cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing Direct and Indirect Ties of Self-Compassion with Subjective Well-Being

Two studies considered the direct associations between self-compassion and areas of subjective well-being (SWB; experiences of affect, subjective happiness, life satisfaction), among incoming college students (N = 161) and college students across academic levels (N = 143). In each sample, self-compassion was correlated with each report of SWB, after controlling for demographics. Hierarchical regressions tested for direct ties of self-compassion with aspects of SWB beyond demographics, dispositional gratitude, and other areas of SWB. Results suggested that self-compassion was directly and uniquely tied to only subjective happiness across both samples. Lastly, we revisited each sample and explored multiple indirect effects between self-compassion and reports of SWB. We tested effects from self-compassion onto well-being via subjective happiness; a reversed model arrangement of effects from well-being onto self-compassion; and an alternative model that considered positive affect as an intervening variable rather than subjective happiness. Results suggested that the second arrangement of effects from SWB onto self-compassion via subjective happiness was best supported. Significant indirect effects of SWB to self-compassion through positive affect (Sample 2 only), negative affect, and life satisfaction were also supported. Findings reinforced ties between self-compassion and SWB, and suggest a particularly strong association between self-compassion and subjective happiness. This may be due to both constructs involving constructive forms of evaluating challenging experiences and the management of relatedness goals for maintaining reliable, positive ties with others.
A Microarray Study of Articular Cartilage in Relation to Obesity and Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis.

ObjectiveTo query the transcript-level changes in the medial and lateral tibial plateau cartilage in tandem with obesity in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA).DesignCartilage was obtained ...
Impact of deep level defects induced by high energy neutron radiation in β-Ga2O3

The effects of high energy neutron irradiation on the deep level defect concentration profile throughout the bandgap of β-Ga2O3 were investigated by a combination of deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). For the unintentionally doped edge-defined film-fed growth-grown (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates investigated here, it was found that the dominant effects of neutron irradiation were to produce defects detected by DLOS having energy levels of EC −1.29 eV and EC −2.00 eV, with no discernable impact on traps within ∼1 eV of the conduction band edge. Commensurate with the introduction of these states was a significant amount of net doping reduction, for which lighted capacitance-voltage studies revealed that both of these irradiation-induced deep states are responsible, likely through a compensation mechanism. The sensitivity of the EC −1.29 eV and EC −2.00 eV states on irradiation suggests an intrinsic source, and whereas the EC −2.00 eV state was already present in the as-grown material, the EC −1.29 eV state was not detected prior to irradiation. DLOS and DLTS revealed other defect states at EC −0.63 eV, EC −0.81 eV, and EC −4.48 eV, but none of these responded to neutron irradiation for two different 1 MeV equivalent fluences 8.5 × 1014 cm−2 and 1.7 × 1015 cm−2, which is consistent with the behavior expected for defect states having an extrinsic source.
Oral rehabilitation for patients with marginal and segmental mandibulectomy: A retrospective review of 111 mandibular resection prostheses

Abstract Statement of problem Treatment and timing considerations for patients seeking oral rehabilitation after marginal or segmental mandibulectomy (with osseous reconstruction) are not well understood. Purpose The purpose of this retrospective review study was to report the type and timing of oral rehabilitation for mandibular defects without discontinuity and to describe additional treatment considerations for rehabilitation. Material and methods The records were reviewed of all patients who received a mandibular resection prosthesis after marginal mandibulectomy, marginal mandibulectomy with fasciocutaneous free-flap reconstruction, and segmental mandibulectomy with fibula free-flap reconstruction between 2000 and 2017 in the tertiary cancer care institution. Patients not treated by the Dental Service in the institution were excluded. The specific type of rehabilitation was noted, as was the time interval between primary surgery and prosthesis delivery. Results During the study period, 111 consecutive patients were treated by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Dental Service for mandibular rehabilitation. Forty-three patients underwent marginal mandibulectomy, 9 patients underwent marginal mandibulectomy with fasciocutaneous free-flap reconstruction, and 59 patients underwent segmental mandibulectomy with fibula free-flap reconstruction. Most patients in all 3 groups received mandibular resection prostheses without the use of endosseous implants. Only 4 (8%) patients who had undergone marginal mandibulectomy underwent endosseous implant placement, all of which followed marginal mandibulectomy in anterior mandibular segments without free-flap reconstruction. Patients who underwent marginal mandibulectomy with fasciocutaneous free-flap reconstruction were only restored with removable mandibular resection prostheses, and none had endosseous implants. In patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy, 13 (22%) were rehabilitated with endosseous implants. The majority in this cohort (>50%) received radiation therapy as part of their treatment. The median time to oral rehabilitation was 8 months after marginal mandibulectomy, 14 months after marginal mandibulectomy with fasciocutaneous free-flap reconstruction, and 12 months after segmental mandibulectomy with fibula free-flap reconstruction. Conclusions Timing for oral rehabilitation may differ depending on the treatment modality followed for mandibular tumors in the patient with oral cancer. However, most patients in this cohort underwent rehabilitation with removable mandibular resection prostheses regardless of the timing of care. Endosseous implants were used infrequently, but research is needed to better understand their potential role and indication in the patient with oral cancer.
Linear Mixed-Model Analysis to Examine Longitudinal Trajectories in Vocabulary Depth and Breadth in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing.

