cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MUSCLE ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING SUSPENSION TRAINING EXERCISES.

BACKGROUND Suspension training (ST) has been utilized over exercises performed on a stable surface to train multiple muscle groups simultaneously to increase muscle activation and joint stability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether ST augments muscle activation compared to similar exercises performed on a stable surface. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Twenty-five healthy adults (male: 16; women: 9; BMI: 23.50 ± 2.48 kg/m2) had 16 pre-amplified wireless surface EMG electrodes placed bilaterally on: the pectoralis major (PM), middle deltoid (MD), serratus anterior (SA), obliques (OB), rectus abdominis (RA), gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), and middle trapezius/rhomboids (MT). Each participant performed reference isometric exercises (Sorensen test, push-up, sit-up, and inverted row) to establish a baseline muscle contraction. Muscle activation was assessed during the following exercises: ST bridge, ST push-up, ST inverted row, ST plank, floor bridge, floor push-up, floor row, and floor plank. The root mean square (RMS) of each side for every muscle was averaged for data analysis. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) for each exercise with post-hoc comparisons were performed to compare muscle activation between each ST exercise and its stable surface counterpart. RESULTS MANOVAs for all exercise comparisons showed statistically significant greater muscle activation in at least one muscle group during the ST condition. Post-hoc analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in muscle activation for the following muscles during the plank: OB (p = 0.021); Push-up: PM (p = 0.002), RA (p<0.0001), OB (p = 0.019), MT (p<0.0001), and ES (p = 0.006); Row: MD (p = 0.016), RA (p = 0.059), and OB (p = 0.027); and Bridge: RA (p = 0.013) and ES (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Performing ST exercises increases muscle activation of selected muscles when compared to exercises performed on a stable surface. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1b.
“You Never Know When You Will See Him Again”: Understanding the Intersectional Dimensions of Immigration, Indigeneity, and Language for Unaccompanied Indigenous Minors:

This case explores the complex ways unaccompanied Latinx Indigenous minors experience the intersection of immigration policies and U.S. school policies and practices and the implications this has f...
High-flow oxygen (HFO) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) for refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

9611 Background: Dyspnea is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Few treatments are evidence based because research in this area is difficult. The role of HFO and BiP...
Shock Index as a Marker for Mortality Rates in Those Admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit from the Emergency Department.

Objective Shock index (SI) is defined as the heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure. Studies have shown a correlation between the shock index and mortality in trauma patients in prehospital settings and in the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study was to identify the utility of SI in predicting mortality in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients admitted from the ED and transfers from the floor to MICU. Design We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients admitted to the MICU at our urban trauma hospital between January 2015 through August 2015 using ED vital signs to calculate the shock index and identify inpatient deaths. Similar data were examined for inpatient transfers to the MICU. Results Nine hundred and fifty patients were included in the study; 743 had an SI ≤ 0.99 with a mortality rate of 15.9%. Two hundred and seven patients had a SI ≥ 1.00 with a mortality rate of 22.7%. A higher SI was significant for mortality. There was no statistical significance in SI and mortality rate for patients transferred from the medical floor to the ICU. Conclusions Patients with an SI ≥ 1.00 from initial ED vital signs correlated with a higher mortality rate. In patients transferred from the floor to MICU, SI ≥ 1.00 did not correlate with a higher mortality rate.
Taste preference of Chlorella sp. algae from dairy wastewater by weaned dairy calves

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the taste preference of calves fed Chlorella sp. microalgae produced from dairy lagoon wastewater. Six Holstein dairy heifer calves that were 12 to 14 wk of age (107 ± 3.8 kg of body weight) were fed 0 (control), 30, or 60 g of Chlorella sp. daily, and all calves were fed all treatments in a sequential elimination study. For the 7-d experiment, d 1 to 2 were for diet adaptation and d 3 to 4 were for data collection. During the final 3 d, the primary consumed treatment was removed to determine the second preferred treatment. Calves were ranked for total intake from the consumption of all treatments. The microalgae product used in this study was isolated from dairy wastewater lagoon, and microalgae biomass was produced using outdoor hanging bag bioreactors with Chlorella sp. to recycle the wastewater. The biomass was sterilized and kept frozen at −4°C until fed to calves. Calves were housed individually in hutches with outdoor access under solar panels, with free-choice water. Calves consumed more dry matter from control calf starter (3.4 kg/d) than from the starter with 30 g (2.42 kg/d) or 60 g (1.56 kg/d) of microalgae during the first 2-d period. During the second 2-d period (d 3 and 4), dry matter intake was reduced for the 60 g/d microalgae starter compared with the control and 30 g/d microalgae starters. Five of 6 calves in this study always ranked the control treatment first when given a choice and ranked the 30 g of microalgae starter second choice. Results indicated that microalgae may be added to calf starter; however, calves preferred calf starter without microalgae.
RE-CBT in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence rates have increased by 154% over the past 20 years (CDC, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Surveill Summ 67(6):1–23, 2018). Many children with ASD experience comorbid mental health disorders such as anxiety. Wood and Gadow (Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17(4):281–292, 2010) estimate that 7% to 57% of children with ASD experience anxiety compared to 2.2% to 27% among the general population. The purpose of this chapter is to review assessment tools, developmental factors, and interventions for children with ASD and anxiety. The chapter provides an overview of the emerging research demonstrating the efficacy of using cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches to treat children with ASD and anxiety. Specific examples of efficacious interventions are included, and primary treatment components focus on psychoeducation, cognitive restricting, exposure, and parent therapy. Anxiety has the ability to impact functioning across multiple environments and if left untreated may lead to limited social interactions, difficulties in the school setting, and underemployment as an adult. To demonstrate the use of rational emotive behavior therapy, a case study is presented. To conclude the chapter, an overview of applications to the school setting is discussed.
Distinct cryo-EM Structure of α-synuclein Filaments derived by Tau

