cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformational stability of bromocyclohexane from temperature dependent FT-IR spectra of xenon solutions, r0 structural parameters and vibrational assignment

Abstract The infrared spectra (3200–30 cm −1 ) of the gas, amorphous and annealed solid and Raman spectra (3200–30 cm −1 ) of liquid and solid bromocyclohexane ( c -C 6 H 11 Br) have been recorded. Variable temperature (−55 to −100 o C) studies of the infrared spectra (3200–400 cm −1 ) of bromocyclohexane ( c -C 6 H 11 Br) dissolved in liquefied xenon have been carried out. From these data, the enthalpy difference has been determined to be 239 ± 24 cm −1 (2.86 ± 0.29 kJ mol −1 ), with the chair-equatorial conformer the most stable form. At ambient temperature, the abundance of the chair-axial conformer is 24% ± 2. From MP2 ab initio calculations utilizing various basis sets with and without diffuse functions, the equatorial conformer is predicted to be more stable by 168 ± 22 cm −1 from the four largest basis set calculations. However, the average from the corresponding B3LYP density functional theory calculations is 300 ± 16 cm −1 which, considering the error, is consistent with the experimental value. By utilizing the previously reported microwave rotational constants for two isotopomers ( 79 Br, 81 Br) combined with the structural parameters predicted from the MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) calculations, adjusted r 0 structural parameters have been obtained. The determined heavy atom distances for the most stable chair-equatorial conformer in A are r 0 (C 1 –C 7 , 8 ) = 1.532(3); r 0 (C 7 , 8 –C 13 , 14 ) = 1.539(3); r 0 (C 4 –C 13 , 14 ) = 1.524(3); and r 0 (C 4 –Br 6 ) = 1.966(5) and the angles in degrees: ∠C 1 C 7 , 8 C 13 , 14 = 111.3(5)°; ∠Br 6 C 4 C 13 , 14 = 109.8(5)° with the two dihedral angles ∠C 8 C 1 C 7 C 13 = 55.9(10)° and ∠C 14 C 4 C 13 C 7 = 57.7(10)° .For the axial form the major differences in distances are obtained for the r 0 (C 7,8 –C 13,14 ) = 1.531(3) and r 0 (C–Br) = 1.975(3) A. These parameters are in good agreement with those reported earlier from microwave and electron diffraction studies where the CC and CH distances were all assumed to be equal. A few of the previously reported vibrational assignments have been corrected. The results of these spectroscopic and theoretical studies are discussed and compared to the corresponding results for some similar molecules.
Blood clam (Anadara inflata) hemoglobins. Partitions in aqueous two-polymer phase systems and alkali denaturation

Abstract Anadara inflata is a clam which not only has red blood cells in its hemolymph but these nucleated cells also contain two hemoglobins. Clam hemoglobins were subjected to partition in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems and their denaturation by alkali was studied. 1. 1. The two hemoglobins, I and II, in the clam, which have, respectively, mol. wts. 34000 and 68000, but are structurally distinct, give slightly higher partition coefficients (K) than human hemoglobin A (which has the highest K of all mammalian hemoglobins studied so far). They are not, however, too different from each other at thier isoelectric points. These data reinforce the finding that hemeproteins (unlike nonhemeprotiens) give K values in two-polymer phase systems that are relatively independent of their molecular weights. 2. 2. Isoelectric points of the two hemoglobins were determined by the simple, recently described method of ‘cross-partition’ in the two-polymer phases and found to be pH 9.0 for hemoglobin I and 5.9 for hemoglobin II. 3. 3. Hemoglobins I and II were found to differ in their resistance to alkalai. The alkali resistant hemoglobin constitutes 60–70% of the total hemoglobin; the remainder is non-resistant to alkalai. Column chromatography of clam hemoglobins (which yields a similar 65/35 ratio) suggests that the alkalai resistant component is hemoglobin II. Hemoglobin I is, however, more resistant to heat denaturation than is hemoglobin II.
Towards Inherently Useful Theory: A Management Example

Insights derived from the theory of complex systems and theoretical biology suggest that “small‐scale modelling” may be valuable in the construction of management theory. Small‐scale modelling can be used to embed managerial perspectives in models. For that reason small‐scale modelling shows some prospect for producing what might be called inherently useful theory, namely, theory that recognizes the pragmatic limitations accompanying its use. As an example of the modelling approach, examines aspects of the management of workgroup routine. Considers directions for further research.
Late-Wisconsin vegetational changes in unglaciated Eastern North America

Abstract Recent pollen and macrofossil data from the Southeast is consistent with a displacement of boreal forest species by over 1000 km during full-glacial time. Data from west of the Appalachians suggests a displacement of some 600 km. Thus boreal forests were developed in a broad area south of the ice margin. Few deciduous forest elements persisted in that region. The displacement appears to have been azonal. There is good evidence to suggest a significant mid-Wisconsin interstadial (23,00036,000 BP) characterized by a more temperate biota.
Impact of flow-simulation parameters on saturation scales and seismic velocity

