cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Hemoglobin and Fatigue in Women Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy Without Erythropoietin-Stimulating-Agent Support

Background Fatigue is a common complication of adjuvant chemotherapy and compromises the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. We sought to correlate serial hemoglobin (Hb) levels with fatigue in a population of women on adjuvant chemotherapy, none of whom received erythropoietin-stimulating agents or red blood cell transfusions.
Inhibition of a Cl− - Transporting P-type ATPase in Aplysia Gut

Abstract Utilizing a basolateral membrane vesicle preparation containing Cl−-ATPase from Aplysia foregut, it was shown that orthovanodate inhibited Cl−-ATPase activity, ATP-dependent Cl− transport and ATP-dependent membrane potential change. N-ethylmalemide (NEM) and p-chloromercurobenzoate (PCMBS) also inhibited the Cl− pump biochemical and transport characteristics. However, bafilomycin, azide, DCCD or efrapeptin had no effect on the Cl− pump characteristics suggesting that this Cl− pump was a P-type ATPase.
Selective area laser-induced deposition of rare earth hexaborides from solution

Abstract We have developed a novel technique for the selective area deposition of rare earth hexaborides: laser-induced solution deposition (LISD). This technique is both simple and efficient and combines many advantages of both chemical vapor deposition and electrolyses deposition. We show that the deposition of polycrystalline thin films of rare earth hexaborides and sub-borides such as GdB 6 , GdB 4 , and GdB 2 is possible through the light initiated chemical reaction of nido -decaborane (B 10 H 14 ) and gadolinium chloride in solution. These films grow with a strong texture axis and a morphology that is dependent both on the choice of solvents and wavelengths used in LISD.
Differential diffusion in binary scalar mixing and reaction

Abstract The phenomena of binary mixing and reaction of scalars (A, B) with unequal molecular diffusion coefficients (ΓA, ΓB) in turbulent flows are investigated by direct numerical simulation (DNS). Homogeneous turbulent flows are considered with and without the presence of constant mean scalar gradients, under both nonreacting and reacting nonpremixed conditions. The results indicate the significance of the differential diffusion (ΓA ≠ ΓB) effects on the low-order moments of the differential diffusivity variable (Z), the normalized scalars' variance difference (ζ), the scalars' cross correlation coefficient (ρ), and the moments of reacting scalars. It is suggested that the behavior of ρ and ζ are approximately characterized by the differential diffusion parameters including Γr (the ratio of the diffusivities) and Γd (the difference of the diffusivities), and by the reactant conversion parameters including Da (the Damkohler number), and Ŝc (the Schmidt number corresponding to the average of the diffusivities of the reactants). In the comparative assessment of the results for non-reacting flows or reacting flows with slow chemistry, ρ and ζ are parameterized by the differential diffusion parameters. In comparisons of reacting flow results, the reactant conversion parameters characterize ρ and ζ. The influence of differential diffusion on the scalar statistics is reduced by the presence of a constant mean scalar gradient and/or by the increase of the Reynolds number. The statistical results are modified by the overall stoichiometry of the mixture.
Essential Role of TGF-β Signaling in Glucose-Induced Cell Hypertrophy

In multicellular organisms, cell size is tightly controlled by nutrients and growth factors. Increasing ambient glucose induces enhanced protein synthesis and cell size. Continued exposure of cells to high glucose in vivo, as apparent under pathological conditions, results in cell hypertrophy and tissue damage. We demonstrate that activation of TGF-beta signaling has a central role in glucose-induced cell hypertrophy in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Blocking the kinase activity of the TbetaRI receptor or loss of its expression prevented the effects of high glucose on protein synthesis and cell size. Exposure of cells to high glucose induced a rapid increase in cell surface levels of the TbetaRI and TbetaRII receptors and a rapid activation of TGF-beta ligand by matrix metalloproteinases, including MMP-2 and MMP-9. The consequent autocrine TGF-beta signaling in response to glucose led to Akt-TOR pathway activation. Accordingly, preventing MMP-2/MMP-9 or TGF-beta-induced TOR activation inhibited high glucose-induced cell hypertrophy.
On the use of the structured singular value for robustness analysis of distillation column control

Abstract This paper discusses the use of the structured singular value (SSV) for robustness analysis of distillation columns.
Milling dynamics: Part I. Attritor dynamics: Results of a cinematographic study

The motions of grinding media and powder in an attritor canister were studied by means of filming the agitated charge and frame-by-frame scrutiny of the footage. In conjunction with auxiliary experiments, this permitted semiquantitative analysis of the milling action. In particular, the mill can be divided into several regions characterized by different balances between direct impacts and rolling/sliding of the grinding media. Simple calculations suggest that impacts are more capable of effecting mechanical alloying (MA) than are rolling or sliding events in an attritor. Powder circulation within an operating mill was also investigated. Based on the results and the accompanying analysis, concepts for improved attritor design are presented.
Study of the Electronic Structure and the Optical Properties of the Solid Rare Gases

