cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Malicious ramp-induced temporal data attack in power market with look-ahead dispatch

We present a new class of cyber attack on state estimation, which may lead to financial arbitrage in power markets with time-coupled look-ahead dispatch models. It is shown that in look-ahead dispatch, attackers can manipulate the limits of ramp constraints of generators, withhold their generation capacity, and consequently make a profit. The feasibility and economic impact of such cyber attacks on real-time electricity market operations are illustrated in the IEEE 14-bus system.
Intrapartum assessment by house staff of birth weight among twins.

OBJECTIVE To determine among twins in labor: 1) the relative accuracy of an intrapartum sonographic estimate of the birth weight for both fetuses using biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference, 2) the accuracy of detecting discordant growth (difference in actual birth weights greater than or equal to 15%), and 3) the estimate of fetal weight for nonvertex twin B that would reliably avoid breech extraction of infants less than 1500 g. METHODS Retrospectively, we identified and analyzed parturients with twins who had an intrapartum sonogram performed by a house officer assigned to the labor and delivery suite. RESULTS The mean birth weight (+/- standard deviation) for the twin A group was 1910 +/- 628 g and for twin B was 1869 +/- 668 g. The mean standardized absolute errors for the twin A group (121 +/- 118 g/kg) and the twin B group (92 +/- 67 g/kg) were not significantly different (P = .06). Analysis of variance revealed that regardless of the presentation of the fetuses, the mean standardized absolute error was not significantly different (P = .10). Using a difference in the estimates of birth weight of 15% or greater, the positive and negative predictive values of detecting discordant growth within a twin pair were 53 and 83%, respectively. Among 30 vertex-nonvertex twin pairs, 12 of the second fetuses had actual birth weights of 1500 g or less, and all were estimated to weigh less than 1700 g. CONCLUSIONS The intrapartum sonographic estimate of fetal weight in twin pregnancy by house staff appears reliable, and the accuracy of prediction is similar regardless of presentation, discordance, or actual birth weight greater or less than 1500 g. To avoid vaginal delivery of a persistent nonvertex twin B with a birth weight of 1500 g or less, a sonographic estimate of 1700 g for the second fetus may be adequate.
FIELD DEPENDENCE‐INDEPENDENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEX

This supplementary bibliography is dedicated to Herman A. Witkin, who died on July 8, 1979. It was Hy's hope that, through this series of bibliographies with index, theory refinement and research on field dependence-independence and psychological differentiation would be advanced. It is in this spirit that we carry on this project.
Uterine and whole body oxygen extractions in the pregnant rabbit under chronic steady-state conditions+

Seventeen pregnant rabbits were studied under conscious, unstressed conditions after catheterization of the right ventricle (RV), a femoral artery (A), and a uterine vein (UV). Respiratory gas tensions, pH, and oxygen saturations and contents were determined serially throughout the latter half of gestation. The uterine coefficient of oxygen extraction increased with gestational age (R = 0.86) and became 60.6% +/- 0.3% during the last 4 days of pregnancy. To compare uterine perfusion with whole body perfusion in relationship to oxygen demands, the (Ao2 - UVo2/Ao2 - RVo2) ratio was computed. The ratio was greater than or equal to 1 after 20 days of gestation, which demonstrated that in regard to oxygen demands the rabbit uterus is relatively underperfused compared to the rest of the maternal organism in the last part of pregnancy. A comparison with analogous data in other species demonstrates that the pregnant rabbit, like the guinea pig, has a much lower rate of uterine blood flow than does the pregnant sheep. These interspecies differences in the perfusion rate and oxygen extraction of the pregnant uterus are related to differences in placental structure.
Magnetic Aftereffect in Compositionally-Modulated Ni/Cu Multilayers Prepared by Electrodeposition and by Sputtering

A relaxation of the magnetization following a rapid change in the magnetic field has been found in a compositionally-modulated Ni/Cu multilayer produced by sputtering. This finding demonstrates that the relaxation previously found in compositionally-modulated alloys produced by electrodeposition is a property of the material and not an artifact of the electrodeposition process.
Retinal adherence and fibrillary surface changes correlate with surgical difficulty of epiretinal membrane removal.

Purpose To correlate surgical difficulty of epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal with characteristics of ERM adherence seen by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Design Prospective observational case series. Methods Surgical difficulty was correlated with extent of ERM adherence by SD-OCT using masked observers in consecutive eyes undergoing ERM removal (N = 31). Surgical videos were analyzed and difficulty of ERM removal (grade 1-3) was determined in 4 quadrants as well as the fovea by consensus of observers masked to SD-OCT findings. Extent of ERM adhesion was categorized (focal, broad, or complete) by masked observers using SD-OCT. The presence of fibrillary changes between the ERM and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was also evaluated. Surgical difficulty of ERM removal for each quadrant and fovea was compared to extent of ERM adherence and presence of fibrillary changes. Results Assessment of ERM adherence using SD-OCT between masked observers was highly concordant (kappa = 0.9178). Surgical difficulty of ERM removal was strongly associated with more extensive ERM adherence to the retina observed by SD-OCT. Complete ERM adherence correlated with an 8.6-fold increased surgical difficulty of ERM removal compared to focal adherence ( P P Conclusion Extent of ERM-retinal adhesion and presence of fibrillary changes determined by SD-OCT provide reliable preoperative assessment of surgical difficulty. Furthermore, SD-OCT analysis may help localize surgically advantageous coordinates to initiate ERM removal.
Synthesis of selectively 15N‐ or 13C‐labelled malachite green

