cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Das Gupta: Refinement and Extension of Standardization and Decomposition

Standardization and decomposition are established and widely used demographic techniques for comparing rates and means between groups with differences in composition. The difference in rates and means has heretofore been resolved in terms of the contribution of variables to compositional effects for each variable and an overall rate effect. This study demonstrates that the resolution of differences is attainable at the categorical level for both compositional effects and rate effects. Refinements to Das Gupta’s equations yield a complete decomposition because of the additivity of categorical compositional and rate effects. Other refinements allow the decomposition of polytomous variables. Extensions to the method provide for the decomposition of the standard deviation and the multivariate index of dissimilarity.
Volumetric EBCT imaging of the vocal tract applied to male falsetto singing

As part of an analysis by synthesis approach to studying vocal intensity control in falsetto register, volumetric imaging of the vocal tract (the upper airway from the glottis to the lips) using electron beam computed tomography was performed on a classically trained singer, a countertenor, who uses a falsetto singing technique. Eight pitch and loudness conditions were imaged, a subset of which will be presented here. Each set of scans consisted of contiguous 3 mm axial `slices' encompassing the arch of the hard palate superiorly and the first tracheal ring inferiorly. Images were analyzed in three stages: image segmentation, 3D airway reconstruction and airway measurement. The vocal tract airway was segmented from surrounding tissue by assigning airway voxels a unique gray scale value. Reconstruction of the vocal tract in three dimensions was accomplished using shape based interpolation on the segmented images. Cross-sectional areas and vocal tract length were acquired from shape based interpolated data. Vocal tract area functions derived from these measurements were used to simulate the subject's phonations, which in turn allowed estimation of glottal and supraglottal contributions to vocal intensity.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
After-School Program Impact on Physical Activity and Fitness: A Meta-Analysis

Context: The majority of children do not participate in sufficient amounts of daily, health-enhancing physical activity. One strategy to increase activity is to promote it within the after-school setting. Although promising, the effectiveness of this strategy is unclear. A systematic review was performed summarizing the research conducted to date regarding the effectiveness of after-school programs in increasing physical activity. Evidence acquisition: Databases, journals, and review articles were searched for articles published between 1980 and February 2008. Meta-analysis was conducted during July of 2008. Included articles had the following characteristics: findings specific to an after-school intervention in the school setting; subjects aged 18 years; an intervention component designed to promote physical activity; outcome measures of physical activity, related constructs, and/or physical fitness. Study outcomes were distilled into six domains: physical activity, physical fitness, body composition, blood lipids, psychosocial constructs, and sedentary activities. Effect sizes (Hedge’s g) were calculated within and across studies for each domain, separately. Evidence synthesis: Of the 797 articles found, 13 unique articles describing findings from 11 after-school interventions were reviewed. Although physical activity was a primary component of all the tested interventions, only eight studies measured physical activity. From the six domains, positive effect sizes were demonstrated for physical activity (0.44 [95% CI0.28‐0.60]); physical fitness (0.16 [95% CI0.01‐0.30]); body composition (0.07 [95% CI0.03‐ 0.12]); and blood lipids (0.20 [95% CI0.06‐0.33]). Conclusions: The limited evidence suggests that after-school programs can improve physical activity levels and other health-related aspects. Additional studies are required that provide greater attention to theoretical rationale, levels of implementation, and measures of physical activity within and outside the intervention. (Am J Prev Med 2009;xx(x):xxx) © 2009 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
A comparative circular dichroism study of relaxin and insulin.

Abstract The far UV CD spectra of insulin and relaxin have been compared and shown to possess essentially similar features. Where differences occur, such as in the 222 nm band, they can be attributed to the tendency of insulin to form dimers. The ratio of the 195/206 bands is 1.54 for porcine relaxin and thus intermediate between the value of 0.79 for insulin of hystricomorphs and 2.05 for porcine insulin. Comparison of porcine relaxin with desAsn-desAla insulin suggests that the relaxin structure is similar to the structure of insulin in solution and thus compatible with the models previously constructed on the insulin coordinates.
Open charm production in an equilibrating parton plasma

Open charm production during the equilibration of a gluon dominated parton plasma is calculated, with both the time-dependent temperature and parton densities given by a set of rate equations. Including prethermal production, the total enhancement of open charm production over the initial gluon fusion depends sensitively on the initial parton density and the effective temperature. The dependence of the prethermal charm production on the space-momentum correlation in the initial parton phase-space distribution is also discussed.
Reasons for Functional Decline Despite Reductions in Knee Pain: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study

