cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One of the nine doublet microtubules of eukaryotic flagella exhibits unique and partially conserved structures.

The axonemal core of motile cilia and flagella consists of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two central single microtubules. Attached to the doublets are thousands of dynein motors that produce sliding between neighboring doublets, which in turn causes flagellar bending. Although many structural features of the axoneme have been described, structures that are unique to specific doublets remain largely uncharacterized. These doublet-specific structures introduce asymmetry into the axoneme and are likely important for the spatial control of local microtubule sliding. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography and doublet-specific averaging to determine the 3D structures of individual doublets in the flagella of two evolutionarily distant organisms, the protist Chlamydomonas and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus. We demonstrate that, in both organisms, one of the nine doublets exhibits unique structural features. Some of these features are highly conserved, such as the inter-doublet link i-SUB5-6, which connects this doublet to its neighbor with a periodicity of 96 nm. We also show that the previously described inter-doublet links attached to this doublet, the o-SUB5-6 in Strongylocentrotus and the proximal 1–2 bridge in Chlamydomonas, are likely not homologous features. The presence of inter-doublet links and reduction of dynein arms indicate that inter-doublet sliding of this unique doublet against its neighbor is limited, providing a rigid plane perpendicular to the flagellar bending plane. These doublet-specific features and the non-sliding nature of these connected doublets suggest a structural basis for the asymmetric distribution of dynein activity and inter-doublet sliding, resulting in quasi-planar waveforms typical of 9+2 cilia and flagella.
Dislocation motion in erbia single crystals

Abstract Dislocation motion during high-temperature deformation of erbia single crystals has been investigated. Compressive deformation along [111], [ 1 1 2] , [ 1 10] and [123] at 1640°C resulted in slip on {110} planes. The Burgers vector was determined to be b → = 1 2 〈 1 1 1 〉. Dislocations with such a large Burgers vector (9.1 A), can dissociate into 1 4 〈 1 1 0 〉 and 1 4 〈 1 1 2 〉 partials. The critical resolved shear stress of the samples at 1640°C was estimated to be ≈38 MPa. Cleavage at room temperature was found to be on {111} planes.
Advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) typically runs a biphasic or triphasic course, with diagnoses usually made in the chronic phase (CP). Without effective treatment, patients eventually progress to a blastic phase (BP), frequently through an intermediate or accelerated phase (AP). Because the definition of AP varies among studies, comparisons of outcome and prognosis are difficult. The management of patients in these advanced phases of the disease has been much less satisfactory than that of patients in CP. Treatment with interferon-alfa (IFNalpha)-based therapy is ineffective for most patients in AP and for all of those in BP. Imatinib mesylate has demonstrated significant activity AP and BP disease, although the results are inferior compared to treatment in CP. In AP, 82% of patients achieve a hematologic response, with 24% achieving a major cytogenetic remission (MCR). Early MCR (within 3 months of diagnosis) provides a survival advantage over patients who do not achieve this response or achieve it later. In BP, 21% of previously treated patients and 36% of previously untreated patients have responded to imatinib, and up to 17% of patients may achieve a major cytogenetic response. However, responses are frequently short-lived. Several agents are being investigated for treatment of advanced-phase CML, including decitabine (DAC), homoharringtonine (HHT), troxacitabine, clofarabine, farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitors (FTI), and others. Many have also proven to be synergistic with imatinib in vitro and combination studies are ongoing. Continued investigation of these approaches is needed to improve the long-term prognosis of advanced-phase CML.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of myelin P0 and its implication in signal transduction

P(0), a major structural protein of peripheral myelin, belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Sequence comparison of P(0) with PZR, a tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 binding protein we recently cloned, revealed the presence of an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in the intracellular portion of the P(0) molecule. To study the role of this putative ITIM in signal transduction, we have expressed P(0) in HT-1080 and 293 cells. Stimulation of the transfected cells with pervanadate, a powerful inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of P(0) and its association with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Mutation of Y(220) embedded in the ITIM to phenylalanine abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation and the association. Tyrosine phosphorylation of P(0) and its association with other signaling proteins were also observed in pervanadate-treated RN22 Schwannoma cells, which express endogenous P(0). Furthermore, injection of pervanadate induced tyrosine phosphorylation of P(0) in peripheral nerves of newborn but not adult mice. The physiological importance of the ITIM in P(0) is implied by the fact that a naturally occurred P(0) mutant with a disrupted ITIM has a dominant role in causing Dejerine-Scotts syndrome. Taken together, P(0) is phosphorylated on Try(220). The presence of an ITIM in P(0) and its ability to mediate protein-protein interaction through tyrosine phosphorylation indicate that P(0) is not merely a structural protein but may also be a crucial player in cell signaling.
ALTERED DISTRIBUTION OF T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HAEMOPHILIA

