cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robotic routers

Mobile robots equipped with wireless networking capabilities can act as robotic routers and provide network connectivity to mobile users. Robotic routers provide cost efficient solutions for deployment of a wireless network in a large environment with limited number of users. In this paper, we present motion planning algorithms for robotic routers to maintain the connectivity of a single user to a base station. We consider two motion models for the user. In the first model, we assume that the target's motion is known in advance. In the second model, user moves in an adversarial fashion and tries to break the connectivity.
Quantitative Recovery of Tissue Optical Properties in the Spatial Frequency Domain Using Modulated Imaging

We demonstrate the ability of Modulated Imaging to linearly and accurately recover absorption and scattering optical properties from experiments on homogeneous turbid phantoms. Examples of in-vivo property mapping on human skin and rodent cortex are also presented.
Measurement and Calibration of Installation Accuracy for a Phased Array Antenna

A method to measure the accuracy of phased array radar antenna after installation is discussed in this paper.According to the geometry modality of installation data of the radar antenna,the installation data of phased array radar antenna is collected with the optical instrument,the mathematic model of the examination is established,the data is matched with the linear regression algorithm and the least square algorithm,the maximum angle between the antenna undersurface and the horizontal plane and the angle between the antenna edge and the due north direction are calculated,the test error is evaluated and analyzed,the horizontal angle and the azimuth of phased array radar antenna are adjusted according to the detection data.The result shows that the accuracy of this method is better than that of the single measurement method and thus the pointing accuracy of the phased array radar system is improved.
Grounding Grids Corrosion Diagnosis Automation Test System and Its Key Techniques

To improve the working efficiency of grounding grids corrosion diagnosis and reduce the manpower and the errors of measurements,an automatic test system is established.The host of the proposed system sends the control commands through a SIO to the intelligential switching device to change the the positions of the current excitation and the voltage measurement automatically.The information of the voltage measurement is collected by the digital voltage meter connected with the host.As for each test position,the polarity and the magnitude of the excitation current are changed by the host to generate a series of test data,based on which,a linear curve fitting approach is taken.The program of the automatic test process and the key techniques of the automation test system are detailed.An experimental grounding grid with sixty branches is automatically tested by the proposed system.The results show the feasibility of the system and that the linear curve fitting approach can considerably improve the accuracy of the test data.
Advances in drought resistance ability of cultivated rice

Rice is one of the main food crops and drought is one of the main factors on limiting its production.Planting drought resistance rice varieties and carrying out water-saving cultivation are the important components of water-saving agriculture,and the development trend of modern agriculture.In the past few decades,the research on drought resistance of cultivated rice has made great progress;the breeding of drought resistance variety of cultivated rice,the information of water-saving cultivation techniques and the intensive studies on drought mechanism have provided the basis for rice production,so the continuously increasing of yield and economic benefits is obvious.The paper summarized the drought resistance researches of cultivated rice including the determination techniques of drought resistance,breeding of drought resistance,water-saving cultivation,drought resistance mechanism,drought resistance physiology and biochemistry,drought resistance genetic and molecular biology,etc.,it will provide the referrence basis for further studies.In the future,upland type management of drought seeding and wet seeding of cultivated rice should be strengthened to improve the water-saving cultivation techniques;the study on the foreign gene related to drought resistance should be enhanced to improve drought resistance of rice by applying modern biotechnology.
Analysis of HBV,HCV and HIV in Genital Herpes Population in Nanjing City

Objective:To bring understanding genital herpes population of Nanjing city in STD clinic of HBV,HCV and AIDS virus.Method: A toyal of 266 HSV positive cases were determined for hepatitis B virus surface antigen,hepatitis C virus antibodies and HIV antibodies infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Result:266 copies of HBV,HCV and HIV in blood samples of genital herpes infection rates were 11.65%(31/266),2.26%(6/266),1.13%(3/266).Conclusion:HSV/HBV mixed infection rate was higher than that of HSV/HCV mixed infection rate infection rate and the mixture of HSV/HIV(3/266).See more HSV/HBV dual infection in through sexual contact and HSV infection,herpes simplex virus infection in STD clinic(HSV)populations may be susceptible to HBV,HCV,HIV,particularly susceptible to HBV,should cause height to take seriously.
EMC analysis of collocated UHF frequency hopping systems employing active noise cancellation

Active noise (interference) cancellation, which involves sampling the outputs of each on-site in-band transmitter, applying the appropriate delays and gain, and inverting the phases, can allow UHF receivers to operate with adequate sensitivity during the simultaneous operation of high power UHF transmitters with minimal antenna spacing. Active noise (interference) cancellation can be used in both the standard, fixed frequency mode of operation, or in a frequency hopping mode. Active interference cancellation is being used with much success on land, air, and sea based communication systems to solve collocation problems. This paper shows the benefits gained by active noise cancellation and reviews the details of the several items that must be considered and analyzed when designing a UHF communication system for a dense cosite installation where active noise (interference) cancellation must be used.
RiVIERA-MT: A Bayesian model to infer risk variants in related traits using summary statistics and functional genomic annotations

