cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin Exposure Is Associated With Functional and Cognitive Disability After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— Phenytoin (PHT) is routinely used for seizure prophylaxis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but may adversely affect neurologic and cognitive recovery. Methods— We studied 527 SAH patients and calculated a “PHT burden” for each by multiplying the average serum level of PHT by the time in days between the first and last measurements, up to a maximum of 14 days from ictus. Functional outcome at 14 days and 3 months was measured with the modified Rankin scale, with poor functional outcome defined as dependence or worse (modified Rankin Scale ≥4). We assessed cognitive outcomes at 14 days and 3 months with the telephone interview for cognitive status. Results— PHT burden was associated with poor functional outcome at 14 days (OR, 1.5 per quartile; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.8; P<0.001), although not at 3 months (P=0.09); the effect remained (OR, 1.6 per quartile; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1; P<0.001) after correction for admission Glasgow Coma Scale, fever, stroke, age, National Institutes of Health S...
Multi-domain Fourier-continuation/WENO hybrid solver for conservation laws

We introduce a multi-domain Fourier-continuation/WENO hybrid method (FC-WENO) that enables high-order and non-oscillatory solution of systems of nonlinear conservation laws, and which enjoys essentially dispersionless, spectral character away from discontinuities, as well as mild CFL constraints (comparable to those of finite difference methods). The hybrid scheme employs the expensive, shock-capturing WENO method in small regions containing discontinuities and the efficient FC method in the rest of the computational domain, yielding a highly effective overall scheme for applications with a mix of discontinuities and complex smooth structures. The smooth and discontinuous solution regions are distinguished using the multi-resolution procedure of Harten [J. Comput. Phys. 115 (1994) 319-338]. We consider WENO schemes of formal orders five and nine and a FC method of order five. The accuracy, stability and efficiency of the new hybrid method for conservation laws is investigated for problems with both smooth and non-smooth solutions. In the latter case, we solve the Euler equations for gas dynamics for the standard test case of a Mach three shock wave interacting with an entropy wave, as well as a shock wave (with Mach 1.25, three or six) interacting with a very small entropy wave and evaluate the efficiency of the hybrid FC-WENO method as compared to a purely WENO-based approach as well as alternative hybrid based techniques. We demonstrate considerable computational advantages of the new FC-based method, suggesting a potential of an order of magnitude acceleration over alternatives when extended to fully three-dimensional problems.
IAT Armature Development

This paper provides a brief overview of railgun armature development undertaken at the Institute for Advanced Technology (IAT) and elsewhere over the last decade. The fundamental physics issues that govern the armature requirements are described. These include the operating requirements, minimum parasitic mass, material action limits, contact interface pressures, electromagnetic skin effects and current nonuniformities, magnetic sawing, launch package interactions, material surface treatments, melt lubrication, gouging, and transition to arcing contact. Different bore geometries-square, rectangular, round, augmented, -turn-are also described and require matching armature and launch package designs. Novel designs are discussed, including forward tabs, magnetic obturators, splined armatures, fiber contacts, pseudoliquid armatures, plasma, and hybrid armatures.
Applying semantic web technologies for phenome-wide scan using an electronic health record linked Biobank

The ability to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has enabled new exploration of how genetic variations contribute to health and disease etiology. However, historically GWAS have been limited by inadequate sample size due to associated costs for genotyping and phenotyping of study subjects. This has prompted several academic medical centers to form “biobanks” where biospecimens linked to personal health information, typically in electronic health records (EHRs), are collected and stored on a large number of subjects. This provides tremendous opportunities to discover novel genotype-phenotype associations and foster hypotheses generation. In this work, we study how emerging Semantic Web technologies can be applied in conjunction with clinical and genotype data stored at the Mayo Clinic Biobank to mine the phenotype data for genetic associations. In particular, we demonstrate the role of using Resource Description Framework (RDF) for representing EHR diagnoses and procedure data, and enable federated querying via standardized Web protocols to identify subjects genotyped for Type 2 Diabetes and Hypothyroidism to discover gene-disease associations. Our study highlights the potential of Web-scale data federation techniques to execute complex queries. This study demonstrates how Semantic Web technologies can be applied in conjunction with clinical data stored in EHRs to accurately identify subjects with specific diseases and phenotypes, and identify genotype-phenotype associations.
A comparative examination of the efficiency of sequestering carbon in US agricultural soils

