cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRAINING SUPERVISORS IN EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS

It meant also informing the men each day just what they had done the day before and just what they were to do that day. In order to do that, as each man came in the morning, he had to reach his hand up to a pigeonhole (most of them could not read or write, but they could all find their pigeonholes) and take out two slips of paper. One was a yellow slip and one was a white slip. If they found the yellow slip, those men who could read and write knew perfectly well what it meant; it was just the general information: “Yesterday you did not earn the money that a first‐class man ought to earn. We want you to earn at least 60 per cent beyond what other laborers are paid around Bethlehem. You failed to earn that much yesterday; there is something wrong” — Frederick W. Taylor.
Skin toxicity of targeted cancer agents: mechanisms and intervention

In recent years, targeted agents have rapidly evolved as effective tools in the clinical management of a broad range of malignant diseases. These agents disrupt molecular mechanisms and signaling modules that drive the malignant phenotype in defined subsets of malignancies. Beyond the intended cellular targets crucial to tumor growth and progression, these agents also affect signal transduction in normal cells and tissues. The resulting adverse events and their clinical management continue to change, as newer agents with an ever-increasing target spectrum are developed. We provide a succinct overview of dermatologic toxicities arising from the targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream effectors. Emergent insights into the pathomechanisms involved and the use of this knowledge base to alleviate cutaneous adverse events are discussed.
Fine structure of the cilia of rotifers.

The fine structure of the coronal cilia of the rotifer Philodina citrina has been studied in detail. Specimens were fixed with OsO4 and embedded in butyl—methyl methacrylate, Epon 812, or Vestopal and sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome. The details of structure of the rootlets, basal bodies, basal plates, and free cilia are described. The general structure of the rotifer ciliary apparatus conforms well to that established for other species. One of the main observations is the difference in structure of the peripheral filaments in the opposing halves of a cross-section of the free cilium. Also, in longitudinal sections evidence is offered for the existence of a helical structure in the peripheral filaments.
The alpha decay half lives of 242Pu and 244Pu

Abstract The partial alpha decay half lives of 242 Pu and 244 Pu have been determined by a relative specific activity technique using 239 Pu as the reference. The measured alpha decay half lives are (3·869±0·016) × 10 5 yr and (8·28±0·10) × 10 7 yr respectively. Alpha particle energies (and intensities) to the ground state and to the first excited state in 240 U from the decay of 244 Pu have been measured to be 4·587±0·001 MeV (80·6 per cent) and 4·544±0·001 MeV (19·4 per cent) respectively. The alpha decay Q-value for 244 Pu has been determined to be 4·701±0·001 MeV.
From few to many: illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose

We present a generative appearance-based method for recognizing human faces under variation in lighting and viewpoint. Our method exploits the fact that the set of images of an object in fixed pose, but under all possible illumination conditions, is a convex cone in the space of images. Using a small number of training images of each face taken with different lighting directions, the shape and albedo of the face can be reconstructed. In turn, this reconstruction serves as a generative model that can be used to render (or synthesize) images of the face under novel poses and illumination conditions. The pose space is then sampled and, for each pose, the corresponding illumination cone is approximated by a low-dimensional linear subspace whose basis vectors are estimated using the generative model. Our recognition algorithm assigns to a test image the identity of the closest approximated illumination cone. Test results show that the method performs almost without error, except on the most extreme lighting directions.
Macrophage 12/15 lipoxygenase expression increases plasma and hepatic lipid levels and exacerbates atherosclerosis

12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LO) oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to form bioactive lipid mediators. The role of 12/15LO in atherosclerosis development remains controversial. We evaluated atherosclerosis development and lipid metabolism in 12/15LO-LDL receptor (LDLr) double knockout (DK) vs. LDLr knockout (SK) mice fed a PUFA-enriched diet to enhance production of 12/15LO products. Compared with SK controls, DK mice fed a PUFA-enriched diet had decreased plasma and liver lipid levels, hepatic lipogenic gene expression, VLDL secretion, and aortic atherosclerosis and increased VLDL turnover. Bone marrow transplantation and Kupffer cell ablation studies suggested both circulating leukocytes and Kupffer cells contributed to the lipid phenotype in 12/15LO-deficient mice. Conditioned medium from in vitro incubation of DK vs. SK macrophages reduced triglyceride secretion in McArdle 7777 hepatoma cells. Our results suggest that, in the context of dietary PUFA enrichment, macrophage 12/15LO expression adversely affects plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism, resulting in exacerbated atherosclerosis.
Independent component analysis-motivated approach to classificatory decomposition of cortical evoked potentials.

