cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A BLOOD GROUP AND BUTTERFAT PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE.

MANY workers have examined the possibility that the polymorphism found in cattle blood groups may be due in part to their association with production characters. Various associations have been found1–4, but the most striking one is between fat percentage and the B allele BBO1Y2D′ (refs. 5–7).
Role of Endothelin in Hypertension of Experimental Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract Surgical ablation of renal mass leads to a reduction in kidney function and commonly to the development of hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats. The objective of this study was to determine whether endothelin (ET)-1 is involved in the maintenance of the hypertension that accompanies loss of renal mass. First, we demonstrated the antihypertensive efficacy of PD 155080, a selective, orally active ET A receptor antagonist, in a group of rats made hypertensive by continuous intravenous infusion of ET-1 (2.5 pmol · kg −1 · min −1 ) for 7 days. ET-1 produced a sustained hypertension and PD 155080 (56.4 μmol/kg [25mg/kg] BID PO) normalized blood pressure (BP) during the 5 days of drug administration. In a second experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 5/6 reduction in renal mass (RRM); 4 weeks later, PD 155080 administered for 7 days resulted in a sustained reduction in BP. Sham-operated rats also showed a slight hypotensive response to PD 155080 administration. Plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, urinary protein excretion, and creatinine clearance were not altered by PD 155080 administration in RRM or sham rats. In a third experiment, we investigated the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to BP control in RRM rats given PD 155080. In these rats, PD 155080 reduced BP during 5 treatment days, and this antihypertensive effect was not altered by coadministration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in the drinking water (508 μmol/L [250 mg/L]). These results demonstrate that (1) ET-1 plays a role in established RRM hypertension through activation of the ET A receptor subtype, (2) lowering blood pressure with PD 155080 in RRM rats does not adversely affect renal function, and 3) the antihypertensive effect of ET A receptor antagonism is not opposed by the renin-angiotensin system.
Satellite measurements and theories of low altitude auroral particle acceleration

Several previous and new S3-3 satellite results on DC electric fields, field-aligned currents, and waves are described, interpreted theoretically, and applied to the understanding of auroral particle acceleration at altitudes below 8000 km. These results include the existence of two spatial scale sizes (less than 0.1 degree and a few degrees invariant latitude) in both the perpendicular and parallel electric fields; the predominance of S-shaped rather than V-shaped equipotential contours on both spatial saales; the correlated presence of field-aligned currents, low frequency wave turbulence, coherent ion cyclotron wave emissions and accelerated upmoving ions and downgoing electrons; intense waves inside electrostatic shocks and important wave-particle interactions therein; correlations of field-aligned currents with magnetospheric boundaries that are determined by convection electric field measurements; electron acceleration producing discrete auroral arcs in the smaller scale fields and producing inverted-V events in the larger scale fields; ion and electron acceleration due to both wave-particle interactions and the parallel electric fields. Further analyses of acceleration mechanisms and energetics are presented.
Numerical Coupling of Fluid and Structure in Cardiac Flow and Devices

Numerical simulations are a powerful tool in investigation of flow and structure dynamics in biological systems and in the design of biomedical devices. Time-dependent fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems in biological systems are often characterized by a periodic nature and relatively low Reynolds number. In order to solve the dynamics of the fluid and structure of coupled systems, different approaches may be used. Several parameters such as geometrical complexity, degree of displacement, convergence to steady periodicity, and the system stability may determine the coupling method. In the talk, four numerical studies of biological and implanted systems will be presented, each with a different FSI approach. The first study is of flow through mechanical heart valves, using finite-volume (FV) fluid solver coupled with an external structural solver using a weak coupling scheme for large displacements. The second study is of flow inside a pulsatile ventricular assist device with FV fluid solver coupled with finite-element (FE) structure solver using a strong staggered coupling assuming small displacements. The third study is of flow through vulnerable plaque in the coronary arteries, with FE solvers for both the fluid and structure domains, using a fully-coupled iterative scheme assuming small displacements. The fourth simulation is of an impedance pump using a direct FE coupling method for large displacements. In addition to the methodology, the applicative design and hemodynamic aspects of the cases will be discussed, including washout properties and risk for thrombosis. The results obtained from the studies will be compared to experimental analyses.
Optical Packet Routing in Distributed Grid Computing Architectures

Requirements for timing alignments among optical packet switched clusters in grid computing are developed and expressions for required packet guard times and fibre transmission lengths are obtained. Timing tolerances are verified in an experimental demonstration.
A celebration of the pioneering work on quasicrystals in France and the expansion of crystallography

