cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synovial cell sarcoma: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Objectives/Hypothesis Synovial cell sarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor predominantly of the lower extremities. Three percent of cases arise in the head and neck region. It is thought that head and neck synovial sarcoma has a better prognosis than tumors of the extremities. Our experience has demonstrated aggressive behavior of this neoplasm in the head and neck. This compelled us to compare our experience with other studies. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods We obtained the records of patients diagnosed with head and neck synovial sarcoma from the Tumor Registry of the University of Louisville School of Medicine (Louisville, KY) and affiliated hospitals for data compiled between January 1990 and December 2000. Data on patient demographics, clinical findings and symptoms, histological findings, treatment, extent of disease, recurrence, and survival were recorded. The literature was reviewed identifying reports of synovial cell sarcoma. Results Five consecutive patients with synovial cell sarcoma were assessed at our facility. The median patient age was 28.2 years. All of the patients underwent an aggressive primary surgical excision followed by irradiation. All patients received chemotherapy after recurrence. Four of the five patients had local recurrence, and all five of the patients developed distant metastases. Three of the patients have died, and two are alive with evidence of disease. Novel sites are reported including the ethmoid sinus and the parotid gland. This group demonstrated a 40% 5-year overall survival, which was lower than the 60% 5-year survival reported in the literature for all sites. Conclusions Synovial cell sarcoma of the head and neck is a disease of young people and carries a poor prognosis. The aggressive nature of the disease may require modification of accepted treatment modalities and sequence.
Iron binding β-hairpin peptides

Posttranslational modification of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) yields a unique functional group in biomolecular systems. Oxidation produces a quinone, which can undergo cross linking while deprotonation is well suited to metal binding. Mussels, tunicates and bacteria chelate iron and other metals with multiple dopa subunits. Solution equilibria between catechols and iron indicate favorable assembly though this interaction has not been studied with highly structured biomolecules, such as peptides, despite their widespread biological applications. Here, a series of β-hairpin peptides are generated. Dopa is involved in an aromatic interaction as the edge position. Despite the presence of the surrounding secondary structure dopa readily undergoes oxidation and cross linking. Formation of bispeptide:iron complexes also occur in the presence of mild to significant aromatic interactions.
Working toward better cancer pain management for children.

purpose: Management of the pain experienced by children with cancer is critical to minimize the psychological distress and physiologic responses to their illness and its treatment. overview: A team approach to providing care, using guidelines for pharmacologic management intertwined with nonpharmacologic strategies, while individualizing the care of a specific child, is required. Pain management must start with assessment using tools that are age appropriate and well suited to the clinical situation. Dosages of the recommended opioid and nonopioid medications that are suitable for children as well as the role of locally, systemically, and epidurally administered anesthetic agents are described by the authors. clinical implications: By following this practical approach, children can be prepared and supported during the various intensive oncology therapies often associated with pain that are now offered in the hope of improving the survival of children with cancer.
Microfacies and Sedimentary Structures in Deeper-Water Lime Mudstones: ABSTRACT

Limestone deposited in downslope or in basinal positions possesses several distinctive criteria based on microfacies, bedding, and fauna. The microfacies include (1) homogenous lime mudstone, (2) millimeter-laminated End_Page 485------------------------------ lime mudstone, and (3) common micropelletoid lime grainstone (calcisiltite). The latter may show fine ripple cross-lamination. These rock types may occur in graded sequences but non-graded alternations are also common. Several kinds of minor sedimentary rhythms are recognized. The limestone types generally are dark, but light colored and even pink or red varieties are known. Distinctive monotonous bedding, consisting of planar relatively thin (½- to 2-foot) limestone beds interlayered regularly with thinner beds of dark shale, is common. Chert beds may be intercalated in such sequences. Spectacularly large cut-and-fill structures (stretching more than 100 yards) and presumably caused by submarine penecontemporaneous sliding are seen in places. Convolute bedding and flame structur s indicative of soft sediment slumping are scarce. Distinctive faunal assemblages exist in these beds. Siliceous and calcareous microplankton (radiolarians, diatoms, calcispheres, and tintinnids), sponge spicules, graptolites, pelagic or nektonic pelecypods, pelagic Foraminifera (globigerinids), pteropods, and certain ammonoids are especially characteristic. Field observations of this limestone type show that it commonly forms a sort of apron down very gentle slopes from typical carbonate shelves and in many places regionally is peripheral to a depositional basin, the center of which contains a thin section of dark shale. Recognition of this facies permits one to predict proximity to a carbonate-shelf margin. In several locations lime mudstone mounds are seen slightly upslope from basinal lime mudstone. Both the even and regularly bedded lime mudstone and calcisiltite and the mudstone mounds contrast with characteristic limestone turbidite (allodapic limestone) which probably represents accumulations down from relatively steeper slopes, in more tectonically active environments, and perhaps downslope from shelves with higher water agitatio . Numerous examples of "deeper-water" but non-turbiditic limestone are discussed from basins and geosynclinal troughs in the late Paleozoic of the western United States, the Cretaceous and Jurassic of Mexico, the Middle East, and Europe. End_of_Article - Last_Page 486------------
Nonparametric Simulation of Single-Site Seasonal Streamflows

