cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Olivine-normative dolerite dikes from western South Carolina: Mineralogy, chemical composition and petrogenesis

This investigation describes five Mesozoic dolerite dikes which intrude Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Inner Piedmont of western South Carolina. The dikes are vertical or nearly so and strike approximately N40° W. Three major northeast-trending faults also occur in the study area. Left lateral displacement of one dolerite is documented at a locality near Cleveland, South Carolina. Elsewhere, several of the dolerite dikes appear to terminate at or near the faults. — The dolerite dikes have subophitic to microporphyritic textures and consist principally of plagioclase (generally An70–80), olivine (dominantly Fo80–90) and augite with subordinate pigeonite, titanomagnetite, chromite and brown, partly glassy mesostasis. In one dike pyroxene compositions trend from augite to ferroaugite in contrast to an augite→subcalcic augite→pigeonite trend characteristic of the other dolerites. The contrasting trends primarily result from differences in SiO2 abundance in the dolerite magmas. — Major and trace element analyses indicate the presence of two different olivine-normative dolerite magma types. The two magma types are not related by near surface crystal fractionation. Models for genesis of the olivine-normative dolerite magmas by partial melting of a plagioclase peridotite upper mantle source region are presented. The models require that the source region be enriched in LREE and incompatible elements such as Rb, Ba, Hf and Th relative to Cl chondritic abundances. One magma type appears to represent a primary dolerite magma that ascended from the source region with little subsequent compositional change. The second magma type most likely experienced assimilation of clinopyroxene-garnet (eclogite) during ascent, thereby acquiring a REE pattern with a less steep negative slope for the LREE and a slight positive slope in the HREE.
Analysis of the Core Power Response During a PWR Rod Ejection Transient Using the PARCS Nodal Code and the DeCART MOC Code

The current state of the art in the analysis of a control rod ejection event in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) relies on homogenization methods in which the assembly-averaged power from a whole-...
Quantitative Analysis of Fluid Interface-Atomic Force Microscopy.

Net repulsive interactions between n-hexadecane and a poly-styrene microsphere in aqueous solutions are measured with atomic force microscopy and interpreted using the augmented Young–Laplace equation. The true separation between probe and fluid interface is implicitly computed from the force–distance data, providing a more accurate description of drop or bubble deformation. Experiments and theoretical arguments demonstrate that a fluid interface stiffens with increasing deformation and is not accurately treated as a Hookean spring. The unexpected stability of the draining aqueous film between hydrophobic bodies in electrolyte solutions is explained primarily by the deformation of the oil drop in response to the applied normal force, as well as the increased hydrodynamic resistance due to the increased drainage area.
Mechanism of ulcer pain and significance of pain patterns.

A clear understanding of pain patterns in peptic ulcer and their clinical significance often enables the physician to determine the severity of the ulcer, whether or not it has penetrated into an adjacent viscus, and to decide upon appropriate treatment including the need for hospitalization and for surgical intervention. The mechanisms of ulcer pain have been discussed and the types of pain described.
Glacial demise and methane's rise

The historical sciences—geology, archeology, and cosmology—test hypotheses differently than the experimental, laboratory sciences. When the process or event being investigated took place long ago or at a great distance from the investigators, hypotheses are tested by assembling key data that can support or refute the likelihood of the proposed explanation. In this way, we have developed understanding and agreement on many major events in Earth history, such as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction or the glacial–interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene epoch. A consilience of findings is required, and in a mechanistic, causative model, timing is of critical importance. If a key factor in the explanation can be shown to have occurred at a time inconsistent with the model—too early or too late—the hypothesis has to be modified or rejected. In PNAS, Reyes and Cooke (1) apply a refined dating approach to assess the timing of deglacial environmental change across the high-latitude circumpolar Arctic and its relation to increases in a major atmospheric greenhouse gas, methane. In their study, these investigators use improved methods for presentation and interpretation of the initiation dates for a very large dataset of Arctic peatland, tundra, and thermokarst sites to demonstrate that their development occurred too late to be the principal cause of impressively abrupt and large methane increases in atmospheric methane abundance at the beginning of the Bolling and the end of the Younger Dryas climatic intervals of the last deglaciation (2).
Identification of structural systems by neural networks

Abstract A method based on the use of neural networks is developed for the identification of systems encountered in the field of structural dynamics. The methodology is applied to the identification of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems such as the damped Duffing oscillator and the Van der Pol equation. The “generalization” ability of the neural networks is used to predict the response of the identified systems under deterministic and stochastic excitations. It is shown that neural networks provide high fidelity models of unknown structural dynamic systems, which are used in applications such as structural control, health monitoring of structures, earthquake engineering, etc.
Improvement in obstructive sleep apnea in the supine knees-up position.

