cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial post marketing experience with lacosamide in adult patients with epilepsy

The outcomes of adult epilepsy patients prescribed lacosamide for additional seizure control. Responders were defined as having at least a 50% decrease in seizure frequency Sixty-seven patients were evaluated. Forty-six out of 67 patients (69%) were responders. Twelve of 14 patients not taking sodium channel-acting AEDs were responders (86%) and 34/53 patients taking sodium channel-acting AEDs were responders (64%) (difference not significant).
Size, charge and concentration dependent uptake of iron oxide particles by non-phagocytic cells

A promising new direction for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging involves tracking the migration and biodistribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled cells in vivo. Despite the large number of cell labeling studies that have been performed with SPIO particles of differing size and surface charge, it remains unclear which SPIO configuration provides optimal contrast in non-phagocytic cells. This is largely because contradictory findings have stemmed from the variability and imprecise control over surface charge, the general need and complexity of transfection and/or targeting agents, and the limited number of particle configurations examined in any given study. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the cellular uptake of SPIO in non-phagocytic T cells over a continuum of particle sizes ranging from 33 nm to nearly 1.5 μm, with precisely controlled surface properties, and without the need for transfection agents. SPIO labeling of T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and contrast enhancement was determined by relaxometry. SPIO uptake was dose-dependent and exhibited sigmoidal charge dependence, which was shown to saturate at different levels of functionalization. Efficient labeling of cells was observed for particles up to 300 nm, however, micron-sized particle uptake was limited. Our results show that an unconventional highly cationic particle configuration at 107 nm maximized MR contrast of T cells, outperforming the widely utilized USPIO (<50 nm).
Adult-Onset Antisocial Behavior Trajectories Associations With Adolescent Family Processes and Emerging Adulthood Functioning

Guided by conceptual and empirical work on emerging adulthood, this study investigated the role of closeness to mother and father and behavioral autonomy during adolescence on the development of adult-onset antisocial behavior. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we identified four aggressive (abstainer, adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) and three nonaggressive (adolescent-limited, adult-onset, chronic) trajectories. Members of the aggressive adult-onset trajectory reported higher levels of paternal closeness during adolescence compared to the members of the aggressive chronic trajectory. Maternal closeness and behavioral autonomy did not differentially predict trajectory membership. In addition, members of the adult-onset trajectories were less likely to be employed or in a romantic relationship and reported decreased physical health during emerging adulthood compared to members of all other trajectories.
Repair of N-methylpurines in DNA from lymphocytes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We have previously reported reduced ability of ALS fibroblasts to repair genomic DNA damage produced by alkylating agents. This report presents our experience of studying DNA repair in lymphocytes from ALS patients. The repair of N-methylpurines produced by treatment with the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate, was studied in T-lymphocytes from patients with sporadic and familial ALS, and appropriate controls. Repair of damage was quantitated by using alkaline elution for genomic DNA repair, and methoxyamine protection of abasic sites in DNA fragments for gene-specific repair in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene, at time points 0, 6 h and 24 h. No significant repair rate differences were observed between ALS and control lymphocytes in either genomic or gene-specific DNA repair. The possible reasons for the discrepancy with our earlier results in lymphocytes and fibroblasts are discussed.
Beyond the nearest-neighbor Zimm–Bragg model for helix-coil transition in peptides

The nearest-neighbor (μ = 1) variant of the Zimm and Bragg (ZB) model has been extensively used to describe the helix-coil transition in biopolymers. In this work, we investigate the helix-coil transition for a 21-residue alanine peptide (AP) with the ZB model up to fourth nearest neighbor (μ = 1, 2, 3, and 4). We use a matrix approach that takes into account combinations of any number of helical stretches of any length and therefore gives the exact statistical weight of the chain within the assumptions of the ZB model. The parameters of the model are determined by fitting the temperature-dependent circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared experimental spectra of the AP. All variants of the model fit the experimental data, thus giving similar results in terms of the macroscopic observables, such as temperature-dependent fractional helicity. However, the resulting microscopic parameters, such as distributions of the individual residue helical probabilities and free energy surfaces, vary significantly depending on the variant of the model. Overall, the mean residue enthalpy and entropy (in the absolute value) both increase with μ, but combined yield essentially the same “effective” value of the ZB propagation parameters for all μ. Greater helical probabilities for individual residues are predicted for larger μ, in particular, near the center of the sequence. The ZB nucleation parameters increase with increasing μ, which results in a lower free energy barrier to helix nucleation and lower apparent “cooperativity” of the transition. The significance of the long-range interactions for the predictions of ZB model for helix-coil transition, the calculated model parameters and the limitations of the model are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 120–131, 2009. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The effect of post‐mortem storage on the water‐soluble proteins of breast muscles of uneviscerated pheasant and chicken carcasses

