cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ED-34IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS IN GLIOBLASTOMA NOT RECEIVING UPFRONT RADIATION THERAPY.

BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care for GBM. Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database by several investigators including our group have demonstrated 27% of GBM cases did not receive upfront radiation therapy and had a poorer survival outcome. Our study sought to investigate the sociodemographic factors in this group. METHODS: We analyzed the SEER 18 dataset for GBM patients that are 20 years and older from 2000-2010 (n = 23,595). All statistical tests were two-sided, and significance defined as p < 0.05. To examine different variables, hazard ratios (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL) are to be estimated using Cox regression models including multivariable models for all estimates adjusted for all covariates. Data are analyzed using SEER-Stat. RESULTS: We found age to be a highly significant factor, the older more likely to not receive upfront RT, however the 20-49 age group had 696 of 4025 cases (17.29%) not receive treatment. Adjusted for age women were less likely to receive RT. Having had a gross total resection increased the likelihood of receiving RT vs. partial resection or biopsy. Patients having their tumor in the parenchyma of the neocortex were more likely to receive RT versus in the ventricles or cerebellum. There was a slight increase in use of RT over our study-period and there was also a statistically significant increase of not receiving RT if black, living in a lower education and greater poverty area or rural environment. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic factors we identified with not receiving upfront RT are known to be associated with health disparities; however, there were many cases in the favorable categories that did not receive RT. Our results demonstrate that improving the use of upfront RT should have a marked improvement in GBM outcomes.
Expansions for statistics involving the mean absolute deviations

Expansion for the difference of mean absolute deviations from the sample mean and the population mean is derived. This result is used to obtain strong representations for mean absolute deviations from the sample mean and the sample median. Edgeworth expansions for some scale invariant statistics involving the mean absolute deviations are studied. These expansions are shown to be valid in spite of the presence of a lattice variable.
Understanding the Implications for Airports of Distributed Air Transportation Using a System-of-Systems Approach

Abstract This paper merges two perspectives to better understand the future requirements for airports. From the methodological perspective, a system-of-systems (SoS) approach is employed to provide structure to the numerous, multi-level aspects crucial to understanding air transportation dynamics. From the operational perspective, distributed on-demand air service is introduced as a new service paradigm. This new service intends to improve doorstep–destination mobility for regional intercity trips. Its realization could dramatically shift the loading on the present day network of airports. To examine the potential impacts, network models are developed from the SoS foundation for the new on-demand service, a hub-and-spoke network topology, and a scheduled point-to-point service. An example is provided which illustrates the implications of these service models on airport fitness using Indiana airports as a case study. The ability of an airport to be part of many preferred trips, its network centrality, is f...
Ruth's Resolve: What Jesus' Great-Grandmother May Teach about Bioethics and Care

When thinking about the intersection of care and Christian bioethics, it is helpful to follow closely the account of Ruth, who turned away from security and walked alongside her grieving mother-in-law to Bethlehem. Remembering Ruth may help one to heed Professor Kaveny's summoning of Christians to remember "the Order of Widows" and the church's historic calling to bring "the almanah into its center rather than pushing her to its margins." Disabled, elderly and terminally ill people often seem, at least implicitly, expendable. By hearing the scriptural account of Jesus' steadfast great-grandmother, readers may recall another way. One may read Ruth's care for Naomi as a performative, prophetic act of faith. Ruth's faithful resolve, when set next to Orpah's prudent way, challenges the notion that a bioethic of care is innately feminine, and may further call women and men corporately to participate in a kind of care that is strenuous work.
An Experimental Investigation of Fatigue-Crack Growth in Drillstring Tubulars

La propagation des fissures de fatigue dans les aciers des trains de tiges de forage est etudiee au cours d'essais de fatigue par flexion rotation et au cours d'essais de fatigue de corrosion realises dans l'air et dans des boues de forage a base d'eau
Inside an integration project: A case study of the relationship between balancing the curriculum and women's studies

Abstract This paper presents an ‘inside view’ of a federally-funded integration project in a small women's college in the Eastern US from the perspective of the project director. The author illustrates various stages and kinds of ‘Women's Studies’, pointing out that the integration project has resulted in increased Women's Studies course offerings, as well as a minor at the college. She makes distinctions between superficial integration and more profound efforts, which lead to a real struggle between traditional and feminist scholarship.
EPR Spectroscopy Shows That There Are Multiple Closed Nucleotide Pocket States When Kinesin-family Motors Bind To Microtubules With A Triphosphate At The Motor Nucleotide Site

