cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and the fragmented self: Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample

Dissociative behaviors and their relation to both the self and self-organization were examined using the developmental psychopathology perspective in a prospective longitudinal study of high-risk children. Participants were 168 young adults (n = 79 females, n = 89 males, age = 18-19 years) considered high-risk for poor developmental outcomes at birth due to poverty. The present study investigated whether trauma, sense of self, quality of early mother-child relationship, temperament, and intelligence were related to dissociative symptomatology measured at four times across 19 years. Findings were (a) age of onset, chronicity and severity of trauma were highly correlated and predicted level of dissociation; (b) both the avoidant and disorganized patterns of attachment were strong predictors of dissociation; (c) dissociation in childhood may be a more normative response to disruption and stress, while dissociation in adolescence and young adulthood may be more indicative of psychopathology; (d) preliminary support was found for a model proposed by G. Liotti that links disorganized attachment, later trauma, and dissociation in adulthood; and (e) strong support was found for N. Waller, F. W. Putnam, and E. B. Carlson's contention that psychopathological dissociation should not be viewed as the top end of a continuum of dissociative symptomatology, but as a separate taxon that represents an extreme deviation from normal development.
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Honeybee Response to Alarm Pheromones

SummaryUsing a laboratory test, newly emerged worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) were evaluated for their response to four alarm pheromones (isobutyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, 2 heptanone, 1 pentanol), under five temperature/humidity regimens (30°C, 30 6°C, 26°7°C, at 45% RH; 35°C at 30% and 85% RH). With a higher temperature, there was increased probability of a response, and the speed, intensity and duration of that response were also greater. Relative humidity seemed to affect only the intensity, higher humidities increasing it. Occurrence of Nasonov fanning as a part of the response by some bees depended largely on the pheromone being tested; the effects of temperature and humidity were less clear-cut.
Effects of electro-convulsive shocks on daily activity of albino rats in revolving drums.

ConclusionElectro-convulsive shocks in 6 female rats greatly reduced the amount of their voluntary activity for a short period of time. The major change appears within the first 24 hours and disappears within 48 hours after the last convulsive shock is administered. Within a 2-week period following their last convulsion the majority of the animals closely approximated their pre-shock levels of daily activity.
Sedimentary pyrite δ 34 S differs from porewater sulfide in Santa Barbara Basin: Proposed role of organic sulfur

Santa Barbara Basin sediments host a complex network of abiotic and metabolic chemical reactions that knit together the carbon, sulfur, and iron cycles. From a 2.1-m sediment core collected in the center of the basin, we present high-resolution profiles of the concentrations and isotopic compositions of all the major species in this system: sulfate, sulfide (∑H_2S), elemental sulfur (S^0), pyrite, extractable organic sulfur (OS), proto-kerogen S, total organic and dissolved inorganic carbon, and total and reducible iron. Below 10 cm depth, the core is characterized by low apparent sulfate reduction rates (<0.01 mM/yr) except near the sulfate-methane transition zone. Surprisingly, pyrite forming in shallow sediments is ∼30‰ more ^(34)S-depleted than coexisting ∑H_2S in porewater. S^0 has the same strongly ^(34)S-depleted composition as pyrite where it forms near the sediment–water interface, though not at depth. This pattern is not easily explained by conventional hypotheses in which sedimentary pyrite derives from abiotic reactions with porewater ∑H_2S or from the products of S^0 disproportionation. Instead, we propose that pyrite formation in this environment occurs within sulfate reducing microbial aggregates or biofilms, where it reflects the isotopic composition of the immediate products of bacterial sulfate reduction. Porewater ∑H_2S in Santa Barbara Basin may be more ^(34)S-enriched than pyrite due to equilibration with relatively ^(34)S-enriched OS. The difference between OS and pyrite δ^(34)S values would then reflect the balance between microbial sulfide formation and the abundance of exchangeable OS. Both OS and pyrite δ34S records thus have the potential to provide valuable information about biogeochemical cycles and redox structure in sedimentary paleoenvironments.
Influencing Factors of Protective Facility for Occupational Hazards in Kunming Railway Administration

[Objective]To understand the influencing factors of protective facility for occupational hazards in Kunming Railway Administration,to propose the advice for improving the protective facilities,and protect the health of labors.[Methods]The checklist was made according to occupational health laws,regulations and standards.The units of Kunming Railway Administration with existed occupational hazards were investigated,then the results were analyzed for principal component to obtain the main influencing factors.[Results]The main influencing factors could be divided into 2 principal components,with a total of 14 factors.[Conclusion]Of various factors,The key is 9 factors which relate with the design of protective facility for occupational hazard.It is suggested that the protective facility design should be strictly supervised to satisfy the national occupational health laws,regulations and standards,and to protect the health of labors with occupational exposure maximally.
Research on Dynamic Economic Dispatch Based on Smart Grid

