cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen storage properties and characteristics of rare earth compounds

The characteristics of rare earth intermetallic compounds that absorb sufficient hydrogen to be of interest for energy storage purposes were surveyed, and the status of the materials technology and their application's potential reported. All of the properties pertinent to viable hydrogen energy storage are discussed. Hydrogen appears more and more to be an attractive alternative energy carrier with hydride storage as a key element in systems approaches. Some of the current and projected near-term applications are catalogued. Industrial participation is beginning to emerge and shows good potential for expansion. The rare earth compounds and alloys are playing an important role in this evolutionary process. The criteria of hydride formation are described, and the current knowledge of predictive approaches are outlined. The rare earths show promise in adjusting and modifying storage properties of intermetallic compounds that hydride. The interstitial hole size-stability correlation developed in our laboratories has demonstrated itself to be a very useful and important tool in this respect.
Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance: A Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village

Some Spirits Heal, Others Only Dance:. Journey into Human Selfhood in an African Village. Roy Willis. Oxford: Berg, 1999. viii. 220 pp., maps, photographs, illustrations, appendix, bibliography, glossary, index.
Erosion and landscape development affect plant nutrient status in the Hawaiian Islands

We quantified variation in plant nutrient concentrations and provenance along catenas in landscapes of three different ages (0.15, 1.4, and 4.1 ma) in the Hawaiian Islands. Strontium (Sr) isotopes demonstrate that erosion provides a renewed source of rock-derived nutrients to slopes in landscapes of all ages, in some cases reversing a million years of ecosystem development in a distance of 100 m. However the effects of this input vary with landscape age. Plants on uneroded surfaces in a 0.15-ma landscape derive ~20% of their Sr from local bedrock (foliar 87Sr/86Sr~0.7085), while on adjacent slopes this increases to ~80% (foliar 87Sr/86Sr~0.7045). Despite this shift in provenance, foliar N and P do not vary systematically with slope position. Conversely, eroded slopes in a 4.1-ma landscape show smaller increases in rock-derived cations relative to stable uplands (foliar 87Sr/86Sr~0.7075 vs 0.7090), but have >50% higher foliar N and P. These results demonstrate both that erosion can greatly increase nutrient availability in older landscapes, and that the ecological effects of erosion vary with landscape age. In addition, there can be as much biogeochemical variation on fine spatial scales in eroding landscapes as there is across millions of years of ecosystem development on stable surfaces.
Armendariz rings and gaussian rings

We prove a number of results concerning Armendariz rings and Gaussian rings. Recall that a (commutative) ring R is (Gaussian) Armendariz if for two polynomials f,g∈R[X] (the ideal of R generated by the coefficients of f g is the product of the ideals generated by the coefficients of f and g) fg = 0 implies a i b j=0 for each coefficient a i of f and b j of g. A number of examples of Armendariz rings are given. We show that R Armendariz implies that R[X] is Armendariz and that for R von Neumann regularR is Armendariz if and only if R is reduced. We show that R is Gaussian if and only if each homomorphic image of R is Armendariz. Characterizations of when R[X] and R[X] are Gaussian are given.
TRMM VIRS: a design for low radiation space environments

The Visual and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) is an instrument aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. This instrument uses a paddle wheel mirror arrangement in conjunction with a Cassegrain telescope to obtain five bands of calibration and earth data. The acquisition, packetization, and transmission of the data is coordinated by one of two 1750 A-based processor boards. This processor and its associated flight software are also responsible for receiving commands, executing commands, and safing the instrument. The design of the VIRS processor hardware and flight software was driven by a number of the usual concerns over reliability and availability. However, one of the other major design drivers was the operating environment of the satellite. Since the VIRS is operating at an altitude of 350 kilometers, the environment is a fairly benign one with respect to radiation exposure. This paper describes the top-level operation and design of the VIRS instrument. The operation section summarizes the top-level operation of the instrument. The design section focuses on the hardware and software tradeoffs that were made with a low radiation environment in mind. >
Coping patterns in mothers/caregivers of children with chronic feeding problems.

Abstract Introduction In this study, with use of the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), coping behaviors were examined in 35 mothers/ caregivers of children with chronic feeding problems during hospitalization for treatment of these problems. Coping in families of children with these problems has not been addressed in research. This information is beneficial in planning and implementing treatment and follow-up services. Method Correlations and t tests were used to look at variables related to the mothers'/caregivers' coping patterns and to compare their frequency of usage of these patterns. Results The mothers/caregivers in this study were most likely to cope with their child's feeding problems by making active attempts to understand the problems and by doing activities with family members. Several child and family variables were significantly related to maternal coping patterns. Discussion These results suggest that it is important to provide a variety of resources to families of children with chronic feeding problems during their children's hospitalizations, including access to support and information groups. The results also suggest that it is beneficial for these families to acquire a thorough understanding of their child's medical situation because this understanding seems to help them in their ability to cope.
MIMO precoding and mode adaptation in femtocellular systems