Purpose Children who are hard of hearing (CHH) tend to have reduced vocabularies compared to children with normal hearing (CNH). Prior research on vocabulary skills in children with hearing loss ha...
Disfluencies and phonological revisions in a nonword repetition task in school-age children who stutter.

Abstract Phonological encoding and associated functions, including monitoring of covert and overt speech, have been attributed relevant roles in stuttering. The aim of this study was to investigate these processes by testing the effects of nonword length in syllables (3-, 4-, 6-syllable), phonotactics, and phonemic/phonetic complexity on disfluencies and phonological revisions in 26 school-age children who stutter (CWS, n = 13) and matched fluent controls (CWNS). Participants repeated nonwords in two sessions separated by an hour. Within-group comparisons of percentage disfluencies using nonparametric tests resulted in significantly more disfluencies for the 6- compared to the 3-syllable nonwords and suggested that nonword length influences disfluencies in the CWS. The groups were comparable in the percentage of disfluencies at all levels of nonword length. The findings failed to provide conclusive evidence that phonological complexity and phonotactic manipulations have a greater effect on disfluencies in CWS compared to CWNS. The findings of significantly fewer phonological revisions and the lack of a significant correlation between disfluencies and revisions in the CWS in Session 1 compared to the CWNS are interpreted to suggest reduced external auditory monitoring. Demands on incremental phonological encoding with increasing task complexity (the Covert Repair Hypothesis, Postma & Kolk, 1993) and reduced external auditory monitoring of stuttered speech can account for the disfluencies, speech errors, and revisions in the speech of school-age CWS.
The Mysteries of Cairo

This chapter focuses on Niqula Rizqalla’s 1908–9 adaptation, The Lovely Beggar Girl, against the background of the nineteenth century’s wildly popular “mysteries” or “urban gothic” genre (mysteres). The first part of the chapter delves into the bibliographic mystery posed by Rizqalla’s unattributed adaptation and then goes on to work out a genealogy of the genre as itself a history of circulating adaptations. Selim offers the outlines of a semiotics of adaptation that permits a reading of Rizqalla’s text as a sly critique of both imperialism and the liberal nahdawi social and economic theories that it engenders and shows how adaptation enables this critique through the transparency of the “foreign” fiction.
Single-Laser Krypton Tagging Velocimetry Investigation of Supersonic Air and N 2 Boundary-Layer Flows over a Hollow Cylinder in a Shock Tube

The titular technique, KTV, is an important development in the field of laser diagnostics for supersonic and hypersonic flows, as it gives access to unexplored regimes. KTV is not plagued by the fundamental limitations of traditional tracer-particle techniques. The authors investigate the boundary-layer profiles that form over a sharp, hollow cylinder in supersonic flows of air and N${}_{2}$ via a single-laser scheme. With the use of high-repetition-rate lasers, this simple, cost-effective evaluation tool for large facilities will allow for time-resolved measurements of turbulent flows, for $e.g.$ the development of high-speed vehicles such as bullet trains.
Practice variation of genetic counselor engagement in the cystic fibrosis newborn screen‐positive diagnostic resolution process

Families of infants with a positive newborn screen for cystic fibrosis (CFNBS+) have well-characterized genetic counseling needs, including understanding the implications of diagnostic categorization. However, degree of involvement of genetic counselors (GCs) in the CFNBS+ diagnostic resolution process varies. This project explored GC engagement with US CF care centers in the diagnostic resolution process for CFNBS+ infants. Surveys were emailed to 713 Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-accredited CF center directors and clinic coordinators and 4,517 GCs. Respondents from institutions providing CFNBS+ diagnostic resolution were categorized by level of engagement between the CF center and GC: GC is part of or embedded in CF center (GC-engaged); GC is independent of CF center but receives CFNBS+ referrals (GC-referral); GC is uninvolved (non-engaged)] in CF center or CFNBS+ diagnostic resolution process. Responses from 125 CF center directors and clinic coordinators (17.5%) and 174 GCs (3.8%) were received. Analysis targeted responses from 84 center directors and clinic coordinators and 52 GCs, estimated to represent 24%-48% and 29% of 175 pediatric CF care centers, respectively. Nearly 40% of CF center directors or clinic coordinators never refer CFNBS+ infants to GCs. Respondents from GC-engaged CF centers reported that GCs provide unique and valuable services, understand CF at a high level, improve efficiency of the CFNBS+ diagnostic resolution process, and should be part of the CF care team; respondents from non-engaged CF centers reported negative views of GCs' value and knowledge (all p < .05). GCs engaged with CF centers were more likely to report that their services were valued by and accessible to CF centers (both p < .05). At all levels of engagement with CF centers, GCs were comfortable discussing CF genotype-phenotype correlation, variants of unknown significance, quality of life, and therapies. These results highlight a need to address practice variation in CFNBS+ genetic counseling and improve access to GCs' services.
Zwitterionic micelles efficiently deliver oral insulin without opening tight junctions.