Scales of fluid saturation below seismic resolution introduce uncertainties in the interpretation of seismic velocity. A “coarse‐scale” or “patchy” distribution always has a higher effective seismic velocity than a “fine‐scale” or “uniform” distribution. We present a multidisciplinary study which links rock physics and seismic modeling with reservoir engineering, and provides strategies to reduce uncertainties in saturation scales. In our study, we performed fine‐scale flow simulations that helped us to understand which reservoir parameters control the subseismic‐resolution fluid distribution. Our studies show that when gas is injected into oil reservoirs, gravitational forces induce the formation of subresolution gas caps, which lead to patchy saturation at seismic scales. We also learned that the uniform saturation model is appropriate for most waterflooding into oil and for primary production scenarios where gas comes out of solution. Fluid density contrasts, mobility ratios, and residual oil saturatio...
Applications of dynamic bond percolation theory to the dielectric response of polymer electrolytes

Abstract Our recently-developed dynamic bond percolation model is extended and applied to polymer electrolytes by assuming an approximate form for the relaxation of the carrier mean-square displacement to its asymptotic value below the percolation threshold, with similar assumptions for the short-range motion of the ionic charges bound to the polymer host. The parameters characterizing the long-range-motion part of the carrier response are shown to be fully determined in terms of the bond percolation parameters, thereby allowing comparison with the exact analytic solution presently available only in one dimension. The behavior of the dielectric response based on the assumed functional form of 〈r2>0(t) (the mean-square carrier displacement from its initial position in a frozen lattice) is shown to be given by a sum of Debye dielectric loss peaks, and is compared with frequency-dependent data for PEO·NaSCN.
Optimal sensor configuration in remote image formation

Determination of optimal sensor configuration is an important issue in many remote imaging modalities such as tomographic and interferometric imaging. In this paper, a statistical optimality criterion is defined and a search is performed over the space of candidate sensor locations to determine the configuration that optimizes the criterion over all candidates. To make the search process computationally feasible, a modified version of a previously proposed sub-optimal backward greedy algorithm is used. Connections of the method to the deterministic backward greedy algorithm for the subset selection problem are presented and a conjecture on the optimality of the proposed method is suggested. Three compelling optimality criteria are introduced and their performance is investigated through numerical experiments for a tomographic imaging scenario. In all cases, it is verified that the chosen configuration by the proposed algorithm performs better than wisely chosen alternatives.
On the Emergence of Science and Justice

In the last few years, justice has emerged as a matter of concern for the contemporary constitution of technoscience. Increasingly, both practicing scientists and engineers and scholars of science ...
Sympathicoblastoma: Radiological findings in forty-three cases

Summary Forty-three cases of sympathicoblastoma have been analysed radiologically. Thirty-two of these had histological proof and eleven satisfied radiological criteria. In thirty-seven of the cases, the primary tumour was in the abdomen and in six cases, in the thorax. In the abdominal cases, a posteriorly sited mass was the usual finding, showing calcification in about two-thirds of cases. In the intra-thoracic cases, distribution between the two sides was equal and calcification was seen in half the cases. Calcification could only be seen in over-penetrated films of the chest. The radiological appearances of the skeletal changes have been described and growth changes have been discussed. The paravertebral mass seen in about half the cases where the primary tumour was intra-abdominal was suggested as a differential feature from Wilms' tumour. An account of sympathicoblastoma has been given and certain interesting features discussed.
The Design of Dual Work Function CMOS Transistors and Circuits Using Silicon Nanowire Technology

This exploratory study on vertical, undoped silicon nanowire transistors shows less power dissipation with respect to the bulk and SOI MOS transistors while yielding comparable performance. The design cycle starts with determining individual metal gate work functions for each nMOS and pMOS transistor as a function of wire radius to produce a 300 mV threshold voltage. Wire radius and effective channel length are both varied until a common body geometry is determined for both nMOS and pMOS transistors to limit off currents under 1 pA while producing highest on currents. DC characteristics of the optimum n and p-channel transistors such as threshold voltage roll-off, DIBL and subthreshold slope are measured; simple CMOS gates including an inverter, 2- and 3-input nand, nor, and xor gates, and full adder are built to measure the transient performance, power dissipation and layout area. Postlayout simulation results indicate that the worst case delay for a full adder circuit is 8.5 ps at no load and increases by 0.15 ps/aF; worst case power dissipation of the same circuit is 23.6 nW at no load and increases by 4.04 nW/aF at 1 GHz. The full adder layout area occupies approximately 0.11 mum2
Models of cardiac electromechanics based on individual hearts imaging data: Image-based electromechanical models of the heart