Background The majority of interventions for knee osteoarthritis aim to reduce knee pain with the assumption that improvements in function will automatically follow. However, this assumption is not universally true, and a paradoxical decline in function is not uncommon following reduction in knee pain. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine what factors beyond knee pain are important for functional decline among people with reductions in knee pain. Design This was an observational cohort study. Methods The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) is a National Institutes of Health–funded longitudinal study of people who have or are at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. This study included individuals who had a meaningful reduction in pain in either knee over 30 months, defined as a 41% decrease in visual analog scale pain score with an absolute decrease of ≥20/100. Meaningful decline in walking speed was defined as a decrease of 0.1 m/s during a 20-m walk. To examine the association of risk factors with meaningful decline in walking speed, risk ratios were calculated and adjusted for potential confounders. Results Of the 465 people with a meaningful reduction in knee pain (mean [SD] age=63.3 [7.8] years, 67% female, 82% Caucasian, mean [SD] body mass index=31.3 [6.3] kg/m2), 20% had a meaningful decline in walking speed. Adjusting for confounders, participants with new comorbidity and those with widespread pain had 1.8 and 1.7 times the risk of decline compared with their counterparts with no comorbidity or widespread pain (adjusted risk ratio=1.8 [95% confidence interval=1.1–3.0] and 1.7 [95% confidence interval=1.1–2.8], respectively). Limitations Generalizability is limited to people with a reduction in knee pain. Conclusions Reductions in knee pain are not always accompanied by improvements in walking speed. Health providers should consider that the onset of new comorbidity and presence of widespread pain may increase the risk of functional decline despite a reduction in knee pain.
A Patient Self-Disclosure Instrument

Four studies in which a patient self-disclosure questionnaire was developed and tested are reported. The instrument was designed to include only content judged by both patients and clinicians as important. Three areas of patient difficulty in disclosing to a health care provider were measured: personal problems and feelings, responses to health care, and life style. Patient difficulty in disclosure was assessed by 21 7-point rating scales, 7 for each disclosure area; ratings were summed to obtain scores. A correlation matrix of the ratings of 216 patients was subjected to a three-factor principal components analysis with varimax rotation; the solution accounted for 59% of the total variance. High internal consistency and test re-test reliability for the total scale and subscales were obtained; Cronbach's alpha .82-.83, n = 214; r = .81-.87, n = 66. In separate tests of construct validity patient self-disclosure was shown to be influenced by locus of control and perception of clinician empathy, and to covary with heart rate changes.
Extracting discontinuities in early vision with networks of resonant tunneling diodes

Discusses the application of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) to the extraction of spatial discontinuities in early vision systems. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of a RTD was used to approximate that of a resistive fuse element, which has been previously shown to be useful in spatial feature extraction networks. The resulting element, vertically integrated into a lithography plane for maximal density, is a true two-terminal device with no common-mode limitations and has transition times on the order of a picosecond. This technology offers the potential of extremely high pixel densities with rapid dynamic settling times. A prototype implementation and extensions to the single RTD fuse are considered. >
Postvaccinial encephalomyelitis without cutaneous vaccination reaction

A 5-year-old girl developed a progressive febrile neurological illness consisting of right focal seizures, right hemiparesis, and stupor evolving over a period of six weeks. During the month preceding the onset of her illness she had received two apparently unsuccessful smallpox vaccinations without a skin lesion. Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin and findings on brain biopsy were consistent with postinfectious encephalitis, and a simultaneous increase in serum vacinia antibody titer suggested that the illness was postvaccinial encephalitis. Clinically, the child developed a severe extrapyramidal movement disorder during the acute phase followed by nine months of stuporous unresponsiveness, yet subsequently made a substantial recovery.
Phasor diagram analysis of millimeter-wave HEMT mixers

A phasor diagram method is developed based on an analytic approach for conversion gain evaluation in HEMT mixers. The analytical expressions derived in this work take into account the mixing terms of nonlinear elements and provide a simple method to evaluate the conversion gain. The phasor diagram analysis offers physical insight into the mixing mechanisms and identifies the role of each harmonic of the nonlinear elements of HEMT's on the conversion gain. The method is validated with the experimental data of W-band monolithic InP-based HEMT mixers. >
Secreted factor(s) from young cells restores susceptibility to cell death in senescent myofibroblasts

