cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some studies on blood of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris

Abstract 1. 1. Hematological data on the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris have been collected. 2. 2. The red blood cells (129.5μ3) of the manatee are larger than those of the dolphin or man and contain 6.84 and 0.27μmoles/cm3 of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid and adenosine triphosphate, respectively. 3. 3. Serum electrolytes, blood chemistries and serum enzyme activities are very similar to those of man except for unusually low levels of glutathione reductase activity (15 μmoles/min per 100cm3 RBC). 4. 4. The whole blood P50 values for the manatee and baby manatee are 16.5 and 20.6mm Hg, respectively. 5. 5. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 48.
High dynamic range temporal contrast measurement and characterization of oscillators for seeding high energy petawatt laser systems

We have measured the temporal contrast and performance of oscillators to determine their feasibility for future ultra-high-contrast experiments on the Advanced Radiographic Capability at the National Ignition Facility.
Cytologic manifestations of cystitis follicularis in urine specimens

Four cases of cystitis follicularis diagnosed by urine cytology are presented, and are the first reported in the cytologic literature. Cystitis follicularis (follicular cystitis) is characterized by formation of lymphoid follicles in the lamina propria of the trigonal region of the bladder, and is considered to be the result of repeated bouts of urinary tract infection, usually bacterial, with other pathologic processes contributing to the development and prolongation of the infection. Cytologically it differs from chronic cystitis with prominent lymphocytosis by the presence of cellular elements from the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles, reminiscent of the cytologic findings in follicular cervicitis, with possible additional epithelial cytologic atypias from the overlying urothelium, which frequently undergoes reactive changes (hyperplastic, metaplastic, and ulcerative). The practical aspect of recognition of this entity in cytologic specimens is avoiding diagnostic errors of possible malignancy (lymphoid or other), and also of other forms of inflammatory disease, such as granulomatous type, with a different clinical significance.
SU-FF-T-297: Total Electron Therapy Calibration with TG-51

Purpose: To determine if slight modifications and assumptions can be made to allow for a TG‐51 based absolute dose calibration for a Total Skin Electron (TSE) Therapy program. We show the results of a TG‐51 based absolute dose calibration for TSE Therapy which are compared against three other dose calculation methods. Method and Materials: A TG‐51 calibrated Markus parallel‐plate chamber was used for our absolute dose calculation. This chamber was also used to determine the best gantry angles to produce dose uniformity and to determine the percent depth dose for the six dual field electron beams. Full rotation uniformity was analyzed with thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs') and clinical rotation of an anthropomorphic phantom to six different positions (Stanford technique.) Results: The absolute dose calibration of this TSE program was completed with slight modifications of a standard TG‐51 calculation which included extrapolation of the K′R50 value to 1.05 +/− 0.01 and extended target to skin distance (TSD) of 361cm. Verification measurements were done with TLDs, One‐Dose dosimeters, and a TG‐21 calibrated parallel‐plate. All four systems showed agreement within a maximum difference of 3.5%. The agreement between the TG‐21 method and the TG‐51 method was 2.3 %. Conclusion: We do not claim that our TSE absolute calibration is as accurate as a conventional 100 TSD therapy electron beamcalibration done with all TG‐51 recommended parameters satisfied. We estimate an additional 2% error on the potential absolute dose calculation accuracy of a TG‐51 measurement. However, with the high degree of uncertainties involved in TSE therapy, our TSEcalibration method offers a reasonably accurate absolute dose calibration involving only a few modifications and estimates and allows for the use of commonly used TG‐51 calibrated chambers.
Fluoride distribution in rats during and after continuous infusion of Na18F

Abstract Rats were given Na18F as a radiotracer for fluoride ion at varying chemical dose rates by continuous iv infusion for 3 hr. Blood fluoride was assessed six to seven times over the infusion period, at the end of which the animals were sacrificed for determination of tissue fluoride distribution. Data indicate that at sublethal dose rates blood fluoride concentration approaches a steady state proportional to the rate of fluoride infusion. Blood, kidney, and lung contained the highest fluoride concentration at doses up to 3.6 mg of F/kg/hr, but at 6 mg/kg/hr the fluoride of liver, spleen, and hollow organs increased sharply indicating this dose exceeded the amount readily processed by the fluoride excretory mechanisms of the body. Another group of animals was infused for 3 hr with 6 mg of F/kg/hr, a dose which approaches the acute LD50. Tissue fluoride distribution was determined at various intervals during both fluoride accumulation and depletion phases. During infusion the fluoride concentration of blood and other tissues was high, with highest accumulation in bone. Of soft tissues, lung contained the greatest amount of fluoride, and brain, testes, and fat pads the least. During the depletion phase, tissue fluoride concentrations decreased sharply, while bone fluoride remained constant and substantial amounts remained in lung.
Synaptosomal and Brain Mitochondrial Lipids in Hibernating and Cold-Acclimated Golden Hamsters

