cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Balance Maintenance During Seated Reaches of People With Spinal Cord Injury

In many task analyses using digital human figure models, only the terminal or apparently most stressful posture is analyzed. For reaches from a seated position, this is generally the posture with the hand or hands at the target. However, depending on the characteristics of the tasks and the people performing them, analyzing only the terminal posture could be misleading. This possibility was examined using data from a study of the reaching behavior of people with spinal cord injury. Participants performed two-handed forward reaching tasks. These reaches were to three targets located in the sagittal plane. The terminal postures did not differ significantly between those with spinal cord injury and those without. However, motion analysis demonstrated that they employed distinct strategies, particularly in the initial phase of motion. The location of the center of pressure throughout each motion was calculated using inverse dynamics and was found to be a good indicator of the strategies employed and the behavior differences between the two groups.
Body torque modulation for a microrobotic fly

The Harvard Microrobotics Lab has previously demonstrated the world's first at-scale robotic insect capable of vertical takeoff with external power. Both of the robot's wings were driven by a single power actuator and 1-DOF mechanical transmission - making independent control of both wings, and therefore asymmetric flapping and the generation of a net body torque, impossible. This paper presents a method to modulate body torques by altering the kinematics of each wing transmission independently, via the introduction of two additional control actuators. Theoretical kinematic and dynamic predictions based on a pseudo-rigid body model are compared to the observed wing trajectories. Controllable body torques are necessary for the development of control algorithms for eventual stable hovering and free flight.
Antidepressant Agents for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Depression

Depression and painful somatic symptoms commonly occur together. Depression and chronic pain can have devastating effects on a patient's health, productivity, and overall quality of life. When moderate-to-severe pain exists, it can impair patient function while making treatment more difficult or resistant, with increased severity in depressive symptoms and worse outcomes. A variety of chronic pain syndromes exist, including diabetic neuropathy. A high prevalence of patients with chronic pain display depressive symptoms. Treatment for these conditions relies on pharmacologic therapy coupled with diligent, periodic assessments of changes in symptom severity. The link between pain and depression lies in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The brain stem serves as an important connection between the higher brain centers and the spinal cord. In the brain stem, the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine modulate pain transmission through ascending and descending neural pathways. Both serotonin and norepinephrine are also key neurotransmitters involved with the pathophysiology of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants are effective treatments for pain and depression; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors provide less benefit. Duloxetine and venlafaxine, which are serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, were shown in clinical trials to alleviate pain and depressive symptoms. Diabetic neuropathy and other chronic pain syndromes were also shown to benefit from duloxetine and venlafaxine. Antidepressants remain fundamental therapeutic agents for depression and anxiety disorders. Their extended use into chronic pain, depression with physical pain, physical pain with or without depression, and other potential medical conditions should be recognized.
The Rhetorical Function of Raghu Rai’s Images of Bhopal

Twenty-six years have passed since the night toxic gas leaked from the Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India. Yet the incident, which occurred in December of 1984 and was estimated to be the cause of more than 300,000 casualties, still regularly appears in news headlines (Kim et al. 245). This is due partially to the grand scale of this infamous catastrophe, which lead to death and suffering for thousands of people. Another reason for the continuing coverage of the disaster for over two decades is the ongoing controversy concerning the causes of the leak and debate regarding which entities should be held accountable. Over this period of deliberation, documentary photographs depicting victims of the gas leak taken by renowned Indian photographer Raghu Rai have often operated as rhetorical catalysts (stimuli for discourse that prompts viewers to take action) to such disputes. Indeed, as Susan Sontag argues in Regarding the Pain of Others, disaster photography has a formative influence in “shaping what catastrophes and crises we pay attention to, what we care about, and ultimately what evaluations are attached to these conflicts” (105). In this way, visual rhetoric not only presents ideas to an audience but may also serve as a form of social activism, geared towards engaging the audience in a dialogue that forwards specific goals.In this essay, I investigate this complicated relationship involving visual artifacts, viewers, and the actual victims of the crisis by analyzing the images created by Rai as a mode of visual rhetorical appeal. I argue that by offering an intimate view (that is, an overt and penetrating experience that is usually unavailable to distant audiences) of a devastating situation far away in time and often in place for viewers of these images, the photographs substitute for the reality of the situation and, through their verisimilitude, invite audiences to demand justice (Booth and Davisson). The essay unfolds by attending to how each image in the presented series of photographs helps to create an overlying narrative of crisis and distress by introducing the story line of the suffering of the Bhopali population, then establishes consubstantiality between the audience and the victims, and thus provokes the viewer to social action because of resulting guilt. To understand Rai’s visual rhetorical efficaciousness, or power to produce a desired effect, I will elaborate on Burke’s theorization of the guilt-redemption cycle, or the process by which humans assign culpability in order to ease their own consciences and enact reparations for the faults of an imperfect society.
Seasonal Migration and Genetic Population Structure in House Wrens

