cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social in, social out: How the brain responds to social language with more social language.

Social connection is a fundamental human need. As such, people's brains are sensitized to social cues, such as those carried by language, and to promoting social communication. The neural mechanisms of certain key building blocks in this process, such as receptivity to and reproduction of social language, however, are not known. We combined quantitative linguistic analysis and neuroimaging to connect neural activity in brain regions used to simulate the mental states of others with exposure to, and retransmission of, social language. Our results link findings on successful idea transmission from communication science, sociolinguistics, and cognitive neuroscience to prospectively predict the degree of social language that participants utilize when retransmitting ideas as a function of (1) initial language inputs and (2) neural activity during idea exposure.
Wavelet-based method for the suppression of ringing on force data taken during the extensional rheology of a non-Newtonian fluid polymer

This paper describes the study of wavelet-based methods employed to de-noise a force transducer signal. This signal was extracted during the extensional deformation of a non-Newtonian polymer fluid. The non-Newtonian polymeric fluid was extensionally deformed with an exponentially increasing velocity profile. This velocity profile corresponded to a specific strain rate. Since the motion was stopped quickly (deceleration time was below 50ms for a complete stop), a serious problem of ringing occurred for approximately one second after the motion has ceased. The ringing manifested itself as a damped harmonic oscillation, which overrides the relaxation characteristics of the molecular structure within the boger fluid. In this paper, our goal was to suppress the damped harmonic oscillatory signal while preserving the relaxation characteristics (decaying exponential signal) of the force data. Several wavelet-based techniques provided acceptable noise suppression while preserving the signal of interest.
Preparation of Interconnected Microporous Poly(glycolic-co-lactic acid) With High Hydroxyapatite Loading

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is known to promote osteogenicity and enhance mechanical strength of biopolymers. However, incorporating a large amount of HA into aporous biopolymer still remains a challenge. In this study, a new method was investigated to incorporate high HA loading into interconnected microporous poly(glycolic-co-lactic acid) (PLGA). Specifically, a tertiary blend comprising PLGA/PS/HA (40/40/20 wt%), prepared by melt blending under conditions for formation of a co-continuous structure, was annealed under small-strain oscillation between parallel plates. The results from different characterizations suggested that the applied small-strain oscillation substantially accelerated the migration of HA nanoparticles during annealing from the PS phase to the PLGA phase; nearly all HA particles were uniformly presented in the PLGA phase after a short period of annealing. After dissolution of the PS phase, a PLGA material with interconnected microporous structure was successfully produced, with a high HA loading above 30 wt%.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Freezing tolerance of onion bulbs and significance of freeze-induced tissue infiltration.

Abstract 1. (1) In spite of the high water content of the onion bulb, most of its cells are alive on thawing after slow freezing to −20 °C, and all are alive after slow freezing for several hours to any temperature above −18 °C. They even survive 12 days at −11 °C. 2. (2) All the tissues of onion bulbs are infiltrated on thawing, after slow freezing to temperatures of −20 °C, and almost a third of the tissues are infiltrated even after slow freezing to only −4 °C. 3. (3) Infiltration of thawed tissues, therefore, is not a criterion of cell death. 4. (4) As further evidence of this conclusion, bulbs frozen at −4 °C and showing 30–60% infiltration completely recovered after 3 days at 5 °C and no longer showed any infiltration. 5. (5) In opposition to this recovery from infiltration, onion bulbs frozen for many days at −11 °C and showing 75% infiltration on thawing are 100% infiltrated after 3 days at 5 °C. 6. (6) One component of the freezing tolerance of onion bulbs is, therefore, a healing process that occurs after thawing. Conversely, if frozen to a temperature below its full tolerance, the injury progresses after thawing is complete.
Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: Predicting outcomes with natural history models

In patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), risk score models that reflect disease severity have been developed and can serve as an objective measurement to assess and evaluate the effect of the severity of liver disease on the outcome of liver transplantation. Thus, using the established Mayo risk scores for PBC and PSC, one not only can estimate survival for the individual patient but can measure disease activity as well. Indeed, several studies have suggested that the optimal timing of liver transplantation with use of the Mayo PBC model may be an important tool to improve survival, decrease morbidity, and decrease overall related costs. Likewise, studies in patients with PSC have yielded similar results. This review explores how prognostic mathematical survival models for PBC and PSC might be applied to individual patients in need of liver transplantation. The following question is addressed: How can the timing of liver transplantation be optimized to increase survival, decrease postoperative morbidity, and, ultimately, decrease the overall resource utilization involved in this procedure?
Exploring Dynamic Assessment as a Means of Identifying Children At Risk of Developing Comprehension Difficulties

