cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the influence of latent lifestyles on productive travels: Insights into designing autonomous transit system

Abstract As a special case of multitasking, travel-based multitasking typically refers to conducting a set of in-vehicle activities while traveling. Travel-based multitasking has an indisputable influence on offering a pleasant travel experience to transit users during their rides, given that they can use their travel time to perform desirable activities and gain benefits in various form. For instance, the in-activities could help the rider free up time from his/her schedule for the day (i.e., a worthwhile use of travel time). In this study, we investigate how the worthwhileness of a travel-based multitasking could be under the influence of: (1) the transit user’s lifestyle, and (2) socio-demographics, and (3) the characteristics of the transit trip. Towards this, we conducted an intercept survey focusing on the transit trips in the Chicago metropolitan area and analyzed it using latent class modeling approach. Per the results, two classes of transit users could be identified: (1) worthwhileness seekers, productively travelers and (2) leisure seekers, occasional worthwhile travelers. The results also suggest travel time, waiting time and walking distance to the transit station, and the set of in-vehicle activities as significant predictors of worthwhile use of travel time. The findings provide insights to policymakers for improving public transit systems in the current form, as well as designing an autonomous mobility system as the future form of public transit.
Subcellular localisation and composition of intramuscular triacylglycerol influence insulin sensitivity in humans

Subcellular localisation is an important factor in the known impact of bioactive lipids, such as diacylglycerol and sphingolipids, on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle; yet, the role of localised intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) is yet to be described. Excess accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance, and we hypothesised that differences in subcellular localisation and composition of IMTG would relate to metabolic health status in humans. We evaluated subcellular localisation of IMTG in lean participants, endurance-trained athletes, individuals with obesity and individuals with type 2 diabetes using LC-MS/MS of fractionated muscle biopsies and insulin clamps. Insulin sensitivity was significantly different between each group (athletes>lean>obese>type 2 diabetes; p < 0.001). Sarcolemmal IMTG was significantly greater in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes compared with lean control participants and athletes, but individuals with type 2 diabetes were the only group with significantly increased saturated IMTG. Sarcolemmal IMTG was inversely related to insulin sensitivity. Nuclear IMTG was significantly greater in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with lean control participants and athletes, and total and saturated IMTG localised in the nucleus had a significant inverse relationship with insulin sensitivity. Total cytosolic IMTG was not different between groups, but saturated cytosolic IMTG species were significantly increased in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with all other groups. There were no significant differences between groups for IMTG concentration in the mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum. These data reveal previously unknown differences in subcellular IMTG localisation based on metabolic health status and indicate the influence of sarcolemmal and nuclear IMTG on insulin sensitivity. Additionally, these studies suggest saturated IMTG may be uniquely deleterious for muscle insulin sensitivity.
An Overview of Health Planning

Health services planning can take place at the societal, community, or organization level. Nationwide (or societal level) planning involves comprehensive planning for an entire nation and is generally the responsibility of the central government. Community-wide planning involves the plan development that focuses on the local healthcare system. Community-wide planning can occur at the state or regional level, and at the local level, health planning authorities may be established to plan, regulate, and/or monitor local healthcare organizations. Organization-level planning occurs for and within a specific healthcare entity, and constitutes the majority of what could be considered health services planning in the United States today. Organization-level planning differs from community-wide planning in terms of its scope, constituency, and self-serving nature. Health plans may be distinguished in terms of their time horizons, typically categorized as short range, intermediate range, or long range. The importance of planning on the part of every healthcare entity is emphasized, and the various categories of planning are considered. Finally, the history of health planning in the United States is reviewed and its current status is described. The recent revival of interest in health planning at various levels is discussed.
Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Background Blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise results in transient muscle growth that may be due to metabolite accumulation, hyperaemia and muscle damage, possibly serving as a stimulus for hypertrophy. Understanding the duration of this growth is important for exercise recovery and measurement of hypertrophy. Purpose To measure changes in muscle size via ultrasound throughout a 48-h period after a session of BFR knee extension (KE) exercise. Methods Muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis (VL) was measured via ultrasound in 12 participants (six males and six females, age: 20.3 ± 1.1 years) before and immediately, 10 min, 30 min, 1, 3, 8, 24, and 48 h after unilateral exercise. One leg served as a non-exercise control while the other leg performed four sets of unilateral BFR KE at 30% of one-repetition maximum with a pressurized cuff applied to the proximal thigh and inflated to 50% arterial occlusion pressure. Results Vastus lateralis thickness was 34.9 ± 7.2% higher immediately after exercise, 28.6 ± 7.9% at 10 min, 25.2 ± 6.1% at 30 min, 14.9 ± 4.8% at 1 h and 11.8 ± 5.6% at 3 h (p 0.05). The muscle thickness of the exercise leg was significantly greater than that of the control leg from immediately after exercise up to 1 h post-exercise (p Conclusion Muscle thickness of the VL increases for 3 h post-BFR exercise and returns to normal within 8 h. This timeframe should be considered when prescribing exercise and planning muscle hypertrophy assessments.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Detection by Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) and p16 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in Breast Intraductal Papilloma and Breast Carcinoma