Abstract The coincidence of a meeting at CECM/CNRS in 1985 to plan work on the newly discovered quasicrystals with a meeting at IHES on hyperspace crystallography greatly expanded crystallography and made France a major player in the opportunities provided by this discovery. Adherence to a paradigm which forbade possible symmetries for sharply diffracting solids discouraged US crystallographers from the field. Even though there were many earlier warnings and amendments to this false paradigm, it was considered by many to be a defining law of crystallography. By 1992, the International Union of Crystallography changed the definition of crystals to include quasicrystals. This definition still excludes many ordered structures, like a recently studied isotropic metallic structure that is as strongly ordered as a related intermetallic crystal.
Serotonergic neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy) in the developing rat brain

The abused drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) damages fine serotonergic fibers and nerve terminals in adult organisms; however, developing animals seem less susceptible to this effect. One proposed hypothesis is that neonates are less sensitive to MDMA neurotoxicity because they fail to show drug-induced hyperthermia. We tested this hypothesis by producing hyperthermia in neonatal rats for 2 hours after each of twice-daily MDMA (10 mg/kg sc) or saline injections given over the period from postnatal day (PD) 1 to 4. Other drug-treated and control litters were maintained at normothermic temperatures after injection. Differential core body temperatures were achieved by placing pups (without the dam) in humidified, thermostatically controlled incubators. Temperatures were monitored with a thermocouple probe at 30-minute intervals. Pups subsequently remained undisturbed until sacrifice at PD 25 and PD 60 for assessment of serotonergic damage by measuring 5-HT transporter (SERT) binding in the hippocampus and neocortex as well as 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations (PD 25 only). Neonatal MDMA exposure led to significant reductions in both SERT binding and 5-HT levels in the hippocampus at PD 25, independent of body temperature during treatment. Hippocampal SERT binding increased between PD 25 and PD 60 in both the MDMA and saline groups, but the MDMA-related deficit remained unchanged. Interestingly, the neocortex showed no effect of MDMA at PD 25, but SERT binding was significantly reduced at PD 60. Thus, MDMA can exert serotonergic neurotoxicity in developing animals in the absence of elevated body temperature. Hippocampal serotonergic innervation is damaged early, whereas neocortical effects emerge at a later time. Furthermore, the tendency for serotonergic recovery may be less after neonatal MDMA exposure than exposure of adult animals.
Efficiency Comparison of AC-Link and TIPS (SST) Topologies based on accurate device models

In this paper, a comparative study on AC-Link™ Topology and a conventional solid state transformer (TIPS) has been shown. Alongside, as a building block, a comparative device level design study has been shown for 6.5kV Si-IGBT/SiC JBS diode, 6.5kV Si-IGBT/Si-PiN Diode and 10kV SiC-MOSFET/SiC-JBS Diode for a zero voltage/current transition and hard switched condition for medium voltage application. It is shown that soft switching yields a considerable reduction of losses for all devices. A low voltage hardware device test prototype has been built and tested. The main motive of the paper is to make a fair judgment on the two topologies with accurate device testing. This is further extended to the maximum attainable frequency analysis, corresponding efficiency comparison, frequency transfer capability and various other topology based comparisons.
Arrow's Theorem for incomplete relations

Two theorems are presented that extend Arrow's Theorem to relations that are not necessarily complete. Let U be a set with three or more elements, let W be the set of weak orderings of U, let L be the set of linear orderings of U, and let f be an n-ary function mapping Wn to W. By Arrow's Impossibility Theorem, if f satisfies Arrow's Condition P (“Pareto”) and Condition 3 (“independence of irrelevant alternatives”) then f violates Arrow's condition of non-dictatorship, which implies that the restriction of f to linear orderings is a projection function, i.e., there is some k∈{1,…,n} such that f(R1,…,Rn)=Rk for all linear orderings R1,…,Rn∈L. Thus Arrow's Theorem provides a characterization of projection functions on linear orderings as those that satisfy two conditions that clearly hold for projection functions, but which are sufficient (by Arrow's Theorem) to imply a function is a projection function. We prove a similar characterization in Theorem 3 and use it to derive Arrow's characterization for projection functions on linear orderings. Arrow's Theorem does not characterize projection functions on weak orderings, but Theorem 3 does characterize projection functions on a strictly larger class than the weak orderings, namely the transitive co-transitive relations. Along the way we prove, as a consequence of Theorem 2, that if a transitive-valued multivariate relational function f satisfies relational versions of Arrow's Conditions P and 3, and maps equivalence relations on U to transitive relations on U, then for some D0⊆{1,…,n}, f(R1,…,Rn) is just the intersection of all Ri for i∈D0.
Bathrocephaly: a head shape associated with a persistent mendosal suture.

