cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Targets of Dietary Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Sulforaphane for Cancer Chemoprevention

Development of cancer is a long-term and multistep process which comprises initiation, progression, and promotion stages of carcinogenesis. Conceivably, it can be targeted and interrupted along these different stages. In this context, many naturally occurring dietary compounds from our daily consumption of fruits and vegetables have been shown to possess cancer preventive effects. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN) are two of the most widely investigated isothiocyanates from the crucifers. Both have been found to be very potent chemopreventive agents in numerous animal carcinogenesis models as well as cell culture models. They exert their chemopreventive effects through regulation of diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular targets of PEITC and SFN potentially involved in cancer chemoprevention. These include the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes phase I cytochrome P450s and phase II metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the signaling pathways including Nrf2–Keap 1, anti-inflammatory NFκB, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest as well as some receptors will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will also discuss the similarities and their potential differences in the regulation of these molecular targets by PEITC and SFN.
Meningococcal Disease in New York City, 1973 to 1978: Recognition of Groups Y and W-135 as Frequent Pathogens

In the period 1973 through 1978, the New York City Department of Health serogrouped 648 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis and investigated 259 cases of meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia. Although meningitis and septicemia were mainly due to groups B and C, groups Y and W-135 caused nearly one third of the cases. There was no difference in mortalities when disease caused by the classic groups A, B, and C was compared with disease caused by the new serogroups X, Y, Z, W-135, and Z'. Most isolates from the respiratory tract were from the new serogroups, especially Z and Z' (some from patients with pneumonia), as were most of those from the genitourinary tract, anal canal, and miscellaneous sites. Group X was infrequently seen. Although most of the isolations of these groups of N meningitidis are apparently from asymptomatic carriers, Y and W-135 do cause a substantial number of acute symptomatic infections, in particular, septicemia. ( JAMA 244:2167-2171, 1980)
Blunted fasting-induced decreases in plasma and CSF leptin concentrations in obese rats: the role of increased leptin secretion

Fasting substantially decreases plasma leptin concentration. However, in obesity, the fasting-induced decrease in leptin concentration is blunted or absent. The objective of the current study was to determine in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the contribution of altered leptin secretion and leptin expression to the blunted nutritional regulation of leptin concentration. Fasting-induced decreases in plasma leptin concentration were greater in lean (standard chow (SC)) rats compared to DIO (∼79 vs ∼48%, P<0.05 for DIO vs SC). CSF leptin was significantly reduced by fasting in SC (∼46%) but not in DIO. Fasting decreased adipose tissue leptin secretion in both SC and DIO, but the decrease was greater in SC (average ∼74%) compared to DIO (average ∼44%, P<0.05, DIO vs SC). Additionally, leptin secretion in fasted DIO was substantially greater (average ∼175%) than in fasted SC (P<0.05). Adipose tissue leptin protein content was increased by ∼80% in DIO compared to SC (P<0.05). We conclude that a probable cause of blunted fasting-induced decreases in leptin concentration in obesity is elevated leptin secretion, which possibly results from increased leptin gene expression.
Short-term bromide uptake in skins of Rana pipiens.

Intracellular ion concentrations were determined in split skins of Rana pipiens using the technique of electron microprobe analysis. Based on the 1 min Br uptake from the apical bath, two types of mitochondria-rich (MR) cells could be distinguished: active cells which rapidly exchanged their anions with the apical bath and inactive cells which did not. Br uptake and frequency of active MR cells were closely correlated with the skin conductance, gt. Replacing Cl in the apical bath with an impermeant anion significantly lowered gt and the Br uptake and Na concentration of active cells. Even larger reductions were observed after apical amiloride (0.1 mm). The inhibition of the Br uptake was reversible by voltage clamping (100 mV, inside positive). Cl removal and amiloride also led to some shrinkage of active cells. The results suggest that the active cell is responsible for a large part of gt. Inactive MR cells had much lower Br and Na concentrations which were not significantly affected by Cl removal, amiloride, or voltage clamping. Principal cells, which represent the main cell type of the epithelium, showed only a minimal Br uptake from the apical side which was not correlated with gt. Moreover, Cl removal had no effect on the Na, Br, and Cl concentrations of principal cells.
A brick-wall model for calculating young’s modulus of a particulate composite

A simple mathematical model for calculating Young’s modulus of particulate composite consists of cubes of the stiffer phase surrounded by a constant thickness layer of the softer phase. This model is conceptually composed of columns of alternating hard and soft phase loaded in parallel with columns of the softer phase. The predictions of this model compare favorably with published data on WC-Co and SiC-Al. Figure 1 shows the model of a particulate composite with a hard phase surrounded by a softer phase. The harder phase, A, consists of a series of cubes. The distance between cube centers is 1 and the thickness of the softer phase, B, is t. The volume fraction of A is then VA (1 t) . The composite is considered to consist of columns of alternating A and B loaded in parallel with columns of B. Lower bound for the behavior of columns of alternating A and B corresponds to assuming that each material is under the same axial stress, 1 (iso-stress). Then, the modulus, E , of these columns is given by
Pseudo-equilibrium approach to the design and use of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors evaluated using a sensor for hydrogen peroxide