This paper demonstrates the need to integrate biophysical and economic data to assess the competitiveness of US agriculture to provide soil carbon (C) and participate in a market for C credits. The paper discusses alternative methods of calculating the costs of soil C sequestration and compares the cost of sequestering soil C in Iowa and Montana. Results indicate that the opportunity cost per Mg of sequestered C varies in response to regional resource endowments and net returns. Economic models show that Montana could sequester a relatively small amount of soil C annually at a lower opportunity cost per Mg than Iowa, but Iowa can sequester larger quantities more efficiently. These results are compared with estimates of the cost of C sequestration from other domestic and international studies, and suggest that US agriculture could be competitive in domestic or international markets for C reduction credits.
Increased Expression of Thrombospondin-1 in Vessel Wall of Diabetic Zucker Rat

Background—Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in the vascular wall has been related to the development of atherosclerotic lesions and restenosis. TSP-1 promotes the development of neointima and has recently been associated with atherogenesis at a genetic level. Because TSP-1 expression is responsive to glucose stimulation in mesangial cells, we hypothesized that glucose may stimulate its production by vascular cells. Thus, TSP-1 expression in the blood vessel wall may increase, providing a molecular link between diabetes and accelerated vascular lesion development. Methods and Results—To determine whether the expression level of TSP-1 in vessel wall is increased in diabetes, aorta and carotid arteries of Zucker rats were used for immunostaining, Western blotting, and in situ RNA hybridization. A significant increase in TSP-1 expression was found in the adventitia of blood vessels from diabetic rats. Consistent with the well-known antiangiogenic effect of TSP-1, the number of vasa vasorum was reduced in aortas from diabetic rats. In cultured endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, TSP-1 expression increased in response to glucose stimulation (30-fold). After balloon catheter injury to carotid arteries, expression of TSP-1 protein and mRNA was higher at all time points in the vessels of diabetic rats. Conclusions—Increased expression of TSP-1 in blood vessels in diabetes may represent a new link between diabetes, atherogenesis, and accelerated restenosis. This increase in TSP-1 production may be a direct response of vascular cells to glucose. (Circulation. 2003;107:3209-3215.)
Sloppy paired acts as the downstream target of Wingless in the Drosophila CNS and interaction between sloppy paired and gooseberry inhibits sloppy paired during neurogenesis

Wingless (Wg) and other Wnt proteins play a crucial role in a number of developmental decisions in a variety of organisms. In the ventral nerve cord of the Drosophila embryo, Wg is non-autonomously required for the formation and specification of a neuronal precursor cell, NB4-2. NB4-2 gives rise to a well-studied neuronal lineage, the RP2/sib lineage. While the various components of the Wg-signaling pathway are also required for generating NB4-2, the target gene(s) of this pathway in the signal-receiving cell is not known. In this paper, we show that sloppy paired 1 and sloppy paired 2 function as the downstream targets of the Wg signaling to generate the NB4-2 cell. Thus, while the loss-of-function mutations in wg and slp have the same NB4-2 formation and specification defects, these defects in wg mutants can be rescued by expressing slp genes from a heterologous promoter. That slp genes function downstream of the Wg signaling is also indicated by the result that expression of slp genes is lost from the neuroectoderm in wg mutants and that ectopic expression of wg induces ectopic expression of slp. Finally, previous results show that Gooseberry (Gsb) prevents Wg from specifying NB4-2 identity to the wg-expressing NB5-3. In this paper, we also show that gsb interacts with slp and prevents Slp from specifying NB4-2 identity. Overexpression of slp overcomes this antagonistic interaction and respecifies NB5-3 as NB4-2. This respecification, however, can be suppressed by a simultaneous overexpression of gsb at high levels. This mechanism appears to be responsible for specifying NB5-3 identity to a row 5 neuroblast and preventing Wg from specifying NB4-2 identity to that cell.
Proton displacement damage in light-emitting and laser diodes

The effects of proton displacement damage on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes are discussed, comparing the radiation sensitivity of current technology devices with older devices for which data exist in the literature. Injection-enhanced annealing is discussed, along with the issue of energy dependence of proton displacement damage. New characterization methods are proposed for light-emitting diodes that complement measurement of light output and provide a better indication of nonradiative recombination centers.
Windowed certificate revocation

The advent of electronic commerce and personal communications on the Internet has heightened concern over lack of privacy and security. Network services providing a wide range of security related guarantees are increasingly based on public key certificates. A fundamental problem inhibiting the wide acceptance of existing certificate distribution services is the lack of a scalable certificate revocation mechanism. We argue in this paper that the resource requirements of extant revocation mechanisms place a significant burden on certificate servers and network resources. We propose a novel mechanism called windowed revocation that satisfies the security policies and requirements of existing mechanisms and, at the same time, reduces the burden on certificate servers and network resources. We include a proof of correctness of windowed revocation and analyze worst case performance scenarios.
Hydrogen measurement in steel: a query