Connecting large-scale plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs) and renewable energy resources(RES) to smart grid makes the traditional top-down control mode of power grid turned into distributed control model,and the unidirectional power flow is turned into bidirectional power flow,so the power output of traditional generating units is directly impacted. PHEVs can provide ancillary services to the grid(vehicle to grid, V2G) that changes genco's single interest mode under traditional economic dispatching.The random charging behavior of PHEV owners and intermittence of renewable energy generation makes the demand on power grid regulation ability stronger.In this paper a smart grid based dynamic economic dispatching model is constructed,in which the PHEV and RES are contained and the minimization of power generation costs(including V2G service cost),the lowest charging cost of PHEV owners,least air pollution,and maximization of synthetic load ratio are taken as objectives,and under the premise of meet the demand of power consumption the charging/discharging time and power of PHEV is dynamically regulated to match with the fluctuations of loads and renewable energy generation.Simulation results of a 10-generating unit system show that the proposed model is reasonable and effective.
Modeling the cost-effectiveness of stormwater best management practices in an urban watershed in Las Vegas Valley

Abstract The Las Vegas Valley is one of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States. Any future urbanization and climate change, especially if the climate becomes wetter and there are more intense and frequent storm events, will undoubtedly cause excessive urban stormwater runoff and exacerbate flooding in the Valley. Stormwater management is therefore one of the key challenges to the local government. The main goal of this study was to ascertain the utility of Best management Practices (BMPs) in mitigating stormwater runoff in the Duck Creek watershed in the Las Vegas Valley. The cost-effectiveness of different BMPs were also compared so as to determine the best BMP arrangement under the current and future climate and land use change conditions. By applying SUSTAIN (System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis INtegration) as a comprehensive GIS-based modeling and decision support system in the BMP analyses, modeling results show that although the installation of the existing three detention basins in the watershed can provide a 9% flow reduction, these three detention basins alone will not be adequate in the future with the impending changes in climate and land use. To alleviate the potential problems of water resources, SUSTAIN was further used to determine the number of additional BMPs required, the optimal types of BMPs (such as, detention and infiltration BMPs), and their locations in reducing storm runoff in the watershed under the future land-use and climate regimes. By comparing the performances of five potential BMP implementation scenarios, it was found that a mixed implementation of one additional detention BMP and one infiltration BMP to the existing detention BMPs in the downstream area of the watershed would be the most cost-effective stormwater runoff control solution in face of future urbanization and climate change. Depending on the locations of the new detention and infiltration BMPs, surface flow, even without BMP retrofit options, could be reduced by 27–31%. The cost for such installations would range from $1,141,000 to $1,319,000. This information may be useful to local planners and water resource managers in their efforts to develop alternative stormwater management plans in the arid Southwest.
Longitudinal association between sleep disordered breathing and peripheral artery disease in the Wisconsin sleep cohort

BACKGROUND— Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) but its association with subclinical atherosclerosis has only been studied in cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVE— To examine the longitudinal association between SDB and markers of subclinical peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among community dwelling adults. METHODS— We used prospective data from the participants in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (n=1,491, 54% female, 30-79 yrs at baseline). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was defined as the ratio of systolic blood pressure in the ankle/brachial arteries; an ABI RESULTS— Compared with no SDB, the age, sex, and BMI-adjusted 8-yr change in ABI in those with mild, moderate, and severe SDB were -0.001, -0.005, and -0.037 (p=0.02), respectively. The association persisted after further adjustment for waist/hip ratio, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, cholesterol, and history of clinical CVD, and was stronger among participants ≥55 yrs. The adjusted hazard ratio of incident PAD comparing severe SDB to no SDB was 1.5, but was not statistically significant, due to the small number of events. CONCLUSIONS— Severe SDB was associated with significant decline in ABI, a marker of peripheral artery disease, but only weakly with PAD incidence.
Treatment Acceptability and Social Validity

This is the fifth chapter in the section on client variables, values, and preferences. Treatment acceptability is a critical aspect of social validity. Target clients should complete treatment acceptability tools whenever communication or developmental limitations do not interfere with the interpretation of outcomes. Stakeholder clients (e.g., parents, teachers, direct care staff) can help determine treatment acceptability when target clients are unable to do so. Treatment acceptability instruments that can be completed by target and/or stakeholder clients are reviewed. In addition, cultural variables that may influence treatment acceptability are briefly examined. Finally the importance of interpreting client “drop out” as a possible indicator of acceptable is reviewed. However, due to both the tremendous need experienced by individuals with ASD and their families/communities and the limited number of qualified practitioners who are available to them, relatively low dropout rates should not be assumed to reflect high levels of treatment acceptability.
Increased Sclerostin Secretion in Multiple Myeloma Plays a Central Role in Osteolytic Bone Disease