Abstract Purpose This study explored human papillomavirus (HPV) amplification in breast benign and malignant lesions by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and the concordance of p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Patients and Methods The presence of HPV6/11 and HPV16/18 in 33 cases of intraductal papilloma, 34 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 56 cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) was evaluated using matched-background breast parenchyma and breast reduction as control groups. Association with clinicopathologic factors including prognosis was assessed. Results HPV 6/11 was observed in 0 cases (0%) of breast reduction, one case (3%) of intraductal papilloma, 11 cases (32.4%) of DCIS, and eight cases (14.3%) of IBC. HPV 16/18 was detected in three cases of (9.1%) breast reduction, six cases (18.8%) of intraductal papillomas, 14 cases (41.2%) of DCIS, and 25 cases (44.6%) of IBC. There was no difference in the HPV status between intraductal papilloma and breast reduction. HPV amplification in intraductal papilloma did not associate with developing atypia or carcinoma after long-term follow-up. However, HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 amplification was significantly higher in both DCIS and IBC when compared with breast reduction (P .05). Conclusion HPV infection was detected in both breast lesions and background parenchyma. HPV infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer but is not associated with intraductal papilloma. Immunohistochemical stain for p16 is not a good surrogate marker for HPV infection in breast lesions.
Phosphate adsorption using biochar derived from solid digestate

Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and manure is an increasingly common waste management strategy. However, current disposal alternatives for the resulting effluent, “digestate”, can lead to nutrient run-off and cause surface and groundwater contamination. Biochar made from the solid fraction of digestate was used to recover nutrients present in the liquid fraction of the same effluent stream. Biochar produced from solid digestate at three different temperatures (500, 800 and 1000 °C) was characterized and evaluated for adsorption of phosphate in solution and from liquid digestate. Pyrolysis temperature was negatively related to yield. However, higher processing temperatures (800 °C–1000 °C) are preferred due to better soil stability and phosphate adsorption capacity. Additional analysis to determine the potential to replicate this process at scale concluded that the amount of solid digestate biochar produced is sufficient to adsorb approximately 20% of the total phosphate present in the liquid fraction of the digestate.
Smoking during pregnancy and breast cancer risk in very young women (United States)

Objective: To evaluate the association of smoking during a woman's first pregnancy, a period of pronounced growth and differentiation of mammary tissue, and her subsequent breast cancer risk. Methods: In this matched case–control study, we used linked birth certificate and tumor registry data from the New York State Health Department. Cases were 319 women aged 26–45 who were diagnosed with breast cancer in New York State between 1989 and 1995 and who completed a first pregnancy in New York State after 1987 at least one year prior to diagnosis of cancer. Controls were 768 primiparous women matched to cases on county of residence and delivery date. Information on prenatal smoking and other factors characterizing the woman's first pregnancy was obtained from the pregnancy record of each subject, and the association of these factors to breast cancer risk was assessed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased risk for breast cancer (crude OR = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–6.3). Adjustment for maternal age, subject age, race, and education strengthened this association (OR = 4.8, CI 1.6–14.6). Conclusions: These findings suggest that cigarette smoking during a woman's first pregnancy may increase her risk for early-onset breast cancer.
Employee Satisfaction, Firm Value and Firm Productivity

We examine whether self-reported employee satisfaction is associated with higher firm valuation and productivity. Using a sample of firms from Fortune magazine’s list of "100 Best Companies to Work For", companies in which employees report high levels of satisfaction, we find that these firms have valuations that are significantly greater than both their respective industry medians and matched firms. The firms in our sample also exhibit greater levels of productivity and efficiency. Thus, successful efforts in increasing employee satisfaction appear to enhance overall firm productivity, which is subsequently rewarded by investors through higher equity values.
Work in progress - teaching Web services with a Java on-line tutorial

When global economy affects the employment patterns and the professional life of CSET graduates, courses that provide students with marketable skills become attractive. However, the rapidly emerging area creates new pedagogical challenges. For example, teaching the course of Web services with XML and SOAP faces the problems of too many Web standards and constantly changing course materials. This paper introduces a "two-tier" approach using an on-line tutorial to teach students emerging Web services technologies with the goal of teaching students marketable skills, and also eliminating unnecessary prerequisites including Java programming experiences with the option of accessing an on-line textbook. In this work in progress paper, the concept of Web services is introduced first. Then, the pedagogical issues are discussed. The solution of using an on-line Java Web service tutorial is explained. Finally, the teaching experiences are presented
WE‐G‐201‐00: Mobile Viewing Devices

