cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RNAdetect: efficient computational detection of novel non-coding RNAs

Motivation Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are known to play crucial roles in various biological processes, and there is a pressing need for accurate computational detection methods that could be used to efficiently scan genomes to detect novel ncRNAs. However, unlike coding genes, ncRNAs often lack distinctive sequence features that could be used for recognizing them. Although many ncRNAs are known to have a well conserved secondary structure, which provides useful cues for computational prediction, it has been also shown that a structure-based approach alone may not be sufficient for detecting ncRNAs in a single sequence. Currently, the most effective ncRNA detection methods combine structure-based techniques with a comparative genome analysis approach to improve the prediction performance. Results In this paper, we propose RNAdetect, a computational method incorporating novel features for accurate detection of ncRNAs in combination with comparative genome analysis. Given a sequence alignment, RNAdetect can accurately detect the presence of functional ncRNAs by incorporating novel predictive features based on the concept of generalized ensemble defect (GED), which assesses the degree of structure conservation across multiple related sequences and the conformation of the individual folding structures to a common consensus structure. Furthermore, n-gram models (NGMs) are used to extract features that can effectively capture sequence homology to known ncRNA families. Utilization of NGMs can enhance the detection of ncRNAs that have sparse folding structures with many unpaired bases. Extensive performance evaluation based on the Rfam database and bacterial genomes demonstrate that RNAdetect can accurately and reliably detect novel ncRNAs, outperforming the current state-of-the-art methods. Availability and implementation The source code for RNAdetect and the benchmark data used in this paper can be downloaded at https://github.com/bjyoontamu/RNAdetect.
Is American Spanish Healthy

This essay reviews the following works: How Borges Wrote. By Daniel Balderston. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 375. $49.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813939643. Diccionario Panhispanico de Dudas. Real Academia de la Lengua Espanola. Madrid: Taurus, 2015. Pp. 888. $193.00. ISBN: 9788430617500. An American Language: The History of Spanish in the United States. By Rosina Lozano. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. viii + 364. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520297074. La maravillosa historia del espanol. By Francisco Moreno Fernandez. Barcelona: Espasa, 2015. Pp. 389. ISBN: 9788467044270. Educating across Borders: The Case of a Dual Language Program on the U.S.-Mexico Border. By Maria Teresa de la Piedra, Blanca Araujo, and Alberto Esquinca. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 216. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780816538478. Motherless Tongues: The Insurgency of Language amid Wars of Translation. By Vicente L. Rafael. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 255. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822360742.
2 – A first look at data

Publisher Summary This chapter leads through the steps that, in one's view, should be taken when first confronted with a new dataset. Time plots, scatter plots, and histograms, as well as simple calculations, are used to examine the data with the aim of both understanding their general character and spotting problems. One takes the position that all datasets have problems—errors, data gaps, inconvenient units of measurement, and so forth. Such problems should not scare a person away from data analysis. The chapter champions the use of the reality check—checking that observations of a particular parameter really have the properties that one knows it must possess. Several case study datasets are introduced, including a hydrograph from the Neuse River, air temperature from Black Rock Forest, and chemical composition from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.
SCFV-6HIS Bioengineered for High Fidelity Labeling.

In life sciences, the essential part of the functional molecular analysis is the unambiguous identification of biochemical composition of the observed structures. This analysis is expected to create a bridge between functional data pouring from biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories with the molecular architecture data available from ultrastructural images. This goal can be attained by application of various ultrastructural tags (See: Albrecht et al. 1992).A new promising approach for high fidelity labeling is offered by molecular cloning and expression of molecules containing metal binding sites making them suitable for electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) (Malecki 1995). A truly enormous potential of ESI relies in its ability for mapping of various elements within the same sample. Interactions of electrons with an atom result in the electrons specific energy loss. Based upon these energy losses distribution of the elements within the sample can be mapped.
Furthering Discussion of Ethical Implementation of HIV Cluster Detection and Response.

Molldrem and Smith’s (2020) “Reassessing the Ethics of Molecular HIV Surveillance in the Era of Cluster Detection and Response: Toward HIV Data Justice,” outlines important considerations toward mo...
An analysis of highly-cited scholarship in business and management education: Findings and future agendas

Abstract Numerous events have fostered the increased legitimacy of business and management education (BME) scholarship in recent years. These include the rise of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) expectations in various key BME journals, and new AACSB International – The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business standards regarding pedagogical research, assurance of learning, and teaching impact. An important next step in furthering BME scholarship is exploring the domain's prominent topics and identifying attendant future research opportunities and issues. Using the TxtViz® textual cluster analysis software, this paper investigates the content, sizes, and relative positions of the 15 key BME themes identified by Arbaugh et al. (2019) as well as derives Kuhnian-based (1962) implications for the field's future growth and development. In so doing, this study seeks to help scholars gain a finer-grained understanding of the state of the field and identify key domain-level research agenda issues as the BME domain continues to evolve.
Herriott cell spot imaging increases the performance of tunable laser spectrometers.

