cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiported pulsed valve interface for a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer to enable rapid screening of multiple functional-group selective ion-molecule reactions.

Ion–molecule reactions provide a powerful tool for structural elucidation of ionized pharmaceutical analytes in tandem mass spectrometry. However, all previous interfaces for the introduction of re...
The Complex Decision-Making Processes of Rural Emerging Adults: Counseling beyond Dualism.

Rural adolescents approach the transition out of high school with individual concerns about making an emotionally or financially expensive “mistake,” family concerns about young people leaving home, and national and local concerns about declining rural economies and out-migration. The literature concerning this topic considers factors that influence youth aspirations in rural areas, such as economic barriers, the way higher education is valued, and perceptions of rural places as lacking in opportunity. However, there has been little study of the myriad interpersonal, emotional, and self-identity inputs that are part of the decision-making processes of rural emerging adults, and little is known about how the aspirations of rural youth play out over time. This article, based on the findings of a qualitative longitudinal study, considers the way rural emerging adults weighed options, understood constraints and opportunities, and took action on behalf of their aspirations to make something meaningful of their...
Graphene Oxide-Promoted Reshaping and Coarsening of Gold Nanorods and Nanoparticles

This paper describes thermally induced reshaping and coarsening behaviors of gold nanorods and nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of graphene oxide. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-stabilized gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of ∼3.5 (54:15 nm) and glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles with an average core size of ∼3 nm were synthesized and self-assembled onto the surface of graphene oxide. The hybrid materials were then heated at different temperatures ranging from 50 to 300 °C. The effects of heat treatments were monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results were directly compared with those of heat-treated free-standing gold nanorods and nanoparticles without graphene oxide to understand the heat-induced morphological changes of the nanohybrids. The obtained results showed that the gold nanorods would undergo a complete reshaping to spherical particles at the temperature of 50 °C when they are assembled on graphene oxide. In comparison, the complete...
The Clinical Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Overexposure to Agrochemicals

Pesticides are the most toxic agrochemicals, and the World Health Organization estimates that 3 million acute pesticide poisonings occur yearly worldwide, with about 220,000 deaths. Others estimate the annual global toll of poisonings at 25 million. The cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates and N-methyl carbamates) are the chemical pesticides most commonly implicated in poisonings, but other pesticides, including herbicides, fungicides, and fumigants, may cause illness. Despite these numbers, even rural clinicians rarely see agrochemical poisonings. While many assays are available only at specialty laboratories, the informed laboratory specialist can help enormously in solving puzzling cases, obtaining important legal evidence, and ruling out exposure when not present.
Electrical Stimuli Patterned After the Theta-Rhythm Induce Multiple Forms of LTP

The induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by high-frequency stimulation is considered an acceptable model for the study of learning and memory. In area CA1 calcium influx throughN-methyl-d-aspa...
Effectiveness of Bibliographic Data Bases for Retrieving Entomological Literature: A Lesson Based on the Membracoidea (Homoptera)

Data are presented on the cost and effectiveness of eight data bases (AGRICOLA, AGRIS INTERNATIONAL, BIOSIS PREVIEWS, CAB ABSTRACTS, DISSERTATIONS ABSTRACTS ONLINE, LIFE SCIENCES COLLECTION (Cambridge Science Abstracts), SCISEARCH, and ZOOLOGICAL RECORD) in retrieving basic and applied literature on treehoppers (Homoptera: Membracoidea) for the years 1981 – 1987. The combined search of these data bases using 12 key words retrieved only 53% of the total relevant items that we found using a broader range of bibliographic techniques. Current data on coverage of the data bases, a basis for predicting useful data base combinations, and suggestions for improving bibliographic retrieval of entomological publications are included.
Sudden Cardiac Death in Multi-Ethnic Populations

Risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) varies greatly by ethnicity, and is particularly high in African Americans as compared to Caucasians. The reasons for these racial differences are unclear but are likely multifactorial. Possible differences in coronary and non-coronary risk factors, socioeconomic factors, and genetic factors should all be considered when investigating this observed racial disproportionality in SCD risk. Furthermore, there is a relative paucity of data on the risk of SCD in non-African American minorities, including Asian Americans and Latinos. In this paper, we will review traditional and contemporary data describing these racial differences and potential explanations for them. A careful examination of the racial differences in SCD risk can not only assist in identifying high risk populations and those who may be targeted for early intervention, but can also provide insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SCD.
Bending and Break-Up of Light Beams by Nonlinear Interfaces: A Soliton-Based Equivalent Particle Approach

