cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Contributions to SK(K)S Splitting from Lower Mantle Anisotropy: A Case Study from Station DBIC, Cote D'Ivoire

Measurements of seismic anisotropy constitute a very important tool for examining patterns of flow and mineral properties in the Earth's mantle. A popular strategy for gaining insight into upper mantle processes is to examine the splitting of SK(K)S phases and interpret them in terms of upper mantle anisotropy and deforma- tion; in such studies, any contribution to splitting from anisotropy in the lower mantle is usually ignored. Here we present measurements of SKS and SKKS splitting at Global Seismograph Network station DBIC in the Cote D'Ivoire, which exhibits a very unusual pattern of shear-wave splitting. The splitting pattern is dominated by null measurements over a wide range of back azimuths, with non-null measurements found over a very limited back-azimuthal range; we also identified examples of dis- crepant SKS-SKKS splitting for the same event-station pair. Splitting at DBIC has previously been interpreted in terms of upper mantle anisotropy, but we argue that this splitting pattern can best be explained by an apparently isotropic upper mantle with a contribution from anisotropy in the lower mantle, likely in the D" layer. Using station DBIC as a case study, we discuss the potential pitfalls in interpreting SKS-splitting measurements and suggest a set of best practices to decrease the like- lihood of misinterpreting shear-wave-splitting results at a seismic station. Online Material: Summary of events used in the study, with their associated splitting parameters.
Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma during Pregnancy

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) rarely presents during pregnancy and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) accounts for approximately 2.5% of patients with NHL. The case of a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Stage IIA PMLBCL during week 13 of her intrauterine pregnancy is described. The staging consisted in computed tomography (CT) of the chest and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis. She was managed with R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) for a total of six cycles and, because of the early presentation during the second trimester, she received the entire chemotherapy course during the pregnancy. She delivered a healthy baby at 34 weeks of pregnancy and a (18)FDG-PET/CT scan demonstrated complete remission after delivery. After 20 months of follow up she remains with no evidence of disease and her 1-year-old son has shown no developmental delays or physical abnormalities. PMLBCL, although an uncommon subgroup of DLBCL, may present during pregnancy and R-CHOP should be considered as one suitable option in this complex scenario.
Arbitrary impulsive interference cancellation in discrete time systems

We first study the a posteriori probability density function of the state of a discrete-time system given the measurement data. By applying the Bayesian law to the state and measurement equations of the stochastic system, the a posteriori density is obtained in closed-form and computed recursively for arbitrary i.i.d. state noise and any discrete-type measurement noise (or multi-level digital signal). Then, our effort concentrates on the estimation of impulsive noise which interferes with the multi-level signal of interest. By considering the /spl Lscr//sup P/-norm performance criterion, where 0 >
Middle‐class Latin@ Identity: Building a Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Middle-class Latin@ identity is a rare discussion in the racial/ethnic studies and identity literatures. Often the Latin@ middle class is invisible as much of the research focuses on the poor, working class and immigrant populations. This article provides a discussion of literature that addresses the shape of middle-class Latin@ identity. It then moves to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework of strategies of identity negotiation for middle-class Latin@s based on this existing literature. Ultimately, it provides a much needed shift in both the identity and race/ethnic studies literatures by balancing structural and agentic elements of conceptualizing how middle-class Latin@ people’s identities are maintained, constructed, and negotiated.
A general second-order lock detector for type I PLLs

A simple phase-locked-loop (PLL) lock detector can be constructed from a quadrature phase detector. Unfortunately, a DC component may exist in this detector's output under false lock conditions. This DC component may operate a phase-locked receiver's coherent automatic gain control (AGC) system. It is possible that the AGC system could adjust the receiver gain to produce a nominal value for the unwanted DC component. The receiver would appear to be operating properly when, in fact, it was not. A PLL lock theory is presented, and an ideal detector is discussed which is free of this problem. The first-order approximation of the ideal lock detector is shown to be the classical phase quadrature lock detector. This is followed by the development of a second-order approximation of the ideal detector. Finally, the theory is applied to a simple example, and a block diagram of a second-order lock detector for this example is given. >
Are goals and topics influenced by gender and modality in the initial marriage and family therapy session

Establishment of a goal is crucial to therapy, but identification of therapeutic goals may be difficult in conjoint therapy because each participant may identify a different problem. We examined the influence of gender on ability to successfully introduce therapeutic topics in marital and family therapy by conducting two studies. The first study evaluates the ability of therapists to identify therapeutic goals that matched goals prioritized by both women and men clients on pretherapy questionnaires. The second study examines the process of initial therapy sessions to see whether gender influences a client's ability to introduce a therapeutic topic. Results suggest that therapeutic topic is influenced by the interaction of gender and treatment modality. Specifically, therapists were better able to match women's pretherapy stated goals in marital therapy than family therapy, men were more successful at introducing topics in family therapy, and women were more successful at introducing topics in marital therapy.
Accumulated creep strain and energy density based thermal fatigue life prediction models for SnAgCu solder joints