Identifying the conformational changes in kinesin-family motors associated with the binding of nucleotide and microtubules is essential to determining an atomic-level model for the production of force and motion by these molecular motors. We have previously used EPR spectroscopy and diphosphate-state nucleotide-analog spin probes to show that the open nucleotide site closes when kinesin-family motors bind to microtubules. We have extended these studies to kinesin and ncd motors in ATP-analog states. Upon binding to microtubules, probe mobility decreases implying a closing of the nucleotide site. Comparison with the microtubule•motor•diphosphate state shows two differences: 1. In the triphosphate state, there are two spectral components implying two different closed conformations of the nucleotide pocket. The equilibrium between the conformations is independent of temperature. 2. The probe mobilities in the closed triphosphate states are less than those seen in the diphosphate state implying a further closing of the nucleotide pocket in the triphosphate state. 3. To correlate better spectroscopy and structure, molecular dynamics simulations were done on the motor-probe complex. We find the simulated probe mobility for the open x-ray structure is comparable to that observed experimentally in the absence of microtubules. Minehardt et al (2001) proposed an ncd structure with a closed phosphate tube based on myosin x-ray structures. Simulated probe mobility from this structure is comparable to the most immobile of the microtubule•kinesin-motor•triphosphate states. We conclude that the nucleotide pocket is in a closed conformation when kinesin-family motors are bound to nucleotide and microtubules, with the triphosphate states more tightly closed. The most tightly closed state has a phosphate-tube structure apparently similar to myosin.
Enhanced balance associated with coordination training with stochastic resonance stimulation in subjects with functional ankle instability: an experimental trial

Ankle sprains are common injuries that often lead to functional ankle instability (FAI), which is a pathology defined by sensations of instability at the ankle and recurrent ankle sprain injury. Poor postural stability has been associated with FAI, and sports medicine clinicians rehabilitate balance deficits to prevent ankle sprains. Subsensory electrical noise known as stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation has been used in conjunction with coordination training to improve dynamic postural instabilities associated with FAI. However, unlike static postural deficits, dynamic impairments have not been indicative of ankle sprain injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coordination training with or without SR stimulation on static postural stability. Improving postural instabilities associated with FAI has implications for increasing ankle joint stability and decreasing recurrent ankle sprains. This study was conducted in a research laboratory. Thirty subjects with FAI were randomly assigned to either a: 1) conventional coordination training group (CCT); 2) SR stimulation coordination training group (SCT); or 3) control group. Training groups performed coordination exercises for six weeks. The SCT group received SR stimulation during training, while the CCT group only performed coordination training. Single leg postural stability was measured after the completion of balance training. Static postural stability was quantified on a force plate using anterior/posterior (A/P) and medial/lateral (M/L) center-of-pressure velocity (COPvel), M/L COP standard deviation (COPsd), M/L COP maximum excursion (COPmax), and COP area (COParea). Treatment effects comparing posttest to pretest COP measures were highest for the SCT group. At posttest, the SCT group had reduced A/P COPvel (2.3 ± 0.4 cm/s vs. 2.7 ± 0.6 cm/s), M/L COPvel (2.6 ± 0.5 cm/s vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 cm/s), M/L COPsd (0.63 ± 0.12 cm vs. 0.73 ± 0.11 cm), M/L COPmax (1.76 ± 0.25 cm vs. 1.98 ± 0.25 cm), and COParea (0.13 ± 0.03 cm2 vs. 0.16 ± 0.04 cm2) than the pooled means of the CCT and control groups (P < 0.05). Reduced values in COP measures indicated postural stability improvements. Thus, six weeks of coordination training with SR stimulation enhanced postural stability. Future research should examine the use of SR stimulation for decreasing recurrent ankle sprain injury in physically active individuals with FAI.
Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Semantic Integration Deficits in Sentence Processing and Memory

Objectives. We examined the degree to which online sentence processing and offline sentence memory differed among older adults who showed risk for amnestic and nonamnestic varieties of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), based on psychometric classification. Method. Participants (N = 439) read a series of sentences in a self-paced word-by-word reading paradigm for subsequent recall and completed a standardized cognitive test battery. Participants were classified into 3 groups: unimpaired controls (N = 281), amnestic MCI (N = 94), or nonamnestic MCI (N = 64). Results. Relative to controls, both MCI groups had poorer sentence memory and showed reduced sentence wrap-up effects, indicating reduced allocation to semantic integration processes. Wrap-up effects predicted subsequent recall in the control and nonamnestic groups. The amnestic MCI group showed poorer recall than the nonamnestic MCI group, and only the amnestic MCI group showed no relationship between sentence wrap-up and recall. Discussion. Our findings suggest that psychometrically defined sub-types of MCI are associated with unique deficits in sentence processing and can differentiate between the engagement of attentional resources during reading and the effectiveness of engaging attentional resources in producing improved memory.
Peripheral tumors alter neuroinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in female rats.

