cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poverty, caregiver depression and stress as predictors of children's externalizing behaviours in a low‐income sample

Previous research suggests a relationship between poverty, caregiver depression, caregiver stress and children's externalizing behaviour. However, little research exists to suggest the manner in which these concepts are interrelated. Latent growth curve analyses were conducted on caregiver-child dyads data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project to identify the path through which poverty, caregiver depression, caregiver stress and child externalizing behaviours were related. Analyses identified a path through which caregiver stress and depression mediated the effect of poverty on child externalizing behaviours. In addition, the influence of caregiver depression on child externalizing behaviours was mediated by caregiver stress. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. Language: en
The Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues

Louis A. Duhring was professor of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1880s and a pioneer in dermatology, now remembered with the eponymous disease name, Duhring disease, aka dermatitis herpetiformis. This quotation, published in 1871 in the American Journal of Syphilography and Dermatology, must spark some nostalgic reflection for clinicians. First, note the name of the journal. In Duhring’s time, the study of syphilis was a prominent concern of those who specialized in diseases of the skin. The original name of the specialty board was the American Board of Dermatology and Syphilology, with the name changed to the American Board of Dermatology as recently as 1955. And I applaud Duhring’s quest for the correct diagnosis. Yet, while Duhring decries empirical treatment of skin disease, he and his colleagues had few remedies we would today consider to be of much benefit no matter what the diagnosis. The development of Salvarsan for syphilis, antibiotics to treat infections, and steroids for almost everything dermatologic was still decades away.
Lipoxin agonists: turn right! to path of resolving neutrophil

An impressive array of cellular and molecular adaptive responses achieves homeostasis. The inflammatory reaction is an adaptive response triggered by an insult to culminate into the overt cardinal signs of inflammation, eventually leading to resolution and returning the organism back to its original centered state. This article focuses on some aspects of the lipoxin A4 signaling pathway during the resolution phase, to better understand molecular mechanisms by which a neutrophil directs an inflammatory reaction to switch off and resume homeostasis. Defining the resolution state of a neutrophil at the molecular level will aid in treatments of diseases that are associated with an exaggerated and uncontrolled inflammation.
Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Reading Fluency: Implications for Understanding and Treatment of Reading Disabilities

Fluent reading depends on a complex set of cognitive processes that must work together in perfect concert. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks provide insight into this system, acting as a microcosm of the processes involved in reading. In this review, we examine both RAN and reading fluency and how each has shaped our understanding of reading disabilities. We explore the research that led to our current understanding of the relationships between RAN and reading and what makes RAN unique as a cognitive measure. We explore how the automaticity that supports RAN affects reading across development, reading abilities, and languages, and the biological bases of these processes. Finally, we bring these converging areas of knowledge together by examining what the collective studies of RAN and reading fluency contribute to our goals of creating optimal assessments and interventions that help every child become a fluent, comprehending reader.
Dipolar recoupling NMR of biomolecular self-assemblies: determining inter- and intrastrand distances in fibrilized Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide

Abstract We demonstrate a new method for investigating the structure of self-associating biopolymers using dipolar recoupling NMR techniques. This approach was applied to the study of fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides (the primary component of the plaques of Alzheimer's disease) containing only a single isotopic spin label ( 13 C ), by employing the DRAWS (dipolar recoupling with a windowless sequence) technique to measure 13 C – 13 C distances. The `single-label' approach simplified analysis of DRAWS data, since only interstrand contacts are present, without the possibility of any intrastrand contacts. As previously reported [T.L.S. Benzinger, D.M. Gregory, T.S. Burkoth, H. Miller-Auer, D.G. Lynn, R.E. Botto, S.C. Meredith, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95 (1998) 13407.], contacts of approximately 5 A were observed at all residues studied, consistent with an extended parallel β-sheet structure with each amino acid in exact register. Here, we propose that our strategy is completely generalizable, and provides a new approach for characterizing any iterative, self-associating biopolymer. Towards the end of generalizing and refining our approach, in this paper we evaluate several issues raised by our previous analyses. First, we consider the effects of double-quantum (DQ) transverse relaxation processes. Next, we discuss the effects of various multiple-spin geometries on modeling of DRAWS data. Several practical issues are also discussed: these include (1) the use of DQ filtering experiments, either to corroborate DRAWS data, or as a rapid screening assessment of the proper placement of isotopic spin labels; and (2) the comparison of solid samples prepared by either lyophilization or freezing. Finally, data obtained from the use of single labels is compared with that obtained in doubly 13 C -labeled model compounds of known crystal structure. It is shown that such data are obtainable in far more complex peptide molecules. These data, taken together, refine the DRAWS method, and demonstrate its precision and utility in obtaining high resolution structural data in complex biomolecular aggregates such as Aβ.
Can the renin-angiotensin system protect against stroke? A focus on angiotensin II receptor blockers.