Various parametric and nonparametric models have been suggested in literature for stochastic generation of seasonal streamflows. State-of-the-art nonparametric models are reviewed herein and their drawbacks identified. We developed a simple model that employs the k-nearest neighbor resampling algorithm with gamma kernel perturbation (denoted as KGK model), which enables generation of data that are not the same as the historical data. For preserving the annual variability two approaches are developed. The first one employs the aggregate variable concept (KGKA model), and the second one uses a pilot variable that leads the generation of the seasonal data (KGKP model). The pilot variable refers to the annual data that has been previously generated, but its role is not for disaggregation but rather for conditioning the state that guides the generation of seasonal flows. The proposed models have been compared with a currently available nonparametric model that considers the reproduction of the interannual vari...
The helium atom in its ground state embedded in strong magnetic fields

The helium atom in its ground state, subject to strong magnetic fields, is treated using a variational method. Trial functions consisting of Gaussians with nonlinear parameters variationally optimized are used. The form of these functions is a generalized s-symmetry-state properly modified to admit spatial deformation along the direction on which the magnetic field is applied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hypercarbia in the infant with congenital cardiac disease

Three infants are described who illustrate 3 distinct mechanisms by which cardiac disease may cause carbon dioxide retention: 1) hypoventilation 2) large alveolar dead space and 3) decreased effective pulmonary blood flow.
Direct holmium laser-assisted balloon angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract The holmium laser (Thulium-Holmium-Chromium: yttrium-aluminum garnet [YAG]laser) system was recently introduced for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial and coronary artery lesions. 1–6 This pulsed mid-infrared laser (2.1 μm) ablates atherosclerotic tissue without significant thermal damage to adjacent tissue. 2,3,6,7 This study was designed to test the hypothesis that delivery characteristics of and tissue sensitivities to holmium laser energy make it a feasible treatment option in patients with acute myocardial infarction, with thrombosis and atherosclerotic plaque. In this report, we provide data on the first 3 cases of direct laserassisted balloon angioplasty during an acute myocardial infarction.
Deviations from hyperbolic dependency of transport processes

Abstract The rate expression is not simple for the net uptake of a substrate from the cell's environment. Typically, a substrate is passed via a permease, and/or a carrier molecule which traverses the membrane by a process which is possibly coupled to an energy-consuming mechanism, and then finally it is enzymically utilized for cell growth or returned to the environment by some leak process. Mathematically, neither this full case, nor one-way entry, nor one-way efflux, nor the steady-state entry, discharged by independent efflux mechanisms yield simple hyperbolic dependencies on substrate concentration. On the other hand, the calculations presented here show the deviations from hyperbolic kinetics are not large unless possibly extreme choices of certain of the kinetic constants are made. Computations are presented supporting and defining the area of applicability of the previous theoretical treatment of permease action (Koch, 1967) . In that paper, the basic equation describing the steady-state transport was approximated so that it necessarily had to result in hyperbolic dependencies on the external substrate concentration. The generalizations that the apparent dissociation constant of a transport system is much larger when measured in the reverse direction to that in which metabolic coupling impels the transport flux is further supported.
Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. IV. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate and cyst hydration.

The concentration of ATP in cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, has been studied as a function of cyst hydration. Cysts dried over CaSO4 contain 0.02 gH2O/g cysts and 0.54 +/- 0.05 (S.D.) mumoles of ATP/g dried cysts. Addition of water up to 0.05 g/g cysts produced no net change in the level of ATP during incubation. Hydration levels between 0.05 and 0.62 g/g cysts resulted in a net loss of ATP, whereas above 0.65 g/g cysts a net increase was observed with incubation time. No net change in the amount of ATP, compared with dried cysts, was detected between the latter two hydrations. These results, when integrated with those from previous work, indicate that conventional aerobic energy metabolism does not begin until cyst hydrations of about 0.65 g/g are achieved. The fate of ATP in cysts hydrated to levels lower than 0.65 g/g was discussed.
The Aharonov-Bohm effect: Why it cannot be eliminated from quantum mechanics

Abstract The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a necessary and easily understood feature of conventional quantum mechanics. Attempts to remove it from the theory must involve a drastic change in our understanding of the quantization and conservation of angular momentum, or of the role of the classical equations of motion in quantum mechanics. The key point is that a charged particle is the source of an electric field which will penetrate a magnetic field from which the particle is excluded. The crossed fields contain angular momentum whose existence alters the motion of the particle because the total angular momentum is quantized.
Synthesis of Nonribosomal RNA by Lymphocytes: A Response to Phytohemagglutinin Treatment