Bathrocephaly, a deformity of the posterior skull with bulging of the midportion of the occipital bone, is often associated with a benign variant of the mendosal suture (Mulliken and Le, 2008). The endochondral and membranous portions of the occipital bone converge at the mendosal suture, which normally closes during fetal life or early infancy. When it persists, it is associated with a characteristic head shape that requires no intervention. We review the clinical findings associated with postnatal persistence of the mendosal suture and discuss other factors that may be associated with bathrocephaly.
PATTERNS OF QUANTITATIVE VARIATION IN LEPIDOPTERAN WING MORPHOLOGY: THE CONVERGENT GROUPS HELICONIINAE AND ITHOMIINAE (PAPILIONOIDEA: NYMPHALIDAE)

Wing morphology has historically been a major focus in taxonomic and evolutionary studies of lepidopterans. However, general patterns of quantitative variation and diversification in wing sizes and shapes and the factors underlying them have been unexplored. A morphometric study of wing variation in the convergent heliconine and ithomine butterflies reveals remarkable similarities, both in their morphologies at a given size and in their patterns of allometry and variability. The groups differ primarily in the relative lengths of inner and outer forewing margins, with larger species being more similar across groups than smaller ones. Allometric size-scaling variation accounts for more than 90% of the total morphological variation in the two groups and thus seems to be the major determinant of wing shape. Forewings and hind wings are isometric in size (area) with respect to one another; however, wing shape within and among groups is significantly allometric, resulting in considerable shape differences between small and large species. A strong trend of increasing variability from anterior to posterior along the wings is consistent with hypotheses of aerodynamic constraint. Wings and bodies represent classical morphological "character suites" in that size and shape variation are more tightly correlated within suites than among them. Such complexes argue against the overriding importance of aerodynamic factors, such as wing load and muscle development, in constraining gross morphology.
Ultrasound Findings in Trisomy 22

We sought to identify the characteristic sonographic findings of fetal trisomy 22 by performing a retrospective review of nine cases of fetal trisomy 22. All cases of chromosomal mosaicism were excluded, as were first-trimester losses. Indications for sonography, gestational age, and sonographically detected fetal anomalies were analyzed. The majority of patients were referred for advanced maternal age or abnormal ultrasound findings on screening exam. Oligohydramnios was the most common sonographic finding, present in 55% of affected fetuses. Intrauterine growth restriction and increased nuchal thickness were slightly less frequent.
The Tb-theorem on non-homogeneous spaces

0 Introduction: main objects and results 3 0.1 Main results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0.2 An application of T1-heorem: electric intensity capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0.3 How to interpret Calderon–Zygmund operator T? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0.3.1 Bilinear form is defined on Lipschitz functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0.3.2 Bilinear form is defined for smooth functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0.3.3 Apriori boundedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.4 Plan of the paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Effect of Concentrated PV Gradients on Stationary Waves.

The author reexamines the Charney-Drazin problem with special attention to the concentration of potential vorticity gradient in the neighborhood of the tropopause. It is found that the degree of concentration has a profound effect on the response to stationary forcing, with greater concentration leading to greater response. Smoothing the concentration either analytically or numerically (by using coarser resolution) both lead to reduced responses, especially at higher wavenumbers. The results suggest a potentially important interaction between baroclinically unstable eddies and stationary waves. Insofar as the former act to mix potential vorticity in the troposphere while concentrating gradients at tropopause levels, they significantly condition the basic state for the latter.
Softness and potential to cause rebreathing: Differences in bedding used by infants at high and low risk for sudden infant death syndrome

Abstract Objective : This study was carried out to determine whether bedding used by infants, who are at either high or low risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), differs in physical properties favoring rebreathing of exhaled gases. Study design : We compared softness and limitation of carbon dioxide dispersal by bedding, using a mechanical model. A questionnaire was used to describe sociodemographic risk factors and sleep practices; bedding was studied in homes with a model positioned where each infant was found sleeping that morning. Results : The groups differed with respect to five sociodemographic risk factors ( p values all ≤ 0.0001). In addition, infants at higher risk were more likely to have been placed to sleep prone (46%, p = 0.02) by parents who were less likely to be aware of the risk associated with the prone position (62% aware, p = 0.005). Infants at higher risk had softer bedding (p 2 vs 33.7 ± 7.7 cm 2 in contact with model), which caused more limitation of carbon dioxide dispersal ( p = 0.008; CO 2 retained, 0.60% ± 0.15% vs 0.34% ± 0.05%). Conclusions : A series of infants who are at high risk for SIDS because of sociodemographic factors more often sleep on bedding that has physical properties favoring rebreathing, and their parents are less often aware of the risk associated with prone sleeping. (J Pediatr 1998;132:234-9)
Report: World Wide Web Sites for the Dissemination of Science to the Public A Classification into Three Types