Abstract Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of unknown aetiology characterised by opportunistic infections, unusual malignancies, and aberrations in cellular immunity; lymphopenia and reversal of helper/suppressor T-cell ratios are the most common. In this study the immune function in 25 children and adolescents with haemophilia was assessed. Normal humoral immunity was observed in all patients evaluated. T and B cell numbers and stimulation were within normal limits. However, 5 of the patients had reversed helper/ suppressor T-cell ratios similar to, but less pronounced than, the reversed ratio observed in patients with clinical signs of AIDS. These results suggest that patients with haemophilia may be at increased risk of AIDS and that regular investigation of cellular immunity is warranted in these patients.
On Extremal Connectivity Properties of Unavoidable Matroids

Ding, Oporowski, Oxley, and Vertigan proved that, for alln?3, there is an integerN(n) such that every 3-connected matroid with at leastN(n) elements has a minor isomorphic to a wheel or whirl of rankn,M(K3,n) or its dual,U2,n+2or its dual, or a rank-nspike. This paper characterizes each of these classes of unavoidable matroids in terms of an extremal connectivity condition. In particular, it is proved that ifMis a 3-connected matroid of at least rank 7 for which every single-element deletion or contraction is 3-connected but no 2-element deletion or contraction is, thenMis a spike with its tip deleted. It is further proved that ifMis a 3-connected matroid of at least rank 4 for which every single-element deletion is 3-connected but no 1-element contraction or 2-element deletion is, thenM?M*(K3,n).
A database driven memetic algorithm for fuzzy set optimization

Fuzzy logic provides a natural and precise way for humans to define and interact with systems. Optimizing a fuzzy inference system, however, presents some special challenges for the developer because of the imprecision that is inherent to fuzzy sets. This paper expands upon an earlier development of a fuzzy framework, adding components for dynamic self-optimization. What makes this approach unique is the use of relational database as a computational engine for the memetic algorithm and fitness function. The new architecture combines the power of fuzzy logic with the special properties of a relational database to create an efficient, flexible and self-optimizing combination. Database objects provide the fitness function, population sampling, gene crossover and mutation components allowing for superior batch processing and data mining potential. Results show the framework is able to improve the performance of a working configuration as well as fix a non-working configuration.
Elimination of computer — induced errors

Computer solutions obtained in certain statistical applications can be seriously distorted because of the inability of the hardware to represent all numbers exactly. In this paper the author discusses a software system which eliminates that problem. The system is written in ASA standard FORTRAN, and hence is efficient and portable. A built-in preprocessor makes it possible to invoke the system automatically; the user need only write normal FORTRAN arithmetic expressions.
Effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation in alcoholic hepatitis

A controlled randomized study was performed in 15 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis to determine the effect of the administration of a parenteral amino acid-glucose solution for 1 month on nutritional, clinical, biochemical and histological parameters. All patients were allowed ad libitum consumption of a hospital diet. Five patients received the amino acid-glucose solution, while 10 received the glucose solution without amino acids. There was more improvement in nitrogen balance in the treated group than the control group. However, amino acid therapy was no more beneficial than control therapy in improving creatinine-height index, arm muscle area, arm fat area, and plasma levels of retinol binding proteins, prealbumin and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. Clinical and biochemical markers of liver disease improved in both groups. This improvement in composite clinical index was more rapid in the treated than in the control group, but this early advantage was no longer apparent at the end of one month. Hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation and fat improved in the entire group. Amino acid treatment resulted in a greater resolution of fatty infiltration, but did not otherwise affect hepatic histology. Hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation in both the initial and final liver biopsies were highly correlated with nitrogen balance on admission. Initial clinical index correlated with the quantity of ethanol consumption prior to admission but not with liver injury on biopsy. However, by the end of the study, clinical index correlated with hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation. It is concluded that the clinical syndrome of alcoholic hepatitis is heavily influenced initially by metabolic consequences of alcohol consumption and that it is the resolution of this alcohol effect that is most influenced by parenteral amino acid supplementation.
Renal response to parathyroid hormone in the weanling rat