Fine-mapping causal variants is challenging due to linkage disequilibrium and the lack of interpretation of noncoding mutations. Existing fine-mapping methods do not scale well on inferring multiple causal variants per locus and causal variants across multiple related diseases. Moreover, many complex traits are not only genetically related but also potentially share causal mechanisms. We develop a novel integrative Bayesian fine-mapping model named RiVIERA-MT. The key features of RiVIERA-MT include 1) ability to model epigenomic covariance of multiple related traits; 2) efficient posterior inference of causal configuration; 3) efficient full Bayesian inference of enrichment parameters, allowing incorporation of large number of functional annotations; 4) simultaneously modeling the underlying heritability parameters. We conducted a comprehensive simulation studies using 1000 Genome and ENCODE/Roadmap epigenomic data to demonstrate that RiVIERA-MRiVIERA-MTT compares quite favorably with existing methods. In particular, the efficient inference of multiple causal variants per locus led to significantly improved estimation of causal posterior and functional enrichments compared to the state-of-the-art fine-mapping methods. Furthermore, joint modeling multiple traits confers further improvement over the single-trait mode of the same model, which is attributable to the more robust estimation of the enrichment parameters especially when the annotation measurements (i.e., ChIP-seq) themselves are noisy. We applied RiVIERA-MT to separately and jointly model 7 well-powered GWAS traits including body mass index, coronary artery disease, four lipid traits, and type 2 diabetes. To leverage potential tissue-specific epigenomic co-enrichments among these traits, we harness 52 baseline functional annotations and 220 tissue-specific epigenomic annotations from well-characterized cell types compiled from ENCODE/Roadmap consortium. Overall, we observed an improved enrichments for GTEx whole blood and tissue-specific eQTL SNPs based on the prioritized SNPs by RiVIERA-MT compared to existing methods.
Preteens’ Ascribed Motivations to Smoke (Not Smoke)

Opponents of additional controls on tobacco marketing designed to protect children assert they are unnecessary because tobacco marketing is not salient to children. However, these children are at an important time in their lives, as they are on the cusp on entering their teen years, where risk and reward centers of the brain are out of balance and engaging in risky behaviors is commonplace (Cauffman et al, in press; Steinberg et al 2008). We find that preteens have sophisticated knowledge of promotion-related motivations to smoke and prevention-related motivations to not smoke and clearly recognize benefits of smoking (e.g., obtaining social approval from one’s peers, attracting members of the opposite sex, relaxation, stress reduction) despite reporting overwhelmingly negative attitudes toward smoking. These positive associations could potentially lead to impressions that are difficult to counter with anti-smoking messages, and perhaps lead to tobacco use initiation just a few years later.
Effect of fuel deposition rate on departure fuel load of migratory songbirds during spring stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Migrants are generally assumed to minimize their overall migration time by adjusting their departure fuel loads (DFL) in relation to anticipated and experienced fuel deposition rates (FDRs). We utilized a 21-yr long migration banding station dataset to examine the relationship between FDR and DFL during spring migration in six Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbird species during stopover along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) following trans-gulf flight. Estimates of fuel stores, stopover durations, and FDRs from our long term migration data set were combined to determine DFL. We expected and found that migrants across all six species adjust their DFL to the rate at which they deposit fuel reserves. This robust finding suggests that songbird migrants are sensitive to time constraints during spring passage presumably to fine-tune their stopover schedule in relation to experienced and anticipated habitat quality. Two of the species studied showed an effect of age on the FDR–DFL relationship: one was consistent with the expectation that older birds would be less sensitive to changes in FDR, while the second was contrary to our expectations and likely suggesting an age-dependent response to habitat quality. We found sex-dependent differences consistent with male DFL being more sensitive to FDR in only two of six species studied, and argue that both males and females are time constrained during spring passage in relation to arrival at breeding destinations. The positive relationship between FDR and DFL among all species and for age and sex groups in some species reflects a migration strategy sensitive to time.
Photolysis of Pincer-Ligated PdII–Me Complexes in the Presence of Molecular Oxygen

The reactions of t-BuPNP and t-BuPCP PdII–Me complexes (t-BuPNP = 2,6-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]pyridine and t-BuPCP = 2,6-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl) with O2 are described and compared with the reported O2 reactivity of related PdII–Me complexes. [(t-BuPNP)PdMe]Cl was found to react with O2 upon photolysis resulting in oxidation of the pincer ligand backbone to produce a (t-BuPNO)PdCl complex. In contrast, photolysis of (t-BuPCP)PdMe with O2 resulted in oxidation of the Pd–Me group to form (t-BuPCP)PdOCO2H. Isotopic labeling, radical initiators, and solvent studies were used to gain insight into the mechanisms of these unusual reactions of late metal alkyls with molecular oxygen.
Policy Solutions to Technological Unemployment