Abstract Cancer is associated with an increased prevalence of depression. Peripheral tumors induce inflammatory cytokine production in the brain and depressive-like behaviors. Mounting evidence indicates that cytokines are part of a pathway by which peripheral inflammation causes depression. Neuroinflammatory responses to immune challenges can be exacerbated (primed) by prior immunological activation associated with aging, early-life infection, and drug exposure. This experiment tested the hypothesis that peripheral tumors likewise induce neuroinflammatory sensitization or priming. Female rats with chemically-induced mammary carcinomas were injected with either saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 μg/kg; i.p.), and expression of mRNAs involved in the pathway linking inflammation and depression (interleukin-1beta [Il-1β], CD11b, IκBα, indolamine 2,3-deoxygenase [Ido]) was quantified by qPCR in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and frontal cortex, 4 or 24 h post-treatment. In the absence of LPS, hippocampal Il-1β and CD11b mRNA expression were elevated in tumor-bearing rats, whereas Ido expression was reduced. Moreover, in saline-treated rats basal hypothalamic Il-1β and CD11b expression were positively correlated with tumor weight; heavier tumors, in turn, were characterized by more inflammatory, necrotic, and granulation tissue. Tumors exacerbated CNS proinflammatory gene expression in response to LPS: CD11b was greater in hippocampus and frontal cortex of tumor-bearing relative to tumor-free rats, IκBα was greater in hippocampus, and Ido was greater in hypothalamus. Greater neuroinflammatory responses in tumor-bearing rats were accompanied by attenuated body weight gain post-LPS. The data indicate that neuroinflammatory pathways are potentiated, or primed, in tumor-bearing rats, which may exacerbate future negative behavioral consequences.
Dynamic adaptation of quantization thresholds for soft-decision Viterbi decoding with a reinforcement learning neural network

Two reinforcement learning neural network architectures which enhance the performance of a soft-decision Viterbi decoder used for forward error-correction in a digital communication system have been investigated and compared. Each reinforcement learning neural network is designed to work as a co-processor to a demodulator dynamically adapting the soft quantization thresholds toward optimal settings in varying noise environments. The soft quantization thresholds of the demodulator are dynamically adjusted according to the previous performance of the Viterbi decoder, with updates occurring in fixed intervals (every 200 decoded bits out of the Viterbi decoder.) To facilitate implementaiton in digital hardware, each weight of the neural network and related parameters are specified as binary numbers. Computer simulation results demonstrate that, on average, the performance of a Viterbi decoder on an AWGN channel with nonuniformly-spaced soft decision thresholds dynamically adjusted by these neural networks is better than the performance of a Viterbi decoder with uniformly-spaced thresholds. This approach may be used for a variety of other digital communication applications such as channel estimation, adaptive equalization, and signal acquisition.
Work in Progress: Development and Implementation of a Web-Based Resource to Prepare International Faculty for the American Classroom

This paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing faculty study group project on developing an international faculty support system at Virginia Tech. The first stage of this long-term project consists of a website that will serve as a repository of teaching materials and resources to help new and interested international faculty succeed in the American classroom. While it has been established that students need to be culturally competent in the era of globalization, international faculty are challenged by lack of available resources to prepare themselves for a culturally different classroom. Teachers have expressed interest in the relationship between cultural differences and teaching effectiveness [e.g. issues arise in teaching large engineering classes may be due to cultural barriers that exist between students and teachers]. Developed by the collaborations of the International Faculty Study Group and students from a web writing course, this website will serve as the gateway for a more comprehensive international faculty support system.
Cadmium deposition in canine heart and major arteries following intravascular administration of cadmium chloride

The examination of ten arterial specimens from nine experimental dogs shows a generally persistent accumulation of cadmium in the blood vessels following acute cadmium exposure. Gel filtration analysis of the aorta revealed that this vascular cadmium is largely confined to the insoluble cellular compartment. The left and right ventricles of cadmium-treated dogs showed a cadmium deposition which significantly decreased over the five week period subsequent to exposure. Within all three time intervals, heart cadmium exceeded the level in any of the arteries examined. Control heart, renal and subclavian arteries, and ascending and thoracic aorta were all found to contain intrinsic cadmium. Of the arterial specimens examined, cadmium deposition was generally greatest in the renal arteries and lowest in the femoral and popliteal arteries.
Space–time control of nuclear γ-ray superradiance

Nuclear resonant γ-ray absorption has important practical applications through Mossbauer spectroscopy. At synchrotron-radiation facilities, it is most often used in the time domain, i.e. analysis of the temporal patterns after pulsed excitation. In this context, superradiant speedup and directional re-emission are observed. This text proposes ways to manipulate the superradiant emission in energy/time and momentum/space by introducing controlled dynamic-phase shifts using, for example, static or pulsed magnetic fields. Possible applications are discussed, in particular a solution to the prompt-pulse problem, i.e. the massive overload of detectors by the synchrotron-radiation pulses.
Far infrared heterodyne detectors