Abstract. Despite the increased incidence of fibrotic diseases with advancing age, little is known about the role of aging in these pathologies. Recent studies have proposed that senescence is an anti-fibrotic mechanism that promotes fibrosis resolution through apoptotic clearance of senescent cells. However, all of these studies were performed using young mice. It is not known whether the fate of senescent cells is altered in the context of aging. Here, lung myofibroblasts were isolated from young (2 month) and aged (20 month) mice, and cells were cultured ex vivo. Cells were treated with apoptotic stimuli and cellular viability was assessed. Senescent myofibroblasts exhibited increased resistance to cell death as compared to myofibroblasts isolated from young mice. Secreted factors from young myofibroblasts restored susceptibility of senescent myofibroblasts to cell death. These findings challenge the concept of cellular senescence as an anti-fibrotic mechanism and offer proof-of-concept that the fate o...
JIGSAW: THE ISIS3 BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS) package was developed by the Astrogeology Science Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in the late 1980s for the cartographic and scientific processing of planetary image data. Initial support was implemented for the Galileo NIMS instrument. Constantly evolving, ISIS has since added support for numerous missions, including most recently the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, MESSENGER, and Dawn missions, plus support for the Metric Cameras flown onboard Apollo 15, 16, and 17. To address the challenges posed by extraterrestrial photogrammetry, the ISIS3 bundle adjustment module, jigsaw , is evolving as well. Here, we report on the current state of jigsaw including improvements such as the implementation of sparse matrix methods, parameter weighting, error propagation, and automated robust outlier detection. Details from the recent processing of Apollo Metric Camera images and from recent missions such as LRO and MESSENGER are given. Finally, we outline future plans for jigsaw , including the implementation of sequential estimation; free network adjustment; augmentation of the functional model of the bundle adjustment to solve for camera interior orientation parameters and target body parameters of shape, spin axis position, and spin rate; the modeling of jitter in line scan sensors; and the combined adjustment of images from a variety of platforms.
An incentive-based architecture for social recommendations

We present an incentive-based architecture for providing recommendations in a social network. We maintain a distinct reputation system for each individual and we rely on users to identify appropriate correlations and rate the items using a system-provided recommendation language. The key idea is to design an incentive structure and a ranking system such that any inaccuracy in the recommendations implies the existence of a profitable arbitrage opportunity, hence making the system resistant to malicious spam and presentation bias. We also show that, under mild assumptions, our architecture provides users with incentive to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the ratings and the actual item qualities, quickly driving the system to an equilibrium state with accurate recommendations.
Cavity door effects on aerodynamic loads of stores separating from cavities

A wind-tunnel investigation was conducted to determine the effects of cavity doors on the aerodynamic characteristics of compressed-ca rriage store configurations during separation from a shallow box cavity. The tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at freestream Mach numbers of 1.70,2.00, and 2.65 for a constant Reynolds number/ft of 2.00X106. Results are summarized to show the effects of door opening angles and vertical height, folded and unfolded tail fins, and Mach number on the near-field aerodynamic separation characteristics of a single missile-type store with in-line cruciform wings and tail fins.
Influences on Consumer Adoption of Herbal Therapies

Objectives This study used Rogers’ model of adoption of innovation to investigate consumers’ adoption of herbal therapies.
Unsupervised Adaptive Neural-Network Control of Complex Mechanical Systems

Unsupervised adaptive control strategies based on neural-networks are presented. The tasks are performed by two independent networks which act as the plant identifier and the system controller. A new learning algorithm using information embedded in the identifier to modify the action of the controller has been developed. Simulation results are presented showing that this system can learn to stabilize a difficult benchmark control problem, the inverted pendulum, without requiring any external supervision.
Association Between Postoperative Complications and Clinical Cancer Outcomes

