cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Full scale testing and development of wood-steel composite shear walls

Abstract Modern building designs often feature open floor plans and large shear wall openings, which can be difficult to achieve using light-frame construction. This study explores a new type of shear wall, called the Wood-Steel Composite Shear Wall (WSCSW) that has high shear strength per unit length, good ductility, and a relatively narrow 2:1 aspect ratio. The WSCSW is constructed of a thin gauge steel web plate surrounded by a stiff wood-steel composite boundary frame. Under lateral load, the web plate buckles and then provides resistance through tension field action. The conceptual development of the system is presented for two full-scale prototype designs that have different base connection design philosophies. One design featured an elastic boundary condition to increase shear deformation of the web plate, while the other featured an inelastic boundary condition to minimize the amount of wall overstrength. Both prototypes were experimentally tested using a cyclic loading protocol and the test results were analyzed. It was found that the shear strength per unit length of the WSCSWs is 3 to 6 times larger than that of code-approved wood frame shear walls. Additionally, Equations are presented to predict the WSCSW shear strength and tension field angle within 10% of the experimental results. The investigation into the base connection designs determined than an elastic hold-down design is more desirable than an inelastic one to force greater shear deformation of the web plate.
Barriers and Facilitators to Collaboration Between Local Health Departments and Schools and Programs of Public Health – A Mixed-Methods Study

Collaboration between local health departments (LHDs) and schools and programs of public health (SPPH) have potential to improve public health practice, education and research. However, little is known about the barriers and facilitators to LHD and SPPH collaboration. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore factors that affect the level of collaboration between LHDs and SPPH. A mixed-methods study was used. LHD characteristics associated with the degree of collaboration with SPPH were identified thorough a survey, and these and other factors were explored through group interviews with LHD practitioners and faculty from SPPH. Proximity, community size, organizational capacity, and goal and process clarity were all found to influence the degree of collaboration. This study highlights needs and opportunities for expanding collaboration between LHDs and SPPH.
Preliminary Study of the Effects of an Innovative Social Cognitive Theory Driven Yoga-Based Behavioral Intervention on Smoking Cessation

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an innovative yoga-based behavioral intervention for smoking cessation based on social cognitive theory and compare it with an existing self-help based program. In both the groups, the antecedents of quitting based on social cognitive theory, namely, selfefficacy for quitting and self-control for quitting were tracked for six months along with self-reported daily consumption of cigarettes, self-efficacy for yoga, and past week performance of yoga behaviors. A valid and reliable 23-item instrument was utilized. The study employed an experimental design. Twenty one participants recruited in this study after informed consent and randomly assigned to the two groups. Seven (33.3%) participants completed the study protocol and one participant who was in the yoga group was successful in quitting smoking. Statistically significant improvements occurred in the social cognitive-theory based yoga group over the self-help group for self-control for quitting (p<0.001) and performance of yoga behaviors (p<0.05). This pilot study suggested that a social cognitive theory based yoga intervention was more efficacious in influencing the antecedents of smoking cessation than a selfhelp approach. This study lends support for developing and testing future interventions regarding the use of yoga as a behavioral method for smoking cessation.
Los programas de lenguaje dual como vía hacia una educación multicultural y plurilingüe

ABSTRACTDual-language programs are gaining popularity in many parts of the United States. These programs are characterized by a compartmentalized use of two languages with the goal of facilitating ...
Response of 864 Patients to Steroids as Primary Therapy for Acute Gvhd at a Single Institution: Day 28 Response Is the Best Endpoint to Predict Transplant-Related Mortality.

Abstract 1134 Poster Board I-156 The optimal primary endpoint for acute GVHD treatment trials has not been established. In a retrospective analysis, we examined the response of 864 patients who received prednisone 60 mg/m 2 for 14 days, followed by an 8 week taper, as initial therapy for acute GVHD from 1990-2007 at a single institution. Complete response (CR), partial response (PR), very good partial response (VGPR), and no response (NR) were scored at day 14, day 28 and day 56 after initiation of steroids. To determine the best endpoint, an index of concordance, the c-statistic (C), was performed to estimate the probability that patients with the better GVHD response will have lower transplant related mortality (TRM) than patients with a worse response. Median patient age was 32 (range, 0.2-69) years; 35% were These data suggest that responses at day 28 or 56 are equally effective endpoints for acute GVHD trials. Day 14 responses cannot as accurately predict TRM. As patients with NR require further therapy in a timely manner, early progression or response by day 28 is the best endpoint to assess efficacy of initial therapy for acute GVHD. Prospective trials are still required to determine the best therapy for different subgroups of patients with acute GVHD, especially those identified to have predictably poor responses and high TRM. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Education, Development, and Capabilities: Appropriating Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed to Challenge Contemporary