With the availability of high-power (milliwatts) single-mode tunable laser sources that operate at room temperature across the infrared (IR) region, tunable laser spectrometers have seen an explosion of growth in applications that include commercial, Earth and planetary science, and medical and industrial sensing. While the laser sources themselves have shown steady improvement, the detection architecture of using a single-element detector at one end of a multipass cell has remained unchanged over the last few decades. We present here an innovative new approach using a detector array coupled to an IR-transmissive mirror to image all or part of the multipass spot pattern of the far mirror and record spectra for each pixel. This novel approach offers improved sensitivity, increased dynamic range, laser power normalization, contaminant subtraction, resilience to misalignment, and reduces the instrument power requirement by avoiding the need for “fringe-wash” heaters. With many tens of pixels representing each spot during the laser spectral scan, intensity and optical fringe amplitude and phase information are recorded. This allows selection and manipulation (e.g., co-addition, subtraction) of the pixel output spectra to minimize optical interference fringes thereby increasing sensitivity. We demonstrate a factor of ∼20 sensitivity improvement over traditional single-element detection. Dynamic range increase of a factor of ∼100 is also demonstrated through spot selection representing different pathlengths. Additionally, subtracting the spectrum of the first spot from that of the higher pass normalizes the laser power and removes the contribution of contaminant gas and fringes in the fore-optics region. These initial results show that this imaging method is particularly advantageous for multi-channel laser spectrometers, and, once the image field is analyzed, pixel selection can be used to minimize data rate and volume collection requirements. This technique could be beneficial to enhanced-cavity detection schemes.
TASC: Teammate Algorithm for Shared Cooperation

For robots to be perceived as full-fledged team members, they must display intelligent behavior along multiple dimensions. One challenge is that even when the robot and human are on the same team, the interaction may not feel like teamwork to the human. We present a novel algorithm, Teammate Algorithm for Shared Cooperation (TASC). TASC is motivated by the concept of shared cooperative activity (SCA) for human-human teamwork, developed in prior work by Bratman. We focus on enabling the robot to prioritize certain SCA facets in its action selection depending on the task. We evaluated TASC in three experiments using different tasks with human users on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our results show that TASC enabled participants to predict the robot’s goal earlier by one robot move and with greater confidence. The robot also helped reduce participants’ energy usage in a simulated block-moving task. Altogether, these results show that considering the SCA facets in the robot’s action selection improves teamwork.
Autoimmune gastritis, with or without pernicious anemia: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical management

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic immune-mediated, inflammatory condition that involves the destruction of the gastric oxyntic mucosa through the autoimmune-mediated loss of parietal cells, with replacement by atrophic and metaplastic tissue. Diagnosing AIG is important, given the need for ongoing clinical management and vigilance with respect to downstream complications, the most serious of which is gastric adenocarcinoma. Other clinical consequences include gastric neuroendocrine tumors, consequences related to decreased gastric acid and decreased intrinsic factor due to parietal cell destruction and antibodies against intrinsic factor (e.g. micronutrient deficiencies), as well as concomitant autoimmune disorders. Considering the prevalence of AIG and the potential for severe clinical outcomes, it is important to engage in efforts to reduce practice pattern variability related to diagnosis and management. Accordingly, herein, we review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation of AIG, including both gastric and extragastric manifestations, and provide an overview of clinical management.
Introduction to the Volume

On March 26 and 27, 1993 a research conference was held at the Simon School of the University of Rochester on the topic of empirical research in quality management. The purpose of the conference was to stimulate leading scholars to begin research on quality management, and to provide a forum for discussion of the results. Attending the conference were approximately eighty scholars and quality managers at major U.S. firms. Eastman Kodak, Xerox, Allied Signal and Shell provided financial support for the research projects and conference logistics.
Neuroendocrine Aspects of Aging

Mainly genetic factors, but also environmental agents, are the ultimate regulators of the function of body organs, tissues, and cells throughout life. Their influence on body functions is believed to be expressed mainly via the homeostatic and integrative systems of the body, e.g., the neuroendocrine, immune, and intercellular-communicating systems. Of these, the neuroendocrine role is believed to be of greatest importance since it controls or influences practically every activity in the body, e.g., body development and growth; sexual development, puberty, reproduction; immune competency; basal metabolic rate, metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and enzymes; kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic functions; hematopoesis; the cardiovascular system; brain functions; etc. The immune system has an essential protective role in the body. Recent evidence indicates that it may also influence the operations of the neuroendocrine system (Fabris and Piantinelli, 1982). The neuroendocrine and immune system both exhibit a general decline in function during later life, but little is yet known about their interactions during this period. Least is known about the role of the intercellular-communicating system and secretion of cellular substances such as monokines, interferons, etc., during aging.
The Effect of Wake Passing on Turbine Blade Film Cooling

