cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel organometallic fullerene complexes for vehicular hydrogen storage

Theoretical studies have predicted that scandium can bind to the twelve five-membered rings in C 60 . It is then possible to stabilize four dihydrogen ligands (H 2 ) on each Sc atom with a binding energy of ∼30 kJ/mol, ideal for vehicular hydrogen storage. The resulting C 60 [ScH 2 (H 2 ) 4 ] 12 complex is predicted to be a minimum energy structure with ∼7.0 wt% reversible hydrogen capacity. However, wet chemical synthesis of the calculated η 5 -coordinated fullerene complex is unprecedented. The chemistry of C 60 is generally olefinic (i.e., η 2 -coordination, in which the metal is coordinated to two carbon atoms contributing two electrons to the bonding). Furthermore, stabilization of multiple dihydrogen ligands on a single transition metal has not been demonstrated. Recently we have probed new synthesis techniques in order to coordinate C 60 with either Fe, Sc, Cr, Co or Li. The new compounds were characterized with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and structures have been proposed. All of the structures were found to have unique binding sites for hydrogen employing the technique of temperature programmed desorption. Furthermore, some of the structures were shown to have significant hydrogen capacities with volumetric measurements.
A compact architecture for three-dimensional neural microelectrode arrays

A new architecture is presented for achieving three-dimensional electronic interfaces to the nervous system using planar microfabricated two-dimensional arrays. This architecture overcomes many of the limitations of existing approaches and enables flexible electrode configurations with minimal overhead in size. A 64-channel (4×4×4) 3-D array using this architecture is demonstrated with sites on 100μm centers, interfacing with a volume of tissue less than 0.1mm3. The 1mm2 footprint of the device is the smallest ever reported.
General polynomial decomposition and the s-1-decomposition are NP-Hard

In the past few years, much work has been done on the functional decomposition of polynomials. Beginning with the first polynomial time algorithm of Kozen and Landau1 for the decomposition of a univariate polynomial in the “tame” case, significant progress has been made toward polynomial time algoithms for the more general cases: decomposition of multivariate polynomials, and decomposition in the “wild” case.2−8 However it has remained an open problem whether general multivariate decomposition is in P. In this paper, we present a basic form for the general polynomial decomposition problem which encompasses most forms of previously examined decomposition problems, and then prove that the problem is NP-Hard by proving that a sub-problem called the S-1-Decomposition problem is NP-Hard.
Lesbian Body Image Perceptions: The Context of Body Silence

As are all women, lesbians are influenced by Western society's expectations of what a woman should look like. However, they are also influenced by the lesbian subculture. One of the author's aims was to explore how the sociocultural contexts in which lesbians belong influence their perceptions of body image. She purposively selected 20 lesbians and used constant comparative analysis to guide data collection and analyze the resulting transcribed interviews. The internalization of the dominant culture's beauty expectations coupled with the adoption of a lesbian identity caused the participants to contend with a multitude of oppressive mandates from both sociocultural contexts. The author interpreted the outcomes of these oppressions through the lens of stigma theory. The results of the stigma assisted in the development of the context of Body Silence. The study results might serve to provide a better understanding of lesbian body image as an important component of lesbians' mental health.
Na temperature lidar measurements of gravity wave perturbations of wind, density and temperature in the mesopause region

High resolution temperature profiles of the mesopause region above Fort Collins, CO (40.6°N,105°W) were measured with a Na lidar on the nights of March 2–3 and April 15–16, 1990, during the ALOHA-90 campaign. This paper reports the initial scientific analysis of these data which were used to compute (1) the altitude profiles of relative atmospheric temperature perturbations, (2) the mean Brunt-Vaisala frequency in the mesopause region, and (3) the vertical shear variance of horizontal winds. On March 2–3 and April 15–16, the rms temperature perturbations were 5.7% and 7.1%, the average Brunt-Vaisala periods were 4.9 min and 4.6 min, and the wind shear variances were 878 (ms−1/km)² and 967 (ms−1/km)², respectively.
Specific inhibition of the binding of the taste stimulus, L-alanine, by sulphydryl reagents, in Ictalurus punctatus.

Abstract 1. 1. Taste receptors for l -alanine and l -arginine in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , are differentially reactive to N -ethylmaleimide (NEM) and p -chloromercuribenzenesulphonic acid ( p CMBS). 2. 2. The binCling of l -[ 3 H]alanine by a sedimentable membrane fraction (Fraction P2) isolated from taste epithelium was inhibited by both NEM and pCMBS while the binCling of l [ 3 H]arginine was unaffected. 3. 3. Inhibition of the binCling of l -[ 3 H]alanine by p CMBS was reversible with dithiothreitol (DTT). 4. 4. NEM (10 −3 M) inhibited multi-unit neural reponses to both 10 −4 M l -alanine and 10 −4 M l -arginine, while p CMBS had little effect on neural responses. 5. 5. Pretreatment of intact taste epithelium before the preparation of Fraction P2 with NEM caused strong inhibition of l -[ 3 H]alanine binCling, while pretreatment with p CMBS caused weak inhibition. 6. 6. The presence of l -alanine during the reaction of p CMBS or NEM with taste plasma membranes did not substantially protect against the inhibition of l [ 3 H]alanine binding.
Characterization of MarR Superrepressor Mutants