This paper argues that a deeper appreciation of the philosophical nature of oppression is required in our age of globalization, science and technology, particularly for rethinking educational systems aimed at social justice, equality and liberation in developing countries. It draws on the inspiring concepts of Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed, which itself is indebted to the philosophical innovation of the philosopher Hegel. The aim of the article is to outline various ways to analyze the requirements for critical consciousness to rise given the dialectical contradiction of scientific and technological progress on the one hand and new forms of alienation that arise from anonymity and the dissolution of the self on the other. At stake is how we understand the process and ends of ‘sustainable development’ to achieve greater inclusion and social justice in a multicultural, pluralistic and intrinsically heterogeneous globalized world.
Postoperative outcomes of Bascom cleft lift for pilonidal disease: A single-center experience

Abstract Introduction Limited data exists regarding outcomes for the Bascom cleft lift procedure for pilonidal disease. Methods Single-center retrospective review of patients who underwent a Bascom cleft lift from 2013 to 2018. Univariate analysis was performed to determine associations between patient-specific characteristics and post-operative complications. Postoperative complications were categorized as major or minor. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of postoperative complications. Results 235 patients were included. Forty-five percent were obese and 24% were active smokers. Minor complications occurred in 34.5% (81); major complications occurred in 19.1% (45). The recurrence rate was 4.7% (11). Smoking was not associated with postoperative complications. Obesity was independently associated with higher rates of both minor (OR 2.6, p = 0.001) and major (OR 2.3, p = 0.001) complications. Discussion Wound complications are common after Bascom cleft lift. Obesity is an independent predictor of postoperative complications. Obese patients should be appropriately counseled regarding their increased risk prior to surgery.
Proteomics Analysis Indicates Greater Abundance of Proteins Involved in Major Metabolic Pathways in Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas than Lactuca serriola Accession US96UC23

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cultivated mainly for its edible leaves and stems, is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Genomes of cultivated lettuce (L. sativa cv. Salinas) and its wild relative L. serriola accession US96UC23 are sequenced, but a clear understanding of the genetic basis for divergence in phenotypes of the two species is lacking. Tandem mass tag (TMT) based mass spectrometry is used to quantitatively compare protein levels between these two species. Four-day old seedlings is transplanted into 500 mL pots filled with soil. Plants are grown for 8 weeks under 250 µmol m-2 sec-1 continuous light, 20 °C and relative humidity between 50-70%. Leaf discs (1 cm diameter) from three individuals per biological replicate are analyzed. A total of 3000 proteins are identified, of which the levels of 650 are significantly different between 'Salinas' and US96UC23. Pathway analysis indicated a higher flux of carbon in 'Salinas' than US96UC23. Many essential metabolic pathways such as tetrapyrrole metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis are upregulated in 'Salinas' compared with US96UC23. This study provides a reference proteome for researchers interested in understanding lettuce biology and improving traits for cultivation.
Les possibilités de désistement assisté pour les femmes enceintes et mères examinées à partir d’un échantillon communautaire

Depuis quelques annees, les chercheurs et les intervenants qui oeuvrent dans le domaine de la supervision communautaire des personnes contrevenantes reclament un nouveau paradigme de surveillance, fonde sur une comprehension du processus de desistement. Le present article examine ce processus a partir d’un echantillon de 28 jeunes femmes enceintes ou meres qui ont des antecedents criminels et des dependances a des substances psychoactives. Leurs experiences sont analysees en fonction des concepts de capital social et de capital humain. Les resultats mettent en evidence les avantages du capital social alors que, dans les faits, ces femmes ont des reseaux sociaux extremement limites, comptant peu de pairs positifs, des familles ayant peu de ressources et, souvent, des relations amoureuses abusives. S’ajoutent a cela les obstacles a l’education et a l’emploi auxquels se heurtent les femmes dont les enfants sont en bas âge. L’analyse se termine par des recommandations pour optimiser l’assistance au desistement et au retablissement des femmes ayant des antecedents criminels et de toxicomanie.
The American Class Action Fairness Act and Forum Shopping American-Style *

This paper looks at the practice of forum shopping in the United States and focuses on the new Class Action Fairness Act which was passed in 2005 and is one of the most sweeping legislative initiatives relating to class action litigation.
Readmissions Following Hospitalization for Infection in Children With or Without Medical Complexity.