Many health care organizations are adopting mobile applications for patient care. These tools can provide the opportunity for improvements in timely access to patient images. With new possibilities for patient image viewing, it is sensible to take a closer look at what handheld devices might provide and how they are being used. Three speakers: a radiologist, an imaging research scientist, and a clinical medical physicist provide input into different aspects of image viewing on handheld devices. 1. Patrick Luetmer, M.D., Radiologist Provides a radiologist’s perspective of how mobile technologies best fit into patient care workflows, including how patient image viewing is done differently on a mobile platform compared to a PACS workstation and what types of decisions are being made from handheld devices. 2. Aldo Badano, Ph.D., Imaging Research Scientist Provides an overview of technological properties of handheld devices and describes how image viewing with handheld devices impacts the image information that is visible under ideal and clinical conditions. 3. Dr. Alisa Walz-Flannigan, Ph.D., Clinical Medical Physicist Provides an overview of different strategies for setup and quality control as relevant for handheld devices. This session is related to the ongoing work of Task Group No. 260 “Considerations for the Use of Handheld Devices for Viewing Medical Images”. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand how mobile devices for image viewing are being used to enhance patient care 2. To understand how technological properties of various mobile devices combine with device usage to impact the information visible in a medical image 3. To gain awareness of different options for configuring and testing handheld devices for medical image viewing Dr. Aldo Badano has the following: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA #123-07) with BARCO.
Effects of Dietary Cellulose, Pectin and Oat Bran on the Small Intestine in the Rat

The present study was undertaken to determine if three sources of dietary fiber would alter length, weight, DNA, protein or enzyme activity in the small intestine since various fibers are known to decrease intestinal absorption. Rats were fed semipurified diets that contained either 20% cellulose (C), 20% oat bran, 5% pectin (P) or no fiber source (FF). Leucine aminopeptidase activity were significantly greater in the P and C groups when compared with the FF group. There were no significant differences in sucrase activity. Animals in the P group had heavier and longer small intestine and heavier mucosa than the FF group. There were no significant differences in total mucosal DNA or protein. These results indicate that two sources of dietary fiber, cellulose and pectin, can change leucine aminopeptidase activity in the small intestine.
Suppression of intensity noise in a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser

We investigate the intensity noise of a 1.031 /spl mu/m diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser. An active feedback loop to reduce intensity noise by relaxation oscillation provided an intensity noise reduction of -40 dB was achieved.
Not so Fast: Co-Requirements for Sonic Hedgehog Induced Brain Tumorigenesis

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays an integral role in cellular proliferation during normal brain development and also drives growth in a variety of cancers including brain cancer. Clinical trials of Shh pathway inhibitors for brain tumors have yielded disappointing results, indicating a more nuanced role for Shh signaling. We postulate that Shh signaling does not work alone but requires co-activation of other signaling pathways for tumorigenesis and stem cell maintenance. This review will focus on the interplay between the Shh pathway and these pathways to promote tumor growth in brain tumors, presenting opportunities for the study of combinatorial therapies.
Effect of storage temperature and shaking rate on pH and blood-gas results for two quality-control products.

Directions for pre-analytical handling of ampules of two commercially available aqueous quality-control products (contrlL and G.A.S.) contain vague instructions such as "store at room temperature" and "shake vigorously" before analysis. We examined the effect of different storage temperatures (25, 31, and 38 degrees C) and shaking rate (one, two, and four shakes per second) on pH and blood-gas results. For both products, increasing the storage temperature significantly decreased pO2 results, the magnitude of the bias being greatest for those solutions with the highest O2 tensions. However, increasing the shaking rate partly offset this bias. Increasing storage temperature also decreased results for pCO2 and increased results for pH for both manufacturers' ampules with the highest CO2 tensions, and this bias was not offset by increasing the shaking rate. We conclude that both storage temperature and shaking rate must be precisely defined and carefully monitored before these products are used in a quality-control program.
Biologically-based neural network model of color constancy and color contrast

To determine the surface reflectance of an object independent of the illuminant, a system must use the spatiochromatic context of the image. The authors have developed a neural network model based on the anatomy and physiology of the visual projection from the retina to V4. The network combines color-opponent and contrast information to achieve a good degree of color constancy. This network has been tested on simulated images corresponding to the stimuli used in well established psychophysical experiments. Responses qualitatively matched human responses to a variety of center-surround and Mondrian test stimuli. >
Nonlinear controllers for non-integrable systems: the Acrobot example