MarR negatively regulates expression of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli. Superrepressor mutants, generated in order to study regions of MarR required for function, exhibited altered inducer recognition properties in whole cells and increased DNA binding to marO in vitro. Mutations occurred in three areas of the relatively small MarR protein (144 amino acids). It is surmised that superrepression results from increased DNA binding activities of these mutant proteins.
The Chlamydia Protease CPAF Regulates Host and Bacterial Proteins to Maintain Pathogen Vacuole Integrity and Promote Virulence

The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis injects numerous effector proteins into the epithelial cell cytoplasm to manipulate host functions important for bacterial survival. In addition, the bacterium secretes a serine protease, chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF). Although several CPAF targets are reported, the significance of CPAF-mediated proteolysis is unclear due to the lack of specific CPAF inhibitors and the diversity of host targets. We report that CPAF also targets chlamydial effectors secreted early during the establishment of the pathogen-containing vacuole ("inclusion"). We designed a cell-permeable CPAF-specific inhibitory peptide and used it to determine that CPAF prevents superinfection by degrading early Chlamydia effectors translocated during entry into a preinfected cell. Prolonged CPAF inhibition leads to loss of inclusion integrity and caspase-1-dependent death of infected epithelial cells. Thus, CPAF functions in niche protection, inclusion integrity and pathogen survival, making the development of CPAF-specific protease inhibitors an attractive antichlamydial therapeutic strategy.
Corpus gastritis is protective against reflux oesophagitis

BACKGROUND Gastric acid is important in the pathogenesis of reflux oesophagitis. Acid production by the gastric corpus is reduced in corpus gastritis. AIMS To determine whether corpus gastritis protects against reflux oesophagitis. METHODS Patients presenting for elective oesophagogastroduodenoscopy were studied. Two biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, corpus, and cardia and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Diff-Quick II stains. The presence and severity of gastritis were graded according to a modified updated Sydney classification. RESULTS Of 302 patients, 154 had endoscopic signs of reflux oesophagitis. There was no difference between patients with and controls without oesophagitis in the overall infection rates with Helicobacter pylori . Acute or chronic corpus gastritis occurred less often in patients with than those without reflux oesophagitis. Compared with controls, corpus gastritis was less severe in patients with reflux oesophagitis. The presence of acute or chronic gastritis in the corpus was significantly correlated with either type of gastritis in other areas of the stomach. In a multivariate logistic regression, age, sex, smoking status, and the presence of chronic corpus gastritis all exerted a significant influence on the presence of reflux oesophagitis. Chronic corpus gastritis was associated with a 54% reduced risk for reflux oesophagitis. CONCLUSIONS While infection with H pylori alone may not affect the occurrence of reflux oesophagitis, the development of chronic corpus gastritis seems to be protective.
Reducing boarding and alighting accident rates on mixed high and low platform railroad lines through car and station design

Analysis of actual accident experience in the United States from 1995 to 2000 has revealed that railroad commuter services using a combination of high and low level platforms exhibit a higher injury rate in boarding and alighting accidents than systems with either all high or all low platforms. This paper examines the safety features of these different types of station platforms and the corresponding railroad car entranceways used on these systems. New designs that would incorporate features of the lower accident rate high level only or low level only systems are identified and examined. Estimates of the reduction in the number of injuries that would result from use of these designs are made. The connection to other important performance features impacted by the designs are briefly considered, including cost, speed, meeting Americans with Disabilities Act requirements, and compatibility with freight service. Conclusions regarding the incorporation of boarding and alighting accident considerations in the evaluation of the various car and platform design options as rail passenger lines are upgraded or new services introduced are presented.
Fish oil supplementation does not lower C-reactive protein or interleukin-6 levels in healthy adults.

