cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical induction of apomictic seed formation in maize

Silks of 18 maize (Zea may L.) F1 hybrids were treated with different combinations of 9 growth regulators, colchicine, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for the purpose to induce apomixis (agamospermy) in 1988 and 1989. Hybrid K301 × K303 gave the highest (0.36%) average frequency of seed induction among the hybrids. The most effective treatments were DMSO, gibberellic acid plus 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA), and DMSO plus methanesulfonic acid. Individually, the highest frequency of seed induction was 1.4% for hybrid K731×K306 when treated with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)-zeatin mixture. The frequency of seed induction seemed to depend partially on the interaction between chemicals and hybrids. Cytological observation of root-tip cells indicated that the majority of the seeds obtained were diploid, some were mixoploid, and a few were haploid. Diploid plants from induced seeds from the same parent were morphologically uniform and resembled the parent. Variations in plant and ear heights were comparable to those of the hybrid parent. Cytological and morphological investigations suggested that the chemically induced seeds originated mainly from somatic tissue but occasionally came from reduced cells in the embryo sac, leading to haploids. The results showed that chemical induction of adventitious embryony in maize hybrids is possible, but the more effective chemicals, their concentrations, and ways of application for increasing the frequency of seed induction need to be explored for practical use.
Early 20th-century uplift of the northern Peninsular ranges province of southern California

Repeated leveling in the northern Peninsular Ranges province identifies an early 20thcentury episode of crustal upwarping in southern California. The episodic vertical movement is broadly bracketed between 1897 and 1934, and the main deformation is bracketed within 1906–1914 and involved regional up-to-the-northeast tilting of the Santa Ana block of as much as 4 · 10−6 rad and elevation changes exceeding 0.4 m in the Perris block and parts of the San Jacinto block, Transverse Ranges, and the Mohave block. Primary tide station records containing occasional entries since 1853 at San Pedro and San Diego show no evidence of episodic crustal movement, suggesting that the uplifted area hinged along coastal fault zones forming the west boundary of the Santa Ana block. Physiographic features and recent studies of Quaternary marine terraces by others show that this episode of regional tilting and uplift is a part of the continuing tectonic process in southern California. A crude, questionable coincidence exists between the uplift episode and a period of increased seismicity (1890–1923) in the northern Peninsular Ranges characterized by a number of moderate-size (M > 6) earthquakes on NW-trending strike-slip faults. However, releveling data are too sparse to associate the uplift development clearly with any one event.
Impact and Clinical Management of Depression in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

The rates of major adverse coronary events, including recurrent ischemic events and death, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been shown to be significantly increased in patients with depression. In addition, health care costs are higher and health-related quality of life is lower in depressed patients with CAD. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed for the association of increased events seen in this population. Studies have focused on antidepressants (specifically, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and mirtazapine), psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy), and a wide range of other nonpharmacologic interventions. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are known to improve depressive symptoms in patients with CAD, but their effects on outcomes such as mortality and hospital admissions remain controversial. If treatment of depression is warranted, strategies should include sertraline or citalopram, with or without cognitive behavioral therapy, based on the known efficacy and safety of the drugs in this population. Nonpharmacologic therapy such as aerobic exercise has been shown to improve not only depression but also cardiovascular health. When selecting an appropriate antidepressant, clinicians should consider their patients' comorbid conditions and the potential for drug interactions, and treatment should be frequently monitored. Screening for depression in patients with cardiac disease should be instituted on a routine basis by using either case-finding or symptom-triggered approaches. Based on the high prevalence of depression and its known adverse effects in patients with CAD, future research is needed to help determine the role of antidepressants and nonpharmacologic strategies in improving outcomes in patients with both comorbidities.
A fast O(1) solution for eliminating the low-frequency breakdown problem of fullwave solvers

In this work, a fast full-wave finite-element based solution is developed to eliminate the low frequency breakdown problem in a reduced system of order one. It is applicable to general 3-D problems involving ideal as well as nonideal conductors immersed in inhomogeneous, lossless, lossy, and dispersive materials. The proposed method retains the theoretical rigor of the full-wave solution recently developed in [1–2] for solving the low-frequency breakdown problem, while speeding up the low-frequency computation with its O(1) solution.
Immortalization of Spinal Cord Motor Neurons by Fusion of Primary Neurons with Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

Abstract The study of motor neurons is a technically difficult area in neurobiology because of limitations in isolation and culture. Among the many approaches used for isolating and culturing primary motor neurons, few have produced enough cells for biochemical and molecular studies. To overcome this problem, we have used somatic cell hybridization methods to generate hybrid neural cells that have traits typical of motor neurons. Isolated embryonic mouse spinal cord motor neurons were fused to an aminopterin-sensitive and neomycin-resistant mouse neuroblastoma cell line to produce several hybrid neuron cell lines. Those cell lines expressing high levels of choline acetyltransferase activity were selected and cloned. The hybrid nature of the cloned cells was confirmed by analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase allozymes and karyotyping. Availability of these embryonic clonal hybrid cells will make possible molecular, physiologic, and biochemical studies to define the biological properties of spinal motor neurons.
Management of early and advanced colorectal cancer: therapeutic issues.