Synopsis Electropherograms, obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of water‐soluble proteins extracted from the breast muscles of uneviscerated pheasant and chicken carcasses which had been stored at 10 °C were compared. The results indicated that chicken muscle proteins remained largely unchanged, while marked changes occurred in pheasant muscle proteins especially after 10 d post‐mortem.
“Inferential knowledge ‐ the distinctest one”: Rhetoric, seduction and the male reader of Emily Dickinson's letters

(1992). “Inferential knowledge ‐ the distinctest one”: Rhetoric, seduction and the male reader of Emily Dickinson's letters. Prose Studies: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 225-241.
Hedging Multiple Price Uncertainty in International Grain Trade

Commodity and freight futures contracts are analyzed for their effectiveness in reducing uncertainty for international traders. A theoretical model is developed for a trader exposed to several types of risk. OLS hedge ratio estimation is compared to the SUR and the multivariate GARCH methodologies. Explicit modeling of the time-variation in hedge ratios via the multivariate GARCH methodology, using all derivatives, and taking into account dependencies between prices, results in reductions in risk, even after accounting for transaction costs. Results confirm that while the commodity futures contracts are important for hedging risk, freight futures are a useful mechanism for reducing risk. Copyright 2000, Oxford University Press.
Calculation of hot electron phenomena

Abstract Analytical formulas are generally able to give a better account of a physical phenomenon than can be provided by a numerical description. The latter may be necessary for hot electrons, however, because of the inability of simple physical principles to truly encompass the dynamics of the distribution function, and because of complexity in the band and scattering scheme of the solid, of the particular phenomenon studied, or geometry of the situation. The traditional phenomenon of interest is the steady state with spatial homogeneity, and independent nondegenerate electrons. In suitable conditions the Boltzmann equation then reduces to one in a single variable (energy) which can be solved by relatively simple means. More generally, for this case, we need a numerical computation of the distribution function. Either the latter is represented by its values on a grid of points in the space of the electron variables, and the operators of the Boltzmann equation by operations on this array, or the “history” of a single electron is simulated by a Monte Carlo scheme. The former method has advantages within its range of applicability. Monte Carlo has been extensively applied, because of its greater ability to deal with band and scattering details. It is also applicable, by elaboration of the computational procedures, to a range of phenomena including time dependence; diffusion; impact ionization; effects of carrier-carrier interaction; field-effect surface scattering; thermalization of drifting carriers; semiconductor junctions; effect of degeneracy.
SHRIMP: solving collision and out of vocabulary problems in mobile predictive input with motion gesture

Dictionary-based disambiguation (DBD) is a very popular solution for text entry on mobile phone keypads but suffers from two problems: 1. the resolution of encoding collision (two or more words sharing the same numeric key sequence) and 2. entering out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. In this paper, we present SHRIMP, a system and method that addresses these two problems by integrating DBD with camera based motion sensing that enables the user to express preference through a tilting or movement gesture. SHRIMP (Small Handheld Rapid Input with Motion and Prediction) runs on camera phones equipped with a standard 12-key keypad. SHRIMP maintains the speed advantage of DBD driven predictive text input while enabling the user to overcome DBD collision and OOV problems seamlessly without even a mode switch. An initial empirical study demonstrates that SHRIMP can be learned very quickly, performed immediately faster than MultiTap and handled OOV words more efficiently than DBD.
Concepts and Categorization

Whenever people think of an object as something (e.g. that Fido is a dog, a pet, or loyal), they are categorizing it using their internal concepts. A concept is a mental representation that allows different things to be treated equivalently for some purpose. People learn concepts to facilitate communication, to make useful predictions about their world, to create mental building blocks for expressing more sophisticated thoughts, and to form efficient representations for objects and situations. We discuss five approaches to how concepts are learned and represented: rules, prototypes, exemplars, category boundaries, and theories. Whereas some of these approaches leave the impression that concepts are isolated mental structures, connections between concepts are also critically important. We discuss connections between concepts and perception that link categorization to object recognition and serve to ground concepts in the world. Consistent with this connection, concepts and perceptual processes mutually influence one another. We also describe connections between concepts and language that allow concepts to subserve abstract communication, and for language needs to reciprocally affect concepts. Finally, we predict future directions for concept learning research, including formal computational modeling and educational applications. Keywords: categorization; concept learning; exemplars; induction; prototypes; representation; rules; theories
Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants.

