cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Politics or Professionalism? Budgeting for Bilingual Education:

What drives budgetary support for minority-targeted policies? This question is increasingly salient because the public sector serves numerous minority clientele. One perspective suggests that budge...
Ericoid fungal diversity: Challenges and opportunities for mycorrhizal research

Abstract Ericoid mycorrhiza occur only within the plant family Ericaceae, yet are globally widespread and contribute to carbon and nutrient cycling in many habitats where harsh conditions limit decomposition and plant nutrient uptake. An increasingly diverse range of fungi are recognized as ericoid symbionts and patterns in the distribution of ericoid taxa are beginning to emerge across scales. However, the true diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi remains unresolved due to limited sampling from some regions and challenges associated with delineating mycorrhizal taxa from the broader fungal community associated with ericoid plants. Interpreting patterns in the diversity and distributions of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi will ultimately require improved understanding of their functional ecology and functional diversity, which is currently limited to a few well studied species. Fortunately, many ericoid taxa are amenable to experimental manipulation and continued ericoid mycorrhizal research promises to improve general understanding of the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal symbioses.
Spectral Landscapes: Visualizing Electromagnetic Interactions

Electromagnetic fields are formed through complex interactions between outer space, the Sun, our Earth, its atmosphere, and the built environment. Our communications technology makes use of them to enable the transmission of information at local, global, and even extraterrestrial scales. This article introduces a series of artworks that explore new creative opportunities made possible both via low-cost sensors and through the use of state-of-the-art receivers. The projects engage with the electromagnetic spectrum as a medium of creative expression that maps the invisible landscapes of what Anthony Dunne has termed "Hertzian space."
Description of a new species in the Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica species-group (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)

A new species, Sphaeropthalma nocticaro, is described from Oaxaca, Mexico and Peten, Guatemala. This species is placed into the S. pensylvanica species-group, with which it shares many morphological characters. This species-group is found predominately in the Southeastern USA ranging into eastern Texas, and addition of this new species greatly extends the geographic range of this group.
Evaluation of TrueCell program for estimating point capillary pressure — saturation parameters for Flint sand

The purpose of this paper is to compare inverse estimates of point capillary pressure–effective saturation, Se(ψ), parameters and functions with independently measured Se(ψ) parameters and functions. Average capillary pressure–effective saturation functions, (ψ), were measured for Flint sand using a hanging water column setup and 9 packed columns, with heights varying between 4.3 cm and 55.0 cm. TrueCell, a Fortran program, was employed to inversely estimate point Se(ψ) parameters and functions from the (ψ) data sets. The TrueCell estimates were then compared with point Se(ψ) parameters and functions determined by neutron radiographic imaging of a single hanging water column setup. One sample t-tests indicated that there were no significant differences (at p < 0.05) between the mean values of the inversely estimated point parameters and the corresponding neutron imaging values. However, the individual TrueCell predictions produced variable results compared to the measured point parameter set. Relatively few parameter estimates fell within the 95% confidence intervals of the neutron imaging estimates, and some deviations were quite large. These deviations were related to subtle variations in column packing, rather than differences in column height. Although this study has produced support for inverse modeling with TrueCell, it is important to note that individual predictions of Se(ψ) parameters and functions were often at odds with the independent measurements. Thus, TrueCell should be used with caution. In future studies of a similar nature, it would be desirable to independently determine point parameters and functions on multiple columns, rather than on a single column as was done here. Additionally, future research might want to examine the relationship between variations among individual parameters within a parameter set and the resulting predicted function.
Concepts and computational methods for the electrochemical interface and applications: Past, present, and future

In the nearly 100 years since Faraday published his paper “On Electrical Decomposition” in 1834, little was learned about the electrode–electrolyte interface. The useful Nernst equation and Tafel relationships were developed in 1889 and 1905, respectively, and it was not until the Schrodinger equation was discovered that the groundwork was laid for Gurney's 1931 formulation of a model for electron transfer at the electrochemical interface. Yet things developed slowly until Marcus developed his theory in the 1950s. Applications and generalizations of Gurney's formalism were held back by the absence of powerful computers. This current opinion piece traces through the development of computational models for properties of the electrochemical interface beginning in the 1980s with semiempirical theories that to some extent mimicked Gurney’s formalism, and culminating with recent codes that include all the significant interactions that determine electron transfer reversible potentials and activation energies and their dependencies on the electrode potential. Some theories developed along the way that have restrictions but are still useful are included in the discussion. The writer believes conditions are now set for major advancements in understanding and technology using modern theory in combination with experimental techniques.
Estimating natural ventilation potential for high-rise buildings considering boundary layer meteorology

