cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved EPR study of the photophysics and photochemistry of 1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl)-1-phenyl[6.6]C61.

Time-resolved (TR) EPR was used to study the photophysics and photochemistry of 1-(3-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl)-1-phenyl[6.6]C_(61) (M1). The CW TREPR spectra of M1 in the photoexcited triplet state, frozen in a rigid matrix and in liquid solution at room temperature, were compared with those of ^3C_(60). The introduction of the substituent on C_(60) has a striking effect on the spectra of the triplets, which is attributed to the lifting of the orbital degeneracy by the reduction in symmetry. Fourier transform (FT) EPR was used in an investigation of electron-transfer reactions in liquid solutions mediated by ^3M1. Of particular interest was the system of M1/chloranil (CA)/ perylene (Pe). Photoexcitation of M1 is found to lead to the formation of the chloranil anion radical and the perylene cation radical. From the chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) patterns in the FTEPR spectra and the dependence of the reaction kinetics on reactant concentrations, it was deduced that CA^- is formed by two competing pathways following photoexcitation of M1: (1) direct electron transfer from ^3M1 to CA followed by electron transfer from Pe to M1^+ and (2) energy transfer from ^3M1 to Pe followed by oxidative quenching of ^3Pe by CA. In both pathways, M1 acts as a light-energy harvester and mediator of electron-transfer reactions from Pe to CA without itself being consumed in the process, that is, as a photocatalyst. It is found that the functionalization of C_(60) makes its triplet state a worse electron donor and acceptor, but it has no significant effect on the triplet energy transfer reaction.
Nonlinear signal processor design: a building block approach

A new approach for the design of nonlinear systems (signal processors) based on an entirely new and interesting paradigm is presented in this paper. It is similar in spirit to the neural net paradigm (learn from existing systems) or the object oriented approach that has now become standard in software engineering and, in fact, takes it one step further as explained in the paper. This approach, though very simple, makes complex nonlinear systems design much easier. A number of practical applications are possible and we discuss few such applications. Detailed results will be provided at the conference.
Utility of intraoperative endoscopy: implications for surgical education.

Background The use of intraoperative endoscopy by surgeons can identify pathology and help determine the appropriate procedure to perform. However, residency training in endoscopy is often variable and unstructured. The purpose of this study was to determine the indications for and impact of intraoperative endoscopy performed at the time of general surgical procedures.
Rates of Epiphytic Growth of Erwinia amylovora on Flowers Common in the Landscape

ABSTRACT We evaluated epiphytic growth of the fire blight bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, on flowers of plant species common to landscapes where pears and apples are grown. The plants were from genera regarded as important nectar and pollen sources for pollinating insects: Acer, Amelanchier, Brassica, Cytisus, Populus, Prunus, Rubus, Salix, Taraxacum, Trifolium, and Symphoricarpos. Floral bouquets were inoculated with E. amylovora and incubated in growth chambers at 15°C for 96 h. Regardless of their susceptibility to fire blight, all species from the rose family except Prunus domestica (European plum) supported epiphytic populations of E. amylovora that exceeded 1 × 106 CFU/flower with relative growth rates for the populations that averaged 7% per hour. Nonrosaceous plants were generally poor supporters of epiphytic growth of the fire blight pathogen with relative growth rates averaging <4% per hour. In two seasons of field inoculations, the rosaceous non-disease-host plants, Prunus avium (sweet cherry) an...
Evidence of a new pulse-shortening mechanism in a load-limited MILO

Experimental evidence shows that the electron flow in a load-limited magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is only partially magnetically insulated at the launch point, yet fully insulated along the downstream slow-wave structure (SWS). This results in a microwave pulse duration substantially less than that of the beam. Computer simulations suggest that anode plasma formation is responsible for this pulse shortening and are able to replicate key features of the experimental data.
Optimal control of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory

This paper treats a finite time horizon optimal control problem in which the controlled state dynamics are governed by a general system of stochastic functional differential equations with a bounded memory. An infinite dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is derived using a Bellman-type dynamic programming principle. It is shown that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the HJB equation.
Dynamic quasi-decentralized control of networked process systems with limited measurements

