cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Storage bottle material and cleaning for determination of total mercury in seawater

Accurate determinations of trace levels of mercury (Hg) in water require scrupulously clean sampling equipment and storage bottles. To avoid Hg contamination during storage, it has been presumed that water samples must be stored in either glass or Teflon bottles cleaned with a rigorous method, such as submersion in hot acid. These cleaning procedures are hazardous, and use of Teflon bottles can be cost prohibitive for major oceanographic programs. We investigated the suitability of alternative cleaning procedures and bottle materials for storage of seawater containing sub-picomolar levels of Hg. We found that a simple technique with detergent, dilute acid, and bromine monochloride removes Hg from all bottle materials tested, which included FEP Teflon, glass, polycarbonate (PC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and fluorinated polyethylene (FLPE). The technique is effective for bottles that are either new or used previously for trace-level oceanographic samples (total Hg < 10 pM). Stability of seawater Hg levels differed dramatically among storage bottle materials during a 74- week test. Hg in seawater stored in LDPE, FLPE, and FEP bottles increased within 15 weeks of storage at room temperature. In contrast, Hg levels in seawater stored in PC bottles were increased modestly only after 74 weeks of storage and those in glass bottles were unchanged throughout the test. We recommend future use of this new cleaning method and encourage greater use of glass and PC bottles for storage of waters containing low levels of Hg.
Frequency, extent, and distribution of endomyocardial adipose tissue: Morphometric analysis of endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 241 patients.

Features of endomyocardial biopsy specimens (EMB) have been analyzed extensively; however, the frequency, distribution, and associations of adipose tissue in EMB taken from patients with failing hearts have received less attention. We analyzed morphologically and morphometrically EMB from 241 patients (159 male, 82 female, mean age 46.6 years, range 18-76) for whom six diagnostic clinicopathologic categories (including normality) were separately defined. The mean surface area of EMB, mean area of quantifiable adipose tissue, and percentage area attributable to fat were determined by computer-based morphometry to be 6.5 mm(2), 0.4 mm(2), and 6.5%, respectively. The mean number of biopsy pieces, number of pieces with fat, and percentage of pieces with fat were 4.1, 1.1, and 28.9%, respectively. Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia had greater percentage area attributable to fat (19.8% vs. 8.9%; p < 0.0027) and greater number of pieces with adipose tissue (2.9 vs. 1.0, p < 0.0001) than did patients in diagnostic categories with the next most fatty EMB. There were no differences between males and females in EMB surface area fat or percentage of pieces with fat. Older patients (above the mean age) had greater adipose tissue in EMB (percentage area attributable to fat) than did younger patients (8.1% vs. 4.8%; p < 0.01). Body mass index (kg/m(2)) did not correlate with percentage EMB tissue area attributable to fat. Larger EMBs (above the mean area) were neither more frequently nor more involved by fat than were smaller biopsy specimens (6.4% vs 6.6% fat, respectively). Typically, adipose tissue in EMB percolated widely through the myocardium, and the mean number of EMB pieces did not influence the likelihood of finding fat deposits. Fat was intimately associated with blood vessels and was frequently associated with small areas of interstitial and replacement fibrosis. The high frequency of adipose tissue in EMB and the relatively large area constituted by fat in some EMB supports autopsy observations that focal and widespread fatty infiltration of the right ventricular endomyocardium is to be expected and reflected in EMB sampling. Excessive myocardial fat may play a pathogenic role in cardiomyopathy.
On stiffness reduction of a fiber-reinforced composite containing interfacial cracks under longitudinal shear

Abstract Reduction in longitudinal shear stiffness of unidirectional fiber composites induced by fiber—matrix interfacial cracks is considered. The crack configuration applies to a composite of which all the fibers contain the same symmetrically located interface cracks. The composite cylinder model is employed in the formulation of the problem. The resulting mixed boundary value problems lead to systems of dual series equations, which are then reduced to Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with a logarithmically singular kernel. The reduced longitudinal shear moduli are calculated by solving the governing weakly singular integral equations.
pH regulation in ileum: Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in isolated crypt and villus cells

Current evidence suggests that intestinal crypt and villus cells have different functions in electrolyte transport. To study the regulation of transporters, we isolated and separated these two cell types. This was accomplished by sequential collection of enterocytes from rabbit ileal loops incubated with buffered solutions of calcium chelators. Alkaline phosphatase and thymidine kinase activity, sodium-glucose cotransport, and morphological criteria were used to determine cell separation. Cell viability was evaluated with trypan blue exclusion, leucine incorporation into protein, and morphological features. The role of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in the regulation of intracellular pH was analyzed using an intracellular pH sensitive dye, BCECF. Removal of external Na+ or the addition of amiloride resulted in acidification of both crypt and villus cells. Removal of Cl- or the addition of DIDS resulted in alkalinization of both cell types. The cells could be acidified with NH4Cl, and recovery from this acid load was dependent on Na+ and inhibited by amiloride. Similarly, the cells could be alkalinized with propionate and recovery was Cl- dependent and DIDS sensitive. These data are consistent with the presence of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in both crypt and villus cells. Both exchanges appear to be involved in the regulation of basal pH as well as in recovery from alterations in intracellular pH. Having demonstrated the presence of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange activity in both crypt and villus cells, we can now use these cells to determine the regulation of these exchangers by intracellular second messengers.
Fishing and Tourism Impacts in the Aftermath of the Hebei-Spirit Oil Spill