Introduction. The treatment for a majority of solid organ tumors is surgical resection; 10–20 % of patients suffer a perioperative complication. Perioperative complications may contribute to cancer recurrence. This study examined the relationship between postoperative complications and risk-adjusted patient overall survival. Methods. Data from 2003 to 2009 were linked from our clinical cancer registry, the National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP), and medical records. Patients who had tumor extirpation for cure were included. The NSQIP was used to identify complications. Patients with a complication were matched to patients without a complication. v 2 tests and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used. Results. A total of 415 patients were included for survival analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality associated with having a complication was 2.17. The HR for mortality after 200 days postoperatively was 2.47. Infectious complications were associated with the highest association with increased mortality (HR = 3.56). Noninfectious complications were not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions. This study investigated the relationship of surgical infectious complications in cancer patients with long-term survival for patients who had a number of different types of cancer. After taking into account the site, histology, and stage of the cancer, we found that patients with infectious complications had earlier death.
Immune Activation and Suppression by Group B Streptococcus in a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a common commensal of the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa and a leading cause of serious infections in newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. GBS also causes infections of the urinary tract. However, little is known about host responses to GBS urinary tract infection (UTI) or GBS virulence factors that participate in UTI. Here we describe a novel murine model of GBS UTI that may explain some features of GBS urinary tract association in the human host. We observed high titers and heightened histological signs of inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in the GBS-infected kidney. However, extensive inflammation and leukocyte recruitment were not observed in the bladder, suggesting that GBS may suppress bladder inflammation during cystitis. Acute GBS infection induced the localized expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, and IL-9, as well as IL-10, more commonly considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Using isogenic GBS strains with different capsule structures, we show that capsular sialic acid residues contribute to GBS urinary tract pathogenesis, while high levels of sialic acid O-acetylation attenuate GBS pathogenesis in the setting of UTI, particularly in direct competition experiments. In vitro studies demonstrated that GBS sialic acids participate in the suppression of murine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) bactericidal activities, in addition to reducing levels of IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and KC produced by PMNs. These studies define several basic molecular and cellular events characterizing GBS UTI in an animal model, showing that GBS participates simultaneously in the activation and suppression of host immune responses in the urinary tract.
Blind Estimation and Compensation of Frequency-Flat I/Q Imbalance Using Cyclostationarity

I/Q imbalance is one of the major concerns in the design of direct-conversion front-end receivers in high data rate wireless networks. To address the challenge, various I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation algorithms have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a blind cyclostationary based estimation and compensation of frequency-flat I/Q imbalance. The proposed blind estimation algorithm uses second-order statistics to compensate I/Q imbalance without estimating the mismatch parameters and is an unbiased estimator when a DC offset exists at the receiver. The performance of our approach is evaluated and compared to other existing blind I/Q imbalance estimation algorithms.
The Yolngu and Cultural Relativism: A Response to Reser

Understanding: Epistemology in Anthropology. F. S. C. Northrop and Helen H. Livingston, eds. pp. 308-336. New York: Harper & Row. Cole, Michael and Sylvia Scribner 1974 Culture and Thought: A Psychological Introduction. Sydney: John Wiley. Freedman, Daniel G., and Marilyn M. DeBoer 1979 Biological and Cultural Differences in Early Child Development. Annual Review of Anthropology 8:579-600. Hamilton, A. 1970 Nature and Nurture: Child Rearing in North-Central Arnhem Land. M.A. thes-
The Art of Not Being Quite So Governed: An Examination of the Work of the “Critical” Journal

Michel Foucault in his lecture “What is Critique?” argues that criticism offered a response to the state's developing art of governing in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Instead of accepting the state's way of governing, critics presented alternative visions of not being quite so governed or of not being governed thusly. Similarly, in the latter half of the twentieth century, factions within academic disciplines also rejected their disciplines' mode of governing and created alternatives. In response to the desire to make political science more relevant and visible, the Caucus for a New Political Science formed as an alternative to the American Political Science Association. A similar trend occurred in other disciplines. Over the next few decades a number of academic journals were founded that included the word “critical” in their titles or explicitly stated a “critical” aim or approach. However, even dissenting academic groups, like the Caucus for a New Political Science, began to be reabsorbed wit...
Vapor Analysis of Fermented Spanish‐type Green Olives by Gas Chromatography

SUMMARY: Five major components were detected gas chromatographically in the head-space vapor (HSV) of Spanish-type green olives fermented by pure cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus cerevisiae and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Three of these compounds were identified as acetaldehyde, methyl sulfide, and ethanol. The same compounds were present in unfermented olives but in different amounts. Olives that had undergone a natural fermentation contained the above five compounds, and, in addition, a varying number of other compounds. These results indicated that HSV analysis may be a rapid method for detecting volatile end products resulting from the metabolism of various microorganisms. A high ethanol content was found in olive brines that contained a predominance of yeasts. Abnormal fermentations gave unique HSV profiles, one of which indicated a high level of 2-butanol. Methyl sulfide was found to be a major odor component of fermented as well as unfermented olives. Acetaldehyde and ethanol contributed secondarily to the odor. Primary contributions of fermentation by the above lactic acid bacteria to the flavor of olives were: (1) production of a desirable level of acidity, and (2) utilization of fermentable sugars to the exclusion of microorganisms which produce metabolic end products with undesirable flavor characteristics.
Impact of assembly, testing and launch operations on the airborne bacterial diversity within a spacecraft assembly facility clean-room

