cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of mirasorvone, a defensive steroid from the sunburst diving beetle (Thermonectus marmoratus)

Abstract The structure and stereochemistry of mirasorvone, an 18-oxygenated pregnane from the defensive prothoracic glands of the sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus, has been confirmed by synthesis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
Hydrothermal oxidation-reduction methods for the preparation of pure and single crystalline alunites: synthesis and characterization of a new series of vanadium jarosites.

Three new redox-based, hydrothermal, synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of a new series of jarosites, AV3(OH)6(SO4)2 (A = Na+, K+, Rb+, Tl+, and NH4+), in high purity and in ...
Studies directed toward the total synthesis of acarbose : the trisaccharide domain

Abstract The use of glycals in the construction of α-glycosides is illustrated in the synthesis of the trisaccharide domain of acarbose.
Synthesis of long alkyl chain mono-and di-N-substituted 4-amino-N-methylphthalimides. Comparison of N-alkylation methods

4-Amino-N-methylphthalimide,1, was N-alkylated with the respectiven-alkyl sulfonates and halides. In the former case, the di-derivative4 was favored, while in the latter case, under phase transfer catalysis, the mono-derivative3 was predominant.
Design and synthesis of a novel intercalating isoxazolyl bis-lexitropsin conjugate

9-Anthracene nitrile oxide directly generated from 9-anthracenealdoxime and N-chlorosuccinamide (NCS), reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and affords the corresponding 3-(9′-anthra-cenyl)-isoxazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid ester (3) with good yield in a very short period. Double activation reaction between (3) and hydrogenated lexitropsin (5) in a 1:2 molar ratio, produced a bis-lexitropsin product (6) (major product) and mono-lexitropsin product (7).
Structural Probing of Ketone Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation

A series of chiral ketones derived from carbohydrates were investigated as catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation. Fructose-derived ketones are found to be efficient catalysts. The studies show that the structural requirements for the ketone catalysts are very stringent and different types of olefins may require ketones with different structural arrangements. The current study allows us to further understand the chiral ketone catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and provides some insight for the development of new catalysts.
A Water-Soluble Synthetic Bilirubin with Carboxyl Groups Replaced by Sulfonyl Moieties

The first symmetrical bilirubin analog with CO2H groups replaced by SO3H, 8,12-bis-(2-sulfo-ethyl)-3,17-diethyl-2,7,13,18-tetramethyl-(10H,21H,23H,24H)-bilin-1,19-dione, was synthesized from methyl (2,4-dimethyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl) acetate in nine steps via the sulfonic acid analog of xanthobilirubic acid (XBR) and isolated as its disodium salt. The sulfonic acid group was introduced at an early stage of the synthesis by reaction of an intermediate, ethyl 4-(2-bromoethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate, with sodium sulfite. The disodium bilirubin disulfonate exhibits NMR spectroscopic properties rather similar to those of the parent carboxylic acid, mesobilirubin-XIIIα; however, its UV/Vis spectra are blue-shifted and broadened relative to those of the parent compound. Like mesobilirubin, the disulfonate displays a positive exciton chirality circular dichroism spectrum, albeit with weaker Cotton effects, in a buffered aqueous solution (pH = 7.4) containing a 2:1 molar ratio of human serum albumin.
Opening the [4 + 2 + 2] cycloadducts of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienes (norbornadienes) to cis-fused bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes.

Tetracyclo[5.4.0.0.2,403,7]undec-9-enes, prepared by the transition-metal-catalyzed [4 + 2 + 2] homo-Diels−Alder reactions of norbornadiene and 1,3-butadienes, can be opened using either acid-promoted or Zeise's dimer-mediated cyclopropane ring cleavage, ultimately leading to cis-fused bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes (perhydroazulenes). Stereoselective functionalization of the olefin unit in the tetracycloundecenes to an alcohol or diol prior to ring opening is tolerated by the Zeise's dimer ([Pt(C2H4)Cl2]2) catalyst to yield highly functionalized bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes, which form the core structure of numerous sesquiterpenes.
Synthesis of nitrocyclopropyl peptidomimetics

Abstract Nitrocyclopropanation of amino-acid derived enones has led to a series of cyclopropyl peptidomimetics suitable for further elaboration to compounds with the potential for biological activity.
Enantioselective reduction of α-substituted ketones mediated by the boronate ester TarB-NO2

Abstract A facile and mild reduction procedure is reported for the preparation of chiral secondary alcohols prepared from α-substituted ketones using sodium borohydride and the chiral boronate ester ( l )-TarB-NO 2 . Direct reduction of substituted ketones bearing Lewis basic heteroatoms generally provided secondary alcohols of only modest enantiomeric excess likely due to either competition between the target carbonyl and the functionalized sidechains at the Lewis acidic boron atom in TarB-NO 2 or the added steric bulk of the α-sidechain. As an alternative method, these substrates were synthesized using TarB-NO 2 via a two-step procedure involving the reduction of an α-halo ketone to a chiral terminal epoxide, followed by regioselective/regiospecific epoxide opening by various nucleophiles. This procedure provides access to a variety of functionalized secondary alcohols including β-hydroxy ethers, thioethers, nitriles, and amines with enantiomeric excesses of 94% and yields up to 98%.
B-(3,3-Difluoroallyl)diisopinocampheylborane for the Enantioselective Fluoroallylboration of Aldehydes