Recent developments in the theory of geometric nonlinear control provide powerful methods for controller design for a large class of nonlinear systems. Many systems, however, do not satisfy the restrictive conditions necessary for either full state linearization [6, 5] or input-output linearization with internal stability [2]. In this paper, we present an approach to controller design based on finding a linearizable nonlinear system that well approximates the true system over a desirable region. We outline an engineering procedure for constructing the approximating nonlinear system given the true system. We demonstrate this approach by designing a nonlinear controller for a simple mechanical system patterned after a gymnast performing on a single parallel bar.
Efficacy of Nelfinavir as Monotherapy in Refractory Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial

Background Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACCs) are malignant salivary gland tumors noteworthy for high rates of late failure with limited salvage therapy options. We have previously shown increased Akt signaling is common in ACC and the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir (NFV) inhibits in vitro tumor growth by suppressing Akt signaling. This phase II trial was conducted to determine progression free survival in response to NFV in patients with recurrent/end stage ACC who have failed standard therapies.
Interactive Algorithm Development System For Tactical Image Exploitation

The Honeywell Image Research Laboratory was created to provide an algorithm development engineering tool for real time image processing systems. Complex algorithms can be developed and studied prior to expensive commitment to special purpose real time hardware.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Edge-based finite element scheme for the Euler equations

We describe the development, validation, and application of a new finite element scheme for the solution of the compressible Euler equations on unstructured grids. The implementation of the numerical scheme is based on an edge-based data structure, as opposed to a more traditional element-based data structure. The use of this edge-based data structure not only improves the efficiency of the algorithm but also enables a straightforward implementation of upwind schemes in the context of finite element methods. The algorithm has been tested and validated on some well-documented configurations. A flow solution about a complete F-18 fighter is shown to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm
Refereed article: A cryptographic key generation scheme for multilevel data security

In 1982, Akl and Taylor proposed an elegant solution to the partially ordered multilevel key distribution problem, using a cryptographic approach. Since then, continuing research has been conducted to try to realize and simplify their scheme. Generally speaking, there are two problems associated with their scheme. First, a large value associated with each security class needs to be made public. Secondly, new security classes are not permitted to be added into the system once all the security keys have been issued. Our paper presents a very similar approach. But, instead of using the top-down design approach as in their scheme, our scheme is using a bottom-up key generating procedure. The result is that the published values for most security classes can be much smaller than in their scheme. This property becomes more obvious for a broad and shallow hierarchical graph. In addition, our scheme can accommodate the changes of adding new security classes into the system.
Noninvasive imaging techniques to aid in the triage of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a review.

Evaluating patients who present with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to the Emergency Department (ED) remains one of the greatest clinical challenges in emergency medicine. The emergency physician must consider this diagnosis in patients who present with a broad range of symptoms, including chest pain and chest pain equivalents (shoulder, jaw, epigastric, or back pain) as well as any acute cardiovascular complaint (dyspnea, syncope, or palpitations). Furthermore, many patient subgroups with ACS will present either with ‘‘atypical features,’’ including weakness or confusion in elderly or diabetic patients, or as a secondary process in patients with an acute medical condition such as sepsis or shock. Patients also can present at varying intervals from symptom onset or symptom resolution to the ED. They may have previous cardiac disease or baseline EKG abnormalities that further complicate the initial triage decision-making. The approach to patients who are clinically unstable or have diagnostic EKG abnormalities is well defined. Cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the evaluation of patients with suspected ACS who have EKGs that are considered nondiagnostic. However, biomarkers often require serial measurement over 6 to 8 hours [1]. Although shorter intervals have been reported (presentation and 90 minutes) [2,3], and efforts are in progress to identify new biomarkers, such as activated platelets, that could potentially identify ACS before myocardial necrosis occurs [4–6], these measures have not been examined in well-controlled clinical trials [7,8]. The present approach in many chest pain centers is to, first, exclude myocardial necrosis
Activation of two forms of locomotion by a previously identified trigger interneuron for swimming in the medicinal leech

Higher-order projection interneurons that function in more than one behavior have been identified in a number of preparations. In this study, we document that stimulation of cell Tr1, a previously identified trigger interneuron for swimming in the medicinal leech, can also elicit the motor program for crawling in isolated nerve cords. We also show that motor choice is independent of the firing frequency of Tr1 and amount of spiking activity recorded extracellularly at three locations along the ventral nerve cord prior to Tr1 stimulation. On the other hand, during Tr1 stimulation there is a significant difference in the amount of activity elicited in the ventral nerve cord that correlates with the motor program activated. On average, Tr1 stimulation trials that lead to crawling elicit greater amounts of activity than in trials that lead to swimming.
Characteristics of the porcine kidney cell line IB-RS-2 clone D10 (IB-RS-2 D10) which is free of hog cholera virus.