Purpose. The staging of colorectal cancer, therapeutic decision making in the management of early and advanced colorectal cancer, and dilemmas posed by drug-related toxicity are discussed. Summary. Staging of colorectal cancer occurs after surgery and is based on the extent of disease invasiveness and dissemination. Surgery is the primary treatment for stage I disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended after resection in selected high-risk patients with stage II disease and in all patients with stage III disease. Convenience of administration, tolerability, and patient factors not necessarily age may be considerations in decisions about adjuvant therapy after resection. Treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer is based on the type of prior therapy and patient-specific factors. Recently, significant improvements in survival have been achieved through the use of combination chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody regimens. Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy is first-line therapy for stage IV disease. Age alone should not preclude the use of chemotherapy in stage IV colorectal cancer, although the ability to tolerate drug-related toxicity may be a consideration. The optimal duration of chemotherapy in patients with early and metastatic colorectal cancer is unclear. Conclusion. The optimal approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer depends on several considerations, including patient-specific factors.
Understanding the use of the insanity defense

Psychologists often are called upon to give their opinion about a legal concept, the insanity plea. Criminal cases that involve the insanity plea consistently receive the attention of the media and of legislators who contemplate restricting the use of the defense, yet there is little nationwide information on the use and possible abuse of the insanity defense. This paper reviews what little is known and suggests that in order to make psychologically and socially responsible decisions, more information is needed on the use and success of the plea.
Identification of Clinically Significant Tumor Antigens by Selecting Phage Antibody Library on Tumor Cells in Situ Using Laser Capture Microdissection

Much work has been done to develop tumor-targeting antibodies by selecting a phage antibody library on cancer cell lines. However, when tumor cells are removed from their natural environment, they may undergo genetic and epigenetic changes yielding different surface antigens than those seen in actual cases of cancer. We developed a strategy that allows selection of phage antibodies against tumor cells in situ on both fresh frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues using laser capture microdissection. By restricting antibody selection to binders of internalizing epitopes, we generated a panel of phage antibodies that target clinically represented prostate cancer antigens. We identified ALCAM/MEMD/CD166, a newly discovered prostate cancer marker, as the target for one of the selected antibodies, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. We further conjugated two single chain Fv fragments to liposomes and demonstrated that these nanotargeting devices were efficiently delivered to the interior of prostate cancer cells. The ability to deliver payload intracellularly and to recognize tumor cells in situ makes these antibodies attractive candidates for the development of targeted cancer therapeutics.
Relief and emergency communication network based on an autonomous decentralized UAV clustering network

The recent years have witnessed an increase in the natural disasters in which the destruction of the essential communication infrastructure has significantly affected the number of casualties. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina in the United States resulted in over 1,900 deaths, 3 million land-line phones disconnections, and more than 2,000 cell sites going out of service. This incident highlighted an urgent need for a quick-deployment efficient communication network for relief purposes. In this paper, we propose a fully autonomous system to deploy Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as the first phase disaster recovery communication network for wide-area relief. An automation algorithm has been developed to control the deployment and positioning of UAVs based on a traditional cell network structure utilizing 7-cell clusters in a hexagonal pattern using MAVLink. The distributed execution of the algorithm is based on a centralized management of UAV cells through assigning higher ranked UAVs referred to as supernodes. The algorithm autonomously elects supernodes based on weighted variables and dynamically handles any changes in total number of UAVs in the system. This system represents a novel approach for handling a large-scale autonomous deployment of a UAV communications network. The proposed autonomous communication network was verified and validated using software simulation and physical demonstration using identical quadrotor UAVs.
Interlaced spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) have become essential clinical diagnostic tools in ophthalmology by allowing for video-rate noninvasive en face and depth-resolved visualization of retinal structure. Current generation multimodal imaging systems that combine both SLO and OCT as a means of image tracking remain complex in their hardware implementations. Here, we combine a spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SECSLO) with an ophthalmic SDOCT system. This novel implementation of an interlaced SECSLO-SDOCT system allows for video-rate SLO fundus images to be acquired alternately with high-resolution SDOCT B-scans as a means of image aiming, guidance, and registration as well as motion tracking. The system shares the illumination source, detection system, and scanning optics between both SLO and OCT as a method of providing a simple multimodal ophthalmic imaging system that can readily be implemented as a table-top or hand-held device.
Metabolism of Tryptophans by Pseudomonas aureofaciens: VI. Production of Pyrrolnitrin by Selected Pseudomonas Species