This paper describes a pseudo-equilibrium approach to the measurement and data-processing steps in the use of enzyme-based amperometric biosensors for substrates. The goal of the method is to obtain the response corresponding to reaction of all substrate in a fixed volume of solution with the expectation that this will improve the linear range and ruggedness relative to the conventional steady-state option. The biosensor is used in a rotating disk mode such that data for current versus time can be monitored with and without rotation of the sensor. With the sensor rotating at moderately high speed, current is monitored until an initial steady-state response is obtained after which the rotation is stopped and current is monitored until a second steady-state response is obtained. Under controlled conditions, the transition form the first to the second steady-state condition corresponds to reaction of virtually all of the substrate in a small fixed volume of solution controlled by the dimensions of the diffusion layer. Integration of current as a function of time yields the charge corresponding to reaction of substrate in the fixed volume established by the diffusion process. Evaluation of this pseudo-equilibrium option using a peroxidase-based sensor for hydrogen peroxide yielded a linear range extending to at least four times the Michaelis constant and a pH dependence approximately 40-fold less than steady-state currents obtained from the same data sets.
Aliasing of electromagnetic fields in stair step boundaries

The effects of stair stepped boundaries on electromagnetic fields are analyzed for a cross section of a rectangular waveguide rotated in a Cartesian mesh. Spectral analysis demonstrates that stair steps introduce a rich set of aliases even in this simple case, in addition to interpolation aliasing caused by continuum wavelengths not representable on the discrete mesh. The alias effects introduce both short and long wavelengths; the latter are challenging to mitigate without apriori knowledge of the physical modes.
Distribution of intramyocardially injected extracellular MR contrast medium: effects of concentration and volume.

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of intramyocardially injected Gd-DTPA solution as a marker for distribution of intramyocardially delivered therapeutic solutions. The effects of concentration and volume of the extracellular MR contrast medium Gd-DTPA on signal intensity and spatial extent of enhancement was determined after intramyocardial delivery. In anesthetized pigs (n=11), mixtures of Gd-DTPA (0.15, 0.1 and 0.05 mmol/ml) and Evan’s blue tissue dye (3%) were injected into the wall of the left ventricle. In each pig 1 ml of 0.15 mmol/ml, 2 ml of 0.1 ml and 3 ml of 0.05 mmol/ml Gd-DTPA were injected remote from each other. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and ECG were monitored throughout the procedure. Five minutes after injections were performed, the pigs were killed and the hearts excised. T1-weighted spin-echo MR images were acquired to measure regional signal intensity (SI) and extent of the enhanced regions. The hearts were sliced and mass of blue stained regions was determined and compared with mass of enhanced areas on MRI. Gd-DTPA significantly (p<0.001) increased regional SI compared with remote myocardium in a concentration dependent fashion (109±4% at 0.05 mmol/ml, 202±7% at 0.1, and 327±6% at 0.15) while the mass of enhanced region was 0.6±0.1 g after injection of 1 ml, 1.4±0.2 g after 2 ml and 2.3±0.3 g after 3 ml (p<0.001). Regression and Bland-Altman analysis revealed that there was close correlation and agreement between MRI and histomorphometry (r=0.98, p<0.001). Magnitude and spatial extent of enhancement depend on concentration and volume of injected contrast medium. Intramyocardial injection of extracellular MR contrast media may be useful as a marker for the extent of distribution of intramyocardially delivered therapeutic solutions.
Opiate Stimulation Increases Exploration in the Mouse

Adult male Swiss-Webster mice were injected with a low dose of morphine sulfate or vehicle and placed in an apparatus which allowed the assessment of exploratory behavior. Two measures of exploration (rearing, nose poking) were recorded during a single brief exposure. Both exploratory behaviors increased after drug treatment. This suggests opiate involvement in behavioral arousal, and more specifically, in exploratory behavior.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MHC2TA, the gene encoding the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA)

The MHC class II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulator for HLA-D (DP, DQ, DR) gene expression. In this report the coding and promoter regions of the CIITA gene, MHC2TA, were evaluated for polymorphisms in 50 normal Caucasian individuals. Allele frequencies were obtained for four separate single nucleotide (nt) polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the MHC2TA coding region: nt 1614 (C→G), nt 2509 (G→A), nt 2536 (T→G), and nt 2791 (G→A). MHC2TA sequence analysis of 100 chromosomes from these 50 individuals revealed a SNP in MHC2TA promoter (p) III at nt −155 (A→G), but none in CIITA pI or pIV. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of splice variant at a previously undiscovered intron, accounting for a three nt (TAG) insertion at position 474 that was originally described in association with one of the disease-causing CIITA cDNA mutations in bare lymphocyte syndrome.
Successful Application of a Direct Detection Slide-Based Sequential Phenotype/Genotype Assay Using Archived Bone Marrow Smears and Paraffin Embedded Tissue Sections