The fluoroallylboration of aldehydes with B-(3,3-difluoroallyl)diisopinocampheylborane, which was prepared via the hydroboration of 1,1-difluoroallene, provides chiral 2,2-gem-difluorinated homoallylic alcohols in good yields and 91–97% ee.
Dihalomethylation of N-protected phenylalanine esters

Abstract Dihalomethylation of several N-protected amino acid esters gave N-protected α-aminoalkyl-α′-dihalomethylketones, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of erythro β-amino-α-hydroxycarboxylic acids, in good yield. The dihalomethylketones were successfully converted to N-protected α-aminoalkyl-α′-halomethylketones by selective catalytic hydrogenation.
Best-first heuristic search for multicore machines

To harness modern multicore processors, it is imperative to develop parallel versions of fundamental algorithms. In this paper, we compare different approaches to parallel best-first search in a shared-memory setting. We present a new method, PBNF, that uses abstraction to partition the state space and to detect duplicate states without requiring frequent locking. PBNF allows speculative expansions when necessary to keep threads busy. We identify and fix potential livelock conditions in our approach, proving its correctness using temporal logic. Our approach is general, allowing it to extend easily to suboptimal and anytime heuristic search. In an empirical comparison on STRIPS planning, grid pathfinding, and sliding tile puzzle problems using 8-core machines, we show that A*, weighted A* and Anytime weighted A* implemented using PBNF yield faster search than improved versions of previous parallel search proposals.
Synthesis and Reactions of Haloazodienes. A New and General Synthesis of Substituted Pyridazines.

The reaction of dihalohydrazones with Hunig's base gives 1-carbethoxy-3-phenyl-4-haloazodienes in-situ, which were found to combine with a variety of electron rich olefins to yield halo-substituted tetrahydropyridazines (Scheme 2 and Table 1 ). These haloazodiene cyclizations are best characterized as inverse electron demand, 4 + 2 hetero Diels−Alder reactions that maintain a high degree of regio- and stereochemical control (Schemes 5 and 6). The chloro-substituted tetrahydropyridazines that are formed give high yields of substituted pyridazines upon treatment with base (Table 1). The sequence of a chloroazodiene cyclization to a tetrahydropyridazine followed by an aromatization constitutes a new and general synthesis of substituted pyridazines. In contrast to the haloazodiene cyclizations, the novel cyclization reactions of the in-situ generated 1-carbethoxy-3-phenyl-4,4-dichloroazodiene were found to give N-aminopyrroles and pyridazines when combined with acyclic enamines (Table 3 ). However, reactions ...
An Electrochemistry Study of Cryoelectrolysis in Frozen Physiological Saline

Cryoelectrolysis is a new minimally invasive tissue ablation surgical technique that combines the processes of electrolysis and solid/liquid phase transformation (freezing). This study investigated this new technique by measuring the pH front propagation and the changes in resistance in a tissue simulant made of physiological saline gel with a pH dye as a function of the sample temperature in the high subzero range above the eutectic. Results demonstrated that effective electrolysis can occur in a high subzero freezing milieu and that the propagation of the pH front is only weakly dependent on temperature. These observations are consistent with a mechanism involving ionic movement through the concentrated saline solution channels between ice crystals at subfreezing temperatures above the eutectic. Moreover, results suggest that Joule heating in these microchannels may cause local microscopic melting, the observed weak dependence of pH front propagation on temperature, and the large changes in resistance with time. A final insight provided by the results is that the pH front propagation from the anode is more rapid than from the cathode, a feature indicative of the electro-osmotic flow from the cathode to the anode. The findings in this paper may be critical for designing future cryoelectrolytic ablation surgery protocols.
The New Inorganic Ligands TeCl2 and TeBr2: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Re6Te6Cl6(TeCl2)2 and [Re6Te8(TeBr2)6]Br2

TeBr2 and TeCl2, unstable molecules which have previously been characterized only in the gas phase, are present as ligands in the new cluster compounds Re6Te6Cl6(TeCl2)2 and [Re6Te8(TeBr2)6]Br2. In Re6Te6Cl6(TeCl2)2, the Re6 cluster core is inscribed in a cube constructed of six μ3-Te2- and two μ3-Cl- ligands. The Re3+ cations bonded to four μ3-Te2- anions are also ligated by neutral TeCl2 ligands. In [Re6Te8(TeBr2)6]2+, the Re6 cluster core is inscribed in a cube constructed of eight μ3-Te2- ligands and each Re3+ cation is terminated by a neutral TeBr2 ligand.
SLC19A1 Is an Importer of the Immunotransmitter cGAMP

