cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Instruments to Evaluate Self-Management of Radiation Dermatitis in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Problem identification Radiation dermatitis (RD) is an expected side effect of radiation to the breast and chest wall. Healthcare providers routinely grade the severity of RD without assessing its impact on quality of life for patients with breast cancer. Instruments are needed to identify a patient's ability and confidence to self-manage RD. Literature search A search was conducted of published literature from 2001 to 2018 that included patients who had received radiation therapy for breast cancer. A validated instrument was used to assess RD. Data evaluation Eleven instruments were identified and evaluated for assessing self-management. Synthesis One instrument was identified that measured a patient's ability to self-manage symptoms. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Conditions-Manage Symptoms should be considered for clinical integration. Implications for practice Using a validated instrument to assess patients' needs and ability to self-manage RD will promote personalized care plans tailored to each patient. Findings can be used to implement a patient-reported outcome measure into clinical practice, develop educational programs for RD management, and create personalized care plans.
Extremum seeking for optimal control problems with unknown time‐varying systems and unknown objective functions

Summary We consider the problem of optimal feedback control of an unknown, noisy, time‐varying, dynamic system that is initialized repeatedly. Examples include a robotic manipulator which must perf...
A dual antibody against EGFR and VEGF as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment

2401 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play important roles in tumor growth and progression. The EGFR and VEGF pathways are closely related and share common down stream signaling pathways. Thus, targeting both EGFR and VEGF offers the potential for improving efficacy over and above targeting any of the single pathways. DMS3008 (a fully human dual targeting IgG) was constructed to directly target both EGFR and VEGF by inserting high affinity domain antibodies (dAbs) to EGFR (VL) and VEGF (VH) into an IgG1 framework. We have evaluated DMS3008 in head and neck and lung cancer cell lines in vitro as presented in this meeting (Zhang et al., AACR 2008 abstract in submission). In this in vivo study, we further evaluate this dual targeting IgG in murine xenograft models using the lung cancer cell line A549 (low EGFR expression) and the head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) cell line Tu686 (high EGFR expression). This dual targeting IgG was also compared with cetuximab (an antibody against EGFR) and bevacizumab (an antibody against VEGF). Mice carrying A549 or Tu686 tumors (injected with 5x106 cells in each mouse) were treated with a control IgG, bevacizumab (B), cetuximab (C), bevacizumab plus cetuximab (B+C) and DMS3008 at 200 µg/mouse for each agent (i.p., three times per week for 4 weeks). Mice bearing A549 tumors exhibited significant inhibition of tumor growth when dosed with DMS3008, B, and B+C as compared with the control (p = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.01 respectively). However, the treatment with C did not show significant inhibition of tumor growth as compared with the control (p = 0.28). Therefore, DMS3008 had better efficacy than C (p = 0.03), but was not significantly different when compared with B and B+C. Furthermore, treatment with these agents illustrated significant delay of reaching a tumor volume 1300 mm3 (p = 0.015 by Wilcoxon analysis). Xenograft mice bearing Tu686 tumors displayed significant tumor growth inhibition when given all of the four treatments as compared with the control (p
A Social Media Study on the Associations of Flavored Electronic Cigarettes With Health Symptoms: Observational Study.

Background: In recent years, flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular among teenagers and young adults. Discussions about e-cigarettes and e-cigarette use (vaping) experiences are prevalent online, making social media an ideal resource for understanding the health risks associated with e-cigarette flavors from the users’ perspective. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between electronic cigarette liquid (e-liquid) flavors and the reporting of health symptoms using social media data. Methods: A dataset consisting of 2.8 million e-cigarette–related posts was collected using keyword filtering from Reddit, a social media platform, from January 2013 to April 2019. Temporal analysis for nine major health symptom categories was used to understand the trend of public concerns related to e-cigarettes. Sentiment analysis was conducted to obtain the proportions of positive and negative sentiment scores for all reported health symptom categories. Topic modeling was applied to reveal the topics related to e-cigarettes and health symptoms. Furthermore, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to quantitatively measure potential associations between e-liquid flavors and the reporting of health symptoms. Results: Temporal analysis showed that the Respiratory category was consistently the most discussed health symptom category among all categories related to e-cigarettes on Reddit, followed by the Throat category. Sentiment analysis showed higher proportions of positive sentiment scores for all reported health symptom categories, except for the Cancer category. Topic modeling conducted on all health-related posts showed that 17 of the top 100 topics were flavor related. GEE models showed different associations between the reporting of health symptoms and e-liquid flavor categories, for example, lower association of the Beverage flavors with Respiratory compared with other flavors and higher association of the Fruit flavors with Cardiovascular than other flavors. Conclusions: This study identified different potential associations between e-liquid flavors and the reporting of health symptoms using social media data. The results of this study provide valuable information for further investigation of the health effects associated with different e-liquid flavors.
Longitudinal study of prosthesis use in veterans with upper limb amputation.