Background The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may prevent a range of chronic conditions through anti-inflammatory actions. However, as clinical trials using these fatty acids for primary prevention are yet unavailable, their putative role in disease prevention rests, in part, on evidence of anti-inflammatory actions in healthy individuals. Objective To investigate in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial whether supplementation with a moderate dose of EPA+DHA reduces common biomarkers of chronic, systemic inflammation in healthy individuals. Methods A total of 261 healthy individuals aged 30–54 years who were free of inflammatory conditions and consumed ≤300 mg per day EPA+DHA were included in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to 18 weeks of either fish oil supplementation providing 1400 mg per day EPA+DHA or matching placebo. Outcome measures were serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. In a substudy, ex vivo cytokine production was measured. Missing data for CRP and IL-6 were estimated using regression imputation. Data analyses conformed to intention-to-treat principles. Results Participant blinding was verified. Red blood cell EPA+DHA increased by 64% in the active treatment group, but serum CRP and IL-6 were not affected by supplementation (P ≥ 0.20). Findings were consistent with and without imputed values and across subgroups. Similarly, EPA+DHA supplementation did not alter ex vivo production of four pro-inflammatory cytokines (P ≥ 0.20). Conclusions Supplementation with 1400 mg EPA+DHA did not reduce common markers of systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Whether this or a higher dose affects other measures of inflammation, oxidative stress or immune function warrants examination.
BuzzWear: alert perception in wearable tactile displays on the wrist

We present two experiments to evaluate wrist-worn wearable tactile displays (WTDs) that provide easy to perceive alerts for on-the-go users. The first experiment (2304 trials, 12 participants) focuses on the perception sensitivity of tactile patterns and reveals that people discriminate our 24 tactile patterns with up to 99% accuracy after 40 minutes of training. Among the four parameters (intensity, starting point, temporal pattern, and direction) that vary in the 24 patterns, intensity is the most difficult parameter to distinguish and temporal pattern is the easiest. The second experiment (9900 trials, 15 participants) focuses on dual task performance, exploring users' abilities to perceive three incoming alerts from two mobile devices (WTD and mobile phone) with and without visual distraction. The second experiment reveals that, when visually distracted, users' reactions to incoming alerts become slower for the mobile phone but not for the WTD.
123 The Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcerations with a Novel Fetal Bovine Dermal Collagen Matrix with a Comparison to PreClinical Animal Studies

Background: Preclinical animal studies with a fetal bovine dermal collagen matrix suggest that fibroblasts quickly populate the material. At the same time there is a rapid ingrowth of new blood vessels. In short, the matrix quickly becomes living tissue. Experience with bioengineered skin constructs and porcine small intestinal submucosal products suggest that the application of a scaffold or matrix may play a role in the healing of venous leg ulcerations in humans. Methods: A fetal bovine dermal collagen matrix (Primatrix) was applied to patients with long-standing venous leg ulcerations. Histologic examination pre and post application with trichrome staining was employed to differentiate matrix from native collagen. Comparisons between animal and human ulcers were made grossly and histologically. Results: In all patients there was rapid formation of granulation tissue with a decrease in the depth of the wound. This was followed by epithelialization and wound closure. The stimulatory effect persisted for approximately 1 month after which time a second matrix was applied. In contrast to the animal study the grafts exhibited “take” in only one of our patients. Histologic examination in both animals and humans suggests a stimulation of native collagen production as well as an initial incorporation of the Primatrix into the wound bed. Conclusion: Primatrix has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical studies and in a series of patients with venous leg ulcerations. The product may function as a scaffold for the ingrowth of cells essential to wound healing. Further investigation in a randomized controlled study setting is recommended. Acknowledgment: TEI Biosciences
Language Outcomes of Late Talking Toddlers at Preschool and Beyond

Abstract Toddlers who demonstrate delayed onset and progression of expressive language in conjunction with otherwise age-appropriate development are often referred to as “late talkers.” For speech-language pathologists who provide early identification and intervention of children who are late talkers, the ability to ascertain whether children ultimately recover or go on to experience difficulties throughout their school years into adulthood is of significant interest. This article summarizes criteria for the identification of late talkers based on research to date, and considers outcomes of late talking toddlers in preschool, kindergarten, and beyond.
Program, Policy, and Price Interventions for Tobacco Control: Quantifying the Return on Investment of a State Tobacco Control Program

Objectives. We examined health effects associated with 3 tobacco control interventions in Washington State: a comprehensive state program, a state policy banning smoking in public places, and price increases.Methods. We used linear regression models to predict changes in smoking prevalence and specific tobacco-related health conditions associated with the interventions. We estimated dollars saved over 10 years (2000–2009) by the value of hospitalizations prevented, discounting for national trends.Results. Smoking declines in the state exceeded declines in the nation. Of the interventions, the state program had the most consistent and largest effect on trends for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. Over 10 years, implementation of the program was associated with prevention of nearly 36 000 hospitalizations, at a value of about $1.5 billion. The return on investment for the state program was more than $5 to $1.Conclusions. The combined program, policy, and price interven...
Evaluation of the Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve and Ensemble delivery system for the treatment of dysfunctional right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits

Synthetic conduits and bioprosthetic valves are used in the treatment of patients with congenital heart disease involving the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary valve. In-situ time-dependent degradation uniformly results in conduit and valve dysfunction. The abnormal hemodynamics imposed by valve and conduit dysfunction have been linked to exercise intolerance, arrhythmia, right heart failure, and sudden death. Starting in childhood, affected patients are subjected to repeated open-heart surgeries to restore valve function and potentially reduce morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement with the Melody Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) has been performed in ≈8000 patients worldwide. The valve and implant procedure provide a far less invasive means of restoring valve and conduit function and allow patients to forego multiple operations. Recent clinical trials have shown excellent and durable results in terms of valve function, relief of obstruction, and improvement in functional class up to 7 years from implant.
Multi-level cluster indicator decompositions of matrices and tensors

A main challenging problem for many machine learning and data mining applications is that the amount of data and features are very large, so that low-rank approximations of original data are often required for efficient computation. We propose new multi-level clustering based low-rank matrix approximations which are comparable and even more compact than Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). We utilize the cluster indicators of data clustering results to form the subspaces, hence our decomposition results are more interpretable. We further generalize our clustering based matrix decompositions to tensor decompositions that are useful in high-order data analysis. We also provide an upper bound for the approximation error of our tensor decomposition algorithm. In all experimental results, our methods significantly outperform traditional decomposition methods such as SVD and high-order SVD.
Drug therapy: Preclinical oncology-reporting transparency needed

Henderson and colleagues previously highlighted the need for more-rigorous standards of preclinical experimental design and reporting metrics. They now build on their earlier work with a meta-analysis of preclinical experiments that examined the efficacy of sunitinib. Their results demonstrate how suboptimal preclinical study designs can prompt unwarranted clinical expectations.
Analysis of the severe accident progression in units 1, 2 and 3 at Fukushima Daiichi

The purpose of this report is to reconstruct the sequence of events of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. The focus is on the technical aspects leading to the core meltdowns, as well as on the physical sequence of the core degradations.
Lipogenesis and cholesterol turnover in the chick as influenced by dietary lithocholic acid.

SummaryLiver slices from chicks ingesting lithocholic acid incorporated more acetate-1-14C and glucose-U-14C into cholesterol and fatty acids than did similar preparations from control chicks. The oxidation of glucose-U-14C and glucose-1-14C by liver slices of lithocholic acid-fed animals was enhanced. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was greater in the liver of lithocholic acid-fed as compared to control chicks, indicating an increased pentose shunt pathway activity. Cholesterol turnover studies demonstrated an increased “half-life” for chicks fed lithocholic acid, 77.7 versus 57.9 hours for lithocholic acid-fed and control chicks, respectively.
Analysis on the Levels of Blood Trace Elements of 253 Children in Fancun Distract of Guangzhou City

To understand the distribution of trace elements of children,the content of 6 elements in blood of 253 children was detenmined.The results showed the Zn and Ca deficiency were universal,Pb was higher.
Stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of V15Cr5Ti in pressurized water at 288°C

The stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility of V15Cr5Ti in pressurized water at 288 °C has been evaluated by constant extension rate tensile (CERT) tests in a refreshed autoclave system. The test environments included high-purity water as well as water containing SO42− and NO3− impurities at a concentration of 10 wppm. Strain rates from 1 × 10−6to 5 × 10−8s−1 and dissolved oxygen levels from < 0.005 to 7.9 wppm were employed. Test times were from 3.2 to 619 h. No stress corrosion cracking was observed under any of the test conditions. These results were analyzed by means of measured electrochemical potentials, available Pourbaix diagram information, and the observed oxidation behavior.
What is the state of play

Increasing numbers of researchers and practitioners in diverse fields around the world are recognizing the power of theater improvization as a way to play and promote human development in a variety...
El ser humano ante la soledad moderna en la poesía de Manuel Altolaguirre

Manuel Altolaguirre (1905-1959), malagueno, hombre de familia, poeta, editor y en sus ultimos anos cineasta, termina recalando en Cuba y Mexico, debido a la huida de la Espana franquista y el exilio. Este autor, en constante relacion con la cultura, inquieto, sensible y de gran humanidad, ha sido recompensado por su trabajo poetico en el ultimo cuarto del siglo XX y a principios del siglo XXI. La relevancia que le fue negada tanto en vida, como postumamente, ha sido recobrada al incluirsele en la llamada Generacion del 27. Relegandolo a un papel secundario en el panorama cultural de su momento y con el agravante de su salida del pais, se desperdicio uno de los poetas mas profundos de la epoca. Este aislamiento, junto con un constante nexo humano hacia su entorno personal y la permanente implicacion de su vida en sus composiciones, dan un cariz realista a su obra, que no pierde el esteticismo y el romanticismo clave en el lirismo del momento. Este analisis de la obra poetica de Altolaguirre hace especial hincapie en sus imagenes y metaforas de corte humano, que se apartan de las corrientes vanguardistas y puramente esteticistas que se producian en las primeras decadas del siglo XX 1 . La produccion de Altolaguirre durante la Guerra Civil Espanola permitira descubrir una obra cargada de vida y conectada plenamente a la situacion y condicion humana de la poblacion comun. Este trabajo desvela el corte realista y comprometido con la sociedad de su poesia; de manera especifica, la preocupacion central de su obra por las personas del mundo moderno y manifiesta como sus inquietudes y reflexiones sobre el individuo se reflejan en su lirica. Finalmente, este estudio explora como el
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF MODEL-BASED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR MULTICOMPONENT AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