This work presents a quasi-decentralized networked control structure with a dynamic communication logic for plants with limited state measurements and interconnected units that exchange information over a shared, resource-constrained communication network. Initially, an observer-based output feedback controller is synthesized for each unit, and Lyapunov techniques are used to explicitly characterize the closed-loop stability properties of each unit under continuous communication. This characterization is then used as the basis for developing a dynamic communication strategy that keeps the information transfer between the local control systems to a minimum without jeopardizing closed-loop stability. The key idea is to monitor the evolution of the observer-generated state estimates locally within each unit and suspend communication for as long as the expected stability threshold is met. During periods of communication suspension, each control system relies on a set of models that provide estimates of the states of the neighboring units. At times when the stability threshold is breached, communication is re-established and the neighboring units are prompted to send their data over the network to update the models. The stability threshold is determined using Lyapunov techniques and can be tightened or relaxed by proper controller and observer tuning. Finally, the stability and performance properties of the dynamic networked control structure are illustrated using a chemical plant example.
“The Alcohol Just Pissed Me Off”: Views About How Alcohol and Marijuana Influence Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration, Results of a Qualitative Study

This exploratory study was designed to examine the beliefs of youth users of alcohol and marijuana about the connections between their substance use and dating violence perpetration. Eighteen youth (ages 14-20 years old), who were primarily of Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, participated in in-depth interviews about times when they had perpetrated dating violence. They were asked to reflect on whether and how they felt that alcohol and/or marijuana may have contributed. Responses coalesced around four major themes, which were that users believed that (a) Alcohol escalates minor conflict; (b) Alcohol exacerbates feelings of irritation and anger; (c) Marijuana reduces feelings of irritation and anger; and (d) Substances are used to cope with conflict-related stress. We conclude that momentary event-level research that investigates the immediate influence of alcohol and marijuana use on dating violence perpetration is needed and that dating violence prevention interventions should consider addressing substance use and substance-aggression expectancies. Language: en
A Model-Based Method for Identifying Species Hybrids Using Multilocus Genetic Data

We present a statistical method for identifying species hybrids using data on multiple, unlinked markers. The method does not require that allele frequencies be known in the parental species nor that separate, pure samples of the parental species be available. The method is suitable for both markers with fixed allelic differences between the species and markers without fixed differences. The probability model used is one in which parentals and various classes of hybrids (F 1 9s, F 2 9s, and various backcrosses) form a mixture from which the sample is drawn. Using the framework of Bayesian model-based clustering allows us to compute, by Markov chain Monte Carlo, the posterior probability that each individual belongs to each of the distinct hybrid classes. We demonstrate the method on allozyme data from two species of hybridizing trout, as well as on two simulated data sets.
Importance of the Brain Angiotensin System in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) has become a major health problem affecting 1.5% of the world's population over 65 years of age. As life expectancy has increased so has the occurrence of PD. The primary direct consequence of this disease is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum. As the intensity of motor dysfunction increases, the symptomatic triad of bradykinesia, tremors-at-rest, and rigidity occur. Progressive neurodegeneration may also impact non-DA neurotransmitter systems including cholinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic, often leading to the development of depression, sleep disturbances, dementia, and autonomic nervous system failure. L-DOPA is the most efficacious oral delivery treatment for controlling motor symptoms; however, this approach is ineffective regarding nonmotor symptoms. New treatment strategies are needed designed to provide neuroprotection and encourage neurogenesis and synaptogenesis to slow or reverse this disease process. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor system is a member of the growth factor family and has been shown to protect against degeneration of DA neurons in animal models. Recently, small angiotensin-based blood-brain barrier penetrant mimetics have been developed that activate this HGF/c-Met system. These compounds may offer a new and novel approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Jiha/Tropos-Mādda/Hūlē Distinction in Arabic Logic and its Significance for Avicenna’s Modals

The word, tropos, translated in Arabic as jiha, is understood in the field of logic as mode. Though investigations of modals in the medieval Arabo-Islamic logical tradition trace their lineage back to Aristotle, the Greek word designating this concept was never used in this manner by the Stagirite. The closest word that the Arabic jiha translates from Greek is tropos, which was a technical term that gradually developed with Aristotle’s commentators. The word came to be understood as part of a dichotomy, tropos-hulc, which was inherited by the Arabs as jiha-mādda This dichotomy seems to have become a determining factor for conversion rules of modal propositions and thus for modal syllogistic. After an investigation outlining the evolution of the term tropos and the development of the dichotomy tropos-hulc in the Commentary tradition of modal logic, the article presents philological evidence for their influence on Avicenna. It then briefly discuss the ramifications of this influence for his modal conversion rules and syllogistic. In sum, the article argues that the jiha-mādda (tropos-hulc) division was part of a larger dichotomy that allowed Avicenna to construe propositions in various ways. How he understood a given proposition determined the validity of its conversion and so of its place in his modal syllogistic.
2 nd generation embedded DRAM with 4X lower self refresh power in 22nm Tri-Gate CMOS technology