Background. Flavors from the mother9s diet during pregnancy are transmitted to amniotic fluid and swallowed by the fetus. Consequently, the types of food eaten by women during pregnancy and, hence, the flavor principles of their culture may be experienced by the infants before their first exposure to solid foods. Some of these same flavors will later be experienced by infants in breast milk, a liquid that, like amniotic fluid, comprises flavors that directly reflect the foods, spices, and beverages eaten by the mother. The present study tested the hypothesis that experience with a flavor in amniotic fluid or breast milk modifies the infants9 acceptance and enjoyment of similarly flavored foods at weaning. Methods. Pregnant women who planned on breastfeeding their infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. The women consumed either 300 mL of carrot juice or water for 4 days per week for 3 consecutive weeks during the last trimester of pregnancy and then again during the first 2 months of lactation. The mothers in 1 group drank carrot juice during pregnancy and water during lactation; mothers in a second group drank water during pregnancy and carrot juice during lactation, whereas those in the control group drank water during both pregnancy and lactation. Approximately 4 weeks after the mothers began complementing their infants9 diet with cereal and before the infants had ever been fed foods or juices containing the flavor of carrots, the infants were videotaped as they fed, in counterbalanced order, cereal prepared with water during 1 test session and cereal prepared with carrot juice during another. Immediately after each session, the mothers rated their infants9 enjoyment of the food on a 9-point scale. Results. The results demonstrated that the infants who had exposure to the flavor of carrots in either amniotic fluid or breast milk behaved differently in response to that flavor in a food base than did nonexposed control infants. Specifically, previously exposed infants exhibited fewer negative facial expressions while feeding the carrot-flavored cereal compared with the plain cereal, whereas control infants whose mothers drank water during pregnancy and lactation exhibited no such difference. Moreover, those infants who were exposed to carrots prenatally were perceived by their mothers as enjoying the carrot-flavored cereal more compared with the plain cereal. Although these same tendencies were observed for the amount of cereal consumed and the length of the feeds, these findings were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to a flavor enhanced the infants9 enjoyment of that flavor in solid foods during weaning. These very early flavor experiences may provide the foundation for cultural and ethnic differences in cuisine.
Low-threshold parametric nonlinear optics with quasi-phase-matched whispering-gallery modes

We propose to fabricate a toroidal dielectric cavity from a periodically poled χ(2) nonlinear material (e.g., LiNbO3) to achieve efficient interaction among high-Q whispering-gallery modes. We show that the periodic poling allows for suppression of both material and cavity dispersion. Such a cavity might be a basic element of a family of efficient nonlinear devices operating at a broad range of optical wavelengths.
A pleiotropic iron-uptake mutant of Neisseria meningitidis lacks a 70-kilodalton iron-regulated protein

We isolated an iron-uptake mutant of Neisseria meningitidis M986-NCV-1 that was severely limited in the ability to use several sources of iron in the form of Fe3+. This mutant, FAM11, grew poorly or not at all with human transferrin (TF) or lactoferrin (LF) as the sole iron source in a defined medium but grew as well as wild-type meningococci with hemin or hemoglobin. Uptake of 55Fe bound to TF, LF, dicitrate complexes, aerobactin, or nitrilotriacetate was reduced to 0 to 4% of the wild-type level. FAM11 did not produce an iron-repressible outer membrane protein (FeRP) of 70 kilodaltons (kDa) found in membranes of iron-stressed M986-NCV-1. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using rabbit antiserum against this protein revealed that at least 17 of 18 meningococcal and 10 of 14 gonococcal strains produced an FeRP of ca. 70 kDa. The 70-kDa FeRP was shown to be surface exposed by radioimmunoprecipitation with human immune sera. These data suggest that the 70-kDa FeRP is somehow involved in Fe uptake from TF and LF. However, we were unable to transform the iron-uptake phenotype from FAM11 into wild-type meningococci to confirm this. Revertants of FAM11 that grew with TF and LF did not regain the ability to make the 70-kDa FeRP but also did not completely regain the Fe-uptake phenotype of M986-NCV-1.
Mapping Thalamocortical Functional Connectivity in Chronic and Early Stages of Psychotic Disorders.

Background There is considerable evidence that the thalamus is abnormal in psychotic disorders. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed an intriguing pattern of thalamic dysconnectivity in psychosis characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity and increased somatomotor-thalamic connectivity. However, critical knowledge gaps remain with respect to the onset, anatomical specificity, and clinical correlates of thalamic dysconnectivity in psychosis. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected on 105 healthy subjects and 148 individuals with psychosis, including 53 early-stage psychosis patients. Using all 253 subjects, the thalamus was parceled into functional regions of interest (ROIs) on the basis of connectivity with six a priori defined cortical ROIs covering most of the cortical mantle. Functional connectivity between each cortical ROI and its corresponding thalamic ROI was quantified and compared across groups. Significant differences in the ROI-to-ROI analysis were followed up with voxelwise seed-based analyses to further localize thalamic dysconnectivity. Results ROI analysis revealed reduced PFC-thalamic connectivity and increased somatomotor-thalamic connectivity in both chronic and early-stage psychosis patients. PFC hypoconnectivity and motor cortex hyperconnectivity correlated in patients, suggesting that they result from a common pathophysiological mechanism. Seed-based analyses revealed thalamic hypoconnectivity in psychosis localized to dorsolateral PFC, medial PFC, and cerebellar areas of the well-described executive control network. Across all subjects, thalamic connectivity with areas of the fronto-parietal network correlated with cognitive functioning, including verbal learning and memory. Conclusions Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is present in both chronic and early stages of psychosis, includes reduced thalamic connectivity with the executive control network, and is related to cognitive impairment.
Zinc Transport in the Brain: Routes of Zinc Influx and Efflux in Neurons

