cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Value of Cell Cycle Gene Expression Signatures in Muscle Invasive, High-Grade Bladder Cancer

Background: Approximately half of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer succumb to their disease. Previous work identified cell cycle related genes as a prognostic class of gene expression biomarkers in bladder cancer and found a specific 31gene cell cycle proliferation (CCP) signature predicted outcome across multiple bladder cancer cohorts. However, the prognostic value of the CCP signature specifically in muscle invasive tumors was not evaluated. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of cycle related genes in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancers. Method: We collected all publicly available gene expression data for patients with high-grade, muscle invasive bladder cancer (8 cohorts, N = 458). We evaluated the CCP signature and two larger cell cycle gene sets: 1826 genes with a Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of “cell cycle” (GO-CCS) and 124 genes belonging to the “cell cycle” pathway in the KEGG pathway database (KEGG-CCS). An independently derived a sex identification gene signature (SIS) was developed as a positive control. Results: While SIS distinguished males from females in all cohorts with information about patient sex, the CCP signature was not prognostic in any of the cohorts we analyzed, and the GO-CCS and KEGG-CCS were never prognostic in more than 2 independent cohorts. Furthermore, neither the CCP, GO-CCS, nor KEGG-CCS signatures were consistently enriched in prognostic genes while SIS was enriched with genes associated with sex in all cohorts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cell cycle related genes have limited prognostic value in patients with high-grade, muscle invasive tumors. Their usefulness in predicting progression of noninvasive disease and patient response to chemotherapy remains to be determined.
Collision and Capture

Objective properties Q related to various ways of crossing a target are classical but still basic, at least for systems which are already stabilized. Ever since its inception about 1960 when the first work appeared (see Kalman-Bertram [1], Kalman [1]), the notion of controllability has been connected with reaching a target. Initially, the problem was posed in a rather simplified and applicationally rigid form of attempting a transfer between two given states \( {\bar x^0}\) and \( \bar x\left( {{t_f}} \right) \in \Delta \) ∈ Δ under specified control.
Efficacy of Lumax EZ, Atrazine, Acuron, Armezon, Sharpen, Outlook, Verdict, and Prowl H2O in Irrigated Glyphosate-Resistant Corn

All treatments provided statistically superior control of Palmer amaranth compared to the control or a single application of glyphosate. All treatments provided excellent control of all other weed species. Although all herbicide tank mixes elevated corn yield compared to the control, there were no statistically significant differences among herbicides in their ability to do so.
Chromosomal organization of Histoplasma capsulatum

Large-DNA electrophoresis of strains of Histoplasma capsulatum has revealed up to seven chromosomes, with marked variation in the electrophoretic mobility of the chromosomes among different strains (Steele et al., 1989, 1991). The size of the chromosomal bands is in the megabase range, extending from the size of the largest Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes to beyond that of the largest Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes. Resolution of these bands required low field strength electrophoresis (0.5 — 1.0 volt/cm), with long switching times (up to 1 hour) and long gel runs (up to 1 week). In the Downs strain of H. capsulatum, six bands were resolved with contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gels, whereas five bands were resolved with field-inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). The use of chromosomal band-specific probes (most of which were random sequences) permitted the determination that at least seven chromosome-sized DNAs were present in the Downs strain. The resolution of these megabase bands by FIGE was illustrative of a double-valued relation between mobility and size described by Carle et al., (1986) in the original description of FIGE, in which larger DNAs migrate with increasingly greater mobility and thus co-migrate with much smaller DNAs. In the Downs, the four largest chromosomal DNAs migrated in this fashion. Although sizing of DNAs is problematic with FIGE, the degree of resolution of very large molecules can be facilitated with the use of FIGE by exploiting this property.
Automatic annotation of content-rich HTML documents: structural and semantic analysis

Although RDF/XML has been widely recognized as the standard vehicle for representing semantic information on the Web, an enormous amount of semantic data is still being encoded in HTML documents that are designed primarily for human consumption and not directly amenable to machine processing. This paper seeks to bridge this semantic gap by addressing the fundamental problem of automatically annotating HTML documents with semantic labels. Exploiting a key observation that semantically related items exhibit consistency in presentation style as well as spatial locality in template-based content-rich HTML documents, we have developed a novel framework for automatically partitioning such documents into semantic structures. Our framework tightly couples structural analysis of documents with semantic analysis incorporating domain ontologies and lexical databases such as WordNet. We present experimental evidence of the effectiveness of our techniques on a large collection of HTML documents from various news portals.
Objectively: Components versus Web Services

