cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rectourethral Fistula Secondary to Transurethral Resection of the Prostate.

An 82-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) presented to the hospital with suprapubic pain, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. The physical examination was remarkable for an indwelling Foley’s catheter. Diagnostic imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a rectourethral fistula (RUF). The most common presenting symptoms of RUF are pneumaturia, fecaluria, and urine leakage from the rectum, which may present similarly to diarrhea. He lacked the common features of RUF such as pneumaturia and fecaluria, which may be explained by a blockage of the catheter with fecal material. This case represents a rare outcome following a TURP, and it is significant due to the high morbidity associated with RUF. As such, clinicians must suspect a RUF in a post-TURP patient with diarrhea and no other obvious etiology due to the morbidity associated with RUF.
Growing Tiny Publics: Small Farmers' Social Movement Strategies

Drawing from fieldwork of 14 small food farms in the Midwest, we describe the on-the-ground, practical challenges of doing and communicating sustainability when local food production is not well-supported. We illustrate how farmers enact learned and honed tactics of sustainability at key sites such as farmers' markets and the Internet with consumers. These tactics reveal tensions with dominant discourse from government, Big Ag, and popular culture. The success of these tactics depends on farmers having fortitude--control, resilience, and the wherewithal to be exemplars of sustainability. In our discussion, we highlight how the local farmers' social movement work constitutes loosely organized small groups connecting others to an amorphous idea of a sustainable society--one that sustains an environmental, economic, local, cultural, and physical way of life. Using Fine's concept of tiny publics, we identify design opportunities for supporting this less directed kind of social movement.
American Exceptionalism: Quantitative and Qualitative

This chapter covers the organization of background materials of American Exceptionalism. It addresses the concepts of American Exceptionalism from the mathematical and statistical perspectives. Alexis de Tocqueville’s ideas are modeled and different works on the subject matter are organized and displayed through a categorical map. The chapter ends with a statistical examination using spectral analysis on how the branches of government are performing, based on recent Gallup poll survey data. The findings from the indices demonstrate exceptional performances. Part I of this chapter presents a qualitative model to organize categorical thoughts on politics, democracy, equality, morals, and psychology and institutions. Part II presents empirical analyses based on performance data of some institutions.
The risk of arterial thromboembolic events after cancer diagnosis

Background Retrospective studies have reported an association between cancer and arterial thromboembolic event (ATE) risk. Objectives We sought to confirm this in a prospective cohort with adjudicated outcomes. Methods We evaluated participants enrolled in the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study with Medicare coverage for 365 days before their baseline visit (2003-2007). Medicare claims were used to identify new cancer diagnoses during follow-up. Using incidence-density sampling, participants who developed cancer were matched by age, sex, race, and education 1:4 to control participants who had not developed cancer. Participants were prospectively followed through 2015 for an expert-adjudicated ATE, defined as acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the association between incident cancer and subsequent ATE. Results In this analysis, 836 REGARDS participants with incident cancer were matched to 3339 control participants without cancer. In the 30 days after cancer diagnosis, 0.60% (n = 5) of the participants had an ATE; most of these events occurred near the time of cancer diagnosis. After adjustment for demographics, geographic region, and cardiovascular risk factors, compared to the noncancer controls, participants with incident cancer had an increased risk of ATE in the first 30 days after diagnosis (hazard ratio, 5.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-15.9). There was no association between cancer diagnosis and ATE beyond 30 days. Cancers with known metastases and types considered high risk for venous thromboembolism had the strongest associations with ATE. Conclusions Incident cancer is associated with an increased short-term risk of ATE independent of vascular risk factors.
Dynamic regression with recurrent events

Recurrent events often arise in follow-up studies where a subject may experience multiple occurrences of the same event. Most regression models with recurrent events tacitly assume constant effects of covariates over time, which may not be realistic in practice. To address time-varying effects, we develop a dynamic regression model to target the mean frequency of recurrent events. We propose an estimation procedure which fully exploits observed data. Consistency and weak convergence of the proposed estimator are established. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method works well, and two real data analyses are presented for illustration.
Human Neutrophil Isolation and Degranulation Responses to Yersinia pestis Infection