Studies of the routes of entry and exit for zinc in different tissues and cell types have shown that zinc can use several pathways of exit or entry. In neurons, known pathways include (1) presynaptic release along with glutamate when synaptic vesicles empty their contents into the synaptic cleft, (2) voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels and glutamate-gated channels that provide an entry route when cells are depolarized and that mediate extracellular zinc toxicity and (3) a plasma membrane transporter potentially present in all neurons important for cellular zinc homeostasis. The least understood of these pathways, in terms of mechanism, is the transporter pathway. The kinetics of zinc uptake in cultured neurons under resting conditions are consistent with and suggest the existence of a saturable transporter in the plasma membrane. The proteins responsible for plasma membrane zinc transport have not yet been definitely identified. Likely candidates include two proteins identified by molecular cloning termed zinc transporter 1 and divalent cation transporter DCT1. Both proteins have been shown to be expressed in the brain, but only DCT1 is clearly demonstrated to be a transport protein, whereas zinc transporter 1 may only modulate zinc transport in association with as-yet-unidentified proteins. Understanding the mechanism and neuromodulation of plasma membrane zinc transport will be an important first step toward a complete understanding of neuronal zinc homeostasis.
General considerations on the operational forecasts of severe convective events: from medium to short range

In this lecture we will deal with the general aspects of an operational forecast of convective severe weather in the medium and short range, that is from 72h to 24h ahead the occurrence of the severe weather event. The attention will be focused on the information available to the forecaster, their reliability and their use. The role of the numerical model outputs generally available in the daily operational forecast activity are described and their limits are stressed. It is shown how the subjective contribution of the forecaster integrates the model outputs information. The main elements that characterize a severe weather occurrence are schematically described and their identification is explored by means of the useful information available at the medium and short range.
Characterization and Localization of a Novel Tomato Arabinogalactan-Protein (LeAGP-1) and the Involvement of Arabinogalactan-Proteins in Programmed Cell Death

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of plant Hyp-rich glycoproteins containing Type II AG side chains (Fincher et al 1983, Nothnagel 1997). Several AGPs have been characterized over the years on the (glyco)protein level and, more recently, on the molecular level. Collectively, these studies indicate that AGPs are a diverse family that can be classified in one of two groups: the “classical” and the “non-classical” AGPs. Classical AGPs contain a polypeptide with at least three distinct domains: an N-terminal secretion signal sequence; a central domain, which contains most of the Pro/Hyp residues; and a C-terminal hydrophobic region, which is involved in the attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor (Youl et al 1998). The classical designation is given when Pro/Hyp, Ala, Thr, and Ser represent the most abundant residues in the encoded polypeptide, excluding the N-terminal signal sequence; otherwise the non-classical designation applies. Clones corresponding to non-classical AGPs specify N-terminal secretion signal sequences and various other domains, including Pro/Hyp-rich, Asn-rich, Cys-rich, and Hyp-poor domains, but, to date, do not specify any C-terminal hydrophobic domains. As additional structural data are obtained on AGPs, this working classification system will undoubtedly be refined. More importantly, additional structural data and the availability of purified AGPs will help elucidate the function of these extraordinary plant glycoproteins.
Impact of Chalcogenide Ligands on Excited State Dynamics in CdSe Quantum Dots

The ligands that passivate the surfaces of semiconductor nanocrystals play an important role in excited state relaxation and charge transfer. Replacement of native long-chain organic ligands with chalcogenides has been shown to improve charge transfer in nanocrystal-based devices. In this report, we examine how surface-capping with S2–, Se2–, and Te2– impacts photoexcited state relaxation in CdSe quantum dots (QDs). We use transient absorption spectroscopy with state-specific pumping to reveal the kinetics of electron and hole cooling, band edge electron relaxation, hole trapping, and trapped hole relaxation, all as a function of surface-capping ligand. We find that carrier cooling is not strongly dependent on the ligand. In contrast, band edge relaxation exhibits strong ligand dependence, with enhanced electron trapping in chalcogenide-capped QDs. This effect is the weakest with the S2– ligand, but is very strong with Se2– and Te2–, such that the average band edge electron lifetimes for QDs capped with t...
Spatial Configuration Trends in Coastal Louisiana from 1985 to 2010