Background:Little is known about the patterns of prosthesis use and satisfaction of those who cease use or begin to use upper limb prostheses.Objectives:Among a longitudinal sample of Veterans with...
Porosity Effects on the Ordering and Stability of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Nanoporous Gold

We investigated the stability, ordering, and composition of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on nanoporous gold surfaces formed by dealloying silver–gold leaf. We characterized surface featur...
Single-cell mapping of focused ultrasound-transfected brain.

Gene delivery via focused ultrasound (FUS) mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening is a disruptive therapeutic modality. Unlocking its full potential will require an understanding of how FUS parameters (e.g., peak-negative pressure (PNP)) affect transfected cell populations. Following plasmid (mRuby) delivery across the BBB with 1 MHz FUS, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to ascertain that distributions of transfected cell types were highly dependent on PNP. Cells of the BBB (i.e., endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes) were enriched at 0.2 MPa PNP, while transfection of cells distal to the BBB (i.e., neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) was augmented at 0.4 MPa PNP. PNP-dependent differential gene expression was observed for multiple cell types. Cell stress genes were upregulated proportional to PNP, independent of cell type. Our results underscore how FUS may be tuned to bias transfection toward specific brain cell types in vivo and predict how those cells will respond to transfection.
Contemporary advances in medical imaging

Abstract Contemporary advances in imaging technology have revolutionized the field of cardiovascular disease with improved detection of disease states coupled with innovative therapeutic interventions. As a result, clinicians have a plethora of diagnostic tools including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), and nuclear imaging. Echocardiography is widely available and provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac anatomy, function, and hemodynamics. Complementary to echocardiography, CMR provides accurate cardiac volumes, function, and noninvasive hemodynamic assessment of valvular disease and flows. Innovations in cardiac CT have provided the ability to noninvasively image the coronary arteries, as well as cardiac structures that are useful in preprocedural planning for cardiac surgery or transcatheter heart interventions. Nuclear imaging has previously been the mainstay of ischemia assessment in coronary artery disease using exercise or vasodilator testing. Advances in CT-fractional flow reserve, CMR with scar imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) with coronary flow reserve provide an ability to detect ischemia while extracting vital prognostic data for each patient. Recent advances in technetium-99m pyrophosphate, PET, and CMR have improved the ability to noninvasively detect cardiomyopathies such as cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, and inflammatory or infiltrative diseases. Nevertheless, each imaging modality is complementary to each other and often a multimodality patient-specific approach is needed. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence within a clinical workflow allows for a safer, time and cost-effective approach to clinical practice and management.
Impact of Integrated Thoracic Residency on General Surgery Residents' Thoracic Operative Volume.

Abstract Background Integrated thoracic surgery (I-6) programs have become popular over traditional general surgery (GS) pathways since their inception in 2007. However the effect of I-6 programs on GS resident training remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of I-6 programs on the thoracic operative experience of co-located GS residents. Methods Thoracic surgery cases recorded by residents in GS programs co-located with I-6 programs until 2019 were analyzed. Cases were reviewed 5 years before (TSR-5) through 5 years after (TSR-5) the matriculation of the first thoracic resident in the co-located I-6 program. To contextualize the overall trends in the field Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education GS resident case logs from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed and total thoracic surgery cases recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with linear regression. Results Residents in 19 GS programs with co-located I-6 programs showed an increase in total thoracic cases from 3710 to 4451 (Δ/year of +85.05 cases a year; P = .03) balanced by an increase in GS residents from 107 to 126 (Δ/year of +1.45; P = .01) with no significant overall change in the median thoracic operative case volume (31.00 at both thoracic residency before and after 5 years). Nationally from 1990 to 2018 there was no change in the total thoracic operative experience for GS graduates. Conclusions The introduction of I-6 programs did not negatively impact thoracic operative experience for residents in co-located GS programs. Adequate training of both I-6 and GS residents at the same institution is feasible.
LINflow: a computational pipeline that combines an alignment-free with an alignment-based method to accelerate generation of similarity matrices for prokaryotic genomes

