cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP21: Achieving Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood - Do Adolescent Factors Matter?

Introduction: Adults who reach middle age with optimal levels of three physiologic factors – blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose – have lower rates of CVD mortality compared to those with one or more of these risk factors in the non-optimal range. The American Heart Association has identified four healthy lifestyle components – BMI, smoking, diet, and physical activity – important for preserving optimal cardiovascular health as people age. However, which lifestyle components in adolescence are most strongly associated with physiologic markers of cardiovascular health in adulthood is unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantify associations between lifestyle components measured in adolescence and optimal physiologic cardiovascular health in young adulthood. Methods: Analyses included 9,697 young adults, age 24-32 years in 2007-2008, who participated in Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We defined optimal physiologic cardiovascular heath as untreated blood pressure Results: Few young adults (16%, 1,592 of 9,697) had optimal physiologic cardiovascular health. Young adults who had been normal-weighted in adolescence were more likely to have optimal physiologic cardiovascular health (18.4%, 1,382 of 7,206) compared to those who had been overweight (9.4%, 142 of 1,429) or obese (6.9%, 68 of 1,062). In models adjusted for young adult sociodemographic factors, participants who had been overweight or obese as adolescents were less than half as likely as those who had been normal-weighted to have optimal physiologic cardiovascular health in young adulthood (overweight odds ratio (OR) 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.61; obese OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28-0.57). Adolescent tobacco smoking and physical activity were not associated with young adult cardiovascular health. Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy weight in adolescence may be the most important lifestyle factor for reaching young adulthood with optimal physiologic cardiovascular health. Overweight and obese adolescents should be encouraged to achieve a healthy weight through adherence to diet and physical activity goals.
Thermodynamics of the binding of galactopyranoside derivatives to the basic lectin from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetrogonolobus)

The thermodynamics of the binding of D-galactopyranoside (Gal), 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranoside (GalNAc), methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, and methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside to the basic agglutinin from winged bean (WBAI) in 0.02 M sodium phosphate and 0.15 M sodium chloride buffer have been investigated from 298.15 to 333.15 K by titration calorimetry and at the denaturation temperature by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). WBAI is a dimer with two binding sites. The titration calorimetry yielded single-site binding constants ranging from 0.56 +/- 0.14 x 10(3) M-1 for Gal at 323.15 K to 7.2 +/- 0.5 x 10(3) M-1 for GalNAc at 298.15 K and binding enthalpies ranging from -28.0 +/- 2.0 kJ mol-1 for GalNAc at 298.15 K to -14.3 +/- 0.1 kJ mol-1 for methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside at 322.65 K. The denaturation transition consisted of two overlapping peaks over the pH range 5.6-7.4. Fits of the differential scanning calorimetry data to a two-state transition model showed that the low temperature transition (341.6 +/- 0.4 K at pH 7.4) consisted of two domains unfolding as a single entity while the higher temperature transition (347.8 +/- 0.6 K at pH 7.4) is of the remaining WBAI dimer unfolding into two monomers. Both transitions shift to higher temperatures and higher calorimetric enthalpies with increase in added ligand concentration at pH 7.4. Analysis of the temperature increase as a function of added ligand concentration suggests that one ligand binds to the two domains unfolding at 341.6 +/- 0.6 K and one ligand binds to the domain unfolding at 347.8 +/- 0.6 K.
The Impact of Library Resource Utilization on Undergraduate Students' Academic Performance: A Propensity Score Matching Design

This study uses three cohorts of first-time, full-time undergraduate students (N=8,652) at a large, metropolitan, public research university to examine the impact of student use of three library resources (workstations, study rooms, and research clinics) on academic performance. To deal with self-selection bias and estimate this impact more accurately, we used propensity score matching. Using this unique approach allowed us to construct treatment and control groups with similar background characteristics. We found that using a given library resource was associated with a small, but also meaningful, gain in first-term grade point average, net of other factors.
Expression profiling of genes regulated by Fra-1/AP-1 transcription factor during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

The Fra-1/AP-1 transcription factor regulates the expression of genes controlling various processes including migration, invasion, and survival as well as extracellular remodeling. We recently demonstrated that loss of Fra-1 leads to exacerbated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by enhanced expression of various inflammatory and fibrotic genes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which Fra-1 confers protection during bleomycin-induced lung injury, genome-wide mRNA expression profiling was performed. We found that Fra-1 regulates gene expression programs that include: 1) several cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation, 2) several genes involved in the extracellular remodeling and cell adhesion, and 3) several genes involved in programmed cell death. Loss of Fra-1 leads to the enhanced expression of genes regulating inflammation and immune responses and decreased the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, suggesting that this transcription factor distinctly modulates early pro-fibrotic cellular responses.
Plasma and brain lithium levels after lithium carbonate and lithium chloride administration by different routes in rats.