The characteristics of far infrared detectors are reviewed. Three detectors, the InSb hot electron bolometer, the GaAs Schottky diode and the Josephson point contact junction, have been incorporated as mixers into sensitive heterodyne systems. The performances of existing heterodyne receivers/radiometers are described and compared. Other applications of submillimeter heterodyne techniques are discussed.
Species and sex differences in the screams of chimpanzees and bonobos

We examined screams of chimpanzees and bonobos to investigate interspecific and intraspecific variability in call structure. Measurement of 11 acoustic features of screams revealed differences between and within species. One-way analyses of variance and discriminant function analyses show that the calls of chimpanzees and bonobos differ primarily in spectral characteristics. Spectral features also account for acoustic differences between the sexes. These acoustic variations may be attributable to differences in body size and social dispersion between the two species and sexes. The effectiveness with which an acoustic feature could be used to discriminate the two species and female bonobos from male bonobos is negatively associated with its relative variability. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that optimal signals for group identification vary little within groups but differ widely between groups.
Computational models of the failing myocyte: relating altered gene expression to cellular function

Studies of both message and expressed protein levels in patients and animal models of heart failure (HF) have demonstrated reduced message levels of genes encoding outward potassium (K+) currents in endstage HF. These same studies have also shown altered expression of calciumhandling proteins, specifically down regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ATPase, and up regulation of the Na+Ca2 exchanger. We have tested the hypothesis that this minimal model of endstage HF can account for action potential (AP) prolongation, and reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and decay rate observed in failing myocytes. To do this, we have developed a computer model of the normal and failing canine myocyte that describes properties of both membrane currents as well as intracellular calcium cycling. Model simulations closely reproduce AP and Ca2+ transient properties measured experimentally in failing myocytes. Simulations also indicate that the predominant mechanism of AP prolongation in canine HF is reduction of Ca...
The factor invariance of student ratings of instruction under three sets of directions

This research addressed itself to the issue of the validity of student ratings of instruction, describing and comparing the factor patterns obtained under three different sets of directions. Graduate education students (n=414) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: administrator use, instructor use, and student use. Subjects in each condition received a different cover letter which explained the purported use to which their ratings were to be put and which asked them to rate their course and instructor on a 33-item rating scale. Data were factor analyzed using principal-axes factor method followed by an oblique transformation. The factor patterns obtained were then compared using the coefficient of congruence. While two clusters (organization/structure and rapport/interaction) emerged across all three conditions, a third cluster appeared which was unique to each condition. The coefficients of congruence obtained generally indicated that the factors could not be considered invariant across the three conditions.
Measuring emergency physicians' work: factoring in clinical hours, patients seen, and relative value units into 1 metric.

Measuring workplace performance is important to emergency department management. If an unreliable model is used, the results will be inaccurate. Use of inaccurate results to make decisions, such as how to distribute the incentive pay, will lead to rewarding the wrong people and will potentially demoralize top performers. This article demonstrates a statistical model to reliably measure the work accomplished, which can then be used as a performance measurement. [West J Emerg Med.2012;13(2):176–180.]
The Accommodations of Joseph and Mary in Bethlehem: Κατάλυμα in Luke 2.7*

The identity of the κατάλυμα in Luke 2.7 has been debated among Western scholars for over five hundred years. Proposals have ranged from an inn to a guest room. This article argues that the term κατάλυμα has a generic sense of ‘place to stay’ and that the final clause of Luke 2.7 should be rendered ‘because they had no space in their place to stay’. Moreover, three clues in the context—Joseph's compliance with the census order, the betrothal of Mary, and the manger—suggest that the accommodations presupposed by Luke are a marital chamber too small for giving birth.
Thermal decomposition pathways of hydroxylamine: theoretical investigation on the initial steps.

Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is an unstable compound at room temperature, and it has been involved in two tragic industrial incidents. Although experimental studies have been carried out to study the thermal stability of hydroxylamine, the detailed decomposition mechanism is still in debate. In this work, several density functional and ab initio methods were used in conjunction with several basis sets to investigate the initial thermal decomposition steps of hydroxylamine, including both unimolecular and bimolecular reaction pathways. The theoretical investigation shows that simple bond dissociations and unimolecular reactions are unlikely to occur. The energetically favorable initial step of decomposition pathways was determined as a bimolecular isomerization of hydroxylamine into ammonia oxide with an activation barrier of ∼25 kcal/mol at the MPW1K level of theory. Because hydroxylamine is available only in aqueous solutions, solvent effects on the initial decomposition pathways were also studied using water c...
Long-term plasmapheresis and protein A column treatment of recurrent FSGS.