2 nd generation 1Gbit 2GHz Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) with 4X lower self refresh power compared to prior generation is developed in 22nm Tri-Gate CMOS technology. Retention time has been improved by 3X (300us@95°C) by process and design optimizations. Source synchronous clocking is integrated in the design to reduce clock power without penalizing bandwidth. Charge pump power is reduced by 4X by employing comparator based regulation. Temperature controlled refresh enables minimum refresh power at all temperature conditions.
The power of aspirations and expectations: the connection between educational goals and risk behaviors among african american adolescents

Numerous studies and interventions have been designed to either reduce the prevalence of risky behaviors (substance use, sexual activity, etc.) or increase the level of educational activity for adolescents. Research suggests that these two constructs may be related yet little is known about this relationship among African American youth. Archival data from the Risk Reduction Project was used to explore the connection between the protective factors of educational aspirations/expectations and recent participation in risky behavior. Results suggest that recent use of marijuana, alcohol to the point of intoxication, and sexual activity predicted lower aspirations and expectations among African American youth. From a positive youth development perspective, this study suggests the development of holistic interventions that build educational assets in youth, in addition to working to minimize risk behaviors. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Recovery of function after neonatal or adult hemispherectomy in cats. II. Limb bias and development, paw usage, locomotion and rehabilitative effects of exercise

To investigate the relationship of age-related processes in the recovery of complex motor functions of the limbs, a variety of neurobehavioral assessments were applied to cats with either neonatal (n = 9) or adult (n = 11) removal of the entire left hemitelencephalon (hemispherectomy). Neonatal-lesioned kittens showed no paw preference in reaching for a manipulandum between 5 and 8 weeks of age; thereafter they developed a preference (5.6%) for the unimpaired left limb which persisted throughout adulthood. Adult-lesioned cats showed a significantly greater left bias (13.9%) than neonatal-lesioned cats and they exhibited more abnormal movements and postures when reaching with the impaired limb. Exercising the impaired limb, was effective in reversing the paw preference bias in all lesioned cats. To master a food retrieval task with the impaired limb, adult-lesioned cats required more trials than the neonatal-lesioned group, extensive food deprivation and at least 1 month of postsurgical recovery. However, after mastering this task all cats could continue to perform it indefinitely in their home cages. In a paw print analysis of locomotion, only adult-lesioned cats showed abnormalities including splayed paws, decreased stride length, and adduction of the right hind limb. The results support the 'Kennard Principle' of enhanced recovery following neonatal vs late brain lesions for the present complex motor patterns and are interpreted in the context of neural plasticity and anatomical reorganization during development.
Analyzing massive astrophysical datasets: Can Pig/Hadoop or a relational DBMS help?

As the datasets used to fuel modern scientific discovery grow increasingly large, they become increasingly difficult to manage using conventional software. Parallel database management systems (DBMSs) and massive-scale data processing systems such as MapReduce hold promise to address this challenge. However, since these systems have not been expressly designed for scientific applications, their efficacy in this domain has not been thoroughly tested. In this paper, we study the performance of these engines in one specific domain: massive astrophysical simulations. We develop a use case that comprises five representative queries. We implement this use case in one distributed DBMS and in the Pig/Hadoop system. We compare the performance of the tools to each other and to hand-written IDL scripts. We find that certain representative analyses are easy to express in each engine's highlevel language and both systems provide competitive performance and improved scalability relative to current IDL-based methods.
The discovery of circadian clock genes and the use of similar strategies to discover unknown genes underlying complex behaviors and brain disorders

Over just the past few years, tremendous progress has been made in unraveling the molecular basis of the circadian clock in mammals. This success has been primarily due to an approach whereby mutations are induced randomly in the germ line and the offspring of the mutagenized animals are tested for abnormal circadian phenotype. Circadian clock genes have been discovered this way in both fruit flies and mice and it is now clear that most, if not all clock genes show homology between flies and mammals, including humans. This 'forward genetics' approach is a powerful tool for uncovering genes which underline complex behaviors and brain disorders. Even when a complex neural function involves many, many genes, mutating just one of these genes can have pronounced effects on the expressed behavior and can lead to the discovery of other genes, and their protein products, that interact directly or indirectly with the mutated gene.
Sequential probability assignment via online convex programming using exponential families

This paper considers the problem of sequential assignment of probabilities (likelihoods) to elements of an individual sequence using an exponential family of probability distributions. We draw upon recent work on online convex programming to devise an algorithm that does not require computing posterior distributions given all current observations, involves simple primal-dual parameter updates, and achieves minimax per-round regret against slowly varying product distributions with marginals drawn from the same exponential family. We validate the theory on synthetic data drawn from a time-varying distribution over binary vectors of high dimensionality.
Sirsasana (headstand) technique alters head/ neck loading: Considerations for safety

