cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertebral body fracture after anterolateral instrumentation and interbody fusion in two osteoporotic patients

Abstract Background context The XLP plate is an anterolateral instrumentation system developed as a part of the eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) system for lateral transpsoas interbody fusion, an alternative to anterior interbody fusion. Purpose To report two cases of atraumatic coronal plane vertebral body fractures in the early postoperative period after interbody fusion using XLIF cages, lateral plating using the XLP plate, and unilateral posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. Study design Case report. Methods/summaries Both patients were septuagenarian women with normal body mass indices and osteoporosis. The patients underwent L4–L5 XLIF with anterolateral instrumentation followed by posterior decompression and fusion using unilateral pedicle screws. In the early postoperative period (≤6 weeks), the patients developed acute onset of severe low back pain without history of trauma. Imaging demonstrated coronal plane vertebral body fracture through the screw hole of the XLP plate in the superior vertebral body in one case and the inferior vertebral body in the other. One patient required kyphoplasty at the L4 level for pain relief. The other was treated conservatively. The nondisplaced fractures went on to union with pain resolution and successful fusion in both patients. Results Coronal plane fractures occurred in 2 of 13 patients treated by the senior author using XLIF, the XLP plate, and unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation. Osteoporosis was likely a contributing factor in both patients. One potential mechanism for this unusual fracture pattern is subsidence of the cage with resultant cut-through of the fixed-angle screws through the osteoporotic vertebral body. Alternately, the fracture could have resulted from the stress riser created by the screw hole traversing an area of relative stress concentration directly adjacent to the cage. Conclusion Coronal plane vertebral fracture may occur in osteoporotic patients treated with XLIF and XLP lateral instrumentation. Unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation does not prevent this complication.
The Opportunity for Escape of Engineered Genes from Transgenic Crops

Much of the concern about the commercialization of transgenic crops has focused on the movement of transgenes into populations of wild relatives via pollen flow (Brown et al., 1984; Colwell et al., 1985; Dale, 1992; Ellstrand, 1988; Ellstrand and Prentice, 1995; Goy and Duesing, 1996; Rissler and Mellon, 1993; Tiedje et al., 1989). If these engineered traits confer a selective advantage, introgression and subsequent evolution might lead to more noxious agricultural weeds (Keeler, 1988; Rissler and Mellon, 1993) and even disrupt natural ecosystem balances by enhancing the fitness of wild relatives (Ellstrand and Hoffman, 1990; Raybould and Gray, 1993; Regal, 1988; Rissler and Mellon, 1993). The genes themselves could directly confer a selective advantage, or unique epistatic interactions might arise between engineered and native genes that result in higher fitness (Keeler, 1989; Mooney and Bernardi, 1990; Rissler and Mellon, 1993). Experience with the release of conventionally bred crops could be used as a guide in predicting the likelihood of escape of genes from crops into native populations. Hybridization and introgression have been occurring between cultivated and wild species since humans began agriculture (Anderson, 1949, 1961; DeWet and Harlan, 1975; Hancock, 1992; Harlan, 1965). Harlan (1965) originally described the interaction between cultigens and wild populations of Sorghum Moench., Triticum L. (wheat), and Hordeum L. (barley). More recently, crop–wild hybridization has been documented between a broad array of crops, including wild and domesticated gourds (Cucurbita L.) (Kirkpatrick and Wilson, 1988), rice (Oryza L.) (Chu and Oka, 1970; Langevin et al., 1990), maize (Zea L.) (Doebley, 1990), oil seed rape (Brassica L.) (Jorgensen and Anderson, 1994; Palmer et al., 1983), carrot (Daucus L.) (Wijnheijmer et al., 1989), beet (Beta L.) (Boudry et al., 1993; Santoni and Berville, 1992), foxtail millet (Setaria Beauv.) (Till-Bottrand et al., 1992), pearl millet (Pennisetum Rich.) (Brunken et al., 1977), potato (Solanum L.) (Urgent, 1970), radish (Raphanus L.) (Klinger et al., 1991), raspberries (Rubus L.) (Jennings, 1988; Luby and McNichol, 1995), and wheat (Triticum L.) (Zohary, 1971, 1976). Most geneticists would agree that it is
Morphological changes in ICP pulse waveform as potential markers for early determination of external ventricular drain clamping trial outcome

