cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ quantitative immunoprofiling of regulatory T cells using laser scanning cytometry.

Abstract Laser scanning cytometry (iCys; CompuCyte, Cambridge, Mass) has recently been developed to use fluorescence-based quantitative measurements on tissue sections or other cellular preparations at a single-cell level. The purpose of this study was to develop objective, quantitative immunoprofiling of regulatory T cells (T regs) on formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy samples from transplanted allografts using iCys. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of iCys to analyzes the population of CD4 (+) Foxp3 (+) T regs among CD4 (+) T-cell and the entire T-cell (the total of CD4 [+] and CD8 [+] populations in human intestinal allograft biopsy samples. Primary antibodies (Foxp3 and CD4) which had been labeled using Alexa Fluoro 488 (Foxp3 Alexa488) and 647 (CD4 Alexa647) with polymer horseradish peroxidase and catalyzed signal amplification were incubated on 1 section. On the other section, CD8 and CD4 were labeled using Alexa488 and Alexa647 using the same protocol. Data acquisition was performed using iCys. The signal intensities of Alexa488 and Alexa647 were sufficient to analyze by iCys. Distribution of the integrals of Alexa488 and Alexa647 to visualize each cell population enabled calculation of the population of T reg among CD4 (+) T cells, CD4 (+) T cells among total T cells, and T reg among entire T cells. iCys and signal amplified immunofluorescent staining allowed objective uantitative immunoprofiling of in situ T reg populations, with precise quantitative analysis at a single-cell level on FFPE sections. This objective method may be applied on biopsy samples from various transplanted organs.
Synthesis of electrically conducting tin films by low-temperature, plasma-enhanced CVD

Electrically conducting films were synthesized, at room temperature, by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of a mixture of tetramethyltin (TMT) and oxygen. The chemical composition o...
Solution Focused Brief Therapy Applied to Diverse Classroom Settings in a Four-Year University

Solution Focused Brief Therapy was developed during the late 1970s and 1980s by Steve de Shazer and his colleagues. The purpose of this paper was to examine the application of Solution Focused Brief Therapy’s parallels with the author’s classroom experiences in a higher education setting that gave special considerations to the author’s disciplines of sociology, critical thinking, and marriage and family therapy. More specifically, the unique experiences are brought to a classroom by students much in the same manner that individuals bring experiences to a therapist who practices Solution Focused Brief Therapy. The author concludes that the perception of what constitutes a problem can be expressed as a limitation, not just merely defined as a problem.
'Shunt nephritis': diffuse glomerulonephritis complicating ventriculo-atrial shunts.

UMMARY A boy with congenital hydrocephalus who had been given a ventriculo-atrial shunt at the age of 8 months presented signs of a severe nephrotic syndrome 36 months later. The shunt system was removed and within 4 months all pathological findings disappeared. The association reported in the literature between a nephrotic syndrome and infected ventriculoatrial shunts is discussed. The author concludes that a causal relationship is very likely, and suggests the term ‘shunt nephritis’. RESUME ‘Nephrite de shunt’: glomerulonephrite diffuse compliquant les shunts atrio- ventriculaires. Un garcon atteint d'hydrocephalie congenitale qui avait beneficie d'un shunt atrio-ventriculaire a l'âge de 8 mois a presente des signes d'un syndrome nevrotique severe 36 mois plus tard. Le shunt fut supprime et tous les symptomes pathologiques disparurent en quatre mois. L'association rapportee dans la literature entre un syndrome nephrotique et un shunt atrio-ventriculaire infecte est discutee. L'auteur conclue qu'une relation de cause a effet est tres vraisemblable et il suggere l'emploi du terme ‘nephrite de shunt’. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ‘Shunt-Nephritis’: Eine diffuse Glomerulonephritis als Komplikation bei ventriculo-atrialen Shunts Ein Junge mit congenitalem Hydrocephalus hatte mit 8 Monaten einen ventriculo-atrialen Shunt erhalten und zeigte 36 Monate spater die Zeichen eines schweren Nephrotischen Syndroms. Das Shuntsystem wurde entfernt und innerhalb von vier Monaten verschwanden alle pathologischen Befunde. Die in der Literatur berichtete Verbindung zwischen einem Nephrotischen Syndrom und infizierten ventriculo-atrialen Shunts wird diskutiert. Der Autor zieht den Schlufi, das eine ursachliche Beziehung sehr wahrscheinlich ist und schlagt die Bezeichnung ‘Shunt-Nephritis’ vor. RESUMEN ‘Nefritis de la derivation’: glomerulonefritis difusa eomplicando una derivacion vetriculo-atrial Un nino con hidrocefalia congenita al que se habia practicado una derivacion a los 8 meses, presento sintomas de un sindrome nefrotico grave 36 meses mas tarde. Se elimino el sistema derivativo y en el termino de 4 meses habian desaparecido todos los hallazgos patologicos. Se discute la asociacion citada con la literatura entre el sindrome nefrotico y las derivaciones ventrfculo-atriales infectadas. El autor concluye que es muy posible una relacion de causa-efecto y sugiere el termino de ‘Nefritis de la derivacion’.
Mercury’s seasonal sodium exosphere: MESSENGER orbital observations

The Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS) on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft now orbiting Mercury provides the first close-up look at the planet's sodium exosphere. UVVS has observed the exosphere from orbit almost daily for over 10 Mercury years. In this paper we describe and analyze a subset of these data: altitude profiles taken above the low-latitude dayside and south pole. The observations show spatial and temporal variations, but there are no obvious year-to-year variations in most of the observations. We do not see the episodic variability reported by some ground-based observers. We used these altitude profiles to make estimates of sodium density and temperature. The bulk of the exosphere, at about 1200 K, is much warmer than Mercury's surface. This value is consistent with some ground-based measurements and suggests that photon-stimulated desorption is the primary ejection process. We also observe a tenuous energetic component but do not see evidence of the predicted thermalized (or partially thermalized) sodium near Mercury's surface temperature. Overall we do not see the variable mixture of temperatures predicted by most Monte Carlo models of the exosphere.
Measuring musical abilities of autistic children

Three normal children with reported musical ability and three autistic children were tested for the ability to imitate individual tones and series of tones delivered by voice, piano, and synthesizer. Accuracy of imitation was judged by two independent observers on the basis of pitch, rhythm, and duration. The autistic children overall performed as well as or better than the age-matched normal children. These results are discussed and their implications for future neurological and clinical research are considered.
Injury-stimulated uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid by rat liver

Abstract Injury stimulated an early increased uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in rat liver. Adrenalectomy yielded a delayed stimulation reaching maximum levels at 48 hours post operation. Chronic adrenalectomized rats were hyper-sensitive to stimulus of reinjury and injections of epinephrine or hydrocortisone.
Symmetry properties of the macroscopic scalar potential

Abstract This Communication examines the group properties of the macroscopic scalar potential of an alkali halide derived previously by Ritter and Markham. The potential has the form σ i f i ( r ) q i , where f i is a function of space and q i is a normal coordinate. It does not consider in detail the properties of the potential at a site, since Ritter and Markham omit all higher order terms in an expansion. This makes the origin arbitrary. The potential has space group symmetry. One desires point group symmetry when working with point imperfections. Hence, here we consider the point group symmetry of the σ i f i 2 ( r ) without regards to the q i 's. We believe that f 2 i is more appropriate than just the f i . Our interest is limited to the Φ + 1 , Φ + 3 , Φ - 4 and Φ + 5 irreducible representations of O h , and the lengthy calculations were made only for KCl. The γ + 1 part of the potential dominates, especially near the arbitrary origin where the other parts of the potential go to zero.
Science, mathematics, and national welfare: Retrospective and prospective achievements

Abstract To test the widely-asserted hypothesis that national welfare depends on human capital, economic growth for the period 1977–1982 was regressed on science achievement scores obtained about a decade earlier. For a sample of 16 countries, other indexes of human capital were also compiled and correlated. The results support but do not prove the hypothesis that achievement scores (but not indexes of college enrollments and Nobel prize winning) predict economic growth and other indexes of national welfare. Since the correlations are consistent with achievement-growth causation, the very low science and mathematics scores of U.S. students in the most recent international comparisons may portend undesirable economic and cultural consequences.
Database System Approach to Management Decision Support

Traditional intuitive methods of decision-making are no longer adequate to deal with the complex problems faced by the modern policymaker. Thus systems must be developed to provide the information and analysis necessary for the decisions which must be made. These systems are called decision support systems. Although database systems provide a key ingredient to decision support systems, the problems now facing the policymaker are different from those problems to which database systems have been applied in the past. The problems are usually not known in advance, they are constantly changing, and answers are needed quickly. Hence additional technologies, methodologies, and approaches must expand the traditional areas of database and operating systems research (as well as other software and hardware research) in order for them to become truly effective in supporting policymakers.This paper describes recent work in this area and indicates where future work is needed. Specifically the paper discusses: (1) why there exists a vital need for decision support systems; (2) examples from work in the field of energy which make explicit the characteristics which distinguish these decision support systems from traditional operational and managerial systems; (3) how an awareness of decision support systems has evolved, including a brief review of work done by others and a statement of the computational needs of decision support systems which are consistent with contemporary technology; (4) an approach which has been made to meet many of these computational needs through the development and implementation of a computational facility, the Generalized Management Information System (GMIS); and (5) the application of this computational facility to a complex and important energy problem facing New England in a typical study within the New England Energy Management Information System (NEEMIS) Project.
Mechanisms for the effects of fish oil lipid emulsions in the management of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease

Parenteral nutrition (PN) can be life saving for infants unable to adequately absorb enteral nutrients due to intestinal failure from inadequate bowel length or function. However, long-term PN carries significant morbidity and mortality, with 30 to 60% of patients developing progressive liver dysfunction. The etiology of PN-associated liver disease (PNALD) is poorly understood, however the involvement of lipid emulsions in its pathogenesis has been clearly established, with new emphasis emerging on the role of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies evaluating the use of parenteral fish oil lipid emulsions instead of soybean oil lipid emulsions have demonstrated marked improvements in cholestasis, morbidity, and mortality in patients with PNALD treated with fish oil. This review provides an overview of the role of lipid emulsions in the pathogenesis of PNALD and the proposed mechanisms by which parenteral fish oil lipid emulsions may be exerting their beneficial effects.
Characterization of Poly(ethyleneoxyethylene terephthalate‐co‐adipate) using NMR Spectroscopy

Comonomer sequence distribution and 1H‐NMR chemical shifts were determined for poly(ethyleneoxyethylene terephthalate‐co‐adipate) (PEOETA) copolyester. The sequence distribution of terephthalate (T) and adipate (A) residues was found to be random, which is typical for copolyesters synthesized via bulk polycondensation. The inner methylene protons of EOE residues appeared as a pair of doublets due to chemical shift differences among the EOE‐centered dyad sequences TT, TA, AT, and AA. The four equivalent phenylene protons of T residues appeared as a triplet due to chemical shift differences among the T‐centered triad sequences TTT, TTA (˭ATA), and ATA. Higher‐order tetrad and pentad sensitivity were also observed for the inner methylene and phenylene protons, respectively, especially for TT‐ and TTT‐centered sequences. The sequence sensitivity of the phenylene protons was attributed to unique spatial interactions between themselves and protons within adjacent adipate and EOE units. These spatial interaction...
Mutating the dileucine motif of the human β2-adrenoceptor reduces the high initial rate of receptor phosphorylation by GRK without affecting postendocytic sorting

Abstract The internalization of β2-adrenoceptors after agonist activation results in a desensitized and phosphorylated receptor that either resensitizes by recycling to the cell surface or becomes degraded by postendocytic sorting to lysosomes. The duration and physiological effects of agonists therefore depend on β2-adrenoceptor sorting, highlighting the importance of sorting signals. Dileucine motifs within other membrane proteins act as signals for endocytosis and/or postendocytic sorting, and the β2-adrenoceptor has a dileucine motif within helix 8 that might play a role in efficient receptor recycling and/or downregulation. β2-adrenoceptor internalization and sorting were studied in HEK293 cells stably expressing wild type or mutant dialanine L339A,L340A β2-adrenoceptors. The mutant β2-adrenoceptors showed a significantly lower initial rate of phosphorylation at the prominent G-protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK) sites Ser355 and 356 compared to wild type β2-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, the agonist-induced endocytic rate constant for L339A,L340A β2-adrenoceptors was reduced to ~ 25% that of wild type β2-adrenoceptors, which resulted in a similar reduction in agonist-induced downregulation. Internalized L339A,L340A β2-adrenoceptors recycled to the surface with a rate and extent similar to that of wild type β2-adrenoceptors. Therefore, although the role of L339,L340 in β2-adrenoceptor recycling or postendocytic sorting seems minimal, we conclude that L339,L340 is required for the initial high rate of phosphorylation by G-protein coupled receptor kinases at Ser355,356, which in turn is required for efficient β2-adrenoceptors endocytosis.
On nonlinear equations involving pseudo-A-proper mappings and their uniform limits with applications

under various “boundary” and/or “at infinity” conditions, where T is either pseudo-A-proper1 (Theorem 1) or a uniform limit of a special sequence of such mappings (Theorem 2); second, to apply Theorems 1 and 2 to the study of the solvability of Eq. (i) involving various special classes of mappings in Banach spaces. Suppose (X, I;) has an oriented admissible scheme r,i == {1I-;1 , Ill , P,, , Q,J. In trying (see, for example, [24, 26, 331) to obtain the constructive existence of solutions .t^ E D of Eq. (i) as strong limits of solutions .‘c, E D, of the finitedimensional Galerkin-type approximate equations
A factor analysis of a scale of shame and guilt: dimensions of conscience questionnaire

Abstract A cluster analysis of a subscale of the Dimensions of Conscience Questionnaire, a measure of shame and guilt, yielded five clusters. Two, Social Impropriety and Exposed Inadequacy, were reflective of shame; three, Impersonal Transgression, Harm to Another Person, and Trust/Oath Violation, denoted guilt. These clusters were consistent with an earlier factor analysis of the DCQ, and with the characterizations of shame and guilt both by the authors of the DCQ and of the present authors.
Evidence for Statistical Fluctuation in the Fragmentation of O-16 at Intermediate Energies

The asymmetry in the parallel and transverse momentum distributions for fragments produced by the fragmentation of /sup 16/O at intermediate energies has been partially explained previously by the deflection of the projectile trajectory. The remaining discrepancy of approx. 25% between theory and experiment is suggested here as due to the scattering angle fluctuation as a result of the damping of the projectile kinetic energy. A model is introduced to study quantitatively this effect.
Layer separation optimization in CMOS compatible multilayer optical networks

