cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intercept Guidance for Cooperative Aircraft Defense against a Guided Missile

Abstract This paper focuses on missile guidance methods for a defense missile trying to protect a cooperative aircraft from guided munitions which have the same thrust and maneuvering capabilities as that of the defense missile. A novel guidance law for the missile-to-missile intercept is developed using two lines of sight: one line-of-sight is constructed from the protected aircraft to the threat missile, and the other is from the protecting missile to the threat missile. Potential of the guidance law is demonstrated and discussed with some simulation results; performance comparison with a conventional guidance law is also presented.
Background Radiation as the Cause of Fatal Congenital Malformation a Further Comment on This Subject

The wide discrepancy in reported rates of fatal congenital malformation is attributed to the freqrency and accuracy of vital reporting methods. Criteria for reporting still-births vary from one country to another. This would affect any data on background radiation as the cause of fatal congenital malformation.
Synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone-b-isobutylene) diblock copolymer and poly(ε-caprolactone-b-isobutylene-b-ε- caprolactone) triblock copolymer

Poly(isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) diblock and poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) triblock copolymers have been prepared and characterized. The synthesis involved the living cationic polymerization of IB, followed by capping with 1,1-diphenylethylene or 1,1-p-ditolylethylene and end-quenching with 1-methoxy-1-trimethylsiloxy-2-methyl-propene to yield methoxycarbonyl functional PIB. Hydroxyl end-functional PIB polymers were quantitatively obtained by the subsequent reduction of methoxycarbonyl end-functional PIB with LiAlH4. The structure of hydroxyl end-functional PIBs was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene) diblock copolymers and poly(ɛ-caprolactone-b-isobutylene-b-ɛ-caprolactone) triblock copolymers were synthesized by the living cationic ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone with hydroxyl end-functional PIB as macroinitiator in the presence of HCl•Et2O via the “activated monomer mechanism”. The block copolymers exhibited close to theoretical Mns and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Nutraceutical use in late-stage cancer

Access to a wealth of information on the internet has led many cancer patients to use complementary methods as an adjunct to traditional therapy for cancer, with, and more often, without informing their primary caregiver. Of the common complementary modalities, the use of dietary supplements appears to be highly prevalent in patients in active treatment for cancer, and later in cancer survivors. Emerging research suggests that some plant-based agents may, indeed, impact late-stage cancer, influencing molecular processes corrupted by tumor cells to evade detection, expand clonally, and invade surrounding tissues. The intent of this article is to review some of the current science underpinning the use of nutraceuticals in the latter stages of cancer.
A CLINICAL STUDY IN ESTROGENIC THERAPY

IN COMPARATIVELY RECENT YEARS the benefits derived from the use of estrogenic substances have been widely accepted. Many articles have been written in lay publications as well as medical periodicals eulogizing the entrance of these hormones into the armentarium of therapeutics. In spite of the known effect of these preparations and in spite of the many patients who have been benefited by their use, there are many more persons who have not received these needed hormones. The chief reasons which have deprived these deserving individuals of necessary treatment are the expense associated with their procurement and by no means a minor consideration, the necessity of repeated hypodermic injections for their effective use.
Response to Anderson

I'm writing in response to “Can Public Schools Save America? Culture, Race, Academic Achievement, and the American Dream,” a review essay published in the Du Bois Review (Volume 2, no. 1, 2005, pp. 127–136) by James Anderson, which includes a discussion of my book (co-authored with Nathan Scovronick), The American Dream and the Public Schools (2003). We are, of course, very pleased to have the book reviewed in this journal since it is read by many people with whom we would like to discuss these issues. The review, however, distorts our argument in ways that warrant correction.
The Role of the Contemporary Prison Chaplain

This research addresses an oversight in the literature on correctional employees by exploring the role of prison chaplains. Based on a national sample of 232 chaplains, it was discovered that priso...
Mice (Mus musculus) lacking a vomeronasal organ can discriminate MHC-determined odortypes.

Abstract Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in mammals (H-2 in mice) play a major role in regulating immune function. They also bestow individuality in the form of a chemical signature or odortype. At present, the respective contributions of the olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in the recognition of individual odortypes are not well defined. We examined a possible role for the VNO in the recognition of MHC odortypes in mice by first removing the organ (VNX) and then training the mice to distinguish the odors of two congenic strains of mice that differed only in their MHC type. C57BL/6J mice (bb at H-2) and C57BL/6J-H-2 k (kk at H-2) provided urine for sensory testing. Eight VNX and six sham-operated mice were trained to make the discrimination. Neither the number of training trials-to-criterion nor the rate of learning differed significantly for VNX and sham-operated mice. We conclude that the VNO is not necessary for learning to discriminate between MHC odortypes.
Novel surface treatments for Glass fillers