From a patient's perspective, stroke is the most devastating form of cardiovascular disease, representing the number one cause of permanent disability in the United States. Treatment of hypertension significantly reduces the risk of stroke; however, it is unclear whether all antihypertensive agents are equivalent in this regard. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, including stroke. Although attenuation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is often credited with the blood pressure-independent effects of this class of agents, this hypothesis has not been confirmed with regard to the end point of stroke. In fact, drugs that activate the RAS, such as diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, are as effective or superior to ACE inhibitors for stroke prevention. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) selectively block the angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor, which results in a reflexive increase in levels of angiotensin II and unopposed activation of angiotensin II subtype 2 receptors. Clinical trials comparing ARBs with active controls have reported significant reductions in stroke in ARB-treated patients. Data on ARBs and other drugs that activate the RAS (diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) support a potential role for the RAS in protecting against stroke. Ongoing trials with ARBs are evaluating stroke as a primary end point, and results should help to further elucidate the role of ARBs in this disease. Until then, it is prudent to treat hypertension with an agent or combination of agents that are likely to result in a rapid and sustained reduction in blood pressure, taking into consideration patient characteristics, comorbidities, tolerability, and cost.
Lysine Acetylation is a Widespread Protein Modification for Diverse Proteins in Arabidopsis

Lysine acetylation (LysAc), a form of reversible protein posttranslational modification previously known only for histone regulation in plants, is shown to be widespread in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Sixty-four Lys modification sites were identified on 57 proteins, which operate in a wide variety of pathways/processes and are located in various cellular compartments. A number of photosynthesis-related proteins are among this group of LysAc proteins, including photosystem II (PSII) subunits, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCb), Rubisco large and small subunits, and chloroplastic ATP synthase (β-subunit). Using two-dimensional native green/sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the loosely PSII-bound LHCb was separated from the LHCb that is tightly bound to PSII and shown to have substantially higher level of LysAc, implying that LysAc may play a role in distributing the LHCb complexes. Several potential LysAc sites were identified on eukaryotic elongation factor-1A (eEF-1A) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and using sequence- and modification-specific antibodies the acetylation of Lys-227 and Lys-306 was established. Lys-306 is contained within a predicted calmodulin-binding sequence and acetylation of Lys-306 strongly inhibited the interactions of eEF-1A synthetic peptides with calmodulin recombinant proteins in vitro. These results suggest that LysAc of eEF-1A may directly affect regulatory properties and localization of the protein within the cell. Overall, these findings reveal the possibility that reversible LysAc may be an important and previously unknown regulatory mechanism of a large number of nonhistone proteins affecting a wide range of pathways and processes in Arabidopsis and likely in all plants.
Individual and setting level predictors of the implementation of a skin cancer prevention program: a multilevel analysis

Background: To achieve widespread cancer control, a better understanding is needed of the factors that contribute to successful implementation of effective skin cancer prevention interventions. This study assessed the relative contributions of individual- and setting-level characteristics to implementation of a widely disseminated skin cancer prevention program. Methods: A multilevel analysis was conducted using data from the Pool Cool Diffusion Trial from 2004 and replicated with data from 2005. Implementation of Pool Cool by lifeguards was measured using a composite score (implementation variable, range 0 to 10) that assessed whether the lifeguard performed different components of the intervention. Predictors included lifeguard background characteristics, lifeguard sun protection-related attitudes and behaviors, pool characteristics, and enhanced (i.e., more technical assistance, tailored materials, and incentives are provided) versus basic treatment group. Results: The mean value of the implementation variable was 4 in both years (2004 and 2005; SD = 2 in 2004 and SD = 3 in 2005) indicating a moderate implementation for most lifeguards. Several individual-level (lifeguard characteristics) and setting-level (pool characteristics and treatment group) factors were found to be significantly associated with implementation of Pool Cool by lifeguards. All three lifeguard-level domains (lifeguard background characteristics, lifeguard sun protection-related attitudes and behaviors) and six pool-level predictors (number of weekly pool visitors, intervention intensity, geographic latitude, pool location, sun safety and/or skin cancer prevention programs, and sun safety programs and policies) were included in the final model. The most important predictors of implementation were the number of weekly pool visitors (inverse association) and enhanced treatment group (positive association). That is, pools with fewer weekly visitors and pools in the enhanced treatment group had significantly higher program implementation in both 2004 and 2005. Conclusions: More intense, theory-driven dissemination strategies led to higher levels of implementation of this effective skin cancer prevention program. Issues to be considered by practitioners seeking to implement evidencebased programs in community settings, include taking into account both individual-level and setting-level factors, using active implementation approaches, and assessing local needs to adapt intervention materials.
Dorsal tangential view of the wrist to detect screw penetration to the dorsal cortex of the distal radius after volar fixed-angle plating.