Neutrophils are the primary immune cell recruited to the site of bacterial infection, where they can rapidly deploy vesicles filled with various pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial proteins. This degranulation process, combined with oxidative and nitrosative mechanisms, is a major part of the initial host response to kill microorganisms. Neutrophils are one of the main cell types that interact with Yersinia pestis during infection, which is often lethal in the absence of prompt antibiotic treatment. Intradermal inoculation of Y. pestis results in bubonic plague, and inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing Y. pestis results in pneumonic plague. Although neutrophils are recruited to the site of inoculation during both bubonic and pneumonic plague, the neutrophils fail to clear Y. pestis, and, during pneumonic plague, contribute to the development of severe pneumonia. Subverting neutrophil responses is critical to the development of fulminant disease, yet the mechanisms by which Y. pestis impairs neutrophils are poorly understood. Cell culture models are important tools for studying Y. pestis interactions with immune cells. We describe a cell culture model for the infection of human neutrophils with Y. pestis. Neutrophils are isolated from human peripheral blood at high purity and subsequently infected with Y. pestis. We specifically focus on the application of this in vitro infection assay to the analysis of neutrophil degranulation responses.
Fuel System Failure

TWA flight 800 still instills debate among conspiracy theorists about the cause of the accident. However, the engineering community generally accepts the cause released by the NTSB. This accident was the result of a center wing tank exploding shortly after takeoff. The wing tank was almost empty of liquid fuel, and therefore filled with fuel vapor. The tank had a significant thermal load increasing its ambient temperature from the operation of the nearby Air Management System. Finally, the investigators surmise that a chafed wire within the tank provided enough ignition energy to destroy the tank and the entire aircraft.
The Mutagenic Tetrasect

Perhaps the most fearsome attribute that pathogenic bacteria possess is their ability to change. More specifically, to undergo one of four main mutagenic mechanisms that, when occurring at a high enough frequency in a population of billions or more of cells, generates the rare variant that can become the next dominant clone. The acquisition of new virulence factors, the resistance to antibiotics, and the escape from vaccination, all derive from the powers of these mutagenic forces. In this chapter, the reader will be exposed to the underlying mechanisms of mutagenesis, the ways bacteria mix and match their genomes to generate pathogenic varieties, and other cellular processes that control virulence at genomic and post-genomic levels.
Analysis of Identification Method for Bacterial Species and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using Optical Data From DNA Oligomers.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is becoming a significant health threat, and rapid identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is essential to save lives and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. This paper analyzes the ability of machine learning algorithms to process data from a novel spectroscopic diagnostic device to identify antibiotic-resistant genes and bacterial species by comparison to available bacterial DNA sequences. Simulation results show that the algorithms attain from 92% accuracy (for genes) up to 99% accuracy (for species). This novel approach identifies genes and species by optically reading the percentage of A, C, G, T bases in thousands of short 10-base DNA oligomers instead of relying on conventional DNA sequencing in which the sequence of bases in long oligomers provides genetic information. The identification algorithms are robust in the presence of simulated random genetic mutations and simulated random experimental errors. Thus, these algorithms can be used to identify bacterial species, to reveal antibiotic resistance genes, and to perform other genomic analysis. Some machine learning algorithms evaluated here are shown to be better than others at accurate gene identification and avoidance of false negative identification of antibiotic resistance.
Refusing the Interrogation: Hip Hop's Challenge to Narratives of Terrorism

This paper explores the way in which hip hop artists Iraqi British Lowkey, Iraqi Canadian Narcy, and the Palestinian crew DAM deploy music to challenge narratives of terrorism that are constructed to achieve political objectives and consequently obfuscate geopolitical inequities. Central to these narratives is the figure of the terrorist who is often conflated with Arabs, Muslims, Middle Easterners, and those who express dissent against these narratives. All three artists use hip hop to deconstruct the narratives of terrorism in order to address the perspectives of marginalized groups and to problematize their use. Through their music, Lowkey, Narcy, and DAM contest definitions of terrorism that are differentially applied to certain communities and do not address the use of violence, specifically state violence, to achieve political objectives. These artists suggest an alternative framework where terrorism is not determined by a specific cultural, ethnic, national, or religious affiliation, the root causes of violence are considered, and the complex geopolitical landscape contextualized.
21 – Consumer Choice

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the concept of consumer choice. The consumer choice decision is made by comparing the costs and benefits that any individual action provides. In purchasing an item, for example, the good acquired provides benefits in terms of use, satisfaction, and utility. Because resources are finite, however, the decision to purchase one item requires that other goods be foregone. This opportunity cost should be compared with the benefits from any action. If benefits outweigh the opportunity costs, the choice is a good one. Economists describe the benefits that a particular good provides as being the utility derived from that good. Utility measures are used to measure relative preferences. However, the scale of the utility index is unimportant because most goods experience diminishing marginal utility as more is consumed. An individual's demand curve for an item is generally downward sloping to reflect the fact that opportunity costs are higher at higher prices, so utility is maximized at a lower quantity consumed.
Toward chemical accuracy in the description of ion-water interactions through many-body representations. Alkali-water dimer potential energy surfaces.