In this paper, we present a series of band-structure calculations for solid Ne, Ar, and Kr. These calculations are performed in the restricted Hartree-Fock limit by the self-consistent-field method. Correlation and polarization corrections are included by means of the electronic polaron model. We find that the Hartree-Fock band structures provide band structures which are broader than one obtains using a statistical-exchange approximation in constructing a crystal potential. We find that correlation corrections produce optical band gaps in reasonable agreement with experiment. We compute the joint density of states for optical transitions from both valence and core levels and find acceptable agreement with experiment. We also study the mixed-crystal soft-x-ray data of Haensel et al. and find our band structures to be in reasonable agreement with the trends demonstrated in the experimental data. This is in contrast to the other available unified series of calculations for the solid rare gases of R\"ossler. In this other series of calculations employing a statistical-exchange approximation, one finds that the shift in conduction levels in going from solid Kr to solid Ar to be opposite to experiment.
M/G/∞ With Batch Arrivals

Let p"~(n) be the distribution of the number N(~) in the system at ergodicity for systems with an infinite number of servers, batch arrivals with general batch size distribution and general holding times. This distribution is of importance to a variety of studies in congestion theory, inventory and storage systems. To obtain this distribution, a more general problem is addressed. In this problem, each epoch of a Poisson process gives rise to an independent stochastic function on the lattice of integers, which may be viewed as stochastic impulse response. A continuum analogue to the lattice process is also provided.
Polarization measurements in a spectrofluorophotometer

The three polarization factors of importance in a spectrofluorophotometer are the Stokes polarization parameters of the fluorescent solution, and the a and b Muller matrix elements and polarization factor (the G factor) of the diffraction grating in the emission path. In this paper the equations are derived for the measurement of the a and b Muller matrix elements, the Stokes polarization parameters of the fluorescent solution, the G factor and the degree of polarization, P. Finally, a new method is presented for measuring the a and b matrix elements using completely polarized light.
Electoral Institutions, Unemployment and Extreme Right Parties: A Correction

In their 1996 article in the British Journal of Politic Science, Robert Jackman and Karin Volpert examine the conditions favoring parties of the extreme right in western Europe. They report strong evidence that unemployment, electoral thresholds and multi-partism aect the electoral success of extreme right parties. As a result, they conclude that support for the extreme right is sensitive to factors that can be modified through policy instruments. Although the article makes important contributions by emphasizing the role of electoral institutions and the methodological problems associated with selection bias, a reanalysis shows that a number of their inferences are open to question. I successfully replicate their original analysis, critique their interpretation of the causal eects, and question their model’s theoretical justification.
The immunologic specificity of human lens proteins

Human lens extract was examined by electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. Paper electrophoresis failed to give any separation of the protein fractions, but electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel resulted in the appearance of five distinct bands. The agar diffusion as well as the immunoelectrophoretic methods showed the presence of seven precipitin bands, indicating that the human lens contains a minimum of seven antigenic components. When the species specificity of the human lens was examined, it was found that its antigenic composition greatly resembled that of the monkey lens, except for minor differences of quantitative nature. From all other vertebrates, however, it differed by the presence of one species specific component, which is characterized by a high electrophoretic mobility. When the tissue specificity of the human lens was examined, cornea, retina, iris, aqueous humor and vitreous body were found to have a number of antigenic components in common with the lens. Despite the fact that these intraocular lens antigens are capable of reacting with lens antibodies in vitro, no evidence is presently available suggesting a similar reaction in vivo.
Neck Biomechanics and Multiple Wide Computer Displays

Computer workstations are increasingly being fitted with multiple large displays. Display placement influences head posture and neck symptoms but the effects of multiple displays are not well known. This study evaluated the placement of two wide displays over a large range of heights and distances. Twenty participants performed internet search tasks with the search window at thirty-six positions, defined by three distances from the eyes (50 to 86 cm), three gaze angles (0 to 28° below the eye horizon), and four lateral distances from the mid-sagittal plane (13 and 32 cm to the left and to the right). Motion capture equipment tracked head and neck postures and simulation software calculated muscular capacities. Regression analyses demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) effects of gaze angle on neck flexion, lateral angle on neck rotation, and the interaction of gaze angle and lateral angle on neck lateral flexion. The moment generating capacities of the trapezius and splenius muscles, and the self-selected d...
Nature of the Rh−H2 Bond in a Dihydrogen Complex Stabilized Only by Nitrogen Donors. Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of TpMe2RhH2(η2-H2) (TpMe2 = Hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate)