A Brazilian stock of clone C17 of the IB-RS-2 porcine kidney cell line which was contaminated with hog cholera virus (HCV) was cloned. One clone designated IB-RS-2 D10 was determined to be free of HCV, 20 other viruses, andMycoplasma. IB-RS-2 D10 cells possessed the same viral susceptibility pattern as the contaminated parent cells to the viruses of foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis, and several other viruses. The IB-RS-2 D10 cells had a median chromosome count of 34, were morphologically epithelioid cells, and were resistant to HCV infection. Freedom from HCV affords advantages for vaccine production and avoids laboratory contamination.
The phenomenon of conglomerate crystallization. XV. Spontaneous resolution in coordination compounds. XIII. The crystallization behaviour and the crystal and molecular structure of Δ(λδ)-cis-Rh(en)2(NO2)2]Cl

Abstract The title compound, I, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with cell constants: a = 6.599(3), b = 11.121(2), c = 8.375(1) A and β = 106.35(2)°; V = 589.74 A3 and D(calc; Z = 2) = 1.974 g cm−3. The compound is isomorphous and isostructural with its Co analogue. A total of 2982 data were collected over the range of 4°  20  70°; of these, 2537 (independent and with I ⩾ 3σ(I)) were used in the structural analysis. Data were corrected for absorption (μ = 16.6 cm−1) and the relative transmission coefficients ranged from 1.000 to 0.9504. Refinement was carried out for both enantiomeric configurations and the crystal used was found to contain cations with Δ(λδ) absolute configuration. The final R(F) and Rw(F) residuals were, respectively 0.0220 and 0.0239 for (−−−; i.e.Δ(λδ)) and 0.0231 AND 0.0317 FOR (+++; i.e.Λ(δλ)). Thus, the former was selected as correct for our specimen. In the case of I, as well as in the Co derivative [cis-Co(en)2(NO2)2]Cl (II), the conformation of one of the rings is opposite that expected for the lowest energy conformation, which in the current case should be Δ(λλ)). The RhN(NO)2 distances are 2.020(2) and 2.010(2) A, while the RhN(amine) distances, trans to the NO2 ligands are 2.085(2) and 2.093(1) A, values distinctly longer than the other two RhN distances (2.064(1) and 2.068(1) A). The latter are the RhN distances to the terminalNH2 ligands located trans to each other. Thus, we observe a trans effect, which is more pronounced in I than in II, and which is of comparable magnitude to that observed in the case of the trien derivative, [cis-α-Rh(trien)(NO2)2]Cl(III). Parallel with an increase in metalN distances in going from [cis-α-Co(trien)NO2)2]Cl·H2) (IV) to (III) is an increase in the torsional angles of the outer rings (NCCN) of about 10°. Comparison of these parameters in I and II reveal that this change is not so marked for this pair since in I they are −54.9° and 52.8° while in II they are 50.2° and −48.1°; i.e. a change of only 4°. This important difference between trien and en derivatives is caused by the presence of the central five-membered ring, which for compounds III and IV remains largely unchanged, except for the metalN distances. The NO bond lengths are 1.244(3), 1.220)(2), 1.237(2) and 1.211(2) A, which are similar to those found for the analogous Co isomer. The CN bond lengths are 1.492(3), 1.474(2), 1.486(2) and 1.475(2) A, while the CC bonds are 1.509(3) and 1.524(3) A. These values are also comparable with those obtained for the Co isomer and, in fact, the pattern of the bonds is nearly identical in both, including the common feature of having a longer CC bond for the en ring with the conformation opposite that expected. As was the case with the Co analogue, the Cl− anion is associated with the hydrogens of the secondary nitrogen (trans to the −NO2) ligands, the Cl…H7 distance being 2.18(3) A and the
Pattern Formation in Diffusion-Limited Aggregation

The diffusion-limited-aggregation model is generalized in order to take into account the surface effects playing an essential role during most of the growth processes. With variation of a parameter of the model the geometry of the clusters generated in the Monte Carlo simulations gradually changes from the randomly branched diffusion-limited-aggregation clusters into compact, nearly regular, snowflakelike patterns. The deposition of particles along a line results in patterns similar to those observed in the experiments on directional solidification.
COSA: a contents-oriented self adaptive browsing approach

As it is one of the major applications of a PDA, surfing the Internet is always limited by its inadequate screen size and connection speed. In this paper, we introduce a content-oriented browsing protocol, which adaptively resizes the information based on the content to be received and the user's demand. The new scheme displays contents by their importance via a series of scaled layouts. We report the result of performance estimation and comparison. The result suggests that the new method lowers the latency of displaying contents of a webpage without losing any important data.
Growth and morphology of cadmium chalcogenides: the synthesis of nanorods, tetrapods, and spheres from CdO and Cd(O2CCH3)2