This report examines various World Wide Web sites that are intended to disseminate scientific information to the public, and classifies these sites into three general types: those sites that were originally intended specifically for an audience with a strong science background, but have evolved into sites that include the general public in their overall focus; those sites intended from the outset for a general audience; and those intended from the outset for children. Using descriptions of representative sites, this report discusses some of the characteristics of each category and how well such efforts meet the goal of communicating about science to a populace with increasing access to computers, but not always with the basic or in-depth scientific background to use these sites to their full potential.
Interference effects in the light scattering by transparent plates

Abstract We examine the effect of interference on the light scattering by transparent plates of arbitrary refractive index with moderate to large width-to-thickness ratios using a scattering model developed within the framework of the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). The GTD method bridges the gap between the geometric optics and the resonance region, thus allowing us to investigate the light scattered by plates of very large size down to the size of a few wavelengths. In particular, we study the dependence of the angular distribution of the intensity and the linear polarization on the geometrical dimensions of the plate.
Innovative Solar Optical Materials

A variety of optical coatings are discussed in the context of solar energy utilization. Well-known coatings such as transparent conductors (heat mirrors), selective absorbers, and reflective films are surveyed briefly. Emphasis is placed on the materials' limitations and on use of lesser-known optical coatings and materials. Physical and optical properties are detailed for protective antireflection films, cold mirrors, fluorescent concentrator materials, radiative cooling surfaces, and optical switching films including electrochromic, thermochromic, photochromic, and liquid crystal types. For many of these materials, research has only recently been considered, so various design and durability issues need to be addressed.
Numerical fluid-hammer analysis by the method of characteristics in complex piping networks

Abstract This paper describes the method of characteristics as used to calculate fluid-hammer problems in complex piping networks. The formulation is based on the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation that contains the viscous term expressed as wall friction. A stepwise solution procedure is constructed from compatibility relations along characteristics and appropriate boundary conditions describing various types of pipe joints. The close agreement between the numerical result and the acoustic solution validates the boundary conditions for sudden area change based on steady-state flow conditions. A non-reflecting far-end boundary condition is devised that enables certain portions of a complex system to be analyzed. A dummy-junction boundary condition proved useful in treating systems containing long pipe sections in comparison to other pipes of the system. The numerical results obtained for the sodium-loop piping arrangement of the experimental breeder reactor II with the sodium-water reaction as the pressure disturbance are presented and discussed.
A method for estimating outcrossing rates in natural populations of plants

A method is described for estimating outcrossing rates in natural populations of self-compatible plants, by comparing the viability of zygotes produced by natural open pollination with that of the products of artificial self-fertilisation and outcrossing.
Two classes of group divisible partial diallel crosses

Various forms of the diallel cross have been used in plant and animal breeding, but this form of investigation requires a large number of lines or individuals which very often leads to rather unmanageable experiments. For this reason the concept of the partial diallel cross (PDC) has been introduced (Kempthorne, 1957; Gilbert, 1958; Hinkelmann & Stern, 1960; Kempthorne & Curnow, 1961), in which only a sample of all possible crosses of the complete diallel cross (CDC) is carried out. Gilbert (1958) has mentioned the analogy between PDC's and incomplete block designs with blocks of size two. Since a CDC corresponds to a balanced incomplete block design (Kempthorne & Curnow, 1961) it was to be expected that partially balanced incomplete block designs (PBIB) would be related to certain types of PDC's. Curnow (1963) and Fyfe & Gilbert (1963) have given some PDC's derived from PBIB's with two associate classes, and Fyfe & Gilbert (1963) further introduce PDC's derived from a PBIB with three associate classes (their factorial designs). In this paper we shall consider the correspondence between PDC's and PBIB's with m associate classes and give a general method of analysing these designs (?2). In search for some more flexible designs than those derived from PBIB's with two associate classes we came across two rather general classes. One class is derived from a generalization of group divisible PBIB's with two associate classes (Roy, 1953-54). The other class is believed to be new, representing an extension of a design with three associate classes given by Vartak (1959). The definitions of these PBIB's are given in ? 3. The formation of PDC's from these PBIB's is discussed briefly in ? 4. An example is presented in Appendix A. In ?? 5 and 6 the analysis of these PDC's is given. For some selected values of N, the number of lines involved in a diallel cross experiment, we list the best designs out of these two classes in Appendix B.
Soft x-ray diagnostics of CO2 laser-produced magnetoplasmas

Abstract Gain-switched CO 2 laser pulses were focused onto planar solid targets located in an evacuated cell within a 100 kG Bitter solenoid. The resulting plasmas were studied using soft X-ray diagnostics including a TAP crystal spectrometer, fast p-i-n diodes, and a pinhole camera. Strong beam refraction effects, which depend on the target material, were observed with increasing field.
Totally endoscopic robotic-assisted repair of patent ductus arteriosus and vascular ring in children.