We are observing a dramatic confluence of several different aspects: software components, software as a service, and an ever growing space of Internet and Web standards. Over the past year all major players in the software industry have announced their support of XML Web Services in one form or another. So, are services here to displace components? And what about our good old objects?Drawing boundaries that help to understand the key concepts without obstructing the path towards future development is important but challenging. Concepts such as contracts, specifications, and perhaps even the very notion of correctness need to be rethought. Or are they? A strange feeling of deja vue spreads as we see computer science and software engineering rediscovered - this time at your service.After years of both academic and entrepreneurial experience, Clemens Szyperski has joined Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington in early 1999, where he works on furthering the principles, technologies, and methods supporting component software. He is the author of the award-winning book"Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming" (Addison Wesley), now in its second edition, and of numerous other publications. He has served on program committees for major international conferences, including ECOOP, ICSE, and OOPSLA and he is a frequent speaker at events of both academic and industrial nature.Clemens received his Masters in Electrical Engineering in 1987 from the Aachen Institute of Technology, in Germany. He received his PhD in Computer Science in 1992 from ETH Zurich under the guidance of Niklaus Wirth. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the International Computer Science Institute at UC Berkeley, he was tenured as associate professor at the Queensland University of Technology, Australia, where he continues to hold an adjunct professorship. He is a cofounder of Oberon Microsystems, Inc., Zurich, with its recent spinoff, esmertec inc, also Zurich.Clemens' homepage is at: www.research.microsoft.com/~cszypers/programming.
Microarchitecture Verification by Compositional Model Checking

Compositional model checking is used to verify a processor microarchitecture containing most of the features of a modern microprocessor, including branch prediction, speculative execution, out-of-order execution and a load-store buffer supporting re-ordering and load forwarding. We observe that the proof methodology scales well, in that the incremental proof cost of each feature is low. The proof is also quite concise with respect to proofs of similar microarchitecture models using other methods.
A cytokinesis checkpoint requiring the yeast homologue of an APC-binding protein

Checkpoint controls ensure that events of the cell-division cycle are completed with fidelity and in the correct order. In budding yeast with a mutation in the motor protein dynein, the mitotic spindle is often misaligned and therefore slow to enter the neck between mother cell and budding daughter cell. When this occurs, cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm into two) is delayed until the spindle is properly positioned1. Here we describe mutations that abolish this delay, indicating the existence of a new checkpoint mechanism. One mutation lies in the gene encoding the yeast homologue of EB1, a human protein that binds the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, a tumour suppressor. EB1 is located on microtubules of the mitotic spindle and is important in spindle assembly. EB1 may therefore, by associating with microtubules, contribute to the sensor mechanism that activates the checkpoint. Another mutation affects Stt4, a phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase. Cold temperature is an environmental stimulus that causes misalignment of the mitotic spindle in yeast and appears to activate this checkpoint mechanism.
BR-index: an indexing structure for subgraph matching in very large dynamic graphs

Subgraph indexing, i.e., finding all occurrences of a query graph Q in a very large connected database graph G, becomes an important research problem with great practical implications. To the best of our knowledge, most of subgraph indexing methods focus on the static database graphs. However, in many real applications, database graphs change over time. In this paper, we propose an indexing structure, BR-index, for large dynamic graphs. The large database graph is partitioned into a set of overlapping index regions. Features (small subgraphs) are extracted fromthese regions and used to index them. The updates toGcan be localized to a small number of these regions. To further improve the efficiency in updates and query processing, several novel techniques and data structures are invented, which include feature lattice, maximal features, and overlapping regions. Experiments show that the BR-index outperforms alternatives in queries and updates.
Characterization of the Human Ig Heavy Chain Antigen Binding Complementarity Determining Region 3 Using a Newly Developed Software Algorithm, JOINSOLVER

We analyzed 77 nonproductive and 574 productive human V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements with a newly developed program, JOINSOLVER. In the productive repertoire, the H chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3(H)) was significantly shorter (46.7 +/- 0.5 nucleotides) than in the nonproductive repertoire (53.8 +/- 1.9 nucleotides) because of the tendency to select rearrangements with less TdT activity and shorter D segments. Using criteria established by Monte Carlo simulations, D segments could be identified in 71.4% of nonproductive and 64.4% of productive rearrangements, with a mean of 17.6 +/- 0.7 and 14.6 +/- 0.2 retained germline nucleotides, respectively. Eight of 27 D segments were used more frequently than expected in the nonproductive repertoire, whereas 3 D segments were positively selected and 3 were negatively selected, indicating that both molecular mechanisms and selection biased the D segment usage. There was no bias for D segment reading frame (RF) use in the nonproductive repertoire, whereas negative selection of the RFs encoding stop codons and positive selection of RF2 that frequently encodes hydrophilic amino acids were noted in the productive repertoire. Except for serine, there was no consistent selection or expression of hydrophilic amino acids. A bias toward the pairing of 5' D segments with 3' J(H) segments was observed in the nonproductive but not the productive repertoire, whereas V(H) usage was random. Rearrangements using inverted D segments, DIR family segments, chromosome 15 D segments and multiple D segments were found infrequently. Analysis of the human CDR3(H) with JOINSOLVER has provided comprehensive information on the influences that shape this important Ag binding region of V(H) chains.
Controlled Patterning and Dimensional Control of Suspended Carbon Nanofibers

