cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances and trends of predictive maintenance from data-driven machine prognostics perspective

Abstract In the Engineering discipline, prognostics play an essential role in improving system safety, reliability and enabling predictive maintenance decision-making. Due to the adoption of emerging sensing techniques and big data analytics tools, data-driven prognostic approaches are gaining popularity. This paper aims to deliver an extensive review of recent advances and trends of data-driven machine prognostics, with a focus on their applications in practice. The primary purpose of this review is to categorize existing literature and report the latest research progress and directions to support researchers and practitioners in acquiring a clear comprehension of the subject area. This paper first summarizes fundamental methodologies on data-driven approaches for predictive maintenance. Then, the article further conducts a comprehensive investigation on the different fields of applications of machine prognostics. Finally, a discussion on the challenges, opportunities, and future trends of predictive maintenance is presented to conclude this paper.
Is it time to put rest to rest

The so-called resting state, in which participants lie quietly with no particular inputs or outputs, represented a paradigm shift from conventional task-based studies in human neuroimaging. Our foray into rest was fruitful from both a scientific and methodological perspective, but at this point, how much more can we learn from rest on its own? While rest still dominates in many subfields, data from tasks have empirically demonstrated benefits, as well as the potential to provide insights about the mind in addition to the brain. I argue that we can accelerate progress in human neuroscience by de-emphasizing rest in favor of more grounded experiments, including promising integrated designs that respect the prominence of self-generated activity while offering enhanced control and interpretability.
Direct access to various C3-substituted sialyl glycal derivatives from 3-iodo-sialyl glycals

A new and efficient method was developed for the synthesis of C3-substituted sialyl glycals that are useful for novel sialidase inhibitor discovery. This method was based on the cross-coupling reactions of 3-iodo-sialyl glycal methyl ester with boronic acids, alkenes and alkynes to directly introduce various functional groups to the sialyl glycal C3-position. A series of C3-aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl derivatives of sialyl glycal were efficiently and conveniently synthesized for the first time by this method, which has demonstrated its wide application scope.
Success Resource Deployment (SRD) im Personal- und Bildungsmanagement — Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie

Standiger Weiterbildungsdruck und -wille auf der Kundenseite, partielle Angleichungen der Leistungen von Bildungsunternehmen sowie verstarkte Konkurrenz durch Bildungsmoglichkeiten via Internet sind aktuelle Kennzeichen des Personalentwicklungssektors. Im dadurch angeheizten Preis- und Qualitatswettbewerb kann nur derjenige bestehen, der sich verstarkt kundenorientiert verhalt und die Kostenseite im Griff hat. Hierfur ist jedoch Wissen uber die kundenspezifischen Erfolgsfaktoren auf der Marktseite („Successu“) und die zu ihrer Erfullung eingesetzten Ressourcen auf der Seite der Unternehmen („Resource“) erforderlich. Dies gilt fur Bildungsunternehmen ebenso wie fur die betriebliche Personalentwicklung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt einige empirische Ergebnisse aus Projekten in Bildungsunternehmen, die mit Hilfe des so genannten Success Resource Deployment durchgefuhrt wurden.
A Nation of a Hundred Million Idiots?: A Social History of Japanese Television, 1953 - 1973

Part 1: Introduction to Japanese Television Culture Introduction Part 2: The History of Japanese Television Culture 1. Prewar Roots of Japanese Television Culture: Imperial Culture, Media Culture, and Radio 2. Postwar Media Culture and Japanese Encounters with TV 3. Pro Wrestling and Body Slams: Early TV as a Mass Event 4. Transforming the Nation: TV Takes Root in Japan (1957-1963) Part 3: Japanese Interactions with Television 5. Television Spreads to the Countryside 6. Intellectuals Debate TV: Oya's "Hundred Million Idiots" and Kato's "Television Culture" 7. Protecting the Children and Cleaning Up TV 8. Politics as Spectacle: Parades, Pageantry and Protests 9. Anpo Redux: University Riots and a Hostage Crisis 10. America in Japanese Television: Family Dramas and Cowboys 11. After the American Boom: Japanese TV Gains its Independence Part 4: The Meaning of the Japanese Television Nation Epilogue: Fractured Television Nation
Impact of Genetic Background in Otitis Media Predisposition

Predisposition to the development of otitis media (OM) results from a complex interaction between patient and environmental factors. Heritability studies done in twins have demonstrated a strong genetic component to both acute and chronic OM. Three separate genome-wide linkage scan studies have identified potentially important chromosomal regions that are associated with OM susceptibility. Candidate genes that have been considered to potentially play a role in OM susceptibility include toll-like receptors, the TGF-β signaling pathway, surfactants, and mucins. Specific genes that have been shown to be highly correlated to middle ear disease in both humans and animal models include TLR4, and FBXO11. This chapter reviews what is known regarding the influence of specific genetic factors on the development of OM.
The Rationality of Dissensus: A Reply to Goodin

