cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1116: Response to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition is regulated by collagen dense stroma

Increased mammographic density correlates with over four-fold increase risk for breast cancer, making it one of the greatest risk factors known for this disease. High breast density is correlated to increased collagen in the breast tissue, and we have found that increased collagen in the Col1a1 tm1jae mouse model promotes mammary tumor formation and progression. Increased collagen density in vitro elevates expression of PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), the gene for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), by over four fold. Because COX-2 over-expression is observed in 40% of invasive breast carcinoma cases and correlates with poor prognosis, we hypothesized that inhibition of COX-2 may be an effective therapeutic in the context of mammary tumors arising in dense tissue. Celecoxib is a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that specifically inhibits COX-2. To understand how COX-2 affects response to collagen matrix density, we made use of our previously characterized mouse model of MMTV-PyVT tumors in a wild type (wt) or Col1a1 tm1jae background (HD). Col1a1 tm1jae /+ or wild-type (+/+) littermates were randomly assigned at 11 weeks of age to treatment with vehicle or celecoxib at 0.2mg per mouse per day. Oral treatment was given daily for 21 days. We found a link between matrix density and the role of COX-2. Tumors that arose on the dense Col1a1 tm1jae background (HD) were larger and more invasive (p tm1jae /+ animals. Other features were affected by celecoxib in a non-density manner, as the total number of macrophages (wt = p = 0.0052, HD = p tm1jae /+ and +/+ animals. Ongoing studies are aimed at identifying different macrophage populations, and which stromal cell populations are expressing COX-2 and PGE2. These findings suggest that COX-2 has a direct role in modulating tumor progression in dense matrices, which in turn promote more aggressive tumors. As dense breast tissue is a common occurrence, these findings suggest that COX-2 may be an effective therapeutic target for women with dense breast tissue. Citation Format: Karla Esbona, David Inman, Sandeep Saha, Kevin Eliceiri, Lee G. Wilke, Patricia J. Keely. Response to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition is regulated by collagen dense stroma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1116
Gapless plasmons in carbon nanotubes and their interactions with phonons

Carbon nanotubes possess a very rich spectrum of plasmon modes. For the single wall, metallic carbon nanotubes, in addition to the high frequency plasma modes in the UV range and the depolarization shifted van Hove plasma resonances, there are also low frequency, gapless plasmon modes in the far-infrared frequency range which couple to phonon excitations. We show that defects as well as formation of nanotube bundles can dramatically enhance the optical signatures of this coupling. These results explain the recent Raman-scattering experiments on single nanotubes and bundles. We also propose an experimental test for the idea of the momentum quenching as the main mechanism controlling the observed signatures of the electron-phonon coupling.
Yield Contribution of Apical and Subapical Ears in Prolific and Nonprolific Corn

Previous studies have demonstrated higher corn (Zea mays L.) yield potential for prolific corn hyhrids (more than one ear) compared to nonprolific hybrids (one ear). However, little is known about the relative contribution of the second ear to total yield at various N levels. This study compared yield responses to N rates of 56, 140, and 224 kg N ha −1 of prolific Hybrids A (1202 x Mo17) and B (I117 x B73) with responses of nonprolific Hybrid C (Pioneer 3320) at a uniform low plant population density. All three hybrids gave a positive yield response to N applications. The prolific hybrids increased both in apical ear weight and in subapical ear weight and number in response to N rate. Averaged over N rates, Hybrid A yielded 24% and Hybrid C 14% higher than Hybrid B in 1987 [...]
Crohn's disease complicated by strictures: a systematic review

The occurrence of strictures as a complication of Crohn's disease is a significant clinical problem. No specific antifibrotic therapies are available. This systematic review comprehensively addresses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, prediction, diagnosis and therapy of this disease complication. We also provide specific recommendations for clinical practice and summarise areas that require future investigation.
Localizing age-related individual differences in a hierarchical structure

Data from 33 separate studies were combined to create an aggregate data set consisting of 16 cognitive variables and 6832 different individuals who ranged between 18 and 95 years of age. Analyses were conducted to determine where in a hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities individual differences associated with age, gender, education, and self-reported health could be localized. The results indicated that each type of individual difference characteristic exhibited a different pattern of influences within the hierarchical structure, and that aging was associated with four statistically distinct influences; negative influences on a second-order common factor and on first-order speed and memory factors, and a positive influence on a first-order vocabulary factor.
Lipid transfer proteins in the study of artificial and natural membranes