Background This study reports on our initial experience with robotically assisted patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and vascular ring division in children. Methods From April 2002 to May 2004, 15 patients underwent PDA closure (n = 9) and vascular ring repair (n = 6) by a totally endoscopic approach, utilizing the Da Vinci robotic system. The mean age of the patients was 8.3 ± 4.7 years (range, 3 to 18) and the mean weight, 35.5 ± 19.0 kg (range, 14.1 to 77.0 kg). Three thoracoscopic trocars were used to accommodate the endoscopic camera and two surgical instruments with an additional small incision for lung retraction. After dissection by the surgeon seated at the master console, PDA ligation with clips or division of the atretic arch and ductal ligament was performed. Results Total operative times were 170 ± 46 minutes (PDA) and 167 ± 48 minutes (vascular ring). One patient with vascular ring was converted to thoracotomy because of dense adhesions due to previous surgery. Precise and easy surgical maneuver was possible with the articulated surgical instruments and three-dimensional visualization in 14 patients. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography confirmed no persistent shunt in all PDA patients. No laryngeal nerve injury and hemorrhage were noted. All patients were extubated in the operating room. Median length of postoperative hospital stay was 1.5 days. Conclusions Robotically assisted PDA closure and vascular ring division is a feasible and safe procedure. Future technologic improvement, including smaller instrument size and incorporation of tactile feedback, may permit application of this technique to even younger infants and intracardiac repairs.
Thermally processed levan polymers

Abstract Levan polysaccharide used in this study was microbially produced from Bacillus sp. Levan was first blended with glycerol and a concurrent change in glass transition temperature ( T g ) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was observed. Levan was made into films by pressing the levan/glycerol blends on a heated compression molder. It was found that films with 20–30 weight percent (wt%) glycerol made cohesive, pliable films. However, films with less than 10 wt% glycerol were too brittle to handle and test. Films with greater than 30 wt% glycerol were not cohesive and were more “liquid”-like than “solid”-like. It was found that 20 wt% glycerol was a critical point for effective levan plasticization. Based on the compression-molding data, levan was extruded using optimal glycerol contents and heating regimes. Efficient extrusion of levan/glycerol blends required at least 35% glycerol, indicating extrusion may better incorporate glycerol into the levan structure over room temperature mixing and heated compression-molding. Adding water to the blend, either by replacing glycerol or levan, greatly reduced extrusion viscosity.
METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE INFRARED VIEWS OF CLOUD GROWTH ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY CYCLONES

During March 1962, the cloud changes associated with the predevelopment and development-periods of two secondary cyclones in the North Pacific Ocean were viewed on at least two successive days by the 8-12p “window” channel of the TIROS IV meteorological satellite. Both secondary cyclones developed at the base of the occlusion. For the two cases, when the secondary circulations were first noticeable on the surface chart, the equivalent blackbody temperatures (TaB) as measured by the radiometer averaged 15’K colder than the day before in the northeast quadrant relative to the base of the occulusion. The average TBB was taken over an area of approximately 300,000 mi2. For two other cases, an average warming of 4’K occured from day to day over the same area relative to th2 base of the occlusion when no significant secondary development occurred and when the primary occluded cyclone was slowly weakening. These results suggest that, with the assistance of meteorological satellite radiation data, considerable cloud growth is noticeable prior to the generation of a secondary cyclone at the base of the occlusion.
Silica nanoparticle-based films on titanium substrates with long-term superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic stability

Abstract We report the fabrication of stable superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces on titanium substrates using simple methods. Sandblasting the titanium surface to generate microscale roughness, followed by dip-coating in a colloidal silica nanoparticle solution to generate nanoscale roughness and a hydrophilic surface chemistry, produces a superhydrophilic surface. Further chemical modification with a several-nanometer-thick low surface energy fluorinated carbon film renders the surface superhydrophobic. The wettability of these superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces display a high degree of stability, as both surfaces retain their wetting properties for at least 54 days under multiple wetting/de-wetting cycles. Furthermore, the superhydrophilic surfaces retain their wetting properties in excess of 25 months after storage in ambient atmosphere. Due to their long-term wetting stability and ease of fabrication, these surfaces have potential applications in a variety of fields, including biomedical fields where titanium is widely used.
Elemental variation in the termite fishing of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Chimpanzee tool behaviours vary dramatically in their complexity and extent of geographical distribution. The use of tool sets with specific design features to gather termites extends across a large portion of central Africa. Detailed examination of the composition and uniformity of such complex tool tasks has the potential to advance our understanding of the cognitive capabilities of tool users and processes underlying the maintenance of technological skills. In this study, we examined variation in chimpanzee tool use in termite gathering from video-recorded sequences that were scored to the level of functionally distinct behavioural elements. Overall, we found a high degree of similarity in tool-using techniques exhibited by individuals in this population. The number of elements in each individual's repertoire often exceeded that necessary to accomplish the task, with consistent differences in repertoire sizes between age classes. Adults and subadults had the largest repertoires and more consistently exhibited element strings than younger individuals. Larger repertoires were typically associated with incorporation of rare variants, some of which indicate flexibility and intelligence. These tool using apes aid us in understanding the evolution of technology, including that of our human ancestors, which showed a high degree of uniformity over large spatial scales.
Colloid Surfactants for Emulsion Stabilization