Glass fillers were suface modified by direct formation of a silicon-carbon non-hydrolyzable linkage between glass and coupling agent. The grafted silane monolayer was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to hydrolytic conditions to compare their surface treatment stability with traditional surface treatment hydrolytic stability. Composite specimens were fabricated and their mechanical properties were compared with traditional aminopropylsilane coupling agent treatment.
A comparison of meSH terms and CiteULike social tags as metadata for the same items

In this paper, we examine the degree of difference between two types of metadata for biomedical articles generated by different groups of people. The first type of metadata is social tags, which are assigned to articles by their readers using uncontrolled vocabulary. The second type is index terms, which are assigned by professionally trained indexers and domain experts using a controlled vocabulary. When the two kinds of metadata are assigned to the same item, we may expect that they overlap to a large extent and could substitute for one another. In this study, we compared social tags and index terms for a set of papers that appear both in CiteULike and MEDLINE, and assessed their differences. Due to the idiosyncratic nature of social tags, we preprocessed the tags through normalization, stop-word removal, stemming and spell-checking. Our results show that social tags and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) index have little overlap and embody largely heterogeneous understanding of items.
A randomized comparative trial of testosterone and protein supplements for weight loss in HIV+ men

Abstract This report presents findings from a randomized trial that compared the efficacy of 1) 400 mg biweekly IM injections of testosterone plus daily "placebo" standard nutritional supplements (containing 8 g of protein per serving), 2) high protein (37 g per serving) supplements and placebo IM injections, and 3) both testosterone and high protein supplements, in the treatment of HIV-related weight loss. Sixty-five HIV+ men with ≤90% of normative body weight or body cell mass entered the study, of whom 54 (83%) completed the 12-week trial. In an intention to treat analysis, the response rates (defined as an increase of at least 5% in the ratio of body cell mass to height) for testosterone (55%), high protein supplements (62%), and both testosterone and protein supplements (73%) were statistically similar ( p = NS). Amount of change in body weight, body cell mass, fat free mass and body fat from baseline to Week 12 (as measured by bioelectric impedance analysis), all of which were statistically significant within each group, did not differ across the three groups. Among all completers, the average gain in body weight and body cell mass after 12 weeks was 3.5 kgs and 2.0 kgs, respectively; 77% of the increase in body weight was fat free body mass, compared to 23% fat. These data support the efficacy of both testosterone and high protein supplements as independent treatments for HIV-related weight loss, but do not demonstrate a further advantage of combining the treatments.
Effects of substrate rotation in oblique-incidence metal(100) epitaxial growth.

The effects of substrate rotation on the surface morphology in oblique-incidence metal(100) epitaxial growth are studied via kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a simplified model, and compared with previous results obtained without rotation. In general, we find that substrate rotation leads to two main effects. At high deposition angles with respect to the substrate normal, rotation leads to a significant change in the surface morphology. In particular, it leads to isotropic mounds and pyramids with (111) facets rather than the anisotropic ripples and rods observed in the absence of rotation. Due to the existence of rapid transport on these facets, the lateral feature size increases approximately linearly with film thickness. Due to the fact that substrate rotation tends to reduce the effects of shadowing, the surface roughness is also decreased compared to the roughness in the absence of rotation. While this leads to a moderate reduction in the roughness for the case of ballistic deposition, the effect is significantly larger in the case of deposition with attraction. In the case of ballistic deposition, we also find that the surface roughness increases with rotation rate $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ for $\ensuremath{\Omega}l1$ rev/monolayer (ML) before saturating at larger rotation rates ($\ensuremath{\Omega}g1$ rev/ML). In contrast, for the case of attraction the surface roughness exhibits a negligible dependence on rotation rate for finite rotation rate.
Primary pancreatic lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis.

Primary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare disease and usually presents with nonspecific symptoms like abdominal pain, weight loss, or jaundice. Here we report a case of primary pancreatic lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis.
Scission-point model of nuclear fission based on deformed-shell effects