Robert Goodin claims that he has undermined my ``proof of theinevitability of rational consensus among all patient people of goodwill.'' I did not intend my position as a proof of the inevitabilityof rational consensus, however, and, in fact, I insist on thereasonableness of dissensus in some cases. I welcome the opportunity,provoked by Goodin's interesting reflections, to clarify my position. Iproved with Carl Wagner that iterated weighted averaging converges towardconsensus under conditions of connectedness and constancy resulting fromthe positive weight that individuals give to each other. I allow, nevertheless,that individuals may rationally assign zero weight to each other in a waythat blocks convergence and yields dissensus. The assignment of zeroweight to others will be rational, for example, when the interests ormoral concerns of the individual would be co-opted as a result of givingpositive weight to others. The assignment of positive weight to othersrequires modification of one's position, however, for the refusal to modifyone's position is mathematically equivalent to assigning zero weight toothers. Dissent is rational to avoid being co-opted, but the cost ofdisensus may be the assignment of zero weight to others and theirrational reciprocation.
Inference in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with possible weak identification

This paper considers inference in log-linearized dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models with weakly (including un-) identified parameters. The framework allows for analysis using only part of the spectrum, say at the business cycle frequencies. First, we characterize weak identification from a frequency domain perspective and propose a score test for the structural parameter vector based on the frequency domain approximation to the Gaussian likelihood. The construction heavily exploits the structures of the DSGE solution, the score function, and the information matrix. In particular, we show that the test statistic can be represented as the explained sum of squares from a complex-valued Gauss–Newton regression, where weak identification surfaces as (imperfect) multicollinearity. Second, we prove that asymptotically valid confidence sets can be obtained by inverting this test statistic and using chi-squared critical values. Third, we provide procedures to construct uniform confidence bands for the impulse response function, the time path of the variance decomposition, the individual spectrum, and the absolute coherency. Finally, a simulation experiment suggests that the test has adequate size even with relatively small sample sizes. It also suggests it is possible to have informative confidence sets in DSGE models with unidentified parameters, particularly regarding the impulse response functions. Although the paper focuses on DSGE models, the methods are applicable to other dynamic models with well defined spectra, such as stationary (factor-augmented) vector autoregressions. Keywords. Business cycle, frequency domain, likelihood, impulse response, inference, rational expectations models, weak identification. JEL classification. C12, C32, E1, E3.
High power microwave properties of Zn-Y hexagonal ferrite

Summary form only given. High anisotropy hexagonal ferrite materials offer advantages for millimeter wave device applications. Implementation often involves a quantitative understanding of the high power response and the related spin wave linewidth /spl Delta/H/sub k/. Recent high power measurements on disks of single crystal easy plane Y-type hexagonal ferrite at 9 GHz gave parallel pump and subsidiary absorption /spl Delta/H/sub k/ values which were a factor of two or more larger expected from low power ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and high power resonance saturation data. New measurements show that the sample size has a significant effect on the instability threshold and the corresponding /spl Delta/H/sub k/, especially at low frequency when the intrinsic /spl Delta/H/sub k/ is small. Sample shape is not critical at higher frequencies where /spl Delta/H/sub k/ is large.
Mysterious absence of pair luminescence in gallium phosphide bismide

Gallium phosphide bismide (GaP1−xBix) epilayers with x up to 1.0% were grown via molecular beam epitaxy and their photoluminescence spectra were investigated at low temperatures. Surprisingly, the emission spectrum of the GaP1−xBix epilayers was fully described by isolated bismuth-bound exciton recombination at the A and B lines (2.232 and 2.229 eV, respectively) together with their phonon replicas, without a need for any description of recombination from bismuth pair or cluster states. These observations contrast with the typical behavior of energy transfer to lower-lying nitrogen pair states in GaP1−yNy at similar impurity concentrations and offer insights into the electronic structure evolution of GaP1−xBix.
The road from damascas: an interview with huda akil.

Dr. Huda Akil is the Co-Director and Senior Research Scientist Mental Health Research Institute, Gardner C. Quarton Distinguished Professor of Neurosciences in Psychiatry and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan and is a past-president of the Society for Neuroscience. http://www.med.umich.edu/psych/faculty/akil/akil.htm
Synthesis of selectively clocked skewed logic circuits

