cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Efficient, Nonintrusive, Log-Based I/O Mechanism for Scientific Simulations on Clusters

Scientific simulations are often very I/O intensive, requiring high I/O bandwidth to store the data generated by the simulation. Traditional supercomputers have specialized I/O systems with multiple I/O nodes and specialized interconnects to handle such high I/O loads. However, with the increased availability of inexpensive clusters of workstations, more and more simulations are now run on clusters. Unfortunately, cluster supercomputers are usually not very well equipped for I/O, making I/O a serious bottleneck for such applications. To address this problem, we propose log-based I/O (LBIO), an approach that can substantially increase the I/O performance of simulations on clusters by utilizing free space on the cluster's local disks to stage data on its way to remote storage. LBIO uses local disks to create a log of all I/O calls, and uses a background thread to replay the log at the rate that best utilizes the server and network resources. LBIO is implemented as an easy-to-use, non-intrusive library - a user can turn on LBIO by adding a single initialization call to the simulation code. LBIO also works with existing scientific I/O libraries like HDF, as well as collective libraries like ROMIO. Our performance studies on microbenchmarks and a real-world scientific simulation code show that LBIO can provide upto 35% improvement in I/O performance for raw I/O and over 50% for I/O through libraries like ROMIO or HDF
On the Implementation and Performance of the (α, t) Protocol on Linux

This article details the design and implementation of the (α, t) protocol, a clustering and routing protocol for ad hoc networks on Linux. Clustering and routing protocols that are developed are normally tested using simulations. Without actual implementation, it is very difficult to perceive how efficient and effective the protocol would prove to be in the real world. The (α, t)-cluster framework deals with a unified approach to adapt dynamically to changing network topology. Nodes are organized into clusters depending on the ability to bound the probability of path failure due to node movement. This clustering scheme forms the basis for an adaptive routing strategy wherein routes within a cluster are maintained proactively and routes between clusters are managed reactively. The authors conclude the article by discussing an experimental study to evaluate the performance of the (α, t) protocol.
Labellar lobe spreading in the blowfly: Regulation by taste and satiety

Lobe spreading behavior was studied by recording electromyograms from the muscles which spread the labellar lobes, the retractors of the furca (RF) inPhormia regina. RF responses and lobe spreading could be elicited by stimulating labellar, but not tarsal, taste hairs with sucrose (Fig. 3). RF activity was important to spread the lobes at the beginning of a meal, but was not necessary for continued feeding (Fig. 4). Temporal summation between sugar receptor spikes was necessary to elicit RF responses. Central response decrement occurs independently for different labellar hairs and may participate in the termination of motor responses. RF responses were more probable and more intense when either the sucrose concentration of the stimulus or the number of hairs stimulated was increased (Fig. 7). Stimulation with NaCl had no effect on the response to simultaneous sucrose stimulation of other hairs (Table 1). Feeding caused decreases in the probability and intensity of motor responses, but did not alter chemosensory responses (Figs. 8 and 9). Section of either the recurrent or median abdominal nerves prevented this postingestional inhibition of lobe spreading (Fig. 9). These results are discussed with regard to the possible role that regulation of lobe spreading may play in the control of food intake.
Electroanalytical and Spectroscopic Studies of Poly(2,2'-bithiophene)-Modified Platinum Electrode to Detect Catechol in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid.

This article describes an undergraduate laboratory for an instrumental analysis course that integrates electroanalytical chemistry and infrared spectroscopy. Modified electrode surfaces are prepared by constant potentiometric electrolysis over the potential range of 1.5�1.8 V and analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroscopy. The students learned how to prepare a poly(2,2'-bithiophene)-modified platinum sensor electrode for the detection of catechol in the presence of ascorbic acid. The peak separation in the cyclic voltammograms and the shifts of the IR peaks are used to assess the quality of the modified electrode.
Movements of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris , in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California