Two complimentary syntheses of selectively 15N- or 13C-labelled malachite green hydrochloride were developed in order to provide labelled ligands for structural studies of RNA aptamer/ligand complexes. The 15N- and 13C-labelled versions of the dye have been used in NMR studies to probe the changes in the electronic charge distribution and dynamics of the dye upon binding to RNA. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry of tunicamycin-type antibiotics.

Several Streptomyces and Clavibacter species produce a family of tunicamycin-like antibiotics (tunicamycins, streptovirudins, corynetoxins, etc.) that inhibit the polyprenol-P:N-acetylhexosamine-1-P translocase family, thus blocking both bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation. The mechanisms of biosynthesis and resistance to these toxins by the producing bacteria are largely unknown. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric techniques are described that structurally assign tunicamycin N-acylated variants in the picomolar range. A voltage gradient across the ESI inlet port was used to generate fragmentation ions that were structurally diagnostic for the tunicamycins. The application of in-line reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray MS (LC-ESI-MS) resulted in the identification of eight new tunicamycins. Based on these structural assignments a revised nomenclature for tunicamycins is proposed. Application of the LC-ESI-MS methodology to culture supernatants and cellular extracts of the tunicamycin-producing bacterium, Streptomyces lysosuperificus, confirmed tunicamycin production and showed it to be growth-temperature dependent, but did not detect corynetoxins production in culture by phage-infected Clavibacter toxicus.
Tutorials for the first-time computer user

This paper describes a general methodology and principles for the preparation of tutorials, or computer-assisted instructional courses, to introduce first-time users to computer terminals. The methodology and principles are especially designed to prepare tutorials that will make computers seem friendly and that will motivate casual or discretionary users to learn more about computers. Examples are drawn from a tutorial prepared for the IBM 3277 Display Station.
Families over a base with a birationally nef tangent bundle

MathematicsSubjectClassi cation(1991):14J10,14D99Itisawell-knownconsequenceoftheTorellitheoremthatasmoothprojec-tivefamilyofcurvesofgenusatleast2overaprojectiverationalorellipticcurveisisotrivial,thatis,the bresofthefamilyareisomorphic.Sincetheautomorphismgroupofacurveofgenusatleast2is nite,thisalsoimpliesthatthefamilybecomestrivialaftera nitebasechange.The above statement was generalized for smooth projective families ofminimalsurfacesofgeneraltypein[Migliorini95],andforsmoothprojec-tivefamiliesofvarieties(ofarbitrarydimension)withamplecanonicalbundlein[Kovacs96].Botharticlesstudiedfamiliesovercurves.Theaimofthisarticleistopresentafurthergeneralization,namelyletthebaseofthefamilyhavearbitrarydimension.0.1Theorem=4.2Theorem.Letf:X !S beasmoothmorphismofpro-jectivealgebraicvarietiessuchthatthecanonicalbundleofevery breoffisample.AssumethatS isbirationaltoanS
Risk-adapted donor lymphocyte infusion based on chimerism and donor source in pediatric leukemia

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is commonly used to treat leukemia relapse following stem cell transplantation. In florid relapse, however, the efficacy of DLI is limited with substantial risk of severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Here, we develop a novel risk-adapted strategy characterized by pre-emptive DLI initiated at the time of mixed chimerism, a small starting dose based on donor source, dose-escalation guided by real-time chimerism monitoring and withholding of DLI immediately in patients achieving full donor chimerism. A total of 178 DLIs were given to 38 patients with mixed chimerism; thereafter, 33 patients (86.8%) had donor chimerism successfully increased, including 30 (78.9%) who had chimerism fully converted back to 100% donor. Cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly lower (P=0.00004) and overall survival higher (P=0.0003) in patients with chimerism fully corrected as compared with those of patients whose chimerism remained mixed. Only 13.2% of the patients developed acute grade III-IV GvHD with no associated mortality. In conclusion, the risk-adapted DLI strategy is useful in minimizing the risk of childhood leukemia relapse, GvHD and death.
Novel perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB)-containing polymers and dendrimers for photonic devices

