cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of Security Policy Enforcement in Enterprise Systems

Many security requirements for enterprise systems can be expressed in a natural way as high-level access control policies. A high-level policy may refer to abstract information resources, independent of where the information is stored; it controls both direct and indirect accesses to the information; it may refer to the context of a request, i.e., the request’s path through the system; and its enforcement point and enforcement mechanism may be unspecified. Enforcement of a high-level policy may depend on the system architecture and the configurations of a variety of security mechanisms, such as firewalls, host login permissions, file permissions, DBMS access control, and application-specific security mechanisms. This paper presents a framework in which all of these can be conveniently and formally expressed, a method to verify that a high-level policy is enforced, and an algorithm to determine a trusted computing base for each resource.
Trends in health behaviors in the old-old population: results from a national survey.

This study aimed to examine changes in the practice of health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption) via comparing two Israeli cohorts of persons aged 75 to 94 over a 10-year period. Data collection was conducted during 1989–1992 for the first cohort (N = 1,200) and during 2000–2002 for the second (N = 421). Decreases in smoking indices (rates of current smokers, total nicotine consumption, years of smoking), increase in physical activity levels, and decreases in alcohol consumption of liquor and whiskey were found in the more recent cohort compared to the earlier one. Sex differences were found with regards to alcohol consumption and smoking. The findings indicate consistent improvements in health behaviors of smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption of beverages other than beer or wine in old-old Israeli persons.
Some considerations of the mechanics of hydrostatic extrusion

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study of hydrostatic extrusion is reported. Apparatus was constructed and operated at room temperature and at pressures up to 80,000 p.s.i. to produce extruded rods: of aluminum and lead (up to 96 per cent reduction), columbium and titanium (up to 75 per cent reduction), and mild steel and stainless steel (up to 35 per cent reduction). Shapes such as tubes and splines have also been made. The relationships between such variables as pressure and extrusion rates are examined theoretically for the hydrostatic extrusion process. The significant features of hydrostatic extrusion, as compared with conventional extrusion, are lower extrusion pressures (up to 50 per cent), more uniform deformation throughout the cross section of the extrusion, and better surface finish.
Getting Paid in Smiles: The Gendering of Child Care Work

Based on four and a half years of participant-observation field research and focused interviews with men and women child care workers, the author examines the occupational processes of the entry and tenure of workers, paying particular attention to gender as it manifests in the meanings and actions involved in becoming and continuing as a child care worker. As men and women workers go about the business of becoming and being child care workers, they become active agents in the reproduction of child care as low-wage, low-status, women's work. Through the construction of particular gendered “accounts” and “vocabularies of motive,” workers play a key role in sustaining the status of child care as a gendered occupation.
Device Performance of Silicon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor

The device performance of silicon nanotube field effect transistor (Si-NT-FET) having tubular channel and controllable by an inner and outer gates is presented. The inner and outer gates render effective charge control inside the channel providing the Si-NT-FETs excellent immunity to short channel effects. Evaluations of electrical performances of Si-NT-FET using well calibrated 3D device simulations show that Si-NT-FETs can outperform Si-nanowire (NW)-FETs in terms of drive currents and SCEs. Our evaluation further shows that Si-NT-FETs can provide ~2× higher drive current compared to Si-NT-FET of the same diameter. This excellent electrical performance makes Si-NT-FETs promising candidates to extend CMOS scaling roadmap beyond Si-NW-FET.
Eye contact: A nonverbal determinant of speaker credibility

Because it is hypothesized that eye contact contributes to a speaker's perceived credibility, and because there is a dearth of studies examining the effects of eye contact in a live public‐speaking situation, this study examined the effects of eye contact on speaker credibility in a live public‐speaking situation. Results indicated that an increase in the amount of eye contact generated by a speaker significantly increased the speaker's credibility in terms of qualification and honesty factors. Thus, this study provided documentation for the importance of eye contact in a public‐speaking situation.
Robust state feedback synthesis for control of non-square multivariable nonlinear systems

Abstract In this paper, a robust nonlinear controller is designed in the Input/Output (I/O) linearization framework, for non-square multivariable nonlinear systems that have more inputs than outputs and are subject to parametric uncertainty. A nonlinear state feedback is synthesized that approximately linearizes the system in an I/O sense by solving a convex optimization problem online. A robust controller is designed for the linear uncertain subsystem using a multi-model H 2 H ∞ synthesis approach to ensure robust stability and performance of non-square multivariable, nonlinear systems. This methodology is illustrated via simulation of a regulation problem in a continuous stirred tank reactor.
Involvement of AtLAC15 in lignin synthesis in seeds and in root elongation of Arabidopsis