The green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, is a long-lived, iteroparous, anadromous acipenserid that is native to the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California. Sub-adult and adult fish are oceanic, but enter the estuary during the spring and remain through autumn. Little is known about green sturgeon distribution within the estuary or what, if any, physical parameters influence their movements. We report the results of a telemetry study conducted between September 2001 and November 2002. Five sub-adult and one adult green sturgeon were captured by trammel net in the San Pablo Bay region of the estuary. We implanted depth-sensing, ultrasonic transmitters within the peritoneum of individuals and tracked them from a boat for 1 – 15 h per day over periods ranging from 1 to 12 days. Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen profiles of the water column were measured hourly. Observed movements were categorized as either non-directional or directional. Non-directional movements, accounting for 63.4% of observations, were closely associated with the bottom, with individuals moving slowly while making frequent changes in direction and swim speed, or not moving at all. Directional movements consisted of continuous swimming in the top 20% of the water column while holding a steady course for extended periods. Four of the five sub-adult fish remained within the confines of San Pablo Bay for the duration of their tracking period. The remaining sub-adult moved over 45 km up-river into Suisun Bay before contact was lost. The adult fish exited the bay and entered the ocean 6 h after release near Tiburon, CA, a movement of approximately 10 km. The sub-adult fish typically remained at the shallower depths (<10 m) of the estuary, but there were no apparent preferences for temperature, salinity, or dissolved oxygen, with the fish moving widely and rapidly across the range of these physical parameters. Activity is believed to be independent of light level with no discernable crepuscular, nocturnal, or diurnal peaks in activity.
The Role of Images and Art in Nanotechnology

ABSTRACT The profusion of images following from the development of nanoscience/technology has coexisted with persistent confusion about how nano images work and what they mean in varying contexts. This article gives insights on some of the more pervasive images, how they can be categorized and what problems have occurred in efforts to use visual information in the exploration and confirmation of the nanoscale.
Interactive effects of feed form and dietary lysine on growth responses of commercial broiler chicks

SUMMARY It has been shown in previous studies that older broilers can be affected by feed form, particularly as it relates to the pellet quality not allowing these birds to express their full growth potential. In this study, the interactive effects of dietary lys concentration and feed form were evaluated in broiler chicks. Broilers were given 1 of 3 possible feed forms [mash (Ma), mash exposed to conditioner steam (CM), and pellets in the form of crumbles (PC)] and 1 of 5 possible graded levels of true digestible lys (0.85, 0.95, 1.05, 1.15, and 1.25%) from hatch until 18 d of age. the study comprised a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments in which feed form and dietary lys were the factors evaluated, with 15 treatment combinations being represented by 8 replicate floor pens, for a total of 120 floor pens. lysine and feed form interacted for effects on BW gain and feed conversion, resulting in birds fed Ma attaining BW gain and feed conversion values similar to those in chicks fed CM and PC, but only when lys was fed at the highest level. Based on regression analysis, BW gain and feed consumption of chicks fed the PC diets responded much quicker to increasing dietary lys levels than did BW gain and feed consumption of chicks fed the Ma and CM diets, and chicks achieved greater BW gain and feed consumption at similar lys concentrations. Furthermore, chicks fed the PC diets achieved their optimal response with less dietary lys. In addition, chicks fed the PC diets quickly reached a maximum response for BW and feed consumption, and they obtained a greater accretion of projected BW gain and feed consumption. Blood plasma analysis of total protein and albumin further corroborated the response observed in chicks fed the Ma diets. overall, there is a need to achieve optimal pellet quality as a way to avoid excessive dietary lys concentration, in turn allowing broiler chicks to express their full growth potential.
Diversity of sulfate-reducing genes (dsrAB) in sediments from Puget Sound.

Abstract The aims of this study were to characterize the population structure and diversity of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) from three distinct sites at Puget Sound, and relate the biogeochemical properties of the sediments to the sulfate‐reducer communities. The population composition and diversity of sulfate‐reducing bacteria carrying dsrAB genes from surface Puget Sound sediments was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction‐based cloning approach. Sediment cores were collected from three different locations: Carr Inlet (C1A), Shallow Bud Inlet (S1A), and Turning Basin (T1A). A total of 498 dsrAB clones were sequenced from the three sites. Ecological indices indicated that T1A had the highest diversity and evenness values and C1A had the lowest. Correlations were also found between diversity indices and geochemical parameters. The diversity of the SRB decreased with decreasing carbon concentrations and sulfate reduction rates, and increasing levels of oxygen. A phylogenetic comparison revealed ...
End of an era: The daytime radio serial

Today we are highly aware of the transitory nature of broadcast programming. One season features comedy, another adventure‐drama. On radio, even the currently pervading popular music recordings were far less common thirty‐five to forty years ago. One of the longest “runs” that any program type ever had was that of the domestic daytime serial, better known as the “soap opera.” Although the radio soap opera is dead, this article is not a eulogy, but a history; the story of the rise and fall of an institution that many thought would last as long as radio itself. Perhaps, considering radio programming today and the current healthy state of the television soap opera, in a sense it did last as long as we thought it might.
Lupus vasculitis with tibial artery thrombosis and gangrene.