Abstract Cheong, S., 2012. Fishing and tourism impacts in the aftermath of the Hebei-Spirit oil spill. On December 7, 2007, the Hebei-Spirit oil spill poured 10,900 tons of light crude oil into the waters off the Yellow Sea of the Republic of Korea following a collision between a Samsung Heavy Industries crane barge and the Hebei-Spirit oil tanker (KORDI Staff, 2008; Hebei-Spirit Oil Spill cleanup; Korea Ocean and Research Development Institute, 48p). The Hebei-Spirit oil spill was the largest spill in Korean history, and it dramatically affected the fishing and tourism communities of the Taean region in Choognam Province. Typically, oil spills cause considerable damage to the fishing and tourism industries because of those industries' dependence on natural coastal resources. Though fishing and tourism are affected by the spill simultaneously, their distinct resource uses, industry characteristics, and culture lead to different reactions and outcomes.
Healthcare IT as a source of resilience

Healthcare information technology (IT) systems can be used to inform workers and managers about changes to workplace vulnerabilities and new means that may be available to meet challenges such as widely varying demand. IT system success, though, depends on adaptability in the face of change, which is a property that IT systems do not currently demonstrate. Resilience engineering seeks to create and maintain systems that can cope and adapt to complex, changing environments and can be used to develop IT systems that are capable of adaptation as the sharp (operator) end of healthcare requires. Research into resilience needs to address questions that have genuine import for healthcare and IT systems that are intended to support it.
Metabolomics of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Identifies Signatures of Malignant Glioma

Cerebrospinal fluid is routinely collected for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with neurological malignancies. However, little is known as to how its constituents may change in a patient when presented with a malignant glioma. Here, we used a targeted mass-spectrometry based metabolomics platform using selected reaction monitoring with positive/negative switching and profiled the relative levels of over 124 polar metabolites present in patient cerebrospinal fluid. We analyzed the metabolic profiles from 10 patients presenting malignant gliomas and seven control patients that did not present malignancy to test whether a small sample size could provide statistically significant signatures. We carried out multiple unbiased forms of classification using a series of unsupervised techniques and identified metabolic signatures that distinguish malignant glioma patients from the control patients. One subtype identified contained metabolites enriched in citric acid cycle components. Newly diagnosed patients segregated into a different subtype and exhibited low levels of metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism, which may indicate the absence of an inflammatory signature. Together our results provide the first global assessment of the polar metabolic composition in cerebrospinal fluid that accompanies malignancy, and demonstrate that data obtained from high throughput mass spectrometry technology may have suitable predictive capabilities for the identification of biomarkers and classification of neurological diseases.
Optimal search trajectories for a single platform

This paper studies the problem of designing optimal search trajectories for a single search platform. The admissible trajectories are constrained by physical restrictions in terms of dynamical models. Necessary conditions for optimality are obtained in terms of Gateaux differentials; these conditions can be used in iterative algorithms to find stationary points of the minimization.
Technology scaling issues of an iddq built-in current sensor

Analysis and comparison of 1.5 mum and 350 nm CMOS test chip results of a built-in current sensor design reveal several critical design issues. This paper includes a discussion of these issues. The success of the sensor design hinges on how these issues are addressed in order to achieve successful operation during technology scaling
Shock Incarceration in Georgia: An Analysis of Task Performance and Training Needs among Corrections Officers.

"Shock incarceration" provides a viable alternative to incarceration. However, the uniquesness of this "Boot Camp" correction may make unusual demands on the correctional officers working in this type of setting. In an attempt to identify the general activities of these officers as well as special training needs, a joint study was undertaken. Through a series of qualitative interviews and a comprehensive job-task analysis, a wealth of information was obtained. Generally, it was found that for correctional officers working in two major shock programs the most highly rated tasks were related to physical security. However, the evidence strongly indicates that the greatest training needs concern activities which are uniquely shock incarceration connected.
Elections and Activist Coalitions in the United States