Abstract The design of energy conservative buildings that incorporates natural ventilation (NV) strategy has become increasingly popular around the world. Natural ventilation is a key solution for reducing energy consumption of buildings and for maintaining a healthy indoor environment. However, the adoption of natural ventilation in high-rise buildings is less common. As rapid population growth and urbanization take place in cities, it is important to explore the substantial energy saving potential of high rises by utilizing natural ventilation. In this study, we have provided the early effort to estimate quantitatively the vertical profiles of NV potential for high rises at major cities from six climate zones in the U.S. (i.e., Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago, and Minneapolis), using an in-house boundary layer meteorology model. The diurnal cycle of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and local climate characteristics are found to have a great effect on the vertical structure of NV potential. In general, negative vertical gradients of NV hours are observed for all cities except Miami where the vertical distribution is nearly uniform. For example, the annual NV hour decreases from 7258 at ground level to 4866 at 300 m above the ground in Los Angeles. Our analysis shows that outdoor temperature is a key meteorological parameter that determines vertical profiles of NV hours in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Minneapolis. In contrast, humidity plays a greater role in cities like Miami and Houston where the outdoor temperature is often favorable for using natural ventilation except in the summer. Among studied cities, Los Angeles provides the ideal climate (warm and dry) for utilizing natural ventilation, displaying the greatest NV potential (7258 NV hours or 83% time of the year at ground level), followed by New York City with 3360 NV hours. The remainder of the four studied cities display comparable numbers of NV hours of approximately 2500 at ground level. The methodology and findings from this study are intended to assist architects and policy makers in quantifying the potential energy savings of natural ventilation, and illustrating the importance of considering the vertical variations of elevated thermal environment in high-rise buildings across different climate zones in the U.S.
Computation-free Signal Mapping to Fourier Domain

Conventional lightwave receiver incorporates high-speed Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) computation core in order to aid carrier recovery and perform channel equalization. This talk examines a computation-free FFT alternative architecture and discussed its implications.
Animal Models of Skin Disorders

Abstract Skin constitutes the largest biological barrier that protects from dehydration and mechanical injury, environmental toxins and microbes, and participates in immune responses. The epidermis of the skin is comprised of multilayered and stratified epithelial cells that undergo life-long self-renewal through a tightly regulated balance of cell proliferation and terminal differentiation. Disruption of this balance represents a central process of a myriad of skin diseases. Environmental insults and genetic defects are among the primary root causes of skin diseases. Accordingly, many animal models of skin diseases are generated with one or more of the following techniques: (1) induction with environmental allergens, (2) genetic engineering with epidermis-targeted transgene expression or gene knockout, and (3) regeneration of human skin tissues with patient-derived or genetically modified keratinocytes. This chapter covers a few examples of numerous animal models that resemble human inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, genetic skin diseases, such as ichthyosis vulgaris and Netherton syndrome, or various skin cancers. Examples of animal free 3D culture system are also discussed.
Everyday is a Battle

Teacher accommodation and teacher conformism informed instructional strategies that Ms. Gomez used to teach language arts and stall suspension. Ms. Gomez’s instructional strategies were impacted by her accommodation of ongoing student resistance to her classroom culture, norms, and values.
Automated Diagnosis and Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose We determine the feasibility and accuracy of a computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) system to diagnose and grade nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Methods A cross-sectional, single-center study was done of type II diabetics who presented for routine screening and/or monitoring exams. Inclusion criteria were age 18 or older, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II, and clear media allowing for OCT imaging. Exclusion criteria were inability to image the macula, posterior staphylomas, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and concurrent retinovascular disease. All patients underwent a full dilated eye exam and spectral-domain OCT of a 6 × 6 mm area of the macula in both eyes. These images then were analyzed by a novel CAD system that segments the retina into 12 layers; quantifies the reflectivity, curvature, and thickness of each layer; and ultimately uses this information to train a neural network that classifies images as either normal or having NPDR, and then further grades the level of retinopathy. A first dataset was tested by "leave-one-subject-out" (LOSO) methods and by 2- and 4-fold cross-validation. The system then was tested on a second, independent dataset. Results Using LOSO experiments on a dataset of images from 80 patients, the proposed CAD system distinguished normal from NPDR subjects with 93.8% accuracy (sensitivity = 92.5%, specificity = 95%) and achieved 97.4% correct classification between subclinical and mild/moderate DR. When tested on an independent dataset of 40 patients, the proposed system distinguished between normal and NPDR subjects with 92.5% accuracy and between subclinical and mild/moderate NPDR with 95% accuracy. Conclusions A CAD system for automated diagnosis of NPDR based on macular OCT images from type II diabetics is feasible, reliable, and accurate.
Planning Using Multiple Execution Architectures