The tunnel splitting of the librational ground state and the torsional frequencies of the dihydrogen ligand in TpMe2RhH2(η2-H2) (TpMe2 = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) were measured using inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. The barrier for the rotation of the H2 ligand and its H−H separation, calculated from these data, are 0.56(2) kcal/mol and 0.94 A, respectively. These values indicate that π-back-donation from the TpMe2RhH2 fragment to H2 is relatively weak and/or the interaction between the coordinated dihydrogen molecule and the two cis-hydride ligands significantly lowers the barrier for H2 rotation.
Transporting tacit supply knowledge in competitive environments: a storytelling perspective

Knowledge transfer acumen throughout the supply chain network is viewed increasingly as a competitive advantage. The effective transfer of contextually-rich tacit supply chain knowledge is a strategic differentiating variable, especially in dynamic global marketplaces. As supply chain organisations shift, professionals take with them years of accumulated knowledge whose absence can impede market responsiveness, problem-solving capacity, and relationship maintenance, both internally and externally. The current paper offers storytelling as an alternative transfer medium and diffusion conduit for conveying tacit supply chain knowledge. It addresses the efficacy of storytelling in supply chain knowledge management, challenges in designing and implementing transfer modes for tacit knowledge, and strategies for effective tacit knowledge transfer. A model of effective supply chain tacit knowledge transfer is proposed, along with managerial suggestions and future research directions.
Pressure of the proton plasma in the inner heliosheath

We develop a physical model to study the pressure of the source proton plasma in the inner heliosheath based on the IBEX Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) spectra. A multiple linear regression technique is used to parameterize the proton distribution function, by connecting the observed ENA flux spectrum from IBEX-Hi with the power-law of the model proton distribution. We calculate the partial pressure over the measured energy range, using (1) a non-parametric method by integrating the observed ENA flux, and (2) a parametric method by integrating the modeled distribution of protons in the inner heliosheath. The two sky maps of the parametric and non-parametric partial pressures are nearly identical, owing to their power-law distributions at high energies; the kappa distribution is such a function that can be reduced to a power-law in the IBEX-Hi energy range. The slight differences between the two partial pressures may indicate protons that are not described by the kappa distribution, and instead, involve newer or "immature" (spherical shell) pick-up proton distributions. Ultimately, however, these become incorporated with the solar wind into one single proton population described by a kappa distribution. Moreover, we derive analytically (1) the ENA flux spectra, which suggests that this flux maximizes at ~30 eV, and (2) the differential pressure, which provides estimates of the partial pressures outside of those measured by IBEX-Hi. Under the assumptions of the modeled ENA spectra, the Ribbon emissions appear to be primarily limited to the energy ranges of IBEX-Lo and IBEX-Hi.
The Synthesis of Some Cyclic Acetal and KetalDerivatives of Some Hydroxyl-ContainingCompounds

Abstract The following compounds, i. e., dihydropyran (I), anhydro-δ-aceto-n-butyl alcohol (III), anhydro-γ-aceto-n-propyl alcohol (VI), and 3-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran (Vlll) formed cyclic acetals (or ketals) with a secondary alcohol (cholesterol and other compounds). (I), and δ-hydroxy-valeraldehyde (II) reacted with an aromatic thiol compound (2-naphthalenethiol) to give the same mixed acetal. (I), (II), δ-aceto-n-butyl alcohol (IV), 3-hydroxy-δ-aceto-n-butyl alcohol (V), and γ-aceto-n-propyl alcohol (VII) all reacted with a primary alcohol (Prenderol) to produce cyclic acetals and ketals. (I), (II), and (III) also reacted with phenols (diethyl-stilbestrol and hexestrol) to form the corresponding cyclic acetals and ketals. The stability of the products varied widely. In general, the derivatives of phenols were less stable than the corresponding derivatives of primary and secondary alcohols, and the derivatives containing a furanose ring system were less stable than those containing a pyranose ring system.
Modulation of cellular phosphoprotein profiles in transformation and redifferentiation of murine AKR embryonic fibroblastic cells

Cellular phosphoprotein profiles from normal mouse embryonic fibroblast AKR-2B cells were compared to those of their permanently, chemically transformed malignant counterparts AKR-MCA cells, and AKR-2B cells reversibly transformed by transforming growth factor (AKR-TGF). Similar 32P-phosphorylation profiles were observed for both the AKR-TGF and AKR-MCA cells which were distinct from that of the normal AKR-2B cells. Dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced differentiation of the AKR-MCA cells resulted in a restoration of the normal AKR-2B phosphorylation profile to the malignant AKR-MCA cells.
Managing voice impairment after injection laryngoplasty.