Twenty-nine strains of Pseudomonas, classified as P. fluorescens biotype D or E or as P. multivorans, were examined for the production of pyrrolnitrin, an antifungal agent synthesized in P. aureofaciens. Eight strains were shown to produce pyrrolnitrin in shake-flask fermentation. Four cultures were from the multivorans taxon, and the remaining four were members of the fluorescens group. The antifungal agent produced in these strains was isolated and shown to be pyrrolnitrin by comparison with an authentic sample. The strains differed markedly with respect to the amount of pyrrolnitrin produced and in their utilization of exogenous tryptophan. Secondary metabolites, not related to pyrrolnitrin, were also examined and compared with those synthesized in P. aureofaciens. Marked differences were noted in both phenazine pigments and phenolic metabolites. The results of the study suggest that the production of pyrrolnitrin may be widespread in selected taxonomic groups of Pseudomonas. Images
Transmural recording of monophasic action potentials.

To investigate the possibility of transmural recording of repolarization through the ventricular wall, KCl monophasic action potential (MAP) electrodes positioned along plunge needles were develope...
Psychosocial stress during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a meta-analytic review.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between psychosocial stress in pregnancy and negative perinatal outcomes and to identify key moderators of this relationship. To evaluate this relationship, a meta-analytic review was conducted of studies that prospectively assessed the relationship between psychosocial stress in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. A total of 35 studies, written or published between 1991 and 2009, involving 31,323 women were located. The overall association between psychosocial stress and negative perinatal outcomes was significant, but negligibly small in size (r (35) = −0.04, CI = −0.08, −0.01). Examining specific perinatal outcomes, only the associations with neonatal weight (r (14) = −0.07, CI = −0.03, −0.01) and risk for low birth weight (r (5) = 0.07, CI = 0.03, 0.10) were statistically significant, but again, very small. Results support that psychosocial stress explains a negligible to very small amount of the variability in perinatal outcomes. Future resea...
Review of demand-side data needs for least-cost utility planning

Abstract Least-cost utility planning is a new way for utilities and state regulatory commissions to assess consistently a variety of demand and supply resources that cost-effectively meet customer energy-service needs. This new planning paradigm 1. (a) explicitly includes conservation and load-management programs as energy and capacity resources; 2. (b) includes consideration of environmental and social factors, as well as of direct economic costs; 3. (c) involves public participation; and 4. (d) includes careful analysis of the uncertainties and risks posed by different resource portfolios and by external factors. The relative paucity of data on demand-side resources, particularly when compared to the information available on supply resources, poses a significant barrier to integrating these options into utility resource plans. In this study, we briefly compare the data and assumptions available on supply resources with those available on demand-side resources. We then discuss the types of data that are needed to assess existing patterns and trends in electricity use (baseline data), the costs and performance of demand-side technologies, and the effects of demand-side programs. Our analysis suggests that evaluation of program effects is the area with the greatest need for additional attention.
Strength of Selenium Glass in the Transformation Range

Flexural strength was measured on high-purity selenium glass over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. This glass exhibited wide variations in strength and other properties as temperature and strain rate varied. The strength of glassy Se increased significantly with temperature over 2 temperature ranges, and the highest strength occurred at temperatures just below the glass transition region. The flexural strength also increased with strain rate at all temperatures investigated. Substantial evidence of crack blunting was found in tests at 25°C.
Offset and angle-domain common image-point gathers for shot-profile migration

Prestack depth migration of shot profiles by downward continuation is a practical imaging algorithm that is especially cost-effective for sparse-shot wide-azimuth geometries. The interpretation of offset as the displacement between the downward-propagating (shot) wavefield and upward-propagating (receiver) wavefield enables us to extract offset-domain common image-point (CIP) gathers during shot-profile migration. The offset-domain gathers can then be transformed to the angle domain with a radial-trace mapping originally introduced for shot-geophone migration. The computational implications of this procedure include both the additional cost of multioffset imaging and an implicit transformation from shot-geophone to midpoint-offset coordinates. Although this algorithm provides a mechanism for imaging angle-dependent reflectivity via shot-profile migration, for sparse-shot geometries the fundamental problem of shot-aliasing may severely impact the quality of CIP gathers.
Balance laws and a dissipation inequality for general constituents undergoing disarrangements and mixing