In this study, the authors explore a newly constructed dynamic assessment (DA) intended to tap inference-making skills that they hypothesize will be predictive of future comprehension performance. The authors administered the test to 100 second-grade children using a dynamic format to consider the concurrent validity of the measure. The dynamic portion of the assessment comprised teaching children to be “reading detectives” by using textual clues to solve what was happening in the story. During the DA children listened to short passages and answered three inferential questions (i.e., one setting, two causal). If children were unable to answer a question, they were reminded what a reading detective would do and given a set of increasingly concrete prompts and clues to orient them to the relevant portion of text until they could answer the question correctly. Results showed that the DA correlated significantly with a standardized measure of reading comprehension and explained a small but significant amount ...
Micro/macro force-servoed gripper for precision photonics assembly and analysis

Photonics is a field that straddles both the macro and micro worlds. It largely deals with macro-scale devices, but many of these require sub-micron-scale precision in assembly. This makes it a very interesting application domain. We describe a microgripper for microassembly of photonic devices and micro-exploration of the properties of sub-micron attachment means (such as solder and UV epoxy). The microgripper has multi-degree-of-freedom actuation and a unique micro/macro actuator on the gripping axis to facilitate human loading and unloading and also very precise accommodation. We demonstrate the force sensitivity and stiffness of approximately 20 mN and 70 mN/um, respectively to be sufficient for the intended tasks. Finally, we demonstrate the gripper accommodating forces of a large solder ball freezing and cooling as a prelude to our intended study of sub-millimeter solder balls in sub-second heating regimes.
Effects of construction and alignment errors on the orbit functions of the Advanced Photon Source Storage Ring

The orbit functions for the Advanced Photon Source storage ring have been studied using the simulation code RACETRACK. Nonlinear elements are substituted into the storage ring lattice to simulate the effects of construction and alignment errors in the quadrupole, dipole, and sextupole magnets. The effects of these errors on the orbit distortion, dispersion, and beta functions are then graphically analyzed to show the RMS spread of the functions across several machines. The studies show that the most significant error is displacement of the quadrupole magnets. Further studies using a three-bump correction routine show that these errors can be corrected to acceptable levels. >
Estrogen receptor-α and progesterone receptor are expressed in label-retaining mammary epithelial cells that divide asymmetrically and retain their template DNA strands

Stem cells of somatic tissues are hypothesized to protect themselves from mutation and cancer risk through a process of selective segregation of their template DNA strands during asymmetric division. Mouse mammary epithelium contains label-retaining epithelial cells that divide asymmetrically and retain their template DNA. Immunohistochemistry was used in murine mammary glands that had been labeled with [3H]thymidine during allometric growth to investigate the co-expression of DNA label retention and estrogen receptor (ER)-α or progesterone receptor (PR). Using the same methods, we investigated the co-localization of [3H]thymidine and ER-α or PR in mammary tissue from mice that had received treatment with estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin subsequent to a long chase period to identify label-retaining cells. Label-retaining epithelial cells (LRECs) comprised approximately 2.0% of the entire mammary epithelium. ER-α-positive and PR-positive cells represented about 30–40% of the LREC subpopulation. Administration of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin altered the percentage of LRECs expressing ER-α. The results presented here support the premise that there is a subpopulation of LRECs in the murine mammary gland that is positive for ER-α and/or PR. This suggests that certain mammary LRECs (potentially stem cells) remain stably positive for these receptors, raising the possibility that LRECs comprise a hierarchy of asymmetrically cycling mammary stem/progenitor cells that are distinguished by the presence or absence of nuclear steroid receptor expression.
Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi following Antibiotic Treatment in Mice

The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment was examined in a mouse model of Lyme borreliosis. Mice were treated with ceftriaxone or saline solution for 1 month, commencing during the early (3 weeks) or chronic (4 months) stages of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Tissues from mice were tested for infection by culture, PCR, xenodiagnosis, and transplantation of allografts at 1 and 3 months after completion of treatment. In addition, tissues were examined for the presence of spirochetes by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to saline solution-treated mice, mice treated with antibiotic were consistently culture negative, but tissues from some of the mice remained PCR positive, and spirochetes could be visualized in collagen-rich tissues. Furthermore, when some of the antibiotic-treated mice were fed on by Ixodes scapularis ticks (xenodiagnosis), spirochetes were acquired by the ticks, as determined based upon PCR results, and ticks from those cohorts transmitted spirochetes to naive SCID mice, which became PCR positive but culture negative. Results indicated that following antibiotic treatment, mice remained infected with nondividing but infectious spirochetes, particularly when antibiotic treatment was commenced during the chronic stage of infection.
Active Pursuit Tracking in a Projector-Camera System with Application to Augmented Reality