Background Extensor tendon irritation and attritional tendon ruptures are well-recognized complications, secondary to dorsal screw penetration following volar plating of the distal radius. Lateral and oblique views of the wrist have limited ability to detect such penetration, particularly at the ulnar side of the Lister's tubercle. In this report, we conducted an intraoperative fluoroscopic study to determine dorsal screw penetration in various positions of the wrist/forearm and compared the standard radiographic views (lateral, supination, and pronation views) with dorsal tangential view of the wrist.
Finding the elder voice in social legislation.

At the onset of the twentieth century, there existed no federal legislation in the United States to provide income maintenance or health care coverage based upon advanced age. Only in the last 65 years have we created age-based entitlements such as Social Security, enacted in 1935, and Medicare, enacted in 1965. Given the current public debate about whether and in what form these programs should continue, this — the commencement of the twenty-first century — is a prime time for retrospective reflection upon social legislation and our country’s “aging culture,” a term used broadly in this context to refer to collective beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes about aging and those we would label as aged or elderly.
Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents.

This study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG), the construing of benefits from a traumatic event, in a sample of 435 mostly Hispanic adolescentswho experienced a major life event within the previous 3 years. Levels of PTG did not differ between experienced negative life events. The relationship between PTG and sociodemographics, substance use, religiosity, and depression was explored. Age and religiosity were positively associated with PTG, whereas substance use was inversely associated with PTG. Only age and substance use remained associated with PTG after adjusting for all other variables in a multiple regression analysis. These results demonstrate the existence of PTG among an adolescent population and suggest that PTG can be related to important health behaviors such as substance use.
A Cyber–Physical Future

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) couple the cyber aspects of computing and communications tightly with the dynamics and physics of physical systems operating in the world around us. This emerging multidisciplinary frontier will enable revolutionary changes in the way humans live. Just like the Internet has transformed how national economies are intertwined, how humans interact, and how commerce is conducted, CPSs will transform how humans interact with and control the physical environment to the greater benefit of society. Major economic sectors that will see dramatic advances will include transportation, energy, buildings, healthcare, manufacturing, physical infrastructure, agriculture, and defense among others. The CPS community will comprise computer scientists, engineers of all stripes as well as many biologists, chemists, and physicians. The arts will also leverage the innovations of CPSs and inspire even more novel inventions in the scientific and engineering realms that combine the world of computing with the physical world. In short, the cyber-physical world of the future will be both very different and very welcome.
Exploiting open functionality in SMS-capable cellular networks

Cellular networks are a critical component of the economic and social infrastructures in which we live. In addition to voice services, these networks deliver alphanumeric text messages to the vast majority of wireless subscribers. To encourage the expansion of this new service, telecommunications companies offer connections between their networks and the Internet. The ramifications of such connections, however, have not been fully recognized. In this paper, we evaluate the security impact of the SMS interface on the availability of the cellular phone network. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to deny voice service to cities the size of Washington D.C. and Manhattan with little more than a cable modem. Moreover, attacks targeting the entire United States are feasible with resources available to medium-sized zombie networks. This analysis begins with an exploration of the structure of cellular networks. We then characterize network behavior and explore a number of reconnaissance techniques aimed at effectively targeting attacks on these systems. We conclude by discussing countermeasures that mitigate or eliminate the threats introduced by these attacks.
Quantum effects in the early universe. I. Influence of trace anomalies on homogeneous, isotropic, classical geometries

The use of the effective-action method to calculate quantum effects in the early universe is described. An application is made to the calculation of the effect of one-loop contributions of conformally invariant matter fields on the evolution of homogeneous, isotropic, spatially flat classical geometries containing classical radiation.
The Return of Civilization—and of Arnold Toynbee?