We discuss two techniques used by the RALPHMEA agent architecture to facilitate decision making in complex, real-time domains. Multiple execution architectures are four implementations of the agent function, a functionthat receives percepts from the environment as input and outputs an action choice. The four execution architectures are defined by the different knowledge types that each uses. Depending on the domain and agent capabilities, each execution architecture has different speed and correctness properties. Metalevel control of planning computes the value of information of planning to compare to the utility of executing the current default plan. Examples are presented from an autonomous, underwater vehicle domain.
Coating and lamination

The basic units of an extrusion coating line, in addition to the extruder, consist of the unwind station, the coating or laminating unit, and the windup unit. Figures 11.1–11.3 provide schematics and equipment views of a coating line and a laminating line. When coating, a plastic material is applied to the surface of a substrate. Laminating involves combining two or more substrates together by ‘bonding’ them together with a material such as a plastic(s). The basic common principle involved in coating and laminating is that a very hot plastic melt is used. The main purpose of these treatments is to combine the best properties of the plastics and substrates. In this chapter, most of the material concerns coating, however it also applies to laminating [1, 88, 218, 327, 341, 358, 415].
Steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer treatment strategy.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the endocrine therapy and the use of steroid receptors in human breast cancer. The chapter highlights the information that estrogen receptor (ER) provides in the primary tumor. ER assays select a subset of patients who recur early and have poor survival. They help to select the agents to be used in adjuvant therapy since only about one-half of breast cancer patients are cured by surgical and/or radiation therapy of the primary tumor. The majority of these patients have tumors confined to the breast without extension to the axillary lymph nodes. ER assays in the primary tumor predict for responsiveness to endocrine therapy if and when a patient develops metastatic disease. The presence or absence of ER in a biopsy of metastatic breast cancer correlates well with the response of cancer to endocrine therapy. The response rate to endocrine therapy directly correlates with the absolute amount of ER found at biopsy. The chapter also presents some innovative uses of combined endocrine chemotherapy.
Intermittent Protectors: Cuzco, Peru Earthquake – May 21, 1950

In an instant, on May 21, 1950, an earthquake destroyed 90% of the former capital of the ancient Inca Empire [1]. The 50,000 residents of the city of Cuzco, Peru, had no warning of the earthquake, which struck at 1:35 p.m. [1]. One hundred and twenty-nine of those residents were killed; [2] another 300 were injured [3]. Although it lasted only seconds, the earthquake “sent up a great cloud of dust, which hours later, still filled the mountain air” [1].
Need for Laboratory Ecosystems To Unravel the Structures and Functions of Soil Microbial Communities Mediated by Chemistry

The chemistry underpinning microbial interactions provides an integrative framework for linking the activities of individual microbes, microbial communities, plants, and their environments. Currently, we know very little about the functions of genes and metabolites within these communities because genome annotations and functions are derived from the minority of microbes that have been propagated in the laboratory. Yet the diversity, complexity, inaccessibility, and irreproducibility of native microbial consortia limit our ability to interpret chemical signaling and map metabolic networks. In this perspective, we contend that standardized laboratory ecosystems are needed to dissect the chemistry of soil microbiomes. We argue that dissemination and application of standardized laboratory ecosystems will be transformative for the field, much like how model organisms have played critical roles in advancing biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology. Community consensus on fabricated ecosystems ("EcoFABs") along with protocols and data standards will integrate efforts and enable rapid improvements in our understanding of the biochemical ecology of microbial communities.
Willingness to contract versus opportunity to contract: a case study in Kenya's French bean export market

We characterize systematic differences in willingness and opportunity to contract for farmers in and out of the French bean supply market in Kenya. We find that the factors associated with being a low cost producer do not always align with the factors correlated with opportunity to contract. We also find that farmers in and out of the market differ on average in the premiums they place on buyer reliability, which suggests that imperfect contract enforcement could impact participation in French bean contracting.
Abstract WP420: Lesions Associated With Impaired Expression of Emotion Right Hemisphere Stroke

Introduction: Impaired expression of emotion through tone, loudness, rate, and rhythm of speech (affective prosody) is common after right hemisphere (RH) stroke and impedes all social interactions....
Near-Field-Focusing Integrated Optical Phased Arrays

Integrated optical phased arrays that focus radiated light to a tightly-confined spot in the near field are demonstrated for the first time. The element phase distributions necessary for generating and steering focused beams using phased arrays are developed. Discussion and simulations detailing the effects of the array aperture and focal length on the focal spot are included. Two focusing phased array architectures are presented: (1) a one-dimensional splitter-tree-based architecture with novel focusing antennas and inline phase bumps and (2) a two-dimensional large-scale pixel-based architecture. Both architectures are used to experimentally demonstrate a variety of aperture size and focal length passive focusing arrays in a CMOS-compatible platform, including (i) a 512-antenna splitter-tree-based array with a wavelength-steerable 7 µm spot at a 5 mm focal length, (ii) a 1024-antenna pixel-based array with a 21 µm spot at a 5 mm focal length, and (iii) a 10,000-antenna pixel-based array with a 21 µm spot at a 10 mm focal length. The demonstrated focusing phased arrays present a new functional modality compared to standard optical phased arrays that generate diffracting beams in the far field of the array. This new focusing modality has the potential to advance a number of important application areas at the cutting edge of lightwave technology, as it will enable future integrated optical phased array implementations for a wide range of applications that require focusing operation. Such areas include optical trapping for biological characterization, laser-based three-dimensional printing, short-range light detection and ranging, and short-range optical data communications.
Defending DNN Adversarial Attacks with Pruning and Logits Augmentation