When lymphocytes are stimulated to enlarge and divide by treatment with phytohemagglutinin, most of the rapidly synthesized RNA is nonribosomal. The phenomenon is a response by lymphocytes to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, rather than a general concomitant of lymphocyte growth.
A Statewide Observational Assessment of the Pedestrian and Bicycling Environment in Hawaii, 2010

INTRODUCTION: Walking and bicycling are important but underused modes of transportation in the United States. Road design influences how much walking and bicycling takes place along streets and roads. Currently, numerous national policy initiatives, including Safe Routes to School and Complete Streets, are attempting to improve pedestrian and bicycling infrastructure and "friendliness." However, no state has completed a systematic assessment of its streets to determine how amenable they are to walking and bicycling. Our statewide study was undertaken to assess how accessible and friendly Hawaii roads are to these 2 activities. METHODS: We randomly selected street segments in Hawaii's 4 counties and then completed objective assessments using the Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan. We audited 321 segments, and interrater reliability was adequate across all measures. Streets were coded as high (42.4%) or low capacity (57.6%) depending on how much vehicular traffic the street was designed to accommodate. Outcome measures included street accommodations (ie, sidewalks and crossing aids) and pedestrian and bicyclist use.. RESULTS: Most high-capacity streets had sidewalks (66%). These sidewalks were usually in good condition, contiguous, and had traffic control devices and pedestrian signals. Most low-capacity roads did not have sidewalks (63.4%). Bicycling facilities were limited ( Language: en
TRENDS IN MANATEE (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LATIROSTRIS) COUNTS AND HABITAT USE IN TAMPA BAY, 1987–1994: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION

Aerial surveys (n= 88) were used to document locations and count sightings of manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in the inshore waters of Tampa Bay, Florida, between November 1987 and May 1994. We made 5,358 sightings of manatees in 1,958 groups. Calves represented 8% of the manatees sighted. Counts were significantly higher in winter (x= 79, n= 29 flights) than in non-winter (x= 46, n= 47) months. Counts of manatees in winter increased significantly during the study, but warm-season counts did not. Regression models demonstrated a relationship between counts and environmental factors. Year-round counts were related to air temperatures and seasons, with highest counts in winter. However, in the winter season, counts were significantly correlated only with wind speed, not air temperature. Yearround counts were predicted to be curvilinear with highest counts at 15°C average air temperature. Areas used differed with season: in cold weather, 76% of all sightings occurred in zones with warm-water sources. High-use areas were identified for summer months. Spatial filter analysis was used to compare manatee density in high-use areas between two two-year time periods. The data indicate that (1) manatee use of Tampa Bay was high and increasing in winter, (2) there are particular zones of the bay where conservation of manatees and habitat should be a priority, and (3) sufficient information has been collected for management agencies to develop and implement manatee protection plans.
Effects of tensile plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of AISI 4140 steel

The magnetic properties of a number of specimens of AISI 4140 alloy steel were measured after they had been subjected to different amounts of tensile plastic deformation. Results showed that while some magnetic parameters such as coercivity and initial permeability varied in a simple manner with plastic deformation, others such as anhysteretic permeability and maximum differential permeability were largely insensitive to the deformation. These conclusions have implications for the separation of elastic and plastic strain from magnetic nondestructive evaluation measurements.
The deacetylase Sirt6 activates the acetyltransferase GCN5 and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Summary Hepatic glucose production (HGP) maintains blood glucose levels during fasting but can also exacerbate diabetic hyperglycemia. HGP is dynamically controlled by a signaling/transcriptional network that regulates the expression/activity of gluconeogenic enzymes. A key mediator of gluconeogenic gene transcription is PGC-1α. PGC-1α's activation of gluconeogenic gene expression is dependent upon its acetylation state, which is controlled by the acetyltransferase GCN5 and the deacetylase Sirt1. Nevertheless, whether other chromatin modifiers—particularly other sirtuins—can modulate PGC-1α acetylation is currently unknown. Herein, we report that Sirt6 strongly controls PGC-1α acetylation. Surprisingly, Sirt6 induces PGC-1α acetylation and suppresses HGP. Sirt6 depletion decreases PGC-1α acetylation and promotes HGP. These acetylation effects are GCN5 dependent: Sirt6 interacts with and modifies GCN5, enhancing GCN5's activity. Lepr db/db mice, an obese/diabetic animal model, exhibit reduced Sirt6 levels; ectopic re-expression suppresses gluconeogenic genes and normalizes glycemia. Activation of hepatic Sirt6 may therefore be therapeutically useful for treating insulin-resistant diabetes.
Reframing Asperger syndrome: lessons from other challenges to the Diagnostic and statistical manual and ICIDH approaches

The medical approach to Asperger syndrome (AS) classifies it as a mental disorder. This paper critically examines the concept of mental illness as specified by the Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) in the light of published assessments and accounts of AS provided by a variety of sources. Taken together, these accounts provide further support for reframing AS as a socially constructed human difference rather than a pathology. The demedicalization of homosexuality is offered as one potential model for the nature of the reframing of AS.
Uniqueness of Spontaneously Broken Gauge Theories.