Formal models of voting have emphasizd the mean voter theorem, that all parties should rationally adopt identical positions at the electoral mean. The lack of evidence for this assertion is a paradox or contradiction in need of resolution. This article attempts to resolve this paradox by considering an electora lm odel that includes “valence” or nonpolicy judgements by voters of party leaders. The theorem is used to suggest that Republican success depends on balancing the opposed demands of economic and social conservatives. Democrat success in future elections resides in overcoming the policy demands of economic liberals and gaining support from cosmopolitans—the socially liberal but economically conservative potential supporters of the party.
Superprotonic phase transition of CsHSO4: A molecular dynamics simulation study

The superprotonic phase transition (phase II --> phase I; 414 K) of cesium hydrogen sulfate, CsHSO4, was simulated using molecular dynamics with the "first principles" MSXX force field (FF). The structure, binding energy, and vibrational frequencies of the CsHSO4 monomer, the binding energy of the (H2SO4)2 dimer, and the torsion barrier of the HSO4- ion were determined from quantum mechanical calculations, and the parameters of the Dreiding FF for Cs, S, O, and H adjusted to reproduce these quantities. Each hydrogen atom was treated as bonded exclusively to a single oxygen atom (proton donor), but allowed to form hydrogen bonds to various second nearest oxygen atoms (proton acceptors). Fixed temperature-pressure (NPT) dynamics were employed to study the structure as a function of temperature from 298 to 723 K. In addition, the influence of several force field parameters, including the hydrogen torsional barrier height, hydrogen bond strength, and oxygen charge distribution, on the structural behavior of CsHSO4 was probed. Although the FF does not allow proton migration (i.e., proton jumps) between oxygen atoms, a clear phase transition occurred as demonstrated by a discrete change of unit cell symmetry (monoclinic to tetragonal), cell volume, and molar enthalpy. The dynamics of the HSO4- group reorientational motion also changed dramatically at the transition. The observation of a transition to the expected tetragonal phase using a FF in which protons cannot migrate indicates that proton diffusion does not drive the transition to the superprotonic phase. Rather, high conductivity is a consequence of the rapid reorientations that occur in the high temperature phase. Furthermore, because no input from the superprotonic phase was employed in these simulations, it may be possible to employ MD to hypothesize superprotonic materials.
Reflectarray reflection phase diagnostics

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel diagnostic procedure for reflectarray design. By separating the fields into their incident, scattered and total components, one can get great insight into the working of the reflectarray as a parabolic surface. By plotting the actual phase provided by each reflectarray element in the true reflectarray environment, one can diagnose the design and find the flaws in the existing design. In order to validate this diagnostic approach, a good and a defected reflectarray were designed. The defected design produced lower directivity and higher side lobes. Using this diagnostic procedure, the defected area of the reflectarray was successfully identified.
Case Study of an Automatic pH Control Strategy for a Strong Acid−Strong Base System

The control of pH has been studied extensively for its distinct, nonlinear, and unstable character as well as its wide application in the process industries. Of particular importance is the strong acid−strong base system for its steep titration curve and difficulty in reaching steady state. In this study, the development and design of a simple yet robust single-tank industrial neutralization process is presented. The technical keys are the proper choice of holdup volume, the understanding of pH sensor time lag and maintenance procedures for them, the proper tank mixing design, the choice of set point, and the incorporation of the difference between the actual and indicated pH.
NIELSEN'S JUST GLOBALIZATION

Kai Nielsen's work truly is a model for what engaged philosophical argument can and should aspire to be. He is militantly committed to clarity and to the rejection of dogma. His palpable good faith and sincerity are evident in everything he writes. I can't pretend to have read more than a fraction of Nielsen's voluminous writings, but one of my favorite passages of his is from a recent essay and is reprinted in Globalization and Justice :
Evaluation of conventional and “organic” baby food brands for eight organochlorine and five botanical pesticides

Two lots of applesauce, pears, winter squash and carrots from each of two traditional commercials and one commercial “organic” brand of baby food were purchased from local retailers. These samples were analyzed for eight organochlorine (aldrin, dieldrin, cis-chlordane, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, heptachlor, and hexachlorobenzene) and five botanical (nicotine, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, warfarin, and rotenone) pesticides in duplicate. The results indicated no detectable organochlorine pesticide residues at levels of detection between 4 and 11 pg/g, no detectable nicotine residues at the level of detection of 0.66 ng/g and no detectable pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, warfarin and rotenone residues at levels of detection between 0.126 and 0.36 ng/g. Since no residues were found in any of the baby foods, there was no apparent distinction between the traditional commercial brands and the “organic” commercial brand of baby foods evaluated in this study.
Interrogating Cultural Anthropology Text Covers: Intended Messages, Received Meanings

The cover image on an assigned text is often the first message American students receive about cultural anthropology. Drawing upon 47 introductory texts published between 2001 and 2007, our team of students and professor employed content, semiotic, and critical discourse analysis, as well as student focus groups and student survey information, to discover messages projected to and received by students. We discuss our findings in terms of pedagogy and contemporary concerns of cultural anthropology.
Active learning for detection of mine-like objects in side-scan sonar imagery