In these lectures I will illustrate how the spatial soliton plays a fundamental role as a robust, particle-like object which can be manipulated to switch or spatially scan collimated light channels or optical pulses which are incident at an oblique angle to an interface separating two or more self-focussing Kerr slab dielectrics. The underlying equivalent particle/multiparticle theory can also be employed to predict stability properties of nonlinear surface or guided waves, to derive an analytic expression for the nonlinear Goos-Hanchen shift at a nonlinear interface and to quantify the effect of material diffusion, linear and two-photon absorption on the switching behaviour of the light beam. Pulsed spatial switching effects will illustrate the general predictive power of the equivalent particle theory.
In the Aftermath of Earth, Wind, and Fire: Natural Disasters and Respect for Women’s Rights

Though much research has been devoted to a range of socioeconomic and political consequences of natural disasters, little is known about the possible gendered effects of disasters beyond the well-documented immediate effects on women’s physical well-being. This paper explores the extent to which natural disasters affect women’s economic and political rights in disaster-hit countries. We postulate that natural disasters are likely to contribute to the rise of systematic gendered discrimination by impairing state capacity for rights protection as well as instigating economic and political instability conducive to women’s rights violations. To substantiate the theoretical claims, we combine data on women’s economic and political rights with data on nine different natural disaster events—droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, extreme temperatures, floods, slides, volcanic eruptions, windstorms, and wildfires. Results from the data analysis for the years 1990–2011 suggest that natural disasters have a detrimental effect on the level of respect for both women’s economic and political rights. One major policy implication of our findings is that disasters could be detrimental to women’s status beyond the immediate effects on their personal livelihoods, and thus, policymakers, relief organizations, and donors should develop strategies to prevent gendered discrimination in the economy and political sphere in the affected countries.
Story structure for programmers, designers, animators, and artists

This course has been designed for technical directors, artists, animators, modelers, programmers, and designers whose work is essential in making "the story" come to life. This information can be particularly useful when communicating with screenwriters, directors, producers, and supervisors. This course answers the question "what is story?" Entertaining with numerous clips to show how this has been used in animation, games, and VFX.The purpose is to take the mystery out of "what is story" for those programmers, artists, and game designers whose work is essential in making Animation, VFX, and Games successful. The attendees will know the basic elements of story, so the next time a producer or director talk about what they want for the story, they will know what specific story benchmarks the producer/director are trying to meet in connecting emotionally with an audience. This course will build from the knowledge that story "is a sequence of events (acts) that builds to a climax...." and then lays out the universal elements of story that make up plot, character development, and narrative structure.This course emphasizes story elements in context (i.e. theme, character, setting, conflict etc.) and their relationship to classic story structure (i.e. setup, inciting incident, rising action, climax, resolution etc.). It analyzes conflict (i.e. internal, external, environmental), turning points, cause & effect, archetype vs stereotypes, inciting incident, and how choice defines character. In all stories there must be questions raised: What is at stake (i.e. survival, safety, love, esteem, etc.)? What is going to motivate (inciting incident) the main character (protagonist)? Will that be enough to move them from the ordinary (where they are comfortable) to go out into a different world (where the action takes place)?, and How will the character "change"(necessary for all dramatic stories)? These are just a few of the storytelling elements necessary to structure a solid story. This course is for all whose work makes the story better but their job isn't creating the story.
Focused ion beams for nano-machining and imaging

Abstract: This chapter discusses focused ion beams (FIB) and how they can be utilized for nano-machining and imaging. Following a brief history of FIB, four different types of ion sources are described, and the optics used to focus them. Following a description of the interactions of ions with matter that cause the removal of material by sputtering, which is useful for micro-machining, and the generation of electrons, which are useful for imaging, examples of ion milling, deposition of material, imaging, and spectroscopy at the nanoscale are given.
Skin-Limited Graft-versus-Host Disease after Pancreatic Transplantation

Introduction. The phenomenon of graft-versus-host disease, a solid organ transplant recipient, is a rare development with a very poor prognosis. Case Presentation. A 40-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes developed cutaneous graft-versus-host disease following second pancreas transplantation. Conclusion. The development of a nonspecific rash in the early posttransplant period following a pancreas transplant warrants suspicion for graft-versus-host disease.
Online searching and learning: YUM and other search tools for children and teachers