A wide variety of aromatic trifluorovinyl ether monomers and highly fluorinated crosslinkable dendrimers have been developed via novel synthetic strategies. Through the thermal dimerization of trifluorovinyl ether moieties on the monomers or on the periphery of dendrimers, these monomers or dendrimers can be melt or solution polymerized to form perfluorocyclobutane(PFCB)-containing prepolymers with good processability for optical waveguide fabrication. By further thermal crosslinking, the resulting thermoset materials possess low optical loss (0.3-0.4 dB/cm at 1310 nm with 1% of DR-1 or DCM doping), high thermal stability (T g : 100-400 °C), good thermo-optic property, high solvent and humid resistance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. The combination of processability and performance in these PFCB-containing thermoset materials make them as ideal candidates for the fabrication of high-performance polymeric planar lightwave circuit components with the applications in the telecom and datacom optical networks.
DUBs at a glance

The discovery of protein ubiquitylation three decades ago was the beginning of our understanding of a new mechanism by which proteins are marked for assembly into macromolecular complexes or movement between cellular compartments. The finding that ubiquitylation (the covalent attachment of the small
The Tic-Tac-Toe Theory of Gravity

The Tic-Tac-Toe theory is a qualitative, phenomenological theory that automatically explains many of the features of the universe that we see, such as dark matter and dark energy. In that sense it is a Copernican theory that gives an alternate approach, which immediately and intuitively explains phenomena,independently of any detailed dynamics, for which the explanations in accepted standard theories are usually somewhat ad-hoc.
TIMP-1 inhibits microvascular endothelial cell migration by MMP-dependent and MMP-independent mechanisms

It was reported over a decade ago that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) suppresses angiogenesis in experimental models but the mechanism is still incompletely understood. This in vitro study focused on the molecular basis of TIMP-1-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell (EC) migration, a key step in the angiogenic process. Both recombinant human TIMP-1 and the synthetic MMP inhibitors, GM6001 and MMP-2-MMP-9 Inhibitor III, suppressed migration of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVEC) in a dose-dependent fashion. The MMP-dependent inhibition of migration was associated with increased expression of the junctional adhesion proteins, VE-cadherin and PECAM-1, and VE-cadherin accumulation at cell-cell junctions. TIMP-1 also caused MMP-independent dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) (pY397) and paxillin, which was associated with reduced number of F-actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Moreover, TIMP-1 stimulated expression of PTEN that has been shown to reduce phosphorylation of FAK and inhibit cell migration. Our data suggest that TIMP-1 inhibits HDMVEC migration through MMP-dependent stimulation of VE-cadherin and MMP-independent stimulation of PTEN with subsequent dephosphorylation of FAK and cytoskeletal remodeling.
Platelet-activating factor modulates microvascular dynamics through phospholipase C in the hamster cheek pouch.

We studied the interactions between platelet-activating factor (PAF) and phospholipase C (PLC) in the modulation of microvascular responses in the hamster cheek pouch using intravital microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis. Changes in arteriolar diameter and in integrated optical intensity (IOI, an index of vascular permeability) were measured. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran 150 (FITC-Dx 150) served as a tracer for macromolecular transport. 2-Nitro-4-carboxyphenyl N,N-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and 1-(6-((17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3, 5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5,-dione (U-73122), two PLC inhibitors, were applied topically in separate experiments. PAF at 10(-7) M elevated IOI from baseline to a mean +/- SEM value of 70. 7 +/- 8.9 units. Pretreatment with 10(-4) and 10(-5) M NCDC and with U-73122 at 10(-5) and 10(-6) M attenuated the maximal increment in mean IOI (+/-SEM) induced by PAF at 10(-7) M to mean +/- SEM values of 30.6 +/- 6.5, 39.3 +/- 6.0, 12.1 +/- 4.8, and 41.5 +/- 6.0, respectively. The simultaneous vasoconstrictor action of 10(-7) M PAF was expressed as the experimental-to-baseline ratio, with the baseline diameter adjusted to a value of 1. PAF constricted the arterioles to a mean +/- SEM ratio of 0.30 +/- 0.07. Pretreatment with the PLC inhibitors NCDC at 10(-4) and 10(-5) M NCDC and with U-73122 at 10(-5) and 10(-6) M attenuated 10(-7) M PAF-induced vasoconstriction to mean +/- SEM diameter ratios of 0.55 +/- 0.05, 0. 48 +/- 0.06, 0.55 +/- 0.08, and 0.58 +/- 0.06, respectively. Our results demonstrate that PLC is an element of the biochemical pathway involved in PAF modulation of microvascular permeability and in PAF modulation of arteriolar diameter.
Effects of preferred orientation on Snoek phenomena in commercial steels

Abstract The dependence of the carbon Snoek peak height on preferred orientation determined from inverse pole figures has been examined in two aluminum-killed and two silicon-treated steels. Texture variations were produced by cold rolling and annealing and by varying the direction in the plane of the sheet along which internal friction specimens were cut. The texture was described by measuring volume fractions associated with 10 different single-crystal orientations and defining, for polycrystals deformed in torsion, a texture factor which ranges from zero for an axial 〈1 0 0〉 texture to 100 for a 〈1 1 1〉 texture. A linear relationship was found between the Snoek peak height and the texture factor. The Snoek peak height varies appreciably with angle in the plane of the sheet for these steels, with a nominal 3% silicon steel showing the largest variation in peak height and texture factor. Cold reduction and subsequent annealing causes a small increase in the Snoek peak height and texture factor.
Interactions of macrophages and T cells in autoimmune diabetes