Hierarchical femtocellular architectures have become popular recently because of their potential to provide increased coverage and capacity in cellular systems. However, introduction of femtocells might reduce the overlay macrocellular system performance due to increased interference caused to macrocellular users. In this article, two MIMO precoding techniques are considered at the femtocellular base stations (FBSs) to control the interference to the macrocellular users: precoding matrix index (PMI), and least interference (LI). With MIMO precoding, the limited CSI at the transmitter is the index of the precoder chosen from the codebook fed back by the receiver. The LI technique can be employed at the FBSs to maximize the macrocellular throughput, but it also results in significant reduction in femtocellular throughput. The PMI approach can maximize the signal power at a desired receiver, with minimal feedback. In this article, we develop algorithms that adapt at the FBSs between the LI and PMI schemes to increase both the macrocellular and femtocellular throughputs. We show that allowing for mode adaptation at each FBS improves the system performance when compared with using the same mode across the system, and a simple binary choice at each FBS can nearly achieve the optimum mode-adaptation performance. Analysis and simulation results in a multicell environment are presented to illustrate the improvement in system performance with the proposed techniques.
Automatic Nonduplication Protection Using an Audio Envelope Correlator

A system is described to implement the FCC's nonduplication rule which requires deletion from cable television systems of network programming material which would duplicate the programming of a local TV station. A correlation device is used to compare aural program material from two TV stations.
Pancreatic Heterotopia as a Cause of an Acute Abdomen

A 6-year-old boy with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and leucocytosis was found to have a small nodule of heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the wall of the jejunum. Leakage of pancreatic enzymes caused inflammation and hemorrhagic necrosis of adjacent smooth muscle. Excision of the lesion was followed by prompt and permanent relief of all signs and symptoms. Small intestinal pancreatic rests can cause acute and chronic abdominal complaints and should be carefully sought at laparotomy when no other etiology is encountered.
Subspecialty Virtual Impact Factors within a Dedicated Neuroimaging Journal

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The growing number of subspecialties within neuroradiology compete for pages in neuroradiology journals. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the American Journal of Neuroradiology to identify the virtual Impact Factor of different journal subsections and article topics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Original Research and Review Articles published in American Journal of Neuroradiology during 2010–2012 were evaluated. The journal section for each article was recorded, and the number of citations was evaluated by using the Web of Science database. Numbers of citations within the first 2 years after publication were evaluated, normalized to the 2013 journal Impact Factor (for American Journal of Neuroradiology , 3.675), and used to calculate a virtual Impact Factor for different journal subsections. RESULTS: One thousand forty-nine Original Research and Review Articles were published during this time, which obtained an average of 6.59 citations each within their first 2 years after publication; 91.8% of articles obtained at least 1 citation. Expedited Publications had the greatest number of citations, averaging 43.7 citations each (virtual Impact Factor, 24.39), followed by Review Articles averaging 9.39 citations each (virtual Impact Factor 5.23). Virtual Impact Factors for other sections were the following: Interventional, 4.54; Brain, 3.70; Pediatrics, 2.91; Functional, 2.74; Head & Neck, 2.24; and Spine, 1.86. Virtual Impact Factors for article topics were the following: interventional, 4.75; functional/advanced, 3.79; brain, 3.66; pediatrics, 2.99; head and neck, 2.46; and spine, 2.32. CONCLUSIONS: Citation patterns of Original Research and Review Articles in American Journal of Neuroradiology varied widely on the basis of subsections. Understanding the citation patterns of specific topics and subsections of a journal may aid authors and editors in evaluating the appropriate balance among various topics and allow authors to determine whether their articles are being cited at a level expected for similar ones in a journal.
Hippocrates, Maimonides and the doctor's responsibility.

Jack Kevorkian criticizes the Hippocratic tradition in Greek medicine, which bans the physician from giving his patient a lethal medication. He sees this prohibition as potentially bringing harm to a suffering patient and not reflective of the larger Greek society which was tolerant and even approving of suicide. However, Kevorkian’s advocacy of doctor-assisted suicide can be seen as the polarity of doctor abandonment of the suffering patient rather than as an antidote to it. Both positions involve an outcome of physician removal from the suffering patient, which can be contrasted with Maimonides’ command to the physician to watch over the life and death of his patients.
Modeling Brain Anatomy with 3D Arrangements of Curves