The renal response to parathyroid hormone and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in kidney cortex were studied in weanling and adult rats. Clearance studies for the determination of glomerular filtration rate and phosphate excretion were started 2 h after sham operation or thyroparathyroidectomy in 24- or 40-day-old rats. Urine was collected under basal conditions and following infusions with 0.5 and 1.0 mumol phosphate per 100 g body wt min-1. For enzyme studies, rats aged 14-40 days were used, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in renal cortical slices was determined. Glomerular filtration rate was not influenced by thyroparathyroidectomy or phosphate infusions. Plasma phosphate increased during phosphate infusions and was significantly higher in thyroparathyroidectomized rats in all clearance periods. Both the net and the fractional excretions of phosphate were higher in intact than in thyroparathyroidectomized rats and the phosphate-retaining effect of thyroparathyroidectomy was similar in weanling and adult rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity in renal cortical slices increased between days 14 and 24 (1400-3190 IU mg-1 protein, P less than 0.01). During later development, no significant change was seen. It is concluded that the immature kidney of the weanling rats shows a parathyroid hormone-dependent adaptation to acute phosphate loading, and that changes in alkaline phosphatase activity are consistent with a maturation of this system only during early development.
Completely bounded transformations of H-operator spaces

Abstract If U is the commutant of a strictly cyclic unilateral weighted shift with a monotonically decreasing weight sequence, then we show that there is a natural isomorphism of the Banach space of bounded linear maps from U into B ( H ) with the Banach space of bounded linear maps of the trace class operators into H , where H is a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space. Under this isomorphism, an operator Φ from U into B ( H ) is completely bounded if and only if its image extends to a bounded map of the Hilbert-Schmidt operators into H . The proof shows that if Φ is only completely row bounded, then Φ is in fact completely bounded. The characterization of the completely bounded maps is then used to prove the existence of a family of completely unbounded representations of U into B ( H ).
Comprehensive Study of the Stock Market’s Reaction to Fairness Opinions

The authors comprehensively study the stock market’s reaction to buy-side fairness opinions (FO) and investigate investment strategies associated with such opinions. They find that the stock portfolio of acquiring firms that purchase an FO for their merger deals has negative risk-adjusted abnormal returns and performs poorly relative to acquiring firms that undertake similar deals but do not use an FO. These results imply that for investment professionals, a more appropriate investment strategy is mostly to short the opinioned stocks.
Parametric Approach To Predicting Two-Dimensional Crystal Structures

The prediction of 3-D solid-state structures using only a knowledge of the molecular geometry of the component molecules poses a difficult challenge. Here, we present details of a symmetry-based parametric approach to solving the 1- and 2-D versions of the 3-D structure prediction problem. The method developed here generates, from molecular building blocks, a small number of possible structures for which the supramolecular bonding interactions obey very specific symmetry-based rules. We have successfully applied the method to predicting the possible supramolecular structures for the high- and low-temperature polymorphs of acetylene and a metal oxalate layer structure ([M(ox)3/2]m-)n. The procedure provides an important first step toward solving or at least substantially simplifying the full 3-D supramolecular structure prediction problems encountered in protein folding, rational drug design, solid-state materials synthesis, and crystal engineering.
Mechanics of the Flow in the Small and Middle Human Airways

Steady divergent flow (inspiration directed) is measured using Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a large-scale model carefully mimicing the morphometry of small human airways. The anatomical features, which induced vorticity in the flow from vorticity free entrance flow, are evaluated under conditions of convective similitude. The flow pattern in the daughter tubes is typical of laminar flow within the entrance to sharp bends (Dean number >500) with rapid development of strong secondary flows (maximum secondary velocity is 45 percent of mean axial velocity). The secondary flow consists of two main vortices, with two smaller and weaker secondary vortex activities toward the inner wall of curvature. There appears to be time dependent interaction with these vortices causing warbling at specific flow conditions. The calculated vorticity transport along the flow axis showed interaction between the viscous force at the new boundary layer development along the carinal wall and centrifugal force of curvature, with a significant influence by the upstream flow prior to entering the actual flow division. This interplay results in an overshoot of the calculated vorticity transport comparable to flow entering curved bends and suppression for the tendency to separate at the inner wall of these tight bends. The maximum primary flow velocities are skewed toward the carinal side (outer wall of curvature) and development of a second peak occurred with convection of the high velocity elements toward the inner wall of curvature by the strong secondary flow.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of oxide surfaces

Considerable progress has been made using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and tunneling spectroscopy (STS) to examine the atomic structures and properties of transition metal oxide surfaces. The surfaces are found to be very sensitive to thermochemical history; consequently a large variety of surface structures have been observed. This paper reviews the results to date of STM on single crystal transition metal oxides (excluding superconductors) and, while mentioning ambient analyses, will emphasize ultra high vacuum and atomic scale structural information of single crystal surfaces. First, a summary of salient features of oxide bulk and surface geometric and electronic structures is provided as a framework within which to discuss the STM results. The principles of STM and STS are reviewed with extensive discussion of special considerations for analyses of oxides, including effects of band bending and image interpretation. Variations of surface stoichiometry are illustrated with results on TiO2 and SrTiO3, for which the most data exist. The yet unresolved controversy regarding the basis of contrast in STM images of oxides is introduced explicitly into discussion of these results. Recent work on vanadyls and tungstate bronzes is also presented. First observations of the structures of local defects on surfaces, including vacancies, dopants, steps, and domain boundaries, are illustrated with results from ZnO, NiO, SrTiO3, and TiO2. Finally, the few studies of surface reactions are considered, including those of oxides with metals, with reducing gases, and with organic molecules.
Self-tuning adaptive control for an industrial weigh belt feeder