Multiphase structured deformations provide a multiscale geometrical setting suitable for distinguishing among (1) separate constituents - N bodies that occupy mutually disjoint regions in space at all times and that submacroscopically may form voids or undergo slips, (2) intermingling constituents - N bodies, each of which splits into small non-overlapping cells that may be in contact with cells of the same or of different constitutents, and (3) mixing constituents - N bodies that interpentrate by occupying overlapping regions in space. Earlier research based on multiphase structured deformations has established balance laws and a dissipation inequality for each constituent within the mixture when that constituent is an elastic body. The balance laws and dissipation inequality were obtained via a limiting argument from corresponding relations for intermingling constitutents whose motions approximate those of the mixing constituents. Here, such limiting arguments are shown to provide balance laws and a dissipation inequality for a much broader class of constituents.
Long-term persistence of a culturally transmitted vocalization of the black-capped chickadee

Abstract The gargle vocalization of the black-capped chickadee, Parus atricapillus, was recorded at the same site over a 19-year period. This vocalization consists of an array of different note types that are combined to generate various call types. Each male has a large repertoire used in agonistic encounters, and many variants are shared with other members of the population. The vocalization was analysed at several different levels: note types and various lengths of note-type sequences including the whole call. Remarkable stability was shown for all levels, and the main changes observed were minor ones of relative frequency of occurrence. Reasons for stability may include persistence of note types in linkage groups that could be trasmitted as units (memes) and other rules governing ordering of note types in the call (syntax). Also, natural selection may impose some constraints on the process of cultural transmission. We compare our findings with those of the few available long-term studies of bird song. Chickadee gargles are transmitted very precisely compared to other vocalizations that have been previously studied.
Don't trust anyone over 30: Parental legitimacy as a mediator between parenting style and changes in delinquent behavior over time

Both law and society scholars and developmental psychologists have focused on the legitimacy of authority figures, although in different domains (police versus parents). The purpose of the current research is to bridge these two fields by examining the relations among parenting style (i.e., authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), the perception of parental legitimacy, and changes in delinquency over time. It is hypothesized that parental legitimacy mediates the relation between parenting style and future delinquent behavior. Middle school and high school students completed questionnaires three times over a period of 18 months. Parenting style and delinquent behavior were measured at time 1, parental legitimacy at time 2, and delinquency again at time 3. The results show that authoritative parenting was positively related to parental legitimacy, while authoritarian parenting was negatively associated with parental legitimacy. Furthermore, parental legitimacy was negatively associated with future delinquency. Structural equation modeling indicated that parental legitimacy mediated the relation between parenting styles and changes in delinquency over the 18-month time period. The implications for parenting style and parental legitimacy affecting delinquent behavior are discussed.
Living Arrangements and Conditions of Older People in Zimbabwe

This research uses data from the 1994-1995 Zimbabwe Aging Survey complemented by the 1999 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey to examine living arrangements and conditions of older people in Zimbabwe. Living arrangements in Zimbabwe are similar to those found in other sub-Saharan African countries. Older people are likely to be living with other kin and in a variety of arrangements involving family members. To determine gender preference for co-resident with children and other kin, we adjust living arrangement patterns for sex, dominant proportion of living children and marital status. Data show that older people with living adult children are more likely to co-reside with kin. However, older people with a dominant proportion of married children are significantly (p<0.01) less likely to co-reside with married children. Furthermore, households headed by older women are significantly (p<0.001) less likely to co-reside with kin.
Sector Rotation and Monetary Conditions

We investigate the efficacy of a sector rotation strategy that utilizes an easily observable signal based on monetary conditions. Using 33 years of data, we find that the rotation strategy earns consistent and economically significant excess returns while requiring only infrequent rebalancing. The strategy places greater emphasis on cyclical stocks during periods of Fed easing, and overweights defensive stocks during periods of Fed tightening. Interestingly, the benefits from the rotation strategy accrue predominantly during periods of poor equity market performance, which is when performance enhancement is most valued by investors. Specifically, during restrictive monetary periods, returns to the strategy are nearly twice that of comparable investments, yet the strategy assumes less risk. Overall, our results suggest that investors should consider monetary conditions when determining their portfolio allocations
Hysteresis contributions in carbon black-filled rubbers containing conventional and tin end-modified polymers

Abstract A methodology was developed to estimate individual hysteresis contributions arising from the carbon black network, polymer free chain ends and effective polymer network chains. The estimation technique was applied to rubber compounds formulated with linear polymers of varied number-average molecular weight (Mn) from each of three different series. The three series corresponded to polymers modified with either zero, one or two tin ends per chain. In general, the relative hysteresis contributions depend on strain amplitude and Mn. For unmodified polymers at strain amplitudes from 0.02 to 0.07, and with Mn in the neighborhood of 150 kg/mole, each of the three hysteresis sources contributes about one-third of the total tan δ. With respect to shear loss modulus (G″), the carbon black network contributes about 60%, while free chain ends and the effective polymer network chains each contribute about 20%. At the same Mn and strain conditions, tin end-modified polymers reduce G″ and tan δ by as much as 60...
Semantics and Syntax