Abstract Neotropical migrant birds have undergone significant changes in population size, due in part to alterations in the landscape in their breeding range. Some alterations have resulted in the isolation of areas containing optimal habitat for breeding. Isolation between habitat fragments could reduce gene flow between populations, which might result in loss of genetic variation due to genetic drift. To test whether isolation due to distance between populations may affect migratory birds as much as sedentary birds, we used four microsatellite loci as genetic markers to compare gene flow and population structure in migratory and sedentary House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon and T. musculus, respectively). If migratory behavior enhanced gene flow, we expected to find that populations of migratory birds were genetically more similar than populations of sedentary birds, and that gene flow declined more rapidly with distance in sedentary than in migratory populations. Blood samples were collected from 18–25 migr...
Physiological fatty liver and hyperlipemia in the fetal guinea pig: chemical and ultrastructural characterization.

During its prolonged period of gestation, the fetal guinea pig gradually develops a striking hyperlipemia (plasma triglycerides ca. 500–1500 mg/dl) and fatty liver (hepatic triglycerides ca. 25% of wet weight). The parenchymal cells of the liver contain not only many fat droplets in the cytoplasm, but also large numbers of osmiophilic particles, interpreted as precursors of plasma lipoproteins, within profiles of the cisternae and secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. Similar particles are found in intercellular spaces, in the space of Disse, and in the hepatic sinusoids. Near the end of gestation, these particles enlarge to the size range characteristic of chylomicrons secreted from the intestinal mucosa after ingestion of fat. At the same time, the hyperlipemia increases and is characterized by the accumulation of particles resembling chylomicrons morphologically and chemically. The results are interpreted as evidence of intense hepatic synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins which may be related to the extensive transplacental transport of free fatty acids known to occur in this species. After birth, the hyperlipemia subsides rapidly and the hepatic steatosis more gradually. The blood plasma of the guinea pig fetus also contains moderate amounts of low density and high density lipoproteins. The latter decrease to barely detectable levels during the first 2 wk of postnatal life. Comparably low levels of high density lipoproteins are found in nonpregnant and pregnant adults.
Effects of vitamin E supplementation and exercise on endothelial function in rat aortas

Acute endurance exercise impairs endothelial dependent dilation whereas chronic endurance exercise improves endothelial dependent dilation which may be related to changes in redox status. The purpo...
Thoughtful Sharing and Action

This final chapter of “Applying a Human Rights Approach to Social Work Research and Evaluation: A Rights Research Manifesto ,” explores the sixth theme-based strategy of a rights research approach, thoughtful sharing and action. It highlights some suggested strategies and practices on how social workers can translate rights research and evaluation into actions that promote human rights and influence social change at the agency, community, and policy level. First, it reviews the reviews how persuasive communication skills in oral and written communication can be applied to research and the use of evidence for social change. Next, a series of courageous recommendations are provided for social workers engaging in a rights research approach to consider on ways in which they can share and take action upon their findings with and on behalf of others. This chapter's closing remarks call social workers to embrace research as a human right so that personal transformation of each social worker and the collective can be achieved.
Unir Gamificación y Experiencia de Usuario para mejorar la experiencia docente

En unos estudios como son las ingenierias TIC se realiza un tipo de asignatura obligatoria y transversal a todos los alumnos. Es una asignatura que trabaja la parte creativa y la parte critica del alumno, contando que son alumnos con un tipo de perfil de base principalmente tecnologico. Se trata de una asignatura presencial con soporte de una plataforma online que dispone de todos los recursos necesarios para llevarla a cabo. La gamificacion forma parte de la asignatura de primer curso de ingenieria, diseno y usabilidad 1. Su aplicacion ha sido disenada y evaluada para iterar constantemente en la metodologia y aplicar cambios continuos que mejoren su diseno y, por lo tanto, que mejoren la aplicacion con los alumnos. La gamificacion se centra principalmente en respetar el contenido de la asignatura: comunicacion, diseno grafico y usabilidad y experiencia de usuario para tenerlo en cuenta en las mecanicas de juego aplicadas. Tras la gamificacion del curso 2013-2014, se realizaron encuestas a los alumnos basadas en tecnicas de evaluacion de experiencia de usuario para poder obtener datos tanto de la aplicacion del contenido academico como de los puntos positivos y negativos de las mecanicas aplicadas. Estas encuestas se contrastaron con los resultados academicos de los alumnos tanto de notas parciales como de notas finales. Este articulo muestra los cambios introducidos en el diseno metodologico, su evaluacion y sus posteriores resultados. La pregunta que se pretende responder es: ?las mejoras introducidas han hecho que mejoren los resultados?
Should endomyocardial biopsy be performed for detection of myocarditis? A decision analytic approach.