SummaryA study of the absorption and distribution of lithium carbonate and lithium chloride after oral and ip administration has shown that lithium chloride was absorbed more rapidly into the blood than lithium carbonate after ip administration, that lithium chloride given orally is absorbed to a lesser extent than lithium carbonate, and that the patterns of oral and ip absorption of both compounds are similar. We have also shown that the movement of lithium ions into the brain is slow, that only relatively low levels are achieved, and that the lithium brain levels are directly related to and dependant on the magnitude and duration of the plasma levels.
Turning Protesters into Monitors: Appraising Critical Collaboration in the Mining Industry

Academic appraisals of collaborations between transnational mining companies and community organizations are often skeptical, pointing to tenacious imbalances of power among the actors that can result in the corporate capture of the criticism aimed at their operations. This article analyzes a mine fight in the Pacific Northwest that involved a widely publicized protest movement and an unprecedented settlement between the company and the grassroots environmental coalition that had successfully halted a previously proposed mine from opening on the same site. Drawing on ethnographic research, I propose a specific kind of corporate/community relationship—called critical collaboration—that presents a unique opportunity to maintain the autonomy of community groups that work with transnational industries.
The Promise and Challenge of Bioenergy: Discussion

The three papers in this session focus on important issues currently facing the ethanol industry in the United States. They are: (1) the implications of alternative incentive schemes for the production of renewable fuels; (2) the impact on U.S. agriculture of producing 10 billion, 30 billion, and 60 billion gallons of ethanol in 2010, 2020, and 2030, respectively; and (3) a comparison of two methods of organizing the production and harvest of an energy crop. I will comment on each paper in turn. The authors of the first paper provide a conceptual comparison of six alternative approaches to providing incentives for renewable fuels using either subsidies or a renewable fuels standard (RFS). The authors develop two important conceptual results. First, considering two externalities, national security and green house gas (GHG) emissions, they show that a uniform subsidy for two forms of renewable energy with different environmental benefits (such as grain based and cellulosic ethanol) is not an optimal policy. They argue that the subsidy for the two (or more) fuels should be based on their marginal environmental benefits and then illustrate how the difference in
Chirped area coupled resonator optical waveguide gyroscope

We study the transmission of an optical field through a rotating coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) in which the size of the ring resonators changes from one ring to the next. We focus on symmetric integer wavelength chirps of the circumference of the rings relative to the central ring in the array. The transfer matrix method is used to obtain the transmission as a function of the inertial rotation rate Ω resulting from the Sagnac effect. Chirping increases the slope of the oscillations in the transmission as a function of Ω, which can be exploited to further enhance the rotation sensitivity beyond that of a CROW with uniform resonators.
MODULATION RATE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS TO LOW-FREQUENCY CARRIERS IN THREE SPECIES OF CETACEANS

A temporal modulation rate transfer function (MRTF) is a quantitative description of the ability of a system to follow the temporal envelope of a stimulating waveform. In this study MRTFs were obtained from three cetacean species: the false killer whale Pseudorca crassidens; the beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas; and the bottlenosed dolphin Tursiops truncatus, using auditory-evoked potentials. Steady-state electrophysiological responses were recorded noninvasively from behaving, alert animals using suction cup electrodes placed on the scalp surface. Responses were elicited using continuous two-tone (TT) and sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) stimuli. MRTFs were obtained for modulation frequencies ranging from 18–4019 Hz using carrier and primary frequencies of 500, 1000, 4000, and 10000 Hz. Scalp potentials followed the low-frequency temporal envelope of the stimulating waveform; this envelope following response (EFR) was the dependent variable in all experiments. MRTFs were generally low-pass in shape with corner frequencies between approximately 1–2 kHz.
Anecdotes [relocation bits]

Relocation bits, which became necessary when modules could be compiled separately and placed in a library for integration at runtime, are still relevant today. Two letters from 1961 demonstrate the kinds of analysis that led to the evolution of relocation bits in the early years. The first letter discusses a recent proposal made by IB (the SHARE symbol for IBM) to the committee, the history of relocation bits, the reason for various evolutionary decisions, and the new IBM proposal's impact. The second letter suggests a generalization of the proposal, in particular to eliminate the distinction between program and data, as far as loading blocks of information into storage for execution. This was intended to simplify the scheme for relocation bits. This paper documents the state of module relocation at the time.
Quantization of the self-dual Yang-Mills system: Exchange algebras and local quantum group in four-dimensional quantum field theories.

We have constructed a quantum field theory for the self-dual Yang-Mills system in terms of the group-valued fields J^. They satisfy exchange algebras, of which the structure matrices R^ satisfy Yang-Baxter equations. We show that the fields J^ form noncommutative vector spaces of a local quantum group and their products at short distances have nontrivial critical exponents. We obtain the quantum Hamiltonian and equations of motion; identify the generators for their symmetries; and construct the affine-Lie-algebra currents, Virasoro-algebra fields, and hierarchies of linear and nonlinear systems.
Anti-complement immunofluorescence establishes nuclear localization of human cytomegalovirus matrix protein.