Background: Independent Component Analysis (ICA) proves to be useful in the analysis of neural activity, as it allows for identification of distinct sources of activity. Applied to measurements registered in a controlled setting and under exposure to an external stimulus, it can facilitate analysis of the impact of the stimulus on those sources. The link between the stimulus and a given source can be verified by a classifier that is able to "predict" the condition a given signal was registered under, solely based on the components. However, the ICA's assumption about statistical independence of sources is often unrealistic and turns out to be insufficient to build an accurate classifier. Therefore, we propose to utilize a novel method, based on hybridization of ICA, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA), and rough sets (RS), that attempts to improve the effectiveness of signal decomposition techniques by providing them with "classification-awareness." Results: The preliminary results described here are very promising and further investigation of other MOEAs and/or RS-based classification accuracy measures should be pursued. Even a quick visual analysis of those results can provide an interesting insight into the problem of neural activity analysis. Conclusion: We present a methodology of classificatory decomposition of signals. One of the main advantages of our approach is the fact that rather than solely relying on often unrealistic assumptions about statistical independence of sources, components are generated in the light of a underlying classification problem itself.
Tissue Engineered, Hydrogel-Based Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy Robustly Revascularizes Ischemic Myocardium and Preserves Ventricular Function

Objectives Cell-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic heart failure has had limited clinical impact, likely related to low cell retention ( Methods Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from Wistar rats and encapsulated in fibrin gels. In vitro viability was quantified using a fluorescent live-dead stain of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein + endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cell-laden constructs were implanted onto ischemic rat myocardium in a model of acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending ligation) for 4 weeks. Intramyocardial cell injection (2 × 10 6 endothelial progenitor cells), empty fibrin, and isolated left anterior descending ligation groups served as controls. Hemodynamics were quantified using echocardiography, Doppler flow analysis, and intraventricular pressure-volume analysis. Vasculogenesis and ventricular geometry were quantified. Endothelial progenitor cell migration was analyzed by using endothelial progenitor cells from transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein + rodents. Results Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated an overall 88.7% viability for all matrix and cell conditions investigated after 48 hours. Histologic assessment of 1-week implants demonstrated significant migration of transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein + endothelial progenitor cells from the fibrin matrix to the infarcted myocardium compared with intramyocardial cell injection (28 ± 12.3 cells/high power field vs 2.4 ± 2.1 cells/high power field, P = .0001). We also observed a marked increase in vasculogenesis at the implant site. Significant improvements in ventricular hemodynamics and geometry were present after endothelial progenitor cell-hydrogel therapy compared with control. Conclusions We present a tissue-engineered, hydrogel-based endothelial progenitor cell-mediated therapy to enhance cell delivery, cell retention, vasculogenesis, and preservation of myocardial structure and function.
Analysis and implementation of look-ahead window contention resolution with QoS support in optical burst-switched networks

Optical burst switching (OBS) has been proposed as a promising switching technology to support the next-generation optical Internet. Two critical issues in OBS networks are designing effective contention resolution algorithms and implementing such algorithms in the core switch node. The first part of this paper deals with the problem of contention in OBS networks. We introduce a new contention resolution algorithm called Lookahead window Contention Resolution (LCR) that can support service differentiation. Through complexity analysis, a number of important properties of LCR and its variations are examined and verified. We also investigate the performance of LCR in a single core switch node. We show through simulation that the performance of LCR is competitive to existing contention resolution mechanisms in terms of reducing burst loss. The second part of this paper presents a practical design approach for a generic control packet processor architecture. Based on the proposed architecture, we implement the look-ahead contention resolution algorithm using a high-density field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Through hardware test and verification, we evaluate the performance characteristics of the look-ahead contention resolution algorithm in terms of hardware speed, scalability, and cost.
A pilot study: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sensation seeking, and pubertal changes.

This study was designed to examine the relationship of pubertal changes and sensation seeking (SS) in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with current or past histories of uncomplicated stimulant medication use for ADHD between the ages of 11 and 15 (13 ± 1.5) were recruited from a Child Psychiatry and a General Pediatric Clinic. SS was measured using the SS Scale for Children. Pubertal development was measured using Tanner staging, free testosterone, and DHEAS. Subjects and their parent were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). SS total score was correlated with Tanner stage, free testosterone, and DHEAS (p ≤ 0.01). The combined parent and child reports of symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder from the DISC were inversely related to age (p ≤ 0.05). Understanding SS in ADHD adolescents as they move through puberty will aid clinicians in monitoring ADHD adolescents and their trajectory into high-risk behaviors.
Evaluation of the “Time Tunnel” Display Design Technique:

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the time tunnel display design concept. This technique is similar to traditional “strip chart” or “trend” displays in that temporal information (i.e., the value of system variables over time) is provided. It is different in that perspective geometry and the “depth plane” are used to present this information. In Exp. 1 a time tunnel display and a “quickened” display were evaluated using a dynamic simulation. The results indicate that display quickening improved performance significantly, but that the time tunnel display did not. In Exp. 2 a redesigned version of the time tunnel display was evaluated; the overall pattern of results did not change substantially. In Exp. 3 an alternative methodology was used. Participants were shown “snapshots” of system states (states generated in Exp. 2) and completed three tasks: 1) fault detection (confidence rating), 2) fault identification (categorical assessment), and 3) estimation (estimate of quickened variable). Three dis...
Innervation of the heart and aorta of Manduca sexta

Innervation of the heart and aorta of Manduca sexta was studied by using anatomic, neuronal tracing and immunocytochemical techniques. The study was undertaken to provide a foundation for investigating the neural mechanisms controlling cardiac reversal in adults. Lateral cardiac nerves were not found in the larval or adult heart. The larval heart and aorta seem to lack innervation, but a neurohemal system for the release of a cardioactive peptide is associated with the larval alary muscles. At adult metamorphosis, this neurohemal system regresses, and, at the same time, processes grow onto the anterior aorta. These processes seem to be neurohemal and originate from two pairs of neurosecretory cells located in the subesophageal ganglion. This system is immunoreactive to cardioactive peptides and may function, therefore, in hormonal modulation of the activity of the adult heart. Also during metamorphosis, synaptic innervation develops on the terminal heart chamber, and this innervation is from axons extending through the seventh and eighth dorsal nerves of the terminal abdominal ganglion. These axons originate from cells that have been identified as serial homologs of motor neuron-1 of other abdominal ganglia. These neurons are immunoreactive to a cardioactive peptide, and this peptide probably modulates the synaptic innervation of the terminal heart chamber. During metamorphosis, the target of the motor neurons-1 of the seventh and eighth segments becomes respecified from larval skeletal muscles to the terminal chamber of the adult heart.
A framework for implementation of organ effect models in TOPAS with benchmarks extended to proton therapy

The aim of this work was to develop a framework for modeling organ effects within TOPAS (TOol for PArticle Simulation), a wrapper of the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit that facilitates particle therapy simulation. The DICOM interface for TOPAS was extended to permit contour input, used to assign voxels to organs. The following dose response models were implemented: The Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model, the critical element model, the population based critical volume model, the parallel-serial model, a sigmoid-based model of Niemierko for Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) and Tumor Control Probability (TCP), and a Poisson-based model for TCP. The framework allows easy manipulation of the parameters of these models and the implementation of other models. As part of the verification, results for the parallel-serial and Poisson model for x-ray irradiation of a water phantom were compared to data from the AAPM Task Group 166. When using the task group dose-volume histograms (DVHs), results were found to be sensitive to the number of points in the DVH, with differences up to 2.4%, some of which are attributable to differences between the implemented models. New results are given with the point spacing specified. When using Monte Carlo calculations with TOPAS, despite the relatively good match to the published DVH’s, differences up to 9% were found for the parallel-serial model (for a maximum DVH difference of 2%) and up to 0.5% for the Poisson model (for a maximum DVH difference of 0.5%). However, differences of 74.5% (in Rectangle1), 34.8% (in PTV) and 52.1% (in Triangle) for the critical element, critical volume and the sigmoid-based models were found respectively. We propose a new benchmark for verification of organ effect models in proton therapy. The benchmark consists of customized structures in the spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) plateau, normal tissue, tumor, penumbra and in the distal region. The DVH’s, DVH point spacing, and results of the organ effect models are provided. The models were used to calculate dose response for a Head and Neck patient to demonstrate functionality of the new framework and indicate the degree of variability between the models in proton therapy.
Pathogenicity of a Hong Kong–Origin H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus for Emus, Geese, Ducks, and Pigeons

SUMMARY. The H5N1 type A influenza viruses that emerged in Hong Kong in 1997 are a unique lineage of type A influenza viruses with the capacity to transmit directly from chickens to humans and produce significant disease and mortality in both of these hosts. The objective of this study was to ascertain the susceptibility of emus (Dramaius novaehollandiae), domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and pigeons (Columba livia) to intranasal (i.n.) inoculation with the A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/97 (H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. No mortality occurred within 10 days postinoculation (DPI) in the four species investigated, and clinical disease, evident as neurologic dysfunction, was observed exclusively in emus and geese. Grossly, pancreatic mottling and splenomegaly were identified in these two species. In addition, the geese had cerebral malacia and thymic and bursal atrophy. Histologically, both the emus and geese developed pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis, ...
Changes in the Structure of CEO Compensation and the Firm's Pay- Performance Sensitivity Following CEO Turnover