From 1932 to 2010, coastal Louisiana has experienced a net loss of 4877 km2 of wetlands. As the area of these wetlands has changed, so too has the spatial configuration of the landscape. The resulting landscape is a mosaic of patches of wetlands and open water. This study examined the spatial and temporal variability of trajectories of landscape configuration and the relation of those patterns to the trajectories of land change in wetlands during a 1985–2010 observation period. Spatial configuration was quantified using multi-temporal satellite imagery and an aggregation index (AI). The results of this analysis indicate that coastal Louisiana experienced a reduction in the AI of coastal wetlands of 1.07 %. In general, forested wetland and fresh marsh types displayed the highest aggregation and stability. The remaining marsh types, (intermediate, brackish, and saline) all experienced disaggregation during the time period, with increasing severity of disaggregation along an increasing salinity gradient. Finally, a correlation (r 2 = 0.5562) was found between AI and the land change rate for the subsequent period, indicating that fragmentation can increase the vulnerability of wetlands to further wetland loss. These results can help identify coastal areas which are susceptible to future wetland loss.
INTRAVENOUS CONTRAST IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES ON METFORMIN: NEW COMMON SENSE GUIDELINES

Abbreviations: ACR = American College of Radiology AKI = acute kidney injury CT = computed tomography Cr = creatinine DM = diabetes mellitus eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate FDA = Food and Drug Administration FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose IV = intravenous
Optimizing Attack Surface and Configuration Diversity Using Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning

Minimizing the attack surface of a system and introducing diversity into a system are two effective ways to improve system security. However, determining how to include diversity in a system without increasing the attack surface more than necessary is a difficult problem, requiring knowledge about the system characteristics, operating environment, and available permutations that is generally not available prior to system deployment. We propose viewing a system's components, interfaces, and communication channels as a set of states and actions that can be analyzed using a sequential decision making process, and using a multi-objective reinforcement learning algorithm to learn a set of policies that minimize a system's attack surface and execute those policies to obtain configuration diversity while a system is operating. We describe a methodology for designing a system such that its components and behaviors can be translated into a multi-objective Markov Decision Process, demonstrate the use of multi-objective reinforcement learning to learn a set of optimal policies using three different multi-objective reinforcement learning algorithms in the context of an online file sharing application, and show that our multi-objective temporal difference afterstate algorithm outperforms the alternatives for the example problem.
Low grade uterine stromal sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma associated with an IUD: a report of 2 cases.

Background: Although intrauterine device (IUD) usage has not been linked to uterine cancer and has even been considered protective against neoplasia sporadic cases of IUD-associated uterine malignancies have been reported. Cases: One cystic low grade stromal sarcoma of the uterus occurred in a 7-year IUD user and 1 invasive endometrial squamous cell carcinoma following 25 years of IUD retention occurred in another. The latter case was notable for extensive in situ squamous cell carcinoma involving the entire uterine cavity and extending to the ectocervix and into both fallopian tubes. In situ hybridization for high-risk HPV DNA was negative. These findings raise the possibility of a non-HPV-related pathway for the squamous cell carcinoma case due possibly to prolonged chronic irritation and pyometra. Conclusion: The association of low grade stromal sarcoma with the IUD in the first case is extremely rare and most likely coincidental. The squamous carcinoma case however may have arisen via a non-HPV-related pathway possibly related to IUD-induced chronic irritation and pyometra. (authors)
Sampling and sex trading: Lessons on research design from the street

This article explores the use of an action research (AR) approach with a marginalized population of people who trade sex and as a modality to engage diverse stakeholders to work together to reduce ...
Airline Deregulation and the Affects on Advertising Copy for Three Major Target Markets

Prior studies have compared differences in advertising content within media, within media vehicles, between media vehicles and longitudinally. There have also been studies comparing the advertising copy directed toward different market segments and the advertising themes directed to different target market segments. To our knowledge nothing appears in the literature comparing advertising in an industry before and after deregulation or in other situations where there was a fundamental change in the market environment.
Fourier Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals and Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Fourier representation of discrete-time signals and systems. Although theoretically useful, the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) is computationally not feasible. It is the Fourier series of discrete-time signals that makes the Fourier representation computationally feasible. If the region of convergence of the Z-transform of a signal or of the transfer function of a discrete system includes the unit circle, then the DTFT of the signal or the frequency response of the system is easily found. Duality in time and frequency can be used to obtain the Fourier representation of most discrete-time signals and systems. Two computational disadvantages of the DTFT are: the direct DTFT is a function of a continuously varying frequency and the inverse DTFT requires integration. The Fourier series coefficients constitute a periodic sequence of the same period as the signal; thus both are periodic. Moreover, the Fourier series and its coefficients are obtained as sums and the frequency used is discretized. Thus, they can be obtained by computer. To take advantage of this, the spectrum of an aperiodic signal resulting from the DTFT is sampled so that in the time domain there is a periodic repetition of the original signal. For finite-support signals, a periodic extension that gives the discrete Fourier transform or DFT can be obtained. The significance of this result is that frequency representations of discrete-time signals are computed algorithmically.
Recalling Modernity: Aesthetics Before the Abyss