Abstract Recent structural studies of ex vivo amyloid filaments extracted from human patients demonstrated that the ex vivo filaments associated with different disease phenotypes adopt diverse molecular conformations distinct from those in vitro amyloid filaments. A very recent cryo-EM structural study also revealed that ex vivo α-synuclein filaments extracted from multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients adopt quite distinct molecular structures from those of in vitro α-synuclein filaments, suggesting the presence of co-factors for α-synuclein aggregation in vivo. Here, we report structural characterizations of α-synuclein filaments derived by a potential co-factor, tau, using cryo-EM and solid-state NMR. Our cryo-EM structure of the tau-promoted α-synuclein filament at 4.0 A resolution is somewhat similar to one of the polymorphs of in vitro α-synuclein filaments. However, the N- and C-terminal regions of the tau-promoted α-synuclein filament have different molecular conformations. Our structural studies highlight the conformational plasticity of α-synuclein filaments, requiring additional structural investigation of not only more ex vivo α-synuclein filaments, but also in vitro α-synuclein filaments formed in the presence of diverse co-factors to better understand molecular basis of diverse molecular conformations of α-synuclein filaments.
Regional Variation in US Land Trust Capacities and Activities Related to Bird Conservation

Land trusts play an important role in private land conservation and afford some level of protection to 230,000 km2 of land across the United States. In this study, we explored the potential for land trusts to contribute meaningfully to bird conservation. Based on survey responses of 626 land trusts, we found substantial regional variation in conservation strategies, barriers, and habitats protected. Land trusts used easements rather than purchasing land (i.e., fee acquisition) most often in the West (50% easement vs. 25% fee) and least in the Northeast (38% vs. 45%). The types of habitats protected also varied in ways that tracked regional patterns in land use and land cover. Across regions, 31% (Northeast) to 63% (Southeast) of land trusts included a city within service areas, highlighting the role land trusts may play in curbing urban sprawl. Land trusts throughout the United States used similar information sources to guide conservation decisions, with bird conservation plans used most frequently in the West (63%) and least in the Northeast (32%). Although roughly half of land trusts engaged in bird monitoring activities, human and fiscal resources were barriers to 60% or more of land trusts in each region. Overall, our study suggests that land trusts have untapped potential to contribute meaningfully to bird conservation and can benefit from engaging with birdwatchers and bird-focused organizations, monitoring birds on their properties, and pursuing grant opportunities related to bird conservation.
Rapid detection of cell death in a bioluminescent human breast cancer cell line subjected to hyperthermia.