Current multi-scale computational models of ventricular electromechanics describe the full process of cardiac contraction on both the micro- and macro- scales including: the depolarization of cardiac cells, the release of calcium from intracellular stores, tension generation by cardiac myofilaments, and mechanical contraction of the whole heart. Such models are used to reveal basic mechanisms of cardiac contraction as well as the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in disease conditions. In this paper, we present a methodology to construct finite element electromechanical models of ventricular contraction with anatomically accurate ventricular geometry based on magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. The electromechanical model couples detailed representations of the cardiac cell membrane, cardiac myofilament dynamics, electrical impulse propagation, ventricular contraction, and circulation to simulate the electrical and mechanical activity of the ventricles. The utility of the model is demonstrated in an example simulation of contraction during sinus rhythm using a model of the normal canine ventricles.
Curricular trends in instruction of pathology: A nationwide longitudinal study from 1993 to present

Medical schools throughout the United States continue to respond to various external and internal challenges and make modifications in their curricula. Responses obtained from 66% (n = 83) of schools on a longitudinal survey conducted during the year 2000 to study trends in instruction of pathology over a 7-year period (ie, for classes entering 1993 to 1999) indicate the following. There have been steady shifts in instruction of systemic and clinical pathology from discipline-based courses to integrated formats from 1993 to 1999. The degree of integration with other disciplines varies among schools, and may take one or more of the following formats: joint course (pathology and another discipline); multidisciplinary systems course; a combination of pathology course and another integrated course; and completely integrated in the form of problem-based or case-based small group discussion. Presently, at least some degree of integration occurs in 51% of schools for instruction of systemic pathology and 65% for clinical pathology, up from 31% and 48%, respectively, in 1993. Although there has been an increased trend toward integration in instruction of general pathology as well, it is still taught predominantly in a discipline-based manner in the vast majority of schools. Although often difficult to identify with certainty, the best estimates indicate that the overall scheduled length of pathology instruction time has stabilized over the years; the mean total for the entering classes of 1999 was 196 hours versus 201 hours for the classes entering in 1993. However, internal rearrangements of time for various components of delivery of instruction continue. The lecture remains unchanged as an important mode comprising the largest component of pathology curriculum time (53% in 1999, 52.2% in 1993) during the 7-year period examined. The mean traditional laboratory instruction time has decreased slightly from 27% in 1993 to 24% in 1999. This decrease may be accounted for by a shift toward use of laboratory materials in various other formats and venues not included in the traditional laboratory instruction (eg, small group sessions, clinicopathologic correlation conferences, study of kodachrome slides, and computer programs). The use of electronic educational resources has increased remarkably, but for the most part it is not measurable because of the lack of any designated hours. Because pathology instruction occurs exclusively or primarily during year 2 in most schools, the classes entering in 1999 would have studied it during 2000 and 2001, which means the present study provides the most updated curricular trends at this time.
Solving Demodulation as an Optimization Problem

We introduce two new methods for the demodulation of acoustic signals by posing the problem in a convex optimization framework. This allows the parameters of the modulator and carrier to be explicitly defined as constraints in an optimization problem. We first show the theory used to define the demodulation relationship within the rules of convex programming. Then, for the two approaches introduced, we derive specific cost functions and constraints to solve for modulators specifically motivated by perceptual rules. The methods described here perform well with simple, harmonic, and stochastic carriers, and also in the presence of noise.
The Whys of the LOIS: Credit Risk and Renancing Rate Volatility

The 2007 subprime crisis has induced a persistent disconnection between the LIBOR derivative markets of dierent tenors and the OIS swap market. Commonly proposed explanations for the corresponding spreads are a combination of credit risk and liquidity risk. However in these explanations the meaning of liquidity in particular is either not precisely stated, or it is simply dened as a residual spread after removal of a credit component. In this paper we propose a stylized equilibrium model in which a LIBOROIS spread (LOIS) emerges as a consequence of a credit component determined by the skewness of the CDS curve of a representative borrower, and a liquidity component corresponding to the volatility of the cost-of-capital of a representative lender, where this cost-of-capital involves the lender’s CDS spread. The credit component is thus in fact a credit skewness component, and the relevant notion of liquidity appears as the optionality, valued by the aforementioned volatility, of dynamically adjusting through time the amount of a rolling OIS loan, as opposed to lending a xed amount up to the
Position statement on early childhood development.