We introduce on active object tracking algorithm that maintains relative calibration between a camera projector pair for augmented-relaity applications. The approach is motivated by the growing use of digital light projectors for human computer interaction and novel display environments. These domains typically require known relative calibration between the camera and projector so that events detected ib the camera (i.e. a user pushbutton selection) can correctly impact the projected display. The tracking algorithm detects both real world landmarks and projected fiducials and updates the transform that will bring them into alignment in each frame. The active pursuit tracker is demonstrated in the context of an application that allows users to visualize a virtual volume of three-dimensional data simply by physically positioning a display plane within the space.
Purification and Properties of Primary and Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (ATCC 31550) has primary and secondary alcohol dehydrogenases. The two enzymes were purified to homogeneity as judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The apparent M(r)s of the primary and secondary alcohol dehydrogenases are 184,000 and 172,000, respectively. Both enzymes have high thermostability. They are tetrameric with apparently identical subunits and contain from 3.2 to 5.5 atoms of Zn per subunit. The two dehydrogenases are NADP dependent and reversibly convert ethanol and 1-propanol to the respective aldehydes. The V(m) values with ethanol as a substrate are 45.6 mumol/min per mg for the primary alcohol dehydrogenase and 13 mumol/min per mg for the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase at pH 8.9 and 60 degrees C. The primary enzyme oxidizes primary alcohols, including up to heptanol, at rates similar to that of ethanol. It is inactive with secondary alcohols. The secondary enzyme is inactive with 1-pentanol or longer chain alcohols. Its best substrate is 2-propanol, which is oxidized 15 times faster than ethanol. The secondary alcohol dehydrogenase is formed early during the growth cycle. It is stimulated by pyruvate and has a low K(m) for acetaldehyde (44.8 mM) in comparison to that of the primary alcohol dehydrogenase (210 mM). The latter enzyme is formed late in the growth cycle. It is postulated that the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase is largely responsible for the formation of ethanol in fermentations of carbohydrates by T. ethanolicus.
Perinatal management of congenital oropharyngeal tumors: the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) approach.

Abstract Purpose To present our experience in the perinatal management of fetuses with large oropharyngeal tumors by ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT). Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with congenital oropharyngeal tumor who underwent an EXIT procedure between May 2006 and June 2012. Results Four patients were included in the series, three females and one male. The diagnoses were epignathus ( n =2) and congenital epulis ( n =2). Three EXITs were done at term and one at late preterm due to premature rupture of membranes. Median maternal time under anesthesia was 185min (range: 166–281) and median maternal operative time was 99min (range: 85–153). Median maternal blood loss was 550ml (range: 350–2000); one mother required a blood transfusion. Mean maternal hospital stay was 4days. Median hysterotomy-to-cord clamp time was 24min (range: 18–66). Mean fetal birth weight was 2.7kg (range: 2.4–3). The airway was successfully accessed and secured under placental circulation in all cases. In the two patients with congenital epulis the tumors were resected at the base of their pedicles and the airway accessed via direct laryngoscopy before the umbilical cord was clamped. One patient with epignathus underwent a retrograde tracheal intubation under placental circulation and had the tumor resected thereafter. The second patient with epignathus had a tracheostomy done under placental circulation and then had tumor debulking immediately after the EXIT. The maternal morbidity was minimal and there were no mortalities. Conclusions We conclude that the EXIT procedure is the ideal delivery strategy for fetuses with prenatally diagnosed oropharyngeal tumors and potential airway obstruction at birth. Patients with prenatally diagnosed oropharyngeal tumors should be promptly referred to a fetal treatment center with a dedicated multidisciplinary team and EXIT capabilities.
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders in State Mental Hospitals: Data from a Nationwide Survey

Notwithstanding three decades of transferring of the elderly to nursing homes, geriatric patients continue to reside in state mental hospitals. Many of these patients, perhaps one-third or more, are thought to suffer from Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). This study reports data from a nationwide survey of state hospitals that provides an exploratory look at the ADRD patients currently served in state hospitals. Admission trends, reasons for admission, and sources of referral are described. Civil commitment of nursing home patients with dementing illnesses and the place of the state hospital in the continuum of care for ADRD patients are discussed.
Observation of Toroidal Magnetic Fields on 100 pc Scales in the Galactic Center