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be powerful models and perform extremely well on many complicated artificial intelligent tasks. However, recent research found that these powerful models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., intentionally added imperceptible perturbations to DNN inputs can easily mislead the DNNs with extremely high confidence. In this work, we enhance the robustness of DNNs under adversarial attacks by using pruning method and logits augmentation, we achieve both effective defense against adversarial examples and DNN model compression. We have observed defense against adversarial attacks under the white box attack assumption. Our defense mechanisms work even better under the grey box attack assumption.
What Can Instrumental Variables Tell Us About Nonresponse In Household Surveys and Political Polls

This paper introduces an instrumental variables framework for analyzing how external factors that affect survey response rates can also affect the composition of the sample of respondents. The method may be useful for studying survey representativeness, and for assessing the effectiveness of some of the conventional corrections for survey nonresponse bias.The paper applies the method to data collected in the 2011 Swiss Electoral Study (SES), in which survey participation incentives were randomly assigned across members of the original survey sample. The empirical analysis shows that the incentives increased response rates substantially. Estimates of a new instrumental variable parameter called the Complier Average Survey Response (CASR) suggest that the incentives induced participation among people with more nationalist political opinions than those who would have participated without the incentives. Weighting the respondent data to match the covariate distribution in the target population did not account for the discrepancy in attitudes between the two groups, suggesting that the weights would not succeed in removing nonresponse bias.
Meconium aspiration pneumonia and otitis media in two goat kids

We report meconium aspiration in 2 sibling goat kids, and characterize the expected lesions of aspiration pneumonia in conjunction with the rare lesion of otitis media. Grossly, the lungs were multifocally consolidated, and there was yellow-green exudate within the middle ear. Histologically, the lung was characterized by pyogranulomatous pneumonia and foreign-body reaction around aspirated debris. Within the lumen of the middle ear, aspirated squamous cells, keratin, meconium debris, and neutrophils, without evidence of bacteria, were accompanied by a subepithelial accumulation of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and fewer macrophages. This is an especially rare phenomenon, which is thought to result from transport of meconium from the oropharynx through the auditory tube (Eustachian tube) to the middle ear.
A Regime-Based Evaluation of Southern and Northern Great Plains Warm-Season Precipitation Events in WRF

AbstractA competitive neural network known as the self-organizing map (SOM) is used to objectively identify synoptic patterns in the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for warm-season (April...
The Martinique Principles

TO THE EDITOR: Recently, the Martinique Working Group (MWG), composed of representatives from the American Thyroid Association (ATA), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the European Thyroid Association (ETA), and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI),
Abstract LB-067: Cargocytes: A novel cell therapy platform to drive anti-tumor immunity

Adoptive cell therapy has emerged as a powerful new tool to treat cancer and other diseases. However, the clinical utility of many cell-based therapies is limited by inadequate production of therapeutic factors, production of unwanted factors, unwanted engraftment into the tumor, and poor controllability resulting in poor pharmacokinetics. Genetic and bioengineering strategies can overcome many limitations, but modification of genomic DNA or the introduction of new genetic material into therapeutic cells raises substantial safety concerns, ultimately making FDA approval difficult. To address these limitations, we developed a novel platform for cell-based therapies in which any cell type, including immortalized cells, can be extensively engineered and loaded with therapeutic cargo, and then rendered safe for patient administration through removal of the nucleus. Enucleated cells (Cargocytes) retain many desired biologic functions (endogenous and engineered), such as viability up to 72 hours, retention of cell surface markers/proteins, secretion of bioactive molecules, robust in vitro and in vivo chemotaxis, and delivery of a wide range of cancer-fighting cargos. Using this technology, we demonstrate that Cargocytes derived from hTERT-immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (hTERT MSCs) and engineered to express therapeutic levels of IL-12 can potently activate an anti-tumor immune response in a preclinical mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. hTERT MSC-derived Cargocytes robustly delivered IL-12 to the tumor with definable pharmacokinetics, activated known IL-12 biomarkers, and induced infiltration of tumor-fighting immune cells that inhibited tumor growth and improved animal survival. In addition, co-administration of Cargocytes secreting IL-12 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies further improved animal survival without notable adverse events. Collectively, our findings indicate that Cargocytes provide a new means to deliver powerful immunomodulatory biologics to malignant tumors in a safe and controllable manner. The genetic tractability and excellent safety profile of the Cargoycte platform enables bioengineering of a wide range of designer therapeutics derived from genetically modified cells, immortalized stem cells, and even cancer cells, each with improved clinically relevant functions. Citation Format: Richard L. Klemke, Huawei Wang, Bei Liu, Christina Alarcon, Felicia Watson. Cargocytes: A novel cell therapy platform to drive anti-tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-067.
Using repeated exposure through hands-on cooking to increase children's preferences for fruits and vegetables.