Abstract This work presents the results from dynamic modeling and control of an azeotropic distillation system. The model was validated with experimental data from a packed distillation unit. The physically-based process dynamic model, developed in HYSYS, was linked online with the control software used in the process. Model parameters were modified online using a feedback configuration to eliminate the difference between the process and model outputs. The fundamental model was used in the implementation of different control strategies, including a multivariable control strategy using model predictive control (MPC) software Predict Pro, via an inferential control strategy to treat missing process measurements.
India's New Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Regime in the Airline Industry: Changes and Challenges

By 2022, India is forecast to become the third-largest civil aviation market after the U.S. and China. Since 2010, the market has grown 27% per annum domestically and 7.7% internationally. Yet there has been an imbalance in regulatory evolution. Consequently, regulators have been holding back even faster expansion and sustainability of India’s aviation sector. The Indian Government is finally tackling these challenges and proposing reforms via two policies: the National Civil Aviation Policy 2016 and the Consolidated FDI Policy Circular of 2016. The National Policy proposes deregulation of 22 areas in order to remove constraints and foster growth. The FDI Policy proposes relaxing the FDI rules for important sectors including civil aviation. This paper discusses possible changes in the Indian aviation sector resulting from the FDI policy. This includes to what extent joint venture airlines (such as AirAsia India and Singapore Airlines-backed Vistara) can benefit from the new FDI policy. Are the benefits as expansive and significant as discussed in the media? This paper will also analyze the remaining obstacles preventing Indian airlines from flourishing on the international stage.
Proximalization of the Vascularized Toe Joint in Finger Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Reconstruction: A Technique to Derive Optimal Flexion From a Joint With Expected Limited Motion

When used to reconstruct a finger proximal interphalangeal joint, a free toe interphalangeal joint, without modification, cannot meet the motion demands of the finger to allow palm touchdown. This limitation is the direct result of the toe interphalangeal joint having an intrinsic arc of motion that delivers less flexion than that of a normal functioning finger proximal interphalangeal joint. By modifying the inset of the transferred joint to an extra-anatomical more proximal position, this limitation can be overcome. With a mathematical justification highlighted by a clinical illustration, we demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this "proximalization" technique.
Remixing Archival Metadata Project (RAMP) 2.0: Recent Developments and Analysis of Wikipedia Referrals

This presentation covers an analysis of referrals from all Wikipedia pages created using the Remixing Archival Metadata Project (RAMP) tool. It will also feature a demo of the tool, and will highlight some of the recent developments, which include a major overhaul of the interface, more secure Wikipedia log in, easy upload capabilities, and an effective and convenient installation process. With this recent development, we are providing the library community with a tool that is easy to use and install and that offers a convenient way to share data with other communities on a global scale.
Antifungal Targets, Mechanisms of Action, and Resistance in Candida albicans

Antifungal resistance at the gene level has been studied in C. albicans for about a decade now. Cloning of C. albicans genes by homology to resistance genes in S. cerevisiae, and heterologous expression of C. albicans genes in S. cerevisiae has allowed rapid progress in identifying and studying the five major C. albicans genes involved in resistance to clinically used antifungals: ABC transporter genes CDR1 and CDR2, major facilitator efflux gene MDR1, and ergosterol biosynthesis genes ERG11 and ERG3. Analysis of these genes indicates that resistance involves alterations to the enzyme targeted by FLZ, encoded by ERG11, and upregulation of P-glycoprotein-type ABC transporters and major facilitators (MFS) that probably efflux azoles, terbinafine, and perhaps caspofungin. Potential alterations to ERG3 or its regulation have been understudied in C. albicans. Resistant isolates from clinical samples, especially in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), typically display stepwise mutations in more than one of these genes. However, it is clear from in vivo and in vitro studies that mutations of these major genes do not completely account for the evolution of high-level azole resistance in some clinical isolates. More work is needed that is independent of heterologous studies in S. cerevisiae, to identify other genes that contribute to resistance in C. albicans. Very little is understood about reversible, adaptive resistance of C. albicans, despite its potential clinical significance. Most clinical failures to control non-OPC infections occur with in vitro-susceptible strains. There has been important discovery of tolerance mechanisms to azoles. Heterologous studies in S. cerevisiae on regulation of target genes have been less useful, due to differences in regulation in C. albicans. Nevertheless, recent has progress has been made in identifying genes that regulate CDR1 or ERG genes.
Effects of Rider Experience Level on Horse Kinematics and Behavior