In this work, we investigated the controlled growth of nanocrystalline CdE (E = S, Se, and Te) via the pyrolysis of CdO and Cd(O2CCH3)2 precursors, at the specific Cd to E mole ratio of 0.67 to 1. The experimental results reveal that while the growth of CdS produces only a spherical morphology, CdSe and CdTe exhibit rod-like and tetrapod-like morphologies of temporally controllable aspect ratios. Over a 7200 s time period, CdS spheres grew from 4 nm (15 s aliquot) to 5 nm, CdSe nanorods grew from dimensions of 10.8 × 3.6 nm (15 s aliquot) to 25.7 × 11.2 nm, and CdTe tetrapods with arms 15 × 3.5 nm (15 s aliquot) grew into a polydisperse mixture of spheres, rods, and tetrapods on the order of 20 to 80 nm. Interestingly, long tracks of self-assembled CdSe nanorods (3.5 × 24 nm) of over one micron in length were observed. The temporal growth for each nanocrystalline material was monitored by UV-VIS spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, and further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. This study has elucidated the vastly different morphologies available for CdS, CdSe, and CdTe during the first 7200 s after injection of the desired chalcogenide.
Active Ca2+ transport by membrane vesicles from pigeon erythrocytes Stimulation by amino acids, ATP, GTP, P1 and some other cell constituents

Pretreatment of pigeon erythrocyte membrane vesicles with amino acids, ATP, GTP, Pi and some other simple cell constituents (singly and in combination) causes an increase in ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake activity of vesicles upon subsequent incubation with 45Ca2+ after removal of the above agents from the 'i' face. Amino acids augment the stimulation by all stimulatory agents and are required for stimulation by Pi. The effects of amino acids, ATP, GTP and Pi all occur at physiological concentrations. Many if not all of the effects of the mixture of amino acids that occur naturally in the cells can be accounted for by the group transported by the 'ASC' transport system of Christensen (Christensen, H.N. (1975) Biological Transport, 2nd edn., W.A. Benjamin, Inc., Reading, MA), but not by any single amino acid at its physiological concentration. The effects of ATP and GTP are not mimicked by their non-hydrolysable beta,gamma-imido analogues not by the corresponding 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates. None of the effects described appears to involve calmodulin. We suggest that amino acid transport plays a role in metabolic regulation through effects on cell [Ca2+]. Analogous effects on cell [Ca2+] may be involved in the action of the many hormones which augment amino acid accumulation by the 'A' amino acid transport system.
Optical imaging of breast tumor by using Dual wavelength amplitude cancellation system (phased array)

Early detection of the breast cancer can significantly decrease the mortality of this epidemic disease.
Tropes, Materiality, and Ritual Embodiment of African Iron Smelting Furnaces as Human Figures

The largest baked clay figure in Africa is an iron smelting furnace. Clay breasts, vaginal openings, testicle-like bellows, and penis-like blow pipes are part of a culturally constructed reproductive system using the female body and parts of the male anatomy. Ritual embodiments using potent tropes, body gestures, and sounds transform furnaces into human bodies. Anthropological representations have long examined only female fecundity and misrepresented reproductive processes such as menses. Thick description of ritual expressions, however, sheds new light on previously dichotomous categories of male and female in iron smelting and creates a more complete understanding of the materiality of the female body in baked clay furnaces.
Nitride VECSELs as light sources for biomedical applications

In-well-pumped blue InGaN/GaN vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers are demonstrated. The laser structures were grown on bulk GaN substrates by using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy near atmospheric pressure. The active zone consisted of up to 20 InGaN quantum wells distributed in a resonant periodic gain configuration. High-reflectivity dielectric distributed Bragg-reflectors were used as mirrors. Laser emission with a single longitudinal mode at 440 nm was achieved by exclusively pumping the quantum wells with the 384 nm emission line of a dye-/N2-laser.
Molecular properties of local anesthetics: crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl- p -nitrobenzoate hydrochloride

The crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl-p-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride (C13H18N2O4, HCl) been has determined from three-dimensional diffractometer data. A detailed discussion of the molecular structure is presented, together with a comparison to other similar local anesthetic structures.
Syntheses and novel uses of nitroxide motion probes

Abstract A number of nitroxide spin lables of different molecular geometry were synthesized. These were used to infer the effect of molecular geometry and matrix ordering upon the extent of rotational anisotropy. Simulations were used in conjunction with selected spin labels to demonstrate that enhanced tumbling about the x- and y-principal axes of the nitroxide gives rise to unique spectra and can be recognized qualitatively.
Asian‐American consumers as a unique market segment: fact or fallacy?