Few children in the United States meet national fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, highlighting a need for interventions. Children's food preferences act as a barrier to fruit and vegetable consumption, but prior research has demonstrated that repeated taste exposures can increase children's acceptance of these foods. Prior research in this area has typically utilized controlled procedures in which children sample small tastes of target foods over repeated occasions. The primary aim of the present pilot study was to test whether children's preferences for target fruits and vegetables increased following repeated taste exposures to them through hands-on cooking in a community setting. Seventeen 6-to-8-year-old children participated in biweekly study sessions during six weeks of a summer camp serving lower-income families. Liking of (yummy, just OK, yucky) and rank-ordered preferences for nine fruits and vegetables were measured before and after exposure sessions (pre-test and post-test). Based on pre-test assessments, four relatively less liked foods (two fruits, two vegetables) were chosen to become target foods. Children were then exposed to target foods during nine hands-on cooking sessions; liking of target foods was also measured at a midpoint assessment. At each exposure session, children assisted with preparation of a different snack using a recipe involving target foods and then ate the prepared snack together. Preferences for target foods increased from pre-test (Median = 5.8) to post-test (Median = 5.5; p < 0.05). On average, the majority of children rated the prepared snacks favorably. Results from this pilot study demonstrate the potential of applying repeated exposure techniques via hands-on cooking in a community setting.
Speech Production Accuracy and Variability in Monolingual and Bilingual Children With Cochlear Implants: A Comparison to Their Peers With Normal Hearing.

Purpose This study investigates consonant and vowel accuracy and whole-word variability (also called token-to-token variability or token-to-token inconsistency) in bilingual Spanish–English and mon...
Automatic generation of high-performance quantized machine learning kernels

Quantization optimizes machine learning inference for resource constrained environments by reducing the precision of its computation. In the extreme, even single-bit computations can produce acceptable results at dramatically lower cost. But this ultra-low-precision quantization is difficult to exploit because extracting optimal performance requires hand-tuning both high-level scheduling decisions and low-level implementations. As a result, practitioners settle for a few predefined quantized kernels, sacrificing optimality and restricting their ability to adapt to new hardware. This paper presents a new automated approach to implementing quantized inference for machine learning models. We integrate the choice of how to lay out quantized values into the scheduling phase of a machine learning compiler, allowing it to be optimized in concert with tiling and parallelization decisions. After scheduling, we use program synthesis to automatically generate efficient low-level operator implementations for the desired precision and data layout. We scale up synthesis using a novel reduction sketch that exploits the structure of matrix multiplication. On a ResNet18 model, our generated code outperforms an optimized floating-point baseline by up to 3.9×, and a state-of-the-art quantized implementation by up to 16.6×.
Theory-Based Development of an Implementation Intervention Using Community Health Workers to Increase Palliative Care Use

Abstract Context Opportunities for the use of palliative care services are missed in African American (AA) communities, despite Level I evidence demonstrating their benefits. Objectives Single-institution and stakeholder-engaged study to design an intervention to increase palliative care use in AA communities. Methods Two-phased qualitative research design guided by the Behavior Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework models. In Phase 1, focus group sessions were conducted to identify barriers and facilitators of palliative care use and the viability of community health workers (CHWs) as a solution. After applying the Behavior Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework to data gathered from Phase 1, Phase 2 consisted of a stakeholder meeting to select intervention content and prioritize modes of delivery. Results A total of 15 stakeholders participated in our study. Target behaviors identified were for patients to gain knowledge about benefits of palliative care, physicians to begin palliative care discussions earlier in treatment, and to improve patient-physician interpersonal communication. The intervention was designed to improve patient capability, physician capability, patient motivation, physician motivation, and increase patient opportunities to use palliative care services. Strategies to change patient and physician behaviors were all facilitated by CHWs and included creation and dissemination of brochures about palliative care to patients, empowerment and activation of patients to initiate goals-of-care discussions, outreach to community churches, and expanding patient social support. Conclusion Use of a theory-based approach to facilitate the implementation of a multi-component strategy provided a comprehensive means of identifying relevant barriers and enablers of CHWs as an agent to increase palliative care use in AA communities.
Tarım Sektöründe İşgücü Terminolojisinin Tanımlanması