Skewed logic circuits with a selective clocking scheme have performance comparable to that of Domino logic, but consume much lower power. Unlike Domino, the reconvergent path problem in skewed logic circuits may be overcome without logic duplication due to the static nature of skewed logic. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that alleviates the need for logic duplication when dealing with reconvergent paths in skewed logic circuits. We also propose a dynamic programming-based heuristic to determine a low-power clocking scheme for skewed logic circuits. Experimental results show that 32% of gates in a skewed logic circuit are duplicated, whereas 69% of gates in a Domino logic circuit are duplicated. The total power saving of skewed logic over Domino logic is 32.6% on average.
Radiation treatment of advanced or recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Abstract Background. Because granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare, the optimal treatment for women with gross residual disease after primary surgery or recurrence is not known. Our objective was to review the results of radiotherapy for advanced or recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Methods. This retrospective review identified 34 patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors treated with radiation at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1949 and 1988. Fourteen received treatment for clinically measurable disease; 20 received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery for minimal residual ( Results. Ten of 14 patients were treated with moving-strip whole-abdomen radiation (27–28 Gy), 9 with 60 Co, and 1 with 6-MeV photons and a pelvic boost of 28 Gy with 22–25 MeV photons. The other 4 patients were treated with pelvic radiotherapy (45–61 Gy) with 22–25 MeV photons. Six of 14 patients (43%) had a clinical complete response to radiotherapy, with a median follow-up of 13 years (range, 5–21 years). Three of 6 who responded to radiation had relapse 4–5 years later; 2 of these 3 died of disease and 1 was alive with disease at last follow-up. Three responders remain alive without evidence of disease 10–21 years after treatment. The 8 nonresponders had a median survival of 12.3 months (range, 1–60 months). Conclusions. Radiotherapy can induce a clinical response with occasional long-term remission in patients with persistent or recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.
Long-Term Outcome of Cholecystoenterostomy as a Definitive Biliary Drainage Procedure for Benign Disease

Our aim was to examine the long-term success of cholecystoenterostomy performed for the relief of benign extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Concern about the ability of cholecystoenterostomy to provide reliable long-term biliary decompression has led many to abandon its use for benign biliary obstruction. Thirty-four patients who underwent cholecystoenterostomy for benign biliary obstruction over a 17-year period were reviewed. Patients were followed until cholecystoenterostomy failure, death, or to date. Failure was defined as recurrent biliary obstruction or cholangitis requiring therapeutic intervention. Mean follow-up was 8.0 years. Early postoperative morbidity occurred in 11 patients (32%), but only one early complication (cholangitis) was related directly to the cholecystoenteric anastomosis. Five patients (15%) experienced late biliary tract complications related directly to the cholecystoenterostomy including recurrent biliary stones with biliary obstruction in four and anastomotic stricture in one. All required reoperation and conversion to choledochoenterostomy at a mean of 112 months. Cholecystoenterostomy can provide reasonably effective long-term biliary decompression in selected patients with benign biliary obstruction.
Hybridization between the blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. trossulus along the Pacific coast of North America: evidence for limited introgression

Two species of blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. trossulus, co-occur and hybridize along the Pacific coast of North America. Using a set of polymerase chain-reaction (PCR)-based genetic markers which diagnostically identify these species, we show that they are sympatric from the Cape Mendocino region to the Monterey Peninsula in northern and central California, USA. Mussels with hybrid genotypes were detected in all populations sampled in the region of sympatry, and the frequency of hybrid genotypes in individual hybrid populations ranged from 13 to 44%. Significant frequencies of first-generation backcross genotypes were detected in two individual hybrid zone populations (Berkeley and Monterey Marina) and in the hybrid zone as a whole, indicating that the potential exists for introgression between M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. Despite this potential, we found no evidence of advanced introgression beyond first-generation backcrosses, suggesting that gene flow between M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus has been quite limited. The frequency of mussels with M. trossulus and hybrid genotypes declined abruptly south of Monterey Peninsula, while the frequency of mussels with M. galloprovincialis and hybrid genotypes declined precipitously north of Cape Mendocino. These abrupt genetic discontinuities indicate that this blue mussel hybrid zone is presently positioned between two prominent coastal features and there is little, if any, export of alleles from the hybrid zone into bordering parental populations.
Thromboembolic risks of recombinant factor VIIa use in warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage

Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) may produce rapid hemostasis in warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (WICH) but may carry high thromboembolic risks. We compared baseline thromboembolic risk factors and thromboembolism rates in WICH patients treated with rFVIIa to those treated with FFP and vitamin K alone.
An Examination of Emergency Contraception use by Undergraduate College Students in the Midwest using the Integrated Behavioral Model

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence undergraduate college student use of emergency contraception (EC) and their level of knowledge about the product, in order to assist in the development of intervention programmes to increase its use, which could lead to lower rates of unintended pregnancies in this population. A response rate of 98.4% included 1553 surveys from students at 11 Midwestern universities. Students were predominantly female (63.5%), white (75.3%) and aged 18–21 years (80%). They ranged from first-year students (23.8%) through to fourth-year students (13.8%), with second-year students comprising the largest group (32.6%). The majority of respondents reported being heterosexual (92.1%), and 34.1% of those completing the questionnaire reported being in a committed relationship. Most respondents reported having had sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime (78.9%). Of the 8.4% of sexually active students who had experienced an unintended pregnancy, 18.1% ...
Resonant Electron Capture and Stripping in Ne + -Ne Collisions at Energies of Several keV