A static model of nuclear fission is proposed based on the assumption of statistical equilibrium among collective degrees of freedom at the scission point. The relative probabilities of formation of complementary fission fragment pairs are determined from the relative potential energies of a system of two nearly touching. coaxial spheroids with quadrupole deformations. The total potential energy of the system at the scission point is calculated as the sum of liquid-drop and shell- and pairing-correction terms for each spheroid, and Coulomb and nuclear potential terms describing the interaction between them. The fissioning system at the scission point is characterized by three parameters---the distance between the tips of the spheroids ($d$), the intrinsic excitation energy of the fragments (${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{int}}$), and a collective temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{coll}}$). No attempt is made to adjust these parameters to give optimum fits to experimental data, but rather, a single choice of values for $d$, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{int}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{coll}}$ is used in the calculations for all fissioning systems. The general trends of the distributions of mass, nuclear charge, and kinetic energy in the fission of a wide range of nuclides from Po to Fm are well reproduced in the calculations. The major influence of the deformed-shell corrections for neutrons is indicated and provides a convenient framework for the interpretation of observed trends in the data and for the prediction of new results. The scission-point configurations derived from the model provide an interpretation of the "saw-tooth" neutron emission curve as well as previously unexplained observations on the variation of $\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{TKE}}$ for isotopes of U, Pu, Cm, and Cf; structure in the width of total kinetic energy release as a function of fragment mass ratio; and a difference in threshold energies for symmetric and asymmetric mass splits in the fission of Ra and Ac isotopes. In spite of a number of recognized simplifications in the model, quantitative fits to the data are generally within expected errors of the shell corrections determined by the Strutinski prescription.NUCLEAR REACTIONS, FISSION Po, Ra, U, Cm, Cf, Fm; calculated $A$, $Z$, and KE distribution of fragments. Liquid-drop model. Deformed-shell corrections. Strutinski prescription. Asymmetric and symmetric fission.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after intracoronary streptokinase in evolving acute myocardial infarction

To achieve optimal myocardial revascularization and prevent rethrombosis of the infarct-related coronary artery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was attempted in 18 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction (9 anterior and 9 inferior) after administration of intracoronary streptokinase. PTCA was attempted 338 ± 151 minutes after the onset of symptoms. After thrombolytic therapy, 11 patients had a severe residual stenosis and 7 a persistent total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. PTCA was successful in 13 of 18 patients: in 9 of 11 with coronary stenoses and in 4 of 7 with total coronary occlusions. PTCA reduced the severity of the coronary lesion from 91 ± 2% to 27 ± 7% (p < 0.001), and the transstenotic pressure gradient from 38 ± 5 to 6 ± 2 mm Hg (p < 0.01). One patient in cardiogenic shock died during urgent coronary surgery after unsuccessful PTCA. After PTCA, all patients received heparin and antiplatelet agents. One patient had reinfarction with reocclusion of the infarct-related artery 5 days after PTCA. The other 12 patients had an uneventful hospital course, and cardiac catheterization before hospital discharge (8 to 17 days) revealed reocclusion of the infarct-related coronary artery in 3 and persistent patency in 9. Persistent patency of the infarct-related artery was associated with preservation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (initial 86 ± 6 ml/m2, follow-up 91 ± 6 ml/m2), and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in some patients.
ESTIMATES OF THE ZONAL GRAVITY HARMONICS OF THE MOON

Abstract The best figure data of the Moon are treated in order to obtain estimates of the zonal gravity harmonics up to order eight. An analysis of the first tracking data of Lunar Orbiter 1 indicates that the second, third, and fourth zonal harmonics compare favorably with the values obtained on the basis of the figure, but there is no clue as to the reliability of the zonal harmonics given here of order higher than the fourth.
Markers and determinants of progression of HIV-1 infection.

T he ability to measure the number of copies of RNA of HIV1 in plasma has allowed the delineation of the dynamics of replication of this retrovirns in the human host.l,2 Utilization of this technology also has allowed more-stringent investigation of the natural history of HIV-1 infection. Cohort studies had defined the median duration of AIDS-free time in infected individuals as varying between 8 and 11 years, 3 although a proportion of infected individuals were recognized to progress more rapidly to severe immunosuppression and opportunistic complications. 4 Later, other infected persons who demonstrated little clinical or immunologic progression were identified. Mathematical models project that approximately 10% of infected individuals will remain AIDS-free for more than 20 years. 3 It has been postulated that this variation in the course of HIV-1 infection is a result of a complex interaction of viral and host characteristics influenced by environmental factors including concurrent infections. Using measurements of plasma HIV-RNA, MACS, a prospective investigation of the natural history of HIV1 infection in men who have sex with men, defined the utility of this assay of viral replication as a marker of prognosis in HIV-1 infection. 5 The study enrolled 4954 AIDS-free men in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and
Postoperative Chylothorax Development Is Associated with Increased Incidence and Risk Profile for Central Venous Thromboses