Oral delivery of protein drugs is considered a life-changing solution for patients who require regular needle injections. However, clinical translation of oral protein formulations has been hampered by inefficient penetration of drugs through the intestinal mucus and epithelial cell layer, leading to low absorption and bioavailability, and safety concerns owing to tight junction openings. Here we report a zwitterionic micelle platform featuring a virus-mimetic zwitterionic surface, a betaine side chain and an ultralow critical micelle concentration, enabling drug penetration through the mucus and efficient transporter-mediated epithelial absorption without the need for tight junction opening. This micelle platform was used to fabricate a prototype oral insulin formulation by encapsulating a freeze-dried powder of zwitterionic micelle insulin into an enteric-coated capsule. The biocompatible oral insulin formulation shows a high oral bioavailability of >40%, offers the possibility to fine tune insulin acting profiles and provides long-term safety, enabling the oral delivery of protein drugs. A zwitterionic micelle platform enables the oral delivery and high bioavailability of insulin by transporting the protein across mucus and epithelial barriers in the gut without opening tight junctions.
The clinical efficacy of anti-tuberculosis combined、with high-dose methylprednisolone in treatment of advanced tuberculous meningitis

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and security of anti-tuberculosis combined with highdose methylprednisolone in treatment of advanced tuberculous meningitis.Methods 77 patients with advanced tuberculous meningitis in our department were randomly divided into the observation group(39 cases)and the control group (38 cases).All of the patients were given initiate antiphthisie treatment,the control group were added dexamethasone,20mg/d,iv drip,then was maintained after improved;the observation group were added high-dose methyprednisolone(500mg/d)by intravenous injection for five days,then was given methyprednisolone 80mg/d to maintain.Two groups were treated with hormone no more than three months.Then the clinical efficacy and adveme reaction were compared.Results The observation group:32 cases of healing,6 cases of effective,1 case of inefficient,the total effective rate was 97.4%and the control group were 22,8,8,78.9%;the difference of total effective rates in the two groups was statistically significant(x2=7.57,P＜0.05).The time of consciousness restoration and defevesence,the white blood cell count,protein chloride and glucose content of cerebrospinal fluid of the observation group were(2.7±1.3)d,(13±5)d,(112.37±27.57)×106/L,(3.04±0.82)g/L,(32.7±6.4)mmol/L and(1.67±0.65)mmol/L;and the control group were(5.2±2.4)d,(19±6)d,(93.74±20.18)×106/L,(1.92±0.64)g/L,(25.4 ±5.2)mmol/L and(1.04±0.34)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t=5.70,4.77,3.88,6.67,5.48,5.31,P＜0.01);The difference of adverse reaction rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of anti-tuberculosis combined with high-dose methylprednisolone in treatment of advanced tuberculous meningitis was better and had advantages in improving symptoms and signs without enhancing the rate of adverse reaction and it was worth to promote in clinical. Key words: Meningoencephalitis; Glucocorticoids; Shock treatment
Pathways and Barriers to Careers in Academic Clinical Cancer Prevention: a Qualitative Study

National surveys document steady declines over time in interest in academic medicine and cancer prevention careers (Am J Prev Med 54(3):444-8, 2018). Through interviews with 16 academic cancer prevention physicians at one comprehensive cancer center, this study identifies motivations and barriers to physician careers in academic cancer prevention and proposes recommendations to increase recruitment. Participants reported that cancer prevention was vague to them early in training, impairing career exploration. Further, without role models and opportunities to learn about cancer prevention, many were ignorant of career options. Many had incorrect views about cancer prevention practice being mainly within the scope of primary care physicians, and some reported colleagues viewing the rigor of cancer prevention skeptically. However, all described notable experiences-in classes, with mentors, on research projects, or from encounters with patients, motivating them to pursue academic clinical cancer prevention regardless of challenges. Clearly, a lack of both information and guidance towards careers in clinical cancer prevention has been critical barriers to robust recruitment of physicians to the field and must be addressed urgently. Helping physicians earlier during training to both understand the value of prevention and cultivate their interests in it, particularly for clinical cancer prevention, would have widespread benefits.
Island species experience higher niche expansion and lower niche conservatism during invasion.