Observation d'une fillette chez laquelle le diagnostic a ete fait en 1982 a l'âge de 11 ans, et chez qui une amputation de jambe a du etre faite 1 an plus tard
Disk file allocation based on the buddy system

The buddy system is known for its speed and simplicity. However, high internal and external fragmentation have made it unattractive for use in operating system file layout. A variant of the binary buddy system that reduces fragmentation is described. Files are allocated on up to t extents, and inoptimally allocated files are periodically reallocated. The Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) uses this method. Several installations of DTSS, representing different classes of workload, are studied to measure the method's performance. Internal fragmentation varies from 2-6 percent, and external fragmentation varies from 0-10 percent for expected request sizes. Less than 0.1 percent of the CPU is spent executing the algorithm. In addition, most files are stored contiguously on disk. The mean number of extents per file is less than 1.5, and the upper bound is t. Compared to the tile layout method used by UNIX, the buddy system results in more efficient access but less efficient utilization of disk space. As disks become larger and less expensive per byte, strategies that achieve efficient I/O throughput at the expense of some storage loss become increasingly attractive.
Radiation-induced interface traps in MOS devices: capture cross section and density of states of P/sub b1/ silicon dangling bond centers

P/sub b/ centers dominate radiation-induced interface defects. On the (100) Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface, the P/sub b0/ center dominates radiation damage, but another center, the P/sub b1/, plays a secondary role. Neither the electronic density of states nor the capture cross section of this center are well established. This study provides information about both the density of states and capture cross section of P/sub b1/. The study also shows that some refinement is required in techniques utilized to separate interface trap space charge from space charge in the oxide.
Transmission power control for 802.11: a carrier-sense based NAV extension approach

This paper presents a carrier-sense based transmission power control protocol, CSNE-PC, which addresses the energy inefficiency of basic power control protocols (BPC) for IEEE 802.11 based networks. In BPC, RTS and CTS packets are exchanged at full power while data and acknowledgement transmissions are carried out at low power. While being intuitive and simple to implement, BPC's energy efficiency is significantly degraded by a unique hidden collision problem, which is removed by the approach in this paper. In CSNE-PC, a node measures and analyses its carrier-sense activities for detecting 802.11 CTS packets in the extended neighborhood of carrier sense range. Upon detecting a CTS packet, the node sets or extends its MAC layer NAV and enters into a silence mode for the data packet duration. Unlike BPC, this enables CSNE-PC to control transmission power without having to suffer from additional data collisions. Evaluation of CSNE-PC through simulation demonstrates that under sustainable loading conditions, reduction in combined transmit and receive energy for CSNE-PC can be as high as 38%, and that is while retaining the throughput and delay characteristics of the regular 802.11 protocol
Quantitative accuracy of PET/CT for image-based kinetic analysis

Accuracy in quantification of activity concentrations (e.g., in Bq/ml) is essential for compartment modeling and kinetic analysis of dynamic reconstructed PET images. Dynamic PET data can be acquired in list-mode, and often are preferred over frame mode acquisitions due to the flexibility of reformatting the list-mode data into different dynamic image sequences after the acquisition is complete. However, most PET data are acquired as static frames. It therefore is important to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of list-mode or dynamic PET acquisitions prior to their use for clinical or research applications. The quantitative accuracy of list-mode acquisitions obtained with a Siemens Biograph 16 PET/CT scanner at our institution was evaluated; the image data were acquired from an anthropomorphic phantom (Data Spectrum, Hillsborough, NC) filled with an aqueous solution of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). PET data were acquired with the phantom for the following three different configurations: (1) with nonradioactive water in the body compartment and aqueous solution of 18F-FDG in only a fillable cylindrical insert to simulate the first several seconds of highly concentrated radioactivity within the field of view such as that in major venous or pulmonary vessels or in the cardiac ventricles, (2) with radioactivity throughout the entire body compartment and imaged with 3 min static frames and 12 min in list-mode that was reformatted into four 3-min frames, and (3) with radioactivity throughout the body compartment and imaged in list-mode and reformatted into sequential time frames having durations of 3, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 67 s, respectively (i.e., total of 180 s). All measured concentration values were compared against values acquired from static images or against the actual activity concentrations calculated from the calibrated activities dispensed into the phantom corrected for physical decay of 18F. These analyses demonstrated that the count rate limitation is minimal or negligible as long as there is no more than 370-440 MBq (10-12 mCi) activity entirely within the axial FOV and that list-mode acquisition yields accurate quantitation of activity concentrations over a clinically realistic range of activities. In addition, reformatting a single list-mode acquisition into frames of different durations retains quantitative accuracy with respect to static frame data and compared to the known radionuclide concentration in the phantom. Within these constraints, the list-mode data acquired with the Biograph 16 PET/CT system are quantitatively accurate for image-based kinetic analysis.
Emotion and Cognition: An Intricately Bound Developmental Process