We employ 3D arrangements of curves to represent and analyze biological shapes, in particular, the anatomy of the human brain. The arrangements of curves may vary from fairly sparse - such as a collection of sulcal lines that coarsely approximates the global shape of the brain - to very dense decompositions of the cortical surface into space curves. A space of shapes of such arrangements is constructed equipped with geodesic metrics that can be used in conjunction with curve registration techniques to quantify shape resemblance or dissimilarity, as well as to identify the regions where anatomical differences are most pronounced. The metric is applied to the panellation and labeling of configurations associated with the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Examples are also given of geodesic interpolations between decompositions into space curves of surfaces representing the entire left hemisphere of the brain.
Evidence that NADP+ Is the Physiological Cofactor of ADP-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose 6-Epimerase

Abstract ADP-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose 6-epimerase is required for lipopolysaccharide inner core biosynthesis in several genera of Gram-negative bacteria. The enzyme contains both fingerprint sequences Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Gly and Gly-X-X-Gly-X-X-Gly near its N terminus, which is indicative of an ADP binding fold. Previous studies of this ADP-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose 6-epimerase (ADP-hep 6-epimerase) were consistent with an NAD+cofactor. However, the crystal structure of this ADP-hep 6-epimerase showed bound NADP (Deacon, A. M., Ni, Y. S., Coleman, W. G., Jr., and Ealick, S. E. (2000)Structure 5, 453–462). In present studies, apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase was reconstituted with NAD+, NADP+, and FAD. In this report we provide data that shows NAD+ and NADP+ both restored enzymatic activity, but FAD could not. Furthermore, ADP-hep 6-epimerase exhibited a preference for binding of NADP+ over NAD+. The K dvalue for NADP+ was 26 μm whereas that for NAD+ was 45 μm. Ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra showed that apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase reconstituted with NADP+ had more secondary structure than apo-ADP-hep 6-epimerase reconstituted with NAD+. Perchloric acid extracts of the purified enzyme were assayed with NAD+-specific alcohol dehydrogenase and NADP+-specific isocitric dehydrogenase. A sample of the same perchloric acid extract was analyzed in chromatographic studies, which demonstrated that ADP-hep 6-epimerase binds NADP+ in vivo. A structural comparison of ADP-hep 6-epimerase with UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, which utilizes an NAD+cofactor, has identified the regions of ADP-hep 6-epimerase, which defines its specificity for NADP+.
A Historical Perspective on Garlic and Cancer

Epidemiological and laboratory studies provide insight into the anticarcinogenic potential of garlic and its constituent compounds. Both water- and lipid-soluble allyl sulfur compounds are effective in blocking a myriad of chemically induced tumors. Part of the protection from these compounds probably relates to a block in nitrosamine formation and metabolism. However, blockage in the initiation and promotion phases of the carcinogenicity of various compounds, including polycyclic hydrocarbons, provide evidence that garlic and its constituents can alter several phase I and II enzymes. Their ability to block experimentally induced tumors in a variety of sites including skin, mammary and colon, suggests a general mechanism of action. Changes in DNA repair and in immunocompetence may also account for some of this protection. Some, but not all, allyl sulfur compounds can also effectively retard tumor proliferation and induce apoptosis. Changes in cellular thiol and phosphorylation stains may account for some of these antitumorigenic properties. The anticarcinogenic potential of garlic can be influenced by several dietary components including specific fatty acids, selenium, and vitamin A. Since garlic and its constituents can suppress carcinogen formation, carcinogen bioactivation, and tumor proliferation it is imperative that biomarkers be established to identify which individuals might benefit most and what intakes can occur with ill consequences.
The Effect of Adhesion on the Static Friction Properties of Sidewall Contact Interfaces of Microelectromechanical Devices

Static friction between sidewall contact surfaces of polycrystalline silicon micromachines was investigated under different contact pressures, vacuum conditions, relative humidity levels, and temperatures. The static coefficient of friction exhibited a nonlinear dependence on the external contact pressure. A difference between in-contact and pull-out adhesion forces was observed due to the elastic recovery of the deformed asperities at the contact interface. The true static coefficient of friction was determined by considering the effects of the dominant adhesion forces (i.e., van der Waals and capillary forces) on the normal force applied at the sidewall contact interface. The roles of van der Waals and capillary forces in the sidewall friction behavior were analyzed in light of results for the interfacial shear strength and the adhesion force. The major benefits of the present friction micromachine and the developed experimental scheme are discussed in the context of static coefficient of friction and adhesion force results obtained under different environmental and loading conditions
Logic design using VHDL

In the digital system design world, VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language) has become an essential tool for designers. Understanding VHDL will help students successfully find a well paying position in today's job market. Nevertheless, not all engineering schools, especially those without a graduate program, offer a VHDL course. This paper intends to show how to integrate basic VHDL in the junior level Logic Design Course.
Multi-CFD Timing Estimators for PET Block Detectors