This study presents the extension of the MB-nrg (Many-Body energy) theoretical/computational framework of transferable potential energy functions (PEFs) for molecular simulations of alkali metal ion-water systems. The MB-nrg PEFs are built upon the many-body expansion of the total energy and include the explicit treatment of one-body, two-body, and three-body interactions, with all higher-order contributions described by classical induction. This study focuses on the MB-nrg two-body terms describing the full-dimensional potential energy surfaces of the M+(H2O) dimers, where M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The MB-nrg PEFs are derived entirely from “first principles” calculations carried out at the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster level including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)-F12b] for Li+ and Na+ and at the CCSD(T) level for K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The accuracy of the MB-nrg PEFs is systematically assessed through an extensive analysis of interaction energies, structures, and...
Enabling wastewater treatment process automation: leveraging innovations in real-time sensing, data analysis, and online controls

The primary mandate of wastewater treatment facilities is the limitation of pollutant discharges, however both continued tightening of permit limits and unique challenges associated with improving sustainability (i.e., resource recovery) demand innovation. Enabling increasingly sophisticated treatment processes in a cost-effective and energy-efficient way requires expanding capabilities for rapid, accurate real-time quantification of a broadened range of wastewater constituents as well as envisioning novel feedback control strategies based on these signals. This manuscript quantitatively compares results of early adoption of instrumentation and process upgrades at operating wastewater treatment facilities and proof-of-concept research results, with a focus on leveraging real-time sensing of wastewater chemistry for process monitoring and control. Up to 10% improvement in nutrient removal and energy savings are already being achieved, yet shortfalls in hardware readiness, lack of field-relevant context of research results, and a widening gap between the training of environmental engineers and the skillsets required to develop and maintain sensor-driven solutions present challenges. A forward-looking roadmap highlights opportunities for accelerating innovation, including (1) ensuring research results are published in units and context that allow operators to make an informed cost–benefit analysis with explicit comparison to existing operational baselines, (2) promoting integrated design of hardware and software to generate novel approaches for improved sensing of target analytes, (3) strengthening partnerships nationally, including for data sharing, field testing of new hardware, and expanding educational curricula, and (4) building forums for sharing of expertise and data among plant operators to enable smaller facilities to more cost-effectively collect information required to design and evaluate upgrades.
Geographic Variation in the Prevalence of High-Risk Medication Use Among Medicare Part D Beneficiaries by Hospital Referral Region.

BACKGROUND: Understanding geographic patterns of high-risk medication (HRM) prescribed and dispensed among older adults may help the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and their partners deve...
Thermodynamics of Near BPS Black Holes in AdS$_4$ and AdS$_7$

We develop the thermodynamics of black holes in AdS$_4$ and AdS$_7$ near their BPS limit. In each setting we study the two distinct deformations orthogonal to the BPS surface as well as their nontrivial interplay with each other and with BPS properties. Our results illuminate recent microscopic calculations of the BPS entropy. We show that these microscopic computations can be leveraged to also describe the near BPS regime, by generalizing the boundary conditions imposed on states.
Final state interaction in the pn and nn decay channels of $^4_\Lambda$He.

We study the effects of final state interactions in the non-mesonic weak decay $\Lambda N \rightarrow nN$ (n is a neutron and N is either a neutron or a proton) of the hypernucleus $_\Lambda^4$He. Using a three-body model the effects of distortion of the interaction of the emitted nucleon pair with the residual nucleus is considered. We also study the influence of the final state interaction between the emitted nucleons using the Migdal-Watson model. The effect of spin symmetries in the final state of the pair is also considered. Based on our calculations, we conclude that final state interactions play a minor role in the kinetic energy spectrum of the emitted nucleon pair.
Phagocytosis and self-destruction execute dendrite degeneration of Drosophila sensory neurons at distinct levels of NAD+ reduction

After injury, severed dendrites and axons expose the "eat-me" signal phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surface and degenerate by disassembly. While axon degeneration is controlled by a conserved "axon-death" pathway that is thought to activate self-destruction, how PS exposure is regulated by this pathway and whether PS-induced phagocytosis contributes to neurite breakdown in vivo remain unknown. Here we show that in Drosophila sensory dendrites, PS exposure and self-destruction are triggered by two distinct levels of NAD+ reduction downstream of Sarm activation. Surprisingly, phagocytosis is the main driver of dendrite degeneration induced by both genetic NAD+ disruptions and injury. Furthermore, the axon-death factor Axed is only partially required for self-destruction of injured dendrites, acting in parallel with PS-induced phagocytosis. Lastly, injured dendrites exhibit a unique rhythmic calcium flashing that correlates with self-destruction. Therefore, a special genetic program coordinates PS exposure and self-destruction in injury-induced dendrite degeneration in vivo.
Implementing technology enhanced real-time action observation therapy in persons with chronic stroke: A pilot study.