This chapter explores possible policy interventions to mitigate the effects of anticipated technological unemployment, and considers both the benefits and downsides of potential policy responses. It will focus on the viability of policies intended to delay or block technological innovation, on governmental job creation and stimulus policies, technology innovation polices, tax policy innovations, employment impact statements and disclosure policies, and longer term changes in how we value and reward social contributions. None of these proposed policies offers a “magic bullet” solution to the problem of technological unemployment, but portfolios of several of these policies may be effective in diminishing the impacts of technological unemployment.
Microbiota: A high-pressure situation for bacteria

Analyses in mice suggest that dietary salt increases blood pressure partly by affecting some of the microbes that inhabit the gut. The implications of this work for hypertension warrant further study in humans. See Article p.585 The role of the gut microbiota in human disease is becoming increasingly recognized. In this study, Dominik Muller and colleagues report that a diet high in salt alters the composition of the gut microbiota in mice, causing pronounced depletion of the commensal Lactobacillus murinus and reduced production of indole metabolites. Previous work has suggested that a high salt diet leads to the generation of pathogenic T helper 17 (TH17) cells, which have been linked to hypertension and autoimmunity. The authors show that treatment of mice on a high salt diet with L. murinus prevents salt-induced aggravation of actively induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis and salt-sensitive hypertension, through the suppression of TH17 cells. In a pilot study in a small number of humans, the authors also show that high-salt challenge induces an increase in blood pressure and TH17 cells, associated with a reduction in Lactobacillus in the gut. However, future work is required to determine whether the findings for mice are translatable to humans.
Myoclonus as a late manifestation of West Nile disease.

A 68-year-old man presented with rhythmic shaking of right-sided extremities that occurred several times per day. The patient appeared confused with incoherent speech. His medical history was significant for West Nile fever diagnosed 8 weeks prior and managed supportively. During that admission, there had been extensive testing that was negative for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV), HIV, syphilis or antinuclear antibodies. On examination, there was involuntary myoclonic jerking of the left face, neck and arm (online supplementary video 1). MRI of the brain was notable for leukoaraiosis (figure 1). ### Supplementary file 1 [SP1.mp4] Figure 1 Areas of hyperintense fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)/T2 foci noted in the superficial and deep subcortical white matter of the supratentorium. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed continuous generalised slowing, suggestive of a moderate diffuse encephalopathy. There was …
Changes With Lanthanum Carbonate, Calcium Acetate, and Phosphorus Restriction in CKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction Abnormal phosphorus homeostasis develops early in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unclear if its correction results in improved clinical outcomes in non–dialysis dependent CKD. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled, parallel design clinical trial in 120 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and abnormal phosphorus homeostasis (serum phosphorus >4.6 mg/dl, parathyroid hormone [PTH] >70 pg/ml or tubular reabsorption of phosphorus [TRP] Results Baseline characteristics were similar in the 3 groups. A total of 107 patients (89%) completed 12 months of follow-up. Differences were not significant at month 12 (vs. baseline) for any of the outcomes except bALP (median [25th, 75th] percentile at month 12 versus baseline: 13.8 [10.6, 17.6] vs. 15.8 [12.1, 21.1], P P = .002). Changes for all outcomes were similar in the 3 arms except for PTH, which was suppressed more effectively by calcium acetate ( P Conclusion A 1-year intervention to limit phosphorus absorption using dietary restriction or 2 different phosphorus binders resulted in decreased bALP suggesting improved bone turnover, but no other significant changes in biochemical or vascular parameters in patients with CKD stage 3/4. ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01357317 )
Behaviour Genetic Frameworks of Causal Reasoning for Personality Psychology

Identifying causal relations from correlational data is a fundamental challenge in personality psychology. In most cases, random assignment is not feasible, leaving observational studies as the pri...
Refocused Out-Of-Phase (ROOPh) DEER: A pulse scheme for suppressing an unmodulated background in double electron-electron resonance experiments.