We have made a systematic search for theories of interacting heavy vector mesons which have unitarily bound trees. In simple cases (four vector mesons and one scalar particle) the only unitarily bound models are spontaneously broken gauge theories. Evidently, a unitarity bound, which controls high-energy behavior, imposes internal symmetry on heavy-vector- boson interactions.
Expression of an evolutionarily conserved function associated molecule on sheep, horse and cattle natural killer cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes that lyse a wide variety of transformed and virally-infected target cells without prior exposure to antigen, and without restriction by major histocompatibility complex antigens. Although NK cells have been identified in a variety of mammalian species, how NK cells recognize antigen and trigger lysis is unknown. Recently, monoclonal antibodies made against NK-like cells from teleost fish were shown to react with NK cells from humans and rats, and to inhibit their cytolytic activity. The role of this apparently evolutionarily conserved function-associated molecule (FAM) has been further investigated utilizing a variety of domesticated farm animal species. It was observed that the anti-FAM mAb reacted specifically with peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from sheep, horses and cattle. Further, the anti-FAM mAb inhibited NK cell lytic activity in each of these species. Finally, the anti-FAM mAb was found to inhibit conjugate formation between NK and target cells, implying that the FAM was involved in antigen recognition by NK cells in each of these species. In conclusion, it appears that NK cell function is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved FAM in a wide variety of species.
The Psychometric Properties of the Preschool-Wide Evaluation Tool (PreSET)

This report documents the reliability and validity of scores on the Preschool-Wide Evaluation Tool (PreSET), an assessment used to measure program-wide implementation of the universal level of posi...
A Novel Missense (M206K) STAT3 Mutation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Deregulates STAT3 Signaling

Persistent STAT3 activation has been found in activated B-cell like diffuse large B cell tumors (DLBCL). To investigate whether genetic mutations play a role in aberrant STAT3 signaling in DLBCL, we bi-directionally sequenced all 24 exons of the STAT3 gene in DLBCL tumors (n = 40). We identified 2 novel point mutations in 2 separate (2/40; 5%) patients at exon 7 and 24. Point mutation 2552G>A was a silent mutation in the stop codon. Another heterozygous mutation 857T>A encoded a methionine substitution by lysine at codon 206 (M206K) in the coiled-coil domain of STAT3. We performed site directed mutagenesis to mutate wild type (WT) STAT3α and STAT3β at codon 206 and constructed stable cell lines by lentiviral transfection of STAT3αWT, STAT3αM206K, STAT3βWT and STAT3βM206K plasmids. The mutation was found to increase STAT3 phosphorylation in STAT3α mutant cell lines with no effect on the STAT3β mutant cell line. Transcriptional activation was also increased in the STAT3α mutant cells compared with STAT3α WT cells as detected by a luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, STAT3αM206K mutant cells were resistant to JAK2 pathway inhibition compared to STAT3α WT cells. These results indicate that missense mutations in STAT3 increase signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway. JAK2 inhibitors may be useful in the patient with this STAT3 mutation as well as those with pathway activation by other mechanisms.
INVESTIGATION OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE FRAGMENTATION WITH MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION FOURIER-TRANSFORM MASS SPECTROMETRY AND SUSTAINED OFF- RESONANCE IRRADIATION

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) can be combined with Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTMS) for the detailed structural examination of biomolecules such as peptides and oligonucleotides. We have been able to detect molecular ions for bovine heart cytochrome c (MW = 12,327) by MALDI-FTMS (355 nm laser desorption, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid matrix). Although the mass resolution of these molecular ions is poor, the experiments verify that the MALDI-FTMS mass range for our 3-tesla instrument is in excess of m/z 12,000. Accurate mass measurements and selective dissociation experiments were used to examine the fragmentation pathways of small oligonucleotides in detail. Sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) was found to be superior to conventional on-resonance collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) for the efficient dissociation and detection of fragment ions for oligonucleotides. These experiments indicated that oligonucleotide fragmentation is a complex process and results not only from simple elimination of nucleic bases and cleavages of phosphate ester bonds, but also by rearrangement processes in which a terminal phosphate moiety can be transferred to an internal phosphate group.
Retroauricular hairline approach for excision of second branchial cleft cysts: a preliminary experience.