"There has never been," Walter Benjamin writes in The Arcades Proj ect1, "an epoch that did not feel itself to be 'modern' in the sense of eccentric, and did not believe itself to be standing directly before the abyss" (545). If these words seemed true mid-twentieth century, they certainly seem truer still at the century's end. Central to the eccentricity of an age is the relationship of art to lived experience and it is before this eternal abyss, as Benjamin notes, that discussions over meaning and value tend in the direction of art and its purpose, overwhelming us time and again with questions regarding the designation and production of aesthetic criteria. The Slovenian poet and scholar Ales Debeljak's recent book Reluctant Modernity. The Institution of Art and Its Historical Form, proceeds from a deceptively clear intention to mark the eccentricities of our age: "to offer a theoretical explanation of the relationship between the capitalist mode of production and the institution of art in modernity, including 'its after math' in the wake of World War II, within which multinational corporations increasingly define the mode of production" (xix). In describing Debeljak's purpose as "deceptively clear," I suggest that any "theoretical explanation" of art and its production, economic or historical, requires a delicate coordination of culture, politics, and aesthet ics, with any one of the three potentially rising up to determine the line, if not the end, of scholarly inquiry. While his contention is straightforward, the single task of achieving such a theoretical explanation is enormously complex, especially as the three central categories often conflict, with each challenging the explanatory power of any narrative to fully disclose the relationship of one discursive formation in terms of another, a reluctant postmodernity. Debeljak, however, is theoretically careful in his analysis, showing the reader his argumentative process as he moves chronologically
Enhancing the USDA global crop assessment decision support system using SMAP L3 Soil Moisture data

The root zone soil moisture estimates used by USDA-FAS are generated using the modified Palmer model. This baseline model was extended to by adding a data assimilation (DA) unit that allow us to routinely ingest satellite-based soil moisture observations. The current DA system relies on observations obtained from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity Mission (SMOS). Preliminary analysis, however, demonstrated that the accuracy of the model predictions can be improved if we perform dual assimilation. This dual assimilation system is intended to ingest Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)-based soil moisture retrievals and soil moisture observations form the Advanced Scatterometer instrument (ASCAT). Currently the system has been tested using SMOS data as a proxy form SMAP. We assess the performance of this dual assimilation system framework using a global lag-correlation analysis with ranked SMOS and ASCAT soil moisture observations, and MODIS-based vegetation observations.
Draft Genome Sequences of Enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus Strains Obtained from Powdered Infant Formula.

ABSTRACT We introduce the draft genome sequences of five enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus strains: Bc 12, Bc 67, Bc 111, Bc 112, and Bc 113, which were obtained from powdered infant formula. The genome sizes of the strains ranged from 5.5 to 5.8 Mb, and the G+C contents were ~35.2%.
Parametric Studies of Ablation and Venting from the Central Cavity of the HYLIFE-II Reactor

Gas dynamics in the heavy-ion inertial-fusion-energy power plant, HYLIFE-II, have been modeled using the code TSUNAMI. Simulations were run and results compared using both ideal-gas and the partial...
Partially Mixed Selectivity in Human Posterior Parietal Association Cortex

To clarify the organization of motor representations in posterior parietal cortex, we test how three motor variables (body side, body part, cognitive strategy) are coded in the human anterior intraparietal cortex. All tested movements were encoded, arguing against strict anatomical segregation of effectors. Single units coded for diverse conjunctions of variables, with different dimensions anatomically overlapping. Consistent with recent studies, neurons encoding body parts exhibited mixed selectivity. This mixed selectivity resulted in largely orthogonal coding of body parts, which “functionally segregate” the effector responses despite the high degree of anatomical overlap. Body side and strategy were not coded in a mixed manner as effector determined their organization. Mixed coding of some variables over others, what we term “partially mixed coding,” argues that the type of functional encoding depends on the compared dimensions. This structure is advantageous for neuroprosthetics, allowing a single array to decode movements of a large extent of the body.
The critical acromial point: the anatomic location of the lateral acromion in the critical shoulder angle.