Objective To describe the prevalence and characteristics of infection-related readmissions in children and to identify opportunities for readmission reduction and estimate associated cost savings. Study design Retrospective analysis of 380,067 nationally representative index hospitalizations for children using the 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. We compared 30-day, all-cause unplanned readmissions and costs across 22 infection categories. We used the Inpatient Essentials database to measure hospital-level readmission rates and to establish readmission benchmarks for individual infections. We then estimated the number of readmissions avoided and costs saved if hospitals achieved the 10th percentile of hospitals' readmission rates (ie, readmission benchmark). All analyses were stratified by the presence/absence of a complex chronic condition (CCC). Results The overall 30-day readmission rate was 4.9%. Readmission rates varied substantially across infections and by presence/absence of a CCC (CCC: range, 0%-21.6%; no CCC: range, 1.5%-8.6%). Approximately 42.6% of readmissions (n = 3,576) for children with a CCC and 54.7% of readmissions (n = 5,507) for children without a CCC could have been potentially avoided if hospitals achieved infection-specific benchmark readmission rates, which could result in an estimated savings of $70.8 million and $44.5 million, respectively. Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections were among infections with the greatest number of potentially avoidable readmissions and cost savings for children with and without a CCC. Conclusion Readmissions following hospitalizations for infection in children vary significantly by infection type. To improve hospital resource use for infections, future preventative measures may prioritize children with complex chronic conditions and those with specific diagnoses (eg, respiratory illnesses).
The TPNW in Practice: Elements for Effective National Implementation

In the past, states have underestimated the effort required to implement WMD-related treaties. Yet effective national implementation is a prerequisite to upholding agreements and building confidenc...
Association of Receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccine With Presumptive Guillain-Barré Syndrome, February-July 2021.

Importance As part of postauthorization safety surveillance, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified a potential safety concern for Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) following receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine. Objective To assess reports of GBS received in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants Reports of presumptive GBS were identified in a US passive reporting system (VAERS) February-July 2021 and characterized, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and relevant medical history. Exposures Receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine; the comparator was the background rate of GBS in the general (unvaccinated) population that had been estimated and published based on a standardized case definition. Main Outcomes and Measures Presumptive GBS; the reporting rate was analyzed, including calculation of the observed to expected ratio based on background rates and vaccine administration data. Because of limited availability of medical records, cases were not assessed according to the Brighton Collaboration criteria for GBS. Results As of July 24, 2021, 130 reports of presumptive GBS were identified in VAERS following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination (median age, 56 years; IQR, 45-62 years; 111 individuals [86.0%] were Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest a potential small but statistically significant safety concern for Guillain-Barre syndrome following receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. However, the findings are subject to the limitations of passive reporting systems and presumptive case definition, and they must be considered preliminary pending analysis of medical records to establish a definitive diagnosis.
CARBOHYDRATES OF THE LENS IN NORMAL AND PRECATARACTOUS STATES.

The free carbohydrates of the lens are discussed, with particular attention to the normal concentrations. Simple sugar derivatives such as the sugar alcohols are similarly treated. Such metabolic intermediates as the sugar phosphates and the more complex adenosine derivatives are mentioned, as are structural components containing sugar moieties. Experimental procedures, such as special diets, ivhich alter lens sugar levels are briefly outlined. A, .s far as over-all metabolism is concerned, glucose is the most important free hexose in the lens which derives its supply chiefly by diffusion from the aqueous humor. The normal concentration of glucose in the lens, as determined by glucose oxidase on a Nelson-Somogyi filtrate, is rarely above 15 mg. per 100 Gm. At this level a lens removed from contact with its aqueous and vitreous humors uses up about one third of its endogenous store of glucose in five minutes. Unless a lens is well cleaned of adhering humors by rinsing and blotting, contamination by exogenous glucose will make an appreciable error in the value for the lens glucose level. Thus to a large extent the concept of lens glucose is operational and published values must be regarded in the light of the techniques used in preparing the lenses. We found that twelve lenses (averaging 240 milli
Role of the RES in lead salt sensitization to endotoxin shock.

Lead salts when administered to experimental animals in doses which by themselves are quite innocuous render the lead-treated subject markedly sensitive to lethal endotoxicosis as well as other forms of shock (2, 9, 11). A role for the RES in lead-sensitization to endotoxin shock was suggested by the ability of lead acetate to depress the intravascular clearance of colloidal agents (2, 5). Since previous studies from our laboratory have suggested a glucoregulatory role for the RES in resistance to endotoxin shock (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10), the present study evaluated the effect of lead-induced depression of the RES on glucose homeostasis and insulin dynamics.
Compositional control of the mixed anion alloys in gallium-free InAs/InAsSb superlattice materials for infrared sensing