Summary 2′3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the antiviral stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. We recently identified a novel role for cGAMP as a soluble, extracellular immunotransmitter that is produced and secreted by cancer cells. Secreted cGAMP is then sensed by host cells, eliciting an antitumoral immune response. Due to the antitumoral effects of cGAMP, other CDN-based STING agonists are currently under investigation in clinical trials for metastatic solid tumors. However, it is unknown how cGAMP and other CDNs cross the cell membrane to activate intracellular STING. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified SLC19A1 as the first known importer of cGAMP and other CDNs, including the investigational new drug 2′3′-bisphosphosphothioate-cyclic-di-AMP (2′3′-CDAS). These discoveries will provide insight into cGAMP’s role as an immunotransmitter and aid in the development of more targeted CDN-based cancer therapeutics.
Trifluoromethyl substituted 4-pyrones via self-condensation of trifluoroacetoacetates

When 3-(acetoxy)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoates 7 and 8 are heated at 100°, in the presence of catalytic amounts of zinc chloride, they undergo self-condensation to yield 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrones 1 and 2 respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 were further converted to the corresponding pyridine derivatives 3 and 4 via ammoniolysis.
Insertion of a Two-Dimensional Iron-Chloride Network between Perovskite Blocks. Synthesis and Characterization of the Layered Oxyhalide, (FeCl)LaNb2O7

A low-temperature (350 °C) ion-exchange reaction was used to insert Fe−Cl layers between the perovskite blocks of a double-layered Dion−Jacobson compound. The product, (FeCl)LaNb2O7, contains iron coordinated by two apical oxygens from the perovskite layer and four in-plane chlorines within the interlayer space. Rietveld structural analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data confirms the formation of the two-dimensional iron−chlorine networks with the iron cations moving slightly off the ideal octahedral coordination. Thermal analyses in oxygen, argon, and hydrogen showed this compound is metastable, decomposing exothermically between 600 and 750 °C. Magnetic measurements show Curie−Weiss behavior at higher temperatures consistent with Fe2+ in a high-spin d6 configuration. At lower temperatures two transitions are observed: below 80 K an antiferromagnetic transition occurs, and below 10 K spins realign in a ferromagnetic fashion.
Tropomyosin 3.5 protects the F-actin networks required for tissue biomechanical properties.

Tropomyosins (Tpms) stabilize F-actin and regulate interactions with other actin-binding proteins. The eye lens changes shape in order to fine focus light to transmit a clear image, and thus lens organ function is tied to its biomechanical properties, presenting an opportunity to study Tpm functions in tissue mechanics. Mouse lenses contain Tpm3.5 (TM5NM5), a previously unstudied isoform associated with F-actin on lens fiber cell membranes. Decreased levels of Tpm3.5 lead to softer and less mechanically resilient lenses that are unable to resume their original shape after compression. While cell organization and morphology appear unaffected, Tmod1 dissociates from the membrane in Tpm3.5-deficient lens fiber cells resulting in reorganization of the spectrin-F-actin and α-actinin-F-actin networks at the membrane. These rearranged F-actin networks appear to be less able to support mechanical load and resilience leading to an overall change in tissue mechanical properties. This is the first in vivo evidence that Tpm is essential for cell biomechanical stability in a load-bearing non-muscle tissue and indicates that Tpm3.5 protects mechanically stable, load-bearing F-actin in vivo .
The hunt for LaFeSbO: Synthesis of La2SbO2 and a case of mistaken identity

Abstract The phase La 2 SbO 2 has been identified and characterized in the course of our efforts to realize LaFeSbO, a composition of great interest to the superconductor community. The compound La 2 SbO 2 is a tetragonal layered oxypnictide containing La 2 O 2 layers similar to La MPn O compositions (where M =transition metal, Pn =pnictide) separated by pnictide anion layers. In order to better understand why LaFeSbO has remained elusive, density functional theory calculations have been used to determine the ground state heats of formation for LaFeSbO, La 2 SbO 2 , and other competing phases within the La–Fe–Sb–O system, as well as the phonon spectrum for LaFeSbO. These efforts suggest that LaFeSbO is a potentially metastable composition.
Growth of Self-Aligned Crystalline Cobalt Silicide Nanostructures from Co Nanoparticles

We have developed a new method with which we can for the first time produce self-aligned cobalt silicide (CoSi2) nanostructures from Co nanoparticles. These nanostructures are formed by reacting Co nanoparticles with Si substrates at 900 °C. Their dimensions are normally 3 to 10 nm wide and up to a few micrometers long. The orientations of these nanostructures are controlled by the crystalline substrate, as they are orthogonally and hexagonally aligned on Si(100) and Si(111), respectively. Because these self-aligned nanostructures (SAN) are thermally stable up to 1000 °C in air and chemically inert to prolonged treatment with strong acids, and because their sizes are uniform and much smaller than those made from lithography, they can be ideal materials for making components such as electric contacts, interconnects, and gates for future nanoelectronics.
First generation design, synthesis, and evaluation of azepine-based cryptophycin analogues.