Regulatory aspects of development can best be understood by research that conceptualizes relations between cognition and emotion. The neural mechanisms associated with regulatory processes may be the same as those associated with higher order cognitive processes. Thus, from a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective, emotion and cognition are dynamically linked and work together to process information and execute action. This article highlights the authors’ recent efforts at integrating emotion regulation and cognitive processing during the first year of life by focusing on the methodological criteria outlined by Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue), and it discusses the idea that emotion and cognition are an intricately bound developmental process. From a developmental cognitive neuroscience point of view, emotion and cognition, traditionally considered separate processes, are dynamically linked and work together to process information and execute action (e.g., Cacioppo & Berntson, 1999). In other words, regulatory aspects of development can best be understood by investigations that conceptualize relations between emotion and cognition. Cole, Martin, and Dennis (this issue) noted in their Summary and Conclusions section that developmental research can be enriched by studies of the role of emotions in organizing a child’s thinking, learning, and action (emotions as regulating), and likewise by studies of the role of thinking, learning, and action in the regulating of emotions (emotions as regulated). In this commentary, we propose that those suggested developmental studies linking cognition and emotion would do more than simply enrich the child development field. Research integrating cognition and emotion is essential in any attempt to comprehend emotion regulation and to endorse it as a scientific construct because cognition and emotion represent an intricately bound developmental process.
Three-dimensional bridging scale analysis of dynamic fracture

This paper presents a three-dimensional generalization of the bridging scale concurrent method, a finite temperature multiple scale method that couples molecular dynamics (MD) to finite elements (FE). The generalizations include the numerical calculation of the boundary condition acting upon the reduced MD region, as such boundary conditions are analytically intractable for realistic three-dimensional crystal structures. The formulation retains key advantages emphasized in previous papers, particularly the compact size of the resulting time history kernel matrix. The coupled FE and reduced MD equations of motion are used to analyze dynamic fracture in a three-dimensional FCC lattice, where interesting physical phenomena such as crack branching are seen. The multiple scale results are further compared to benchmark MD simulations for verification purposes.
Hyperspectral image restoration and coding

Hyperspectral images consist of the same image taken in different spectral bands. These images exhibit high correlation between the pixels in both the spatial and spectral dimensions. It is desirable to design a filter that takes advantage of this property. We implement an image restoration system and a coding system using a multidimensional filter. The image restoration system restores the lost samples and removes the additive noise using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. For hyperspectral image coding, we use adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) to achieve high compression of the image cube. Experimental results are very promising and illustrate the performance of the multidimensional filter.
Measured Comparison of Dual-Branch Signaling Over Space and Polarization Diversity

Polarization diversity is an efficient alternative to space diversity as it cuts the antenna spacing requirements in half, but comparable results to spatially separated antennas need to be realized for practical implementation to take place. A dual feed square patch antenna has been chosen to demonstrate a complete system evaluation from the antenna design to symbol error rate (SER) performance of polarization diversity. The patch antenna has been designed with vertical and horizontal polarizations, which are well isolated at 2.4 GHz. The beam patterns were measured in the anechoic chamber on The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) campus. The nature of the beam patterns greatly influenced the results, which have been reported in line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) indoor environments in the Erik Jonsson Engineering and Computer Science North (ECSN) building at UTD. Performance evaluation has been developed for 1 × 1, 2 × 1, and 2 × 2 systems based on channel gain, channel correlation, and SER. The dual feed patch antenna performs more consistently as the environment changes from LOS to NLOS due to the low channel correlation and the complementary nature of the vertical and horizontal beam patterns.
RAD: Reflector Attack Defense Using Message Authentication Codes

Reflector attacks are a variant of denial-of-service attacks that use unwitting, legitimate servers to flood a target. The attacker spoofs the target's address in legitimate service requests, such as TCP SYN packets. The servers, called "reflectors,'' reply to these requests, flooding the target. RAD is a novel defense against reflector attacks. It has two variants -- locally-deployed (L-RAD) and core-deployed (C-RAD). Local RAD uses message authentication codes (MACs) to mark outgoing requests at their source, so the target of a reflector attack can differentiate between replies to legitimate and spoofed requests. MACs can be validated either at the target machine or on a gateway router at the target's network. Core RAD, which is deployed at the AS level, handles larger attacks that overwhelm L-RAD. The source AS marks each packet it sends with a hash message authentication code (HMAC) and core ASes filter packets that carry incorrect HMACs. C-RAD prevents reflector attacks by filtering spoofed requests, rather than filtering reflected replies. We tested both variants using the DETER testbed by replaying backbone traces from the MAWI project archive in a congestion-responsive manner. Our tests show that Local RAD is better than the no-defense case, but gets overwhelmed when the attack exceeds the target's network capacity. Core-deployed RAD successfully handles attacks of all rates.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF A THUNDERSTORM CELL