Gallium (Ga)-free InAs/InAsSb superlattices (SLs) are being actively explored for infrared detector applications due to the long minority carrier lifetimes observed in this material system. However, compositional and dimensional changes through antimony (Sb) segregation during InAsSb growth can significantly alter the detector properties from the original design. At the same time, precise compositional control of this mixed-anion alloy system is the most challenging aspect of Ga-free SL growth. In this study, the authors establish epitaxial conditions that can minimize Sb surface segregation during growth in order to achieve high-quality InAs/InAsSb SL materials. A nominal SL structure of 77 A InAs/35 A InA s0.7 Sb 0.3 that is tailored for an approximately six-micron response at 150 K was used to optimize the epitaxial parameters. Since the growth of mixed-anion alloys is complicated by the potential reaction of As2 with Sb surfaces, the authors varied the deposition temperature (Tg) under a variety of Asx flux conditions in order to control the As2 surface reaction on a Sb surface. Experimental results reveal that, with the increase of Tg from 395 to 440 °C, Sb-mole fraction x in InA s1-x Sb x layers is reduced by 21 %, under high As flux condition and only by 14 %, under low As flux condition. Hence, the Sb incorporation efficiency is extremely sensitive to minor variations in epitaxial conditions. Since a change in the designed compositions and effective layer widths related to Sb segregation disrupts the strain balance and can significantly impact the long-wavelength threshold and carrier lifetime, further epitaxial studies are needed in order to advance the state-of-the-art of this material system.
Chapter 32. Perspectives on Human Gene Therapy

Publisher Summary A major obstacle to the treatment of human diseases is the inability to express genes stably at specific sites. Progress in the regulation of eukaryotic transcription and viral gene expression has made it possible to address fundamental questions relevant both to basic biology and to human diseases. Gene transfer technology has also provided access to a variety of recombinant gene products that can be applied to clinical medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Developments and future potential of this technology and its application to human gene therapy are discussed in this chapter. Potential host cells may be derived from the bone marrow, liver, lymphoid system, central nervous system (CNS), and lung. This chapter discusses the new area of gene therapy as a representative example of the potential for gene therapy to impact human diseases. This technology involves the insertion of normal genes into somatic cells to correct an inherited or acquired disorder through the synthesis of missing or defective gene products. Methods have been employed to introduce recombinant genes into the host cells of different organ systems. Efforts toward human gene therapy have focused on providing the correct gene product. The chapter discusses gene transfer vectors, gene transfer into the vasculature, cell-mediated gene transfer, gene transfer in vivo and its biologic effects, and future directions in the application of gene therapy to systemic drug delivery. In any vessel, a limited number of endothelial cells are available. However, it would be necessary to transduce a much larger number of cells to make sufficient gene product to detect it circulating in the blood by transducing cells in the capillary circulation.
Reducing Barriers to Healthcare for Rural Homeless Individuals and Families: Experiences 0f Community Health Nursing Students

Presented at the 2014 International Rural Health & Rural Nursing Research Conference Co-Sponsored by the Montana State University College of Nursing and the Rural Nurse Organization (RN0). DOI : http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14574/ojrnhc.v15i1.377
Effects of fusion zone size on failure modes and performance of advanced high strength steel spot welds

This paper examines the effects of fusion zone size on failure modes, static strength and energy absorption of resistance spot welds (RSW) of advanced high strength steels (AHSS). DP800 and TRIP800 spot welds are considered. The main failure modes for spot welds are nugget pullout and interfacial fracture. Partial interfacial fracture is also observed. The critical fusion zone sizes to ensure nugget pull-out failure mode are developed for both DP800 and TRIP800 using the limit load based analytical model and the micro-hardness measurements of the weld cross sections. Static weld strength tests using cross tension samples were performed on the joint populations with controlled fusion zone sizes. The resulted peak load and energy absorption levels associated with each failure mode were studied using statistical data analysis tools. The results in this study show that the conventional weld size of 4 t can not produce nugget pullout mode for both the DP800 and TRIP800 materials. The results also suggest that performance based spot weld acceptance criteria should be developed for different AHSS spot welds.
Shear-Driven Overturns

Shear-driven overturns are an important mechanism for mixing in most geophysical and many industrial flows. This article summarizes both the physical processes leading to the turbulent state and the properties of the resulting turbulence. Formulae are provided for estimation of the dominant spatiotemporal scales as well as the turbulent fluxes and diffusivities. Keywords: turbulence; mixing; stratified flow; Kelvin–Helmholtz instability; turbulent flux; turbulent diffusivity
SU-E-T-716: Suitability Study of a Unique 3D Dosimeter for Commissioning Radiation Treatment Machines

Purpose: To determine the suitability of a methacrylic acid-based MAGAT gel dosimeter to serve as a 3D commissioning tool Methods: Different sized MAGAT gel dosimeters were fabricated in-house to perform dose response, depth dose and dose rate measurements using an orthovoltage treatment unit. Dose response data were obtained by irradiating dosimeters to six dose levels at three different effective beam energies. Depth dose measurements were taken using one dose at one energy. Dose rate dependence was measured by varying only distances for the gel irradiations while dose level and energy remained unchanged. A Bruker Biospecs 4.7T MRI scanner was used to acquire spin-spin relaxation rates on axial slices at different depths throughout each dosimeter 24h after irradiation. Results: The dose response curves exhibited a separation when compared for the measured energies. MAGAT depth dose data, normalized to ion chamber data at 2 cm depth, showed an increasing divergence with increasing depth. The dose rate decreased when distances were increased and demonstrated a significant dose rate dependence of the measurements. Consequently, dose rate corrections were applied to all measurements, thus, aligning the dose response curves for all three energies and reducing the divergence between MAGAT and ion chamber depth dose data. Conclusion: The MAGAT dosimeter was intended to serve as a 3D commissioning tool for testing radiation treatment plans of small fields with steep dose gradients and complex treatment volumes. A suitable detector for commissioning needs to be dependent on dose but independent of dose rate. This study, however, showed a dose rate dependence of up to 30% eliminating the current composition of MAGAT as a suitable dosimeter. Further investigations of chemical compositions need to be performed.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity in Barrett's esophagus: a potential marker for dysplasia.