Abstract A monospecific, polyclonal antiserum to the 69-kDa matrix protein of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was prepared in a guinea pig and used to determine the intracellular distribution of this viral antigen. The resulting antiserum was specific for infected cells as tested by immunofluorescence, and specific for the HCMV matrix protein as determined by “nitrocellulose immunoassay” of electrophoretically separated, infected-cell proteins. Antibodies were reacted with fixed, infected human fibroblasts, and visualized by the anticomplement immunofluorescence procedure to avoid complications arising from the strong IgG Fc binding activity of the infected-cell-specific cytoplasmic inclusion. Results establish that the matrix protein is located in the nucleus, and indicate that it is concentrated in the nucleoplasm rather than within the intranuclear inclusions.
Characterization of mismatched InAsGaAs heterostructures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Data are presented from an investigation of the thermal stability and interfacial abruptness as a function of growth temperature for InAsGaAs strained layer interfaces grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Transmission electron microscopy data show symmetric abrupt InAsGaAs interfaces at lower growth temperatures and asymmetry at higher growth temperatures. The relationship of the asymmetry to the growth process, and not to interdiffusion, is confirmed by analysis of samples grown at lower temperature and annealed at higher temperatures.
Protective effect of transparent film dressing on proton therapy induced skin reactions

Objective Proton therapy can result in clinically significant radiation dermatitis. In some clinical scenarios, such as lung or breast cancer, the risk of severe radiation dermatitis may limit beam arrangement and prescription doses. Patients undergoing proton therapy for prostate cancer commonly develop mild radiation dermatitis. Herein, we report the outcomes of two prostate cancer patients whose radiation dermatitis appears to have been substantially diminished by transparent film dressings (Beekley stickers).
HABITAT SELECTION AT LOW POPULATION DENSITIES

Much of current habitat-selection theory assumes that individual fitness monotonically declines as a function of density, and that social interactions among settlers are entirely competitive. However, when animals settle at low densities, other fitness distributions (e.g., Allee effects) and positive interactions among settlers (e.g., conspecific cueing) are possible. We developed an individual-based simulation model to explore how habitat selection at low densities is influenced by three factors: (1) the relationship between density and fitness (negative density-dependence vs. Allee distributions), (2) intrinsic habitat quality, and (3) settlement costs. When two habitat patches are identical in quality, Allee and negative density-dependent models differ in two respects: in Allee models, (1) all individuals initially settle in one habitat patch, and (2) some individuals switch habitats as soon as the alternative habitat begins to be colonized. These patterns are accentuated if habitats differ in quality, and in this situation, Allee distributions and differences in habitat quality have comparable effects on settlement patterns. Settlement costs reduce the number of individuals switching habitat patches in Allee models, and if settlement costs decline as a function of density (as in conspecific cueing), settlers aggregate even if fitness declines monotonically with density after settlement is complete. Our results show that many of the patterns currently construed as supporting negative density-dependent habitat-selection models are also predicted by models that incorporate Allee effects or settlement costs and, more generally, suggest new approaches to habitat selection at low population densities.
Comparative evaluation of the fate of disinfection byproducts at eight aquifer storage and recovery sites.

Despite the growth in aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) as a technique for the provision of potable water supplies, quantitative data on the fate of disinfection byproducts that may be present in the injected water remain rare. This study evaluates the data from eight ASR sites in Australia and the United States that cover a wide range of source water compositions, hydrogeological environments, and operating conditions. Rates of attenuation and formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in groundwater were determined using analytical techniques that took dilution effects into account. Half-lives varied by more than 2 orders of magnitude (e.g., 120 days for total THMs) and were both compound- and site- specific. Chloroform was most persistent, and more highly brominated compounds tended to be less persistent, as has generally been found. For any particular THM compound, much of the variability could be explained by contrasts in geochemical conditions within the aquifer since microbial degradation is the primary mechanism for THM attenuation. As such, bounds on the half-life were defined according to the redox state of the groundwater. In situ formation of some THMs in the aquifer after injection was directly observed at a number of sites, and was predicted to have taken place at all sites. The variance in formation estimates was large between the different methods used. Formation may be more common than previously thought because of the low frequency of groundwater sampling after injection and concomitant attenuation and mixing.
Molecular recognition mechanism of peptide chain bound to the tRNA(Lys3) anticodon loop in silico.