Background: Performance of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to diagnose myocarditis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is controversial because of a lack of evidence favoring immunosuppressive therapy. In spite of advances in heart failure treatment, dilated cardiomyopathy carries a poor prognosis, and myocardial inflammation and viral infection are potential therapeutic targets. Methods: We used decision analysis to determine the efficacy (5-year risk reduction in mortality or transplantation) that a treatment for myocarditis would require to favor a biopsy-guided approach over conventional therapy. Literature-based estimates included prevalence of myocarditis among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with or without borderline myocarditis (16% and 11%, respectively); probability of 5-year transplantation-free survival (55%); sensitivity (50% and 63%, respectively), specificity (95.4%), and mortality rate (0.4%) of EMB; side effects resulting in withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatment (4%); and a 6-month mortality rate for immunosuppressive treatment (0.1%). All estimates were varied to determine impact on model results (sensitivity analysis). Results: A therapy that decreased the rate of death or transplantation by 12.7% and 7.1% for patients without or with borderline myocarditis, respectively, favored EMB. Sensitivity analysis indicated that therapeutic efficacy was influenced by myocarditis prevalence and biopsy-related death, but not by accuracy of biopsy or probability of immunosuppressive therapy side effects. Randomized trials powered to detect 7% and 25% reductions in death and transplantation would require 5790 and 380 end points, respectively. Conclusion: Decreasing the rate of death or transplantation by 7.1% offsets therapy side effects, EMB-related death, and inaccuracies in histologic diagnosis. Prospective randomized trials of treatments for myocarditis may be more feasible during periods of high prevalence or with more sensitive diagnostic techniques.
Continent Catheterizable Urinary Diversion Using the Ileocecal Segment with Stapled Intussusception of the Ileocecal Valve

A continent ileocecal reservoir was created as an alternative to ileal loop urinary diversion in 7 patients. In 3 patients the bladder neck was closed, the in situ bladder was augmented and a continent stoma was formed by intussusception of the ileocecal valve. In the remaining 4 patients an isolated cecal reservoir with a continent stoma replaced the bladder. Creation of a stoma that was continent and easy to catheterize was achieved by intussusception of the ileocecal valve with stabilization of the intussuscepted nipple using a Marlex collar. In most cases the cecal segment was hyperactive but this was controlled with anticholinergic medication. All 7 patients have a satisfactory capacity and a continent stoma without significant catheterization difficulties.
Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Formation, Analysis, and Control

The EPA has established regulations which classify four types of disinfection byproducts - TTHMs, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite - and requires public water systems limit these byproducts to specific levels. Most of the information required to comply with these standards is either scattered throughout the literature or derived from confere
Shape Shifting in the Classroom: Masks and Credibility in Teaching

The identity I left behind 25 years ago, at least in terms of actual job description and lived experience, was that of elementary school teacher. However, as part of my personal history, I occasionally flash it in front of my teacher education students in an attempt to gain credibility. Neither do I hesitate to list those years of teaching when applying for jobs that require evidence of public school teaching experience. And, of course, I dust off anecdotes from my own teacher education program and early years of teaching as a point of comparison and critique of present trends, and as a source of stories that I tell my students like the family patriarch to his restless but indulgent grandchildren. Mostly, though, those past experiences rise up on their own as accusations of irrelevance and having “sold out”. Do I really have any claim to relevance based on teaching experiences that happened more than two decades ago in a professional climate that bears little resemblance to today’s classrooms? Can I claim to be working for change when I write mostly to a small group of peers and devote most of my energy to convincing novice teachers to go out and change a deeply entrenched status quo from which I ran away years ago? Personal demons, however, were not the primary focus of this chapter. Instead, I wanted to examine the more fundamental notion of drawing selectively on one’s past identities when it is pedagogically expedient—like masks at a costume party—and the ways in which those identities are perceived by the students they are intended to reach … or deceive. Moreover, I wanted the project to be more than personal musings so I extended my reflections on masked and conflicted identities to explore how the process and results might become part of my teaching and how I might nurture a similar type of reflection in the preservice and in-service teachers.
Differential tunable phase shifter

This b paper describes theoretical study, modeling and simulation of tunable coupled line phase shifter. This structure is based on basic Schiffman model in which a coupled dispersive microstrip transmission line was used combined with uniform transmission line. The main idea of this work is to design a mixed structure of tunable phase shifter loaded by Varactor diode. A differential phase between two paths of transmission signal was created and tuned using variable capacitance, this phase keeps approximately the same value on the operating frequency band between 0.8 and 1.4GHz. We have evaluated the performances and good variation of phase shifting was denoted with good insertion loss, less than 1.0dB and return losses for both of two signal paths.
Peripheral Blood Cytogenetic Studies in Hematological Neoplasms: Predictors of Obtaining Metaphases for Analysis.