Background Computing genomic similarity between strains is a prerequisite for genome-based prokaryotic classification and identification. Genomic similarity was first computed as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values based on the alignment of genomic fragments. Since this is computationally expensive, faster and computationally cheaper alignment-free methods have been developed to estimate ANI. However, these methods do not reach the level of accuracy of alignment-based methods. Methods Here we introduce LINflow, a computational pipeline that infers pairwise genomic similarity in a set of genomes. LINflow takes advantage of the speed of the alignment-free sourmash tool to identify the genome in a dataset that is most similar to a query genome and the precision of the alignment-based pyani software to precisely compute ANI between the query genome and the most similar genome identified by sourmash. This is repeated for each new genome that is added to a dataset. The sequentially computed ANI values are stored as Life Identification Numbers (LINs), which are then used to infer all other pairwise ANI values in the set. We tested LINflow on four sets, 484 genomes in total, and compared the needed time and the generated similarity matrices with other tools. Results LINflow is up to 150 times faster than pyani and pairwise ANI values generated by LINflow are highly correlated with those computed by pyani. However, because LINflow infers most pairwise ANI values instead of computing them directly, ANI values occasionally depart from the ANI values computed by pyani. In conclusion, LINflow is a fast and memory-efficient pipeline to infer similarity among a large set of prokaryotic genomes. Its ability to quickly add new genome sequences to an already computed similarity matrix makes LINflow particularly useful for projects when new genome sequences need to be regularly added to an existing dataset.
Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management

The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well-poised for the next generation of closed-loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on-tooth tattoos, skin-mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real-time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self-regulating closed-loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
Simple pair-potentials and pseudo-potentials for warm-dense matter applications

We present computationally simple parameter-free pair potentials useful for solids, liquids, and plasmas at arbitrary temperatures. They successfully treat warm-dense matter (WDM) systems like carbon or silicon with complex tetrahedral or other structural bonding features. Density functional theory asserts that only one-body electron densities and one-body ion densities are needed for a complete description of electron–ion systems. Density functional theory (DFT) is used here to reduce both the electron many-body problem and the ion many-body problem to an exact one-body problem, namely, that of the neutral pseudoatom (NPA). We compare the Stillinger–Weber (SW) class of multi-center potentials, the embedded-atom approaches, and N-atom DFT, with the one-atom DFT approach of the NPA to show that many-ion effects are systematically included in this one-center method via one-body exchange-correlation functionals. This computationally highly efficient one-center DFT-NPA approach is contrasted with the usual N-center DFT calculations that are coupled with molecular dynamics simulations to equilibrate the ion distribution. Comparisons are given with the pair-potential parts of the SW, “glue” models, and the corresponding NPA pair-potentials to elucidate how the NPA potentials capture many-center effects using single-center one-body densities.
Community Storytelling Network, Expressive Digital Media Use, and Civic Engagement:

Grounded in Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT), this study tests the moderating roles of expressive digital media use through the Internet, social, and mobile media between community storyte...
Encephalitis Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Unfamiliar Spin-Off

Checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) have become mainstream in standard therapy in various tumors, especially in malignant melanoma. Despite their widespread beneficial effects, these inhibitors are also notorious for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation. We report a case of a 33-year-old male having a history of metastatic melanoma on immunotherapy (status post two cycles of ipilimumab/nivolumab) admitted for persistent fever and elevated liver enzymes. Additional work showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia which meet the diagnostic criteria of histiocyte society HLH-2004. The patient was effectively treated with oral prednisone. Moreover, further complications encompassed slurred speech, word-finding difficulties, ataxia, and lower extremity hyperreflexia concerning for autoimmune encephalitis. He was treated with high-dose IV methylprednisolone (1 gram/day for 3 days) with improvement in symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis associated with HLH can be fatal - high-dose IV methylprednisolone should be considered, but this avenue still needs to be explored.
Energy-Efficient Photonic Spiking Neural Network on a monolithic silicon CMOS photonic platform

We designed, simulated, and taped-out a photonic spiking neural network on a monolithic silicon CMOS photonic platform. Benchmarking shows proposed PSNN outperforms other neuromorphic hardware with 21.09fJ/spike and 61.4 μW average power at MNIST experiment.
Stochastic Number Generators with Minimum Probability Conversion Circuits