Summary To date, there is a paucity of literature on the management of suboptimal voice outcomes after injection laryngoplasty. We present three cases of worsened voice quality and impaired mucosal waveform propagation on videostroboscopy after calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) injection. The first was found to have superficial deposits of CaHA in Reinke's space. The second case appeared to have overaugmentation of the vocal folds. The third case had atrophic vocal folds, and despite having a deep CaHA injection (within the thyroarytenoid muscles), the injected vocal folds had diminished mucosal waveform amplitude, which was likely because of poor pulmonary function. In summary, there can be multiple reasons for suboptimal voice outcomes after CaHA. Clinician awareness and intraoperative recognition of improper CaHA injection/overinjection can help prevent most negative outcomes.
Heterogeneous Nucleation with Finite Activation Energy and Perfect Wetting: Capillary Theory Versus Experiments with Nanometer Particles, and Extrapolations on the Smallest Detectable Nucleus

Analytical expressions are provided for charged and uncharged particles in the perfect-wetting limit of Fletcher's classical heterogeneous nucleation theory with finite activation energy G*. A dimensionless logarithm of the critical supersaturation can be represented as a single universal curve versus a dimensionless nucleus radius for neutral particles, while a uniparametric family of curves is required for charged particles. Comparison with experimental critical supersaturations for nanoparticles and molecular ions shows qualitative agreement, with substantial quantitative disagreement. At increasing sizes the predicted critical diameter augmented by a fixed length ∼1 nm approaches the Kelvin limit. Predicted activation probability curves versus size (supersaturation) are steep, whence stringent experimental definitions of the thermodynamic state and the seed particle are required for meaningful comparison with theory. Activation curves for mobility-selected WOx particles are broader than predicted, eve...
Eolian deposition in the northeast Pacific Ocean: Cenozoic history of atmospheric circulation

The mass accumulation rate and grain size distribution of the total eolian component of North Pacific pelagic clays have been used to evaluate changes in eolian sedimentation and in the intensity of atmospheric circulation that have occurred during the past 70 m.y. Eolian deposition was relatively low, approximately 12 mg/cm2/1,000 yr, in the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, reflecting an increasingly humid environment. A peak in accumulation rates across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary may be the result of episodic volcanism in Mexico. A sharp decrease in grain size across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary is not readily interpreted. Fine eolian grain size and the low accumulation rates, averaging 8 mg/cm2/1,000 yr, in the Eocene and early Oligocene are in agreement with low early Tertiary thermal gradients and less vigorous atmospheric circulation. Large increases in grain size between 37 and 30 m.y. ago, 20 and 10 m.y. ago, and 5 m.y. ago to the present suggest that atmospheric circulation intensified by a factor of 1.5, 1.8, and 1.4, respectively, at these times. Eolian accumulation rates increased from 8 mg/cm2/1,000 yr at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary to approximately 25 mg/cm2/1,000 yr at the end of the Miocene, with significant changes at 25 and 13 m.y. ago. Increased rates about 25 m.y. ago probably reflect movement of the core site into the influence of the westerlies, and the increase 13 m.y. ago appears to be a response to steepening thermal gradients and intensifying atmospheric circulation resulting from major expansion of Antarctic ice in the mid-Miocene along with a general increase in global aridity in the late Cenozoic. An order of magnitude increase in eolian accumulation rates (25 to 226 mg/cm2/1,000 yr) in Pliocene-Pleistocene time coincides with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and consequent climatic deterioration. The large increase in accumulation rates in Pliocene-Pleistocene time coincides with a relatively smal! increase in the intensity of atmospheric circulation compared to that in Oligocene and Miocene time, suggesting that the increased deposition rates were the result of an increase in global aridity in glacial times, rather than a further increase in the vigor of the global wind systems.
Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica films encapsulating titanium dioxide particles; Photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol.

Abstract Degussa P-25 TiO 2 encapsulated in a SBA-15 mesoporous thin film silica matrix prepared using a block copolymer templating method. The film structure was characterized using small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), and polarized light microscopy. The photoactivity of the films was assessed using HPLC and UV–vis spectroscopy to study the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol, an industrial pollutant, in water under 350 nm irradiation. The unoptimized film was found to be approximately half as photoactive as an equivalent dispersion of TiO 2 .
Test facility for unmanned ground vehicles

A test course is being implemented at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD, to evaluate the performance of military unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in traversing off-road terrain. The course is a subset of existing APG automotive test facilities specifically selected to provide challenges to the perception and navigation subsystems as well as to vehicular mobility. Portions of the course currently defined are described in detail, while the overall vision is described in general. Issues addressed in the implementation of this course are discussed, including ground truth and safety. An ideal field test facility is deScribed, and trade-offs in the APG implementation are explained. An actual test using the course to characterize an obstacle detection subsystem is also described. Keywords: Unmanned ground vehicle, vehicle testing, autonomous mobility
Efecto del tamaño de grano en la corrosión de la aleación Al-1% Mn

The influence of the grain size on the corrosion behaviour of an Al-1% Mn alloy has been investigated in sodium chloride solution through the evaluation of corrosion, repassivation and pitting potentials respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization curves including scratched techniques were also employed. The attack morphology was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. Results show that corrosion parameters were not dependent on the alloy microstructure. Micrographies show that the pitting morphology is independent of the alloy grain size and that when the chloride concentration increases, localized attack also increases.
974-42 Determinants of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction

The elevation of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (S-PAP) is an important prognostic variable in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). The potential determinant of pulmonary hypertension have not been consistently measured and remain ill defined. In 93 patients (age = 6B ± 13 years) with primary LVD (Ejection Fraction l50%, mean ± SO = 31 ± 10%), the S-PAP was prospectively measured using Doppler tricuspid regurgitant velocity. The correlations between S-PAP and LV diastolic volume (R = 0.19, P = NS). LVejection fraction (R = –0.23, p = 0.024). cardiac index (R = –0.22, P = 0.04). left atrial volume (R = 0.31, P = 0.002) were weak. Stronger correlations were observed with mitral regurgitant fraction (R = 0.46, p = 0.0001). effective regurgitant orifice (ERO, R = 0.48, P = 0.0001), mitral deceleration time (DT) R = –0.62, P = 0.0001) and E/A ratio (R = 0.43, P = 0.002). With multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of S-PAP were mitral deceleration time (P = 0.0001), mitral effective regurgitant orifice IP = 0.0003) and age (P = 0.007). The S-PAP of patients with similar EF are shown below: DT g 150 (msec) DT ≤150 (msec) P EF:≤30 39 ± 13 61 ± 12 00001 EF ≤30 40 ± 10 57 ± 10 00001 ERO l15 (mm2) ERO≤ 15 (mm2) P EF:≤30 49 ± 16 60 ± 13 002 EF ≤30 40 ± 10 55 ± 11 0.0001 We conclude that in patients with primary systolic LV dysfunction, the independent determinant of pulmonary hypertension are the diastolic stiffness of LV as estimated by the mitral deceleration time and the degree of functional mitral regurgitation as measured by the effective regurgitant orifice but not by the degree of LV systolic dysfunction. These data help explain the wide variation of hemodynamic compromise in patients with similar degree of LV dysfunction.
Maximizing overall liking results in a superior product to minimizing deviations from ideal ratings: An optimization case study with coffee-flavored milk

In just-about-right (JAR) scaling and ideal scaling, attribute delta (i.e., "Too Little" or "Too Much") reflects a subject's dissatisfaction level for an attribute relative to their hypothetical ideal. Dissatisfaction (attribute delta) is a different construct from consumer acceptability, operationalized as liking. Therefore, we hypothesized minimizing dissatisfaction and maximizing liking would yield different optimal formulations. The objective of this research was to compare product optimization strategies, i.e. maximizing liking vis-a-vis minimizing dissatisfaction. Coffee-flavored dairy beverages (n = 20) were formulated using a fractional mixture design that constrained the proportions of coffee extract, milk, sucrose, and water. Participants (n = 388) were randomly assigned to one of three research conditions, where they evaluated 4 of the 20 samples using an incomplete block design. Samples were rated for overall liking and for intensity of the attributes sweetness, milk flavor, thickness and coffee flavor. Where appropriate, measures of overall product quality (Ideal_Delta and JAR_Delta) were calculated as the sum of the absolute values of the four attribute deltas. Optimal formulations were estimated by: a) maximizing liking; b) minimizing Ideal_Delta; or c) minimizing JAR_Delta. A validation study was conducted to evaluate product optimization models. Participants indicated a preference for a coffee-flavored dairy beverage with more coffee extract and less milk and sucrose in the dissatisfaction model compared to the formula obtained by maximizing liking. That is, when liking was optimized, participants generally liked a weaker, milkier and sweeter coffee-flavored dairy beverage. Predicted liking scores were validated in a subsequent experiment, and the optimal product formulated to maximize liking was significantly preferred to that formulated to minimize dissatisfaction by a paired preference test. These findings are consistent with the view that JAR and ideal scaling methods both suffer from attitudinal biases that are not present when liking is assessed. That is, consumers sincerely believe they want 'dark, rich, hearty' coffee when they do not. This paper also demonstrates the utility and efficiency of a lean experimental approach.
Evidence that logical reasoning depends on conscious processing

Humans, unlike other animals, are equipped with a powerful brain that permits conscious awareness and reflection. A growing trend in psychological science has questioned the benefits of consciousness, however. Testing a hypothesis advanced by [Lieberman, M. D., Gaunt, R., Gilbert, D. T., & Trope, Y. (2002). Reflection and reflexion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional inference. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 199-249], four studies suggested that the conscious, reflective processing system is vital for logical reasoning. Substantial decrements in logical reasoning were found when a cognitive load manipulation preoccupied conscious processing, while hampering the nonconscious system with consciously suppressed thoughts failed to impair reasoning (Experiment 1). Nonconscious activation (priming) of the idea of logical reasoning increased the activation of logic-relevant concepts, but failed to improve logical reasoning performance (Experiments 2a-2c) unless the logical conclusions were largely intuitive and thus not reliant on logical reasoning (Experiment 3). Meanwhile, stimulating the conscious goal of reasoning well led to improvements in reasoning performance (Experiment 4). These findings offer evidence that logical reasoning is aided by the conscious, reflective processing system.
Implementing solutions to barriers to on-site HIV testing in substance abuse treatment: a tale of three facilities.