Abstract A model of cumulus clouds is presented that combines the vertical equation of motion, the equation of mass continuity, the first law of thermodynamics, and the following cloud microphysical processes: condensation of water vapor to produce cloud droplets, conversion of cloud droplets to raindrops, glaciation, sublimation of water vapor, melting of ice crystals, evaporation of cloud droplets, evaporation of raindrops, evaporation of ice crystals, and evaporation of melting ice crystals. The conversion and glaciation processes are parameterized and the drag force is assumed to be provided by the weight of hydrometeors. The result of time integration of the model shows that, with the inclusion of the microphysical processes, some aspects of the three stages of the life cycle of a cumulus cloud as depicted by Byers and Braham in 1949 (developing stage, mature stage, and decaying stage) are simulated qualitatively by the model. The model also shows that the rate of conversion from cloud droplets to ra...
Rapid Large‐Scale Synthesis of Vanadate Nanoscrolls with Controllable Lengths

A simple one-step solvothermal synthetic approach has been applied to the rapid fabrication of VOx nanoscrolls (NScs) from vanadium pentoxide and either dodecylamine or octadecylamine as the structure-directing agent (SDA). By reaction of the appropriate ratio of SDA to vanadium oxide and solvent at 250 °C, approximately 20 g of NScs per synthesis could be formed within 2 h. Syntheses could be further adjusted so that the average lengths of the NScs could be varied from approximately 383 to 816 nm to 3.3 μm. The effect of synthesis parameters such as temperature, solvothermal reaction duration, and vanadium oxidation state on the formation of NScs was also investigated; detailed studies indicate that the variation between V4+ and V5+ appears to play a critical role in the formation of vanadate NScs.
Crossing Offline and Online Media: A Comparison of Online Advertising on TV Web Sites and Online Portals

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings of a study comparing the advertising on the web sites supported by offline media and on the dot.com media that only have online presence. The study analyzes the advertising strategies of leading U.S. TV networks’ web sites and online portals, which respectively represent web sites with strong offline media support and web sites with no offline media counterparts respectively. TV networks’ advertising strategies were identified based on a spectrum of brand extension and brand integration strategies. The results show that even with the strong offline support of the TV networks, TV web sites are much more moderate in their display of advertising than online portals and use primarily brand integration as their convergence strategy in advertising recruitment. Forced exposure advertising is not common in TV web sites, which is contrary to the captive audience characteristic of the TV medium. Portal sites have a much stronger presence of advertising support. Their advertisers...
The Overall Source Range Monitor Response during the Three Mile Island Unit 2 Accident

The source range monitor (SRM) response during the first 25 h of the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident is analyzed. The response of the SRM was simulated by performing static neutron transp...
Neonatal HSV infection Part I: continuing challenges.

Neonatal herpes still presents diagnostic and management problems in view of continuing high mortality and morbidity rates even though effective antiviral therapy is now available. This article which reviews current knowledge and progress provides practical guidelines for the diagnosis management and treatment of neonatal herpes based on the literature and decades of experience. It is advisable to focus at the local level on detecting maternal cervical infection applying the available diagnostic tools and obtaining appropriate medical speciality consultations as well as improving health worker and patient education about detecting and managing herpes simplex virus infections. (authors)
Cytokine-binding proteins in the lung

Numerous cytokines and growth factors signal the normal processes of tissue maintenance and remodeling in the lung, yet the aberrant expression of these peptide mediators is involved in a variety of pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, several different binding proteins function in controlling the extracellular levels of many of these cytokines in the lung. For example, a variety of cytokines and growth factors bind to and are regulated by the ubiquitous proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin. The insulin-like growth factors are controlled by a specific class of six different insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. The transforming growth factor-beta family and fibroblast growth factors interact with extracellular matrix proteins. Several growth factor receptors are shed into the extracellular milieu where they retain a functional binding domain and thereby act as specific binding proteins. Cytokine-binding proteins appear to have a diversity of functions and may serve as extracellular cytokine reservoirs, protective shields against proteolytic degradation of cytokines, modifiers of cytokine-induced biological activity, or as clearance avenues for cytokines. The wide spectrum of cytokine-regulating molecules is important in cell-cell communications under normal conditions, whereas cytokine-binding protein dysfunction could contribute to a number of pulmonary diseases.
Development of the Family Symptom Inventory: A Psychosocial Screener for Children With Hematology/Oncology Conditions

A growing body of literature has begun to underscore the importance of integrating family-based comprehensive psychological screening into standard medical care for children with oncology and hematology conditions. There are no known family-based measures designed to screen for clinically significan
A technique for the laboratory mating of rodent bot flies (Diptera: Cuterebridae).