Background: Peripheral blood (PB) is sometimes used in place of bone marrow (BM) for cytogenetic studies during the evaluation of hematologic malignancies. We looked for clinical or laboratory features that predict success in obtaining analyzable metaphases during PB chromosome studies. Methods: The Mayo Clinic cytogenetics database was queried to identify adult cases (age > 18 years) with suspected or established hematologic neoplasm in whom PB cytogenetic studies were performed. Success defined as the acquisition of at least two metaphases, was correlated with clinical and laboratory information corresponding to the time of the PB cytogenetic study. Results: A total of 242 PB cytogenetic studies were performed: clinical diagnosis was a myeloid neoplasm in 169 patients (70%), lymphoid neoplasm in 50 (21%), and unexplained cytopenia or leukocytosis in 23 (9%). The 169 myeloid cases included 59 patients with either primary (n=39) or post-polycythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia (post-PV/ET MF) myelofibrosis (n=20), 42 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 15 with chronic myeloid leukemia, 9 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 8 with ET, 6 with PV, and 30 with other MPDs. The 50 lymphoid cases included 19 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 12 with lymphoma, 11 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and 8 with plasma cell proliferative disorders. PB cytogenetic studies resulted in at least two analyzable metaphases (median 20, range 2–31) in 142 of the 242 study cases (59%); in univariate analysis, this was predicted by the specific clinical diagnosis (p Conclusion: PB cytogenetic studies are most appropriate in diseases characterized by presence of circulating myeloid progenitors or blasts (e.g. PMF, AML, ALL); the yield otherwise is too small to be cost-effective. The current study also suggests a higher likelihood of a successful PB cytogenetic study in the presence of an abnormal bone marrow karyotype.
Evaluation of Liver Microsomes for Genotoxicity Sensors—Voltammetry of the Microsomes

However, pure human cyt P450s are not commercially available, and their isolation and purification are labor intensive. This creates a serious bottleneck in the development of arrays featuring a collection of metabolic enzymes. In the current study, we are evaluating rat liver microsomes as bioactivation components in the genotoxicity sensors. For this purpose, we plan to combine the microsomes with DNA and suitable polyions in thin films that can metabolize substrates and facilitate resulting detection of DNA damage as the genotoxicity endpoint. Rat liver microsomes are cheap, commercially available sources of cyt P450s and other metabolic enzymes. With this perspective, we first investigated the voltammetry of prototype thin films from rat liver microsomes and polyions of opposite charge on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. We found that the voltammetric properties were mainly associated with oxidoreductases in these microsomal films, 10 which presumably transfer electrons to cyt P450s in
A Numerical Case Study of the Implications of Secondary Circulations to the Interpretation of Eddy-Covariance Measurements Over Small Lakes

We use a large-eddy simulation (LES) to study the airflow patterns associated with a small inland lake surrounded by a forest of height one-tenth the radius of the lake. We combine LES results with scalar dispersion simulations to model potential biases in eddy-covariance measurements due to the heterogeneity of surface fluxes and vertical advection. The lake-to-forest transition can induce a non-zero vertical velocity component, affecting the interpretation of flux measurements. Significant horizontal gradients of mean $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ concentration are generated by the forest carbon sink and lake carbon source, which are transported by local roughness-induced circulation. We simulate six hypothetical locations for flux towers along a downwind gradient at various heights, and calculate at each location the effects of both the average vertical advection and average turbulent-flux divergence of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ . We compare our model results with an analytical footprint model to find that the footprint predicted by the analytical model is inaccurate due to the complexities of advection for our test case. Similar small lakes surrounded by forests are likely affected by these phenomena as well. We recommend specialized levelling of sonic anemometers to reduce the effects of non-zero wind components. Flux towers over small water bodies should be constructed at a distance 0.5–0.67 times the diameter of the lake to provide ample separation from the areas affected by the rotor effect of the upwind forest/lake transition and the updraft at the downwind edge. Finally, we also suggest the filtering of wind directions based on the Higgins ratio.
A pseudo-coupled analytic fluid-structure interaction method for underwater implosion of cylindrical shells