5568 This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using a bioluminescence assay for rapid measurement of cell death in luciferase transfected MDA-MB-231-luc-D3-H1 human breast cancer cells subjected to 43°C hyperthermia. Colony formation assay, which takes 7 to 15 days, is the gold standard for in vitro evaluation of cell survival after exposure to radiation, hyperthermia or cancer chemotherapeutic agents. There is a need for more rapid assays which yield results that are closely related to clonogenic survival. MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H1 is a stable luciferase transfected breast cancer cell line, which lends itself to bioluminescent detection and imaging in the presence of D-luciferin. Three different assays of cell viability were used to study the response of MDA-MB 231-luc-D3H1 human breast cancer cells to 43°C hyperthermia treatment, which consisted of immersing sealed 96 well plates containing 10,000 cells per well, in a thermostatic water bath. The relative survival values determined by the three assays differed considerably. Immediate assay after 2 hours at 43°C indicated relative survival values of 30%, 68% and 2% based on clonogenicity, MTT assay and luciferin based luminometry, respectively. When the MTT assay was delayed, to allow cells to proliferate for five days post hyperthermia, the relative cell survival was 34%. The delayed MTT assay, however, covers only a narrow range of cell survival and fails to detect low levels of toxicity. After hyperthermia treatment, MDA-MB231-Luc human breast cancer cells were treated with D-luciferin (150µg/ml) for measurement of bioluminescence using a Xenogen IVIS 200 imaging system. The luminescence was related to the number of viable cells over a wide range (1000 to 500,000 cells per well). The decrease in luminescence was detectable immediately after heat treatment. This decrease was related to the duration of heating at 43°C. When compared to clonogenicity measurements, the luminometric assay overestimated the cytotoxic effect of hyperthermia. In conclusion, relative to the gold standard of clonogenic assays, MTT assay over estimates viability and covers only a narrow range of cytotoxicity, while bioluminescence underestimates viability of cells subjected to hyperthermia. Luminometric assay of response to hyperthermia is rapid in bioluminescent cells, but is not closely related to the clonogenic potential. This suggests that other ATP based assays of cell viability will also overestimate cytotoxicity when compared to clonogenicity assays. Nonetheless luminometric estimate of ATP in cells can be used for rapid screening of cytotoxic regimens. Caution has to be exercised while comparing cell viability results based on different assays. (Supported in part by grant 2 G12 RR003048 from the RCMI Program, Division of Research Infrastructure, National Center for Research Resources, NIH and USMRMC grants DAMD17-03-1-0759, DAMD17-03-1-0123).
Autonomous Vehicle Visual Embodiment for Pedestrian Interactions in Crossing Scenarios: Virtual Drivers in AVs for Pedestrian Crossing

This work presents a novel prototype autonomous vehicle (AV) human-machine interface (HMI) in virtual reality (VR) that utilizes a human-like visual embodiment in the driver's seat of an AV to communicate AV intent to pedestrians in a crosswalk scenario. There is currently a gap in understanding the use of virtual humans in AV HMIs for pedestrian crossing despite the demonstrated efficacy of human-like interfaces in improving human-machine relationships. We conduct a 3x2 within-subjects experiment in VR using our prototype to assess the effects of a virtual human visual embodiment AV HMI on pedestrian crossing behavior and experience. In the experiment participants walk across a virtual crosswalk in front of an AV. How long they took to decide to cross and how long it took for them to reach the other side were collected, in addition to their subjective preferences and feelings of safety. Of 26 participants, 25 preferred the condition with the most anthropomorphic features. An intermediate condition where a human-like virtual driver was present but did not exhibit any behaviors was least preferred and also had a significant effect on time to decide. This work contributes the first empirical work on using human-like visual embodiments for AV HMIs.
On the evaluation of heterogeneous climate change impacts on US agriculture: does group membership matter?

The Ricardian literature has only a handful of contributions addressing the presence of spatial heterogeneity in the marginal effects of climate change on agriculture. Although the majority of these studies offer models with group-specific slope parameters to account for spatial heterogeneity, large discrepancies on which grouping should be preferred still exist. This paper evaluates the extent to which expected future agricultural profits is sensitive to the four pre-determined groupings currently used in the literature. The results indicate that accounting for grouping uncertainty greatly increases the confidence interval around projected climate impacts. In addition, we do not find that one type of grouping is superior to any other. We suggest two potential solutions and emphasize the importance of explicitly controlling for grouping uncertainty in future studies.
What is all the fuss over the microbiome and immunity

The interaction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the microbiome (all the microbes in the lumen of the GIT) has become an increasing area of interest in terms of the effect on the immune system and overall health of cattle. Feed changes (including feed restriction) and dehydration (including water restriction), let alone the use antimicrobials, plus the normal stressors (weather, density, weaning, etc.) all effect both the mucosal epithelial (ME) cells of the GIT and the microbiome. The ME maintain a kill zone barrier to keep out pathogens in concert with the commensal microorganisms (microbiome) and other cells of the immune system. The microbiome functions best when it is in a stable condition resulting in immune homeostasis. Immunoregulation by the ME and microbiome results in the establishment of a mucosal firewall. Disruptions in the microbiome result in dysbiosis, which decreases the kill zone, allows leaky gut, and increases inflammation. This increased inflammation is seen as an important part of pathogenesis of infectious diseases of the GIT, respiratory, and reproductive tract. This inflammation often results in a “cytokine storm”- a perfect storm that involves a physiological component of the GIT along with microbiome changes in the gut (diet change), triggering systemic changes which result in enhanced disease. By improving mucosal barriers and the decreasing stressors, overall health and productivity of the cattle can be enhanced.
Quantitative diffusion MRI of the abdomen and pelvis