External ventricular drains (EVD) are widely used to measure and manage intracranial pressure (ICP) for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients. After several days of use a decision is made to remove the drain or replace it with an indwelling shunt. This involves a “clamping trial” whereby the EVD is clamped and transduced and pre and post clamping CT imaging is performed to observe any change in ventricular size and clinical status. This practice may lead to prolonged hospital stay, extra radiation exposure, and neurological insult. The present study aims to apply a widely validated morphological clustering analysis of ICP pulse (MOCAIP) algorithm to detect signatures from the pulse waveform to differentiate an intact CSF circulatory system from an abnormal one during EVD clamping. We hypothesize that an intact CSF system should be stable and pulses with a similar mean ICP level should have similar shapes. This is a retrospective study with 43 out of 107 adult patients that satisfied the inclusion criteria of ICD9 code for SAH, admitted to UCSF Medical Center between 03/2013 and 08/2014, and exclusion criteria of absence of reported EVD clamping trial and ICP signal recordings shorter than 2 hours. By reviewing the clinical notes and pre/post brain imaging results, 25 patients were determined with an intact CSF circulatory system (group A) and 18 patients with an impaired one (group B). Blind to the chart review, the MOCAIP algorithm was applied to the ICP signal recordings to form a series of artifact-free dominant pulses. Then, for each pulse, other pulses with similar mean ICP were identified. Finally, the Euclidean and geodesic inter-pulse distances were calculated in a 4 hours moving window. ANOVA analyses showed a significant difference on the standard deviations of the Euclidean (p<0.001, η2=0.29) and geodesic distance (p=0.001, η2=0.22), between groups A and B. Mann-Whitney U tests were used on the (non-normally distributed) mean distances, showing a significant difference on the Euclidean (p=0.007, r=0.41) and the geodesic distance (p=0.02, r=0.36) between the two groups of patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.79 and 0.78 for the standard deviations of the Euclidean and geodesic distance, and 0.74 and 0.71 for the mean Euclidean and geodesic distance respectively. Patients with an impaired CSF system showed not only a larger mean but also a larger variability of the inter-pulse distances, indicating frequent changes on the morphology of the pulses. The variability of morphological distances was the best predictor of the effect of EVD clamping trial. This technique may provide a method to rapidly determine if a patient will need surgical placement of an indwelling shunt or can simply have the EVD removed following SAH.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Attentional Processing using Virtual Reality

Attention processes are the gateway to information acquisition and serve as a necessary foundation for higher-level cognitive functioning. The Virtual Reality Cognitive Performance Assessment Test (VRCPAT) focuses upon refined analysis of neurocognitive testing using a virtual environment to assess attentional processing and recall of targets delivered within the context of a virtual city and a virtual driving simulation. The 15 minute VRCPAT Attention Module and a 1.5 hour neuropsychological assessment were conducted with a sample of 12 healthy adults, between the ages of 21 and 36, that included equivalent distributions of men and women from ethnically diverse populations. No subjects had history of psychiatric or neurologic conditions. To examine scenario differences, one-way ANOVAs were performed, comparing attentional performance in simple stimulus presentations (Mean = 43.63; SD = 8.91) versus complex stimulus presentations (Mean = 34.63; SD = 6.86). The results indicated that the increase in stimulus complexity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (F = 5.12; p = 0.04). To examine scenario differences, we compared attentional performance in low intensity (Mean = 40.01; SD = 4.06) versus high intensity (Mean = 9.25; SD = 3.70) presentations. The results indicated that the increase in stimulus intensity caused a significant decrease in performance on attentional tasks (t = 9.83; p = 0.01). Findings suggest that the increase in stimulus complexity and stimulus intensity within a virtual environment can manipulate performance on attentional tasks.
Emotional Intelligence and Callous–Unemotional Traits in Incarcerated Adolescents

Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to perceive, manage, and reason about emotions and to use this information to guide thinking and behavior adaptively. Youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits demonstrate a variety of affective deficits, including impairment in recognition of emotion and reduced emotional responsiveness to distress or pain in others. We examined the association between ability EI and CU traits in a sample of incarcerated adolescents (n = 141) using an expert-rater device (Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version (PCL-YV; Manual for the Hare psychopathy checklist: Youth version. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, 2003) and self-report assessments of CU traits. EI was assessed using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test-Youth Version, Research Version (MSCEIT-YV-R; MSCEIT YV: Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test: Youth version, research version 1.0. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, Ontario, 2005). Similar to findings in adult forensic populations, high levels of CU traits in incarcerated adolescents were associated with lower EI, particularly higher order EI skills. Identifying impairment on EI abilities may have important implications for emerging treatment and intervention developments for youth with high levels of CU traits.
Development and evaluation of targeted marginal land mapping approach in SWAT model for simulating water quality impacts of selected second generation biofeedstock