The mechanism by which proteins recognize and bind the post-transcriptional modifications of RNAs is unknown, yet these interactions play important functions in biology. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed to examine the folding of the model peptide chain –RVTHHAFLGAHRTVG– and the complex formed by the folded peptide with the native anticodon stem and loop of the human tRNALys3 (hASLLys3) in order to explore the binding mechanism. By analyzing and comparing two folded conformations of this peptide obtained from the folding simulation, we found that the van der Waals (VDW) energy is necessary for the thermal stability of the peptide, and the charge–charge (ELE + EGB) energy is crucial for determining the three-dimensional folded structure of the peptide backbone. Subsequently, two conformations of the peptide were employed to investigate their binding behaviors to hASLLys3. The metastable folded peptide was found to bind to hASLLys3 much easier than the stable folded peptide in the bind...
Local theory of finite-β, collisional drift modes

The stability of the collisional drift-Alfv?n mode, in a shearless magnetic field, is investigated in the local approximation. In the absence of temperature gradients, it is shown that the ?-threshold for stability in a collisional, finite-? plasma is essentially the same as the collisionless results, ? > 0.15.
Influence of centrally administered peptides on ear withdrawal from heat in the rabbit.

Abstract Certain neuropeptides previously linked to stress and implicated in CNS control of analgesia/algesia were tested using a recently developed analgesiometric model, the rabbit ear-withdrawal test. The latency to ear withdrawal increased in a dose-related manner after β-endorphin was injected intracerebroventricularly (IVC). Intermediate doses (0.5 and 1.0 μg) of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) caused hyperalgesia as indicated by decreases in latency. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, 0.5 and 1.0 μg) also caused significant hyperalgesia late in the testing period. α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH, 0.25–2.0 μg), a molecule that shares the first 13 amino acid sequence with ACTH, and somatostatin (0.25–2.0 μg), caused no significant change in latency. However, 1.0 μg doses of each peptide antagonized the analgesic effect of β-endorphin (1.0 μg) in the following order of potency: ACTH = α-MSH > CRF > somatostatin. The results support the idea that CNS peptides that are released during stress can exert opposing actions on acute pain, even though they may cause little effect alone.
A Medium for Detecting Phenol-Degrading Bacteria

Summary. A rapid test for the identification of phenol-degrading bacteria was devised using a medium containing phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy. Degradation of phenol in such a medium was assessed by growth and change in pH value. The results obtained are in agreement with those obtained by methods requiring chemical analysis of phenol in spent culture fluid.
Assessing the combined roles of natural organic matter and black carbon as sorbents in sediments.

We hypothesized that two mechanisms, absorption into natural organic matter and adsorption onto combustion-derived black carbon (BC), act in parallel to bind polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Boston Harbor sediments. To focus on BC-adsorption, we removed the non-BC fraction by combusting near shore sediments at 375 °C for 24 h under air, leaving ca. 16% of the reduced carbon. The isotherm for pyrene sorption onto our combusted sediment was nonlinear with a Freundlich exponent of 0.62 ± 0.12 and a BC-normalized distribution coefficient (μg/kgBC)/(μg/L)n of 106.25±0.14. Pyrene sorption to untreated sediment was reasonably estimated using Kd = foc 104.7 + fBC 106.25 Cw(0.62-1) where foc was the non-BC organic carbon content, 104.7 was the organic carbon-normalized absorption coefficient for pyrene (L/kgoc), fBC was the BC content, and Cw was the dissolved pyrene concentration (μg/L). C/H/N ratios indicated that our environmental BC differed substantially from NIST diesel soot, possibly due to inclus...
438 AGE AND SPECIES-RELATED ADHERENCE OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE TO SMALL INTESTINE AND ISOLATED ENTEROCYTES

438 AGE AND SPECIES-RELATED ADHERENCE OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE TO SMALL INTESTINE AND ISOLATED ENTEROCYTES
TiTe2: Inconsistency between transport properties and photoemission results.

Electronic energy bands of metallic ${\mathrm{TiTe}}_{2}$ are calculated, and the transport masses (n/m${)}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ are evaluated. Comparison with the measured resistivity shows that this is an ordinary metal with a moderate electron-phonon interaction in the usual quasiparticle gas description. However, photoemission line shapes as measured by Claessen et al. are not consistent with this picture, and are used to predict a resistivity that disagrees with experiment. Similarities to high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors are pointed out. Possible resolutions are discussed.
Marked increase in Ia-bearing macrophages during Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

Abstract In this paper, we show that, during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi , there is a dramatic shift in the content of macrophage-bearing I-region-associated antigens (Ia). The percentage of Ia-bearing macrophages in normal peritoneal exudate is about 10%. This number changes to 50 to 100% after T. cruzi infection. The Ia-bearing cells are typical macrophages. Experiments were done attempting to explain the change in the Ia-bearing macrophages. Part of the influx of Ia-positive macrophages is mediated by immune T cells. Furthermore, direct conversion of Ia-negative macrophages to Ia-positive by direct infestation with T. cruzi led to negative results. We speculate that such a dramatic change in the composition of the macrophage may be an important immunoregulatory event in trypanosomiasis inasmuch as Ia-positive cells are essential for most T-cell reactions.
Evolution of instrumentation and techniques for the study of cardiovascular dynamics from the Thirties to 1980, Alza lecture, April 10, 1978.