A stochastic number generator (SNG) is used to convert binary radix encoded numbers to bit-streams in stochastic computing. An SNG consists of two components: a random number source (RNS) and a probability conversion circuit (PCC). While both the hardware area overhead and hardware cost for arithmetic operations are significantly less in stochastic computing than in binary computing, the area overhead and cost for an SNG is substantial. In this paper, we propose two minimum PCC (MPCC) designs, with minimum logic in terms of 2-input gates, that reduce the hardware cost of an SNG. The proposed MPCCs generate bit-streams with very low correlation when used with two SNGs that share one RNS. Compared to prior work, the proposed MPCCs can reduce the hardware cost for a 12-bit SNG up to 67%.
MECHANISM OF RECOVERY FROM VIRAL INFECTION.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanism of recovery from viral infection. The two stages of viral infection are— namely, (1) resistance (either low or high) to the establishment of infection, and (2) recovery from an established infection. The chapter considers evidence that relates various immune and non-immune host reactions to resistance and recovery. The appearance of neutralizing antibody, induced by infection or noninfectious antigens, is correlated in time with resistance. In order for antibody to prevent establishment of infection at a particular site of implantation of virus, antibody must be present at that site in sufficient concentration. In contrast to the role of antibody in resistance to establishment of infection, analysis of factors responsible for recovery from an already established infection does not always implicate antibody as a necessary factor. The discovery of interferon provided a rational basis for considering the resistance of interference as a manifestation of the recovery process because it provided a mechanism whereby a viral inhibitory effect could be generated by the relatively few cells, which are infected early in the course of viral disease. The chapter explains the role of interferon in naturally occurring infections.
Stress and teachers of the learning disabled, behavior disordered, and educable mentally retarded

This study investigated which factors related to the professional roles of teachers of the learning disabled (LD), behavior disordered (BD), and educable mentally retarded (EMR) are most stressful, and which activities, both personal and professional, are beneficial in guarding against stress. The Special Teacher Response to Environmental Stressors (STRESS) was used to elicit responses from the 135 teachers who participated in the study. The participants rated as highly stressful legal concerns, lack of administrative and peer support, and lack of support services. In particular, teachers of the BD revealed that they were fearful of verbal and physical attacks from their students. The participants rated highly exercise and outdoor programs, confiding in significant others (i.e., wife or husband), and peer support as helpful in guarding against stress.
George Eliot and the British Empire: Imperial knowledge: George Eliot, G. H. Lewes, and the literature of empire

… and yet, how little do we still know of Africa. George Eliot Like many of her contemporaries, George Eliot looked to the empire for solutions to poverty and unemployment in England. In January 1851, she moved from Coventry to London, and between 1851 and 1854 she edited the Westminster Review for its publisher, John Chapman. On December 20, 1851, her brother-in-law Edward Clarke died, leaving her sister Chrissey with six children and a considerable debt. Although Eliot had emigrated to London rather than to a colony to escape the “moral asphyxia” of the Midlands, she thought Australia was just the place for her widowed sister and six orphaned children. Chapman had traveled to Australia before becoming a publisher and he was at the time engaged in preparing Sophia Tilley, the sister of his mistress, Elisabeth Tilley, to emigrate to Australia ( GEL , 2:93). Writing to her friends Charles and Cara Bray in Coventry, Eliot asked: “What do you think of my going to Australia with Chrissey and all her family?” According to this plan, Chrissey was to relocate permanently because she seemed to have so few alternatives in England; it may have been the one way to keep the family together. Eliot did not intend to stay, merely “to settle them and then come back” ( GEL , 2:97). Chrissey's emigration would give her a chance to travel, see the world, and return home, perhaps to write for an English audience about what she had seen in Australia.
Large stroke electrostatic actuated PDMS-on-silicon micro-pump

We introduce a large stroke electrostatic micro-pump made with a thin PDMS diaphragm embedded with thin-film metal electrodes and bonded over a smoothly shaped Si substrate that acts as the counter electrode. The thin PDMS layer creates a highly compliant diaphragm. The spline-shaped substrate height significantly reduces electrostatic actuation voltage, and is refined in its smoothness by a modification to conventional grayscale lithography for Si MEMS. Combining the effects of the compliant diaphragm and the “zipper” electrode gap, a diaphragm displacement of 100 µm is achieved, giving a displacement volume of 1 µL/stroke and a pumping rate of 60 µL/min at 1 Hz.
TSC1 involvement in bladder cancer: diverse effects and therapeutic implications