Pb free solder is fast becoming a reality in electronic manufacturing due to marketing and legislative pressures. The industry has pretty much concluded that various versions of SnAgCu solder alloy offer the best alternative for eutectic Sn/Pb solder currently in use. With the current trend of cheaper, faster, and better electronic equipment, it has become increasingly important to evaluate the package and system performance very early in the design cycle using simulation tools. This requires life prediction models for new solder alloy systems so that the package-to-board interconnect reliability can be predicted for various environmental and field conditions. This paper describes in detail the life prediction models for SnAgCu solder joints. The models are based on published constitutive equations for this alloy and thermal cycle fatigue data on actual components. The approach uses advanced finite element modeling and analysis techniques and is based on mechanics of deformation. Both accumulated creep strain and creep strain energy density based models are developed. The model has been correlated with a number of data points and predicts life within 25% in most cases. The framework of modeling and prediction methodology described here is fully compatible with the framework used for SnPb solder previously.
Real-Time Decision Making and Aggressive Behavior in Youth: A Heuristic Model of Response Evaluation and Decision (Red)

Considerable scientific and intervention attention has been paid to judgment and decision-making systems associated with aggressive behavior in youth. However, most empirical studies have investigated social-cognitive correlates of stable child and adolescent aggressiveness, and less is known about real-time decision making to engage in aggressive behavior. A model of real-time decision making must incorporate both impulsive actions and rational thought. The present paper advances a process model (response evaluation and decision; RED) of real-time behavioral judgments and decision making in aggressive youths with mathematic representations that may be used to quantify response strength. These components are a heuristic to describe decision making, though it is doubtful that individuals always mentally complete these steps. RED represents an organization of social-cognitive operations believed to be active during the response decision step of social information processing. The model posits that RED processes can be circumvented through impulsive responding. This article provides a description and integration of thoughtful, rational decision making and nonrational impulsivity in aggressive behavioral interactions.
Comparative Evaluation of HVDC and HVAC Transmission Systems

Alternating current (AC) is the main driving force in the industries and residential areas, but for the long transmission line (more than 400 miles) AC transmission is more expensive than that of direct current (DC). Technically, AC transmission line control is more complicated because of the frequency. DC transmission does not have these limitations, which has led to build long HVDC transmission lines over the last 40 years. HVDC technology made possible to transfer bulk power over long distances. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of HVDC and HVAC transmission systems.
Ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in the diet of broilers maintained under heat stress conditions.

Abstract Male broiler chicks were grown to 21 days of age under normal conditions, then placed in environmental chambers maintained under constant (24 C) or cyclic (24 to 35 C) heat conditions. Chicks were acclimated for 1 wk on a standard grower basal diet. Standard grower basal diets were fortified with 0, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 ppm coated ascorbic acid (AA) or 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Test diets were fed for 14 days in two separate studies. Cyclic heat conditions reduced feed intake and significantly reduced weight gains in both trials. Feed efficiency was not significantly affected by heat stress. Neither AA or ASA had beneficial effects on broiler growth or feed efficiency.
Body size and composition of Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus), with observations on tissue and organ size in Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossi)

Linear body measurements and body weights of 17 Crabeater seals and four Ross seals were recorded, and the relationships of weight to linear dimensions were calculated. There were no significant differences between sexes of these relationships in Crabeater seals. All Ross seals were males. The major body components (blood, fat, skin, muscle, bone, connective tissue and viscera) of seven Crabeater seals were weighed after dissection. Blood, fat and skin of two Ross seals were weighed. Weights of 22 visceral organs of the same animals, and linear bone dimensions of eight Crabeater seals and skull measurements of five Ross seals were recorded. There was no significant difference between sexes or ages in body composition of Crabeater seals. Relatively, Crabeater and Ross seals had less blood (9–10% body weight) than Elephant seals, and less fat (21–22% body weight) than most other marine mammals. The low body fat content may have been attributable to season and physiological status of the animals when dissected. The percentages of body weight represented by the other major components of Crabeater seals were: skin 8%, muscle 44%, bone 10%, connective tissue 0.7% and total viscera 8%. These figures, and the relative sizes of individual organs, were discussed in relation to their possible function in Crabeater and Ross seals.
Gonorrhea in the Newborn