We document significant improvements in earnings and stock returns after CEO turnover. Compared to old CEOs, new CEOs derive more of their compensation from salary and bonus and option grants, but less from stock holdings. The sensitivity of pay to performance increases significantly after a change in CEO. The salary and bonus of the new CEO is much more sensitive to performance than that of the old CEO; stock holdings and option grants are less sensitive. Changes in pay-performance sensitivity are greater after exogenous turnover than after exogenous turnover.
Characteristics of 10-year survivors of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma

Abstract Objective High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) generally presents at an advanced stage with poor long-term (LT) survival. Here we describe clinical features found in women surviving HGSC for ten or more years. Methods A multi-center research consortium was established between five participating academic centers. Patient selection criteria included high-grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal carcinoma with at least ten years of follow up. Non-serous, borderline tumors and low-grade serous subtypes were excluded. Results The 203 identified LT ten-year survivors with HGSC were diagnosed at a median age of 57years (range 37–84years). The majority of patients had stage IIIC (72.4%) disease at presentation. Of those who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery, optimal cytoreduction was achieved in 143 (85.6%) patients. After a median follow up of 144months, 88 (46.8%) patients did not develop recurrent disease after initial treatment. Unexpected findings from this survey of LT survivors includes 14% of patients having had suboptimal cytoreduction, 11% of patients having an initial platinum free interval of Conclusions LT survivors of HGSC of the ovary generally have favorable clinical features including optimal surgical cytoreduction and primary platinum sensitive disease. The majority of patients will develop recurrent disease, however many remained disease free for more than 10years. Future work will compare the clinical features of this unusual cohort of LT survivors with the characteristics of HGSC patients having less favorable outcomes.
PGRMC1 Elevation in Multiple Cancers and Essential Role in Stem Cell Survival

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in America, and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. The progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a cytochrome b5 related protein that binds heme and is associated with signaling, apoptotic suppression and autophagy. PGRMC1 is essential for tumor formation, invasion and metastasis, and is upregulated in breast, colon, lung and thyroid tumors. In the present study, we have analyzed PGRMC1 levels in over 600 tumor sections, including a larger cohort of lung tumors than in previous studies, and report the first clinical analysis of PGRMC1 levels in human oral cavity and ovarian tumors compared to corresponding nonmalignant tissues. PGRMC1 was highly expressed in lung and ovarian cancers and correlated with patient survival. PGRMC1 has been previously associated with drug resistance, a characteristic of cancer stem cells. The stem cell theory proposes that a subset of cancerous stem cells contribute to drug resistance and tumor maintenance, and PGRMC1 was detected in lung-tumor derived stem cells. Drug treatment with a PGRMC1 inhibitor, AG-205, triggered stem cell death whereas treatment with erlotinib and the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, did not, suggesting a specific role for PGRMC1 in cancer stem cell viability. Together, our data demonstrate PGRMC1 as a potential tumor biomarker across a variety of tumors, as well as a therapeutic target for cancer stem cells.
Clinical and prognostic value of poststenting fractional flow reserve in acute coronary syndromes

Objectives Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been suggested to have value in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). The clinical and prognostic value of ischaemia reduction assessed by post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) FFR has not been studied in this population. Methods Consecutive stable ischaemic heart disease (SIHD) (N=390) and patients with ACS (N=189) who had pre-PCI FFR and post-PCI FFR were followed for 2.4±1.5 years. Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (composite of myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularisation and death). Results In patients with ACS, PCI led to significant improvement in FFR from 0.62±0.15 to post-PCI FFR 0.88±0.08 (p 0.91 had similar outcomes compared with patients who had SIHD (19% vs 16%; p=0.51). However, in patients with final FFR of ≤0.91 there was increased MACE versus patients with SIHD (30% vs 16%; p Conclusions Post-PCI FFR is valuable in assessing the functional outcome of PCI in patients with ACS. Use of post-PCI FFR in patients with ACS allows for functional optimisation of PCI results and is predictive of long-term outcomes in patients with ACS.
Abstract 1090: microRNA regulation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant response in breast cancer cells following redox therapy

Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a redox-active mitochondrially targeted chemotherapy, activates autophagy through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in breast cancer cells. Studies have also shown a concomitant activation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant response with MitoQ treatment. Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) is a transcription factor that regulates the antioxidant response element. Drugs that stimulate Nrf2 are ideal for the treatment of diseases induced by oxidative stress; however, over-activation of Nrf2 may promote tumor growth and diminish the effects of redox active chemotherapies. Therefore, understanding the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress is crucial for determining the fate of cancer cells exposed to redox-active oncology agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate microRNA (miRNA) as a link between oxidative stress and autophagy through modulation of Nrf2 activity. microRNA are endogenous small (18-22 base pairs long) double stranded RNA that bind to the 3’ UTR of target mRNA. miRNA function through translational repression via mRNA recycling and degradation. To this aim we set out on finding miRNA that suppress the antioxidant response, modulated by Nrf2, in cancer cells after redox therapy with the goal of inducing a death response. After 24 hours of non-target pool or Nrf2 silencing, using small interfering RNAs, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with DMSO or MitoQ for 18 hours. RNA was extracted and miRNAs were identified using Illumina RNA sequencing. DEseq revealed 97 miRNAs that were differentially expressed at α Citation Format: Francesca Mascia, Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski, V. Ashutosh Rao. microRNA regulation of Nrf2 and the antioxidant response in breast cancer cells following redox therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1090.
A CMOS millimeter-wave transceiver embedded in a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity for molecular spectroscopy

The extension of radio frequency complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry into millimeter wavelengths promises the extension of spectroscopic techniques in compact, power efficient systems. We are now beginning to use CMOS millimeter devices for low-mass, low-power instrumentation capable of remote or in situ detection of gas composition during space missions. We have chosen to develop a Flygare-Balle type spectrometer, with a semi-confocal Fabry-Perot cavity to amplify the pump power of a mm-wavelength CMOS transmitter that is directly coupled to the planar mirror of the cavity. We have built a pulsed transceiver system at 92-105 GHz inside a 3 cm base length cavity and demonstrated quality factor up to 4680, allowing for modes with 20 MHz bandwidth, with a sufficient cavity amplification factor for mW class transmitters. This work describes the initial gas measurements and outlines the challenges and next steps.
The Evolution of Coronary Bypass Surgery Will Determine Its Relevance as the Standard of Care for the Treatment for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease.

Despite improvements in percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the gold standard therapy for the majority of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. This position has been corroborated by the results of the SYNTAX trial (Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery), which favored CABG over PCI especially in patients with advanced disease involving multiple territories, and a recent meta-analysis performed by Benedetto et al,1 where CABG was compared with PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES-PCI) in 4563 patients. The results showed that, compared with CABG, DES-PCI resulted in a 50% relative increase in the risk for death, a 200% increased risk for myocardial infarction, and a 250% increased risk for repeat revascularization at 3.4 years after revascularization. Most of the survival benefit of CABG may be related to the anastomosis of 1 arterial conduit—usually the left internal thoracic artery—to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. However, in 1999, the Cleveland Clinic group published results that showed better clinical outcomes in patients in whom 2 internal thoracic arteries were used over a single arterial graft. Today, there is additional published evidence demonstrating that a multiple arterial grafting strategy is associated with a significant survival advantage. In the largest meta-analysis comparing 1 versus 2 arterial grafts for CABG, Yi et al2 reported a 20% survival benefit at 9 years in patients who received two arterial conduits (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.84). When the …
Hacia una interpretación comprensiva de Sor Juana. Tres loas y la cifra del mundo

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz devotes a great part of her work to deciphering the apparent labyrinth of reality. As an intellectual, she envisions herself as a second Proba, an interpreter, translator and transmitter who, just like Athanasius Kircher, must establish similitudes and correspondences. In Sor Juana America becomes a topic of study and analysis, as can be seen in her Neptuno alegorico and in the loas (preludes) to her three sacramental autos: El divino Narciso, El cetro de Jose and El martir del Sacramento.
Emerging roles of ER stress and unfolded protein response pathways in skeletal muscle health and disease

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human body and can adapt its mass as a consequence of physical activity, metabolism, growth factors, and disease conditions. Skeletal muscle contains an extensive network of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which plays an important role in the regulation of proteostasis and calcium homeostasis. In many cell types, environmental and genetic factors that disrupt ER function cause an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER lumen that ultimately leads to ER stress. To alleviate the stress and restore homeostasis, the ER activates a signaling network called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR has three arms, which regulate protein synthesis and expression of many ER chaperone and regulatory proteins. However, the role of individual UPR pathways in skeletal muscle has just begun to be investigated. Recent studies suggest that UPR pathways play pivotal roles in muscle stem cell homeostasis, myogenic differentiation, and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. Moreover, markers of ER stress and the UPR are activated in skeletal muscle in diverse conditions such as exercise, denervation, starvation, high fat diet, cancer cachexia, and aging. Accumulating evidence also suggests that ER stress may have important roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies and genetic muscle disorders. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the role and potential mechanisms by which ER stress and the individual arms of the UPR regulate skeletal muscle formation, plasticity, and function in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Disc Activities in Physical Education: A Comprehensive Approach