Milestones in physiology are marked by development of new devices and techniques for dynamic measurements of bodily functions and many of the earliest contributions to instrumentation in all fields of science were made by biomedical scientists. As a result of developments since 1940 stimulated by needs to study the effects of environmental stresses encountered in aerial combat and for accurate diagnosis prior to cardiac surgery, it was possible by the late 1950s to measure practically all of the external functions of the heart and lungs. An unfufilled need still exists, however, for accurate dynamic measurements of the shape and dimensions of the myocardium required to assess the intrinsic status, i.e., the cardiac reserve of a given patient's myocardium. A 28 X-ray source high-temporal resolution cylindrical-scanning computerized tomographic system is being fabricated to meet this need. This system, which will scan synchronously up to 250 parallel cross sections of the body over an axial range of 25 cm within 0.01 sec at a maximum rate of 60 scans/sec, promises to facilitate noninvasive studies of moving organ systems and to have dramatically beneficial effects on clinical diagnosis and health care.
In-situ AFM studies of the phase-transition behavior of single thermoresponsive hydrogel particles.

The volume phase transition (VPT) behavior of individual thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-co-AAc) hydrogel microparticles was studied by in-situ dynamic mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and force spectroscopy during heating and cooling cycles. Hydrogel samples were prepared by electrostatic immobilization of microparticles to amine-modified gold surfaces. The AFM studies of particle deswelling were performed by varying the force applied on the particles during imaging as a function of the geometry and material of the AFM probe. Aluminum-coated silicon cantilevers were found to influence substantially the behavior of the particles during the VPT, leading to a significant shape change. Low force impact magnetic excitation of the AFM probe (MAC mode) during dynamic mode measurements resulted in an undisturbed deswelling behavior enabling observation of the expected volume changes of the particles without significant tip−sample interaction. Hence, MAC-mode AFM was det...
Propagation of fronts and frontogenesis versus frontolysis over orography

Frontal propagation and its evolution over complex terrain features is not well understood. Moreover, one of the major sources of forecast error occurs over the earth's orography. This presentation reviews model studies of frontal interaction with smooth and relatively simple orographic profiles. Emphasis is placed on model predictions, of propagation speed and on the properties of the flow that favor either frontogenesis or frontolysis. The physical processes involved in the front-mountain interaction are isolated, with the aim of providing a basic physical understanding of the interaction process that may be used in the interpretation of more realistic but more complex flow models. Considered are bot homogeneous and density stratified fluid, both two- and three-dimensional orographic features, and both filtered (geostrophic and semigeostrophic) and unfiltered flow models. Potentially important areas of research that may add to knowledge of front-mountain interactions are briefly explored.
Peripheral doses in CyberKnife radiosurgery

The purpose of this work is to measure the dose outside the treatment field for conformal CyberKnife treatments, to compare the results to those obtained for similar treatments delivered with gamma knife or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and to investigate the sources of peripheral dose in CyberKnife radiosurgery. CyberKnife treatment plans were developed for two hypothetical lesions in an anthropomorphic phantom, one in the thorax and another in the brain, and measurements were made with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100 capsules) placed within the phantom at various depths and distances from the irradiated volume. For the brain lesion, gamma knife and 6-MV IMRT treatment plans were also developed, and peripheral doses were measured at the same locations as for the CyberKnife plan. The relative contribution to the CyberKnife peripheral dose from inferior- or superior-oblique beams entering or exiting through the body, internally scattered radiation, and leakage radiation was assessed through additional experiments using the single-isocenter option of the CyberKnife treatment-planning program with different size collimators. CyberKnife peripheral doses (in cGy) ranged from 0.16 to 0.041 % ({+-}0.003%) of the delivered number of monitor units (MU) at distances between 18 and 71 cm from the field edge. These values are two tomore » five times larger than those measured for the comparable gamma knife brain treatment, and up to a factor of four times larger those measured in the IMRT experiment. Our results indicate that the CyberKnife peripheral dose is due largely to leakage radiation, however at distances less than 40 cm from the field edge, entrance, or exit dose from inferior- or superior-oblique beams can also contribute significantly. For distances larger than 40 cm from the field edge, the CyberKnife peripheral dose is directly related to the number of MU delivered, since leakage radiation is the dominant component.« less
MRI depiction of chronic intradural (subdural) hematoma in evolution

The usual chronic subdural hematoma encountered in the elderly is actually thought to be a chronic intradural hematoma, which has been described clinically and anatomically. However, the evolution of how this chronic hematoma occurs remains enigmatic. We report the first magnetic resonance (MR) depiction of an apparent chronic intradural hematoma in evolution over several months in a 61-year-old man after a minimal head injury. The time delay from injury, subsequent focal pachymeningeal T1-gadolinium enhancement, and apparent splitting of the pachymeninges by proven chronic hematoma should serve as a stimulus for further MR investigations of this interesting process.
Čerenkov radiation emission and excited luminescence (CREL) sensitivity during external beam radiation therapy: Monte Carlo and tissue oxygenation phantom studies.