Information about location of marginal lands in a watershed is of interest to those who view these areas as potential land for producing biofuel crops. However, representing marginal lands into a distributed model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a challenge due to a rigid framework used for watershed sub-division. In this study, we developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) based approach for implementing targeted land use i.e. marginal lands into the SWAT model and evaluated the applicability of the approach on a 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watershed scale. Comparative results showed that conventional targeting approach overestimates the benefit of targeting marginal lands for Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, L) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus?×?giganteus) production due to simulation of larger area under marginal land category. Compared to baseline condition, which corresponds to no biofuel crop production on marginal lands, the pollutant losses under new targeting approach with simulation of Alamo switchgrass and giant miscanthus on marginal lands were substantially lower. The new targeting approach advances the science behind landscape representation in the SWAT model - that has potential to be used in future targeting studies. New simulation approach locates marginal land with a correct spatial definition.Conventional targeting approaches could overestimate the benefits of targeting.The new approach advances the science behind landscape targeting.New simulation approach can prove useful in reporting the most accurate results.
Simulating multi-substrate diffusive transport in 3-D tissues with BioFVM

To simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical compounds, we present BioFVM, an open-source reaction-diffusion equation solver using finite volume methods with motivation for biological applications. With various numerical solvers, we can simulate the interaction of dozens of compounds, including growth substrates, drugs, and signaling compounds in 3-D tissues, with cells by treating them as various source/sink terms. BioFVM has linear computational cost scalings and demonstrates first-order accuracy in time and second-order accuracy in space. Beyond simulating the transport of drugs and growth substrates in tissues, the ability to simulate dozens of compounds should make 3-D simulations of multicellular secretomics feasible.
Sylvester's Problem on Collinear Points

(1968). Sylvester's Problem on Collinear Points. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 30-34.
Fluxionality in the Chemical Reactions of Transition Metal Oxide Clusters: The Role of Metal, Spin State, and the Reactant Molecule

The phenomenon of fluxionality in the reactions of transition metal oxide clusters provides many opportunities in various catalytic and industrial processes. To gain a better understanding into the various factors influencing this phenomenon, we have carried out an electronic structure investigation of the fluxionality pathways when W3O6– and Mo3O6– clusters react with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The study illustrates how the metal (W vs Mo), different spin states of the anionic metal oxide cluster (doublet vs quartet), and the nature of the nonmetal in the small molecule (O vs S vs N), all affect the fluxionality pathway. The thermodynamically facile fluxionality pathway with H2S detaches both the hydrogens from hydrogen sulfide and can thus be very useful in the petrochemical and desulfurization industries. The fluxionality pathway with NH3 results in interesting metal-bound imines and bridged amines. However, the overall fluxionality process with NH3 is found to be thermodynamically unfavorable.
EVALUATION OF THE RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PHYLOGENETIC TREES USING SIMULATED ALLELE-FREQUENCY DATA.

Comparisons are made of the accuracy of the restricted maximum-likelihood, Wagner parsimony, and UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) clustering methods to estimate phylogenetic trees. Data matrices were generated by constructing simulated stochastic evolution in a multidimensional gene-frequency space using a simple genetic-drift model (Brownian-motion, random-walk) with constant rates of divergence in all lineages. Ten differentphylogenetic tree topologies of 20 operational taxonomic units (OTU's), representing a range of tree shapes, were used. Felsenstein's restricted maximum-likelihood method, Wagner parsimony, and UPGMA clustering were used to construct trees from the resulting data matrices. The computations for the restricted maximum-likelihood method were performed on a Cray-1 supercomputer since the required calculations (especially when optimized for the vector hardware) are performed substantially faster than on more conventional computing systems. The overall level of accuracy of tree reconstruction depends on the topology of the true phylogenetic tree. The UPGMA clustering method, especially when genetic-distance coefficients are used, gives the most accurate estimates of the true phylogeny (for our model with constant evolutionary rates). For large numbers of loci, all methods give similar results, but trends in the results imply that the restricted maximum-likelihood method would produce the most accurate trees if sample sizes were large enough.
Policy Uncertainty in Two-Level Games: Examples of Correlated Equilibria

Recent research on two-level game models emphasizes the close interaction between the domestic and foreign policies of states, but these states are usually interpreted as unitary rational actors and these two policy arenas are generally kept separate. We develop integrated models of multi-level policy games in which the locus of strategic action remains at the individual (or group) level. Social choice theory identifies fundamental dilemmas associated with assuming that states have consistent preferences, yet empirical observation reveals that domestic political competition results in regularized patterns of behavior at the state and international levels. In our models the expectations of individual Bayesian policy actors converge to a “correlated equilibrium” that defines a probability distribution over domestic and foreign policy outcomes. We compare examples of correlated equilibria in a Chicken game between two unitary rational states, a voting game among three domestic groups, and a two-level game in which each state's foreign policy is determined by this voting game. By focusing on the collective consequences of the strategic interactions of Bayesian rational individuals, this synthesis of game, social choice, and Bayesian decision theories highlights fundamental linkages among the regularities observed in domestic politics, foreign policy, and international relations.
324 PATIENT WORKLOAD AND QUALITY OF TEACHING ROUNDS.