A simpleand inexpensive top down approach to fabricate micropatterned carbon micro- and nano-fibers has been developed combiningCarbon-MEMS technology, Low Voltage Near-Field Electrospinning (LVNFES),and isotropic dry etching.A multitude of applications can take advantage of these patterned carbon nanofibers especially in the field of electrochemical sensors and nanoelectronics. In particular, wehave developed a novel polymeric ink that exhibits excellent electrospinning capability in a LVNFES setup and that does survive the pyrolysis process. To illustrate the potential of this new ink, we have fabricated carbon fiberssuspended on Carbon-MEMS structures.The fiber thickness can be controlled by adjusting the LVNFES voltage and using isotropic oxygen plasma based dry etching.
Intranasal Nicotine Increases Postoperative Nausea and is Ineffective in Reducing Pain Following Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery in Tobacco-Naïve Females: A Randomized, Double Blind Trial

Nicotine is a known analgesic. Our primary aim was to test the hypothesis that intranasal nicotine administered intraoperatively reduces the need for postoperative opioids. The secondary outcomes included evaluation of both postoperative pain and nausea and vomiting (PONV). Nonsmoking female patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric operations were randomized to receive either 3 mg intranasal nicotine (N = 42) or placebo spray (N = 47) at the conclusion of surgery. Postoperative opioid use converted to intravenous morphine equivalents (iv MEQ) and PONV rates were recorded during both the recovery room postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay and the first 24 postoperative hours. All patients received multimodal antiemetic prophylaxis. Total iv MEQ were not significantly reduced during the PACU stay in patients receiving nicotine (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 5.3 [0, 10.0] mg for nicotine vs. 5.2 [0, 12.7] mg for placebo, one-tailed P = 0.414) or for the first 24 h following PACU discharge (39.6 [20.0, 52.5] mg for nicotine vs. 32.7 [20.3, 51.3] mg for placebo, one-tailed P = 0.752). For the combined period (PACU + 24-h post-PACU discharge), iv MEQ were 45.8 [27.0, 58.6] mg for nicotine and 39.4 [23.5, 60.0] mg for placebo, one-tailed P = 0.801. Compared to placebo, a higher percentage of patients administered nicotine received antiemetics in the PACU (57.1 vs. 25.5 %, P = 0.002). Intraoperative intranasal nicotine did not exhibit opioid-sparing effect in nonsmoking bariatric female patients. Despite antiemetic prophylaxis, the use of nicotine was associated with the higher frequency of the use of rescue antiemetics in PACU.
In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and capacitance voltage characterization of plasma treatments for Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN stacks

We investigate the Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor structure pretreated by O2 anneals, N2 remote plasma, and forming gas remote plasma prior to atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and capacitance- voltage measurements. Plasma pretreatments reduce the Ga-oxide/oxynitride formation and the interface state density, while inducing a threshold voltage instability.
Comparison of a 1,064 nm laser and a 1,320 nm laser for the nonablative treatment of acne scars.

Background. There have been many reports of the use of nonablative lasers for the treatment of acne scars. Objective. To evaluate the ability of the 1,064 nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser to treat acne scars and compare it with that of the 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser. Methods. Twelve patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I to III were randomly selected to have half of the face or back treated with the Lyra 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser (Laserscope Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA) and the other half with the CoolTouch II 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser (ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Three treatments at 4-week intervals were performed. Patients were evaluated by photographic and profilometric methods before and 6 months after the last treatment. Results. Immediate changes included mild erythema with the 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser and mild edema and erythema with the 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser. No long-term adverse changes were seen with either laser system. Using the 1,320 nm system, 42% of the patients had 30 to 40% clinical improvement, 42% had 11 to 29%, and 16% had 10% or less. With the 1,064 nm system, 58% had 30 to 40% clinical improvement and 42% had 11 to 29%. Average improvement in acne scars evaluated by three independent observers was 22% with the 1,320 nm laser compared with 28% with the 1,064 nm laser. The subjects' own grading was 39% with the 1,320 nm laser compared with 37% for the 1,064 nm laser. Prolifometric studies demonstrated comparable improvement, with no statistical difference using either laser. Conclusion. These data indicate that both the 1,064 nm laser and the 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser are safe and effective systems for the nonablative treatment of acne scars, achieving similar improvement. There appears to be a greater response with the 1,064 nm laser system as assessed by the clinical investigators.
Determining Segmentation in Sales Response across Consumer Purchase Behaviors

The authors develop a joint estimation approach to segment households on the basis of their response to price and promotion in brand choice, purchase incidence, and purchase quantity decisions. The...
Improved Tabu search heuristics for the dynamic space allocation problem