Lipid transfer proteins, differing in their specificity for the transfer of lipids and for the surfaces on which they act, have been purified from various mammalian tissues and subsequently characterized. Several of their properties make them useful research tools. They have been used alone or with other techniques to study the distribution and mobility of phospholipids in artificial vesicles and in natural membranes, and have been used to create asymmetric phospholipid vesicles. Lipid transfer proteins are capable of altering the lipid composition of membranes by introducing new lipids or by depletion of existing lipids. Some of the transfer proteins can effect a net transfer of phospholipids, glycosphingolipids and cholesterol from one structure to another, whereas others appear to act primarily in promoting exchange. Some lipid transfer proteins are capable of introducing spin labeled and fluorescent lipid analogs into the outer surface of membranes. Because lipid transfer proteins do not seem to alter membrane lipid asymmetry or permeability of membranes, they are useful tools for studying the effect of lipid substitution on membrane-mediated transport processes and on various membrane-bound enzyme systems.
Mass-fragmentography of nanogram quantities of biogenic amine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid and whole rat brain

A mass fragmentographic method is described for the simultaneous assay of both the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine. The method was successfully applied for the measurement of nanogram quantities of these metabolites in human ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids and in the rat brain. Mass fragmentography was carried out on the methyl ester/pentafluoroproprionyl derivatives of the acidic and the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives of the alcoholic metabolites, employing an 8 ft 3% SE-54 column. Chemical methods for the synthesis of a number of deuterated isomers (isotopomers) of the above metabolites are also described. These isotopomers were utilized as internal reference standards for the assay of the metabolites in biological materials. They were also used to study the fragmentation reactions of these metabolite derivatives.
Relationships among locus of control, self‐concept, and anxiety

Sixty male alcoholic inpatients were administered the Locus of Control scale (IE), the Activity Preference Questionnaire (APQ), the Manifest Anxiety scale (MAS), and the Tennessee Self Concept scale (TSCS). Ss defined as having an external locus of control appeared significantly more anxious than internal Ss on the MAS; however, no differences were found between groups on the APQ or TSCS scales. The self-report (MAS) and nonobtrusive (APQ) measures of anxiety were not correlated significantly. A differential pattern of correlations was found between the MAS and APQ and TCSC subscale scores. The obtained correlations support the contention that the MAS may measure more accurately a dimension of neuroticism and/or negative self-concept rather than anxiety. Further research appears necessary to investigate the internal consistency and dimensionality of the MAS.
Concepts as Context: Thematic Museum Education and Its Influence on Meaning Making.

Thematic art museum education programmes – programmes where visitors make meaning of various artworks in relation to a specific preselected theme – are conspicuous within interactive museum education on both sides of the Atlantic. How do thematic programmes influence visitors' experiences with art? In this article, I explore this question based on data collected in a museum education class at a graduate school of education. The findings emphasise how the selection of a particular theme inevitably shapes the way viewers read an artwork. Viewers who are compelled by aspects of an artwork that do not ‘fit’ within the assigned theme feel frustrated in thematic programmes. These viewers contend that the thematic approach flattens the rich, multidimensional – and multi-thematic – experiences that artworks invite. By the same token, the data suggest that the limits that themes set can promote in-depth exploration of certain interpretive avenues in the work and yield feasible, insightful interpretations that might otherwise remain obscure. Ultimately, this article is a reminder that the themes museum educators select – or their absence – inevitably shape the way individual artworks come to life as viewers interact with them.
Setting realistic expectations for publishing in leading accounting research journals

Abstract At most colleges and universities, an accounting academic's publication record is a primary consideration in promotion and tenure decisions. Many institutions encourage and expect faculty members to publish in leading accounting research journals. No longer limited to institutions with strong research orientations, these expectations often become an informal part of promotion and tenure guidelines at other colleges and universities. This article evaluates the use of such criteria in light of a five-year study (1978–1982) of several attributes of academics who have published in two leading research journals, The Accounting Review and The Journal of Accounting Research . The objective is to initiate dialogue and promote reasonable expectations among and between accounting faculty and administrators.
Classification Of Textured Surfaces Based On Reflection Data

A statistical approach to classification of surfaces based on the spatial intensity distribution of reflected light is proposed. In this approach, a surface is modelled as a collection of randomly oriented mirror-like micro-facets which give rise to a spatial intensity distribution of reflected light. A correlation matrix is formulated based on the co-occurrence of two given reflected intensities at points separated by a given angular distance. Features based on this matrix are proposed, and two classification schemes based on maximum-likelihood and nearest neighbor decision rules are implemented on these features. Experimental results for the classification schemes are presented for a variety of sample surfaces such as paper, cloth, felt, cork, etc. Success rates of
Commentary: Carbon-based Electrical Interconnect and Thermal Interface Materials