Background Acromioplasty has been proposed as a means of altering elevated critical shoulder angles (CSAs). We aimed to localize the critical acromion point (CAP) responsible for the acromial contribution of the CSA and determine whether resection of the CAP can alter the CSA to a normal range. Methods The CAP and 3-dimensional (3D) CSAs were determined on 3D computed tomography reconstructions of 88 cadaveric shoulders and compared with corresponding CSAs on digitally reconstructed radiographs. The position of the CAP was fluoroscopically isolated in 20 of these specimens and the resulting fluoroscopic CSA compared with the corresponding 3D CAP and 3D CSA. We investigated the CSA before and after a virtual acromioplasty of 2.5 and 5 mm at the CAP in specimens with a CSA greater than 35°. Results The mean CAP was 21% ± 10% of the acromial anterior-posterior length from the anterolateral corner. There was no difference between the mean 3D CSA and the CSA on digitally reconstructed radiographs (32° vs 32°, P = .096). No difference between the mean fluoroscopic CSA and 3D CSA was found (31° vs 31°, P = .296). A 2.5-mm acromial resection failed to reduce the CSA to 35° or less in 7 of 13 shoulders, whereas a 5-mm resection reduced the CSA to 35° or less in 12 of 13. Conclusion The CAP was localized to the anterolateral acromial edge and was easily identified fluoroscopically. A 5-mm acromial resection was effective in reducing the CSA to 35° or less. These data can guide surgeons in where and how to alter the CSA if future studies demonstrate a clinical benefit to surgically modifying this radiographic parameter.
Cross-Technology Communication via PHY-Layer Emulation

Cross-Technology Communication is an emerging research direction providing a promising solution to the wireless coexistence problem in the ISM bands. However, the state-of-the-art CTC designs have intrinsic limitations in the throughput due to their use of coarse-grained packet-level information. In contrast, we propose to exploit the fine-grained signal modulation information via a technique called PHY-layer emulation to boost CTC throughput. We can embed a legitimate packet of a target technology, e.g., ZigBee, within the payload of a source technology, e.g., WiFi or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). At the mean time, we require no modification at the hardware or firmware at either sender or receiver. We can achieve 8,000x throughput from WiFi to ZigBee and 10,000x throughput from BLE to ZigBee compared to the state of the art. We also have a demo showcasing how our designs can be implemented on off-the-shelf smartphones for smart light bulbs control.
Parallel computing in computational aerosciences addressing quick-turnaround requirements

Many problems in Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) require millions of grid cells to properly represent the physics. Advances in parallel computing, both in hardware and software, make it feasible to solve such large scale simulations in a timely manner. The objective of this paper is to describe some of the recent work at Rockwell in performing parallel computing for providing quick-turnaround solutions to problems in CFD, CEM and other computational disciplines.
Solitons and Related Phenomena in Superfluid 3He

Solitons (or planar textures) in superfluid 3He are reviewed. In the A phase, solitons are classified into \( \hat d \) -soliton, \( \hat \ell \)-soliton and composite soliton. In an open system the last one is the only stable soliton. Creation of \( \hat d \)-soliton by magnetic means, and magnetic resonances associated with a variety of solitons are described.
Phyl-O'data (POD) from tree of life: integration challenges from yellow slimy things to black crunchy stuffs

The AToL (Assembling the Tree of Life) is a large-scale collaborative research effort sponsored by the National Science Foundation to reconstruct the evolutionary origins of all living things. Currently 31 projects involving 150+ PIs are underway generating novel data including studies of bacteria, microbial eukaryotes, vertebrates, flowering plants and many more. Modern large-scale data collection efforts require fundamental infrastructure support for archiving data, organizing data into structured information (e.g., data models and ontologies), and disseminating data to the broader community. Furthermore, distributed data collection efforts require coordination and integration of the heterogeneous data resources. In this talk, I first introduce the general background of the phylogenetic estimation problem followed by an introduction to the associated data modeling, data integration, and workflow challenges.
Rhizosphere soil-water collection by immiscible displacement-centrifugation technique

Progress in determining nutrient availability in the rhizosphere is restricted by a lack of reliable and convenient methods for rhizosphere soil-water collection. A modified centrifugation method with a fluorocarbon (Fluorinert™,FC-70) as an immiscible displacement liquid was developed. Our objectives were to: i) obtain an adequate soil-water volume from a small rhizosphere sample within a reasonable time; ii) collect rhizosphere soil-water at container capacity (≈ 90% of field capacity) to determine soluble soil ions; and iii) evaluate FC-70 as an extractant. The soil used was a Beadle clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic mesic Typic Argiustoll) with low and high levels of CaCO3 (5 and 204g kg-1). Soil samples from the rhizosphere of 30-days-old sordan (sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), sudangrass (Sorghum sudanese L.) hybrid seedlings were thin-sectioned at 1-, 2- and 3-mm from the root surface. The extraction parameters (sample size, volume of extractant, relative centrifugal force and centrifugation time) were varied to determine optimal values. We obtained adequate amounts of aqueous solutions from moist soil (≈ 6 g) when mixed with 2 mL of FC-70, packed into a filter unit, and centrifuged for 1 hour at 14,500 × g. The displaced soil-water was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The modified centrifugation technique with FC-70 offers a reliable, rapid, safe, and contamination-free method for obtaining unaltered soil-water from the rhizosphere, at a moisture content normally found in soil.
Implications of c-ANCA Testing for the Classification of Wegener’s Granulomatosis: Performance of Different Detection Systems