Laccase, EC 1.10.3.2 or p-diphenol:dioxygen oxidoreductase, has been proposed to be involved in lignin synthesis in plants based on its in vitro enzymatic activity and a close correlation with the lignification process in plants. Despite many years of research, genetic evidence for the role of laccase in lignin synthesis is still missing. By screening mutants available for the annotated laccase gene family in Arabidopsis, we identified two mutants for a single laccase gene, AtLAC15 (At5g48100) with a pale brown or yellow seed coat which resembled the transparent testa (tt) mutant phenotype. A chemical component analysis revealed that the mutant seeds had nearly a 30% decrease in extractable lignin content and a 59% increase in soluble proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin compared with wild-type seeds. In an in vitro enzyme assay, the developing mutant seeds showed a significant reduction in polymerization activity of coniferyl alcohol in the absence of H(2)O(2). Among the dimers formed in the in vitro assay using developing wild-type seeds, 23% of the linkages were beta-O-4 which resembles the major linkages formed in native lignin. The evidence strongly supports that AtLAC15 is involved in lignin synthesis in plants. To our knowledge, this is the first genetic evidence for the role of laccase in lignin synthesis. Changes in seed coat permeability, seed germination and root elongation were also observed in the mutant.
High temperature and high pressure three-phase fluidization—bed expansion phenomena

Abstract Bed contraction and expansion are investigated in a high pressure and high temperature gas–liquid–solid fluidized bed. The bed is operated at pressures from 0.1 to 17.4 MPa and temperatures from 20 to 94°C. The bubble dynamic behavior in the bed is visualized through transparent windows. The study indicates that the pressure and temperature affect the bed expansion and contraction, mainly through the variations in bubble behavior and the changes of liquid properties. The extent of bed contraction decreases with an increase in pressure and/or temperature for 2.1 mm glass beads. This decrease is attributed to the reduction in size and number density of large bubbles. However, for 1 mm glass beads, bed contraction is observed to be more pronounced under higher pressures. The generalized wake model is modified to account for bed expansion or contraction phenomena by taking into account the bubble size distribution effects.
Elucidation of peptide-directed palladium surface structure for biologically tunable nanocatalysts.

Peptide-enabled synthesis of inorganic nanostructures represents an avenue to access catalytic materials with tunable and optimized properties. This is achieved via peptide complexity and programmability that is missing in traditional ligands for catalytic nanomaterials. Unfortunately, there is limited information available to correlate peptide sequence to particle structure and catalytic activity to date. As such, the application of peptide-enabled nanocatalysts remains limited to trial and error approaches. In this paper, a hybrid experimental and computational approach is introduced to systematically elucidate biomolecule-dependent structure/function relationships for peptide-capped Pd nanocatalysts. Synchrotron X-ray techniques were used to uncover substantial particle surface structural disorder, which was dependent upon the amino acid sequence of the peptide capping ligand. Nanocatalyst configurations were then determined directly from experimental data using reverse Monte Carlo methods and further ...
Some problems and design factors concerning noise in motor-driven home appliances

DURING RECENT YEARS, the ratio of material to labor cost of mass-produced products has been increasing, mainly owing to the more effective use of automatic processes. In turn, this has stimulated efforts toward producing greater output per pound of material in such items as small motors, and toward greater utility per pound in such products as home appliances. This trend, along with the shifting of appliances from basement to kitchen or first-floor utility areas, brings the reduction of objectionable or undesirable sound (referred to as noise) into the forefront as a major design factor. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the over-all appliance noise problem in general terms will be discussed and, second, the problem of reducing that portion of noise contributed by the motor will be discussed specifically.
Gibberellin Production in Pea Seeds Developing in Excised Pods: Effect of Growth Retardant AMO-1618

The gibberellin content of pea seeds developing in excised pea pods cultured on a medium containing the plant growth retardant AMO-1618 was reduced in comparison with pea seeds cultured on retardant-free medium. The reduction increased with increasing concentrations of AMO-1618. However, at the lowest concentration tested (5 milligrams per liter) the growth of the seeds was not affected whereas their gibberellin content was significantly reduced. In conjunction with earlier work on the effect of growth retardants on gibberellin biosynthesis in the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, these results indicate that AMO-1618 inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins in tissues of higher plants in much the same manner it does in Fusarium.
Chemical and nutritional differences between two bird-dispersed fruits:Ilex opaca andIlex verticillata