Abstract Background This study examined the weight-bearing responsibility of the head and neck at moments of peak force during three headstand techniques. Methods Three matched groups of 15 each (18–60 years old) were formed based upon lower limb entry/exit technique: symmetrical extended, symmetrical flexed, and asymmetrical flexed. All 45 practitioners performed 3 headstands. Kinematics and kinetics were analyzed to locate peak forces acting on the head, loading rate, center of pressure (COP) and cervical alignment. Findings During entry, symmetrical extended leg position trended towards the lowest loads as compared to asymmetrical or symmetrical flexed legs (Cohen's d = 0.53 and 0.39 respectively). Also, symmetrical extended condition produced slower loading rates and more neutral cervical conditions during loading. Interpretation Subjects loaded the head with maximums of 40–48% of total body weight. The data support the conclusion that entering the posture with straight legs together may reduce the load and the rate of change of that load.
Social Capital and Knowledge Sharing as Determinants of Academic Performance

Many researchers argue that career success of various individuals can be attributed to the effective use of social capital. Social capital theory proposes that the network of relationships support the people in performing social affairs and advancing in their careers. A considerable body of knowledge exists that examines the role social capital plays in the success of individuals and organizations. However, not many have focused on the social capital development process in the higher education institutions. This understanding is vital because higher educational institutions are the breeding grounds of the behaviors that help the students to excel in their professional lives. Current study empirically examines the relationship between social capital and knowledge sharing, and how knowledge sharing impacts academic performance. For this purpose multiple linear regression analysis has been performed. The results of the analysis highlight various aspects of the relationship between social capital, knowledge sharing and academic performance. Understanding how students learn to share knowledge in their respective social networks and the motivation behind this knowledge sharing, can help the university authorities in identifying the steps that can facilitate the process of knowledge sharing which in turn can lead to enhancement in the quality of the learning process.
Metabolomic and Gene Expression Profiles Exhibit Modular Genetic and Dietary Structure Linking Metabolic Syndrome Phenotypes in Drosophila

Genetic and environmental factors influence complex disease in humans, such as metabolic syndrome, and Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model in which to test these factors experimentally. Here we explore the modularity of endophenotypes with an in-depth reanalysis of a previous study by Reed et al. (2014), where we raised 20 wild-type genetic lines of Drosophila larvae on four diets and measured gross phenotypes of body weight, total sugar, and total triglycerides, as well as the endophenotypes of metabolomic and whole-genome expression profiles. We then perform new gene expression experiments to test for conservation of phenotype-expression correlations across different diets and populations. We find that transcript levels correlated with gross phenotypes were enriched for puparial adhesion, metamorphosis, and central energy metabolism functions. The specific metabolites L-DOPA and N-arachidonoyl dopamine make physiological links between the gross phenotypes across diets, whereas leucine and isoleucine thus exhibit genotype-by-diet interactions. Between diets, we find low conservation of the endophenotypes that correlate with the gross phenotypes. Through the follow-up expression study, we found that transcript-trait correlations are well conserved across populations raised on a familiar diet, but on a novel diet, the transcript-trait correlations are no longer conserved. Thus, physiological canalization of metabolic phenotypes breaks down in a novel environment exposing cryptic variation. We cannot predict the physiological basis of disease in a perturbing environment from profiles observed in the ancestral environment. This study demonstrates that variation for disease traits within a population is acquired through a multitude of physiological mechanisms, some of which transcend genetic and environmental influences, and others that are specific to an individual’s genetic and environmental context.
Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention on Mood and Neurological Disorders

This group study explored how an intervention of diet and lifestyle, including a vegan diet, fruit and vegetable juicing, nutritional supplements, regular exercise, and destressing techniques, would affect 27 subjects with anxiety, depression, poor memory, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, history of stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Several subjects had overlapping conditions. Videotaped testimonials were obtained describing subjective results. Testimonials stated multiple benefits across all conditions addressed by the study, with subjects often reporting substantial benefits. These results demonstrate that an intervention of diet, juicing, supplements, exercise, and lifestyle may provide considerable benefits for all conditions addressed.
Microscopic View of Nucleation in the Anatase-to-Rutile Transformation

We use molecular simulation techniques to investigate the anatase-to-rutile transformation in TiO2 nanocrystals. A thermodynamic analysis indicates that edge and corner atoms significantly influence the critical size at which rutile nanocrystals become energetically preferred over anatase. We use molecular dynamics simulations to probe kinetics of the transformation in individual anatase nanocrystals as well as in nanocrystal aggregates. We follow structural evolution using simulated X-ray diffraction. Additionally, we develop a local order parameter to distinguish individual Ti ions as anatase, rutile, or anatase {112} twin-like. We apply our local order parameter to track the formation and growth of rutile nuclei. Anatase {112} twins form easily at surfaces and interfaces of nanocrystal aggregates, and we observe that rutile forms among the twins. Stable rutile nuclei maintain {101} facets during growth as a result of nucleation from layers of alternating anatase {112} twins. Our results are in agreemen...
Stability rsearch on storage of camellia oil and analysis with HLPC