Radiotherapy generates Cerenkov radiation emission in tissue, and spectral absorption features appearing in the emission spectrum can be used to quantify blood oxygen saturation (StO2) from the known absorptions of hemoglobin. Additionally, the Cerenkov light can be used to excite oxygen-sensitive phosphorescence of probe PtG4, whose emission lifetime directly reports on tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2). Thus, it is feasible to probe both hemoglobin StO2 and pO2 using external radiation therapy beam to create as an internal light source in tumor tissue. In this study, the sensitivity and spatial origins of these two signals were examined. Emission was detected using a fiber-optic coupled intensifier-gated CCD camera interfaced to a spectrometer. The phosphorescence lifetimes were quantified and compared with StO2 changes previously measured. Monte Carlo simulations of the linear accelerator beam were used together with tracking of the optical signals, to predict the spatial distribution and zone sensitivity within the phantom. As the fiber-to-beam distance (FBD) varied from 0 to 30 mm, i.e. the distance from the fiber tip to the nearest side of the radiotherapy beam, the effective sampling depth for CR emission changed from 4 to 29 mm for the wavelengths in the range of 600-1000 nm. For the secondary emission (phosphorescence) the effective sampling depth was determined to be in the range of 9 to 19 mm. These results indicate that sampling of StO2 and pO2 in tissue should be feasible during radiation therapy, and that the radiation beam and fiber sampling geometry can be set up to acquire signals that originate as deep as a few centimeters in the tissue.
A study of words relating to youth and old age in the plays of euripides and its special implications for Euripides' Suppliant Women

This study focuses on the imagery of youth and old age in the plays of Euripides, especially the Suppliant Women, considering frequently used words in each play according to a formula developed by Guiraud. The study identifies a motif, the rejuvenation theme, an elaborate interaction between young and old, in the Suppliant Women and in: Alcestis, Heraclidae, Andromache, Hecabe, and Heracles. The differ- ence between the use of neos (young, new) in the Suppliant Women and in the other plays is statistically significant. This word helps Euripides contrast two different kinds of youth: the fearful, rash, and animalistic (Theban); and that which has been properly schooled and led (Athenian). The greatest ground in the Suppliant Women for praising Athens is in her treatment of the young as a politically valuable force.
An attempt to determine stellar Lyman-alpha emission-line fluxes for F stars with different metal abundances

We have studied stellar Ly..cap alpha.. fluxes for F stars of different metal abundances which are presumably older the more metal deficient they are. We describe the correction procedure for the geocoronal emission and our estimate of the correction for interstellar absorption. We find stronger than average Ly..cap alpha.. emission for the Hyades stars and for the two close binaries HR 1354 and ..cap alpha.. Tri.
Recent developments in the virus therapy of cancer.

. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Although there has been significant progress in the areas of cancer etiology, diagnostic techniques, and cancer prevention, adequate therapeutic approaches for many cancers have lagged behind. One promising line of investigation is the virus therapy of cancer. This approach entails the use of viruses, such as retroviruses, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus, to modify tumor cells so that they become more susceptible to being killed by the host immune response, chemotherapeutic agents, or programmed cell death. This review discusses recent advances in the virus therapy of cancer from both basic science and clinical perspectives. Given the potential of viruses to kill tumor cells directly or transduce desired gene products to allow a vigorous host antitumor immune response, the virus therapy of cancer holds great promise in the treatment of cancer.
Determination of off-axis aberrations of imaging systems using on-axis measurements

Imaging aberrations that have linear dependence on field angle are caused by pupil aberrations that can be described using the Abbe sine condition. This well-known relationship is frequently used to guide the design of optical imaging systems. For example, the aberration of coma is eliminated in the design of axisymmetric systems by controlling the pupil distortion, as defined by a standard implementation of the sine condition. An optical system with misalignments of surface irregularities will suffer pupil distortions that are quantified using a more generalized form of the sine condition. Such pupil aberrations create image aberrations that have linear dependence on field angle. While it is possible to infer the state of alignment by measuring multiple field points, it may be more straightforward to perform a single on-axis measurement of the sine condition violations. This paper summarizes the generalized sine condition and relationship between violations of this condition and aberrations with linear field dependence. An application is discussed for measuring sine condition violations of a 4-mirror system, which allows determination of the off-axis aberrations.
A cluster model satisfying limited charge exchange

The distribution function for the production of charged and neutral pions via isoscalar and isovector clusters is developed. The production of the clusters satisfies the limited-charge-exchange constraint, and they decay into from one to four final-state pions. We find that isoscalar-cluster production is suppressed and that the cluster size must vary slowly with the total energy. (AIP)
MALARIAL PIGMENT (SO-CALLED MELANIN): ITS NATURE AND MODE OF PRODUCTION