We report a 38-year-old man with obstructive sleep apnea whose sleep-disordered breathing was substantially reduced by sleep in the supine, “knees-up” position, relative to his sleep in the customary supine, “knees-down” position. No obvious anatomic or pathophysiologic alterations explained this phenomenon. The effect was reproducible in the patient 4 years later. Potential mechanisms underlying such improvement, including alterations in upper airway/lung volume dependence and venous supply to upper airway vasculature, are discussed. This manipulation could be an important adjunctive treatment for a subset of obstructive sleep apnea patients demonstrating such an effect.
Screening for sugar and ethanol processing characteristics from anatomical fractions of wheat stover

Abstract Due to concerns with stover collection systems, soil sustainability, and processing costs to produce ethanol, there are opportunities to investigate the optimal plant fractions to collect. Wheat stover fractions were separated by hand and analyzed for glucan, xylan, acid-soluble lignin, acid-insoluble lignin, and ash composition. Internodes had the highest glucan content (38.2% zero percent moisture basis) and the other fractions varied between 29.9% and 33.4%. The stover fractions were pretreated with either 0%, 0.4%, or 0.8% NaOH for 2 h at room temperature, washed, autoclaved, and saccharified. In addition, acid pretreated samples underwent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) to ethanol. In general, the acid and alkaline pretreatments produced similar trends with leaves requiring very little pretreatment to achieve high conversion rates (greater than 80%). Chaff responded very well to pretreatment and high conversion efficiencies resulted when pretreated under alkaline or acidic conditions. Nodes and internodes were more recalcitrant than the other anatomical fractions. Pretreatment with 0.8% sulfuric acid (0.24 g sulfuric acid/g biomass) did not result in a significantly higher conversion of glucan to ethanol as the native material. Pretreatment with 0.8% NaOH (0.06 g NaOH/g biomass) at room temperature for 2 h resulted in high conversion efficiencies for all plant fractions, greater than 73% of the available glucan. These differences in pretreatment susceptibilities suggest that a biomass collection system that removes specific portions of wheat stover could result in significant differences in ethanol production costs.
Water-free fused silica for laser windows made by the reactive atmosphere process

We have produced by the reactive atmosphere process (RAP) a new form of fused silica that is nearly free (of the order of 1 ppm) of water-derived impurities (OH−, H+). This RAP-fused silica is a vitreous form of the cristobalite crystal phase of SiO2 and not the quartz phase. Therefore, it is called “fused cristobalite”. This fused cristobalite exhibits simultaneously increased resistance to nuclear radiation, with no damage up to 10 Mrad (of 60Co gamma irradiation), and greatly increased IR transparency due to the lack of water absorption at the 2.73 μm OH stretch vibrational band. We present absorption measurements in the near-IR comparing our RAP-fused cristobalite with seven types of commercial fused sillica.
Operation Web Snare: law enforcement networking against cyberfraud

“The web of our life,” Shakespeare wrote, “is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together.” 1 Economic crime online is also a mingled yarn, with multiple strands.
Facts and fantasies of congenital heart surgery: Thoughts on advances in heart surgery and those who make them

For many years physicians, and surgeons in particular, have been able to implement new treatments with minimal oversight. However, the potential for abuse inherent in such a system has led to an increased degree of monitoring and new regulations. Although regulatory control is far different today, it must be acknowledged that surgeons have enjoyed a greater degree of freedom than other specialists. The congenital heart surgeon's laboratory is, of necessity, often the operating room itself because appropriate animal models do not exist and have not generally been exploited. Advances will surely continue to be made, but the days of innovation as we have come to know them may be lost. In this article, some thoughts regarding advances in cardiac surgery and how surgeons have made them along with insights into the mind and motivation of the heart surgeon are discussed.
Internships and Practica in Social Psychology Graduate Training Programs

Many training issues face social psychology programs whose students desire internship and practicum experiences in nonacademic settings. Two programs are described whose faculties have devised very different solutions to such common problems as locating internships and supervising interns. Loyola University of Chicago and the University of Utah may represent opposite ends of a philosophical continuum running from "problem solving for the agency/employer" to "faculty-controlled research in applied settings." Each program's training strategies capitalize on available resources while meeting each faculty's goals for graduate training. The discussion of issues and strategies is directed at assisting others in developing program innovations for training applied social psychologists.
Molecular adsorption ofn-alkyl amines, carboxylic acids, and amides onto well-defined, polar organic surfaces

This paper details the formation of oriented monolayer films by the solution-phase adsorption of n-alkyl-chained adsorbates (CH3(CH2)n-1Y) onto the polar surfaces of terminally-substituted self-assembled monolayers (SAMs; Au/S(CH2)mX). The polar tail groups (X and Y) of the adsorbate and SAM included amine, carboxylic acid, and amide groups, and the formation of the adsorbed monomolecular films on the SAMs relied on non-covalent interactions between X and Y. Highly organized monomolecular adlayers could be produced on the SAM surface that were as densely packed as the underlying alkanethiolate SAMs comprising the first layer. The quality of the adsorbed monolayers was related to the identities of the tail groups X and Y.
Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America