This study tested the hypothesis that pediatric patients who develop chylothorax (CTX) after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) have an elevated incidence and risk profile for central venous thrombosis (CVT). We evaluated 30 patients who developed CTX after surgery for CHD. All but one CTX patient were surgery-, anatomy-, and age-matched with two controls (NON-CTX) to compare their relative risk and incidence of CVT. Using conditional logistic regression analyses, CTX development was associated with significantly longer ventilator dependence (14.8 +/- 10.9 vs. 6.1 +/- 5.9 days, p = 0.003) and a non-significant trend towards more days of central venous catheters (CVC) (19.1 +/- 16.6 vs. 12.2 +/- 10.0 days; p = 0.16) when comparing the period prior to CTX development with the entire hospitalization in NON-CTX patients. CTX development was associated with a significantly elevated mortality risk (Odds Ratio 6.2, 95% CI 1.3-30.9). Minimum and mean daily central venous pressures were significantly higher in the CTX group. Post operative need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation conferred an increased risk of CTX development in this sample of patients (Odds Ratio 9.9, 95% CI 2.2-44.8). Incidence of documented CVT was 26.7% in the CTX group versus 5.1% in the NON-CTX group. Prospective screening for CVT risk and formation, combined with early removal of CVC may help reduce the incidence of CTX.
Stroke research at a crossroad: asking the brain for directions

There remains an urgent need to develop new strategies and therapies to help protect the brain from ischemic cell death. In this perspective, the authors suggest that learning more about the mechanisms that underlie brain self-preservation and developing multifaceted approaches that act on multiple pathways involved in both cell death and neuroprotection may advance our efforts to treat stroke.
Nolinear optical liquid cored fiber array and liquid crystal film fo ps-cw frequency agile laser optical limiting application

The molecular nonlinear photonic absorption processes of two nonlinear fiber core liquids are discussed in the context of nonlinear propagation and optical limiting of short pulses. These fiber arrays are capable of limiting threshold and clamped output below 1 μJ for picosecond and nanosecond pulses. We also discuss the observation of perhaps the largest optical nonlinearity in some dye-doped nematic liquid crystal films. These films will provide limiting action with a threshold power of 100 nWatt and limited transmission of ≪ 1 microJoule for ms - cw laser.
Evolution of the Fontan Procedure : Early and Late Results

This paper reviews the evolution of surgical technique that has occurred with the Fontan procedure since it was first introduced more than 25 years ago. Although there has been recent enthusiasm at some centers for a return to Fontan's original concept of use of a conduit to achieve the Fontan pathway, we continue to believe that the lateral tunnel with double cavopulmonary anastomosis is the preferred approach. The late incidence of arrhythmias with the lateral tunnel at 10 years follow-up is remarkably low. On the other hand conduits present a risk of outgrowth and pseudointima accumulation. Even small gradients, e. g. less than 4mm, will be poorly tolerated over the longer term and may result in an increased incidence of cirrhosis and protein losing enteropathy.Overall there has been a remarkable improvement in the early and late results of the Fontan procedure over the last decade. The role of the bi-directional Glenn shunt as either a staging procedure or definitive palliation when performed in conjunction with supplementary pulmonary blood flow needs to be defined by a prospective randomized study. Likewise the role of the fenestration also needs to be defined by a prospective randomized study including careful studies of late exercise capacity and maximal oxygen consumption. Another issue that needs to be defined by careful prospective randomized study is the importance of anti-coagulation with coumadin versus aspirin in reducing the incidence of thromboembolism.
Peripheral artery disease: therapeutic advances

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), usually caused by atherosclerosis, is defined as an obstructive arterial disease of the lower extremities that reduces arterial flow during exercise or, in advanced stages, at rest. It affects more than 8.5 million people in the USA. PAD may appear as an asymptomatic arterial disease with abnormal noninvasive test results, or as a symptomatic disease presenting with atypical limb pain, classic intermittent claudication, or critical limb ischemia. The spectrum of PAD is not a continuum. Patients who present with critical limb ischemia may have experienced minimum symptoms. PAD results in limitation of exercise and walking ability, described as intermittent claudication. Patients with PAD are physically impaired and have a higher risk of cardiovascular events; therefore, the treatment goals are aimed at decreasing their cardiovascular risk, as well as improving exercise and daily functional performance. Apart from supervised exercise, which is a major treatment modality for patients with PAD, as of yet there have been very few significant pharmacological breakthroughs in the treatment of PAD that increases blood flow to the ischemic limb. Although percutaneous intervention has markedly improved the treatment of PAD, bypass surgery continues to play an important role. For the most part medical therapy for PAD is designed as a secondary prevention for cardiovascular risk. These include antiplatelet therapy, statins, ACE-inhibitors, smoking cessation and possibly antihypertensive therapy. Revascularization is most beneficial for patients with lifestyle limiting symptoms, acute or chronic limb ischemia with resting pain or nonhealing ulcers. In the following review article we will try to explore the clinical role of some of the latest developments in this field.
Fractionation of polar organic extracts of airborne particulate matter using cyanopropyl-bonded silica in solid-phase extraction