OBJECTIVE: To report our preliminary experience with a retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) for excision of second branchial cleft cysts (SBCC) and to present a relevant literature review. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of two consecutive patients diagnosed with SBCC who underwent surgical removal via a RAHI. Relevant demographic, clinicopathological, and radiological data was recorded. A web-based search was conducted to identify relevant scientific literature on "retroauricular hairline incision /approach" in order to present a systematic review of current literature. RESULT: In both cases, the SBCC (6.0 cm and 3.8 cm) could be safely excised without major complications. One patient developed a temporary hypoesthesia of ear lobe. None of the patients had a postoperative infection, hematoma, spillage of cyst fluid, or necrosis of the skin flap. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome of the procedure (100%). The incisions healed well without any evidence of hair loss or keloid formation. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the RAHI offers an excellent surgical outcome and cosmetic result with no proven increased risks to the patients who require surgical excision of a benign SBCC.
Excitation-contraction of single vascular smooth muscle cells and lymphatics in vivo☆

Abstract Individual vascular smooth muscle cells and comparable contractile units in terminal lymphatics studies in vivo require calcium ions in the surrounding interstitial fluid for contraction. Binding Ca ++ ions with EDTA or preventing their entrance with verapamil inhibits all spontaneous contraction (vasomotion) and blocks their activation by epinephrine. This behavior differs from that reported for the response of isolated segments of larger arteries and veins studied in vitro . It is suggested that the response of these cells in vivo may more accurately represent the behavior of the smooth muscle cells involved. The spontaneous contractions of the small venules are always preceeded by a spike-like depolarization of the cell membrane measured with intracellular microelectrodes.
Scattering of Continental Shelf Waves at a Discontinuity in Shelf Width

Abstract An analytical solution is presented for the scattering of a free shelf wave incident upon a discontinuity in shelf width in a barotropic ocean. The discussion of solutions relying on backscattered free-waves with large wavenumbers which may not exist in a realistically stratified ocean is avoided by considering only the range of parameters over which energy transmission is nearly 100%. There is a substantial transfer of energy to modes other than that of the incident wave. The mode most readily excited is that which has the cross-shelf structure most closely coinciding with that of the incident wave. The resultant presence of multiple modes produces a strong alongshelf modulation in flow intensity and phase progression downstream of the scattering region which may affect the interpretation of shelf wave observations. A nondispersive long shelf wave pulse is shown to scatter into a train of pulses of differing mode number, each propagating at its own flee wave speed.
Microstructural study of nitrogen-implanted Ti6Al4V alloy

A comprehensive study of the microstructural effects of nitrogen ion implantation on Ti6Al4V alloy has been carried out. The work was promoted by the fact that the corrosive wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy in an environment similar to that encountered in medical applications can be considerably improved by nitrogen ion implantation using the plasma source ion implantation technique. The alloy was implanted with 50 keV nitrogen ions to different doses ranging from 9 × 1020 to 1 × 1022atoms/m2. Composition distribution within the implanted region was characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy. Microstructural studies were based on transmission electron microscopy. Better understanding of the wear/corrosion behavior is obtained from the study of the microstructures resulting from implantation and provides guidelines for further improvement of the wear/corrosion properties of Ti6Al4V alloy.
Physiological significance of the concentration of human milk glucose

The concentration of glucose in human milk, [Glucose]milk, was directly related to the volume of milk secreted not only during lactogenesis and weaning but also during full lactation. To investigate the mechanism for this observation we first established that glucose equilibrates across the apical membrane of the mammary alveolar cell, using infusion of stable isotopically labelled glucose into lactating women. Our results indicate that [Glucose]milk can be used to measure the glucose concentration in the mammary alveolar cell, [Glucose]cell. We then investigated the regulation of glucose transport into the mammary alveolar cell using glucose clamp methodology in fully lactating and weaning women. Maintenance of high plasma insulin concentrations for four hours under euglycemic conditions had no effect on [Glucose]milk, demonstrating that insulin does not regulate glucose transport into the mammary gland. On the other hand, maintaining the [Glucose]plasma at twice the fasting level resulted in a 3-fold increase in the steady state [Glucose]milk in fully lactating women and a 5-fold increase in [Glucose]milk in weaning women. Kinetic analysis of the data showed that the Vmax for glucose transport into the mammary alveolar cell across the basolateral membrane is regulated by the level of synthetic activity in the mammary alveolar cell.
The lived experience of nurses enrolled in the regents college nursing program