1. Two important methods for the study of malarial pigment are described. ( a ) A method for obtaining a solution of malarial pigment from fixed tissues without the removal of a trace of hemoglobin from the red blood corpuscles. ( b ) A method for obtaining an iron reaction in malarial pigment. 2. By comparing the bleach reactions and solubility of melanins and malarial pigment, the dissimilarity of the two classes of pigments has been demonstrated. 3. The spectroscopic examination of a solution of malarial pigment proves conclusively that the pigment is hematin. 4. It is suggested that the action of a proteolytic enzyme of the malarial parasite upon the hemoglobin of the red blood corpuscle is the most probable mode of elaboration of malarial pigment. 5. The difficulty with which the human organism disposes of malarial pigment indicates that the production of hematin cannot be considered as a normal intermediate process in the formation of bile pigments from hemoglobin.
Administration of influenza vaccines to patients with egg allergy.

Patients who have generated IgE antibodies to an allergen are at risk for anaphylaxis with systemic exposure to that allergen. Thus patients who have IgE-mediated egg allergy are at risk for anaphylaxis if injected with influenza vaccines containing egg protein. Published studies, however, suggest that this risk is actually quite small, likely because of the very low quantity of ovalbumin in influenza vaccines, and that with appropriate precautions, influenza vaccine can be safely administered, even to patients with severe egg allergy. Egg allergy is relatively common among candidates for influenza vaccination because target groups for the vaccine include those with higher rates of egg allergy, specifically all children and young adults (from 6 months through 18 years for seasonal influenza and from 6 months through 24 years for H1N1 influenza) and all patients with asthma. Of note, the intranasal vaccines are not recommended for children with asthma, and a large percentage of children with egg allergy have asthma.
Structural characterization of niobium-cluster anions from density-functional calculations

We did an extensive search for the lowest-energy isomers of ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{n}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $(n=3--8)$ with a local-spin-density method. We report the calculated optimum geometries for various cluster isomers, and their vibrational frequencies and electron binding energies. We describe two simple ways to account for final-state effects on electron binding energies, based on Slater's transition state method, which yield results consistent with one another and with experiment.
Systematic investigation of crystallization parameters for protein-nucleic acid complexes: application to an active truncated form ofEscherichia coli topoisomerase I

Abstract An experimental strategy to systematically screen possible crystallization parameters for protein:oligonucleotide complexes is described and successfully used in the cocrystallization of a truncated form of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I with an oligo(thymidylic acid) polymer of 8 bases. Crystals are orthorhombic ( a = 65.9A˚, b =74.0A˚, and c = 140.2A˚) and diffract to at least 3A˚resolution.
Influence of alloying additions on the impurity induced grain boundary embrittlement

Abstract We have investigated the influence of Mo as a substitutional alloying addition on the grain boundary embrittlement induced by interstitial impurity P by using the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave total energy/atomic force method within the generalized gradient approximation. With Mo segregated to a clean Fe Σ3(111) grain boundary, the embrittling potency of P increases from +0.19 to +0.88 eV, suggesting a strong detrimental ternary effect in P–Mo couple. Since Mo has a direct strenthening effect of −0.90 eV, the combined effect of a P–Mo couple is −0.02 eV, which confirms the experimental evidence that Mo overcompensates the P embrittlement. Since Mo has a larger atomic size than Fe, it reduces the volume available for P at the grain boundary and hence an increased elastic energy. On the other hand, the strong chemical bonding between Mo and the Fe surface makes the top Fe layers more saturated and hence a weakened vertical P–Fe bonding. Together, they induce a strong embrittling ternary effect in a P–Mo couple. This understanding can also explain the embrittling ternary effect of Mn on P embrittlement and is expected to be applicable to more general cases and instructive in quantum design of ultrahigh-strength alloys.
Precise generalized contact point and normal determination for rigid body simulation

Modeling contact for rigid body simulation requires accurate determination of time of contact, contact points, and contact normals. Existing collision detection methods for rigid body simulation can be grouped into one of three categories: convexity-based discrete methods, a posteriori discrete methods, and continuous methods. Our proposed method combines the advantages of all three types: operating on arbitrary geometric representations, running in asymptotic linear time in the number of polyhedral features, having a parameterizable precision (a variation is guaranteed to miss no collisions), and avoiding simplex/simplex tests that are difficult to implement robustly. The algorithm is demonstrated on a pathological example involving both polyhedra and polygon soups.
Vaporization of a heated liquid into a saturated stream