Transient or intermittent plasmapheresis with concurrent immunosuppressive therapy is thought to be beneficial in the treatment of recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in the early post-transplant period. The results of long-term (6-year) plasmapheresis therapy, in a 9-year-old female with an immediate recurrence of FSGS [urinary protein/urinary creatinine (UP/UC)=17.7] after cadaveric renal transplant, are presented. A 4-week plasmapheresis course induced a decline in the proteinuria, but a relapse occurred after cessation of plasmapheresis. Addition of protein A column therapy led to a further decrease in the proteinuria, to a non-nephrotic range. Long-term control of the nephrotic syndrome was established using a chronic treatment regimen consisting of a single-volume plasmapheresis, followed by a protein A column treatment, performed on sequential days every 3–4 weeks. Mean UP/UC values decreased to 1.15±0.9. A course of cyclophosphamide was successfully used to control a worsening of proteinuria 4 years post transplant. Although sequential renal biopsies demonstrated progressive glomerular sclerosis, the patient’s mean calculated creatinine clearance only modestly declined from 78.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2, at the time of transplantation, to 62.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 6 years later. This patient demonstrated dependence on plasmapheresis/protein A column therapy to maintain a clinical remission of her FSGS recurrence. While long-term plasmapheresis and protein A column therapy in combination with immunosuppressive therapy reversed the effects of uncontrolled nephrosis and possibly facilitated long-term renal allograft survival, the glomerular sclerosis continued to progress.
Percutaneous Tracheostomy at the Bedside 13 Tips for Improving Safety and Success

We have developed a set of routines and practices in the course of performing a large series (n = 70) of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT). The 13 tips discussed in this review fall into 4 categories. System factors that facilitate training, patient safety, and avoidance of crises including the use of appropriate personnel, importance of timing, use of premedication, and the utility and content of a preprocedure briefing. Suggestions to prevent loss of the airway include tips on airway assessment, preparation of airway equipment, and use of exchange catheter techniques. Strategies to avoid and manage both microvascular and large-vessel bleeding are discussed. We also discuss the management of common postprocedure problems including tracheostomy tube obstruction, malposition requiring tube exchange or replacement, and air leak. The practical considerations for successful execution of PDT involve common sense, thorough planning, and structured approaches to prevent adverse effects if the procedure does not go as smoothly as expected. These strategies will aid anesthesiologists and intensivists in improving their comfort level, safety, and competence in performing this beside procedure.
Understanding the propagation of hard errors to software and implications for resilient system design

With continued CMOS scaling, future shipped hardware will be increasingly vulnerable to in-the-field faults. To be broadly deployable, the hardware reliability solution must incur low overheads, precluding use of expensive redundancy. We explore a cooperative hardware-software solution that watches for anomalous software behavior to indicate the presence of hardware faults. Fundamental to such a solution is a characterization of how hardware faults indifferent microarchitectural structures of a modern processor propagate through the application and OS.This paper aims to provide such a characterization, resulting in identifying low-cost detection methods and providing guidelines for implementation of the recovery and diagnosis components of such a reliability solution. We focus on hard faults because they are increasingly important and have different system implications than the much studied transients. We achieve our goals through fault injection experiments with a microarchitecture-level full system timing simulator. Our main results are: (1) we are able to detect 95% of the unmasked faults in 7 out of 8 studied microarchitectural structures with simple detectors that incur zero to little hardware overhead; (2) over 86% of these detections are within latencies that existing hardware checkpointing schemes can handle, while others require software checkpointing; and (3) a surprisingly large fraction of the detected faults corrupt OS state, but almost all of these are detected with latencies short enough to use hardware checkpointing, thereby enabling OS recovery in virtually all such cases.
Employment Skills for 21st Century Workplace: The Gap Between Faculty and Student Perceptions

Nonparametric analysis showed significant differences existed between U.S. students (n=214) and international students (n=44) in the areas of leadership, creativity, and the value of a 2ndlanguage. The analysis also showed significant differences between faculty members and U.S. students in the areas of management, time management, personal management, critical thinking, problem solving, writing, speaking, and leadership and between faculty members and international students in the areas of time management, personal management, critical thinking, writing, speaking, listening, ethics, and the value of a 2ndlanguage.
Preparando 'mandarines': apuntes sobre la historia de la ciencia administrativa y su enseñanza en Nueva Granada durante la Colonia y comienzos de la República, 1590-1850.