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase activity is known to be increased in certain premalignant conditions. We determined the activity of this enzyme in mucosal biopsy specimens from 15 patients with Barrett's esophagus. Ornithine decarboxylase was greater in Barrett's mucosa than in squamous esophageal or gastric mucosa. In Barrett's mucosa from 4 patients with dysplasia, the enzyme activity was greater than in 11 patients without dysplasia (1.6 ± 0.35 vs. 0.19 ± 0.08 U/mg protein; p
Risk perceptions in a resource community and communication implications: emotion, stigma, and identity.

Communication targeting resource communities, sites of potentially damaging industries such as forestry, mining, and logging, requires an understanding of risk perceptions among residents living within these communities. Among concerns facing these communities is social stigmatization, an actual or feared negative psychological experience associated with living in a community with an undesirable industry. This study of a coal-mining resource community was conducted with the purpose of exploring a range of perceptions associated with ongoing exposure to a resource industry, including the experience of social stigma. This study used focus group interviews with stakeholders to highlight the personal voices of the resource community experience. A model of stakeholders’ perceptions of industry risks and benefits is introduced, and important distinctions between hypothetical risk perceptions and perceptions of resource community stakeholders are explored. Implications for communicating with resource communities are also discussed.
Crystalline Rennin in the Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese

Summary Unsuccessful attempts to produce good Cheddar cheese with crystalline rennin led other workers to suggest the cheese-making value of substances other than rennin in rennet extract. Eight three-vat lots of Cheddar cheese were made to compare the effects of crystalline rennin, commercial rennet, and the supernatant resulting from the salt precipitation of about 80% of the clotting activity from rennet extract. The activity of each rennin preparation was measured in a reconstituted substrate (60g. nonfat dry milk in 500ml. 0.01 M CaCl 2 ). Clotting solutions containing equal substrate clotting activities were added to each vat. The cheese, cured at 50° F., was of good quality, and no significant differences were apparent between treatments when graded organoleptically at 2, 10, and 34 wk. Small but consistent differences in soluble nitrogen content were noted. Cheese made with crystalline rennin yielded the highest soluble nitrogen, and that made with the supernatant the lowest. Good-quality Cheddar cheese was produced with crystalline rennin. Other substances in rennet extract were found to be nonessential to the cheese-making process.
STUDY OF THE SOLAR NEUTRINO SURVIVAL PROBABILITY

We present a study of recent solar neutrino data using a Bayesian method. Assuming that only ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ are observed in the Super-Kamiokande experiment our results show a marked suppression of the survival probability at about 1 MeV, in good agreement with ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$-based analyses. When the detection of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ by Super-Kamiokande is taken into account, assuming ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ to ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ oscillations, we find the largest suppression in survival probability at about 8.5 MeV.
Two Plasmodium falciparum ribonucleotide reductase small subunits, PfR2 and PfR4, interact with each other and are components of the in vivo enzyme complex.

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a tetrameric enzyme, composed of two large (R1) and two small (R2) subunits, which regulates the nucleotide balance in cells by controlling the rate-limiting step for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. We have identified a second copy of the small subunit gene, termed PfR4, encoding a 324 amino acid residue polypeptide that shares only 25% identity with the previously identified PfR2 small subunit of Plasmodium falciparum. PfR4 expression is cell-cycle-regulated, and the profile of transcript and protein expression corresponds to that of PfR2. A 1.3 kb PfR4 5′-flanking fragment contained a functional promoter activity. We have detected interaction between PfR2 and PfR4 by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed distinct localization of two small RNR subunits with some colocalization. The association of PfR1 large subunit with PfR4 was detected by GST pull-down assay. This interaction is reduced significantly when using a PfR4 truncated at the COOH terminus, suggesting the involvement of COOH-terminal residues in PfR4–PfR1 interaction. All three RNR subunits co-eluted on a Superose 12 size-exclusion column corresponding to fractions with a molecular mass of around 250 kDa. This suggests the existence of all three RNR subunits in Plasmodium in a native complex of α2ββ′ configuration.
Production of a merodiploid strain from a double male strain of E. coli K12.