Purpose Over the last century, internal medicine education of medical students and residents has been dominated by "attending rounds " on inpatient teaching services. However, these teaching sessions have changed substantially over the last several decades with increased patient turnover and more pressure to limit inpatient stays. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of increased patient care workload on quality of inpatient teaching rounds. Methods For 2 consecutive years (2004 and 2005), trained research assistants surveyed residents working on our internal medicine inpatient teams during a 3-month summer block. After attending rounds, residents and interns were asked to complete a short questionnaire, which included rating the following statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree): "My rounds went well " and "My attending spent enough time teaching. " Daily census data were collected for each of the internal medicine teams during the survey period, including patient census, the number of discharges, and the number of admissions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple correlations to assess the association of patient workload (census, discharges, and admissions) on resident ratings of teaching rounds. Results A total of 163 attending rounds sessions were evaluated, with a total of 271 resident surveys returned. Residents were generally pleased with rounds, with a mean rating of the "My rounds went well " statement of 4.2 6 0.7 and a mean rating of "My attending spent enough time teaching " of 4.1 6 0.9. The average census for inpatient services was 8.6 6 3.0 with an average of 2.1 discharges and 2.2 admissions each day. Total team census was negatively correlated with both subjective rating of rounds that went well (r = 2.26, p Conclusions Resident rating of attending rounds quality was negatively associated with an increase in patient census and workload. Residency programs must determine the optimum census and workload to ensure balance of patient care and teaching on inpatient medicine rotations.
The influence of sow dietary lipids and choline on piglet survival, milk and carcass composition.

Twenty-one crossbred gilts and 75 crossbred sows were randomly assigned to six treatments for examination of the effect of lipid feeding and choline level on baby pig survival. Dietary variables were supplemental fat and choline in a 3 X 2 factorial arrangement. Fat treatments were no supplemental fat, 10% corn oil and 10% animal fat; choline treatments were 0 and 500 ppm supplemental choline from choline chloride. Baby pig survival and litter weight at 21 days were improved (P less than .05) by supplemental fat. Lipid treatments also improved (P less than .05) percentage survival among piglets in the weight ranges of 909 g or less, 1,136 to 1,362 g and 1,363 to 1,589 grams. Lipid feeding increased survival by 18.5% among the piglets weighing less than 909 grams. Piglets fasted for 60 hr had 47.7% less (P less than .05) total lipids and 90.5% less (P less than .05) glycogen than 12-hr-old, nonfasted piglets. The feeding of corn oil significantly affected percentages of carcass fatty acids. Percentages of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased during fasting, indicating good utilization, while percentages of stearic and arachidonic acids increased, indicating poorer utilization during fasting. Milk from control sows, which had received a gestation diet containing 4% added poultry fat prior to treatment, was only slightly lower in energy and lipid content (nonsignificant) than milk from sows on the lipid treatment. Corn oil affected (P less than .05) the percentage of fatty acids in milk. Additional choline appeared to have no beneficial effect in any phase of the experiment. Choline did not increase lipid mobilization or piglet survival.
NIERENTRANSPLANTATION VON LEBENDSPENDERN-MEDIZINETHIK IM VERGLEICH

Patterns of care for end stage kidney disease in Germany and the USA are similar but the utilization of living-donor kidneys in Germany is relatively low. One reason is the striking difference in approach between the two countries, with different emphasis on patient autonomy. Comprehensive information on patients and medical personnel in the USA with regard to the availability of treatment options and an attempt to enable competent decision making has facilitated all high degree of acceptance of living donation.
Counselor Knowledge of the Age-Specific Features of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Older Adults

Abstract. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in older adults. To date, however, no measure exists to assess counselor knowledge of older-adult GAD including these age-specific features. A measure entitled the Counseling Older Adult GAD Knowledge Inventory (COGI) was developed to fill this gap. Based on research with other areas of counselor knowledge, we hypothesized a unidimensional factor structure to this area of knowledge and tested the COGI on 100 practicing mental-health counselors. A minimum average partial test revealed one factor of 13 items. This factor was entitled: Knowledge of GAD in Older Adults. No item querying prevalence was retained. Potential uses of the COGI in training and research were discussed.
Cooperative Discovery of Personal Places from Location Traces