Abstract 3989 Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSC), Osteoblasts (OB) and osteoclasts (OC) are a central part of the bone microenvironment and play a crucial role in multiple myeloma (MM) growth and survival. Their imbalance results in osteolytic lesions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying osteolytic lesions is important not only for the improvement of osteolytic bone disease but also for the treatment of MM. The osteocyte-secreted protein sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, is a potent inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis. However, the role of Sclerostin in MM remains to be elucidated. Our objective was to evaluate the role of sclerostin in MM bone disease and confirm that sclerostin directed strategies are an effective approach in MM. We observed higher levels of sclerostin in MM patients9 plasma compared to leukemia patients, gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers. Importantly, sclerostin levels were associated with an increase in tumor burden suggesting that MM cells are associated with the increase levels of sclerostin. Sclerostin concentrations similar to those detected in MM patients9 plasma inhibited OB differentiation and an anti-sclerostin neutralizing antibody (RD therefore our results indicate that sclerostin accelerates OC differentiation by JNK and CaMKII signaling stimulation in BMSC in addition to its direct affect against OC. We next examined OB derived from MM patients9 BMSC cocultured with the MM cell line INA6 by using cell culture inserts to avoid cell-cell contact. INA6 inhibited OB differentiation and sclerostin neutralizing antibody reversed the INA6 effect as assessed by qPCR and alizarin red staining. Interestingly, co-culture with MM cells stimulated sclerostin mRNA expression and sclerostin protein expression in OB well as in OB cocultures with MM cells. Moreover recombinant CCL3 protein stimulated sclerostin mRNA expression in MM cells. Because CCL3 is secreted by MM cells, these data suggest in part the mechanism by which sclerostin is increased in MM-OB cocultures. These data suggest sclerostin is secreted by MM cells and OB and inhibits osteoblastogenesis and stimulates osteoclastogenesis directly and indirectly. Neutralizing sclerostin levels reverses these effects. Taken together, our data suggest that sclerostin is a good target to inhibit myeloma bone disease and help restore normal bone homeostasis. Disclosures: Raje:Onyx: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millenium: Consultancy; Acetylon: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Eli-Lilly: Research Funding.
Improving the Readability of Pediatric Hospital Medicine Discharge Instructions.

Background Readable discharge instructions may help caregivers understand and implement care plans following hospitalization. Many caregivers of hospitalized children, however, have limited literacy. We aimed to increase the percentage of discharge instructions written at 7th grade level or lower for hospital medicine patients from 13% to 80% in 6 months. Methods Quality improvement efforts targeted a 42-bed unit at the community satellite of our large, urban academic hospital. A multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, and parents focused on key drivers: family engagement in discharge process, standardization of discharge instructions, staff engagement in discharge preparedness, and audit and feedback of data. Improvement cycles included 1) education and implementation of a general discharge instruction template in the electronic health record (EHR); 2) visible reminders and tips for writing readable discharge instructions; 3) implementation of disease-specific discharge instruction templates in the EHR; and 4) individualized feedback to staff on readability and content of their written discharge instructions. Instructions were individually scored for readability using an online platform. An annotated control chart assessed the impact of interventions over time. Results Through sequential interventions over 6 months, the percentage of discharge instructions written at 7th grade or lower readability level increased from 13% to 98% and has been sustained for 4 months. The reliable use of the EHR templates was associated with our largest improvements. Conclusion Use of standardized discharge instruction templates and rapid feedback to staff improved the readability of instructions. Next steps include adaptation and spread to other patient populations.
Variable-density mixing in turbulent jets with coflow

Two sets of experiments are performed to study variable-density effects in turbulent round jets with coflow at density ratios, and . Ten thousand instantaneous realisations of simultaneous two-dimensional particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence at three axial locations in the momentum-dominated region of the jet allow us to calculate the full turbulent kinetic energy (t.k.e.) budgets, providing insights into the mechanisms of density fluctuation correlations both axially and radially in a non-Boussinesq flow. The strongest variable-density effects are observed within the velocity half-width of the jet, . Variable-density effects decrease the Reynolds stresses via increased turbulent mass flux in the heavy jet, as shown by previous jet centreline measurements. Radial profiles of turbulent flux show that in the lighter jet t.k.e. is moving away from the centreline, while in the heavy jet it is being transported both inwards towards the centreline and radially outwards. Negative t.k.e. production is observed in the heavy jet, and we demonstrate that this is caused by both reduced gradient stretching in the axial direction and increased turbulent mass fluxes. Large differences in advection are also observed between the two jets. The air jet has higher total advection caused by strong axial components, while density fluctuations in the heavy jet reduce the axial advection significantly. The budget mechanisms in the non-Boussinesq regime are best understood using effective density and velocity half-width, , a modification of previous scaling.
Isolation of Biologically Active Exosomes from Plasma of Patients with Cancer