Diffusion MRI has enormous potential and utility in the evaluation of various abdominal and pelvic disease processes including cancer and noncancer imaging of the liver, prostate, and other organs. Quantitative diffusion MRI is based on acquisitions with multiple diffusion encodings followed by quantitative mapping of diffusion parameters that are sensitive to tissue microstructure. Compared to qualitative diffusion-weighted MRI, quantitative diffusion MRI can improve standardization of tissue characterization as needed for disease detection, staging, and treatment monitoring. However, similar to many other quantitative MRI methods, diffusion MRI faces multiple challenges including acquisition artifacts, signal modeling limitations, and biological variability. In abdominal and pelvic diffusion MRI, technical acquisition challenges include physiologic motion (respiratory, peristaltic, and pulsatile), image distortions, and low signal-to-noise ratio. If unaddressed, these challenges lead to poor technical performance (bias and precision) and clinical outcomes of quantitative diffusion MRI. Emerging and novel technical developments seek to address these challenges and may enable reliable quantitative diffusion MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. Through systematic validation in phantoms, volunteers, and patients, including multicenter studies to assess reproducibility, these emerging techniques may finally demonstrate the potential of quantitative diffusion MRI for abdominal and pelvic imaging applications.
The Taste and Smell Protocol in the 2011–2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Test–Retest Reliability and Validity Testing

Introduction The US NHANES 2011–2014 protocol includes a taste and smell questionnaire (CSQ) in home-based interviews and brief assessments in mobile exam centers. We report the short- and longer-term test–retest reliability and validity of this protocol against broader chemosensory measures.
How Do Interpersonal Behaviors and Social Categories Affect Language Use?: The Case of Virtual Teams

The present study examined how interpersonal behaviors (i.e., negative communication vs. positive communication) and social categories (i.e., in-group vs. out-group status) influenced language use in short-term virtual teams. One-hundred-sixty participants interacted in four-person teams using a synchronous chat program. The results suggested that having a negatively communicating member in the group was associated with higher linguistic style matching compared to having a positively communicating group member. Negative behaviors were strongly associated with increased word counts and negations (e.g., “no”), whereas positive behaviors were associated with increased use of assents (e.g., “yes,” “ok”). Social categories had no significant effects on linguistic style matching, thus suggesting that language use depended on interpersonal behaviors instead of in-group or out-group status.
The Structure of Erythrocyte Membranes

The membrane proteins of beef erythrocyte ghosts have been fractionated on the basis of their different interactions with lipid. The individual proteins in each fraction have then been characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractions I and II, which were solubilized from the membrane by distilled water and 1.2 M NaCl, respectively, amounted to 46% of the total membrane protein and included virtually all the polypeptide-chains with molecular weights greater than 200000. These proteins must be linked to the membrane by predominantly ionic interactions, indicating that they are extrinsic proteins of the erythrocyte membrane. A considerable proportion of membrane protein (fraction III) was not liberated by distilled water or 1.2 M NaCl but could be separated from lipids by sodium dodecylsulphate, a reagent which disrupts hydrophobic interactions. 10 different polypeptides were identified in this fraction, including four glycoproteins. One polypeptide of molecular weight 87000 accounted for about half of the protein-staining components. The proteins in this fraction are likely to be intrinsic membrane proteins which penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane.
Suboptimal algorithms for worst case identification in H/sup /spl infin// and model validation

New algorithms based on convex programming are proposed for worst case system identification. The algorithms are optimal within a factor of two asymptotically. Further, model validation, or data consistency, is embedded in the identification process. Explicit worst case identification error bounds in the H/sup /spl infin// norm are also derived for both uniformly and nonuniformly spaced frequency response samples. >
The Originalist's Dilemma