A data-adaptive algorithm is presented for the selection of the basis functions and training data used in classifier design with application to sensing mine-like targets with a side-scan sonar. Automatic detection of mine-like targets using side-scan sonar imagery is complicated by the variability of the target, clutter, and background signatures. Specifically, the strong dependence of the data on environmental conditions vitiates the assumption that one may perform a priori algorithm training using separate side-scan sonar data collected previously. In this paper, a novel active-learning algorithm is developed based on kernel classifiers with the goal of enhancing detection/classification of mines without requiring an a priori training set. It is assumed that divers and/or unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) may be used to determine the binary labels (target/clutter) of a small number of signatures from a given side-scan collection. These sets of signatures and associated labels are then used to train a kernel-based algorithm with which the remaining side-scan signatures are classified. Information-theoretic concepts are used to adaptively construct the form of the kernel classifier and to determine which signatures and associated labels would be most informative in the context of algorithm training. Using measured side-looking sonar data, the authors demonstrate that the number of signatures for which labels are required (via diver/UUV) is often small relative to the total number of potential targets in a given image. This procedure designs the detection/classification algorithm on the observed data itself without requiring a priori training data and also allows adaptation as environmental conditions change.
STUDIES ON LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA

SINCE an interval of 24 hours or more is required to transport water samples to state and central laboratories, the question of providing a proper container is a rather important and often a somewhat annoying problem. No doubt most states must, like Ohio, depend to a large extent upon one central laboratory for the examination of water supplies located in the smaller towns and rural districts. It is probable, therefore, that many state laboratories have had experiences not unlike ours in an attempt to provide a type of shipping box which would accommodate sufficient ice to preserve a low temperature for 24 hours or more, and which would be of such size and construction that it could be used conveniently in the field. We have tried several styles of iced-containers but have found the,same objections more or less applicable to all, viz., they do not, especially in warm months, preserve the ice for a sufficient period; they must usually be sent by express, frequently entailing considerable delay; they are rather bulky and heavy, and, therefore, inconvenient to handle in the field; and in addition, they are somewhat expensive, especially if a sufficient supply is kept on hand to meet the demand from all sections of a populous territory. In view of the foregoing, and upon advice from a neighboring state (West Virginia), that uniced samples had proved satisfactory, we discontinued ice-packing
Photorespiration in diatoms

A glycolate dehydrogenase found in the marine diatom Thallassiosira pseudonana differs significantly from that occurring in other algal systems. It is insensitive to cyanide and prefers the l-isomer of lactic acid although the d-isomer is oxidized slowly. Its specific activity is comparatively high; substrate affinity is rather low (glycolate K m 1.6×10-2 and l(+)lactate K m 2.2×10-2); optimal activity occurs at pH 8.7. It appears to be indirectly linked to oxygen via a system of electron carriers; it is insensitive to metal complexing agents but is partially inactivated by sulfhydryl inhibitors. Attempts to identify possible cofactors were unsuccessful.
Open-chest cardiac massage after closed-chest compression in a canine model: when to intervene.

Abstract Open-chest cardiac massage appears beneficial in improving hemodynamics during resuscitation efforts and in improving resuscitation success. The time between cardiac arrest and the initiation of open-chest cardiac massage is crucial. It would appear that if initiation of open chest cardiac massage is delayed for more than 20 min from the onset of cardiac arrest, little or no successful of closed-chest compression CPR are needed. Such techniques would allow early identification of ineffective resuscitation efforts and provide the opportunity for early change to other, presumably more effective, techniques.
Space-Time Power Scheduling of MIMO Links—Fairness and QoS Considerations

Power control, beamforming and link scheduling are all important operations to improve the power-and-spectral efficiency of networks of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless links. We call a joint optimization of the above operations the space-time power scheduling (STPS) scheme. The STPS scheme is formulated as joint optimization of the transmitter covariance matrices of all active MIMO links over all dimensions of space and time, which includes the dimension of frequency as a dual form of time. In this paper, we address the proportional fair (PF) and quality-of-service (QoS) issues of the STPS scheme, which are important for networks with asymmetric topology and/or asymmetric traffic demands. Both slow fading channels and fast fading channels are considered. We demonstrate that the PF-STPS scheme provides a very attractive tradeoff between sum capacity and rate distribution for asymmetric links. We also demonstrate that the QoS-STPS scheme has a much higher power-and-spectral efficiency than the previously existing QoS based scheme that do not exploit the temporal freedom. Efficient optimization algorithms for both PF-STPS and QoS-STPS are provided. The STPS scheme is a centralized cooperative scheme which requires a scheduler. For ad hoc networks, this scheduler can be elected adaptively among eligible nodes in the network.
Strategy and action: Assessing student-led culture workshops within the professions