Gonorrhea prevalence in pregnant women in the United States is generally low (less than 1%), although the prevalence in certain subsets of the population remains a matter of concern. Rates of 10% have been found in some central city adolescent prenatal clinics. Rates as high as this are quite often found in developing countries. The risks of transmission to the newborn are well studied for ophthalmia neonatorum and are 30%-40%. The risks of disseminated gonococcal infection of the newborn (sepsis or arthritis) are unmeasured, but are clearly rare events. In developing countries, maternal gonorrheal infection has been linked to premature delivery, which had been previously suggested in earlier studies in the United States. There is no evidence that the increasing occurrence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrheae (PPNG) affects maternal-neonatal transmission other than to require alternative therapy.
Ecological Aspects of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Maui, Hawaii: Movement and Host Preference

Abstract Bactrocera latifrons is a tephritid fruit fly that invaded the Hawaiian Islands in 1983 and has since spread throughout the island chain. Its invasion was facilitated by the invasion of two previous nonendemic species of solanaceous plants: Solanum torvum and Solanum linnaeanum. This study explored three aspects of B. latirfrons biology: (1) the short-term temporal patterns of wild flies were examined in invasive populations of S. torvum; (2) B. latifrons’ host preference for two principal wild hosts, S. torvum and S. linnaeanum; and (3) the movement of B. latifrons among host patches of established populations of S. torvum in Iao Valley, Maui, HI. For the third objective, we conducted a mark-release-recapture study using flies dyed with a phosphorescing marker and flies marked with a vertebrate protein. The laboratory studies suggest the flies prefer ovipositing in S. linnaeanum to S. torvum and that survival in S. linnaeanum is higher than in S. torvum. Trap catches in the dispersal study did n...
Applications of Operations-Research Techniques in Insurance

A literature review was conducted as part of a study of applications of operations-research techniques in insurance. This paper provides a cursory overview of some of the literature reviewed.
Life Cycle Management Considerations of Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data and Documentation for Long Term Preservation

As geospatial missions age, one of the challenges for the usability of data is the availability of relevant and updated metadata with sufficient documentation that can be used by future generations of users to gain knowledge from the original data. Given that remote sensing data undergo many intermediate processing steps, for example, an understanding of the exact algorithms employed and the quality of that data produced could be key considerations for these users. As interest in global climate data is increasing, documentation about older data, their origins, and their provenance are valuable to first-time users attempting to perform historical climate research or comparative analysis of global change. Incomplete or missing documentation could be what stands in the way of a new researcher attempting to use the data. Therefore, preservation of documentation and related metadata is sometimes just as critical as the preservation of the original observational data. The Goddard Earth Sciences–Data and Informa...
The Effects of Sex Preselection on the Sex Ratio of Families

Advances in the potential for couples to predetermine the sex of their children will have significant consequences for many aspects of society. Among the likely demographic impacts are changes in both population size and the sex ratio. The aim of this article is to assess the effects of sex preselection on the sex ratio of families. The expected family sex ratio is derived and characterized for couples with particular preferences for the sex composition of their families. When couples desire k children of one sex and none of the other, the proportion of children in the completed family that are of the desired sex falls with increasing k. Constraints on total family size further reduce this proportion. When couples have a desire for a balanced composition of one boy and one girl, and when they have a preference for, say, a boy to be born first, they can expect a proportion of boys in the family that at first rises, and then falls, as sex preselection methods improve.
The significance of cytoplasmic inclusions in late infantile and juvenile amaurotic idiocy. An ultrastructural study.

The electron microscopic findings of cerebral biopsies from two siblings with late infantile-juvenile amaurotic idiocy are presented. One patient had a mixture of “fingerprint” and multilamellar inclusions, often in the same cytosome. The second patient had only “fingerprint” inclusions. Electron microscopic findings in autopsied tissues from two other cases of late infantile-juvenile amaurotic idiocy with multilamellar cytosomes are also presented. Evolution of the multilamellar cytosomes into lipofuscin was not observed. We concluded that cases of late infantile-juvenile amaurotic idiocy with multilamellar and “fingerprint” inclusions should be distinguished from cases with lipofuscin.
TMIC-17LOSS OF SOCS3 IN MYELOID CELLS PROMOTES A DECREASED M2 MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE AND AN INCREASED CYTOTOXIC T-CELL RESPONSE IN A SYNGENEIC MODEL OF GLIOMA

TMIC-17. LOSS OF SOCS3 IN MYELOID CELLS PROMOTES A DECREASED M2 MACROPHAGE PHENOTYPE AND AN INCREASED CYTOTOXIC T-CELL RESPONSE IN A SYNGENEIC
Returning to Eden: Toward a Faith-Based Framing of the Environmental Movement