We explore the design space surrounding a CMOS compatible silicon nitride over silicon-on-insulator 3D optical layer for photonic interconnection networks and compare the results with single layer approaches.
Parametric scaling of mathematical models

Abstract Parametric scaling, the process of extrapolation of a modelling result to new parametric conditions, is often required in model optimization, and can be important if the effects of parametric uncertainty on model predictions are to be quantified. Knowledge of the functional relationship between the model solution (y) and the system parameters (α) may also provide insight into the physical system underlying the model. This paper examines strategies for parametric scaling, assuming that only the nominal model solution y(α) and the associated parametric sensitivity coefficients (∂y/∂α, ∂2y/∂α2, etc.) are known. The truncated Taylor series is shown to be a poor choice for parametric scaling, when y has known bounds. Alternate formulae are proposed which ‘build-in’ the constraints on y, thus expanding the parametric region in which the extrapolation may be valid. In the case where y has a temporal as well as a parametric dependence, the extrapolation may be further improved by removing from the Taylor series coefficients the ‘secular’ components, which refer to changes in the time scale of y(t), not to changes in y as a function of α.
(+)-Trienomycins A, B, C, and F and (+)-Mycotrienins I and II: Relative and Absolute Stereochemistry

The complete relative and absolute stereochemistries have been elucidated for the ansamycin antibiotics (+)-trienomycins A, B, and C and their potent antifungal congeners, the (+)-mycotrienins I and II. A new species, (+)-trienomycin F, has also been isolated and characterized. In addition, an end-game synthetic strategy for the trienomycins and mycotrienins has been developed.
Probability distribution for radiation from a black hole in the presence of incoming radiation

Using only results from quantum field theory in curved space-time, we derive the formula for the probability that $k$ particles in a given mode will emerge from a Kerr black hole if $j$ particles in that mode are sent in at late times. Our formula agrees with the formula previously derived by Page and by Bekenstein and Meisels using other arguments. In particular, this proves that a Schwarzschild black hole responds to incoming radiation exactly as a blackbody does.
Mechanisms in endocrinology: regulation of glucose metabolism by the ghrelin system: multiple players and multiple actions.

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide secreted mainly from the X/A-like cells of the stomach. Ghrelin is found in circulation in both des-acyl (dAG) and acyl forms (AG). Acylation is catalyzed by the enzyme ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). AG acts on the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in the CNS to promote feeding and adiposity and also acts on GHSR in the pancreas to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These well-described actions of AG have made it a popular target for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus pharmacotherapies. However, despite the lack of a cognate receptor, dAG appears to have gluco-regulatory action, which adds an additional layer of complexity to ghrelin’s regulation of glucose metabolism. This review discusses the current literature on the gluco-regulatory action of the ghrelin system (dAG, AG, GHSR, and GOAT) with specific emphasis aimed toward distinguishing AG vs dAG action.
Inhibitory effect of isoprenaline on gastric acid secretion in the rat. The role of endogenous histamine

In dogs beta-adrenoreceptor agonists inhibit gastric acid secretion stimulated by exogenous gastrin to a much greater extent than acid secretion stimulated by exogenous histamine. One possible explanation for this observation is that endogenous histamine is important in gastrin-mediated acid secretion and that isoprenaline and related beta-adrenoreceptor agonists block gastric mucosal histamine release. This possibility was tested in the present study in gastric lumen-perfused anaesthetized rats. Intravenous infusion of isoprenaline (12 microgram kg-1 h-1) inhibited maximal, pentagastrin-stimulated acid output by 50-70% (P less than 0.01), but had no significant inhibitory effect on the maximal acid secretory response to histamine. In contrast to its inhibitory effect on gastrin-stimulated acid output, isoproterenol had no effect on gastric histamine output during pentagastrin infusion. We conclude that isoprenaline selectively inhibits gastrin-stimulated acid secretion in the rat, as in the dog, and by a mechanism other than inhibiting gastric histamine release.
The incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into DNA of the area opaca vasculosa of chick embryos

Abstract The incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdUrd) into DNA of the area opaca vasculosa (AOV) of chick embryos during organ culture was measured. The AOV from blastoderms of the definitive primitive streak stage will not form red cells in the presence of BrdUrd while the AOV of 1–3 somite blastoderms is unaffected by the presence of 5-BrdUrd. About 90% of the original non-density labeled DNA can replicate in the presence of 5-BrdUrd if the tissues come from the younger sensitive embryos, but only 65% of the original DNA will replicate from tissues of older insensitive embryos. Tissues from embryos of both ages replace about 80% of the thymidine by BrdUrd in each newly synthesized strand of DNA; tissues from embryos of both ages will form DNA of hybrid density after one cell generation, and will also form double-heavy DNA after longer periods of culture in the presence of 5-BrdUrd. During recovery from 5-BrdUrd inhibition during a thymidine chase, the density-labeled DNA is replicated so that the new DNA of normal density is formed, but the original heavy 5-BrdUrd containing strands are conserved. It is suggested that inhibition of red cell formation by 5-BrdUrd may occur by incorporation of 5-BrdUrd into DNA of endoderm cells, rather than by acting only directly on red cell precursors.
The effect of polychlorobiphenyls (Aroclor 1242) on bicarbonate-C14 uptake byEuglena gracilis