The dynamic space allocation problem (DSAP) presented in this paper considers the task of assigning items (resources) to locations during a multi-period planning horizon such that the cost of rearranging the items is minimized. Three tabu search heuristics are presented for this problem. The first heuristic is a simple basic tabu search heuristic. The second heuristic adds diversification and intensification strategies to the first, and the third heuristic is a probabilistic tabu search heuristic. To test the performances of the heuristics, a set of test problems from the literature is used in the analysis. The results show that the tabu search heuristics are efficient techniques for solving the DSAP. More importantly, the proposed tabu search heuristic with diversification/intensification strategies found new best solutions using less computation time for one-half of all the test problems.
Effect of temperature dependence of the volumetric expansion coefficient on combined forced and free convection

Abstract The momentum and energy equations under boundary layer assumptions have been solved for combined forced and free convection laminar flow over a vertical plate, taking into account the temperature dependence of the volumetric coefficient of expansion. Relations are derived for skin friction and heat transfer as functions of Prandtl number, Grashof number and Reynolds number. The effect of the temperature dependence of the coefficient of volumetric expansion on heat transfer is discussed.
Nested calderas and trapdoor uplift at Pantelleria, Strait of Sicily

Pantelleria is dominated by a caldera 6 km in diameter that formed 55,000 yr ago during eruption of a rheomorphic fall deposit that is zoned from pantellerite to trachyte. Trachytic lavas then built a shield that nearly filled the caldera. Magma subsequently reinflated the shallow reservoir and raised the northwest half of the trachyte shield 275 m, creating Montagna Grande by trapdoor uplift. The lid eventually failed, and pantellerite magma erupted as domes, flows, and pumice cones along the trapdoor faults and their hingeline. We have identified a second caldera ∼93,000 yr old, within which the younger caldera is nested; a still-older structure may encircle them both. Replenishment of magma reservoirs beneath calderas can promote dilatant reactivation of older subsidence structures, resulting in multicyclic collapses that reuse these structures and produce nested calderas.
Wild-Type p53: Tumors Can't Stand It

Most malignant tumors disrupt the p53 signaling pathway in order to grow and survive. Although many genes in addition to p53 are mutated in tumors, recent studies by Ventura et al. (2007) and Xue et al. (2007) suggest that restoring p53 function alone is sufficient to cause regression of several different tumor types in mice and thus might represent a potent therapeutic strategy to treat certain human cancers. Martins et al. (2006) also demonstrate that restoration of p53 activity results in tumor regression but add the sobering caveat that tumors may be able to quickly generate resistance by finding other ways to disrupt the p53 pathway.
Two-year survey comparing earthquake activity and injection-well locations in the Barnett Shale, Texas

Between November 2009 and September 2011, temporary seismographs deployed under the EarthScope USArray program were situated on a 70-km grid covering the Barnett Shale in Texas, recording data that allowed sensing and locating regional earthquakes with magnitudes 1.5 and larger. I analyzed these data and located 67 earthquakes, more than eight times as many as reported by the National Earthquake Information Center. All 24 of the most reliably located epicenters occurred in eight groups within 3.2 km of one or more injection wells. These included wells near Dallas–Fort Worth and Cleburne, Texas, where earthquakes near injection wells were reported by the media in 2008 and 2009, as well as wells in six other locations, including several where no earthquakes have been reported previously. This suggests injection-triggered earthquakes are more common than is generally recognized. All the wells nearest to the earthquake groups reported maximum monthly injection rates exceeding 150,000 barrels of water per month (24,000 m3/mo) since October 2006. However, while 9 of 27 such wells in Johnson County were near earthquakes, elsewhere no earthquakes occurred near wells with similar injection rates. A plausible hypothesis to explain these observations is that injection only triggers earthquakes if injected fluids reach and relieve friction on a suitably oriented, nearby fault that is experiencing regional tectonic stress. Testing this hypothesis would require identifying geographic regions where there is interpreted subsurface structure information available to determine whether there are faults near seismically active and seismically quiescent injection wells.
On the uniqueness of the graphs G(n, k) of the Johnson schemes

Abstract T. A. Dowling ( J. Combin. Theory 6 (1969), 251–263) proved the uniqueness of the graphs G ( n , k ) of the Johnson schemes for n > 2 k ( k − 1) + 4. We improve this result by showing the uniqueness of G ( n , k ) for n > 4 k .
Obstructive sleep apnea and ischemic heart disease in southwestern US veterans: implications for clinical practice

This study describes associations between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), intake of food rich in antioxidant nutrients, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) in military veterans. Subjects were male veterans (n=211), 54 to 85 years of age, and enrolled in primary care clinics at the Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System (SAVAHCS), Tucson, AZ. Measures included the SAVAHCS Minority Vascular Center Questionnaire, the Sleep Heart Health Study Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Arizona Food Frequency Questionnaire, height, weight, and blood pressure. Veterans with OSA were significantly more likely to be obese, to have elevated systolic blood pressure and physician-diagnosed IHD, more likely to undergo coronary angiography, and less likely to consume foods rich in cardioprotective antioxidants compared to veterans without OSA. After adjusting for confounding variables, the association between OSA and IHD remains significant [adjusted OR=2.99, confidence interval (CI)=1.07–8.42]. These data reinforce the importance of recognizing OSA within the veterans affairs health care system and suggest that early detection of OSA may improve veterans' health and well-being and reduce associated medical costs.
Motion-adaptive compressive coded apertures