After a period of neglect, civilization as a concept seems once more to have regained popularity among a number of historians and social scientists. Why? What is the appeal of civilization today? And might the return of civilization also herald a return to the work of Arnold Toynbee, once regarded as the towering figure of civilizational analysis? This paper considers the history of the concept of civilization, and argues for the continuing importance and relevance of Toynbee's multi-volume A Study of History within that tradition. The claim is that, whatever the weaknesses of Toynbee's general approach, the civilizational perspective he adopts allows him to cast an illuminating light on many important historical questions. Moreover his belief in the “philosophical contemporaneity” and equal value of all civilizations should make him peculiarly attractive to those many today who reject Eurocentrism and who are increasingly persuaded of the need to consider the total human experience from earliest times up to the present.
A Computational Bible Study of What to Love and What to Hate

The Bible comprises the Old Testament of 39 books and the New Testament of 27 books. It can be viewed as the book of love, in which God revealed, out of His unconditional and unchanging love, His plan for the redemption of man in the Old Testament and fulfilled His promise made in the Old Testament by offering the one and only way of salvation through His son Jesus in the New Testament. In this study, we selected the Bible verses that contain the word love or its variation, which were then employed to cluster the books of the Bible with a computational approach. Of the 28 books containing the word love in the Old Testament, seven groups were identified: Genesis, Deuteronomy, Proverbs, Psalms, Song of Songs, First Samuel, and the rest of the other books. From the 26 books containing the word love in the New Testament, five groups were recognized: First Corinthians, John, First John, Luke and Mark and Matthew, and the rest of the other books. Furthermore, the major theme of love in each cluster was also elucidated. The opposite of love is hate. To gain the whole picture of love, we also selected Bible verses that contain the word hate or its variations. From clustering the books containing hate, different contexts of the word hate were recognized, teaching us to hate those that are contrary to love. Taken together, this computational study of the Bible demonstrated that God’s law is designed to love and to love fulfills the law completely and perfectly. Our findings provided a complete catalog of different contexts and themes in which the word love is being presented in the Bible, thereby enabling better understanding of the Bible in this regard.
Intermediate phenotypes in patients with autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome caused by somatic mosaicism.

Background Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is caused by mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) . We describe 2 subjects in whom somatic mosaicism was associated with intermediate phenotypes. Objective Somatic mosaics might shed light on the pathogenesis of dominant STAT3 mutations and the mechanisms behind the immunologic and nonimmunologic features of the disease. Methods Clinical evaluations were conducted. Mutant STAT3 was amplified from different tissues and sequenced, and the percentage of mosaicism in various cell types was calculated. Flow cytometry was performed to determine percentages of IL-17 + cells, IL-22 + cells, or both. Suction blisters were induced in 1 subject, and exudate fluid was analyzed for whether emigrating neutrophils were STAT3 mutant or wild-type; neutrophils from peripheral blood were simultaneously examined. Results The 2 subjects with STAT3 somatic mosaicism had intermediate phenotypes and were found to have preserved T H 17 cell compartments and apparently normal CD8 cells. However, they still had infections, including mucocutaneous candidiasis. The percentage of STAT3 mutant neutrophils migrating into blisters at 16 hours was the same as in peripheral blood, suggesting normal chemotaxis. Conclusion STAT3 mosaicism accounts for a milder phenotype and allows for further investigation into the pathogenesis of AD-HIES. Despite having a preserved T H 17 cell compartment, both subjects with mosaicism had chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, suggesting that candidiasis in subjects with AD-HIES is not driven solely by low T H 17 cell numbers. The percentage of STAT3 mutant neutrophils emigrating into a suction blister at 16 hours was the same as the percentage in peripheral blood, suggesting that early chemotaxis of STAT3 neutrophils is normal in vivo .
Discrepancies in Elastic Constant Data for MgO Polycrystals and Single Crystals

Elastic properties and their pressure and temperature derivatives are commonly measured on polyerystalline sintered aggregates and assumed to adequately describe the behavior of an ideal aggregate of single crystals without regard to strain of the individual grains. Similarly, it is commonly assumed that by suitably averaging data for single crystals, the properties of an aggregate can be calculated. Ultrasonic results for polyerystalline MgO measured to 8 kbars and 800°K are presented to point out the limitations of these assumptions and to illustrate the anomalous behavior of polyerystalline material. Previous measurements on single-crystal and polyerystalline MgO are tabulated, and sources of error are discussed.
Psychological mediators of the inverse pathology‐creativity effect

Abstract Simonton's essay concerns the inverse relation of pathology and creativity at the level of sociocultural systems. Previous theorists performed few direct tests of their hypotheses; Simonton characteristically compiles data. We review psychological mechanisms at the individual level that may account for the inverse pathology‐creativity effect at the societal level, namely, learning, socialization, and trial‐and‐error problem solving.
Emerging design style: how does it impact the way we design?

The stringent requirements imposed by socioeconomic forces on the computer industry and on the community of scientists and engineers is examined. The ways in which these requirements have been met, through the use of technologies, design tools, equipment, process and facility control, quality assurance and testing, and sophisticated production methodologies are discussed. >
The Formula for Journal Success: Committed, Dedicated Reviewers--A Necessary Component.