The first 3 to 5 years of life is a time of rapid growth and development, including brain growth and foundational social-emotional development. Early childhood development (ECD) is affected by both positive and negative experiences that have lifelong impact on a child's health and social outcomes. Early childhood refers to birth to age 5. Social relationships with parents and others form a foundation for future relationship success. As detailed in the classic report “From Neurons to Neighborhoods,” early childhood brain development, with dramatic changes in size and complexity, makes this an important period to positively influence a child's development through interaction and intervention (National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, 2000; National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2007). Pediatric nurses are in a unique position to impact ECD by identifying infants and young children who are at risk for developmental delays, collaborating with other disciplines to assess and implement resources, encouraging appropriate parent–child interaction, and providing parent education and support. As advocates for children and families, pediatric nurses influence public policy makers to promote highquality ECD services and resources.
Adolescent and adult perceptions of traditional and novel smokeless tobacco products and packaging in rural Ohio

Objective As smokeless tobacco (ST) marketing increases and new products emerge on the market, very little is known about consumer perceptions of ST products. To inform development of future ST counter-marketing approaches, this qualitative study examined consumer perceptions of traditional and novel ST products and packaging. Methods Focus groups and qualitative interviews were held with adolescent (n=23; mean age of 17 years) and adult (n=38; mean age of 29 years) male ST users from rural Ohio counties. Participants were shown a variety of traditional (eg, Copenhagen, Timber Wolf) and novel (eg, Camel Snus, Orbs) ST products and asked about perceptions of these products and their packaging. Transcriptions were coded independently for common themes by two individuals. Findings Adolescents and adults generally had similar beliefs and reactions about ST products. While participants were familiar with a variety of traditional ST products, Copenhagen was the most frequently used product. Perceptions of quality and price of traditional products were closely tied to product taste and packaging material. Colours, design and size of ST packaging appealed to participants and influenced decisions to purchase. Adults believed novel ST products had a weak taste and were targeted at untraditional ST users. While the vast majority was unfamiliar with dissolvable tobacco, adolescents noted that they would be more convenient to use during school than traditional ST. Conclusions Packaging has a significant role in shaping perceptions of ST and consumer behaviour. Regulation of product packaging such as shape, size and images should be part of comprehensive tobacco control.
Bremsstrahlung model of polarized radiation from magnetic white dwarfs

Abstract Motivated by the desire to provide a model for the polarized radiation observed from some white dwarfs, we calculate the intensities of right and left circularly polarized bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by electrons in the atmospheres of magnetic white dwarfs.
Distinct roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 during development of porcine preimplantation embryos

Abstract Cell-to-cell contact mediated by cell adhesion is fundamental to the compaction process that ensures blastocyst quality during embryonic development. In this study, we first showed that Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2) were expressed both in porcine oocytes and IVF preimplantation embryos, playing different roles in oocytes maturation and embryo development. The amount of mRNA encoding ROCK1 and the protein concentration clearly increased between the eight-cell and morula stages, but decreased significantly when blastocysts were formed. Conversely, ROCK2 was more abundant in the blastocyst compared with other embryonic stages. Moreover, immunostaining showed that ROCK1 protein distribution changed as the embryo progressed through cleavage and compaction to the morula stage. Initially, the protein was predominantly associated with the plasma membrane but later became cytoplasmic. By contrast, ROCK2 protein was localized in both the cytoplasm and the spindle rotation region during oocyte meiosis, but in the cytoplasm and nucleus as the embryo developed. In addition, ROCK2 was present in the trophectoderm cells of the blastocyst. Treatment with 15 μM Y27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCKs, completely blocked further development of early four-cell stage embryos. Moreover, we did not detect the expression of ROCK1 but did detect ROCK2 expression in blastocysts. Moreover, lysophosphatidic acid an activator of ROCKs significantly improved the rates of blastocyst formation. These data demonstrate that ROCKs are required for embryo development to the blastocyst stage. Together, our results indicate that ROCK1 and ROCK2 may exert different biological functions during the regulation of compaction and in ensuring development of porcine preimplantation embryos to the blastocyst stage.
Security for Pervasive Health Monitoring Sensor Applications

Maintaining security of wearable networked health monitoring sensors (body sensor networks (BSN)) is very important for the acceptance and long term viability of the technology. Sensors in BSNs organize themselves into different topologies for efficiency purpose. Securing these topology formation process is of prime importance. In this paper we present two schemes which rely on the novel technique of using physiological values from the wearer's body for securing a cluster topology formation. Traditional schemes for cluster (one of the most commonly used topology) formation were not designed with security in mind and are susceptible to security flaws. The schemes proposed here not only solve the secure cluster formation problem but also do so efficiently by eliminating all key distribution overheads. We analyzed the security of the protocols and tested their accuracy on a prototype implementation developed using Mica2 motes.
The Social Organization of the Cape Ground Squirrel (Xerus inauris; Rodentia: Sciuridae)

The Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) of southern Africa is a tropical species that does not hibernate. Field observations using scan and all-occurrence sampling revealed that this species was highly social. Female Cape ground squirrels formed social units of related females and their subadult young, as is typical for other ground squirrels. Female social groups were usually composed of 2-3 adult females and 2-3 subadults of either sex. Members of these female social groups shared sleeping burrows and feeding ranges. Female social groups did not cooperatively defend their feeding ranges from adjacent groups in other burrow clusters. Interactions within female social groups were highly amicable, and no dominance hierarchy was evident. Males in this species also lived in groups. These all-male bands of up to 19 individuals lived almost independently from female groups. The entire male band shared one home range, although ephemeral sub-bands were formed daily. The composition and size of these sub-bands changed daily. Interactions among males, which were largely amicable, included allogrooming and sleeping together. Analysis of interactions within the band indicated a stable, linear, dominance hierarchy among males. Dispersal in this species appeared to be male biased as is typical of other ground-dwelling squirrels, with males dispersing at reproductive maturity. Males joining male bands were thus dispersers and were not likely to be closely related. Sociality in the Cape ground squirrel may be summarized as highly social female kin clusters and associated social non-kin bands of males.
A Cartesian treecode for screened coulomb interactions

A treecode algorithm is presented for evaluating electrostatic potentials in a charged particle system undergoing screened Coulomb interactions in 3D. The method uses a far-field Taylor expansion in Cartesian coordinates to compute particle-cluster interactions. The Taylor coefficients are evaluated using new recurrence relations which permit efficient computation of high order approximations. Two types of clusters are considered, uniform cubes and adapted rectangular boxes. The treecode error, CPU time and memory usage are reported and compared with direct summation for randomly distributed particles inside a cube, on the surface of a sphere and on an 8-sphere configuration. For a given order of Taylor approximation, the treecode CPU time scales as O ( N log N ) and the memory usage scales as O ( N ) , where N is the number of particles. Results show that the treecode is well suited for non-homogeneous particle distributions as in the sphere and 8-sphere test cases.
Random sampling in residual graphs

Consider an n-vertex, m-edge, undirected graph with maximum flow value v. We give a new O(m+nv)-time maximum flow algorithm based on finding augmenting paths in random samples of the edges of residual graphs. After assigning certain special sampling probabilities to edges in O(m) time, our algorithm is very simple: repeatedly find an augmenting path in a random sample of edges from the residual graph.
Bootstrapping the Long Tail in Peer to Peer Systems

We describe an efficient incentive mechanism for P2P systems t generates a wide diversity of content offerings while responding adaptively to customer demand. Files are served and paid for through a parimutuel market similar to that commonly used for betting in horse races. An analysis of the performance of such a system shows that there exists an equilibrium with a long tail in the distribution of content offerings, which guarantees the real time provision of any content regardless of its popularity.
Epitope analysis following active immunization with tau proteins reveals immunogens implicated in tau pathogenesis

Background: Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and its accumulation into intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles are linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and similar tauopathies. One strategy to reduce accumulation is through immunization, but the most immunogenic tau epitopes have so far remained unknown. To fill this gap, we immunized mice with recombinant tau to build a map of the most immunogenic tau epitopes. Methods: Non-transgenic and rTg4510 tau transgenic mice aged 5 months were immunized with either human wild-type tau (Wt, 4R0N) or P301L tau (4R0N). Each protein was formulated in Quil A adjuvant. Sera and splenocytes of vaccinated mice were collected to assess the humoral and cellular immune responses to tau. We employed a peptide array assay to identify the most effective epitopes. Brain histology was utilized to measure the effects of vaccination on tau pathology and inflammation. Results: Humoral immune responses following immunization demonstrated robust antibody titers (up to 1:80,000 endpoint titers) to each tau species in both mice models. The number of IFN-γ producing T cells and their proliferation were also increased in splenocytes from immunized mice, indicating an increased cellular immune response, and tau levels and neuroinflammation were both reduced. We identified five immunogenic motifs within either the N-terminal (9-15 and 21-27 amino acids), proline rich (168-174 and 220-228 amino acids), or the C-terminal regions (427-438 amino acids) of the wild-type and P301L tau protein sequence. Conclusions: Our study identifies five previously unknown immunogenic motifs of wild-type and mutated (P301L) tau protein. Immunization with both proteins resulted in reduced tau pathology and neuroinflammation in a tau transgenic model, supporting the efficacy of tau immunotherapy in tauopathy.
Effects of rigid contact lens truncation on oxygen access to the central cornea under static and dynamic conditions

Abstract Truncation is most commonly used for stabilization of bifocal and toric front surface lenses. Lenses with small edge defects also can be truncated and polished rather than being discarded. The purpose of this study was to determine whether corneal physiology is compromised when truncated lenses are worn. Contact lenses were manufactured with three amounts of truncation (0, 0.2, and 0.4 mm) in two contact lens materials (polymethylmethacrylate and itabisfluorofocon A). All lenses were fitted “on K” on the right eye of each of six subjects, with all other parameters kept constant. As expected, central corneal oxygen uptake rates measured with the itabisfluorofocon A material were significantly lower, indicating less hypoxic stress or oxygen deprivation, than those measured with polymethylmethacrylate across conditions (nonblink and blink) and amounts of truncation. No significant differences in central corneal oxygen uptake were found among amounts of truncation across conditions and materials.
Processing of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone precursor in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of the rat.