Isgucu, nufusun uretimde etkin olan bolumudur. Nufustaki gelismelere bagli olarak olusan toplam isgucu arzi ve ekonomik kosullara gore sekillenen isgucu talebi; piyasa olusumunun iki temel unsurudur. Isgucu piyasalari; arz ve talebinin karsilastigi, ucretin olustugu sosyal bir organizasyon olarak tanimlanabilir. Tum piyasa yapilari icerisinde isgucu piyasasi; isleyisi ve ozellikleri nedeniyle ekonominin diger birimlerinden onemli olcude etkilenen ve bunlari yuksek oranda etkileyen konumdadir. Bu nedenle uretim surecinde ve planlamasinda isgucu piyasalarinin detayli analiz edilmesi gerekmektedir. Isgucu piyasalari icerisinde; ekonominin temelini olusturan ve diger piyasalara cesitli kaynaklardan katki saglayan tarimsal isgucu piyasasinin analiz edilmesine ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Cunku tarim sektorundeki dogal kaynaklarin ve sermaye unsurlarinin kullaniminda dogrudan isgucunun katkisinin olmasi, diger sektorlere kiyasla tarimsal faaliyetlerde isgucunun birim alanda daha yogun kullanilmasi, tarim sektorunden diger sektorlere isgucu transferlerinin gerceklestirilmesi, tarimsal isgucunun gizli issizlik ve yapisal issizligin kaynagini olusturmasi gibi nedenlerle tarimsal isgucunun incelenmesi ve siniflandirilmasi gerekmektedir. Ayrica kamu kurum/kuruluslari icin veri olusumunda kullanilacak isgucu cesitlerini belirlemek, guvenilir istatistiki verilerin elde edilmesine katkida bulunarak planlanan projelerde ve olusturulacak politikalarda dogru karar sureclerine erisimi kolaylastirmak amaciyla tarim sektorunde isgucunun siniflandirilmasi gerekmektedir. Belirlenen amaclar dogrultusunda tarim sektorundeki isgucu cesitlerinin belirlenmesi, yapilan kavramsal tanimlamalarin bir araya getirilmesi ve literaturde anlamsal butunlugun saglanmasina yonelik olarak bu calisma gerceklestirilmistir.
Effects of bio-composites in sandwich panels with an optimum corrugated cores under edgewise compression loading

This paper presents the optimum design, manufacturing, and testing of corrugated sandwich panel structures under edgewise compression loading. A bio-composite was integrated in both the core and the skin in corrugated sandwich panels. The cases tested were all-carbon fibre, hemp skin with carbon fibre core, carbon fibre skin with hemp core and all-hemp. Compression loading tests were conducted on varying lengths of single-ligament panels utilising trapezoidal corrugation as the core and a flat plate as the skin. The ultimate load and stiffness were investigated for each sample, as well as the failure modes seen. It is shown that, first, hemp fibres are viable as a substitute for certain sections of the traditional composite structure, and second, integrating hemp fibres can solve the problems of debonding seen in the all-carbon fibre samples seen in previous research.
CyberGIS-enabled decision support platform for biomass supply chain optimization

Biomass supply chain optimization aims to facilitate large-scale production of biofuels by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of biomass feedstock provision. Most existing models are not web based, limited by the accessibility for real-world applications. A CyberGIS-enabled biomass supply chain decision support platform was developed to improve model accessibility and computational performance. The platform includes four major components: BioScope optimization model, GISolve middleware, high-performance cyberinfrastructure, and an interactive web interface. The workflow and functions of each component are provided to illustrate the development and usage of the platform. Case studies and associated system performance have been evaluated to demonstrate the utility of the CyberGIS-enabled decision support platform. Through leveraging cyberinfrastructure resources and interactive web-based interface, the platform enables solving complex biomass supply chain optimization problems. The improved computational performance could provide responsive decision support for group-based applications. A CyberGIS-enabled decision support platform was developed for biomass analysis.The platform includes web interface, middleware, model, and cyberinfrastructure.The platform integrates data, modeling and analysis, and result visualization.The platform improves computing performance for complex problem solving.
Exposed Graft in the Groin Following Crossover Femoral-Femoral Graft and Aorto-Uniiliac Stent Graft

A 74-year-old male underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with Talent (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) graft for a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (9.8 cm) and 3.7 cm left common iliac artery aneurysm. Postoperative CTA 4 days later showed Type III endoleak from the disruption of the left iliac extension limb stent grafts; the endograft was converted to aorto-uniiliac configuration with crossover femoral-femoral graft. The femoral graft became exposed in the left groin, and the patient was treated by tunneling the crossover graft along the anterolateral aspect of left upper thigh and anastomosed to superficial femoral artery in the mid-thigh. Sartorius myoplasty resulted in satisfactory healing of the left groin.
Flat optics for optical image differentiation