Measurements have been made for collisions in which ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$ ions are incident upon neutral Ne atoms. The incident ions ranged in energy from 0.80 to 15 keV and were scattered through angles of from 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 13\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory coordinates. The target atoms were present in the form of a gas at a pressure sufficiently low to insure that the bulk of the scattered particles reaching the detectors had experienced only a single encounter with a target atom. Analysis of the scattered incident particles shows that the relative probabilities for electron capture, scattering without change of charge, and single electron stripping all oscillate rapidly as a function of scattering angle. This behavior is evidently the result of resonance of the ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{+}$-Ne system between the attractive and repulsive states characteristic of the homonuclear, diatomic molecular ion. The data are discussed in terms of this interpretation, and experimental values are presented for the energy difference (${E}_{r}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{a}$) integrated over the collision path of relative motion, ${E}_{r}$ and ${E}_{a}$ being the energies of the repulsive and attractive states, respectively. For the range of collisions studied, this integrated energy difference ranged from about 15 eV-\AA{} to about 120 eV-\AA{}. An approximate functional dependence of (${E}_{r}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{a}$) upon internuclear separation is obtained from the data.
Controlled Edge Damage by Dynamic Impact

Mechanical contact with glass substrates can induce visible and strength limiting damage. Glass edges are especially susceptible to such damage. Dynamic impact with a glass edge will likely produce classic sharp crack signatures.
Chronic rupture of a patellar tendon: A technique for reconstruction with achilles allograft

Chronic ruptures of the patellar tendon fortunately are an uncommon event. These ruptures are often difficult to repair because they are generally accompanied by quadriceps muscle contracture and a great deal of scar tissue formation. We report the case of a repair of a chronic patellar tendon rupture. The patient's right patellar tendon was reconstructed approximately 10 months after the injury using quadricepsplasty and an Achilles tendon allograft with a suprapatellar wire for tension release. Four weeks postoperatively, he had attained 60° of flexion and full active extension. At 8 weeks, the suprapatellar wire was removed allowing the distribution of stresses on the reconstructed patellar tendon. At 6 months, the patient had 130° of flexion and full extension, but showed a persistent 40% deficit in right quad strength. The technique accomplished the preoperative goals of restoring quadriceps function, restoring the anatomic position of the patella, and allowing early mobilization after surgery. Although the use of a suprapatellar wire to reduce tension on the reconstructed tendon required a second operation for removal, it allowed early mobilization and better healing of the repair.
Role of thrombin in angiogenesis: reply to a rebuttal

The valuable contributions of Maragoudakis and coworkers on thrombin and angiogenesis have always been recognized by our group and frequently quoted in our publications. Their work was quoted three times in the present paper [1], three times in our paper on thrombin and the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [2] and three times in our paper on the induction of angiopoietin-2 [3]. Maragoudakis and coworkers object to our statement quoting their work in which we stated that an attempt to measure thrombin-induced angiogenesis was made by Maragoudakis et al . We believe that this was a fair statement. In their most recently reported publication on this subject, their measurement was indirect, employing C-proline incorporation into collagen in the presence of hydrocortisone (to inhibit inflammation) to measure neoangiogenesis [4]. They found a 34% increase in collagen synthesis using 1 U mL thrombin and interpreted this to represent an increase in neoangiogenesis. Our paper describes a direct observation on newly formed blood vessels on the CAM by microscopic examination following the addition of 0.1 U mL thrombin resulting in a 2–3-fold increase in new blood vessel development. We further showed that VEGF and angiopoietin-2 were upregulated in the CAM during this stimulation—and inhibited by soluble angiogenesis receptors Tie2-Fc and KDR-Fc as well as pertussis toxin (G coupled receptor) and inhibitors of protein kinase C, MAPkinase and PI3kinase. We believe that this is a more rigorous demonstration of the induction of neoangiogenesis by thrombin on a physiological membrane.
Role of KATP channel in electrical depression and asystole during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in ex vivo canine heart.

Long-duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF) in the globally ischemic heart is characterized by transmurally heterogeneous decline in ventricular fibrillation rate (VFR), emergence of inexcitable ...
Supporting Anesthetic Monitoring through Tactile Display of Physiological Parameters

Breakdowns in anesthetic monitoring are a frequent contributor to critical incidents in the Operating Room (OR). They can be attributed to a lack of effective attention guidance when traditional visual and auditory display methods are used to present patient physiological data. The current experiment therefore examines the effectiveness of tactile displays to better support anesthetic monitoring. Participants played the role of anesthesiologist in a desktop simulation of an OR environment. They were responsible for completing a visually-demanding intubation task while concurrently monitoring and managing a set of physiological parameters which were displayed using traditional methods. Three tactile display designs redundantly communicated the state and dynamics of one critical physiological parameter, blood pressure. Initial results show improved performance on the intubation and monitoring tasks for all tactile display conditions when compared to conditions with visual and auditory displays only. The mos...
A model for successful foster child-foster parent relationships.