In a conventional PET system with block detectors, a timing estimator is created by generating the analog sum of the signals from the four photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in a module and discriminating the sum with a single constant fraction discriminator (CFD). The differences in the propagation time between the PMTs in the module can potentially degrade the timing resolution of the module. While this degradation is probably too small to affect performance in conventional PET imaging, it may impact the timing inaccuracy for time-of-flight PET systems (which have higher timing resolution requirements). Using a separate CFD for each PMT might allow for propagation time differences to be compensated through calibration and correction in software. In this paper we investigate and quantify the timing resolution achievable when the signal from each of the 4 PMTs is digitized by a separate CFD. Several methods are explored for both obtaining values for the propagation time differences between the PMTs and combining the four arrival times to form a single timing estimator. We find that the propagation time correction offsets are best derived through an exhaustive search, and that the "weighted average" method provides the best timing estimator. Using these methods, the timing resolution achieved with 4 CFDs (1052plusmn82 ps) is equivalent to the timing resolution with the conventional single CFD setup (1064plusmn216 ps)
Holographic interferometers with photorefractive recording media.

We discuss two types of holographic interferometer that contain photorefractive recording media. The first type contains two beams interacting in a photorefractive medium. The second type utilizes a single beam and relies on self-pumped phase conjugation from a photorefractive crystal to make phase changes appear as intensity changes. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the first type can be analyzed in a straightforward manner; however, the second type cannot be approximated as simply a special case of the first type, as one may naively suspect.
Dependence of the I-V curve of a metal insulator semiconductor switch on insulator thickness-an experimental and theoretical investigation

Although the metal insulator semiconductor switch (Al/SiO/sub 2//n-Si/p-Si) has been investigated for quite some time, there has been no systematic report on the influence of the oxide thickness on the current-voltage (I-V) curve. We fabricated four types of metal insulator semiconductor switches where the only intentional difference was the thickness of the oxide. We observed, both experimentally and by simulation, that the I-V curves of these devices are very sensitive to the oxide thickness. While the simulated curves only agree with the measured ones in certain trends, the simulation provides some insight to the operation of the device. The onset of the negative resistance region in the curve is so sensitive to the electron and hole tunneling currents that the these devices could be used to characterize ultrathin oxides. Extremely high current densities (10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/) have been driven through the ultrathin oxides without significantly changing the device characteristics. We believe this is the highest, steady-state, current density through an oxide reported to date.
Computer-aided design of non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Design principles are delineated for non-nucleoside inhibitors for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs). Simultaneous optimization of binding affinity for wild-type RT, tolerance for viral mutations, and physical properties is pursued. Automated lead generation with the growing program BOMB, Monte Carlo simulations with free-energy perturbation theory for lead optimization, and property analysis with QikProp are featured. An initial 30 microM lead has been optimized rapidly to the 10 nM level.
Increasing Innovation: A Trilogy of Experiments Towards a Design-by-Analogy Method

Design by analogy is a noted approach for conceptual design. This paper seeks to develop a robust design-byanalogy method. This endeavor is sought through a series of three experiments focusing on understanding the influence of representation on the design-by-analogy process. The first two experiments evaluate the effects of analogous product description--presented in either domain-general or domainspecific language--on a designer’s ability to later use the product to solve a novel design problem. Six different design problems with corresponding analogous products are evaluated. The third experiment in the series uses a factorial design to explore the effects of the representation (domain specific or general sentinel descriptions) for both the design problem and the analogous product on the designer’s ability to develop solutions to novel design problems. Results show that a more general representation of the analogous products facilitates later use for a novel design problem. The highest rates of success occur when design problems are presented in domain specific representations and the analogous product is in a domain general representation. Other insights for the development of design by analogy methods and tools are also discussed.
Energy Economics: A Benefit-Cost Consideration Of Corn-Based Ethanol And Bio-Fuel

This paper discusses salient characteristics of corn-based ethanol and bio-fuels. The discussions contained within this paper consider the historical and contemporary attributes of such corn-based ethanol and bio-fuels characteristics, global and domestic considerations, the production and generation of such fuels, the usefulness and applications of such fuels, various growth potentials and barriers, future potentials, and financial costs and benefits. Based on these discussions, conclusions are presented and various recommendations are offered.
Do Judgmental Researchers Use their Own Research? A Review of Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases

Assume the following problem: you must select a set of k items from a population of N, where the boundaries of N are ill-defined and no census of the population is available. How should you proceed? According to the research in Judgment Under Uncertainty (JUU), decision-makers are prone to numerous errors in such tasks.More specifically, the problem Kahneman, Slovic, and Tversky (KST) faced was to select, from a large number of existing papers, those that would be most useful to their potential audience. As nearly as I can tell, they made their selections by unaided intuition. As a result, the book suffers from the very problems that the book discusses (e.g., anchoring, availability and representativeness).
Fluid Management and Blood Transfusion