This article proposes a major shift in the messaging of the mainstream environmental movement. Instead of relying on logic, the mainstream movement must also cultivate passion. Instead of only appealing to the mind, it must also tap into the heart. Instead of “convincing” people, it must also learn to inspire them. By synthesizing concepts from various academic disciplines, including sociology, economics, history, and theology, this article argues that what inspires people is a moral imperative. The best way for the environmental movement to create the essential moral imperative is through religious justifications.
Theoretical analysis on slip of ideal reinforced concrete model

A model of ideal reinforced concrete is established.Through the theoretical analysis of the ideal tension member slip,the author discussed its slip law at different locations of effective anchorage length under the conditions of no outer load change of steel,the concept of slip is proposed,and the function of coordinates of slip is establishment.
Fault Detector and Switch Placement in Cyber-Enabled Power Distribution Network

Cyber-enabled operation is needed for smart distribution system implementation. The interaction of cyber and power components will affect system reliability. This paper focuses on developing an analytical reliability model for fault detection, isolation, and service restoration for smart distribution feeders. The impact of end-to-end outage probability of data communication along with sending, receiving, and relaying communication node failures is incorporated into the model. Vulnerability of system to cyber attack as an emerging cause of reliability degradation is also investigated. An optimal placement of fault detectors and switching devices are determined in this work to improve reliability. The sum of customer service interruption cost and investment cost is considered as an objective function to be minimized. Bus 2 of the Roy Billinton test system and a typical 27-node distribution network are used to illustrate the role of communication infrastructure malfunction on the planning problem in a distribution feeder. Results and discussions show the necessity of incorporating communication infrastructure failure into the power distribution system planning problem.
Some Impulses to Poetry

People have always found ways to involve poetry in their lives, in their ordinary as well as their more exalted affairs. In this first chapter, as we briefly consider a few of these occasions, we may begin to have a sense of how wide-ranging and how various the impulse to poetic expression is. At the same time, we begin to see, in very different poems, certain features that poems seem to have in common: freshness of perception, economy of language, striking images, pleasing rhythms, and more.
Aci Versus Microfracture: The Debate Continues

Because of the limited regenerative potential of articular cartilage, management of symptomatic chondral defects places us in a very challenging situation. The quest for the ideal treatment modality, in which mechanically functional hyaline cartilage can be regenerated around and in the defect site, is ongoing. In the last few years, multiple products and techniques that claim to provide improved outcomes, but have never been tested in controlled trials, have entered the market. Microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and the osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS) have been around for the last 2 decades. They have been studied extensively, but Level-I studies are few in number. In a systematic review of Level-I and II studies, Magnussen et al. concluded that no 1 technique produces superior clinical results for these defects1. Results were found to be inconsistent and contradictory, which could be due to multiple factors such as heterogeneity of the study sample, location of lesions, associated procedures, and age of the lesion, to name …
Peat and Muck Drainage Problems

Drainage of organic soils results in lowering of the surface (subsidence) by shrinkage due to drying, loss of the bouyant force of groundwater, compaction, wind erosion, burning, and biochemical oxidation. The relative effect of each of these factors depends on soil origin, land-management practices, and climate. The total subsidence rate is proportionate to depth of drainage—the lower the water table, the greater the soil loss. In the Florida Everglades the largest losses have been due to biochemical oxidation. With continued subsidence these organic soils will be too shallow for agriculture by the year 2000. Here, drainage has permitted sea water to move inland to contaminate the Biscayne aquifer, and has also changed the original ecology of the Everglades area to the detriment of wildlife. Recent water-management programs (1945-68) have ameliorated the consequences of overdrainage. Subsidence of organic soils with drainage occurs worldwide with observed rates up to 3 inches annually. To obtain maximum use of organic soils, drain only those lands that are potentially arable, place drained lands into productive use quickly, and hold water tales as high as crop and human requirements permit.
Aluminum graded-base AlGaAs/GaAs PNp HBT with 37 GHz cut-off frequency

A PNp AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with Al-alloy graded base structure is described. In order to reduce the base transit time (/spl tau/b) and thus to obtain high performance pnp-type AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs, Al-alloy grading is adopted to form a high quasi-electric field in the base. The effectiveness of Al-alloy grading in the base is demonstrated by the RF performance of the fabricated device which shows a cut off frequency (f/sub t/) of 37 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. Further analysis of f/sub t/ associated with collector current densities indicates the intrinsic time of the device, which is the sum of the base transit time (/spl tau//sub b/) and the collector depletion region transition time (/spl tau//sub SC/), is as low as 2.0 ps. >
Technology Skills in the Workplace: Information Professionals’ Current Use and Future Aspirations