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore successful relationships between foster children and foster parents. Methods: Dyads of exemplary foster parents and foster children, identified by foster care experts, were interviewed to uncover the meaning of human bonding and attachment between the foster child and foster parent. Data were collected and analyzed with use of Colazzi's phenomenologic methodology. Results: A sense of family/coming home was most important for both foster children and foster parents. The powerful desire of the foster child to attain family membership emerged from their experiences, both in and out of foster care. Discussion: The combination of a caring foster parent who worked patiently with the child to help him or her establish membership and a foster child who not only recognized caring behaviors but also was willing to respond to them created the foundation for a successful relationship. J Pediatr Health Care. (2002). 16, 112-118.
Abnormal thyroid function test results in patients taking salsalate.

Objective. —To evaluate how the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent salsalate affects the results of routine thyroid function tests. Design. —In a cohort of patients taking salsalate for various rheumatic conditions, thyroid function tests were performed with patients on and off the drug. Setting. —Primary care of ambulatory patients in a university medical center. Patients. —A convenience sample of 14 euthyroid subjects, none of whom was taking thyroid hormone or other medication recognized to alter thyroid function. Intervention. —Treatment with therapeutic doses of salsalate for a mean period of 44 weeks. Main Outcome Measures. —Serum levels of thyroxine (T 4 ), free T 4 , thyroid hormone binding ratio, free T 4 index (the product of T 4 and the thyroid hormone binding ratio), triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin. Results. —Serum T 4 dropped from a mean baseline level of 96.7 nmol/L off salsalate to 53.4 nmol/L on it ( P 4 index showed a parallel decline from 85.9 to 50.4 ( P 4 levels and total triiodothyronine concentrations were low in several patients treated with salsalate. Serum thyrotropin levels declined transiently, falling from a mean of 3.2 to 1.7 mU/L ( P Conclusion. —Salsalate commonly produces abnormalities in routine thyroid function test results similar to those found in central hypothyroidism. ( JAMA . 1992;267:1242-1243)
Effects of corticosterone on social behavior of male lizards

Adrenal corticoid release is a major component of the stress response which can affect many body functions including behavior. The purpose of our studies was to examine the effects of corticosterone (B) on both the agonistic and courtship components of social behavior in male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana). Of particular interest was the effect of B on plasma testosterone (T), a hormone known to influence aggression, and the importance of this action on the behavioral effects of B. Experiments included either castrated males, hormone (either B, T, or B + T)-implanted intact males, or sham males. Behavioral observations were recorded when these males were challenged with "immigrant" males; measurement of plasma steroids confirmed the efficacy of implants in elevating B and T. Castration, B implantation, and combined B and T implantation significantly reduced aggressive behavior to varying degrees, while T implants in intact animals had no effect. B implants significantly decreased plasma T levels (from 1.87 to 0.33 ng/ml), but this decrease was not essential for the inhibitory effect of B on aggression since B + T implantation also reduced aggression, even though plasma T was elevated above normal (67.6 ng/ml). In contrast, B implantation did not affect male courtship and copulatory behavior when males were presented with estrogenized females. These results suggest that the effect of B on social behavior is not through just a single route, that of decreasing plasma T, and that B can affect various intra- and intersexual behaviors differently.
Reinforcement and learning in schizophrenics.