Abstract EPR pulsed dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) is indispensable for measurements of nm-scale distances between electronic spins in biological and other systems. While several useful modifications and pulse sequences for PDS have been developed in recent years, DEER experiments utilizing pump and observer pulses at two different frequencies remain the most popular for practical applications. One of the major drawbacks of all the available DEER approaches is the presence of a significant unmodulated fraction in the detected signal that arises from an incomplete inversion of the coupled spins by the pump pulse. The latter fraction is perceived as one of the major sources of error for the reconstructed distance distributions. We describe an alternative detection scheme – a R efocused O ut- O f- Ph ase DEER (ROOPh-DEER) – to acquire only the modulated fraction of the dipolar DEER signal. When Zeeman splitting is small compared to the temperature, the out-of-phase magnetization components cancel each other and are not observed in 4-pulse DEER experiment. In ROOPh-DEER these components are refocused by an additional pump pulse while the in-phase component containing an unmodulated background is filtered out by a pulse at the observed frequency applied right at the position of the refocused echo. Experimental implementation of the ROOPh-DEER detection scheme requires at least three additional pulses as was demonstrated on an example of a 7-pulse sequence. The application of 7-pulse ROOPh-DEER sequence to a model biradical yielded the interspin distance of 1.94 ± 0.07 nm identical to the one obtained with the conventional 4-pulse DEER, however, without the unmodulated background present as a dominant fraction in the latter signal.
Iterative dominance in young children: Experimental evidence in simple two-person games

Abstract We investigate iterative reasoning in children from pre-kindergarten to first grade (4–7 years old). We consider two-person games that have a unique Trembling Hand Perfect Equilibrium but vary in three key features: iterative complexity (the number of iterations required to reach the equilibrium), perspective requirement (the identity of the player with whom the iteration should start) and action symmetry. The beliefs of participants regarding the decision of their partners are elicited either before or after their own choices are made. We obtain the following findings. (1) Iterative complexity is not necessarily a cause of equilibrium failure. (2) Games where the equilibrium action is the same for both players are correctly solved more often. (3) Starting a recursion by solving the problem of a different player is non-intuitive in all our age groups but it can be overcome by asking participants to think about their partner’s decision before making their own choices. (4) Such ex-ante belief elicitation can, however, be detrimental in complex asymmetric games. We discuss these results in the context of the development of logical abilities and theory of mind abilities.
Sexual performance of rams reared with or without females after weaning.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postweaning exposure to females on the subsequent sexual performance of young rams. Twenty-five crossbred rams were reared in a group with ovariectomized females from 4.5 to 9 mo of age. Ewes were brought into estrus every 2 wk during this period. A companion group of 23 crossbred rams was not exposed to females following weaning. Four 30-min sexual performance tests were administered at 10 mo of age. Rams reared with males and females (RMF) exhibited more mounts (P less than .001) and more ejaculations (P less than .002) than rams reared only with males (RM). The frequency of successful matings by the latter group did not increase with experience. Nine rams were sexually inactive in the sexual performance tests. Follow-up tests revealed that two of the RMF rams and one RM ram developed and maintained a sexual preference for males. The six remaining rams eventually mated with females when tested in familiar pens and subsequently exhibited normal levels of sexual performance even when tested in an unfamiliar enclosure. Exposure to ewes during the postweaning prepubertal period enhanced sexual performance. However, early exposure to females did not ensure that all males developed sexual preferences for females. The environmental context in which sexual performance tests are administered may inhibit the expression of heterosexual behavior in a small percentage of animals. After heterosexual behavior was expressed, the rams continued to show normal levels of sexual performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of D1 and D5 Dopamine Receptor Distribution in the Substantia Nigra and Globus Pallidus of Monkeys.

Dopamine acts through the D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptor families. Various studies have shown a preponderance of presynaptic dopamine D1 receptors on axons and terminals in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr), but little is known about D5 receptors distribution in these brain regions. In order to further characterize the potential targets whereby dopamine could mediate its effects in basal ganglia output nuclei, we undertook a comparative electron microscopic analysis of D1 and D5 receptors immunoreactivity in the GPi and SNr of rhesus monkeys. At the light microscopic level, D1 receptor labeling was confined to small punctate elements, while D5 receptor immunoreactivity was predominantly expressed in cellular and dendritic processes throughout the SNr and GPi. At the electron microscopic level, 90% of D1 receptor labeling was found in unmyelinated axons or putative GABAergic terminals in both basal ganglia output nuclei. In contrast, D5 receptor labeling showed a different pattern of distribution. Although the majority (65–75%) of D5 receptor immunoreactivity was also found in unmyelinated axons and terminals in GPi and SNr, significant D5 receptor immunolabeling was also located in dendritic and glial processes. Immunogold studies showed that about 50% of D1 receptor immunoreactivity in axons was bound to the plasma membrane providing functional sites for D1 receptor-mediated effects on transmitter release in GPi and SNr. These findings provide evidence for the existence of extrastriatal pre- and postsynaptic targets through which dopamine and drugs acting at D1-like receptors may regulate the basal ganglia outflow and possibly exert some of their anti-parkinsonian effects.
Automated Microwave Digestion of Certifiable Color Additives for Determination of Mercury by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A procedure using an automated microwave flow digestion technique was developed and validated for the digestion of samples of certifiable color additives before mercury determination by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Recovery studies were performed by spiking most of the color additives subject to batch certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with inorganic mercury (HgNO3) and with organic mercury (CH3HgCl). Successful recoveries of 72-113% Hg added at the 1 microg/g level were obtained. A method detection limit of 0.2 microg Hg/g was estimated from a Hg-spiked FD&C Yellow No. 6 sample. At the specification level of 1 ppm Hg (1 microg Hg/g), the 95% confidence interval was +/- 0.2 ppm (0.2 microg Hg/g).
Structure and Function of the Cytochrome c 2 :Reaction Center Complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides

In purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria, a c-type heme protein, cytochrome (Cyt) c 2, serves as the electron donor to the reaction center (RC) which is the site of the initial photochemical electron transfer. The second order rate of electron transfer from Cyt c 2 to the RC is diffusion limited and optimized to facilitate electron transfer through the photosynthetic apparatus. This review summarizes the X-ray crystal structure of the Cyt c 2:RC complex from Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides and studies based on the structure that elucidate the molecular basis for the role of the complex in electron transfer. The structure of the complex shows the heme cofactor in van der Waals contact with the reaction center and in close proximity to the bacteriochlorophyll dimer, the primary electron donor. The binding interface region includes: a) a solvent-separated region with long-range electrostatic interactions between complementary charged residues on Cyt c 2 and the RC which play a role in protein docking and binding, and b) a small central region with short-range interactions, including hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and a cation-π interaction, which play a role in binding the Cyt in close contact to the RC surface to facilitate strong electronic coupling between cofactors for rapid inter-protein electron transfer. Both types of interactions contribute to the binding. However, the two types of interactions have markedly different effects on the electron transfer kinetics. The long-range electrostatic interactions change the second order rate constant by changing the association rate but not the electron transfer rate in the bound state. The short-range interactions do not affect the association rate but change the dissociation rate as well as the electron transfer rate in the bound state. The strength of the binding interactions is optimized to allow sufficiently fast dissociation of the oxidized Cyt c 2 that does not limit the rate of cyclic electron transfer.
The Problem of Evil and Replies to Some Important Responses

I begin by distinguishing four different versions of the argument from evil that start from four different moral premises that in various ways link the existence of God to the absence of suffering. The version of the argument from evil that I defend starts from the premise that if God exists, he would not allow excessive, unnecessary suffering. The argument continues by denying the consequent of this conditional to conclude that God does not exist. I defend the argument against Skeptical Theists who say we are in no position to judge that there is excessive, unnecessary suffering by arguing that this defense has absurd consequences. It allows Young Earthers to construct a parallel argument that concludes that we are in no position to judge that God did not create the earth recently. In the last section I consider whether theists can turn the argument from evil on its head by arguing that God exists. I first criticize Alvin Plantinga’s theory of warrant that one might try to use to argue for God’s existence. I then criticize Richard Swinburne’s Bayesian argument to the same conclusion. I conclude that my version of the argument from evil is a strong argument against the existence of God and that several important responses to it do not defeat it.
P300-Based 3D Brain Painting in Virtual Reality

Brain Painting is a brain-computer interface (BCI) application that gives users the ability to paint on a virtual canvas without requiring physical movement [1-2]. Brain Painting has shown to improve the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), by giving patients a way to express themselves and affect society through their art [1]. Although there is currently no known cure for ALS, through such outlets we can help mitigate the physical and psychological impairments of those living with ALS. This paper discusses the development and testing of an immersive Brain Painting application using a Google brush-like tool in a 3D Environment, for able-bodied users. It also discusses how it can help provide a more immersive medium for users to express themselves creatively. In addition, we also discuss feedback received from a preliminary study on how the brush and application can be improved to better allow users to paint in VR using their brain.
Effects of Concussion in Adolescent Students: Perceptions and Performance.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare adolescent students with and without concussion on a battery of academic, neurocognitive, and socioemotional measures and assess the aftereffects of concussion across domains of functioning. Methods Twenty-four adolescents (ages 13-17) reporting postconcussion symptoms were compared to 24 controls matched for age and gender across a battery of tests and surveys. Results After correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no significant differences on any neuropsychological measures. Similarly, there were no significant group differences on academic measures of vocabulary, word recognition, or reading comprehension. Self-reported concussion symptoms were much greater for students with concussion, as were self-reports of anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms. Parents also rated those with concussion as having greater depression and somatization symptoms, but not to a degree that survived Bonferroni correction. Lastly, those with concussion reported a significantly greater number of school problems and academic concerns. Conclusions Results indicated that adolescents who reported postconcussion symptoms do not perform differently from peers on most neurocognitive and academic tasks, yet they showed considerably more worry, somatization, academic concerns, and feelings of inadequacy than matched controls. The findings suggest that interventions to address psychological and academic stress may be indicated for adolescents symptomatic from concussion.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Physical Properties of the New Thorium Chalcogenides CuTh2Te6 and SrTh2Se5