Identification of genetic abnormalities in pathological samples is critical for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, detection of minimal residual disease, and assessment of response to therapy. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis is the standard cytogenetic assay used by many laboratories to detect specific clonal karyotypic aberrations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. However, direct correlation with immunophenotype or morphology in individual cells is rarely performed because the procedural steps are labor intensive and usually require extensive troubleshooting. In this study, we present a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization-based technique that uses the identical archived bone marrow smears or paraffin-embedded tissue sections previously evaluated by a pathologist for morphological or immunohistochemical characteristics. This approach is relatively straightforward, using uncomplicated pretreatment and hybridization conditions and basic equipment attached to an automated image analyzer with image capture software to record the location of targeted cells for genotypic/phenotype correlation. Furthermore, the method has proved reliable and reproducible on test samples regardless of specimen age, tissue type, or referring institution.
Real-time detection of workload changes using heart rate variability

Abstract This work presents a novel approach to detecting real-time changes in workload using heart rate variability (HRV). We propose that for a given workload state, the values of HRV vary in a sub-range of a Gaussian distribution. We describe methods to monitor a HRV signal in real-time for change points based upon sub-Gaussian fitting. We tested our method on subjects sitting at a computer performing a low workload surveillance task and a high workload video game task. The proposed algorithm showed superior performance compared to the classic CUSUM method for detecting task changes.
A 0.6-V Quadrature VCO With Enhanced Swing and Optimized Capacitive Coupling for Phase Noise Reduction

This paper presents a 0.6-V quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) with enhanced swing for low power supply applications. The QVCO comprises a novel capacitive coupling technique that is employed not only for quadrature signal coupling, but also for phase noise reduction. As a result, the proposed QVCO can even achieve 4.6 dB lower phase noise than its single-phase counterpart at 3-MHz offset. Optimized capacitive coupling combined with source inductive enhance-swing technique enables low power and low phase noise simultaneously. The QVCO achieves a measured phase noise of -132.2 dBc/Hz @ 3-MHz offset with a center frequency of 5.6 GHz and consumes 4.2 mW from a 0.6-V supply. This performance corresponds to a figure-of-merit (FoM) of 191.4 dB. Due to the intrinsic phase shift in the proposed quadrature-coupling path, the problem associated with ±90° phase ambiguity between the quadrature outputs has been avoided. The QVCO RFIC is implemented in a 0.13nμm CMOS process with core area of 0.6 × 0.8 mm2.
Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the air-water interface and its role in atmospheric deposition by fog droplets

This review addresses the significance of air-water interfacial adsorption in the fate and transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dispersed systems, such as fog droplets in the atmosphere and air bubbles in wastewater systems. The equilibrium (partition constants) and transport (mass accommodation coefficients) parameters in dispersed systems are discussed. Specific cases where the air-water interfacial adsorption makes a significant impact, such as uptake of naphthalene by fog droplets in a falling droplet reactor and of pyrene removal on air bubbles in a solvent sublation reactor, are discussed as illustrations. The consequence of the air-water interface in atmospheric wet deposition of PAHs by fog droplets is analyzed mathematically.
Assessment of Environmental Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers

The large-scale commercial use of synthetic polymers and their disposal in the environment is a phenomenon less than half a century old, a duration which is minuscule in the evolutionary time scale...
Differential germination by dimorphic achenes of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialisL.) under water stress

Abstract Yellow starthistle germination in an environmental chamber was 74, 38, 3, and 0% at osmotic potentials of 0, −0·5, −1·0, and −1·5 MPa, respectively. Salinity levels of 0, 4, 8, and 12 dSm−1had an inconsistent effect on germination. The presence of a pappus (p-achene) was associated with an 11 and 15% increase in germination over those achenes without a pappus (np-achene) at 0 and −1·5 MPa, respectively. Field germination of p-achenes was 29 and 33% greater than np-achenes at La Grande, OR and Walla Walla, WA, respectively. Total germination (field plus lab) was not influenced by time of burial (3 months) or 1- and 2-cm burial depths. Dimorphic achenes appear to be associated with success in exploiting highly variable soil moisture regimes in semi-arid environments.
Injectable thermogelling chitosan for the local delivery of bone morphogenetic protein