The effect of upstream blade row wake passing on the showerhead film cooling performance of a downstream turbine blade has been investigated through a combination of experimental and computational studies. The experiments were performed in a steady-flow annular turbine cascade facility equipped with an upstream rotating row of cylindrical rods to produce a periodic wake field similar to that found in an actual turbine. Spanwise, chordwise, and temporal resolution of the blade surface temperature were achieved through the use of an array of nickel thin-film surface gauges covering one unit cell of showerhead film hole pattern. Film effectiveness and Nusselt number values were determined for a test matrix of various injectants, injectant blowing ratios, and wake Strouhal numbers. Results indicated a demonstratable reduction in film effectiveness with increasing Strouhal number, as well as the expected increase in film effectiveness with blowing ratio. An equation was developed to correlate the span-average film effectiveness data. The primary effect of wake unsteadiness was found to be correlated well by a chordwise-constant decrement of 0.094-St. Measurable spanwise film effectiveness variations were found near the showerhead region, but meaningful unsteady variations and downstream spanwise variations were not found. Nusselt numbers were less sensitive to wake and injection changes. Computations were performed using a three-dimensional turbulent Navier-Stokes code which was modified to model wake passing and film cooling. Unsteady computations were found to agree well with steady computations provided the proper time-average blowing ratio and pressure/suction surface flow split are matched. The remaining differences were isolated to be due to the enhanced mixing in the unsteady solution caused by the wake sweeping normally on the pressure surface. Steady computations were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental Nusselt numbers, but to overpredict experimental film effectiveness values. This is likely due to the inability to match actual hole exit velocity profiles and the absence of a credible turbulence model for film cooling.
The Life Cycle of a Typical Piedmont Carolinas Cotton Mill Town

In this article the author traces the twentieth century evolution of cotton textile mill towns in the Piedmont Carolinas. A typical twentieth century mill town in this area was Dr. Cooper’s home town of Marion, North Carolina, and is the focus of the article. Unlike most mill town articles that focus on the mill village family, Dr. Cooper uses his experiences as a “town kid,” textile college professor, and operations vice president of three different textile firms to present a broad, integrated view of the textile mill towns of the Piedmont Carolinas and the political, social and economic forces that defined them during the twentieth century. In the article the author challenges the conventional wisdom, expressed by Sinclair Lewis and others, that the Carolinas’ cotton textile mills “exploited” their employees.
SHOT/COUNTER‐SHOT

The following paper is composed, not unlike a diptych, of two parts—‘Shot/Counter‐shot’. While the first part concentrates on what I take to be the dominant formal aspects of The Sopranos—seriality, citationality, and self‐reflexivity as well as the related question of ‘postmodern’ pastiche—the second part tackles what I take to be the dominant issue with respect to content: sexuality as well as its intimate double, aggressivity, and the ‘drive’ most closely associated with it, death. In general, the dual or dialectical composition of the piece is intended to reflect not only one of the fundamental telefilmic tropes—the so‐called ‘shot/reverse shot’—but the psychoanalytic scenario itself, which is structured, as in The Sopranos, around the shot/counter‐shot of the ‘talking cure’. As Tony Soprano, the quintessential ‘gangster’ analysand, says at one point to his psychoanalytically trained analyst, Dr Jennifer Melfi, laying bare his very real fears about engaging in the sort of emotionally inflammatory (and...
A Hybrid Feedback Regulator Approach to Control an Automotive Suspension System

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel hybrid control synthesis approach using an automotive suspension system. Discrete abstractions are used to approximate the continuous dynamics and emphasis is placed on the nondeterministic nature of the abstracting models. The regulator problem for hybrid systems is formulated for safety specifications and algorithms for control design are presented.
Laccase isozymes: production by an opportunistic pathogen, a Fusarium proliferatum isolate from wheat☆

Laccases often are present in plant tissues colonized by fungal pathogens. Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis revealed laccase isozymes in extracts of wheat leaf sheaths infected by Fusarium proliferatum(Fp). No laccase isozymes were detected in extracts of healthy wheat. The four anionic isozymes (LacA-A to A-D) in the infected wheat extracts corresponded to those produced by the Fp isolate when cultured on low carbon medium. Only two of these isozymes (LacA-C and A-D) were found in the culture filtrates. A single anionic laccase isozyme (LacA-B) was detected on nitrogen-limited medium. Other cationic isozymes produced in vitro were not detected from the diseased sheath tissue. Northern hybridization revealed expression of a transcript corresponding to a potential laccase-gene sequence LacRT-1 in planta and in vitro under conditions of low carbon and nitrogen supply.
High temperature thermal energy storage in moving sand