Summary.-Three groups of 7 chronic schizophrenics were tested on a wordassociation task under conditions of verbal reinforcement, non-verbal reinforcement, or no reinforcement. Both verbal and non-verbal reinforcement were significantly more effective than no reinforcement in conditioning patients to the task but equally effective. Implications for the effectiveness of the token-economy paradigm in facilitating adequate response to abstract reinforcement by schizophrenics was contrasted with results of previous srudies not employing the paradigm. Studies of word-association tasks performed by schizophrenics have yielded conflicting results. Ullmann, Krasner, and Edinger (1964) found positive verbal reinforcement significantly more effective than no reinforcement in condicioning schizophrenics on a simple word-association task, while Cohen and Cohen (1960) found such reinforcement for correct responses on a word-association task ineffective in conditioning schizophrenics but effective with neurotics. Expanding chis paradigm, Johannsen (1961) reported non-verbal reinforcement more effective than verbal reinforcement in conditioning schizophrenics while the reverse held for normals. The present study was designed to explore the effects of verbal and non-verbal reinforcement on the learning of a word-association task by schizophrenics. Ward tokens, generalized reinforcers of known effectiveness (Atthowe & Gasnet, 1968) were used as a comparison for response to non-verbal reinforcement. Method.-Ss were 21 female in-patients from a functioning token economy program, all diagnosed as schizophrenic. The task required a single sheet of paper on which appeared 20 randomized repetitions of four symbols and an abstract word. In each of the repetitions, the order of the four symbols was randomized and the abstract word changed. Ss were randomly divided into three groups of 7 each, a token reinforcement group, a verbal reinforcement group, and a no-reinforcement group. Each S was read the following set of instructions prior to the beginning of the uials: "You see there are four marks to the left of each word. Please pick one of the four that best fits the word to the right and copy it in the column marked answer." Ss in the non-reinforced group received no additional instructions. Ss in the token-reinforced group were told: "If you choose the right mark I will give you one token. I will give you one token each time you choose the
Innovative applications of epidemiology, evidenced based interventions and economic analyses of office related upper extremity disorders.

In September 2005 a small working conference was held to generate potential next steps in the generation of innovative approaches to work related upper extremity symptoms and disorders among those working in office environments. This special section of the Journal includes papers written by the presenters and their collaborators. These papers provide “state of the art” summaries of research in the areas of ergonomics, biobehavioral factors and interventions, economics and integrative interventions at the workplace. Invited speakers and participants from various stakeholder groups spent a second day discussing the implications of the research presented on day one for improving the understanding and management of these disorders. Practical considerations for generating new approaches and their implementation were also discussed.
Synthesis of Lanthanum Oxide Using Hydrogen Peroxide as Auxiliary Reagent by Spray Pyrolysis Method

With lanthanum chloride solution as raw material, and use the hydrogen peroxide of clean and pollution-freeobtained from oxidation reaction as auxiliary reagent, and with the carrier gas together form spray pyrolysis to obtain lanthanum oxide. On the one hand, in the hydrogen peroxide system, the temperature of direct pyrolysis reaction of lanthanum chloride solution decreased obviously, The reaction temperature is decreased from 1280°C to 1000°C or less. That reduce the energy consumption and simplify the requirements of pyrolysis equipment technology. The production process does not use NH3.H2O and NaOH to precipitate. It does not produce the traditional process of NH4+, Na+ to pollute water. It can greatly reduce the damage to the environment, and can product with high yield, high purity of the rare earth oxide. This method not only applies to the pyrolysis of the rare earth chloride solution, also applies to metal chloride solution, such as FeCl3, AlCl3, NiCl2. It was shown that the reaction temperature has been effectively reduced, VLaCl3: VH2O2 with 1: 1.5 can get high purity of La2O3.
Farnesylation of Nonpeptidic Thiol Compounds by Protein Farnesyltransferase

Protein farnesyltransferase catalyzes the modification of protein substrates containing specific carboxyl-terminal Ca1a2X motifs with a 15-carbon farnesyl group. The thioether linkage is formed between the cysteine of the Ca1a2X motif and C1 of the farnesyl group. Protein substrate specificity is essential to the function of the enzyme and has been exploited to find enzyme-specific inhibitors for antitumor therapies. In this work, we investigate the thiol substrate specificity of protein farnesyltransferase by demonstrating that a variety of nonpeptidic thiol compounds, including glutathione and dithiothreitol, are substrates. However, the binding energy of these thiols is decreased 4−6 kcal/mol compared to a peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of H-Ras. Furthermore, for these thiol substrates, both the farnesylation rate constant and the apparent magnesium affinity decrease significantly. Surprisingly, no correlation is observed between the pH-independent log(kmax) and the thiol pKa; model nucleop...
FISH detection of t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma on Papanicolaou‐stained archival cytology slides

BACKGROUND The t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation is present in about 85% of follicular lymphomas (FL) and can be identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In the diagnostic laboratory setting, the cytologic archival material consists of stained slides, and only rarely is material saved for molecular testing. The authors proposed FISH for FL using Papanicolaou-stained archival cytology material as a practical ancillary technique for diagnosing FL. METHODS Cases included 35 FL, 6 small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemias (SLL/CLL), 4 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), 4 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), 1 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), and 10 reactive lymphoid tissues (RLT). FISH was performed on Papanicolaou-stained archival cytology slides using probes for immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) on chromosome 14 and BCL2 on chromosome 18. RESULTS In all, 25 of 32 (81%) FL cases exhibited the t(14;18) translocation, whereas 7 of 32 (19%) lacked the translocation. No cases of non-FL were positive for t(14;18). This series shows a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 100% for detecting the t(14;18) translocation as a diagnostic tool in FL. CONCLUSIONS When performed on Papanicolaou-stained cytology slides, FISH for t(14;18) is relatively sensitive and quite specific for FL. These findings are similar to those reported on other specimens, such as paraffin-embedded tissue and unstained cytology slides. The authors proposed that their technique would allow the pathologist and clinician the flexibility to utilize previously stained fine-needle aspiration slides for FISH evaluation. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Alternate-Day Administration of Pegvisomant Maintains Normal Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Levels in Patients with Acromegaly