En este articulo, a traves del analisis de algunos trabajos de autores europeos de los siglos XVI al XIX, y la reconstruccion al menos parcial del contexto historico en que se enmarcaron, se intenta entender no solo un fragmento oscuro de la historia de las ideas y la 'ciencia' administrativa en Colombia sino, mas importante aun, tambien para entrever aspectos significativos de la historia social y politica de entonces. Ademas, se muestra el grado creciente de abstraccion de los escritos sobre el manejo de lo estatal, abstraccion que llevo de analisis casuisticos sobre la 'policia' a analisis mas generales sobre 'la economia politica', y culmino con elaboraciones supuestamente tecnicas y neutras ('cientificas') sobre la 'ciencia de la administracion publica'.
Lobular carcinoma in situ as a component of breast cancer: the long-term outcome in patients treated with breast-conservation therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term outcome of breast cancer patients with a compoflent $bibi&u carcinoma in situ (LCIS) treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: The pathology reports of all patients treated with conservative surgery aud radlatlon therapy at our institution prior to 1992 were reviewed to identify patients who bad LCIS as a bistoltogic component. A total of 51 patients were identified. Primary histology of the 51 patients was as follows: 93% i&trating lobular, 20% invasive and intraductal, 18% invasive ductal, 10% in&ad&al. There were no patients treated who bad LCIS only. One thousand forty-five patients treated conservatively during tbe same time interval witbout LCIS served as a control group. All patient characteristics, staging, treatment and outcome variables were entered into a computer database. Results: As of 3/96, the medlan follow-up for the LCIS-containing group and control group was 10.6 and 11.4 years, respectively. There were no signilkant differences in age of presentation, cllulcal stage, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, or adjuvant therapy received between the two groups. Twenty-two patients (43%) in the LCIS group underwent reexcision. Of those, 69% bad residual LCIS in the reexclskm spe&men. LCIS was characterized as focal in 29%) dlffuse in 25%, and not specitled in all other cases. Tbe primary hi&u&y of the two populations dlffered signillcantly with a larger percentage of hrflltrating lobnlar primaries in tbe LCIS group (53 vs. 5%, p c 0.001). The LCIS group also differed from the control group with respect to the percentage of patients with bilateral disease (17 vs. 8%, p = 0.05), and the percentage of patients with “false negative” mammograms (20 vs. lo%, p = 0.02). There was no statistically signlkmt difference between the LCIS group and control group in the lo-year overall survival (67 vs. 72%), distant disease-free survival (62 vs. 79%), or ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence-free survival (77% LCIS vs. 84% control). Conclusion: Patients with LCIS as a histologic component of breast cancer do not carry a worse prognosis tban breast cancer patients without an LCIS component. Furthermore, the comparable local control rates between conservatively treated patients with or without LCIS suggests that patients with a histologic component of LCIS are suitable candidates for conservative surgery and radiation therapy. 0 1998 Elsevler Sciince Inc. Lobular neoplasm, Lobular carcinoma in situ, Radiation therapy, Conservative surgery.
Sulfur Availability and the SAC1 Gene Control Adenosine Triphosphate Sulfurylase Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sulfurylase cDNA clone (pATS1) was selected by complementing a mutation in the ATP sulfurylase gene (cysD) of Escherichia coli. E. coli cysD strains harboring pATS1 grow on medium containing sulfate as the sole sulfur source and exhibit ATP sulfurylase activity. The amino acid sequence of the C. reinhardtii ATP sulfurylase, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the complementing gene (ATS1), is 25 to 40% identical to that of ATP sulfurylases in other eukaryotic organisms and has a putative transit peptide at its amino terminus. ATP sulfurylase mRNA was present when cells were grown in sulfur-replete medium, but accumulated to higher levels when the cells were exposed to sulfur-limiting conditions. Furthermore, sulfur-stress-induced accumulation of the ATS1 transcript was reduced in a strain defective in SAC1, a gene that is critical for acclimation to sulfur-limited growth.
Attachment Style, Interpersonal Perception Accuracy, and Relationship Satisfaction in Dating Couples

This study investigated associations between attachment style, partner perception accuracy, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 61 undergraduate dating couples. Each partner completed questionnaires assessing own attachment style, own feelings about the relationship, and perceptions of the partner’s feelings about the relationship. Results indicated that more avoidantly attached men and more anxiously attached individuals of both sexes reported lower relationship satisfaction. However, only anxiously attached men showed consistently lower accuracy in perceiving their partner’s feelings about the relationship. The lower satisfaction among anxiously attached men could be partially explained by their lower accuracy in perceiving their partner’s feelings of love, and this lower accuracy was not due to the partner’s self-reported level of communication. Implications of the results in terms of understanding how attachment style influences interpersonal communication and relationship quality are discussed.
Improved schemes for power-efficient broadcast in ad hoc networks