“Fluid or no fluid?” This is a recurring question confronting anesthesiologists caring for patients in the perioperative settings. Some of the triggers for this query include preoperative fasting state, intraoperative hypotension, and postoperative oliguria. Controversy continues regarding how clinicians should assess volume status and determine end points of fluid therapy. Blood transfusion is often equally controversial, with few exceptions. Issues surrounding fluid and blood products are especially complex in the aged patient. In this chapter, fluid management and blood transfusion therapy in the context of care of the geriatric patient will be addressed.
Avoiding Phantom Income in Bankruptcy

In order to assure equal treatment of all creditors holding pre-petition claims, bankruptcy laws prevent a debtor in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case from paying pre-petition claims until a plan of reorganization is confirmed. Many bankruptcy debtors are not able to confirm a plan of reorganization in the same tax year that they file bankruptcy. Debtors are taxed on the post-petition collection of pre-petition income, but may be unable to deduct the related pre-petition expenses until payment is made in a later year when the plan of reorganization is confirmed. This results in phantom income - the debtor is taxed on income in year one that is earmarked for and will be used to pay creditor claims upon confirmation of the plan. This paper explores the existing error correction devices contained in the Tax Code that, under certain circumstances, may help mitigate the phantom income problem, including the net operating loss carryback rules, the use of Section 461(f) contested claim funds, Section 468B designated and qualified settlement funds, "Maxus Energy" funds, and complex trusts. None of these devices provides a reliable mechanism for avoiding the phantom income problem. The paper then suggests amendments to the Section 468B statute or regulations to provide a solution to the phantom income problem in bankruptcy.
Samuel Johnson, the Ossian Fraud, and the Celtic Revival in Great Britain and Ireland: Johnson on truth, frauds, and folklore: in the company of Thomas Percy

Truth, whether in great or little matters, he held sacred. Sir Joshua Reynolds, “On Johnson's Character” Famous for his fierce advocacy of integrity, Johnson demanded truth in life and literature. He possessed a Renaissance faith in the ability of reason and conscience to comprehend moral and religious principles of God's natural and revealed law. This older rationale for cognition he merged with the newer Enlightenment drive for empirical and inductive enquiry in all areas of endeavor, where fact-based knowledge led to larger generalizations about the human condition. Truth might be difficult to grasp as well as to bear, but it was prerequisite for all that was humanly worthwhile. One of the most moving statements in all his moral essays testifies fearlessly to the limitations of our ever fully apprehending the meaning of the objective world with anything like certainty: Life is not the object of science: we see a little, a very little; and what is beyond we only can conjecture … The only thought, therefore, on which we can repose with comfort, is that which presents to us the care of Providence, whose eye takes in the whole of things, and under whose direction all involuntary errors will terminate in happiness … ( Adventurer 107) Profound skepticism was as deeply rooted in Johnson as any confidence-laden conviction about our duty to find the truth, and both attitudes point to a desperate human need for the divine.
Collision-free and curvature-continuous path smoothing in cluttered environments

We present a novel trajectory computation algorithm to smooth jerky collision-free paths computed by samplebased motion planners. Our approach uses cubic B-splines to generate G or curvature continuous trajectories. The algorithm performs local spline refinement to compute smooth, collision-free paths in narrow passages and satisfy velocity and acceleration constraints. We also present a fast and reliable algorithm for collision checking between robot and the environment along the B-spline trajectories. We highlight the performance of our algorithm on complex benchmarks, including path computation for rigid and articulated models in tight spaces and cluttered environments.
Toothless Tigers in a Metropolitan Revolution: Are Metropolitan Governance Entities Equally Ineffective?

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) are required by federal statute in urbanized areas with populations greater than 50,000 to coordinate transportation policy in order to prioritize projects for federal funding through the FTA and FHWA. Despite the fact that these organizations, some of which have been in place since the 1960s, have tremendous potential to contribute to the governance of American metropolitan regions MPOs have been largely dismissed in governance literature as insignificant. This paper argues that it is unlikely that all 397 MPOs currently active in the United States are equally ineffective and that there are substantial reasons to suspect that some are more relevant than others as policy actors in their metropolitan regions. This contribution lays the groundwork for future empirical research by elaborating this argument and proposing a typology for and categorizing MPOs in the fifty largest metropolitan areas. It then outlines the core hypotheses of the project linking the structure of MPOs to their ability to generate a shared vision of metropolitan governance (regional vision), to influence policies at other political scales (policy capacity), and to encourage collaboration between metropolitan actors (brokerage).
Research: People Vaccinated by Pharmacists: Descriptive Epidemiology