Summary form only given: As integrated circuit (IC) technology continues the trend towards sub-50 nanometer feature sizes, it is imperative to retain performance of back-end features such as on-chip interconnects while gaining the cost benefit of scaling. Some major barriers to achieving continuous downward scaling include high resistance and questionable reliability of nanoscale copper lines, and power dissipation in densely packed integrated circuits. This work presents fundamental electrical and thermal characterization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) as a possible solution for next-generation back-end integrated circuit processing. Results of temperature-dependent electrical resistance measurements for CNF arrays demonstrate distinct metallic behavior of these novel nanoscale devices. The current capacity of CNF interconnect test structures is examined and the results are compared with an electrothermal transport model. The use of CNF/copper composite material as a thermal interface for IC packaging is explored and fundamental thermal resistance measurement results show promise of such a composite material for thermal management applications.
GROSSULAR IN THE ALLENDE (TYPE III CARBONACEOUS) METEORITE

Grossular garnet has been observed in several white inclusions in the Allende meteorite. Compositions range from Gro(95)Py(5) to Gro(88)Py(12) in five inclusions. Its mottled appearance indicates that it crystallized from a glass of near-grossular composition and not by a solid-state reaction between wollastonite, anorthite, and melilite. These grossular-bearing inclusions either condensed directly as metastable liquids from the solar nebula or, if initial solid condensates were liquefied, by some subsequent heating process. In either case, a prolonged residence time in a thermal blanket appears necessary to effect crystallization of the grossular.
The Credit Crisis and De Nova Mimicking in Security Analysis

The failure of the investment community in 2007 to foresee the systematic collapse of the credit default swap market significantly increased the complexity of security analysis and damaged the reputation of the security analyst community in general. submit that in response to the credit crisis, security analysts may have engaged in a de nova form of mimicking by increasing emphasis on general market factors and reducing emphasis on idiosyncratic factors in their valuations, driven by behavioral motives to achieve increased cost efficiency and avoid higher penalties for unfavorable outlier valuations. The result would be increased correlation among security valuations and therefore returns, and diminished benefits of diversification. We test this hypothesis by examining the patterns of security and portfolio returns surrounding the onset of the credit crisis in early 2007 and observe a significant postcrisis increase in the proportion of security and portfolio returns explained by market factors. The findi...
"Oh, I have a story": Narrative as a Teacher's Classroom Model

Abstract This paper examines the teaching practices of one American Indian teacher in a high school literature class. It explores the teacher's use of narrative as an instructional strategy designed to convey abstract concepts through concrete experience. The narratives engage students in critical thinking and personal reflection, and provide them with the opportunity to make connections between social and historical contexts. In addition, the teacher uses stories to contrast multiple contexts with personal experiences, which reflects teaching strategies previously identified as those used by effective teachers. There is evidence that sharing ideas and concepts through story is an important way of encouraging social relations and helping students make connections between what they are learning in school and what they know of the world. Based on data analysis, this study presents a model of the teacher's use of narrative as a strategy to pose critical questions, frame a context for discussion, encourage students to reflect on personal perspectives, and introduce ideas and concepts. The model provides a visual representation of the teacher's use of narrative as a way of clarifying course content, contextualizing meaning, and reinforcing understanding.
Progress towards characterization of a predator/prey kairomone: Daphnia pulex and Chaoborus americanus

Predatory larvae of the midge Chaoborus americanus induce an antipredator defense (‘neckteeth’) in prey individuals of the cladoceran Daphnia pulex. The signal for presence of predator is a water-soluble chemical. We provide evidence that this kairomone originates in the intestinal tract of the predator. The active compound is an organic molecule of intermediate polarity which is heat stable and partially destroyed by acid and base digestion. It is stable to digestion by the general peptidase Pronase. Hydroxyl groups, but not primary amines, carbonyls or thiols are essential to activity. Low-pressure liquid chromatography on a reverse-phase silica gel (Amicon Matrex C-18) column suggests there may be more than one active component.
A Virally Encoded Small Peptide Regulates RTA Stability and Facilitates Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication

In both mammalian and viral genomes, a large proportion of sequences are transcribed and annotated as noncoding RNAs. A polyadenylated RNA of 3.0 kb (T3.0) is transcribed from the opposite strand of the open reading frame 50 (ORF50) DNA template in the genome of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and has been annotated previously as a noncoding RNA. ORF50 encodes the replication and transcription activator (RTA), which controls the switch of the virus between the latent and lytic phases of the life cycle. Here we show that T3.0 encodes a small peptide of 48 amino acids (designated viral small peptide 1 [vSP-1]). vSP-1 interacts with RTA at the protein abundance regulatory signal (PARS) motifs, and the association prevents RTA from being subjected to degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. As a consequence, vSP-1 facilitates KSHV gene expression and lytic replication. This finding reveals a novel mechanism of gene regulation in the viral life cycle.
Lysine Adsorption on Cation Exchange Resin. I. Ion Exchange Equilibrium and Kinetics