Rodent bot flies of the genus Culerebra were first mated in the laboratory by Catts (1964, J. Med. Ent. 1 : 195–96) using procedures described by Weintraub (1961, Can. Ent. 93 : 149–56). The most successful of these techniques, the “tethered flight” method, consists of affixing a thread to the thorax of each fly and manipulating the sexes together in flight. The “decapitation” method requires decapitation of the male fly and stimulation of the male genitalia by manually stroking them against the female. Various modifications of these techniques have been utilized successfully by a number of investigators (Baird, 1971, J. Med. Ent. 8 : 615–22; Baird, 1972, J. Med. Ent. 9 : 81–85; Baird & Capelle, 1969, J. Med. Ent. 6 : 196; Catts, 1967, J. Med. Ent. 4 : 87–101). Weintraub pointed out that “both methods are laborious,” and they suffer from the limitation that an investigator is restricted to manipulating a single pair of flies at a time. In addition, the decapitation technique may negate using a male in more than one mating, especially if mating attempts are temporally isolated. The procedure described below has proven highly successful in mating Cuterebra approximates , and is efficient in terms of time, effort, and material.
Isolation of a Virus from Infectious Bovine Kerato-Conjunctivitis

Discussion and summaryA virus has been isolated from biopsy material from eyes of cattle with acute infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. No serum samples from these animals were available for testing against the virus. The virus is cytopathogenic for cells of bovine and human origin; ether resistant; relatively heat labile; does not hemagglutinate red blood cells from chickens, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, bovines, sheep, or man. Fluorescence microscopy of infected cells stained with Coriphosphine O and studies on the influence of 5-BUDR, 5-FUDR, and 5-FU on virus multiplication indicate that it is a DNA virus. Antisera (bovine or rabbit) against enteric, respiratory and other bovine viruses have failed to neutralize cytopathogenic activity of the virus. Per-nasal instillation of virus-containing tissue culture fluids has induced classical infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis of varying degrees of severity in 8 out of 18 inoculated cattle. It is of interest that 7 out of 12 heifers have fai...
Addition beliebiger Geschwindigkeiten

In Kap. 2 haben wir folgendermasen argumentiert: Wenn Alice in einem mit der Geschwindigkeit v fahrenden Zug einen Ball mit der Geschwindigkeit u in Fahrtrichtung wirft, dann bewegt sich der Ball relativ zu den Schienen mit der Geschwindigkeit $$w=u+v$$ (4.1) in dieselbe Richtung wie der Zug.
Seroepidemiological analysis on hepatitis B virus infection among community residents in Shanghai

Objective To systemically analyze the serological characteristics of hepatitis B virus( HBV) infection in the general population and preliminarily assess the effectiveness of immunization strategy of hepatitis B vaccine in Shanghai. Methods We enrolled 2 835 residents from 30 communities with multistage stratified random sampling method and principle of informed consent. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to detect serum samples. We used descriptive statistics tools to estimate standardized seroprevalence rate of HBV and analyze the epidemic distribution of HBV infection,vaccination rate and its related factors in Shanghai. Results The age standardized positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen( HBsAg),antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen( anti-HBs),and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen( anti-HBc) in Shanghai were 6. 86%,42. 82%,and 21. 33%,respectively,which had magnificent relationship with age,sex,occupation,living residence,and vaccination history. The seroprevalence rate of anti-HBc in the males was16. 77%,which was significantly higher than that of the females( 19. 22%,χ2= 2. 85; P 0. 05). The seroprevalence rate of HBsAg of urban population was 4. 99%,which was lower than that of rural population( 7. 04%,χ2= 5. 21; P 0. 05).The rate of anti-HBc in rural population was 20. 25% and was higher than that of urban population( 16. 15%),with statistical significance( χ2= 8. 02,P 0. 001). The seroprevalence rate of HBsAg for health care workers was 22. 22%and the rate of anti-HBc for food service personnel was 27. 78%. Additionally,the vaccination rate of community residents decreased significantly with age( trend χ2= 65. 96,P 0. 001). Conclusion The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccine is efficient in community residents in Shanghai. However,the situation of antibody attenuation and HBV vaccination in high risk population should be intensely concerned among community population in Shanghai.
New Research on the Stubborn Persistence of Tax Expenditures