Nearly everyone who throws a disc associates the activity with fun. Over the years, multiple disc games and activities have been invented, combining fun and learning. These are games that many individuals are likely to continue playing long after they have left school and are worthy of being included in a contemporary physical education program. The purpose of the article is to present some of these popular disc activities in a logical sequence of instruction moving from learning the basics to playing a game requiring skill and tactical awareness. Also included is a rationale of why disc games should be included in today's physical education programs.
Cellular and cell-free studies of catalytic DNA cleavage by ruthenium polypyridyl complexes containing redox-active intercalating ligands

The ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs), [(phen)2Ru(tatpp)]2+ (32+) and [(phen)2Ru(tatpp)Ru(phen)2]4+ (44+) are shown to cleave DNA in cell-free studies in the presence of a mild reducing agent, i.e. glutathione (GSH), in a manner that is enhanced upon lowering the [O2]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the cleavage process as hydroxy radical scavengers attenuate the cleavage activity. Cleavage experiments in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase reveal a central role for H2O2 as the immediate precursor for hydroxy radicals. A mechanism is proposed which explains the inverse [O2] dependence and ROS data and involves redox cycling between three DNA-bound redox isomers of 32+ or 44+. Cultured non-small cell lung cancer cells (H358) are sensitive to 32+ and 44+ with IC50 values of 13 and 15 μM, respectively, and xenograft H358 tumors in nude mice show substantial (∼80%) regression relative to untreated tumors when the mice are treated with enantiopure versions of 32+ and 44+ (Yadav et al. Mol Cancer Res, 2013, 12, 643). Fluorescence microscopy of H358 cells treated with 15 μM 44+ reveals enhanced intracellular ROS production in as little as 2 h post treatment. Detection of phosphorylated ATM via immunofluorescence within 2 h of treatment with 44+ reveals initiation of the DNA damage repair machinery due to the ROS insult and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclei of H358 cells and is confirmed using the γH2AX assay. The cell data for 32+ is less clear but DNA damage occurs. Notably, cells treated with [Ru(diphenylphen)3]2+ (IC50 1.7 μM) show no extra ROS production and no DNA damage by either the pATM or γH2AX even after 22 h. The enhanced DNA cleavage under low [O2] (4 μM) seen in cell-free cleavage assays of 32+ and 44+ is only partially reflected in the cytotoxicity of 32+ and 44+ in H358, HCC2998, HOP-62 and Hs766t under hypoxia (1.1% O2) relative to normoxia (18% O2). Cells treated with RPC 32+ show up to a two-fold enhancement in the IC50 under hypoxia whereas cells treated with RPC 44+ gave the same IC50 whether under hypoxia or normoxia.
Using Lawyer Jokes to Teach Business Ethics: A Course Module

Most of us will agree that the legal profession gets little respect in the United States. There are scores of websites dedicated to lawyer jokes and almost all the humor is negative. Indeed, the humor is not only negative but is often is filled with hate and anger towards attorneys. In many of the jokes, it is clear that the only good lawyer is one who is dead. For example, try this joke with any other profession and it does not work. “What do you call 5000 dead________ at the bottom of the ocean? A good start!” It only works with lawyers. Why are lawyers so hated? One doubts that there is any other profession that has resulted in so many vicious jokes. This paper discusses how lawyer jokes can be used to teach the importance of ethics. Scores of lawyer jokes are provided for educators who teach business law or ethics to use in the classroom.
Fatigue Behavior of Composite Laminates

Abstract Fatigue behavior of composite materials and structures is a complex phenomenon consisting of cyclic load-induced events and processes over time which determine long-term performance. The events and processes, generically called damage, combine in such a way as to alter the state of the material and change the response of the composite to the extent that it may fail to satisfy its intended service requirements. This chapter begins with an illustration of some of the distinctive features of fatigue behavior of composites, followed by a description of the fatigue damage process. The mechanics of stress redistribution due to damage are presented in the context of experimental evidence. Finally, fatigue behavior of several composite material systems is discussed in terms of strength, stiffness, and life of notched and unnotched composite laminates under various loading modes.
Discussing Out-of-Pocket Expenses During Clinical Appointments: An Observational Study of Patient-Psychiatrist Interactions

Objective:High out-of-pocket expenses for medical treatment have been associated with worse quality of life, decreased treatment adherence, and increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Treatment of depression potentially has high out-of-pocket expenses. Limited data characterize psychiatrist-patient conversations about health care costs.Methods:The authors conducted content analysis from 422 outpatient psychiatrist-patient visits for medication management of major depressive disorder in community-based private practices nationwide from 2010 to 2014.Results:Patients’ health care expenses were discussed in 38% of clinic visits (95% confidence interval [CI]= 33%–43%). Uninsured patients were significantly more likely to discuss expenses than were patients enrolled in private or public plans (64%, 44%, and 30%, respectively; p<.001). Sixty-nine percent of cost conversations lasted less than one minute (median=36 seconds; interquartile range [IQR]=16–81 seconds). Cost conversations most frequently addressed ...
Lewy Body Disorders