Objective To describe the demographic, clinical, and attitudinal characteristics of people vaccinated by pharmacists, using a multistate sample of pharmacists and a more extensive set of parameters than previous studies. Design Cross-sectional survey. Patients and Other Participants 1,730 adults vaccinated at 21 community pharmacies in 17 cities in 10 states. Main Outcome Measures: Vaccinees' age, sex, and selected demographic characteristics; current medications and prescription use patterns; distance traveled to pharmacy; and opinions about vaccine providers. Results 60% of respondents were women; average age was 54 ± 15 years. One-quarter were age 65 years or older. About 9% were younger than 65 and took medication for chronic heart or lung disease or diabetes. Almost half took prescribed medications chronically, and 84% came to the pharmacy intending to be vaccinated. All of the respondents believed they were treated respectfully. Many respondents considered the pharmacy advantageous, compared with other vaccine providers, based on access, proximity, trust, convenience, and/or cost. Conclusion Respondents vaccinated by a community pharmacist were satisfied with the experience and would recommend it to others.
Thermal phase noise in Fabry-Pérot resonators and fiber Bragg gratings

We report a rigorous derivation of the power spectral density (PSD) spectrum of the phase noise in the transmitted and reflected signals of a Fabry-P\'erot (FP) interferometer. In transmission off and on resonance, the PSD at low frequencies is found to be simply equal to the PSD of the single-pass phase noise (the phase noise acquired by a signal that has traveled once through the FP interferometer) times ${({n}_{g}/n)}^{2}$, where ${n}_{g}$ is the group index and $n$ the phase index of the light inside the FP interferometer. Equivalently, the phase noise (in radians) is equal to the single-pass phase-noise times ${n}_{g}/n$. This result states that the phase noise is proportional to the number of passes light makes through the FP interferometer, as expected physically. This simple expression provides a quick means of calculating the phase noise in a linear Fabry-P\'erot interferometer of any length in the range of frequencies of interest to the most applications. At high frequencies, we show that the PSD spectrum can also be expressed in a simple closed-form expression on resonance, but that off resonance it must be calculated numerically. Numerical simulations show that the PSD oscillates between 3 dB below the low-frequency PSD and 3 dB below the single-pass PSD. Equivalent expressions are derived for the phase noise in the signal reflected by a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer, which is found to have the same magnitude at low frequencies, but to be typically significantly lower at high frequencies.
Coupled Flight Simulator and CFD Calculations of Ship Airwake using Kestrel

The coherent vortical wakes of the flow past Navy ships can pose a flight risk to fixed and rotary wing aircraft landing on the deck. Safety can be greatly enhanced by using realistic flight simulators to train pilots. However, flight simulators typically use atmospheric models of turbulence that do not adequately represent the coherent wakes present near ships. Recently air wakes have been calculated using CFD and fed into flight simulators to enhance realism. However, this approach provides only one-way coupling, ignorning the effect of the aircraft on the airwake, such as the effect of the superstructure in modifying ground effect. Also the airwake’s effect on the air vehicle was necessarily a linear model based on a small number of discrete sample points around the aircraft. The current effort successfully couples the CFD solver, HPCMP CREATETM–AV Kestrel, to the U.S. Navy flight simulation executive, CASTLE, resulting in a fully coupled simulation of the rotorcraft and ship airwake. The primary means of coupling is through the rotor blade element model hosted within CASTLEand implemented as a force source in Kestrel. The aerodynamic forces are calculated by CASTLEbased on the Kestrel calculated velocities at the rotor. The coupling takes advantage of the modular nature of Kestrel, using a newly developed component that communicates through named pipes with CASTLE. The paper will present a fully coupled hover case, compared to CASTLE-only simulations, bladeelement momentum disk simulations, and resolved rotor blades to validate the rotor model. Additionally a forward flight case will be presented with the pilot model coupled. Finally, an approach to ship case will be examined.
Abstract 121: Combinatorial Tailored Polymers Enhanced Maturation of Human iPSC-CMs

There is a tremendous interest in human cardiomyocytes generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) for the study and possible treatment of human heart diseases. Despite their vast potential, a significant impediment to a broader application of iPSC-CMs to study human myocyte biology is the structural and functional immaturity of iPSC-CMs. Growing evidence indicates that synthetic polymers utilized as extracellular substrates can exert significant effects on in vitro tissue generation, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Based on the profound impact of the extracellular matrix of developing embryos on in vivo organogenesis, we hypothesize that engineered polymer substrates will likewise influence in vitro maturation of iPSC-CMs. A subset of combinatorial polymers was synthesized by polymerizing poly(e-caprolacton) (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carboxylated PCL (cPCL), abbreviated as x%PEG-y%PCL-z%cPCL (x, y, and z: molar %). We investigated effects of the polymer composition on maturation of iPSC-CMs with respect to the beating behavior, mitochondrial function and molecular profiles after 30 days in culture on polymer scaffolds. Results showed the 4%PEG-96%PCL scaffold promoted the most active beating in iPSC-CMs at 30 days and further, that the mitochondrial function, as assessed by tetramethyl rhodamine methylester (TMRM) was significantly increased in the iPSC-CMs cultured on 4%PEG-96%PCL over other polymers. Molecular profiling analysis indicates 4%PEG-96%PCL scaffolds enhanced the expression of MYL2 (a commonly accepted marker of mature ventricular myocytes) as well as of components of the intermediate filaments linking the plasma membrane to the myofilament. In summary, although the polymers we used here exhibit similar physicochemical properties, they have divergent effects on iPSC-CM differentiation. Thus, specific chemical compositions of synthetic substrates can exert profound influence on in vitro maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Our work exploring the effects of synthetic biomaterials on human stem cell differentiation could pave the way for a successful translation of ongoing advances in tissue engineering to new treatments for human heart diseases.
Study on Distribution Channels in Electronic Products