It is becoming increasingly important to accurately detect a user's presence at certain locations during certain times of the day, e.g., to study the user's patterns with respect to mobility, behavior, or social interactions and to enable the delivery of targeted services. However, instead of geographic locations, it is often more important to determine a locale that is important to the user, e.g., the place of work, home, homes of family and friends, social gathering places, etc. These significant personal places can be determined through analysis, e.g., via segmentation of location traces into a discrete sequence of places. However, segmentation of traces with many gaps (e.g., due to loss of network or GPS signal) results in a large number of small segments, where many of these segments actually belong together. This work proposes a new segmentation approach that opportunistically fills gaps in location traces with the help of data from other (co-located) users. Using data from 195 users, collected over a 2-year period, we show that this approach yields fewer and larger segments, where each segment accurately represents the presence of a user at a significant personal place.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ADAM FAMILY

ADAMs (proteins containing A Disintegrin and A Metalloprotease domain) are multidomain and multifunctional proteins that are emerging as key regulators of critical events that occur at the cell surface. Many ADAMs (roughly half) are active metalloproteases, and several of these (e.g. ADAMs 10, 17, and 19) exert important functions in vivo, for example in development of the heart and brain. The best-characterized in vivo activity of ADAM proteases is as ectodomain sheddases. By shedding cell surface proteins (e.g. cytokines and growth factors), ADAMs initiate extracellular signaling events (e.g. signaling through epidermal growth factor receptors). ADAM-mediated ectodomain shedding (e.g. of Notch) can also set the stage for important intracellular signaling events. ADAMs have also been reported to shed surface proteins involved in both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The disintegrin and cysteine-rich domains of ADAMs exhibit adhesive activities in tissue culture-based studies. The important roles that several proteolytically inactive ADAMs play in development (ADAMs 2, 3, 14, and 23) suggest that ADAM adhesive activities may be relevant to their function. In this chapter, we first review the history and phylogeny of the ADAMs as well as structural and functional aspects of their major domains. We next review how ADAMs function as ectodomain sheddases, how their protease activities may be regulated, and how ADAMs may function in modulating cell adhesion and cell migration. We end with a very brief discussion of the role of ADAMs in development and disease and conclude by posing some questions for future research. Our goal is to give an appreciation for the widespread, varied, and fascinating means by which ADAMs affect, or may affect, key cell surface events: cell signaling, cell adhesion, and cell migration.
Bridging Science and Religion: How Health-Care Workers as Storytellers Construct Spiritual Meanings

Contrary to the notion that medical science has supplanted religious understandings of human suffering, recent research suggests that health-care workers like nurses can still portray their confrontations with illness and death in spiritual terms through storytelling. However, scholars have yet to systematically analyze the rhetorical devices used to construct spiritual meanings. Drawing on a symbolic interactionist perspective, we theorize that front-line health professionals can deploy various rhetorical devices to infuse their workplace interactions with a spiritual significance. We also propose novel fuzzy set analysis techniques for determining which configurations of devices are most important in developing spiritual meanings. This approach was illustrated by examining 173 stories elicited from nurses at a nonsectarian, teaching hospital about encounters at work that significantly impacted their understanding of spirituality. Consistent with our expectations, the way in which nurses tell stories about their experiences not only shapes whether they attach spiritual significance to them, but whether they perceive spirituality and medicine to be compatible. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research on lived religion, conflicting identities, and institutional boundaries.
Clinical Applications of CMR Techniques for Assessment of Regional Ventricular Function

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows for a highly accurate description of segmental wall motion and quantitation of contractile function. The excellent contrast between the endocardium and blood pool improves measurement of wall thickness, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Other noninvasive imaging modalities such as echocardiography assume a uniform LV geometry when calculating these global parameters. Errors caused by these assumptions are magnified when the LV shape is deformed, such as in dilated cardiomyopathy or after a myocardial infarction (MI). Because CMR acquires images in a tomographic set of planes, no assumptions regarding LV geometry are made. Not only does CMR produce more accurate global measurements, but also regional function can be precisely quantitated. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the clinical applications of these techniques for assessment of segmental right ventricular (RV) and LV function.
Initiating Kerr-soliton frequency combs apart from thermal bistability and mode perturbation effects

We implement an optical single-sideband, suppressed-carrier modulator with a Kerr microcomb pump laser. Rapid frequency scanning enables exploration of Kerr-comb physics, and practically reduces its sensitivity to challenging resonator thermal bistability and mode-structure imperfection effects.
"Muddling Through: Identity, Culture and Decision-Making in Managers' Responses to Uncertainty"

As organizations evolve and respond to environmental changes, they often enter a period of indeterminacy. Their leaders may grasp that legacy routines and capabilities no longer fit a changing envi...
Predictive Production Planning Considering the Operative Risk in a Manufacturing System