This paper describes an adaptive compressive coded aperture imaging system for video based on motion-compensated video sparsity models. In particular, motion models based on optical flow and sparse deviations from optical flow (i.e. salient motion) can be used to (a) predict future video frames from previous compressive measurements, (b) perform reconstruction using efficient online convex programming techniques, and (c) adapt the coded aperture to yield higher reconstruction fidelity in the vicinity of this salient motion.
The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval

Partisan divisions in American politics have been increasing since the 1970s following a period where scholars thought parties were in decline. This polarization is observed most frequently within the debates and deliberation across issues within Congress. Given that most studies of public opinion place the behavior of elites at the center of public attitudes, surprisingly little research examines the effect of partisan conflict on the mass public. This research examines quarterly congressional approval data from 1974 to 2000 to determine the consequences, if any, of party conflict on the dynamics of congressional approval. The findings indicate that over-time changes in partisan conflict within Congress have a direct and lasting effect on how citizens think about Congress.
Acoustically discriminative language model training with pseudo-hypothesis

Recently proposed methods for discriminative language modeling require alternate hypotheses in the form of lattices or N-best lists. These are usually generated by an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system on the same speech data used to train the system. This requirement restricts the scope of these methods to corpora where both the acoustic material and the corresponding true transcripts are available. Typically, the text data available for language model (LM) training is an order of magnitude larger than manually transcribed speech. This paper provides a general framework to take advantage of this volume of textual data in the discriminative training of language models. We propose to generate probable N-best lists directly from the text material, which resemble the N-best lists produced by an ASR system by incorporating phonetic confusability estimated from the acoustic model of the ASR system. We present experiments with Japanese spontaneous lecture speech data, which demonstrate that discriminative LM training with the proposed framework is effective and provides modest gains in ASR accuracy.
Loss upon loss: The impact of death after divorce.

Abstract Studies of grief and bereavement have long recognized that attachment and relationship to the deceased is a critical determinant of the intensity of grief. Research has also noted the effect of ambivalent relationships on grief resolutions. Yet, most studies have tended to focus on the bereavement of immediate family and close kin. This study explores the bereavement of persons who have been divorced and then experienced the death of their ex-spouse. Based upon indepth interviews with a limited sample, this exploratory study considers the ways in which the grief of ex-spouse differs from and its similar to the grief experienced by widows, with rising divorce rates, this is likely to be an increasing issue in the future. Generally, if there was sufficient time, the loss due to divorce was completed and this minimized the impact of the death. When there was not time for the initial loss to be resolved, grief was complicated. Funeral rituals, the fact that the loss was not socially recognized, the l...
Novel use of a tracheobronchial stent in a patient with uterine didelphys and obstructed hemivagina.

Objective To describe a novel use for a tracheobronchial stent to maintain patency after vaginal septum excision in a patient with an obstructed hemivagina and uterine didelphys. Design Description of a novel technique. Setting University-affiliated children's hospital. Patient(s) One patient with an obstructed hemivagina and uterine didelphys who presented with hematometria and hematocolpos. Intervention(s) To maintain patency and decrease stenosis risk after vaginal septum excision, a coated tracheobronchial stent was deployed and left in place for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s) To evaluate ease of stent placement and removal, reepithelialization and patency of the neovagina, and postoperative assessment of pain and recurrent obstruction. Result(s) The tracheobronchial stent was easily positioned and deployed with vaginoscopic guidance. Six weeks later it was removed without any tissue ingrowth or granulation tissue noted. The vaginal walls were nicely epithelialized. Twelve months postoperatively, the patient remained pain free with regular cycles and no evidence of obstruction or abnormality on ultrasound. Conclusion(s) Use of a coated tracheobronchial stent to maintain patency after septum excision in a patient with an obstructed hemivagina presents a safe, easy, and effective option to diminish stenosis risk and avoid infectious complications or hysterectomy.
Organelle division: From coli to chloroplasts

FtsZ, an ancestral homolog of eukaryotic tubulin, assembles into the cytokinetic Z ring that directs cell division in bacteria. Recent results indicate that FtsZ is also used for division by chloroplasts, though not by mitochondria.
Teachers' and Students' Negotiation Moves When Teachers Scaffold Group Work.