A mg-scale fractionation method has been developed for polar organic matter in airborne particles. The method give reproducibly good recoveries of mass while avoiding the use of water or salts. Cyanopropyl-bonded silica solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns were used to fractionate a mixture of standard compounds and acetone-soluble extracts from particles collected in Elizabeth, NJ, USA and from National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Material 1649 (urban air particles). Critical factors proved to be reducing the polarity of the extract before its application to the column and pre-wetting the column with n-hexane. Ten fractions were eluted with solvent mixtures of increasing polarity, ranging from n-hexane to methanol. Blank-corrected mass recoveries were 95 and 98% for the Elizabeth, NJ, USA and SRM 1649 extracts, respectively.
The Influence of English Language and Spanish Language Captions on Foreign Language Listening/Reading Comprehension:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using Spanish captions, English captions, or no captions with a Spanish language soundtrack on intermediate university-level Spanish as a Foreign Language students' listening/reading comprehension. A total of 213 intermediate (fourth semester) students participated as intact groups in the study. The passage material consisted of a DVD episode (seven minutes) presenting information concerning preparation for the Apollo 13 NASA space exploration mission. The students viewed only one of three passage treatment conditions: Spanish captions, English captions, or no captions. The Spanish language dependent measure consisted of a 20-item multiple-choice listening comprehension test. The statistically significant results revealed that the English captions group performed at a considerably higher level than the Spanish captions group which in turn performed at a substantially higher level than the no captions group on the listening test. The article concl...
Dynamic soil properties using improved transfer function methods

In recent years new techniques for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the transfer function have been developed. In this study, the primary dynamic soil properties, namely damping and shear modulus, were obtained in the laboratory under random excitation conditions. By measuring and analyzing both the input and output random response signals, these soil properties were evaluated for the first time in soil testing using the new techniques and the results were compared with those properties obtained by the conventional estimator of the transfer function. It is shown that the damping values obtained by the new estimators were slightly lower than the values evaluated by the conventional estimator. Application of the different estimators resulted in shear moduli which were in good agreement. Furthermore, the new estimators were less sensitive to resolution bias errors. The results of this study indicates that the difference in resolution bias errors and damping values were more pronounced at lower strain levels.
Sucrose Hydrolysis in Relation to Phloem Translocation in Beta vulgaris.

Asymmetrically labeled sucrose, 14C(fructosyl)sucrose, was used to determine whether sucrose undergoes extracellular hydrolysis during phloem translocation in the sugar beet, Beta vulgaris. In addition, the metabolism of various sugars accumulated and translocated was determined in various regious of the plant. These processes were studied in detached regions as well as in the intact, translocating plant in the source leaf, along the translocation path, and in a rapidly growing sink leaf and storage beet. The data show that, unlike sucrose accumulation into the sink tissue of sugarcane, sucrose is neither hydrolzyed prior to phloem loading or during transit, nor is it extracellularly hydrolyzed during accumulation into sink leaves or the storage beet.
P‐27: Increasing the Field of View of an Electronic Imaging System Using Variable Addressibility

An electronic imaging system has been developed and fabricated that radially re-maps the pixels of a miniature display to match the varying acuity of the eye across its field of view. This system is designed to increase the field of view of an electronic viewing system without any apparent loss in image quality.
Collaboration in Human-Robot Teams

Many new applications for robots require them to work alongside people as capable members of human-robot teams. These include—in the long term—robots for homes, hospitals, and offices, but already exist in more advanced settings, such as space exploration. The work reported in this paper is part of an ongoing collaboration with NASA JSC to develop Robonaut, a humanoid robot envisioned to work with human astronauts on maintenance operations for space missions. To date, work with Robonaut has mainly investigated performing a joint task with a human in which the robot is being teleoperated. However, perceptive disorientation, sensory noise, and control delays make teleoperation cognitively exhausting even for a highly skilled operator. Control delays in long range teleoperation also make shoulder-to-shoulder teamwork difficult. These issues motivate our work to make robots collaborating with people more autonomous. Our work focuses on a scenario of a human and an autonomous humanoid robot working together shoulder-to-shoulder, sharing the workspace and the objects required to complete a task. A robotic member of such a team must be able to work towards a shared goal, and be in agreement with the human as to the sequence of actions that will be required to reach that goal, as well as dynamically adjust its plan according to the human’s actions. Human-robot collaboration of this nature is an important yet relatively unexplored kind of human-robot interaction. This paper describes our work towards building a dynamic collaborative framework enabling such an interaction. We discuss our architecture and its implementation for controlling a humanoid robot, working on a task with a human partner. Our approach stems from Joint Intention Theory, which shows that for joint action to emerge, teammates must communicate to maintain a set of shared beliefs and to coordinate their actions towards the shared plan. In addition, they must demonstrate commitment to doing their own part, to the others doing theirs, to providing mutual support, and finally—to a mutual belief as to the state of the task. We argue that to this end, the concept of task and action goals is central. We therefore present a goal-driven hierarchical task representation, and a resulting collaborative turn-taking system, implementing many of the above-mentioned requirements of a robotic teammate. Additionally, we show the implementation of relevant social skills supporting our collaborative framework. Finally, we present a demonstration of our system for collaborative execution of a hierarchical object manipulation task by a robot-human team. Our humanoid robot is able to divide the task between the participants while taking into consideration the collaborator’s actions when deciding what to do next. It is capable of asking for mutual support in the cases where it is unable to perform a certain action. To facilitate this interaction, the robot actively maintains a clear and intuitive channel of communication to synchronize goals, task states, and actions, resulting in a fluid, efficient collaboration.
A license to kill: Transcriptional activation and enhanced turnover of Myc by the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms through which the abundance and activity of the Myc oncoprotein is regulated has been a major preoccupation of the cancer and transcription communities. New work, published in the May issue of Molecular Cell, reveals that ubiquitination of Myc by the oncogenic SCFSkp2 complex not only promotes Myc turnover but is also required for Myc transcriptional activation, suggesting that Myc activity is "licensed" by ubiquitination.
Monogenetic, behind-the-front volcanism in southeastern Guatemala and western El Salvador: 40Ar/39Ar ages and tectonic implications

