cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controlled Nitrogen-Atom Incorporation At Si-SiO2 Interfaces in Mis Devices

We have developed a new pre-deposition, remote N2O plasma oxidation treatment for forming nitrided SiO2 films and report here the quality and reliability of devices fabricated with these films. The Si-dielectric heterostructure process has been separated into three independently-controlled steps: i) final Si surface cleaning, and Si – SiO2 interface formation by plasma-assisted oxidation/nitridation at 300 °C; ii) remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nitrided dielectrics, also at 300 °C; and iii) optional post-deposition rapid thermal annealing. This paper focuses on the first step in which the oxidation has been performed with O2, N2O or N2O / O2 mixtures to control the amount of N-atoms at the interface, Nint. We show that the incorporation of up to ∼ 1015 N-atoms/cm2 at the Si-SiO2 interface by this process has no effect on threshold voltage, Vt, or peak channel transconductance, gm,max, but does improve high-field gm and transistor drive current. Improved resistance to Vt and gm,max degradation during hot-carrier stressing of sub-micron devices is also discussed.
B cells gone rogue: the intersection of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and autoimmune disease

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by genetic, genomic and clinical heterogeneity. Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have recently been shown to represent significant risk factors for development of DLBCL.Areas covered: Studies that examined the relationships between AIDs and lymphoma in terms of pathogenesis, genetic lesions, and treatment were identified in the MEDLINE database using combinations of medical subject heading (MeSH) terms. Co-authors independently performed study selection for inclusion based on appropriateness of the study question and nature of the study design and sample size.Expert commentary: Identification of AID as a substantial risk factor for DLBCL raises new questions regarding how autoimmunity influences lymphomagenesis and disease behavior. It will be important to identify whether DLBCL cases arising in the setting of AID harbor inferior prognoses, and, if so, whether they also exhibit certain molecular abnormalities that may be targeted to ov...
An Effective Intervention in Research Methods That Reduces Psychology Majors' Sexist Prejudices.

We tested the effectiveness of a course-long intervention in an undergraduate Research Methods course aimed toward reducing students’ endorsement of hostile sexism (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS). ...
The riddle of style

Personal style, the image of the author in the work, originates neither in deliberate self-portraiture nor in unconscious signatures. In the 2003 film The Five Obstructions, the director Lars von Trier tries, and fails, to compel his collaborator Jorgen Leth to ruin the style of his 1967 film The Perfect Human. In doing so, von Trier inadvertently succeeds in distinguishing style from form. This essay proposes three explanations for the resilience of Leth’s style: the energy of artistry, the currently unfashionable energy of modernism and the particular release of energy that occurs when elements of style are reduced to formal features.
White Matter Disorders

This chapter describes white matter disorders or leukoencephalopathy, a pathological change that leads to nonspecific radiological findings. Symptomatic patients have characteristic clinical findings that depend on tissue damage by the underlying pathology and the region of the white matter affected. Damage to the white matter in the adult occurs with ischemia, demyelination, infection, vasculitis, and dysmyelination due to enzyme deficits. Clinically, patients with white matter disease have a variety of symptoms, and diagnosis in this group of illnesses must be based on a combination of neurological findings, blood tests, and neuroimaging tests. Radiation to the brain during treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors can cause an acute necrosis in the early phases of treatment. Patients treated for acute leukemia with radiation and intrathecal injection of methotrexate show diffuse changes in the white matter. Smaller doses of radiation over a longer period of time reduce the incidence of secondary radiation injury to the brain. The etiology of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy may be from ischemic changes as in the end stage of lacunar state, but it may be a form of demyelination.
Family Labour Supply Decisions in Rural Peru

Raising rural incomes and increasing agricultural production are two of the primary challenges facing policy-makers in developing countries. While increasing agricultural production calls for policies that raise the return to agricultural activities, higher rural incomes could be achieved by raising both agricultural and non-agricultural returns. The resulting impacts on incomes and agricultural production depend heavily upon the family labour supply responses in both agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Because raising the return of one work activity relative to the other can induce a reallocation of labour between activities, both sectors must be considered jointly. For instance, if an increase in agricultural production comes at the expense of work in non-agricultural activities rather than leisure, the net effect on rural incomes may be negligible. If, at the same time, these policies result in a decline in agricultural output, then the cost of this decline needs to be considered in the evaluation of the policies.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoaryloxide Halide Alkylidene Complexes for Z-Selective Cross-Metathesis of Cyclooctene and Z-1,2-Dichloroethylene.