The effects of temperature and light on the oxidation of camellia oil were investigated by the peroxide value and acid value as the index.The polyphenol(Gallic acid,3,4-dihydroxy phenylacetic acid,Quercetin)were tested for their antioxidation properties in camellia oil by Schaal oven storage(62 ℃±1 ℃) according to peroxide value,respectively,The polyphenols were determined SPE-HPLC.The results showed that the oxidative reactions of camellia oil could be significantly accelerated by high temperature and illumination.Polyphenol can improve the oxidation stability of camellia oil,Antioxidation activity of them could be improved with more addition of extract.The effect order was 3,4-dihydroxy phenylacetic acidquercetingallic acid.
Comparison of the yield of transthoracic needle aspiration and core biopsy between pulmonologist and radiologist in a community practice.

Vol XV N.o 1 Janeiro/Fevereiro 2009 Resumo A puncao aspirativa transtoracica (PATT) e biopsia transtoracica por agulha sao realizadas por pneumologistas e por radiologistas de intervencao. Actualmente, muito poucos internatos de pneumologia obrigam ao treino desta tecnica. Os autores decidiram comparar a rentabilidade e as complicacoes da tecnica quando realizadas por pneumologistas e por radiologistas de intervencao. Realizaram uma analise retrospectiva entre 2003 e 2007 de todos os exames realizados por internos de pneumologia supervisionados e por pneumologistas, comparando com os exames realizados por radiologistas de intervencao. Foram incluidos no estudo 35 doentes, 19 no grupo dos pneumologistas e 16 no grupo dos radiologistas de intervencao. Nao houve diferencas no campo das complicacoes entre os dois grupos; quanto a rentabilidade diagnostica, no grupo dos pneumologistas foi de 63% e no grupo dos radiologistas de intervencao de 69%. As doencas malignas foram o diagnostico mais frequente (70%). A biopsia transtoracica por agulha foi usada em 21% dos casos no grupo dos pneumologistas e em 50% dos casos do grupo dos radiologistas de intervencao. A rentabilidade diagnostica aumentou quando as duas tecnicas foram combinadas (75% para 61%, respectivamente). A presenca do patologista so se verificou no grupo dos exames realizados pelos pneumologistas. Neste grupo, os autores concluiram que as complicacoes eram sobreponiveis nos dois grupos de trabalho e que a combinacao das duas tecnicas aumentava a rentabilidade. A biopsia transtoracica por agulha foi considerada uma tecnica da maior importância porque aumenta o campo de diagnostico, evitando outros meios mais invasivos e com maior risco. Os autores propoem que o treino destas tecnicas continue ou seja reactivado em todos os internatos de pneumologia, desenvolvendo programas para manter a capacidade dos pneumologistas que a realizam a treinar os novos pneumologistas na realizacao das mesmas. Comparacao entre a puncao aspirativa transtoracica e a biopsia transtoracica realizada por pneumologistas e por radiologistas na pratica clinica
Effectiveness of manual therapy for cervical radiculopathy, a review

Manual therapy is often used for patients with neck pain with or without radicular symptoms. There is sparse evidence on the effectiveness in cervical radiculopathy. The aim of this study was to assess current levels of evidence on the effectiveness of manual therapy interventions for patients with cervical radiculopathy. Electronic data bases were systematically searched for clinical guidelines, reviews and randomised clinical trials (RCTs) reporting on the effectiveness of manual therapy for patients with cervical radiculopathy. Eight relevant reviews, two guidelines and two recent RCTs, that had not yet been included in either, were retrieved. The overall quality of the evidence of included studies was evaluated using the GRADE method. Most interventions were only studied in one single RCT. There is low level evidence that cervical manipulation and mobilisation as unimodal interventions are effective on pain and range of motion at the immediate follow up, but no evidence on the effectiveness of thoracic manipulation or mobilisation as unimodal interventions. There is low level evidence that a combination of spinal mobilisation and motor control exercises is more effective on pain and activity limitations than separate interventions or a wait-and-see policy. There is low level evidence of the effectiveness of cervical mobilisation with a neurodynamical intent as unimodal intervention, on the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention with neurodynamic intent on pain activity limitations and global perceived effect compared to a wait-and-see policy. There is also low level evidence that a multimodal intervention consisting of spinal and neurodynamic mobilisations and specific exercises is effective on pain in patients with CR. There is low level evidence that traction is no more effective than placebo traction.
Response of Novel Skeletal Muscle Biomarkers in Dogs to Drug-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury or Sustained Endurance Exercise