Synaptosomes and mitochondria were isolated from the brains of warm-adapted, hibernating, and cold-acclimated golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Lipid extracts of these subcellular fractions were prepared and assayed for plasmenylethanolamine (ethanolamine plasmalogen) and cholesterol levels. The ganglioside composition of synaptosomes was also determined. Samples from the hibernating animals showed characteristic changes in lipid composition. These changes include decreases in plasmenylethanolamine levels and a shift in the ganglioside composition toward a higher percentage of the more polar gangliosides. Those animals which were exposed to cold and did not hibernate (cold-acclimated) showed no such changes. Fatty acid analyses of synaptosomal and mitochondrial ethanolamine glycerophospholipids demonstrated a similar trend. Samples from hibernators showed decreases in 16:0, 18:0, and 22:6 (n-3), and increases in 16:1, 18:1, and 20:4 (n-6) fatty acids. No changes were detectable in samples from cold-acclimated animals, indicating that hibernating and cold-acclimated hamsters represent chemically distinct populations.
Threshold between mechanical and thermal breakup of river ice cover

Abstract Extreme ice-jam flood events in rivers occur during a type of breakup that is partly governed by the mechanical properties of the ice cover, and known as “mechanical”. By contrast, thermal breakups are preceded by advanced thermal decay of the ice and can only produce insignificant, if any, jamming. Identification and quantification of threshold conditions that demarcate the two types of breakup events will improve current capabilities in a variety of issues, including river ice–aquatic ecosystem interactions, socioeconomic impacts of river ice, and climate-change impacts via modified river ice regimes. Extending recent advances in the prediction of the onset of mechanical breakups, a simple threshold criterion is postulated and its quantitative consequences are worked out. It is shown that there is a site-specific rise in water level above the freeze-up elevation, which delineates mechanical from thermal events. The threshold value is approximately proportional to the thickness of the ice cover, and also depends on local river morphology and hydraulics. These predictions are tested against three extensive case studies and found to perform satisfactorily. Environmental implications of the present results are discussed.
Prediction of organic chemical fates in biological treatment systems

Attention is presently being focused on the fates of organic chemicals in biological treatment systems. Most systems have been designed and operated to remove organic compounds from the aqueous waste stream and performance has been defined in terms of removal of a non-specific parameter from the wastewater. Parameters like total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand have historically been used in treatability studies, in system design, and in determining system performance. Performance data using these approaches are inadequate for determination of the removal of specific compounds unless (fortuitously) the specific compound's biological activity is approximated by the generalized activity of the non-specific parameter. The resulting assumption that the biokinetics, and therefore the fate of organic compounds, are similar and well-described by the biokinetics of the non-specific parameter does not hold for specific chemicals that possess strong stripping/volatilization and/or biomass sorption tendencies or for compounds that have biotransformation kinetics that differ from the idealized “BOD-like” compound. Some compounds are likely to preferentially strip/volatilize or sorb onto biomass either if generally recalcitrant to biotransformation, or if the biotransformation process is variable and the rates of the competitive fate mechanisms are large relative to the low transient biotransformation rate. All of the above cases have been experimentally documented and will be discussed. The biotransformation rates have the greatest magnitude of variation of any fate-related parameter and therefore have a major influence on the compound fate. An equation coupling the competitive fates of organic chemicals in completely-mixed and steady-state biological treatment systems has been developed and is presented. This equation can be arranged to allow calculation of the fraction or percentage of an organic compound fed to a system that strips, sorbs onto biomass, biotransforms, or remains in the effluent if the stripping, sorption, and biotransformation rates are known. It can be used to correct experimental data to account for the competitive mechanisms and generate more reliable biotransformation data. Finally, it also serves as a unifying approach against which the specific fate performance of a given system may be compared. Therefore it may be used to estimate potential organic air emissions and the potential of toxic organics in sludge generated from the biological waste treatment process.
Procedural Results and Late Clinical Outcomes After Placement of Three or More Stents in Single Coronary Lesions

Background—Previous reports have suggested higher procedural and long-term complications among patients treated with multiple stents for diffuse lesions and/or long dissections. Methods and Results—To evaluate procedural success, major complications, and clinical outcomes (≥1 year) in a consecutive series of patients treated with multiple (≥3) contiguous stents in single lesions, we evaluated in-hospital and long-term (1-year) clinical outcomes in 117 consecutive patients treated with ≥3 coronary stents compared with a concurrent series of patients treated with 1 or 2 stents (n=1673) between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1995. Multiple stents were implanted more often in larger vessels, in the right coronary artery or saphenous vein grafts, and for unfavorable lesion characteristics, including long (>20 mm), calcified, ulcerated, thrombotic, and/or flow-obstructing lesions. Overall procedural success was obtained in 97.4% of patients and was similar whether 1 or 2 versus ≥3 stents were used. Non–Q-wav...
A Further Report on the Cancer Family of Warthin