Similar concepts of packing should, inprinciple,alsobeapplicabletocolloidalparticles.Ifso,itmightbe possible to control the emulsion drop size and shape withthe same strategy as used for molecular surfactants, providingconsiderable ﬂexibility control to the emulsion. However, theapplicabilityoftheconceptofthepackingparametertocolloidalparticleshasneverbeenconsidered.TotesttheapplicabilityofP
Keynote Address: Media, Markets, Gender: Economies of Visibility in a Neoliberal Moment

This is the keynote address I gave at the Console-ing Passions Conference in April 2014, in Columbia, Missouri. In this talk, I attempted to offer a broad picture of the contemporary gendered economy of visibility and what I am calling the marketing of “empowerment feminism.” It is reproduced here as a talk, without the typical conventions of a scholarly article. A part of it has been published in a special issue of Continuum, Issue 29, Vol. 2, 2015, edited by Amy Dobson and Anita Harris.
Employment and Gubernatorial Elections during the Gilded Age

The theory of political business cycles predicts economies will experience a short-run expansion during an election period. Cross-sectional evidence from 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, and 1910, does not reveal statistically significant differences in gainful employment rates between states with and without a gubernatorial election in that year. Pooled regression analysis suggests gubernatorial elections are positively correlated with the state employment rate, but an annual fixed effect model designed to account for differences over time in the measurement of gainful employment mitigates this conclusion.
Time domain simulation of the response of geometrically nonlinear panels subjected to random loading

The response of composite panels subjected to random pressure loads large enough to cause geometrically nonlinear responses is studied. A time domain simulation is employed to solve the equations of motion. An adaptive time stepping algorithm is employed to minimize intermittent transients. A modified algorithm for the prediction of response spectral density is presented which predicts smooth spectral peaks for discrete time histories. Results are presented for a number of input pressure levels and damping coefficients. Response distributions are calculated and compared with the analytical solution of the Fokker-Planck equations. RMS response is reported as a function of input pressure level and damping coefficient. Spectral densities are calculated for a number of examples.
The Defining Issues Test and the Four Component Model: Contributions to Professional Education.

This article reviews studies examining the effect of professional education on ethical development. Most studies limit assessment to the measurement of moral judgement, observing that moral judgement plateaus during professional school unless an ethics intervention is present. Whereas interventions influence the shift to postconventional reasoning (the DIT P score), a more illuminating picture of change may emerge if researchers examined DIT profiles. More importantly, limiting assessment to measures of moral judgement ignores important aspects of moral functioning suggested by the Four Component Model. Assessment methods have been validated for sensitivity, reasoning, role concept and ethical implementation that could be adapted to provide individuals in a particular profession with a more complete picture of abilities needed for real-life professional practice.
EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHOD AND pH OF PRECIPITATION ON THE YIELDS AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN ISOLATES FROM GLANDLESS COTTONSEED

SUMMARY— Glandless cottonseed meals were prepared under controlled conditions in a pilot plant by three different processing methods. These meals along with a glandless cottonseed meal produced at a commercial oil mill were used as source meals for protein isolates. Two protein fractions differing in composition and characteristics were isolated from each type meal using a two-step, two-solvent isolation procedure developed at the USDA Southern Utilization R & D Div. yields of each isolate precipitated at three different pH levels were determined on the pilot plant meals. Isolate yields from the commercial meal were determined near the respective isoelectric points of the two fractions. Functional properties including whippability, heat gelation, solubility and foaming properties, were measured on all isolates. Variation in measured values due to meal processing method and precipitation pH was statistically assessed in some instances. Meal processing method was found to significantly affect the yield of Isolate I, the minor isolate. pH of precipitation was found to significantly affect the yield of Isolate II, the major isolate. Also, it was shown that the pH-solubility profiles of both Isolates I and II could be altered by changing the pH at which they were precipitated. The functional properties of isolates from meals processed without heat were superior to those of isolates from heated meals. Data collected indicated the need for a new practice in evaluating the extent of denaturation of cottonseed protein products. The present practice of determining nitrogen solubility at one point was shown to be inadequate.
RURAL AND URBAN POVERTY: AN INCOME/NET WORTH APPROACH