The skeletal muscle (SKM) injury biomarkers, skeletal troponin I (sTnI), myosin light chain 3 (Myl3), and creatine kinase muscle isoform (Ckm) have been shown recently to be more sensitive and specific for monitoring drug-induced SKM injury than the conventional biomarkers, aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymatic assays in rat toxicology studies. To evaluate the utility of these SKM biomarkers across species, they were assessed in 2 dog models: a drug-induced injury study in Beagle dogs and a 160 km endurance exercise run completed by Alaskan sled dogs. In the drug-induced injury model, mean sTnI and Myl3 plasma levels were 6- and 18-fold, respectively, compared with baseline as early as Study Day (SD) 15, while mean plasma AST and CK levels did not increase, and biopsy samples were non-remarkable for histopathology prior to SD 29 when degeneration was first noted. Peak group mean plasma responses over baseline for sTnI, Myl3, and Ckm biomarkers were 96-, 103-, and 11-fold, respectively, compared with 2.5-fold for AST and 3.8-fold for CK-enzymatic (CK-enz) assay. In the sled dog sustained exercise model, the peak response for all biomarkers was observed at the first sampling (2 h) after the completion of the run. The sTnI, Myl3, and Ckm mean fold peak values compared with baseline were 170-, 120-, and 150-fold, respectively, while AST increased 7-fold and CK-enz increased 29-fold. These findings support the conclusion that sTnI, Myl3, and Ckm are sensitive early tissue leakage biomarkers for monitoring SKM injury and effects of exercise in dog, extending their utility across preclinical species beyond the rat, and provide further support to investigate their translational utility to clinical trial settings to monitor for drug-induced SKM injury and ensure patient safety.
Leveraging cloud computing to convert the non-intrusive load monitor into a powerful framework for grid-responsive buildings

This paper describes how the non-intrusive load monitoring technique can be applied to develop a powerful framework for grid-responsive buildings, particularly in the small commercial and residential sector. Specifically, recent advances have made it cost-effective to monitor a number of electrical circuits in a building using low-cost embedded platforms that can send their data to cloud-computing and data-storage services. This approach significantly reduces the effort required to deploy and commission monitoring solutions, specifically because the cloud allows one to create a large library of load patterns and it provides a powerful platform for computation. This approach thus solves one of the major challenges in power monitoring and energy management, which has been the development of robust unsupervised learning algorithms that eliminate the need for costly human involvement. The cloud also provides an opportunity to learn fault patterns and to predict the performance of individual building systems. This paper describes the unsupervised training that can be performed in the cloud using intuition about the underlying physics of major load devices. It also describes how load on-off patterns can be used for fault detection as well as load prediction and control and the deployment of powerful algorithms for a large data set obtained across a large portfolio is discussed.
Presence of Dysregulated Immune Recovery (IMD) Following Autotransplant May Change the Type of Predominant Serum Light Chain and Elevate the Level in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM).