In order to prepare students to successfully engage with native speakers and members of heritage language communities both at home and abroad, educators must develop course curricula that emphasize cultural practices, products, perspectives, and comparisons as well as provide students with opportunities to directly apply the skills that they have acquired in the classroom across a range of other settings. This article describes a Culture for the Professions course whose curriculum was based on the four steps of the cultural intelligence model (Earley & Ang, 2003): drive, knowledge, strategy, and action. The study focuses in particular on how students implemented the last two components of the model (strategy and action) by collaborating with local organizations to design and present culture workshops that were specifically tailored to each organization's needs and mission. In addition to benefiting the organizations themselves, data obtained from evaluation rubrics and postworkshop reflections suggest that community culture workshops allow students to become more aware of how culture influences the work of an organization and to develop strategies to bridge cultural differences in the workplace.
REPLACEMENT OF DECIDUOUS FIRST PREMOLARS AND DENTAL ERUPTION IN ARCHAEOCETE WHALES

Archaeocete whales of the subfamily Dorudontinae (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) show strong evidence of having replaced upper and lower 1st deciduous premolars with permanent teeth late in their dental eruption sequence. This situation is rare in modern mammals, many of which have no teeth in the 1st premolar position or which retain a deciduous tooth in the 1st premolar position that is not replaced. Evidence for replacement of deciduous 1st premolars in dorudontine archaeocetes comes from both juvenile and adult specimens of Dorudon atrox from Egypt and Zygorhiza kochii from North America. Replacement of deciduous 1st premolars by permanent teeth may have been precipitated by a general delay in skeletal maturation found in cetaceans, which allowed dental development to proceed for a longer period of time than is generally available for most mammals.
High dose therapy for recurrent Wilms’ tumor

The prognosis for most patients with newly diagnosed Wilms’ tumor (WT) is excellent, but those who have recurrent or refractory disease have a significantly worse prognosis. High dose chemotherapy (HDT) requiring autologous stem-cell rescue has been tried for recurrent WT with variable results, but no randomized clinical trial has ever been performed. A recent review by T.C. Ha and colleagues of the published cases to date suggests HDT may be beneficial to the very high risk subset of patients with recurrent WT, but this conclusion is fraught with the caveats of any retrospective review. A prospective clinical trial would be challenging to complete but with careful planning and international collaboration it could be accomplished. Such a trial is likely the only way to know with certainty the safety and efficacy of HDT for recurrent WT.
Neuroendocrine Regulation: The Peptidergic Neuron Introduction and Historical Background

The award of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to two neuroendocrinologists for their research on hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones (22) signals an increased appreciation of brain-endocrine interactions and sets the stage for this 42nd Nobel Symposium on “Principles for central neuronal regulation of the endocrine system”.
Following Precedent to Signal Ideological Neutrality

I analyze a game-theoretic model of judicial decisionmaking in which judges are concerned both about promoting substantive policy outcomes and developing a reputation for being ideologically neutral. I argue that judges may be motivated to develop such a reputation either because they are concerned about promoting the institutional legitimacy of their court or because being perceived as too ideological may hamper a judge's promotion prospects. I characterize conditions under which such reputational concerns lead judges to follow precedent in order to signal their ideological neutrality.
“99.9% effective”: calculating credibility and consuming trust in antibacterial promises

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the phrase “99.9% Effective” – the claim brandished on all manner of antibacterial hand sanitizers – as a contemporary marketplace icon. It establishes the contexts of global contagious risk in which antibacterial hand sanitizers' “99.9% Effective” claim proliferates and becomes a marketplace icon. Beginning from the premise that there is no separation between our material consumption of hand sanitizers and our consumption of the cultures of the antibacterial promise, it analyzes the material meaning of this marketplace icon. Situated amid a backdrop of quotidian but potentially catastrophic twenty-first century systemic microbial risk, this article uncovers the relationship between conditions of trust, the cultures of calculation and the work of consuming this marketplace icon.
Cyclic Leukocytosis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: New Perspectives on Pathogenesis and Therapy

Studies were performed on a teen-age female identical twin with cyclic leukocytosis and Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in an attempt to analyze the relationship of these cycles to her disease and to utilize the cycles as reference points for kinetic studies and as landmarks in the progression of her disease. She remained untreated for 2½ yr. Colony-stimulating factor levels showed an inverse relationship to the peripheral leukocyte count. Two distinct phases in cyclic patterns of peripheral leukocyte counts prior to treatment could be appreciated in retrospect: phase 1, a stable 15-mo period during which leukocyte counts peaked every 10 wk and then returned to baseline levels, and phase 2, an 18-mo period of insidious deterioration during which the low points of successive cycles became progressively higher and leukocytes were accumulating in the peripheral blood at a rate of 400 x 106/day. We propose that the increased marrow production of myeloid cells in this disease does not represent a life-threatening situation until cell accumulation begins. We attempted, therefore, to halt or to reverse this accumulation by cell separator leukapheresis.
The Abbreviated Character Strengths Test (ACST): A Preliminary Assessment of Test Validity