Aroclor 1242 is inhibitory to long-term batch growth ofE uglena gracilis at 10 ppm. Exposure to PCB's, subsequent to an initial drop of 50% in the first 30 minutes, does not appear to inhibit photosynthesis on a per cell basis over the time span of four hours. Consequently our experimental findings suggest that inhibition of population growth does not lie directly in the photosynthetic pathway despite the initial inhibition by Aroclor 1242 onEuglena gracilis in “light”. “Dark” absorption of bicarbonate appears to decrease with increased PCB exposure. This decrease may be causally related to the population growth inhibition observed.
Caudate evoked synaptic activities in nigral neurons

Intracellular recordings from neurons in the substantia nigra have revealed three varieties of monosynaptic PSPs in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral head of the caudate nucleus: short (3–5 msec) latency EPSPs; short (3–5 msec) latency IPSPs; and long (15–20 msec) latency IPSPs. The data indicate that at least three efferent fiber systems link the caudate to the nigra: two fast conducting axonal systems of comparable diameters mediate the short-latency PSPs whereas a slow conducting axonal system mediates the long-latency PSPs. The caudate evoked long-latency IPSPs in nigral neurons were preceded by antidromic and orthodromic potentials in the motor cortex; these cortical potentials are regarded as epiphenomena. The dual, facilitatory-inhibitory control of caudate on nigral neurons is consonant with the proposal that the caudate self-regulates its input from the nigra. The caudate-evoked EPSPs in nigral neurons are sine qua non for the operation of the caudato-nigrothalamic projection system.
Testosterone increases perceived dominance but not attractiveness in human males

Recent evidence suggests that certain features on the human face indicate hormonal levels during growth, and that women judge the attractiveness of potential partners based on the appearance of these features. One entrenched notion is male facial features that are affected by testosterone are used as direct cues in mate preference. Testosterone may be particularly revealing as it is purported to be an honest indicator of male fitness. Increased testosterone may impose an immunocompetence handicap on the bearer and only the best males can carry this handicap. To date, tests of this theory have been indirect, and have relied on digital manipulations that represent unrealistic continuums of masculine and feminine faces. We provide a much more direct test by manipulating digitally male faces to mimic known shape variation, caused by varying levels of testosterone through puberty. We produced a continuum of faces that ranged from low to high levels of testosterone in male faces and asked women to choose the points on the continuum that appeared most attractive and most physically dominant. Our data indicate that high testosterone faces reveal dominance. However, there is no evidence of directional selection for increased (or decreased) testosterone in terms of attractiveness to the opposite sex. We discuss the relevance and applicability of evolutionary interpretations of our data and, contrary to predictions, provide evidence of stabilizing selection acting on testosterone through mate preferences.
Fe(II)- and sulfide-facilitated reduction of 99Tc(VII)O4− in microbially reduced hyporheic zone sediments

Abstract Redox-reactive, biogeochemical phases generated by reductive microbial activity in hyporheic zone sediments from a dynamic groundwater–river interaction zone were evaluated for their ability to reduce soluble pertechnetate [ 99 Tc(VII)O 4 − ] to less soluble Tc(IV). The sediments were bioreduced by indigenous microorganisms that were stimulated by organic substrate addition in synthetic groundwater with or without sulfate. In most treatments, 20 μmol L −1 initial aqueous Tc(VII) was reduced to near or below detection (3.82 × 10 −9 mol L −1 ) over periods of days to months in suspensions of variable solids concentrations. Native sediments containing significant lithogenic Fe(II) in various phases were, in contrast, unreactive with Tc(VII). The reduction rates in the bioreduced sediments increased with increases in sediment mass, in proportion to weak acid-extractable Fe(II) and sediment-associated sulfide (AVS). The rate of Tc(VII) reduction was first order with respect to both aqueous Tc(VII) concentration and sediment mass, but correlations between specific reductant concentrations and reaction rate were not found. X-ray microprobe measurements revealed a strong correlation between Tc hot spots and Fe-containing mineral particles in the sediment. However, only a portion of Fe-containing particles were Tc-hosts. The Tc-hot spots displayed a chemical signature (by EDXRF) similar to pyroxene. The application of autoradiography and electron microprobe allowed further isolation of Tc-containing particles that were invariably found to be ca 100 μm aggregates of primary mineral material embedded within a fine-grained phyllosilicate matrix. EXAFS spectroscopy revealed that the Tc(IV) within these were a combination of a Tc(IV)O 2 -like phase and Tc(IV)–Fe surface clusters, with a significant fraction of a TcS x -like phase in sediments incubated with SO 4 2− . AVS was implicated as a more selective reductant at low solids concentration even though its concentration was below that required for stoichiometric reduction of Tc(VII). These results demonstrate that composite mineral aggregates may be redox reaction centers in coarse-textured hyporheic zone sediments regardless of the dominant anoxic biogeochemical processes.
Influence of systolic blood pressure and body mass index on left ventricular structure in healthy African-American and white young adults: the CARDIA study