Molybdenum complexes with the general formula Mo(NR)(CHR′)(OR″)(Cl)(MeCN) (R = t-Bu or 1-adamantyl; OR″ = a 2,6-terphenoxide) recently have been found to be highly active catalysts for cross-metathesis reactions between Z-internal olefins and Z-1,2-dichloroethylene or Z-(CF3)CH═CH(CF3). In this paper we report methods of synthesizing new potential catalysts with the general formula M(NR)(CHR′)(OR″)(Cl)(L) in which M = Mo or W, NR = N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl or NC6F5, and L is a phosphine, a pyridine, or a nitrile. We also test and compare all catalysts in the cross-metathesis of Z-1,2-dichloroethylene and cyclooctene. Our investigations indicate that tungsten complexes are inactive in the test reaction either because the donor is bound too strongly or because acetonitrile inserts into a W═C bond. The acetonitrile or pivalonitrile Mo(NR)(CHR′)(OR″)(Cl)(L) complexes are found to be especially reactive because the 14e Mo(NR)(CHR′)(OR″)Cl core is accessible through dissociation of the nitrile to a significant e...
A Proposal to Limit the Anti-Competitive Power of Institutional Investors

Recent scholarship has shown that mutual funds and other institutional investors may cause softer competition among product market rivals because of their significant ownership stakes in competing firms in concentrated industries. While recent calls for litigation against them under Section 7 of the Clayton Act are understandable, private or indiscriminate government litigation could also cause significant disruption to equity markets because of its inherent unpredictability and would fail to eliminate most of the harms from common ownership. To minimize this disruption while achieving competitive conditions in oligopolistic markets, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission should take the lead by adopting a public enforcement policy of the Clayton Act against institutional investors — the original authors of the Act intended it to be used. We outline such a policy in this article. Investors in firms in well-defined oligopolistic industries must choose either to limit their holdings of an industry to a small stake (no more than 1% of the total size of the industry) or to hold the shares of only a single “effective firm.” Investors that violate this rule face government litigation. Using simulations based on empirical evidence, we show that under broad assumptions this rule would generate large competitive gains while having minimal negative effects on diversification and other values. The rule would also improve corporate governance by institutional investors.
A Googolplex of Go Games

We establish the existence of \(10^{10^{100}}\) Go games, addressing an open problem in “Combinatorics of Go” by Tromp and Farneback.
Abstract 2546: HDAC and Hsp90 inhibition as therapeutic strategy for translocation renal cell carcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Background: Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is an aggressive subtype of kidney cancer, which mainly occurs in young patients. The prevalence of this disease is about 30% in pediatric RCC, but ∼1% in adult RCC cases. Patients with tRCC are refractory to standard therapies for clear cell RCC. Therefore, there is no efficient treatment for this type of kidney cancer. The tRCC harbors gene fusions involving the TFE3 transcription factor on chromosome X with several partner genes, leading to TFE3 elevation in the cell nucleus, but its function remains unclear. We have successfully established a cell line and patient-derived xenograft from a tRCC patient to develop rational therapeutic strategies and understand the tumor biology. Methods: We have utilized a feeder layer containing a ROCK inhibitor to favorably generate a cell line, 277T, from a young tRCC patient. Also, we have implanted tumor samples from the patient subcutaneously into SCID mice to establish a patient-derived xenograft model, RP-R-07, and continuously maintain tumor growth in vivo. Cells were treated with different drugs, and then assessed by MTT assay and trypan blue staining for growth inhibition and cell death investigations. TFE3 expression in cells and tumors were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The combined drug effects were determined by CalcuSyn analysis. Results: Our preliminary results demonstrated that TFE3 is predominately expressing in the nucleus of 277T cells and RP-R-07 tumor model compared to other subtypes of RCC by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Further, we treated 277T cells with several cytotoxic drugs showing that the cells didn't respond to docetaxel, doxorubicin, rapamycin, or a PI3K-mTOR inhibitor, but were sensitive to the Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922, and the HDAC inhibitor LBH589. Moreover, combining both AUY922 and LBH589 induced greater cell death compared to each single treatment (73% vs 41% for LBH589; 73% vs 19% for AUY922). In addition, an in vivo experiment indicated that LBH589 did inhibit tumor growth. Conclusions: Overall our results indicate that tRCC is sensitive to HSP90 and HDAC inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of LBH589 and AUY922 represents a promising strategy for treating tRCC Citation Format: Sheng-Yu Ku, Swathi Ramakrishnan, Eric Ciamporcero, Bo Xu, Gissou Azabdaftari, Richard Cheney, Roberto Pili. HDAC and Hsp90 inhibition as therapeutic strategy for translocation renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2546
Factors Associated With College Students’ Responses to Rape-Disclosure Scenarios: Influence of Gender, Rape Characteristics, and Opinions About Health Professionals