Ilex opaca andIlex verticillata are woody species bearing lowquality, bird-dispersed fall fruits that persist for several months. Tests of secondary chemistry show that fruits of both species contain phenolics and saponins as major classes of secondary metabolites. Soluble carbohydrates are the major nutrients in both species. Ripe fruits from ten trees in both wild and cultivated populations of each species were collected during 1986, 1987, and 1988 and analyzed for phenolic and carbohydrate content using Folin-Denis and anthrone methods, respectively. Fruits from 1987 and 1988 were analyzed for saponin content using hemanalysis. Significant differences were found in the average content of the above chemical classes between the two species and among individuals within each species. The fruits ofIlex opaca are more persistent, higher in phenolics, and lower in saponins and carbohydrates thanJ. verticillata fruits. Generally, there are greater differences in fruit chemistry among plants within a year than within one individual between years. Mechanical defenses were tested by puncturing fruits in situ. No differences in decay were found between punctured and unpunctured fruits.
Note Concerning the Emission of Beta-Rays in Radioactive Change

A brief summary of the present status of the relations between $\ensuremath{\beta}$-rays and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays in radioactive disintegration is given. It is shown that the escape of $\ensuremath{\beta}$-rays from the nucleus with nondescript velocities which appears to be established by the work of Ellis and his collaborators introduces a serious difficulty in that such changes of energy are sandwiched between $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-ray emissions of constant energy. A possible solution is suggested by assuming that the energy of emission of succeding $\ensuremath{\beta}$-rays in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ type of transformations supplement each other giving a constant energy between two $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transformations. For the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transformations the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-ray energy differences can only be supplemented by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray changes as suggested by Heisenberg. Unless a much needed investigation of relative energies of emission of succeeding $\ensuremath{\beta}$-rays and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays upholds the above hypothesis one of the following conditions must hold, either the conclusions of Ellis in the face of his evidence are wrong, or $\ensuremath{\beta}$-ray changes occur in a part of the nucleus and in such a manner that the energy of emission of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-rays is unaffected by differences in energy of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-ray levels of atoms of the same species, or what is less likely, the law of conservation of energy does not apply in the usual form to nuclear disintegrations.
Understanding the adoption and diffusion of innovative information technology curricula: a case application to master of public administration programs

Information technology (IT) management training provided by Master of Public Policy or Administration (MPA) programs has evolved generally from software applications embedded in traditional public policy or management courses to dedicated courses on IT management or policy. However, the degree to which individual MPA programs have evolved varies. Literature in this field has focused on providing status reports on IT education in MPA programs and making curricular recommendations. Building on the foundation, this study tries to explain MPA programs' variation in IT management education by using institutional and resource characteristics of these programs. Data collected from 183 MPA programs in the U.S. show that program ranking and accreditation status appear to be significantly correlated to whether a MPA program has a concentration on IT management. This study will have implications for countries or localities that strive to improve public service by providing cutting-edge IT management training to future public managers. It will also help inform policy makers who would like to provide effective incentives to motivate programs to better IT management training.
Ferromagnetic Anisotropy, Magnetization at Saturation, and Superstructure in Ni 3 Fe and Nearby Compositions

The order-disorder transformation involving ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$Fe affects both the ferromagnetic anisotropy and the saturation magnetization. Iron-nickel alloys in the range 65 to 80 percent nickel have been investigated, using spheroidal specimens. With superlattice formation the anisotropy becomes more like that of pure nickel with $〈111〉$ as the direction of easiest magnetization. The change is largest near ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$Fe. The saturation magnetization increases with ordering; the greatest observed increase was 5.8 percent for an alloy very near ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$Fe. Different rates of cooling from above the critical temperature (about 490\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) affect the saturation magnetization. These changes are attributed to changes in degree of local ordering effects. Long distance order, induced by baking for long periods, greatly influences both anisotropy and magnetization at saturation.
Expression of Neutral Sphingomyelinase Identifies a Distinct Pool of Sphingomyelin Involved in Apoptosis

The activation of sphingomyelinase and generation of ceramide have been implicated as important regulatory pathways in cell growth and apoptosis. Bacterial sphingomyelinase has been used in many cell systems to mimic the activation of endogenous sphingomyelinase. These studies, however, have been complicated by the inability of exogenously applied bacterial sphingomyelinase to perform many of the effects of short chain cell permeable ceramides, indicating that there may be a distinct signal transducing pool of sphingomyelin not accessible to exogenous sphingomyelinase or that endogenous ceramide is not sufficient to induce these changes. We cloned the Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase gene by polymerase chain reaction and subcloned it into a mammalian expression vector under the control of an inducible promoter. Upon stable transfection and induction of B. cereus sphingomyelinase, there were increases in neutral sphingomyelinase activity, cellular ceramide levels, cleavage of the death substrate poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase, and cell death. In contrast, exogenously applied B. cereus sphingomyelinase, despite causing higher elevations in ceramide levels, was unable to induce poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase cleavage or cell death. These results support the existence of a signal transducing pool of sphingomyelin that is distinct from the pool accessible to exogenous sphingomyelinase.
Lithospermum ruderale: Partial characterization of the principal polyphenol isolated from the roots