Abstract This qualitative research study was undertaken to investigate the experience of being a registered nurse (RN) student enrolled in a specific nontraditional nursing program, ie, Regents College Nursing Program (RCNP), from the perspective of the RCNP baccalaureate gradute. Fifteen RN bachelor's of science in nursing (BSN) graduates of RCNP participated in this descriptive phenomenological investigation in which participant interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed phenomenologically using Colaizzi's methodology. An exploration of the language of human experience and human expression yielded 101 themes within 20 theme clusters, yet the meaning of the experience was characterized by 8 major clusters that included recounting reasons for choosing RCNP, describing learning approaches for testing, describing the challenges of testing conditions, experlencing stress and describing its effects, describing feelings of uneasiness, describing responses to failure, providing support, and finding ways of mastering Regents. It also was discovered that an underlying theme of stress suggested a pervasive pattern throughout the thematic clusters: stress wove its way throughout the fabric of the experience and caused a disruption of the entire design. The interpreted description of the lived experience of these RN students uncovered reasons for RN baccalaureate program selection by nurses that supported previous research assumptions, isolated specific stressors affecting nurses involved in performance testing, and clarified specific needs of nurses, especially with regard to support networks and learning resources. The results of this study may provide future RN students with information to make a more informed decision about choosing RCNP for a baccalaureate program. In addition, a better understanding of adult learners may assist nurse educators in developing curricula that facilitate professional growth for RN students and relieve some of the possible stress associated with the education process.
Multichannel AMBA AHB with multiple arbitration technique

The on chip bus plays key role in the system on chip design by enabling the efficient integration of heterogeneous system component like CPUs, DSPs, application specific cores, memories, custom logic. As the level of design complexity has become higher, soc design requires a system bus with high bandwidth to perform the multiple operations in parallel. There has been several type of high performance on chip buses proposed to solve the bandwidth problem such as multichannel AHB busmatrix in ARM, the PLB crossbar switch in IBM, and CONMAX in silicore. Among them multichannel AHB busmatrix have been widely used in many SOC designs. This is because the simplicity of AMBA BUS of ARM, which attracts many IP designers and good architecture of the AMBA bus for applying embedded system with low power. In this project, we implemented multichannel AMBA AHB with its multiple arbiteration techniques such as round robin, fixed priority. AMBA AHB is basically single layer bus. In this project we implement and design the interconnect matrix for single layer amba ahb which includes four masters and four slaves. The design of flexible centre arbiter for flexible busmatrix supports the different priority policies such as round robin, fixed priority, dynamic arbitration. In this, we also design the new arbiter which removes the dynamic arbiter disadvantages. In this new arbiter we combine the round robin and dynamic arbiter. The design of single layer AMBA AHB includes all the AMBA AHB signals or specifications. We designed and implemented this by using xillinx simulators and by using FPGA (SPARTAN) because this provides flexibility and high density.
Galvano-thermomagnetic effects in semiconductors and semi metals—III. The standard and kane band models

Abstract A general theory of transport for a band of spherical symmetry in k -space was developed in a prior paper. Using three special functions for the dependence of energy on wave number vector (the parabolic band, the Kane band for energy gap small or large compared to the spin-orbit splitting), the six basic galvano-thermomagnetic transport coefficients (GTMTC) have been determined in terms of specific transport integrals which must be evaluated numerically. Simple analytic expressions for the GTMTC have been obtained in certain limiting cases. It is of special interest that the parametric dependence of the Nernst coefficient on the scattering index is sensitive to the band curvature.
Synthesis of Chiral Pilocarpine Analogues via a C-8 Ketone Intermediate

The synthesis of a chiral pilocarpine analogue 3 in which the lactone ring is replaced by an oxazolidinone and the bridging methylene group is in the ketone oxidation state has been accomplished. The utility of this compound as a key intermediate for the preparation of more complex structures was demonstrated by its reduction to two alcohol epimers and its reaction with a methylene ylide.
Fitness Variation Due To Sexual Antagonism and Linkage Disequilibrium

Extensive fitness variation for sexually antagonistic characters has been detected in nature. However, current population genetic theory suggests that sexual antagonism is unlikely to play a major role in the maintenance of variation. We present a two-locus model of sexual antagonism that is capable of explaining greater fitness variance at equilibrium than previous single-locus models. The second genetic locus provides additional fitness variance in two complementary ways. First, linked loci can maintain gene variants that are lost in single-locus models of evolution, expanding the opportunity for polymorphism. Second, linkage disequilibrium results between any two sexually antagonistic genes, producing an excess of high- and low-fitness haplotypes. Our results uncover a unique contribution of conflicting selection pressures to the maintenance of variation, which simpler models that neglect genetic architecture overlook.
Glycoside hydrolase inventory drives plant polysaccharide deconstruction by the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus

The genome of Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus encodes a range of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that mediate plant biomass deconstruction by this bacterium. Two GH-based genomic loci that appear to be central to the hydrolysis of hemicellulosic and cellulosic substrates were examined. XynB-XynF (Csac_2404-Csac_2411) encodes intracellular and extracellular GHs that are active towards xylan and xylan side-chains, as well as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). XynD (Csac_2409) and XynE (Csac_2410) were produced recombinantly and confirmed to be xylanases. XynF (Csac_2411) was produced in two separate polypeptides, each with one GH43 catalytic domain displaying α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity. CelA-ManB (Csac_1076-Csac_1080) encodes four multi-domain, extracellular GHs, including CelB (Csac_1078), a 118 kDa extracellular enzyme not present in the other genome-sequenced member of this genus, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii (formerly Anaerocellum thermophilum). CelB contains both GH10 and GH5 domains, separated by a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3). CelB encoded in Csac_1078 differed from the version originally reported (Saul et al., 1990, Appl Environ Microbiol 56:3117–3124) with respect to linker regions. CelB hydrolyzed xylan and CMC, as well as barley b-glucan, glucomannan, and arabinoxylan. For all substrates tested, intact CelB was significantly more active than either the individual GH5 and GH10 domains or the two discrete domains together, indicating that the multi-domain architecture is essential for complex carbohydrate hydrolysis. Transcriptomes for C. saccharolyticus grown at 70°C on glucose, xylose, xyloglucan, switchgrass, and poplar revealed that certain GHs were particularly responsive to growth on switchgrass and poplar and that CelB was in the top decile of all transcripts during growth on the plant biomass.
Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems

The black shale submember of core shales of Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems is highly enriched in redox-sensitive trace elements (TEs) relative to the overlying gray shale submember as well as to many other modern and ancient organic-rich deposits. Controls on trace-element behavior in the black shale can be inferred from trace-element enrichment factors (EFs, relative to gray shale) and the relationship of TEs to total organic carbon (TOC). Most TEs conformed to one of two patterns: (1) Mo, U, V, Zn, and Pb exhibited moderate EFs and strong covariation with TOC in samples having 10 wt.% TOC; and (2) Cu, Ni, Cr, and Co exhibited low EFs and moderate to strong covariation with TOC in all samples. These patterns are inferred to represent different responses to benthic redox conditions. The first pattern is characteristic of TEs of ‘‘strong euxinic affinity’’, i.e., those taken up in solid solution by Fe-sulfide or involved in other reactions catalyzed by free H2S, and resident mainly in authigenic phases, whereas the second pattern is characteristic of TEs of ‘‘weak euxinic affinity’’, i.e., those not strongly influenced by the presence of free H2S and resident mainly in the organic carbon or detrital fractions of the sediment. These inferences allowed development of a multiproxy technique for assessing redox facies in black shale samples: euxinic conditions were considered to have existed if at least two of four ‘‘redox-indicator’’ trace elements (Mo, U, V, Zn) showed euxinic levels of enrichment, and nonsulfidic anoxic conditions were inferred otherwise. The validity of the procedure is indicated by (1) agreement among all four ‘‘redox indicators’’ for a large majority of samples (69% of 185); (2) among samples yielding a mixed redox signal, a systematic sequence of TE enrichment (V !Zn !Mo !U); and (3) for TEs of ‘‘weak euxinic affinity’’, reduced variance among samples representing each redox facies. Sequential enrichment may be a response to differential redox thresholds for accumulation (e.g., V) or postdepositional remobilization of trace elements (e.g., U) and may provide a basis for finer assessment of redox conditions in low-oxygen paleoenvironments than permitted by simple classification schemes. The multiproxy procedure for redox-facies analysis developed in this study is likely to be more reliable than widely used single-proxy indicators based on trace elements (e.g., Mo, authigenic U, or V/(V+Ni)) or C–S–Fe systematics (e.g., S/TOC or DOP). D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
IMPROVED INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND ITS COMPOSITION: 1950–1980

A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950-80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as well.
Risk of cancer in patients receiving insulin glargine.

Purpose The risk of malignancy in patients using insulin glargine was evaluated. Summary Patients with diabetes mellitus have increased rates of cancers including breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Since nondiabetic patients with increased levels of insulin have similar rates of the same cancers, hyperinsulinemia could be key. Normally, insulin produces metabolic effects and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) produces mitogenic effects. Since the molecules are structurally similar, it is possible for insulin to act like IGF-I, promoting mitogenicity. Concern that insulin may promote the growth of some cancers is heightened with insulin analogues, since changing the structure of human insulin could produce molecules with increased mitogenic potential. In vivo, insulin glargine has been shown to have greater mitogenic potential than human insulin. It is unknown whether this occurs in vitro, because the insulin glargine molecule is transformed once injected. Studies published in 2009 suggest that patients on insulin glargine could be at greater risk for cancer than patients on other antidiabetes therapies, but the trial results are conflicting. In response, the Food and Drug Administration, American Diabetes Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and European Association for the Study of Diabetes have formally stated that patients should continue to use insulin glargine until more information is available. Conclusion Studies on the relationship between insulin glargine and cancer have been inconclusive.
Early identification of at-risk students using a personal response system

The article focuses on an early identification system for at-risk students. The system will be a personal response system. The authors analysed personal response system (PRS) data from science courses. The authors discovered that there was a noteworthy relationship between grade distribution and the order in which students registered their PRS clickers. Students who registered their equipment early received a much higher probability of success than those registering later. The data makes it possible to identify students with a higher probability of failure.
A feedback chaotic circuit design