Dementia syndromes associated with Lewy body pathology are subdivided into dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD), arbitrarily based on the timing of cognitive decline in relation to motor symptoms. DLB is an underdiagnosed cause of dementia in the elderly. In addition to symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), DLB has distinctive neurobehavioral and cognitive features.1,2 A major clinical diagnostic question is how to distinguish DLB and AD. PDD starts with the movement disorder characteristic of PD, followed by cognitive decline after years or even decades. PDD, therefore, is not a diagnostic puzzle. The distribution of pathology in DLB and PDD helps to explain the diversity of symptoms.3,4 The key pathologic feature in these disorders is aggregation of the protein α-synuclein, forming structures called Lewy bodies (LB) in neuronal cell bodies and neurites in neuronal processes. Much evidence implicates the spread of α-synuclein between neurons in the progression of disease.
Robust Representations for Collaborative Filtering

Collaborative filtering (CF) has been widely employed within recommender systems to solve many real-world problems. Learning effective latent factors plays the most important role in collaborative filtering. Traditional CF methods based upon matrix factorization techniques learn the latent factors from the user-item ratings and suffer from the cold start problem as well as the sparsity problem. Some improved CF methods enrich the priors on the latent factors by incorporating side information as regularization. However, the learned latent factors may not be very effective due to the sparse nature of the ratings and the side information. To tackle this problem, we learn effective latent representations via deep learning. Deep learning models have emerged as very appealing in learning effective representations in many applications. In particular, we propose a general deep architecture for CF by integrating matrix factorization with deep feature learning. We provide a natural instantiations of our architecture by combining probabilistic matrix factorization with marginalized denoising stacked auto-encoders. The combined framework leads to a parsimonious fit over the latent features as indicated by its improved performance in comparison to prior state-of-art models over four large datasets for the tasks of movie/book recommendation and response prediction.
Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act, 1930

When the original act was passed in 1930, its purpose was stated as “To suppress unfair and fraudulent practices in the marketing of perishable agricultural commodities in interstate and foreign commerce.” This was to be accomplished primarily by licensing persons who are substantially in the business of making transactions in regard to or handling of the subject commodities in commerce.
The Party's Primary: Control of Congressional Nominations

Primary elections were supposed to limit the influence of party bosses on the nomination process. The decision to run for House or Senate and a candidate's success in securing the party's nomination for these offices has been considered to be largely candidate-centered. In The Party's Primary, Hans J. G. Hassell shows that parties have a strong influence on the options available to voters and shape the outcomes of the nomination process. Drawing on interviews with party insiders and candidates, Hassell highlights the resources that parties have at their disposal that are not readily available outside the party network and the process by which party elites coordinate behind preferred candidates. Using data from almost 3000 nomination contests for House and Senate in the past decade, this book shows that parties use these tools to clear the field for their preferred candidate and exert a strong influence on the outcomes of primary elections.
THE FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICANISTS

The Fifteenth International Congress of Americanists was held in the Parliament building, Quebec, September Ioth to I5th, 19o6. About 250 members, active and associate, were in attendance, and the local interest in the proceedings was very gratifying. The Congress meets every two years, the places of meeting alternating between Europe and the Western Hemisphere. The Quebec Congress had a local coloring all its own, due to the presence of so many missionaries from various parts of Canada, whose contributions on the tribes among whom they are laboring were of special interest.
Induced expression of a vestigial sexual signal.

Vestigial morphological traits are common and well known in a variety of taxa. Identification of vestigial genes has illustrated the potential for evolutionary reversals and the re-expression of at...
Prolonging the lifetime of large-scale wireless sensor networks using distributed cooperative transmissions

Reducing energy consumption is a key challenge in the design of any routing protocol dedicated to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this study, the authors introduce a new low energy consumption protocol based on a cooperative relaying technique. The proposed protocol is called distributed cooperative relaying low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (DCR-LEACH) protocol, and is a way of improving the LEACH protocol. The authors have exploited cooperative relaying transmission techniques, in order to enhance LEACH for large-scale WSNs, whereby, a cluster head cooperates with the most energetic nodes in order to transmit collected data to the sink. To evaluate the energy efficiency of the proposed DCR-LEACH, they derive the expressions of energy consumption by applying a cooperative relaying technique and simulate the DCR-LEACH using NS-2 for three different scenarios. To confirm the efficiency of the DCR-LEACH protocol, they compare the proposed scheme with both LEACH and multi-hop routing LEACH (MR-LEACH) protocols. The experimental results prove that for large-scale WSNs, the performance of DCR-LEACH protocol is better than MR-LEACH and conventional LEACH in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and number of data transmission.
Who expects to become a teacher? The role of educational accountability policies in international perspective

Abstract In this study, I examine between-country differences in students' expectations of becoming teachers. I use data from 365,298 students from 50 countries participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015. The results reveal that high-achieving students in countries that implement test-based educational accountability policies are less likely to expect to work as teachers than students in systems that do not use such policies. This suggests that test-based accountability policies may discourage highly skilled candidates from entering the teaching profession and these policies may act as barriers to attracting high-quality teacher candidates.
Treatment of the cavus foot. Deformity in the pediatric patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth.