The linguistic description and simulation of semantic and syntactic structures suggested by different theoretical accounts are discussed. We consider thereby established programs including natural/conceptual semantics, cognitive grammar, generative syntax, dependency grammar, and connectionist accounts. It is argued that the distinction between semantic and conceptual representations is a useful approach for empirical research on meanings. In the attempt to simulate sentence processing, neural network models have a certain degree of predictive power. Reverse engineering programs, which built virtual brain libraries, might be a very useful mean to improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms.
Incorporating priors for medical image segmentation using a genetic algorithm

Medical image segmentation is typically performed manually by a physician to delineate gross tumor volumes for treatment planning and diagnosis. Manual segmentation is performed by medical experts using prior knowledge of organ shapes and locations but is prone to reader subjectivity and inconsistency. Automating the process is challenging due to poor tissue contrast and ill-defined organ/tissue boundaries in medical images. This paper presents a genetic algorithm for combining representations of learned information such as known shapes, regional properties and relative position of objects into a single framework to perform automated three-dimensional segmentation. The algorithm has been tested for prostate segmentation on pelvic computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.
Behavioral aspects of urinary tract infection.

Behavioral factors conducive to the development of urinary tract infections are sexual activity the use of a diaphragm and failure to void after coitus. Women who have had intercourse within the preceding 48 hours are 60 times more likely to acquire a urinary tract infection than women who have not. A case-control study of 199 women in Seattle showed that 57% of the 114 women with a urinary tract infection used a diaphragm. The relative risk for urinary tract infection in diaphragm users was therefore 2.04. Diaphragm users also had a higher rate of aerobic gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli in their vaginal cultures and a higher pH in their vaginal fluid. A retrospective study of 200 diaphragm users and 200 oral contraceptive users showed that diaphragm users had 3 times as many urinary tract infections (26.6/1000) as oral contraceptive users (8.9/1000). Diaphragms are conducive to urinary tract infections because they encourage replacement of protective organisms by uropathogenic ones they can cause urethral obstruction and they act as a foreign body introducing pathogens at time of insertion. Diaphragm users are also 1 1/2 times likelier than nonusers to fail in therapy for urinary tract infections.
Methoprene and Sex Pheromone as Control Agents for the Almond Moth (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) on Peanuts Stored in the Shell

The insect growth regulator methoprene and the sex pheromone (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-l-ol acetate were tested separately and in combination for the control of Ephestia cautella (Walker) on stored-in-the-shell peanuts. In the first year of the 2-year test, treatment of peanuts with 10 ppm methoprene caused a 93% reduction in insect emergence and a reduction of 43% in insect damage. The second year, the reductions were ca. 98 and 55%, respectively. Both tests were conducted with heavily infested peanuts. The sex pheromone treatment alone or in combination with methoprene was ineffective in E. cautella control except at the 4-ppm insect growth regulator concentration.
Effect of carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbons on corticosterone and ascorbic acid content of adrenal glands in rats.

SummaryA single feeding of either DMBA and 3MC caused significant lowering of adrenal corticosterone concentration in the adrenal glands of the rats so treated. The fact that DMBA produced massive ...
Carbon and nitrogen utilization by Rhizopus oligosporus.

The utilization of various carbon and nitrogen compounds by Rhizopus oligosporus Saito NRRL 2710 was investigated. The principal components of the soluble carbohydrates of soybeans, i.e., stachyose...
DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPROCK AND ITS EFFECT FOR FORMATION OF OIL OR GAS POOLS

Based on studying the geological conditions in-fulencing the formation and development of caprocks.this paper divided the development of caprock into two types of the caprock that owns big thickness and continues dis-tribtuion and the caprock that owns small thickness and interbedded uncontinues distribution according to formation environment. Analysis of theory and actual examples incicates that the caprock owns big thickness and continues distribution has stronger capillary sealing ability than the caprock that owns small thickness and interbedded uncontinues distribution. The caprock that owns big thickness and continues distribution has pressure sealing ability. But the caprock that owns small thickness and interbedded uncontinues distribution dosen't has pressure sealing ability. The caprock that owns big thickness and continues distribution has restraining concentration sealing ability,but the caprock that owns small thickness and interbedded uncontinuous distribution has replacing concentration sealing ability. The caprock that owns big thickness and continuous distribution plays the more important role in formation of oil or gas pools than the caprock that owns small thickness and interbedded uncontinuous distribution.
Ileal Conduit Undiversi0N: Experience with Tunneled Vesical Implantation of Tapered Conduit