Single crystals of CuTh(2)Te(6) form by a stoichiometric reaction of the elements at 1000 degrees C. The compound crystallizes in the space group -P2(1)/m with unit cell parameters a = 6.170(2) A, b = 4.332(1) A, c = 10.424(3) A, beta = 98.85(1) degrees, and Z = 1 at 113 K. The structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray data. It consists of layers of [Th(2)Te(6)(-)] double chains joined by Cu(+) cations. Each Th atom is coordinated to eight Te atoms in a bicapped trigonal prismatic arrangement. There are three crystallographically unique Te atoms. Each ThTe(8) unit is bridged through one distinct Te atom, such that the capping Te atom of one unit forms the vertex of its neighbor. The two nonbridging Te atoms form infinite Te-Te chains along the exterior of the [Th(2)Te(6)(-)] layer. Copper atoms are coordinated to these Te atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. Owing to the existence of Te-Te bonds of intermediate length, the assignment of formal oxidation states in this compound is not possible. Four-probe dc electrical conductivity measurements of a single crystal of CuTh(2)Te(6) indicate the compound is a semiconductor along [010]. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the range 2-300 K show CuTh(2)Te(6) to be paramagnetic with m(eff) = 2.06 m(B) at 300 K. Single crystals of SrTh(2)Se(5) form from the reaction SrSe + Th + 3Sn + 3Se at 1000 degrees C. EDAX experiments show no tin present in several crystals analyzed. Transparent red blocks of SrTh(2)Se(5) crystallize in the space group -P2(1)/c with unit cell parameters a = 8.704(2) A, b = 7.861(2) A, c = 12.458(4) A, beta = 90.00(2) degrees, and Z = 4 at 113 K. The structure, which is related to that of U(3)S(5), is a three-dimensional framework with Sr cations located in one-dimensional channels. There are two distinct Th environments, bicapped trigonal prismatic and distorted monocapped octahedral. There are no Se-Se bonds and so formal oxidation states of Sr(2+), Th(4+), and Se(2)(-) may be assigned.
Academic Interest in Pain: Comparison of Four Specialties With Long-Standing Involvement in Pain Medicine.

Abstract Purpose One of the most interesting signs of growth in a medical specialty is the addition of pain medicine as a clinical subspecialty to it. The aim of this study was to analyze publication-based academic interest in pain medicine among clinical specialties with long-standing involvement in pain management. Methods We assessed the activity within several specialties in the development of an academic foundation for pain medicine by measuring the frequency of the most common pain topics (1998-2017) in academic journals representing such specialties. The selection of materials for the analysis of publication-based academic interest associated with the development of pain medicine followed a three-step process: (1) Medical specialties, limited to those with accredited fellowship training in pain medicine for more than 20 years – anesthesiology, neurology, physiatry, and psychiatry; (2) Pain topics, based on the degree of topic association with the work of pain clinics – a total of 34 topics; (3) Specialty journals, mostly official journals of societies publishing articles representing all aspects of a specialty – four journals per specialty. Specialty-related academic interest was characterized in two dimensions: its breadth (the number of different topics of interest with distinctly high shares of publications) and its intensity (maximal number of publications on a particular topic). Results According to the number of topics with a distinctly high share of articles per topic (≥ 5%), the rank order of specialties was as follows (of 34 topics): anesthesiology (22), physiatry (20), neurology (10), and psychiatry (0). Regarding comparative intensity of interest, anesthesiology has prevailing interest in 16 topics (especially in postoperative pain and pharmacologic pain treatment), physiatry in 13 topics (especially in physical methods of pain therapy), and neurology in one topic (headache disorders). Conclusion Publication-based academic interest in pain management was most intensive in two specialties, anesthesiology and physiatry, with anesthesiology being somewhat more multifaceted, especially in the methods of pain treatment.
Propagation-induced depth measurement biases for airborne laser hydrography

Of the many error sources associated with airborne laser hydrography, one of the potentially most serious is the effect of underwater light propagation, i.e., the scattering of the optical beam into a cone of steadily increasing angle. The basic premise of airborne laser hydrography is that the water depth can be determined by measuring the round-trip transit time for a short-duration light pulse which travels to the bottom and back to the surface along a fixed slanted path which makes a known angle from the vertical.
An MILP Model for Corn Planting and Harvest Scheduling Considering Storage Capacity and Growing Degree Units