Abstract 4870 It is well recognized that there is a period of transient mono- or oligo-clonal predominance of certain classes of immunoglobulins (Ig) following blood stem cell transplant due to limited repertoire of regenerating B lymphocytes. The phenomenon sometimes becomes a source of confusion for assessing response in MM patients after transplant. In the study, we sought to determine whether the IMD changes the type of predominant serum light chain or elevates the level, thereby making interpretations of the serum free light chain assay difficult. The study includes 53 MM patients (median age 60, range 37 – 77 years) who were uniformly treated, between September 2006 and May 2009, with induction chemotherapy, autotransplant following high-dose melphalan-based ablative therapy and post-transplant maintenance. Both conventional serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and the polyclonal antisera-based free light chain assay of the Binding Site (FLC assay) were serially obtained before and after transplant up to one year, at least once every 2 weeks. IMD is defined by an appearance of new mono- or oligo-clonal Ig in serum that later disappeared spontaneously. 24 patients had Ig G, 12 Ig A, 13 light chain only and 4 nonsecretory MM. 18 of 53 patients (34%) showed IMD in a median onset of 44 days (range 22 to 182) from the 1 st autotransplant, and 7 of 23 (30%) in 64 days (range 52 to 230) following the 2 nd autotransplant. The median duration of IMD was 51 (range 12 to 194) and 48 (range 15 to 318) days, following the 1 st and 2 nd transplant, respectively. Of the combined total of 25 cases with IMD, 18 (72%) showed Ig G kappa and Ig G lambda biclonal bands and 7 (28%) other monoclonal Ig, respectively. There was no case of different light chain only gammopathy. At the time of IMD following the 1 st transplant, 2 showed normal and 16 abnormal FLC assays. Of the 16, 3 showed different types of predominant light chains from that of the diagnosis, and 13 similar types. Following the 2 nd transplant, all 7 cases showed similar type of light chains. Of the 25 cases of IMD in the combined 76 cases of transplant, 22 cases were associated with the similar type of light chains whereas there were only 3 cases (12%) of different light chain predominance. There was no case of a different type of predominant light chain associated with the non-IMD cases (Fisher9s Exact test, p = 0.01). Of the 22 cases of IMD associated with the similar type of light chain, 5 (20%) showed transient elevations in the light chain level > 2 x the pre-IMD values, with the median duration of elevations of 28 (range 7 to 64) days. The current study suggests that if IMD is suspected following transplant by SPEP, careful observation for at least a month but no immediate re-evaluation of disease status may be indicated even when the type or level of light chain changed. Further study is necessary to confirm the findings. Disclosures Myint: Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding.
Abstract 547: TGFß Response Coupled to Stress Signaling by TGRL Lipolysis in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Elevation of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) in the postprandial state is associated with increased endothelial cell inflammation and dysfunction potentially contributing to atherosclerosis. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that lipolysis products of TGRL induced endothelial cell barrier permeability, up-regulation of cytokines and adhesion molecules, and apoptosis. Gene array studies implicated the Stress Associated Protein Kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathway and identified the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as highly induced in this process. Additional studies demonstrated activation of second messengers for transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling (SMAD2/SMAD4) in response to lipolysis product treatment. In the present study, we asked whether TGFβ signaling was implicated in the induction of apoptosis by lipolysis products and whether there was a linkage between TGFβ receptor activation and pro-inflammatory responses. siRNA knockdown of ATF3 transcription abrogated both IL-8 and E-selectin up-regulation in lipolysis product-treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). In addition, ATF3 knockdown prevented activation of caspase 3/7 and induction of p53, markers of apoptosis. Inhibition of the TGFβ Type I activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors (ALKs 4, 5 and 7) by SB 431542 (10 μM) also inhibited inflammatory up-regulation, ATF3 induction and apoptosis. Both ATF3 knockdown and TGFβ receptor blockade prevented c-Jun phosphorylation, a co-activating transcription factor with ATF3 of AP-1 transcription sites. Our findings implicate TGFβ signaling in the inflammatory and apoptotic responses to TGRL lipolysis and suggest a complex interaction between TGFβ receptors and the SAPK subset of MAP Kinases.
The remote sensing data from your UAV probably isn't scientific, but it should be!

The application of unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs), or "drones", to generate data to support better decisions for agricultural management and farm operations is a relatively new technology that is now beginning to enter the market. This potentially disruptive technology is still in its infancy and must mature in ways that the current market cannot clearly foresee and probably does not fully understand. Major technical and regulatory hurdles must be overcome before the full potential of this remote sensing technology can be realized in agricultural applications. Further, and most importantly, buyers and sellers in today’s market must both gain a deeper understanding of the potential that this technology might achieve and the technical challenges that must be met before advances that will bring significant market value will be possible. A lack of understanding of some of the basic concepts of remote sensing can translate into poor decisions regarding the acquisition and deployment of UAVs in agriculture. This paper focuses on some of the details of remote sensing that few growers, and, indeed, few university researchers fully understand.
Beam wander due to optical turbulence in water (Conference Presentation)

Optical methods to communicate or sense in the ocean environment can be effected inhomogeneities in the index of refraction called optical turbulence. Beam wander introduced by optical turbulence is of particular interest for optical means relying on the propagation of a well-defined laser beam such as free space communication and laser line scan. Here we present a comprehensive study of beam propagation simulations, lab experiments, and field measurements of laser beams propagating through varying degrees of optical turbulence. For the computational part of the investigation a true end to end simulation was performed. Starting with a CFD simulation of Rayleigh–Benard convection the temperature fields where converted to index of refraction phase screens which then where used to simulate the propagation of a focused Gaussian laser beam via the split-step Fourier method. Lab experiments where conducted using the same parameters as in the simulation using a good quality TEM00 beam and a CCD camera to record data. For the field experiments a Telescoping Ridged Underwater Sensor Structure (TRUSS) was equipped with a transmitter and a receiver capable of analyzing a multitude of laser beams simultaneously. The TRUSS was deployed in the Bahamas to record beam wander under weak optical turbulence conditions above and stronger optical turbulence conditions inside the thermocline. The data from the experimental and lab experiments are compared and the strength of the optical turbulence in terms of the structure parameter Cn2 are extracted. We also extract Cn2 from the TRUSS experiments and in doing so provide, for the first time, a quantitative estimate for the strength of optical turbulence in the ocean.
Boosting the energy efficiency and power performance of neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have stood out as a promising RFB technology for sustainable and safe energy storage. It is critical to improve their energy efficiency and power density to meet fast charge/discharge responses in the application of large scale electrochemical energy storage. Herein we show a systematic study on the effects of ion exchange membranes and supporting electrolytes on the resistance and electrochemical performance of a neutral AORFB, the FcNCl/MV AORFB, where FcNCl is (ferrocenylmethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and MV is methyl viologen dichloride. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies revealed that the membrane and the supporting electrolyte are the primary and secondary components accountable for the resistance and charge/discharge overpotential of the neutral AORFB. With an optimized combination of the membrane and the supporting electrolyte, unprecedented energy efficiency and power density of 85% at 40 mA cm−2 and 79% at 60 mA cm−2 and 122.7 mW cm−2 were achieved for the neutral AORFB. The present results emphasize the importance of minimizing battery resistance, and also further advance the promise of neutral AORFBs for sustainable and green energy storage of renewable energy.
Case 17: Hasty C-Arm Positioning – A Recipe for Disaster