AbstractReconstruction of the urinary tract after ileal conduit diversion was done in 9 patients by anti-refluxing vesical implantation of the tapered conduit. Of the patients 5 required prior operative rehabilitation of the lower tracts, while 4 had urodynamically normal lower tracts. Reoperation for post-undiversion reflux was necessary in 2 patients; reimplantation was satisfactory in 1 but ileocecocystoplasty was required in the other. Followup showed stable or improved upper tracts and renal function in the remaining patients.
Understanding the Experience of Situated Mindfulness Through a Mobile App That Prompts Self-reflection and Directs Non-reactivity

This paper explores how mobile technology may be able to activate and support mindfulness states while users are situated in everyday life. Interviews with users on the use of a mobile app that was designed to prompt self-reflection and direct non-reactivity, suggest that activating situated mindfulness, may lead to differences in the kind of self-reflection individuals engage in. In addition, a situated approach may alter the way in which we engage in being non-judgmental and non-reactive, bringing the focus to the contents of mental events rather than the process. This paper concludes with implications for the design of mobile technology seeking to prompt and support mindfulness states while situated in everyday life.
Seed Treatment Applications

An historical background on electrical treatment to improve seed germination and seedling performance is presented. Studies on the use of radio-frequency (RF) dielectric heating for increasing germination through reduction of hard seed percentages, that is, increasing seed-coat permeability to water, are reviewed. Extensive studies on the treatment of alfalfa seed with RF exposures for increasing germination through hard seed reduction and examination of seeds to explain effects of treatment are summarized. The influence of frequency, electric-field intensity, seed moisture content, seed temperature, varietal variation and other factors is discussed, and aspects of practical application in the seed industry are considered. Experiments with RF treatment of seeds of sweetclover, other small-seeded legumes, vegetables, pine, and other woody plant and tree seeds are summarized.
Cirrhotic Patients Have Worse Bowel Preparation at Screening Colonoscopy than Chronic Liver Disease Patients without Cirrhosis.

Background Cirrhosis has been shown in small studies to be a predictor of suboptimal bowel preparation at screening colonoscopy. It has yet to be established whether patients with chronic liver disease in the absence of cirrhosis experience equally poor colon cleansing. Intestinal dysmotility related to cirrhosis might impair bowel preparation in this population more than those with chronic liver disease without cirrhosis. Objective This study compared the quality of bowel preparation in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients with chronic liver disease and determined whether this influenced polyp detection rate. Methods A retrospective study of patients with chronic liver disease, both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic, who underwent screening colonoscopy was performed. Patient characteristics, concomitant medication use, adequacy of bowel preparation, and the total number and types of polyps found were compared between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups. Results 330 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria; 36% (n = 120) were cirrhotic. Cirrhotic patients had significantly worse bowel preparation scores compared with non-cirrhotics (mean 3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.003). Worse bowel preparation scores in cirrhotics vs. non-cirrhotics persisted despite controlling for age, sex, and concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM) (P = 0.0027). Among the cirrhotics, 48% had the lowest preparation scores compared with 30% of non-cirrhotics. No difference in polyp detection rate was found between cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics. Severity of cirrhosis as assessed by the MELD score did not predict worse bowel preparation. Conclusions Cirrhotics have significantly worse bowel preparation scores compared to non-cirrhotics with chronic liver disease. No correlation between MELD score and bowel preparation score was observed in the cirrhotic cohort.
La dynamique moléculaire appliquée à l'étude des couches d'hydratation de l'électron hydraté et des ions Li+ et Cl-

Les couches d’hydratation des ions Li + et Cl - et de l’electron hydrate ont ete etudiees en utilisant la dynamique moleculaire conjointement avec la methode d’integration fonctionnelle de Feynman. Les resultats des simulations montrent que les fluctuations quantiques de l’electron dans l’eau produisent principalement des fluctuations dans la direction radiale de la cavite ou l’electron est localise. Par ailleurs, on a trouve que l’orientation des molecules d’eau dans le champ electrique de l’electron est aussi importante que celle trouvee pour l’ion Cl - .
Photodegradation of Flame-, Water-, Weather-, and Mildew-Resistant Cotton Tentage Fabrics:

Cotton drill was laboratory-finished with 24 combinations of the constituents commercially used in protective treatments for multi-component flame-, water-, weather-, and mildew-resistant (FWWMR) c...
Modeling and analysis of energy harvesting nodes in wireless sensor networks