Information discovery tasks using online search tools are performed on a regular basis by school-age children. However, these tools are not necessarily designed to both explicitly facilitate the retrieval of resources these young users can comprehend and aid low-literacy searchers. This is of particular concern for educational environments, as there is an inherent expectation that these tools facilitate effective learning. In this manuscript we present an initial assessment conducted over (1) children-oriented search tools based on queries generated by K-9 students, analyzing features such as readability and adequacy of retrieved results, and (2) tools used by teachers in their classrooms, analyzing their main purpose and target audience’s age range. Among the examined tools, we include YouUnderstood.Me, an enhanced search environment, which is the result of our ongoing efforts on the development of a search environment tailored to 5-15 year-olds that can foster learning through the retrieval of materials that not only satisfy the information needs of these users but also match their reading abilities. The results of these studies highlight the fact that search results presented to children have average reading levels that do not match the target audience. In addition, tools oriented to teachers do not go beyond showing the progress of their students, and seldomly provide a simple way of retrieving class contents that fit current needs of students. These facts further showcase the need for developing a dual environment oriented to both teachers and students.
Evaluation of the ITER data archiving network API on the DIII-D tokamak

Abstract The systems responsible for the archival and access of data at ITER will play a critical role from the very start of tokamak operations. Ensuring the readiness of the software being developed to handle the large amounts of data to be streamed to the archive systems will be of great importance and require extensive testing. To assist in this validation DIII-D offers the flexibility and means for testing on an operational tokamak. Because of the extensive experience gained in supporting data archiving and retrieval for a large and varied set of diagnostics and in-house expertise in Linux based systems, DIII-D is able to provide a uniquely qualified test platform to fully exercise ITER's software. In this paper, we report on the work that was recently performed to setup a data acquisition and archiving test system connected to live diagnostics for the purpose of evaluating the performance and completeness of the ITER Data Archiving Network Application Program Interface (DAN API). Diagnostic data that was made available and examined for archiving into the ITER DAN included data such as plasma current, bolometry, electron density, soft x-ray signals, visible camera images, data from the Thomson scattering and Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) systems. The hardware used for the test system was comprised of two high performing archiver computers and two data acquisition streamer computers. The archiver nodes were configured with 64 GB of RAM and 1 TB of fast solid state drive storage, and networked to the acquisition computers in a local 10 Gb/s network. This configuration was chosen in order to push performance limits and test data streaming and archiving to the ITER DAN at rates of up to 1 Gb/s from multiple archive sources.
Use of crisis management interventions among suicidal patients: Results of a randomized controlled trial.

Background Previous research supports the efficacy of the crisis response plan (CRP) for the reduction of suicidal behaviors as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Patient perspectives and use of the CRP, and their relationship to later suicidal thoughts, remain unknown. Methods A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing a standard CRP (S-CRP), a CRP enhanced with reasons for living (E-CRP), and TAU in a sample of 97 active-duty U.S. Army personnel was conducted. Participants were asked about their use, perceptions, and recall of each intervention. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the conditional effects of intervention use, perceptions, and recall on severity of suicide ideation during follow-up. Results Across all treatment groups, over 80% of participants retained their written CRP up to 6 months later, but less than 25% had the written plan in their physical possession at the time of each assessment. Participants in S-CRP and E-CRP were more likely to recall self-management strategies and sources of social support. Participants in TAU were more likely to recall use of professional healthcare services and crisis management services. All three interventions were rated as highly useful. More frequent use of the E-CRP and recall of its components were associated with significantly reduced suicide ideation as compared to TAU. Conclusions Both CRPs have high acceptability ratings. The effect of both CRPs on reduced suicide ideation is associated with patient recall of components. More frequent use of the E-CRP is associated with larger reductions in suicide ideation.
Improve the efficiency of the Cartesian tensor based fast multipole method for Coulomb interaction using the traces

Abstract To compute the non-oscillating mutual interaction for a system with N points, the fast multipole method (FMM) has an efficiency that scales linearly with the number of points. Specifically, for Coulomb interaction, FMM can be constructed using either the spherical harmonic functions or the totally symmetric Cartesian tensors. In this paper, we will present that the efficiency of the Cartesian tensor based FMM for the Coulomb interaction can be significantly improved by implementing the traces of the Cartesian tensors in calculation to reduce the independent elements of the n-th rank totally symmetric Cartesian tensor from ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) / 2 to 2 n + 1 . The computation complexity for the operations in FMM are analyzed and expressed as polynomials of the highest rank of the Cartesian tensors. For most operations, the complexity is reduced by one order. Numerical examples regarding the convergence and the efficiency of the new algorithm are demonstrated. A reduction of computation time up to 50% has been observed for moderate number of points and rank of tensors.
Talking to Pauling's ghost.