This pilot study examined a novel technology-enhanced real-time action observation therapy (TERTAOT) of symmetrical bilateral movements in survivors of chronic stroke regardless of their ability to...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in attention: Altering predictability of task difficulty

Rats were trained on a signal detection task in which a light (200 or 500 msec) appeared randomly over one of three levers. The rat was required to press the illuminated lever. There were two versions of the task: a light detection-random (LDR) and a light detection-block (LDB) task that differed only in the predictability of the difficulty level of the upcoming stimuli (LDR = unpredictable; LDB = predictable). Scopolamine infusions into the anterior cingulate and the prelimbic cortex significantly impaired choice accuracy in the LDR, but not in the LDB task. However, saline infusions into the prelimbic cortex also decreased choice accuracy, suggesting that the prelimbic cortex is particularly sensitive to disruption under conditions of high attentional demand. Overall, the results indicate that the prefrontal cortex is involved in mediating performance on tasks in which the difficulty level is unpredictable, thus requiring more focused attention throughout the task.
X-Ray microanalysis of phosphorus segregation in type 304L stainless steels

Etude de la segregation de phosphore dans l'acier inoxydable AISI304L a l'aide de la microscopie electronique analytique, de la microanalyse aux RX et de la spectrometrie Auger
Towards more comprehensive listening behavior: beyond the bobble head

Realizing effective listening behavior in virtual humans has become a key area of research, especially as research has sought to realize more complex social scenarios involving multiple participants and bystanders. A human listener's nonverbal behavior is conditioned by a variety of factors, from current speaker's behavior to the listener's role and desire to participate in the conversation and unfolding comprehension of the speaker. Similarly, we seek to create virtual humans able to provide feedback based on their participatory goals and their partial understanding of, and reaction to, the relevance of what the speaker is saying as the speaker speaks. Based on a survey of existing psychological literature as well as recent technological advances in recognition and partial understanding of natural language, we describe a model of how to integrate these factors into a virtual human that behaves consistently with these goals. We then discuss how the model is implemented into a virtual human architecture and present an evaluation of behaviors used in the model.
ZOOPS- O2: A broadband echosounder with coordinated stereo optical imaging for observing plankton in situ

Abstract Here we describe the configuration, calibration, and initial results from the combination of two recently developed underwater instruments that measure acoustic reflectivity and, simultaneously, the location, pose and size of millimeter-sized plankton relative to the sonar beam. The acoustic system, ZOOPS (ZOOPlankton Sonar), uses a broadband chirp signal that operates with a single monostatically configured transducer in the 1.5–2.5 MHz frequency range. We demonstrate that the system can record, with adequate signal-to-noise levels, identifiable reflections from single copepods with lengths as small as 360 μ m. To simultaneously identify taxa and measure orientation, a pair of “O-Cam” microscopes were stereoscopically calibrated and geometrically co-registered with the orientation and range-resolved acoustic transmissions of the sonar beam. The system’s capability is demonstrated via the in situ measurement of acoustic reflectivity as a function of orientation for 224 individual pelagic copepods comprising three orders of free-living taxa. Comparison with a well-known model, the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA), using a spheroidal formulation, yields both differences and similarities between the in situ field data and the model’s predictions.
Advances in implant dentistry.

Implant is becoming a mainstream practice in dentistry. Considerable advances have been made in this field with regard to applications, techniques, and materials used for dental implants. This communication is intended to provide general practitioners, educators, and dental students with an overview of recent advances in implant dentistry. It covers a review of the history of implant in dentistry, approaches used for ridge preservation, ridge augmentation, guided bone regeneration, methods used for treatment peri-implantitis, and advances in implant dentistry for edentulous patients. Below is a brief description of the topics covered in this issue: 1. Historical Perspective on Dental Implant Coatings and Surface Treatment. This manuscript provides a chronological history of dental implants, the physical, chemical, and biologic properties of dental implant coatings and mechanisms by which they augment the osseointegrative process. 2. Ridge Preservation for Implant Therapy: A Review of the Literature. The requirement to have implants mimic the natural tooth in both function and esthetics makes the use of ridge preservation an essential element in the treatment planning for implant therapy. This review covers the healing dynamics of the extraction socket, the use of bone grafting materials and barrier membranes, and the evidence based literature supporting ridge preservation techniques. 3. Mechanism of Guided Bone Regeneration: A Review. Crestal ridge bone resorption is an unavoidable consequence of tooth extraction, which often leads to a significant reduction in ridge dimensions. Guided bone regeneration is often required to provide adequate support for dental implant. Angiogenesis and ample blood supply plays a critical role in promoting bone regeneration. This article reviews techniques used to promote preservation of alveolar ridge dimensions. 4. Detoxification of Implant Surfaces Affected by Peri-Implant Disease: An Overview of Non-Surgical Methods. This article provides an overview of non-surgical approaches for detoxification of the surfaces of dental implant and treatment of peri-implant diseases. 5. The Evolution of Dental Materials for Hybrid Prosthesis. This manuscript is a review of the progress in dental implant technologies and materials used for the treatment of edentulism. The authors of this document are educators and practicing dentists; it is our hope that our colleagues and students find this document informative and useful.
Time Resolved X-Ray Scattering Study of the Ordering Kinetics in Thin Films of Cu3Au