An industrial weigh belt feeder is used to transport solid materials into a manufacturing process at a constant feedrate. It exhibits nonlinear behavior because of motor friction, saturation, and quantization noise in the measurement sensors. To overcome the nonlinearities, a simple yet effective method of controller autotuning, an indirect self-tuning regulator, was designed and implemented for an industrial weigh belt feeder. Implementation issues are discussed and experimental results show the effectiveness of the adaptive controller for several different reference inputs. Also, the performance of the indirect self-tuning regulator is compared with that of a fuzzy logic controller for the same application.
Formation of an amorphous powder during the polymerization of ethylene in a radio-frequency discharge

An investigation has been carried out to determine the influence of operating conditions on the character of the final product resulting from the polymerization of ethylene in a radio-frequency discharge. It has been found that low pressures and high ratios of discharge power to gas flow rate lead to the deposition of a powder as well as a film. From visual observations of powder deposition, it has been possible to divide the plane formed by the axis of pressure and flow rate into a region in which powder is deposited together with a film and a region in which only a film is deposited. Numerous physical measurements have been carried out in order to characterize the powder. From these measurements, it has been concluded that the powder is a relatively dense, amorphous, and highly crosslinked polymer composed of short-chain segments containing no more than two adjacent methylene groups. Many forms of unsaturation have been observed which, together with the high crosslink density, explain the measured hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 2.7 to 2. Evidence of oxidation has been observed through the appearance of hydroxyl and carbonyl bands in the infrared spectrum of the polymer. A mechanism for the formation of the powder has been proposed which suggests that the polymerization of the powder takes place totally in the gas phase.
Battery energy storage system smooth photovoltaic power fluctuation control method and capacity demand analysis

Analysis the power data of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power station in northern China. And analyze its 1 minute or 10 minutes time interval maximum active power variation. Consider grid-connected PV requirements to join the battery energy storage system(BESS) to reduce the photovoltaic power fluctuate caused by light intensity and temperature change of grid photovoltaic power fluctuations. Use battery optimization control strategy to reduce power and capacity of the BESS configuration. Take advantage of the BESS charge and discharge characteristics to reduce the problems of grid-connected PV power output fluctuations. Analysis the smoothing effect evaluation index when BESS rated power and capacity changed. Proposed a control strategy that use BESS to smooth PV grid power fluctuations, and optimize the BESS power and capacity, the simulation results verify the feasibility of control strategy and algorithm.
An experimental investigation of plural analysis: Estimating the market share of compact disc players in 1990

This article describes an experiment on individual forecasting and estimation. It explores how people reconcile results from different models or analysis approaches that estimate the same variable. Seventy-seven subjects were asked to estimate the market share of compact disc players in 1990. The estimates were made (a) intuitively, (b) using a market penetration model, and (c) using a scenario model. Subjects' uncertainty over the estimate was substantial, with a 90% credible interval covering a range of 50% of possible market shares. The average 90% credible intervals did not decrease significantly after the presentation of the market penetration model or the scenario analysis. However, the uncertainty ranges tended to increase with an increase in the degree of discrepancy between the initial estimate and the scenario estimates. No such effect was observed for the market penetration model. Independently of the discrepancy between subjects' estimates and the model estimates, the confidence in subjects' post-model estimates always tended to increase. Subjects had more confidence in the scenario model than in the market penetration model and least confidence in their own initial guesses. When asked to reconcile the different estimates, subjects most often chose the scenario estimate or created a mixture.
GRIFFITH TAYLOR, 1880–1963

(1964). GRIFFITH TAYLOR, 1880–1963. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 622-629.
Persistence of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) in temperate coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest Coast, USA

Old-growthPseudotsuga-Tsuga forests of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America are characterized by the presence of large, old trees ofPseudotsuga menziesii var.menziesii (Douglas-fir). Colonizing soon after a stand-replacing disturbance,P. menziesii persists in these forests, coexisting for centuries with the late-successional species.P. menziesii survives by maintaining emergent status in the uppermost part of the forest canopy, above the crowns of competing late-successional species. After reaching maximum tree height and crown size,P. menziesii maintains shoots and foliage of the established crown by epicormic shoot production. In this review, we propose that attaining emergent status in the upper canopy combined with the process of crown maintenance contributes to the persistence ofP. menziesii into later stages of succession, making this species a long-lived pioneer that between infrequent disturbances can coexist with late-successional species for centuries.
Wellbore cement fracture evolution at the cement-basalt caprock interface during geologic carbon sequestration