I found the recent article by Cho and Park (Analysis of hydrogen concentration in low-alloy steel, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 284 (2010), 533–537) most tantalizing. The authors do not give enough details for me to understand how they are able to accurately measure 0.1 lg of hydrogen (1 ppm in a 100 mg sample) in the presence of a 13 lg background, especially since the sample is ‘‘irradiated while attached to a paper filter.’’ They validated their measurements by comparison with ICP-AES, a claim that my colleagues in that field are unable to understand. Although hydrogen can be detected via the 656 nm line (Spectrochim. Acta 40B (1985), 177–194], since that method in general practice requires the sample to be in water solution, a detailed reference to their procedure is needed. I look forward to reading their future publications.
DBDOC: querying and browsing databases and interrelated documents

Large collections of documents are commonly created around a database, where a typical database schema may contain hundreds of tables and thousands of columns. We developed a system based on SQL code generation and User-Defined Functions that analyzes document-to-metadata links by extracting a basic set of relationships at different levels of granularities: coarse, medium and fine. Such relationships are then stored and queried in the DBMS, allowing the user to explore, query, and rank how columns and tables are related to users and applications. At the same time, our system provides typical information retrieval capabilities for querying medium-sized document collections of interrelated documents in the DBMS, with an acceptable performance.
Designing One-Shot Sessions Around Threshold Concepts

This article discusses an approach toward designing and delivering one-shot information literacy sessions around the acquisition of threshold concepts. By pairing the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education with the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction Model of Instructional Design, librarians at the University of Virginia have prioritized designing sessions around the acquisition of threshold concepts, providing students with a relevant, engaging classroom experience and a foundation for further learning.
Sentinel Species in Oceans and Human Health

A sentinel marine species is one which can provide early warning of existing or emerging health hazards from the ocean environment. Sentinel species are generally considered in two categories: (1) those which are sensitive indicators of a chemical contaminant, biological toxin, or pathogen due to their ability to concentrate or integrate exposures within a food web or ecosystem, and (2) marine organisms with physiology and/or diet similar enough to humans such that they may provide early indication of potential adverse health effects and provide insight into toxic mechanisms of a given hazardous agent.
The Law of Presidential Transitions

Presidential transition periods are times of uncertainty and contradiction. The outgoing president retains all the formal legal powers of the presidency, yet his last electoral success is four years removed and his political capital is at low ebb. Further complicating the matter is that the transition agendas of the two presidents are unlikely to be aligned. Even if both presidents are from the same political party, their goals in the transition period may be widely disparate. The outgoing president will be concerned with preserving his legacy. The incoming president, on the other hand, will be focused on beginning her own initiatives. When the incoming and outgoing presidents are from opposing political parties the conflicts during the transition period may be even more acute. The outgoing president will want to protect his policies or accomplishments from being reversed or undermined and may also want to create obstacles to prevent his successor from too quickly achieving political and policy success. The incoming president, in turn, may desire to expeditiously reverse the policies of the previous president and may choose to tarnish the record of her predecessor in order to weaken any remaining support for his programs. Not surprisingly, then, presidential transitions have historically followed no consistent pattern. This article investigates whether there are the legal principles that guide the conduct of the president during presidential transitions and, if so, how far those obligations extend. We introduce the issue by reviewing the procedures for selecting and inaugurating the president and by canvassing the historical record as to how transitions have previously been accomplished. We then discusses whether Constitutional provisions such as the Take Care Clause, the Oath Clause, and the Term Clauses and/or the president's implied foreign policy and national security powers confer legal duties on the president with respect to transition. We conclude that presidential transitions impose some constitutional obligations upon the president but that outside the area of foreign policy, the extent of those obligations are relatively limited. We suggest that the outgoing president must offer sufficient briefings and assistance to assure that the new president is able and prepared to execute her powers from the first day in office. We contend, however, that the outgoing president is under no obligation to implement the new president's political agenda or to end implementing his own even if the new president may be forced by the outgoing president's actions to expend her political capital to undo the previous administration's work. The Constitution does not demand that the outgoing president pave the political way for his successor.
Mathematical Theories of Topotaxis

The attraction of microorganisms by external stimuli has fascinated biologists and other natural scientists for many years. Classical papers on the behavior of plant sperm and bacteria moving in response to chemical gradients appeared almost 100 years ago (Pfeffer, 1884; Engelmann, 1881). Other stimuli which are known to affect locomotory behavior of unicellular organisms are light, heat, gravity, mechanical perturbation, and magnetic fields. However, in recent years movement of cells in chemical fields has been the most thoroughly studied. Coincidentally, most mathematical modelling of cell migration phenomena has concerned response to chemical signals.
CDX2: Linking Cell and Patient Fates in Colon Cancer