Abstract Lithospermic acid from L. ruderale roots is a polyphenolic carboxylic acid with an empirical formula believed to be C 16 H 14 O 7 . The molecule has two 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene rings, each containing o -dihydroxy groupings; and an olefinic grouping which is conjugated with one of the rings. The last oxygen atom is probably present as a tertiary alcohol. Optical activity indicates that the molecule contains one or more asymmetric centres. The structure of this molecule is discussed.
Epistatic Effects Contribute to Variation in BMD in Fischer 344 × Lewis F2 Rats

To further delineate the factors underlying the complex genetic architecture of BMD in the rat model, a genome screen for epistatic interactions was conducted. Several significant interactions were identified, involving both previously identified and novel QTLs. Introduction: The variation in several of the risk factors for osteoporotic fracture, including BMD, has been shown to be caused largely by genetic differences. However, the genetic architecture of BMD is complex in both humans and in model organisms. We have previously reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) results for BMD from a genome screen of 595 female F2 progeny of Fischer 344 and Lewis rats. These progeny also provide an excellent opportunity to search for epistatic effects, or interaction between genetic loci, that contribute to fracture risk. Materials and Methods: Microsatellite marker data from a 20-cM genome screen was analyzed along with weight-adjusted BMD (DXA and pQCT) phenotypic data using the R/qtl software package. Genotype and phenotype data were permuted to determine a genome-wide significance threshold for the epistasis or interaction LOD score corresponding to an α level of 0.01. Results and Conclusions: Novel loci on chromosomes 12 and 15 showed a strong epistatic effect on total BMD at the femoral midshaft by pQCT (LOD = 5.4). A previously reported QTL on chromosome 7 was found to interact with a novel locus on chromosome 20 to affect whole lumbar BMD by pQCT (LOD = 6.2). These results provide new information regarding the mode of action of previously identified rat QTLs, as well as identifying novel loci that act in combination with known QTLs or with other novel loci to contribute to the risk factors for osteoporotic fracture.
Mammary glands in male marsupials. 2. Development of teat primordia in Didelphis virginiana and Monodelphis domestica

Young and adults of both sexes of two didelphid marsupials, Didelphis virginiana and Monodelphis domestica, were examined externally for evidence of mammary gland development. Female young possessed teat numbers typical of adult females (13-15 in D. virginiana; 11-13 in M. domestica). Male young showed variable teat numbers which were always low compared with females, with the majority possessing 2-4 in anterior positions. Teats were also present in adult males of both species, in similar numbers and locations to those of young males. There are no previous reports of the presence of teats in any adult male marsupials. No mammary primordia in males have been recorded at any stage of development in the most thoroughly studied Australian marsupials. Our findings strengthen the view that there is a dichotomy between the two marsupial lineages in the regulation of male mammary gland expression.
Contemporary Environmental Issues: Creating Curricular Connections In K-12 Education

The nature of contemporary issues facing our society and the research being conducted to deal with them clearly crosses the boundaries of traditional academic disciplines. Hence, it is suggested that school education should provide students with trans-disciplinary learning experiences in which students learn to use knowledge from various academic disciplines in an integrated format within the context of specific real-life issues. Trans-disciplinary approaches hold the promise of helping students see real-life issues in an organic rather than fragmented manner and be able to apply knowledge to deal with them in an organic manner. A majority of the contemporary issues facing our society relate to the environment. Hence, environmental issues can serve as excellent organizers for designing trans-disciplinary instructional units. Arguments in favor of organizing trans-disciplinary instruction around contemporary environmental issues and an approach for doing so are presented in this article.
Impact of Different US Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans on Potato Seed Tuber Rot and Plant Emergence in a Range of Cultivars and Advanced Breeding Lines

Seed pieces of different potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines (ABLs) from north central US breeding programmes were inoculated with different genotypes of Phytophthora infestans (US-1, US-1.7, US-8, US-11 and US-14). The effect of these genotypes of P. infestans on seed piece rot severity after re-storage was assessed using an image analysis technique. P. infestans genotypes demonstrat- ed variable ability to cause seed piece rot and to reduce plant emergence measured as final plant stand (%) and the relative area under the plant emergence curve (RAUEPC). The US-8 genotype of P. infestans was the most aggressive genotype, as indicated by tuber rot severity across all cultivars/ABLs tested, followed by US-14 in both years. The US-1, US-1.7 and US-11 genotypes were the least aggressive, causing only moderate seed piece rotting across cultivars/ABLs tested. Similar trends were observed in two field experiments, where the US-8 and US-14 genotypes delayed or reduced emergence. Values of final plant stand (%) and RAUEPC demonstrated that the cultivars/ABLs Atlantic, MSJ453-4Y and Torridon were the least susceptible across all P. infestans genotypes. In both experiments cv. Pike was the most susceptible. Other cultivars/ABLs demonstrated variable
Optimization of sample ph and temperature for phosphorus‐31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of poultry manure extracts