As I complete another chapter in my academic career, as noted in the Editorial elsewhere in this issue,1 I finish my 10-year tenure as Editor of JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, previously Archives of Otolaryngology– Head & Neck Surgery, this month. While much has changed since I began this position, there are a few things that have not, and one of them is the formula for a professional journal’s success. The formula is relatively simple. Supportiveadministrative leadership + interestingandinnovativemanuscriptsubmissions + thoughtful, respectful reviewers + anengagededitorial review board + acommittededitor = atimely,meaningful,andsuccessful journal. Invariably themost overlookedand least rewarded componentof thisequation is thethoughtful, respectful reviewers.Aswehavedoneforourprevious9years,mystaffandIwish totakethetimeandjournalspacetoagainrecognizethoseofyou whohaveselflesslygivento the journalas reviewers.Thiseffort is especially appreciated in this hectic age of medical change. While there areno trophies for this effort, the rewards are both as teacherandstudentaswell as thepersonal satisfactionofgiving back to our specialty. So as I bid goodbye, I ask that those on the 2015 peer reviewers list accept my sincere thanks and gratitude for a job well done.Mypersonal hope is that this list continues to grow as does the scope and practice of the field of Otolaryngology– Head and Neck Surgery.
Nucleophilic fluorination on electron-rich aromatic rings from non-aromatic precursors: F-18 labeling study and interference from target water

1162 Objectives Most conventional approaches to label phenols with F-18 involve nucleophilic substitution on electron-deficient precursors followed by conversion to phenols, a sequence often inefficient and time consuming. Our objective was to fill this methodological gap in F-18 radiochemisty by developing a series of unusual synthetic transformations to label phenols (and other electron-rich aromatic systems) with F-18 at high specific activity, rapidly, reliably, and conveniently. Methods We conceived of a diazo compound as a precursor from which it should be possible to prepare F-18 labeled phenols through halofluorination of the diazo group followed by elimination. Diazoketone 1, derived from the corresponding cyclohexenone, was treated with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH) in the presence of an appropriate fluoride source to give α-fluoro-α-bromoketone 2. HBr elimination afforded the desired ortho-fluorophenol 3 in a moderate yield. Results Despite the success of this unique ortho-fluorophenol synthesis using cold fluoride, adaptation to F-18 labeling has proved to be challenging, even beyond typical tracer-level reactivity problems. In fact, even the addition of decayed target water to an otherwise successful protocol for F-19 labeling, suppressed product formation. Current work is focused on two possible interferences, residual water and metal ions (possibly from target foil) which reduce fluoride nucleophilicity or form carbenoids from the diazo group, respectively. By removing water by additional drying with t-BuOH and adding a chelator to capture metal contaminants, we have observed formation of fluorophenol 3, even when target water is used. Conclusions This halo-fluorination/elimination procedure enabled rapid preparation of o-fluorophenol rapidly and regioselectively. The interferences in target water were successfully removed by extensive drying and addition of chelator. Research Support DOE (DE-SC0005434 and DE-FG02-08ER64671)
A Molecular Dynamics Study for Stability of Thin Water Films on Nanostructured Surfaces

The stability of thin water films on a variety of gold nanostructures was simulated by molecular dynamics simulations. The critical film thickness to prevent a film break-up was investigated as a function of the characteristic length of the nanostructures. Layering of water molecules adjacent to the gold substrate was observed as a result of the strong van der Waals interactions between the water molecules and the gold atoms. A model for the critical film thickness in the presence of nanostructures is developed based on the stability analysis. The model prediction is compared with molecular dynamics simulations with good agreement.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Full-scale experimental investigation of wire breakage detection in deviated multi-strand tendon systems

The use of post-tensioning tendons with flexible filler is expected to increase in U.S. bridges in the coming years as an alternative to grouted tendons. Flexible filler results in purely unbonded behavior when used with either internal or external tendons, which creates opportunities for the application of tendon monitoring techniques that were not possible with grouted tendons. One such technique is the detection of wire breakage based on the strain response of the post-tensioning anchorage. The encouraging results from simplified laboratory experiments and analytical models in support of the proposed method motivated the full-scale experiments reported in this paper. Tests were conducted with flexible filler in both external and internal tendons in I-girder specimens having deviated multi-strand tendon profiles, allowing the investigation of the effects of deviators on stress recovery and anchor strain response. The strands of the post-tensioned girders were detensioned by individual wire cuts and the resulting changes in anchor strain distribution were captured. Finally, a broken strand identification algorithm developed for automated damage detection was applied to the experimental results. In addition to instrumenting the anchors with strain gauges, an acoustic sensing system was employed to independently monitor and confirm the breakage events. The findings reported in this study suggest that the wire breakage detection method based on anchor strain measurement can be a reliable and cost-effective approach for in-field bridge monitoring applications.
Pseudopolarographic Determination of Cd2+ Complexation in Freshwater