Administering adjuvant chemotherapy to stage II colon cancer patients is controversial due to limited benefit observed for this subpopulation. Recently, Dalerba et al. (2016) identified a subgroup of stage II patients that might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy based on lack of CDX2 expression in their cancer stem cells.
Near-tip dual-length scale mechanics of mode-I cracking in laminate brittle matrix composites

This paper presents the preliminary results of an on-going study of the near-tip mechanics of mode-I cracking in brittle matrix composite laminates. A finite element model is developed within the context of two competing characteristic lengths present in the composite: the microstructural length (the thickness of the layers) and a macro-length (crack-length, uncracked ligament size, etc.). For various values of the parameters which describe the ratio of these lengths and the constituent properties, the stresses ahead of a crack perpendicular to the laminates are compared with those predicted by assuming the composite is homogeneous orthotropic. The results can be used to determine the conditions for which homogenization can provide a sufficiently accurate description of the stresses in the vicinity of the crack-tip.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation and Double Directing Group Strategy for the Regioselective Synthesis of Naphthyridinones

A general Rh(III)-catalyzed synthesis of naphthyridinone derivatives is described. It relies on a double-activation and directing approach leveraging nicotinamide N-oxides as substrates. In general, high yields and selectivities can be achieved using low catalyst loadings and mild conditions (room temperature) in the couplings with alkynes, while alkenes require slightly more elevated temperatures.
Synthesis of π-conjugated molecules based on 3,4-dioxypyrroles via Pd-mediated decarboxylative cross-coupling.

A general scheme for the synthesis of π-conjugated molecules based on 3,4-dioxypyrroles is presented. The π-conjugated molecules were synthesized via Pd-mediated decarboxylative cross-coupling usin...
Solution-Processed Inorganic Transistors and Sub-Micron Non-Lithographic Patterning using Nanoparticle Inks

Pyridine solutions of CdSe nanocrystals were solution-deposited in the fabrication of thin film transistors (TFTs). A peak mobility of 1 cm2V−1s−1 and an ON/OFF ratio of 3×104 were observed for TFTs processed at 350 °C. The nanocrystals acted as a precursor to the bulk material, coalescing to form a semiconductor thin film when heated at plastic-compatible temperatures. Single crystalline regions several hundred times the size of the original semiconductor nanocrystals were observed for films processed at 350 °C. We also report a process for direct liquid phase deposition and patterning of nanoparticle inks at sub-micron resolutions by elastomeric embossing and AFM nanospotting. These results suggest that microelectronic devices produced from nanoparticle-based inks can enjoy the processing advantages usually associated with organic materials while retaining the performance advantages typically associated with inorganic materials.
Behavioral pediatrics: can it be taught? Can it be practiced?

Behavioral pediatrics has emerged in the past decade as an area of special pediatric interest. The reasons for its emergence are examined, the status of the field and of Behavioral Pediatrics programs in the pediatric curriculum are evaluated, and the efficacy and future of the practice are discussed.
Concurrent Stimulus and Defect Magnitude Optimization for Detection of Weakest Shorts and Opens in Analog Circuits

We present a methodology for algorithmic generation of test signals for thedetection and diagnosis of a variety of short and open-circuit defects in analogcircuits. Prior algorithms have focused on test generation for known short oropen defect values. This places the burden of failure coverage on accurateanalysis of observed defects in known failed parts at high cost. In this work, we optimize the test stimulus to detect the {\it weakest} shorts and opens inanalog circuits using a concurrent stimulus and defect value optimizationalgorithm. Since the defect value itself is an optimization parameter, the responses of nonlinear circuits corresponding to {\it multipledefect values} are considered as opposed to a {\it single} linearizedrepresentation corresponding to a fixed defect value as in the existing state ofthe art. The algorithm produces a test stimulus along with the values of theweakest shorts and opens that the stimulus can detect (the locations of thedefects are specified to the algorithm). These values are determined by thedesign of the analog circuit itself and therefore subsume all specifieddetectable defects for the circuits concerned. Experimental results show thefeasibility of the proposed approach on selected test cases and defect sets.
How the Tall Grandfathers Changed Their Clothes: Effects of Islam, Colonialism, and Globalization on the Ndakogboya Secret Societies of the Nupe, Ca. 1900 -- Present