We present new submillimeter polarimetric observations of the Galactic center region, made using the SPARO polarimeter that operates at the South Pole. Compared with previous submillimeter polarimetry of this region, our measurements cover much more sky area, and they imply that the molecular gas in the central few hundred pc is threaded by a large scale toroidal magnetic field. We consider this result together with radio observations that show evidence for poloidal fields in the Galactic center, and with Faraday rotation observations. We compare all of these observations with a magnetodynamic model for the Galactic center.
Book Review: The Sword and the Scales: The United States and International Courts and Tribunals

This is a book review of "The Sword and the Scales: The United States and International Courts and Tribunals," edited by Cesare P. R. Romano (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010). The book provides in-depth analysis of the relationship between the United States and various of the world's most important international courts and tribunals. The review was written for a forthcoming issue of Climate Law.
A workshop on transitioning cities at the food-energy-water nexus

Metropolitan development in the USA has historically relied on systems of centralized infrastructure that assume a population density and level of economic activity that has not been consistently sustained in post-industrial urban landscapes. In many cities, this has resulted in dependence on systems that are environmentally, economically, and socially unsustainable. Reliance on this deteriorating social and physical infrastructure results in waste and decreased efficiencies. While numerous cities could exemplify this trend, the present work highlights two compelling cases: Detroit, Michigan and Baltimore, Maryland. The paper provides important feedback from a recent workshop held with experts of both practical and academic backgrounds from both cities. The workshop focused on sustainability of the food-energy-water nexus within the context of transitioning urban landscapes, economies, and governance processes associated with post-industrial cities. The pursuit of environmental, economic, and social sustainability—especially in relation to food, energy, and water—is particularly challenging in aged and deteriorating post-industrial urban settings, and the importance of such cities to the global economy demands that attention be focused on research and education to support this mission. Given their age, geographic locations, and complex social-ecological histories, the examination and comparison of the cities of Detroit and Baltimore in the workshop described here provided a unique opportunity for evaluation of research, education and outreach needs, and opportunities in food, energy, and water (FEW) sustainability.
The serum vitamin B12 concentration in pernicious anemia.

Abstract The results of microbiologic assays of serum vitamin B 12 levels using E. gracilis are reported. The mean total serum vitamin B 12 level in twenty normal subjects was 532 μμg per milliliter; all had free vitamin B 12 present. In thirty-three patients with pernicious anemia in relapse, it was 39 μμg per milliliter and no free vitamin B 12 was detected. Twelve patients with megaloblastic anemia that subsequently responded to folic acid therapy had levels within the normal range and a mean of 307 μμg per milliliter. Sulfonamide derivatives may be present in serum in concentrations which can inhibit Euglena growth; this inhibitory effect may be abolished by PABA added in vitro. The capacity to bind vitamin B 12 , thus rendering it unavailable for Euglena growth, is similar for serum from normal persons and from patients with pernicious anemia.
Use of fluorescent antibody techniques in observations on the morphogenesis of fungi.

(1964). Use of Fluorescent Antibody Techniques in Observations on the Morphogenesis of Fungi. Mycologia: Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 701-707.
Effect of DL-Amphetamine on Open-Field Behaviors in the Rat

A group of rats injected with 4 mg/kg of DL-amphetamine was compared with a saline-injected group with respect to behavior in an open field. Both groups were equally food-deprived. The drug group, unlike the saline group, showed an absence of feeding, grooming, and freezing; however, the groups did not differ in the kind of exploratory behavior shown. It was concluded that the inhibitory effect of amphetamine on feeding might be viewed as part of a more general inhibition of non-exploratory behavior, as opposed to a phenomenon specific to feeding.
Comparative Effects of Aminoglycosides on Renal Cortical and Urinary Phospholipids in the Rat

We examined the relationship between the nephrotoxicity potential of four aminoglycosides and the capacity of the drugs to induce a renal cortical phospholipidosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or netilmicin, 100 mg/kg per day, for 1 to 4 days, and phospholipid accumulation in the renal cortex and phospholipid excretion in the urine were measured. The rank order of the drug-induced renal cortical phospholipidosis was netilmicin greater than tobramycin greater than gentamicin greater than neomycin. This order is the reverse of the previously established nephrotoxicity potentials of these drugs. Conversely, the rank order according to peak urinary excretion of phospholipids was gentamicin greater than neomycin greater than tobramycin greater than netilmicin. The rank order of the total urinary phospholipid excretion during the 4 days of the study was neomycin greater than or equal to gentamicin greater than tobramycin greater than or equal to netilmicin. Urinary phospholipid excretion may prove to be a sensitive indicator of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
Slip Casting of Mullite and Properties of Sintered Body (Part 2)