Azepine-based cryptophycin mimics (+)-4 and (+)-5 have been designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation revealed modest in vitro activity against several human tumor cell lines, thereby supporting the utility of novel scaffolds for the design and synthesis of cryptophycin analogues.
New cytochalasins: Synthetic studies of a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor

By using a benzyl copper reagent (e.g. 10→11) in combination with titanium enolate chemistry (e.g. 12→13) a concise sequence has been developed for the rapid introduction of functionality found in the cytochalasin HIV protease inhibitor (1).
Adamantane-Constrained Novel Cyclodepsipeptides: Crystal Structure and Self-Assembling Properties of Cyclo(Adm-Ser)2 and Cyclo(Adm-Ser-Xaa)2, Xaa = Val/Ser

Crystallographic studies on three members of a novel class of cyclodepsipeptides, containing adamantane units in the cyclic framework, are described. While the 18-membered cyclo(Adm-Ser)2 (1) shows a simple structure with no internal hydrogen bonds, the higher members, cyclo(Adm-Ser-Val)2 (2) and cyclo(Adm-Ser-Ser)2 (3), exhibit interesting secondary structural features in the solid state. The two boat-shaped conformers of 2 assemble in a head-to-head fashion, giving rise to dimeric structures with water-filled channels, and show ion-transport properties. The molecule 3 revealed a unique intramolecular antiparallel β-sheet formed by complementary hydrogen bonding between the backbone NH groups and the side chain ester carbonyls. The self-assembly patterns in the solid state are a hydrogen-bonded chain in 1 and infinite ribbons in 2 and 3.
Heptakis-6-amino-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin as a catalyst for H/D exchange

Abstract Heptakis-6-amino-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin 2 at pD = 6.50, 20°C catalyzes CH/CD exchange in malonic acid, pyruvic acid and acetaldehyde. Accelerations as large as 3800 were observed.
Hydroxy alkenenitriles: diastereoselective conjugate addition-alkylations.

Chelation-controlled conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to cyclic and acyclic γ-hydroxyalkenenitriles stereoselectively generates β-substituted hydroxynitriles. t-BuMgCl-induced deprotonation of γ-hydroxyalkenenitriles followed by chloride−alkyl exchange from a second Grignard reagent, generates an alkylmagnesium alkoxide that triggers conjugate addition. Alkylation of the resulting magnesiated nitrile with alkyl halide and carbonyl electrophiles efficiently installs two new bonds and up to three stereocenters in a single synthetic operation.
A Co-Training Model with Label Propagation on a Bipartite Graph to Identify Online Users with Disabilities

Collecting data from representative users with disabilities for accessibility research is time and resource consuming. With the proliferation of social media websites, many online spaces have emerged for people with disabilities. The information accumulated in such places is of great value for data collection and participant recruiting. However, there are also many active non-representative users in such online spaces such as medical practitioners, caretakers, or family members. In this work, we introduce a novel co-training model based on the homophily phenomenon observed among online users with the same disability. The model combines a variational label propagation algorithm and a naive Bayes classifier to identify online users who have the same disability. We evaluated this model on a dataset collected from Reddit and the results show improvements over traditional models.
Tissue- and cell-specific expression of a splice variant in the II-III cytoplasmic loop of Cacna1b.

Presynaptic CaV 2.2 (N-type) channels are fundamental for transmitter release across the nervous system. The gene encoding CaV 2.2 channels, Cacna1b, contains alternatively spliced exons that result in functionally distinct splice variants (e18a, e24a, e31a, and 37a/37b). Alternative splicing of the cassette exon 18a generates two mRNA transcripts (+e18a-Cacna1b and ∆e18a-Cacna1b). In this study, using novel mouse genetic models and in situ hybridization (BaseScope™), we confirmed that +e18a-Cacna1b splice variants are expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain. We expanded these studies and identified +e18a-Cacna1b mRNA in deep cerebellar cells and spinal cord motor neurons. Furthermore, we determined that +e18a-Cacna1b is enriched in cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons. Our results provide key information to understand cell-specific functions of CaV 2.2 channels.
Polynomial-time right-ideal morphisms and congruences

We continue with the functional approach to the P-versus-NP problem, begun in [J. C. Birget, Semigroups and one-way functions, Int. J. Algebra Comput. 25(1–2) (2015) 3–36; J. C. Birget, Infinitely ...
Efficient identification of equivalences in dynamic graphs and pedigree structures.

Abstract We propose a new framework for designing test and query functions for complex structures that vary across a given parameter such as genetic marker position. The operations we are interested in include equality testing, set operations, isolating unique states, duplication counting, or finding equivalence classes under identifiability constraints. A motivating application is locating equivalence classes in identity-by-descent (IBD) graphs, which are graph structures in pedigree analysis that change over genetic marker location. The nodes of these graphs are unlabeled and identified only by their connecting edges, a constraint easily handled by our approach. The general framework introduced is powerful enough to build a range of testing functions for IBD graphs, dynamic populations, and other structures using a minimal set of operations. The theoretical and algorithmic properties of our approach are analyzed and proved. Computational results on several simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of ou...
Axial symmetry for fractional capillarity droplets