A general understanding of the non-equilibrium ordering kinetics of first order phase transitions is an important goal in statistical physics and materials science. Many fundamental questions are unresolved,1–3 including the existence and precise nature of “universality classes” that describe growth laws, the role of the ordering degeneracy p, and the effect of impurities.4,5 Metallic alloys are convenient experimental systems for examining these phenomena. In this paper we report the preliminary results of time resolved x-ray scattering measurements of the kinetics associated with the order-disorder transition in thin films of Cu3Au.
The Experience of Oneness: Silence and Night as Components of the Void in J.M.G. Le Clézio and Michel Rio, with Correspondences in Music and Film

In the work of J. M. G. Le Clezio and Michel Rio, events, landscapes, environments and dispositions of characters and animals, often within a historical setting, are set in balance. Metaphors of time, silence and light converge and meanings emerge which resonate with inexplicable inner forces. References to themes of silence, night and nature have a direct relationship to the authors’ collaborative installation project, Night Garden, a multi-media project with components of film, sound and sculpture. In it, inseparable elements are hidden in the Void. This oneness creates a timelessness – a “center of stillness surrounded by silence”.1 This unity is described by Le Clezio:
Secondary Data Sources for Public Health: Medicare and Medicaid Data

Medicare and Medicaid are U.S. governmental health insurance programs administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), formerly known as the Health Care Financing Administration. Both programs were signed into law on July 30, 1965, by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people age 65 and older, people with certain disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and has two principal parts (not including the prescription drug element begun in 2006). Medicare Part A is hospital insurance, which most Americans automatically become eligible for on their sixty-fifth birthday. Coverage under Part A does not require the payment of premiums, although there are deductible and coinsurance payments. Medicare Part B is optional medical insurance, primarily for outpatient care and doctor's services, and requires payment of monthly premiums. However, 95 percent of those eligible for Part B choose to participate. Medicaid is a state-administered health insurance program, primarily for people who are low income and for those with disabilities, that is partially financed by the federal government. Eligibility and benefits for Medicaid differ by state. Most of the data sets discussed in this chapter contain primarily administrative data, most often evidence of medical claims paid by either the Medicaid or the Medicare system. Particularly in the case of Medicaid, therefore, researchers must be cautious about interpreting data in these files as representing the total health care needs or utilization of persons enrolled in either system because evidence of any care not paid for through the Medicaid or Medicare system would not be included in these data.
Ultrastructure of Thiothrix spp. and “Type 021N” Bacteria

The ultrastructural features of two groups of filamentous sulfur bacteria, Thiothrix spp. and an unnamed organism designated "type 021N," were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Negative staining of whole cells and filaments with uranyl acetate revealed the presence of tufts of fimbriae located at the ends of individual gonidia of Thiothrix sp. strain A1 and "type 021N" strain N7. Holdfast material present at the center of mature rosettes was observed in thin sections stained with ruthenium red. A clearly defined sheath enveloped the trichomes of two of three Thiothrix strains but was absent from "type 021N" filaments. The outer cell wall appeared more complex in "type 021N" strains than in Thiothrix isolates. Bulbs or clusters of irregularly shaped cells, often present in filaments of "type 021N" bacteria, appeared to result from crosswalls which formed at angles oblique to the filament axis. The multicellular nature of these sulfur bacteria was apparent in that only the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall were involved in the septation process. Sulfur inclusions which developed in the presence of sodium thiosulfate were enclosed by a single-layered envelope and located within invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane.
The interaction between the stock market and business sector investments and the economy