A double male strain ofE. coli K12 is capable of siring F′ progeny at a frequency approximately 103 to 105 times greater than that shown by normal Hfr strains. The F′ derivatives are merodiploid for approximately 30% of the standardE. coli map. The F′ element inherited by these progeny is called F20. Anomalies in the donor characteristics of the F′ progeny are explained by a description of the possible recombinant types in which markers heterozygous in the merodiploid strains are reassorted and by an analysis of the concept of the F′ strain. Characterization of the F′ progeny biochemically and morphologically is also discussed.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of etheno adducts of adenine

Abstract We report surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and analysis of several etheno adducts formed from the metabolism of vinyl chloride: 1, N 6 -ethenoadenine, 1, N 6 -ethenoadenosine, and 1, N 6 -etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine. Spectra of the etheno adducts are compared with unmodified adenine and 2′-deoxyadenosine. Chemical group assignments are made for the SERS peaks of these adducts and the limit at which SERS can detect the adducts is assessed. These assignments are compared with SERS analyses of nucleotides and nucleosides.
A discussion of a report by Ehud Shapiro

The paper is an annotated summary of Ehud Shapiro's report, “The Induction of Theories from Facts.” In the view of this author, Shapiro's report forms a very good foundation for work in the field of learning. It gives a clear definition of the term “learning” in a way which both is intuitively acceptable and renders learning algorithms amenable to precise analysis. It also establishes a paradigm for learning algorithms which is precise enough that it can serve as a benchmark for future development as well as for the analysis of presently available algorithms. Cet article est un resume annote du rapport de Ehud Shapiro intitule• The induction of Theories from Facts ≫. Selon l'auteur de cet article, l'ouvrage de Shapiro represente une tres bonne base de travail dans le domaine de l'apprentissage. II renferme une definition tres claire du terme apprentissage qui est a la fois intuitivement acceptable tout en permettant l'analyse precise des algorithmes d'apprentissage. II etablit egalement un paradigme pour les algorithmes d'apprentissage qui est suffisamment precis pour servir de reference dans l'elaboration de nouveaux algorithmes ainsi que dans l'analyse de ceux qui existent presentement.
Annealing of radiation damage in (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) MgO single crystals implanted with Ar+ ions

Abstract The correlation of radiation damage recovery with crystallographic orientation in magnesium oxide (MgO) single crystals during isochronal post-implantation annealing was investigated. Samples of (1 0 0), (1 1 0) and (1 1 1) MgO were implanted with 100 keV Ar+ ions at room temperature and annealed in vacuum at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1300 °C for 3 min. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with ion channeling was used to analyze radiation damage and recovery. The results indicated that the radiation damage was stable up to the annealing temperature of ∼600 °C. At higher annealing temperatures orientation dependent lattice recovery was observed. No complete lattice recovery was achieved, but in (1 1 0) MgO the lattice recovery was more effective than in (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) oriented samples.
Brief communication: Measurement size, precision, and reliability in craniofacial anthropometry: Bigger is better

In this paper we examine the results of an intraobserver measurement error study involving 49 craniofacial variables that ranged in size from less than 1 cm to approximately 20 cm. Repeat measurements were taken on 10 male and 10 female adult subjects (19–59 years old). Our focus is on the relationship between measurement size and measurement error across the 49 variables. We found that the size of the variable showed no relationship with the magnitude of the error as measured by the technical error of measurement. When the error was expressed as a coefficient of relative variation (Malina et al.: Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 23. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1973), this quantity was negatively associated with the size of the measurement. Conversely, reliability (Fleiss: The Design and Analysis of Experiments. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986) was positively correlated with measurement size. We did not find effects of scale (Marks et al.: Am. J. Epidemiol. 130:578–587, 1989) within the individual measurements. Thus, for the range of size of the craniofacial measurements in this study, measurement size must be added to the list of factors such as ease of locating landmarks, measurement technique, and systematic bias in the application of the technique that can affect precision and reliability in anthropometry. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
De Gaulle's France and NATO: An Interpretation

In 1961, therefore, we shall do what we have to do. We shall help to build up Europe, which, by confederating its nations, can and must—for the sake of mankind—become the greatest potential economic, military, and cultural power that has ever existed. We shall help this assembled Europe and its daughter America to reorganize their alliance to better defend the free world and to act together in all parts of the earth.
Self-regulated strategy development at Tier 2 for second-grade students with writing and behavioral difficulties :A randomized controlled trial

Abstract We examined the extent to which strategies instruction, using the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model, would enhance the writing, engagement during writing, and behavior of 44 second-grade students identified as having behavioral and writing difficulties. This study occurred within a comprehensive, integrated, three-tiered model of prevention that included behavioral, social, and academic components. Students were randomly assigned to an experimental or control condition. Students in the experimental condition received SRSD as a Tier 2 intervention. They were individually taught strategies for planning and composing, first for opinion essays and then for stories. Students met with their instructor 3 to 4 times per week for 30-min sessions, spending 3 to 4½ weeks in intervention for each genre. Students in the control group received the regular writing program. SRSD instructed students made significantly greater gains in writing quality and composition elements than control students f...
Negative Cell Cycle Regulation and DNA Damage-inducible Phosphorylation of the BRCT Protein 53BP1