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of injectable thermo gelling chitosan–ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution (chitosan–AHP) and its efficacy to deliver recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a bioactive form. The thermogel showed a typical foreign body response upon subcutaneous implantation surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Even at 4 and 8 weeks post implantation, significant neutrophil infiltration was observed within the gel. Chitosan–AHP gel retained most of the loaded rhBMP-2 after a small initial release. The bioactivity of the released protein was demonstrated in vitro by the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of mouse pre osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). Histological and micro-computed tomography (μCT) evaluation showed evidence of ectopic bone formation upon 4 μg/mL rhBMP-2 loaded chitosan–AHP injection. The study demonstrated a neutrophil mediated local tissue response to chitosan–AHP gel and its ability to encapsulate and maintain the bioactivity of rhBMP-2.
Remarks on Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory at finite temperature

We show that the ansatz for the partition function given by Bernard and Gross, Pisarski, and Yaffe is also gauge invariant in the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory, even though the Lagrangian is not. In this theory, the allowed gauge transformations are restricted to periodic functions in the interval (0,{beta}).
Applications of AMSR-E measurements for tropical cyclone predictions Part I: Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature and Wind speed

Existing satellite microwave algorithms for retrieving Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Wind (SSW) are applicable primarily for non-raining cloudy conditions. With the launch of the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite in 2002, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) onboard provides some unique measurements at lower frequencies which are sensitive to ocean surface parameters under adverse weather conditions. In this study, a new algorithm is developed to derive SST and SSW for hurricane predictions such as hurricane vortex analysis from the AMSR-E measurements at 6.925 and 10.65 GHz. In the algorithm, the effects of precipitation emission and scattering on the measurements are properly taken into account. The algorithm performances are evaluated with buoy measurements and aircraft dropsonde data. It is found that the root mean square (RMS) errors for SST and SSW are about 1.8 K and 1.9 m s−1, respectively, when the results are compared with the buoy data over open oceans under precipitating clouds (e.g., its liquid water path is larger than 0.5 mm), while they are 1.1 K for SST and 2.0 m s−1 for SSW, respectively, when the retrievals are validated against the dropsonde measurements over warm oceans. These results indicate that our newly developed algorithm can provide some critical surface information for tropical cycle predictions. Currently, this newly developed algorithm has been implemented into the hybrid variational scheme for the hurricane vortex analysis to provide predictions of SST and SSW fields.
Is the Da Vinci Code True

Abstract: The immense popularity of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code may be traced to several factors, among them good suspense writing, an intriguing mystery, and popular anti-Catholicism. This essay, however, focuses on its themes of masculine conspiracy and misogyny. In the widespread folktale “The Swan Maiden,” a man subdues and weds a mythical female. Her eventual murder of her husband and escape into freedom exposes underlying tensions between the genders. This essay compares the plot of The Da Vinci Code with a “Swan Maiden” myth from New Guinea, where men’s fear of women has led to the creation of secret men’s societies. That similar themes are found in an American best-seller and a myth from Melanesia indicates that they are widespread if not universal masculine concerns.
Sulphonated azo-dyes as extractive metallochromic reagents.

Abstract A survey has been made of analytically useful extractable ion-pair complexes that are formed by the use of a series of metallochromic indicator-metal complexes in conjunction with quaternary ammonium ions. The reagents were o,o′-dihydroxyazo dyes and azo-oxines.
Occupational Therapy and Older Drivers: Research, Education, and Practice

Occupational therapists facilitate independence and support participation in occupations that are personally meaningful to clients to enhance well-being and quality of life. Among the occupations addressed by occupational therapists is the instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) of driving. Occupational therapists are particularly concerned with older adult engagement in driving because of the vital contributions driving and community mobility make to engagement in other activities and subsequently quality of life. This article includes the current status of occupational therapy research, education, and practice and presents the role of the occupational therapist as a member of the team with regard to older drivers.
Alignment System For Large High-Power Pulsed CO2 Laser Fusion Systems

Aligning a pulsed CO2 laser fusion system involves control systems which insure that the centers of beams follow a prescribed path to within 1 mm, that the pointing of the beams is correct to ~ 20 microradians, and that focal spot at the location of the experimental fusion target be placed to accuracies of 10-20 micrometers laterally and ~ 50 micrometers axially. These alignments are accomplished by a variety of sensing techniques which include thermal pinholes and quadrant detectors, Seebeck effect silicon detectors, and imaging autocollimating Hartmann test procedures employing it vidicon systems.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Conflict of interest in clinical practice guideline development: a systematic review.