Information technology serves as an essential tool for today's information professional, with a need for ongoing research attention to assess the technological directions of the field over time. This paper presents the results of a survey of the technologies used by library and information science (LIS) practitioners, with attention to the combinations of technologies employed and the technology skills that practitioners wish to learn. The most common technologies employed were: email, office productivity tools, web browsers, library catalog and database searching tools, and printers, with programming topping the list of most-desired technology skill to learn. Generally similar technology usage patterns were observed for early and later-career practitioners. Findings also suggested the relative rarity of emerging technologies, such as the makerspace, in current practice.
Absence of Tumor on Repeat Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Does Not Predict Final Pathologic T0 Stage in Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy

Abstract Background For patients with bladder cancer (BC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), complete pathologic absence of tumor (pT0) at radical cystectomy (RC) is associated with better survival. It is unclear if pT0 status can be attributed to the absence of residual disease (cT0) on transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or to the effects of NAC. Objective T o determine how often cT0 is associated with pT0 and identify preoperative and postoperative factors associated with survival. Design, setting, and participants Between 1995 and 2011, 157 out of 1897 RC patients were identified as stage cT0 after at least two TURBT procedures at a single center. Intervention RC with or without NAC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Initial TURBT pathology and clinical staging were reviewed. The primary endpoint was pathologic stage at RC. Cox proportional hazards ratios identified factors associated with residual disease at RC, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results and limitations Of the cT0 patients, 49.7% ( n =78) underwent NAC. pT0 was found in 35.7% ( n =56). Residual tumor was found at RC in 63.7% ( n =101), of whom 24.8% ( n =39) had advanced disease (≥pT3 or node-positive disease). Positive lymph nodes at RC were found in 12.7% ( n =20) of the patients. There was no significant difference in achieving pT0 status between patients with and without NAC. The presence of advanced BC was most predictive of OS. NAC was associated with longer OS and RFS. During median follow-up of 6.3 yr, the 5-yr RFS was 81% for those with non-advanced disease and 46% for advanced BC ( p p Conclusions Complete TURBT does not predict pT0 at RC. A notable fraction of patients with cT0 bladders have locally advanced and/or lymph node–positive disease. These findings may be of value when counseling patients on bladder preservation strategies for muscle-invasive BC. Patient summary Among patients thought to have had the entire tumor in their bladder removed via cystoscopy, a majority have persistent tumors when their bladders were removed. In a sizable proportion, these persistent tumors were even more invasive than initially thought.
Fabrication of silicon carbide membranes on highly permeable supports

Abstract We have recently reported (Wangxue Deng, Xinhai Yu, Muhammad Sahimi, and Theodore T. Tsotsis, Highly permeable porous silicon carbide support tubes for the preparation of nanoporous inorganic membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 2014, 451, 192–204) on the preparation of highly permeable and mechanically strong porous SiC tubular supports via the pressureless sintering of β-SiC powders, for potential use in the fabrication of nanoporous SiC membranes. In the paper, the effect of the type of starting powders used and their composition, the sintering temperature and the amount of sintering aids utilized on the transport characteristics and the surface roughness of these supports were systematically investigated. These tubular SiC supports exhibit very high fluxes (a He permeance as high as ~6×10−5 mol m−2 Pa−1 s−1) compared to supports prepared previously by our group and others, and are also mechanically strong to withstand the pressure drops required in their use as membrane supports. In this study, we report on the use of these supports in the preparation of SiC nanoporous membranes. The task of preparing high-quality membranes using these substrates is made possible via the use of a technique that creates on the support an interlayer scaffold made of highly uniform SiC nano-powders, followed then by the deposition of the SiC precursor layers. Utilizing these newly developed highly permeable, yet mechanically strong, silicon carbide supports, nanoporous silicon carbide membranes were fabricated, with permeances which are an order of magnitude higher than membranes prepared with less permeable supports but with comparable separation characteristics.
Measurement of Ambipolar Diffusion Coefficient of Photoexcited Carriers with Ultrafast Reflective Grating-Imaging Technique

A novel ultrafast reflective grating-imaging technique has been developed to measure ambipolar carrier diffusion in GaAs/AlAs quantum wells and bulk GaAs. By integrating a transmission grating and an imaging system into the traditional pump–probe setup, this technique can acquire carrier diffusion properties conveniently and accurately. The fitted results of the diffusion coefficient and diffusion length in bulk GaAs agree well with the literature values obtained by other techniques. The diffusion coefficient and diffusion length of GaAs/AlAs quantum wells are found to increase with the well layer thickness, which suggests that interface roughness scattering dominates carrier diffusion in GaAs/AlAs quantum wells. With the advantages of simple operation, sensitive detection, rapid and nondestructive measurement, and extensive applicability, the ultrafast reflective grating-imaging technique has great potential in experimental study of carrier diffusion in various materials.
Optical self-excitation and detection for inertial MEMS Sensors