The clinical spectrum of seventy-six consecutive c-ANCA positive patients is described and its relation to clinical classification schemes for Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) is investigated. c-ANCA detection by immunofluorescence (IF) is compared to detection by two different ELISA systems.
Characteristics and prescribing practices of clinicians recently waivered to prescribe buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder

Background and aims Expanding access to medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine is a cornerstone of the opioid crisis response, yet buprenorphine remains underutilized. Research has identified multiple barriers to prescribing buprenorphine. This study aimed to examine clinician characteristics, prescribing practices and barriers and incentives to prescribing buprenorphine among clinicians with a federal Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 (DATA) waiver to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder treatment. Design Electronic survey of 4225 clinicians conducted between March and April 2018. Setting United States. Participants Clinicians obtaining an initial federal DATA waiver or an increase in authorized patient limit to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder treatment in 2017. Measurements Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression examined clinician characteristics, prescribing practices and primary barriers and incentives to prescribing buprenorphine or prescribing at or near the authorized patient limit. Findings Among respondents, 75.5% had prescribed buprenorphine since obtaining a DATA waiver; the mean (standard deviation) number of patients treated in the past month was 26.6 (40.3), and 13.1% of providers were prescribing at or near their patient limit in the past month. Lack of patient demand, cited by 19.4% of clinicians, was the most common primary barrier to prescribing buprenorphine or prescribing to the authorized patient limit, followed by time constraints in practice (14.6%) and insurance reimbursement, prior authorization or other insurance requirements (13.2%). Increased patient demand (22.2%), institutional support for buprenorphine treatment (12.5%) and increased reimbursement (12.2%) were the most endorsed primary incentives for buprenorphine prescribing. Multivariable logistic regression models identified multiple clinician characteristics associated with buprenorphine prescribing and prescribing at or near the authorized patient limit. Conclusions US clinicians recently waivered to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder treatment appear to prescribe well below their patient limit, and many do not prescribe at all.
Wikidata and Scholia for scholarly profiles: the IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy pilot project

During recent years, cultural heritage institutions have become increasingly interested in participating in open knowledge projects. The most commonly known of these projects is Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. Libraries and archives in particular, are also showing an interest in contributing their data to Wikidata, the newest project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikidata, a sister project to Wikipedia, is a free knowledge base where structured linked data is stored. It aims to be the data hub for all Wikimedia projects. The Wiki community has developed numerous tools and web-based applications to facilitate the contribution of content to Wikidata and to display the data in more meaningful ways. One such web-based application is Scholia which was created to provide users with complete scholarly profiles by making live SPARQL queries to Wikidata and displaying the information in an appealing and effective manner. Scholia provides a comprehensive sketch of the author’s scholarship. This presentation will demonstrate our efforts to contribute data related to our faculty members to Wikidata and will provide a demo of Scholia’s functionalities.
Book reviewThe Family: A World History, M.J. Maynes, A. Waltner, Oxford University Press, New York (2012), 147 pp.

The history of the world is a history of families. Examining the political, economic, and religious forms located throughout time and place reveals that family life has always been central to proce...
Measurements and Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Nb 3 Sn Strands, Cables, and Coils

High-field Nb3Sn magnets for the next generation of hadron colliders are known to have long trainings and to be limited at 90% of their short sample limit at best. This means that the conductor current is at 60% or less of its critical value. Homogeneous finite-element models are typically used for the complex system that includes coils, wedges, poles, yoke, rods, keys, shoes, fillers, shell, etc. Through both modeling and measurements of mechanical properties, we show how a more accurate sub-modeling of the composite structure allows for a better understanding of the stress and strain distributions. This is extremely important for Nb3Sn performance since state-of-the-art high critical current wires of this superconductor are particularly sensitive to strain.
Connecting soft x-ray anisotropy with local order in conjugated polymers

Polarized resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSoXS) can leverage contrast between domains in mass, chemical bonds, and chain orientation to characterize polymer thin films. Although mass and chemical contrast can be predicted from the absorption spectra, the origins of orienta-tional contrast are not fully understood. For example, in the case where one domain is crystalline, it is not obvious how the total crystallinity will affect the anisotropy. Using a simple calculation, we predict polarized RSoXS of model structures and compare with experiment. Through experiments and simulations, we demonstrate that scattering anisotropy is not monotonically related to local order but instead peaks when 50% of domains have aligned chains, i.e., when the sample is 50% crystalline.