Abstract Composite Portland cement–basalt caprock cores with fractures, as well as neat Portland cement columns, were prepared to understand the geochemical and geomechanical effects on the integrity of wellbores with defects during geologic carbon sequestration. The samples were reacted with CO 2 –saturated groundwater at 50 °C and 10 MPa for 3 months under static conditions, while one cement–basalt core was subjected to mechanical stress at 2.7 MPa before the CO 2 reaction. Micro-XRD and SEM–EDS data collected along the cement–basalt interface after 3-month reaction with CO 2 –saturated groundwater indicate that carbonation of cement matrix was extensive with the precipitation of calcite, aragonite, and vaterite, whereas the alteration of basalt caprock was minor. X-ray microtomography (XMT) provided three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the opening and interconnection of cement fractures due to mechanical stress. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling further revealed that this stress led to the increase in fluid flow and hence permeability. After the CO 2 -reaction, XMT images displayed that calcium carbonate precipitation occurred extensively within the fractures in the cement matrix, but only partially along the fracture located at the cement–basalt interface. The 3-D visualization and CFD modeling also showed that the precipitation of calcium carbonate within the cement fractures after the CO 2 -reaction resulted in the disconnection of cement fractures and permeability decrease. The permeability calculated based on CFD modeling was in agreement with the experimentally determined permeability. This study demonstrates that XMT imaging coupled with CFD modeling represent a powerful tool to visualize and quantify fracture evolution and permeability change in geologic materials and to predict their behavior during geologic carbon sequestration or hydraulic fracturing for shale gas production and enhanced geothermal systems.
Incorporating 2D quantum effects into full band Monte Carlo simulations of QWFETs

A method for incorporating 2D quantum mechanical effects into a full-band Cellular Monte Carlo simulator is described and applied to the simulation of Quantum Well Field Effect Transistors (QWFETs). Incorporating all relevant scattering mechanisms, good agreement is obtained between simulation and experiment in the case of a device with an InGaAs channel. The effect of scaling the QW width is also investigated.
High-speed CH 2 O PLIF imaging in turbulent flames using a pulse-burst laser system

In this manuscript, we demonstrate high-speed (10-kHz-acquisition rate) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of formaldehyde (CH2O) in turbulent non-premixed flames. Using the unique pulse-burst laser system (PBLS) at Ohio State University, high-energy laser pulses (∼100 mJ/pulse) at 355 nm with 100 μs pulse separation are generated and used to measure the time-varying CH2O distributions in attached and lifted methane-based turbulent flames. By taking advantage of the tunable, narrow spectral linewidth of the PBLS at 355 nm, the laser output can be frequency-tuned and adjusted to overlap with absorption “peaks” within the tail of the A–X transition of CH2O near 355 nm, thus increasing the acquired signal by as much as a factor of three. The reported signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 55, which represents one of the highest SNR reported to date for kilohertz-rate imaging of scalars for comparable spatial resolution. Potential applications and pairings with other diagnostic approaches for high-speed reaction rate and multi-scalar imaging also are discussed.
The determinants of service offshoring: Does distance matter?

Abstract The importance of distance for international trade remains an unsettled issue. Innovations in information technology have reduced the costs of offshore outsourcing of services. However, empirical studies using the gravity model continue to demonstrate that distance is important for merchandise and service trade. We estimate a gravity model of the determinants of service trade. After we properly control for all non-transport trade costs, including information barriers, and multilateral resistance terms as suggested by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) , we show that the remaining influence of distance is negligible.
A Comparison of Immediate Postreduction Splinting Constructs for Controlling Initial Displacement of Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Prospective Randomized Study of Long-Arm Versus Short-Arm Splinting