We report on the development of an optical self-excitation and detection method to allow for high stability operation of inertial MEMS sensors. A single constant amplitude laser beam is used to both drive and optically interrogate the resonant frequency of a MEMS resonator. A parametric study of x,y,z position of the laser spot location, laser power, and laser wavelength with respect to frequency stability of the MEMS sensor is presented. A frequency bias instability of 3 ppb at 1 s without any calibration and a frequency white noise of 2.4 ppb/√Hz for a MEMS resonator with resonant frequency of 68.28 kHz and quality factor of 4,600 have been measured.
Trial and Error: How Student Affairs Staff in Community Colleges Learn to Supervise

ABSTRACTSupervisory skills play an important role in individual staff development and the achievement of organizational objectives. These skills are vital to professionals in community college student affairs, who support a diverse student population and a wide array of programming. This study was conducted to describe the kind of supervisory training experience student affairs professionals received. Through interviews with community college student affairs professionals, we found that many experienced a lack of formal training and acquired supervisory skills over time on the job, through trial and error, and from workshops.
Primary Care Providers' Perceptions of Young Cambodian American Female Patients.

There are significant health disparities among Southeast Asian Americans. As an initial step toward understanding the psychosocial factors associated with these disparities, the present study examined primary care providers’ perspectives of health status, healthcare utilization, health-related behaviors, and stressors among one subset of Southeast Asian Americans—Cambodian American women between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Interviews with five primary care providers indicated that cultural, historical, psychological and social issues were associated with health outcomes and health behaviors. Results also pointed to clinical considerations and research directions that would improve treatment and understanding of health problems among young Cambodian American women.
Evaluation of Selected Crabapple Cultivars for Insect Resistance

Abstract Twenty-four cultivars of Malus spp. were evaluated for resistance to naturally occurring insect pests at replicated plantings in Detroit, Lansing, and Cadillac, Michigan. ‘Adams,’ ‘Candied...
Unusual congenital coronary artery anomaly in a young adult presenting as sudden cardiac arrest

A previously asymptomatic young female with no previous medical or cardiac history collapsed during indoor exercise. A portable automatic external defibrillator showed a shockable rhythm. She received multiple electrical shocks with return to normal sinus rhythm without ischaemic ECG changes. Her troponin level was mildly elevated. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with global hypokinesis. During emergent coronary angiography, the left main coronary artery could not be found. The right coronary artery was normal with robust collaterals to the entire left coronary circulation extending to the left main coronary artery, but did not fill the ostium. Coronary CT angiogram confirmed nearly complete absence of the left main coronary artery ostium. A diagnosis of left main coronary artery atresia was made. Patient underwent successful two vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. She continues to do well 1 year postoperatively.
Measuring Activation in Parents of Youth with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

For parents of youth with emotional and behavioral disorders, activation, or having the knowledge, skills, and confidence to access and engage in appropriate services for their children, is important for managing their child's mental health care. The Parent Activation Measure (PAM) was modified to create the Parent Patient Activation Measure-Mental Health (P-PAM-MH) to measure activation as part of a randomized controlled trial of a peer parent support intervention for parents of youth with emotional and behavioral problems. Results from this study provide initial support for use of the P-PAM-MH as a measure of activation in this population and for the reliability and validity of the measure. Implications of the findings from this study for research and practice in behavioral health are discussed.
Global coupled general circulation models

Major conclusions and recommendations regarding the status of global coupled general circulation models are presented here from a workshop convened by the World Climate Research Programme Steering Group on Global Coupled Modelling that was held from 20 to 12 October 1994 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. The purpose of the workshop was to assess the current state of the art of global coupled modeling on the decadal and longer timescales in terms of methodology and results to identify the major issues and problems facing this activity and to discuss possible alternatives for making progress in light of these problems. This workshop brought together representatives from nearly every group in the world actively involved in formulating and running such models. After presentations by workshop participants, four working groups identified key issues involving (1) initialization and model spinup, (2) strategies and techniques for coupling of model components, (3) flux correction/adjustment, and (4) secular drift and systematic errors. The participants concluded that improved communication between those engaged in this activity will be important to enhance further progress. Consequently, the World Climate Research Programme intends to continue the support internationally coordinated activities in global coupled modeling. 7 refs., 1 tab.
Degradation of Cardiac Troponins