Abstract Organic phosphorus (P) compounds can be characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provided conditions are suitable for detecting the NMR signal. The objective of the research was to optimize pH and temperature conditions for turkey manure extracts prior to analysis of organic P compounds using NMR. Samples of turkey manure were extracted with 0.25 MNaOH + 0.05 MEDTA. The extracts were lyophilized and resolubilized in distilled H2O before analysis on a General Electric GN500 NMR spectrometer. Initial 31P NMR experiments were run to determine the optimal instrumental parameters for 31P studies. Samples were titrated to seventeen pH values ranging from 4.0 to 13.2. Samples adjusted to pH 10.0 had the greatest spectral resolution. A seven‐by‐three factorial experiment was used to investigate the effect of seven temperatures (5,10,20,30,40,50, and 60°C) on three separate samples at pH 6.5,9.0, or 10.0. Spectra resolution was greatest at pH 10.0 and 20°C.
On putting the semantic cart before the metaphysical horse—A realistic appraisal of Anti-Realist semantics

(1991). On putting the semantic cart before the metaphysical horse—A realistic appraisal of Anti-Realist semantics. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 69, No. 4, pp. 415-437.
Isolation of Avian Tubercle Bacilli in Human Silicosis

Acid-fast microorganisms with the cultural characteristics of avian tubercle bacilli were isolated from three specimens of sputum and a gastric washing from a patient with silicosis. These organisms were virulent for chickens and rabbits but failed to produce progressive disease in guinea pigs. The infected animals reacted slightly to old tuberculin but severely to avian tuberculin. Additional studies on one culture revealed it to be resistant in vitro to streptomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid, which is typical of avian tubercle bacilli. The patient died of cardiac failure. Sections of lung revealed extensive pneumonoconiosis and fibrosis. Birefringent crystals typical of silica were seen in sections examined with polarized light. It is believed that the avian tubercle bacilli played little part, if any, in the production of pulmonary fibrosis and that these microorganisms were able to proliferate because of the pre-existing silicotic lesions in a host for which avian tubercle bacilli are normally relatively avirulent.
A double medium model for diffusion in fluid-bearing rock

The concept of a double porosity medium to model fluid flow in fractured rock has been applied to model diffusion in rock containing a small amount of a continuous fluid phase that surrounds small volume elements of the solid matrix. The model quantifies the relative role of diffusion in the fluid and solid phases of the rock. The fluid is the fast diffusion path, but the solid contains the volumetrically significant amount of the diffusing species. The double medium model consists of two coupled differential equations. One equation is the diffusion equation for the fluid concentration; it contains a source term for change in the average concentration of the diffusing species in the solid matrix. The second equation represents the assumption that the change in average concentration in a solid element is proportional to the difference between the average concentration in the solid and the concentration in the fluid times the solid-fluid partition coefficient. The double medium model is shown to apply to laboratory data on iron diffusion in fluid-bearing dunite and to measured oxygen isotope ratios at marble-metagranite contacts. In both examples, concentration profiles are calculated for diffusion taking place at constant temperature, where a boundary value changes suddenly and is subsequently held constant. Knowledge of solid diffusivities can set a lower bound to the length of time over which diffusion occurs, but only the product of effective fluid diffusivity and time is constrained for times longer than the characteristic solid diffusion time. The double medium results approach a local, grain-scale equilibrium model for times that are large relative to the time constant for solid diffusion.
Evaluation of contaminant ion adsorption/desorption on goethite using pressure jump relaxation kinetics

The adsorption/desorption of contaminant ions on soil constituents such as metal oxides occurs within milliseconds. The rapid kinetics of Cu e+ and arsenate adsorption/ desorption on goethite (α-FeOOH) were investigated using the pressure-jump (p-jump) relaxation technique, which provides rate constants and mechanistic information for fast reactions. Results of p-jump experiments at 25°C revealed that both Cu2+ and arsenate were specifically adsorbed on goethite. The divalent copper ion formed an inner-sphere monodentate surface complex, while arsenate formed an inner-sphere bidentate surface complex with goethite. In both cases, the rate constants for the adsorption reactions exceeded those for desorption, indicating that the desorption of Cu2+ and arsenate from the goethite surface was the rate-limiting process. Pressure jump relaxation techniques can be used to predict the adsorption behavior of heavy metals in soil environments.
Spiderless spider webs

A silk protein has now been heterologously expressed, isolated, and spun into fibers in vitro for the first time.
Indirect performance sensing for on-chip analog self-healing via Bayesian model fusion