A Markov based unified model for energy harvesting nodes in wireless sensor networks is proposed. Using the presented model, the probability of event loss due to energy run out as well as an analytical vulnerability metric, namely average time to energy run-out, are derived. The results provide insight into the performance of energy harvesting nodes in wireless sensor networks as well as design requirements for such nodes. The proposed vulnerability metric can be used in the various harvesting aware techniques at different protocol layers.
Risk factors for recurrence and contralateral inguinal hernia after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia

Abstract Background The use of laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) for pediatric inguinal hernia has recently been increasing. Recurrence and contralateral metachronous inguinal hernia (CMIH) are important problems for LPEC. This study analyzed the risk factors for recurrence and CMIH. Methods This study included 1530 patients. The mean follow-up period was 48 months. Of 1530 patients, 847 were boys and 683 were girls. The mean age at operation was 3.9 years. The asymptomatic contralateral internal ring was routinely observed during the operation, and when a patent processus vaginalis (PPV) was confirmed, prophylactic surgery was performed. Results Recurrence was seen in 0.48% of patients (8/1653 sides), all of whom were male (P = 0.01: male versus female). On multivariate analysis, age less than 1 year was the only risk factor for recurrence in male patients (hazard ratio: 4.54, 95% CI: 1.07–19.25, P = 0.04). CMIH was seen in 0.22% of the patients (3/1382), again only in male patients (P = 0.12: male versus female). As a result of intraoperative observation, 44.6% of patients were confirmed to have an asymptomatic contralateral PPV and underwent prophylactic LPEC. Female, age 1 year or older, right side, and surgeon's experience were identified as factors associated with asymptomatic contralateral PPV. Conclusions To prevent recurrence, surgeons need to be careful when operating on young male patients. Whereas no specific factor could be identified as a risk factor for CMIH, some factors associated with asymptomatic PPV were identified. Further study and discussion will be needed to identify correlations between CMIH and these factors for PPV. Level of evidence Level III.
7. Cummings’ Sonnet Entitled how to Run the World)

(1972). 7. Cummings’ Sonnet Entitled how to Run the World) The Explicator: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 14-16.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Human Airway Cilia Identifies Previously Uncharacterized Proteins of High Abundance

Cilia are essential to many diverse cellular processes. Although many major axonemal components have been identified and studied, how they interact to form a functional axoneme is not completely understood. To further our understanding of the protein composition of human airway cilia, we performed a semiquantitative analysis of ciliary axonemes using label-free LC/MSE, which identified over 400 proteins with high confidence. Tubulins were the most abundant proteins identified, with evidence of 20 different isoforms obtained. Twelve different isoforms of axonemal dynein heavy chain were also identified. Absolute quantification of the nontubulin components demonstrated a greater than 75-fold range of protein abundance (RSPH9;1850 fmol vs CCDC103;24 fmol), adding another level of complexity to axonemal structure. Of the identified proteins, ∼70% are known axonemal proteins. In addition, many previously uncharacterized proteins were identified. Unexpectedly, several of these, including ERICH3, C1orf87, and CC...
Using Extreme Cases to Understand Organizations

Drawing on the insights of organizational studies and sociology, this chapter examines the study and use of “extreme” or atypical cases. These include single case studies, comparative cases, and cases aggregated from prior research. Because of the features of the sites studied, extreme cases can reveal more about a phenomenon than so-called average or typical cases (Flyvberg, 2006). Extreme cases also aid reflexive reflection of how we study organizations and phenomena. In other words, extreme cases can encourage reflexivity (i.e., Bourdieu & Wacquant, 1992; Kleinman, 1996) by revealing normative assumptions about appropriate sites of study and methods. I first address objections commonly raised about qualitative research methodologies, including extreme cases. Misconceptions include concerns about generalizability and representativeness; researchers not only must underscore the strengths of qualitative research, but also explain “what is this a case of?” Then, using examples from journal articles and monographs, I show how extreme cases excel at shedding insight into various organizational phenomena, including issues common to all organizations. Finally, I discuss how when conducting such studies researchers must consider how to negotiate access and undertake analysis, as well as how to effectively present findings and claims.
DEPRESSION AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE AMONG MIDDLE AGED AND OLDER U.S. ADULTS

AbstractThe growth of social media (SM) use is evident in the middle age and older adults, and its association with mental well-being remains unclear. This study used data from the third wave of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States to examine SM use and its association with depression to answer whether the presence of past year depressive episode can be predicted from SM contact. This study surveyed 3,294 adults ages 35 and above about their frequency of SM use to contact friends or family and depression. SM use was assessed by self-reported time with eight responses, ranging from 1= “several times a day” to 8= “never or hardly ever.” Depression was assessed using self-report of past 12 months’ depressive episode. Logistic regressions were performed. The weighted sample was 54.9% female and 89.5% White. Accounting for baseline depression and other important potential confounders, this study did not demonstrate that frequency of social media use to contact friends and family predict depressive episodes, as opposed to other studies done on a young adult cohort. Results were robust to all sensitivity analyses. SM use is not associated with increased depression. Given the proliferation of SM, further studies should look at the possibility of social media use in offering middle age and older adults a medium to connect and engage, develop a sense of community and possibly offset the risk of depression and isolation.
The Rise of the Market: Individuation and Integration in Antebellum America