Abstract Underwater implosion, the rapid collapse of a structure caused by hydrostatic pressure, is a fully coupled, highly dynamic and nonlinear fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem. The primary motivation behind studying implosion is the short-duration, high-pressure pulse generated in the surrounding water. This paper presents a simplified analytic method to estimate the energy in the pressure pulse, based on potential flow theory. The method accounts for the varying fluid pressure and accompanying FSI. The focus is on long, thin, unstiffened metallic cylindrical shells that collapse in mode 2. The implosion pulse energy is shown to be equal to the maximum system kinetic energy developed during collapse. The kinetic energy is calculated using an energy balance approach and analytic solutions for plastic energy dissipation and energy required to compress the internal air. The time-varying fluid pressure, and subsequently the work done by the fluid on the cylinder, is found using a novel explicit time-stepping methodology. The result is a pseudo-coupled analytic solution for the fluid pressure time history and implosion pulse energy. Solutions for pulse energy agree with RANS numerical simulations within 5%.
Quantifying and Elucidating Thermally Enhanced Minority Carrier Diffusion Length Using Radius-Controlled Rutile Nanowires

The minority carrier diffusion length (LD) is a crucial property that determines the performance of light absorbers in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Many transition-metal oxides are stable photoanodes for solar water splitting but exhibit a small to moderate LD, ranging from a few nanometers (such as α-Fe2O3 and TiO2) to a few tens of nanometers (such as BiVO4). Under operating conditions, the temperature of PEC cells can deviate substantially from ambient, yet the temperature dependence of LD has not been quantified. In this work, we show that measuring the photocurrent as a function of both temperature and absorber dimensions provides a quantitative method for evaluating the temperature-dependent minority carrier transport. By measuring photocurrents of nonstoichiometric rutile TiO2–x nanowires as a function of wire radius (19–75 nm) and temperature (10–70 °C), we extract the minority carrier diffusion length along with its activation energy. The minority carrier diffusion length in TiO2–x increases...
Using Learning Analytics to Understand Scientific Modeling in the Classroom

Scientific models represent ideas, processes, and phenomena by describing important components, characteristics, and interactions. Models are constructed across a variety of scientific disciplines, such as the food web in biology, the water cycle in Earth science, or the structure of the solar system in astronomy. Models are central for scientists to understand phenomena, construct explanations, and communicate theories. Constructing and using models to explain scientific phenomena is also an essential practice in contemporary science classrooms. Our research explores new techniques for understanding scientific modeling and engagement with modeling practices. We work with students in secondary biology classrooms as they use a web-based software tool - EcoSurvey - to characterize organisms and their interrelationships found in their local ecosystem. We use learning analytics and machine learning techniques to answer the following questions: 1) How can we automatically measure the extent to which students’ scientific models support complete explanations of phenomena? 2) How does the design of student modeling tools influence the complexity and completeness of students’ models? 3) How do clickstreams reflect and differentiate student engagement with modeling practices? We analyzed EcoSurvey usage data collected from two different deployments with over 1000 secondary students across a large urban school district. We observe large variations in the completeness and complexity of student models, and large variations in their iterative refinement processes. These differences reveal that certain key model features are highly predictive of other aspects of the model. We also observe large differences in student modeling practices across different classrooms and teachers. We can predict a student’s teacher based on the observed modeling practices with a high degree of accuracy without significant tuning of the predictive model. These results highlight the value of this approach for extending our understanding of student engagement with scientific modeling, an important contemporary science practice, as well as the potential value of analytics for identifying critical differences in classroom implementation.
ICCAD-2017 CAD contest in resource-aware patch generation

With a functional Engineering Change Order (ECO) problem, the quality of patch plays an important role in the performance of the patched circuit. In this contest, contestants need to generate patch functions that will make two circuits equivalent, while minimizing the resource cost of the generated patches. Resource cost is the comprehensive physical cost of all the patches, and minimizing the resource cost implies improving patch quality (timing, power, routing, or area). The resource cost of patches can be modeled as a weighting function with respect to several physical properties of nodes used for patches. In ICCAD 2017 CAD Contest, we have assigned each internal node a reasonable constant weight to represent the corresponding physical cost if the node is used for generating patches. Also, the resource cost of the patches is calculated as the weight summation of patches' support nodes. This formulation can elegantly identify wanted algorithms for the resource-aware patch generation problem.
Metrology Feasibility Study in Support of the National Direct-Drive Program

The 100-Gbar Laser Direct Drive program calls for ablator capsules with no defects larger than 0.5 μm in lateral dimension and fewer than ten defects with lateral dimensions between 0.1 and 0.5 μm....
Amino acid nanopatterning on graphite