On-chip analog self-healing requires low-cost sensors to accurately measure various performance metrics. In this paper we propose a novel approach of indirect performance sensing based upon Bayesian model fusion (BMF) to facilitate inexpensive-yet-accurate on-chip performance measurement. A 25GHz differential Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) designed in a 32nm CMOS SOI process is used to validate the proposed indirect performance sensing and self-healing methodology. Our silicon measurement results demonstrate that the parametric yield of the VCO is improved from 0% to 69.17% for a wafer after the proposed self-healing is applied.
The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem

An investigation was conducted to assess whether a chain of events could be established to explain the global 1977–78 climatic regime shift and its potential association with ecosystem change. Changes in the eastern Pacific ecosystem will be investigated with the goal of demonstrating that there is a link between changes in the stratosphere and changes in the ocean with consequent impacts on fisheries. This investigation focuses on global forcing mechanisms, including coupled solar and atmospheric dynamic forcing that appear to be associated with the 1977–78 regime shift and how they may have resulted in changes to the global ocean surface circulation and subsequent changes in fisheries. More specifically, as a follow-on to previous work, the analysis addresses how changes in the stratosphere and troposphere may influence the surface through the entire lower atmosphere and affect the eastern Pacific marine ecosystem. The changes in marine life induced by the regime shift are inferred from fish landing dat...
Evaluating quality in associate degree culinary arts programs

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine which categories and indicators of quality are best suited to evaluating associate degree culinary arts programs (ADCAP).Design/methodology/approach – The researchers surveyed a national sample of culinary educators and industry chefs in the USA. The instrument asked the participants to rate the importance levels of 50 potential quality indicators for ADCAP. The data were analyzed to determine the most important indicators as well as categories of indicators.Findings – Data analysis revealed the five most important indicators of quality, based on mean scores, to be: sanitation of kitchen laboratories; industry experience of faculty; subject experience of faculty; required internship; and job placement rates. From these data, the researchers developed a list of 20 suggested quality indicators. The indicators were originally divided into eight categories. The majority of the suggested indicators came from the faculty, organization and administration, and f...
Cognitive behavioral treatment of trichotillomania

In this brief commentary, we suggest that the cognitive-behavioral treatment of trichotillomania is a complex but rewarding venture. We review the two case studies of hair pulling presented by Roblek, Detweiler, Fearing, and Albano (1999) and comment on an individualized, prescriptive approach to assessment, conceptualization, and treatment. A clinical and functional analysis that is informed by the context in which the hair-pulling behavior occurs is espoused.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN 12-MONTH HEALTH STATUS IN YOUNG PATIENTS FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM THE VIRGO STUDY (VARIATION IN RECOVERY: ROLE OF GENDER ON OUTCOMES OF YOUNG ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS)

Despite the excess risk of mortality in young women (≤55 years) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there is relatively little known about their long-term health status (symptoms, functioning, quality of life). We assessed sex differences in health status over a period of 12-months
Calculated Auger transition rates for HF

We report ab initio calculations of Auger transition rates for hydrogen fluoride, using Hartree-Fock molecular orbitals from finite-basis Slater-type-orbitals calculations. Continuum orbitals are calculated as spherical waves in the single-center expanded-molecular potential. Results show reasonable agreement with experiment and with previous calculations for neon. The effect of final-state configuration mixing is discussed, as well as the use of perturbation theory for improving the continuum orbitals.
Modeling the hot flash experience in breast cancer survivors.

Objective: To evaluate relationships among different measures of hot flashes, perceived hot flash interference, and associated outcomes (positive affect, negative affect) while controlling potential covariates. Design: Breast cancer survivors (N = 236) provided demographic data, objective hot flash frequency data via sternal skin conductance monitoring, prospective diary-based hot flash frequency and severity data, and questionnaire data via the Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Results: Objective hot flash frequency and subjective hot flash severity emerged as separate factors in the structural equation model. Subjective hot flash frequency was associated with a high degree of unexplained variance (error) and seemed to be a potentially less accurate measure of either frequency or severity. Objective frequency was directly related to greater positive affect. In contrast, greater hot flash severity was (1) directly related to greater perceived hot flash interference and (2) indirectly related to more negative affect and lower positive affect through interference. Conclusions: Findings provide a theoretical basis for selecting among symptom measures and anticipating how interventions aimed at different hot flash measures might affect perceived hot flash interference or associated outcomes. Because objective hot flash frequency and subjective hot flash severity seemed to measure different dimensions, measuring both may provide a more comprehensive picture of women's symptom experiences.
Instrumental relationships: A potential relational model for inner-city youth programs