A method for exosome isolation from human plasma was developed for rapid, high-throughput processing of plasma specimens obtained from patients with cancer. This method removes the bulk of plasma proteins associated with exosomes and can be used for comparative examinations of exosomes and their content in serial specimens of patients' plasma, allowing for monitoring changes in exosome numbers, profiles, and functions in the course of cancer progression or during therapy. The plasma-derived exosomes can be recovered in quantities sufficient for the characterization of their morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size and concentration by qNano, protein/lipid ratios, nucleic acid extraction, molecular profiling by Western blots or immune arrays, and functional assays.
Abstract 3869: Cell surface vimentin targeted mAb 86C increases sensitivity to temozolomide mediated cell death in glioma stem cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumor in pediatric patients. The current standard of care including radiation and chemotherapy is not effective in most patients due to multiple factors such as resistance and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The development of strategies to reduce resistance and to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy may ameliorate the problems. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered the source of relapse and chemoresistance. Sensitization of temozolomide TMZ resistance in GSC is therefore integral for therapeutic efficacy. Our lab has discovered that cell surface vimentin (CSV) is presented on patient-derived GSCs. In this study, we demonstrate that the treatment of GSCs with anti-CSV antibody (86C) sensitizes them to TMZ. We found that the combination of 86C and TMZ induced additional antitumor effects in 8 out of 12 GSCs. Mechanistic study of the four resistance GSCs revealed slow re-surface rate of CSV from CSV- GSCs and low CSV expression on GSCs as possible contributing factors. GSCs with rapid CSV resurfacing from CSV- GSCs was more sensitive to combination treatment compared to GSCs with a slow recovering from CSV- GSCs. Furthermore, the metabolism study shows these four resistance cells have high intrinsic mitochondria activity compared to sensitive cells. The combination of TMZ with 86C may represent a valuable strategy to reverse GSC chemoresistance. Citation Format: Hyangsoon Noh, Jun Yan, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, Shulin Li. Cell surface vimentin targeted mAb 86C increases sensitivity to temozolomide mediated cell death in glioma stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3869
Differential item functioning by language on the PROMIS ® physical functioning items for children and adolescents

To assess the equivalence of self-reports of physical functioning between pediatric respondents to the English- and Spanish-language patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®) physical functioning item banks. The PROMIS pediatric physical functioning item banks include 29 upper extremity items and 23 mobility items. A sample of 5091 children and adolescents (mean age = 12 years, range 8–17; 49% male) completed the English-language version of the items. A sample of 605 children and adolescents (mean age = 12 years, range 8–17; 55% male; 96% Hispanic) completed the Spanish-language version of the items. We found language (English versus Spanish) differential item functioning (DIF) for 4 upper extremity items and 7 mobility items. Product-moment correlations between estimated upper extremity and mobility scores using the English versus the equated Spanish item parameters for Spanish-language respondents were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. After excluding cases with significant person misfit, we found DIF for the same 4 upper extremity items that had DIF in the full sample and for 12 mobility items (including the same 7 mobility items that had DIF in the full sample). The identification of DIF items between English- and Spanish-language respondents was affected slightly by excluding respondents displaying person misfit. The results of this study provide support for measurement equivalence of self-reports of physical functioning by children and adolescents who completed the English- and Spanish-language surveys. Future analyses are needed to replicate the results of this study in other samples.
Coordinated control for networked multi-agent systems