The differentiator consists of carefully designed 2D photonic crystal (PhC) slab that can transform an image into its second-order derivative. Based on interference between the direct transmission and low quality factor quasi-guided modes, the PhC slab exhibits angular-dependent transmission for P polarization but remains reflective for S polarization, which avoids polarization mixing in the transmission matrix. Fourier imaging was carried out showing a quadratic transfer function for an NA up to 0.315, which allows one to resolve features on the scale of 1.94λ. To showcase practical applications, the nanophotonic differentiator was directly integrated into an optical microscope and onto a camera sensor demonstrating the ease at which it can be vertically integrated into existing imaging systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate a compound bilayer flat optical by integrating the differentiator with a metalens for realizing a compact and monolithic image processing system. In all cases, the use of the nanophotonic differentiator allows for a significant reduction in size compared to traditional systems as one does not need to pass through the Fourier plane for performing complex image processing. This freedom should open new doors for optical analog image processing in applications involving machine vision.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Rheumatologic Disease.

Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was originally described in pediatric patients presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and blood cell abnormalities. Later, HLH was recognized to occur in adults, often associated with hematologic malignancies or serious infections. Conclusion Patients presenting with HLH are critically ill, and rapid diagnosis is key. In adults, the search for the trigger must begin promptly as time to diagnosis effects survival. The underlying trigger in our patients was Histoplasma capsulatum infection, which is rare in the southwestern United States. Prompt diagnosis led to recovery in one patient, while the other did not survive.
Evaluating the Current Continuous Improvement Approach in ABET-Accredited Computing Programs

Continuous Improvement (CI) of academic computing programs is a main requirement of accreditation. Academic computing programs must have a CI plan that is documented in order to be granted accreditation. A comprehensive CI plan consists of 8 components: Course, Curriculum, Administration, Faculty, Research, Advising, Facilities, & Support Staff. In order for academic computing programs to achieve a truly comprehensive CI, these CI components must feed into themselves, as well as feed into each other. In this paper, we examine how two large ABET-accredited Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE) and Computer Science (CS) programs handle these 8 components in their CI process by conducting 21 semi-structured interviews and following up with an online questionnaire. We use a coding scheme to analyze the results from the interview participants and find that all 8 CI components are recognized across both programs. However, the degree of integration between these components varies greatly with some components being highly coupled and others not being integrated at all. We present the types of data collected and used by the different ECE and CS programs, and we compare these results with those from the academic computing literature. From our analysis, we find that the CI focus is consistently on Curriculum, Course, Faculty, and, to a lesser extent, Administration, while Facilities, Advising, and Support Staff are barely recognized as part of the CI plan.
Biotribocorrosion of 3D-printed silica-coated Ti6Al4V for load-bearing implants

Laser-based 3D printing was utilized to deposit a silica (SiO2) coating on the surface of Ti6Al4V (Ti64) alloy for implementation onto articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants. The surface laser melting (SLM) technique was implemented in 1- and 2-laser passes (1LP and 2LP) after SiO2 deposition to understand the influence of remelting on the coating’s hardness and tribological performance. It was observed that compositional and microstructural features increased the cross-sectional hardness. Wear rate was observed to decrease from 2.9 × 10–4 mm3/Nm in the Ti64 to 5.2 × 10–6 mm3/Nm, 3.8 × 10–6 mm3/Nm and 2.1 × 10–7 mm3/Nm for the as-processed or zero laser pass (0LP), 1LP, and 2LP, respectively. Coated samples displayed a positive shift in open-circuit potential (OCP) during linear wear by displaying a 368 mV, 85 mV, and 613 mV increase compared to Ti64 for 0LP, 1LP, and 2LP, respectively. Our results displayed promising tribological performance of SiO2-coated Ti64 for articulating surfaces of load-bearing implants.
Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification

Cognitive decline is associated with both normal aging and early pathologies leading to dementia. Here we used quantitative profiling of metabolites involved in the regulation of inflammation, vascular function, neuronal function and energy metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroid hormones to identify metabolic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum samples (n = 212) were obtained from subjects with or without MCI opportunistically collected with incomplete fasting state information. To maximize power and stratify the analysis of metabolite associations with MCI by the fasting state, we developed an algorithm to predict subject fasting state when unknown (n = 73). In non-fasted subjects, linoleic acid and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide levels were positively associated with perceptual speed. In fasted subjects, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and tauro-alpha-muricholic acid levels were negatively associated with perceptual speed. Other cognitive domains showed associations with bile acid metabolism, but only in the non-fasted state. Importantly, this study shows unique associations between serum metabolites and cognitive function in the fasted and non-fasted states and provides a fasting state prediction algorithm based on measurable metabolites.
Watershed moment in US-Turkey relations