Abstract Vaporization of a liquid from a heated surface to a saturated nonreactive stream is considered. The surface temperature is sufficiently below the boiling point so that the vaporization rate is controlled by gasphase transport processes rather than heat transfer. For low free-stream temperature, the vapor diffusing from the surface is found to condense through homogeneous nucleation within the thermal boundary layer. The resultant effects are the thinning of the vapor boundary layer and an enhancement in the vaporization rate. The transport of nucleated particles also contributes to the vaporization process. The important particle transport mechanisms are thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion and eddy diffusion. It is found that these mechanisms act in concert within one portion of the boundary layer and in mutual opposition within another portion. A detailed discussion is provided on the influence of free-stream temperature on the vaporization rate, and boundary-layer profiles of vapor mass fraction, supersaturation ratio, nucleation rate and aerosol density.
A Relationship Between Pressure Fields and Flow Patterns During Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Using 2D Phase Contrast MRI

Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) is a disease in which the heart is unable to properly fill the left ventricle before the systolic contraction pushes the blood out of the chamber into the rest of the body [1]. It is frequently characterized by elevated filling pressures within the heart. Over 70 million people in the United States with high blood pressure are at risk for LVDD [2], and numerous studies have shown a link between LVDD and heart failure. However, due to compensatory mechanisms early stage dysfunction can be difficult to diagnose.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Morphological colour change in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) in response to background colour and UV light

Abstract American lobster (Homarus americanus) have a thick calcified cuticle, and do not exhibit rapid colour changes characteristic of other crustaceans. Thus, the plasticity of their coloration has been largely overlooked. Colour in lobsters is determined by the amount, location, and form of the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin, and it is possible for lobsters to alter colour by changing one of these characteristics of astaxanthin deposition. Here, short‐term colour variation in American lobster in response to environmental cues (background colour and ultraviolet (UV) light) was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Lobsters were reared in conditions controlling background colour (white, black) and UV light (present, absent). Digital photographic analysis was used to determine how these conditions influenced the luminescence (light or dark) of lobster colour, as well as the ratio of red to blue hues. Of the environmental variables considered within this experiment, UV light was the predominant factor,...
Inappropriate Feeding Behaviors and Dietary Intakes in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder or Probable Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a leading cause of significant neurobehavioral and neurocognitive deficits. Its potential consequences for eating behaviors, nutritional status, and other nutritional issues in childhood have received little attention. Methods Nineteen children (11 boys, 8 girls) of mean age 9.6 years, referred for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) screening and assessment, were analyzed with physical exams and caregiver questionnaires to identify possible abnormalities in food and eating behaviors. Fourteen children contributed 24-hour diet recalls and were assessed for nutritional status. Results Seventy-nine percent of participants were diagnosed with FASD and 63.2% had confirmed PAE. Fifty percent of girls were overweight or obese, whereas 37% of boys had reduced stature, weight, or body mass index for their age. Recurring feeding problems included constant snacking (36.8%), lack of satiety (26.3%), and picky eating/poor appetite (31.6%). None had oral feeding problems. Constipation was common (26.3%). Macronutrient intakes were largely normal, but sugar consumption was excessive (140 to 190% of recommendations) in 57% of subjects. Vitamin A intake exceeded the upper limit for 64% of participants, whereas ≥50% had intakes <80% of recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for choline, vitamin E, potassium, β-carotene, and essential fatty acids; 100% had vitamin D intakes <80% of the RDA. Conclusions PAE may be associated with altered acquisition and distribution of body mass with increasing age. Disordered eating was common. The increased feeding behaviors surrounding lack of satiety suggest that self-regulation may be altered. Constipation could reflect low dietary fiber or altered gastrointestinal function. These exploratory data suggest that children with PAE may be at risk for nutritional deficiencies, which are influenced by inappropriate food preferences, disordered eating patterns, medication use, and the stressful dynamics surrounding food preparation and mealtime.
Nucleon structure functions from measurements of inelastic neutrino and antineutrino interactions

This paper presents the final results on charged-current neutrino and antineutrino interactions with nuclei from experiment E-310 at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data sample, consisting of 21 578 neutrino-induced and 7358 antineutrino-induced events within the fiducial region in the energy range 20
Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) in an 18-month old-child presenting as malignant hypertension: a case report

The combination of hyponatremia and renovascular hypertension is called hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS). Malignant hypertension as a presentation has been reported in adults with HHS but is rare in children. An eighteen month-old male presented with drowsiness, sudden onset status epilepticus and blood pressure of 210/160. The electrolytes on admission revealed sodium of 120 mEq/L and potassium of 2.1 mEq/L. The peripheral renin activity (PRA) was 172 ng/ml/min (normal 3–11 ng/ml/min) and serum aldosterone level was 91 ng/dl (normal 4 to 16 ng/dl). Patient underwent angioplasty with no success, followed by surgical correction. Two years since the diagnosis, the blood pressure is controlled with labetolol and amlodipine (at less than sixth of the pre-operative dosages). The PRA is 2.4 ng/ml/min and aldosterone 15.5 ng/dl. The child not only had three renal arteries on left but all of them were stenosed which to best of our knowledge has not been described. As uncommon as HHS with malignant hypertension may be in adults it is under-reported in children and purpose of the case report is to raise its awareness.