Today, across Nigeria, the Ndako Gboya secret society is well known for their public acrobatic performances and their colorful textiles with which the Ndakogboya masquerades are adored. This has not always been the case. In fact, at the dawn of the twentieth century, the anthropologists Leo Frobenius and Siegfried Nadel, both documented the masquerades as being wrapped in burial shrouds and their functions linked to law enforcement and witch finding in the Nupe communities in central Nigeria. The masquerades and their associated secret societies were feared both among the local population and the British colonial administration. The latter eventually prohibited the Ndakogboya or Gunnu secret societies, which as a consequence went underground. Having undergone a transformation, they reappeared after independence in public performances stressing the entertainment aspect rather than the funeral practices, ancestral veneration, and policing functions with which they were once associated. This paper links the impact of Islam, colonialism, and globalization to the material culture of the Ndakogboya/Gunnu secret societies. Special attention be given to changes in the ritual dynamics and in the textiles associated with the Ndakogboya masquerades.
Efficient energy management for smart homes with grey wolf optimizer

In this paper, a new swarm intelligence based algorithm called Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), mimicking the social hierarchy and hunting behavior of grey wolves, is used to optimally schedule the operation of Energy Storage Unit (ESU) in smart homes. The aim is to reduce the cost of power consumption and balance the load on the power grid. This is achieved by drawing the power from the grid when the price is cheap and using the excess power to store is the battery (ESU) and drawing from the ESU when the price is expansive. The algorithm determines when the power should be drawn from the grid and when the power should be drawn from the stored unit for each hour of the day. The algorithm was tested on the data collected from the Chicago region by the department of energy, United States. The results were compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) on the same dataset. GWO provides up to 25.57% of cost saving compared to PSO. In addition, GWO does not impose any restrictions on the consumer to use appliance at any time providing total freedom and still saving money.
Stream-Mode FPGA Acceleration of Complex Pattern Trajectory Querying

The wide and increasing availability of collected data in the form of trajectory has lead to research advances in behavioral aspects of the monitored subjects (e.g., wild animals, people, vehicles). Using trajectory data harvested by devices, such as GPS, RFID and mobile devices, complex pattern queries can be posed to select trajectories based on specific events of interest. In this paper, we present a study on FPGA-based architectures processing complex patterns on streams of spatio-temporal data. Complex patterns are described as regular expressions over a spatial alphabet that can be implicitly or explicitly anchored to the time domain. More importantly, variables can be used to substantially enhance the flexibility and expressive power of pattern queries. Here we explore the challenges in handling several constructs of the assumed pattern query language, with a study on the trade-offs between expressiveness, scalability and matching accuracy. We show an extensive performance evaluation where FPGA setups outperform the current state-of-the-art CPU-based approaches by over three orders of magnitude. Unlike software-based approaches, the performance of the proposed FPGA solution is only minimally affected by the increased pattern complexity.
Application of In Vivo EPR for Tissue pO2 and Redox Measurements

The technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is more than 50 years old, but only recently it has been used for in vivo studies. Its limited application in the past was due to the problem of high nonresonant dielectric loss of the exciting frequency because of high water content in biological samples. However, with the development of spectrometers working at lower frequencies (1,200 MHz and below) during the last 15 years, it is now possible to conduct in vivo measurements on a variety of animals and isolated organs. This is further facilitated by the development of new resonators with high sensitivity and appropriate stability for in vivo applications. It now has become feasible to obtain new insights into the complex aspects of physiology and pathophysiology using in vivo EPR. Among several important applications of this technique, the in vivo tissue pO(2) (partial pressure of oxygen) and redox measurements seem to be the most extensive use of this technique. In this chapter, we describe the procedure for in vivo pO(2) and redox measurements in animal models.
The Thermodynamics Research Center Databases on Original Measurements and Evaluated Data

The Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) maintains several large collections of thermodynamic and physical property data on organic compounds. This data is being transferred to computer accessible databases. The TRC Source File contains measured data from the scientific literature including citations to sources of data, compounds names, CA registry numbers, sample descriptions, numerical data, uncertainty estimates and quality codes for most thermophysical properties. The TRC Selected Data File contains values of selected properties (either evaluated or estimated) published in the TRC Thermodynamic Tables. This database will be used for the automatic generation of camera-ready hard copies. Both of these databases will be described.
EFFECT OF WEAR ON PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY

Many systems consisting of an assembly of mechanical parts in relative motion fail due to the damage done to the sliding and rolling surfaces by wear. Failure of a system may be precipitated by just the dimensional loss caused by wear, or wear-induced fatigue and fracture of such machine elements as bearings, gears, and splines. The wear rate of mechanical systems rapidly increases as the wear debris accumulates, and as the lubricant breaks down due to both the increase in surface traction and the activation of new wear mechanisms. The sudden failure of machines may be prevented through on-line monitoring of the wear process, which may be accomplished by checking the density and the nature of the wear particles and the deterioration of the lubricant. To determine the cause of failure, the worn surface and the subsurface should be analyzed for damages. Reliability of machines can be increased by proper design of sliding surfaces (geometry and topography), proper selection and quality control of wear resistant materials, adequate provision for lubrication, proper sealing of the sliding components from the environment, and the filtration of wear debris.
Endangered Freshwater Invertebrates

Perhaps 10,000–20,000 species of freshwater invertebrates are extinct or endangered as a result of human impacts such as damming and other habitat destruction, pollution, overharvest, introductions of nonnative species, and climate change. Endangered invertebrates are not spread evenly across the Earth, but are concentrated in “hot spots” such as ancient rivers, lakes, and aquifers. Species with small ranges and poor powers of dispersal that live in heavily developed areas or semiarid regions are especially at risk. Existing legal protections for freshwater invertebrates often are inadequate, and will need to be substantially improved if widespread extinctions are to be avoided.
MECHANISM OF ALLOTYPE SUPPRESSION IN MICE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the study to illustrate the mechanism of allotype suppression in mice. The mechanism for partial suppression has not been studied directly as yet, although it may represent a good vehicle for determining whether the allotype suppressor T cell functions as a regulator of immunoglobulin synthesis. The data of the titration studies discussed in the chapter show that the intensity of suppression is correlated with the dose of suppressor lymphoid tissue. Moreover, indications that cooperating T cells also play a role in determining the intensity of suppression come from the studies with suppression of production of antibody marked with Ig-lb allotype in a hapten-carrier system. These show that there is a marked antagonism between suppressors and cooperators such that either increasing the number of cooperators or decreasing the number of suppressors will result in a greater Ig-lb anti-DNP-PFC response.
CHAPTER 6 – Insecticides and Their Use in Urban Structural Pest Control

This chapter summarizes the various use patterns of insecticides used in and around structures to control the major urban arthropods and insects. The widespread use and need for pest management in and around structures can be directly attributed to the dislike of insects and arthropods by urban residents. Some insects such as termites and wood-destroying beetles pose a serious economic threat to structures and a few, such as cockroaches, fleas, mosquitoes, and ticks, may present a real medical or veterinary problem. However, many urban insects may be classified as occasional intruders and nuisance pests. Pyrethroid insecticides will continue to be used, but their effectiveness against German cockroaches will continue to decline because of insecticide resistance. In addition, the list of available fumigants will also decrease in the future. The popularity of baits will continue, stimulating new avenues of research dealing with the behavior and ecology of structural insect pests.
Abstract 711: Gut Bacteria Influences the Growth of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine if highly collagenolytic bacteria introduced to the gut microbiome induces abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice received a pr...
Phenotypic Screening of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Cardiotoxicity Testing and Therapeutic Target Discovery

The remarkable ability to generate unlimited numbers of cardiomyocytes and other differentiated cell types, from any person, and to edit the genome to introduce or correct disease-causing mutations, creates unprecedented opportunities for drug discovery. The new technologies have the potential to revolutionize the drug development pipeline, from delineating disease mechanisms and discovery of therapeutic targets to library screening and validation of therapeutic strategies. Moreover, since in vitro phenotypes reflect patient genetics and might predict outcomes, patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) might eventually contribute to patient selection for clinical trials and inform individual patient treatment. This chapter focuses on the application of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in large-scale applications relevant to discovery of disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets for heart disease and for assessing the cardiomyopathic and proarrhythmic risk of drugs. We review the current status of large-scale screening of iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte disease models and explore new advances in cell culture, three-dimensional engineered tissues, and instrumentation that might address current weaknesses in the iPSC-cardiomyocyte technology. Our philosophy is that advancing iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte models that faithfully recapitulate disease and enable large-scale chemical or functional genomics screening could shift the paradigm of drug discovery by introducing human disease phenotype into the early stages of the development process, with the potential for increasing the safety and efficacy of new medicines.
Ultra-efficient frequency conversion in quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate microrings

We demonstrate quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion in a chip-integrated lithium niobate microring resonator, whose normalized efficiency reaches 230,000%/W or 10−6 per single photon.
Complexation of the nickel and cobalt transcriptional regulator RcnR with DNA.