Ad hoc wireless networks are a special type of wireless network in which a collection of mobile hosts (nodes) with wireless network interfaces may form a temporary network without base-stations. How to design an energy efficient broadcast algorithm is very important. In this paper, we propose scalable broadcast algorithms based on reducing the number of forwarding nodes and the transmission range. Simulations show that our schemes use the least energy so far. Furthermore, the two aspects can be combined for less energy consumption and by considering the residue energy in each host, the lifetime of the network can be prolonged.
A Commentary on Social Media Research From the Perspective of a Sport Communication Journal Editor

This Twitter Research Forum essay by International Journal of Sport Communication (IJSC) Editor and leading strategic sport media scholar Paul Pedersen provides an important perspective on the challenges encountered by scholarly journals to the rise of interest in social media and sport. Using metrics on the content of articles published in IJSC, Pedersen notes publications concerning social media and sport have now reached parity with research on legacy media in electronic and print forms. Pedersen observes that because social media data are often readily available, scholars can quickly produce social media thematic/content analyses and surveys and that these are less taxing and time consuming when compared to other methods appropriate to studying other topics. This has resulted in a seeming avalanche of social media and sport submissions and raises questions about whether journals focused exclusively on digital media and sport are needed. The rise in submissions has presented challenges in selecting app...
Multicast routing under optical layer constraints

It has been widely recognized that physical layer impairments, including power losses, must be taken into account when routing optical connections in transparent networks. In this paper we study the problem of constructing light-trees under optical layer power budget constraints, with a focus on algorithms which can guarantee a certain level of quality for the signals received by the destination nodes. We define a new constrained light-tree routing problem by introducing a set of constraints on the source-destination paths to account for the power losses at the optical layer. We investigate a number of variants of this problem, we characterize their complexity, and we develop a suite of corresponding routing algorithms; one of the algorithms is appropriate for networks with sparse light splitting and/or limited splitting fanout. We find that, in order to guarantee an adequate signal quality and to scale to large destination sets, light-trees must be as balanced as possible. Numerical results demonstrate that existing algorithms tend to construct highly unbalanced trees, and are thus expected to perform poorly in an optical network setting. Our algorithms, on the other hand, are designed to construct balanced trees which, in addition to having good performance in terms of signal quality, they also ensure a certain degree of fairness among destination nodes. While we only consider power loss in this work, the algorithms we develop could be appropriately modified to account for other physical layer impairments, such as dispersion.
Timing of the decision to remain voluntarily childless: evidence for continuous socialization.

Some women decide to remain childless at an early stage in their lives while other women reach a decision to remain childless only after repeatedly postponing childbearing for a number of years after marriage. Early deciders referred to as early articulators were compared to late deciders referred to as postponer in regard to family background characteristics and reference group support for childlessness. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 early articulators and 32 late deciders. Postponers and early articulators were similar in regard to many background and demographic characteristics. 95% of the early articulators and 97% of the postponers were employed. 53% of the early articulators and 50% of the postponers had more than 4 years of college education. 58% of the early articulators and 50% of the postponers had no religion. Early articulators compared to postponers were more likely to have had parents who stressed achievement and more likely to provide their children with less warmth and affection. Early articulators also experienced more social distance from their parents during adolescence. Perhaps early articulators grew up with less desire to participate in family life as adults. Postponers compared to early articulators were more likely to have had parents who stressed independence and autonomy but who were more likely to provide their children with a high degree of warmth and affection. Postponers had little reason to reject participation in family life as adults. However their strong sense of autonomy and independence made them more likely to adopt a style of life which would permit them to retain their independence rather than submitting to the demands of children. Postponers were also more likely to receive reference group support for childlessness than early articulators. 3.6% of the early articulators and 3.1% of the postponers had a history of previous divorce. All the study participants were married at the time of interview. 74% of the early articulators and 31% of the postponers relied on sterilization for pregnancy prevention.
An evaluation of race and sex identification from cranial measurements.

A total of 104 adult human crania (95 American Indian and 9 Labrador Eskimo) are used in this evaluation of a discriminant functional analysis for determining race and sex from eight cranial measurements. The methods used are those given by Giles and Elliot ('62). The study shows that non-deformed American Indian crania are racially misclassified as American White and Negro in 35.6% of the cases when using this metrical method. Deformed Indian crania are racially misclassified 60.0% and 4.4% of the time as White and Negro respectively. The determination of sex on male crania, regardless of deformation, is as accurate as, or better than, the visual method of identification. The female crania, however, are shown to be incorrectly sexed in nearly 50% of the cases, with one non-deformed group (Palus) running as high as 80.0%. This evaluation suggests, therefore, that discriminant functional analyses for race and / or sex determinations are not applicable to problems of human identification unless the crania are from that population on which these functions were established.
R-peak Detection and Signal Averaging for Simulated Stress ECG using EMD