In autoimmune diabetes, the interactions between CD4 T cells and macrophages are critical to the development and progression of inflammatory events in the pancreatic islet lesion. Cytokines and chemokines produced by autoreactive CD4 T cells lead to recruitment and activation of macrophages. Macrophages, when activated, produce additional inflammatory mediators and become effector cells in pathogenesis.
Psychophysiological responding as a function of age: the importance of matching

Few studies in the past which have employed psychophysiological measures have controlled for age. We have studied the effects of age on the heart rate, hand surface temperature, cephalic vasomotor response, and frontal electromyographic activity (EMG) of 73 normal individuals who varied in age from 18 to 68 years and were evenly divided into younger, middle, and older age groups. Comparisons were made between groups across eight conditions — baseline, relax body, warm hand, relax facial muscles, mental arithmetic, positive imagery, negative imagery, and cold pressor. Results indicated a direct linear relationship between age and electromyographic activity during relax facial muscles and mental arithmetic conditions. There was also a linear relationship between age and hand surface temperature during stressor conditions. Most important, significant interactions were found for both frontal EMG and heart rate measures with age. Post hoc analyses revealed differences on the frontal EMG levels between younger and older age groups during negative imagery, warm hand, and cold pressor conditions. Heart rate differences were found during positive imagery between the younger age group and the medium age group and during cold pressor between the younger age group and both the medium and the older groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Identity in Democracy

Identity in Democracy. By Amy Gutmann. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. 264p. 17.95 paper.What ought to be the role of identity groups in the politics of a just democratic society? In her book, Amy Gutmann sets out to explore this question. She does not offer a definitive answer to it; however, she does offer evaluative criteria by which we may decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether or not the political interventions of organized identity groups are beneficial to a democratic society such as she presumes the United States to be. When, Gutmann asks (p. 5), may the politics of organized identity groups contribute to a society structured on what she identifies as the three basic principles of democratic justice: civic equality (equal standing as a citizen), liberty, and opportunity? Conversely, when are they inimical to such principles?
Biomechanics of hyperextension injuries to the cervical spine in football

The biomechanics of cervical spine hyperextension injuries in football players were assessed by using quasi-static-free body analyses. Three situations, i.e., "cases", corresponding to the loading conditions created by three different helmet designs, were examined with the following assumptions: (1) the helmet rim is cut high enough posteriorly so that it does not impinge upon the posterior cervical spine, (2) the helmet rim impacts at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra, and (3) the posterior rim of the helmet strikes the shoulder pads. The results of the analyses suggest that the most dangerous hyperextension sit uation is Case 1 which leads to high forces and possibly serious injury to the upper cervical spine. The impact of the posterior rim of the helmet at the fourth cervical vertebra (Case 2) significantly reduces these forces. This finding directly conflicts with the so-called "guillotine" mechanism of injury. The impact of the posterior rim of the helmet on the shoulder pads (Case 3) create...
Host Associations and Incidence of Diuraphis spp. in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States, and Pictorial Key for Their Identification

The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, is an introduced species first identified in 1986 into the United States. It has since become a major pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and other small grains in the western United States. Three other Diuraphis species, Diuraphis frequens (Walker), Diuraphis mexicana (McVicar Baker), and Diuraphis tritici (Gillette), were already endemic to the United States before the introduction of D. noxia. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and host associations of these four Diuraphis spp. in the Rocky Mountain region that borders the western Great Plains to better understand their distribution and ecological interactions. In addition, a key to these species with photographs of live or fresh preparations of specimens is presented to aid in their identification. D. noxia was the most widely distributed species in the study area spanning the Rocky Mountain areas of Wyoming, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. This species was most common in the cereal-producing areas of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion. D. frequens was found to be the predominant species in the Alpine/Aspen Mountain areas of the South Central Rockies and Colorado Rockies ecoregions. The other Diuraphis species were rarely encountered even though their plant hosts occurred in the ecoregions sampled. D. noxia shared common hosts and was found co-infesting grasses with other Diuraphis species. Therefore, the potential exists for D. noxia to impact the other native Diuraphis species.
Posterior-inferior glenoid rim shapes by MR imaging