In a screen designed to discover suppressors of mitotic catastrophe, we identified the Xenopus ortholog of 53BP1 (X53BP1), a BRCT protein previously identified in humans through its ability to bind the p53 tumor suppressor. X53BP1 transcripts are highly expressed in ovaries, and the protein interacts with Xp53 throughout the cell cycle in embryonic extracts. However, no interaction between X53BP1 and Xp53 can be detected in somatic cells, suggesting that the association between the two proteins may be developmentally regulated. X53BP1 is modified via phosphorylation in a DNA damage-dependent manner that correlates with the dispersal of X53BP1 into multiple foci throughout the nucleus in somatic cells. Thus, X53BP1 can be classified as a novel participant in the DNA damage response pathway. We demonstrate that X53BP1 and its human ortholog can serve as good substrates in vitro as well as in vivo for the ATM kinase. Collectively, our results reveal that 53BP1 plays an important role in the checkpoint response to DNA damage, possibly in collaboration with ATM.
CFD Study of the Effect of Wall Heat Conduction on Catalytic Combustion in Split and Continuous Monolith Tubes

The optimum length of a monolith tube is one for which near-100% conversion is attained, and at the same time, the catalyst over the entire length of the tube is utilized. In practice, the length is adjusted by stacking monolith plugs end-to-end. In this study, the repercussions of such a practice are investigated numerically with the goal to determine if a tube of length 2L demonstrates the same behavior as two tubes of length L each, stacked end-to-end. Catalytic combustion of methane-air mixture on a platinum catalyst is considered. The studies are conducted using a multi-step reaction mechanism involving 24 surface reactions between 19 species. Two different materials are considered for the walls of the monolith tube, namely silicon carbide and cordierite. Both steady state and transient simulations are performed. Results indicate that the ignition and blowout limits can be significantly different between split and continuous tubes when the wall is made up of a high thermal conductivity material, such as silicon carbide. For steady state combustion, for both wall materials, the point of attachment of the flame to the wall is altered by splitting the tube—the effect being more pronounced for silicon carbide and at relatively high Reynolds numbers. These results imply that axial heat conduction, or lack thereof due to thermal contact resistance, affects ignition and flame stability in catalytic combustion.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Formation of flavans in reactions of 4‐hydroxycoumarin with flavylium salts

4′-Hydroxyflavylium salts react with 4-hydroxycoumarin to form novel flavan derivatives of type 6.
Sodium methyldithiocarbamate causes thymic atrophy by an indirect mechanism of corticosterone up-regulation.

Sodium methyldithiocarbamate (SMD) is an agricultural fumigant-type pesticide commonly used as a pre-plant biocide. SMD is currently listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the third most commonly used conventional pesticide. Previously, SMD has been shown to be immunotoxic in mice. Initial immunotoxicological studies indicated that thymocytes are major targets of SMD or its breakdown products in mice. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this effect was mediated by an SMD-induced stress response. The decrease in thymus weight correlated to a decrease in all thymocyte subpopulations. However, as seen in earlier studies, the double positive (CD4+CD8+) thymocyte subpopulation was more selectively decreased than the other subpopulations. The double negative (CD4−CD8−) and single positive (CD4+CD8− or CD4−CD8+) thymocyte subpopulations decreased in absolute numbers while increasing in percentage of the remaining cells in the thymus after SMD intoxication. In the current study...
Design and simulation of networks for midrange wireless power transfer

This paper presents the design and simulation of an efficient four-coil wireless power transfer (WPT) system using magnetically-coupled resonant circuits (MCRC). Simulations show that a system capable of transmitting power over a transmitter-to-receiver separation of 2m with efficiency exceeding 70% at a frequency of 100kHz.
The phytotronist and the phenotype: Plant physiology, Big Science, and a Cold War biology of the whole plant

This paper describes how, from the early twentieth century, and especially in the early Cold War era, the plant physiologists considered their discipline ideally suited among all the plant sciences to study and explain biological functions and processes, and ranked their discipline among the dominant forms of the biological sciences. At their apex in the late-1960s, the plant physiologists laid claim to having discovered nothing less than the "basic laws of physiology." This paper unwraps that claim, showing that it emerged from the construction of monumental big science laboratories known as phytotrons that gave control over the growing environment. Control meant that plant physiologists claimed to be able to produce a standard phenotype valid for experimental biology. Invoking the standards of the physical sciences, the plant physiologists heralded basic biological science from the phytotronic produced phenotype. In the context of the Cold War era, the ability to pursue basic science represented the highest pinnacle of standing within the scientific community. More broadly, I suggest that by recovering the history of an underappreciated discipline, plant physiology, and by establishing the centrality of the story of the plant sciences in the history of biology can historians understand the massive changes wrought to biology by the conceptual emergence of the molecular understanding of life, the dominance of the discipline of molecular biology, and the rise of biotechnology in the 1980s.
Daily rhythm of plasma corticosterone binding activity in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichiaalbicollis

Abstract There is a bimodal daily rhythm of plasma corticosterone binding activity (CBA) in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis , in the spring migratory condition. Low levels occurred at the beginning (0500) and at the end (2100) of a 16-hour daily photoperiod. Peak CBA occurred at 0900 and 0100, as did peak locomotor activity in this nocturnal migrant. Comparisons of CBA with total plasma corticosteroid concentrations from a previous study of the same group of birds indicate a positive correlation during most of the day but not during the early hours of darkness. The daily rhythm of locomotor activity may account for the rhythm of CBA which, in turn, may be partially responsible for the daily rhythm of plasma corticosteroid concentration.
Mechanical Properties of the Fetal Bovine Bladder Lamina Propria and Their Correlation With Changes in Extracellular Matrix

The urinary bladder is an organ whose purpose is to store urine at low pressure and periodically expel it. This system normally operates at relatively low pressure to protect the kidneys from the deleterious effects of increased pressure. In certain pathologies, this organ can be subject to a decrease in compliance (“stiffening”) and an increase of the storage pressure which causes higher back pressure on the kidney and ultimately results in kidney damage if untreated. Clinically, these pathologies are exemplified in disorders such as myelomeningocele, posterior urethral valves, dysfunctional voiding, and disorders associated with spinal cord injuries. In these disorders, bladder structure is altered and the bladder becomes stiff and noncompliant.© 2008 ASME
It's in our nature: Verbal aggressiveness as temperamental expression

Over the past ten years, a substantial body of research focusing on verbal aggressiveness has accumulated. One major observation emerging from this literature is that some people are more disposed toward aggressive symbolic action than are others. Despite this considerable research effort, why individuals vary in their predispositions toward aggressive communication in interpersonal contexts is not well understood. Current speculation about the origin of verbally aggressive predispositions reflects a long standing paradigm which assigns importance to various learning processes. However, communication scholars have ignored the work of psychobiologists that strongly points to inborn neurobiological bases for human behavior and a trivial impact of environment. In this essay, we propose a theory of verbal aggressiveness supported by the work of psychobiologists as articulated in the temperament literature. We contend that verbal aggressiveness represents expressions of inborn, biological functioning, which is...
Osteoblasts induce osteopontin expression in response to attachment on fibronectin: Demonstration of a common role for integrin receptors in the signal transduction processes of cell attachment and mechanical stimulation

Osteopontin is a predominant integrin binding protein of bone and its expression has been shown to be induced by mechanical stimuli within osteoblasts (Toma et al. [1997] J. Bone Miner. Res. 12:1626-1636). The present studies examined if the cell adhesion would mimic the mechano-transduction that stimulated opn mRNA expression and whether integrin receptors were involved in these processes. Osteopontin mRNA expression was induced three- to four-fold, 24 hours after embryonic chicken calvaria osteoblast attachment to fibronectin (FN), however no induction was observed if the cells were plated on tissue culture plastic alone. Osteopontin mRNA induction in response to cell attachment on FN was dependent on new protein synthesis and the activation of a tyrosine protein kinase(s) but unlike mechano-induction was independent of the maintenance of the cell's microfilament structure. Integrin receptor(s) were shown to be involved in mediating the signal transduction processes of both cell attachment and mechanical stimulation since incubation of osteoblasts with the integrin binding peptide RGDS partially blocked the induction of opn expression in response to both stimuli. Interestingly, incubation of the osteoblasts that were adherent on tissue culture plastic alone with the RGDS peptide lead to an induction in opn expression suggesting that integrin occupancy by itself was sufficient to initiate the signal transduction process that induced opn expression. In order to assess the role of integrin occupancy vs. focal adhesion complex formation that accompanies cell attachment, in the signal transduction process that induces opn expression, receptor clustering was stimulated pharmacologically with bombesin or lysophosphatidic acid in osteoblasts attached to tissue culture plastic. Neither compound in the absence of occupancy of the integrin receptors was capable of stimulating opn expression in attached cells, however if the cells were placed in suspension pharmacological mediation of receptor clustering and integrin occupancy were additive in their effect of inducing opn expression. These data demonstrate that induction of opn expression by mechanical stimuli and cell attachment are commonly mediated through integrin receptor(s). However, when cells are attached receptor clustering alone which accompanies focal adhesion formation was incapable of mediating signal transduction suggesting that receptor occupancy was a prerequisite to the signal transduction process that leads to the induction of opn mRNA expression.