Abstract The present study provides an experimental and computational insight into amino acid adsorption on a graphite substrate. We investigated two aromatic amino acids, histidine and tyrosine, and their behavior on highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The study was carried out under ambient conditions, in a 1-octanol solution and at room temperature. We found that both amino acids form well-ordered molecular films on graphite, as opposed to dimer rows found for another amino acid (methionine). Scanning Tunneling Microscopy reveals intermolecular spacings and angular orientations of the individual molecules in the well-ordered molecular layer. Both amino acids arrange themselves into a chevron pattern governed by inter-molecular attractive forces. The configuration consists of adjacent rows of parallel molecules, however, individual molecules in neighboring rows are angled with respect to each other. Additional computational chemistry methods using a Molecular Mechanics approach and the AMBER ff03 force field are employed in support of the experimental findings. These calculations provide suggested molecular geometries and estimated adsorption energies and inter-molecular binding energies for molecules on a graphene sheet.
Spouse Criticism/Hostility Toward Partners With Chronic Pain: The Role of Spouse Attributions for Patient Control Over Pain Behaviors.

Abstract Spouse attributions regarding displays of pain behaviors by their partners with chronic pain may account for subsequent increases in spouse critical/hostile responses toward their partners. People with chronic low back pain (n = 105) and their pain-free spouses (n = 105) completed electronic diary measures 5 times per day for 14 consecutive days. Key items assessed spouse observations of patient pain behavior, attributions regarding these behaviors, and spouse critical/hostile responses toward patients. Results were 1) spouse observations of patient pain behavior at time 1 predicted high levels of spouse critical/hostile responses toward the patient at time 2. 2) “Internal” attributions (eg, the patient was attempting to influence spouse's feelings) at time 1 predicted high levels of spouse critical/hostile responses toward the patient at time 2. 3) Internal attributions mediated links between spouse-observed pain behaviors at time 1 and levels of spouse critical/hostile responses at time 2. Spouse observations of patient pain behavior was also related to an “external” attribution (ie, patient pain behavior was due to pain condition), but this attribution was not a significant mediator. A vital factor linking spouse scrutiny to spouse critical/hostile responses may be the spouse's ascribed reasons for the patient's grimacing, bracing, complaining, and so forth. Perspective: Results indicate that spouse internal and negative attributions for pain behaviors of their partners with chronic pain may influence subsequent spouse critical/hostile reactions to them. Findings suggest that replacing spouse internal and negative attributions with external, compassionate, and accepting explanations may be useful therapeutic targets for couples coping with chronic pain.
A Case of Linezolid Induced Toxicity

Adverse effects of linezolid are typically limited to diarrhea, nausea, and headache when shorter durations are used; however, as extended durations of linezolid therapy are increasingly more common, additional monitoring parameters should be considered in these patients. We describe a unique case of hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and pancreatitis related to an extended duration of linezolid therapy. A 52-year-old woman presented with altered mental status, abdominal pain, and hypotension following six weeks of linezolid and ertapenem therapy. Laboratory data revealed an initial blood glucose of 40 mg/dL and metabolic acidosis secondary to lactic acidosis. Finally, her abdominal pain on admission was likely related to an enlarged pancreas noted on computed tomography of her abdomen. Due to suspected linezolid toxicity, the patient received two intermittent hemodialysis sessions to remove linezolid and correct the metabolic acidosis. Given limited data on long-term monitoring of patients receiving extended durations of linezolid therapy, we suggest periodic monitoring of lactate, arterial blood gas, and blood glucose. If patients present with this triad of symptoms secondary to linezolid therapy, adverse effects should be treated with dextrose and intravenous thiamine while reserving hemodialysis for those with metabolic acidosis refractory to thiamine.
Alterung der Netzhaut und des retinalen Pigmentepithels

Altern wurde definiert als »eine mit der Zeit stetig zunehmende Reihe von Veranderungen, die im fortgeschrittenen Alter mit immer hoherer Krankheitsanfalligkeit und Tod einhergehen bzw. fur sie verantwortlich sind« [1]. Auch das Auge macht dabei keine Ausnahme; Katarakt und Netzhautdegeneration sind haufige Begleiterscheinungen des Alterns [2]. Vor allem die Retina ist empfindlich fur Altersveranderungen, da
Adoptive Cell Therapy in Treating Pediatric Solid Tumors

This review will discuss the challenges facing adoptive cell techniques in the treatment of solid tumors and examine the therapies that are in development for specifically pediatric solid tumors. Targeting solid tumors with adoptive cell therapy has been limited by the inhibitory tumor microenvironment and heterogeneous expression of targetable antigens. Many creative strategies to overcome these limitations are being developed but still need to be tested clinically. Early phase clinical trials in neuroblastoma with GD2 CAR T cells are promising but results need to be validated on a larger scale. Most research in other pediatric solid tumors is still in early stages. Adoptive cell therapy represents a useful tool to improve the outcomes of many pediatric solid tumors but significant study is still required. Several clinical trials are ongoing to test therapies that have shown promise in the lab.
More integration or more disintegration in the European Union? A sociological perspective