Several high-temperature (to 500 C) heat-storage systems using sand as the storage medium are described. The advantages of sand as a storage medium include low cost for sand, widespread availability, non-toxicity, non-degradation characteristics, easy containment, and safety. The systems considered include: stationary sand with closely spaced tubes throughout the volume, the use of a fluidized bed, use of conveyor belt transporter, and the use of a blower rapid transport system. For a stationary sand bed, very close spacing of heat transfer tubes throughout the volume is required, manifesting as high power related system cost. The suggestion of moving sand past or around pipes is intended to reduce the power related costs at the penalty of added system complexity. Preliminary system cost estimates are offered. These rough calculations indicate that mobile sand heat storage systems cost less than the stationary sand approach.
Cultural patterns of trauma among 19th-century-born males in cadaver collections.

Comprehending violence among bioarchaeological and historical groups is a topic of recent interest among biological anthropologists. This research examines trauma among African American and Euro-American males of low socioeconomic status born between 1825 and 1877. A total of 651 male skeletons from the Cobb, Terry, and Hamann-Todd anatomical collections were macroscopically evaluated for skeletal trauma, based on the presence of fractures and weapon-related wounds, and statistically analyzed according to ancestry, birth (Antebellum, Civil War, Reconstruction), combined ancestry–birth, and collection cohorts. Results indicated that African Americans and Euro-Americans expressed ethnic differences in regard to interpersonal violence. To interpret these disparities, documentary data were used to reconstruct the socioeconomic and cultural environment of these individuals. This research emphasizes the importance of evaluating skeletal data within the context of class, culture, and environment so that behavioral patterns observed in the skeleton can be better understood. Language: en
Does International Arbitration Need a Mandatory Rules Method

The role of mandatory rules in international arbitration remains a persistent source of debate. The basic problem is a straightforward one: contractual arbitration arises as a matter of the parties’ consent, but the resolution of contractual disputes can implicate mandatory rules of law that are not waivable and are typically designed to protect broader public rights. The literature has often presented the issue in terms of conflict between the authority of the state and the party-derived authority of the arbitrator. Asserting an independent public duty to protect national mandatory laws as well as the enforceability of arbitral awards, some writers have urged arbitrators to apply a so-called “mandatory rules method” to determine, irrespective of the parties’ agreement, which particular mandatory rules to apply in a particular dispute. This Article takes a skeptical view of the mandatory rules literature and argues that arbitration of mandatory rules is readily handled within the standard, contractual view of arbitration. Advocates of the mandatory rules method rely on a mistaken view of national arbitrability doctrines that, once corrected, deprives the argument of much of its force. The consequences of this insight are nevertheless limited because modern arbitration agreements generally give arbitrators far more authority to apply mandatory rules than many assume. Indeed, applying a special mandatory rules method will typically narrow rather than expand the range of mandatory rules available to the arbitrator. There may be reasons why that narrowing is prudent, but those are not reasons the existing literature has thus far discussed.
Cytopathies involving mitochondrial complex II.

Abstract Complex II (succinate–ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the smallest complex in the respiratory chain and contains four nuclear-encoded subunits SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD. It functions both as a respiratory chain component and an essential enzyme of the TCA cycle. Electrons derived from succinate can thus be directly transferred to the ubiquinone pool. Major insights into the workingks of complex II have been provided by crystal structures of closely related bacterial enzymes, which have also been genetically manipulated to answer questions of structure-function not approachable using the mammalian system. This information, together with that accrued over the years on bovine complex II and by recent advances in understanding in vivo synthesis of the non-heme iron co-factors of the enzyme, is allowing better recognition of improper functioning of human complex II in diseased states. The discussion in this review is thus limited to cytopathies arising because the enzyme itself is defective or depleted by lack of iron–sulfur clusters. There is a clear dichotomy of effects. Enzyme depletion and mutations in SDHA compromise TCA activity and energy production, whereas mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD induce paraganglioma. SDHC and SDHD are the first tumor suppressor genes of mitochondrial proteins.
LD College Students and Reading Problems

Do college students with reading problems have similar learning characteristics and are there specific instructional strategies that will help them?
Mapping Plant Functional Types at Multiple Spatial Resolutions Using Imaging Spectrometer Data