Abstract Due to the scarcity of resources for implementing rapid onsite HIV testing, many substance abuse treatment programs do not offer these services. This study sought to determine whether addressing previously identified implementation barriers to integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into the treatment admissions process would increase offer and acceptance rates. Results indicate that it is feasible to integrate rapid HIV testing into existing treatment programs for substance abusers when resources are provided. Addressing barriers such as providing start-up costs for HIV testing, staff training, addressing staffing needs to reduce competing job responsibilities, and helping treatment staff members overcome their concerns about clients’ reactions to positive test results is paramount for the integration and maintenance of such programs.
Early Detection of Myocardial Ischemia after Successful Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty

We evaluated the functional significance of angiographically successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 50 patients before and after PTCA using an atrial pacing stress test. Before balloon angioplasty, 40/50 patients had transient ST-segment changes on the intracoronary (IC) ECG. After PTCA 14/50 patients continued to have ischemic changes on IC-ECG. Atrial pacing stress tests can be performed easily in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Despite angiographically successful dilatation, 28% of the patients have inducible ischemia indicating functionally inadequate dilatation. Inadequate functional dilatation may contribute to early return of symptoms in some patients.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL ANDROGYNY AND EARLY CHILD-REARING IDEALS AND PRACTICES

This study was designed to investigate the child-rearing ideals and practices of sex-typed and androgynous parents of young children. It was hypothesized that sex-typed and androgynous parents would select their own sex-role orientation as their idealized child's orientation and that sex-typed parents would differ from androgynous parents on their reported child-rearing practices. A total of 119 parents (single parents were excluded) participated by completing the Bem Sex-role Inventory (Bem, 1974) and the Child-rearing Practices Report (Block, 1965). A chi squared analysis indicated that sex-typed parents preferred that their children grow up to be sex-typed and androgynous parents preferred that their children grow up to be androgynous. A one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between the child-rearing practices of sex-typed and androgynous parents, except that sex-typed fathers emphasized achievement more than androgynous fathers. It was recommended that future researchers co...
Interaction of a Plasma Beam with a Transverse Magnetic Barrier

The interaction of an energetic He plasma beam with a quasi step-like transverse magnetic barrier is reported. When the rate of flow of momentum in the incident beam is less than the pressure of the magnetic field, a collisionless electrostatic shock is observed to form in front of the barrier as a result of the drastic compression of the plasma. The initially cold plasma is substantially thermalized by the shock and the electron density is increased by a factor of four. In the opposite limit the plasma penetrates the barrier in a flute-like manner.
Intuitiveness of Symbol Features for Air Traffic Management

We present the results of two online surveys asking participants to indicate what type of air traffic information might be conveyed by a number of symbols and symbol features (color, fill, text, and shape). The results of this initial study suggest that the well-developed concepts of ownership, altitude, and trajectory are readily associated with certain symbol features, while the relatively novel concept of equipage was not clearly associated with any specific symbol feature.
Epidemiology and virulence assessment of Salmonella dublin

Six strains of Salmonella dublin with distinct antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and/or plasmid profiles were repeatedly isolated from calves in a calf rearing facility. Three of the six strains were isolated from numerous calves during outbreaks of clinical salmonellosis while the other three were not. These strains were compared for their ability to adhere to and internalize in human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and in bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM), to survive in BAM, and to cause lethal infection in female BALB/c mice. All six strains of S. dublin demonstrated an ability to adhere to and internalize in both Caco-2 cells and in BAM. However, strain differences in the level of adhesion and/or internalization in Caco-2 cells and BAM were demonstrated. Most strains were able to persist but not proliferate in BAM. One outbreak-associated strain which readily attached and internalized in eukaryotic cells in vitro was avirulent to mice at the dose tested. The remaining five strains were virulent to mice. In vitro measures of virulence attributes were not clearly correlated with virulence among S. dublin strains measured either as prevalence in calves during outbreaks of disease or as mouse lethality. Also, there was no association between prevalence of strains in calves during outbreaks of clinical salmonellosis and lethality in mice.
Use of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Variability Data to Determine the Validity of Sham Therapy as the Placebo Control in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Research