You have anesthetized an otherwise healthy man for a neurosurgical procedure. He is 54 years old, weighs 110 kg, and is 6 feet in height. He is placed in a left lateral position. The surgeon is in a bit of a rush, and before the patient is appropriately secured, the surgeon moves the C-arm into position over the operating room (OR) table (Skyton 3100, John Cudia & Ass. Morgan Hill, CA 95037). Suddenly the table is now going into a full left lateral tilt without you or anybody touching the table control situated at the head of the table. You grab the patient’s head and the endotracheal tube and call for help. The surgeon and nurses, with outstretched hands, prevent the patient from hitting the floor. They call for a gurney as the table is still moving toward a full left lateral tilt.
Visibility of the ovaries and breasts: an analysis of Angelina Jolie’s medical announcements

Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer; yet public knowledge about the disease is limited. This essay critically examines the limited visibility of ovarian cancer us...
An early system-level thermal analysis methodology for advanced electronic subsystems

Growing markets like automotive, IoT and networking are pushing the reliability requirements of electronic components present in them to extreme levels. Such applications require specialized ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) to process of huge amounts of data in extreme environments over extended periods of time, or for almost continuous use over shorter periods. While predicting the functional behavior of such complex System on Chip (SoC) and systems requires significant verification effort with help of extensive simulations and emulations, power-thermal reliability is another key area of focus for such applications. In this paper, we describe a methodology where we can leverage the functional simulation and emulation data to perform fast power profiling and describe how this can further be used to perform transient thermal analysis in complex SoCs. This data can then be used for guiding the physical design of the SoC, optimizing the software stack and estimate the cooling requirements for the entire system.
Development of Electronic Chemotherapy Roadmaps for Pediatric Oncology Patients

A chemotherapy roadmap is a summary of the chemotherapy plan for a pediatric oncology patient. Chemotherapy roadmaps exist as paper documents for most, if not all, pediatric oncology programs. Paper chemotherapy roadmaps are associated with risks that can negatively affect the safety of the chemotherapy process. This institution explored the feasibility of converting paper chemotherapy roadmaps into an electronic form. The pediatric information systems team developed an innovative computer application that can generate electronic chemotherapy roadmaps, and the pediatric oncology program established a novel workflow that can operationalize them. Electronic chemotherapy roadmaps have been produced for 36 treatment protocols, and 369 electronic chemotherapy roadmaps have been used for 352 pediatric oncology patients. They have functioned as designed and have not had any unintended effects. In the 5 years after their implementation, the average proportion of patient safety events involving paper or electronic chemotherapy roadmaps decreased by 78.7%. This report is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of creating and implementing electronic chemotherapy roadmaps. Continued expansion of the current library will be necessary to formally test the hypothesis that electronic chemotherapy roadmaps can decrease the risks associated with their paper counterparts and increase the safety of the chemotherapy process.
Three factor authentication

Authentication, security, and confidentiality are some of the most important topics of cyber security. There have been many solutions presented to users for strengthening the security of login password-based authentication methods. Primarily this has been through the use of two-factor authentication methods. Two-factor authentication is the combination of single factor authentication mechanisms. The growing popularity and acceptance of two-factor methods are driven by the increasing need for privacy and security in this technological age. The success and popularity of adapted security measures are largely dependent on their ease of implementation and convenience to the user. The focus of this research is to address and analyze the implications of using a three-factor authentication model for added security in websites and mobile apps. This paper will present an app we created which could provide a potential method for three-factor authentication that could potentially ensure added authentication assurances without loss of convenience.