In response to Anti-Federalist complaints that the Constitution was dangerous because it was ambiguous, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton argued that judges would construe the Constitution in the same manner that they construed statutes, and in the process would fix the meaning of ambiguous constitutional provisions. In other words, the original understanding was that constitutional ambiguities would be resolved, among other means, through adjudication. During his lengthy tenure, Chief Justice John Marshall had ample occasion to fix constitutional meaning, and he presided over a Court that resolved many constitutional ambiguities according to a nationalistic view of the relationship between the states and the federal government. A majority of the current Supreme Court has consistently advanced an account of the original understanding that is substantially more solicitous of state autonomy. The Marshall Court's nationalistic interpretations of the Constitution pose a dilemma for these originalists: either discount the significance of Marshall Court decisions in order to declare an original understanding that values state autonomy, thus risking infidelity to the original understanding of how constitutional ambiguities would be resolved, or accept the nationalistic implications of Marshall Court decisions and risk undervaluing state autonomy in the quest to define the original understanding. This article presents the results of a study of the Court's treatment in federalism cases since 1970 of Marshall Court decisions. The study demonstrates that the Justices in the federalism majority are substantially more likely to discount the nationalistic implications of Marshall Court decisions - or to ignore them altogether - than are the Justices in the dissent, who are significantly more likely to urge fidelity to the spirit of Marshall Court decisions. The study suggests that the Justices, while professing fidelity to the principles of originalism, have not robustly, or at least consistently, adhered to the original understanding of how constitutional ambiguities would be resolved. More important, the study suggests that one of the principal justifications for originalism - that it will constrain the discretion of judges to impose their own views in the course of decision-making - is overstated. In choosing when to treat a constitutional ambiguity as definitively resolved by a decision of the Marshall Court, a Justice can ignore (or accept) pronouncements of that Court according to how well they correspond not only to the Justice's own conception of the original understanding, but also to the Justice's instrumentalist goals.
Derivation of a brief measure of agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation and aggression (A/A), are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with increased disability, functional impairment, caregiver distress, and institutionalization. Previous psychometric work suggests that individual items of agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) may be a valid measure of A/A in AD. We provide additional confirmation of this subscale, as well as preliminary validation of it as a measure of A/A (the NPI-4-A/A). METHODS: The sample included 641 individuals identified from the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry and assessed to be at a nursing home level of care. Demographic and medical data were extracted from the Registry, and phone interviews were conducted with caregivers to collect additional information not included in the Registry. The primary statistical analysis was confirmatory factor analysis of the NPI-12 factor structure. RESULTS: The standardized root mean residual and root mean square error of approximation (90% CI) values of 0.060 and 0.043 (0.030, 0.057), respectively suggest adequate model fit of the data, whereas the Tucker-Lewis index estimate of 0.779 is below the criteria for adequate model fit. All but two normalized residuals (NR) suggested adequate model fit of the data (|NR| Language: en
Impact Of Graduate Program Delivery Models On Teacher Candidates Success And Perception

In recent years the demographics of individuals pursuing teacher certification has changed. Many individuals with a bachelors degree who are interested in a change of career pursue teaching after receiving a college degree in areas other than teacher certification. Institutions of higher education have made a distinction between their traditional 18 to 22 year old college students and those career changers seeking teacher certification with a completed degree, life experience, and sometimes even experience in the classroom as a substitute teacher or teachers aid, or even a teacher. There are graduate programs designed for these post baccalaureate candidates leading to a degree and certification. In an effort to increase the retention of these non-traditional students and to ensure their success in achieving their goal of becoming a teacher, institutions of higher education have adopted different models of program delivery for non-traditional post-baccalaureate students. One such option of is cohort models in higher education. On some campuses candidates have the option of pursuing their education in a cohort model or traditional model. Does the model of program delivery make a difference in candidates success in achieving their goal of becoming a teacher? Does the model of delivery impact candidates perception about their educational experience? The questions investigated in the research are whether or not there is a difference in performance of students who complete the program in cohort model with those completing the program in traditional model and whether there is a difference of perception of the program between the two groups completing the program.
Pharmacological modulation of GABA B receptors affects cocaine-induced seizures in mice

Rationale Previous data have demonstrated that the convulsant effects of cocaine can be modulated by compounds that increase levels of endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or that directly stimulate GABAA receptors.
Novel Through-Silicon-Via Inductor-Based On-Chip DC-DC Converter Designs in 3D ICs

There has been a tremendous research effort in recent years to move DC-DC converters on chip for enhanced performance. However, a major limiting factor to implementing on-chip inductive DC-DC converters is the large area overhead induced by spiral inductors. Thus, we propose using through-silicon-vias (TSVs), a critical enabling technique in three-dimensional (3D) integrated systems, to implement on-chip inductors for DC-DC converters. While existing literature show that TSV inductors are inferior compared with conventional spiral inductors due to substrate loss for RF applications, in this article, we demonstrate that it is not the case for DC-DC converters, which operate at relatively low frequencies. Experimental results show that by replacing conventional spiral inductors with TSV inductors, with almost the same efficiency and output voltage, up to 4.3× and 3.2× inductor area reduction can be achieved for the single-phase buck converter and the interleaved buck converter with magnetic coupling, respectively.
On Jumping Densities of Hypergraphs

A number $${\alpha\in [0, 1)}$$ is a jump for an integer r ≥ 2 if there exists a constant c > 0 such that for any family $${{\mathcal F}}$$of r-uniform graphs, if the Turan density of $${{\mathcal F}}$$is greater than α, then the Turan density of $${{\mathcal F}}$$is at least α + c. A fundamental result in extremal graph theory due to Erdős and Stone implies that every number in [0, 1) is a jump for r = 2. Erdős also showed that every number in [0, r!/r r ) is a jump for r ≥ 3. However, not every number in [0, 1) is a jump for r ≥ 3. In fact, Frankl and Rodl showed the existence of non-jumps for r ≥ 3. By a similar approach, more non-jumps were found for some r ≥ 3 recently. But there are still a lot of unknowns regarding jumps for hypergraphs. In this note, we show that if $${c\cdot{\frac{r!}{r^r}}}$$is a non-jump for r ≥ 3, then for every p ≥ r, $${c\cdot{\frac{p!}{p^p}}}$$is a non-jump for p.
Exposure to Lysosomotropic Amines and Protease Inhibitors Retard Corneal Endothelial Cell Migration along the Natural Basement Membrane during Wound Repair