Ethnographic data on the production of rock art in far western North America - the historic hunter-gatherer cultures of California and the Great Basin - are reviewed and analyzed to identify widespread patterns in the origin and, in certain cases, symbolism of the late prehistoric/historical parietal art of this region. These data, collected in the first few decades of this century by a variety of ethnographers, suggest only two origins for the art: production by shamans; and production by initiates in ritual cults. In both instances, the artists were apparently depicting the culturally-conditioned visions or hallucinations they experienced during altered states of consciousness. The symbolism of two sites, Tulare-19 and Ventura-195, is considered in more detail to demonstrate how beliefs about the supernatural world, and the shaman's relationship to this realm, were graphically portrayed.
Hydroxyl stereochemistry and amine number within poly(glycoamidoamine)s affect intracellular DNA delivery.

Nucleic acid drugs have great potential to treat many devastating aliments, but their application has been hindered by the lack of efficacious and nontoxic delivery vehicles. Here, a new library of poly(glycoamidoamine)s (D1−D4, G1−G4, and M1−M4) has been synthesized by polycondensation of esterified d-glucaric acid (D), dimethyl-meso-galactarate (G), and d-mannaro-1,4:6,3-dilactone (M) with diethylenetriamine (1), triethylenetetramine (2), tetraethylenepentamine (3), and pentaethylenehexamine (4). The stereochemistry of the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups and the number of amine units have been systematically changed in an effort to examine how the polymer chemistry affects the plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding affinity, the compaction of pDNA into nanoparticles (polyplexes), the material cytotoxicity, and the efficacy of nucleic acid delivery. The polymers with four secondary amines (D4, G4, and M4) between the carbohydrates were found to have the highest pDNA binding affinity and the galactarate polymers general...
Inferring social contexts from audio recordings using deep neural networks

In this paper, we investigate the problem of detecting social contexts from the audio recordings of everyday life such as in life-logs. Unlike the standard corpora of telephone speech or broadcast news, these recordings have a wide variety of background noise. By nature, in such applications, it is difficult to collect and label all the representative noise for learning models in a fully supervised manner. The amount of labeled data that can be expected is relatively small compared to the available recordings. This lends itself naturally to unsupervised feature extraction using sparse auto-encoders, followed by supervised learning of a classifier for social contexts. We investigate different strategies for training these models and report results on a real-world application.
Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes

We relate seismologically observable parameters such as radiated energy, seismic moment, rupture area, and rupture speed to the dynamics of faulting. To achieve this objective, we computed the radiated energy for 23 subduction zone earthquakes recorded between 1992 and 2001; most of these earthquakes have a magnitude M_w > 7.5, but we also included some smaller (M_w ∼ 6.7) well-studied subduction zone earthquakes and six crustal earthquakes. We compiled static stress drop estimates for these 29 earthquakes from literature and used a slip-weakening model to determine the radiation efficiency of these earthquakes. We also determined the rupture speed of these earthquakes from literature. From fracture mechanics, fracture energy, and hence radiation efficiency, can be related to the rupture speed. The radiation efficiencies estimated from the partitioning of energy as given by the slip-weakening model are consistent with the rupture speed estimated for these earthquakes. Most earthquakes have radiation efficiencies between 0.25 and 1 and are hence efficient in generating seismic waves, but tsunami earthquakes and two deep earthquakes, the 1994 Bolivia and the 1999 Russia-China border earthquakes, have very small radiation efficiencies (<0.25) and hence dissipate a large amount of energy during faulting. We suggest that differences in the radiation efficiencies of different types of earthquakes could be due to fundamental differences in their rupture mechanics. In deep events, the energy is probably dissipated in thermal processes in the fault zone, while it is possible that the morphology of the trench causes large energy dissipation during the rupture process of tsunami earthquakes.
Correlation of electron emission with changes in the surface concentration of barium and oxygen on a tungsten surface

Abstract Techniques, developed to determine the surface concentration of monolayer adsorbates on metal substrates by means of chemical mapping Auger spectrometry, have been used to measure desorption of barium from Ba-W, Ba-C-W, and Ba-O-W surfaces. Desorption data were obtained by measuring the change in surface concentration with time at a constant temperature. By making these measurements over the temperature range 900 to 1400 K, activation energies for desorption were acquired. Higher barium desorption rates were obtained from Ba-W and Ba-C-W surfaces than from Ba-O-W surfaces. The activation energy for barium desorption from a Ba-O-W surface with about a monolayer of oxygen on the tungsten substrate was 4.8 eV and was about 1 eV lower for the other two types studied (Ba-W, Ba-C-W). To correlate electron emission with surface chemistry, time sequential measurements of both electron emission and barium (and oxygen) desorption were made on both barium-covered oxygenated and clean tungsten surfaces. The most stable thermionic emission and minimum desorption rate were obtained from Ba-O-W surfaces with a chemisorbed monolayer of oxygen. Exposing the tungsten surface to higher oxygen concentrations before monolayer barium deposition created an apparent subsurface oxygen concentration which led to poor electron emission characteristics. This effect increased with oxygen content on the Ba-O-W surfaces. Similar measurements of desorption and electron emission were made on an unimpregnated tungsten cathode, covered by a barium monolayer, and these results were collated with those obtained from Ba-O-W surfaces.
Introduction: The Future of Chinese Law*