Background There is an emerging literature on the existence and effect of industry relationships on physician and researcher behavior. Much less is known, however, about the effects of these relationships and other conflicts of interest (COI) on clinical practice guideline (CPG) development and recommendations. We performed a systematic review of the prevalence of COI and its effect on CPG recommendations.
Feasibility studies of electrical impedance spectroscopy for early tumor detection in rats

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been previously reported as a technique for non invasive assessment of tissue change. Our previous in vivo studies demonstrated the ability of EIS to non-invasively detect and longitudinally follow tumor growth. This study was designed to determine the ability of EIS to detect tumors at a very early stage post-implantation. Complex impedance measurements were collected from eight rats with one control and one tumor implanted leg six or seven days after tumor cell inoculation. Legs were also imaged with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) in an effort to determine EIS resolution and sensitivity. Six of the animals were sacrificed immediately after imaging, and tissue was collected for histology and later co-registration of the pathology with the imaging techniques. Results show that EIS is able to repeatedly detect small tumors (<3 mm) and tumor-associated changes, whereas CT and US were not routinely capable of detecting pathological developments on this scale.
Regulation Beyond the Distribution Substation

Discussion and author's closure of a paper by P. E. Benner presented for oral discussion at the distribution and transmission session of the South West District meeting Oklahoma City, Okla., April 26, 1935, and published in the August 1935 issue, pages 832–7. V. C. Gillon (nonmember; Oklahoma Gas and Electric Co., Oklahoma City): Certainly this paper is indeed most appropriate at a time when capital expenditures for power generation and transmission systems are small and the expenditures for distribution systems relatively large. This condition, brought about by low industrial loads but continually increasing residential loads, has diverted more and more administrative and technical engineering thought to the distribution system.
Optimizing a dual-rotating-retarder Mueller matrix polarimeter

An optimization of a dual-rotating-retarder Mueller matrix polarimeter is performed by minimizing the condition number of the system data reduction matrix. The optimum retardance for the rotating retarders is found to be 127 degrees. If exactly 16 intensity measurements are used for the calculation, we observe a complex relationship between the condition number and the size of the angular increments of the two retarders. If many intensity measurements are made, thus over-specifying the calculation, we find broad optimal ranges of angular increments of the two retarders that yield essentially equal performance.
Infrared absorption coefficient of molten LiF and Li2S

A method based on the “submerged mirror” technique to measure absorption wefficients of liquids at elevated temperatures is presented. Modulated radiation reflected off the sample was collected by a HgCdTe infrared detector and the subsequent signals were processed by an IT-IR spectrometer. Apparent reflectivities of two samples of different thicknesses and the first surface. reflectivity were measured and the absorption coefficients were calculated. Absorption coefficients in the range 0.5-11cm-’ have been measured while using samples of thicknesses 1-2mm. The absorption weffidents of molten LiF, Li2S and of the (6LiF + LizS) eutectic mixture were measured for wavelengths between 1.5pm and their infrared absorption edge. Measurements were carried out for a range of temperatures between the respective melting points and 14OO0C Thc measured data for LiF at %O0C are in good agreement with published data. An uncertainty analysis shows the error associated with these measurements to k within
Field scale testing of a hyperfiltration unit for removal of creosote and pentachlorophenol from ground water : chemical and biological assessment

Chemical analyses and biological response data were used to assess the efficacy of a field-scale hyperfiltration unit in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic compounds from creosote- and pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated ground water. The hyperfiltration unit consisted of four modules containing porous stainless steel tubes which were coated with a formed-in-place zirconium hydrous oxide-polyacrylic acid (ZOPA) membrane. A fivefold concentration of the feed water (80% volume reduction) with up to 97% removal of high molecular weight PAHs was achieved during pre-demonstration and field-demonstration runs of the hyperfiltration unit. Approximately 68% of PCP was removed by the unit. Removal of phenolics averaged 27% and 36%, respectively, for the two runs.
Paucity of CFTR current but modest CFTR immunoreactivity in non-diseased human ventricle.

We looked for evidence of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in non-diseased human ventricle. In rabbit and guinea pig the CFTR current is present in the highest density in subepicardial ventricular myocytes. In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp was used to determine if a CFTR-like chloride current (ICFTR,card) can also be activated in human subepicardial ventricular myocytes. No evidence for ICFTR,card was detected in these electrophysiological studies when 10 µM forskolin was applied to 23 different cells from 4 donor hearts. Consistent with our previous results, a swelling-induced chloride current (ICl,swell) could be observed after cell inflation. The enzymatic digestion of human ventricle to release single myocytes may have affected our ability to detect ICFTR,card. Therefore, we looked for anti-CFTR immunoreactivity in slices of left ventricular free wall. A strong immunoreactivity signal was observed in guinea pig ventricle, a positive control. Background staining levels were seen in dog ventricle, a negative control tissue. Human anti-CFTR immunoreactivity was slightly above background. This low level of anti-CFTR immunoreactivity is consistent both with reports that CFTR mRNA is detectable in human ventricle and our inability to detect a significant ICFTR,card current density.
Hypertensive encephalopathy and reversible magnetic resonance imaging changes in a renal transplant patient

An 18-year-old renal transplant patient presented with sudden onset of seizures almost 2 years after she received the graft. Diagnostic work-up was unrevealing except for magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of the brain that resolved spontaneously 4 weeks later. In this brief report, we discuss the etiology of the seizures and neurological abnormalities in renal transplant patients in light of the findings of our patient.
Selection of treatment in squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth

Summary The selection of treatment for early localized squamous cancer of the floor of the mouth must be based on a number of factors in addition to the extent of disease. The general health and nutrition of the patient, his smoking and drinking habits, and his mental and psychologic makeup must also be considered in deciding on the individual treatment modality. In a small group of patients a definite improvement in the control of the disease and survival at two years was obtained with a combination of preoperative radiation therapy (3,000 rads in fourteen days) and surgery for Stages III and IV cancers. When the number of patients so treated is larger, the over-all survival in Stages III and IV should improve because fewer patients will die of uncontrolled cancer in the regional area.
Adhesive and composite evaluation of acetylene‐terminated phenylquinoxaline resins

A series of acetylene-terminated phenylquinoxaline (ATPQ) oligomers of various molecular weights were prepared and subsequently chain extended by the thermally induced reaction of the ethynyl groups. The processability and thermal properties of these oligomers and their cured resins were compared with that of a relatively high molecular weight linear polyphenylquinoxaline (PPQ) with the same chemical backbone. The ATPQ oligomers exhibited significantly better processability than the linear PPQ but the PPQ displayed substantially better thermooxidative stability. Adhesive (Ti/Ti) and composite (graphite filament reinforcement) work was performed to evaluate the potential of these materials for structural applications. The PPQ exhibited better retention of adhesive and laminate properties than the ATPQ resins at 260 C after aging for 500 hr at 260 C in circulating air.
Unbounded computational structures

The concept of suspended evaluation is used as an approach to co-routines. Problems from the literature involving infinite data structures are solved in a LISP-like applicative language to demonstrate that simple new semantics can enrich old and ‘friendly’ control structures. It appears that the very nature of these problems draws control structure and data structure together, so that issues of style may be studied at once for both.
Source ranging with minimal environmental information using a virtual receiver and waveguide invariant theory.

A method is presented for determining the range of an unknown broadband acoustic source in a waveguide, using a vertical array and a signal sample from another broadband source at a known location relative to the array. The method requires no knowledge or modeling of the ocean environment for range‐independent environments. The strategy employed is to combine waveguide invariant theory [e.g., D’Spain and Kuperman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 2454–2468 (1999)] with ‘‘virtual receiver’’ concepts [Siderius et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 3439–3449 (1997)] to create a ‘‘virtual aperture.’’ In other words, a vertical array can effectively convert a source at known range R into a continuum of receivers lying between ranges (1±α)R, where α≂0.1. When the intensity field across this virtual aperture is plotted in the range–frequency plane, the slopes of the intensity maxima yield the range to the unknown source from the guide source, and thus the range to the vertical array. The concept is illustrated in both simulation and data collected from a 75–150‐Hz bandwidth pseudorandom noise source during the shallow‐water experiment SWellEx‐3. The virtual aperture can be reformulated for range‐dependent environments, provided that adiabatic propagation can be assumed, and the bathymetry surrounding the array is known. [Work also conducted at Marine Physical Lab., Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093‐0704.]
The presence of a substance in the pancreas that inhibits mitochondrial respiration

Evidence is presented which indicates that there is present in the pancreatic tissue of rats a substance, possibly some type of protein or a related substance, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration. The inhibitory substance may be associated or bound to cell membrane and is released on homogenization of the tissue. This substance may play a significant role in pancreatitis and shock.
The coupling of muscarinic receptors to hydrolysis of inositol lipids in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Abstract Carbachol (CCh)-stimulated hydrolysis of inositol lipids in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells was systematically characterized in parallel with the carbachol effects on cAMP formation. Carbachol concentration-dependently induced the hydrolysis of inositol lipids and formation of [3H]IP3, [3H]IP2 and [3H]IP1 in these cells labeled with [3H]inositol. The maximal amount of [3H]IP1 accumulated in presence of 10 mM LiCl was about 50-fold above the basal level. The EC50 value of CCh was 14 μM. The muscarinic antagonists atropine, pirenzepine and 11-[[2-(diethylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido [2,3-b] (1,4)-benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX) 116) competitively inhibited CCh-induced [3H]IP1 accumulation. The functional inhibition constants (converted from the pA2 values) were 0.24, 8.1 and 470 nM, respectively. These values are in good agreement with the inhibition constants of these drugs from antagonist/[3H]pirenzepine studies using intact cells. Forskolin, adenosine and PGE1 stimulated cAMP formation in this cell line. Morphiine decreased PGE1-induced cAMP formation as well as the basal cAMP formation. However, CCh did not stimulate or inhibit the basal cAMP formation. Also, CCh did not have any effects on the adenosine and PGE1-induced cAMP formation in these cells. These data suggest that muscarinic M1 receptors are coupled to the hydrolysis of inositol lipids and not to the adenylate cyclase system in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
Resisting a War Crimes Trial: The Malmédy Massacre, the German Churches, and the U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps

War crimes trials roused considerable resistance in Germany. Here the author analyzes opposition to the Malmedy Trial, conducted at Dachau in 1946, citing documents made available under the 1998 Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act—in particular those of Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop of Munich Johannes Neuhausler and regional Protestant bishop Theophil Wurm of Wurttemberg. These clergymen helped reduce sentences and obtain clemency for perpetrators. Munich lawyer and activist Rudolf Aschenauer, a close associate of Neuhausler, coordinated a large network devoted to thwarting the convictions of the former Waffen-SS men. The author traces U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) monitoring of both Aschenauer and the bishops.
Studies of the mechanism of vitamin E action. IV. Lipide peroxidation in the vitamin E-deficient rabbit.

In vivo lipide peroxidation was found in tissues of the vitamin E-deficient rabbit. Mitochondria isolated from vitamin E-deficient rabbit livers showed evidence of lipide peroxidation. The esterification of high-energy phosphate coupled to the oxidation of succinate was impaired in the mitochondria from vitamin E-deficient rabbits. These results, viewed in the light of reports from other laboratories, indicate that vitamin E functions solely to stabilize cellular unsaturated lipides against oxidative deterioration, thus maintaining structural and functional integrity at the subcellular level.
Excited state spectral and dynamics studies of meh-ppv

Abstract Femtosecond spectroscopy studies of several thin conjugated polymer films and solutions were performed in order to examine the gain/loss in the excited state. The excited state shows bimolecular interaction at distances higher than 10 nm between excitations/The ultrafast dynamics are consistent with bimolecular dipole-diplole interaction, but a quantum delocalization of at least 5 nm has to be assumed. We show how the photoinduced absorption affects the emission of light in long as opposed to short (thin film) optical path configurations: the photoluminescence from thick sample spectrally overlaps the net gain (stimulated emission minus photoinduced absorption). The results show that the observed spectral narrowing occurs through amplified spontaneous emission.
Reissert compound studies. XXXIV. Base-catalyzed reactions of the phthalazine reissert compound

The phthalazine Reissert compound has been used to convert phthalazine to 1-benzylphthalazines, bisbenzylphthalazines, 1,4-disubstituted phthalazines, 1-cyanophthalazine, and a number of other phthalazine derivatives including the tricyclic compound 14.
Principles of Observation Medicine

The defining characteristic of emergency medicine is "time," or the acuity of disease presentation. Observation, like resuscitation, involves the management of time-sensitive conditions. In the ED there is a continuum of time-sensitive conditions. This continuum extends from resuscitation on one end to observation on the other. When performed well, observation services have been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy, improve treatment outcomes, decrease costs, and improve patient satisfaction. For the subset of ED patients who would have been inappropriately discharged or unnecessarily admitted, the OU has become a safety net of the ED itself. Like EDs, OUs have progressed from being poorly managed areas of the hospital to the cutting edge of acute health care. The principles developed through past experience and research provide a framework for future developments in emergency medicine.
Distributions of PM2.5 source strengths for cooking from the research triangle park particulate matter panel study

Emission rates, decay rates, and cooking durations are reported from continuous PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microm) concentrations measured using personal DataRam nephelometers (1-min time resolution) from the Research Triangle Park (RTP) PM panel study. The study (n = 37 participants) included monitoring for 7 consecutive days in each of four consecutive seasons (summer 2000 through spring 2001). Cooking episodes (n = 411) were selected using time-activity diaries and criteria for cooking event duration, peak concentration level, and decay curve quality. Averaged across all cooking events, mean source strengths were 36 mg/min (median = 12 mg/min), mean decay rates were 0.27 h(-1) (0.17 h(-1)), and mean cooking durations were 11 min (7 min). Cooking events were further separated into one of seven categories representing cooking method: burned food (oven cooking, toaster, or stovetop cooking), grilling, microwave, toaster oven, frying, oven cooking, and stovetop cooking. The highest mean source strengths were identified from burned food (mean = 470 mg/min), grilling (173 mg/min), and frying (60 mg/ min); differences between both burned food and grilling compared with all remaining cooking methods were statistically significant. Source strengths, decay rates, and cooking durations were also compared by season and typical meal times (8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m.); differences were generally not statistically significant for these cases. Mean source strengths using electric appliances were typically a factor of 2 greater than those using gas appliances for identical cooking methods (frying, oven cooking, or stovetop cooking), although in all cases the difference was not statistically significant. Distributions of source strengths and decay rates for cooking events were also compared among study subjects to assess both within- and between-subject variability. Each subject's distribution of source strengths during the study tended to be either lower than the overall study average (and with lower variability) or higher than the overall study average (and with higher variability). No relationships could be found between source strength and either subject characteristics (age, gender, employment status) or home characteristic (daily air exchange rate). The large number of cooking events and the broad range of cooking activities included in this analysis makes the reported distributions of PM2.5 source strengths useful for probabilistic exposure modeling even though the study population was limited.
Release from PI and the physical aspects of words