The family with numerous deaths from cancer, which was reported by Dr. A. S. Warthin in 1913 (1) and again in 1925 (2), has been referred to wherever the intrinsic factor in the etiology of malignancy has been discussed. Now that twenty-three years have passed since the first study of this family, it is appropriate again to bring its history up to date. Just as Warthin9s second report was more complete and more accurate than the first, so it has been possible, by a personal investigation of each branch of this family, to present a more detailed and in a few respects a more exact chart of this large group which in six generations now totals 305 individuals. Although it is convenient to continue to refer to this family as Family G, the present study confirms the fact that the tendency to the development of cancer was present in the family line before the surname of which G is the initial was introduced by marriage. At the time of the first report, in 1913, of the 48 traced descendants of a cancerous grandfather 15 had developed cancer and in 2 others neoplasms had appeared which had not been proved to be malignant. The more complete report of 1925 showed an incidence of 28 neoplasms in a total of 146 individuals comprising the family, but of these only 88 had reached adult life. As now reported (Fig. 1), Family G includes 305 individuals. Since carcinoma has occurred in this family in individuals as young as twenty-five years, that period has been arbitrarily selected as the beginning of the “cancer age” for the family. An age of twenty-five years has been attained by 174 members of this family, of whom 41 have developed malignant neoplasms, an incidence of 23.6 per cent. As will appear later, there are two branches of the family in which malignant disease has never appeared. If the 25 in these two lines, who attained the “cancer age,” are excluded from the total of 174, the incidence of malignant disease in the other eight lines of the family becomes 27.5 per cent. These values for cancer incidence become all the more significant when it is borne in mind that, while it has been necessary to assume a low limit of twenty-five years for the “cancer age,” the average age at which cancer has been diagnosed in this family, or at which death from cancer has occurred, as the case may be, is 48.3 years.
Family planning availability and contraceptive use in rural Bangladesh: An examination of the distance decay effect

Abstract Using empirical data collected from a rural area of Bangladesh, this paper examines the effect of family planning availability on contraceptive use. The hypothesis is that the likelihood of contraceptive adoption is a function of accessibility to two different types of family planning service outlets (i.e. distance from these outlets has an impact on the use of contraception by married women of reproductive age, 15–49 yr). But the field data do not show a distance decay effect between availability and use of both clinical and non-clinical contraceptive methods. The observed effect is explained in terms of the presence of paved roads in the study area. The policy implications of this finding are discussed.
Relative efficiency of ratio estimates of animal disease prevalence

Abstract An evaluation was made of the efficiency of the ratio estimator of the prevalence of animal disease relative to the unbiased estimator to determine when ratio estimation could be expected to offer an advantage. Actual data from a mastitis survey, in which all cows-in-milk in randomly selected herds were tested for the presence of various pathogens, were used to make the evaluation. Correlations of the numerator and denominator variables of the ratio estimate were found to be consistently too low to expect these estimates to be competitive with the unbiased estimates. Yet, the ratio estimates were found to be as efficient as those of the unbiased estimates because the coefficients of variation of the numerator and denominator variables differed sufficiently. The conditions under which ratio estimation will perform well are specified.
Choline chloride in animal models of tardive dyskinesia

Abstract Rats treated chronically with haloperidol show evidence of supersensitive dopamine receptors by increased stereotypy when challenged with apomorphine. When such animals are treated acutely with choline chloride at the time of challenge, no changes in stereotypy were observed. Chronic treatment, either during or after induction of supersensitivity, mitigated stereotypy after challenge. This model of dopaminergic supersensitivity is pertinent to the development of tardive dyskinesia in man after treatment with neuroleptic drugs. Our results with choline chloride in the animal model are consistent with their therapeutic action in tardive dyskinesia.
Carbon−Oxygen Bond Cleavage Promoted by a Scandium Borohydride Complex

Treatment of (Nacnac)ScCl2(THF) (Nacnac- = ArNC(CH3)CHC(CH3)NAr, Ar = 2,6-(CH(CH3)2)2C6H3) with KNHAr in THF affords in 83% yield the chloro−anilide complex (Nacnac)ScCl(NHAr)(THF) (1-Cl(THF)). 1-C...
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Purshia: inoculation responses and species comparisons