Regulation of cell migration along the natural basement membrane during wound repair in the organ culture corneal endothelium was investigated using various lysosomotropic amines and protease inhibitors. Following a circular transcorneal freeze injury, cells within the area die and expose the underlying basement membrane (Descemet's membrane). During normal wound repair, cells traverse this expanse and repopulate the region by approximately 48 h postinjury. During this time, acid phosphatase histochemistry revealed distinct alterations in the lysosomal population of cells that were adjacent to, and migrated into, the wound region. To explore whether relationships may exist between changes in the lysosome population and cell migration, injured endothelia were organ cultured in the presence of either methylamine or chloroquine, two lysosomotropic amines. Methylamine significantly retarded cell translocation (85%) into the injury zone when compared to nontreated controls. In comparison, chloroquine was less effective in restricting injury-induced cell migration and propylamine, also a lysosomotropic amine, had no influence on the repair process. In addition, two serine/thio protease inhibitors, leupeptin and antipain, were both able to impede cell translocation during wound repair by 85 and 52%, respectively, whereas soybean trypsin inhibitor, a serine protease inhibitor, exhibited no inhibitory effect on the repair process. Similarly, incubating injured tissues in either 1,10-phenanthroline or phosphoramidon, both metalloproteinase inhibitors, did not prevent endothelial cell movement nor wound repair. Results indicate that corneal endothelial cell migration along the natural basement membrane is dependent on protease function. Although the precise nature of the proteases involved has yet to be ascertained, results indicate that lysosomal enzymes may have a distinct role in corneal endothelial cell movement along the natural basement membrane during wound repair.
Register port complexity reduction in wide-issue processors with selective instruction execution

As the width of the processor grows, complexity of a register file (RF) with multiple ports grows more than linearly and leads to larger register access time and higher power consumption. Analysis of SPEC2000 programs reveals that only a small portion of the instructions in a program (16% in integer and 38% in floating-point) require both the source operands. Also, when the programs are executed in an 8-wide processor only a very few (two or less) two-source instructions are executed in a cycle for a significant portion of time (more than 98% for integer and 93% for floating-point), leading to a significant under-utilization of register port bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to significantly reduce the number of register ports, with a very minor modification in the select logic to issue only a limited number of two-source instructions each cycle. This is achieved with no significant impact on processor's overall performance. The novelty of the technique is that it is easy to implement and succeeds in reducing the access time, power, and area of the register file, without aggravating these factors in any other logic on the chip. With this technique in an 8-wide processor, as compared to a conventional 128-entry RF with 16 read ports, for integer programs a register file can be designed with 11 or 10 read ports as these configurations result in instructions per cycle (IPC) degradation of only 0.929% and 3.38%, respectively. This significantly low degradation in IPC is achieved while reducing the register access time by 9% and 12%, respectively, and reducing power by 35% and 50%, respectively. For FP programs, a register file can be designed with 12 read ports (1.16% IPC loss, 8% less access time, and 28% less power) or with 11 read ports (3.5% IPC loss, 9% less access time, and 35% less power). The paper analyzes the performance of all the possible flavors of the proposed technique for register file in both 4-wide and 8-wide processors, and presents a choice of the performance and register port complexity combination to the designer.
A corrected valence force field for benzene

Abstract A corrected valence force field for benzene is presented. The force constants have been determined by refining the observed and calculated frequencies of 13 C and deuterated isotopes. The definitions of various force constant interaction terms are clarified.
Increased Basal Activity Is a Key Determinant in the Severity of Human Skeletal Dysplasia Caused by TRPV4 Mutations

TRPV4 is a mechanically activated Ca2+-passing channel implicated in the sensing of forces, including those acting on bones. To date, 33 mutations are known to affect human bone development to different extents. The spectrum of these skeletal dysplasias (SD) ranges from dominantly inherited mild brachylomia (BO) to neonatal lethal forms of metatropic dysplasia (MD). Complexities of the results from fluorescence and electrophysiological studies have led to questions on whether channel activity is a good predictor of disease severity. Here we report on a systematic examination of 14 TRPV4 mutant alleles covering the entire SD spectrum. Expressed in Xenopus oocyte and without any stimulation, the wild-type channel had a ∼1% open probability (Po) while those of most of the lethal MD channels approached 100%. All mutant channels had higher basal open probabilities, which limited their further increase by agonist or hypotonicity. The magnitude of this limitation revealed a clear correlation between the degree of over-activity (the molecular phenotype) and the severity of the disease over the entire spectrum (the biological phenotype). Thus, while other factors are at play, our results are consistent with the increased TRPV4 basal activity being a critical determinant of the severity of skeletal dysplasia. We discuss how the channel over-activity may lead to the “gain-of-function” phenotype and speculate that the function of wild-type TRPV4 may be secondary in normal bone development but crucial in an acute process such as fracture repair in the adult.
Acute coronary occlusion with exercise testing after initially successful coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Exercise testing is frequently performed within several days after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to assess the functional result of the procedure. 1,2 Early stress testing is considered safe, and few complications have been described. Dash 3 reported a case of acute coronary occlusion after early treadmill stress testing necessitating emergency bypass surgery. Herein we describe a patient in whom acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) developed during symptom-limited exercise testing 5 days after angiographically successful PTCA.
Generalizing the problem definition step in the computer simulation of factorial experiments