Abstract Ion exchange equilibria and kinetics are determined for lysine adsorption on the strong acid cation exchanger Dowex HCR‐W2. Average ion exchange selectivity coefficients of 5.0 g/cm3 and 0.75 are obtained for the ion exchange of divalent and monovalent cationic lysine with hydrogen ion, respectively, while values of 1.5 and 1.9 are obtained for the exchange of ammonium and potassium with hydrogen ion. A model based on these binary ion exchange measurements and accounting for the solution equilibria is then developed to predict lysine adsorption over a broad range of conditions. Similarly, resin phase diffusivities are determined by fitting batch binary ion‐exchange data with a mass transfer model based on the Nernst‐Planck equations. Diffusivities of divalent cationic lysine, monovalent cationic lysine, ammonium ion, and potassium ion are 0.05 × 10−6, 0.20 × 10−6, 1.6 × 10−6, and 1.9 × 10−6 cm2/s, respectively. Finally, a general rate model incorporating ion exchange and solution equilibria is de...
SANS Investigation of Polyether Block Copolymer Micelle Structure in Mixed Solvents of Water and Formamide, Ethanol, or Glycerol

The solution structure of a representative polyether block copolymer (Pluronic P105: EO37PO58EO37, where EO and PO denote ethylene oxide and propylene oxide segments, respectively) has been invest...
Design of tool magazine and operational areas for a multi-tool machine

Abstract This paper presents algorithms for designing both the machine operational area and the tool magazine of a multi-tool machine with the objective of minimizing the tool interchange device (robot) travel time. The problem is treated as a machine interference problem with a machine layout problem appended to it. It is shown that the design problem is computationally easy (the computational requirements are a polynomial function of the number of operations considered) when the machine working areas are equal-sized and the tool slots on the magazine are also equal-sized squares. On the other hand, it is also shown that the design problem is computationally difficult (the computational requirements are an exponential function of the number of operations considered) when either the machine working areas or the tool slots on the magazine are rectangles. In either case the total number of required computations has an upper bound.
Dynamical aspects of galaxy clustering

Some recent work on the origin and evolution of galaxy clustering is reviewed, particularly within the context of the gravitational instability theory and the hot big-bang cosmological model. Statistical measures of clustering, including correlation functions and multiplicity functions, are explained and discussed. The close connection between galaxy formation and clustering is emphasized. Additional topics include the dependence of galaxy clustering on the spectrum of primordial density fluctuations and the mean mass density of the Universe.
Displacement sensor for detecting sub-micrometer motion

This paper describes a design of a displacement sensor that detects motion of a platform by measuring change in capacitance due to the fringing electric field. Several variations of the sensor's design were simulated to establish performance sensitivity and the simulation results are presented. Proof of concept testing was performed and encouraging outcomes were recorded. The sensor was able to detect motion of a platform with resolution of 100 nm or better at the distance of several micrometers.
Optimal Control of Solar Heating and Off-Peak Energy Storage Installations

It is well known that the widespread use of solar heating or cooling systems could lead to an increase in the cost of supply of power by the electric utilities. However, it is also recognized that by using appropriate control strategies in these systems the cost of supply may be reduced relative to that of electric resistance heating systems. Control strategies for solar heating systems and for off-peak heat storage systems have been developed and investigated in terms of utility cost of supply for the year 1990. This paper includes a discussion of results obtained for off-peak storage systems, solar heating systems, and combined solar and off-peak systems for the area served by Public Service Co. of New Mexico.
Microtwinning and minibands in the RE(1) Ba(2) Cu(3) O (7-δ) superconductors

Abstract In dense polycrystals of the 1-2-3 superconductors the a-b microtwinning shows an average spacing of about 300a, which is thermally stable below 300 K. In grains with free surfaces, the spacing is near 1000aat 300 K but may refine spontaneously or by thermal cycling below 250 K, again to near 300A. This refinement seems to occur in response to a subtle phase transtion near 250 K. Periodic microtwinning causes a splitting of the antibonding band of the Cu-O chains into a set of minibands separated by minigaps, at an energy scale of 100 K for twin spacing of 300A.
Reversal of the behavioral and electrophysiological abnormalities of an animal model of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor ligands.

Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence implicating the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy was obtained using an improved rat model of hepatic encephalopathy caused by thioacetamide-induced fulminant hepatic failure. After the administration of thioacetamide together with supportive therapy, acute hepatocellular failure developed in rats as a result of massive hepatocellular necrosis without evidence of renal failure or hypoglycemia. The evolution of hepatic encephalopthy in this model was sufficiently slow to readily permit the staging of the syndrome. Prominent features of the encephalopathy include a marked reduction in open field activity and an abnormal visual evoked response. Both the deficits in spontaneous motor function and visual evoked response abnormalities of rats in stages III to IV hepatic encephalopathy were significantly improved after the administration of the benzodiazepine receptor ligands flumazenil or Ro 15-4513. Doses of flumazenil or Ro 15-4513 that produced these effects in rats with hepatic encephalopathy had no detectable action on either the behavior or the visual evoked responses of normal rats. The ability of benzodiazepine receptor ligands to ameliorate both the behavioral depression and the visual evoked response abnormalities associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the thioacetamide-induced rat model suggest an involvement of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. In addition, the similarity of these observations to those in rabbits with hepatic encephalopathy caused by galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure is compatible with the hypothesis that the mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy in these two distinct models share a common final pathway, the allosteric enhancement of GABAergic tone through the benzodiazepine receptor. These observations suggest that increased concentrations or availability of a ligand with agonist properties at the benzodiazepine receptor may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and that administration of benzodiazepine receptor antagonists may be of value in the management of hepatic encephalopathy in man. (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 371–378.)
GOAL PLANNING FOR ADULTS WITH A MENTAL HANDICAP: OUTCOME RESEARCH, STAFF TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT

This paper critically reviews the literature related to outcome research, staff training and management goal planning, primarily for adults with a mental handicap. The outcome literature indicates highly varying outcomes associated with goal planning to increase skills acquisition. No experimental studies were identified which attempted to evaluate goal planning procedures to increase the diversity of opportunities and change people's lifestyle. The quality of this outcome literature was rather disappointing. There were few studies which included control groups, placebo conditions, comparison intervention procedures, social validation or follow-up data. Staff training in goal planning has received considerable attention. However, many studies have focussed only on staff keeping documentation rather than on staff teaching skills. Staff training methods which include an in vivo training component and a planned maintenance procedure show considerable promise. Areas for the future development of goal planning are discussed.
Search, sort, pagination, association and (other) CRUD: a comparison of ActiveScaffold and MyFaces tomahawk

Web applications have many more model objects exposed on the backend, or admin side, than they do on the front, or public side. Coding interfaces for all those models is redundant and a waste of resources when all that is needed is Search, Sort, Pagination, (support for) Association and CRUD. Implementing these interfaces can often require more programming time than the public side of an application. We will analyze an application that was developed using Ruby on Rails (or Rails) [1] and ActiveScaffold [2]. We will compare a subset of the ActiveScaffold portion of this application with an example created using Java and MyFaces Tomahawk [3]. ActiveScaffold and MyFaces Tomahawk are open source software (OSS). Our results will show that ActiveScaffold has a greater number of features and is more reusable than MyFaces Tomahawk. This information is useful to web developers responsible for creating the admin interfaces of web applications.
Microbial volatile organic compound emissions from Stachybotrys chartarum growing on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile

Stachybotrys chartarum is a filamentous mold frequently identified among the mycobiota of water-damaged building materials. Growth of S. chartarum on suitable substrates and under favorable environmental conditions leads to the production of secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). The aim of this study was to characterize MVOC emission profiles of seven toxigenic strains of S. chartarum, isolated from water-damaged buildings, in order to identify unique MVOCs generated during growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tile coupons. Inoculated coupons were incubated and monitored for emissions and growth using a closed glass environmental growth chamber maintained at a constant room temperature. Gas samples were collected from the headspace for three to four weeks using Tenax TA tubes. Most of the MVOCs identified were alcohols, ketones, ethers and esters. The data showed that anisole (methoxybenzene) was emitted from all of the S. chartarum strains tested on both types of substrates. Maximum anisole concentration was detected after seven days of incubation. MVOCs are suitable markers for fungal identification because they easily diffuse through weak barriers like wallpaper, and could be used for early detection of mold growth in hidden cavities. This study identifies the production of anisole by seven toxigenic strains of Stachybotrys chartarum within a period of one week of growth on gypsum wallboard and ceiling tiles. These data could provide useful information for the future construction of a robust MVOC library for the early detection of this mold.
Broad diversity of host responses of the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus to Borrelia infection and antigens