The use of highly sensitive and very specific measurements of cardiac troponin I and troponin T has revolutionized the detection of cardiac injury. Although the most common use of these tests is the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, it has become clear that there are a large number of other disease entities capable of causing troponin release. The process of supply/demand imbalance is a part of many of these other pathophysiologies and, therefore, could, in one sense, be considered ischemia. This suggests that the cardiac myocyte is sensitive to a variety of pathological stresses on the cardiopulmonary system. It is feasible that these stresses are reflected in the posttranslational degradation and disease-specific processing of the troponins within the myocyte prior to release into the blood. To further facilitate and improve the diagnostic yield of the cardiac troponins, one can increase the sensitivity of the assays to allow for detection of still lower levels. Another possibility is to determine whether or not there is the potential to detect specific cardiac troponin fragments, with the idea that they might be more specific for the certain types of cardiac injury and thus specific disease processes. This chapter discusses potential disease-related degradation; why there might be different fragments for different pathological processes; and, finally, the potential clinical use in monitoring these modifications. The attempt to distinguish disease entities based on fragment analysis has the potential to further advance the field by allowing more specific diagnoses.
Evaluating calf bioimpedance measurements for fluid overload management in a controlled environment.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between calf bioimpedance measurements and fluid removal in a controlled environment (hemodialysis) as a first step toward using these measurements for remote congestive heart failure (CHF) monitoring. APPROACH Calf bioimpedance measurements were recorded in 17 patients undergoing hemodialysis (9/17 (53%) CHF, 5/17 (30%) female). Measurements were performed before and after hemodialysis. Additional parameters related to hemodialysis and patient fluid status such as estimated dry weight were also recorded. MAIN RESULTS Calf bioimpedance changes depended on calf fluid status as assessed by calf normalized resistivity (CNR). Patients with lower calf fluid overload (as assessed by CNR greater than [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] kg[Formula: see text]) had larger decreases in calf fluid than patients with higher calf fluid overload. High CNR patients had fluid changes within the calf that depended on the ultrafiltration rate, with patients with lower ultrafiltration rates experiencing fluid shifts from extracellular to intracellular fluid. Additionally, there were correlations between changes in calf extra-, intra- and total- water and the ultrafiltration volume removed for high CNR patients ([Formula: see text], respectively, all p-values [Formula: see text] 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that while the relationship between calf fluid status and total fluid status is complex, changes in calf volumes comparable to those expected in an ambulatory setting are measurable and relate to changes in total volume. This suggests that calf bioimpedance measurements for CHF remote monitoring warrant future investigation, as remote fluid status management could reduce fluid overload related hospitalizations in CHF patients.
J-splines

Both the 4-point and the uniform cubic B-spline subdivisions double the number of vertices of a closed-loop polygon ^kP and produce sequences of vertices f"j and b"j respectively. We study the J-spline subdivision scheme J"s, introduced by Maillot and Stam, which blends these two methods to produce vertices of the form v"j=(1-s)f"j+sb"j. Iterative applications of J"s yield a family of limit curves, the shape of which is parameterized by s. They include four-point subdivision curves (J"0), uniform cubic B-spline curves (J"1), and uniform quintic B-spline curves (J"1"."5). We show that the limit curve is at least C^1 when [email protected][email protected]?5.8, C^2 when 0
Karl Kautsky and the Theory of Socialist Republicanism

This chapter defends Karl Kautsky’s conception of a socialist republic as an alternative to contemporary theories of radical democracy. It also defends Kautsky’s idea of the “democratic-proletarian method” as a means for social transformation and the democratisation of society and state. It ends with a critique of postmodern theories of radical democracy and defends a return to class as a means to re-animate socialist political theory.
Listeners can anticipate future segments before they identify the current one

Speech unfolds rapidly over time, and the information necessary to recognize even a single phoneme may not be available simultaneously. Consequently, listeners must both integrate prior acoustic cues and anticipate future segments. Prior work on stop consonants and vowels suggests that listeners integrate asynchronous cues by partially activating lexical entries as soon as any information is available, and then updating this when later cues arrive. However, a recent study suggests that for the voiceless sibilant fricatives (/s/ and /ʃ/), listeners wait to initiate lexical access until all cues have arrived at the onset of the vowel. Sibilants also contain coarticulatory cues that could be used to anticipate the vowel upcoming. However, given these results, it is unclear if listeners could use them fast enough to speed vowel recognition. The current study examines anticipation by asking when listeners use coarticulatory information in the frication to predict the upcoming vowel. A visual world paradigm experiment found that listeners do not wait: they anticipate the vowel immediately from the onset of the frication, even as they wait several hundred milliseconds to identify the fricative. This finding suggests listeners do not strictly process phonemes in the order that they appear; rather the dynamics of language processing may be largely internal and only loosely coupled to the dynamics of the input.
Ups and Downs: Social Media Advocacy of Bipolar Disorder on World Mental Health Day