A simulation system (KUSIM) used at the University of Kansas is described and examples provided. The system permits instructors and students without computer skills to bring computer simulation of psychological experiments into the classroom.
Pre-mRNA Splicing: Awash in a Sea of Proteins

What's in a spliceosome? More than we ever imagined, according to recent reports employing proteomics techniques to analyze this multi-megadalton machine. As of 1999, around 100 splicing factors were identified (Burge et al., 1999); however, that number has now nearly doubled due primarily to improved purification of spliceosomes coupled with advances in mass spectrometry analyses of complex mixtures. Gratifyingly, most of the previously identified splicing factors were found in the recent mass spec studies. Nonetheless, the number of new proteins emerging with no prior connection to splicing was surprising. Without functional validation, it would be premature to label these proteins as bona fide splicing factors. Yet many were identified multiple times in complexes purified under diverse conditions or from different organisms. Another recurring theme regards the dynamic nature of spliceosomal complexes, which may be even more intricate than previously thought.
Erythrocyte choline transport in drug-free and lithium-treated individuals.

The choline (Ch) content of erythrocytes (RBCs) has been reported to be elevated in several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. The present investigation was conducted in order to examine the relationship between in vivo RBC Ch content and Ch flux across the RBC membrane (measured in vitro). To perform the in vitro studies, we measured the outward transport of endogenous Ch (DoCh efflux) and the concomitant inward transport of deuterated Ch (D4Ch influx), in RBCs that were incubated in physiologic media for 24 min at 17°C. Transport of the Ch isotopes was linear during these incubations. In drug-free, psychiatrically normal control subjects, DoCh efflux was inversely correlated with the natural logarithm of in vivo RBC Ch content (r=-0.97, p < 0.001), and there was a nearly significant correlation between D4Ch influx and 1n in vivo RBC Ch content (r=-0.81, p<0.06). In patients with bipolar affective disorder, lithium treatment both inhibited DoCh and D4Ch transport, and substantially elevated in vivo RBC Ch content. However, varying degrees of transport inhibition were produced by this drug in different subjects. Our findings suggest that membrane Ch transport may have a role in the regulation of endogenous RBC Ch content. Studies of membrane Ch transport in RBCs or other types of cells could potentially help to increase our understanding of cholinergic function in psychiatric or neurologic disorders.
Everyday executive function in standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors

We aimed to evaluate parent-rated executive function (EF) in pediatric standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) survivors compared to a healthy comparison (HC) group. We hypothesized that SR-ALL survivors would have greater reported executive dysfunction compared to HC, and that those younger at the time of treatment would demonstrate greater EF difficulties. A sample of 256 SR-ALL survivors evaluated an average nine years after treatment were compared to HC matched for gender, assessment age, and maternal education. Profile analysis was used to compare the groups across EF scales on the BRIEF. The prevalence of clinical elevations in the groups was compared via chi square, and odds ratios were calculated. Regression models were applied to examine the role of age at diagnosis and age at assessment in reported EF. Results indicated that SR-ALL survivors' mean scores of EF are similar to HC, except for flexibility and initiation. Survivors were rated as having clinical impairments with flexibility, initiation, working memory, and emotional control at rates two to three times that of HC. The risk of working memory and self-monitoring deficits was greater in survivors who were older when assessed. There was no relationship between age at diagnosis or treatment regimen on EF. These findings suggest sparing of extensive and severe EF deficits in SR-ALL survivors overall. However, a subset of survivors displays clinically significant executive dysfunction. There appears to be a heightened susceptibility to disrupted metacognitive functions as survivors age. This has implications for how we monitor neurocognitive development and functioning of SR-ALL survivors, and highlights opportunities for cognitive interventions.
Titania−Silica: A Model Binary Oxide Catalyst System

Titania−silica mixed oxides are intriguing catalysts and catalyst supports since their surface reactivities depend strongly on composition and homogeneity of mixing. In this review, the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of titania−silica are described, and important structure/property relationships for these materials are emphasized.
Supersymmetry and Lorentz violation