The growth recession that started in mid of 2000 lasted almost 3 years is a subject that got a lot of media attention but much lesser academic search interest. The fact that the stock market, inflated as it was prior to its prolonged collapse after March 2000, lost an equivalent of 30% of the USA GNP was frequently explained away with an assortment of explanations that really provided little true insight for such wealth loss. This was accompanied by a relatively modest unemployment of less than 6% (compared with previous recessions), robust real estate market, fairly resilient consumer spending, very accommodating monetary policy, tax cuts and deficit increasing fiscal policy, and yet a very weak Business sector investment spending. This study examines the interaction of the stock market and business investments. It shows that business investment reacts sooner than consumers to changes in the stock market. Gross Domestic Investments are found to be non-reactive at the first 5 months (with a small positive immediate response in the first 3 months), and rise (fall) after 6 more months or more of a strong (weak) stock market change which is sustained long enough to prompt new investments. There is faster response of business investments to a strong or weak stock market relative to consumers' response. This may indicate that businesses are more opportunistic than consumes, trying to capitalize on a strong stock market in raising capital and financing new capital outlays. In a break with previous thinking, the key to a business sector recovery seems to be more dependent on the strength of the stock market than previously acknowledged, as traditional thinking has focused on the relationship between business investments and consumer spending.
Peptide analysis of mouse embryonic globin chains.

Summary The peptide chain composition of y, z and β chains of mice hemoglobin has been investigated using tryptic hydrolysis of isolated chains. The results indicate that the y and z chains each differ from adult β chains in at least six peptides. By contrast, the structure of they and z chains are closely related.
Plant Recovery from Embryonic Axes of Deteriorated Peanut Seed for Germplasm Renewal

Abstract Embryo axes explants from deteriorated seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were incubated at a 16 hr photoperiod at 26 C on an MSB5 medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, and 8 g/L agar. Five to 8-wk-old plants regenerated from embryonic axes were transplanted to Jiffy pots in the greenhouse. Thirty-two samples of deteriorated seed between 2 and 32 yr old were evaluated. Significant differences in organogenesis were observed between different seed accessions. Shoots and roots were recovered from 74 and 36%, respectively, of embryonic axes explants. In the same experiment, seed producing plants were recovered from 14- to 31-yr-old deteriorated seed of E-2, PI 275704, Macrocarpa, G33, G34, G64, Strain No. 5, TMV 3, PI 290608, PI 295981, Sekelembwe, PI 298879, PI 337300, and PI 371850, by in vitro rescue of embryonic axes, while no plants were recovered from seed of 31 seed accessions germinated in the field. The in vitro rescue of embryonic axes can significantly increase the rec...
Why do kids eat healthful food? Perceived benefits of and barriers to healthful eating and physical activity among children and adolescents

Abstract The goal was to have children and adolescents identify and rank the major perceived benefits of and barriers to healthful eating and physical activity and to suggest strategies for overcoming barriers. Semistructured, in-depth focus groups were undertaken using standardized questions and prompts. Students in grades 2 through 11(ages 7 through 17; N=213) from 34 randomly selected schools participated in 38 focus groups. Major benefits of healthful eating included improvements to cognitive and physical performance, fitness, endurance, psychological benefits, physical sensation (feeling good physically), and production of energy. Barriers included convenience, taste, and social factors. Benefits of physical activity included social benefits, enhancement of psychological status, physical sensation, and sports performance. Barriers included a preference for indoor activities, lack of energy and motivation, time constraints, and social factors. Suggested strategies for overcoming barriers included support from parents and school staff, better planning, time management, self-motivation, education, restructuring the physical environment, and greater variety of physical activities. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:497-501.
Robust tower location for code division multiple access networks

Designing Code Division Multiple Access networks includes determining optimal locations of radio towers and assigning customer markets to the towers. In this paper, we describe a deterministic model for tower location and a stochastic model to optimize revenue given a set of constructed towers. We integrate these models in a stochastic integer programming problem with simple recourse that optimizes the location of towers under demand uncertainty. We develop algorithms using Benders' reformulation, and we provide computational results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Differences between Learning Disabled and Non-Learning Disabled Children in Temperament and Behavior

Thirty-five learning disabled third and sixth graders were compared with matched peers using teacher ratings of temperament, problem behavior, and observed classroom behavior. Initial correlations between three temperament factors—task orientation, personal-social flexibility, and reactivity—and other measures demonstrated moderate relationships with teacher ratings of behavior. Group differences were significant on the first temperament factor, task orientation, as well as teacher ratings of several problem behaviors, with each difference favoring the non-LD group. While the MANOVA for observed off-task behavior was not significant, one univariate test of passive off-task time suggested selective impairment for the LD group on this particular behavior.
Composition of the earth's upper mantle. I - Siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules

The considered investigation is concerned with a reexamination of the question of the distribution of siderophile elements in the earth's upper mantle, taking into account a more unified data base which is now available. A comprehensive suite of ultramafic inclusions was collected as part of the Basaltic Volcanism Study Project and has been analyzed by instrument neutron activation analysis for major, minor, and some lithophile trace elements. In addition, 18 of these rocks and the important sheared garnet lherzolite PHN 1611 have been analyzed by means of radiochemical neutron activation analysis for 7 siderophile elements (Au, Ge, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, and Re) and 9 volatile elements (Ag, Bi, Cd, In, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn). The siderophile element data reveal interesting inter-element correlations, which were not apparent from the compiled abundance tables of Ringwood and Kesson (1976) and Chou (1978).
Finite Bases for Flat Graph Algebras

Abstract In this article the classification of finite flat graph algebras which have finite equational bases is given in terms of omitted induced subgraphs. The result is related to an earlier result obtained for finite graph algebras by Baker, McNulty, and Werner.
Changes in the protein concentration of chicken seminal plasma after rapid freeze-thaw

Abstract Disc electrophoresis was used to study the protein content of seminal plasma of 12 male chickens. Comparisons were made between seminal plasma of undiluted or diluted nonfrozen and frozen semen. The effects of two cryopreservatives, glycerol and DMSO, on the proteins of seminal plasma were evaluated. The presence of 14 and 15 proteins was observed in seminal plasmas of nonfrozen and frozen semen, respectively. The additional protein appeared in all frozen samples and after incubation in the 16% DMSO diluent before freezing. In the absence of a cryopreservative fast freeze-thaw increased the quantity of 10 seminal plasma proteins (bands 3 to 11 and 15) and total protein of diluted, pooled semen. Glycerol levels as high as 8% did not affect protein concentration of seminal plasma before or after rapid freeze-thaw. DMSO levels of 8% and 16% caused chemical damage before freezing but reduced freeze-thaw damage of certain proteins. The damage decreased in relationship to DMSO level for a few proteins; however, total protein indicated a toxicity for DMSO with fast freeze-thaw. Disc electrophoresis permits quantitative examination of the proteins released from spermatozoa into their media as a result of freeze-thaw damage.
Legitimising negotiated justice: the International Criminal Court and flexible governance

How has the International Criminal Court's (ICC) assertive use of judicial power enhanced its legitimacy as a fair and impartial court? I argue that preserving and even enhancing the ICC's legitimacy depends in large part on its willingness to negotiate more, rather than less, with states regarding its jurisdiction and requests for cooperation. In doing so, I address the challenges posed to the ICC's credibility and assess this factor of the ICC's legitimacy in terms of the complex relationship between (proactive) complementarity and cooperation. One of my principal aims is to show how a flexible approach, or what I call negotiated justice, can bring together proactive complementarity and cooperation. I conceive negotiated justice in terms of the constructive trade-offs involved in meeting one another's demands and the need to reduce the tensions between realpolitik and the cosmopolitan ideals embedded in the Rome Statute.
Biodegradable nanocomposite magnetite stent for implant-assisted magnetic drug targeting

Abstract This study shows, for the first time, the fabrication of a biodegradable polymer nanocomposite magnetic stent and the feasibility of its use in implant-assisted-magnetic drug targeting (IA-MDT). The nanocomposite magnetic stent was made from PLGA, a biodegradable copolymer, and iron oxide nanopowder via melt mixing and extrusion into fibers. Degradation and dynamic mechanical thermal analyses showed that the addition of the iron oxide nanopowder increased the polymer’s glass transition temperature (Tg) and its modulus but had no notable effect on its degradation rate in PBS buffer solution. IA-MDT in vitro experiments were carried out with the nanocomposite magnetic fiber molded into a stent coil. These stent prototypes were used in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field of 0.3 T to capture 100 nm magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs) from an aqueous solution. Increasing the amount of magnetite in the stent nanocomposite (0, 10 and 40 w/w%) resulted in an increase in the MDCP capture efficiency (CE). Reducing the MDCP concentrations (0.75 and 1.5 mg/mL) in the flowing fluid and increasing the fluid velocities (20 and 40 mL/min) both resulted in decrease in the MDCP CE. These results show that the particle capture performance of PLGA-based, magnetic nanocomposite stents are similar to those exhibited by a variety of different non-polymeric magnetic stent materials studied previously.
Inhibition of steroid C-21 hydroxylase by ascorbate: Alterations of microsomal lipids in beef adrenal cortex

Abstract The steroid C-21 hydroxylase system of beef adrenal cortex microsomes is inhibited by low concentrations of ascorbic acid with concomitant production of a thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reacting chromogen. Antioxidants such as cobalt, manganese, epinephrine or tocopherol prevent production of this chromogen and decrease the effect of ascorbic acid on hydroxylase activity. The production of the TBA-reacting material is associated with a diminution of arachidonic acid in microsomal phospholipid.
Neuropsychological, psychosocial, and quality-of-life outcomes in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