Abstract Customers’ ever more stringent quality requirements, continually shrinking product-life-cycle durations, and a rising number of variants confront manufacturing companies with new challenges. Reliable production is fundamentally important for any industrial company attempting to address these challenges. An effective risk management system helps to ensure such production. The ongoing digitization of production systems also yields new possibilities for evaluating production risks such as machine failures or delivery delays. Especially the growing number of sensors in production systems increases the availability of data for a manufacturing system. This data can be employed to more precisely recognize process related, operative risks during the production process. This offers the opportunity to act on possible risks during production planning and control (PPC). PPC-like sequencing or machine scheduling can hence be applied to reduce risks in a manufacturing system. We therefore present a new approach for a production planning system taking a production system's actual risk level into account. Risk identification in and modeling of a production system is therefore proposed. The evaluated risk then has to be integrated into the planning procedures to reduce the risk level in a manufacturing system. A prototypical application scenario is subsequently presented to demonstrate the approach's feasibility.
The Origin of Superior Performance of Co(OH)2 in Hybrid Supercapacitors

On the basis of a recent report by Deng et al. in Nature Communications , we have identified the origin of the quite different behaviors of isostructural Ni(OH) 2 and Co(OH) 2 as electrodes of a hybrid supercapacitor to be a different orientation of the crystal c axis in relation to the short dimension of platelet particles. We suggest that the favorable ordering in Co(OH) 2 , but not in Ni(OH) 2 , could be stabilized by a 3d orbital ordering that removes an orbital degeneracy of the octahedral-site Co 2+ ions.
Addition of lamivudine to zidovudine-based therapy reduced progression to AIDS and death in patients with HIV infection

Source Citation CAESAR Coordinating Committee. Randomised trial of addition of lamivudine or lamivudine plus loviride to zidovudine-containing regimens for patients with HIV-1 infection: the CAESAR...
Compulsory Heterogenderism: A Collective Case Study.

Using a collective case study approach, this study explored a phenomenon called compulsory heterogenderism, a neologism created to explain the ways in which gender identities and sexualities are consistently understood in and through each other. Put another way, although participants’ sexualities (e.g., being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or queer) were distinct from their gender identities as trans*, the way cisgender (non-trans*) individuals made sense of participants’ gender was through their sexuality. As a result of compulsory heterogenderism, participants’ gender identities often went unrecognized, rendering their trans* identities invisible. Specifically, this collective case study focused on four participants whose gender identities as trans* were erased by others’ insistence they were cisgender queer, lesbian, and/or heterosexual women.
Potential for natural evaporation as a reliable renewable energy resource

About 50% of the solar energy absorbed at the Earth’s surface drives evaporation, fueling the water cycle that affects various renewable energy resources, such as wind and hydropower. Recent advances demonstrate our nascent ability to convert evaporation energy into work, yet there is little understanding about the potential of this resource. Here we study the energy available from natural evaporation to predict the potential of this ubiquitous resource. We find that natural evaporation from open water surfaces could provide power densities comparable to current wind and solar technologies while cutting evaporative water losses by nearly half. We estimate up to 325 GW of power is potentially available in the United States. Strikingly, water’s large heat capacity is sufficient to control power output by storing excess energy when demand is low, thus reducing intermittency and improving reliability. Our findings motivate the improvement of materials and devices that convert energy from evaporation. The evaporation of water represents an alternative source of renewable energy. Building on previous models of evaporation, Cavusoglu et al. show that the power available from this natural resource is comparable to wind and solar power, yet it does not suffer as much from varying weather conditions.
Technique developments and performance analysis of chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering combustion thermometry

This work characterizes the state of the art in the analysis of high-repetition-rate, ultrafast combustion thermometry using chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CPP fs-CARS). Several key aspects of the CARS spectroscopy system are described, including: (1) the ultrafast laser source, (2) use of the frequency-doubled idler versus signal from the optical parametric amplifier, (3) the geometry constraints for phase matching, and (4) spectral fitting for single-shot temperature measurements. A frequency-dependent instrument response function (IRF) for the detection system was modeled as a variable-width Gaussian and implemented through a frequency convolution of synthetic spectra. Proper accounting of the IRF increased spectral fitting performance in the high-frequency region where signal oscillations are weaker and narrower. Aggregated data from 25 system performance assessments taken over four months yielded accuracy and precision of 2.7% and ±3.5% for flame temperatures, and 9.9% and ±6.1% at room temperature, using the commonly reported method. A new processing technique, based on the statistical method of maximum likelihood, was implemented for turbulent flames where strong fluctuations in expected temperatures necessitate use of multiple temperature calibrations. Results from multiple sets of laser parameters are combined to generate an error-weighted temperature from the top-performing calibrations. A testing procedure was designed to characterize system performance when the range of expected temperatures is unknown, simulating the random temperature field of a highly turbulent flame. Accuracy error of the CPP fs-CARS system increased in this more-stressing test at all temperatures, but precision was significantly affected only at room temperature. System stability is characterized, and the contribution from shot-to-shot laser fluctuations on measurement precision is quantified. Finally, the near-adiabatic and steady assumptions for the Hencken burner calibration flame are examined in an axial scan; significant deviations from ideal behavior were observed only at heights of more than four diameters above the burner surface.
Missing area completion in facial images using maximum-correntropy-criterion regularized cascading autoencoder