Supersymmetric field theories can be constructed that violate Lorentz and $\mathrm{CPT}$ symmetry. We illustrate this with some simple examples related to the original Wess-Zumino model.
The effects of inescapable shock on the retention of a previously learned response in an appetitive situation with delay of reinforcement

During Phase 1 of this experiment, all rats received a delay of (food) reward in a straight alley. During Phase 2, rats received escapable, inescapable, or no footshock in an operant chamber. The results, which supported a motivational interpretation of learned helplessness, showed that only inescapable shock reduced speed in a response previously attained (running in the straight alley; Phase 3).
Source of Inflation in Post-Revolutionary Iran

Since the advent of the Iranian revolution in 1978–79, Iran has been experiencing a severe rate of inflation. In this paper we have employed the monetarist model of inflation, augmented with the exchange rate and import prices to identify the determinant of inflation in Iran. Using annual data over the 1959–1990 period and several tests for cointegration, we were able to show that there are at least tow cointegrating vectors among the macro variables. [E3]
Dynamic Variational-Asymptotic Procedure for Laminated Composite Shells—Part II: High-Frequency Vibration Analysis

Shell theories intended for low-frequency vibration analysis are frequently constructed from a generalization of the classical shell theory in which the normal displacement (to a first approximation) is constant through the thickness. Such theories are not suitable for the analysis of complicated high-frequency effects in which displacements may change rapidly along the thickness coordinate. Clearly, to derive by asymptotic methods, a shell theory suitable for high-frequency behavior requires a different set of assumptions regarding the small parameters associated with the characteristic wavelength and time-scale. In Part I such assumptions were used to perform a rigorous dimensional reduction in the long-wavelength low-frequency vibration regime so as to construct an asymptotically correct energy functional to a first approximation. In Part II the derivation is extended to the long-wavelength high-frequency regime. However, for short-wavelength behavior, it becomes very difficult to represent the three-dimensional stress state exactly by any two-dimensional theory; and, at best, only a qualitative agreement can be expected. To rectify this difficult situation, a hyperbolic short-wave extrapolation is used. Unlike published shell theories for this regime, which are limited to homogeneous and isotropic shells, all the formulas derived herein are applicable to shells in which each layer is made of a monoclinic material.
The Effects of Solvent Quality on Some Properties of Thermoplastic Amorphous Polymers Used in Conservation

This paper reviews the effects of solvent quality on the physical “amorphous” polymers applied from solution, with a focupsh yosni craelc epnrto pteesrttiinegs ooff materials used in the conservation of art objects. Because the solvent composition or quality affects the shape and orientation of polymer molecules in solution, the nature of the partly crystalline dry film can also be affected. Thus, the physical and optical properties of a number of polymers have been shown to vary when deposited from solutions of different quality. This phenomenon is specifically related to the desired performance of a coating, adhesive or consolidant used for the conservation of an art object. The effects of “good” or “poor” quality solvents on the physical properties of solution-cast films of poly(vinylacetate) and Acryloid B-72 are discussed. In addition to polymer specific variations due to solvent quality on the glass transition temperature and the tensile properties (strength and elongation), the effects of quantitative amounts of retained solvent on these properties are considered.
Laparoscopic staging of Hodgkin's disease

The role of operative staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease continues to evolve. First described in 1969, the indications for this procedure continue to be redefined. Recent advances in surgical instrumentation have allowed procedures such as cholecystectomy, colon resection, nephrectomy, and splenectomy to be performed laparoscopically. We report a case of a complete staging procedure for Hodgkin's disease including splenectomy, performed laparoscopically. The patient had an uneventful recovery and returned to work 11 days postoperatively. While performing this operation laparoscopically does not alter the indications for the procedure, laparoscopic staging of Hodgkin's disease may result in shorter hospitalization and recovery time while providing complete pathologic staging of subdiaphragmatic disease.
X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Studies of Surfaces and Thin Films

The technique of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) is reviewed as a method for studying the relatively slow dynamics of materials on time scales ranging from microseconds to thousands of seconds and length scales ranging from microns down to nanometers. We focus on the application of this technique to study dynamical fluctuations of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. We first discuss instrumental issues such as the effects of partial coherence (or alternatively finite instrumental resolution) and optimization of signal-to-noise ratios in the experiments. We then review what has been learned from recent XPCS studies of capillary wave fluctuations on liquid surfaces and polymer films, of nanoparticles used as probes to study the interior dynamics of polymer films, of liquid crystals and multilamellar surfactant films, and of metal surfaces, and magnetic domain wall fluctuations in antiferromagnets. We then discuss studies of non-equilibrium dynamics described by 2-time correlation functions. Finally, we briefly speculate on possible future XPCS experiments at new synchrotron sources currently under development including studies of dynamics on time scales down to femtoseconds.