Bipolar disorder is a serious illness that claims hundreds of lives each year. In a watershed movement as the framing of bipolar shifts, the disease is gaining more awareness after the diagnosis of Mariah Carey and advocacy by opinion leaders like Stephen Fry. Social media advocacy is a powerhouse that celebrities with bipolar disorder utilize each World Mental Health Day to reduce stigma and increase awareness of bipolar type 1, which constitutes highs of mania and lows of depression, bipolar type 2, which includes lower hypomania and depressions, alongside the less severe mood swings of cyclothymia. This study collected 160 celebrities’ social media posts on Twitter that were shared on World Mental Health Day. It randomly sampled amongst the Tweets for thematic and content analysis to discover valences in positive and negative experiences of bipolar disorder and the framing of bipolar. To study effects of opinion leaders on the public, this random sample of opinion leaders was compared to a cumulative census sample of Twitter posts by the public. The public Tweets were gathered a month afterwards following the mental health hashtags #bipolar and #bipolardisorder. The findings of the study provide guidelines for opinion leaders to craft social media posts to increase positive framing of bipolar disorder via positively valenced, encouraging messages. The study lays out what messages resonate with the general public to reduce bipolar disorder stigma. This establishes a basis for further social media campaigns focused on positive, constructive messages that improve the well-being of bipolar individuals globally. The findings suggest that under Roger’s diffusion of innovation theory, opinion leaders diagnosed with bipolar disorder are effectively shifting the dialogue surrounding mental health to one of stigma reduction and acceptance. Mainly positively valenced Tweets were shared about bipolar disorder in the general public Twitter sphere a month after opinion leaders communicated support, comfort and encouragement on World Mental Health Day under Burleson’s inferable communication goal guidelines. The study suggests that consistent positive messaging about bipolar shared by opinion leaders will have a lasting positive frame shift towards mental health awareness if this trend continues.
On the Maximum–Minimums Identity: Extension and Applications

For real numbers x1,…,xn the maximum–minimums identity allows us to express the maximum of x1,…,xn in terms of the minimums of subsets of {x1,…,xn} . In this note, we provide an extension allowing ...
Self-determined Recreational and Leisure Choices of Individuals with Deaf-Blindness:

Of the 51 adults who were deaf-blind and cognitively normal who were surveyed about their recreational preferences and practices, 50% were employed and 60% were unsatisfied with their current recre...
Bar-Chain Method for Analyzing Truss Deformation

Application of bar-chain method in analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate trusses; relationships between angles of inclination, and unit strains of members to actual rotations of members, and equivalent end rotations are established; application of method is illustrated by means of numerical examples.
IL-9 blockade attenuates inflammation in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important etiology of pneumonia. Interleukin (IL)-9 is a T helper 9 (Th9) cytokine and participates in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Here, we investigated the role of IL-9 by using an MRSA pneumonia animal model. The BALB/c mice underwent nasal inhalation with an ST239 MRSA strain to establish the mouse model of MRSA pneumonia, and a subset of mice were intravenously injected with IL-9 neutralizing antibody or immunoglobulin (Ig) G. At 3 and 8 days postinfection, the peripheral blood, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were collected. The frequencies of Th9 cells and the levels of cytokines in peripheral blood, BALF, and lung tissues were determined by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The colony counts of MRSA in BALF and lung tissue were detected. The lung pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data from flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and ELISA showed that MRSA-infected mice exhibited higher frequency of Th9 cells and higher IL-9 mRNA and protein levels in the peripheral blood, BALF, and lung tissues of mice. In contrast, the neutralization of IL-9 abrogated MRSA inoculation-induced Th9 cell generation and IL-9 production in BALF and lung tissues. Furthermore, bacterial counting and histological examination showed that the numbers of bacteria in BALF and lungs and the lung pathological scores induced by MRSA inoculation were attenuated by the neutralization of IL-9. Moreover, cell counting and ELISA results demonstrated that IL-9 neutralization diminished the MRSA inoculation-induced count of neutrophils and macrophages and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF. Collectively, IL-9 neutralization attenuated inflammation of MRSA pneumonia by regulating Th9/IL-9 expression.
Robustness of Superatoms and Their Potential as Building Blocks of Materials: Al13– vs B(CN)4–

Superatomic clusters, due to their unique size- and composition-specific properties, could form the building blocks of a new class of cluster-assembled materials, provided they can retain their str...