Abstract Eighteen lavas erupted from cinder cones behind the volcanic front in southeastern Guatemala and western El Salvador have been dated using the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method on groundmass separates. Plateau ages range between 1069.5 ± 22.1and 37 ± 12.0 ka. The majority of dated lavas are younger than 600 ka. Importantly, cinder cone lavas become progressively younger toward the volcanic front/trench. In addition, the lavas become systematically depleted in Cs, Ba, rare earth elements, Cs/Zr, La/Zr, and δ 18 O with time. The baseline values of these same geochemical parameters increase with distance from the volcanic front. The cinder cone lavas are closely associated with rifting south of the North American–Caribbean plate boundary. The trenchward migration of behind-the-front volcanism may be linked to a westward migration of this rifting. Existing evidence suggests there was an important change in the face of volcanism behind the volcanic front in southeastern Guatemala: from a small number of large polygenetic volcanoes to abundant smaller monogenetic cones. The temporal/spatial changes in the geochemistry of cinder cone lavas is attributed to decreasing contamination by Paleozoic basement rocks, both with time and with diminishing distances to the volcanic front.
Fiscal Adjustments: Determinants and Macroeconomic Consequences

Manmohan S. Kumar, Daniel Leigh and Alexander Plekhanov analyze the determinants of fiscal consolidation success in OECD economies as well as the short-run and long-run effects of fiscal adjustments on economic activity. They examine fourteen case studies, panel data for OECD economies, and the results of simulations using a non-Ricardian multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model. They find that while fiscal consolidations tend to have short-run contractionary effects, they can be expansionary in the long run, provided that they do not rely excessively on cuts in productive government expenditure. They can also create positive spillover effects for the rest of the world.
Places of Origin: The Repopulation of Rural El Salvador

Places of Origin: The Repopulation of Rural El Salvador. Beatrice Edwards and Gretta Tovar Siebentritt. Boulder: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 1991. 158 pp. $32.00 (cloth). ISBN 1–55587–241–7.
On the non-linear vibration of a thin ring with steady pressurization

Abstract Large amplitude, flexural oscillations of an inextensible, linearly elastic, pressurized ring are analyzed. Non-linear governing equations describing the planar motion of a thin rod curved in its undeformed state and subject to a distributed load applied normal to the neutral axis are developed using Hamilton's extended principle. The equations are specialized to study the behavior of a circular ring, and approximate solutions are obtained for a single mode response by a perturbation technique. Free, undamped oscillations and forced response of the ring near resonance are discussed. The influence of the magnitude of pressurization on the non-linear character of the motion is investigated.
Abstract 5236: Identification of miR-888 as the first miRNA cancer-testis antigen

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are a large family of genes that are exclusively expressed in human testes and are typically located on the X chromosome and part of multicopy gene families. Importantly, CT antigens are overexpressed in a variety of tumors. To date, all known CT antigens are protein-coding genes. Here we identify miR-888 as the first miRNA with features characteristic of a CT antigen. In a panel of 21 normal human tissues, miR-888 expression was high in testes, but minimal or absent in all other tissues. Analysis of cancer cell lines demonstrated expression of miR-888 in endometrial cancer cells, but not in choriocarcinoma, breast, ovarian or prostate cancer cells. In endometrial patient tumor specimens, miR-888 was 8-fold overexpressed relative to benign endometrium (p Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Adriann M. Hovey, Eric J. Devor, Donghai Dai, Kimberly K. Leslie. Identification of miR-888 as the first miRNA cancer-testis antigen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5236
Virtual reality systems and research on the perception, simulation and presentation of environmental change