Michelle Francl dusts off Pauling’s notes on bonding to explore the illusory link between electron promotion and hybridization.
Electronic Correlation in Electron-Atom Scattering

The quantitative theory of electronic correlation effects in low-energy electron scattering by complex target atoms is reviewed.
The Golgi Apparatus: Structure and Function

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. The basic ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus is relatively consistent throughout both the animal and plant kingdoms. The Golgi apparatus is readily observed in the living cell under the phase contrast microscope, where it generally appears comparable to that seen following the metallic impregnation methods. Metallic impregnation shows the Golgi apparatus as a dense, somewhat pleomorphic and ill-defined morphological structure. Early studies revealed its form to vary greatly in different types of cells and in the same cells depending on their state of activity. It may exist as a compact mass or be dispersed through the cytoplasm as isolated fragments. It has been described as a filamentous or platelike reticulum, a network of varying degrees of complexity, an arrangement of clear canals, vacuoles of varying size and crescent, cup or diskshaped bodies (dictyosomes) composed of an outer rim of osmiophilic substance (“Golgi externum”) and an inner central portion of osmiophobic substance (“Golgi internum”). Electron microscope studies served to confirm and strengthen the classical concept of the Golgi apparatus and to clearly show its complex nature. Golgi complex might be involved in the synthesis of this cell product or to what extent it might be dealing with the secretory product in other ways. In some cells, it appears that the Golgi complex may collaborate with other cell organelles in the production of complex or heterogeneous secretory product. Other complex functions are also discussed in the chapter.
Measurement of cryogenic target position and implosion core offsets on OMEGA

Cryogenic target implosions currently performed on the University of Rochester's OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] are of deuterium–tritium-filled polystyrene shells held at near the triple point temperature (∼20 K) inside a cooled shroud that must be retracted from around the target just before the target is illuminated by OMEGA. As a consequence, impulses may be imparted to the target stalk, causing the target to depart from its ideal position centered at the aim point of the laser beams. The positions of cryogenic targets at the start of the laser pulse are determined in this work by comparing the positions of images of the cryogenic target implosion to that of a non-cryogenic target implosion that is accurately centered on the aim point of the beams. Images are taken from an array of up to five digitally recorded, x-ray pinhole cameras. Positions of the resultant implosion cores are determined along a single line of sight from x-ray images of these cores taken with an x-ray microscope operating in the time-integrated mode. The offsets of the cryogenic-target cores relative to the non-cryogenic-target cores are found to have a magnitude and direction consistent with the core forming in the direction of the target offset at the start of the laser pulse. The inferred offsets are therefore consistent with each other within errors. Neutron yields are seen to be affected by the target offset although with considerable scatter.
Transcriptome analysis of Azospirillum brasilense vegetative and cyst states reveals large-scale alterations in metabolic and replicative gene expression

Several Gram-negative soil bacteria have the ability to differentiate into dormant cysts when faced with harsh environmental conditions. For example, when challenged with nutrient deprivation or desiccation, the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense differentiates from a replicative and motile rod-shaped vegetative cell into a non-motile dormant spherical cyst. Currently, little is known about either the metabolic differences that exist between vegetative and cyst cell types, or about aspects of cyst physiology that allow dormant cells to survive harsh conditions. Here we compared transcriptomic profiles of vegetative and encysted A. brasilense. We observed that approximately one fifth of the A. brasilense transcriptome undergoes changes in expression between replicative vegetative cells and non-replicative cysts. A dramatic alteration in expression of genes involved in cell wall or cell membrane biogenesis was observed, which is congruent with changes in exopolysaccharide and lipid composition that occur between these cell types. Encysted cells also exhibited repressed mRNA abundance of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, ribosomal biogenesis and translation. We further observed that cysts create an anaerobic/micro-aerobic environment, as evidenced by repressed expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes coupled with increased expression of nitrate/nitrite reduction and nitrogen fixation genes.
Suspected anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in the setting of a 26-year-old female with an ovarian carcinoma

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis associated with ovarian tumors, rarely seen in emergency departments (EDs). There are proposed diagnostic methods and recommended treatment guidelines for anti-NMDAR, however, as this is a rare form of encephalitis, diagnostic, and treatment recommendations continue to be explored. We describe the case of a 26-year-old female patient who presented to our ED with altered mental status, exhibiting orofacial dyskinesias and choreathetoid movements. The patient was subsequently found to have an ovarian tumor and diagnosed with presumed anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care.
Korean Americans in U.S. Race Relations: Some Considerations

(1997). Korean Americans in U.S. Race Relations: Some Considerations. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 69-78.
Validation of sampling methods in bulk feed ingredients for detection of swine viruses