Purpose To compare, in a prospective, randomized manner, the sugar tong splint with a short-arm radial gutter splint in terms of patient satisfaction and the ability to maintain reduction of distal radius fractures. Methods A total of 118 patients with displaced distal radius fractures were enrolled; 85 patients (85 fractures) were available for follow-up evaluation and were included in the study population. There were 26 men and 59 women with a mean age of 64 years. Thirty-eight fractures were immobilized in a short-arm radial gutter splint and 47 in a sugar tong splint. Forty fractures had a stable pattern and 45 had an unstable fracture pattern. The initial patient follow-up examination occurred a mean of 8 days after splint application. Results A total of 33 fractures showed loss of fracture reduction at the initial follow-up evaluation. Sixteen of 38 fractures immobilized with the radial gutter splint displaced, whereas displacement was seen in 17 of 47 fractures immobilized with a sugar tong splint; this difference was not significant. When the splint constructs were evaluated based on fracture stability no differences were found between the splints' ability to maintain fracture reduction in both stable and unstable displaced fractures. Patients in the short-arm radial gutter splint group had significantly better Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores than those patients whose fractures were immobilized with a sugar tong splint. Conclusions Both the sugar tong splint and the short-arm radial gutter splint had comparable performance in maintaining the initial reduction of distal radius fractures, with the short-arm splint tolerated better by patients. Based on our study we recommend the use of a short-arm radial gutter splint for initial immobilization of displaced distal radius fractures. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic, level II.
Bioeconomic analysis supports the endangered species act

The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) was enacted to protect and restore declining fish, wildlife, and plant populations. The ESA mandates endangered species protection irrespective of costs. This translates to the restriction of activities that harm endangered populations. We discuss criticisms of the ESA in the context of public land management and examine under what circumstance banning non-conservation activity on multiple use federal lands can be socially optimal. We develop a bioeconomic model to frame the species management problem under the ESA and identify scenarios where ESA-imposed regulations emerge as optimal strategies. Results suggest that banning harmful activities is a preferred strategy when valued endangered species are in decline or exposed to poor habitat quality. However, it is not optimal to sustain such a strategy in perpetuity. An optimal plan involves a switch to land-use practices characteristic of habitat conservation plans.
Dimensionality of military job satisfaction items: an exploratory factor analysis of data from the spring 1996 Sample Survey of Military Personnel.

The Sample Survey of Military Personnel in the spring of 1996 asked detailed questions of Army personnel about job satisfaction. Maximum likelihood factor analysis yielded four factors: satisfaction with supervision, with job environment, with the duty specifically, and with opportunity for development, factors similar to those used in Smith's Job Descriptive Index, 1992, Scales developed from these factors showed acceptable internal consistency reliability and correlated as expected with measures of satisfaction with Army life, retention, morale, combat preparedness, and overall job satisfaction. Some divergent validity was established with measures of personal/family stress and with previous job stress. Demographic data suggested that soldiers with higher education found more satisfying job opportunities while those with higher rank, more years of service, and higher age reported greater satisfaction with job fulfillment, perhaps a consequence of selection effects.
Emergy analysis of the Oak Openings region

Abstract This study examines an alternative to market valuation for determining worth through a case study of the Oak Openings region in Northwest Ohio, USA. Emergy analysis methods are explained, illustrated and used to tabulate environmental, cultural and economic subsystems of the region. The emergy yield ratio for the region at 1.57 suggests sustainability but is less than the findings of other researchers looking at environment-dominated systems. Its loading ratio at 15.2 indicates very high levels of stress—undeveloped and developing areas in the US typically exhibit loading ratios of between 1 and 5. The region’s emergy investment ratio at 2.3 is much more efficient than some urban areas with investment ratios as high as 26; but it still suggests less efficiency and greater reliance upon non-renewable resources than other studies of natural systems where investment ratios are less than one. The inclusion of cultural emergy analysis, which is still in its infancy, complicates the findings here reported. Questions regarding cultural emergy are considered.
Possession of hostility and accuracy of perception of it in others: a cross-sex replication.

Abstract Replicating an earlier study with men, four groups of college women (hostile-insightful, hostile-noninsightful, friendly-insightful, friendly-noninsightful) were evaluated for accuracy of judgments of hostility regarding their dormitory sisters. The normalized mean ranking was the criterion, and the mean discrepancy between S's judgments of her peers and the group assigned value constituted her inaccuracy score. Results duplicated the earlier study with the rank order from most to least accurate being friendly-insightful, friendly-noninsightful, hostile-insightful, and hostile-noninsightful. The chief factor was objective possession of hostility while insight and the self concept appeared to have little effect. Women appear to be more accurate in perception of other women than men are in perceiving other men.
Developing scientific applications using eclipse

To address these limitations, we extended Eclipse to support the integration of tools specific to scientific application development. We hope to establish a common and portable user interface across a wide range of parallel computing platforms, while still remaining agnostic to the actual back-end tools deployed. Compilers, linkers, job schedulers, debuggers, runtime systems, and performance analysis tools are likely to change across platforms, but the user interface should remain largely the same. Furthermore, because the infrastructure ensures tight tool integration, it can provide significant developer benefits by sharing data and functionality between tools.
Biframe bundle geometry and an extension of RMW theory: Application to a charged perfect fluid