President Joe Biden recognized atrocities committed against Armenians as the Armenian Genocide in his statement on Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day (24 April 2021). The statement represents a watershed moment in US-Turkey relations. President Tayyip Erdogan can address US and international concerns prior to the Biden-Erdogan summit on the margin of June’s NATO meeting, or he can double down and intensify repression against Turkey’s ethnic and religious minorities. Erdogan’s course will define international relations prior to the centennial of the founding of the Turkish republic in 2023.
The effects of cultural arts programs on at-risk youth : Are there more than anecdotes and promises?

Researchers have recently developed potent prevention programs targeting at-risk youth. Most programs contain several varying components to address a variety of youth with a variety of problems. Cultural arts programs, which encompass a wide array of art classes, have been added to prevention programs based on little empirical evidence and mainly anecdotal information. Prior to adding cultural arts components into prevention programs, further detailed research on their efficacy must be completed. This review of our evidence to date summarizes what we know about cultural arts programs and their effects on at-risk youth. It also discusses directives for future research and practice.
Chapter 8 Design (with analysis) of efficient algorithms

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the design (with analysis) of efficient computer algorithms. There is an interrelationship between mathematical insight, data structures, and the design (with analysis) of provably efficient algorithms. The process of designing an efficient algorithm is interwoven with its analysis, the analysis of the data structures to be used, and often with the discovery of mathematical structure underlying the problem that the algorithm is to solve. The chapter discusses sequential algorithms, parallel algorithms, randomized algorithms, parametric algorithms, distributed algorithms, amortized time analysis, approximation algorithms, all-for-one results, results based on preprocessing, and strong versus weak polynomial time algorithms. The chapter also presents the problem of efficiently computing a maximum network flow and minimum-cut, where the computation is to be done on a sequential machine (RAM model) and the measure of goodness of an algorithm is its worst-case running time.
Symbiotic interrelationships between microbes and ambrosia beetles: VII. Bacterial symbionts associated with Xyleborus ferrugineus

Abstract Transovarially transmitted bacterial symbionts, classified in the genus Staphylococcus, were isolated and pure cultured from the gut lumen of all stages of the ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus ferrugineus. These bacterial symbionts were shown to invade the oocytes, and this invasion was associated with the initiation of nuclear division while the oocytes were surrounded by the follicular wall in the ovariole and unfertilized by sperm.
End-to-End Queueing Delay in ATM Networks

We focus on a single connection in an AIM network. To study delay for this connection, we adopt a discrete time model for several queues in tandem. A service availability process at each switch along the path of the connection indicates how many packets from the connection can be served in each slot at that switch. The service availability process at a switch is influenced by the presence of cross traffic as well as the underlying scheduling policy at the switch. The quality of service is succinctly described by the network service process. In particular, the end-to-end delay can be expressed as a simple non-recursive function of the network service process and the cell arrival process for the connection.We consider the impact on end-to-end delay of constraining the scheduling policy at each switch along the connection according to a service curve. In particular, we develop the concept of a guaranteed network service curve, which may prove to be of some value in the service definition of AIM networks. Finally, utilizing a recently proposed stochastic model for the cell arrival process for the connection, as well as for the service availability processes, we present bounds on the probability distribution of end-to-end delay.
Role of gamma 87 Gln in the inhibition of hemoglobin S polymerization by hemoglobin F.

Abstract Previous studies suggested that gamma 87 Gln in hemoglobin (Hb) F is an important site for promoting inhibition of Hb S (alpha 2 beta 2(6 Glu-->Val) polymerization by Hb F. We engineered and isolated the double mutant (Hb alpha 2 beta 2(6 Glu-->Val,87 Thr-->Gln) using a yeast expression system and characterized polymerization properties of this modified tetramer in an effort to clarify the role of Gln at position 87 in inhibiting Hb S polymerization. Electrophoretic mobility and absorption spectra of this double mutant were the same as that of Hb S, while oxygen affinity was higher, and effects of organic phosphates on oxygen affinity were reduced. The deoxy form of the double mutant showed a characteristic delay time prior to polymerization in vitro. The critical concentration for polymerization of the double mutant was about 1.5 times higher than Hb S, and delay and polymerization times were much longer than Hb S at the same hemoglobin concentrations. The logarithmic plot of delay time versus hemoglobin concentration for the double mutant showed a straight line that was intermediate between lines for AS and FS mixtures. These results and those of kinetics of polymerization of Hb S/double mutant mixtures indicate that substitution of Gln for Thr at beta 87 in Hb S prolongs delay time and inhibits polymerization, although the double mutant forms polymers like Hb S.