ABSTRACTFew studies examine the role of friends in victims’ decisions to seek help from health professionals. This study used a sample of college students (N = 637) to examine the factors that may influence whether students would advise a friend to seek help from health professionals. After providing an open-ended response to a vignette, students answered a series of questions about formal support providers, attitudes toward women and rape victims, and their background. Findings suggest a gender divide on the advice given, and more students who responded to an acquaintance-rape scenario recommended that a victim contact health professionals in comparison to those whose scenario depicted an intimate partner rape. Implications are discussed, focusing on the role of friends and campus policy in minimizing the impacts of victimization.
Dynamical selection in developing fermionic pairing

We consider the development of pairing in an ideal Fermi gas in the presence of a time-dependent BCS interaction. The pairing amplitude time evolution is controlled by the interplay of linear instability of the unpaired state and nonlinear interactions which limit the growth. This results in oscillatory time dependence with predictable characteristics, selecting periodic soliton trains of a specific form, described by a Jacobi elliptic function. While the parameters of the soliton train, such as the period, amplitude, and time lag, fluctuate among different realizations, the elliptic function form remains robust. The parameter fluctuations are accounted for by the randomness of particle distribution in the initial unpaired state.
Chapter 23 – Mineralization in Mammals

Abstract The formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in biologic tissues is regulated by physicochemical and biologic factors. This chapter reviews these factors in terms of the indirect and direct effects of vitamin D on the regulation of mineral deposition in bones and teeth. Changes in mineral chemical composition, mineral crystal size, and tissue mechanical properties in animal models of vitamin D deficiency and excess, provide insight into the mechanisms of vitamin D action.
Temperature-induced pseudopolymorphism of molecular salts from a pyridyl bis-urea macrocycle and naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid.

Molecular salts, often observed as cocrystals, play an important role in the fields of pharmaceutics and materials science, where salt formation is used to tune the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and improve the stability of solid-state materials. Salt formation via a proton-transfer reaction typically alters hydrogen-bonding motifs and influences supramolecular assembly patterns. We report here the molecular salts formed by the pyridyl bis-urea macrocycle 3,5,13,15,21,22-hexaazatricyclo[15.3.1.17,11]docosa-1(21),7(22),8,10,17,19-hexaene-4,14-dione, (1), and naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (H2NDS) as two salt cocrystal solvates, namely 4,14-dioxo-3,5,13,15,21,22-hexaazatricyclo[15.3.1.17,11]docosa-1(21),7(22),8,10,17,19-hexaene-21,22-diium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate, C16H20N6O22+·C10H6O6S22-·2C2H6OS, (2), and the corresponding monosolvate, C16H20N6O22+·C10H6O6S22-·C2H6OS, (3). This follows the ΔpKa rule such that there is a proton transfer from H2NDS to (1), forming the reported molecular salts through hydrogen bonding. Prior to salt formation, (1) is relatively planar and assembles into columnar structures. The salt cocrystal solvates were obtained upon slow cooling of dimethyl sulfoxide-acetonitrile solutions of the molecular components from two temperatures (363 and 393 K). The proton transfer to (1) significantly alters the conformation of the macrocycle, changing the formerly planar macrocycle into a step-shaped conformation with trans-cis urea groups in (2) or into a bowl-shape conformation with trans-trans urea groups in (3).
Vibration and Thermal Energy Harvesting System for Automobiles with Impedance Matching and Wake-up

This paper presents a system for vibration and thermal energy harvesting from automobiles, and it intends to power wireless sensor nodes. Two main features of the proposed circuit are impedance matching to extract maximum power and wake-up to incorporate sleep mode. Two separate buck-boost converters in discontinuous conduction mode are used for impedance matching. A wake-up circuit senses the vibration energy generated by a piezoelectric cantilever (PZT). When a car is turned off, the wake-up circuit deactivates the two converters, and the entire circuit goes into sleep mode to save power. The proposed circuit charges a capacitor to power a wireless sensor node, and is able to cold start. The proposed circuit is prototyped with discrete components. Experimental results show that the proposed system harvests peak power of 3.4 mW and these results also demonstrate that a wireless sensor node can be powered by the proposed system.
The effect of hypertonicity on aldose reductase, alpha B-crystallin, and organic osmolytes in the retinal pigment epithelium.