AbstractA classical result of Wente, motivated by the study of sessile capillarity droplets, demonstrates the axial symmetry of every hypersurface which meets a hyperplane at a constant angle and has mean curvature dependent only on the distance from that hyperplane. An analogous result is proven here for the fractional mean curvature operator.
Smart fog: Fog computing framework for unsupervised clustering analytics in wearable Internet of Things

The increasing use of wearables in smart telehealth system led to the generation of large medical big data. Cloud and fog services leverage these data for assisting clinical procedures. IoT Healthcare has been benefited from this large pool of generated data. This paper suggests the use of low-resource machine learning on Fog devices kept close to wearables for smart telehealth. For traditional telecare systems, the signal processing and machine learning modules are deployed in the cloud that processes physiological data. This paper presents a Fog architecture that relied on unsupervised machine learning big data analysis for discovering patterns in physiological data. We developed a prototype using Intel Edison and Raspberry Pi that was tested on real-world pathological speech data from telemonitoring of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Proposed architecture employed machine learning for analysis of pathological speech data obtained from smart watches worn by the patients with PD. Results show that proposed architecture is promising for low-resource machine learning. It could be useful for other applications within wearable IoT for smart telehealth scenarios by translating machine learning approaches from the cloud backend to edge computing devices such as Fog.
Low-distortion embeddings of graphs with large girth

The main purpose of the paper is to construct a sequence of graphs of constant degree with indefinitely growing girths admitting embeddings into l1 with uniformly bounded distortions. This result solves the problem posed by N. Linial, A. Magen, and A. Naor (2002).
An Empirical Evaluation of various Deep Learning Architectures for Bi-Sequence Classification Tasks

Several tasks in argumentation mining and debating, question-answering, and natural language inference involve classifying a sequence in the context of another sequence (referred as bi-sequence classification). For several single sequence classification tasks, the current state-of-the-art approaches are based on recurrent and convolutional neural networks. On the other hand, for bi-sequence classification problems, there is not much understanding as to the best deep learning architecture. In this paper, we attempt to get an understanding of this category of problems by extensive empirical evaluation of 19 different deep learning architectures (specifically on different ways of handling context) for various problems originating in natural language processing like debating, textual entailment and question-answering. Following the empirical evaluation, we offer our insights and conclusions regarding the architectures we have considered. We also establish the first deep learning baselines for three argumentation mining tasks.
Decorated Feynman categories

In [KW14], the new concept of Feynman categories was introduced to simplify the discussion of operad--like objects. In this present paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, by introducing the concept of decorated Feynman categories. The procedure takes a Feynman category $\mathfrak F$ and a functor $\mathcal O$ to a monoidal category to produce a new Feynman category ${\mathfrak F}_{dec {\mathcal O}}$. This in one swat explains the existence of non--sigma operads, non--sigma cyclic operads, and the non--sigma--modular operads of Markl as well as all the usual candidates simply from the category $\mathfrak G$, which is a full subcategory of the category of graphs of [BM08]. Moreover, we explain the appearance of terminal objects noted in [Mar15]. We can then easily extend this for instance to the dihedral case. Furthermore, we obtain graph complexes and all other known operadic type notions from decorating and restricting the basic Feynman category $\mathfrak G$ of aggregates of corollas. We additionally show that the construction is functorial. There are further geometric and number theoretic applications, which will follow in a separate preprint.
A Novel Experimental Platform for In-Vessel Multi-Chemical Molecular Communications

This work presents a new multi-chemical experimental platform for molecular communication (MC) where the transmitter can release different chemicals. This platform is designed to be inexpensive and accessible, and it can be expanded to simulate different environments such as a portion of the body's cardiovascular system or a complex network of pipes in industrial complexes and city infrastructures. To demonstrate the capabilities of the platform, we implement a time-slotted binary communication system where information is carried via the pH of transmitted signals and, in particular, a 0-bit is represented by an acid pulse, and a 1-bit by a base pulse. The channel model for this system, which is nonlinear and has a long memory due to chemical reactions, is unknown. Therefore, we devise novel detection algorithms that use techniques from machine learning and deep learning to train a maximum-likelihood detector. Using these algorithms, the bit error rate (BER) improves by an order of magnitude relative to the approach used in previous works. Moreover, our system achieves a data rate that is an order of magnitude higher than any of the previous MC platforms.
Puiseux monoids and transfer homomorphisms

Abstract There are several families of atomic monoids whose arithmetical invariants have received a great deal of attention during the last two decades. The factorization theory of finitely generated monoids, strongly primary monoids, Krull monoids, and C-monoids are among the most systematically studied. Puiseux monoids, which are additive submonoids of Q ≥ 0 consisting of nonnegative rational numbers, have only been studied recently. In this paper, we provide evidence that this family comprises plenty of monoids with a basically unexplored atomic structure. We do this by showing that the arithmetical invariants of the well-studied atomic monoids mentioned earlier cannot be transferred to most Puiseux monoids via homomorphisms that preserve atomic configurations, i.e., transfer homomorphisms. Specifically, we show that transfer homomorphisms from a non-finitely generated atomic Puiseux monoid to a finitely generated monoid do not exist. We also find a large family of Puiseux monoids that fail to be strongly primary. In addition, we prove that the only nontrivial Puiseux monoid that accepts a transfer homomorphism to a Krull monoid is N 0 . Finally, we classify the Puiseux monoids that happen to be C-monoids.
Overpartition rank differences modulo 7 by Maass forms