Nitrogen fixing trees and shrubs may be useful in revegetation efforts. Speculation that insufficient endophyte populations in surface soils may limit non-leguminous symbiotic nitrogen fixation in marginal land was explored.Purshia tridentata andP. glandulosa seedlings were grown in greenhouse trials using ten soils from nativePurshia sites. Treatments include a control, an inoculated treatment, and six mmole nitrogen amendment. When inoculated with aP.tridentata crushed nodule inoculum, two of five non-nodulating soils and three sparsely nodulating soils produced well nodulated plants. Inoculation also increased nodule mass, total nitrogen, nitrogen content and shoot dry mass in plants from some of the soils. Of the three soils failing to produce nodulated plants when inoculated, one produced plants that responded well to nitrogen additions but failed to nodulate under low nitrogen conditions; another produced severely stunted plants indicating nutritional limitations on the host; and the third produced plants that were not nitrogen deficient. An application of nitrogen completely suppressed nodulation in all but one soil. The twoPurshia species were similar in nodulation, nitrogen fixation and growth, although important exceptions exist that indicate species may differ in adaptability to certain soil conditions.
P26.05: Prenatal diagnosis of fetus in fetu

fetus was followed with successive ultrasounds and at its 31 week scan was noted to have superficial membranous formation on the back of its neck and throughout the amniotic cavity. The differential for this finding included fibrinous band formation from the anterior abdominal wall defect or possible amniotic bands. The infant was delivered at 35 weeks secondary to non-reasurring fetal well being. At delivery the fetus was noted to have strands of yellow fibrinous material on the intestinal wall as well as on the neonate’s back and arms. This was thought to be the fibrinous inflammatory peel found on the extracorporeal intestine associated with gastroschisis. Pathological diagnosis confirmed this finding. The neonate subsequently died on that night. This case illustrates the temporal evolution of the peel formation and detection by ultrasound. There is suggestion that this inflammatory peel formation is associated with meconium staining, premature delivery, and poorer outcome. In animal data the peel is associated with cytoskeletal changes which decrease intestinal mobility. More data with careful ultrasound documentation of this finding in cases of gastroschisis may help predict prognosis of these infants and help in understanding the intestinal pathophysiology that results.
Evaluating the historical treatment of female psychologists of distinction using citation analysis and textbook coverage

Five women and five men who were eminent in psychology half a century ago were compared for their treatment by historians, as well as the practical attention given their work, as evidenced by entries in Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index. The citation count seemed to give the fairest representation of relative attainments, and while no overt sexual discrimination was found in the history books, there was ample ground for complaint regarding the scholarship of persons (including females) writing these histories of psychology.
The original instructions for the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory are misunderstood by a majority of participants.

The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) is the most widely used handedness inventory. This study examined the rate at which the EHI instructions were followed using a large sample (n = 423) of males who were administered the instrument. Using liberal criteria for response coding, it was determined that only 47.3% were able to follow the instructions completely. This is in contrast to 88.2% successfully following instructions on a different, Likert-style instrument administered concurrently. Participants’ level of education and handedness significantly predicted their adherence to instructions. Implications for the use of the EHI are discussed.
The Vikings in History

The Vikings on the eve the first raids on the British Isles and their aftermath across the North Atlantic the Vikings and the New World the Danes in the south the Danes in England the Swedes in the east.
Oxide heterogrowth on ion-exfoliated thin-film complex oxide substrates

Fabrication of a bilayer HfO{sub 2}/single-crystal LiNbO{sub 3} film is demonstrated using deep high-energy He{sup +} implantation in a LiNbO{sub 3} wafer, followed by HfO{sub 2} atomic layer deposition, and, then, selective etching exfoliation from the bulk LiNbO{sub 3} crystal. The properties and morphology of these exfoliated bilayer films are characterized using a set of thin-film probes. Pre-exfoliation film patterning and one model application, in surface-refractive-index tuning of guided waves in a free-standing LiNbO{sub 3} film, are also demonstrated.
Seismic behavior of bridge piers including soil-structure interaction

Abstract As a rule, widely used practices do not consider soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the seismic design of bridges. This study attempts to assess the significance of SSI for the design of bridge piers placed on either a homogeneous deep soil stratum or a shallow soil stratum overlying a rigid bedrock. The objective is pursued through a simple, yet capable to capture the effects of the most crucial physical parameters, representation of a bridge pier-soil system. Cases in which SSI needs to be considered in the design are identified, and recommendations that can lead to more economical and safer bridge designs are provided.
Dynamics on Ahlfors quasi-circles

The celebrated theory of Denjoy introduced a topological invariant distinguishingC1 andC2 diffeomorphisms of the circle. AC2 diffeomorphism of the circle cannot have an infinite minimal set other than the circle itself. However, this is possible forC1 diffeomorphisms. In dimension two there is a related invariant distinguishingC2 andC3 diffeomorphisms.
A family study of rheumatoid (ankylosing) spondylitis.