TSC1 is often mutated in bladder cancer. However the importance of this event in disease pathogenesis and its implications for therapy are uncertain. We used genomic sequencing to examine the involvement of TSC1 in bladder cancer, and signalling pathway analysis and small-molecule screening to identify targeted therapeutic strategies in TSC1 mutant bladder cancer cell lines. TSC1 loss of heterozygosity was seen in 54% of bladder cancers. Two (4.9%) of these 41 bladder cancers had TSC1 mutations by exon-based sequencing. Analysis of 27 bladder cancer cell lines demonstrated inactivating TSC1 mutations in three: RT-4, HCV29, 97-1. Interestingly, only RT-4 showed classic feedback inhibition of AKT, and was highly sensitive to treatment with mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and Torin1. 97-1 cells showed constitutive EGFR activation, and were highly sensitive to combined treatment with the mTOR inhibitor Torin1 and EGFR inhibitors Lapatinib or Afatinib. A BRAF missense mutation G469V was found in HCV29 cells, and AKT activation was dependent on BRAF, but independent of ERK. A kinase inhibitor screen of HCV29 cells showed strong growth inhibition by the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922, and we then found synergistic inhibitory effects of NVP-AUY922 combined with either Torin1 or rapamycin on cell survival for both HCV29 and 97-1 cells. In aggregate, these findings indicate that there are highly variable mutation profiles and signalling pathway activation in TSC1-mutant bladder cancer. Furthermore, combined Hsp90/mTOR inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for TSC1 mutant bladder cancer.
Measuring Consistency Costs for Distributed Shared Data

Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) systems typically support one consistency protocol [3,5,6]. However, recent work [1,11,12,14,17] proposes the use of adaptive consistency based on a heuristical analysis of recent access patterns. Although heuristic-based approaches can significantly improve runtime, the access pattern alone does not necessarily define the most appropriate consistency protocol. The size of updates and other factors related to the computing environment, such as heavily loaded links, heavily loaded nodes, bursty traffic patterns, and network latency all affect performance. Multiple access patterns within the application also make it difficult to select the most appropriate consistency protocol. This paper presents a measurement-based approach to the problem of selecting the most appropriate consistency protocol for the current application in the current runtime environment. We show that measurement-based analysis provides an accurate estimate of performance and therefore can be used to select the most appropriate consistency protocol, even in cases where hueristic-based approaches fail to select the appropriate protocol.
Industrial applications of corrosion-resistant tantalum, niobium, and their alloys

(During the period 1960-1982, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys have become increasingly important in industrial applications where superior corrosion resistance is required. These materials are particularly attractive when selected on the basis of ''life cycle costing''. This takes into account initial cost, levels of product quality, length of trouble-free operation, and any increase in productivity due to reduced downtime and lower maintenance requirements.) The chemical process industry, in particular, has taken advantage of these materials for processing mineral acids at temperatures and concentrations higher than can be withstood by any other materials. Advances in electron-beam melting technology have also made it possible to manufacture larger and cleaner ingots, resulting in the availability to industry of larger sheets, tubes, and plates with improved property reliability.
Natural Flow Regimes of the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands Region

Natural flow regimes represent the hydrologic conditions to which native aquatic organisms are best adapted. We completed a regional river classification and quantitative descriptions of each natural flow regime for the Ozark–Ouachita Interior Highlands region of Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. On the basis of daily flow records from 64 reference streams, seven natural flow regimes were identified with mixture model cluster analysis: Groundwater Stable, Groundwater, Groundwater Flashy, Perennial Runoff, Runoff Flashy, Intermittent Runoff and Intermittent Flashy. Sets of flow metrics were selected that best quantified nine ecologically important components of these natural flow regimes. An uncertainty analysis was performed to avoid selecting metrics strongly affected by measurement uncertainty that can result from short periods of record. Measurement uncertainties (bias, precision and accuracy) were assessed for 170 commonly used flow metrics. The ranges of variability expected for select flow metrics under natural conditions were quantified for each flow regime to provide a reference for future assessments of hydrologic alteration. A random forest model was used to predict the natural flow regimes of all stream segments in the study area based on climate and catchment characteristics, and a map was produced. The geographic distribution of flow regimes suggested distinct ecohydrological regions that may be useful for conservation planning. This project provides a hydrologic foundation for future examination of flow–ecology relationships in the region. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Political Parties and Constitutionalism

This exercise in comparative constitutionalism surveys how constitutional texts, constitutional doctrine, and constitutional traditions across different countries address the now well-recognized centrality of political parties to democracy. The essay is a book chapter in the forthcoming Research Handbook in Comparative Constitutional Law.
Current evaluation research on mental health services.