Our purpose was to try to apply a CT classification of glenoid rim shapes to MR images and to determine the reliability of the subsequent MR classification by testing observer variability. Shoulder MR imaging exams of 54 consecutive patients were reviewed retrospectively by two musculoskeletal radiologists independently. Posterior-inferior glenoid rim shape was categorized, based on reported CT criteria, as triangle, “lazy-J” or “delta” using the most caudal MR section that unequivocally showed articular cartilage. The same studies were reviewed again one month later to test interobserver and intraobserver variability. Final determination of glenoid rim type was made by consensus. There were 31 males and 23 females with an average age of 42 years, range 14–75 years. Forty-one patients were referred for evaluation of nonspecific shoulder pain, 9 for suspected rotator cuff tear and 4 for instability. The most common shape was “lazy-J” with 32 patients (59%) having this type. The least common was delta shape, with 7 patients (13%) having this form. Fifteen patients (28%) had a normal triangle shape. There was significant interobserver variability in determining the shape of the glenoid rim with 17/54 (31%) discordant readings. For the “lazy-J” shape, the kappa value was .02, for the “delta” type, kappa value was .60 and for the triangle shape, kappa was .32. Intraobserver variability was 35% for radiologist A and 28% for radiologist B. Kappa values for intraobserver variability ranged from .53 to .85. Four patients had posterior instability, 3 were judged to have normal triangular inferior glenoid rims and 1 a “lazy J” type by Radiologist A. Radiologist B judged 2 of the instability patients as normal triangular and 2 as “lazy J”. A CT classification of posterior-inferior glenoid rim shapes can be applied using MR imaging, however, there is significant observer variability that limits the applicability of this classification scheme with MR imaging.
Pazopanib for the treatment of renal cancer.

Introduction: Dramatic advances in the care of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have occurred over the last 10 years. Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this disease have elucidated the importance of signaling cascades related to angiogenesis in the management of RCC. Pazopanib is a novel, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)-1, -2, and -3; platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR)-α and -β; and c-kit tyrosine kinases. Pazopanib exhibits distinct pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles compared with other agents in the class of VEGF signaling pathway inhibitors. Areas covered: This review discusses the scientific rationale for the development of pazopanib, as well as the preclinical and clinical trials that led to the approval of pazopanib for patients with advanced RCC. The most recent information, including data from the 2010 meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the design of ongoing ...
Gaussianity of LISA's confusion backgrounds

Data analysis for the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be complicated by the huge number of sources in the LISA band. In the frequency band ~10-^4 - 2×10^-3 Hz, galactic white dwarf binaries (GWDBs) are sufficiently dense in frequency space that it will be impossible to resolve most of them, and “confusion noise” from the unresolved Galactic binaries will dominate over instrumental noise in determining LISA's sensitivity to other sources in that band. Confusion noise from unresolved extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) could also contribute significantly to LISA's total noise curve. To date, estimates of the effect of LISA's confusion noise on matched-filter searches and their detection thresholds have generally approximated the noise as Gaussian, based on the central limit theorem. However in matched-filter searches, the appropriate detection threshold for a given class of signals may be located rather far out on the tail of the signal-to-noise probability distribution, where a priori it is unclear whether the Gaussian approximation is reliable. Using the Edgeworth expansion and the theory of large deviations, we investigate the probability distribution of the usual matched-filter detection statistic, far out on the tail of the distribution. We apply these tools to four somewhat idealized versions of LISA data searches: searches for EMRI signals buried in GWDB confusion noise, and searches for massive black hole binary signals buried in (i) GWDB noise, (ii) EMRI noise, and (iii) a sum of EMRI noise and Gaussian noise. Assuming reasonable short-distance cutoffs in the populations of confusion sources (since the very closest and hence strongest sources will be individually resolvable), modifications to the appropriate detection threshold, due to the non-Gaussianity of the confusion noise, turn out to be quite small for realistic cases. The smallness of the correction is partly due to the fact that these three types of sources evolve on quite different time scales, so no single background source closely resembles any search template. We also briefly discuss other types of LISA searches where the non-Gaussianity of LISA's confusion backgrounds could perhaps have a much greater impact on search reliability and efficacy.
8-ply small intestinal submucosa tension-free sling: spectrum of postoperative inflammation.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We report a series of postoperative inflammatory reactions of a tension-free pubourethral sling procedure using an 8-ply small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and review the literature regarding inflammatory reactions with this material in genitourinary reconstruction.Materials and Methods: Between August 2002 and June 2003, 6 of 10 patients treated for stress urinary incontinence with 8-ply SIS had postoperative inflammatory reactions. Patients underwent a thorough evaluation, including history, physical examination and urodynamic studies, before surgical intervention.Results: All patients presented with induration and erythema at the abdominal incision site(s) and pain 10 to 39 days postoperatively. Pelvic examinations were negative. In 3 patients the inflammatory reaction resolved with minimal or no intervention. Incision and drainage of a sterile abscess were required in 1 patient. Despite 7 days of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, 2 patients had delayed ...
Stereocontrolled synthesis of peptide bond isosteres

Absolute stereochemical control is employed in the synthesis of isosteres for dipeptide subunits (1; see Fig. 1) in which the amide linkage has been replaced by a trans carbon-carbon double bond. The synthesis affords access to the four stereoisomers of 1 in which R and R' = CH3, including the isostere for D-alanine-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala), 2.
What Shapes Corporate Involvement in Voter Referendums? The Case of Opposition to GM Food Labeling