Purpose Aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme implicated in diabetic complications of ocular tissues, has been suggested to play a physiologic role in kidney and, possibly, other tissues by elevating the organic osmolytes in conditions of heightened extracellular tonicity. Hypertonicity has been shown to induce AR and alpha B-crystallin in some cells. To examine if similar mechanisms are operating in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), another target tissue of diabetic complications, we studied the effect of hypertonic media on the induction of AR, alpha B-crystallin, myoinositol, taurine, and other free amino acids. Methods Human RPE cells were cultured in normal and hypertonic media containing 150 mmol/l NaCl or 200 mmol/l cellobiose in combination with 30 mmol/l galactose from 0-8 days. Western blot analysis with antibodies were used to measure the expression of AR and alpha B-crystallin. Hybridization of northern blots using AR and alpha B-crystallin complementary DNA probes were employed for the measurement of the respective messenger RNA for these proteins. Changes in the levels of myoinositol, galactitol, taurine, and other free amino acids were determined biochemically. Results AR and alpha B-crystallin messenger RNA levels rose 16-fold and 4-fold, respectively, when human RPE cells were cultured for 3 days in media supplemented with either 150 mmol/l NaCl or 200 mmol/l cellobiose. AR and alpha B-crystallin protein levels also increased significantly, as seen by western blots. Consistent with the increased AR, galactitol accumulated to a greater extent when human RPE cells were grown in media containing 30 mmol/l galactose plus 150 mmol/l NaCl compared with cells grown in 30 mmol/l galactose alone. An 11-fold increase in cellular myoinositol and a 1.4-fold increase in taurine was observed in cells exposed to hypertonic media. Conclusions These findings suggest that human RPE cells are responsive to hypertonic stress by elevating AR activity and use intracellular organic solutes in an interactive manner to help regulate intracellular tonicity.
Einbau und Verwendung der Kugellager

Die Befestigung des Laufringsystems geschieht in der Regel dadurch, das der innere Laufring mit festem Sitz (Aufbringen durch leichte Schlage auf Hartholzklotz) oder mit Pressitz (Auftreiben mit groser Gewalt durch harte Schlage oder Schraubenpressen) auf die Welle gebracht und seitlich durch Muttern, Wellenbunde, Rohrenden oder Stellringe fixiert wird (Fig. 65). Dabei ist zu beachten, das die Bezeichnungen: „Fester Sitz“ und „Pressitz“ keine scharf umgrenzten Begriffe darstellen1).
Surgical Resident Burnout and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Workplace Climate and Perceived Support.

Abstract Background Surgical residents train under immense stress, often manifesting into poor well-being. While recent research identifies methods of coping with stress, few studies empirically investigate the role of the environment on surgical resident well-being. We aimed to assess surgical resident perceptions of workplace climate, organizational support, burnout, and job satisfaction to test a mediation model identifying antecedents to well-being. Materials and methods A convenience sampling of program directors from general surgery within the Eastern region of the United States were emailed to request either agenda time to collection data via paper survey or to forward an electronic survey link to their residents between March 2016 and June 2016. The survey included scales demonstrating validity evidence on well-being, climate, and perceptions of support. Results Based on 160 general surgery residents (out of 557; 29% response rate) across 19 training programs, our mediation model found that job satisfaction was significantly predicted by workplace climate directly (direct effect = 0.37, 95% CI [0.19, 0.55]) and indirectly (specific indirect effect = 0.07, 95% CI [0.01, 0.13]) through perceived organizational support and burnout, while controlling for training year and gender, F(5,147) = 53.76, P Conclusions Medical education requires an additional focus on how the clinical learning environment affects surgical resident well-being. Health systems and training programs will need to collaborate on workplace innovations to improve workplace climate for trainees to address the concerns of well-being with a modern surgical workforce.
Academic peer tutors and academic biliteracy development in students of Spanish as a heritage language

This study explores the literacy development of students who speak Spanish as a heritage language and who participate in mandatory, peer-to-peer tutoring sessions outside of the classroom. We explore students’ academic development as well as their self-positioning as heritage speakers in a bilingual academic setting. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), we analyze the written production of seven bilingual students enrolled in a Native Speaker Program at a large, public university. We focus on the development of their academic language through the support of a heritage language tutor and explore the role of the peer tutor as a facilitator in this process. Additionally, we employ Appraisal Theory to analyze interviews in which the same participants explore their bilingual identities and how they position themselves interpersonally as a result of conversations held with a peer mentor, thus demonstrating the benefits of learning Spanish as a heritage language through peer-led learning in ...
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF RARE AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS IN THE DISC1 INTERACTOME IMPLICATED IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Background Disrupted In Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene is a well-researched target for developing psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. DISC1 protein directly interacts with a large set of proteins, so-called DISC1 Interactome, that are involved in brain development and neuronal signaling. Recent exome sequencing projects showed that coding variants with low allele frequency have large effects on the risk for developing schizophrenia, which indicates that rare mutations account for much of the missing heritability in the development of schizophrenia. Methods In the presented study, we applied bioinformatics approaches to analyse the effects of rare amino acid substitutions in the DISC1 Interactome on protein structure and function from public databases. We applied sequence-based machine learning methods to predict the effects of the rare disease-causing mutations on protein function, protein stability and post translational modification. In addition, we carried out structure-based modelling methods to analyse the effects of rare mutations on protein stability and protein-protein interaction. Results We collected 6,254 non-synonymous coding mutations reported in the 1000 Genomes Project located in 104 DISC1 Interactome genes from dbNSFP. Of the 6,254 variants, 5,929 coding mutations (95%) are rare amino acid substitutions with a minor allele frequency less than 1%. We observed that the distributions of damaging mutations are found to be higher in rare mutations than those in common mutations in the DISC1 Interactome. Some amino acid substitutions may be involved in post translational modifications such as phosphorylation and sumoylation. We showed that the rare missense mutations could significantly affect the protein structures, which result in the changes on protein stability and protein-protein interaction. Discussion The bioinformatics analysis improves our understanding of the roles of rare amino acid substitutions in the DISC1 interactome genes in susceptibility to schizophrenia. The findings can provide useful information to estimate the functional effects of rare DISC1 Interactome mutations on protein function and structure, which offer the targets for developing more precise treatments and medications for schizophrenia patients.
Characteristics of effective collaboration: A study of Nurse-Family Partnership and child welfare