Close relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis had that disease with significantly greater frequency than did similar relatives of non-rheumatic controls. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand occurred no more often than in the controls. These relatives also gave positive tests for rheumatoid factors no more often than did the controls. The results support the view that hereditary factors are involved in the causation of ankylosing spondylitis but are different from those in rheumatoid arthritis. Proxime consanguineos de patientes con spondylitis ankylosante habeva ille morbo con un significativemente plus alte frequentia que simile consanguineos de non-rheumatic subjectos de controlo. Del altere latere, arthritis rheumatoide non occurreva plus frequentemente in le un que in le altere gruppo. Positive tests pro factores rheumatoide habeva le mesme incidentia in le duo. Le resultatos supporta le conception que factores hereditari es interessate in le causation de spondylitis ankylosante sed que iste factores differe ab illos interessate in arthritis rheumatoide.
Engineering a bioactive matrix by modifications of calcium sulfate.

The goal of this study was to define the conditions for the fabrication of a bioactive matrix that induces and supports cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. The proposed hypothesis was that a composite graft could be engineered by the absorption of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) onto calcium sulfate (CS). Evaluation of the biological activity of the engineered grafts was based on osteoblast proliferation studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Graft samples were created in a standard size and shape so that the surface available for attachment and cell proliferation was always identical. Proliferation data were expressed as counts per minute per group and differences among groups were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Scheffe test (alpha = 0.1). SEM analysis showed that the combination of CS and PRP presents a preserved crystalline structure well integrated by organic matrix. This combination showed the highest cell proliferation levels (p < 0.001). Further evaluations demonstrated that PRP is activated when combined with CS. When tested as a possible carrier for biologically active molecules such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), CS showed increased cell proliferation (p < 0.001). SEM revealed adherent osteoblasts with broad flattened edges on CS-PRP. This study proposes CS as an efficient carrier for PRP or PDGF and supports the use of these combinations as bioactive matrices in clinical or laboratory applications.
PPBS in a community mental health center

In contrast to the traditional line item budget, PPBS is portrayed as a method to relate program costs to achievements and assess the efficiency of a CMHC. The authors describe the application of PPBS to the planning and design of a grant for the development of a child mental health program.
Gastroparesis is common after lung transplantation and may be ameliorated by botulinum toxin-A injection of the pylorus

aPTT may be falsely elevated and may lead to insufficient anticoagulation if dosing UFH from aPTT levels. This is a preliminary report in a small number of patients. However, the incidence of thrombosis is high in LVAD patients and all potential causes need to be reported quickly so that they can be investigated in larger numbers and at multiple institutions. Several hypotheses need to be tested in LVAD patients, including: exclusive monitoring of anti-Xa levels (or a combination of anti-Xa and aPTT) and the increased risk of bleeding when monitoring anti-Xa levels. Our results suggest that aPTT levels underestimate anti-coagulation in LVAD patients and monitoring UFH with anti-Xa levels more accurately reflects the level of anti-coagulation.
Self-Help Books: Some Ethical Questions.

Self-help books may be a useful resource to counselors in their work with counselees. They may contribute, however, to the development of psychological problems or prevent people from seeking help when needed. The Utopia promised by self-help books may be a pathology in its own right as marketing experts “hype” a book beyond any reasonable evidence of its efficacy. Ethical questions are raised as well as action suggestions for authors, professional counselors, and professional organizations.
Spectral interactions of insecticide synergists with microsomal cytochrome P-450 from insecticide-resistant and susceptible house flies

Abstract The spectral interactions of 45 insecticide synergists and related compounds with oxidized and reduced cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of insecticide-resistant and -susceptible house flies were investigated. The type III interaction typical of piperonyl butoxide was the most common spectral interaction for the compounds studied. In addition to this, several other varients of the type III interaction were noted. In general these responses with house fly microsomes were similar to those reported for mammals, although some minor species and strain differences were observed. The cytochrome P-450 from susceptible house flies, although reported previously not to exhibit type I difference spectra with many xenobiotics, was found to elicit this spectral response with several methylenedioxyphenyl compounds.
Power control and intimate partner sexual violence in Haiti.

This study sought to determine how power and control in intimate relationships influenced women's exposure to sexual violence. Multilevel modeling was used to determine the risk of partner sexual violence in the past 12 months among 2240 women aged 15-49 years who were currently married or cohabiting. The data were drawn from the 2000 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey. Strong positive effects on intimate partner sexual violence were found for husband's jealousy and perpetration of controlling behavior and women's endorsement of traditional norms concerning a husband's rights to beat his wife. Female dominance in decision making about purchases for daily household needs was positively associated with intimate partner sexual violence but its effects were mediated by relationship quality. The effect of wife's education on intimate partner violence was nonlinear. The analysis also showed that high community female headship rates were independently associated with higher risks of partner sexual violence. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a multidimensional approach to the measurement of power in sexual relationships and the need for programs to work at multiple levels to address gender-based norms and the structural factors that put women at increased risk of sexual violence.
The Congruence Myth Revisited