Abstract This review addresses selected aspects of the functional morbidities observed at school-age and older in children with congenital heart disease. Although intelligence is not severely impaired, these patients are at increased risk of impairments in speech and language (including pragmatic skills), visual–spatial skills, executive functions, attention, and motor skills. Most patients achieve good psychosocial outcomes, although, by parent and teacher ratings, a substantial percentage is at increased risk. There might be sex differences and age-related changes in risk. Patients tend to rate their own behavior as similar to that of controls. Some data suggest that these patients have deficits in social cognition, specifically "theory of mind" skills. In terms of adaptive functioning, some children with congenital heart disease experience difficulties in activities of daily living, including maintaining adequate academic progress. Parents and others tend to rate the patients' quality-of-life less favorably than that of control populations, although the patients themselves often do not. A relatively neglected topic is the impact of a child with congenital heart disease on the well-being of parents and the family.
Luft's disease. Further biochemical and ultrastructural studies of skeletal muscle in the second case.

Abstract In the second known case of non-thyroidal hypermetabolism (Luft's disease), there were large areas of mitochondrial aggregates in all fibers. Many mitochondria were abnormally large and contained packed cristae. In isolated mitochondrial fractions, studies of oxidative phosphorylation showed defective respiratory control and normal phosphorylation capacity (“loose coupling”). Spectra and content of cytochromes were normal. Basal ATPase activity was seven times greater than normal and poorly stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The rate of energy-dependent calcium uptake by isolated mitochondria was normal, but the amount of calcium accumulated was much decreased. Calcium could not be retained and was spontaneously released into the medium within 30 seconds. “Recycling” of calcium between mitochondria and cytosol may take place in vivo and result in sustained stimulation of respiration and loose coupling.
Education and Unification of Dental Auxiliaries

Dental assistants, hygienists, and technicians must be consolidated in one group of auxiliary personnel, and not fragmented by the creation of new categories. In the future, their educations should include the same background in dentistry, with the option of training in some specialty later. Titles for auxiliary personnel should reflect their education in dentistry and their specialization in the same way that the titles for dentists and physicians reflect the field of study and specialization. The role of the dental assistant should be flexible so that she can seek her own career level.
Income diversification and risk: Does ownership matter? An empirical examination of Indian banks

Abstract We examine the impact of ownership on income diversification and risk for Indian banks over the period 2001–2009. We investigate both the determinants of non-interest income and the impact of diversification on various profitability and insolvency risk measures for public sector, private domestic, and foreign banks. We document that ownership does matter in the pursuit of non-interest income. Relative to private domestic banks, public sector banks earn significantly less fee-income, while foreign banks report higher fee income. Public sector banks with higher levels of governmental ownership are significantly less likely to pursue non-interest income sources. Fee-based income significantly reduces risk, measured by profitability variables, for public sector banks. Default risk is also reduced for these banks. From a regulatory perspective, it appears that diversification benefits India’s public sector banks. Our research has implications for the changes in the risk profile for banks in emerging banking markets pursuing non-interest revenue sources.
Pneumococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharides induce the expression of interleukin-8 in airway epithelial cells by way of nuclear factor-κB, nuclear factor interleukin-6, or activation protein-1 dependent mechanisms

Cell envelope compounds of bacteria trigger immune and inflammatory reactions by way of chemokines/cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that pneumococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharides (PGPS) induced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 by way of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, nuclear factor interleukin (NF-IL)6, and activation protein (AP)-1 dependent mechanisms in the human bronchial epithelial cells (NL-20) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro, and the mutation of either the NF-κB, NF-IL6, or AP-1 binding sites in the promoter of IL-8 abrogated the IL-8 transcriptional activity. In a similar way, lipopolysaccharides induced the promoter activation of IL-8 in NL-20. However, the PGPS-induced IL-8 promoter activation in rodent middle ear epithelial cells required NF-κB and NF-IL6 but not AP-1.
“Keep Your Government Hands Off My Medicare!”: An Analysis of Media Effects on Tea Party Health Care Politics

This article analyzes the political effects of American media coverage on Tea Party health care politics. It suggests that the American media's inability to critique the neoliberal assumptions that lay at the foundation of Tea Party ideology have served—however inadvertently—to excite ideological confusion in American health care debates, especially those surrounding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Specifically, this article shows that media failure to make sense of the ideological and statistical basis of Tea Party opposition to the ACA, as well as a general unwillingness to mediate disagreement, have barred mainstream media from helping Americans see that the ACA is largely consistent with neoliberal orthodoxy, and certainly far from “socialist.” As a result, the media has served to legitimate rather than critique positions that stand at the center of Tea Party ideology.