Abstract Background In February 2018, President Trump signed into law the Family First Prevention Act, legislation in the United States aimed at providing prevention services for families at risk of entering the child welfare system. The effectiveness of these prevention efforts is dependent on the formation of collaborative relationships between prevention-programs and child welfare. Objective To identify factors that influence the ability of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and Child Protective Services (CPS) to collaborate in serving high-risk mothers and their children. Participants 123 NFP, CPS workers, and community partners. Setting Seven sites in the U.S. state of Colorado selected to include an array of community sizes, geographies, apparent levels of collaboration, and variations in internal structures and practices. Methods Using an adapted grounded theory approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with frontline NFP and CPS workers and supervisors. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, validated, and coded in NVivo 10. Results Alignment of core organizational mission and methods was key in determining collaboration levels between NFP and CPS. Only when workers perceived there to be alignment in organizational mission, did other factors such as program eligibility, communication channels, and risk and safety assessment practices influence the perceived benefits and efforts undertaken to enhance collaboration. Conclusions High-risk families frequently require services that go beyond the scope of any one organization. As programs that serve high-risk families refine their efforts to serve them effectively, collaborative efforts should focus on examining opportunities and challenges involved in creating greater mission alignment.
Concomitant use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors prevent trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity in HER2+ breast cancer patients: an institutional retrospective study

Cardiotoxicity is an adverse effect of trastuzumab (TRA) in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Current literature on the cardioprotective effects of agents targeted against the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and beta-blockers (BB) in TRA-treated HER2+ breast cancer patients is conflicting. We hypothesized that concurrent use of RAAS inhibitors would prevent TRA-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC). Surveillance ejection fraction (EF) at 3-month intervals up to 36 months obtained from echocardiogram or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scans were retrospectively compared to baseline EF in TRA-treated HER2+ breast cancer patients between 2011 to 2016 at a tertiary cancer center. TIC was defined as a decrease of EF by more than 15 EF percentage points from baseline on surveillance imaging. Cardiac medications and comorbidities were compared between patients with reduced EF secondary to TIC (rEF) and patients who did not experience TIC (pEF). A published clinical risk score (CRS) was applied to the patient population with calculated sensitivity analyses to determine if the CRS could predict TIC. Of 127 patients with TRA-treated HER2+ breast cancer, 11% developed cardiotoxicity resulting in discontinuation of TRA. Cardiotoxicity with reduced EF was seen as early as 3 months and at subsequent 3-month follow up intervals up to the 15-month follow-up. Co-existing arrhythmia, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) tended to infer an increased risk for cardiotoxicity. Patients with pEF were found to be concurrently on a RAAS inhibitor more than the rEF group (OR of 0.24, 95% CI 0.05–1.11, p 0.06). The CRS high-risk cut-off had a sensitivity of 0.17 (95% CI 0.03–0.49), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.94), positive predictive value of 0.14 (95% CI 0.03–0.44) and negative predictive value of 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.95). Our data suggest that the concurrent use of a RAAS inhibitors during TRA treatment may provide a protective effect against TIC and warrants further investigation. The low sensitivity and positive predictive value demonstrated that the CRS has minimal utility as a screening tool for prediction of patients at high risk for TIC. Therefore, closer surveillance of patients receiving TRA is warranted for early detection of TIC.
Nanometre‐scale structure from powder diffraction: total scattering and atomic pair distribution function analysis

The methods for studying nanometre-scale structure in materials from powder diffraction data are often referred to as `total scattering' or atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. This chapter aims to present the background theory in a rigorous but intuitive way. Different approaches to modelling the data are also described.
Pokey O’s: Determining the Location and Future Structure of a Dessert Food Truck:

This case recounts the story of the start-up in 2015 of a food truck named Pokey O’s that sold ice cream and cookies in downtown Waco, Texas. The couple who owned the truck, Julia and Austin Meek, ...
Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Summary In animal models, time-restricted feeding (TRF) can prevent and reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) in human pilot studies reduces the risks of metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. However, patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome often undergo pharmacotherapy, and it has never been tested whether TRE can act synergistically with pharmacotherapy in animal models or humans. In a single-arm, paired-sample trial, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and a baseline mean daily eating window of ≥14 h, the majority of whom were on a statin and/or antihypertensive therapy, underwent 10 h of TRE (all dietary intake within a consistent self-selected 10 h window) for 12 weeks. We found this TRE intervention improves cardiometabolic health for patients with metabolic syndrome receiving standard medical care including high rates of statin and anti-hypertensive use. TRE is a potentially powerful lifestyle intervention that can be added to standard medical practice to treat metabolic syndrome. Video Abstract Download : Download video (17MB)
The value of implementation frameworks: Using the active implementation frameworks to guide system-wide implementation of Collaborative Problem Solving

In the last decade, many implementation frameworks have emerged that consolidate the research on implementation science, guiding purveyors and service agencies in improving implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs). In this paper, we describe how the purveyor of one EBP utilized the active implementation frameworks (AIFs) to define and standardize strategies for site-wide implementation. We illustrate what implementation looked like before and after using AIFs to understand implementation, as well as some ways in which using the AIFs helped the purveyor identify, and then overcome, barriers to implementation. This paper provides a model for others who seek to use AIFs to guide their implementation practices, or more broadly, an illustration of how to use any implementation framework to ensure best practices in implementation.
I Kalasha del Hindu Kush: ricerche linguistiche e antropologiche

The Kalush are the last Kafirs (pagans) of Hindu Kush and speak an Indo-European language, which makes them a particularly precious resource for the Indo-European scholar. This thesis offers an in-depth study of their language and of some aspects of their culture. Starting from the data collected during a field study in the least well-known of the three Kalasha valleys, on the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, the author proposes a contrastive analysis of the everyday language and that used for poetry. This analysis, and the mass of ethnographic data considered, enable the author to identify the socio-cultural reasons behind certain linguistic choices that can be observed in the poetic discourse, thus bringing to light the essence of the relations between language and culture.I Kalasha sono gli ultimi Kafiri (pagani) del Hindu Kush e parlano una lingua indeuropea: questo fa di loro un prezioso scrigno per l'indeuropeista. La tesi offre una trattazione approfondita della loro lingua e di alcuni aspetti della loro cultura. Partendo dai dati raccolti durante una ricerca sul campo nella meno nota delle tre valli kalasha, al confine tra Pakistan e Afghanistan, l'autore propone un'analisi contrastiva della lingua d'uso quotidiano e di quella d'uso poetico. Questa analisi e la mole dei dati etnografici considerati permettono all'autore di identificare le ragioni socio-culturali di alcune scelte linguistiche osservabili nel discorso poetico, mettendo cosi a nudo l'essenza della relazione tra lingua e cultura.
7 – SIMULATION STUDIES

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the simulation studies of generated data. It presents how TETRAD handles the problems in which data were generated from a known linear model. When multiple edges are missing the TETRAD program will, if the initial model is correct and the sample sizes are large, often reduce the number of alternative models to a handful, including the correct model, but it will not usually produce the correct model uniquely. The TETRAD strategy for solving these problems is easy. The common skeletal graph is given and the data set is given to TETRAD. The chapter presents the cases in which TETRAD was able to give a unique and correct answer because the modeling assumptions were strictly realized, the sample size was large, and only one additional edge or correlated error was required. In the cases in which several edges or correlated errors must be inferred from an initial model and data, the program will not usually fix upon a single alternative, but it will serve to dramatically reduce the possibilities.
Improvements in irritability with sertraline versus placebo: Findings from the EMBARC study

Abstract Background This report seeks to evaluate improvements in symptoms of irritability with sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant) versus placebo. Methods Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study who were randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with either sertraline or placebo and completed 5-item irritability domain of Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale (CAST-IRR) at baseline were included (n = 292). Repeated measures mixed model analysis with CAST-IRR as the outcome variable and treatment arm-by-time interaction as the independent variable of interest evaluated whether changes in irritability with treatment differed between sertraline and placebo arms. A separate analysis controlled for levels of overall depression severity (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, and site. Results There was a significant treatment arm-by-time interaction (F = 6.96, df = 6, 1418, p Limitations Secondary analysis, limited generalizability, lack of non-serotonergic antidepressants. Discussion There is greater improvement in irritability with sertraline than with placebo. Improvement in irritability with sertraline was independent of its effects on overall depression severity. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01407094
Study design to evaluate a group-based therapy for support persons of adults on buprenorphine/naloxone.