Slip casting of high purity mullite powder produced by coprecipitation method was studied to fabricate mullite ceramic parts with complicated shapes. The preparation conditions of well dispersed slurry (71mass% solids) was prepared by addition of deflocculant (0.2mass%), binder (0.3mass%) and defoamer (0.15mass%). Shaping of test pieces were used by the vaccum pressure assisted slip casting system with a porous polymer resin mold. The mechanical properties of the sintered body were investigated. High density mullite ceramics was obtained at 1650°C for 5hr. The sintered body of high purity mullite showed a flexural strength of about 290MPa and a Weibull modulus of 20.0 at room temperature.
Evaluative Responses to Jokes in Informative Speech with and without Laughter by an Audience: A Partial Replication

Summary.-Mean responses of 39 students shown a videotaped speech with laughter were higher than those of 33 students viewing the speech without laughter, thereby confirming prior work. Gruner (1993) reported that one of two videotaped speeches containing jokes was rated hgher by audiences when audible laughter followed each joke. Rat~ngs of the other videotaped speech were confounded by an order effect: ratings were lower when rhs speech immediately followed the more interesting one. The less interesting of the two speeches was presented in a random order individually to students, the "laughter" version to 39 and the "no-laughter" version co 33. The experimenter instructed the participant, turned on the tape, then worked at a table 12 feet from the TV monitor. After viewing the speech, the participant was given semantic differential scales measuring the speaker's authoritativeness, character, and dynamism plus scales measuring "incerestingness" and "funniness." Students also assigned a letter grade to the speech (A = 4.0, A - = 3.7, B + = 3.3, etc.).
Psychological Status of Patients Undergoing Electronystagmography

Dizzy patients undergoing electronystagmography (ENG) often express stressful life situations, anxiety, and other adverse psychological states. Many past studies have dealt with the interrelations among actual vertigo (or less specific dizziness) and various psychological factors. The present study compares results of a psychological screening questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Index, between vertiginous patients undergoing ENG, and nonvertiginous patients undergoing another diagnostic test, auditory brainstem response (ABR), for complaints other than dizziness. A second age-matched control group consisted of subjects without medical complaints. Results showed that the ENG group have a significantly greater degree and prevalence of adverse psychological state than either control group. These results, while not indicating whether vertigo is the cause or effect of such states, do indicate the high prevalence of psychological morbidity among the comparatively mildly dizzy patients typically encountered in ENG testing. Greater attention to the psychological aspects of the dizzy patient is indicated.
NMR studies of the interaction of calmodulin with IQ motif peptides

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous EF-hand calcium sensor protein that transduces calcium signals in a wide range of signaling pathways. Structural analysis of complexes with peptides has provided valuable insights into the remarkable variety in the way in which CaM interacts with and activates its targets. Among these various targets, CaM has been shown to be an essential component of a calcium-sensing regulatory apparatus for a number of voltage-gated ion channels. NMR spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the structural characterization of CaM-peptide complexes, in particular for the study of IQ motifs, which bind CaM at the basal level of calcium in cells and thereby serve to localize CaM to its sites of action. We describe here methods for the robust expression and purification of CaM isotopically enriched for NMR analysis, as well as for the complex of CaM with a peptide derived from the IQ motif sequence of the human cardiac sodium channel Na(V)1.5. We also describe methods for NMR analysis of titrations of CaM with IQ motif peptides to determine the stoichiometry of the complex and to identify the residues at the binding interface.
Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics and Morbidity on Hepatitis B in Liaocheng in 2004-2011

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Liaocheng in 2004-2011 and provide scientific basis for controlling measures.Methods:Method of descriptive epidemiology and the dynamic analysis were used to analyze epidemiological data of hepatitis B in Liaocheng in 2004-2011.Results:19 189 hepatitis B cases were reported in 2004-2011,the annual average incidence rate was 42.06/100 000(male 51.15,female 31.81);there was a fluctuating rising tendency to the incidence generally,the highest incidence was among the 20-24 age group,the incidence in 10-25 age group decreased significantly and increased year by year in 40-65 age group;the peasants,students and workers cases accounted for 83.8% of all,the constituent ratio of house-hold unemployees increased significantly. Conclusion:Young males,peasants,students,workers and house-hold unemployees are important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B and immunization should be strengthened in these populations.
Analysis on the health of occupational workers exposed to benzene

Objective To investigate the health status of workers exposed to benzene in Kaifeng,early detect occupational contraindication and diseases,and provide evidences for feasible strategy.Methods We carried on the physical exam to the occupational workers exposed to benzene.Results The abnormal rates in physical examination were 32.8% in hypertension,33.5% in ultrasound color,21.3% in ECG,34.1% in blood indicators,12.4% in liver function,2.8% in urine routines.The abnormal rates of blood indicators such as WBC,HGB in women were higher than that of men exposed to benzene.Conclusion It should strengthen the health protection and health care for benzene-exposed workers,especially for women.
Diastolic heart failure: what, so what and now what?