Using a global dataset of contemporary biological invasions, the recent paper by Liu et al. (1) presents a comprehensive test of the niche conservatism hypothesis. Specifically, Liu et al. demonstrate compelling support for climatic niche conservatism in most invasive species, even when accounting for differences in ecology and physiology (1). However, there exists an additional, yet overlooked, dimension in those species which experienced niche conservatism versus niche expansion during invasion of areas outside of their native range: the biogeography of the native distribution. I classified all terrestrial species in the Liu et al. (1) dataset as originating from either an island or a (continental) mainland. Island species comprised 4% of all species in the dataset and had significantly higher niche expansion than mainland species. In other words, a lower … [↵][1]1Email: jamesTstroud{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Mainstreaming Gender Equity for Agriculture Ventures: A Case Study

Women make up at least half of the agricultural sector worldwide, yet they face gender constraints that reduce their productivity and restrict their contributions to agricultural production. For example, restrictions on women’s control of land, limits on their access to credit, and education gaps between women and men all further the gender gap manifest across the agriculture sector. This paper examines the successes and failures of the GRO Greenhouses venture in promoting gender equity within the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. 20 women engaged in greenhouse farming through cooperatives and educational institutions across Sierra Leone were interviewed to more accurately gauge the specific challenges facing women. In particular, this paper explores the experience of women in agriculture who have adopted agricultural technology, and it aims to document their successes and challenges. The success of GRO’s gender mainstreaming strategies and lessons learned can translate into larger recommendations that can be integrated into new agriculture ventures across the developing world.
Single Institutional Experience on Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor: Diagnostic and Management Challenge.

Aims Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor is considered a non-neoplastic inflammatory process. The finding of clonality of B or T-cell receptors in cases pathologically diagnosed as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor has unknown clinicopathologic significance. We sought to investigate potential B and T-cell clonality and concomitant diseases in cases pathologically diagnosed as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. Methods Cases diagnosed as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosinstained slides, immunohistochemically stained slides and polymerase chain reactions on cell block material for the investigation of clonality of B and T-cell receptors were evaluated, to confirm the diagnosis and investigate the prevalence of concomitant diseases. Results A total of 13 cases showing characteristic histopathologic features of orbital inflammatory pseudotumor were identified. CD138, IgG, and IgG4 showed varying numbers of plasma cells in each case, with 5 cases (5/13, 38%) exhibiting relative increase in the presence of IgG4 plasma cells. However, no cases showed diagnostic findings of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). polymerase chain reactions analysis showed clonal B-cell populations in 2 cases (2/13, 15%). No cases showed anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression by immunohistochemistry. There were no clinical reports of progression to lymphoma or development of systemic IgG4-RD in any of the patients (average follow-up of 300 days), with 38% of patients showing systemic autoimmune conditions. Conclusion A small but significant percentage of typical orbital inflammatory pseudotumor on histology showed B-cell clonality on polymerase chain reactions analysis of B-cell receptors, or features suggestive, but not diagnostic of IgG4-RD. Close follow-up of these patients to identify development of lymphoma, systemic IgG4-RD, or other rheumatologic conditions may be clinically warranted.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: AN INCONGRUOUS DISSONANCE

This paper argues that the speed of economic growth or intensity of human economic activity is not merely dependent on the intensity of pollution or environmental degradation. Rather, smart choices and technological advancements have the capacity to decrease environmental degradation while also increasing economic growth concomitantly. In the arbitration of costs and benefits, this US-oriented study finds that corporate profits of the industries that are most responsible for environmental degradation in the US pale in comparison to the cost of environmental disasters and the accompanying effects of unbalanced income distribution. The results suggest that further investments in smart technology are capable of fostering economic growth and reducing costly environmental disasters. Yet, equity within generations remains elusive and contingent on deliberate policy intervention.
Detecting cosmic rays using CMOS sensors in consumer devices

Since the time of Victor Hess and his balloon flight that demonstrated that cosmic rays increased with altitude, new detection methods have become widely available to be used on current day flights. One such method is to utilize CCDs with long duration exposures. During the exposures the CCD is exposed to cosmic rays which then leave a track. This phenomenon is caused by the CCD's inability to distinguish between photons of light and charged particles. Such tracks can then be separated from the CCD's background noise and classified.
Deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest. Determinants of stroke and early mortality in 656 patients