The Asian‐American consumer group is thought to be the fastest‐growing market in the USA. Asian‐Americans are thought to be well‐educated, generally affluent, and geographically concentrated. However, significant cultural and language differences among Asian subgroups are often overlooked. These include patterns of information gathering, use of promotional media, and methods of household decision making. This article presents a comparative marketing examination of the similarities and differences among five of the largest Asian‐American groups and develops implications for marketing strategies.
The ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas: a look back into the 20th century and a peek into the 21st

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses have been an integral part of terrestrial ecosystems since the invasion of land by plants. Studies on the descriptions, phylogenetic relationships, and world-wide distributions date back to the late 1800s. By the 1950s, the basic systematic position of the fungi was known. By the early 1980s the underlying functions of AM were documented. During the last decade, most research has focused on detailing the varying forms that AM functions could take as the species compositions environments and environment/species interactions varied. Research into the next century should begin to develop a better understanding of population genetics of the fungi and how those influence phylogeny and ecological functioning, a better evaluation of the subtle changes in ‘mycorrhizal functioning’ given the large divergence in environmental and biological interactions, and the ability to link mycorrhizal dynamics into the changing global conditions.
Indirect Detection of DNA Damage

In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Naegeli and coworkers [1] show that the nucleotide excision repair system of mammalian cells detects bulky DNA adducts, not by recognition of the adduct per se, but by recognition of the undamaged partner strand in bulged form.
Thrombotic Complications of Indwelling Central Catheters Used for Chronic Hemodialysis

A new double-lumen silicone-rubber dialysis catheter, designed to be placed surgically in central veins, is now available. There is little published data concerning the long-term use of this catheter for hemodialysis, but a review of the literature suggests that pericatheter thrombus formation with or without occlusion of major veins has been a complication of chronic central venous catheterization with a variety of catheters, in both dialysis and nondialysis settings. We had this catheter placed in four diabetic patients who had severe problems related to maintenance of adequate vascular access. Two of the four patients underwent venography within 3 months of catheter placement because of impaired catheter function and were found to have thrombi on the outside of their catheters. These thrombi could not be dissolved with fibrinolytic agents, and the catheters were removed surgically without incident. The other two patients have no radiologic evidence of thrombus formation 4 and 7 months, respectively, after catheter placement. We suggest that proper selection of patients for this type of vascular access should be the subject of future studies and that patients with malfunctioning catheters undergo venography to rule out the presence of significant catheter related thrombosis.
Statistical Matching Using File Concatenation With Adjusted Weights and Multiple Imputations

Statistically matched files are created in an attempt to solve the practical problem that exists when no single file has the full set of variables needed for drawing important inferences. Previous methods of file matching are reviewed, and the method of file concatenation with adjusted weights and multiple imputations is described and illustrated on an artificial example. A major benefit of this approach is the ability to display sensitivity of inference to untestable assumptions being made when creating the matched file.
The flavonoids of Margaranthus

Abstract Four flavonols based on either quercetin or kaempferol are found in Margaranthus . The compounds are uniform throughout the populations examined and no evidence is present for the recognition of more than one species. The flavonols are similar to those found in related in genera, and do not provide a basis for the exclusion of Margaranthus from the subtribe Solaninae.
Enhanced Membrane Permeability in E. coli Induced by Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate

It is well known that the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular suspension of a variety of cell types increases the relative permeability of the cell membrane to a number of molecular species. We have previously demonstrated the use of time-resolved second-harmonic laser scattering (SHLS) and bright-field transmission microscopy (TM) as complementary real-time probes of molecular uptake in living cells (1,2) which are capable of revealing membrane-specific transport kinetics. Herein, we employ SHLS and TM to quantify the ATP-induced enhancement of membrane permeability in living Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, we characterize the variation of the uptake rate of the cationic triphenyl methane dye malachite green (MG) into E. coli as a function of the concentration of ATP added to the extracellular suspension. As expected, due to the presence of the outer membrane (OM) porin channels, no change in the OM transport kinetics is observed. Conversely, transport across the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) is shown to increase by nearly an order of magnitude. Additionally, the presence of ATP results in an increase of MG adsorption onto the CM, suggesting that the permeability enhancement likely arises from a potential differential across the membrane. To gain mechanistic insight into the observed enhancement, we conduct control experiments using liposomes generated from lipids isolated from E. coli, including liposomes 1) composed solely of lipids, 2) with internalized ATP, 3) reconstituted with nucleoside transporters, and/or 4) reconstituted with ATP binding cassette cation transporters (and associated internalized cations). Subsequently, using model systems of gradually increasing complexity, the effectiveness of each membrane component on the observed permeability enhancement is compared.1. Zeng, J., et al., (2013) Biophys. J., 104:139-145.2. Wilhelm, M.J., et al., (2014) Chem. Phys. Lett., 605-606:158-163.
Gender of French Nouns by Endings