The interaction between the millennial dominant orientations of Chinese culture and the entire impact of modernization and of Marxism-Leninism is a story that is unfolding before our eyes, and we have no neat formula for predicting its outcomeBy focusing on legal reforms this Special Issue of The China Quarterly draws attention to a group of institutions whose fate is crucial for China's future. The economic reforms that have transformed China since the late 1970s are generating new institutions and transactions that demand legal definition. The surge of foreign direct investment that has made China the world's largest capital-importing country makes necessary further development of the legal framework for foreign trade and investment. More-over, forces broader and needs deeper than those produced by economic development will also help to impel Chinese law reforms.When the Chinese leadership turned its attention to creating a legal order after the end of the Cultural Revolution, one of its expressed concerns was to reduce official arbitrariness. Even though the totalitarian grip of the Chinese Communist Party has weakened since then, concerns about arbitrariness are no less and can only increase. Furthermore, if China is to cope with the many problems that are by-products of economic reform, including a decline in social order, spreading corruption and a general crisis of values, it will need strong legal institutions and a legal culture that promotes the rule of law. The rule of law has become an issue for many more Chinese than just their leaders or intellectuals.
Our literature, their history : between appropriation and denial

On August 9, 1997, Asashi Shimbun, Japan's leading newspaper, published a feature story entitled "Atomic Bomb Survivor Poet Araki Yasusada Is A Fake": An atomic bomb survivor poet has become a controversy in American poetry. Born in Kyoto in 1907, Araki lost his wife and daughters in the Hiroshima bombing and died from cancer in 1972. He never published when he was alive, but his notes were found after his death, and the English translations were published one after another. The controversy was not because of the content, but because he was not a realJapanese poet.
Generation of compact multi-cycle diagnostic test sets

The possibility of achieving test compaction by using multi-cycle tests led to the development of procedures that produce compact multi-cycle test sets for the detection of single stuck-at faults, for the detection of transition faults, and for n-detections of single stuck-at faults [1]-[4]. The advantages of compact diagnostic test sets motivated the development of the test compaction procedures from [5]-[7]. These procedures were applied to produce compact single-cycle diagnostic test sets. The procedure described in this paper achieves test compaction for diagnostic test sets by using multi-cycle tests to replace single-cycle tests in a compact single-cycle diagnostic test set.
Treatment of chronic neutropenia associated with large granular lymphocytosis with cyclosporine a and filgrastim

A patient with neutropenia and life-threatening infections secondary to T-gamma lymphoproliferative disease, who did not respond to treatment with recombinant human G-CSF (filgrastim), was treated with filgrastin plus cyclosporine A (CyA). The patient achieved a good response in the absolute neutrophil count and subsequently required a dose reduction in the filgrastim. The patient was eventually discontinued from the CyA but continues on filgrastim alone. While on therapy, the large granular lymphocytes disappeared from the circulation and the beta-TCR rearrangement, which was present prior to beginning therapy, became undetectable. The patient had no significant toxicity to the CyA or the filgrastim and he has not experienced any serious infections or required hospitalization. Filgrastim has proven to be relatively nontoxic and of some benefit to patients with this disease and should probably be utilized first when treatment is necessary. However, if improvement is not observed, these findings suggest that a trial of the combination of CyA plus filgrastim may be beneficial.
Because we have better things to do: automating common support tasks

As technology permeates more aspects of our everyday lives, greater demands are placed on information technology personnel. Lehigh University computing consultants have found their scope of responsibility broadening as campus departments turn to computer-based workflow solutions. In previous years, consultants were tasked with setup, training, and support for PCs and their associated applications. More recently, however, consultants have been asked to lend their expertise to the evaluation, design, testing, and implementation of campus technology projects and enhancements, while continuing to meet the needs of their clients.Struggling to deal with increased demands on their time, Lehigh's computing consultants have developed a variety of time-saving methods, scripts, and utilities. They fall into two general categories: self-service tools for end-users and internal staff utilities. Self-service tool examples include those that configure email, install networked printers, and map drives for off-campus users. Examples of internal staff utilities include hardware independent disk imaging, simplified software distribution, and streamlined remote assistance procedures.Freeing staff from common support tasks allows them to focus on other demanding projects. Lehigh University is excited to share their time-saving developments with other institutions in hopes that they will be able to realize the level of efficiently to which Lehigh has grown accustomed.
The Founding Fathers Reconsidered