In this article, a distinct type of adult–youth relationship found in some youth programs and characterized as instrumental is discussed. Such relationships focus primarily on joint work on a task or project, or in a discipline, with the adult having expertise and a strong identity in the substantive domain involved, rather than in youth work per se. It is hypothesized that, by virtue of their matter-of-fact quality, their substantive focus, and their particular interactional patterns, instrumental relationships offer potential for some reworking of adolescents' sense of self. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 33: 11–20, 2005.
MICROSTRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF Y(1) BA(2)CU(3) OXIDE FIBERS

Abstract Dense, superconductive Y(1)Ba(2)Cu(3) oxide (SC-123) fibers can be prepared by spinning a dispersion of a particulate SC-123 precursor in an organic polymer solution followed by firing. Critical current density (Jc) of the SC-123 fibers ranges from 600 to 1600 A/cm2 at 77 K. The Jc correlates with room-temperature (RT) electrical resistivity. Implications of this correlation on grain boundary structure are discussed. The structure and properties of these SC-123 fibers are compared with fibers made using particulate SC-123 instead of precursor material. Melt-texturing of the SC-123 fibers will also be discussed.
A retrospective study of patients with cluster headaches.

Abstract Referred pain in the midface and teeth is a common clinical feature of the cluster headache and cluster headache-like disorders. It is not unusual therefore for patients with cluster headaches to go to the dentist. In this report, 33 cases of cluster headache, which met the International headache Society classification criteria, and which were seen by us during a 2-year period, are reviewed. Fourteen (42%) of 33 patients who were seen by dental practitioners and who received some form of ineffective dental or pharmacologic treatment are described here. Since almost 50% of the cluster headache patients described here received inappropriate dental treatment, it is hoped that this review and retrospective assessment will make the dental practitioner aware of this disorder and provide a broader perspective in the treatment of pain in the orofacial region. Clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment of cluster headaches are discussed.
Characterization of somatostatin receptors in the rat adrenal glomerulosa zone.

Specific receptors for somatostatin have been identified and characterized in the rat adrenal glomerulosa zone in vivo and in vitro by binding studies with [125I]iodo-Tyr-somatostatin. In adult rats, the injection of [125I]iodo-Tyr-somatostatin was followed by rapid uptake of the labeled peptide in several tissues. The highest uptake was in the adrenal capsule, with a tissue to blood ratio of 4.5, followed by kidney, anterior pituitary, and liver with tissue to blood ratios of 2.0,1.8, and 1.4, respectively. In vitro binding studies with adrenal capsular particles were performed at 16 C in the presence of bacitracin and thimerosal to reduce tracer degradation. Under these conditions, binding of [125I]iodo-Tyr-somatostatin to capsular membranerich fractions reached a steady state within 30–40 min and remained at a plateau for 120 min. Dissociation of bound somatostatin from its adrenal receptors was also rapid, with an initial half-time of 5 min. Equilibrium binding of somatostatin to adrenal capsular part...
Law and the Indo-China War

John Norton Moore, the most prominent legal scholar to defend a position basically in agreement with the present Administration, presents a coherent, well-argued interpretation of the specific legal issues raised by U.S. involvement in Vietnam and their implications for international and constitutional law.Originally published in 1972.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy: Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood

Consideration of GH re-testing should be performed in all adolescents reaching the transition period (if not at start of puberty) who had been previously diagnosed with idiopathic, isolated GH deficiency. In the presence of multiple hormone deficiencies and/or clear-cut evidence of organic disease, persistence of severe GH deficiency is much more likely. Thus, GH deficiency may be "confirmed" by a low serum IGF-I concentration. During the transition period, the optimal time to reassess the integrity of the GH-IGF-I axis after prior GH treatment, the specific testing protocol to use, and the definition of GH deficiency all remain unknown. During the transition period, patients should have their GH dose lowered with (upward) adjustments made on the basis of age-and gender-adjusted serum IGF-I concentrations. GH treatment during the transition period has been shown in most, but not all, studies to be beneficial in preventing development of the features of the adult GH deficiency syndrome. It is important to remember that, during the transition period in teenagers with GH deficiency, there must be initiation of a careful plan for transfer of care to an intermist-endocrinologist with expertise in management of hypothalamic-pituitary disease in young adults.
The effect of chemical sympathectomy on natural killer cells in mice

The nervous system affects immune regulation. We permanently ablated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) of CBA mice with 6-OHDA at birth. Function of splenic natural killer (NK) cells in the sympathectomized mice was equivalent to controls at 2 weeks, but rose significantly above control levels at 4 weeks. NK cell function decreased below control values thereafter. NK cell numbers paralleled these changes in NK cell function. Our data suggest that the SNS may regulate the number and function of splenic NK cells during development.
Incidence of prostate cancer diagnosis in the eras before and after serum prostate-specific antigen testing.