Abstract Using that the overpartition rank function is the holomorphic part of a harmonic Maass form, we deduce formulas for the rank differences modulo 7. To do so we make improvements on the current state of the overpartition rank function in terms of harmonic Maass forms by giving simple formulas for the transformations under SL 2 ( Z ) as well as formulas for orders at cusps.
Guigle: a GUI search engine for Android apps

The process of developing a mobile application typically starts with the ideation and conceptualization of its user interface. This concept is then translated into a set of mock-ups to help determine how well the user interface embodies the intended features of the app. After the creation of mock-ups developers then translate it into an app that runs in a mobile device. In this paper we propose an approach, called Guigle, that aims to facilitate the process of conceptualizing the user interface of an app through GUI search. Guigle indexes GUI images and metadata extracted using automated dynamic analysis on a large corpora of apps extracted from Google Play. To perform a search, our approach uses information from text displayed on a screen, user interface components, the app name, and screen color palettes to retrieve relevant screens given a query. Furthermore, we provide a lightweight query language that allows for intuitive search of screens. We evaluate Guigle with real users and found that, on average, 68.8% of returned screens were relevant to the specified query. Additionally, users found the various different features of Guigle useful, indicating that our search engine provides an intuitive user experience. Finally, users agree that the information presented by Guigle is useful in conceptualizing the design of new screens for applications. Video URL: https://youtu.be/hqUuuMMj2BU
Groups with the same cohomology as their profinite completions

Abstract For any positive integer n, A n is the class of all groups G such that, for 0 ⩽ i ⩽ n , H i ( G ˆ , A ) ≅ H i ( G , A ) for every finite discrete G ˆ -module A. We describe certain types of free products with amalgam and HNN extensions that are in some of the classes A n . In addition, we investigate the residually finite groups in the class A 2 .
The Frobenius exponent of Cartier subalgebras

Abstract Let R be a standard graded finitely generated algebra over an F-finite field of prime characteristic, localized at its maximal homogeneous ideal. In this note, we prove that the Frobenius complexity of R is finite. Moreover, we extend this result to Cartier subalgebras of R.
Defining Curvature as a Measure via Gauss-Bonnet on Certain Singular Surfaces

We show how to define curvature as a measure using the Gauss–Bonnet Theorem on a family of singular surfaces obtained by gluing together smooth surfaces along boundary curves. We find an explicit formula for the curvature measure as a sum of three types of measures: absolutely continuous measures, measures supported on singular curves, and discrete measures supported on singular points. We discuss the spectral asymptotics of the Laplacian on these surfaces.
Algebraic properties of quandle extensions and values of cocycle knot invariants

Quandle 2-cocycles define invariants of classical and virtual knots, and extensions of quandles. We show that the quandle 2-cocycle invariant with respect to a non-trivial 2-cocycle is constant, or takes some other restricted form, for classical knots when the corresponding extensions satisfy certain algebraic conditions. In particular, if an abelian extension is a conjugation quandle, then the corresponding cocycle invariant is constant. Specific examples are presented from the list of connected quandles of order less than 48. Relations among various quandle epimorphisms involved are also examined.
Integrating active sensing into reactive synthesis with temporal logic constraints under partial observations

We introduce the notion of online reactive planning with sensing actions for systems with temporal logic constraints in partially observable and dynamic environments. With incomplete information on the dynamic environment, reactive controller synthesis amounts to solving a two-player game with partial observations, which has impractically computational complexity. To alleviate the high computational burden, online replanning via sensing actions avoids solving the strategy in the reactive system under partial observations. Instead, we only solve for a strategy that ensures a given temporal logic specification can be satisfied had the system have complete observations of its environment. Such a strategy is then transformed into one which makes control decisions based on the observed sequence of states (of the interacting system and its environment). When the system encounters a belief—a set including all possible hypotheses the system has for the current state—for which the observation-based strategy is undefined, a sequence of sensing actions are triggered, chosen by an active sensing strategy, to reduce the uncertainty in the system's belief. We show that by alternating between the observation-based strategy and the active sensing strategy, under a mild technical assumption of the set of sensors in the system, the given temporal logic specification can be satisfied with probability 1.
Learning values across many orders of magnitude

Most learning algorithms are not invariant to the scale of the signal that is being approximated. We propose to adaptively normalize the targets used in the learning updates. This is important in value-based reinforcement learning, where the magnitude of appropriate value approximations can change over time when we update the policy of behavior. Our main motivation is prior work on learning to play Atari games, where the rewards were clipped to a predetermined range. This clipping facilitates learning across many different games with a single learning algorithm, but a clipped reward function can result in qualitatively different behavior. Using adaptive normalization we can remove this domain-specific heuristic without diminishing overall performance.
Deep Representation Learning for Social Network Analysis.