The Elephant in the Room Until two decades ago, the notion that heart failure (HF) could occur in the presence of normal ejection fraction (EF) was met with great skepticism. While most physicians could recall encounters with hypertensive elderly ladies in acute pulmonary oedema despite a normal EF, it was not until large epidemiologic studies provided evidence for the existence of this syndrome that clinicians began to acknowledge “the elephant in the room”. These epidemiologic studies have confi rmed that half of patients with HF indeed have preserved EF1-6 and that this half of the HF population are predominantly women aged over 65 years with a history of hypertension. Obesity occurs in 30% to 50% of patients, diabetes in 30% to 50% and atrial fi brillation in 20% to 40% of cases. The prevalence of renal disease is high, while the reported prevalence of coronary artery disease varies widely.7
Intravenous Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Evaluation of Potential Renal Donors

AbstractOf 65 surgically removed donor kidneys intravenous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated accurately the number of renal arteries in 58 (89 per cent). All accessory vessels missed at digital subtraction angiography were small and their presence did not interfere with successful transplantation in those donated. Of 50 surgically removed donor kidneys examined with conventional aortography only before the routine use of intravenous digital subtraction angiography the number of renal arteries was demonstrated accurately in 46 (92 per cent).Intravenous digital subtraction angiography offers advantages over conventional aortography, including most importantly the routine performance on an outpatient basis, and decreased film cost and examination time. Although the accuracy of conventional aortography (92 per cent) in detecting the number of renal arteries is slightly greater than that for intravenous digital subtraction angiography (89 per cent), the advantages of the digital examination justify ...
Gut Microbial Alterations Associated With Protection From Autoimmune Uveitis.

PURPOSE To investigate the contribution of the gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of uveitis. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in B10.RIII mice was induced using interphotoreceptor binding protein peptide. Mice were treated with oral or intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics. Effector (Teff) and regulatory (Treg) T lymphocytes were identified using flow cytometry; 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR were performed on gastrointestinal (GI) contents. RESULTS Broad-spectrum (four antibiotics given simultaneously) oral, but not IP, antibiotics reduced mean uveitis clinical scores significantly compared with water-treated animals (0.5 vs. 3.0, P 0.99 for IP). Both oral metronidazole (P = 0.02) and vancomycin (P < 0.0001) alone decreased inflammation, whereas neomycin (P = 0.7) and ampicillin (P = 0.4) did not change mean uveitis scores. Oral broad-spectrum antibiotics increased Tregs in the GI lamina propria of EAU animals at 1 week, and in extraintestinal lymphoid tissues later, whereas Teff and inflammatory cytokines were reduced. 16S sequencing of GI contents revealed altered microbiota in immunized mice compared with nonimmunized mice, and microbial diversity clustering in EAU mice treated with uveitis-protective antibiotics. Experimental autoimmune uveitis mice also demonstrated gut microbial diversity clustering associated with clinical score severity. CONCLUSIONS Oral antibiotics modulate the severity of inducible EAU by increasing Tregs in the gut and extraintestinal tissues, as well as decreasing effector T cells and cytokines. 16S sequencing suggests that there may be protective and, conversely, potentially uveitogenic, gut microbiota. These findings may lead to a better understanding of how uveitis can be treated or prevented by modulating the gut microbiome.
Microscale Biomaterials with Bioinspired Complexity of Early Embryo Development and in the Ovary for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) are attracting more and more attention for treating various diseases in modern medicine. Various biomaterials including hydrogels and scaffolds have been developed to prepare cells (particularly stem cells) and tissues under 3D conditions for TERM applications. Although these biomaterials are usually homogeneous in early studies, effort has been made recently to generate biomaterials with the spatiotemporal complexities present in the native milieu of the specific cells and tissues under investigation. In this communication, the microfluidic and coaxial electrospray approaches that we used for generating microscale biomaterials with the spatial complexity of both preimplantation embryos and ovary in the female reproductive system were introduced. This is followed by an overview of our recent work on applying the resultant bioinspired biomaterials for cultivation of normal and cancer stem cells, regeneration of cardiac tissue, and culture of ovarian folli...
Abstract 3703: A prospective study of racial/ethnic disparities in pain experience among breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Purpose: Pain is one of the multiple quality of life issues in breast cancer survivors. We sought to determine whether race/ethnic disparity exists in radiotherapy (RT)-induced pain and to assess associated risk factors. Methods and Materials: Consecutive 375 female patients undergoing adjuvant RT after breast-conserving surgery during 2009-2014 were evaluated. Pain score was assessed as mean of the four pain severity items (pain at its worst, least, average, and now) using 11-point numeric rating scale (0-10) at pre-RT and post-RT. Pain scores of 4 to 10 were regarded as clinically relevant pain. Pain presence and RT-induced change were examined. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, we evaluated risk factors for pre-RT, post-RT, and RT-induced pain. Results: A total of 15.5% participants self-identified as non-Hispanic white (NHW), 20.8% African American (AA), and 63.7% as Hispanic white (HW). AA patients were more likely to be obese, to report comorbidities, and to have advanced diseases. Pain prevalence was 15.9% at pre-RT and 31.3% at post-RT while 19.7% of patients experienced RT-induced pain. Post-RT pain severity and pain presence were associated with race/ethnicity, age, BMI, number of comorbidity, tumor stage, HER2 status, axillary surgery, fractionation, RT dose, breast volume, and hotspot volume (V105). Multivariable analyses identified HW and obese as independently associated with pre-RT pain while AA, HW, younger age (<50), number of comorbidity (≥2), V105, and pre-RT pain score with post-RT pain. Multivariable analysis also identified AA (OR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.05-9.93, p = 0.041), younger age (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.24-4.85, p = 0.010), and number of comorbidity (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.29-7.21, p = 0.011 for 2; OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.46-14.37, p = 0.009 for at least 3) as risk factors for RT-induced pain. Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrates AA and younger women are more susceptible to RT-induced pain. In addition, the management of comorbidity conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disease, deserves attention to prevent RT-induced pain in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Eunkyung Lee, Cristiane Takita, Jean L. Wright, Isildinha M. Reis, Wei Zhao, Jennifer J. Hu. A prospective study of racial/ethnic disparities in pain experience among breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3703
Industrial development in an open economy : the case of Norway