Peromyscus leucopus, the white-footed mouse, is one of the more abundant mammals of North America and is a major reservoir host for at least five tickborne diseases of humans, including Lyme disease and a newly-recognized form of relapsing fever. In comparison to Mus musculus, which is not a natural reservoir for any of these infections, there has been little research on experimental infections in P. leucopus. With the aim of further characterizing the diversity of phenotypes of host responses, we studied a selection of quantitative traits in colony-bred and -reared outbred P. leucopus adults that were uninfected, infected with the relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii alone, or infected after immunization with Lyme disease vaccine antigen OspA and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The methods included measurements of organ weights, hematocrits, and bleeding times, quantitative PCR for bacterial burdens, and enzyme immunoassays for serum antibodies against both the immunization proteins and cellular antigens of the infecting organism. The results included the following: (i) uninfected animals displayed wide variation in relative sizes of their spleens and in their bleeding times. (ii) In an experiment with matched littermates, no differences were observed between females and males at 7 days of infection in bacterial burdens in blood and spleen, relative spleen size, or antibody responses to the B. hermsii specific-antigen, FbpC. (iii) In studies of larger groups of males or females, the wide variations between bacterial burdens and in relative spleen sizes between individuals was confirmed. (iv) In these separate groups of males and females, all animals showed moderate-to-high levels of antibodies to KLH but wide variation in antibody levels to OspA and to FbpC. The study demonstrated the diversity of host responses to infection and immunization in this species and identified quantitative traits that may be suitable for forward genetics approaches to reservoir-pathogen interactions.
A role for endocannabinoids in viral-induced dyskinetic and convulsive phenomena

Dyskinesias and seizures are both medically refractory disorders for which cannabinoid-based treatments have shown early promise as primary or adjunctive therapy. Using the Borna disease (BD) virus rat, an animal model of viral encephalopathy with spontaneous hyperkinetic movements and seizure susceptibility, we identified a key role for endocannabinoids in the maintenance of a balanced tone of activity in extrapyramidal and limbic circuits. BD rats showed significant elevations of the endocannabinoid anandamide in subthalamic nucleus, a relay nucleus compromised in hyperkinetic disorders. While direct and indirect cannabinoid agonists had limited motor effects in BD rats, abrupt reductions of endocannabinoid tone by the CB1 antagonist SR141716A (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) caused seizures characterized by myoclonic jerks time-locked to periodic spike/sharp wave discharges on hippocampal electroencephalography. The general opiate antagonist naloxone (NLX) (1 mg/kg, s.c.), another pharmacologic treatment with potential efficacy in dyskinesias or L-DOPA motor complications, produced similar seizures. No changes in anandamide levels in hippocampus and amygdala were found in convulsing NLX-treated BD rats. In contrast, NLX significantly increased anandamide levels in the same areas of normal uninfected animals, possibly protecting against seizures. Pretreatment with the anandamide transport blocker AM404 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented NLX-induced seizures. These findings are consistent with an anticonvulsant role for endocannabinoids, counteracting aberrant firing produced by convulsive agents, and with a functional or reciprocal relation between opioid and cannabinoid tone with respect to limbic convulsive phenomena.
The Temporal Relationship between Estrogen-Inducible Progestin Receptors in the Female Rat Brain and the Time Course of Estrogen Activation of Mating Behavior*

17β-Estradiol has been shown to induce progestin receptor synthesis in those areas of the brain which mediate sexual behavior, the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the preoptic area (POA). In this study, we explored the temporal relationship between inducible progestin receptors in both MBH-POA and pituitary and the time course of estrogen activation of mating behavior. Both mating behavior and cytosol [3H]R5020 binding in brain and pituitary increase monotonically when Silastic capsules containing 17β-estradiol are implanted and decrease monotonically when the capsules are removed. After implantation of estradiol, increases in cytosol [3H]R5020 binding are seen at 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Receptivity is first observed at 18 h; subsequent increases in the lordosis quotient score are seen at 24, 36, and 48 h. After 48 h, inducible progestin receptors in both MBH-POA and pituitary are maximal, and sexual receptivity is approaching maximal levels. After removal of estradiol, decreases in cytosol [3H]R5020 bind...
Emission and detectability of hadronic axions from SN 1987A.

We show that axions emitted by SN 1987A, with coupling strengths to nucleons in the range 9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, would have produced an unacceptably large signal at the Kamiokande proton-decay experiment. Axions with ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ would have altered the neutrino flux from that observed, so using results from SN 1987A alone, one may nominally rule out the entire range ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. Uncertainties in our estimates prevent us from categorically excluding a small window around ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{n}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$, which could have interesting consequences for supernova theory and cosmology.
Automatic discovery of fiber optic structured cabling component locations and connectivity

The use of RFID tags integrated into fiber optic structured cabling components enables network operators to automatically discover and track the location and connectivity of their cabling infrastructure in real time. A laboratory feasibility demonstration focused on data center applications illustrates the potential capabilities.
Seasonal dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations driven by cave ventilation: Implications for and modeling of speleothem paleoclimate records