The companies in electronic industry are severely competing for controlling the channels of distribution in order to gain marketing channels for the rule-making right.This study depends on the development of network economy,new products' property,elements of distribution channels.It is the base of success of modern enterprise marking to choose the best distribution channels strategy.
Nanostructure/Swelling Relationships of Bulk and Thin-Film PFSA Ionomers

Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers are the most widely used solid electrolyte in electrochemical technologies due to their remarkable ionic conductivity with simultanous mechanical stability, imparted by their phase-separated morphology. In this work, the morphology and swelling of PFSA ionomers (Nafion and 3M) as bulk membranes (>10 μm) and dispersion-cast thin films (<100 nm) are investigated to identify the roles of equivalent weight (EW) and side-chain length across lengthscales. Humidity-dependent structural changes as well as different PFSA chemistries are explored in the thin-film regime, allowing for the development of thickness-EW phase diagrams. The ratio of macroscopic (thickness) to nanoscopic (domain spacing) swelling during hydration is found to be affine (1:1) in thin films, but increases as the thickness approaches bulk values, revealing the existence of a mesoscale organization governing the multiscale swelling in PFSAs. Ionomer chemistry, in particular EW, is found to play a key role in altering the confinement-driven structural changes, including thin-film anisotropy, with phase separation becoming weaker as the film thickness is reduced below 25 nm or as EW is increased. For the lower-EW 3M PFSA ionomers, confinement appears to induce even stronger phase separation accompanied by domain alignment parallel to the substrate.
Public Service by a Selfish Gene: A Domesticated Transposase Antagonizes Polycomb Function

Eukaryotic genomes are littered with transposable elements (TEs)—“selfish” genetic entities capable of increasing copy numbers through transposition to account for large fractions of the nuclear DNA. To minimize the mutagenic effects of transposition, host organisms have evolved various mechanisms to repress TE-encoded genes (TEGs) both transcriptionally through chromatin modifications and post-transcriptionally through RNA interference. Over time, silenced TEs accumulate genetic mutations, become immobilized, and are eliminated from the genome by recombination or decay into intergenic DNA. But can immobilized TEGs fortuitously acquire cellular functions that are beneficial to the host and become a useful fixture of the genome? In a recent issue of PLOS Genetics, Turck, Goodrich, and colleagues describe a clear example of this process, in which a transposase-derived gene functions to antagonize transcriptional repression by the Polycomb group (PcG) genes in Arabidopsis thaliana [1].
Rock-physics diagnostics of a turbidite oil reservoir offshore northwest Australia

ABSTRACTInterpreting seismic data for petrophysical rock properties requires a rock-physics model that links the petrophysical rock properties to the elastic properties, such as velocity and impedance. Such a model can only be established from controlled experiments in which both groups of rock properties are measured on the same samples. A prolific source of such data is wellbore measurements. We use data from four wells drilled through a clastic offshore oil reservoir to perform rock-physics diagnostics, i.e., to find a theoretical rock-physics model that quantitatively explains the measurements. Using the model, we correct questionable well curves. Moreover, a crucial purpose of rock-physics diagnostics is to go beyond the settings represented in the wells and understand the seismic signatures of rock properties varying in a wider range via forward seismic modeling. With this goal in mind, we use our model to generate synthetic seismic gathers from perturbational modeling to address “what-if” scenarios...
Study on water absorption behaviour of a new type of gas-to-liquid transformer oil

In this report, water absorption behaviors of four kinds of transformer oils composed of Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) and conventional mineral base oils were studied under three different temperature and humidity combinations simulating typical actual storage and transportation conditions of transformer oil. By comparing the test results it is found that the water content of the GTL transformer oil increased to 30mg/kg in a shorter period than the other three conventional mineral oils. Through the diffusion theory analysis, it is concluded that this is mainly because that GTL transformer oil is of relatively lower polarity and it is more difficult to form association structure with water molecules, and therefore water is more rapidly spread in the GTL transformer oil.
Work environments and workers’ grievances: Accounting for variation in wildcat strikes in the US coal mining industry, 1970–1977:

This article examines the role of work environments and workers’ grievances as factors generating wildcat strikes in the US coal mining industry from 1970 to 1977, a period of intense worker–manage...
Octave broadening of a 15 GHz Kerr soliton comb

We generate single Kerr-cavity solitons from a 15 GHz silica resonator. These pulses are compressed in normal dispersion fiber and used to generate a coherent octave-spanning supercontinuum.
Anion-Exchange Fibers for Improved Sample Loading in Ultra-Trace Analysis of Plutonium by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

A new sample loading procedure was developed for isotope ratio measurements of ultratrace amounts of plutonium with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). The goal was to determine the efficacy of a polymer fiber architecture for TIMS sample loading by following similar sample loading procedures as those used in bead loading. Fibers with diameter of approximately 100 μm were prepared from triethylamine-quaternized-poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) cross-linked with diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Fiber sections (2.5 mm) were loaded with 10 pg of New Brunswick Laboratory certified reference material (NBL CRM) 128 from an 8 M HNO3 matrix and affixed to rhenium filaments with collodion. A single filament assembly was used for these analyses. Total ion counts (239Pu + 242Pu) and isotope ratios obtained from fiber-loaded filaments were compared to those measured by depositing Pu amended resin beads on the filament. Fiber loading was found to improve sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of isotope ratio measurements ...
Image Construction and Trust Building: Three Cultural Orientations from Confucian Ethics

Our paper contributes to the literature on spirituality and management by examining Confucian orientations towards perceived trust. Although Western scholars have rigorously studied the determinant...
“Self” Takes it All in Mental Illness: Examining the Dynamic Role of Health Consciousness, Negative Emotions, and Efficacy in Information Seeking

Mental illness such as depression, stress, and anxiety disorder is prevalent in our everyday lives. Yet, little is known about how health-related variables operate in the mental illness context. Centering on health consciousness, this study systematically examines how health consciousness affects information seeking and whether negative emotions and efficacy intervene in the relationship in mental illness. The results of the survey (N = 614) suggest that health consciousness relates to fear, anxiety, self-efficacy, and response efficacy but does not relate to information seeking. Interestingly, self-efficacy is the only mediator in the relationship between health consciousness and information seeking on mental illness. Implications are discussed.
Radio transmitters did not affect daily nest and chick survival of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus)

ABSTRACT Biologists interested in using radio telemetry to track the movements of birds should concurrently conduct studies to assess potential impacts on study organisms, particularly when monitoring threatened or endangered species. We investigated the effects of traditional and digital very high frequency (VHF) radio transmitters on daily nest survival and chick survival rates of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) along the Atlantic Coast in 2012, 2013, and 2015. We attached 1.0–1.2 g transmitters to 110 plovers and monitored their 160 nest attempts. We also monitored 221 nest attempts by 161 control pairs with no transmitters. There was no evidence that nest or chick survival differed between tagged and control pairs. Transmitters did not seem to adversely impact Piping Plover daily nest and chick survival and are a valuable tool to monitor movements of this threatened species.
Circannual variation in relative weight of children 5 to 16 years of age.

BACKGROUND Summer weight gain in children has been reported; however, this is usually based on two time points. Our objective was to investigate monthly variation in weight status. METHODS Cross-sectional, de-identified health records including height, weight and demographics, collected between 2007 and 2012 from South Central Wisconsin in 70 531 children age 5-16 years were analysed. The monthly averages in body mass index (BMI) z-score were analysed cross-sectionally followed by a paired analysis for a subset with one visit each during school and summer months. RESULTS BMI z-scores during the summer months (June-August) were lower than values during the school year (September-May). Of note, there was a rapid decrease in BMI z-scores from May to June, with June BMI z-score values being 0.065 units less (95% CI 0.046-0.085) than those in May, little change from June to August and a rapid increase between the August and September BMI z-scores. CONCLUSION The monthly pattern does not fully agree with previous two-point school-based studies. Results raise concern that the use of two time point measures of BMIs (early fall and late spring) is suboptimal for evaluation of circannual variation. We suggest that future evaluation of the effect of school-based or summer interventions utilizes additional measures in those periods so that a seasonal analysis can be performed.
Approaches to distinguishing bacteria from mineral particles in microscopic imaging IEEE aerospace conference

Biologists use microscopy as the gold standard for identification of the presence of microbial life in terrestrial environments. Even when DNA analysis is used to identify strains and genetic population diversity, microscopic imaging is typically used to verify the presence of live organisms and obtain information about their sizes and morphologies. With identified microbes, a variety of microscopic techniques, particularly fluorescence imaging, are used for identification of features such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. For identification of microbial life in situ, the challenge is extended to include discrimination of potential live cells from non-living objects of similar size. We present here a survey of analyses that can be made from microscopic images to make this distinction. The techniques include measurement of refractive index, Brownian motion, gravitational settling, autofluorescence, induced fluorescence, and induction of various forms of taxis.