Group work has been a main activity recommended by mathematics education reform. We aim at describing the patterns of interaction between teachers and students during group work. We ask: How do teachers scaffold group work during a problem-based lesson? We use data from a problem-based lesson taught in six geometry class periods by two teachers who did not routinely implement problem-based small group work. We applied systemic functional linguistics to examine teacher and student moves when the teachers assisted the groups. We found that the teachers’ scaffolding moves exemplified analytic and social scaffolding because the teachers made the content needed for solving the problem explicit, and, also, encouraged students. The students’ performance of moves showed how they controlled the timeliness and the content of the scaffolds. The findings support prior research on classroom norms that increase student opportunities for conceptual agency and illustrate how those opportunities emerge.
Cholesterol and fatty acids in several species of shrimp

The cholesterol value for several species of shrimp from several different geographical locations was determined. The overall average for all the samples was 152 ± 15 mg/100g of edible portion of shrimp. Two samples of Pandalus borealis, Gloucester prawns and Canadian prawns, accounted for the low (136 mg/100g) and the high (186 mg/ 100g) limits, respectively, of the range of cholesterol. All shrimp were low in fat at about 1%. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were present at about 30% of the total fatty acids, providing about 0.20g/100g in the edible portion.
Thermal modeling of laser sintering of two-component metal powder on top of sintered layers via multi-line scanning

Laser sintering of a two-component metal powder layer on top of sintered layers, with a moving circular Gaussian laser beam is modeled numerically. The overlap between the adjacent scanning lines, as well as the binding between the newly sintered layer and existing sintered layers underneath through melting, are also considered. The governing equation is formulated by a temperature-transforming model, with partial shrinkage induced by melting taken into account. The liquid flow of the molten low melting point metal powders driving by capillary and gravity forces is formulated by Darcy’s law. The effects of the dominant processing parameters, including the moving laser beam intensity, scanning speed, and the number of the existing sintered layers underneath on the shape of the heat affected zone (HAZ) are investigated.
Factors affecting the collection and analysis of radiotracer images.

The factors that should be considered in the choice of instrumentation for various clinical imaging situations are reviewed in this article. Imaging systems used in nuclear medicine can be classified according to the relative sensitivity and resolution of the specific system. Most systems currently available have adopted a relatively low sensitivity in an effort to achieve relatively high resolution. Some of the problems encountered which may result in image distortion include count rate losses due to dead time and spatial distortion due to variations in sensitivity and linearity as the photon source moves across the detector. In addition, various problems in temporal resolution also are encountered and these are described in detail in this review. The requirements for the performance of static and dynamic function studies are frequently quite different. In the static study a high resolution image is required and there is a relatively small limitation in the time which may be devoted to the study. On the other hand, a dynamic function study may require the collection of data at extremely short intervals of time which may necessitate the sacrifice of resolution for increased sensitivity. Because of the inherent nature, design, and performance of the machines, there are significant differences in the suitability of the Anger camera and the Autofluoroscope for various studies. These differences are compared and contrasted in this review and the factors which influence the way in which data are collected and processed are enumerated.
Semicrystalline polyphosphazenes: A comparative study of topology, morphology, and contact angles for three fluorous and one aryl polyphosphazene

Abstract This report describes the surface morphology and wetting behavior of one aryl and three fluorous polyphosphazenes: poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene], PTFEP, 1, poly[bis(para-fluorophenoxy)phosphazene] 2, poly[bis(meta-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phosphazene] 3, and poly(diphenoxyphosphazene) 4. Thermal analysis confirms high thermal stability for these polyphosphazenes. With phenyl side chains, 2–4 are particularly stable with T5% >400 °C. Surface morphology via tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) and dynamic contact angles (DMA) are correlated with composition and crystallinity estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The resulting structure property relationships define trends in processability, hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. Compared to 1, 3, and 4 poly[bis(para-fluorophenoxy)phosphazene] 2 is noteworthy by virtue of a high melting point (179 °C), high crystallinity (ΔHf, 30.2 J/g), and a moderate molecular weight. The remaining polyphosphazenes in this group have Tm 3 (17) >> 4 (4.0). High molecular weights for 3 and 4 (>103 kDa) would make melt processability problematic. Thus 1 or 2 has a favorable combination of properties, with 2 favored for many applications due to a higher Tm. In summary, for performance and processing, high Tm, and resistance to water and hydrocarbons poly[bis(para-fluorophenoxy)phosphazene], 2 is attractive. This finding suggests other para-substituted phenyl phosphazenes are worth further study.
Decreased Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Associated with HMGB1 and Increased Hyperactivity in Children with Autism.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), characterized by impaired social interactions and deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, are thought to affect 1 in 88 children in the United States. There is much support for the role of growth factors in the etiology of autism. Recent research has shown that epithelial growth factor (EGF) is decreased in young autistic children (2–4 years of age). This study was designed to determine plasma levels of EGF in an older group of autistic children (mean age 10.6 years) and to correlate these EGF levels with putative biomarkers HGF, uPA, uPAR, GAD2, MPO GABA, and HMGB1, as well as symptom severity of 19 different symptoms. Subjects and methods: Plasma from 38 autistic children, 11 children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) and 40 neurotypical, age and gender similar controls was assessed for EGF concentration using ELISAs. Severity of 19 symptoms (awareness, expressive language, receptive language, (conversational) pragmatic language, focus/attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, perseveration, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, hypotonia (low muscle tone), tiptoeing, rocking/pacing, stimming, obsessions/fixations, eye contact, sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, and tactile sensitivity) was assessed and then compared to EGF concentrations. Results: In this study, we found EGF levels in autistic children and those with PDD-NOS to be significantly lower when compared with neurotypical controls. EGF levels correlated with HMGB1 levels but not the other tested putative biomarkers, and EGF correlated negatively with hyperactivity, gross motor skills, and tiptoeing but not other symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest an association between decreased plasma EGF levels and selected symptom severity. We also found a strong correlation between plasma EGF and HMGB1, suggesting inflammation is associated with decreased EGF.
CP violation and mass relations in SO 10