This paper analyzes the scholarly debate about integration in the European Union; its emergence, evolution and current state. It examines works employing theoretical and problem-driven approaches, dedicated to analyzing integration as their main object. The findings suggest that the debate has progressed significantly - a fact evident by the change of the initial question with which scholars engaged – whether international organizations and institutions have a future as independent entities. The way the EU integration was explored has also gradually shifted from paradigmatic debates, mostly between realists and liberalists, to diverse problem-driven contributions. This new, pragmatic approach is preferred as an effort to better explain the complex question of the EU integration in times of crises. An assessment of this debate is required to improve the quality of the future research agendas, methodological approaches, and policy recommendations of the field.
“The Story Was Not Printed”: The Press Covers the 1930s Banking Crisis

The numerous bank failures that were a defining feature of the Great Depression received minimal news coverage. During the early 1930s, the news media consistently downplayed the problems that perv...
Private Sector Development

The contribution of private sector to economic development has latterly become important, although the analysis here shows that contribution to have been ‘too little too late’ in northern Cyprus has been minimal. One of the causes of the lack of development, claimed by local politicians, was the European Court of Justice decision restricting imports from northern Cyprus. These causes are discussed and their impact on northern Cyprus assessed, as well as assessments of other key private sectoral developments such as tourism, agriculture and higher education. The key financial institutions, the Central Bank and the Development Bank, are also examined here, as symptomatic of the widespread contradiction between supposedly independent governance on the one hand and venal clientelism and rentierism on the other hand, all showing the weak development of this discordant polity.
A Modality-Independent Network Underlies the Retrieval of Large-Scale Spatial Environments in the Human Brain.

Summary In humans, the extent to which body-based cues, such as vestibular, somatosensory, and motoric cues, are necessary for normal expression of spatial representations remains unclear. Recent breakthroughs in immersive virtual reality technology allowed us to test how body-based cues influence spatial representations of large-scale environments in humans. Specifically, we manipulated the availability of body-based cues during navigation using an omnidirectional treadmill and a head-mounted display, investigating brain differences in levels of activation (i.e., univariate analysis), patterns of activity (i.e., multivariate pattern analysis), and putative network interactions between spatial retrieval tasks using fMRI. Our behavioral and neuroimaging results support the idea that there is a core, modality-independent network supporting spatial memory retrieval in the human brain. Thus, for well-learned spatial environments, at least in humans, primarily visual input may be sufficient for expression of complex representations of spatial environments. Video Abstract Download video (30MB) Help with mp4 files
Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis , by Suzanne Newcomb

Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis, by Suzanne Newcombe. Sheffield: Equinox, 2019. xiv + 309 pp., £75.00 / $100.00 (hb), £24.95 / $36.00 (pb). ISBN 978-1-78179-659-7 (hb), 978-1-78179-661-0 (pb).
Treatment Options for Pulmonary Atresia/VSD/MAPCAs

This review provides an up to date overview of the treatment options for newborns with pulmonary atresia/VSD/MAPCAs. It answers the question of how best to diagnose and formulate a surgical plan for this diverse and heterogeneous patient population. The surgical repair of patients with pulmonary atresia/VSD/MAPCAs can be performed safely with excellent results as a single stage procedure and in the neonatal period in specific circumstances. Pulmonary atresia/VSD/MAPCAs is a complex and varied lesion. Its clinical presentation and management vary between patients and is mainly dictated by the anatomic characteristics of the major aortopulmonary collaterals which constitute the extracardiac sources of pulmonary blood flow. A rigorous evaluation of the patient’s anatomy is mandatory. Precise surgical planning is a prerequisite and exact surgical execution is required for a successful patient outcome.
Risk Factors Associated With Femoral Ring Allograft Breakage in ALIF

Study design:This is a retrospective chart review.Objectives:To identify the incidence of, and variables correlated with, femoral ring allograft (FRA) fracture following anterior lumbar interbody f...
The effect of physical education on children's body weight and human capital: New evidence from the ECLS‐K:2011

This study provides evidence on the impact of physical education on child body weight, cognitive, and noncognitive achievement using data from the Early Child Longitudinal Survey Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 (ECLS-K: 2011). Students in the 2011 cohort were exposed to increased accountability pressures by No Child Left Behind, yet average weekly physical education time has not decreased from that reported in studies using the original ECLS-K class of 1998-1999. We instrument for teacher-reported weekly PE time using state physical education laws and exploit the panel design of the data to estimate individual fixed effects models to address concerns of endogeneity. We find time spent in physical education has essentially no effect on child body weight or human capital outcomes of U.S. elementary school children.
Spin coating of capillary tubes