We have retrospectively evaluated our results after aortic surgery in adults using deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest to determine the patient predictors of early death and postoperative stroke by logistic regression analysis. Of the 656 patients operated on between July 7, 1979, and January 30, 1991, 43% (n = 283) were female, the median age of the patients was 64 years (range 10 to 88 years), 12% (n = 77) had acute dissection, 26% (n = 173) had previously undergone either cardiac or ascending aortic operations, and 13% (n = 85) had a history of cerebrovascular disease. Eighty-four patients underwent elephant trunk procedures. The median circulatory arrest time was 31 minutes (range 7 to 120 minutes). The univariable predictors of transient or permanent stroke, defined as clinical evidence of neurologic injury, either global or hemiparetic, which occurred in 44 patients (7%), were as follows (p < 0.05): increased age; a history of cerebrovascular disease; circulatory arrest time (7 to 29 minutes = 12/298 [4%], 30 to 44 minutes = 15/201 [7.5%], 45 to 59 minutes 9/84 [10.7%], 60 to 120 minutes 7/48 [14.6%]; cardiopulmonary bypass time; and concurrent descending thoracic aorta repair. The multivariably determined predictors were as follows (p < 0.05): a history of cerebrovascular disease; previous aortic surgery distal to the left subclavian artery; and cardiopulmonary bypass time. A history of aortic valve incompetence, however, was associated with a lower risk of stroke (adjusted odds ratio 0.42, p = 0.015). The multivariably determined predictors for increased risk of early death (p < 0.05), which occurred in 66 (10%) patients, were as follows: increased age; Marfan syndrome; concurrent distal aortic aneurysm; previous ascending aortic operation; cardiopulmonary bypass time; cardiac complications; renal complications; and stroke. In this study, the occurrence of stroke was observed to increase after 40 minutes of circulatory arrest; furthermore, the mortality rate increased markedly after 65 minutes of circulatory arrest. Thus the "safe" period for strokes not developing appeared to be limited to approximately 40 minutes. We conclude that deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest is a safe technique for the repair of complex aortic problems provided both the circulatory arrest and the cardiopulmonary bypass times are not excessive. In addition, the clinical characteristics of the patients are important determinants of stroke and death.
Expression of Tenascin-C Splice Variants in Normal and Bullous Keratopathy Human Corneas

PURPOSE. TO characterize the expression patterns of tenascin-C (TN-C) splice variants in normal corneas and in those affected by pseudophakic-aphakic bullous keratopathy (PBK-ABK). METHODS. Alternatively spliced variants of TN-C mRNA from normal and age-matched human corneas with PBK-ABK were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot hybridization, using /32-microglobulin as a housekeeping gene to normalize the samples. Normal and PBK-ABK corneas were studied by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis with antibodies to specific fibronectin type Ill-like (FN-III) repeats of TN-C. RESULTS. Tenascin-C mRNA expression was detected in epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells of normal and PBK-ABK central corneas, although the protein was seen only in diseased corneas. Assessed by RT-PCR, PBK-ABK corneas expressed approximately three times more total TN-C mRNA than did normal corneas. Four major TN-C mRNA variants (with no FN-III insertional repeats or with retained insertional repeats D, Al, or Al+D) and three minor variants (with retained repeats A1+A2, A1+A2+D, or A1+A2+B+D) were much more abundant in PBK-ABK than in normal corneas. Repeat Al was more abundant in PBK-ABK TN-C protein than repeats A2, A3, B, or D. Major TN-C variants in PBK-ABK corneas were in the range of 190 kDa to 240 kDa. CONCLUSIONS. Expression of TN-C mRNA and protein is higher in PBK-ABK corneas than in normal corneas. This increase mainly concerns relatively small TN-C splice variants that may affect corneal cell adhesion and migration and contribute to the exacerbation of PBK-ABK. (Invest Ophthahnol VisSci. 1998;39:1135-H42)
Right coronary artery to left ventricle fistula. A case report and discussion.

Abstract A case of a 4-year-old boy with a history of fatigue and a heart murmur is presented. Cardiac catheterization revealed a right coronary artery to left ventricular fistula. The fistula was ligatec at surgery after which the heart size decreased, the murmur disappeared, and the electrocardiogram became normal. The differential diagnosis is discussed, and the embryological aspects of the development of the lesion are presented.
AIR BAGS: LEGIONS OF FABLE: CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS AND CONCERNS

This paper discusses the consumer and news media perceptions about air bags that had to be taken into account by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in making rulemaking decisions in 1997. Addressing these perceptions was a major concern as the agency made preparations to allow identifiable groups of people at risk from air bag deployments to have on-off switches installed in their vehicles. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 492347.
Lysosomes and Cartilage Resorption in Organ Culture

The work of Bassett and Herrmann (1961) and Bassett (1964) has shown that variations in environmental oxygen exert a modulating influence on skeletal tissues in culture. Goldhaber (1963) has found that exposure of neo-natal mouse calvaria in organ culture to elevated partial pressures of oxygen results in bone resorption and increased osteoclasis. The mechanism of these interesting effects is unexplained.
Brooding rumination and cardiovascular reactivity to a laboratory‐based interpersonal stressor

There is a well-known link between stress and depression, but diathesis-stress models suggest that not all individuals are equally susceptible to stress. The current study examined if brooding rumination, a known risk factor for depression, influences cardiovascular reactivity to a laboratory-based interpersonal stressor. Sixty-five women watched a baseline video and were exposed to an interpersonal stressor while high frequency heart rate variability (HRV) was collected. We found that women who endorsed higher levels of brooding rumination exhibited greater HRV withdrawal from baseline to stressor, an effect that was maintained when we controlled for levels of depression. This physiological vulnerability, when combined with high levels of stress, may be one mechanism underlying how brooding rumination increases depression risk.
Magnetohydrodynamic boundary conditions for global models