A 4-year study in a central Texas cave quantifies multiple mechanisms that control dripwater composition and how these mechanisms vary at different drip sites. We monitored cave-air compositions, in situ calcite growth, dripwater composition and drip rate every 4–6 weeks. Three groups of drip sites are delineated (Groups 1–3) based on geochemical variations in dripwater composition. Quantitative modeling of mineral-solution reactions within the host carbonate rock and cave environments is used to identify mechanisms that can account for variations in dripwater compositions. The covariation of Mg/ Ca (and Sr/Ca) and Sr isotopes is key in delineating whether Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations are dictated by water–rock interaction (i.e., calcite or dolomite recrystallization) or prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 1 dripwater compositions reflects a narrow range of the extent of water–rock interaction followed by varying amounts of prior calcite precipitation (PCP). Group 2 dripwater compositions are controlled by varying amounts of water–rock interaction with little to no PCP influence. Group 3 dripwater compositions are dictated by variable extents of both water–rock interaction and PCP. Group 1 drip sites show seasonal variations in dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca, whereas the other drip sites do not. In contrast to the findings of most previous dripwater Mg/Ca–Sr/Ca studies, these seasonal variations (at Group 1 drip sites) are independent of changes in water flux (i.e., rainfall and/or drip rate), and instead significantly correlate with changes in cave-air CO2 concentrations. These results are consistent with lower cave-air CO2, related to cool season ventilation of the cave atmosphere, enhancing calcite precipitation and leading to dripwater geochemical evolution via PCP. Group 1 dripwater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca seasonality and evidence for PCP as a mechanism that can account for that seasonality, have two implications for many other regions where seasonal ventilation of caves is likely: (1) speleothem trace-element records may provide seasonal signals, and (2) such records may be biased toward recording climate conditions during the season when calcite is depositing. Additionally, we use our results to construct a forward model that illustrates the types of speleothem Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations that would result from varying controls on dripwater compositions. The model provides a basis for interpreting paleodripwater controls from high frequency Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca variations for speleothems from caves at which long term monitoring studies are not feasible. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Non-axisymmetric motion of rigid closely fitting particles in fluid-filled tubes

We consider non-axisymmetric motion of a rigid particle in a cylindrical fluid-filled tube, with negligible inertial effects. The particle is assumed to fit closely in the tube, and lubrication theory is used to describe the fluid flow in the narrow gap between the particle and the tube wall. The solution to the Reynolds lubrication equation and the components of the resistance matrix are expressed in terms of a Green's function. For the case in which the gap is almost uniform, the Green's function is expanded as a power series in a small parameter δ, characteristic of the variations in gap width, and the first two terms are obtained. The velocity of a freely suspended axisymmetric particle driven by a pressure difference along the tube is deduced from the resistance matrix. According to the results at first order in δ, in general the particle moves transversely with a constant velocity. In the absence of higher-order effects, it would eventually collide with the wall. Motion along the tube axis is a neutrally stable solution to the equations of motion at first order. However, if effects at second order in δ are included, motion of an axisymmetric particle along the tube axis is stable or unstable depending on its shape. Generally, if the particle is narrower near the front than near the rear, and the width near the middle is at least as large as the mean of the widths near the front and rear, then its motion is stable. Numerical calculations (not restricted to small δ) confirm these results for axisymmetric particles, and show that a non-axisymmetric shape similar to a red blood cell has a stable equilibrium position in the tube.
Data exploration across temporal contexts

The ability to quickly explore and compare multiple scenarios is an important component of exploratory data analysis. Yet today's interfaces cannot represent alternative exploration paths as a branching history, forcing the user to recognize conceptual branch points in a linear history. Further, the interface can only show information from one state at a time, forcing the user to use her memory to compare scenarios.Our system includes a tree-structured visualization for navigating across time and scenarios. The visualization also allows browsing the history and selectively undoing/redoing events within a scenario or across scenarios. It uses the AI formalism of contexts to maintain multiple, possibly mutually inconsistent, knowledge base states. Cross-context formulas can be written for explicit scenario comparison, including visualizations of scenario differences.
Degradation of Organic Complexing Agents by Halophilic Microorganisms in Brines

The potential use of geologic salt beds as terminal repositories for nuclear waste has necessitated research on the interaction of the waste with indigenous microbiota. Microorganisms may affect actinide solubility by degrading organic complexing agents present in the waste. A halophilic bacterium and Archaea indigenous to a salt formation in New Mexico were examined for their ability to degrade acetate, oxalate, citrate, and ethylenediamine tetraacetate under aerobic conditions in low and high-magnesium brines. All complexing agents, except EDTA, were utilized, suggesting that microorganisms indigenous to such repositories can potentially play a beneficial role in mitigating actinide mobility.
Genetic Diversity in Tall Fescue Ecotypes from Alabama I. Maturity, Morphological Traits, and Disease Reaction