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWCorn planting and harvest scheduling is an important problem due to having a significant impact on corn yield, balancing the capacities for harvest, transport, and storage operations. Different corn hybrids also have different planting window and poor planting and harvest schedules may cause erratic weekly harvest quantities and logistical and productivity issues. In the 2021 Syngenta Crop Challenge, Syngenta released several large datasets that recorded the historical daily growing degree units (GDU) of two sites and provided planting window, required GDUs, and harvest quantity of corn hybrids planted in these two sites. Then, participants of this challenge were asked to schedule planting and harvesting dates of corn hybrids under two storage capacity scenarios so that facilities are not over capacity in harvesting weeks and have consistent weekly harvest quantities. The two storage capacity scenarios include: (1) planting and harvest scheduling given the maximum storage capacity, and (2) planting and harvest scheduling without maximum storage capacity to determine the lowest possible capacity for each site. In this paper, we propose two mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models for solving this problem considering both the storage capacity and the uncertainty in GDUs. Our results indicate that our proposed models can provide optimal planting and harvest scheduling under different GDU possibilities which ensures consistent weekly harvest quantities that are below the maximum capacity.
Effect of the New Donor Heart Allocation System on Waitlist and Post-Transplant Mortality in Candidates and Recipients with a Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the new donor heart allocation system on waitlist and post-transplant (HTx) mortality in candidates listed with a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for adults listed for heart transplantation with a durable LVAD between October 2015 and August 2020. Fine-Gray competing risks analysis was utilized to examine the association between implementation of the new donor heart allocation system and removal from the waitlist due to death or worsening clinical condition among candidates listed with a durable LVAD. Post-HTx survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results 3399 (67.3) of the 5052 candidates included in this study were listed under the old system. Listing under the new system provided significant protection from waitlist removal due to death or clinical deterioration within 365 days (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.91, p=0.01) of listing (Figure A). Of these candidates, HTx recipients under the new system were more likely to experience death or retransplant within 365 days of HTx (HR: 1.84, 95% CI 1.42-2.40, p Conclusion Candidates listed with a durable LVAD experience less waitlist morbidity and mortality under the new system compared to the old system, although post-HTx survival may suffer. This could be representative of wider regional sharing of organs and associated increases in ischemic time.
Ankle-brachial index and subsequent risk of incident and recurrent cardiovascular events in older adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Abstract Background and aims The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a diagnostic test for screening and detecting peripheral artery disease (PAD), as well as a risk enhancer in the AHA/ACC guidelines on the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, our understanding of the association between ABI and cardiovascular risk in contemporary older populations is limited. Additionally, the prognostic value of ABI among individuals with prior ASCVD is not well understood. Methods Among 5,003 older adults at ARIC visit 5 (2011–2013) (4,160 without prior ASCVD [median age 74 years, 38% male], and 843 with ASCVD [median age 76 years, 65% male]), we quantified the association between ABI and the risk of heart failure (HF), and composite coronary heart disease and stroke (CHD/stroke) using multivariable Cox regression models. Results Over a median follow-up of 5.5 years, we observed 400 CHD/stroke events and 338 HF cases (242 and 199 cases in those without prior ASCVD, respectively). In participants without a history of ASCVD, a low ABI ≤0.9 (relative to ABI 1.11–1.20) was associated with both CHD/stroke and HF (adjusted hazard ratios 2.40 [95% CI: 1.55–3.71] and 2.23 [1.40–3.56], respectively). In those with prior ASCVD, low ABI was not significantly associated with CHD/stroke, but was with HF (7.12 [2.47–20.50]). The ABI categories of 0.9–1.2 and > 1.3 were also independently associated with increased HF risk. Beyond traditional risk factors, ABI significantly improved the risk discrimination of CHD/stroke in those without ASCVD and HF, regardless of baseline ASCVD. Conclusions Low ABI was associated with CHD/stroke in those without prior ASCVD and higher risk of HF regardless of baseline ASCVD status. These results support ABI as a risk enhancer for guiding primary cardiovascular prevention and suggest its potential value in HF risk assessment for older adults.
Reflections on the GAO Report on the Nuclear Triad

A report of the U.S. General Accounting Office on the nuclear triad revealed that vulnerabilities of the U.S. triad were vastly over‐stated, that the performance of new projected strategic systems were over‐estimated, and that the performance of existing U.S. strategic systems was under‐estimated. These exaggerations enhanced the psychological (Freud) aspects of the Cold War and compromised logic (Newton).
Can International Productivity Differences Explain U.S. Current Account Deficits

An influential explanation for the recent rise in the U.S. current account deficit is the boom in U.S. productivity. As U.S. productivity surged in the mid-1990s, capital was attracted to the U.S. to take advantage of the higher real returns. Using a two country general equilibrium model, this paper quantitatively shows that the gap in productivity growth between the U.S. and the "rest of the world" cannot explain the U.S. current account deficits, especially in the 1980s and the 2000s. This is because on a GDP-weighted basis, the "rest of the world" actually had higher productivity growth during these periods, and standard macroeconomic models would predict an outflow of funds from the U.S. to the rest of the world, and a consequent U.S. current account surplus. We show that changes in global financial integration can help explain this anomaly in U.S. current account behavior.
Translocation of nitrogen and carbon integrates biotic crust and grass production in desert grassland