Abstract There is little information on behavioral and physical effects of lesson horses being used multiple times a day or ridden by riders of varying levels of skill, leaving lesson program managers with limited information to support horse management and welfare decisions. This study used video analysis to evaluate whether horses exhibited different limb kinematics or patterns of behavior under riders with differing levels of experience, factors that could impact physical effort by the horse. Riders (n = 8) were sorted by skill level (four beginner and four advanced), and horses (n = 8) were sorted by sensitivity level (four reactive and four nonreactive). Then pairs of horses (one reactive and one nonreactive in each pair) and pairs of riders (one beginner and advanced in each pair) were created. The pairs were then used in a repeated 2 × 2 Latin square design. Data were collected at the posting trot, using an English saddle, during the stance phase of single fore and hind footfalls. Multivariate analysis of variance of the kinematic variables revealed no overall trends across the kinematic variables, with only a small number of joints showing near-significant effects. Behaviors were quantified based on a study-specific ethogram and willingness scale, but no differences related to rider skill level or horse sensitivity were identified. Although our data suggest no differences in horse kinematics or behavior between beginner and advanced rider groups of horses ridden at the trot, further trials would be required to test for effects during other portions of the stride cycle, other gaits, or longer durations of locomotion.
4-1: Invited Paper: Mobile AR in Your Pocket with Google Tango

The ideas of ubiquitous always-on AR glasses that enhance your visual experience of the world is an exciting one. While the industry continues to mature the hardware and software technologies necessary for compelling consumer HMDs, we will share what is possible today in a form factor you carry with you everyday: the mobile phone. We will touch on algorithms and sensors that enable end-user facing applications such as measuring tools, shopping, games, and indoor positioning.
H ∞ bumpless transfer under controller uncertainty

The internal model based Hinfin full information steady-state bumpless transfer synthesis procedure is developed and demonstrated to provide near optimal stability and performance robustness for a much larger class of controller uncertainty than the earlier developed LQ state/output transfer, while retaining the same simple transfer operator structure. The method is extended to transfer in the quasi-stationary oscillatory regime by choosing the appropriate internal models.
Estimating the Leaf Area Index of crops through the evaluation of 3D models

Financial and social elements of modern societies are closely connected to the cultivation of corn. Due to the massive production of corn, deficiencies during the cultivation process directly translate to major financial losses. The early detection and treatment of crops deficiencies is thus a task of great significance. Towards an automated health condition assessment, this study introduces a scheme for the computation of plant health indices. Based on the 3D reconstruction of small batches of corn plants, an alternative to existing cumbersome Leaf Area Index (LAI) estimation methodologies is presented. The use of 3D models provides an elevated information content, when compared to planar methods, mainly due to the reduced loss attributed to leaf occlusions. High resolution images of corn stalks are collected and used to obtain 3D models of plants of interest. Based on the extracted 3D point clouds, an accurate calculation of the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the plants is performed. An experimental validation (using artificially made corn plants used as ground truth of the LAI estimation), emulating real world scenarios, supports the efficacy of the proposed methodology. The conclusions of this work, suggest a fully automated scheme for information gathering in modern farms capable of replacing current labor intensive procedures, thus greatly impacting the timely detection of crop deficiencies.
Numerical investigation of stone columns as a method for improving the performance of rocking foundation systems

Abstract Allowing a shallow foundation to rock during an earthquake offers many benefits and importantly has demonstrated potential for improving a system’s overall performance and increased likelihood of rapid post-event recovery. However, when the soil is soft, excessive foundation rotations could induce significant residual or differential settlement, both of which could have a negative impact on the post-event functionality of the structure. This paper aims to study the rocking response of a shallow foundation that is founded in a soft clayey environment and reinforced by stone columns via numerical simulations. The implementation of stone columns is intended to reduce the likelihood of post-earthquake residual deformations. The investigation includes a sensitivity study considering the impact of various stone column material properties and design variables on the performance. Numerical analyses results show that inclusion of stone columns increases the moment capacity, improves the re-centering capability, and reduces residual settlement for a rocking foundation particularly when footings supporting large axial loads are of concern. Parametric study results indicate that the shear modulus and friction angle of the stone column material have a slight influence on the footing’s moment capacity; however, they could substantially affect the residual settlement. Key stone column design parameters, namely; length (both edge columns and central columns) and area replacement ratio, also have a pronounced impact for the seismic response of the reinforced foundation. These results also suggest that shortening the installation length and/or placing a reduced length stone column in the footing central region can optimize the footings performance.
OXTR rs53576 genotype and gender predict trait gratitude

Dispositional gratitude was investigated in 190 (96 M, 94 F) participants with saliva samples genotyped for the oxytocin receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs53576 (112 A-carriers, ...
Hybrid agent-based and graph-based modeling for building occupancy simulation