The 24-item Abbreviated Character Strengths Test (ACST) was developed to efficiently measure character strengths (Peterson, Park, & Castro, 2011 ). However, its validity for this purpose has not yet been sufficiently established. Using confirmatory factor analysis to test a series of structural models, only a modified bifactor model showed reasonably acceptable fit. Further analyses of this model failed to demonstrate measurement invariance between male and female respondents. Relationships between ACST dimension and Big Five personality trait scores were generally weak-to-moderate, and support for hypotheses regarding each ACST virtue's expected correspondence with specific Big Five dimensions was mixed. Finally, scores on ACST dimensions accounted for a combined 12% of the variance in satisfaction with life scores, after controlling for socially desirability. Although an abbreviated measure of character strengths represents a practical need, considerable improvements to the ACST are needed for it to adequately meet this purpose.
Paroxysmal Nonepileptic Events

Paroxysmal events that mimic epilepsy, and their precipitants, prodromes, and distinguishing features are reviewed by researchers at Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, and American University of Beirut, New York.
PS-Tree:a Path-based Semantic Document Indexing

In order to resolve the issue of containing query with a node set formed by multi-keywords,this paper proposes an index structure,named PS-Tree,and applies it to a semantic search engine.The PS-Tree refers to a set attribute index of object-orient database.It can map user's query to a semantic path which contains semantic relations as the aim of user's query in form of multi-Key words by "range query".It can improve the performance of index structure.The experiment result shows that the PS-Tree gives a good performance especially when there is a long semantic distance between the query Key words.
In vitro effects of bladder mucosa and an enkephalinase inhibitor on tachykinin induced contractility of the dog bladder.

Abstract Tachykinin-induced contractility of smooth muscle strips from dog bladders was studied in vitro, and the presence of substance P-like immunoreactivity and neurokinin A and neurokinin B-like immunoreactivity was examined in bladder sections. Nerve fibers with substance P-like immunoreactivity were present in the mucosa, submucosa and smooth muscle. Fibers were also found in nerves, intramural ganglia, and around blood vessels. Neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity had similar distribution, and no neurokinin B-like immunoreactivity was observed. Removal of the mucosa significantly enhanced the sensitivity and the maximum responses to the tachykinins. After removing the mucosa, the sensitivity to these tachykinins increased 0.4 to 0.5 log units (p substance P) was not altered by mucosa removal, addition of phosphoramidon, or both. Neurokinin A was degraded by enkephalinase located in the bladder mucosa and addition of phosphoramidon or mucosa removal resulted in an inhibition or loss of enkephalinase activity. It is concluded that the responses to neurokinin A, which acts on NK-2 type of receptors, prevail on the dog bladder.
SU-F-T-386: Analysis of Three QA Methods for Predicting Dose Deviation Pass Percentage for Lung SBRT VMAT Plans