RcnR is a transcription factor that regulates the homeostasis of cobalt and nickel in bacterial cells. Escherichia coli RcnR was crystallized with DNA that encompasses the DNA-binding site. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.9 A resolution. The crystal belonged to space group P6122 or P6522, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 73.59, c = 157.66 A, α = β = 90, γ = 120°.
Chapter 10 – Commercialization of Nanotechnologies: Technology Transfer from University Research Laboratories

The commercialization of nanotechnology from university spin-out companies is viewed as critical for the sustainable development of tertiary-level technologies. This chapter outlines the roles of venture capitalists, Government, academic institutions, and entrepreneurs in providing society with nanotechnology companies that turn science into money. The chapter also explains how the technology is transferred in the marketplace through patents, trade secrets, and copyrights, and allows the academic entrepreneur to understand the role of consumers and markets.
Begin with the End in Mind: Designing and Implementing an Effective System for Evaluation and Feedback of Learners in Regional Medical Campus Residency Settings : Begin With the End in Mind

Developing an evaluation system within a medical education program can be daunting and confusing. The authors present a step by step approach, incorporating education theory, recent trends, and the many facets required by accreditation organizations.
Vitamin D in human health

Abstract Vitamin D differs from other vitamins in that it is not a true vitamin but a prohormone obtained by endogenous synthesis from sun exposure on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin and from certain foods and dietary supplements. Its beneficial effects and physiological functions on musculoskeletal health are well understood. Mounting reports have recognized an association of vitamin D deficiency with a myriad of acute and chronic illnesses including autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, common cancers, and neurological disorders, suggesting an important role of vitamin D in nonmusculoskeletal functions. Here, the role of vitamin D in skeletal health and present data on vitamin D in other nonmusculoskeletal diseases are reviewed.
Acute myocardial infarction secondary to COVID-19 infection: A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Background Thrombotic complications of COVID-19 infection have become increasingly apparent as the disease has infected a growing number of individuals. Although less common than upper respiratory symptoms, thrombotic complications are not infrequent and may result in severe and long-term sequelae. Common thrombotic complications include pulmonary embolism, cerebral infarction, or venous thromboembolism; less commonly seen are acute myocardial injury, renal artery thrombosis, and mesenteric ischemia. Several case reports and case series have described acute myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 characterized by elevations in serum biomarkers. Case report Here, we report the first case to our knowledge of a patient with acute coronary syndrome confirmed on catheter angiography and cardiac MRI. This patient was found to additionally have a left ventricular thrombus and ultimately suffered an acute cerebral infarction. Recognition of thrombotic complications in the setting of COVID-19 infection is essential for initiating appropriate therapy. Conclusions In acute myocardial injury, given the different treatment strategies for myocarditis versus acute myocardial infarction secondary to coronary artery thrombus, imaging can play a key role in clinical decision making for patients.
Similarities in alcohol and opioid withdrawal syndromes suggest common negative reinforcement mechanisms involving the interoceptive antireward pathway

Alcohol and opioids are two major contributors to so-called deaths of despair. Though the effects of these substances on mammalian systems are distinct, commonalities in their withdrawal syndromes suggest a shared pathophysiology. For example, both are characterized by marked autonomic dysregulation and are treated with alpha-2 agonists. Moreover, alcohol and opioids rapidly induce dependence motivated by withdrawal avoidance. Resemblances observed in withdrawal syndromes and abuse behavior may indicate common addiction mechanisms. We argue that neurovisceral feedback influences autonomic and emotional circuits generating antireward similarly for both substances. Amygdala is central to this hypothesis as it is principally responsible for negative emotion, prominent in addiction and motivated behavior, and processes autonomic inputs while generating autonomic outputs. The solitary nucleus (NTS) has strong bidirectional connections to the amygdala and receives interoceptive inputs communicating visceral states via vagal afferents. These visceral-emotional hubs are strongly influenced by the periphery including gut microbiota. We propose that gut dysbiosis contributes to alcohol and opioid withdrawal syndromes by contributing to peripheral and neuroinflammation that stimulates these antireward pathways and motivates substance dependence.
On the Viability of Video Imaging in Leak Rate Quantification: A Theoretical Error Analysis

Optical gas imaging through multispectral cameras is a promising technique for mitigation of methane emissions through localization and quantification of emissions sources. While more advanced cameras developed in recent years have led to lower uncertainties in measuring gas concentrations, a systematic analysis of the uncertainties associated with leak rate estimation have been overlooked. We present a systematic categorization of the involved uncertainties with a focus on a theoretical analysis of projection uncertainties that are inherent to this technique. The projection uncertainties are then quantified using Large Eddy Simulation experiments of a point source release into the atmosphere. Our results show that while projection uncertainties are typically about 5% of the emission rate, low acquisition times and observation of the gas plume at small distances from the emission source ( 50%) the projection uncertainties. These findings suggest robust procedures on how to reduce projection uncertainties, however, a balance between other sources of uncertainty due to operational conditions and the employed instrumentation are required to outline more practical guidelines.
Preliminary Measures of Obesity and Anorexia: Temperament Correlates