Coordination in networked multi-agent systems attracts significant interest in the realm of engineering. Typical examples include formations of unmanned aerial vehicles, automated highway systems, and sensor networks. One common feature for these systems is that coordinated behaviors are exhibited by interactions among agents where information exchange and manipulation are necessary. In this work, three relevant issues are investigated in detail: uniform strategy for multi-agent formation control, fast-converging consensus protocols, and packet-based state estimation over communication networks. Formation control of multi-agent systems involves harmony among local controller design, interaction topology analysis, and objective agreement among networked agents. We propose a novel control strategy so that each agent responds to neighbors' behaviors as well as acts towards the global goal. Using the tools from signal flow graphs and algebraic graph theory, we show that this new strategy eases the design of local controllers. Robustness against the link failure and scalable disturbance resistance are also discussed based on small-gain theory. Consensus protocols over communication networks are used to achieve agreement among agents. One important issue is the convergence speed. We propose multi-hop relay protocols for fast consensus seeking. Without physically changing the topology of the communication network, this type of distributed protocol increases the algebraic connectivity by employing multi-hop paths in the network. We also investigate the convergence behaviors of consensus protocols with communication delays. Efficiently estimating the states of other agents over communication links is also discussed in this work. When information flows in the network, packet-based data is normally not retransmitted in order to satisfy real-time requirements. Thus, packet drops and random delays are inevitable. We introduce multiple description source codes to manipulate the data before transmission. Using modified algebraic Riccati equations, we show that multiple description codes improve the performance of Kalman filters over a large set of packet-dropping scenarios. This problem is also generalized to the case where observation data has an independent and identical static distribution over a finite set of observation noise. Moreover, Kalman filtering with bursty packet drops is also discussed based on the two-state Markov chain model.
Beyond buttonology: Digital humanities, digital pedagogy, and the ACRL Framework

There is a danger with digital humanities instruction of falling into the trap of buttonology. By buttonology, we do not mean the study of buttons, nor do we intend the derision of August Strindberg, who, in his story “The Isle of the Blessed,” coined the word buttonology to mock scholarly pedantry. Buttonology is, in its simplest terms, software training that surveys different features of an interface in an introductory manner. In a library one-shot, teaching the library discovery system or showing how to perform an advanced search in a database would be buttonology. Knowing how to upload texts into a tool like Voyant does not help researchers think about what texts should be uploaded, how selecting data relates to a research question, or even what constitutes an effective research question. This type of teaching does not encourage critical thinking, yet digital humanities instruction, in our experience, is frequently focused on showing how to use software rather than reflect on the broader context.
Pediatric Otolaryngologic Considerations

The proximity that the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses share with the orbit results in many pathological processes overlapping to involve these regions simultaneously. The thin, partially perforated boundaries that separate these regions render the orbit violable to spread from infections and masses that emanate from the nose. Similarly, primary orbital processes can extend into the nose and present initially with nasal symptoms. This chapter addresses sinonasal pathology that may threaten the orbit and is thus germane to both otolaryngologists and ophthalmological specialists. Methods of diagnosis and intervention, including endoscopic and endonasal surgery, will be reviewed.
Solving Stewardship Problems with Increased Psychological Ownership

Publicly owned or shared items can often suffer from a lack of stewardship due to a diffusion of responsibility, a dilemma sometimes known as the tragedy of the commons. We propose that even when an item is publicly rather than privately owned (e.g., a local pond or community park), there can still be high levels of psychological ownership. The benefit of high psychological ownership for public goods is that the individual then takes a stronger responsibility for care (stewardship) of the object, thus reducing the tragedy of the commons. We discuss interventions designed to increase ownership for shared and public goods, including the use of social identity to drive engagement, and offer experimental evidence for such approaches.
Individually Tailored, Adaptive Intervention to Manage Gestational Weight Gain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Women With Overweight and Obesity.

Background: High gestational weight gain is a major public health concern as it independently predicts adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Past interventions have had only limited success in effectively managing pregnancy weight gain, especially among women with overweight and obesity. Well-designed interventions are needed that take an individualized approach and target unique barriers to promote healthy weight gain. Objective: The primary aim of the study is to describe the study protocol for Healthy Mom Zone, an individually tailored, adaptive intervention for managing weight in pregnant women with overweight and obesity. Methods: The Healthy Mom Zone Intervention, based on theories of planned behavior and self-regulation and a model of energy balance, includes components (eg, education, self-monitoring, physical activity/healthy eating behaviors) that are adapted over the intervention (ie, increase in intensity) to better regulate weight gain. Decision rules inform when to adapt the intervention. In this randomized controlled trial, women are randomized to the intervention or standard care control group. The intervention is delivered from approximately 8-36 weeks gestation and includes step-ups in dosages (ie, Step-up 1 = education + physical activity + healthy eating active learning [cooking/recipes]; Step-up 2 = Step-up 1 + portion size, physical activity; Step-up 3 = Step-up 1 + 2 + grocery store feedback, physical activity); 5 maximum adaptations. Study measures are obtained at pre- and postintervention as well as daily (eg, weight), weekly (eg, energy intake/expenditure), and monthly (eg, psychological) over the study period. Analyses will include linear mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations, and dynamical modeling to understand between-group and within-individual effects of the intervention on weight gain. Results: Recruitment of 31 pregnant women with overweight and obesity has occurred from January 2016 through July 2017. Baseline data have been collected for all participants. To date, 24 participants have completed the intervention and postintervention follow-up assessments, 3 are currently in progress, 1 dropped out, and 3 women had early miscarriages and are no longer active in the study. Of the 24 participants, 13 women have completed the intervention to date, of which 1 (8%, 1/13) received only the baseline intervention, 3 (23%, 3/13) received baseline + step-up 1, 6 (46%, 6/13) received baseline + step-up 1 + step-up 2, and 3 (23%, 3/13) received baseline + step-up 1 + step-up 2 +step-up 3. Data analysis is still ongoing through spring 2018. Conclusions: This is one of the first intervention studies to use an individually tailored, adaptive design to manage weight gain in pregnancy. Results from this study will be useful in designing a larger randomized trial to examine efficacy of this intervention and developing strategies for clinical application. Registered Report Identifier: RR1-10.2196/9220 [JMIR Res Protoc 2018;7(6):e150]
Bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation

Bacterial masses on the crowns of the teeth, termed dental plaques, are generally separated from the tooth enamel by a pellicle of salivary origin. The initiation of plaque formation entails the firm adherence of bacteria to the pellicle andin situ growth of attached bacteria. Plaque accumulation, after saturation of the pellicle surface, involves adhesive interactions between growing attached bacteria via the interbacterial matrix (host- and bacteria-derived products) and further attachment. Bacterial adherence to the pellicle is a prerequisite for plaque initiation. The attachment of different bacterial species exhibits a great deal of specificity and appears to involve specific receptors on the bacterial and pellicle surfaces. Different salivary glycoproteins, e. g. high M. W. polymers or immunoglubulins in the pellicle, as well as bacterial cell surface appendages (fimbriae) have been implicated, and some evidence suggests involvement of lectin-like interactions. Plaque accumulation may be mediated by bacterial extracellular polysaccharides, salivary components as well as direct cell-to-cell binding. These interactions also exhibit great selectivity, and evidence for a lectinlike nature of some of them has been obtained. Extracellular glucans synthesized from sucrose appear to favor specifically the accumulation ofStreptococcus mutans cells. The role of other homo- and heteropoly-saccharides is much less clear. Salivary components play a dual role in plaque formation. They can mediate bacterial attachment to the pellicle or plaque periphery, but by binding to unattached bacteria they can also diminish the attachment of such bacteria. The bacterial composition of plaque in its early phase of formation appears to be dictated by the relative adherence ability of participating organisms. Shifts in the bacterial composition of plaque in later development stages can also be caused by changes in bacterial growth conditions. In contrast to plaque composition, total plaque mass is governed mainly by growth of attached organisms rather than by continuous new adherence of bacteria to the plaque periphery. Successful practical methods for inhibiting or preventing plaque formation by interfering with bacterial adhesive processes have not yet been developed.
Asymptotic Expansions for the Nonnull Distributions of the Multivariate Test Statistics

Three methods are discussed for obtaining the asymptotic expansions for the nonnull distributions of multivariate test statistics; (i) the method by the Taylor expansion including the studentization method, (ii) the method by the expansion of exact characteristic functions using the formulas for weighted sums of zonal polynomials, and (iii) the method based on the system of partial differential equations satisfied by the hypergeometric functions. A short note on some other useful methods is also given. The emphasis in the discussion is put on the basic idea in each method.
Microgravity Segregation in Collisional Granular Shearing Flows

This article concerns granular shearing flows in microgravity where segregation of grains by size or mass is driven by spatial gradients in the fluctuation energy of the grains.
Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS)

The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is the most widely used scale to quantify tics. It is a rating that is based on a clinician-rated, semistructured interview that begins with a systematic inquiry of tic symptoms in the preceding week. Current motor and phonic tics are then rated separately according to number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. The YGTSS has been psychometrically studied and it has many positive qualities, although it is not perfect. Several translations of the YGTSS and studies of their psychometric properties have been published, including versions in Spanish and Polish.
Factors Associated with Family Caregivers' Confidence in Future Surrogate Decision Making for Persons with Cancer.

Abstract Background: Improving family caregiver preparation for surrogate decision making is a critical priority. Objective: Determine a parsimonious set of intrapersonal factors associated with fa...
Role of induction therapy in low immunological risk-kidney transplant recipients: A mate-kidney analysis.