In this essay I examine new research on tax expenditures. By utilizing survey experiments, several new studies have explored when and why the public prefers spending programs organized as tax credits rather than direct expenditures, even when the substance and cost of the policies are the same. I argue that this 'framing effects' research can help explain why tax expenditures have continued to grow faster than government spending as a whole, and why tax expenditure budgets have failed to stop this growth.
SELF-CARE REGIMENS FOR PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS

SUMMARY For those who suffer from interstitial cystitis, living with the condition is a challenge that requires creativity, patience, determination, and a sound set of coping mechanisms. Because of the high percentage of gynecologic and systemic manifestations of interstitial cystitis, a customized treatment regimen is often necessary to achieve the therapeutic goal of a remission in symptoms. Treatment philosophies should be based on the proposed causative mechanisms, and a multimodality approach to therapy is usually successful. Self-care regimens give the patient a sense of control by active participation in treatment, which often improves coping mechanisms. Treatment of the sequelae of chronic pain (anxiety and depression) often improves response to overall therapy. Remission is the goal, coping is the key, and creativity opens the door to treating this most perplexing of conditions.
Long Term Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia Treated with Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Cyclosporine.

Abstract Acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a fatal bone marrow failure disorder which commonly affects the young. An increased incidence of SAA is observed in children and young adults between the ages of 15 and 25. In those who have a histocompatible sibling donor, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often performed; for the remainder of patients immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with an anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) based regimen is the treatment of choice. The overall response rate (children + adults) to ATG is 60–70%, with prolonged survival achieved in 70–80% of cases. Most of the reports on the efficacy of IST with ATG in children are of small cohorts. Here we report the outcome of children under the age of 18 treated with horse ATG + cyclosporine (CsA) at our institution from 1989 to 2006. Overall 77 received horse ATG as the initial IST. The overall response rate at 6 months was 74% (57/77); the cumulative incidence of relapse at 10 years was 33% and the median time to relapse was 558 days. The cumulative incidence of evolution following IST was 8.5%; all 3 cases occurred among partial responders. Cytogenetic abnormalities that were detected after IST were: monosomy 7 in two patients and deletion 13q in one patient. Overall there were 13 deaths (17%): four occurred within the 3 months following IST in patients who had a pre-treatment ANC of less than 100/uL and nine deaths occurred further than 6 months of IST. The median time to death was 570 days. The overall 10-year survival for the entire cohort was 80%; long term survival in patients who responded to IST was 89%. We conducted a separate analysis in the age group of 18–21. In total, 35 patients in this age group were treated with h-ATG-based IST from 1989 to 2006. The overall hematologic response rate was 60% (21/35) of which 7 relapsed (33%). The overall response rate among children (
Re-Imagine Texts, Highlight Identity

Discussing the topic through experiences in the game writing and narrative design classroom, this talk addresses the effectiveness of incorporating multimedia projects into the revision process.AÂ Seeking revision techniques that embraced the best practices of the writing classroom while attempting to extend the work outside of class, the speaker augmented a traditional assignment with an audiovisual revision introduced after an initial text draft.AÂ Challenging students to re-imagine alphabetical texts as digital stories requires reflection to express their ideas in novel ways that engage a specific audience.AÂ The digital story revision also encourages students to highlight their individual personalities through their choices in voice and content delivery beyondAÂ the traditional syntax and tone of writing. Regardless of the specific content, students can more easily disseminate their work via video hosting sites and social media AND potential employers via a web portfolio.AÂ Additionally, this practice allows for a more practical and meaningful alternative to classroom presentations while developing skills in familiar software. The speaker will present a practical framework for implementing this technique into a course, how to avoid various pitfalls, and highlight some student successes.AÂ Takeaway: Instructors will find that this method is equally useful in online, hybrid, and face-to-face courses; utilizes technology familiar to almost all faculty and student; allows students to be creative and imaginative in addressing any topic; and provides skills that will help students and faculty in almost any future venture in the classroom.
Optimal asset allocation with mutual information

This paper discusses an optimal equity growth trading strategy based on mutual information in communication theory and examines its application for asset allocation in financial investment. Specifically, The asset allocation formula derived from channel capacity of a binary symmetric channel (Kelly's formula) is used to determine the optimal fraction of equity to be invested in a repeated trading activity utilizing derivatives such as S&P futures and options. An analytical operating curve to predict trading performance is also provided. The simulated trading performance results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.
Dielectric relaxation of rod-like poly(N-hexyl isocyanate) in polar solvents

The dielectric behavior of a mixture of polar molecules provides information about the influence of longrange (dipolar) intermolecular forces on molecular reorientation. If the dielectric dispersions of the components of a binary polar mixture are widely separated in frequency, the observed intermediate value of the permittivity contains information about the dynamics and may be used to evaluate models for the effect of the internal field.
Spatially separating language masker from target results in spatial and linguistic masking release