Three experiments were conducted using the release from PI method to measure encoding in memory of: one- vs two-syllable words; two and three vs four and five phonemes; and locus of pronunciation, namely, closed-front vs open-back. The Brown-Peterson paradigm was employed with at least 160 Ss in each experiment, and shifts were made in both directions. No significant release effects were found for number of syllables or number of phonemes, but the locus of pronunciation produced a small but significant effect. It is concluded that these physical characteristics of words are of some, but of minor, importance in encoding words for memory.
How Do Charter Schools Compete for Teachers? A Local Perspective

Charter schools are held up as examples of the benefits of a freer approach to hiring teachers. Most studies of charter school personnel policies, however, overlook important variation in personnel practice within the charter school sector. Examining how charter schools use recruitment timelines and teacher compensation to complete for teachers in their local context, the authors found that charter schools most often distinguish themselves from their local districts by experimenting with merit pay. Despite competitive efforts, the school's performance—and not competitive recruitment or compensation practice—appears to be the strongest predictor of both the quality and quantity of applicants to a school.
Non-Equilibrium Phase Change in Metal Induced by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Irradiation

Materials processing using high power pulsed lasers involves complex phenomena including rapid heating, superheating of the laser-melted material, rapid nucleation, and phase explosion. With a heating rate on the order of 10 9 K/s or higher, the surface layer melted by laser irradiation can reach a temperature higher than the normal boiling point. On the other hand, the vapor pressure does not build up as fast and thus falls below the saturation pressure at the surface temperature, resulting in a superheated, metastable state. As the temperature of the melt approaches the thermodynamic critical point, the liquid undergoes a phase explosion that turns the melt into a mixture of liquid and vapor. This article describes heat transfer and phase change phenomena during nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a metal, with an emphasis on phase explosion and non-equilibrium phase change. The time required for nucleation in a superheated liquid, which determines the time needed for phase explosion to occur, is also investigated from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints.
Existence of competitive equilibrium with incomplete markets

Abstract The existence of competitive equilibrium is proved for a model with incomplete futures markets. The security returns in this model are denominated in terms of units which represent certain composite commodities specific to events.
Hypertension secondary to excessive desoxycorticosterone implants or 9-alpha fluorocortisol in salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Practical value of the treatment in a population with high risk of unexplained severe neonatal jaundice, in Bergsma, D., and Hsia, D. y. Y., editors: Bilirubin metabolism in the newborn, Birth Defects: Original Article Series 6(2): 46, 1970. 4. Wilson, J. T.: Phenobarbital in the perlnatal period, Pediatrics 43: 324, 1969. 5. Waddell, W. J.: A method for protein determination based on differential spectrophotometric measurements, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 48: 311, 1956. 6. Lindhart, K., and Waiter, K.: The phosphatases, in Bergmeyer, H. U., editor: Methods of enzymatic analysis, New York, 1965, Academic Press, Inc. 7. Moog, F. : Enzyme development, in Weber, R., editor: The biochemistry of animal development, New York, 1965, Academic Press, Inc. 8. Currarino, G., Neuhauser, E. B. D., Reyersbach, G. C., and Sobel, E. H.: tiypophosphatasia, Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Ther. Nucl. Med. 78: 392, 1957.
Optimal inner city redevelopment with congestion costs

Optimal housing and traffic density for the redevelopment of a fixed inner ring of a city are obtained. Transportation costs include congestion. It is shown that the optimal redevelopment plan differs from a free market redevelopment pattern.
Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon☆☆☆

A detailed experimental investigation of the graphite-liquid-vapor triple point using a 400 W Nd:YAG continuous-wave laser as the heat source was completed and the triple point pressure accurately placed at 107 ± 2 atm (10.8 ± 0.2 MPa). Both X-ray diffraction and detailed microstructure of the recrysallized graphite were obtained to confirm melt. Careful experimental procedures were employed to address some of the remaining uncertainties in previous carbon triple point studies. These included accurate pressure measurements combined with apparatus designed to minimize pressure excursions. Also systematic melt experiments were completed in helium and argon as a function of sample size and laser power density to assure that sufficient power was available to produce melt at the triple point pressure and to prove, for the first time, that only carbon vapor was present at the sample surface during melting. Maximum mass loss rates were measured and used to confirm that non-equilibrium pressure excursions were experimentally insignificant. The presence of a bright laser-generated vapor or particle plume interfered with the temperature measurement and prevented the determination of the carbon triple point temperature. Finally, the density of liquid carbon near the triple point was calculated by quantitatively measuring the void fraction and density of the recrystallized melt. This density was found to be 1.37±0.06 g/cm3.