Missing area completion for human facial image plays a significant role in both academic area and people's daily life. The completion performance using neural network relies heavily on both architectural design and adopted cost functions. To this end, this paper proposed a maximum-correntropy-criterion regularized cascading autoencoder for facial image completion. The results of experiments in LFWcrop Face Dataset and Frey Face Database show that the MCC regularized CAE network is well performed to generate general human facial features in the missing area. The completion accuracy improves around 5% compared to using Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) in the same dataset.
Lessons learned in marine governance: Case studies of marine spatial planning practice in the U.S.

Abstract Marine spatial planning (MSP) is an approach to marine governance and the management of marine space requiring extensive stakeholder participation and interagency and inter-organizational cooperation. While a rich literature and set of practitioner guidance on MSP has developed, few studies include empirical research or identify lessons learned based on practitioner experience. The authors conducted three case studies of MSP in Washington, San Francisco Bay, and Rhode Island, U.S., including 50 practitioner and stakeholder interviews, to identify practitioners’ lessons learned regarding stakeholder participation and inter-organizational cooperation. Findings were then shared with 43 practitioners at an MSP workshop to ensure lessons resonated with a broader practitioner community. The authors found that practitioners had learned the importance of using both formal and informal stakeholder participation methods; leveraging pre-existing relationships as a foundation for MSP; and setting and managing the expectations of both stakeholders and agency partners. Results point to the effectiveness of using pre-existing stakeholder forums to build informal authentic dialogue between participants, rather than establishing new advisory bodies to support MSP. Further, pre-existing groups and other pre-existing relationships and communication networks are an important source of social capital for MSP. Last, clear communication and transparency are important in setting and managing stakeholders’ and agency partners’ expectations for MSP. This paper concludes with recommendations for further empirical research into practitioners’ MSP experience, particularly in the U.S., and for a new generation of practitioner guidance based on research and including practical strategies to help practitioners work within the real-world constraints of politics and budgets.
Performance on the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.

Background Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common age-associated dementias. Neuropsychologic studies have demonstrated visuoconstructional impairment in AD and in VaD. Objective This study used the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure to assess and compare specific aspects of visuoconstructional deficits in patients with AD, patients with VaD, and normal age-matched subjects. Method Thirteen normal controls, 20 patients with AD, and 20 patients with VaD were given a neuropsychologic battery as part of a comprehensive evaluation for dementia. The groups were similar in age and education, and the VaD and AD groups had comparable levels of dementia. Based on their previous research on visual deficits in AD, the authors devised a new scoring system that divided the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure into six perceptual categories: right, left, upper, lower, basic gestalt, and inner detail. Results Patients with AD and patients with VaD had significant deficits in all six Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure scoring categories compared with normal controls. Patients with AD exhibited a pattern of deficits similar to that of patients with VaD, with one significant exception: The patients with AD had increased left-sided errors or inattention. Conclusions These results suggest that left hemispatial inattention contributes to impaired performance on visuoconstructional tasks in AD.
Single-Crystal Silicon Based Electrothermal MEMS Mirrors for Biomedical Imaging Applications

Micromirrors have extensive applications in optical switches, displays and many other areas. This chapter is dedicated to introducing a new class of single-crystal silicon (SCS) based micromirrors for biomedical imaging applications particularly for optical coherence tomography (OCT). The SCS micromirrors include one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) scanning micromirrors and large-vertical-displacement (LVD) phase-only micromirrors. All the 1-D and 2-D micromirrors are 1 mm by 1 mm in size and coated with aluminum for high reflectivity in broad band. All the micromirrors have flat surface due to the thick SCS supporting layer. The measured static rotation angles are more than 30° at less than 15-V drive voltages, and the resonant frequencies are in order of 1 kHz. A large 200-µm static piston motion has been achieved with the LVD micromirror which has a size of only 0.7 mm by 0.32 mm. Design, simulation, modeling, fabrication and experimental results of these thermally-actuated devices are discussed in detail in this chapter. This first section will introduce the operation of OCT and various existing MEMS mirror techniques.
The Suitability of Fixed-Bed Sorbers as Artificial Kidneys

Experimental and theoretical evaluations of fixed beds of granular dextran beads for the purification of uremic lymph are described. This work was inspired by reported success in treatment of chronic uremia by repeated collection, purification, and reinfusion of thoracic duct lymph.
Prespecification and Plasticity in Neurogenesis