Abstract The ability of evolving data visualization techniques (e.g. video image-capture technology) to portray realistically both the sensuous and connotative properties of the molar environment and change within the environment has produces an abundance of environmental perception studies using various visualization technologies. Future growth in the application of these technologies to environmental change perception research requires consideration of three sets of issues: (1) the nature of the perceptual experiencing of environment; (2) simulation of thise experience; and (3) presentation of environmental displays to people engaged in the studies.
Laser ultrasonics for process control: issues for implementation

Laser ultrasonic techniques for in-process materials characterization show significant potential for applications where rapid, remote sensing is a requirement. While the potential is great, relatively few on-line industrial systems currently exist owing to difficulty associated with designing and implementing robust laser ultrasonic systems. Although laser-based ultrasound is becoming widely used as a laboratory tool for materials characterization, transitioning this technology into a robust industrial process control system poses several problems. Chief among these are suitable lasers for ultrasound generation, ultrasound detection, interferometer design, required signal processing, and overall system performance. This manuscript addresses each of these issues in turn, and gibes examples of industrial process control implementations where appropriate. Finally, recent advances in increasing laser based ultrasonic sensitivity are discussed.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Relationship of Chronological Age, Age at Injury, and Duration of Injury to Employment Status in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Employment status following spinal cord injury (SCI) has important implications for financial and psychosocial well-being. Several age-related variables—in particular chronological age, duration of SCI, and age at SCI onset—have been identified as being associated with employment among individuals with SCI. Cross-sectional investigations of this topic are complicated by methodological and statistical issues associated with aging and disability. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between three aging variables and employment status in individuals with SCI through a series of regression analyses. Six hundred twenty individuals with SCI completed a survey that included measures of demographic characteristics, pain, psychological functioning, physical functioning, fatigue, and sleep. The results indicated that chronological age and age at SCI onset were significant predictors of employment status. A significantly greater proportion of individuals aged 45–54 were employed compared to those aged 55–64 even after controlling for biopsychosocial variables. Additionally, there was a negative linear relationship between percent employed and age at SCI onset, and this relationship was not accounted for by the biopsychosocial variables. The analyses used in this study provide one method by which to disentangle the effects of different age-related variables on important SCI outcomes in cross-sectional research. Continued research in this area is needed to better understand age-related effects on employment status, which could be used to help maximize the quality of life in individuals with SCI.
Been top down so long it looks like bottom up to me

Abstract While technologists emphasize suboptimal choices by individuals and organizations, many economists have ignored behavior exhibiting technical inefficiency. This paper selectively discusses efforts by some economists to identify and measure technical inefficiency. As applied to the energy-efficiency ‘gap’, ‘bottom-up’ economics would seek to measure significant departures from best practice technology, distinguish between inefficiency that is more (less) wasteful of energy than other inputs, and focus on developing testable hypotheses about technical inefficiency. Support for widespread intervention in energy use decisions may not necessarily follow from such an inquiry.
Solubilized elastin substrate for continuous fluorimetric assay of kinetics of elastases

Abstract Elastolysis is central to progression of emphysema and aortic aneurysms. Characterization of steady-state enzyme kinetics of elastolysis is fettered by the insolubility of mature elastin and the polydispersity of solubilized elastin. We prepared a fluor-tagged, 100-kDa fraction (fEln-100) from commercial α-elastin. It is soluble, less heterogeneous in mass, cross-linked like mature elastin, and likely to retain the capacity of α-elastin to self-assemble. fEln-100 has introduced the ability to compare quantitatively the apparent kcat and Km of elastases. For example, metalloelastase (MMP-12) displays higher apparent affinity for fEln-100, while MMP-2 displays faster catalytic turnover.
Respiratory Monitoring and Clutter Rejection Using a CW Doppler Radar With Passive RF Tags

A Doppler radar system was built to detect the motion of modulated backscatter data from a passive tag, while rejecting the unmodulated backscatter from other elements. A harmonic tag was designed and fabricated to show the feasibility of sensing cardiopulmonary related Doppler shift in the received second harmonic signal. A fundamental frequency of 2.45 GHz was transmitted at a target and a quadrature homodyne receiver was used to sense the received second harmonic signal. The setup was used to first successfully isolate periodic motion from a tag on a programmable mechanical target in close proximity to other moving objects and to sense respiratory motion of a human subject. Respiratory data obtained from the tag was compared to a reference. The harmonic radar setup was then successfully used to isolate the respiration of a tagged human subject from an untagged large scattering object. The response of the harmonic radar was also compared to a 2.45 GHz Doppler radar for some experiment scenarios that clearly indicate the utility and potential for such systems.
Transcription factor YY1 functions as a PcG protein in vivo