This chapter offers an account of the contemporaneous rise of individualism and an integrated market economy in antebellum America. Drawing upon social, economic, cultural, and political history, it sketches a pattern of individuation at work in American society during the first half of the nineteenth century. The era was marked by an individualistic spirit manifest in nearly every aspect of life, from dress and religion to voluntary associations and economic practices. By the dawn of the Civil War, the so-called market revolution had accelerated the transformation of America into a nation of striving individuals, with individualism fueling the expansion of the market, and market practices training persons to act as individuals.
Forensic Sampling and Analysis from a Single Substrate: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Followed by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Sample preparation is the most common bottleneck in the analysis and processing of forensic evidence. Time-consuming steps in many forensic tests involve complex separations, such as liquid and gas chromatography or various types of extraction techniques, typically coupled with mass spectrometry (e.g., LC-MS). Ambient ionization ameliorates these slow steps by reducing or even eliminating sample preparation. While some ambient ionization techniques have been adopted by the forensic community, there is significant resistance to discarding chromatography as most forensic analyses require both an identification and a confirmation technique. Here, we describe the use of a paper substrate, the surface of which has been inkjet printed with silver nanoparticles, for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The same substrate can also act as the paper substrate for paper spray mass spectrometry. The coupling of SERS and paper spray ionization creates a quick, forensically feasible combination.
Evaluating the Viability of Using Compression to Mitigate Silent Corruption of Read-Mostly Application Data

Aggregating millions of hardware components to construct an exascale computing platform will pose significant resilience challenges. In addition to slowdowns associated with detected errors, silent errors are likely to further degrade application performance. Moreover, silent data corruption (SDC) has the potential to undermine the integrity of the results produced by important scientific applications.In this paper, we propose an application-independent mechanism to efficiently detect and correct SDC in read-mostly memory, where SDC may be most likely to occur. We use memory protection mechanisms to maintain compressed backups of application memory. We detect SDC by identifying changes in memory contents that occur without explicit write operations. We demonstrate that, for several applications, our approach can potentially protect a significant fraction of application memory pages from SDC with modest overheads. Moreover, our proposed technique can be straightforwardly combined with many other approaches to provide a significant bulwark against SDC.
Rethinking The Old Ball and Chain: A Progressive Examination of Wendy Torrance's Character in Stephen King's THE SHINING

In The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction, Steven Bruhm deemed The Shining's Wendy Torrance as “little more than a pair of walking talking breasts” (265). Bruhm is not alone in his assessment. I...
Partial Discharges Pattern Classification in High Voltage Circuit Breakers

Partial discharge (PD) measurement is among the most important diagnostics methods of insulation systems in high voltage equipment, which makes it convenient to assess the insulation status. Partial discharge activities may stem from various defects, and correspondingly behave differently. Here, the PD patterns produced by 3 different laboratory models representing defects in High Voltage Circuit Breakers are recorded and analyzed. The research aimed at conducting PD tests with three apparatus including prefabricated defects. From the PD pattern data, statistical features were extracted and these features were reduced by linear discriminant Analysis (LDA). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to train the fuzzy inference system (FIS).The trained FIS was then used to recognize the source of the PDs. Results show thatANFIS classification has a high success rate and highest average success rate at 110kV reaches 95.83%.
Comment on “Estimating or Choosing a Geostatistical Model” by Oliver Dubrule

Oliver Dubrule has presented an insightful and articulate view of the uncertainty quantification issues facing geostatisticians. These comments are intended to provide additional discussion.
Recovery of Basophils and Mast Cells from Degranulation

Abundant morphologic evidence now exists that neither anaphylactic degranulation (AND) nor piecemeal degranulation (PMD) results in the death of basophils or mast cells (A. M. Dvorak, 1988a,b, 1989a,b; Galli et al., 1984, 1990). Rather, and like secretory cells in general, basophils and mast cells survive these release events. In AND, a completely degranulated cell has diminished numbers of entire granules, i.e., both the contents and the containers, whereas in PMD, a completely degranulated cell has released the contents of the granules and retained the containers. Recovery (after AND) of containers and contents or (after PMD) of contents, then, may be necessary if these viable cells are to renew their secretory functions.