This paper examines rural and urban changes in the distribution of poverty that would result from modifying the conventional poverty measure to include the annuity value of household net worth. Use of this new income/wealth measure caused numerous shifts in the location and demography of the poverty population. Among those more often found to be in poverty under the new measure were young, renter, and large central city resident households. Age, homeownership, farm employment, education, retirement status, public assistance participation, and residence in the West were important factors in explaining the divergence of the WH and INC measures. The age and retirement impacts were significantly different in rural and urban areas. Rural residence itself was not an important factor in explaining WH and INC differences.
Two-dimensional equations for guided EM waves in dielectric plates surrounded by free space

A set of two-dimensional electromagnetic equations is derived for guided waves in a dielectric plate surrounded by free space. In these equations, the interaction of the vibrating field in the plate with the evanescent field in free space is taken into account by satisfying the continuity conditions at the faces of the plate. Dispersion relations for straight-crested waves are obtained from the two-dimensional equations as a series of algebraic equations instead of the transcendental equations from the three-dimensional Maxwell's equations. It is shown that the agreement is close between the approximate and exact dispersion curves for various orders of waves and for different values of refractive index. >
Sky/ground modeling for autonomous MAV flight

Recently, we have implemented a computer-vision based horizon-tracking algorithm for flight stability and autonomy in micro air vehicles (MAVs) [S. M. Ettinger et al., 2002]. Occasionally, this algorithm fails in scenarios where the underlying Gaussian assumption for the sky and ground appearances is not appropriate. Therefore, in this paper, we present a general statistical image modeling framework which we have use to build prior models of the sky and ground. Once trained, these models can be incorporated into our existing horizon-tracking algorithm. Since the appearances of the sky and ground vary enormously, no single feature is sufficient for accurate modeling: as such, we rely both on color and texture as critical features in our modeling framework. Specifically, we choose hue and intensity for our color representation, and the complex wavelet transform (CWT) for our texture representation. We then use hidden Markov tree (HMT) models, which are particularly well suited for the CWT's inherent tree structure, as our underlying statistical models over our feature space. With this approach, we have achieved reliable and robust image segmentation of flight images from on-board our MAVs as well as on more difficult-to-classify sky/ground images.
Phacoemulsification tip vacuum pressure: Comparison of 4 devices.

Purpose To determine the vacuum pressure generated by 4 phacoemulsification devices measured at the phacoemulsification tip. Setting University ophthalmology department. Methods The effective vacuum pressures generated by the Sovereign (AMO), Millennium (Bausch & Lomb), Legacy AdvanTec (Alcon Laboratories), and Infiniti (Alcon Laboratories) phacoemulsification machines were measured with a device that isolated the phacoemulsification tip in a chamber connected to a pressure gauge. The 4 machines were tested at multiple vacuum limit settings, and the values were recorded after the foot pedal was fully depressed and the pressure had stabilized. The AdvanTec and Infiniti machines were tested with and without occlusion of the Aspiration Bypass System (ABS) side port (Alcon Laboratories). The Millennium machine was tested using venturi and peristaltic pumps. Results The machines generated pressures close to the expected at maximum vacuum settings between 100 mm Hg and 500 mm Hg with few intermachine variations. There was no significant difference between pressures generated using 19- or 20-gauge tips (Millennium and Sovereign). The addition of an ABS side port decreased vacuum by a mean of 12.1% (P Conclusion Although there were some variations in vacuum pressures among phacoemulsification machines, particularly when an aspiration bypass tip was used, these discrepancies are probably not clinically significant.
On the Ability to Detect the Influence of Spawning Stock on Recruitment

Abstract Simulated observations of spawning stock size, recruitment, and two random environmental variables were obtained from a density-independent Leslie matrix model. Recruitment to Age 1 was directly proportional to population fecundity but strongly influenced by the effects of the random environmental variables. The simulated observations were subjected to multiple regression analysis which detected the influence of the random environmental variables but did not reliably detect the influence of spawning stock. These results indicate that multiple regression is unreliable in detecting the influence of stock on recruitment when annual variations in recruitment are primarily due to environmental factors.
Optical gain and stimulated emission in periodic nanopatterned crystalline silicon.

Persistent efforts have been made to achieve efficient light emission from silicon1,2,3,4,5,6,7 in the hope of extending the reach of silicon technology into fully integrated optoelectronic circuits, meeting the needs for high-bandwidth intrachip and interchip connects8. Enhanced light emission from silicon is known to be theoretically possible9,10, enabled mostly through quantum-confinement effects2,3,4. Furthermore, Raman-laser conversion was demonstrated in silicon waveguides11,12. Here we report on optical gain and stimulated emission in uniaxially nanopatterned silicon-on-insulator using a nanopore array as an etching mask13. In edge-emission measurements, we observed threshold behaviour, optical gain, longitudinal cavity modes and linewidth narrowing, along with a collimated far-field pattern, all indicative of amplification and stimulated emission14,15,16,17. The sub-bandgap 1,278 nm emission peak is attributed to A-centre mediated phononless direct recombination between trapped electrons and free holes18,19,20. The controlled nanoscale silicon engineering, combined with the low material loss in this sub-bandgap spectral range and the long electron lifetime in such A-type trapping centres, gives rise to the measured optical gain and stimulated emission and provides a new pathway to enhance light emission from silicon.
Coupled Dual Interleaved Flyback Converter for High Input Voltage Application