IGF-I levels normalize in the majority of patients with acromegaly treated with the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant. To date, the efficacy of pegvisomant has been demonstrated with daily administration of doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg. However, given the known long half-life of the drug in circulation, we hypothesized that dosing less frequently than daily would still maintain the drug's efficacy. We studied 10 patients with active acromegaly treated with pegvisomant. This therapy was begun at 10 mg daily but then titrated up in dose or down to alternate-day dosing to try to maintain serum IGF-I levels in the upper half of the patients' age-adjusted normal range. We found that in five of 10 patients, serum IGF-I levels remained normal on less frequent than daily pegvisomant. Signs and symptoms of the disease and a disease-related morbidity, insulin resistance, remained improved in these patients. We demonstrate for the first time the continued efficacy of alternate-day administration of pegvisomant.
Some mechanisms of cerebellar foliation: effects of early hypo- and hyperthyroidism.

Summary The process of cerebellar foliation, occuring mainly postnatally in the rat, is characterized by the developmental increase in the number of folia separated by fissures. In an attempt to analyze some of the factors contributing to this process, rats were made hypo- or hyperthyroid from birth, since such treatments have been shown to significantly affect the postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex.. The foliation process was analyzed by counting the number of fissures in the cerebellar vermis and measuring the depth of these fissures from projected tracings of matched, stained, parasagittal sections, from controls, hypothyroids, and hyperthyroids at 5, 10, 15, 21, 24 and 30 days of age. Possible contributing factors were evaluated by determining the areal changes in the external granular layer (EGL), cortex (molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and internal granular layer) and subcortex (medullary layer) by planimetry performed on the same tracings. In control animals, a temporal relationship was found between the expansion of the EGL and the increase in number of fissures, as well as between the continued areal growth of the cortex during and after the decline of the EGL and further increases in fissure depth. Also, the day when the peak ratio of cortical to subcortical area occurs was found to correlate with the day when the maximum number of fissures is reached. Hypothyroidism, which prolongs the expansion of the EGL and retards cortical growth, as well as causing a retarded maximization of the ratio of cortical to subcortical area, also prolongs the foliation process, leading ultimately to the formation of a significantly greater number of fissures of decreased depth. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, which causes the premature decline and disappearance of the EGL, as well as decreased cortical growth and an early maximization of the ratio of cortical to subcortical area, leads to early cessation of the folication process and a reduced number of fissures, which are, however, of normal depth. It was concluded that due to changes in the normal timing of the interacting processes involved in cerebellar foliation (expansion of the EGL and growth of the cortex with respect to both the EGL and the subcortex), hypothyroidism causes an increase and hyperthyroidism a decreasee in the amount of cerebellar foliation in the rat.
New Coleoptera (Buprestidae and Cerambycidae

Resembling a small specimen of A. gibbula Lec. in form; head pronotum and ventral surface dark bronze, elytra black with bronze luster, each elytron with yellow markings as follows: a basal elongate stripe on third interspace from suture, three spots in line to rear, one at middle and two on apical third, along lateral margin a dot at base, an elongate area in front of middle, a spot at middle and two red posterior spots; pubescence moderate.
Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA

Turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture across the atmosphere-ocean interface are fundamental components of the Earth's energy and water balance. Characterizing both the spatiotemporal variability and the fidelity of these exchanges of heat and moisture is critical to understanding the global water and energy cycle variations, quantifying atmosphere-ocean feedbacks, and improving model predictability. This study examines the veracity of the recently completed NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) product with respect to its representation of the surface turbulent heat fluxes. A validation of MERRA turbulent heat fluxes and near-surface bulk variables at local, high-resolution space and time scales is achieved by making comparisons to a large suite of direct observations. Both in situ and satellite-observed gridded surface heat flux estimates are employed to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the surface fluxes with respect to their annual mean climatologies, their seasonal covariability of near-surface bulk parameters, and their representation of extremes. The impact of data assimilation on the near-surface parameters is assessed through evaluation of incremental analysis update tendencies produced by the assimilation procedure. It is found that MERRA turbulent surface heat fluxes are relatively accurate for typical conditions but have systematically weak vertical gradients in moisture and temperature and have a weaker covariability between the near-surface gradients and wind speed than found in observations. This results in an underestimate of the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes over the western boundary current and storm track regions. The assimilation of observations mostly acts to bring MERRA closer to observational products by increasing moisture and temperature near the surface and decreasing the near-surface wind speeds. The major patterns of spatial and temporal variability of the turbulent heat fluxes produced by MERRA compare favorably to observationally based estimates. However, MERRA is distinct in terms of amplitude. These results suggest that MERRA is likely to be a valuable resource for a number of research applications though, as with all turbulent flux estimates, systematic issues should be taken into account
Water-soluble 1,4-bis(4-aminostyryl)benzene derivatives for biological two-photon applications