Abstract Objectives In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study comprised of a generally healthy, biracial cohort of 28- to 40-year-old adults, we sought to characterize the distribution of left ventricular (LV) mass and LV geometry and the relationship of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting insulin to LV mass and geometry. Background Left ventricular mass is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods Two-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiograms were used to calculate LV mass index (g/height 2.7 ) and geometry. Results Black men had highest LV mass index followed by white men, black women, and white women. Blacks had higher LV wall thickness/diameter ratios than whites. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 2% of the cohort. Going from highest to lowest quartile for LV mass index and LV wall thickness/diameter ratio, SBP and BMI were highest in those with the highest LV mass index and LV wall thickness/diameter ratio. Increasing BMI and SBP over a 10-year interval was also strongly related to LV structure in most race/gender groups. Conclusions In a generally healthy young adult cohort, LV structure as defined by LV mass and geometry is associated with SBP and BMI at levels generally considered normal.
Inhibition of Axon Reflex Vasodilatation by Topically Applied Capsaicin

Topical application of capsaicin to human skin produced an initial burning erythematous reaction which diminished over 24 hr leaving the skin unresponsive to histamine-induced axon reflex vasodilatation without altering sensitivity to pain, touch and temperature. Depletion of substance P from local sensory nerve terminals is suggested as a possible explanation for this capsaicin effect.
Fixed RTA fuel optimal profile descent based on analysis of trajectory performance bound

In this paper, the framework, so called Trajectory Performance Analyzer (TPA), for analyzing performance bound of descent trajectory using optimal control problem formulation is proposed. Minimum time trajectory and minimum fuel trajectory are obtained by trajectory optimizer of TPA and performance bound is determined between two optimal trajectory results. To consider effect of uncertainties from aircraft descent weight as well as effect of initial condition such as cruise speed, sensitivity analysis is performed. The feasible time of arrival to the meter fix is determined based on performance bound of the descent trajectory. To meet the scheduled time of arrival to the meter fix, fixed time RTA minimum fuel descent profile generation method is proposed. The proposed method is suboptimal minimum fuel trajectory generation method constructed with known FMS Vertical Navigation (VNAV) descent algorithms. The VNAV segments used in this method is determined by analyzing minimum fuel trajectories with fixed RTA. The numerical simulations with B737–800 and B767–400 are given to illustrate the proposed TPA framework and fixed RTA suboptimal trajectory generation method for FMS.
Inference from censored Markov chains with applications to multiwave panel data

Abstract We consider some problems of inference from censored discrete-time Markov chains. The censoring mechanism is general enough to be useful in applications and maintains the conditional multinomial sampling model for successive transitions. Procedures are given for nonparametric estimation of transition probabilities and tests of the intrinsic-time and time-homogeneity hypotheses. These procedures apply to multiwave panel data when continuous-time Markov chains are only periodically monitored. To illustrate this we build on a result of Singer and Cohen (1979) by showing that a nonhomogeneous Markov chain without an intrinsic-time is a reasonable model for transition data from a WHO malaria survey.
Pre- and postsynaptic actions of valproic acid at the frog neuromuscular junction

The effect of valproic acid (VPA) on synaptic transmission was investigated at the frog neuromuscular junction using electrophysiological methods. The drug caused a dose-dependent decrease in the quantal content of the endplate potential (EPP) and a significant reduction in the input resistance of the postjunctional membrane. There were no apparent changes in the resting membrane potential or the frequency of the miniature endplate potential (MEPP). These results suggest that VPA has pre- as well as postsynaptic actions, both of which could lead to suppression of synaptic transmission.
Negatively cooperative binding of high-density lipoprotein to the HDL receptor SR-BI.

Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, which also binds low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and mediates the cellular selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from lipoproteins. SR-BI also is a coreceptor for hepatitis C virus and a signaling receptor that regulates cell metabolism. Many investigators have reported that lipoproteins bind to SR-BI via a single class of independent (not interacting), high-affinity binding sites (one site model). We have reinvestigated the ligand concentration dependence of 125I-HDL binding to SR-BI and SR-BI-mediated specific uptake of [3H]CE from [3H]CE-HDL using an expanded range of ligand concentrations (<1 μg of protein/mL, lower than previously reported). Scatchard and nonlinear least-squares model fitting analyses of the binding and uptake data were both inconsistent with a single class of independent binding sites binding univalent lipoprotein ligands. The data are best fit by models in which SR-BI has either two independen...
Corn oil and mineral oil stimulate sham feeding in rats

To determine the orosensory effects of oils on ingestion, we measured the 1-bottle intake of corn oil and of mineral oil during 30 minutes of sham feeding in rats that were food deprived overnight or nondeprived. Rats sham fed both oils. Food-deprived rats ingested significantly more of both oils than nondeprived rats. Rats discriminated corn oil from mineral oil and as little as 0.78% corn oil emulsion from water. When rats sham fed 8 dilutions of corn oil, intake was an inverted-U function of concentration with maximal intakes produced by 12.5%, 25% and 50% corn oil emulsions. Despite similar, sometimes equal, intakes of corn oil and mineral oil in 1-bottle tests, food-deprived and nondeprived rats showed a strong preference for corn oil in 2-bottle, sham-feeding, preference tests. The sensory mechanisms that mediate the oral effects of oil on intake and preference are not known, but the olfactory and trigeminal sensory systems are the most likely candidates. Further work is required to characterize the potency, sensitivity, and discriminability of the orosensory effects of oils, the mechanisms that mediate them, and their role in the control of fat intake.
Glycogen storage disease type I: diagnosis and phenotype/genotype correlation.

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is caused by mutations in theG6PC gene encoding the phosphatase of the microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase system. GSD Ia is characterized by hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and short stature. Other forms of GSD I (GSD I non-a) are characterized by the additional symptom of frequent infections caused by neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction. GSD I non-a is caused by mutations in a gene encoding glucose-6-phosphatase translocase (G6PT1). We report on the molecular genetic analyses of G6PC and G6PT 1 in 130 GSD Ia patients and 15 GSD I non-a patients, respectively, and provide an overview of the current literature pertaining to the molecular genetics of GSD I. Among the GSD Ia patients, 34 different mutations were identified, two of which have not been described before (A65P; F117C). Seventeen different mutations were detected in the GSD I non-a patients. True common mutations were identified neither in GSD Ia nor in GSD I non-a patients,Conclusion: Glycogen storage disease type Ia and and type I non-a are genetically heterogenous disorders. For the diagnosis of the various forms of glycogen storage disease type I, molecular genetic analyses are reliable and convenient alternatives to the enzyme assays in liver biopsy specimens. Some genotype-phenotype correlations exist, for example, homozygosity for oneG6PC mutation, G188R, seems to be associated with a glycogen storage disease type I non-a phenotype and homozygosity for the 727G>T mutation may be associated with a milder phenotype but an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Angiotensin II induces carbon monoxide production in the perfused kidney: relationship to protein kinase C activation

Heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) attenuates vascular reactivity to constrictor stimuli. ANG II produces vasoconstriction and induces HO-1 isoform expression. However, direct evidenc...
Quasi-static normal indentation of an elasto-plastic substrate by a periodic array of elastic strip punches

Abstract The plane-strain, elasto-plastic, contact problem described in the title is treated for a substrate that is perfectly plastic post yield, and so simulates compression molding of some metals at elevated temperatures. The analysis uses finite elements and is verified with test problems and convergence checks. The key finding is that, in what might reasonably be viewed as a fully-plastic state, the molding pressure normalized by the yield stress is equal to a constant plus a term that increases linearly with the depth of indentation. This is in contrast to Tabor’s classical result for hardness testing that has the normalized pressure solely equal to a constant when response is fully plastic. The additional linear stiffening term found with the finite element analysis of the present configuration is confirmed experimentally. An explanation of the source of this stiffening term even with a perfectly-plastic substrate is offered. Contact stresses are also tracked as indentation proceeds. These stresses initially have high stress concentrations near the edges of the strip punches. However, these peak stresses abate rapidly with plastic flow and approach a nearly uniform distribution within the fully-plastic state. Implications for compression molding are discussed.
Simultaneous CFD evaluation of wind flow and dust emission in open storage piles

Dust emission from storage yards is a multivariable problem to be solved not only at any new installation in order to obtain the licenses from the involved authorities but also at existing yards to continue the operation. Engineers have a great variety of methodologies available at the market to estimate such emissions, but in general the process is divided into two independent stages: wind flow analysis and application of emission rates into such wind pattern. This paper summarizes the research developed by this group to link both steps: by using CFX version 10.0, a powerful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, the wind flow around the piles is predicted, or even through a complex yard, and at the same time by implementing new subroutines introduced into the standard software, the program is able to give a quantitative evaluation of the total fugitive dust.
Static and Dynamic Wetting Characteristics of Nano-patterned Surfaces