Abstract We note that in SO10 a large complex Majorana mass for the right-handed neutrinos provides high temperature soft CP violation. We then present a natural three-family SO10 model which reproduces observed mass relations and mixing angles and lacks strong CP violation in lowest order. The CP violation of the K 0 - K 0 system is unrelated to the high temperature CP violation mentioned above.
Incorporation of fibrin molecules containing fibrinopeptide A alters clot ultrastructure and decreases permeability.

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that a heterozygous mutation in the ﬁbrinogenAa chain gene, which results in an Aa R16C substitution, causes ﬁbrinolyticresistance in the ﬁbrin clot. This mutation prevents thrombin cleavage ofﬁbrinopeptide A from mutant Aa R16C chains, but not from wild-type Aachains. However, the mechanism underlying the ﬁbrinolytic resistance isunclear. Therefore, this study investigated the biophysical properties of themutant ﬁbrin that contribute to ﬁbrinolytic resistance. Fibrin clots madefrom the mutant ﬁbrinogen incorporated molecules containingﬁbrinopeptide A into the polymerised clot, which resulted in a ‘spiky’ clotultrastructure with barbed ﬁbrin strands. The clots were less stiff than normalﬁbrin and were cross-linked slower by activated FXIII, but had an increasedaverage ﬁber diameter, were more dense, had smaller pores and were lesspermeable. Protein sequencing showed that unclottable ﬁbrinogen remainingin the supernatant consisted entirely of homodimeric Aa R16C ﬁbrinogen,whereas both cleaved wild-type achains and uncleaved A R16C chains werein the ﬁbrin clot. Therefore, ﬁbrinolytic resistance of the mutant clots isprobably a result of altered clot ultrastructure caused by the incorporation ofﬁbrin molecules containing ﬁbrinopeptide A, resulting in larger diameterﬁbers and decreased permeability to ﬁbrinolytic enzymes.Keywords: biochemistry, coagulation factors, ﬁbrinolysis, genetics of throm-bosis and haemostasis, thrombin.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Superoxometal Complexes

Dicationic metal superoxo complexes, L(H2O)MOO2+ (M = Rh, Cr; L = (NH3)4, (H2O)5, [14]aneN4) react with rhodium hydrides L‘(H2O)RhH2+ (L‘ = (NH3)4, [14]aneN4, and meso-Me6-[14]aneN4) to yield L(H2O)MOOH2+ and L‘(H2O)2Rh2+. The rhodium(II) product is rapidly converted to L‘(H2O)RhOO2+ in a reaction with molecular oxygen (k ∼ 108 M-1 s-1), or to a binuclear superoxo product in the absence of O2. When the central metal atom and nonparticipating ligands are identical in the two reactants (M = Rh, L = L‘), the O2 insertion into Rh−H bond becomes catalytic, L‘RhH2+ + O2 → L‘RhOOH2+ (L‘RhOO2+ = catalyst). The hydrogen transfer step exhibits a large kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 7.6 for the reaction of CraqOO2+ with ([14]aneN4)(H2O)RhH2+, ΔHH⧧ = 20.3 ± 1.8 kJ mol-1, ΔSH⧧ = −136 ± 6 J mol-1 K-1, and ΔHD⧧ = 24.7 ± 4.3 kJ mol-1, ΔSD⧧ = −138 ± 15 J mol-1 K-1), but the isotopic composition of the solvent has no effect on rates, kH2O/kD2O = 1. Steric effects play a major role in the kinetics. From the available therm...
Collaborative Social Work Practice with Chamorro Families of the Seriously Mentally Ill in Guam

There exists an emerging perspective in practice with families of persons with serious mental illnesses that emphasizes development of a collaborative working relationship between the mental health social worker and the family. This article addresses the impact of serious mental illness on the family and the significance of professional-family collaboration. A collaboration approach with families of the seriously mentally ill is presented employing a generalist social work perspective. Application of the collaboration approach with Chamorro families in Guam is illustrated.
Characterizations of the Beta Distribution