Opioid use disorders (OUDs) have devastating effects on individuals, families, and communities. While medication treatments for OUD save lives and are increasingly utilized, rates of treatment dropout are very high. In addition, most existing medication treatments for OUD may often neglect the impact of untreated OUD on relationships and ignore the potential role support persons (SPs) could have on encouraging long-term recovery, which can also impact patient treatment retention. The current study adapts Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for use with SPs (family member, spouse or friend) of patients using buprenorphine/naloxone (buprenorphine) in an outpatient community clinic setting. The study will evaluate whether the adapted intervention, also known as integrating support persons into recovery (INSPIRE), is effective in increasing patient retention on buprenorphine when compared to usual care. We will utilize a two-group randomized design where patients starting or restarting buprenorphine will be screened for support person status and recruited with their support person if eligible. Support persons will be randomly assigned to the INSPIRE intervention, which will consist of 10 rolling group sessions led by two facilitators. Patients and SPs will each be assessed at baseline, 3 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline. Patient electronic medical record data will be collected at six and 12 months post-baseline. We will examine mechanisms of intervention effectiveness and also conduct pre/post-implementation surveys with clinic staff to assess issues that would affect sustainability. Incorporating the patient’s support system may be an important way to improve treatment retention in medication treatments for OUD. If SPs can serve to support patient retention, this study would significantly advance work to help support the delivery of effective treatments that prevent the devastating consequences associated with OUD. Trial registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04239235. Registered 27 January 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04239235 .
Diagnosis and management of small pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor associated with Cushing syndrome.

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is rare and identification of its source is often challenging. We report the case of an ectopic Cushing syndrome in a young adult male secondary to an occult ACTH producing atypical carcinoid tumor. Extensive biochemical and imaging workup was unrevealing. The diagnosis was aided by Ga-DOTA PET scan demonstrating a suspicious left upper lobe lung nodule. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic exploration with wedge resection and mediastinal lymphadenectomy of a T2aN2M0 atypical carcinoid, resulting in the normalization of ACTH levels and complete resolution of symptoms. The role of a Ga-DOTA PET scan in diagnosing pulmonary carcinoid tumors and their management are discussed.
Predicting Survival in ALS Using Machine Learning Algorithms - a Preliminary Analysis (5374)

Objective: Use machine learning to better predict survival outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Background: ALS is a progressive degenerative motor neuron disease. Due to the heterogeneity of the disease and difficulty predicting disease progression, interventional trials are lengthy and require large sample sizes to account for this. Tools that better stratify patients based on predicted survival or rate of disease progression would increase our ability to design shorter and cheaper clinical trials with a higher chance of success. Design/Methods: In collaboration with CloudMedx Inc we analyzed the publicly available Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials (PROACT) database to develop a machine learning framework to identify variables with high predictive power for survival stratification. Seven hundred twenty-six patients with complete records were divided into three buckets for survival and normalized to 242 patients per bucket. Running algorithms of k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest model, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), this model was trained, validated, and tested with initial visit data and 90-day data to develop an outcome prediction algorithm. Results: The CloudMedx ALS Framework (CMX-ALS) identified twenty highly predictive variables for survival. Data from 90-day and initial visit predicted survival outcomes with 82% and 70% accuracy respectively. This stratified patients into survival groups of less than 1 year, 1–2 years, and greater than 2 years. We identified seven new lab variables (bicarbonate, hematocrit, potassium, chloride, AST, glucose, and hemoglobin) and two medications (amitriptyline and baclofen) that were highly predictive of survival outcomes, and have not previously been mentioned in survival prediction models. Conclusions: Patient stratification using machine learning methods will allow for smaller sample sizes in trial design. Additionally, we identified new variables and medications that were not previously considered for outcome efficacy. Disclosure: Dr. Jacobsen has nothing to disclose. Yes - Amylyx Advisory Board
Implementing virtual mind-body programming to support cancer patients during COVID-19

1585Background: Despite growing evidence of mind-body therapies for physical and psychological health among patients with cancer, their access remains limited. The COVID-19 pandemic has further dis...
The Causal Effect of Unionization on Firms’ Earnings Management: Evidence from the Regression Discontinuity Design

This study explores the causal effect of unionization on firms’ earnings management. By comparing firms that just pass union elections by a small number of votes to those that barely loss elections, the regression discontinuity design (RDD) estimations suggest significantly lower earnings management for unionized firms. Further, this decrease is only significant in states without right-to-work legislation where unions are more powerful. These findings are consistent with unionized firms having incentives to report lower earnings to prevent unions from demanding higher wages and benefits. Among unionized firms, I do not find evidence that unions can undo the effect of lower reported earnings when negotiating on future pension and retirement benefits, and employee expenses, i.e. firms reduce employee expenses to some extent by strategically doing lower earnings management.
The Importance of Autonomous Driving Using 5G Technology.