Animal feed can be contaminated with fomites carrying swine viruses and subsequently be a vehicle for viral transmission This contamination may not be evenly distributed, and there is no validated sampling method for detection of viruses in animal feed or ingredients The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the sensitivity of ingredient sampling methods for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) No animals were used in this experiment, so approval from an animal ethics committee was not necessary Thirteen kg soybean meal was used in a 2x2 factorial plus a control, with 2 doses of PEDV (Low: 10 sup 3 /sup TCID sub 50 /sub /g versus High: 10 sup 5 /sup TCID sup 50 /sup /g) and two sample types (individual probes versus composite sample) Soybean meal was confirmed PEDV negative, then loaded into individual, 1-kg polyethylene tote bags with PEDV introduced after loading the first 100 g There were six replicates per PEDV dose plus a control Ten individual probes or one composite sample per bag were created and analysed for PEDV via qRT-PCR The interaction, dose and sample type were significant for both PEDV presence and quantity No control samples had detectable PEDV At the low dose, no PEDV RNA was detected in individual probes or composite samples, but was confirmed in 100% (32 4 C sub t /sub ) of the inoculant samples This is likely due to loss of sensitivity during the analysis process, which has been previously reported to cause a loss up to 10 C sub t /sub when detecting PEDV in feed or ingredients At the high dose, only 37% (37 7 C sub t /sub ) of the probes had detectable PEDV RNA Composite samples were more sensitive (p 05), with PEDV RNA detected in 100% of samples (35 7 C sub t /sub ) In summary, sampling bulk ingredients for PEDV should include compositing at least 10 individual samples Future research is needed to identify alternative methods that have a similar sensitivity, but require less time and effort to collect such a sample
Spirituality, religiousness, personality as predictors of stress and resilience among middle-aged Vietnamese-Born American Catholics

The aim of this study was to examine the predictive power of spirituality and religiousness in terms of well-being. Spirituality and religiousness were measured by the ASPIRES Scale. Participants i...
Transcript profiling of bovine embryos implicates specific transcription factors in the maternal-to-embryo transition

Full-grown oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent. Following maturation and fertilization, the early stages of embryonic development occur in the absence (or low levels) of transcription that results in a period of development relying on maternally derived products (e.g., mRNAs and proteins). Two critical steps occur during the transition from maternal to embryo control of development: maternal mRNA clearance and embryonic genome activation with an associated dramatic reprogramming of gene expression required for further development. By combining an RNA polymerase II inhibitor with RNA sequencing, we were able not only to distinguish maternally derived from embryonic transcripts in bovine preimplantation embryos but also to establish that embryonic gene activation is required for clearance of maternal mRNAs as well as to identify putative transcription factors that are likely critical for early bovine development.
Introduction: Classification of Peels

Many chemical peels and combination modalities are currently available for different clinical goals. The classification of chemical peels is defined by the depth of penetration into the skin, which can be superficial peels (corneal layer, epidermis, superficial papillary dermis only), medium-depth peels (past papillary dermis, up to upper reticular dermis), or deep peeling (all of the above but also reaching mid reticular dermis and extensive inflammation). The success of the procedure depends on the artistic hands of the surgeon and the right understanding of specific characteristics of the wounding agent. This chapter will provide important information for dermatologists and plastic surgeons with interest in chemical peels.
Parallel implementation of a VIScous Vorticity Equation (VISVE) method in 3-D laminar flow

Abstract This paper presents a newly developed parallel implementation of solving the 3–D vorticity equation to fully simulate the incompressible laminar flow in the Eulerian frame. This method is designed to solve 3–D problems with irregular wall boundaries in small and compact computational domains in general shapes efficiently. The curl form of vorticity equation is discretized using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) by applying Stokes' theorem, which automatically guarantees the divergence–free condition of vorticity field at all times. The vorticity preserving velocity field is recovered by an explicit scheme without solving any linear system, and this velocity field is reprojected onto a divergence–free space by solving only one scalar velocity–potential Poisson's equation. The vorticity boundary condition is satisfied by employing a vorticity creation scheme, that can handle arbitrary wall boundary shapes. Numerical results of the flow past a 3–D NACA0012 hydrofoil with one periodic direction, the flow past a sphere, and the flow past a 3–D rectangular wing are presented to validate the scheme.
Embracing Casey: June Medical Services L.L.C. v. Russo and the Constitutionality of Reason-Based Abortion Bans