Osteopathic manipulative medicine researchers often use sham therapy as the placebo control during clinical trials. Optimally, the sham therapy should be a hands-on procedure that is perceptually indistinguishable from osteopathic manipulative treatment, does not create an effect on its own, and is not a treatment intervention. However, the sham therapy itself may often influence the outcome. The use of cardiovascular variability (eg, beat-to-beat heart rate variability) as a surrogate for the autonomic nervous system is one objective method by which to identify such an effect. By monitoring cardiovascular variability, investigators can assess autonomic nervous system activity as a response to the sham therapy and quickly determine whether or not the selected sham therapy is a true placebo control. The authors provide evidence for assessment of beat-to-beat heart rate variability as one method for assuring objectivity of sham therapy as a placebo control in osteopathic manipulative medicine research.
Nuclear Factor Kappa B is a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Lung Disease

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) regulates the transcription of a wide array of gene products that are involved in the molecular pathobiology of the lung. Three lung cell types, epithelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils, have been shown to be involved in the generation of lung inflammation through signaling mechanisms that are dependent on activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. The basic molecular biology of the NF-kappaB activation pathway is well described, and approaches to modify this axis have involved inhibition of various components of the classical activation pathway, including ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation of IkappaB. Recently, there have been detailed characterizations of molecular mechanisms that involve reversible post-translational modification of RelA, including phosphorylation and acetylation that might be amenable to therapeutic interdiction. Alternately DNA decoy, antisense and siRNA technologies that interfere with NF-kappaB binding and inhibition of gene expression, respectively, of NF-kappaB proteins have been employed in experimental settings, but this has not been practically or effectively applied in human disease. A very promising approach, in our view, is inhibition of inhibitory kappa B kinases (IKK) since these appear to be highly specific for the NF-kappaB activation pathway and amenable to conventional small molecule pharmaceutical approaches.
Palomar and Table Mountain observations of 9P/Tempel 1 during the Deep Impact encounter: First results

We present the first results of the Palomar Adaptive Optics observations taken during the Deep Impact encounter with 9P/Tempel 1 in July 2005. We have combined the Palomar near-IR imaging data with our visual wavelength images obtained simultaneously at JPL's Table Mountain Observatory to cover the total wavelength range from 0.4 to 2.3 micrometers in the B, V, R, I, J, H, and K filter bands, spanning the dates from 2005 July 03-07.We also include in our overall analysis images taken on the pre-encounter dates of June 1 and June 15, 2005. The broad wavelength range of our observations, along with high temporal resolution, near-IR sensitivity, and spatial resolution of our imaging, have enabled us to place constraints on the temperature of the impact flash and incandescent plume of greater than 700 K, and to provide mean dust velocities of order 197 +/- 16 m/s approximately 1.25 h after impact derived from our 1.64 micro observations. Our ejected dust mass estimates, as derived from our near-IR observations, are an order of magnitude less than those previously reported for visual wavelength observations.
A preliminary investigation of the psychological impact of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescent females

Abstract There is an inadequate understanding of the psychological issues surrounding the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. The differential impact of acquiring cervical dysplasia was compared to acute gonococcal/chlamydial infections, evaluating 1) level of psychopathology and 2) intrusive or avoidant thoughts. Impact of diagnosis for the diseases was assessed as a function of time since diagnosis, and as a function of level of psychopathology. Two scales, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Impact of Events, were completed by 33 adolescents with cervical dysplasia, and 33 female adolescents with gonorrhea and/or chlamydia. The levels of psycho-pathology in either group were no greater than expected from normative samples. Those adolescents identified as psychological “cases” reported more avoidant thoughts. Length of time since diagnosis was not significantly related for either dysplasia or gonorrhea/Chlamydia subjects regarding intrusive or avoidant thoughts. The more common frequency of avoidant (rather than intrusive) thoughts raises issues about coping mechanisms in distressed adolescents.
Atomic Energy Levels for the Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac Potential

The eigenvalues of the Schr\"odinger equation have been obtained for the Thomas-Fermi and Thomas-Fermi-Dirac atomic potentials. Electron self-interactions were taken into account by modifying the potentials to give asymptotically the field of a unit charge. All levels were treated from $1s$ to $7d$ for a range of $Z$-values sufficient to permit easy interpolation. It was found that the energies, for either the Thomas-Fermi or Thomas-Fermi-Dirac potentials, agree in general as well with experimental ionization energies as the Hartree or Hartree-Fock approximations. Applications of the statistical potential to other atomic problems are indicated.
Vinyl quinones as Diels-Alder dienes: concise synthesis of (-)-halenaquinone.