The concepts “prespecification” and “plasticity” are often ill-defined: to make them useful, exact criteria as well as the stage of development to which they are applied have to be stated precisely. For instance, plasticity often refers to functional adaptation. But our discussion will deal only with structural modifiability. The term “prespecification” conveys the notion that a developmental process, or phenotypic characteristics of a particular neuron strain, are irreversibly programmed or determined from an early stage on. The neural tube which gives rise to the entire central nervous system represents an early stage. One can inquire whether the undifferentiated neural tube of a 2-day chick embryo has acquired already the regional specification for cervical, brachial, thoracic, lumbar sectors which can be characterized by several criteria in later stages. One widely used test for specification is the transplantation experiment borrowed from general experimental embryology. If prospective brachial and cervical or brachial and thoracic segments are exchanged in the 2-day neural tube, they differentiate according to their site of origin, rather than the site of implantation, as shown, for instance, by the presence or absence of a lateral motor column in the transplant (B. Wenger, 1951). Another criterion would be the circuitry for coordinated limb movements which develops only at limb levels. Transplantation of the brachial neural tube to the lumbar level in 2-day chick embryos results in the performance of synchronus leg movements akin to wing flapping. Alternating movements were never observed; hence segmental specification defined by this criterion is also fixed at that stage (Narayanan and Hamburger, 1971).
5-Aminolevulinic acid fluorescence guided surgery for recurrent high-grade gliomas.

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) with five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is expected to revolutionize neurosurgical care of patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG). After the recent landmark FDA approval, this optical agent is now available to neurosurgeons in the United States. This review is designed to highlight the evidence for the use of 5-ALA in recurrent HGG surgery for the neurosurgical community. The manuscript was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Intra-operatively, a strong fluorescent signal is highly correlated with the presence of cellular tumor in recurrent HGG, giving it a high positive predictive value (PPV). Similar to what is observed in primary HGG surgery, false-negative results can occur if tumor cells do not emit fluorescence. In addition, false-positive fluorescence signals in tissues devoid of tumor cells can be observed more frequently in recurrent HGG compared to the primary setting. However, these areas overwhelmingly contain reactive/regressive tissue, resection of which is unlikely to cause functional deficits. The safety profile of 5-ALA is similarly favorable in primary and recurrent HGG. 5-ALA FGS is a powerful adjunct in the resection of recurrent HGG with a high PPV and favorable safety profile. It is therefore the authors’ opinion to routinely employ this fluorescent agent as a standard of care.
Shifting Profile of Leadership Preparation Programs in the 21st Century.

Purpose: A substantial research base focuses on principal preparation program standards, design, and effectiveness. Little is known, however, about which institutions are preparing principal candid...
An attitude network analysis of post-national citizenship identities

How are evaluative reactions pertaining post-national citizenship identities interrelated and what are the potential mechanisms how post-national identities evolve? Previous efforts to operationalize and measure post-national citizenship identities leave it open how people’s stances on different issues are related and suffer from a variety of theoretical and methodological shortcomings regarding the nature of political attitudes and ideologies. A recently proposed approach conceptualizes ideologies as networks of causally connected evaluative reactions to individual issues. Individual evaluative reactions form the nodes in a network model, and these nodes can influence each other via linked edges, thereby giving rise to a dynamic thoughts system of networked political and identity-related views. To examine this system at large, we apply network analysis to data from the European Values Study. Specifically, we investigate 33 evaluative reactions regarding national and supra-national identity, diversity, global empathy, global environmentalism, immigration, and supra-national politics. The results reveal a strongly connected network of citizenship identity-related attitudes. A community analysis reveals larger clusters of strongly related evaluative reactions, which are connected via bridges and hub nodes. Centrality analysis identifies evaluative reactions that are strategically positioned in the network, and network simulations indicate that persuasion attempts targeted at such nodes have greater potential to influence the larger citizenship identity than changes of more peripheral attitude nodes. We lastly show that socio-demographic characteristics are not only associated with the overall level of post-national citizenship, but also with the network structure, suggesting that these structural differences can affect the network function as people develop national or post-national citizenship identities, or respond to external events. These results provide new insights into the structure of post-national identities and the mechanism how post-national identities might evolve. We end with a discussion of future opportunities to study networked attitudes in the context of civic and citizenship education.
Visualizing Complex-Valued Molecular Orbitals.

We report an implementation of a program for visualizing complex-valued molecular orbitals. The orbital phase information is encoded on each of the vertices of triangle meshes using the standard co...
Abstract TP106: Cerebral Microhemorrhages and the Risk of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis

Introduction and Background: Cerebral microhemorrhages/microbleeds (CMBs) are proposed to increase the risk of thrombolysis-related hemorrhage. This may be because A) they are a marker of cerebral ...