Imaging spectrometer data have been used to map plant functional types (PFTs—plant species grouped by similarities in their resource use, ecosystem function, and responses to environmental conditions) at spatial resolutions of 30 m and finer, but not at coarser spatial resolutions that may be necessary for global PFT mapping. This study uses spatially resampled Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA to examine changes in PFT classification accuracy as spatial resolution is degraded from 20 to 60 m. Accuracy was dependent on the spatial resolution of the classified data and the spatial resolution of endmembers used in the multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis classifier.
A Simple and Material Independent Method for the Determination of Anchoring Properties of Rubbed Polyimide Surfaces

A method to determine liquid crystal (LC) anchoring properties, that exploits the changes induced in a rubbed polyimide (PI) film upon exposure to linearly polarized ultra-violet light, has been devised. The width of the Gaussian PI chain distribution is determined from the measured rotation of the PI film's index ellipsoid, the long axis of which is also the LC easy axis, as a function of exposure time. A quasi-microscopic surface free energy is used to model the anchoring properties. This approach provides a simple LC material independent method for determining the LC anchoring properties.
Suppression of breast cancer growth and angiogenesis by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to p21Waf1/Cip1

Under some conditions, p21(Waf1/Cip1) plays an assembly factor role for the cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, and recent reports demonstrate that p21 can act as an anti-apoptotic protein. Thus, it is logical to exploit this function of p21 as an anti-cancer target. We have performed a pilot study showing that daily subcutaneous injection of a phosphorothioate antisense p21 oligodeoxynucleotide, which we have previously shown to attenuate p21 levels in vitro, into nude mice who have been implanted with highly metastatic breast cancer cells results in inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Inhibition of in vitro endothelial capillary formation confirms that these oligodeoxynucleotides have a direct effect upon tumor angiogenesis. The attractiveness of our novel approach to breast cancer therapy, which capitalizes on the anti-apoptotic function of p21, derives from the ease of transfection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as well as the observations that p21(-/-) mice do not develop spontaneous tumors, making techniques exploiting the assembly factor and anti-apoptotic role of p21 worthy of further study against breast cancer.
Analysis of intermediate energy nucleon-deuteron elastic scattering

Abstract We present a theoretical analysis of a broad range of aspects of intermediate energy nucleon-deuteron scattering. This analysis is based on a multiple scattering approach using knowledge of the deuteron's structure and nucleon-nucleon interactions. Conversely, comparison of this theory with experiment can yield information about low and intermediate energy strong interactions. The relationship of this multiple scattering type of approach to the complementary Faddeev equation approach is discussed. Our program consists of calculating the single scattering and one nucleon exchange contributions in a realistic way then parametrizing the remaining contributions as an S -wave. We argue that the largest error in this analysis is the P -wave part of the double scattering and we give estimates of its size. The single scattering integral is evaluated numerically. Coulomb effects are neglected. We derive the relativistic expressions for single scattering and nucleon exchange and discuss the approximations made, including the off-mass-shell extrapolation of the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude. Fits are made to experimental measurements of differential cross sections, nucleon polarizations, and total elastic cross sections. Unitarity is maintained. We tabulate the partial waves for J ⩽ 5 2 , L ⩽ 2. They are consistent with recent Faddeev calculations. We argue that with the additional calculation of double scattering the deuteron D -state percentage can be determined to the same relative uncertainty as the differential cross section. Even without the calculation of double scattering, our results indicate a D -state percentage around 8%. In an effort to provide benchmarks for future work, we have tried to be conscientious in describing our techniques and in tabulating numerical results. Comparisons are also made with earlier analyses.
An approach to Petri net based formal modeling of user interactions from X3D content

X3D standard provides a well defined and well controlled runtime model for user interaction and scripting. Information captured from X3D content, combined with the characteristics of X3D viewers, can be used to formally describe and model user interface and user interactions. Virtual Environments (VEs) and entities they contain are accessed using interaction techniques supported by available input and output devices. The interaction process can be modeled using Petri nets. In this paper, we give a formal definition of interaction Petri net model (IPN). The basic structure of IPN can be automatically generated from information extracted from X3D content. The generated Petri net model is analyzed to provide information about the 3D interface presented to a user while viewing X3D content. The formal description provides a sound mathematics for the analysis of user interface characteristics.
A reexamination of late-Pleistocene boreal forest reconstructions for the Southern High Plains

Previous paleoecological research on the Southern High Plains resulted in development of a late Quaternary chronology of “pollen-analytical episodes” and the proposal that boreal forest existed in the region in the late Pleistocene. These interpretations are now considered untenable because (1) a number of the radiocarbon ages are questionable, (2) there are serious problems of differential pollen preservation and reproducibility of the pollen data, (3) there is an absence of supporting geological or paleontological data, and (4) the soils of the area contain none of the distinctive pedological characteristics produced by a boreal forest. Available data suggest that the region was primarily an open grassland or grassland with some nonconiferous trees through most of the Quaternary.
The Effect of Conditions of Storage on the Viscosity of Sweetened Condensed Milk