Abstract The orthopedic management of foot and ankle problems associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is becoming better understood but is still evolving. It is now known that Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease should be considered a spectrum of neurologic disorders with variable inheritance patterns, clinical course, and severity of deformities. Over half of the patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease develop foot and ankle problems of which the cavovarus deformity is by far the commonest. Other clinical problems include weakness, parathesias, pain, and an unsteady gait. The cavovarus deformity seems to develop from a relative imbalance between the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles and from an imbalance between the tibialis posterior and peroneus brevis muscles. Treatment of the cavovarus foot deformities should be individualized for each patient after careful preoperative evaluation. Surgery using a variety of soft tissue procedures and osteotomies seems to be the treatment of choice for the progressive cavovarus deformity in younger patients. For a patient who has severely rigid deformities a triple arthrodesis may be the only option but is considered by most to be a salvage procedure. It always should be kept in mind that Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a progressive neurologic disorder and the deformities can progress despite surgical intervention. Even though the results of treatment in this disease are difficult to evaluate because of the wide [figure: see text] spectrum of disease, it seems reasonable to believe that early surgical intervention in the flexible cavus foot can restore normal foot posture and help prevent or delay the need for more extensive bony procedures.
Vitamin E, Immunity and Disease Resistance

The effect of vitamin E on immune responses and disease resistance is now well established and has been covered in recent reviews (Axelrod, 1978; Nockels, 1978; Sheffy and Schultz, 1979; Tengerdy, 1978). Predictably, vitamin E ([dl])-α-tocopheryl-acetate) deficiency leads to impaired immune response and disease protection (Axelrod, 1978). Large doses of vitamin E, much larger than the presently accepted recommended minimal daily allowance, on the other hand, enhance certain immune responses and can lead to increased disease resistance in a number of animal species against a variety of infectious agents. Table I. illustrates this point.
Sex discrimination in selection for residency.

Despite their growing numbers in specialties formerly practiced by men, women still confront some sex-related bias in medicine. Learn about topics that candidates do not have to talk about during interviews. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Substrate-Selective Inhibition and Peripheral Site Labeling of Acetylcholinesterase by Platinum(Terpyridine)Chloride

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of its physiological substrate acetylcholine as well as of a number of other acetic acid esters. A key feature of AChE is its speed in cleaving substrates (Rosenberry, 1975a). The second order rate constant for acetylcholine hydrolysis (kcat/Kapp = 2 × 108 M-1s-1) approaches the value expected for a diffusion-controlled reaction. The turnover rate for acetylcholine (kcat = 2 x 104 s-1) is at the upper limit of reactions catalyzed by general acid-base catalysis. Quinn (1987) has noted that an enzyme with such a high catalytic efficiency is likely to have evolved to a point where the free energies of successive transition states are nearly matched and comparable to the diffusional barrier for substrate binding.
The Most Important Three Things in the World

The most important three things in the world are faith, hope, and charity. Faith is not the power to bend God’s will to ours, but rather the power to align our will with His. Answers do not always come in the time frame and way we expect. Hope is not just a positive attitude; it is a surrender and trust in God and His promises. The importance of charity can scarcely be overstated; it has been called the greatest of all things, without which we are nothing. We should listen and seek to understand others. We should give to and seek to serve others. We should care for and love others.
Models for Evaluating Value Chains

So far, the value-added processes or systems have been treated as a “black-box”. We examine the resources available to the processes or systems and monitor the “conversions” of these resources (inputs) into the desired outputs. However, each process or system can include many subprocesses. For example, if the process is to make a car, then important subprocesses include assembling and painting. If we evaluate the efficiency of a supply chain system, then we need to measure the performance of each individual supply chain components, including suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and customers.
The First Chapter

[1] The revelation of Jesus Christ, [2] which God gave unto him [3] for to show unto his servants the things which must shortly come to pass. [4] And he sent and showed by his angel unto his servant John, [5] which bore record of the word of God, and of the testimony of Jesus Christ, and of all things that he saw. [6] Happy is he that readeth and they that hear the words of the prophecy and keep those things which are written therein, [7] for the time is at hand.