June Medical Services L.L.C. v. Russo has already begun gaining a certain reputation as a Trojan Horse: in form, a pro-choice ruling that overturns a Louisiana anti-abortion measure, but in substance, an anti-choice, pro-life decision that sets the stage for future reversals of the Supreme Court’s reproductive rights jurisprudence. Without denying that prospect, this work identifies different possibilities afoot in June Medical, specifically, in Chief Justice John Roberts’s key fifth-vote concurrence in the case. A close reading of this opinion shows that its reliance on stare decisis principles exceeds a jurisprudential commitment to a narrow understanding of the Supreme Court’s decision in Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt, the concurrence’s immediate point of reference within the Court’s abortion rights jurisprudence. In a wider sense, the concurrence demonstrates a commitment to Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, and, by extension, what Casey preserved of Roe v. Wade. Seen this way, Chief Justice Roberts’s June Medical opinion does not set a course for incrementalist reversals of abortion rights that will snowball into Casey’s and Roe’s shared demise. Subtly, if not perhaps finally, the Chief Justice’s June Medical concurrence signals an embrace of Casey that, functioning as a beachhead, should prospectively secure the constitutional foundations of women’s abortion rights. Interwoven with the case for this understanding of the Chief Justice’s June Medical concurrence are multiple tallies of the constitutionality of an important set of pro-life legal measures—so-called “reason-based” abortion bans—that take direct aim at Casey’s post-Roe doctrinal framework, including one such measure from Ohio, presently pending before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit sitting en banc. Analysis of these measures demonstrates why “reason-based” abortion bans—which make the availability of abortions depend on the reasons that women have for choosing them—are unconstitutional both under Casey’s basic doctrinal framework and under the Chief Justice’s approach in June Medical. No matter how the Sixth Circuit decides the case on Ohio’s reason-based abortion ban now that June Medical has been handed down, the issue of the lawfulness of reason-based abortion bans may soon find its way to the Supreme Court. One way or another, the question of the meaning of the Chief Justice’s June Medical concurrence certainly will.
The Course of ADHD during Pregnancy

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize the course of ADHD during pregnancy.MethodWomen ages 18 to 45 were followed prospectively at <20 weeks, 24 weeks, and 36 weeks pregnant. Three gro...
Challenges Deploying Robots During a Pandemic: An Effort to Fight Social Isolation Among Children

The practice of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in billions of people quarantined in their homes. In response, we designed and deployed VectorConnect, a robot teleoperation system intended to help combat the effects of social distancing in children during the pandemic. VectorConnect uses the off-the-shelf Vector robot to allow its users to engage in physical play while being geographically separated. We distributed the system to hundreds of users in a matter of weeks. This paper details the development and deployment of the system, our accomplishments, and the obstacles encountered throughout this process. Also, it provides recommendations to best facilitate similar deployments in the future. We hope that this case study about Human-Robot Interaction practice serves as an inspiration to innovate in times of global crises.
High Grade Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation is Associated with Acute Rejection but Not Chronic Allograft Dysfunction

Purpose Evidence suggests that high grade primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation (LTx) is a major threat for early and late outcomes. Herein, we aim to examine the risk factors and clinical impact of PGD in a contemporary cohort at a single center. Methods From 1/2008 to 7/2018, 1147 LTx procedures were performed at our institution. Clinical data was prospectively collected and PGD defined according to ISHLT criteria. Median follow up was 3.3 years (interquartile range 1.2 - 7.4). Multi-variable analysis utilizing recipient, donor, and LTx procedure variables was performed to assess risk factors for PGD, acute rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), early mortality, and late survival. Results Out of 1147 LTx procedures, 61% were bilateral. The incidence of PGD (grade II & III) was 13% & 15% at 24 hr , 12% & 14% at 48 hr , and 12% & 14% at 72 hr, respectively. Multi-variable analysis identified cardiopulmonary bypass usage/duration, single LTx, recipient pulmonary arterial hypertension, longer ischemic time, earlier year of LTx, older donor, higher Lung Allocation Score, and higher ratio of recipient/donor weight as risk factors for high grade PGD (grade II or III at 48-72 hr). Notably, recipient body mass index, donor smoking history, and diabetes were not significant risk factors for high grade PGD. Further analysis demonstrated that PGD II or III at 48-72 hr were independent significant risk factors for early mortality and higher acute rejection grades, while not significantly associated with CLAD or late survival. PGD grade II or III at 24 hr were not significant risk factors for early mortality, acute rejection, CLAD, or late survival. Conclusion This single-center data analysis of > 1000 contemporary lung transplants identified risk factors for high grade PGD. While high grade PGD at 48-72 hr was associated with higher risk of early mortality and acute rejection, in contrast to previous studies, it was not associated with a higher risk of CLAD or late survival, perhaps due to evolving management strategies.
Epididymal Sperm Granuloma and Antisperm Antibodies in Donkeys.