Objective. —To estimate the incidence of prostate cancer in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1983 through 1992 to describe the secular changes that have occurred since the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to the community medical practice in 1987. Design. —Population-based, descriptive epidemiological study with ecologic and individual level comparisons over time. Study Setting. —Olmsted County, Minnesota, where the Rochester Epidemiology Project provides passive surveillance of the population for health outcomes. Subjects. —All 511 biopsy-proven incident cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed from 1983 through 1992. The community inpatient and outpatient medical records of all incident cases were reviewed to evaluate the presenting characteristics of men at the time of diagnosis. Results. —The age-adjusted incidence of biopsy-proven prostate cancer increased from 64 per 100 000 person-years in 1983 to 215 per 100 000 person-years in 1992. The increase occurred primarily between 1987 and 1988 and was predominately for organ-confined tumors. The age-specific incidence increased dramatically in this same period among men aged 50 years and older. Among men aged 70 years and older, however, prostate carcinoma incidence rates declined after 1990 following the initial increase. This decline among older men contrasted with community-based estimates of PSA utilization rates, which demonstrated consistent increases since 1987 to nearly 50% of the older population in 1992. Conclusion. —These results support the premise that the recent increase in prostate cancer is due in part to the increased utilization of serum PSA testing. Further, the increased incidence appears to be a transient phenomenon due to the depletion of previously undiagnosed cases from the prevalence pool. Finally, these data suggest that, in terms of stage at diagnosis, early detection efforts may be effective in identifying more early stage (smaller) cancers. ( JAMA . 1995;274:1445-1449)
Pattern Component Ratio In Pattern-Reversal Vep: Normative Data And Clinical Applications

It has been well-established that there is a quite reliable implicit time to a positive component (ca 100 msec) in respect to pattern reversal. This has been used as a neurological test of the integrity of the visual system. Our own findings indicate, however, that sub-cortical activity contributes strongly to that component.
Numerical modeling of response of monolithic and bilayer plates to impulsive loads

Abstract In this paper, we present and discuss the results of our numerical simulation of the dynamic response and failure modes of circular DH-36 steel plates and DH-36 steel–polyurea bilayers, subjected to impulsive loads in reverse ballistic experiments. In our previous article, we reported the procedure and results of these experiments [MR Amini, JB Isaacs, S Nemat-Nasser. Experimental investigation of response of monolithic and bilayer plates to impulsive loads. accepted]. For the numerical simulations, we have used physics-based and experimentally-supported temperature- and rate-sensitive constitutive models for steel and polyurea, including in the latter case the pressure effects. Comparing the simulation and the experimental results, we focus on identifying the potential underpinning mechanisms that control the deformation and failure modes of both monolithic steel and steel–polyurea bilayer plates. The numerical simulations reveal that the bilayer plate has a superior performance over the monolithic plate if the polyurea layer is cast on its back face (opposite to the blast-receiving side). The presence of the polyurea layer onto the front face (blast-receiving side) amplifies the initial shock loading and thereby enhances the destructive effect of the blast, promoting (rather than mitigating) the failure of the steel plate. In addition, the interface bonding strength between polyurea and steel is examined numerically and it is observed that the interface bonding strength has a significant effect on the performance of the steel–polyurea bilayer plates. The numerical simulations support the experimentally observed facts provided the entire experiment is simulated, employing realistic physics-based constitutive models for all constituents.
Yolk proteins in developing follicles of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.)

The occurence of the two major yolk proteins in vitellogenic follicles at various stages of development in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, was studied electrophoretically. Follicles were staged into size classes ranging from 0.75 mm (stage I) to ≥2.0 mm (stage IV) for unfertilized eggs (chorionated follicles) and the molar ratio of the two vitellins within follicles of each stage determined. The ratio of vitellin I to vitellin II during the early stages of vitellogenesis was found to be greater than that during later stages, suggesting the possibility of changing selectivity of vitellogenin uptake by follicles as they progress through the vitellogenic phases of oogensis. The relative distribution of vitellins I and II within the cytoplasm of unfertilized, chorionated follicles was studied by sectioning stage IV follicles into thirds and determining the molar ration of vitellin I to II in each third. It was found that a differential distribution of each vitellin is established during oogenesis such that vitellin I is present in greater quantities in the posterior region and vitellin II in greater quantities in the anterior region of the follicle. The molecular weights of the two vitellins were estimated using native polyacrylamide gels of varying percents acrylamide. The molecular weights of vitellins I and II were estimated at 352,000 and 327,000 daltons, respectively.
A Simple Code for Installing Hepatocyte Function

Forced lineage conversion of accessible cell types can supply scarce or inaccessible cells for research and therapy. Two papers in Nature now report the identification of transcription factors sufficient for inducing therapeutically effective hepatocyte function in fibroblasts (Huang et al., 2011; Sekiya and Suzuki, 2011).