The LHRH precursor is known to contain the decapeptide and a 56 amino acid peptide termed gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP). The purpose of our study was to characterize the proLHRH and its processed products from the cell body and fiber region and from the nerve terminal region of LHRH neurons. The median eminence (ME) and a tissue block containing the preoptic area and hypothalamus (POH) were dissected separately. Tissues were homogenized and peptides were separated according to mol wt. Three different LHRH antisera bound to one immunoreactive (IR) substance which eluted at approximately 1200 mol wt. Subsequently, this material coeluted with synthetic LHRH on a reversed-phase column as a single peak. There was approximately 1.6-fold more LHRH-like IR in the ME than in the POH. The four different GAP antisera recognized multiple molwt forms of GAP-like IR at approximately 16,000 to 14,000, 8,200, 6,500, 3,500, and 2,800 mol wt. There were more of the high mol wt materials and less o...
Damage Modes in Dental Layer Structures

Natural teeth (enamel/dentin) and most restorations are essentially layered structures. This study examines the hypothesis that coating thickness and coating/substrate mismatch are key factors in the determination of contact-induced damage in clinically relevant bilayer composites. Accordingly, we study crack patterns in two model "coating/substrate" bilayer systems conceived to simulate crown and tooth structures, at opposite extremes of elastic/plastic mismatch: porcelain on glass-infiltrated alumina ("soft/hard"); and glass-ceramic on resin composite ("hard/soft"). Hertzian contacts are used to investigate the evolution of fracture damage in the coating layers, as functions of contact load and coating thickness. The crack patterns differ radically in the two bilayer systems: In the porcelain coatings, cone cracks initiate at the coating top surface; in the glass-ceramic coatings, cone cracks again initiate at the top surface, but additional, upward-extending transverse cracks initiate at the internal coating/substrate interface, with the latter dominant. The substrate is thereby shown to have a profound influence on the damage evolution to ultimate failure in the bilayer systems. However, the cracks are highly stabilized in both systems, with wide ranges between the loads to initiate first cracking and to cause final failure, implying damage-tolerant structures. Finite element modeling is used to evaluate the tensile stresses responsible for the different crack types. The clinical relevance of these observations is considered.
Higher Education and Corporate Governance

How can higher education institutions and public companies benefit from corporate governance principles and practices as they have emerged in the last decade? That question is appropriate knowing that some but not all business firms have met the challenges confronting them but many have made significant changes. Here are some of the ways higher education might apply lessons from the emerging corporate model.
Public Health Informatics

In 1973, program managers at the National Institutes of Health began working with scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assemble a network of data registries for monitoring the nation’s progress in its newly announced “war on cancer.” Data from the registries, the agencies reasoned, could be compiled into a commonly accessible database to track the incidence, mortality, stage, treatment, and survival of patients affected by the disease. Titled the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) system, this ambitious information system has provided epidemiologists and public health planners with the data needed to understand how the burden of cancer has been distributed across individuals throughout the population (Hankey, Ries, & Edwards, 1999). The SEER system has given epidemiologists insight into how environmental influences may affect incidence of the disease, and has provided health system researchers with the monitoring capabilities necessary to track efficacy of cancer control efforts (Edwards et al., 2005; Wingo et al., 2005). After three decades of monitoring and analysis, population scientists using the national registry have at last been able to detect a reversal in the century-long trend of increasing cancer burden. Age-adjusted mortality rates attributable to cancer have been dropping steadily since the early 1990s, with substantive progress in areas such as lung cancer reflecting success in public health efforts aimed at controlling precipitants to the disease (e.g., exposure to tobacco smoke) (Hiatt & Rimer, 1999; Weir et al., 2003). In 2006, reports indicated the possibility of a first-ever decrease in the absolute number of cancer-related deaths (Cancer facts and figures, 2006). Progress, however, has not been distributed equally. Analyzing trends from 1975 to 1999, SEER analysts have made some of the following observations (Singh & Miller, 2003):
Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order in the Quantum Hall Effect

We saw in my previous lecture on collective excitations that it was quite useful to study analogies between the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) and superfluidity and superconductivity in films. Superfluids and superconductors are characterized by a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry and an associated order parameter. The purpose of this lecture is to investigate the question of whether or not there exists an order parameter which describes the FQHE state, possibly associated with some type of symmetry breaking1–8.
Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness during microdose norethindrone therapy.