Abstract This study aimed to describe and compare semen parameters (pre-freeze and post-freezing) and antisperm antibodies (ASA) of donkeys with epididymal sperm granuloma and healthy controls. Feral donkeys (n = 10) castrated in a concurrent study were enrolled in the present experiment. Three donkeys had unilateral granulomas, two donkeys had bilateral granulomas, whereas the remaining five had grossly normal epididymides. The granulomas were either single or multiple, firm, well-circumscribed, tan to red, and 1–5 mm in size. Upon incision, abundant, thick, tan to white-yellow fluid was recovered. Histopathology revealed epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and abundant sperm cell fragments with mineralized cellular debris. Each epididymis was dissected, and semen harvested for cryopreservation. Semen was assessed for sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. All donkeys had semen cryopreserved in a standard manner. In addition, post-thaw semen from all donkeys was assessed for ASA (IgG and IgA), acrosome integrity and morphology. Post-thaw, the progressive sperm motility and the percentage of sperm with an intact plasma membrane were reduced in donkeys with sperm granuloma (P = 0.04). There was no difference in total sperm motility, morphology, or damaged acrosome across groups (P > 0.05). Three donkeys with sperm granuloma (60%) displayed increased IgG and IgA ASA. In conclusion, sperm granulomas only marginally affected sperm quality and resulted in IgG ASA binding to sperm with damaged plasma membrane. It remains to be determined if sperm granuloma and ASA affect fertility in donkeys.
A Unified Account of Two Vowel Devoicing Phenomena: the Case of Cheyenne

This paper investigates two vowel devoicing processes in Cheyenne, which appear on the surface to be fundamentally different, occurring in distinct segmental and prosodic environments. One process occurs in phrase-final vowels in any segmental environment, while the other occurs only before voiceless consonants in the surface penultimate vowels of some words. The first is consistent with typological expectations and is phonetically grounded, whereas the second is at first glance, neither typologically expected nor phonetically motivated. I provide a unified Stratal Optimality Theory account of these processes, demonstrating that both can, in fact, be treated as cases of domain-final devoicing, and attributed to the same family of positional markedness constraints. Different rankings of the markedness constraints relative to a faithfulness constraint result in different segmental conditions for the two processes. Moreover, I suggest that the two processes may be related via Domain Generalization, whereby a phonetically motivated utterance-final effect phonologizes and extends to smaller prosodic domains. In this way, while the word-level process is not itself phonetically motivated, it can be understood as an extension of another phonetically motivated process in the same language.
Female Labor in Jordan: A Systematic Approach to the Exclusion Puzzle

Women in Jordan are excluded from labor market opportunities at among the highest rates in the world. Previous efforts to explain this outcome have focused on specific, isolated aspects of the problem and have not exploited available datasets to test across causal explanations. We develop a comprehensive framework to analyze the drivers of low female employment rates in Jordan and systematically test their validity, using micro-level data from Employment and Unemployment Surveys (2008-2018) and the Jordanian Labor Market Panel Survey (2010-2016). We find that the nature of low female inclusion in Jordan’s labor market varies significantly with educational attainment, and identify evidence for different factors affecting different educational groups. Among women with high school education or less, we observe extremely low participation levels and find the strongest evidence for this phenomenon tracing to traditional social norms and poor public transportation. On the higher end of the education spectrum – university graduates and above – we find that the problem is not one of participation, but rather of unemployment, which we attribute to a small and undiversified private sector that is unable to accommodate women’s needs for work and work-family balance.
Primary results of the randomized trial of metformin administration in polycystic kidney disease (TAME PKD)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by growth of kidney cysts and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline. Metformin was found to impact cystogenesis in preclinical models of polycystic disease, is generally considered safe and may be a promising candidate for clinical investigation in ADPKD. In this phase 2 two-year trial, we randomly assigned 97 patients, 18-60 years of age, with ADPKD and estimated GFR over 50 ml/min/1.73 m2, in a 1:1 ratio to receive metformin or placebo twice daily. Primary outcomes were medication safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes included estimated GFR decline, and total kidney volume growth. Thirty-eight metformin and 39 placebo participants still received study product at 24-months. Twenty-one participants in the metformin arm reduced drug dose due to inability to tolerate, compared with 14 in the placebo arm (not significant). Proportions of participants experiencing serious adverse events was similar between the groups. The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale score was low at baseline and did not significantly change over time. The annual change for estimated GFR was -1.71 with metformin and -3.07 ml/min/1.73m2 per year with placebo (mean difference 1.37 {-0.70, 3.44} ml/min/1.73m2), while mean annual percent change in height-adjusted total kidney volume was 3.87% in metformin and 2.16% per year in placebo, (mean difference 1.68% {-2.11, 5.62}). Thus, metformin in adults with ADPKD was found to be safe and tolerable while slightly reducing estimated GFR decline but not to a significant degree. Hence, evaluation of efficacy requires a larger trial, with sufficient power to detect differences in endpoints.
Impact of blinding interviewers to written application on ranking of applicants from underrepresented minorities (URM) in the gynecologic oncology fellowship match