Abstract In this article I note areas of agreement with Dawis (2000); Gati (2000); Hesketh (2000); Prediger (2000); Rounds, McKenna, Hubert, and Day (2000); and Tracey, Darcy, and Kovalski (2000); reply to points with which I disagree; and suggest priorities for future research.
Effect of saponins on the physical characteristics, composition and quality of akara (fried cowpea paste) made from non-decorticated cream cowpeas

Abstract Changes in the foaming capacity and viscosity of cowpea paste, affected by the addition of saponins, were investigated, as well as the subsequent effect on the texture and oil content of Akara (fried cowpea paste). Two saponins, Quillaja and Yucca, were used. Results showed a significantly greater decrease in the specific gravity after whipping (39.9–52.9%), of the paste prepared with saponins compared to that prepared without saponins (25.1–32.9%). This demonstrated the increase in foaming capacity of the paste prepared with saponins. The results also showed a higher foaming capacity for the Yucca saponin compared with the Quillaja saponin. Subsequently, there was a significant decrease in the apparent viscosity of the paste prepared with saponins and a decrease in the firmness (6.51–7.78 N) of the fried product compared to that prepared without saponins (10.89–11.58 N). These results suggest that saponins can be used to increase the foaming capacity of cowpea paste resulting in a more desirably soft, spongy-textured product. There was a significant increase in the fat content of the samples produced with saponins (25.1–42.0 g/100 g) compared to the control (18.8–19.6 g/100 g) due to the formation of more air spaces in the cowpea paste.
Isolated cerebral post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a lymphoma recipient

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) can occur after solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The majority of PTLDs are related to the reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the lymphoid organs. PLTDs in HSCT recipients tend to present with systemic involvement, and isolated PTLD in these patients is rare. Only 14 isolated cerebral PTLDs have been reported in HSCT recipients, and none have been reported in lymphoma patients. When diagnosing PTLD in a lymphoma patient, it is challenging to discriminate between a PTLD that originated from previous disease and a newly developed clone and to distinguish between donor and recipient origin. In this report, we present the first case of a B-cell lymphoma patient who developed isolated PTLD in the CNS, and we confirmed that the PTLD originated in a distinct clone and from a different origin. Furthermore, the role of EBV-DNA monitoring in such patients is discussed.
Agar-diffusion assay of cellulolytic ability of thermophilic fungi

The relative ability of species of thermophilic fungi to degrade cellulose was measured using an agar-diffusion technique based on the clearing of acid-swollen cellulose.
Empiric esomeprazole in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Objective Objectives were to determine the efficacy of empiric treatment with esomeprazole for patients diagnosed with laryngopharyngeal reflux and to determine a treatment paradigm for this patient population. Study Design Prospective study. Methods Patients were treated with a once-daily dose of 40 mg esomeprazole for 8 weeks. All patients completed a subjective symptom scale (rating laryngeal symptoms and esophageal symptoms) and scoring of flexible fiberoptic examination before treatment and at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Nonresponders (<50% reduction in symptom score) were recommended to undergo 24-hour dual-probe pH study while on a regimen of 40 mg esomeprazole once a day, to evaluate for the adequacy of acid suppression. Results Thirty patients completed the course of therapy. After 4 weeks of treatment, only 8 of 30 patients had significant improvement of their overall symptoms (8 of 30 improved on laryngeal score, and 11 of 18 improved on esophageal score). At 8 weeks of treatment, 19 of 30 patients had significant improvement on their overall symptoms (18 of 30 on laryngeal score, and 13 of 18 on their esophageal score). Five of seven nonresponders who agreed to be tested had positive findings on pH studies (on medication regimen) at 1 cm above the upper esophageal sphincter. Four of 10 nonresponders improved further after increasing their dosage to 40 mg twice a day. Laryngeal examination scores were statistically improved in responders after 8 weeks of treatment. Conclusions Laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms require at least 8 weeks of treatment for significant improvement in the majority of patients. Esophageal symptoms improve sooner. Nonresponders at a daily dose of 40 mg should be treated with a dosage of 40 mg twice daily, and pH study on medication reserved for nonresponders at this higher dose. Laryngeal examination scores showed mild but statistically significant improvement at 8 weeks of therapy in responders.
Newly diagnosed venous thromboembolism : Which patients will bleed after anticoagulation is initiated?

Newly diagnosed venous thromboembolism: Which patients will bleed after anticoagulation is initiated? -
Swelling of interpenetrating polymer networks

We have studied the densities, kinetics, and equilibrium degree of swelling in a number of different solvents of poly(carbonate urethane)/poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(carbonate urethane)/poly(vinyl pyridine) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's). The kinetics of solvent uptake are often anomalous. The equilibrium extent of swelling reflects, among other factors, the number of phases present. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The history of pediatric hematology and oncology in Austria.