Pseudopolarography was used to detect Cd2+ complexes in samples collected at several locations along the Potomac River in June and September, 2004. Irrespective of site and sampling time, no weak inorganic Cd2+ species were present. However, up to two stable Cd(2+)-organic complexes were detected at each site. These unknown Cd2+ complexes were characterized by their half-wave potential (E1/2). The E1/2 values indicated certain Cd2+ complexes were common at different sites during each sampling but different complexes were observed in June and September. A Cd2+ chelate scale, generated from model ligands, was used to estimate the thermodynamic stability constants (K(THERM)) of the unknown complexes, which ranged from log K(THERM) = 21.5-32.0. Pseudopolarography did not recover all Cd2+ in the samples. This was partly attributed to highly stable Cd-sulfide species; owing to the presence of acid volatile sulfide at concentrations greater than total dissolved Cd2+. These electrochemically inert species may be multinuclear Cd-sulfide clusters and/ or nanoparticles with K(THERM) values that exceed the detection window of pseudopolarography (log K(THERM) > 34.4).
Selection for Body Weight at Eight Weeks of Age 3. Realized Heritabilities of Unselected Traits

Abstract HERITABILITY is a statistic which describes a certain population in terms of observed phenotypic variance due to differences between individuals in their heredity (Lush, 1948). Various methods for estimating heritability have been developed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed by Lerner (1950, 1958) and Falconer (1960). A reliable measure of additive gene action may be obtained by dividing the difference between the means of two lines selected in opposite directions by the cumulative selection differential. The use of random mating control populations enables the refinement of being able to calculate the heritability in both upward and downward directions and thereby minimize influences of asymmetry in the response of the divergently selected lines. Falconer (1953) has also shown that a reliable method for measuring additive gene action in two-way selection experiments is by the regression of the response on the cumulative selection differential. Harvey and Bearden (1962) presented procedures for …
Effect of prolonged wakefulness on the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids.

Summary1. The urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids of normal young men was not influenced by prolonged wakefulness (112 hours). 2. -Amytal given during such an experiment slightly depressed the output of these substances.
Conformational changes of acetylcholinesterase.

The conformation of highly purified acetylcholinesterase was measured with a spectropolarimeter. It was demonstrated that heat, strong base, a substrate, and anticholinesterase agents induce alterations in the conformation of this enzyme.
A critique of Grünbaum on psychoanalysis.

Nombreux problemes conceptuels dans l'evaluation de la psychanalyse par ses resultats therapeutiques signales a l'attention des specialistes par Grunbaum
Developments in HPLC column packing design

Column packing materials continue to evolve as user needs for high-throughput, high-resolution and high-sensitivity HPLC analyses drive further developments. In this introductory article to this supplement, Ron Majors covers basic column packing morphology and particle design and compares and contrasts modern HPLC columns. Some applications of modern HPLC columns are provided. Future directions in packing developments are predicted.
Empowering patients to promote and protect their health

Not available. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (2): 1-3
Botulinum toxin in the management of acquired abducens nerve palsy: Prospective Interventional controlled trial

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in patients presenting with isolated lateral rectus palsy. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional controlled trial from March 2012 to March 2015. Inclusion criteria were acquired lateral rectus palsy, no other neurological defects, normal magnetic resonance imaging scan, and age >30 years. The cases were treated with 15–25 units of botulinum toxin depending on the angle of squint. The surgical field is prepared, the medial rectus insertion grasped firmly with forceps, and the eye rotated to the primary position. Botulinum toxin is injected 5 mm from the medial rectus insertion, inside the bulk of muscle through a 27-gauge needle (without electromyographic guide) under topical anesthesia. No peritomy is done. Controls were treated with intravenous steroids for 3 days changed to oral steroids on tapering doses. Cases and controls were followed up 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days after initiating treatment. Wilcoxon signed-rank test is used for paired samples; Mann–Whitney U-test is for independent samples; P Results: Ten cases (six female) were enrolled into the study. Ten age-matched controls (six female) were also enrolled. The baseline characteristics of cases and controls were comparable in terms of duration of symptoms, head posture, primary deviation in the primary position, and limitation of abduction. After 10 days of injection, 100% of cases attained primary deviation Conclusion: Botulinum toxin is effective in achieving early subsidence of diplopia in the primary position and early recovery of abduction in patients presenting with isolated lateral rectus palsy.
OpenMP$$^{\textregistered }$$ Runtime Instrumentation for Optimization