R.B. BERNSTEIN New York: Oxford University Press, 2009 Pp. 238, $17.95 (hbk), ISBN 978 0 19 533832 4 In this volume, Bernstein turns his easy style and economy of prose to synthesizing recent schol...
Recombination radiation and stimulated emission in GaAs

Abstract A review of some of the properties of GaAs injection lasers is presented. The nature of the electron-hole recombination mechanisms is examined. A comparison of the results of photo-luminescence measurements on bulk homogeneously doped samples with electroluminescence from diodes is given. The effect of temperature on laser action is discussed. The properties of continuously operated lasers are also discussed.
Exercise increases solid meal gastric emptying rates in men.

Gastric emptying rates of radiolabeled beef stew meals were measured in 10 healthy, young (median age=27 years) male subjects on each of three randomly chosen study days. The subjects either (1) stood at rest, (2) walked on an exercise treadmill at 3.2 km/hr, or (3) at 6.4 km/hr during the study while gastric emptying was being monitored by externally positioned gamma cameras. Compared to the standing at rest study, exercise significantly increased gastric emptying (at rest emptying half-time (t1/2)=72.6±7.6 (sem) min; 3.2 km/hr t1/2=44.5±3.9 min, P=0.0051; 6.4 km/hr t1/2=32.9±1.9 min, P=0,0051). The 6.4 km/hr emptying time was significantly (P=0.0249) faster than the 3.2 km/hr emptying time. Thus, the amount of exercise is a physiological factor that alters solid meal gastric emptying rates.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PYOCINE TYPING IN CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASE

While pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is most often initially due to S.aureus, P.aeruginosa often emerges as the major pathogen. The latter may be typed by susceptibility to pyocines, antibacterial substances produced by certain P.aeruginosa and active only against certain other P.aeruginosa. To understand the role of this organism in the bacterial ecology of the respiratory tract, pyocine typing, utilizing NIH indicator strains, was performed on multiple P.aeruginosa isolates from 100 chronic pulmonary disease patients with and without CF, classified according to clinical condition. No specific types were characteristic of non-CF patients, but N-7, N-9, N-ll, N-13, and N-27 were most common to CF patients. Types N-7 and N-ll were found most frequently in those with severe impairment or exacerbation of pulmonary disease, while N-1 and/or N-4 was associated with improvement. Of CF patients in good clinical condition, 33% had N-1 and/or N-4, compared to only 15% of CF patients with severe impairment. Pyocines produced by N-1 and N-4 P.aeruginosa in vitro inhibit N-7 and N-11, but pyocines produced by N-7, N-9, N-11, N-13, and N-27 do not inhibit N-1 and N-4. It is concluded, therefore, that the presence of N-1 and/or N-4 P.aeruginosa may inhibit colonization by P.aeruginosa characteristic of more severe disease as can occur among staphylococci in other clinical conditions.
On the Trapping of Unstable Baroclinic Waves

Abstract The Charney-Pedlosky theorem on the trapping of unstable baroclinic waves is generalized to show that unstable waves which satisfy a condition analogous to the Charney-Drazin condition for the trapping of neutral planetary waves are trapped even in the presence of a local energy source provided by vertical shear of the mean zonal wind. This generalization provides a depth scale for the trapped waves which, unlike that derived by Charney and Pedlosky, does not become infinite as the growth rate of the unstable waves goes to zero.
Magnesium sulfate and epidural anesthesia in pheochromocytoma and severe coronary artery disease

T his case of coexistent pheochromocytoma and coronary artery disease (CAD) illustrates the previously unreported use of combined magnesium sulfate (MgSO,) and epidural anesthetic (EA) supplementation for hemodynamic control during pheochromocytoma resection. The advantage of MgSO, and EA use is the physiologically appropriate inhibition of catecholamine release from adrenal tissue (1,2), with potential control of intraoperative hemodynamics without additional vasodilator therapy.
Disordered-Eating Attitudes in Relation to Bone Mineral Density and Markers of Bone Turnover in Overweight Adolescents

Purpose To examine the relationships between cognitive eating restraint and both bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in overweight adolescents.
Modeling of one-dimensional spatial effects on the spread of gypsy moths