Summary The viscosities of sweetened condensed milks held in the same storage room increased a little more rapidly in the milks packed in small cans than they did in the milks packed in barrels. The viscosity of sweetened condensed milk increased logarithmically with increases in storage temperature and arithmetically with increases in storage time. For conditions of constant viscosity, time varied logarithmically with temperature. Viscosity values may be predicted by applying this relationship to time-temperature data from high temperature, accelerated storage tests. The viscosity of sweetened condensed milk increased at about the same rate during the cooling and crystallization periods as it did during storage under identical conditions of time and temperature.
Linear time detection of inherent parallelism in sequential programs

Abstract The topological sort can be used for the rapid detection of parallelism in sequential programs. Using this algorithm, one can detect both intrablock and interblock parallelism. The algorithm requires only information normally collected by an optimizing compiler.
Silicon phthalocyanine/methyl methacrylate copolymer slab directional couplers for all‐optical switching

Slab waveguide directional couplers were fabricated from the third-order nonlinear optical polymer silicon phthalocyanine/methyl methacrylate 2/98 copolymer as the active material and poly(methyl methacrylate) as the cladding layer. The monomethacrylate copolymer was synthesized, device fabrication conditions determined, and five-layer slab directional couplers fabricated. Completed couplers demonstrated waveguide loss on the order of 5 dB/cm and coupling lengths of 0.5 mm at 1.29 μm. These vertically coupled devices may be useful for all-optical switching. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Temperature and strain-rate dependence of surface dislocation nucleation.

Dislocation nucleation is essential to the plastic deformation of small-volume crystalline solids. The free surface may act as an effective source of dislocations to initiate and sustain plastic flow, in conjunction with bulk sources. Here, we develop an atomistic modeling framework to address the probabilistic nature of surface dislocation nucleation. We show the activation volume associated with surface dislocation nucleation is characteristically in the range of $1--10{b}^{3}$, where $b$ is the Burgers vector. Such small activation volume leads to sensitive temperature and strain-rate dependence of the nucleation stress, providing an upper bound to the size-strength relation in nanopillar compression experiments.
Least-square prediction for backward adaptive video coding

Almost all existing approaches towards video coding exploit the temporal redundancy by block-matching-based motion estimation and compensation. Regardless of its popularity, block matching still reflects an ad hoc understanding of the relationship between motion and intensity uncertainty models. In this paper, we present a novel backward adaptive approach, named "least-square prediction" (LSP), and demonstrate its potential in video coding. Motivated by the duality between edge contour in images and motion trajectory in video, we propose to derive the best prediction of the current frame from its causal past using least-square method. It is demonstrated that LSP is particularly effective for modeling video material with slow motion and can be extended to handle fast motion by temporal warping and forward adaptation. For typical QCIF test sequences, LSP often achieves smaller MSE than 4 × 4, full-search, quarter-pel block matching algorithm (BMA) without the need of transmitting any overhead.
The support of right invariant measures on semigroups

For B c S , B x -1 =t~l(B) { s e S ; s x e B } and in particular for x, y e S , x y l =_ {s ~ S ; s y -~ x}. tx denotes the (continuous) right translation s --> sx . # is called r*-invariant if tt ( B x -1) ~ tt (B) for every B ~ ~ and every x e S . /z is called right invariant ff tt(B) ---t t ( B x ) for every x e S and every g e ~ . The importance of r*-invariant measures lies in the fact that ff S admits such a measure/z, then there is a "regular representation" ~ of S as a subsemigroup G of linear operators on L2 (S,/~), the space of all square-integrable functions on S. The homomorphism ~ of S into G is defined by
Technical modifications for endovascular infrarenal AAA repair for the angulated and dumbbell-shaped neck: the precuff Kilt technique.