In an effort to minimize the probability of forward contamination of pristine extraterrestrial environments, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration requires that all US robotic spacecraft undergo assembly, testing and launch operations (ATLO) in controlled clean-room environments. This study examines the impact of ATLO activity on the microbial diversity and overall bioburden contained within the air of the clean-room facility in which the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) underwent final preparations for launch. Air samples were collected from several facility locations and traditional culture-based and molecular methodologies were used to measure microbial burden and diversity. Surprisingly, the greatest estimates of airborne bioburden, as derived from ATP content and cultivation assays, were observed prior to the commencement of MER ATLO activities. Furthermore, airborne microbial diversity gradually declined from the initiation of ATLO on through to launch. Proteobacterial sequences were common in 16S rDNA clone libraries. Conspicuously absent were members of the Firmicutes phylum, which includes the genus Bacillus. In previous studies, species of this genus were repeatedly isolated from the surfaces of spacecraft and clean-room assembly facilities. Increased cleaning and maintenance initiated immediately prior to the start of ATLO activity could explain the observed declines in both airborne bioburden and microbial diversity.
Multiple timescales PIA for cooperative reinforcement learning based on MDP model

This paper describes a new method of dynamic programming (DP) based multiagent reinforcement learning in Markov decision process (MDP) model. It is difficult for agents to learn cooperative actions among agents properly in multiagent because they may change each policy in same time. To solve this problem, each agent should learn in different time for each policy improvement. Therefore, we propose multiple timescales policy improvement method. We show comparative experiments between multiple timescales policy improvement and exclusive policy improvement. As a result, our methods reduced the search costs for the optimal common-payoff Nash solution.
PC-based volume rendering for medical visualisation and augmented reality based surgical navigation

We describe a generic software architecture for stereoscopic augmented reality microsurgery, built upon a general framework for volume rendering based 3D visualisation. The software is called ARView and allows the user to perform the standard procedures for stereoscopic augmented reality surgical navigation: calibration of a visualisation device; registration of pre-operatively and intra-operatively acquired patient image data; overlaying with either volume or surface rendered (segmented) data using different methodologies; and tracking of moving objects in the surgical scene.
Relating D0-anti-D0 Mixing and D0 ---> l+ l- with New Physics

We point out how, in certain models of New Physics, the same combination of couplings occurs in the amplitudes for both D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing and the rare decays D{sup 0} {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -}. If the New Physics dominates and is responsible for the observed mixing, then a very simple correlation exists between the magnitudes of each; in fact the rates for the decay D{sup 0} {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} are completely fixed by the mixing. Observation of D{sup 0} {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} in excess of the Standard Model prediction could identify New Physics contributions to D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing.
Total Lightning Observations with the New and Improved Los Alamos Sferic Array (LASA)

Abstract Since 1998, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has deployed an array of fast electric field change sensors in New Mexico and Florida in support of LANL’s satellite lightning observations. In April 2004, all the sensors were significantly upgraded and improved, and a new array was deployed in north-central Florida. This paper describes the operations of the new array and reports the first 12 months of lightning observations. The new array is about 10 times more sensitive than the previous one and can capture millions of discharge events during a stormy day in Florida. In this paper, the array’s lightning location accuracy, minimum detectable peak current, and ratio of intracloud-to-cloud-to-ground flashes are analyzed. Some case studies that illustrate the storm evolution, lightning classification, and radar comparisons are presented. A new three-dimensional capability of the array is demonstrated.
Noninfectious aortitis and ascending aneurysms: The tip of the iceberg.

You are operating on a 66-year-old man with a 6.2-cm ascending aneurysm that extends into the arch. He has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, peripheral vascular disease, and is a former smoker with 2-vessel coronary disease and severe aortic insufficiency with preserved ventricular function. The aorta appears atherosclerotic, consistent with the patient’s age and comorbid conditions. You replace the aorta, including the proximal arch, and perform aortic valve replacement and a double bypass operation. The patient does well and is discharged uneventfully. In preparation for a postoperative visit you review the pathology report and are surprised by a diagnosis of noninfectious aortitis. Now what? In this issue of the Journal, Fujimoto and colleagues 1 provide long-term follow-up data on the Mayo Clinic’s 57-year experience with repairing ascending aneurysms in patients with noninfectious aortitis. Just as the visible tip giveslittle indication of the size, shape, and danger of a submerged iceberg, so is the superficial similarity between a patient with an atherosclerotic aneurysm and aneurysm secondary to aortitis. Patients with aortitis are more likely to be women with larger aneurysms but are otherwise indistinguishable from their counterparts with atherosclerosis. Although asmallpercentage mayhaveahistoryoftemporal arteritis, Takayasu’s disease, or an autoimmune disorder, <20% have ever had an inflammatory illness. Acutephase reactants such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level are rarely elevated. Whereas nearly 10% of ascending aneurysms are inflammatory in nature, the gross appearance at the time of surgery is quite similar to a generic atherosclerotic aneurysm. Less-extensive aneurysmectomy may seem justified. However, 72% of patients with aortitis have significant vascular abnormalities beyond the ascending aorta. 2 The diffuse nature of this inflammatory process led these experienced surgeons to perform arch reconstruction in nearly half of their patients, a4 0% increase in the incidence of significant arch dilation when compared to patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms. Not surprisingly, 28% of these arch resections required either concomitant descending aneurysm repair or an
A Tangled Web: Evaluating the Impact of Displaying Fraudulent Reviews