This paper proposes an integrated magnetic DC-DC converter suitable for high input voltage application. The converter is based on a coupled input-series and output-parallel dual interleaved Flyback converter concept. All the center and outer legs are gapped, and the transformers are integrated into one magnetic core with not so tight coupling. The gap is beneficial for suppressing current spike caused by the voltage mismatch between the windings. The two transformers are inversely coupled, and current ripple reduction can be achieved with suitable coupling design. A prototype with 350-450V input and 24V/4A output is built. Experimental results verify the performance of the new topology.
Immunoconjugates Against Solid Tumors: Mind the Gap

The objective of immunoconjugate development is to combine the specificity of immunoglobulins with the efficacy of cytotoxic molecules. This therapeutic approach has been validated in hematologic malignancies; however, several obstacles to achieving efficacy in treating solid tumors have been identified. These include insufficient specificity of targets and poor antibody delivery, most specifically to the tumor core. Heterogeneous antigen expression, imperfect vascular supply, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure have been suggested as the factors responsible for the poor delivery of antibodies. Promising immunoconjugates are in development: immunoconjugates targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen, trastuzumab-DM1, lorvotuzumab mertansine, and SS1P. Advances in cancer biology and antibody engineering may overcome some of the challenges. New small antibody formats, such as single-chain Fv, Fab, and diabodies, may improve penetration within tumor masses. Nevertheless, the cost of treatment might require justification in terms of demonstrable improvement in quality of life in addition to efficacy; further economic evaluation might be necessary before this approach can replace the current standards of care in clinical practice. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 89 4, 513–523. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.8
USING THE SELECTIVE FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT AND REGIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE THEORY TO GUIDE TREATMENT OF AN ATHLETE WITH BACK PAIN: A CASE REPORT.

Background Despite the multidirectional quality of human movement, common measurement procedures used in physical therapy examination are often uni-planar and lack the ability to assess functional complexities involved in daily activities. Currently, there is no widely accepted, validated standard to assess movement quality. The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is one possible system to objectively assess complex functional movements. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the application of the SFMA as a guide to the examination, evaluation, and management of a patient with non-specific low back pain (LBP).
Abstract 124: The Caregiver Experience of Caring for a Patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device Patient: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Background: The use of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is becoming increasingly common in patients with end-stage heart failure. Many LVAD programs require patients to have a caregiver before receiving a device. Objectives: The aim of this study was to formally synthesize the qualitative literature specifically focusing on caregivers’ perceptions. Methods: We searched Medline to find English-language articles on the topic of caregivers’ perceptions. A meta-synthesis, as an interpretive study of qualitative interpretive studies, was conducted to answer what caregivers perceive to be important in caring for an adult LVAD patient. Three levels of qualitative theme analysis and reciprocal translation were applied to the textual data. Results: Eight articles met criteria for inclusion. The meta-synthesis across the articles resulted in several themes categorized under three domains. We noted that many of the articles suggested a longitudinal process of caregiving where perceptions are largely dependent...
Mobile inquiry-as-play in mathematics teacher education

Purpose – This study aims to describe the feasibility of designing and fostering pre-service teacher inquiry at the intersection of community and disciplinary engagement. Mapping My Math (MMM), a game-based and mobile learning activity, guided pre-service teachers in playfully exploring mathematics featured in the everyday activities of people and places and creatively representing this inquiry with digital media. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws from design-based research that examined the role of place, digital media and mobility in mathematics teacher education. Design narrative methods describe how MMM was created, implemented and refined to support disciplinary inquiry across settings given the evolution of tools, activities and practices. The study and design narrative address the following question: How can game-based and mobile learning be designed to support pre-service teachers’ disciplinary inquiry of everyday mathematics? Findings – Findings shared in this study’s design narrative attend to the quality of pre-service teachers’ inquiry-as-play, or expressive mobility situated amonglearners’ social and material relations, disciplinary concepts and the built environment. Research limitations/implications – Implications from this study concern the role of mobile learning in mathematics teacher education to connect school, community and online settings; the potential of gameful design to impact pre-service teacher learning across settings; and the importance of fostering disciplinary inquiry whereby pre-service teachers can “navigate” their own learning. Originality/value – Game-based and mobile learning designs, like MMM, can create the conditions for cross-setting mobility as generative of inquiry-as-play in mathematics teacher education. MMM encouraged pre-service teachers to playfully leverage disciplinary practices that shaped new relationships with mathematics, their city and the mathematics of place and community.