Purpose: To investigate the significance of using pinpoint ionization chambers (IC) and RadCalc (RC) in determining the quality of lung SBRT VMAT plans with low dose deviation pass percentage (DDPP) as reported by ScandiDos Delta4 (D4). To quantify the relationship between DDPP and point dose deviations determined by IC (ICDD), RadCalc (RCDD), and median dose deviation reported by D4 (D4DD). Methods: Point dose deviations and D4 DDPP were compiled for 45 SBRT VMAT plans. Eighteen patients were treated on Varian Truebeam linear accelerators (linacs); the remaining 27 were treated on Elekta Synergy linacs with Agility collimators. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine if there were any statistically significant differences between D4DD, ICDD, and RCDD. Tukey's test was used to determine which pair of means was statistically different from each other. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine if D4DD, ICDD, or RCDD are statistically significant predictors of DDPP. Results: Median DDPP, D4DD, ICDD, and RCDD were 80.5% (47.6%–99.2%), −0.3% (−2.0%–1.6%), 0.2% (−7.5%–6.3%), and 2.9% (−4.0%–19.7%), respectively. The ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between D4DD, ICDD, and RCDD for a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed a statistically significant difference between two pairs of groups, RCDD-D4DD and RCDD-ICDD (p < 0.001), but no difference between ICDD-D4DD (p = 0.485). Multiple regression analysis revealed that ICDD (p = 0.04) and D4DD (p = 0.03) are statistically significant predictors of DDPP with an adjusted r2 of 0.115. Conclusion: This study shows ICDD predicts trends in D4 DDPP; however this trend is highly variable as shown by our low r2. This work suggests that ICDD can be used as a method to verify DDPP in delivery of lung SBRT VMAT plans. RCDD may not validate low DDPP discovered in D4 QA for small field SBRT treatments.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction following Repair of Atrioventricular Septal Defect.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a common complication following surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine predictors of LVOTO based on echocardiograms performed prior to initial repair of AVSD. METHODS Of the 415 children that had repair of AVSD from 2003 to 2012, 17 children were identified with LVOTO that required surgical intervention. Thirty-four patients with repaired AVSD and no LVOTO served as controls. Patient demographics, cardiac surgery type, and echocardiogram results at last follow-up were collected. Off-line analysis of the echocardiogram prior to AVSD repair was done to obtain: left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and interventricular septal diameter, chordae across LVOT, aortoseptal angle, left ventricular (LV) inflow/outflow length ratio, inferior displacement of the atrioventricular (AV) valve, atrioventricular valve index (AVVI) and presence of coarctation of the aorta. RESULTS The LVOTO group had significantly smaller indexed LVOT diameters (P < .001), increased likelihood of chordae crossing the LVOT (P = .010), decreased LV inflow/outflow length ratio (P < .001), decreased AVVI (P = .014) and increased presence of coarctation of the aorta (P = .003) compared to control patients. A multiple logistic regression model including presence of chordae in the LVOT [OR 5.32, 95% CI: (1.24-22.78, P = .024] and an indexed LVOT diameter ≤2.5 cm/m2 [OR 5.41, 95% CI: (1.15-25.39) P = .032] demonstrated each to be independently associated with the development of LVOT obstruction (area under the receiving operating curve = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Chordae across the LVOT and an indexed LVOT diameter of ≤2.5 cm/m2 are associated with a higher risk of development of LVOTO following repair of AVSD. Identification of these risk factors on echocardiogram prior to initial AVSD repair can be useful in evaluating for future risk of LVOTO and the need for closer clinical follow-up.
Spatial shifts in salmonine harvest, harvest rate, and effort by charter boat anglers in Lake Michigan, 1992–2012

Abstract Stocked and naturally reproducing salmonids in Lake Michigan support an economically important charter boat fishery which operates from multiple locations around the lake. Charter boat operators depend on the sustainability and spatial availability of salmonid species. We analyzed the spatial distributions of charter boat harvest of brown trout, Chinook salmon, coho salmon, lake trout, and rainbow trout from 1992 to 2012. We found that during this 21 year period fishing effort shifted closer to shore, to the west, and to the north. Harvest of some species, namely lake trout and rainbow trout, shifted towards shallower bottom depths and closer to shore. In contrast, harvests of Chinook and coho salmon have not shifted closer to shore in a consistent manner. We suggest that a variety of factors may have contributed to these trends in harvest patterns, including recent ecosystem shifts in Lake Michigan. While we acknowledge that spatial harvest patterns are unlikely to precisely mirror salmonid distribution patterns, we believe that reporting coarse shifts in harvest has implications for future management options including, but not limited to, stocking decisions and harvest regulations.
Cancer Registries: Can We Improve the Quality of Thyroid Cancer Data?

Cancer registries are used to report cancer care trends and outcomes. Information from these data sets is utilized to craft practice guidelines and management recommendations. Limited knowledge is available regarding the quality of the data contained within registries. We sought to determine the accuracy of a single variable, ‘surgery of the primary site’, in the Tennessee Cancer Registry (TCR). A retrospective review of the TCR thyroid database was performed. Hospital facilities were classified as either Commission on Cancer (CoC) or non-CoC accredited. Certified Tumor Registrars at the TCR reviewed the abstracted text and/or telephoned the reporting facility staff to confirm the definitive thyroid procedure. A total of 921 thyroid cancer cases, diagnosed/treated at TN facilities during 2004–2011, were coded with thyroid lobectomy (TL). Overall, 369 (40 %) were incorrectly coded, of which 247(67 %) were changed to total thyroidectomy. The majority of cases (80 %) were reported by CoC facilities. When compared by facility type, 42 % of records submitted from CoC facilities contained incorrect codes for the variable ‘surgery of the primary site’ TL compared with 34 % of records submitted by non-CoC facilities (p = 0.047). In this study of the TCR, 40 % of records contained inaccurate coding of the variable ‘surgery of the primary site’. Upon validation, 27 % of all records were changed from TL to total thyroidectomy. The rate of incorrect coding was higher in CoC reporting facilities than in non-CoC facilities. Using text-to-code re-abstraction audits and facility contact these discrepancies can be validated and corrected to improve data quality.
Tibialis Anterior Tendon Reconstruction Using Augmented Half-Thickness Tendon Segment Transposition.

Tibialis anterior tendon rupture causes substantial morbidity. The present study describes the outcomes of augmented, half-thickness tibialis anterior tendon segment transposition, a novel reconstr...
Communication technologies to improve HPV vaccination initiation and completion: A systematic review.