Abstract Modeling of gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)) populations is extremely complex. In this work, a recently proposed model for spatially homogeneous populations which involves only three variables has been modified to study the spread of gypsy moth populations. The dynamics of this model includes waves of modulating amplitude which propagate in the spatio-temporal domain. Under certain conditions these spatial inhomogeneities eventually decay, resulting in spatially homogeneous behavior. Under other conditions they continue to exist, and in one case it was observed that appropriate perturbations on a chaotic system led to the establishment of a constant-shape, constant-velocity traveling wave. In this work we also study the effects of attempting to stimulate outbreaks by the implantation of a large number of gypsy moth egg masses at a specific location, as well as the effects of repeated transportation of egg masses to a single site (such as a camp ground). In addition, we report the results of simulating the application of pesticides.
A VLA Survey for Compact Radio Sources in the Galactic Center

The scattering diameters of Sgr A* and several nearby OH masers (1 -->'' at 1 GHz) indicate that a region of enhanced scattering is along the line of sight to the Galactic center. This region of enhanced scattering implies that radio pulsars in or beyond the Galactic center will suffer pulse broadening of hundreds of seconds at 1 GHz. We have used the VLA at 1.4 GHz to survey the inner 2° of the Galactic center for radio pulsar candidates. Because of the large pulse broadening suffered by Galactic center radio pulsars, our strategy has been to identify compact radio sources, without regard to whether they are pulsed radio sources. We describe our survey and present the catalog of 170 sources. Comparison with other radio surveys of the area shows that just over half of these sources have not been detected previously; this same comparison reveals 29 sources that are not in higher frequency surveys, suggesting that the sources are either variable or steep spectrum, and a comparable number of sources in other surveys that should have been detected in this survey but were not. Comparison with infrared surveys shows that 59 (35%) sources have infrared counterparts and are likely to be H II regions. On the basis of the number of sources as yet unidentified, we estimate that there could have been no more than roughly 104-105 supernovae in the past several million years in the Galactic center. This estimate is consistent with the number required to produce the X-ray-emitting plasma in the Galactic center and is marginally consistent with that required to explain the 1.8 MeV emission from -->26Al.
Study of coupling efficiency of wireless Power Transfer systems in implanted applications

There exist many applications for coupling power wirelessly to devices implanted in the human body. In this paper, we explore the effect of changing the dimensions of the receiving antenna embedded within dry skin while keeping the transmitter's size and other factors such as the frequency of operation and surrounding materials constant. Using full-wave simulations carried out in HFSS, followed by equivalent circuit simulations in ADS, we arrive at values for the Power Transfer Efficiency, PTE, and the coupling coefficient, k, which can be used to model the wireless link. The dependence of these parameters on the cross-sectional area is studied and the results reported.
Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in shock caused by injection of living E. coli cells.

SummaryInjection of live E. coli organisms to dogs iv causes a lethal shock. Administrations of anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, aminopyrine, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone) block partially the effect of shock on the mean systemic arterial blood pressure, on the portal vein pressure, and on the hematocrit values. The changes that follow the injection of E. coli were significantly different in the treated animals from those in the control group. Some of the other agents tested were ineffective. Thus only drugs which have an antiphlogistic effect protected against shock.
OSAS in Down syndrome: T&A versus T&A plus lateral pharyngoplasty.

Summary Objective Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is common in children with Down syndrome (DS). Adenotonsillectomy (T&A) has traditionally been the initial surgical treatment. More aggressive surgery has also been recommended. Previous studies have used parental reporting and not objective data to assess treatment outcomes. Polysomnography (PSG) is used to objectively evaluate the results of T&A versus T&A plus lateral pharyngoplasty in the initial treatment of OSAS in children with DS. Methods This is a retrospective study of children with OSAS and DS. Group 1 consisted of 21 children with DS who underwent T&A. Group 2 consisted of 16 children of similar age who had T&A plus lateral pharyngoplasty as initial surgical treatment. Post-operative PSG's were available for all patients. Apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), presence of hypoxemia and hypercarbia, and arousal index were measured and compared. Results In group 1, after T&A, 48% continued to have an elevated AHI. If hypercarbia and hypoxemia are included in the result analysis, 67% continued to have abnormal PSG's after their surgery. In group 2, 63% had an elevated AHI post-operatively. When hypercarbia and hypoxemia are included in the analysis, 75% continued to have abnormal PSG's after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the outcome of the two groups. Conclusions Pediatric patients with OSAS and DS may show improvement after T&A, however only about one third will have a normal post-operative sleep study. Adding a lateral pharyngoplasty does not improve these results. Further study with objective outcome data is needed to determine a better first line surgical treatment for these patients.
Video Games, Identity, and the Constellation of Information.