There is a large hectarage of tall fescue in Alabama. Recognition of the deleterious effects of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum has resulted in substantial acceptance of new endophyte-free cultivars. Destruction of old pastures and the concomitant loss of potentially valuable adapted germplasm could be a valid cause for concern. The objectives of this study were to evaluate genetic variation for maturity and plant morphological traits, both among and within tall fescue cv. ‘Kentucky 31’ populations from 18 to 38 year-old pastures in Alabama. Ten populations of approximately 50 plants each were collected from old Alabama tall fescue pastures. Two pastures were sampled in each of five counties, representing the five major land use areas of the state. In 1990, spaced plants of all populations were evaluated at heading time for maturity, morphological, and disease traits at two locations in central Alabama. Endophyte infection level of the populations ranged from 2 to 100 %. Maturity was highly correlated with tiller length and flag leaf width and was used as a covariate for these traits in the analysis of variance. Leaf rust and net blotch ratings were negatively correlated. Significant variation among populations was observed for maturity and flag leaf dimensions, most variation being due to differences among source counties. Significant variation was observed within all populations for maturity and morphological traits, but only in seven populations for leaf rust. No within-population variation was detected for net blotch. The average precipitation for the month of May explained 81 % of the variation among populations for maturity. Age of the pasture sampled had a significant effect on tiller diameter (r2= 0.55), and latitude of the pasture sampled was the best individual predictor of leaf width (r2= 0.42). This study reveals that considerable genetic diversity, largely influenced by climatic conditions, exists among ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue ecotypes from Alabama.
Delay of embryo transfer to day 5 results in decreased initial serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of delaying the transfer of in vitro fertilized embryos to day 5 on embryo development by comparing serum β-hCG levels in pregnancies established after day 3 embryo transfers and those after day 5 blastocyst transfers at equivalent time intervals after fertilization. Design A retrospective analysis. Setting Assisted reproductive technology center in an academic research environment. Patient(s) Women who had an embryo transfer procedure performed after in vitro fertilization (IVF) at Northwestern University's IVF Program between January 1999 and December 2001 were included in this study. Intervention(s) Embryo transfer was performed either on day 3 or day 5 after oocyte retrieval for IVF (day 0), depending on the availability of good-quality embryos on day 3. Main outcome measure(s) Serum β-hCG concentrations determined 13 and 15 days after fertilization in pregnancies established by transferring cleavage-stage embryos on day 3 or blastocysts on day 5. Result(s) In singleton pregnancies, serum β-hCG concentrations were 75 ± 54 (mean ± SD, n=203) or 62 ± 41 (n = 109) IU/mL after day 3 or day 5 transfers, respectively. In twin pregnancies, the β-hCG concentrations were 162 ± 105 (n = 52) or 109 ± 55 (n = 49) after day 3 or day 5 transfers, respectively. The percentage increases in β-hCG concentrations between the first and second measurements were similar in the two groups (day 3: 144 ± 109, day 5: 142 ± 63, not statistically significant). Conclusion(s) Initial β-hCG concentrations in pregnancies resulting from day 5 transfers were lower than those from day 3 transfers when assessed at equivalent intervals from fertilization. This suggests that embryo development or implantation may be impaired by the additional 2 days in culture.
Characterization of ScAP-23, a new cell line from murine subcutaneous adipose tissue, identifies genes for the molecular definition of preadipocytes

The 3T3-L1 model of in vitro adipogenesis has provided key insights into the molecular nature of this process. However, given that 3T3-L1 are of an embryonic origin, it is not clear to what extent ...
A personalized context-dependent Web search agent using Semantic Trees

In Web searching applications, contexts and users' preferences are two important factors for Internet searches in such a way that results would be much more relevant to users' requests than with current search engines. Researchers had proposed a concept-based search agent which uses conceptual fuzzy set (CFS) for matching contexts-dependent keywords and concepts. In the CFS model, a word exact meaning may be determined by other words in contexts. Due to the fact that numerous combinations of words may appear in queries and documents, it may be difficult to define the relations between concepts in all possible combinations. To solve this issue, we proposed a semantic tree (ST) model to define the relations between concepts. Concepts are represented by nodes in the ST, and relations between concepts are defined by the distances between nodes. Moreover, this paper applies users' preferences for personalizing search results. Finally, the fuzzy logic will be used for determining which factor, semantic relations or users' preferences, will dominate results.