Historically, the status of mental health services in the United States has depended upon the economic stability of the nation; much of the financial support of these programs has come from government sources. Since current budget reductions have somewhat curtailed NIMH-supported community and mental health center programs, it becomes increasingly important to systematically evaluate the changing relationship between the mental health professions and the society at large. The need for better administrative and fiscal supervision of community-based mental health service units as well as professional assessment of such centers is evident; unless evaluative data are gathered, social and professional growth may be stifled.
Aberrant E-cadherin staining patterns in invasive mammary carcinoma

Background E-cadherin, a cell surface protein involved in cell adhesion, is present in normal breast epithelium, benign breast lesions, and in breast carcinoma. Alterations in the gene CDH1 on chromosome 16q22 are associated with changes in E-cadherin protein expression and function. Inactivation of E-cadherin in lobular carcinomas and certain diffuse gastric carcinomas may play a role in the dispersed, discohesive "single cell" growth patterns seen in these tumors. The molecular "signature" of mammary lobular carcinomas is the loss of E-cadherin protein expression as evidenced by immunohistochemistry, whereas ductal carcinomas are typically E-cadherin positive.
Magnet costs for the Advanced Light Source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) accelerator is now completed. The numerous conventional magnets required for the booster ring, the storage ring and the low and high energy transfer lines were installed. This paper summarizes the various costs associated with the quantity fabrication of selected magnet families. These costs include the costs of prototypes, tooling, coil and core fabrication, assembly and magnetic measurements. Brief descriptions of the magnets and specialized requirements for magnetic measurements are included in order to associate the costs with the relative complexities of the various magnet systems. >
Segmentation of magnetic resonance images using a neuro-fuzzy algorithm

Evaluates a segmentation technique for magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain based on the adaptive fuzzy leader clustering (AFLC) algorithm. This approach performs vector quantization by updating the winning prototype of a competitive network through an unsupervised learning process. Segmentation of MR images is formulated as an unsupervised vector quantization process, where the valve of a vigilance parameter restricts the number of prototypes representing the feature vectors. The choice of the misclassification rate (MCR) as a quantitative measure shows that AFLC outperforms other existing segmentation methods.
Diffusion profiles after nitrocarburizing austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The mutual effects of nitrogen and carbon interstitials on diffusion profiles resulting from low temperature interstitial hardening were examined in AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. Samples were nitrided, carburized, or nitrocarburized at low temperatures (703 to 723 K), and the resulting concentration-depth profiles of nitrogen and carbon were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy. The presence of carbon does not affect the nitrogen diffusion profiles. The presence of nitrogen does not affect the carbon diffusion depths, but it does reduce the near-surface carbon concentrations. Processing parameters, such as the order of treatment, gas species, gas flow, time, and temperature, are examined to reveal their relative importance and the potential to tailor diffusion profiles for specific applications.
The public and private dialogue about the american family on television

Though research on TV family portrayals exists and family images have been criticized in public arenas, there is a lack of research on parents and children's responses to family portrayals. For this study, I interviewed parents and children in order to examine connections between the public and private dialogues about TV family portrayals. The private dialogue closely approximated the public dialogue by focusing on TV family realism, structure, and relationship models. Implicit in participants' arguments was a social learning model. Most participants argued that family portrayals affect expectations for family life, valued features of family, and communication with family members. This article discusses the connections between public opinion and family communication.
Another adaptive distributed shortest path algorithm

The authors give a distributed algorithm to compute shortest paths in a network with changing topology. The authors analyze its behavior. The proof of correctness is discussed. It does not suffer from the routing table looping behavior associated with the Ford-Bellman distributed shortest path algorithm although it uses truly distributed processing. Its time and message complexities are evaluated. Comparisons with other methods are given. >
Effect of fluorophore linkage position of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids on probe distribution between coexisting gel and fluid phospholipid phases

The quenching of probe fluorescence by spin-labeled phospholipid has been used to determine the distribution of a series of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids between coexisting gel and fluid liquid-crystal phases in multilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The phase distribution ratio in every case is found to favor the fluid lipid phase, but is much greater between fluid and Ca2+-induced gel than between fluid and thermal gel. For a given gel type, n-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acids with n=3, 6, 9 or 12 as well as 11-(9-anthroyloxy)undecanoic acid all exhibit similar behavior, favoring the fluid phase by about a factor of 4 over thermally-induced lipid gel phase and by 18 over Ca2+-induced gel phase. 16-(9-Anthroyloxy)palmitic acid, with the bulky probe at the terminus of the 16-carbon chain, favors the fluid phase less strongly, by a factor of 1.5 or 11 over thermally-induced or Ca2+-induced gel phase, respectively, indicating better packing of this probe in phospholipid gel phases.
PRESERVATION OF LEISHMANIA DONOVANI BY LOW-TEMPERATURE FREEZING.