This article explores the identity of youth in relation to the information sources they choose in the constellation of information of video games, using the massively multiplayer online game World of Warcraft as an example. From this study, several identities are recognized that are combinations of the participants skill and level in the game, as well as their play style and the information practices they use in relation to school success.
Cyclic AMP is not a direct regulator of calcium flux and hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in human lymphocytes

Abstract The regulatory effects of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on Ca2+ flux and phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover in human lymphocytes were studied. cAMP did not affect the intracellular accumulation of Ca2+ induced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and histamine-trifluoromethyl toluidide derivative (HTMT) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In addition, cAMP also did not alter Ca2+ flux induced by PHA, anti-CD3, or PAF in T cells, or by anti-IgM and HTMT in non-rosetted cells. Similarly, cAMP did not inhibit IP accumulation induced by HTMT in PBL, anti-CD3 in T cells, and by anti-IgM or HTMT in non-rosetted cells. The only exception was the synthesis of IP induced by PHA in T cells that was inhibited by cAMP. Furthermore, prolonged treatment of T cells with cholera toxin inhibited Ca2+ accumulation in response to CD3. The degree of inhibition of Ca2+ and IP responses was not proportional to the levels of intracellular cAMP generated.
The interconnected chain of enterprises as presented by the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture

Abstract Enterprise integration programs need throughout their life cycles the many products and/or services that can be provided by other enterprises. At its operational stage, every enterprise can become such a provider of products or services to answer others' needs. This paper will show that such a product/service, provider–receiver relationship can be illustrated by using Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA)'s own unique diagram as the basic unit to form an interconnected chain of the enterprises involved. According to the roles on this chain played by the different enterprises or enterprise programs, only four basic types of enterprises need to be defined to describe this chain. The PERA diagram can be used recursively to describe each of these basic types and the relations between them. Therefore, PERA is able to present a complete description of this evolving chain of enterprises regardless of the origin or field of application of the systems involved.
Programming languages: history and future

This paper discusses both the history and future of programming languages ( = higher level languages). Some of the difficulties in writing such a history are indicated. A key part of the paper is a tree showing the chronological development of languages and their interrelationships. Reasons for the proliferation of languages are given. The major languages are listed with the reasons for their importance. A section on chronology indicates the happenings of the significant previous time periods and the major topics of 1972. Key concepts other than specific languages are discussed.
Magnetic moments of odd-mass nuclei with simple configurations

Abstract Magnetic moments of odd-mass nuclei with simple configurations are calculated by taking into account the core polarization and the mesonic current. The core polarization mechanism is in qualitative agreement with observations. The core polarization producs a large modification of the gyromagnetic ratio gS of the spin angular momentum. This is consistent with information from the observed rates of allowd Ml transitions. The mesonic current has a large effect for states with high spin, because the effect can be approximated by δgll where l is the operator of orbital angular momentum. The contribution from the mesonic current has the same sign as that from the core polarization in states with j = l− 1 2 . This is desirable, for example, in the h 9 2 state of 209Bi. On the other hand those two contributions cancel each other in states with j = l+ 1 2 . The recent observations of magnetic moments of the i 13 2 proton, the i 13 2 neutron and the g 9 2 neutron give rise to a serious new problem.
Scanning electron microscope studies of fracture mechanisms of SAE 52100 bearing steel

Abstract Fracture characteristics of failed tensile, impact, and compression test pieces of hardened SAE 52100 steel tested at different strain rates and different temperatures were investigated with the scanning electron microscope. Analysis of fracture features and experimental data led to the conclusion that fully hardened SAE 52100 steel generally fractures by the ductile growth and coalescence of holes despite the fact that, macroscopically, it appears to be a brittle material. As an explanation of the behavior, it is suggested that strain-softening may occur along narrow bands.
Patch assessment in foraging flocks of European starlings: evidence for the use of public information

A field experiment was carried out to determine whether group-foraging starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) use public information to help them estimate the quality of an artificial resource patch and depart accordingly. Three kinds of information are potentially available in a group: patch-sample information, pre-harvest information, and public information. These three types of information can be combined into four patch assessment strategies: (1) patch-sample alone; (2) patch-sample and pre-harvest; (3) patch-sample and public; and (4) patch-sample, pre-harvest, and public. Depending on the foraging environment we presented to the starlings, each assessment strategy made a unique set of predictions concerning the patch departure decisions of pairs of birds based on differences in their foraging success. The environment was manipulated in two ways: by altering the variability in patch quality and by changing compatibility, the ease with which individual birds could simultaneously acquire both patch-sample and public information. Our observations on patch persistence and departure order demonstrate that the starlings used a combination of patch-sample and public information, but not pre-harvest information, to estimate the quality of the experimental patch. Moreover, our results suggest that starlings use public information only when it is easily available and ignore it under incompatible conditions. This study provides the first evidence of public information use in a patch assessment problem.
Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Abstract Fifty-seven babies were surgically treated for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula between 1968 and 1978. Forty-eight (84%) had proximal esophageal atresia and a distal tracheoesophageal fistula, 2 (4%) had proximal and distal esophageal atresia and no tracheoesophageal fistula, and 7 (12%) had a tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia. Primary repair was accomplished in 43 patients (75%), colon interposition was required in 5 (9%), while the remainder had staged or palliative repairs. Forty-six (81%) survived surgical treatment. All 21 babies in Waterston Category A, 90% of 20 in Category B, and 44% of 16 in Category C survived surgical treatment. Serious complications occurred in 17 (30%), and dilatable strictures and other minor problems developed in 27 (47%). Late follow-up (mean, 48 months) revealed 3 (7%) late deaths, 2 of which were due to congenital heart disease. Three patients required late colon interposition, and several require frequent dilatations of the esophagus. The Category A and B survivors are all functionally well, while the 5 surviving Category C patients are all significantly impaired by associated anomalies.
GRASPing Unconventional Secretion