A three-terminal device with negative differential conductance region is studied in a simple third-order feedback configuration. The circuit components are synthesized to produce an autonomous chaotic dynamic. The results show this design approach may lead to practical chaotic circuit implementations and also suggest that resonant tunneling transistors in switching configurations might exhibit chaotic behavior for certain circuit parameters.
The Proterozoic Record of Eukaryotes

Proterozoic strata host evidence of global “Snowball Earth” glaciations, large perturbations to the carbon cycle, proposed changes in the redox state of oceans, the diversification of microscopic eukaryotes, and the rise of metazoans. Over the past half century, the number of fossils described from Proterozoic rocks has increased exponentially. These discoveries have occurred alongside an increased understanding of the Proterozoic Earth system and the geological context of fossil occurrences, including improved age constraints. However, the evaluation of relationships between Proterozoic environmental change and fossil diversity has been hampered by several factors, particularly lithological and taphonomic biases. Here we compile and analyze the current record of eukaryotic fossils in Proterozoic strata to assess the effect of biases and better constrain diversity through time. Our results show that mean within assemblage diversity increases through the Proterozoic Eon due to an increase in high diversity assemblages, and that this trend is robust to various external factors including lithology and paleogeographic location. In addition, assemblage composition changes dramatically through time. Most notably, robust recalcitrant taxa appear in the early Neoproterozoic Era, only to disappear by the beginning of the Ediacaran Period. Within assemblage diversity is significantly lower in the Cryogenian Period than in the preceding and following intervals, but the short duration of the nonglacial interlude and unusual depositional conditions may present additional biases. In general, large scale patterns of diversity are robust while smaller scale patterns are difficult to discern through the lens of lithological, taphonomic, and geographic variability.
Analytical Stability Condition of the Latency Insertion Method for Nonuniform G LC Circuits

The latency insertion method (LIM) is a transient simulation technique for circuits and is based on a finite-difference formulation, like the well-known finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwells equations. The LIM, like the FDTD method, is only conditionally stable resulting in an upper bound for the time step of the transient simulation. This bound on the time step is a function of the circuit topology and the circuit element values. It is critical to know this bound analytically for a given circuit. However, stability conditions of the LIM have been proven only for 1-D, infinitelylong, distributed uniform RLC circuits, employed in transmission line modeling. For nonuniform circuits, these conditions have been predicted and have been observed experimentally as well but have not been possible to prove using the existing stability analysis techniques. Recently, analytical stability conditions of the LIM for nonuniform RLC circuits have been proven using the Lyapunovs direct method (LDM). However, when a conductance to ground (G) is added to a node of an LC or RLC circuit, the stability conditions cannot be derived using the Lyapunov function proposed. In this brief, analytical stability condition of the LIM is derived for the first time for nonuniform GLC circuits using the LDM with a new Lyapunov function.
Production and electrophoretic verification of F1 hybrids between the sibling species Rhagoletis pomonella and R. cornivora

To investigate the potential for natural interspecific hybridization in the Rhagoletis pomonella group of sibling fruit fly species, an attempt was made to hybridize R. pomonella, the apple maggot fly, with R. cornivora, a non-pest feeding on dogwoods. Laboratory hybridization was difficult, with only five F 1 hybrids produced. Electrophoretic analysis of the hybrids confirmed their hybrid origin. Allele frequency data for three diagnostic loci in up to 5,596 individuals of the parental species, gathered from published and unpublished studies, indicate that the two sibling species hybridize in nature very infrequently, if at all
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Fatigue in Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

Fatigue is a common symptom in a large number of medical and psychological disorders, including many rheumatologic illnesses. A frequent question for health care providers is related to whether reported fatigue is “in the mind” or “in the body”—that is, central or peripheral. If fatigue occurs at rest without any exertion, this suggests psychological or central origins. If patients relate their fatigue mostly to physical activities, including exercise, their symptoms can be considered peripheral. However, most syndromes of fatigue seem to depend on both peripheral and central mechanisms. Sometimes, muscle biopsy with histochemistry may be necessary for the appropriate tissue diagnosis, whereas serological tests generally provide little reliable information about the origin of muscle fatigue. Muscle function and peripheral fatigue can be quantified by contractile force and action potential measurements, whereas validated questionnaires are frequently used for assessment of mental fatigue. Fatigue is a hallmark of many rheumatologic conditions, including fibromyalgia, myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and ankylosing spondylitis. Whereas many studies have focused on disease activity as a correlate to these patients’ fatigue, it has become apparent that other factors, including negative affect and pain, are some of the most powerful predictors for fatigue. Conversely, sleep problems, including insomnia, seem to be less important for fatigue. There are several effective treatment strategies available for fatigued patients with rheumatologic disorders, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.