In efforts to increase the scanning speeds of the current state-of-the-art IC chip manufacturing process, immersion lithography, the present work investigates the liquid wetting effects of oriented surface nanopatterns with varying depth. In this set of experiments, both static and forced dynamic contact line behaviors of two liquids were studied on two substrate materials imprinted with line-space nanopatterns of varying depth and hybridization (second tier of nano-posts). These experiments found a variety hydrophobic and hydrophilic behaviors, some of which deviate from conventional wetting theories. Specifically, the static and dynamic liquid contact angles are found to consistently depend on the depth of patterns with the same interfacial areas, and a surface with contact angle less than 90° was turned highly hydrophobic with the addition of patterns.
Space telescope design considerations

The design considerations for astronomical space telescopes cover many disciplines but can be simplified into two overarching constraints: the desire to maximize science while adhering to budgetary constraints. More than ever, understanding the cost implications up front will be critical to success. Science performance can be translated into a set of simple performance metrics that set the requirements for design options. Cost is typically estimated by considering mass, complexity, technology maturity, and heritage. With this in mind, we survey the many diverse design considerations for a space telescope and, where appropriate, relate them to these basic performance metrics. In so doing, we hope to provide a roadmap for future space telescope designers on how best to optimize the design to maximize science and minimize total cost.
Volume or Value: A Policy Decision for Turkey׳s Tourism Industry

Abstract Turkey has seen an overall increase in both international tourist arrivals and receipts over the past decade. While this would normally be seen unequivocally as a good news story, the simple facts may be deceiving. Although tourist arrival figures and tourism receipts are still increasing, there has been a decline in the rate of growth of both. Moreover, the rate of growth for tourism receipts has decreased more than the rate of growth for tourist arrivals. If this trend continues, it is likely to create a situation where one could begin to question the future economic sustainability of Turkey׳s tourism industry. Is this reduction in the rate of growth a sign that Turkey has reached the consolidation stage of the destination life cycle or, even worse, the stagnation stage? This regional spotlight takes a historical look at Turkey׳s nine ‘five-year-development plans’ and identifies the factors that have caused the rate of growth of tourism receipts to decline. The paper then focuses on how the ‘Tourism Strategy of Turkey – 2023’ might assist in slowing down, arresting or even reversing this rate of decline. This regional spotlight provides insight to practitioners and academics on how tourism development policies can directly influence the growth of tourism receipts in mature, mass-market tourist destinations.
Effects of reduction in shoulder pain on quality of life and community activities among people living long-term with SCI paraplegia: a randomized control trial

AbstractObjective/backgroundPeople with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia can develop shoulder problems over time, which may also cause pain. Shoulder pain may complicate or interfere with a person's daily activities, social events, and their overall quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to examine changes in social interaction and QOL after an exercise treatment for shoulder pain in people with SCI paraplegia.DesignFifty-eight participants with SCI paraplegia who were also experiencing shoulder pain were selected and randomized to either an exercise treatment or a control group. Participants in the treatment group participated in a 12-week, at-home, exercise and movement optimization program designed to strengthen shoulder muscles and modify movements related to upper extremity weight bearing.MethodsParticipants filled out self-report measures at baseline, 12 weeks later at the end of treatment, and at a 4-week follow-up.Outcome measuresThe Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), ...
Vocational Skills and Outcomes among Native American Adolescents: A Test of the Integrative Contextual Model of Career Development.

This study tested hypotheses of the Integrative Contextual Model of Career Development (R. T. Lapan, 2004a) by investigating the multivariate effects of 6 interrelated career development skills (career exploration, person- environment fit, goal setting, social/prosocial/work readiness, self-regulated learning, and the utilization of social support) on 6 intermediate vocational outcomes (academic achievement, self-efficacy expectations, positive self-attributions, vocational interests, vocational identity, and proactivity) among Native American adolescents. Results showed that individual and shared variance among the skills positively predicted 79% of variance in 5 of the 6 outcomes. Results suggest that each of the skills contributes substantially and in combination to Native American adolescents' career development.
Halocarbene production in free-jet expansions from a hot nozzle

Abstract The efficient production of the carbenes CCl2, CBr2 and CBrCl in a supersonic free jet using a hot nozzle has been demonstrated. A variety of bromine- and chlorine-containing halomethanes have been investigated and characterized as precursors. The observed chemistry appears to be in general agreement with expectations based on the known unimolecular decomposition mechanisms. Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectra have been observed for all three species. For the latter two carbenes, the medium resolution spectra provide detail and information not previously available.
Representing spatial abstractions of constructed facilities

Abstract This work presents a general technique to represent and identify various abstractions of spatial information in a uniform and consistent manner regardless of the dimensionality of the geometric elements used to model these abstractions. The principal motivation of this study is to provide a general spatial representation scheme that can be used by all disciplines involved throughout the lifecycle of a constructed facility to specify and reason about the facility information. However, this scheme is sufficiently general to be used in other domains in which spatial decomposition and configuration of objects are of great interest. In our implementation, the spatial information is modeled using a vertex-based, non-manifold geometric modeling system. The non-spatial attributes are handled by a separate information management system, such as a relational database, and linked to their corresponding spatial attributes in the geometric modeler.