Boundary conditions in the ionosphere and the upstream solar wind are important in determining the dynamics of global magnetohydrodynamic models of the magnetosphere. It is generally recognized that the orientation of the magnetic field in the upstream solar wind strongly modulates the rate of energy input into the magnetosphere by magnetic reconnection. However, other aspects of the upstream boundary conditions may determine whether the reconnection occurs in a patchy manner, as in flux transfer events, or in a global manner, as in the Paschmann et al. (1979) events. Ionospheric boundary conditions should also affect the reconnection process. For example, ionospheric line-tying can cause x-line motion in the outer magnetosphere. If it is assumed that auroras occur on field lines mapping to x-lines, then auroral motions are different than the local convective motion of the plasma in which they occur. Global magnetohydrodynamic models which incorporate both magnetospheric reconnection and ionospheric convection could be used to investigate the effect of reconnection and convection upon dayside and nightside auroral motions during the course of a magnetic substorm.
System level HIRF testing

This paper details the steps involved in planning and performing a system level test on a complete avionics system to show compliance with HIRF certification requirements. Honeywell's Business & Commuter Aviation System Division has performed these tests of eleven aircraft systems since the HIRF special conditions were applied to certifications beginning in early 1990. The steps involved include determining the applicability of the requirements, planning the testing, writing the test procedure, conducting the tests, and writing the test report. >
Steven Luper, The Philosophy of Death

The back cover proclaims that this book "is a lively and engaging philosophical treatment of a perennially fascinating and relevant subject." The subject is ever relevant and darkly fascinating, for sure, but the book is exhausting. It is written in that heavy analytic style that saps the life out of any subject, even a subject as intense and personally compelling as death. However, if one can somehow overlook the pointless symbolization, minute qualifications, and many other technical refinements that are supposed to clarify but wind up distracting instead, this book offers the intrepid reader quite a bit. It is a comprehensive discussion of the metaphysical and moral aspects of death, and death's logical precursor, killing. Steven Luper is a major contributor to this fast-growing area of contemporary philosophy and he gives us a panoramic sweep of current literature, while making some important arguments of his own along the way.On the plausible assumption that death is annihilation... Language: en
Simultaneous direct estimation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of copper and zinc in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.

A method is described for simultaneously estimating copper and zinc in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standards are prepared in 150 millimolar NaCl solution, and subsequently standards and samples are diluted with n -butanol:water (6:94, by vol). Both ions may be simultaneously determined in as little as 0.5 ml. The procedure is simple, quick, reliable and reproducible.
Bipolar disorders. Basic mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Jair C. Soares and Samuel Gershon, (eds.). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2000. 80 p. $175.00
Lymphokines and bile secretion in the rat

— Sepsis is occasionally accompanied by jaundice which is marked by an intrahepatic cholestasis and scant hepatocyte necrosis. The pathogenesis is unknown. The bile fistula rat was used in this study to investigate the possibility that intrahepatic cholestasis is one of the many systemic effects of the major endogenous pyrogen, interleukin-1. The effect of acute administration of endotoxin, interleukin-2 and recombinant rat interferon gamma on biliary secretion and biliary transport mechanisms was also studied. Basal bile flow, peak bile flow and peak sodium taurocholate output were measured after 1 h in all cases, except with recombinant rat interferon gamma where the time interval was 3 h. Endotoxin significantly reduced basal and sodium taurocholate-stimulated bile flow, as well as sodium taurocholate secretion. No such effect was noted after acute administration of any of these lymphokines or chronic administration of interleukin-1. The cholestasis induced by endotoxin administration is not mediated by interleukin-1, interleukin-2 or recombinant interferon gamma.
IRRADIATED CROSS-LINKED WIRE

Abstract Generally speaking, polyurethane has excellent mechanical properties but poor water resistance. It is rather difficult to obtain flame retardant polyurethane while maintaining water resistance. We ascertained that improvement in water resistance could be achieved on polyurethane by high energy electron beam irradiation. The irradiated cross-linked polyurethane is very useful as jacketing material for automobile cables.
Third Sound and The Healing Length of He II in Films As Thin As 2.1 Atomic Layers.

Measurements of the velocity of third sound on films as thin as 2.1 atomic layers yield the healing length of superfluid He II down to temperatures of 0.1 K. It is argued that these films are two-dimensional superfluids.
The Importance of “Sexual Proprietariness” in Theoretical Framing and Interpretation of Pregnancy-Associated Intimate Partner Violence and Femicide Through the Eyes of a Junior Scholar

Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of sexual proprietariness, findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey are presented. Prevalence of physical and sexual violence, stalking, threats of violence, and power and control were examined for the overall NVAW sample, for those women abused by an intimate partner in particular, and those who were physically abused during a pregnancy. Results indicate that women who are physically abused during pregnancy also experience higher levels of all other forms of abuse compared to women who are not pregnant when abused, including nearly twice the level of power and control. Language: en
The biological importance of ultraviolet light induced DNA-protein crosslinks in Escherichia coli 15 TAU