A NUMBER of pathogenic protozoa of the blood, for example, those which invade erythrocytes and lead essentially an intracellular existence such as the malaria parasites and others like the trypanosomes which are actively motile in the blood stream, have been successfully preserved in the frozen state retaining both their viability and infectivity.
Lexical frequency as a scalar variable in explaining variation

This study examines the relationship between lexical frequency and s -lenition in Barranquillero Spanish, looking at lexical frequency as a scalar variable. A quantitative analysis of /s/ in words of different lexical frequencies, in which productions from a reading task were submitted to auditory acoustical analysis, reveals that the single most important factor in s -lenition is lexical frequency. Speakers tend towards a full articulation of /s/ in low-frequency words, while weakening it in high-frequency words. This study addresses three questions: Do subtle differences in lexical frequency influence how sounds are produced synchronically? What are the advantages of considering lexical frequency in scalar terms as opposed to a categorical variable (high vs. low-frequency)? What is the relationship between lexical frequency and other linguistic factors? Resume: Cette etude examine le rapport entre la frequence lexicale et l'attenuation du /s/ en espagnol barraquillero, tout en considerant la frequence lexicale comme une variable scalaire. Une analyse quantitative du /s/ dans des mots de differentes frequences lexicales au cours de laquelle des productions provenant d'un exercice de lecture ont ete soumises a une analyse auditive, revele que le facteur le plus important est la frequence lexicale. Les locuteurs ont tendance a articuler completement le /s/ dans les mots de basse frequence, alors qu'ils l'attenuent dans les mots de haute frequence. Cette etude considere trois questions : Est-ce que des differencesminimes dans la frequence lexicale influencent la facon dont les sons sont produits synchroniquement? Quels sont les avantages de considerer la frequence lexicale en termes scalaires plutot que comme categorie variable (haute frequence par opposition a basse frequence)? Quel est le rapport entre la frequence lexicale et les autres facteurs linguistiques?
Shear horizontal wave excitation and reception with shear horizontal piezoelectric wafer active sensor (SH-PWAS)

This article discusses shear horizontal (SH) guided-waves that can be excited with shear type piezoelectric wafer active sensor (SH-PWAS). The paper starts with a review of state of the art SH waves modelling and their importance in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM). The basic piezoelectric sensing and actuation equations for the case of shear horizontal piezoelectric wafer active sensor (SH-PWAS) with electro-mechanical coupling coefficient are reviewed. Multiphysics finite element modelling (MP-FEM) was performed on a free SH-PWAS to show its resonance modeshapes. The actuation mechanism of the SH-PWAS is predicted by MP-FEM, and modeshapes of excited structure are presented. The structural resonances are compared with experimental measurements and showed good agreement. Analytical prediction of SH waves was performed. SH wave propagation experimental study was conducted between different combinations of SH-PWAS and regular in-plane PWAS transducers. Experimental results were compared with analytical predictions for aluminium plates and showed good agreement. 2D wave propagation effects were studied by MP-FEM. An analytical model was developed for SH wave power and energy. The normal mode expansion (NME) method was used to account for superpositioning multimodal SH waves. Modal participation factors were presented to show the contribution of every mode. Power and energy transfer between SH-PWAS and the structure was analyzed. Finally, we present simulations of our developed wave power and energy analytical models.
The Relation between the Month of Calving and Yearly Butterfat Production

Summary The butterfat records of 2690 first-calf heifers in herds located in western Oregon, a region with rather uniformly mild temperature, were studied to determine the effect of the month of calving on yearly butterfat production. It seems that under western Oregon conditions the season of the year in which a cow freshens has no appreciable effect on her yearly butterfat production.
Generation of Narrow-Bandwidth Paired Photons with a Standing Wave Pump

A single retro-reflected Ti:Saphire laser is used to cool, pump, and to render transparent a cloud of 87 Rb atoms. Paired photons are generated into opposing single-mode fibers at a rate of 600 counts/sec.
Sub-Lyman-α observations of supernova remnants

Abstract The first map of O vi λ1035 emission of the Cygnus Loop has now been obtained with Voyager. The first good spectra of the sub-Lyα region in the Cygnus Loop and in the LMC remnant N49 have been obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope. The lines detected below 1200Ainclude S vi λλ933,945, C iii λ977, N iii λ991, and O vi λλ1032, 1038. The O vi luminosities of the Cygnus Loop and of N49 exceed their soft X-ray luminosities. There is O vi emission at the primary shock front in the Cygnus Loop and from the bright optical filaments. The HUT spectra of the Cygnus Loop can be interpreted in terms of shocks with velocities of 170–190 km s −1 ; the differences between the two spectra are due to the time since the beginning of the shock-cloud encounter.
Treatment of Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy

Melanoma-associated retinopathy is a rare paraneoplastic disorder that is challenging to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Because of the rarity of the disease, therapy is based on analysis of case series and case reports. Based on evidence from these reports, first-line therapy is cytoreduction of metastatic disease through metastasectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation. This can be combined with intravenous immunoglobulin. For refractory visual symptoms, additional therapies include systemic corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, but the success of these strategies has been limited. Because of the rarity of the disorder, new therapies should be evaluated and reported in the literature to expand our clinical understanding of this autoimmune disease.
Spectral evidence for interionic forces in crystal—chromates and dichromates

Abstract The spectra of 31 chromates, seven dichromates, and CrO 3 have been measured from 250 to 4000 cm −1 and from 13000 to 50000 cm −1 . The spectra in the region from 250 to 1000 cm −1 are reported in detail. Strong cation—anion interactions in many chromates, especially those of many of the transition metals are indicated.
Buoyant density and solvation of magnesium DNA

The buoyant density of T-4 DNA was determined by equilibrium sedimentation in a density gradient, of mixed solutions of cesium and magnesium chlorides and bromides. The preferential hydration was calculated from these data, allowing appropriately for the exchange equilibrium of DNA with Cs+ and Mg++ ions. The charge and intrinsic solvation of the counterions were found to have no appreciable effect on the hydration of the DNA, the extent of solvation depending only on the thermodynamic, activity of the water. Various reasonable hypotheses are discussed to account for these results.
Antiferromagnetic Superexchange Effect

The delocalization effect recently proposed by Anderson as the principal contribution to the antiferromagnetic coupling of magnetic ions is analyzed by methods used in an earlier paper to derive the Heisenberg exchange operator formalism for both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling. It is shown that Anderson's effect can be included, together with the superexchange correlation effect treated previously, as contributions to the Heisenberg exchange integral for ions of arbitrary spin. In the case of the antiferromagnetic oxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO these two effects are found to be of comparable size, although the correlation effect is larger and determines the qualitative behavior of the N\'eel temperatures, which increase with decreasing spin through this sequence of transition metal ions. Agreement with the experimental N\'eel temperatures is significantly improved by including both effects.
Effects of maximum void size and aggregate characteristics on the strength of mortar

Abstract The effects of the maximum void size and aggregate shape and roughness on the flexural strength of high strength mortar were investigated. Substantial reductions in the maximum void size and air content of quartz aggregate mortars resulted in flexural strength increases. These increases in flexural strength were somewhat lower than predicted by Griffith's theory, thus suggesting that the maximum void size did not act as the critical flaw controlling the flexural strength. Factors relating to the cement-aggregate bond, including aggregate shape and roughness, appeared to affect the flexural strength more than the maximum void size.
MORPHOLOGY, VASCULAR ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF PISTILLATE AND STAMINATE FLOWERS OF ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS

Flowers of three pistillate (female), two heterogametic staminate (male) and two homogametic male genotypes of Asparagus officinalis L. were compared for morphology and vascular anatomy of the flower and for embryological development to the stage of mature ovules and pollen. Flowers are liliaceous, the staminate with rudimentary pistils and the pistillate with collapsed anthers. The uncomplicated vascular pattern differs between staminate and pistillate flowers only in the size and degree of maturation of bundles to stamens and carpels. Longer styles appear to be correlated with a greater extent of ovule development in ovaries of staminate flowers. Microsporogenesis in males is normal with wall development corresponding to the Monocotyledonous type. The tapetum is glandular and binucleate, cytokinesis successive, the tetrads isobilateral or occasionally decussate, and the mature pollen grain two-celled. A pair of heteromorphic, possibly sex, chromosomes was observed in heterogametic male plants. Anther development is initially the same in pistillate flowers, but the tapetum degenerates precociously followed by collapse of microspore mother cells. In pistillate flowers the ovules are hemitropous, bitegmic, and slightly crassinucellate. Megasporogenesis-megagametogenesis conforms to the Polygonum type. In staminate flowers ovule development is like that in pistillate flowers until degeneration starts in nucellar and integumentary cells at the chalazal end. Ovules in both homogametic male genotypes rarely complete meiosis, while in the heterogametic males it is normally completed with about one ovule in 20 flowers forming a mature megagametophyte. Since manipulation of sex expression in Asparagus could be important in developing inbred male and female lines for breeding purposes, those aspects of the morphological and embryological observations presented which might be useful in planning experiments to induce sex changes are discussed briefly.