This study used empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for R-peak detection in electrocardiogram signals in the presence of electromyogram-like noise. The EMG was modeled as random white Gaussian noise with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the range of around -10 dB to -20 dB. The EMD-based R-peak detection technique gives results comparable to those obtained with the Pan-Tompkins algorithm. The EMD technique is implemented for filtering of noisy ECG signals and is further compared with a traditional low-pass filtering approach. Finally signal averaging is performed using the EMD-based R-peak detection and filtering approach and compared with the standard signal averaging technique. We conclude that the EMD based technique for R-peak detection and filtering shows promise for enhancement of the stress ECG.
Regulation of Facilitative Glucose Transporters and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA Signaling via Estradiol and Progesterone in the Mouse Uterine Epithelium

Adequate uterine glucose metabolism is an essential part of embryo implantation and the development of an adequate utero-fetal environment. However, expression of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs [solute transporter family SLC2A]) and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA (PRKAA) signaling has not been described in the mouse uterine cells, to our knowledge. The objective of this study was to determine the hormonal regulation of SLC2A protein expression and AKT/MAPK/PRKAA signaling in the mouse uterine epithelial cells during estrous cycles and peri-implantation periods. SLC2As 1, 4, 8, and 9B were highly expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelia of estrous stage. In metestrous and diestrous stages, expression of SLC2As 1, 4, 8, and 9B was lower than that in proestrous stage. Levels of activated phospho-AKT (p-AKT), p-MAPK3, and p-MAPK1 also varied during the estrous cycle. Estrogen and progesterone injection in an ovariectomized mouse (delayed implantation model) resulted in a decrease and an increase, respectively, in expression of GLUTs in the luminal epithelial cells of the uterus. The expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A8, SLC2A9B, p-AKT, p-MAPK3/1, and p-PRKAA was increased in the decidual region of the implantation sites and was significantly increased in the uterus of activated implantation. Using an artificial decidualization mouse model, it was also demonstrated that expression of the same GLUTs, p-MAPK3/1, and p-PRKAA was dramatically higher in the decidualized uteri than that in the control uteri. These results suggest that steroid hormones regulate expression of uterine epithelial GLUTs possibly through AKT/MAPK/PRKAA signaling pathways and that glucose utilization may have an important role in decidualization and possibly in the maintenance of pregnancy.
Nationalism in National Geographic Magazine, 1888-1923

The National Geographic Magazine was first published in October 1888. Its mission statements both at the time of inception and in present day reflect an effort to bring the world to American readers, as well as its aim to educate and inform readers about other countries, species, and cultures. However, during the magazine’s first three decades in print, the United States underwent major changes and was rapidly developing into one of the world’s most powerful nations. National Geographic heavily covered three specific events during this time period: the Spanish-American War, the colonization of Cuba and the Philippines, and the creation of the first national parks. This coverage presented readers with strong nationalist opinions that broadcast views of American superiority. In this analysis of those early articles, the magazine’s nationalist sentiments become evident through primary and secondary examples, and its original and current mission statements are brought into question. The National Geographic readers know today was once a very different publication due to its reflection of current events and a changing American attitude toward other countries.
Comparison of potential markers of farnesyltransferase inhibition

Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) were developed to target abnormal signaling pathways that are commonly activated in neoplastic cells. Five FTIs have recently undergone Phase I testing; and two are currently in Phase II clinical trials. As part of the development of these agents, there has been interest in determining their cellular effects in the clinical setting. Several approaches have been proposed, including measurement of FT enzymatic activity, evaluation of the processing of FT polypeptide substrates, and assessment of the accumulation of p21waf1. In the present study, a number of these assays have been compared in four cultured human neoplastic cell lines of different histology (A549, HCT116, BxPC-3, and MCF-7) after treatment with the nonpeptidomimetic FTI SCH66336 and the peptidomimetic inhibitor FTI-277. Immunoblotting studies failed to demonstrate a mobility shift in ras proteins or increased accumulation of p21waf1 after treatment with these agents. In contrast, drug-induced increases in the slower migrating, unprocessed species of the chaperone protein HDJ-2 and the intranuclear intermediate filament protein lamin A were detected in all four cell lines after treatment with either agent. Unprocessed forms of both polypeptides accumulated in noncycling as well as cycling cells. The precursor peptide that is present in prelamin A but absent from mature lamin A could be readily detected by immunohistochemistry in noncycling cells with a peptide-specific antiserum. Our results indicate that unprocessed HDJ-2 and prelamin A should be suitable markers of FT inhibition in clinical samples.