What propels the involvement of large U.S. corporations into statewide voter referendums? We test the argument of whether corporate political behavior is characterized by firm-level factors or more relational sectoral and classwide networks. Using the 2012 ballot proposition to mandate labeling of genetically modified (GM) foods in California as a case, we analyze corporate donation patterns. We find that while individual interests are significant predictors of involvement, these are eclipsed by relational factors. Corporate embeddedness in sectoral and classwide networks are strong predictors of political involvement, fostering greater opposition to GM food labeling. In addition, using dyadic analysis, we find these networks enable greater unity among these corporations. These findings have implications for our understanding of corporate involvement in voter referendums and on the collective political action of large corporations.
Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity to trinitrophenyl‐modified syngeneic lymphocytes

Spleen cells from B10 congenic mouse strains were cultured in vitro by a modification of the Mishell-Dutton technique with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells. Five days later, the effector cells generated were incubated with 51 Cr-labeled unmodified or TNP-modified spleen or tumor target cells, and the percentage of specific lysis determined. The results obtained using modified syngeneic as well as congenic target cells indicated that although TNP-modification of the target cells was necessary to obtain lysis, the cytotoxicity was not specific for TNP exclusively, but was primarily directed against modified syngeneic cell surface components which may or may not have included the TNP moiety as an integral part of the recognition unit. A number of criteria were used to demonstrate that the phenomenon was attributed to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and was not due to lymphocyte-dependent antibody (LDA). These included: (a) failure of TNP-lysine to block the effector phase; (b) lack of detectable LDA in the culture media; (c) failure of spleen cells from athymic nude donors to generate effector cells; (d) sensitivity of effector cells to rabbit anti-mouse brain serum; and (e) the generation of effector cells by cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The specificity observed between the syngeneic TNP-modified sensitizing and target cells is compatible with the hypothesis that the TNP is altering cell surface proteins which are controlled by genes within distinct regions of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex, and that these proteins are conformationally changed so as to be immunogenic to syngeneic thymus-derived lymphocytes.
A comparative study of resident performance on standardized training examinations and the american board of ophthalmology written examination.

Purpose To investigate the relationships between ophthalmology resident performance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) exam and the American Board of Ophthalmology written qualifying examination (ABO-WQE). Design Cohort study. Participants We included 76 residents from 15 consecutive training classes (1991–2006) at 1 ophthalmologic residency training program. Methods Numeric scores on the USMLE Step 1 and OKAP examinations during the 3 years of residency, and first attempt pass rate on the ABO-WQE were recorded for 76 residents. Age and gender were also noted. Spearman's rank correlations and univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to determine relevant associations. Main Outcome Measures First-time attempt pass rate on the ABO-WQE and/or successful completion of the ABO-WQE within 3 years of graduation from the residency program. Results The ABO-WQE first-attempt pass rate was 72.6%, consistent with the national average. Resident USMLE scores were not significantly associated with ABO-WQE performance. The ABO-WQE pass rate was significantly associated with OKAP examination scores during the 3 residency years (year 1: odds ratio [OR], 8.85 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–42.79; year 2: OR, 5.28 and 95% CI, 1.15–25.27; year 3: OR, 11.08 and 95% CI, 1.86–68.96). Passing the OKAP examinations in all 3 years during residency training was associated with 5.43-fold increased odds of passing the ABO-WQE and failing all 3 OKAP examinations was associated with >9-fold lower odds of passing the ABO-WQE on the first attempt. Conclusions Our results suggest that OKAP examination performance is a predictor of a resident's success in passing the ABO-WQE on the first attempt, as well as within 3 years of graduation from an ophthalmologic training program. Awareness of this association may permit identification of residents at risk for failing the ABO-WQE and encourage educational remediation to prevent this failure. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Comparison of the potential for developmental toxicity of prenatal exposure to two dietary chromium supplements, chromium picolinate and [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+, in mice

BACKGROUND: Chromium(III) is generally thought to be an essential trace element that allows for proper glucose metabolism. However, chromium(III) picolinate, Cr(pic)3, a popular dietary supplement form of chromium, has been shown to be capable of generating hydroxyl radicals and oxidative DNA damage in rats. The cation [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+, Cr3, has been studied as an alternative supplemental source of chromium. It has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and lower glycated hemoglobin levels in rats, making it attractive as a potential therapeutic treatment for gestational diabetes. To date, no studies have been published regarding the safety of Cr3 supplementation to a developing fetus. METHODS: From gestation days (GD) 6–17, mated CD-1 female mice were fed diets delivering either 25 mg Cr/kg/day as Cr(pic)3, 3.3 or 26 mg Cr/kg/day as Cr3, or the diet only to determine if Cr3 could cause developmental toxicity. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects. RESULTS: No signs of maternal toxicity were observed. No decrease in fetal weight or significantly increased incidence of skeletal defects was observed in the Cr3 or Cr(pic)3 exposed fetuses compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: Maternal exposure to either Cr(pic)3 or Cr3 at the dosages employed did not appear to cause deleterious effects to the developing offspring in mice. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 80:1–5, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Morphometry of the amygdala in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder

Abstract Volumetric studies suggest smaller amygdalae in subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) than with bipolar disorder (BP). We use morphometry to identify subregions of amygdala differentially affected in SZ and psychotic BP. Based on template centered population analysis, the shape of the amygdala in psychotic BP differs from SZ ( p left = 0.044, p right = 0.042). Using a high-field 7 T atlas, the bilateral basolateral, basomedial and centromedial subregions and the right lateral subregion were significantly atrophied in SZ compared to psychotic BP ( p
Interactions between turbulence and flames in premixed reacting flows

The interactions between turbulence and flames in premixed reacting flows are studied for a broad range of turbulence intensities by analyzing scalar (reactant mass-fraction) gradient, vorticity, and strain rate fields. The analysis is based on fully compressible, three-dimensional numerical simulations of H2-air combustion in an unconfined domain. For low turbulence intensities, a flame reconstruction method based on the scalar gradient shows that the internal flame structure is similar to that of a laminar flame, while the magnitudes of the vorticity and strain rate are suppressed by heat release and there is substantial anisotropy in the orientation of intense vortical structures. As the turbulence intensity increases, the local flame orientation becomes increasingly isotropic, and the flame preheat zone is substantially broadened. There is, however, relatively little broadening of the reaction zone, even for high intensities. At high turbulence intensities, the vorticity and strain rate are only weakly affected by the flame, and their interactions with the scalar gradient are similar to those found in nonreacting turbulence. A decomposition of the total strain rate into components due to turbulence and the flame shows that vorticity suppression depends on the relative alignment between vorticity and the flame surface normal. This effect is used to explain the anisotropy of intense vortices at low intensities. The decomposition also reveals the separate effects of turbulent and dilatational straining on the flame width.
The appearance of polynucleotide ligase and DNA polymerase during the synchronous mitotic cycle in lilium microspores

Abstract Two enzyme activities implicated in the synthesis of DNA were studied through the mitotic cell cycle in naturally synchronous Lilium microspore cells. The activities, DNA polymerase and polynucleotide ligase, were observed in extracts from disrupted microspores. Both enzymes showed reproducible variations in activity throughout the cell cycle. DNA polymerase activity was generally higher during S phase; however, this activity showed no strict correlation with the onset of cellular DNA synthesis. Polynucleotide ligase activity, on the other hand, displayed sharp fluctuations of activity in the mitotic cycle. Ligase activity was highest in cell extracts prior to Spnase and declined markedly through that interval. Changes in DNA repair capacity during the cell cycle and the regulation of DNA synthesis sponsored by these enzyme activities are discussed.
Removal of retained subfoveal perfluoro-n-octane liquid.

Abstract Purpose To report a novel technique to remove retained submacular perfluorocarbon liquid. Design Retrospective cases series. Methods Two patients with retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid were treated with this technique. With a three-port pars plana approach, a 39-gauge flexible cannula was used to perform a retinotomy adjacent to the subfoveal perfluorocarbon bubble. The tip of the cannula was inserted into the bubble, which was removed with active suction. Results Both patients underwent successful removal of the perfluorocarbon liquid without complications. In one patient, visual acuity improved from 20/70 to 20/30, with resolution of his preoperative central scotoma. The second patient required removal of subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid at the time of silicone oil removal. The preoperative vision of finger counting improved to 20/60. Conclusions Subretinal perfluorocarbon can be removed using a flexible 39-gauge cannula without inducing retinal detachment or making a large retinotomy. This technique may benefit patients with retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid.
VATS port site recurrence: a technique dependent problem.

Objectives Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become an accepted approach for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic malignancies. Port site tumor recurrence is a reported complication of VATS. However, the true incidence of this problem is unknown. To try to determine the incidence of port site recurrence, we analyzed our experience with patients undergoing VATS wedge resection for malignancy.
Emergency Housing for Frail Older Adults

The emergency housing program described provides immediately available beds in private homes for homeless, impaired elderly adults. Clients receive 24-hour care for two to four weeks while permanent housing arrangements are made. Compared to traditional programs for the homeless, the emergency program saved money and provided more positive social support. A year later clients were significantly less likely to be institutionalized than were comparable nonparticipants.
Is chromosome 10 a primary chromosomal abnormality in endometrial adenocarcinoma

Seven cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) are reported. Two of these cases exhibited diploid chromosome ranges and showed simple rearrangements involving a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 10. In four cases, the chromosome number ranged between 50 and 70; rearrangements were more complex, with many abnormalities such as homogeneously stained regions, minutes, dicentrics, and ring chromosomes. In one case, two subpopulations of cells were detected, one in a diploid chromosome range with chromosome 10 altered, and the second, very pleomorphic. These abnormalities are probably due to the evolution of a destabilized genome and represent a consequence of the advanced stage of the disease. The importance of simple abnormalities as clues to the primary chromosomal change, and the possibility that chromosome 10 represents the primary chromosomal alteration event in EC, are discussed.
Subjectivity in troubadour poetry