Background High risk surgical patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and difficult infrarenal necks continue to be challenged when performing endovascular repair. Although fenestrated and branched endografts may ultimately be the main method of repair for these patients, their current limited availability has prompted the use of alternative endovascular techniques to enhance success of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in patients with “dumbbell” shaped and angulated necks. Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair with a predeployed aortic cuff (Kilt) at University of California, Los Angeles between January 2009 and April 2010 was performed. Results Four patients underwent initial Kilt placement before endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The mean age of these patients was 78.0 + 7.0 years. All were American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 patients with multiple medical comorbidities. All of them had angulated and dumbbell-shaped necks. Median follow-up period was 11 months (8-18 months). All patients had postoperative computed tomography at 1 and 6 months because of their high-risk neck anatomy. One patient was found to have a large type I endoleak on computed tomography 1 month postoperatively. He required placement of an additional aortic cuff and Palmaz stent, after which the endoleak was found to have resolved. There were no open conversions, aneurysm sac enlargement, or perioperative deaths. Conclusion Short-term follow-up suggests that the Kilt technique may be useful in certain high-risk patients with traditionally unfavorable anatomy for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. It can be performed with minimal patient morbidity, even in high-risk patients. Anatomic features most amenable to this technique include dumbbell-shaped and angulated infrarenal necks.
trans-trans Conjugated linoleic acid enriched soybean oil reduces fatty liver and lowers serum cholesterol in obese zucker rats.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collection of octadecadienoic fatty acids that have been shown to possess numerous health benefits. The CLA used in our study was produced by the photoisomerization of soybean oil and consists of about 20% CLA; this CLA consists of 75% trans–trans (a mixture of t8,t10; t9,t11; t10,t12) isomers. This method could be readily used to increase the CLA content of all soybean oil used as a food ingredient. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of trans–trans CLA-rich soy oil, fed as a dietary supplement, on body composition, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and markers of glucose control and liver function of obese fa/fa Zucker rats. The trans–trans CLA-rich soy oil lowered the serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels by 41 and 50%, respectively, when compared to obese controls. Trans–trans CLA-rich soy oil supplementation also lowered the liver lipid content significantly (P < 0.05) with a concomitant decrease in the liver weight in the obese rats. In addition, glycated hemoglobin values were improved in the group receiving CLA-enriched soybean oil in comparison to the obese control. PPAR-γ expression in white adipose tissue was unchanged. In conclusion, trans–trans CLA-rich soy oil was effective in lowering total liver lipids and serum cholesterol.
A review of the 'Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology' (SAGE) software package

The 'Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology' (S.A.G.E.) software package is an integrated, comprehensive package of computer programs designed to perform many of the different analyses required in the study of genetic epidemiology. It offers a graphical user interface for most platforms and, unlike many programs available in the public domain, is flexible in both receiving many types of input files and in allowing the user to choose among output files. All of the programs accept the same data files and together provide the means to perform familial correlation, segregation, linkage and association analyses, as well as many of the ancillary analyses that help achieve these goals. Many, but not all, of the same or similar analyses can be performed (with more difficulty) using publicly available freeware. The primary limitations of S.A.G.E. at present are the lack of software for estimating haplotypes or for identifying probable double recombinants in linkage analysis. S.A.G.E. is continually being extended and upgraded, however, with automatic downloading of the latest version always available to users.
Zinc modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated chloride flux in rat hippocampal slices.

Abstract We studied the effect of ZnCl2 application on GABAA receptor-mediated 36Cl− flux in microsacs prepared from whole rat hippocampus and in region-specific hippocampal slices. Slices were obtained from the dentate gyrus (DG), which contains the zinc-enriched hilar region, and from the CA1 region which contains lower levels of endogenous zinc. Muscimol (10 μM)-evoked 36Cl− flux was significantly reduced by ZnCl2 (100 μM) in hippocampal microsacs. In hippocampal slices, muscimol (50 μM)-evoked 36Cl− efflux was higher in CA1 (112.5 ± 27.9% above basal efflux rate) than in DG slices (29.7 ± 5.6%). In the presence of ZnCl2, the muscimol effect on efflux rate in CA1 and DG regions was decreased to 10.6 ± 5.4% and 6.9 ± 4.9%, respectively. Preincubation with the zinc chelator, tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN, 20 μM), caused a significant increase in muscimol-evoked 36Cl− efflux only in DG slices (57.2 ± 7.0%), suggesting that GABAA receptors in the DG of rat hippocampus under physiological conditions may function under the inhibitory influence of endogenous chelatable zinc. In intracellular recordings, ZnCl2 (100 μM) application had no effect on the responses to GABA applied perisomatically or in the dendritic region of CA1 neurons. The lack of Zn2+ effect on the postsynaptic GABAA receptor-mediated responses suggests that the decreases of the 36Cl− efflux observed in the biochemical assays may be due to zinc action on neurons other than the principal pyramidal CA1 cells, and possibly the non-neuronal cell populations.
Immunological and biochemical analysis of test matrix proteins in living and fossil foraminifers