A concise asymmetric synthesis of (−)-halenaquinone is described. The synthesis features a diastereoselective Heck cyclization to set a quaternary center as well as a novel intramolecular inverse-electron-demand Diels−Alder reaction involving a vinyl quinone. The synthesis is highly convergent and features a minimal amount of protecting group manipulations.
Operator functional state assessment for adaptive automation implementation

Mission success in military operations depends upon optimal functioning of all system components, including the human operator. The cognitive demands of current systems can exceed the capabilities of the human operator. In some situations, such as Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV) operations, one operator may be required to supervise several vehicles simultaneously. The functional state of the human operator is not currently considered in the overall system assessment. It has been assumed that the operator could “manage” any situation given a well designed system. However, with the requirement to monitor and remotely monitor several vehicles simultaneously during combat comes the possibility of cognitive overload. This increases the probability of committing errors. We have developed on-line measures of operator functional state using psychophysiological measures. These measures provide estimates of how well an operator can deal with the current task demands. When the operator is cognitively overloaded the system may be able to implement adaptive aiding procedures. This will reduce the task demands on the operator thereby improving mission success. We have demonstrated correct assessment of the functional state of the operator with accuracies of 95% or better. Psychophysiological measures were used with classifiers such as artificial neural networks. In one study, adaptive aiding was applied when the classifier determined operator overload. The aiding resulted in significantly improved performance.
Postharvest grazing of hogs in organic fruit orchards for weed, fruit, and insect pest management

In many perennial fruit systems, unharvested fruit left on the orchard floor can exacerbate insect pest problems by harboring insect pest larvae. Apple, cherry, and pear growers in the northeastern USA must control a number of challenging insect pests, including plum curculio Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.)), and oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck). Integrating livestock into tree fruit systems for the purpose of consuming leftover fruit may provide insect and weed pest management services. We rotationally grazed pigs after harvest in certified organic apple, cherry, and pear orchards to determine the amount of fruit the hogs would consume from the orchard floor, the impact hogs would have on orchard ground cover, and what pest insects the hogs could potentially suppress by consuming leftover fruit. The pigs consumed 100 % of leftover fruit in all three orchard types. Pigs significantly increased the amount of bare ground and decreased the amount of grass in all three orchard types. Both codling moth and oriental fruit moth larvae were found to be present in leftover apples and pears collected from the ground, whereas no pest insects were found in leftover cherries. Plum curculio fruit damage was significantly lower in grazed cherry plots, and codling moth/oriental fruit moth fruit damage was significantly lower in grazed pear plots following the first year of the study. Fruit damage data could not be collected following the second year of the study due to total crop loss.
Statistical and percolation effects on ionic conduction in amorphous systems

Abstract The power-law dependence of the dc conductivity on ionic concentration in amorphous systems is derived within the context of percolation theory and shown to be a statistical effect. The combination of the statistics of level occupation and percolative transport is shown to describe the general trends of the data.
Adrenocortical neoplasms with hemihypertrophy, brain tumors, and other disorders.

Study was made of the hospital charts of 62 children with adrenocortical neoplasms,in a search for congenital defects. Two of the children had congenital hemihypertrophy, a rare defect which has been noted previously in 4 instances of adrenocortical tumor, and which occurs in excess with Wilms' tumor and probably in children with cancer of the liver; 5 children had congenital anomalies of the urinary tract; 9 had a variety of hamartomatous lesions, defects which are associated with Wilms' tumor; 2 developed astrocytoma soon after the diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma; and one had congenital agenesis of the contralateral adrenal gland (the eighth such instance reported to date). Despite the rarity of adrenocortical carcinoma, 2 of the affected children were sibs. These data may provide further clues to the understanding of the relationship between oncogenesis and teratogenesis.
Multiple variables affecting blood usage in lung transplantation.

Background A few publications have reported on the role of variables affecting blood component usage during lung transplantation. Methods Transfusion records for lung transplantation patients at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (November 1991 to July 2004) were reviewed. Bivariate analyses and regression models were used to correlate usage of packed red blood cells (RBC), fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets (PLT) with variables such as disease, number of pulmonary lobes (1 or 2), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) status and time on bypass. Results Among 376 patients examined during the study period, blood product usage (in units) was significantly higher in double- than in single-lung recipients (RBC, 5.76 vs 1.21; FFP, 5.55 vs 1.10; PLT, 1.15 vs 0.16; p p p Conclusions Patients receiving double-lung transplantations, on CPB, or transplanted for ES and CF exhibited a very highly statistically significant demand ( p
Food and Drug Administration Viewpoints on Toxicokinetics: The View from Review

The importance of drug kinetics for interpretation of toxicity findings and for cross-species toxicity assessment has been long recognized. Recently, an international effort was initiated to standardize guidance on the kinetic data to be collected in conjunction with toxicity studies. The guidance addresses the kinetic data to be included in studies on carcinogenicity, reproduction toxicity, genotoxicity, and single- and repeat-dose toxicity. In various stages of development or implementation, the guidance is intentionally nondetailed regarding the specific kinetic assessments to be performed. This is to allow flexibility in study design and ensures that scientific judgment is used to determine the appropriate kinetic endpoints to achieve study- and drug-specific goals. Some examples of how kinetics have been used at the Food and Drug Administration in review of toxicity studies submitted in drug applications are presented. The examples discussed demonstrate successful and unsuccessful integration of kinetics into study design and interpretation and highlight the impact on the drug development program from a regulatory perspective.