The songs of the troubadour poets of the south of France were a pervasive influence in the development of the European lyric (and indeed other genres) from the twelfth century to the Renaissance and beyond. Much troubadour poetry is on the topic of love, and is composed from a first-person position. This book is a full-length study of this first-person subject position in its relation to language and society. Using theoretical approaches where appropriate, Sarah Kay discusses to what extent this first person is a 'self' or 'character', and how far it is self-determining. Dr Kay draws on a wide range of troubadour texts, and provides close readings of many of them, as well as translating all medieval quotations into English in order to make the discussion accessible to the non-specialist. Her book will be of interest both to scholars of medieval literature, and to anybody investigating subjectivity in lyric poetry.
The crystallographic fast Fourier transform. Recursive symmetry reduction

Algorithms are presented for maximally efficient computation of the crystallographic fast Fourier transform (FFT). The approach is applicable to all 230 space groups and allows reduction of both the computation time and the memory usage by a factor equal to the number of symmetry operators. The central idea is a recursive reduction of the problem to a series of transforms on grids with no special points. The maximally efficient FFT for such grids has been described in previous papers by the same authors. The interaction between the grid size factorization and the symmetry operators and its influence on the algorithm design are discussed.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Cotton Treated with Neutralized Maleinized Soybean Oil

Water-soluble vegetable oil derivatives were synthesized and investigated as biobased reagents for cellulosic textiles. Maleinized soybean oil (MSO), having an acid value of 156 mg KOH/g, was neutralized with ammonium hydroxide to render it water soluble. Infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of ester linkages during the cure of MSO treated textiles. Therefore, the formation of anhydride and amide intermediates upon heating ammonia neutralized MSO were investigated. Construction of the cyclic anhydride was observed as a pathway to esterification; however, amidation was not observed among this ammonia neutralized MSO. Neutralization of MSO with ethanolamine and triethylamine yielded secondary and tertiary amides but not esters at 160 °C.
U.S. public administration programs: Increasing academic achievement by identifying and utilizing student learning styles

Global economic shifts are forcing universities to become more competitive and operationally efficient. As a result, universities emphasize access, affordability, and achievement. More specifically, U.S. universities have responded by emphasizing course assessment, retention rates, and graduation rates. Both university administrators and faculty members recognize that student cognitive styles are an important dimension in retention and graduation rates. Equally important, the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration requires graduate programs to meet universal core competencies and assess student learning outcomes. Within the context of U.S. higher education trends and new accreditation standards, we examine the demographic characteristics and cognitive styles of 130 Master of Public Administration (MPA) students currently enrolled at the University of Baltimore, which is one of the largest accredited MPA programs in the United States. Student cognitive styles are measured using a ...
Coronary Thrombolysis for Evolving Myocardial Infarction

An acute thrombus at the site of an atherosclerotic obstruction is the usual cause of myocardial infarction. Thrombolytic therapy is an exciting new therapy for reducing the extent of myocardial infarction by lysing intracoronary clots. Such therapy has now been widely applied by: prolonged intravenous infusion of streptokinase during the first 24 hours of infarction; intracoronary infusion of streptokinase, urokinase, or tissue plasminogen activator; early, high dose, brief duration intravenous infusion of streptokinase; or intravenous infusion of tissue plasminogen activator.
An efficient algorithmic approach for mass spectrometry-based disulfide connectivity determination using multi-ion analysis

Background Determining the disulfide (S-S) bond pattern in a protein is often crucial for understanding its structure and function. In recent research, mass spectrometry (MS) based analysis has been applied to this problem following protein digestion under both partial reduction and non-reduction conditions. However, this paradigm still awaits solutions to certain algorithmic problems fundamental amongst which is the efficient matching of an exponentially growing set of putative S-S bonded structural alternatives to the large amounts of experimental spectrometric data. Current methods circumvent this challenge primarily through simplifications, such as by assuming only the occurrence of certain ion-types (b-ions and y-ions) that predominate in the more popular dissociation methods, such as collision-induced dissociation (CID). Unfortunately, this can adversely impact the quality of results.
The nutrition of radiolarians: Trophic activity of some solitary Spumellaria1

Four species of radiolarians were kept in the laboratory under different feeding regimes. Spongodrymus sp. and two species of Thalussicolla showed no difference in survivorship between herbivorous, carnivorous, omnivorous, or nonfed conditions as long as they were kept in the light. The longest surviving individuals of the three species lived 32,44, and 34 d. All these species bear copious numbers of algal symbionts, suggesting a significant algal role in host nutrition. A fourth species, Physematium muelleri, survived significantly longer on an omnivorous diet and was found to feed omnivorously in nature, with a diet reflecting the locally available microplankton.