Abstract The sensitivity of Escherichia coli 15 TAU to killing by ultraviolet light (2537 A) when grown for various times under several nutritionally restricted conditions (+T−AU; −T+AU; −T−AU) has been measured. Concurrent measurements were made on the amount of DNA crosslinked to protein by these same doses of ultraviolet light. There appears to be a direct correlation between the amount of DNA crosslinked to protein by a given dose of ultraviolet light and the intrinsic sensitivity of the cells to killing by ultraviolet light under the several growth conditions studied. These results strongly suggest that the crosslinking of DNA and protein by physiological doses of ultraviolet light must play an important role in the loss of viability of ultraviolet light irradiated cells.
Interface-based programming assignments and automatic grading of java programs

AutoGrader is a framework developed at Miami University for the automatic grading of student programming assignments written in the Java programming language. AutoGrader leverages the abstract concept of interfaces, as implemented by the Java interface language construct, in both the assignment and grading of programming assignments. The use of interfaces reinforces the role of procedural abstraction in object-oriented programming and allows for a common API to all student code. This common API then enables automatic grading of program functionality. AutoGrader provides a simple instructor API and enables the automatic testing of student code through the Java languagefeatures of interfaces and reflection. AutoGrader alsosupports static code analysis using PMD [4] to detect possible bugs, dead code, suboptimal, and overcomplicated code. While AutoGrader is written in and only handles Java programs, this style of automated grading is adaptable to any language that supports (or can mimic) named interfaces and/or abstract functions and that also supports runtime reflection.
Conscious and subconscious arm movements: Application of signal detection theory to motor control

People sometimes carry out voluntary movements that do not seem to be consciously controlled. A familiar example is the board game Ouija. We hypothesize that movement speed is a primary determinant of whether a movement is conscious or subconscious. In support of this hypothesis, we show that mean movement velocity is slower when subjects imagine “a force pushing against the arm” than when they move the arm “as slowly as possible.” We also show that this outcome can be accounted for with signal detection theory, a theoretical tool that has so far been used primarily in the areas of perception and memory.
Robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy: technique and learning curve

Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) offers a minimally invasive approach for treating vaginal vault prolapse. The Da Vinci robotic surgical system may decrease the difficulty of the procedure. The objective of this study was to describe the surgical technique of robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASCP) and evaluate its feasibility, safety, learning curve, and perioperative complications. Eighty patients underwent RASCP between November 2004 and June 2007. Robotic dissection of the planes between the bladder and vagina anteriorly and between the vagina and rectum posteriorly was performed. A peritoneal incision was made to expose the sacral promontory and extended down to the vaginal apex. A Y-shaped mesh was sutured to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the vagina. The tail end of the mesh was sutured to the sacral promontory. Intracorporeal knot tying was used in all sutures. The peritoneal incision was closed to cover the mesh using a running suture. Mean operative time was 197.9 [standard deviation (SD) 66.8] min. After completion of the first ten cases, mean operative time decreased by 25.4% [64.3 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 16.1–112.4 min, p < 0.01]. Two (2.5%) patients had injury to the bladder, one (1.2%) patient had a small bowel injury, and one (1.2%) patient had a ureteric injury. Postoperatively, five (6%) patients developed vaginal mesh erosion, one (1.2%) patient developed a pelvic abscess, and one (1.2%) patient had postoperative ileus. Four (5%) cases were converted to laparotomy. Mean follow-up period was 4.8 months (range 1–24 months). RASCP is a feasible procedure with acceptable complication rates and short learning curve.
HIV viremia and T-cell activation differentially affect the performance of glomerular filtration rate equations based on creatinine and cystatin C.

Background Serum creatinine and cystatin C are used as markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The performance of these GFR markers relative to exogenously measured GFR (mGFR) in HIV-positive individuals is not well established. Methods We assessed the performance of the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations based on serum concentrations of creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys) and both biomarkers combined (eGFRcr-cys) in 187 HIV-positive and 98 HIV-negative participants. Measured GFR was calculated by plasma iohexol clearance. Bias and accuracy were defined as the difference between eGFR and mGFR and the percentage of eGFR observations within 30% of mGFR, respectively. Activated CD4 and CD8 T-cells (CD38+ HLA-DR+) were measured by flow cytometry. Results The median mGFR was >100 ml/min/1.73 m2 in both groups. All equations tended to be less accurate in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative subjects, with eGFRcr-cys being the most accurate overall. In the HIV-positive group, eGFRcys was significantly less accurate and more biased than eGFRcr and eGFRcr_cys. Additionally eGFRcys bias and accuracy were strongly associated with use of antiretroviral therapy, HIV RNA suppression, and percentages of activated CD4 or CD8 T-cells. Hepatitis C seropositivity was associated with larger eGFRcys bias in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. In contrast, eGFRcr accuracy and bias were not associated with HIV-related factors, T-cell activation, or hepatitis C. Conclusions The performance of eGFRcys relative to mGFR was strongly correlated with HIV treatment factors and markers of T-cell activation, which may limit its usefulness as a GFR marker in this population.
Adjoint-based error estimation and grid adaptation for functional outputs: Application to two-dimensional, inviscid, incompressible flows