The OpenMP (The OpenMP name is a registered trademark of the OpenMP Architecture Review Board.) application programming interface provides a simple way for programmers to write parallel programs that are portable between machines and vendors. Programmers parallelize their programs to obtain higher performance, but, as the number of cores per processor increases, taking advantage of parallelism efficiently becomes more difficult. To facilitate efficient parallelization and avoid poor utilization of machine resources, programmers need to know where an application is spending time and what factors hinder scalability.
Behavioral Health Diagnoses Among Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States: Observations and Implications

Objective:The study described rates and characteristics of U.S. children hospitalized with a behavioral (mental or substance use) disorder.Methods:This cross-sectional analysis of data from the 201...
Beach Barrier Sedimentation, Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana

Sea level transgression results from subsidence following major distributary abandonment in the Mississippi Delta. Subsidence here is mainly due to compaction and dewatering of silt- and clay-sized sediments. Rates of subsidence in abandoned delta complexes range as high as 1.3 meters /year. During the resulting sea level transgression, marine processes dominate sediment dispersal and the generation of transgressive sedimentary facies.
Racemic and (+)-ethyl 2-acetamido-2-carboxy-5-oxohexanoate

Racemic ethyl 2-acetamido-2-carboxy-5-oxohexanoate has been isolated by single hydrolysis of the corresponding diethyl ester and resolved essentially quantitatively by diastereomeric salt formation with (−)-quinine. The (+)-isomer was retrieved from the less-soluble quininium salt. Racemate crystals, (plusmn;)-1, are monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 7.609(4)A, b = 16.731(7)A, c = 10.746(5) A, β = 99.83(4)° enantiomeric crystals, (+)-1, are monoclinic, space group P21, a = 5.857(2)A, b = 15.282(4)A, c = 7.618(2)A, β = 95.62(2)°. Molecular packing is similar in the two structures; the enantiomer has a 0.7% higher volume per molecule and the lower fusion temperatures by 3°C. In both structures, carboxylic acids donate hydrogen bonds to the amide carbonyls of adjacent molecules without reciprocation. Amides form three-centered hydrogen bonds to carboxy oxygen of an intramolecular carboxylic acid group and to oxygen of a ketone carbonyl in an adjacent molecule.
Information and Communication Technologies for Competitive Advantage in Emerging Economies: Analysis of Research

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a vital role in gaining and maintaining competitive advantage. In this study, we analyze twenty-two papers presented at the First International Conference on ICT Management for Global Competitiveness and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies – ICTM 2012 hosted in Wroclaw, Poland. This analysis provides valuable insights into the role of ICT in emerging economies as compared to highly developed economies, as ICTM 2012 hosted authors from a wide range of both developed and developing countries.
Analysis of multi-decadal wetland changes, and cumulative impact of multiple storms 1984 to 2017

Land-cover classification analysis using Landsat satellite imagery acquired between 1984 and 2017 quantified short- (post-Hurricane Sandy) and long-term wetland-change trends along the Maryland and Virginia coasts between Metompkin Bay, VA and Ocean City, MD. Although there are limited options for upland migration of wetlands in the study area, regression analysis showed that wetland area increased slightly between 1984 and 2011, indicating that marsh aggradation rates were sufficient to maintain wetland elevation relative to mean sea level. Following Hurricane Irene (August 2011), the Halloween Nor’Easter (October 2011), and Hurricane Sandy (October 2012), wetland area decreased by more than 7 km2 compared with average pre-storm extents. We assume that Hurricane Sandy had the greatest impact due to the size and intensity of the storm. However, the cumulative effects of multiple storms within a short time period likely contributed to the greater observed losses in coastal wetlands relative to earlier periods. Five years after Hurricane Sandy, wetland area had not significantly recovered, but more time may be necessary to assess if the observed wetland losses will persist or if new growth within flooded marsh areas will be sufficient for the wetlands to recover to pre-storm extents. Comparisons of long-term and storm-driven wetland changes can lead to improved accuracy of habitat vulnerability models and greater understanding of potential impacts of future storms and SLR to coastal wetlands.
Cartografías literarias: anotaciones a propósito de la novela de migración mexicana

Este articulo examina la representacion de la experiencia migratoria de mexicanos en los Estados Unidos en la novela mexicana del siglo XX y XXI. Como primera parte se plantea una exploracion critica de los aspectos formales, estructurales y tematicos de la llamada literatura de migracion, para despues elaborar un mapa de la produccion novelistica mexicana de tematica migratoria basado no solo en la temporalidad literaria, sino en la interrelacion que las obras guardan con los diversos momentos historicos de la migracion mexicana.
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon hypoplasia: A case report and literature review.