Objectives: Preconceptions from application review in preparation for a professional interview may bias the professional interview. Biases may limit the access of underrepresented minorities (URM) to advanced medical training opportunities, such as subspecialty training. We evaluated whether blinding interviewers to applicants’ written application was associated with difference in proportion of URM applicants ranked highly for our gynecologic oncology fellowship match compared to interviewers having reviewed written applications prior to the interviews. Methods: During our 2020 video Gynecologic Oncology interviews, we blinded one group of our interviewers to the written applications of the interviewees. Interviewers were able to visually interact with the candidates, but were blinded to the written aspects of the application, such as test scores and letters of reference. There were no opportunities to interact with the applicants before or after the interview, and interviewers submitted independent rank lists. Interviewers also did not know that they were being assessed as to ranking of URM candidates. We compared the pooled rankings of URM applicants of our blinded and non-blinded interviewers using a Medians Test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: For 2 positions through the National Residency Program Match Process, we received 94 applications of which 18/94 (19%) were self-identified URM. Based on review of written application and minimum application criteria for our fellowship, we invited 36 applicants to interview and interviewed 30 over 6 half-day video sessions. A total of 11 of the 30 interviewees (37%) self-identified as URM. Of the eight faculty interviewers during each interview session, 3 or 4 were blinded to the written application. There was no statistically significant difference in rank order when comparing blinded to non-blinded reviewers overall. However, blinded interviewers were more likely to rank URM applicants towards the top of the rank list (p=0.05 Median Test, 0.044 Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: Interviewers blinded to written applications ranked URM applicants higher than interviewers who reviewed written applications prior to video interviews. Additional research is necessary to understand the etiology of this observed difference.
Multiple Genetic Lesions in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (NHL) develops in about 5% to 10% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The vast majority of AIDS- NHL are clinically aggressive B-cell NHL that are histologically classified as small noncleaved cell lymphoma (SNCCL), large cell immunoblastic plasmacytoid lymphoma (LC-IBPL), and large noncleaved cell lymphoma (LNCCL). In an attempt to understand the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors, we have investigated the involvement of dominantly acting oncogenes (c-myc, N-, K-, H-Ras), tumor suppressor genes (p53, RB1), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in 27 AIDS-NHL samples (16 SNCCL, 5 LC-IBP, and 6 LNCCL). The following lesions were detected in AIDS-NHL: EBV infection (10/24; 41.6%), c-myc rearrangement (19/24; 79.1%), Ras mutation (4/27; 14.8%), and p53 loss/mutation (10/27; 37.0%). These lesions are not uniformly distributed, but, rather, cluster with specific types of AIDS-NHL: EBV infection is preferentially associated with LC-IBPL (4/4; 100%), while it is present in only a fraction of SNCCL (5/16; 31.2%) and LNCCL (1/4; 25%); c-myc oncogene activation clusters with SNCCL (16/16; 100%), whereas it is less frequent in LC-IBPL (1/4; 25%) and LNCCL (2/4; 50%); p53 inactivation is restricted to SNCCL (10/16; 62.5%) and consistently associated with c-myc activation. These data show that AIDS-NHL are associated with multiple genetic lesions that involve both proto- oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and may accumulate in the relatively short period of time (4 to 6 years) between human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS-NHL development. These genetic lesions differ in the various AIDS-NHL subtypes, suggesting the involvement of distinct molecular pathway.
A portable He-3 cryostat for studies in astrophysics

There are significant advantages in operating infrared bolometers at 0.3 K via a 3He system rather than the 1.5 K that can be attained with a pumped 4He cryostat. These are a higher sensitivity, faster response time, and the ability to use larger bolometer elements without compromising the response time. The latter two advantages arise because at the lower temperatures (~0.3K) the lattice specific heat of the bolometer is greatly reduced. In addition, the photon noise of the sensor is reduced, which improves its sensitivity.
Social Work Supervisor Liability

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore direct and indirect liability of social work supervisors. Specific case law is examined as it applies to malpractice liability-enterprise liability, educational malpractice, negligent hiring, negligent supervision, and borrowed servant rule. Case examples are used to illustrate areas of risk. Strategies for risk reduction are also presented.
Spatially defined stem cell-laden hydrogel islands for directing endothelial tubulogenesis

The spatiotemporal coordination of angiogenesis in synthetic materials is important for mimicking natural tissue morphogenesis. Here we report patterned hydrogel encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells to direct endothelial tubulogenesis in co-culture. Tubulogenesis occurs preferentially over MSC patterns, suggesting this strategy may prove useful in guiding the design of heterotypic engineered tissues.