The beta distribution has a received considerable amount of attention in the statistical literature, mainly because of its applications in many fields. The purpose of this article is to review the characterizations of this distribution. The characterizations are based on the closure property under products, geometric and trigonometric relationships, failure rate function, mean residual life function, order statistics, records, and the relationship to the gamma distribution.
TREE CITY USA: VOLUNTEER URBAN FORESTRY

Summary As endorsed by 1,050 volunteer municipalities, the Tree City USA program owes its success to close cooperation and coordination between five major public organisations. At the national level, Tree City USA integrates the efforts and resources of the National League of Cities and the U.S. Conference of Mayors. Both the League and the Conference strive to upgrade the greenspace status of America's community and urban areas. Information exchange and coordinating expertise comes from the State and Private Forestry Division of the USDA Forest Service. The majority of the organising efforts and guidance of local, municipal tree boards comes from the National Association of State Foresters. And the National Arbor Day Foundation headquartered in Lincoln, Nebraska maintains national records as well as providing logistical support for the entire Tree City USA program.
Novel rhenium(III, IV, and V) tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base mononuclear and dinuclear complexes.

Reaction of (Bu4N)[ReOCl4] with the tetradentate Schiff base ligand α,α′-[(1,1-dimethylethylene)dinitrilo]di-o-cresol (sal2ibnH2) yields cis-[ReVOCl(sal2ibn)], which quickly forms trans-[μ-O(ReVO(sal2ibn))2] in solution. The dinuclear complex can also be isolated by the addition of base (Et3N) to the reaction mixture. Conversely, the mononuclear complex can be trapped as cis-[ReVO(NCS)(sal2ibn)] by addition of (Bu4N)SCN to the reaction mixture. Reduction of cis-[ReVO(NCS)sal2ibn] with triphenylphosphine gives the rare trans-[ReIII(NCS)(PPh3)(sal2ibn)] and unique μ-oxo Re(IV) dimer trans-[μ-O(ReIV(NCS)(sal2ibn))2]. All of the complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), cyclic voltammetry and single crystal X-ray diffraction.
S-nitrosylation of proteins with nitric oxide: synthesis and characterization of biologically active compounds

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) activity has been attributed to the highly labile nitric oxide radical (NO). In view of the fact that the plasma and cellular milieux contain reactive species that can rapidly inactivate NO, it has been postulated that NO is stabilized by a carrier molecule that preserves its biological activity. Reduced thiol species are candidates for this role, reacting readily in the presence of NO to yield biologically active S-nitrosothiols that are more stable than NO itself. Because sulfhydryl groups in proteins represent an abundant source of reduced thiol in biologic systems, we examined the reaction of several sulfhydryl-containing proteins of diverse nature and function upon exposure to authentic NO and EDRF. We demonstrate that S-nitroso proteins form readily under physiologic conditions and possess EDRF-like effects of vasodilation and platelet inhibition. These observations suggest that S-nitrosothiol groups in proteins may serve as intermediates in the cellular metabolism of NO and raise the possibility of an additional type of cellular regulatory mechanism.
Complexity metrics and growth curves for measuring grammatical development from five to ten

This project evaluated a set of metrics for assessing the complexity of language samples elicited from school-aged children. The metrics included: mean length of utterance in words (MLU) and in clauses (MCU), Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS), Developmental Level (DLevel), the Index of Productive Syntax, and propositional density. Each metric was applied to 24 narratives told by children 5-10 years of age collected by Sutton- Smith (1981) and to a second corpus of 38 narratives told by children 5-8 years of age collected by Hicks (1990). MLU, MCU, DSS and DLevel measures were modelled by logistic population growth curves. The growth curve analysis indicated that the MCU, DSS, and DLevel metrics are parametric variations of the same underlying function and revealed that syntactic development acclerated rapidly from the fourth to the sixth year of age, then gradually slowed to an asympotic level at approximately eight years of age.
On the importance of cross-sectional flexibility on gross response

Abstract Most nonlinear analyzers like ACTION and PLANS do not account for cross-sectional flexibility of thin-walled frame members. They do however, permit simulation of plastic hinges. Judging by the excellent correlation between theory and experiment, such analyzers appear quite adequate in predicting reasonably accurately gross response parameters of thin-walled frame structures even though they may undergo severe cross-sectional deformations.
Footing, Resistance and Control: Negotiating a Traffic Citation.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the micro-interactional processes by which powerful and powerless identities are locally reconstructed. The article specifically examines the interplay between consent and resistance to law-breaking identities. Data consist of transcripts of 45 incidents in which highway patrol officers issue traffic citations. These traffic stops are initiated by the officer's explanation of the citation. The second move, which is initiated by the driver, involves consent to the officer's authority but also forms of resistance to the law-breaking identity. In the third move, the officer reframes the conversation in terms of the officer's state authority and the laws of traffic. Civilians' accounts are analyzed in terms of footing shifts and Goffman's product format roles, offering a glimpse into the negotiation of power and agency between the participants.