Social network analysis is an important problem in data mining. A fundamental step for analyzing3social networks is to encode network data into low-dimensional representations, i.e., network4embeddings, so that the network topology structure and other attribute information can be5effectively preserved. Network representation leaning facilitates further applications such as6classification, link prediction, anomaly detection and clustering. In addition, techniques based on7deep neural networks have attracted great interests over the past a few years. In this survey, we8conduct a comprehensive review of current literature in network representation learning utilizing9neural network models. First, we introduce the basic models for learning node representations in10homogeneous networks. Meanwhile, we will also introduce some extensions of the base models11in tackling more complex scenarios, such as analyzing attributed networks, heterogeneous12networks and dynamic networks. Then, we introduce the techniques for embedding subgraphs.13After that, we present the applications of network representation learning. At the end, we discuss14some promising research directions for future work
Invariants for turaev genus one links

The Turaev genus defines a natural filtration on knots where Turaev genus zero knots are precisely the alternating knots. We show that the signature of a Turaev genus one knot is determined by the number of components in its all-A Kauffman state, the number of positive crossings, and its determinant. We also show that either the leading or trailing coefficient of the Jones polynomial of a Turaev genus one link (or an almost alternating link) has absolute value one.
A Shiny Update to an Old Experiment Game

Games can be a powerful tool for learning about statistical methodology. Effective game design involves a fine balance between caricature and realism, to simultaneously illustrate salient concepts ...
Error-robust multi-view clustering

In the era of big data, data may come from multiple sources, known as multi-view data. Multi-view clustering aims at generating better clusters by exploiting complementary and consistent information from multiple views rather than relying on the individual view. Due to inevitable system errors caused by data-captured sensors or others, the data in each view may be erroneous. Various types of errors behave differently and inconsistently in each view. More precisely, error could exhibit as noise and corruptions in reality. Unfortunately, none of the existing multi-view clustering approaches handle all of these error types. Consequently, their clustering performance is dramatically degraded. In this paper, we propose a novel Markov chain method for Error-Robust Multi-View Clustering (EMVC). By decomposing each view into a shared transition probability matrix and error matrix and imposing structured sparsity-inducing norms on error matrices, we characterize and handle typical types of errors explicitly. To solve the challenging optimization problem, we propose a new efficient algorithm based on Augmented Lagrangian Multipliers and prove its convergence rigorously. Experimental results on various synthetic and real-world datasets show the superiority of the proposed EMVC method over the baseline methods and its robustness against different types of errors.
OPEN PROJECTIONS IN OPERATOR ALGEBRAS I: COMPARISON THEORY

We begin a program of generalizing basic elements of the theory of comparison, equivalence, and subequivalence, of elements in C � -algebras, to the setting of more general algebras. In particular, we follow the recent lead of Lin, Ortega, Rordam, and Thiel of studying these equivalences, etc., in terms of open projections or module isomorphisms. We also define and characterize a new class of inner ideals in operator algebras, and develop a matching theory of open partial isometries in operator ideals which simultaneously generalize the open projections in operator algebras (in the sense of the authors and Hay), and the open partial isometries (tripotents) introduced by the authors.
Poisson matrix completion

We extend the theory of matrix completion to the case where we make Poisson observations for a subset of entries of a low-rank matrix. We consider the (now) usual matrix recovery formulation through maximum likelihood with proper constraints on the matrix M of size d 1 -by-d 2 , and establish theoretical upper and lower bounds on the recovery error. Our bounds are nearly optimal up to a factor on the order of O(log(d 1 d 2 )). These bounds are obtained by adapting the arguments used for one-bit matrix completion [1] (although these two problems are different in nature) and the adaptation requires new techniques exploiting properties of the Poisson likelihood function and tackling the difficulties posed by the locally sub-Gaussian characteristic of the Poisson distribution. Our results highlight a few important distinctions of Poisson matrix completion compared to the prior work in matrix completion including having to impose a minimum signal-to-noise requirement on each observed entry. We also develop an efficient iterative algorithm and demonstrate its good performance in recovering solar flare images.
Homotopy Type of Intervals of the Second Higher Bruhat Orders

The higher Bruhat order is a poset generalizing the weak order on permutations. Another special case of this poset is an ordering on simple wiring diagrams. For this case, we prove that every interval is either contractible or homotopy equivalent to a sphere. This partially proves a conjecture due to Reiner. Our proof uses some tools developed by Felsner and Weil to study wiring diagrams.
Distributed control of inverter-based lossy microgrids for power sharing and frequency regulation under voltage constraints

This paper presents a new distributed control framework to coordinate inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in island microgrids. We show that under bounded load uncertainties, the proposed control method can steer the microgrid to a desired steady state with synchronized inverter frequency across the network and proportional sharing of both active and reactive powers among the inverters. We also show that such convergence can be achieved while respecting constraints on voltage magnitude and branch angle differences. The controller is robust under various contingency scenarios, including loss of communication links and failures of DERs. The proposed controller is applicable to lossy mesh microgrids with heterogeneous R/X distribution lines and reasonable parameter variations. Simulations based on various microgrid operation scenarios are also provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
On classical solutions of linear stochastic integro-differential equations