The growing interest in social media for legitimate promotion has been accompanied by an increasing number of fraudulent reviews. Beyond fraud detection, little is known about what review portals should do with fraudulent reviews after detecting them. In this paper, we study how consumers respond to potentially fraudulent reviews and how review portals can leverage such knowledge to design better fraud management policies. To do so, we combine randomized experiments with statistical learning using large-scale archival data from Yelp. Our experiments show that consumers tend to expand the variety of their choice set during product search and to increase their trust towards the review portal when it displays fraudulent reviews along with non-fraudulent reviews, rather than censor fraudulent information. Finally, our archival analysis using a Maximum Likelihood Estimation method allows us to design a novel fraud-awareness reputation system that platforms can deploy to better improve consumer trust and decision making. Displaying Fraudulent Reviews
Effects of Mechanics of Flow on Corrosion

Conflicting corrosion data has shown velocity of fluid flow under many conditions to be inadequate as a corrosion parameter. This paper presents fundamental hydraulic concepts as applied to corrosion and the rate of transfer of interacting chemicals in flow over plates, rotating disks and through pipes.
The Relationship of Marine Stratus Clouds to Wind and Temperature Advection

Abstract We have studied the changes in marine stratocumulus cloud cover observed during the FIRF, Program and how cloud cover related to synoptic conditions. Statistical analyses of the 21 day FIRE period show that marine stratocumulus cloud cover over the eastern Pacific ocean was related to wind direction and temperature advection. Good coorelations were found between the cloud cover fraction observed on satellite imagery and the NMC Global Spectral Model analyses of surface winds and temperature advection. This comparison was made in even locations in the Eastern Pacific. Regional differences were found between the area of FIRE operations several hundred kilometers west of San Diego and the other oceanic areas studied.
Attitudes, knowledge, and behavior before and after an undergraduate health and lifestyle course.

Abstract “Marital and Family Therapy for Troubled Physicians and Their Families: A Bridge over Troubled Waters,” Ira D. Glick, et al. Because individual therapy for troubled physicians has been notoriously difficult and often ineffective, we report our experience using a treatment—marital therapy—newly applied to such problems in the medical community. The sample involved 13 male physicians and their spouses with emotional difficulties in themselves and/or their relationships. After marital treatment, there was substantial improvement in more than 92% (12/13) of the physicians, their spouses, and/or their marital relationships. (Journal of the American Medical Association 1984;251:1855–1858.)
Critical Evaluation of Thermodynamic Data — A Research Activity

The principles underlying the thermodynamic data are described, technology in both data evaluation is described. critical evaluation of The role of modern computer and the creation of data bases is described.
The ability of hypothalamic extracts to lower blood prolactin levels in lactating rats.

Summary(1) Ultrafiltrates of partially purified rat hypothalamic extract were capable of inhibiting prolactin release in vitro. (2) These same extracts at a higher dose partially prevented the suckling-induced rise in blood prolactin concentration and lowered the already elevated levels present in suckling rats. (3) The in vivo response to hypothalamic extracts was of short duration and had disappeared within 45 min of the injection. (4) Under these conditions, similarly prepared cortical extracts or oxytocin in doses higher than those found in the extracts had no effect. (5) It is concluded that partially purified hypothalamic extracts from the rat contain a prolactin-inhibiting factor.
A comparison of seasonal and annual mortality for both sexes of fifteen species of common British birds

The survival rates and mortality causes of both sexes of fifteen species of common British birds are empirically quantified and compared using ringing data collected by the British Trust for Ornithology. In the majority of species no significant differences are discernible between the survival of males and females, and differences in survival between species are much larger than differences between the two sexes of the same species. An analysis of the seasonal patterns of recovery for several species suggests that the breeding season and the winter are the two periods of high mortality for both male and female birds. These results are discussed in terms of recent work on reproductive strategies in birds and mammals.
Three-dimensional organization of chromosomes of Crepis capillaris by optical tomography