Various models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of building occupancy, among which the two popular types of models are agent-based models and graph-based models. Agent-based models have the advantage of handling microscopic behavior and heterogeneity while graph-based models have the advantage of computation efficiency when simulating a large number of occupants. In previous work, we developed a graph-based agent-oriented model that incorporates some agent properties into a graph-based model to simulate a large number of occupants in an efficient way. Built on previous work, this paper presents a hybrid agent-based and graph-based modeling approach that supports simulation using agent-based models in certain areas of building occupancy (e.g., intersection areas where occupants have a lot of interactions) and graph-based models in other areas. We describe the structure of the hybrid model and show experimental results that demonstrate different features of the model for building occupancy simulations.
A user configurable implementation of B-trees

The use of B-trees for achieving good performance for updates and retrievals in databases is well-known. Many excellent implementations of B-trees are available as well. However it is difficult to find B-trees that are easily configured and deployed into experimental systems. We undertake an implementation of B-trees from scratch that specifically addresses configurability and deployablility issue. An XML file is used to store as well as document information such as page formats of the nodes of the B-trees and details about the nature of records and keys. The behavior of the tree is encapsulated by commands for creation of B-trees, insertions of records in the tree, and make retrievals via the tree. The XML based configuration together with commands make the deployment and functionality of the tree completely clear and
Vom Maschinennahen zum Objektorientierten Programmieren

Auf den ersten elektronischen Computern seit Mitte der 40er Jahre konnten bereits verschiedene Programme laufen. Steuerbefehle wurden uber ein Programmierbrett eingegeben, auf dem je nach Aufgabe verschiedene Drahte in Steckbuchsen gesteckt werden musten. Jedes Programm bestand aus einem Arrangement von Hunderten von Drahten, das fehleranfallig und nur nach Notizen reproduzierbar war. Spater wurden die Steckverbindungen auf Lochkarten nachgebildet. Das Terminal war nun eine spezielle Schreibmaschine, um entsprechende Locher zu stanzen. Als die Tasten mit Symbolen versehen wurden, war eine Art sprachlicher Reprasentation moglich.
Variability in Color, Cooking Times, and Internal Temperature of Beef Patties under Controlled Cooking Conditions †.

Four studies were performed to document the variability in cooking properties of beef patties when considerable control was exerted on several cooking procedures. Two replications of beef patties produced from the same facility, to the same fat content (10%), and with similar raw materials were panfried to internal temperatures of 68, 71 or 74°C. The second replication required longer (P < 0.05) cooking times to reach designated internal temperatures, appeared less well done and had higher Hunter a* color values than the first replication. Beef patties containing either 10 or 20% fat were used to compare two endpoints of cooking (constant internal temperature, constant cooking time) for two temperatures, 68 and 71°C. Considerable variability was found in degree of doneness for both endpoints of cooking and internal temperatures when constant cooking times were used. Eighteen different formulations of beef patties made with various ingredients were used for evaluating the variability of internal temperatures when cooked for constant times that would reach 71°C or slightly higher. Wide variability in internal temperatures was found for all 18 formulations. Some patties (9.0%) did not reach an internal temperature of 68°C and 1.3% did not reach an internal temperature of 60°C. In evaluating postcooking changes in internal temperature of beef patties cooked by convection oven or panfrying, a 40-s period is available to accurately assess endpoint temperature. The substantial variability in cooking properties observed in these studies clearly demonstrates that mechanisms for controlling cooking properties of patties must be determined.
Refugee Students Arrive at a School: What Happens Next?

As refugee children join classrooms across the world, schools have the opportunity to expand the global education of all students. Students, teachers, administrators, and families may partner together to form supportive environments. This article examines two and a half years in the life of a Maryland elementary school as 62 Burmese refugee students joined the population. Data is presented from both observations and student dialogue journals. The goal of the study was to consider how the interactions between refugee students, refugee families, teachers, and a principal defined a community. These findings may support the development of pedagogy.
Estimating Sparse Covariance Matrix Under Differential Privacy via Thresholding

In this paper, we study the problem of estimating the covariance matrix under differential privacy, where the underlying covariance matrix is assumed to be sparse and of high dimensions. We propose a new method, called DP-Thresholding, to achieve a non-trivial $l_{2}$-norm based error bound, which is significantly better than the existing ones from adding noise directly to the empirical covariance matrix. Experiments on the synthetic datasets show consistent results with our theoretical claims.
Multivariate nanocomposites for electrochemical sensing in the application of food

Abstract Nanocomposite, which is superior to single nanomaterial, has become an excellent modification material for electrochemical sensing. The nanocomposites are divided into three classes namely binary nanocomposite, ternary nanocomposite and multiple nanocomposite. In this review, the constitute and principle of nanocomposites are summarized, and various subtypes of three classes are proposed. The multiple synergistic effects, properties and interactions of nanocomposites are highlighted for the improved performance in the application of food analysis. The future perspectives for multivariate nanocomposites used on food sensors are discussed.
Ordinary Differential Equation Models on Social Networks

In this chapter we consider a number of ordinary differential equation models for diffusion of innovation and epidemiological models. We discuss the classical theory on diffusion of innovation, emphasizing online social networks and analyzing several ordinary differential equation models for innovation diffusion. We also present a number of basic compartment epidemiological models and their applications in online social networks, and finally we discuss SIR models and their extensions when the total population is not constant.
Increased length of stay and hospital charges in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and psychiatric illness.