The structure of the Norwegian economy and the strategy for industrial development in the postwar period is examined. In the base year, 1949, primary activities which include agriculture, fishing and whaling, forestry, and mining, accounted for 41.6 percent of value added in the commodity producing sectors with agriculture of greatest importance. Manufactured goods accounted for 37.1 percent. Comparisons with other countries at similiar levels of industrialization shows that Norway was ahead in terms of value added in the industrial sector. Intermediate products, processed food and fish, pulp and paper, fertilizers and carbide, unwrought nonferrous metals, and ferroalloys, were usually used for export while manufacturing activities were oriented towards the home market. Between 1949 and 1966, the exports of manufactured goods increased more than twelvefold. There has been a shift from commodities of low to those of high labor skill requirement as well as a tendency toward intraindustry specialization. Foreign competition has contributed to the efficient operation of Norwegian firms. The record of the Norwegian economy indicates the possibilities of expanding manufacturing industries behind low trade barriers.
Genome-wide copy number analysis of cell-free DNA from patients with chemotherapy-resistant metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

1092Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a poor prognosis breast cancer subset characterized by relatively few mutations but extensive copy number alterations (CNAs). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers the potential to overcome infrequent tumor biopsies in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) and interrogate the genomics of chemotherapy resistance. Methods: 506 archival or fresh plasma samples were identified from 164 patients with mTNBC who had previously received chemotherapy. We performed low coverage sequencing to determine genome-wide copy number and estimate ‘tumor fraction’ of cfDNA (TFx). In patient samples with TFx >10%, we identified regions that were significantly gained or lost using GISTIC2.0. We compared CNAs of mTNBCs with primary TNBCs from a publicly-available dataset, METABRIC (TNBC n=277). Results: We successfully obtained high quality, low coverage whole genome sequencing data for 478 (94.5%) plasma samples from 158 patients, with 1 to 14 samples per patient. Archival samples had significa...
Definitions of Polarization in Radar

A review of definitions and methods used in the polarization-dependent analysis of radar is presented. Careful attention is given to coordinate systems used in the definitions of polarization descriptors. Deficiencies in the IEEE Standards for antennas are pointed out.
The complex structure and function of Mediator

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many noncoding RNAs. Whereas many factors contribute to the regulation of pol II activity, the Mediator complex is required for expression of most, if not all, pol II transcripts. Structural characterization of Mediator is challenging due to its large size (∼20 subunits in yeast and 26 subunits in humans) and conformational flexibility. However, recent studies have revealed structural details at higher resolution. Here, we summarize recent findings and place in context with previous results, highlighting regions within Mediator that are important for regulating its structure and function.
Control of Volunteer Horseradish and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Dicamba and Glyphosate