Abstract Objectives This systematic review examines the effectiveness of communication technology interventions on HPV vaccination initiation and completion. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify existing randomized controlled trials testing the impact of computer-, mobile- or internet-based interventions on receipt of any dose of the HPV vaccine. Twelve relevant studies were identified with a total of 38,945 participants. Results The interventions were delivered using several different methods, including electronic health record (i.e. recall/reminder) prompts, text messaging, automated phone calls, interactive computer videos, and email. Vaccine initiation and completion was greater for technology-based studies relative to their control conditions. Conclusion There is evidence that interventions utilizing communication technologies as their sole or primary mode for HPV vaccination intervention delivery may increase vaccination coverage. Practice implications Communication technologies hold much promise for the future of HPV vaccination efforts, especially initiatives in practice-based settings.
Adherence to treatment guidelines: the association between stroke risk stratified comparing CHADS 2 and CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score levels and warfarin prescription for adult patients with atrial fibrillation

Ischemic stroke is a risk associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is estimated to occur five times more often in afflicted patients than in those without AF. Anti-thrombotic therapy is recommended for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Risk stratification tools, such as the CHADS2, and more recently the CHA2DS2-VASc, for predicting stroke in patients with AF have been developed to determine the level of stroke risk and assist clinicians in the selection of antithrombotic therapy. Warfarin, for stroke prevention in AF, is the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant in North America. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of using the CHADS2 score levels (low and high) in contrast to the CHA2DS2-VASc when examining the outcome of warfarin prescriptions for adult patients with AF. The CHA2DS2-VASc tool was not widely used in 2010, when the data analyzed were collected. It has only been since 2014 that CHA2DS2-VASc criteria has been recommended to guide anticoagulant treatment in updated AF treatment guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate data analysis strategies were used to analyze 2010 National Ambulatory Care Survey (NAMCS) data. NAMCS is designed to collect data on the use and provision of ambulatory care services nationwide. The study population for this research was US adults with a diagnosis of AF. Warfarin prescription was the dependent variable for this study. The study population was 7,669,844 AF patients. Bivariate analysis revealed that of those AF patients with a high CHADS2 score, 25.1% had received a warfarin prescription and 18.8 for those with a high CHA2DS2-VASc score. Logistic regression analysis yielded that patients with AF had higher odds of having a warfarin prescription if they had a high CHADS2 score, were Caucasian, lived in a zip code where < 20% of the population had a university education, and lived in a zip code where < 10% of the population were living in households with incomes below the federal poverty level. Further, the analysis yielded that patients with AF had lesser odds of having a warfarin prescription if they were ≥ 65 years of age, female, or had health insurance. Overall, warfarin appears to be under-prescribed for patients with AF regardless of the risk stratification system used. Based on the key findings of our study opportunities for interventions are present to improve guideline adherence in alignment with risk stratification for stroke prevention. Interprofessional health care teams can provide improved medical management of stroke prevention for patients with AF. These interprofessional health care teams should be constituted of primary care providers (physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners), nurses (RN, LPN), and pharmacists (PharmD, RPh).
Human factors related to time-dependent infection control measures: "scrub the hub" for venous catheters and feeding tubes.

Background The use of catheter hub decontamination protocols is a common practice to reduce central line–associated bloodstream infections. However, few data exist on the most effective disinfection procedure prior to hub access accounting for human factors and time-dependent practices in real time in the clinical setting. Methods An observational design with a multimodal intervention was used in this study in a neonatal intensive care unit. Direct observations on nurse compliance of scrub times with decontamination when accessing of venous catheter and feeding tube hubs were conducted during 3 phases: (1) baseline period prior to any interventions; (2) during an educational intervention phase; and (3) during a timer intervention period when using a timing device, either an actual timer or music button. Results Overall, both education and the timing device interventions increased the mean scrub time ± SD of venous catheter hubs. Mean baseline scrub times of 10 ± 5 seconds were lower compared with 23 ± 12 seconds after educational intervention ( P P P Conclusions Time-based infection control measures, such as scrubbing the hub, must be implemented with aids that qualify specific times to account for human factors, to ensure adherence to time-dependent measures aimed at decreasing nosocomial infections.
A Theoretical Framework for Conversational Search

This paper studies conversational approaches to information retrieval, presenting a theory and model of information interaction in a chat setting. In particular, we consider the question of what properties would be desirable for a conversational information retrieval system so that the system can allow users to answer a variety of information needs in a natural and efficient manner. We study past work on human conversations, and propose a small set of properties that taken together could measure the extent to which a system is conversational. Following this, we present a theoretical model of a conversational system that implements the properties. We describe how this system could be implemented, making the action space of an conversational search agent explicit. Our analysis of this model shows that while theoretical, the model could be practically implemented to satisfy the desirable properties presented. In doing so, we show that the properties are also feasible.