The characterization of macromolecules from shell matrix proteins in living organisms is the fundamental first step in establishing molecular phylogenies. This is particularly important if ancient macromolecules will be used for the phylogenies. Approximately 500 individuals of Orbulina universa were picked from plankton tows taken in the Gulf of Mexico during spring 1990. Proteins were extracted from the tests of the individuals, and the molecular weights of the proteins were determined and compared to 2,000–4,000-year old samples. Gel electrophoresis of the soluble matrix (SM) from living O. universa showed at least ten protein bands, while electrophoresis of core-top O. universa showed two protein bands. Dot-immunobinding assays of proteins from living and fossil samples of O. universa, incubated against monoclonal antibodies raised against core-top O. universa SM, demonstrated a reactivity with the two proteins in common. Less reactivity was obtained with living samples of the benthic foraminifers Androsina lucasi and Archaias angulatus and core-top samples of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. A partial protein sequence from one shell matrix protein approximately 65kD in size, from core-top Orbulina universa, showed a domain of polyaspartic acid at the NH2 terminus. This is consistent with data obtained for other matrix proteins found in invertebrates and vertebrates. Sequence data provide insight into the role that the protein may play in the biomineralization of the test and will aid in modelling degradation. □Foraminifera, test proteins, monoclonal antibodies, Orbulina, Androsina, Archaias, Neogloboquadrina, biomineralization, Dot-immunobinding assay, protein sequence.
CASPER: A personal computer package for exploring psychometrics

CASPER is a psychometrics software package suitable for instructional and research applications with IBM-PC-compatible computers. CASPER lets the user simulate or directly enter psychometric data. Numerous statistical analyses, file handling procedures, and graphics are included Analyses include factor analysis, multiple regression, correlation/partial correlation, moments analysis, reliability analysis, and item analysis.
Treatments for Adolescents With Comorbid ADHD and Substance Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

Objective: Comorbid ADHD and substance use disorder (SUD) presents frequently in adolescence, a developmental period that may promote the emergence of substance misuse among individuals with ADHD. Comorbid ADHD and SUD in adolescence results in significant and unique treatment challenges, necessitating examination into effective interventions. Method: This systematic review examined existing research into the treatment of comorbid adolescent ADHD and SUD. Results: Findings from a small number of pharmacological intervention studies suggest potential efficacy of extended-release stimulant and nonstimulant medications. Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions has not been systematically examined. Conclusion: Current research on treatments for comorbid ADHD and SUD in adolescence is limited. Future placebo-controlled clinical trials using large samples are needed to examine the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions, the heightened risk of prescription stimulant misuse, and the long-term maintenance of treatment gains in this population. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of comorbid ADHD and SUD are discussed.
Use of Educational Materials to Modify Stressful Behaviors in Post-Divorce Parenting

A 32-page educational booklet was mailed to half of all parents filing for divorce in one urban domestic relations court over a If-week period. A total of 358 primarily lower-middle class intervention and wait-list control parents were interviewed by telephone approximately three months post-filing. Mothers in the treatment group reported greater reduction of loyalty conflict behaviors and increased encouragement of child-fathcr involvement. No differences were obscrved between intervention and control for either mothers' willingness to share responsibility or in rate of conveyance to children of interparental conflict and personal distress. No differenccs were observed for father behaviors. Children exhibiting greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors on the Child Bchavior Checklist (Parents) had mothers who reported experiencing greater interpersonal conflict and personal distress, and more often spoke of their difficulties to their children. A one-year follow-up revealed that intervention paren...
Global parametrization of feedback systems with nonlinear plants

For unity-feedback systems with a plant P and controller C. we show that, given a nonlinear stable P, the class of all controller stabilizing the feedback system is globally parametrized by a stable map Q. We also show how Q is useful in studying the effects of modeling errors on the stability.
Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture on radiation protection and measurements: what makes particle radiation so effective?

The scientific basis for the physical and biological effectiveness of particle radiations has emerged from many decades of meticulous basic research. A diverse array of biologically relevant consequences at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level have been reported, but what are the key processes and mechanisms that make particle radiation so effective, and what competing processes define dose dependences? Recent studies have shown that individual genotypes control radiation-regulated genes and pathways in response to radiations of varying ionization density. The fact that densely ionizing radiations can affect different gene families than sparsely ionizing radiations, and that the effects are dose- and time-dependent has opened up new areas of future research. The complex microenvironment of the stroma, and the significant contributions of the immune response have added to our understanding of tissue-specific differences across the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum. The importance of targeted vs. nontargeted effects remain a thorny, but elusive and important contributor to chronic low dose radiation effects of variable LET that still needs further research. The induction of cancer is also LET-dependent, suggesting different mechanisms of action across the gradient of ionization density. The focus of this 35th Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture is to chronicle the step-by-step acquisition of experimental clues that have refined our understanding of what makes particle radiation so effective, with emphasis on the example of radiation effects on the crystalline lens of the human eye.