FOR third-year composition in the University of California I have been using for some time a list of nouns arranged as to gender by their endings. For such a list to be useful it need not be absolutely complete, since many technical terms are never needed by students for college composition. Experience has shown, however, that even common words escape attention; this list may then stimulate the reader to make useful additions, and serve also, I trust, as a convenient tool. Of the many helps for learning genders in French, none is complete within a.single classification. Names of rivers, countries, professions, and the like, are helpful, but only for a very limited number of words. It is also useful to know the Latin etyma, but such knowledge is rare even among graduate students. Noun-endings offer a classification available to all students, and one which can really be learned in a very short time. A cursory examination of the list will show it, merits and defects. Words ending in consonants are obviously usually masculine: the exceptions are mostly common words. Words ending in mute -e are more difficult to classify, but the smallest number of words of a single gender with the same ending were considered as exceptions: thus, in -be, for five masculine words there are at least ten common feminine ones. In so compact a list it becomes necessary for the instructor to explain several details. The starred words, having two genders, usually with different meanings, demand definition. Of these, some, such as le part and le periode, are hardly worth even mentioning, so limited is their usage. The instructor must further impress on the student the difference between noun and substantive, for the latter varies in gender: it is neuter when referring to abstractions (le faux, le vague), masculine when referring to male things (le mort), feminine when referring to female things (la morte, la fourbe). Borderline words, really substantives but commonly used as regular nouns, should be included in the list: such are la typhoide, annexe. Some instructors may find distinctions according to abstract and concrete ideas impracticable, but these distinctions have always helped students here and been very acceptable to them. Finally, the list is published in French, as this is considered the most fitting form in which to present it to university students.
Cell-to-cell communication of equine uterine tube (oviduct) cells as determined by anchored cell analysis in culture

Cell culture systems using uterine tube (oviduct) epithelial cells (UTEC) have been described in several species; however, the presence and relative degrees of cell coupling occurring between these cells is unknown. This study was done to evaluate the cell-to-cell communication of cultured equine UTEC obtained from mares in the follicular phase. Monolayers of cells were grown from either primary explants or from passaged and frozen-thawed UTEC. Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions was measured by an anchored cell analysis and sorting computerized workstation. The UTEC were labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Specific cells located in cell aggregates were photobleached, then the percentage of fluorescence recovery through gap junction mediated dye diffusion from neighboring cells was determined. Levels of cell communication and changes in intracellular calcium were also measured for UTEC before and after the addition of stallion sperm cells to the cell aggregates. The UTEC of both primary and passaged frozen-thawed cells showed cell coupling in vitro, with almost all cells having some fluorescence recovery. There was no difference in the percentage of fluorescence recovery seen between primary or passaged frozen-thawed UTEC cell groups (P = 0.24). The addition of sperm cells to the monolayer cells increased intracellular UTEC calcium levels (P < 0.001). There was also a tendency (P = 0.07) for UTEC coupling to increase in sperm cell co-culture. However, UTEC contraction and movement of the monolayer cells after co-culture with sperm cells made it difficult to accurately follow individual cells with a fluorescence-based anchored cell analysis and sorting workstation. This study indicates that equine UTEC display gap junction mediated cell communication in culture.
Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and stratigraphic completeness

A fundamental limiting factor in the precision of magnetostratigraphic correlation is stratigraphic completeness. Sadler [1981] has suggested a method by which the expected completeness of any given stratigraphic section can be calculated given the thickness, duration, and depositional environment. The technique is probabilistic and requires the investigator to specify a meaningful short-term time scale at which completeness is to be estimated. For magnetostratigraphy, the short-term time scale is defined by the duration of the polarity chron or other polarity feature of interest. Sadler's method allows the probability of observing such features to be quantified. It is a useful tool for evaluating the reliability of magnetostratigraphic correlations and for judging between alternative correlations.
Displacement of soil pore water by trichloroethylene

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLS) are important pollutants because of their widespread use as chemical and industrial solvents. An example of the pollution caused by the discharge of DNAPLs is found at the Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, where trichloroethylene (TCE) has been discharged directly into the unsaturated zone. This discharge has resulted in the formation of a plume of TCE-contaminated water in the aquifer downgradient of the discharge. A zone of dark-colored groundwater containing a high dissolved organic C content has been found near the point of discharge of the TCE. The colored-water plume extends from the point of discharge at least 30 m (100 feet) downgradient. Fulvic acids isolated from the colored-waters plume, from water from a background well that has not been affected by the discharge of chlorinated solvents, and from soil pore water collected in a lysimeter installed at an uncontaminated site upgradient of the study area have been compared. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the fulvic acids from the colored waters and from the lysimeter am very similar, but are markedly different from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the fulvic acid from the background well. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and the DOC fractionation profile ofmore » the colored groundwater and the soil pore water are very similar to each other, but quite different from those of the background water. It is proposed from these observations that this colored water is soil pore water that has been displaced by a separate DNAPL liquid phase downward to the saturated zone. 15 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.« less