GRASP proteins associate with the Golgi apparatus and have been implicated in the stacking of Golgi cisternae, vesicle tethering, and mitotic progression, but their specific functions are unclear. In this issue, Kinseth et al. (2007) show unexpectedly that a GRASP homolog is required for an unconventional secretory pathway that bypasses the usual route for Golgi-dependent membrane traffic.
SAVCBS 2006 challenge: specification of iterators

A method for formal specification of iterators, which can be used to verify both clients and implementations, is illustrated with a Set abstraction as the underlying collection.
Electric power research institute research in structural design and analysis

Abstract The structural research program of the Nuclear Safety and Analysis Department of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of structural interaction with fluid, soil, or other components. Current efforts involve establishing experimental benchmarks and multidimensional analysis options leading to the verifraction of simplified design methods.
Experimental autologous immune deposit nephritis in rats associated with mercuric chloride administration.

Serial administration of mercuric chloride to rats was followed by development of antibodies to tubular basement membrane and renal tubular epithelial antigen (RTE) and glomerulonephritis characterized by granular deposits of host IgG, C3 and RTE along the glomerular capillary walls. The glomerular fixed antibody was directed against RTE. These studies suggest that tubular injury by mercury may lead to release of RTE and autosensitization and subsequent antibody production to this antigen result in formation of and glomerular deposition of circulating immunopathogenic complexes (RTE-anti-RTE) and glomerular morphologic alterations.
Reduction of gate resistance in tenth-micron gate MODFETs for microwave applications

Abstract A T-shaped gate technique has been successfully applied to fabrication of MODFETs with gate length on the order of 0.1 μm. The 0.1 μm T-shaped gate is obtained by a PMMA/P(MMA-MAA)/PMMA triple layer electron beam resist system to achieve fine line width, high aspect ratio, and good lift-off profile. Compared to conventional gates, the T-shaped gate with its larger cross section typically shows a reduction of gate resistance by a factor of 10. Effects of gate resistance on the microwave performance of AllnAs/InGaAs MODFETs with 0.12 μm T-shaped gates are also discussed.
Homoallylic substitution reaction of piperidine with 1-bromo-1-cyclopropylalkanes☆

Abstract Reaction of piperidine with 1-bromo-1-cyclopropylalkanes, 7 , afforded excellent yields of the homoallylic substitution product, 8 , when the bromine-bearing carbon was sufficiently sterically hindered.
Structure-based mutagenesis of the substrate-recognition domain of Nrdp1/FLRF identifies the binding site for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB3

The E3 ubiquitin ligase neuregulin receptor degrading protein 1 (Nrdp1) mediates the ligand-independent degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor family member ErbB3/HER3. By regulating cellular levels of ErbB3, Nrdp1 influences ErbB3-mediated signaling, which is essential for normal vertebrate development. Nrdp1 belongs to the tripartite or RBCC (RING, B-box, coiled-coil) family of ubiquitin ligases in which the RING domain is responsible for ubiquitin ligation and a variable C-terminal region mediates substrate recognition. We report here the 1.95 A crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Nrdp1 and show that this domain is sufficient to mediate ErbB3 binding. Furthermore, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to map regions of the Nrdp1 surface that are important for interacting with ErbB3 and mediating its degradation in transfected cells. The ErbB3-binding site localizes to a region of Nrdp1 that is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, in contrast to ErbB3, which is only found in vertebrates. This observation suggests that Nrdp1 uses a common binding site to recognize its targets in different species.
A Random Assignment Evaluation of Learning Communities at Kingsborough Community College--Seven Years Later.

Abstract: Community colleges play a vital role in higher education, enrolling more than one in every three postsecondary students. While their market share has grown over the past 50 years, students’ success rates remain low. Consequently, community college stakeholders are searching with mounting urgency for strategies that increase rates of success. We evaluate the effects of one such strategy, learning communities, from a randomized trial of over 1,500 students at a large urban college in the City University of New York (CUNY) system. We find that the program's positive effects on short-term academic progress (credit accumulation) are maintained seven years after random assignment. We find some limited evidence that the program positively affected graduation rates, particularly for those students without remedial English needs, over this time period. While there is not clear evidence that the program improved economic outcomes, this article concludes by offering sobering reflections on trying to detect...