Management of volunteer horseradish is a challenge when it is grown in rotation with other crops, such as corn and soybean. Although volunteer horseradish may not cause yield loss, these plants serve as hosts for various soilborne pathogens that damage subsequent horseradish crops. In addition to volunteer horseradish, glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth is becoming difficult to control in southwestern Illinois, as a consequence of the plant's ability to withstand glyphosate and drought, produce many seeds, and grow rapidly. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of glyphosate and dicamba on volunteer horseradish and Palmer amaranth control in 2014 and 2015. Glyphosate alone (1,265 and 1,893 g ae ha-1) and glyphosate plus dicamba at the high rate (1,680 g ae ha-1) provided the greatest volunteer horseradish control, ranging from 81% to 89% and 90% to 93%, respectively. Measures of root biomass reduction followed similar trends. Glyphosate alone provided the greatest reduction in volunteer ho...
A Practical Manual to Labor and Delivery

Packed with the most up-to-date recommendations, this invaluable preparatory handbook is a trusted resource for all levels of providers that care for laboring patients. Gain confidence in managing patients from when they present to triage all the way through labor, delivery and the postpartum period. Gives providers critical clinical algorithms for routine and emergency situations and procedures. Includes: detailed description of common obstetric procedures and examinations, evidence-based practice recommendations for labor management and pain control options, sample notes, orders, and operative dictations for cesarean section, multiple illustrations and treatment algorithms that clarify and explain details students and residents are most likely to encounter during obstetric rotations. Written by an experienced maternal fetal medicine physician, this book fills practical knowledge gaps left by conventional textbooks. It provides comprehensive insights for labor management, including emergencies, and improves provider confidence resulting in better care of obstetric patients.
Quantum Theory of Angular Momentum

This chapter affords a brief summary of the quantum theory of angular momentum. As the angular momentum of a charged particle is proportional to its magnetization, this subject is at the core of the theory of magnetism. We shall show that motional angular momentum is inadequate, and introduce spin angular momentum. We shall develop operator techniques expressing angular momentum or spin operators in terms of more primitive fermion or boson operators. The topics of spin-one-half and spin-one are treated individually, for use in subsequent chapters on the theory of magnetism.
The Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910–1950

The Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States is an arresting account of the history of social and human sciences during the first half of the twentieth century. Challenging prev...
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Heart: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both manifestations of end-organ damage of the metabolic syndrome. Through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, CVD and NAFLD are associated with each other. Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hepatic insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and altered lipid metabolism are some of the mechanisms by which NAFLD increases the risk of CVD. Patients with NAFLD develop increased atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia, which clinically result in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Defining the mechanisms linking these 2 diseases offers the opportunity to further develop targeted therapies. The aim of this comprehensive review is to examine the association between CVD and NAFLD and discuss the overlapping management approaches.
Acoustic tag retention rate varies between juvenile green and hawksbill sea turtles

Biotelemetry has become a key tool for studying marine animals in the last decade, and a wide range of electronic tags are now available for answering a range of research questions. However, comparatively, less attention has been given to attachment methods for these tags and the implications of tag retention on study design, especially when designing a comparative study looking at multiple species. Here, we reported our findings on acoustic tag retention rates for juveniles of two species of marine turtle: the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) and the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). We captured both species twice annually (spring and fall) from 2012 through 2017, as part of a capture–mark–recapture study at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. We assessed tag retention rates using physical recaptures of turtles previously outfitted with an acoustic tag. We deployed 72 acoustic tags on 60 juvenile greens and 37 acoustic tags on 29 hawksbills. We estimated the half-life for tags on greens to be 150 days (95% CI 117–188 days), whereas the half-life for tags on hawksbills was 1077 days (95% CI 870–2118 days), a marked difference. We observed that tag attachment holes, drilled into the posterior marginal scutes, migrated laterally towards the outer edge of the marginals in both species. Green turtles tended to exhibit tear-outs, as their attachment holes wore and/or tags grew near the edge of their scutes, whereas hawksbills tended to maintain the structure of these holes and did not exhibit these tear-outs. We conclude that hawksbills can be tagged with long-battery-life acoustic tags for long-term studies of habitat use and movement patterns, whereas greens are likely to shed their tags in the 1st year, making long-term studies difficult. This study is the first clear evidence that tagging protocols should vary between species of hard-shelled turtles. Furthermore, shed tags on the seafloor continue to be detected by acoustic receivers, creating a challenge in data filtering before analysis. We encourage future research into an efficient method for filtering these data points prior to analysis.
Treatment of Hypertension in Patients with Asthma.

Treatment of Hypertension in Patients with Asthma This article addresses the potential mechanistic links between hypertension and asthma as well as the influence of coexisting conditions. An approa...