Adjoint-based error estimation and grid adaptive procedures are investigated for their robustness and effectiveness in improving the accuracy of functional outputs such as lift and drag. The adjoint error estimates relate the global error in the output function to the local residual errors in the flow solution via adjoint variables as weight functions. These error estimates are used as a correction to produce improved functional estimates. Based on this error correction procedure, two output-based grid adaptive approaches are implemented and compared. While both approaches strive to improve the accuracy of the computed output, the means by which the adaptation parameters are formed differ. The first approach strives to improve the computable error estimates by forming adaptation parameters based on the level of error in the computable error estimates. The second approach uses the computable error estimates as adaptation parameters. Grid adaptation is performed with h-refinement and results are presented for two-dimensional, inviscid, incompressible flows.
The Chloroplast Grana Proteome Defined by Intact Mass Measurements from Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Proteomics seeks to address the entire complement of protein gene products of an organism, but experimental analysis of such complex mixtures is biased against low abundance and membrane proteins. Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry coupled with reverse-phase chromatography was used to separate and catalogue all detectable proteins in samples of photosystem II-enriched thylakoid membrane subdomains (grana) from pea and spinach. Around 90 intact mass tags were detected corresponding to approximately 40 gene products with variable post-translational covalent modifications. Provisional identity of 30 of these gene products was proposed based upon coincidence of measured mass with that calculated from genomic sequence. Analysis of isolated photosystem II complexes allowed detection and resolution of a minor population of D1 (PsbA) that was apparently palmitoylated and not detected in less purified preparations. Based upon observed +80-Da adducts, D1, D2 (PsbD), CP43 (PsbC), two Lhcbs, and PsbH were confirmed to be phosphorylated, and a new phosphoprotein was proposed to be the product of psbT. The appearance of a second +80-Da adduct on PsbH provides direct evidence for a second phosphorylation site on PsbH, complicating interpretation of its role in regulation of thylakoid membrane organization and function, including light-state transitions. Adducts of +32 Da, presumably arising from oxidative modification during illumination, were associated with more highly phosphorylated forms of PsbH implying a relationship between the two phenomena. Intact mass proteomics of organellar subfractions and more highly purified protein complexes provides increasingly detailed insights into functional genomics of photosynthetic membranes.
Evaluation of Analysis Methods for Assessing Seismic Response

Several analytical tools are available for assessing the seismic vulnerability of existing bridges. Each approach incorporates different assumptions and varies in complexity of application. As a result, selection of the most appropriate method for a given situation is often not clear. To aid in the selection process, four analysis methods for assessing seismic response are evaluated: linear elastic analysis, inelastic pushover analysis, capacity spectrum analysis, and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis. The four analysis methods are used in a limited study to determine the seismic response of two existing highway bridges under three different seismic ground motion conditions. The results of the analyses are used to evaluate the advantages, limitations, and ease of application of each approach for seismic analysis. Each method is shown to have merits and deficiencies that should be considered when selecting a seismic assessment method for a particular bridge structure.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons in lower continental slope fish collected near the Farallon Islands, California☆

During December, 1985, Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) were collected at water depths of 500 and 1000 m and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were collected at a water depth of 1000 m in the vicinity of former low-level radioactive and chemical munition disposal sites located near the Farallon Islands, California. Liver tissues were analysed for chlorinated hydrocarbons by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDTs and PCBs) were detected in all fish. Concentrations of total DDTs and PCBs in livers of Dover sole and sablefish were as high as, or higher than, those recently reported for the same species collected in heavily contaminated coastal waters of Southern California. The presence of DDTs (up to 9 μg g−1, wet wt) and PCBs (up to 7 μg g−1, wet wt) in fish livers may indicate extensive contamination of the coastal waters or bottom sediments in the vicinity of the Farallon Islands. Even though the definitive sources of the chlorinated hydrocarbons detected in the Dover sole and sablefish are not known, the relative proximity of the former chemical munition disposal sites indicates that these areas may be a potential source of one or both of these contaminants.
Effect of crystal preparation techniques on the room temperature critical resolved shear stresses of Al(Zn) and Al(Mg)

Abstract Al(Zn) and Al(Mg) single crystals have been prepared both by conventional Bridgman methods and by vapor transport diffusion of Zn or Mg into pure Al Bridgman crystals. The room temperature critical resolved shear stresses of Al(Zn) are less for all crystals prepared by the latter method, while the behavior of Al(Mg) varies with magnesium content. At low Mg the CRSS's are less for vapor-diffused crystals, while at higher Mg the CRSS's are less for Bridgman crystals. The results can be qualitatively explained in terms of initial dislocation densities.