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function as high molecular weight complexes that maintain transcriptional repression patterns during embryogenesis. The vertebrate DNA binding protein and transcriptional repressor, YY1, shows sequence homology with the Drosophila PcG protein, pleiohomeotic (PHO). YY1 might therefore be a vertebrate PcG protein. We used Drosophila embryo and larval/imaginal disc transcriptional repression systems to determine whether YY1 repressed transcription in a manner consistent with PcG function in vivo. YY1 repressed transcription in Drosophila, and this repression was stable on a PcG-responsive promoter, but not on a PcG-non-responsive promoter. PcG mutants ablated YY1 repression, and YY1 could substitute for PHO in repressing transcription in wing imaginal discs. YY1 functionally compensated for loss of PHO in pho mutant flies and partially corrected mutant phenotypes. Taken together, these results indicate that YY1 functions as a PcG protein. Finally, we found that YY1, as well as Polycomb, required the co-repressor protein CtBP for repression in vivo. These results provide a mechanism for recruitment of vertebrate PcG complexes to DNA and demonstrate new functions for YY1.
Altered white matter microstructure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective Identification of biomarkers is a priority for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies have documented macrostructural brain alterations in ADHD, but few have examined white matter microstructure, particularly in preadolescent children. Given dramatic white matter maturation across childhood, microstructural differences seen in adolescents and adults with ADHD may reflect compensatory restructuring, rather than early neurophenotypic markers of the disorder. Method Using tract-based spatial statistics, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created using diffusion tensor imaging. FA, mean diffusivity (MD), and associated axial and radial diffusivities were compared between 16 children with ADHD and 20 healthy children (age 7-9 years). Results Youth with ADHD showed decreased FA in frontoparietal, frontolimbic, cerebellar, corona radiata, and temporo-occipital white matter compared with controls. In addition, ADHD was associated with lower MD in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and frontoparietal white matter and greater MD in frontolimbic white matter. Lower axial diffusion and/or higher radial diffusion were differentially observed for youth with ADHD in earlier versus later maturing areas of group FA/MD difference. Conclusions This study suggests that, even prior to adolescence, ADHD represents a disorder of altered structural connectivity of the brain, characterized by distributed atypical white matter microstructure. In addition, later maturing frontolimbic pathways were abnormal in children with ADHD, likely due to delayed or decreased myelination, a finding not previously demonstrated in the adolescent or adult stages of the disorder. These results suggest that disruptions in white matter microstructure may play a key role in the early pathophysiology of ADHD.
The Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Rupture of a Papillary Muscle

The echocardiographic diagnosis of acute rupture of a papillary muscle is described. The pertinent findings included (1) decreased systolic motion of the posterior wall, (2) exaggerated septal motion, (3) left ventricular enlargement and pattern suggesting left ventricular diastolic overload, and (4) bizarre fluttering of posterior leaflet of the mitral valve in diastole, suggesting an unhinging of the mitral valvular apparatus. The echocardiogram is a useful noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of this often fatal complication of myocardial infarction.
Practice dating as treatment for college dating inhibitions.

Abstract Thirty males and 30 females who volunteered for a program to increase dating skills were randomly assigned to a treatment group of six practice dates plus feedback, a treatment group of six practice dates only, or a delayed treatment control group. Within subject-specified constraints of height, age, race, and distance from campus, a computer randomly matched opposite sexed subjects for the six practice dates, each date with a different subject. After each practice date in the feedback condition, subjects completed forms calling for primarily positive comments about the partner. Forms were later exchanged via the experimenter. Outcome was assessed by self-report, self-monitoring, behavioral, and peer rating measures. Results indicated the superiority of treatment conditions over the control condition. Some evidence indicated superiority of the no feedback condition over the feedback condition. Evidence of maintenance of changes over a three-month follow-up period is provided.
Partial replacement of chromium in stainless steel

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, conducted research on the partial replacement of chromium in stainless steel. The alloys examined contain 8 to 9 pct Cr, 11 to 14 pct Ni, and additions of up to 5 pct Mo, 2 pct Cu, and 2 pct V for corrosion-resistant applications and up to 5 pct Si and 2 pct Al for heat-resistant applications. Molybdenum additions enhanced the corrosion resistance to approach that of type 304 stainless steel (304SS) in H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/, HNO/sub 3/, citric acid, and acetic acid. Alloys with Si and Al additions had 800/sup 0/C oxidation resistance superior to that of type 304SS. The stress rupture resistance of the best Si-Al alloys was comparable to that of type 304SS. The alloys had tensile properties typical of austenitic or martensitic stainless steels, depending on their structures. They exhibited greater tendency to hot/crack during welding than did type 304SS. The research showed that additional levels of Ni, Mn, or C may be needed to stabilize an austenitic structure in these substitutes. The research also showed that additions such as Mo, Si, and Al have potential to substitute for approximately half the Cr in stainless steels for manymore » applications.« less