1,4-Bis(4-aminostyryl)benzene derivatives have been shown to exhibit large two-photon cross-sections at ca. 730-745 nm and are typically highly fluorescent in organic solvents. For biological imaging applications, we have been interested in identifying water-soluble dyes with high two-photon cross-sections and fluorescence quantum yields. Four new bis(aminostyryl)benzene chromophores have been synthesized; these chromophores are functionalized with phosphate, sulfonate, and sulfate hydrophilic groups. In some cases, this substitution pattern renders the chromophores water-soluble and, for the sulfonate and sulfate cases, moderate fluorescence quantum yields are retained in water.
Nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicate that the Mastophoroideae (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) is a polyphyletic taxon

Abstract Nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences were determined for six species representing three genera classified within the Mastophoroideae, and also for two species of Amphiroa (Lithophylloideae). These data were combined with previously published 18S rRNA sequences for 38 other coralline species and analysed (1) to determine the phylogenetic position of the Mastophoroideae within the Corallinaceae and (2) to examine relationships among Hydrolithon, Metamastophora, Neogoniolithon and Spongites. Trees derived from parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of these data indicate that the Mastophoroideae is not monophyletic. Instead, our data suggest that the group is polyphyletic and includes species belonging to four distinct evolutionary lineages. For example, Neogoniolithon spp. were associated with geniculate members of the Corallinoideae, and Hydrolithon was resolved as sister to the geniculate genus Metagoniolithon. We demonstrate that each of the four ‘mastophoroid’ lineag...
Hidden Diversity in Honey Bee Gut Symbionts Detected by Single-Cell Genomics

Microbial communities in animal guts are composed of diverse, specialized bacterial species, but little is known about how gut bacteria diversify to produce genetically and ecologically distinct entities. The gut microbiota of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, presents a useful model, because it consists of a small number of characteristic bacterial species, each showing signs of diversification. Here, we used single-cell genomics to study the variation within two species of the bee gut microbiota: Gilliamella apicola and Snodgrassella alvi. For both species, our analyses revealed extensive variation in intraspecific divergence of protein-coding genes but uniformly high levels of 16S rRNA similarity. In both species, the divergence of 16S rRNA loci appears to have been curtailed by frequent recombination within populations, while other genomic regions have continuously diverged. Furthermore, gene repertoires differ markedly among strains in both species, implying distinct metabolic capabilities. Our results show that, despite minimal divergence at 16S rRNA genes, in situ diversification occurs within gut communities and generates bacterial lineages with distinct ecological niches. Therefore, important dimensions of microbial diversity are not evident from analyses of 16S rRNA, and single cell genomics has potential to elucidate processes of bacterial diversification.
Hybrid fluid/kinetic modeling of Pluto’s escaping atmosphere

Abstract Predicting the rate of escape and thermal structure of Pluto’s upper atmosphere in preparation for the New Horizons Spacecraft encounter in 2015 is important for planning and interpreting the expected measurements. Having a moderate Jeans parameter Pluto’s atmosphere does not fit the classic definition of Jeans escape for light species escaping from the terrestrial planets, nor does it fit the hydrodynamic outflow from comets and certain exoplanets. It has been proposed for some time that Pluto lies in the region of slow hydrodynamic escape. Using a hybrid fluid/molecular-kinetic model, we previously demonstrated the typical implementation of this model fails to correctly describe the appropriate temperature structure for the upper atmosphere for solar minimum conditions. Here we use a time-dependent solver to allow us to extend those simulations to higher heating rates and we examine fluid models in which Jeans-like escape expressions are used for the upper boundary conditions. We compare these to hybrid simulations of the atmosphere under heating conditions roughly representative of solar minimum and mean conditions as these bracket conditions expected during the New Horizon encounter. Although we find escape rates comparable to those previously estimated by the slow hydrodynamic escape model, and roughly consistent with energy limited escape, our model produces a much more extended atmosphere with higher temperatures roughly consistent with recent observations of CO. Such an extended atmosphere will be affected by Charon and will affect Pluto’s interaction with the solar wind at the New Horizon encounter. For the parameter space covered, we also find an inverse relationship between exobase temperature and altitude and the Jeans escape rate that is consistent with the energy limited escape rate. Since we have previously shown that such models can be scaled, these results have implications for modeling exoplanet atmospheres for which the energy limited escape approximation is often used.