We aimed to evaluate the impact of induction on outcomes in low-immunological risk kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) using a mate-kidney model. Using OPTN/UNOS database, we identified three groups of low-immunological risk KTRs (first transplant, panel reactive antibody <20%, human leukocyte antigen mismatches ≤3) with each group containing recipients of mate-kidneys from same donor and differed by induction received: group 1: no induction vs interleukin-2 receptor antibody (IL2RA) induction; group 2: no induction vs depleting antibody induction; group 3: IL2RA vs depleting antibody induction. Outcomes were compared between mate-kidney recipients in each group in an adjusted model. Total of 1034 mate-kidney recipients were identified: group 1, n = 192; group 2, n = 362 and group 3, n = 480. Adjusted risk for DGF was higher (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.09-3.25,.P = 0.02) and one-year acute rejection trended lower (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.25-1.11, P = 0.09) among depleting antibody induced patients in group 2. Adjusted five-year graft survivals were similar between mate-kidney recipients in all three groups. Adjusted patient death risk was significantly lower in depleting antibody induced patients in group 2 (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.88, P = 0.02) and trended lower in IL2RA induced patient in group 1 (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-1.01, P = 0.05). Perioperative antibody induction was associated with lower patient death risk in low-immunologic risk KTRs.
Health Belief Model Scale and Theory of Planned Behavior Scale to assess attitudes and perceptions of injury prevention program participation: An exploratory factor analysis.

Abstract Objectives To examine the psychometric properties of the Health Belief Model Scale (HBMS) and Theory of Planned Behavior Scale (TPBS), and determine construct validity by evaluating which subscales were most associated with intention to participate in an Exercise-related Injury Prevention Program (ERIPP) within physically active adults. Design Cross-sectional. Methods Two hundred and eighty-four physically active individuals volunteered to participate in this study and completed the HBMS and TPBS on one occasion. The HBMS consisted of 39 items and the TPBS consisted of 22 items. Both scales aimed to assess attitudes and perceptions of ERIPP participation. Exploratory factor analysis evaluated the loading factors of the HBMS and TPBS. Linear regression determined if the HBMS and TPBS subscales were predictors of intention to participate in an ERIPP. Results Nine factors were identified within the HBMS and five factors were identified within the TPBS. The subscales of the HBMS and TPBS had acceptable internal consistencies. Perceived benefits, social norms, and social influence from the TPBS and perceived benefits, individual self-efficacy, and general health cues from the HBMS were positively and significantly associated with intention to participate while perceived barriers had a negative association. Conclusions The HBMS and TPBS demonstrated strong psychometric properties to assess behavioral determinants of ERIPP participation within physically active adults. The social influence, social norm, and individual self-efficacy subscales were the best predictors of intention to participate followed by benefits, general health cues, and barriers.
Sky Blue Stone: The Turquoise Trade in World History

Arash Khazeni’s Sky Blue Stone: The Turquoise Trade in World History is a meticulously researched account of the turquoise trade in early modern Eurasia that traverses between global, cultural, and...
The Vibrio-Squid Symbiosis as a Model for Studying Interbacterial Competition

The symbiosis between Euprymna scolopes squid and its bioluminescent bacterial symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, is a valuable model system to study a natural, coevolved host-microbe association. Over the past 30 years, researchers have developed and optimized many experimental methods to study both partners in isolation and during symbiosis. These powerful tools, along with a strong foundational knowledge about the system, position the Vibrio-squid symbiosis at the forefront of host-microbe interactions because this system is uniquely suited to investigation of symbiosis from both host and bacterial perspectives. Moreover, the ability to isolate and characterize different strains of V. fischeri has revealed exciting new insights about how different genotypes evolve to compete for a host niche, including deploying interbacterial weapons early during host colonization. This Perspective explores how interbacterial warfare influences the diversity and spatial structure of the symbiotic population, as well as the possible effects that intraspecific competition might have on the host.
1988 Improving the Utility of The Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) Database: Using Categorization of Device Events to Compare Uterine Endometrial Ablation Devices

Study Objective Categorize 13 years of FDA MAUDE reports on endometrial ablation devices to assess its utility as an improvement to the database. Design The MAUDE database was reviewed from 2005 to 2018 using brand name searches: Genesys HTA, HerOption, Minerva, Novasure, and Thermachoice. Events related to device malfunction with and without patient injury were categorized: Type I: non-injury equipment malfunction event, Type II: an injury event not requiring hospitalization and, Type III: an injury event requiring hospitalization. Setting 13-year FDA MAUDE database review (2005-2018). Patients or Participants N/A Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results 1518 MAUDE reports were categorized as follows: Genesys HTA: Type I: 131/432(33.41%), Type II: 259/432 (58.1%), Type III: 42/432 (9.49%); HerOption: Type I: 4/14 (28.57%), Type II: 0 (0%), and Type III:10/14 (71.43%); Minerva: Type I: 13/56 (23.21%), Type II: 9/56 (16.07%), and Type III: 34/56 (60.71%); Novasure: Type I: 92/550 (16.7%), Type II: 273/550 (49.6%), Type III: 185/550 (33.6%); Thermachoice: Type I: 315/466 (67.60%), Type II: 78/466 (16.74%), and Type III: 73/466 (15.67%). Large differences in reported category type were noted between brands of instruments. Conclusion The MAUDE database serves as a valuable tool for physicians to evaluate the safety of medical devices. Patient injuries, minor and serious, are critical information physicians need when considering new device use. Categorizing MAUDE reports into 1) instrument malfunction, 2) minor patient injury & 3) major patient injury (i.e., hospitalization) is a potential way to make the database more useful. While the MAUDE system was not design to compare devices, the categorization proposed here demonstrates a potential method to do this and improve the utility of the database. Additionally, the absence of sales or use volume data on devices use is a serious limitation to the utility of the database. This data can and should be incorporated into the MAUDE reporting system.
Why only common morality