OBJECTIVES Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in this population contributes to significant healthcare utilization, including emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and ICU care. Comorbid psychiatric illnesses (CPI) are additional risks for increased healthcare utilization. While CPI increased risk for DKA hospitalization and readmission, there are no data evaluating the relationship between CPI and hospital outcomes. We hypothesized that adolescents with T1DM and CPI admitted for DKA have increased length of stay (LOS) and higher charges compared to those without CPI. METHODS Retrospective review of 2000-2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's (HCUP) Kids' Inpatient Databases (KID). Patients 10-21 years old admitted with ICD-9 codes for DKA or severe diabetes (250.1-250.33) with and without ICD-9 codes for depression (296-296.99, 311) and anxiety (300-300.9). Comparisons of LOS, mortality, and charges between groups (No CPI, Depression and Anxiety) were made with one way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and χ2. RESULTS There were 79,673 admissions during the study period: 68,573 (86%) No CPI, 8,590 (10.7%) Depression and 12,510 (15.7%) Anxiety. Female patients comprised 58.2% (n=46,343) of total admissions, 66% of the Depression group, and 71% of the Anxiety group. Patients with depression or anxiety were older and had longer LOS and higher mean charges (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Comorbid depression or anxiety are associated with significantly longer LOS and higher charges in adolescents with T1DM hospitalized for DKA. This study adds to the prior findings of worse outcomes for patients with both T1DM and CPI, emphasizing the importance of identifying and treating these comorbid conditions.
Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors controlling oxytocin receptor gene expression.

The neuropeptide oxytocin regulates mammalian social behavior. Disruptions in oxytocin signaling are a feature of many psychopathologies. One commonly studied biomarker for oxytocin involvement in psychiatric diseases is DNA methylation at the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Such studies focus on DNA methylation in two regions of OXTR, exon 3 and a region termed MT2 which overlaps exon 1 and intron 1. However, the relative contribution of exon 3 and MT2 in regulating OXTR gene expression in the brain is currently unknown. Here, we use the prairie vole as a translational animal model to investigate genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors affecting Oxtr gene expression in a region of the brain that has been shown to drive Oxtr related behavior in the vole, the nucleus accumbens. We show that the genetic structure of Oxtr in prairie voles resembles human OXTR. We then studied the effects of early life experience on DNA methylation in two regions of a CpG island surrounding the Oxtr promoter: MT2 and exon 3. We show that early nurture in the form of parental care results in DNA hypomethylation of Oxtr in both MT2 and exon 3, but only DNA methylation in MT2 is associated with Oxtr gene expression. Network analyses indicate that CpG sites in the 3′ portion of MT2 are most highly associated with Oxtr gene expression. We also identify two novel SNPs in exon 3 of Oxtr in prairie voles and a novel alternative transcript originating from the third intron of the gene. Expression of the novel alternative transcript is associated with genotype at SNP KLW2. These results identify putative regulatory features of Oxtr in prairie voles which inform future studies examining OXTR in human social behaviors and disorders. These studies indicate that in prairie voles, DNA methylation in MT2, particularly in the 3′ portion, is more predictive of Oxtr gene expression than DNA methylation in exon 3. Similarly, in human temporal cortex, we find that DNA methylation in the 3′ portion of MT2 is associated with OXTR expression. Together, these results suggest that among the CpG sites studied, DNA methylation of MT2 may be the most reliable indicator of OXTR gene expression. We also identify novel features of prairie vole Oxtr, including SNPs and an alternative transcript, which further develop the prairie vole as a translational model for studies of OXTR.
Anesthesia for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Procedures

Anesthesiologists play a key role in the perioperative management of patients undergoing TIPS. These patients have highly complex pathology and are subjected to a wide range of physiologic perturbations in the perioperative period. This chapter serves to highlight several of the considerations that must be made when taking care of the TIPS patient. Choice of anesthetic, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management and potential complications are reviewed. Recent advances in the procedure itself have improved on the technique and its safety profile. Additionally, research investigations have focused on identifying the optimal patient populations and disease states for which TIPS can be beneficial. These developments will undoubtedly impact the scope of indications for TIPS as well as the capabilities of interventional radiologists to perform TIPS safely. Further research is needed to identify the optimal anesthetic management strategy for these patients as we have limited data on how intraoperative care may impact both short- and long-term outcomes.