Several studies demonstrate that in complex auditory scenes, speech recognition is improved when the competing background and target speech differ linguistically. However, such studies typically utilize spatially co-located speech sources which may not fully capture typical listening conditions. Furthermore, co-located presentation may overestimate the observed benefit of linguistic dissimilarity. The current study examines the effect of spatial separation on linguistic release from masking. Results demonstrate that linguistic release from masking does extend to spatially separated sources. The overall magnitude of the observed effect, however, appears to be diminished relative to the co-located presentation conditions.
Osmotic and Heat Stress Effects on Segmentation

During vertebrate embryonic development, early skin, muscle, and bone progenitor populations organize into segments known as somites. Defects in this conserved process of segmentation lead to skeletal and muscular deformities, such as congenital scoliosis, a curvature of the spine caused by vertebral defects. Environmental stresses such as hypoxia or heat shock produce segmentation defects, and significantly increase the penetrance and severity of vertebral defects in genetically susceptible individuals. Here we show that a brief exposure to a high osmolarity solution causes reproducible segmentation defects in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Both osmotic shock and heat shock produce border defects in a dose-dependent manner, with an increase in both frequency and severity of defects. We also show that osmotic treatment has a delayed effect on somite development, similar to that observed in heat shocked embryos. Our results establish osmotic shock as an alternate experimental model for stress, affecting segmentation in a manner comparable to other known environmental stressors. The similar effects of these two distinct environmental stressors support a model in which a variety of cellular stresses act through a related response pathway that leads to disturbances in the segmentation process.
Predictive markers for programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis blockade therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM).

e20029 Background: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has proven an effective therapeutic strategy in pts with MM. However, no markers are known to clearly predict the clinical benefit of this approach. We evalua...
Measuring security practice use: a case study at IBM

Software development teams apply security practices to prevent vulnerabilities in the software they ship. However, vulnerabilities can be difficult to find, and security practices take time and effort. Stakeholders can better guide software development if they have empirical data on how security practices are applied by development teams. The goal of this paper is to inform managers and developers on the use of security practices through a case study of an industrial software team so that managers and developers can base their security practice adoption decisions on empirical evidence. We present a case study of security practice use in a typical software development project at IBM. We collected empirical data from three perspectives: qualitative observations, a survey of the team members, and text mining of the team's development history. The team's top three practices were "Track Vulnerabilities", "Apply Secure Coding Standards" and "Apply Security Tooling". Our results indicate that the IBM team applied all investigated security practices and had good security outcomes, that tools and automation in the development and testing processes are applied and valued, that most practices required regular effort from the team and support from the organization, and that the team recognizes opportunities for improvement. We provide a list of lessons learned.
Communication in Russia in the 17th century: the evidence in Patrick Gordon’s correspondence

A unique 17th-century historical source, the diaries of Patrick Gordon, a Scot in Russian service, contains a great deal of information about Russian history. A close reading of the detailed record of daily events in the author’s life reveals details about Russian life, which are not found in other documents. From Gordon’s diaries and correspondence, the article’s author extracted information, which helps us understand the functioning of the postal service in Russia in the late 17th century. Several aspects of the problem are treated. Firstly, information about his correspondents is systematized, including personal, official, and more casual acquaintances. Analysis of the correspondence underscores Gordon’s wide-reaching national, social and familial connections. Secondly, the article describes the routes that letters traveled to and from their addressees. There was a clear preference for sending letters via special couriers or acquaintances who happened to be traveling, even if a government system of communication was available. Thirdly, the article establishes transit times and explains the possible objective or subjective reasons why they might be faster or be delayed. This analysis also reveals something about the interactions between Patrick Gordon and his contemporaries, which is evidenced by the frequency of the correspondence and the direct responses. The author discusses concrete circumstances around the organization of the official postal network and its development in its early stages. The publication of the article is in two thematically delineated parts. The first examines data about Gordon’s communications network, such as communication routes, official and personal agreements, as well as speed and frequency of exchanges. To a degree the content of the letters is examined here, though their more detailed treatment is to be found in the second part of the article devoted to the analysis of how he obtained political news and intelligence information. Both parts are organized roughly chronologically: it is important to see what changes occurred over nearly half a century covered in the diaries. The author’s conclusions provide evidence about the broad connections of Russia and Europe as well as the active diplomacy, which made it imperative in the Petrine era to establish a state postal system. In the case of Patrick Gordon, who was an active participant in the political process, we can see how it was essential for him to take advantage of all means of communication in order to maintain his extensive correspondence about political, military, and personal affairs.