‘Why Not Common Morality?’ revisits an important and enduring question: is medical ethics distinct from ‘everyday’ ethics? In her paper, Rosamond Rhodes undertakes the ambitious project of answering this question, in addition to clarifying what constitutes a profession, how professions differ from ‘roles’ and how medical ethics relates to medical professionalism. Rhodes aims to challenge the status quo within medical ethics by departing from the views of certain giants within the field. The paper’s central contention is that the ethics of everyday life and medical ethics are indeed distinct—the latter cannot be derived from the former and we consequently need a new theory of medical ethics. While I am sympathetic to the aims of the project and took no small delight in Rhodes’s gumption, the paper suffers from a number of issues. Putting aside the issue of whether Rhodes accurately represents the theories she critiques—and that is no small thing to set aside—first, many scholars have interrogated in great depth, and from many angles, the relationship between common morality and medical ethics.1–4 Scholarship from the philosophy of medicine, virtue ethics, role-differentiated ethics, narrative and care ethics has made a significant contribution to the projects of clarifying what is distinct about medical professionalism and understanding how we might subsequently treat ethical issues that arise in healthcare with due sensitivity to these myriad differences.5–10 Yet, Rhodes largely ignores this literature …
Understanding OT Practice Regarding Home-Program (HP) Creation for Individuals Postburn

Date Presented 04/04/19 Secondary effects of burn injury, such as scarring and contractures, impair occupational performance. Home programs (HP), which may include exercises, splint or garment wear, and functional activities, are used by OT practitioners to extend care postdischarge. This study utilized a descriptive survey to gather information from OT practitioners across the US. This poster will describe OT practice patterns for this population. Primary Author and Speaker: Ann Cook Additional Authors and Speakers: Elena Donoso-Brown, Margaret Hyland
Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Influenza: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Symptoms in China

Background: COVID-19 is spreading throughout the United States in the midst of flu season and a clear clinical differential model of how this disease differs fr
Designing high performance Pt monolayer core–shell electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Abstract In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, platinum (Pt) has been the dominant choice for both the cathode and the anode catalysts. The high Pt content and high associated costs particularly at the cathode, and sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and poor stability, remain a challenge. Pt monolayer (ML) catalysts offer a distinctively reduced Pt content while providing considerable possibilities for enhancing their catalytic activity and stability for the ORR. In this opinion, we first review the achievement in active and stable Pt ML on palladium (Pd) nanoparticle catalysts for the ORR. We then describe the mechanisms that rationalize their high activity and durability. Recently, we developed several novel nanostructured cores to further improve the ORR activity and stability by optimizing their surface orientation, composition, and morphology. The results from the Pt ML catalysts significantly impact the research of electrocatalysis and fuel-cell technology, as they demonstrate an exceptionally effective way of design and syntheses of catalysts.
Fichte and Existentialism: Freedom and Finitude, Self-Positing and Striving

This chapter exhibits and explains a range of claims, each of which is central to Fichte’s “theory of science” (Wissenschaftslehre) and all of which importantly anticipate existentialism. The claims in question are the following: (1) The nature of selfhood or subjectivity is an issue of fundamental philosophical importance. (2) The self is not a thinking substance or knowing subject; it is a self-conscious project of self-actualization. (3) Qua self-conscious project, the being of the self is an ongoing interrelating of freedom and finitude. (4) Qua project of self-actualization, the self is not a causally conditioned object but a self-transparently self-realizing activity. (5) This activity involves a striving for the self’s actuality. (6) Knowing is an activity founded upon and steered by that striving. (7) Qua striving for the self’s actuality, the self’s activity harbors an orientation toward authenticity. (8) Qua striving for the self’s actuality, this activity aims for a humanly unreachable goal.