An extension of the original Rainich-Misner-Wheeler (RMW) theorem to include Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes with geometrical sources has recently been accomplished by generalizing the geometrical arena from the linear frame bundleLM to the bundle of biframesL2M. The assumptions of a Riemannian connection one-form onLM and a general connection one-form onL2M necessarily implies the existence of a difference formK. We provide new algebraic and differential conditions on an arbitrary triple (M, g, K), in addition to those already imposed by the generalization of the RMW theorem, which guarantee the form of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell field equations associated with a charged perfect fluid spacetime. All physical quantities associated with these field equations, namely the Maxwell field strength, the mass-energy density, the pressure, the electric and magnetic charge to mass ratios, and the unit four velocity of the fluid, can be recovered from the geometry as they are constructible entirely from the metricg, the difference formK, and their derivatives.
Teaching Students to Serve Niche Audiences A Case Study in Spanish Language News

In an increasingly fragmented media landscape where “narrowcasting” is more often the norm, it is important to teach today's students how to best understand and serve niche audiences. This case study of a Spanish language radio newscast examines student-reported learning and content outcomes, to demonstrate the value of this type of experiential learning about niche audiences. Among the findings, students reported a heightened sense of awareness of topics that are relevant and suitable for their niche audience, and commented on the experiences or tools that best helped them to understand their audience and how to best serve these listeners.
Adult abnormalities resulting from a localized blastoderm defect in a maternal-effect mutant of Drosophila.

Abstract In the mutant mat(3)3 of Drosophila melanogaster , there is a temperature-sensitive maternal effect on blastoderm formation. When oogenesis occurs in homozygous mat(3)3 females at the fully restrictive temperature of 29°C, the embryonic progeny form a defective cellular blastoderm in which cells are either completely or partially missing from a posterior-dorsal region, and the embryos die before hatching. Transplantation tests for the presence in the embryos of primordial imaginal cells capable of developing into adult structures showed a relatively high yield of eye and antenna structures, an intermediate yield of labium structures, and low or zero yields of wing, haltere, and leg structures. These results are consistent with the fate mapping of the primordial imaginal cells by analysis of gynandromorph mosaics; the eye and antenna map in the fully cellular region of the mutant blastoderm, the labium near the border of the defective region, and the wing, haltere, and legs within the defective region. When oogenesis oocurs at a lower temperature, the lethal maternal effect in mat(3)3 is reversed, but there is a nonlethal effect on larval and adult progeny of the mat(3)3 females. Many of the adults are missing one or more cuticular structures, usually a leg, haltere, or abdominal segment, and many of the larvae are missing the corresponding imaginal discs from which the thoracic structures are derived. These selective effects on imaginal development appear to be caused by maternally induced blastoderm defects that are less extensive at the lower temperature of oogenesis.
Development of IDEA product for GOES-R aerosol data

The NOAA GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) will have nearly the same capabilities as NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to generate multi-wavelength retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can be used as a surrogate of surface particulate measurements such as PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 μm). To prepare for the launch of GOES-R and its application in the air quality forecasting, we have transferred and enhanced the Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications (IDEA) product from University of Wisconsin to NOAA NESDIS. IDEA was created through a NASA/EPA/NOAA cooperative effort. The enhanced IDEA product provides near-real-time imagery of AOD derived from multiple satellite sensors including MODIS Terra, MODIS Aqua, GOES EAST and GOES WEST imager. Air quality forecast guidance is produced through a trajectory model initiated at locations with high AOD retrievals and/or high aerosol index (AI) from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument). The product is currently running at http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/spb/aq/. The IDEA system will be tested using the GOES-R ABI proxy dataset, and will be ready to operate with GOES-R aerosol data when GOES-R is launched.
Dead work: The construction and reconstruction of the Harlan Miners Memorial

In 1986, the Harlan County Jaycees club erected a monument to honor over 1300 local coal miners who had lost their lives on the job. In 1991, the Harlan County Fiscal Court demolished the original memorial and erected a new one on the same site. The following ethnographic account, based upon nine months of participant-observation research and interviews conducted with memorial sponsors, describes the events surrounding the construction and reconstruction of this memorial. The Harlan Miners Memorial, it is argued here, provides insight into the interplay between conflict and consensus which undergirds commemoration, generally. The author concludes that neither the Durkheimian perspective, which emphasizes social consensus and the collective conscience, nor the Marxian perspective, which highlights class conflict and ideological domination, adequately addresses the complex political dynamics and repercussions of this memorial.
Effects of climatic variability on the hydrologic response of a freshwater watershed