1. Arid ecosystems are a patch mosaic of plants and biological soil crusts that have been described as islands and mantles of fertility, respectively. To determine whether these patches are metabolically linked by a fungal network of dark septate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we measured translocation of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in a desert grassland using 15 N-NO 3 and 13 C 5 , 15 N-glutamic acid as substrates. 2. Substrates were applied as point sources to either small patches of biotic crust or to a subset of leaves within a bunch grass tussock. 3. Both substrates were translocated over approximately 1 m 2 areas (approximately 20 patches) at rates up to 100 cm day -1 during a 4-day period following a natural rainfall event. Foliar uptake of 15 N from glutamate was initially more rapid than 15 N uptake from nitrate, and translocation from foliage was initially more rapid than translocation from soil crust. Rates of 15 N translocation between patches were similar to rates of atmospheric N deposition and denitrification. 4. 13 C from 13 C 5 , 15 N-glutamic acid applied to leaves was translocated to crust suggesting that plant C may provide metabolic support to biological soil crusts during periods of active growth. 13 C from 13 C 5 , 15 N-glutamic acid applied to soil crusts did not enter plants, in contrast to the 15 N from this substrate, indicating that glutamate was not translocated intact. 5. The dominant fungi of roots, rhizosphere soil and biological soil crusts are dark septate ascomycetes, most classified as Pleosporales, and AMF are rare. Phylogenetic analyses indicate substantial overlap in fungal community composition between roots and crusts, which may facilitate nutrient transfers. 6. Synthesis. This study supports the hypothesis that the spatial structure of semi-arid ecosystems, a patch mosaic of grasses and biological soil crust described, respectively, by the island of fertility and mantle of fertility paradigms, is functionally integrated by exchanges of C and N through a symbiotic fungal network dominated by dark-septate fungi.
Storyboard Process to Assist in Requirements Verification and Adaptation to Capabilities Inherent in COTS

One of the challenges of using COTS is defining which requirements and business processes can be supported with COTS products while limiting the amount of customization and integration code that is required. Limiting customization and integration code reduces risks, lowers maintenance costs, improves ability to upgrade and provides the customer more for their investment. To help customers better understand their requirements and reduce COTS customization, SAIC successfully used storyboards during the requirements phase. The storyboard process integrates "use cases" and screen captures to assist the customers in verifying and adapting their requirements to the capabilities inherent in the COTS products. An additional bonus of this process is that the screen captures also support the design phase of the user interface features. The storyboard process described in this paper was used to develop large COTS-based systems for customers who historically developed large custom software applications.
The Westernization of a Russian Province: The Case of Novgorod

A team of American researchers, headed by a noted Sovietologist specializing in urban affairs, describes and analyzes the Westernization of a Russian oblast of roughly 750,000 population in 1997. T...
A 0.6ps jitter 2–16 GHz 130nm CMOS frequency synthesizer for broadband applications

A low-power 2–16 GHz frequency synthesizer fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology is presented. A singlesideband mixer combines feed-forward and regenerative mixing techniques as well as frequency divide-by-two circuits to achieve the wide frequency range. A dynamic current-clipped QVCO that exhibits excellent phase noise and outstanding quadrature phase accuracy is developed. The frequency synthesizer fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology achieves 0.6ps jitter and spurs tones under −42dBc while consuming a maximum power of 64mW with 1.2/1.8V power supplies.
Teaching emergence and evolution simultaneously through simulated breeding of artificial swarm behaviors

We developed a simple interactive simulation tool that applies the simulated breeding method to evolve populations of Reynolds’ Boids system. A user manually evolves swarm behaviors of artificial agents by repeatedly selecting his/her preferred behavior as a parent of the next generation. We used this tool as part of teaching materials of the course “Mathematical Modeling and Simulation” offered to engineering-major junior students in the Department of Human Communication at the University of Electro-Communications, Japan, during the Spring semester 2005. Students actively engaged in the simulated breeding processes in the classes and voluntarily evolved a rich variety of swarm behaviors that were not initially anticipated.
Accelerated Procedure for Salmonella Detection in Dried Foods and Feeds Involving Only Broth Cultures and Serological Reactions

A procedure has been developed in which Salmonella can be detected in dried foods and feeds within 50 hr. This includes preenrichment (18 hr), selective enrichment (24 hr), elective enrichment (6 to 8 hr), and serological testing (2 hr). The procedure is as sensitive as the more time-consuming, traditional (plating, biochemical, and serological) procedure which may require at least 4 to 5 days. The new procedure is rapid and accurate in comparison to traditional procedures. Moreover, it is simple and inexpensive to perform. As described, the procedure does not necessitate the isolation of pure cultures, but this step is performed easily if desired.