The present study was designed to develop measures of psychologic predisposition to obesity and, separately, to anorexia, and to investigate the personality correlates of these measures. It was formulated so as to circumvent the confounding effects of self-selection factors in clinical samples and random error due to weight fluctuations noted in the introduction to this volume. First, self-selection factors were eliminated by randomly sampling from a large group of university students without consideration of weight characteristics-the assumption being that the sample would provide the expected distribution of normal, overweight, and underweight persons.
Air Pollution Effects on Stress Induced Intergranular Corrosion of 7005-T53 Aluminum Alloy

Through a statistically designed, controlled environment experiment, it was found that atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide induce a type of stress-accelerated intergranular corrosion in 7005-T53 aluminum alloy extruded tube material. Varying levels of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, relative humidity, and their interactions (including those with sulfur dioxide) did not cause statistically significant damage in this particular experiment. Some level of stress was necessary to cause this type of attack.
Moral Evaluations of Organ Transplantation Influence Judgments of Death and Causation.

Two experiments investigated whether moral evaluations of organ transplantation influence judgments of death and causation. Participants’ beliefs about whether an unconscious organ donor was dead and whether organ removal caused death in a hypothetical vignette varied depending on the moral valence of the vignette. Those who were randomly assigned to the good condition (vs. bad) were more likely to believe that the donor was dead prior to organ removal and that organ removal did not cause death. Furthermore, attitudes toward euthanasia and organ donation independently predicted judgments of death and causation, regardless of experimental condition. The results are discussed in light of the framework of motivated reasoning, in which motivation influences the selection of cognitive processes and representations applied to a given domain, as well as Knobe’s person-as-moralist model, in which many basic concepts are appropriately imbued with moral features. On either explanatory framework, these data cast doubt on the psychological legitimacy of the mainstream justification for vital organ procurement from heart-beating donors, which holds that neurological criteria for death are scientifically justified, independently of concerns about organ transplantation. These data suggest that, rather than concluding that organ removal is permissible because the donor is dead, people may believe that the donor is dead because they believe organ removal to be permissible.
Isolation, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA encoding rat heme oxygenase-2.

In a recent study (Cruse, I., and Maines, M.D. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 3348-3353), we reported the isolation of a small cDNA fragment encoding a portion of heme oxygenase-2 through immunological screening of a rat testis cDNA library in lambda gt11. We have now used this 274-base pair (bp) cDNA fragment as a hybridization probe for rescreening of the same library, and have thereby recovered a number of additional positive isolates. Of these, three candidates of approximately 900, 1100, and 1300 bp, respectively, were subsequently subcloned and sequenced. Although differing in length, the sequences of these clones were found to be otherwise identical. Moreover, the length of isolate 18B, 1284 bp, corresponded well with that of the single mRNA species (approximately 1300-1350 nucleotides) detected through Northern blot hybridization analysis of rat testis total and poly(A)+RNA. This full- or near full-length cDNA encodes a 315-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 35,757, in good agreement with the 36,000 estimated molecular weight of heme oxygenase-2. When expressed in Escherichia coli, cDNA encodes a protein that cross-reacts with heme oxygenase-2 antiserum (as assayed by Western immunoblotting) and yields high levels of heme oxygenase activity in bacterial soluble cell extracts. Finally, computer analysis of the heme oxygenase-2 cDNA sequence indicates that the predicted amino acid sequence and hydropathy profile of the heme oxygenase-2 protein exhibit similarity with heme oxygenase-1.
Testing by Computer: Findings in Six Years of Use 1982-1988

AbstractThe computer has become a major technology in testing. A great deal of research is being done on the computer and testing. Ironically, although most testing presently uses computers to administer classical tests, the vast majority of the research is on Item Response Theory and Computers and/or computer adaptive testing. This report discusses findings from 6 years of use of computer administered testing by The American College. In general, student performance on computer administered exams is as good as, if not better than, that on paper-and-pencil exams. Furthermore, students prefer computerized exams because (a) they may take the exam when they believe they are ready for it and (b) they receive their grade (pass or fail) immediately upon completion of the test. General considerations for the use of computers to administer tests and specific considerations and concerns for large-scale computer administered testing are noted. In general, the availability of computer hardware and software for testin...