Like pediatricians elsewhere, Austrian pediatricians have always dealt with hematological and oncological problems. However, up to the 1970s in Austria only case reports and a few single institutional reviews with generally unsatisfactory therapy results have been published.1-3 With the issue of the first cooperative and prospective treatment protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 1974, a fruitful nationwide cooperation in the field of hematology/oncology began.4 This date is considered the birthday of the Austrian Leukemia Study Group. In 1978, the Austrian Pediatric Oncology Group was established as a result of the group's intention to encompass all pediatric malignancies in its collective work. The main objective of the group was the development of standardized therapy protocols with the aim of improving the results nationwide. The achievement of this goal has to be largely attributed to the work of Paul Krepler, MD, the former head of the St. Anna Children's Hospital in Vienna. Since 1974,...
SU‐C‐BRA‐01: 4D Cone‐Beam CT Acquisition Using Respiratory Phase Predication Technique

Purpose: Respiration‐correlated CBCT reduces respiratory motion artifacts at the cost of increased view‐aliasing artifacts due to the gaps in projection data that are sorted to other phases. Respiratory‐gated acquisitions can cover the full scanning range but is inefficient (∼5 minutes per phase). In this study, we developed a 4D CBCT acquisition method using respiratory phase predication technique that can potentially acquire full projection data for each phase within a clinically acceptable (∼10 minutes or less) time. Methods: The proposed 4D CBCT continuously scans the target until sufficient number of projections is acquired for all phases. The respiratory phase predication technique consists of the following iterative steps: (1) training using respiratory signal for the first few (e.g., five) breathing cycles; (2) initial optimization of the gantry rotation speed; (3) adaptive control of the rotation speed and image acquisition during the scan (4) sorting the projection images into different phases. The method was validated using the 4D XCAT digital lung phantom with the motion driven by a sinusoid wave and a real patient respiration signal acquired with RPM system. CBCTimages were reconstructed for each phase using the simultaneous arithmetic reconstruction technique and compared with the mixed‐phase reconstruction.Results: Sufficient projection images (an angular interval less than 1 degree) were acquired for all 10 phases after 10 gantry rotations. The acquisition time was estimated from 10–12 minutes assuming each gantry rotation took ∼1 minute. The CBCTimagesreconstructed from the mixed‐phase projections were blurred in comparison to those for individual phases. Conclusion: A respiratory prediction technique for 4D CBCT has been developed and validated with real patient breathing pattern. We plan to further reduce the number of gantry rotations and therefore the scanning time by improving the control of adaptive image acquisition and taking advantage of data redundancy as in 4D CT.
Larval-specific serum protein in the order dictyoptera—I. immunologic characterization in larval Blattella germanica and cross-reaction throughout the order

Abstract 1. 1. A major larval-specific serum protein (LSP) found in species throughout the order Dictyoptera cross-reacts with a specific antiserum against Blattella germanica LSP. 2. 2. Cross-reaction, measured by the Oudin test, is inversely proportional to phylogenetic distance from B. germanica as described by McKittrick (1964). 3. 3. Termite and mantid LSP, but not cricket, cross-react with the antiserum. 4. 4. LSP varies tenfold in concentration during the molting cycle, with a peak close to ecdysis. Similar fluctuations occur in each larva-to-larva molt but a larger fluctuation occurs during the metamorphic molt. 5. 5. LSP disappears in the adult with a half-life of 2 days at 30°C.
Balance Equations Based on Momentum Equations with Global Invariants of Potential Enstrophy and Energy

Abstract An approximate model for small Rossby number ϵ that is close to the balance equations (BE) but that is based on approximate momentum equations is formulated for a rotating, continuously stratified fluid governed by the hydrostatic, Boussinesq, inviscid, adiabatic primitive equations with spatially variable Coriolis parameter. This model, referred to as BEM (balance equations based on momentum equations), conserves volume integrals of an appropriate energy density and also conserves potential vorticity on fluid particles and thus volume integrals of potential enstrophy density. The fact that, unlike the BE model which is derived from equations for the vertical component of vorticity and for the horizontal divergence, BEM is based on approximate momentum equations is important for two reasons. It allows the derivation of equations for the horizontal components of vorticity that are needed in the subsequent derivation of an equation for the potential vorticity and it allows the consistent formulatio...
The exchange and maximal net flux of glucose across the human erythrocyte. I. The effect of insulin, insulin derivatives and small proteins.