The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromosomes of Crepis capillaris (2n = 6) has been investigated. Root tips were fixed, macerated with enzymes and gently separated without squashing. The cells were then stained with DAPI and optically sectioned under computer control. Sections were stored as video images and processed to remove noise and out-of-focus information. Computer modelling was then used to trace the paths of each chromosome and to display the paths as a 3D wire diagram. In all, 88 sets of anaphase chromosomes were modelled from 47 optically sectioned cells. The models and the coordinates of the chromosomes were then analysed to detect non-random arrangements or preferential associations of particular pairs of chromosomes. The methods used have significant advantages over electron microscope tomography for the analysis of 3D chromosome arrangement; in particular, the large number of samples allowed more thorough statistical tests to be performed on the data obtained. No evidence was found for either non-random arrangements or homologous association and, moreover, the distances between the two larger pairs of homologues were larger than for other pairs of chromosomes. These results conflict with previous results for this and other plant species where the material was squashed before measurements were taken. We found no evidence of haploid genome separation.
Extra Corporal Membrane Oxygenation and Extracorporeal Life Support

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal life support are the techniques, procedures, and encompassing care in providing oxygenation and the removal of CO2 through an external circuit in patients who require complete pulmonary or cardiopulmonary support. ECMO has historically been used in neonates who require similar support, but recently has been used more frequently in adults when conventional modalities are failing or as a bridge to transplant.
Abstract 2670: Non-metabolic function of asparagine in regulating global protein translation

Cancer cells rely on extracellular glutamine for growth and survival. Previously, we showed that asparagine, a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized de novo from glutamine, is both necessary and sufficient for glutamine-dependent cell survival. In addition, asparagine synthetase (ASNS) expression positively correlates with the progression of the disease in human glioma patients, suggesting a critical role of asparagine during tumor progression. Interestingly, mammalian cells cannot catabolize asparagine for use as either a nitrogen source or a bioenergetic substrate, potentially due to the loss of asparaginase activity during evolution. Ectopic expression of yeast or zebrafish asparaginase restores the capacity of mammalian cells to utilize asparagine as both bioenergetic and biosynthetic substrates to support cell growth. Furthermore, asparagine restores translation of fast-turn-over proteins under glutamine starvation. Together, the data suggests that asparagine has been evolved to be a metabolic reserve to regulate cellular adaptation to nonessential amino acid limitation in mammalian cells and is therefore a potential target for cancer therapy. Citation Format: Ji Zhang, Natalya Pavlova, Richard White, Craig Thompson. Non-metabolic function of asparagine in regulating global protein translation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2670.
Psychological Screening Program Overview

This article reviews the literature on health surveillance conducted during military deployments, focusing on models for assessing the impact of operational deployments on peacekeepers. A discussion of the stressors and potential mental health consequences of peacekeeping operations follows with relevant examples of findings from U.S. and international military forces. Psychological screening in different peacekeeping operations conducted in U.S. Army-Europe is reviewed. The review begins with the redeployment screening of military personnel deployed to Bosnia mandated under the Joint Medical Surveillance Program, and continues through the present screening of units deployed to Kosovo. The detailed description of the screening program includes a discussion of procedures and measures and demonstrates the evolution of the program. A summary of key findings from the screening program and a discussion of future research directions are provided.
Dysphagia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy: Evaluation of risk factors and assessment of endoscopic intervention

Dysphagia after vertical sleeve gastrectomy: Evaluation of risk factors and assessment of endoscopic intervention
Representations of modality-general valence for videos and music derived from fMRI data

This study tested for neural representations of valence that are shared across visual and auditory modalities referred to as modality-general representations. On a given trial participants made either affective or semantic judgments of short silent videos or music samples. For each modality valence was manipulated at three levels, positive, neutral, and negative, while controlling for the level of arousal. Whole-brain crossmodal identification of affect indicated the presence of modality-general valence representations that distinguished 1) positive from negative trials (signed valence) and 2) valenced from non-valenced trials (unsigned valence). These results generalized across the two tasks. Brain regions that were sensitive to valence states in the same way for both modalities were identified by searchlight analysis of fMRI data by comparing the correlation of voxel responses to the same and different valence conditions across the two modalities. These analyses identified seven clusters that distinguished signed valence, unsigned valence or both. Signed valence was represented in the precuneus, unsigned valence in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus (STS)/postcentral, and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and both types were represented in the STS/MFG and thalamus. These results support the idea that modality general valence is represented in a network of several locations throughout the brain.
Real-World Experience with Oritavancin Therapy in Invasive Gram-Positive Infections

Oritavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide approved for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. The pharmacokinetic profile and convenient one-time dosing make oritavancin an enticing option for other serious Gram-positive infections requiring prolonged treatment courses. Unfortunately, data for using oritavancin in these populations are limited. We report ten cases of oritavancin use for invasive Gram-positive infections in our health system, and provide a review of the currently available literature regarding oritavancin therapy for invasive infections. Among the ten patients who received oritavancin, the most common infection was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia (n = 5, 50%). Other indications for oritavancin use included methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bursitis (n = 1, 10%), group B streptococcal bacteremia with native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (n = 1, 10%), coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia (n = 1, 10%), MSSA deep tissue infection (n = 1, 10%), and enterococcal bacteremia (n = 1, 10%). Oritavancin was well tolerated, and 7/10 (70%) patients were successfully treated. Oritavancin is a potential option for patients with invasive Gram-positive infections. Further study is warranted.
An Empirical Investigation of the Link between Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Oil and Gas Industry

We provide support for the presence of a reputational effect in the oil and gas industry regarding corporate social responsibility. Using the Socrates KLD database and the CRSP data for the 2004-2009 period, we find evidence that although there is an accounting cost for investing in environmental initiatives based on return on assets and return on equity, there is also an economic benefit based on market measures.
Understanding Students’ Transition to High School: Demographic Variation and the Role of Supportive Relationships

The transition to high school is disruptive for many adolescents, yet little is known about the supportive relational processes that might attenuate the challenges students face as they move from middle to high school, particularly for students from more diverse backgrounds. Identifying potential buffers that protect youth across this critical educational transition is important for informing more effective support services for youth. In this study, we investigated how personal characteristics (gender, nativity, parent education level) and changes in support from family, friends, and school influenced changes in socioemotional adjustment and academic outcomes across the transition from middle to high school. The data were drawn from 252 students (50% females, 85% Latina/o). The results revealed declines in students' grades and increases in depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness across the high school transition, with key variation by student nativity and gender. Additionally, stable/increasing friend support and school belonging were both linked to less socioemotional disruptions as students moved from middle to high school. Increasing/stable school belonging was also linked to increases in school engagement across the high school transition. These findings suggest that when high school transitions disrupt supportive relationships with important others in adolescents' lives, adolescents' socioemotional well-being and, to a lesser extent, their academic engagement are also compromised. Thus, in designing transition support activities, particularly for schools serving more low-income and race/ethnic minority youth, such efforts should strive to acclimate new high school students by providing inclusive, caring environments and positive connections with educators and peers.
There is an app for that - Or is there? A content analysis of publicly available smartphone apps for managing alcohol use.

Abstract Introduction Smartphone apps are emerging as a promising tool to support recovery from and prevention of problematic alcohol use, yet it is unclear what type of apps are currently available in the public domain, and to what degree these apps use interactive tailoring or other dynamic features to meet users' specific needs. Methods We conducted a content analysis of Android apps for managing drinking available on Google Play ( n = 266), downloaded between November 21, 2014 and June 25, 2015. We recorded app popularity (> 10,000 downloads) and user-rated quality (number of stars) from Google Play, and coded the apps on three domains (basic descriptors, functionality, use of dynamic features). Results In total, the reviewed 266 apps were downloaded at least 2,793,567 times altogether. The most common types of app were BAC calculators (37%), information provision apps (37%), tracking calendars (24%), and motivational tools (21%). Most apps were free (65%) or low in cost (mean = $3.76; SD = $5.80). Many apps provided at least some level of tailored feedback (60%), but the extent of tailoring was limited. Use of other dynamic features (i.e., push notifications, passive data collection) was largely absent. Univariate models predicting app popularity (i.e., > 10,000 downloads vs. not) and user-rated quality (i.e., star rating) indicated that tailoring was positively related to popularity (OR = 2.41 [1.30–4.46]), and the existence of time-based tailoring (e.g., tracking) was related to quality (b = 0.48 [0.19–0.77]). Conclusions These apps have a wide public health reach with > 2.7 million total combined downloads to date. A wide variety of apps exist, allowing persons interested in using apps to help them manage their drinking to choose from numerous types of supports. Tailoring, while related favorably to an app's popularity and user-rated quality, is limited in publicly available apps.