The three keys to autonomous driving are sensors, data integration, and 100% safety decisions. In the past, due to the high latency and low reliability of the network, many decisions had to be made locally in the vehicle. This puts high demands on the vehicle itself, which results in the dilatory commercialization of automatic driving. With the advent of 5G, these situations will be greatly improved. In this paper, we present the improvements that 5G technology brings to autonomous vehicles especially in terms of latency and reliability amongst the multitude of other factors. The paper analyzes the specific areas where 5G can improve for autonomous vehicles and Intelligent Transport Systems in general (ITS) and looks forward to the application of 5G technology in the future.
Hospital Beds Planning and Admission Control Policies for COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hybrid Computer Simulation Approach

Health care systems are at the front line to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergent questions for each hospital are how many general ward and intensive care unit beds are needed, and additionally, how to optimally allocate these resources during demand surge to effectively save lives. However, hospital pandemic preparedness has been hampered by a lack of sufficiently specific planning guidelines. In this paper, we developed a hybrid computer simulation approach, with a system dynamic model to predict COVID-19 cases and a discrete-event simulation to evaluate hospital bed utilization and subsequently determine bed allocations. Two control policies, the type-dependent admission control policy and the early step-down policy, based on patient risk profiling, were proposed to lower the overall death rate of the patient population in need of intensive care. The model was validated using historical patient census data from the University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL. The allocation of hospital beds to low-risk and high-risk arrival patients to achieve the goal of reducing the death rate, while helping a maximum number of patients to recover was discussed. This decision support tool is tailored to a given hospital setting of interest and is generalizable to other hospitals to tackle the pandemic planning challenge.
Comprehensive Urban Transportation Study Methods

The problems of planning, constructing, and operating transportation systems in urbanized areas have reached a critical stage, primarily as the result of an exploding urban population and an unprecedented increase in traffic volumes. Solutions of these problems are hopefully forthcoming. In this paper, the basic elements and methods for comprehensive urban transportation studies are presented. Nine procedural steps are described indicating the progress being made in developing sophisticated techniques in urban transportation planning. Important developments in land use planning, population projections, urban growth, and In economic projections are discussed. New procedures in traffic analysis dealing with trip generation, trip distribution modal split, trip assignment, capacity restraint, and reassignment of traffic are described. The evaluation of alternative routes and systems and procedures for making an economic analysis of alternative systems are discussed. A major objective considered is the development of an areawide transportation plan, acceptable to the public as achieving regional goals of mobility, safety, and efficiency in moving people and goods in a balanced and integrated transportation system.
Automorphisms of Complex Manifolds

Let M be a complex manifold and ℌ(M) the group of holomorphic transformations of M. In general, ℌ(M) can be infinite dimensional. For instance, ℌ(C n ) is not a Lie group if n≧2. To see this, consider transformations of C2 of the form $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {z' = z} \\ {w' = w + f\left( z \right)} \\ \end{array} \left( {z,w} \right) \in {{C}^{2}} $$ where f(z) is an entire function in z, e. g., a polynomial of any degree in z. The fact that ℌ(C2) contains these transformations shows that ℌ(C2) cannot be finite dimensional. Similarly, for ℌ(C2) with n≧2. On the other hand, ℌ(C) is the group of orientation preserving conformal transformations and, as we shall see later, it is a Lie group. The purpose of this section is to give conditions on M which imply that ℌ(M) is a Lie group.
Progress in understanding the mechanism and function of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase.

Publisher Summary The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) kinases exhibit unique structural and kinetic features that can allow for distinct physiological functions. This also applies to the different isoforms of this kinase, although more evidence is needed to establish different cellular compartmentalization or functional properties. The best established role for cGMP kinase is smooth-muscle relaxation in response to cGMP elevation by agents such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), nitric oxide (NO), or various drugs, although the precise pathway for this effect needs to be delineated. Inhibition of platelet activation by activators of cGMP kinase suggests that it may play an important role in this system. In some tissues, cGMP kinase can serve as mediator for either cGMP or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, cGMP kinase is only one of several cGMP-binding proteins in cells, and caution must be exercised in interpreting physiological responses induced by increases in cGMP levels. Many of the biochemical features of the cGMP kinase are known, and these can be used to more confidently ascribe physiological roles for the kinase as opposed to other cGMP-binding proteins.