A generalized watershed model was used to evaluate the effects of global climate changes on the hydrologic responses of freshwater ecosystems. The Enhanced Trickle Down (ETD) model was applied to W-3 watershed located near Danville, Vermont. Eight years of field data was used to perform model calibration and verification and the results were presented in Nikolaidis et al., (1993). Results from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation models which simulated the doubling of present day atmospheric CO2 scenarios were used to perform the hydrologic simulations for the W-3 watershed. The results indicate that the W-3 watershed will experience increases in annual evapotranspiration and decreases in annual outflow and soil moisture. Stochastic models that simulate collective statistical properties of meteorological time series were developed to generate data to drive the ETD model in a Monte-Carlo fashion for quantification of the uncertainty in the model predictions due to input time series. This coupled deterministic and stochastic model was used to generate probable scenarios of future hydrology of the W-3 watershed. The predicted evapotranspiration and soil moisture under doubling present day atmospheric CO2 scenarios exceed the present day uncertainty due to input time series by a factor greater than 2. The results indicate that the hydrologic response of the W-3 watershed will be significantly different than its present day response. The Enhanced Trickle Down model can be used to evaluate land surface feedbacks and assessing water quantity management in the event of climate change.
Fluoride ion as an NMR relaxation probe of galactose oxidase—substrate binding

From the dependence on substrate concentration of fluoride ion spin-lattice and spin-spin paramagnetic relaxation rate enhancements, a value for the dissociation constant, Kd = 0.059 +/0 0.002 M, for the anaerobic binding of dihydroxyacetone (monomer) to the Cu(II) site of the enzyme galactose oxidase (D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.9) has been obtained. This value for Kd lies between previously reported values for Km derived by use of classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. An analogous calculation for the anaerobic binding of galactose to the enzyme yields Kd = 0.145 +/- 0.004 M, a value different from several reported Michaelis constants. F- NMR relaxation measurements on air-exposed samples of galactose and the enzyme yield a dissociation constant for the active site-oxidation product (presumed to be galactohexodialdose), Kd = 2.2 +/- 0.2 M, a value at least an order of magnitude larger than the Michaelis or dissociation constants calculated for the binding of galactose to the enzyme active site; no value for this constant had been reported previously. Some implications of the competition results for the type of substrate binding are discussed.
Learning video preferences from video content

Viewers of video now have more choices than ever. As the number of choices increases, the task of searching through these choices to locate video of interest is becoming more difficult. Current methods for learning a viewer's preferences in order to automate the search process rely either on video having content descriptions or on having been rated by other viewers identified as being similar. However, much video exists that does not meet these requirements. To address this need, we use hidden Markov models to learn the preferences of a viewer by combining visual features and closed captions. Results are provided from some initial experiments using this approach.
Observations on the taste reactions in pigs.

Abstract Using 38 individually tested pigs it has been demonstrated that substantial individual variation exists in their behavioural reaction to saccharin solutions. Further, the recorded taste reaction to saccharin was neither related to the taste response of the pig to other compounds nor substantially influenced by the prior taste experience. The pig, while displaying considerable individual variation, exhibits a preference behaviour for sugars described as sweet by man. However, the responses to specific compounds suggests differences in degree between individuals and absolute differences among species.
HIV/AIDS Education for Students with Special Needs:

Examines how special educators can impact the spread of AIDS through appropriate and effective teaching
Antibiotic Levels in the Serum and Tissues of Chickens Following Various Therapeutic Dosages

ABSTRACT ANTIBIOTICS that can be used in the treatment and/or control of certain poultry diseases have proved to be potent weapons. Despite the fact that large quantities of these medicants have been and are being used, there is relatively little information on the amounts of antibiotic which are detectable in the serum and tissues of treated birds. This experiment was designed to ascertain some of these data. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the start of these experiments, various methods were tested for their efficiency in the determination of antibiotic levels in blood serum. The standard method of analysis as described by the Food and Drug Administration (1953), the turbidometric method of Joslyn (1944), and the punch method of Smith (1954), were each given laboratory trials and consideration as the test of choice. The method of assay described by the Food and Drug Administration was discarded because of the discrepancy between samples due . . .
A multi-center investigation of neurobehavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury

Outcome of 295 rehabilitation patients with mild, moderate, and severe brain injury was investigated prospectively at five regional medical centers using the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale. Mean factor scale scores were generally low. with the cognition mean highest and the excitement mean lowest. Regardless of scale, the most significant neurobehavioral difficulties were related to memory, insight, attention, alertness, fatigue, and blunted affect. Conversely, problems rated as least severe included hallucinations, guilt, excitement and lability of mood. Approxi­ mately 9% of the sample had at least a moderate problem with agitation, an item on the excitement scale. The general pattern of mean factor scale elevations was consistent with other studies. No relationship was found between injury severity and neurobehavioral characteristics. The relatively low incidence of neurobehavioral problems may reflect recovery and effective interdisciplinary management.