We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical study of the spin coating of the inner surface of capillary tubes with viscous liquids, and the modified Rayleigh–Plateau instability that arises when the spinning stops. We show that during the spin coating, the thinning of the film is governed by the balance of viscous and centrifugal forces, resulting in the film thickness scaling as . We demonstrate that the method enables us to reach uniform micrometre-scale films on the tube walls. Finally, we discuss potential applications with curable polymers that enable precise control of film geometry and wettability.
Mindfulness and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Mindfulness is implicated in eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. However, this literature has not been synthesized to date. The current meta-analysis examined the associations between mindfulness and ED psychopathology. METHODS A total of 74 independent samples (effects = 576) were included. We used a multilevel random-effects model to estimate summary study-level effect sizes, and multilevel mixed-effects models to examine moderator effects. RESULTS Mindfulness was negatively associated with ED psychopathology (r = -.25, p < .001), both concurrently (r = -.25, p < .001) and prospectively (rs = -.22 to -.24, ps < .001). Associations were strongest for binge eating, emotional/external eating, and body dissatisfaction as well as the acting with awareness and nonjudging facets. DISCUSSION Mindfulness may be an important process in ED psychopathology. Future research should prospectively and experimentally examine the relation between mindfulness and ED psychopathology.
A Child Marriage in Early Colonial Cuzco

This article examines an arranged marriage between a seven-year-old Inka girl and an adult Spanish man, and the prosecution that followed. Historians of marriage in the early modern Hispanic world ...
Congenital muscular dystrophies

Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by muscle weakness from birth, or shortly after, and variable clinical manifestations of the eye and central nervous system. Some of these disorders are fatal in the first years of life, whereas others have a milder course, with survival into adulthood. The CMDs were initially classified by clinical features and country of origin; however, with new molecular techniques it is now possible to classify these patients better. More than 10 genes have been identified to date that cause forms of CMD. However, even with current molecular diagnostic techniques, only approximately 25-50% of patients with CMD have an identifiable genetic mutation. In addition, some phenotypic classifications have been attempted. There is significant overlap between the phenotypic and molecular classifications, making diagnosis within this heterogeneous group of disorders difficult.
Following the Rules: Exclusion of Witness, Sequestration, and No-Consultation Orders

In this Article, Professor Underwood discusses the varying application of Rule 615 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, which provides for the exclusion of witnesses. He explains that varying application ofRule 615 and state evidence rulesfollowing Rule 615's language creates misunderstandings at trial. Thus, it is important to know not only the federal and local rules but also the "way things are done" in a particular court. "Separate these two far from one another that I may examine them."' "'Gentlemen, that may be law in Philadelphia, but it [is] not law in Coosawhatchie."2
Review of Supporting today’s students in the library: Strategies for retaining and graduating international, transfer, first-generation, and re-entry students

Review of Tran, N.-Y., & Higgins, S. (Eds.). (2020). Supporting today’s students in the library: Strategies for retaining and graduating international, transfer, first-generation, and re-entry students. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries.
Progress toward large-area strontium atom interferometry for precision gravitational measurements

Atom interferometers in which atoms are delocalized over macroscopic distances can provide excellent sensitivity for gravitational measurements. I will describe progress on the design and construction of a two-meter-tall strontium atomic fountain that aims to leverage such atom interferometers to search for new interactions beyond the standard model via tests of the gravitational inverse square law and to make a new measurement of Newton’s gravitational constant. Moreover, I will discuss progress on MAGIS-100, a 100-meter-tall atom interferometer being built at Fermilab to serve as a prototype gravitational wave detector in the 0.3 – 3 Hz range and to search for ultralight dark matter.
Does the leakage radiation profile mirror the intensity profile of surface plasmon polaritons?: comment

We comment on a recent paper [Opt. Lett.35, 1944 (2010)]OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.35.001944.
Diseases Classification Utilizing Tooth X-ray Images Based On Convolutional Neural Network

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Learning (DL), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) related technologies have seen widespread applications in various fields, such as in finance, military and medicine. In the medical field in particular, by utilizing the technology of CNN, there are many potential use cases in the real world, such as lung cancer detection, malignant tumor classification and tooth decay diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed a type of CNN architecture that used DL to classify four categories of tooth X-rays images: normal teeth, implants, fillings and abnormal teeth (cavities). The requirements for neural network architecture is also very important in this research, so we changed the CNN architecture and the parameters of the test set many times to achieve optimal performance. The preliminary results showed the highest detection accuracy rate of the four categories were normal teeth at 87%, implants and fillings at 98% and cavities at 89%. We were able to achieve an average accuracy at 93.04%. Thus we believed that this result could apply in periodontology dentistry field in the near future.