Abstract An 18-year-old female presented with long-standing inability to flex her left thumb. MRI of the left thumb revealed flexor pollicus longus (FPL) tendon hypoplasia, and subsequent ultrasound of the bilateral thumbs confirmed a left-sided hypoplastic FPL tendon. Structural integrity of the left FPL tendon was confirmed during surgical examination under anesthesia. Multiple congenital anomalies of the FPL have been described, but FPL tendon hypoplasia and its appearance on imaging are rarely reported. This case demonstrates the diagnosis of FPL tendon hypoplasia on MRI, ultrasound, and surgical examination under anesthesia; and demonstrates the importance of including this entity in the differential diagnosis for impaired thumb flexion.
Endoscopic techniques for myotomy of the lower esophageal sphincter and pylorus

Purpose of reviewPeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) are minimally invasive endoscopic procedures for the treatment of esophageal motility disorders and refractory gastroparesis, respectively. In this review, we highlight the most recent publications on
Electromagnetic analysis of composite structures subjected to transient magnetic fields

When carbon composites are exposed to a transient electromagnetic field, a rapid temperature increase can be observed due to joule heating from magnetic induction. The electromagnetic induction hea...
Work Motivation and Employment Goals in Later Adulthood

Population aging across the globe has focused increasing attention on work motivation and employment goals among older adults. This chapter examines the psychological foundations of work motivation and lifespan theories of motivation as they affect older adults. Measurement issues, motives, and the psychological mechanisms by which older adults address age-related changes in competencies and life circumstances are reviewed, and a distinction is made between determinants of motivation at work (job engagement) and motivational factors and processes that contribute to employment decision-making (to continue to work, to retire, to seek post-retirement work). Organizational strategies to enhance motivation at work and future research directions are discussed.
Cultural ecosystem services and the well-being of refugee communities

Abstract The growing field of research into cultural ecosystem services (CES) explores nonmaterial benefits that people receive from ecosystems. These studies have, however, largely overlooked refugee communities. To reduce this gap, we systematically review academic literature on refugee interactions with ecosystems to understand what cultural ecosystem services refugees may experience, and how these services affect their well-being. The results identify a broad range of CES that refugees experience, even though studies do not use CES terminology. Benefits include social relations, mental health, cultural heritage, education, recreation, identity, sense of place, aesthetic, spirituality, perspective, and existence value. Results also show that the majority of studies of refugee—ecosystem interactions occur in agricultural ecosystems. Findings suggest that interactions with ecosystems may ease the resettlement process and overall well-being, including mental health, in many ways. These findings enrich understanding of CES experienced by people of diverse (and in this case traumatic) backgrounds and provide practical implications for those who work in the field of refugee resettlement.
S10.1 High rates of curable STIs in low and middle income countries

Background Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of infertility and HIV acquisition. Data on STIs in low and middle income countries (LMIC) are sparse because of syndromic management and lack of testing. PrEP projects which test for STIs provide key epidemiologic data, identify gaps, and should guide policies. Methods PrEP projects are reaching populations at risk of HIV in LMIC, including adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples, and men who have sex with men. STI data from different populations and geographies will be reviewed, and research and intervention gaps will be discussed. Results Among African AGYW in PrEP projects, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and/or Neisseria gonorrhoea (GC) is 30%, most of which is asymptomatic, syphilis is Conclusion The prevalence of curable bacterial STIs is high in PrEP projects among diverse populations in LMIC, most of which are missed by syndromic STI management. STI services are an important reproductive sexual health intervention, are valued by clients, and increase the public health impact of PrEP. Interventions to lower the costs of STI diagnostic assays, point of care tests, and treatment of partners are needed. Innovative STI prevention strategies should be evaluated, including doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccines. STI testing, treatment, and partner services should be integrated into PrEP, medical male circumcision, antenatal care, and HIV care and prevention programs which reach sexually-active persons in LMIC. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Guide to Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

This paper discusses the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition and its use in identifying modes, or structures, in flow data. A specific algorithm based on estimating the cross-spectral density ...
Four Modes of Speech Protection for Algorithms

Computer algorithms probably deserve First Amendment protection in at least some situations. That protection, however, could take at least four forms that have little if anything to do with one another. In this book chapter I weigh in briefly on each of these modes of protection. Courts have held that computational algorithms are in themselves a form of speech. I reject this position. Instead I argue that algorithms are simple objects that become speech only when a speaking person uses them to illustrate a point. But I also reject the contention that algorithms’ inhumanity disqualifies them from producing First Amendment-protected expression. Finally, I offer that certain types of expressive software should receive special shelters under the First Amendment not because they are speech, but because they have special roles to play in creating or fostering it.