1. The exchange and maximal net fluxes of glucose across human red cells were determined. The results confirm those of Mawe and Hempling17 in that the exchange flux is 2.5-3 times faster than the maximal net flux. When cells were incubated with insulin, the maximal net flux was elevated on the average by 47%. There was no significant effect on the exchange flux. The maximal net flux was elevated by vasopressin, oxidized glutathione, and the individual A and B insulin chains. Oxytocin, reduced glutathione, cysteine and cysteic acid had no effect on the maximal net flux. The inhibition of the exchange flux and not of the maximal net flux by phospholipase C as reported by Odesser and Mawe26 was also confirmed. This inhibition was prevented when red cells were treated with insulin prior to exposure to phospholipase C. 2. The results suggest that not only may insulin interact with membrane surfaces by means of disulfide-sulfhydryl interchanges but raise the possibility of interactions with amino acid side chains and fatty acids. The elevation of only the maximal net flux by insulin is interpreted in terms of a mobile carrier system and an interaction of insulin with glucose-free carrier, is suggested.
Bridge to Pediatric Heart Transplantation Using Mechanical Circulatory Support: An Analysis \of the UNOS Database

Purpose Pediatric patients awaiting orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) face increasing wait-list times and often require mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a bridge to transplantation (BTT). Post-transplant outcomes in this this group have not been well described. Methods and Materials A retrospective review of the United Network of Organ Sharing database was performed to identify pediatric patients requiring MCS as a BTT. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO), ventricular assist device (VAD) and direct transplantation (DTXP). The primary outcome was survival. Results From 2004 to 2011, 1,997 pediatric patients underwent OHT. There were 389 patients BTT with MCS (19.5%) and 1,608 with DTXP. There were 228 VAD BTT (58.6%) and 161 ECMO BTT (41.4%). Compared to VAD BTT, patients with ECMO BTT were younger (2.9 vs 9.2 years, p Fig. 1 ). In multivariate analysis, ECMO BTT (OR 5.1, p=0.001) and functional status at the time of transplant (OR 0.98, p=0.002) were found to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions This review represents the largest survival analysis of BTT with MCS for pediatric OHT. Patients with ECMO BTT were smaller and younger than those with VAD BTT and had significantly poorer survival than those with direct transplantation. Importantly, however, the use of VAD for BTT did not worsen post-transplant survival.
Zero synthesis in linear multivariable subsystems

Methods are introduced for transmission subzero design in series-compensated systems. Classical adjoint representations aid in the development of general design theories for such systems for both a plant transfer matrix with full rank and one with rank defect unity. An example is given, in which specialized construction is shown to contribute to a solution for the singular case. >
Active alignment of optical fibers to planar waveguides using a thermal-curing adhesive

This paper described a process that was developed for the active alignment of optical fibers to planar waveguides using a thermal-curing adhesive, in order to improve the performance and reliability of waveguide-based components. The process combines alignment at a temperature selected for adhesive curing with offline postthermal treatment of the aligned device that is suitable for volume manufacturing. A specially designed fiber-array holder and a waveguide-device holder were used to overcome the effects of temperature and stress on the alignment, simplifying the alignment from high temperature to room temperature. By studying the adhesive curing kinetics and the buildup of adhesive bonding strength, the alignment was tuned to balance performance and efficiency. Using this alignment process, fiber-to-waveguide couplings that provide low optical loss, strong bonding, and excellent reliability were achieved.
THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIALLY RAISED METABOLIC RATE ON THE ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAM OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS1

From a study of the ‘10 per second’ (alpha) rhythm from the human occipital cortex in relation to temperature variations, Hoagland (1) pointed out that the frequency of the alpha waves under standard conditions is apparently proportional to the rate of respiration of the brain cells. The direct relationship of the lowering of blood sugar (2) to the alpha frequency is in accord with this view. Santenoise (3) has produced evidence which indicates that the thyroid apparatus is involved in cerebral activity. The present report is concerned with the investigation of this problem by the study of the effects on alpha frequency of elevation of the basal metabolic rate by massive doses of thyroxin. This paper is also part of a larger study, now in progress at the Worcester State Hospital, on the physiological and psychiatric changes in deteriorated schizophrenics by hyperthyroidization and hyperthyroxinization.
Fast subband filtering in MPEG audio coding

Subband filtering is one of the most compute-intensive operations in the MPEG audio coding standard. The author proves that the matrixing operations in MPEG subband filtering can be efficiently computed using fast 32-point DCT or inverse DCT (IDCT) algorithms. >
School-aged children's vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: The role of attachment security, maternal depressive symptomatology, and economic risk

The influences of three risk factors (insecure attachment, maternal depressive symptoms, and economic risk) on children's depressive symptomatology were examined. Subjects were 85 children from a range of income levels; all subjects were between 7 and 9 years of age. Children's depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Dimensions of Depression Profile for Children and Adolescents. Results indicated that children at high economic risk were more likely to exhibit depressive symptomatology than were children at low economic risk. Security of attachment was significantly related to children's depressive symptomatology. In addition, a significant relation was noted between children's depressive symptomatology and the depressive symptomatology of their mothers. Contrary to expectations, no significant relation was found between maternal depressive symptomatology and security of attachment. A multiple regression analysis revealed that security of attachment, maternal depressive symptomatology, and economic risk accounted for 47% of the variability in children's depression scores. Secure attachment served as a buffer; economic risk was associated with depressive symptoms only among insecurely attached children.