Tests of pituitary response to metyrapone were administered to 6 healthy females who had been receiving a daily dose (0.350 mg) of norethindrone as an oral contraceptive for 8-12 months. 6 doses of 750 mg oral metyrapone were adminstered every 4 hours. Effect on pituitary response was measured by levels of 17-hydroxycorticoids and 17-ketosteroids excretions in the urine. A significant mean increase (9.4 mg/24 hr) of 17-hydroxycorticoids and an 86% mean increase (7.06 mg/24 hr) of 17-kestosteroids were found 1 day after therapy with normal values (3-10 mg; 6-18 mg) appearing after 2 days. It is concluded that the progestogen norethindrone at minimal contraceptive dose level does not alter the pituitary-adrenal axis.
Employing User-Generated Content to Enhance Human-Robot Interaction in a Human-Robot Trust Game

This research explores how user-generated content can strategically affect the relationship between human-robot trust and interactional outcomes. Results showed that user-generated content did not directly affect human-robot trust or interactional outcomes. Interestingly, the data were consistent with a moderation model, such that exposure to user-generated content altered the correlation between human-robot trust and interactional outcome from an unfavorable to a favorable way. These results prompt the need for a new research program that could be developed to focus on deploying strategic messages via user-generated content to create better HRI.
High-Temperature Oxidation Resistant Nanocoatings on Austenitic Stainless Steels.

In recent years, the increasing energy costs have lead to power utility industries to seek/develop high efficiency systems of production and of energy utilization. In addition, environmental concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions are playing a major role in the development of clean energy systems. The development of metallic materials that can withstand elevated temperatures is among the viable alternatives to increase energy efficiency. Nevertheless, for this to happen, the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Fe- and Ni-based alloys needs to be significantly improved. Among the possible ways to enhance the life of high temperature alloys is the application of protective ceramic coatings. Conventional coatings are expensive and the protective effects controversial at times. An alternative which offers a great potential is the application of nano-ceramic coatings. Hence, in this work nanocrystalline coatings based on nano-CeO 2 are applied to an austenitic stainless steel 304L and then exposed to elevated temperatures. Weight changes are monitored as a function of time and the results are compared with uncoated alloys tested under similar conditions. In addition, computer simulations of possible rate limiting diffusion mechanisms are carried out. It is found that the nanocoatings provided remarkable high-temperature oxidation resistance and improved scale adhesion. In particular, it is found that the smaller the nanoparticles are, the more effective the nanocoatings in providing oxidation resistance.
The rate of respiration of potato tubers during storage. 3. Relationships between rate of respiration, weight loss and other variables

In 1973 the rate of respiration of stored potato tubers was highest in those cultivars which had the greatest weight loss, but this was not found in 1972. The rate of respiration could almost completely be explained by the factors storage temperature, degree of sprouting and storage duration, and the interactions between these factors. The main effects often had a strong curvilinear component. The increase in rate of respiration found after one and a half years of storage at low temperatures was cuased by physiological deterioration of the tubers.
Youth Political Consumerism and the 2012 Presidential Election What Influences Youth Boycotting and Buycotting

The authors examine whether predictors of adult political consumerism (i.e., boycotting and buycotting) and factors associated with youth civic and political participation also predict youth politi...
Characterization of analytical figures of merit of a sub-diffraction limited fiber bundle array for SERS imaging

Super resolution chemical imaging can provide high spatial resolution images that contain chemically specific information. Additionally, using a technique such as Raman scattering provides molecular specific information based on the inherent vibrations within the analyte of interest. In this work, commercially available fiber bundle arrays (1mm diameter) consisting of 30,000 individual fiber elements (4μm diameter) that are then modified to obtain surface enhanced Raman scatter are employed. This allows for the visualization of vibrational information with high spatial (i.e. sub-diffraction limited) resolution over the 30,000 individual points of interrogation covering a total imaging diameter of approximately 20μm in a non-scanning format. Using these bundles, it has been shown that dithering can increase the spatial resolution of the arrays further by obtaining several sub-element shifted images. To retain the spatial resolution of such images, cross talk associated with these tpared bundles must be kept at a negligible level. In this paper, a study of luminescent particles isolated in individual fiber wells has been performed to characterize the cross talk associated with these fiber bundles. Scanning-electron microscope (SEM) images provide nanometric characterization of the fiber array, while luminescent signals allow for the quantitation of cross talk between adjacent fiber elements. From these studies negligible cross-talk associated with both untapered and tapered bundles was found to exist.
Changes of VEGF between pre-and post-delivery in patients with severe preeclampsia