We prove the existence of classical solutions to parabolic linear stochastic integro-differential equations with adapted coefficients using Feynman–Kac transformations, conditioning, and the interlacing of space-inverses of stochastic flows associated with the equations. The equations are forward and the derivation of existence does not use the “general theory” of SPDEs. Uniqueness is proved in the class of classical solutions with polynomial growth.
Periodic homogenization of Green’s functions for Stokes systems

This paper is devoted to establishing the uniform estimates and asymptotic behaviors of the Green’s functions $$(G_\varepsilon ,\Pi _\varepsilon )$$ (and fundamental solutions $$(\Gamma _\varepsilon , Q_\varepsilon )$$ ) for the Stokes system with periodically oscillating coefficients (including a system of linear incompressible elasticity). Particular emphasis will be placed on the new oscillation estimates for the pressure component $$\Pi _\varepsilon $$ . Also, for the first time we prove the adjustable uniform estimates (i.e., Lipschitz estimate for velocity and oscillation estimate for pressure) by making full use of the Green’s functions. Via these estimates, we establish the asymptotic expansions of $$G_\varepsilon ,\nabla G_\varepsilon , \Pi _\varepsilon $$ and more, with a tiny loss on the errors. Some estimates obtained in this paper are new even for Stokes system with constant coefficients, and possess potential applications in homogenization of Stokes or elasticity system.
Nonlocal General Relativity

A brief account of the present status of the recent nonlocal generalization of Einstein’s theory of gravitation is presented. The main physical assumptions that underlie this theory are described. We clarify the physical meaning and significance of Weitzenbock’s torsion and emphasize its intimate relationship with the gravitational field, characterized by the Riemannian curvature of spacetime. In this theory, nonlocality can simulate dark matter; in fact, in the Newtonian regime, we recover the phenomenological Tohline–Kuhn approach to modified gravity. To account for the observational data regarding dark matter, nonlocality is associated with a characteristic length scale of order 1 kpc. The confrontation of nonlocal gravity with observation is briefly discussed.
Dini estimates for nonlocal fully nonlinear elliptic equations

Abstract We obtain Dini type estimates for a class of concave fully nonlinear nonlocal elliptic equations of order σ ∈ ( 0 , 2 ) with rough and non-symmetric kernels. The proof is based on a novel application of Campanato's approach and a refined C σ + α estimate in [9] .
Ionization by an oscillating field: Resonances and photons

We describe new exact results for a model of ionization of a bound state in a 1d delta function potential, induced by periodic oscillations of the potential of period $$2\pi /\omega $$ . In particular we have obtained exact expressions, in the form of Borel summed transseries for the energy distribution of the emitted particle as a function of time, $$\omega $$ and strength $$\alpha $$ of the oscillation of the potential. These show peaks in the energy distribution, separated by $$\hbar \omega $$ , which look like single or multi-photon absorption. The peaks are very sharp when the time is large and the strength of the oscillating potential is small but are still clearly visible for large fields, and even for time-periods of a few oscillations. These features are similar to those observed in laser induced electron emission from solids or atoms (Phys Rev Lett 105:257601, 2010). For large $$\alpha $$ the model exhibits peak-suppression. The ionization probability is not monotone in the strength of the oscillating potential: there are windows of much slower ionization at special pairs $$(\alpha ,\omega )$$ . This shows that ionization processes by time-periodic fields exhibit universal features whose mathematical origin are resonances which pump energy into the system represented by singularities in the complex energy plane. All these features are proven in our simple model system without the use of any approximations.
DECOMPOSITIONS OF BERNSTEIN–SATO POLYNOMIALS AND SLICES

Let G be a linearly reductive group acting on a vector space V, and f a semi-invariant polynomial on V. In this paper we study systematically decompositions of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial of f in parallel with some representation-theoretic properties of the action of G on V. We provide a technique based on a multiplicity one property, that we use to compute the Bernstein–Sato polynomials of several classical invariants in an elementary fashion. Furthermore, we derive a “slice method” which shows that the decomposition of V as a representation of G can induce a decomposition of the Bernstein–Sato polynomial of f into a product of two Bernstein–Sato polynomials – that of an ideal and that of a semi-invariant of smaller degree. Using the slice method, we compute Bernstein–Sato polynomials for a large class of semi-invariants of quivers.
Parameter and Insertion Function Co-synthesis for Opacity Enhancement in Parametric Stochastic Discrete Event Systems

Opacity is a property that characterizes the system's capability to keep its “secret” from being inferred by an intruder that partially observes the system's behavior. In this paper, we are concerned with enhancing the opacity using insertion functions, while at the same time, enforcing the task specification in a parametric stochastic discrete event system. We first obtain the parametric Markov decision process that encodes all the possible insertions. Based on which, we convert this parameter and insertion function co-synthesis problem into a nonlinear program such that the security and the task specification can be simultaneously guaranteed.