【Objective】 To study the changes of VEGF concentration in peripheral blood of patients with severe preeclampsia between prenatal and postnatal,and the correlation with the clinical symptoms.【Method】 50 patients with severe preeclampsia and 50 normal pregnant women had blood collected respectively at pre-delivery and 72 hours after delivery,serum levels of VEGF were detected by ELISA.【Result】 Pre-delivery the serum VEGF concentration in the severe preeclampsia group greater than normal group(P 0.01).Serum VEGF levels of severe preeclampsia fell rapidly to the level of normal group within 72 hours(P 0.001).There was no significant difference between the serum VEGF level in the severe preeclampsia group of Post-delivery and both pre-and post-delivery in normal group(P 0.05).VEGF levels of severe preeclampsia group has positive correlation to SBP,DBP,24-hour urinary protein quantitative,ALT and AST,but has negative correlation to serumcalcium.Correlation analysis in normal group hasn't significant correlation.【Conclusion】 The level of VEGF in peripheral blood of patients with severe preeclampsia increased significantly,fell rapidly to normal within 72 hours,and it was related to the clinical date,VEGF maybe plays an important role in pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia.
Unum vs. Pluribus: Ideology and Differing Academic Conceptions of Ethnic Identity

This essay addresses the blurring boundaries in the American academe between scientific inquiry on the one hand, and politics and other forms of practice on the other. It examines the politicization of interethnic and intercultural research across social science disciplines, with a special focus on various ways ethnic identity is conceived. Differing identity conceptions are examined in relation to the founding ideology of classical liberalism embodied in the traditional perspective on ethnic identity, “assimilationism,” as well as to its more recent varieties, “pluralism,” “integrationism,” and “separatism.” The analysis shows how, in varying degrees, each of these four ideological positions is implied or explicitly communicated in academic conceptions of ethnic identity. The analysis further reveals a trend in social research paralleling the societal trend toward pluralism, a trend that has significantly been intensified and pushed toward separatism by the advocacy of “critical” researchers who are dedi...
Minimally Invasive Fundoplication Is Safe and Effective in Patients With Severe Esophageal Hypomotility.

ObjectiveFundoplication is used to treat refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A subset of patients has coexisting esophageal dysmotility, including aperistalsis or hypoperistalsis. Th...
homeSound: Real-Time Audio Event Detection Based on High Performance Computing for Behaviour and Surveillance Remote Monitoring.

The consistent growth in human life expectancy during the recent years has driven governments and private organizations to increase the efforts in caring for the eldest segment of the population. These institutions have built hospitals and retirement homes that have been rapidly overfilled, making their associated maintenance and operating costs prohibitive. The latest advances in technology and communications envisage new ways to monitor those people with special needs at their own home, increasing their quality of life in a cost-affordable way. The purpose of this paper is to present an Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) platform able to analyze, identify, and detect specific acoustic events happening in daily life environments, which enables the medic staff to remotely track the status of every patient in real-time. Additionally, this tele-care proposal is validated through a proof-of-concept experiment that takes benefit of the capabilities of the NVIDIA Graphical Processing Unit running on a Jetson TK1 board to locally detect acoustic events. Conducted experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by reaching an overall accuracy of 82% when identifying a set of 14 indoor environment events related to the domestic surveillance and patients’ behaviour monitoring field. Obtained results encourage practitioners to keep working in this direction, and enable health care providers to remotely track the status of their patients in real-time with non-invasive methods.
The Union of Religion and Health in Ancient Asklepieia

This study of the cult of Asklepios reveals that happiness, well-being, and health were inseparable from and unified with devotion and religion in the healing arts practiced in the Asklepieia of antiquity. Religion, the tie that binds together a community, was the ultimate means to attain health for the suppliants of the Asklepieia scattered across the ancient Mediterranean world. A brief review of the cult of Asklepios and its health centers and practices, with some insights from the work of Kerenyi, Meier, the Edelsteins, and others, will illuminate the mental-health aspects of the cult and foreshadow some additional insights into this intriguing union of religion and health.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor induced rapidly progressive vasculopathy after intracranial stent placement.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been associated with progressive peripheral arterial disease and, more recently, rare cases of intracranial vascular stenosis have been reported. We report the fourth case of TKI treatment associated intracranial vasculopathy and rapid progression of intracranial vascular stenosis following intracranial stent placement. This was a 49-year-old woman who developed right-sided weakness, paresthesias, numbness, and speech difficulties 7 years following TKI treatment for CML. Cerebral catheter angiography demonstrated 90% stenosis of the left supraclinoid internal carotid artery, for which the patient underwent intracranial stent placement with no residual stenosis and improved distal blood flow. Approximately 1 month following the procedure, the patient returned with similar symptoms. Catheter angiography demonstrated 70% and 50% stenosis just distal and proximal to the stent construct, respectively. Rapid disease progression and non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy may argue against endovascular therapy.
Two Decades of Generalizable Evidence on U.S. Instruction from National Surveys.

BackgroundStudents’ instructional experiences—that is, their experiences working with subject matter during classroom instruction—are a major determinant of how they learn. Given the importance of ...