cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic demonstration of estrogen receptors in the esophagus of baboons

Abstract Previous reports have indicated that certain sex steroids are intimately involved in the physiologic activities of the gastrointestinal tract. We performed autoradiographic studies using [ 3 H]estradiol and [ 3 H]dihydrotestosterone on male and female baboons for the purpose of identifying estrogen or androgen receptors, or both, in the lower and midregions of the esophagus. Discrete sites of localization of exposed photographic emulsion were observed over nuclei of skeletal muscle and interstitial cells of male baboons injected with the estrogen. No localization of receptors was observed in these same cells in females given estrogen nor in any males and females injected with the androgen. These observations suggest that skeletal muscle and interstitial cells of the male baboon contain specific highaffinity estrogen receptors that might have a direct effect on the skeletal muscle cells and may modulate their cellular activities.
From Food Desert to Food Oasis: The Potential Influence of Food Retailers on Childhood Obesity Rates

Few studies have examined the influence of the food environment on obesity rates among very young, low-income consumers. This research contributes to this growing literature by examining the relationship between modifications to the retail environment and obesity rates for low-income, preschool-aged children. Based on data combined from various secondary sources, this study finds that changes in the retail environment are significantly related to obesity rates. More specifically, the authors find a positive relationship between the number of convenience stores in the retail environment and obesity rates among low-income, preschool-aged children. Results also show that the percent change in grocery stores and supercenters and club stores in the retail environment is negatively related to the obesity rates of low-income, preschool-aged children [i.e., as grocery stores and supercenters/club stores increase (decrease), obesity decreases (increases)].Further, the percent change in supercenters and club stores mediates the positive relationship between participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and obesity rates.
ELECTROPHORESIS OF SERUM PROTEINS AND SELECTED ENZYMES IN MALES, NON-PREGNANT, PREGNANT, AND LACTATING FEMALE MICE.

SummarySerum proteins and selected enzymes in non-pregnant, pregnant, lactating females and in male mice were studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Esterase and cholinesterase activity were present in all protein regions; alkaline and acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase, and cytochrome oxidase activity was associated with the protein beta region. Total protein was approximately the same in all categories of sera studied, but zymograms and protein stained gels showed that the relative concentrations of certain serum components were different in different sex, pregnancy or lactation categories. The relationship between these variations and possible transfer of maternal serum molecules to the oocyte or embryo is discussed.
A novel inward rectifier K+ channel with unique pore properties.

Abstract We have cloned a novel K + -selective, inward rectifier channel that is widely expressed in brain but is especially abundant in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. It is also present in a wide array of tissues, including kidney and intestine. The channel is only 38% identical to its closest relative, Kir1.3 (Kir1-ATP–regulated inward rectifier K + [ROMK] family) and displays none of the functional properties unique to the ROMK class. Kir7.1 has several unique features, including a very low estimated single channel conductance (∼50 fS), low sensitivity to block by external Ba 2+ and Cs + , and no dependence of its inward rectification properties on the internal blocking particle Mg 2+ . The unusual pore properties of Kir7.1 seem to be explained by amino acids in the pore sequence that differ from corresponding conserved residues in all other Kir channel proteins. Replacement of one of these amino acids (Met-125) with the Arg absolutely conserved in all other Kir channels dramatically increases its single channel conductance and Ba 2+ sensitivity. This channel would provide a steady background K + current to help set the membrane potential in cells in which it is expressed. We propose that the novel channel be assigned to a new Kir subfamily, Kir7.1.
Data replication in collaborative sensor network systems

When sensor networks overlap in their coverage areas, sensors in the common areas can be simultaneously shared among multiple networks. The shared sensors provide opportunities to support collaboration among sensor networks. Collaboration enriches functionality and enhances scalability and manageability of networked sensor systems, in particular those comprised of a large number of heterogeneous sensor networks deployed over a large area. Effective collaboration may require that various sensor networks share synchronized data replicas. In this paper, we propose a novel data replication mechanism suitable for the limited bandwidth of sensor networks. The scheme is comprised of off-line and in-line components and uses neural networks for scheduling of replication. Implementing a simple neural network requires minimal computational overhead feasible for use on a sensor node. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scheme for synchronized replication in collaborative sensor network systems. Simulation results show that such neural-network-based approach provides near optimal scheduling and replication solutions while maintaining adaptability and low computational overhead.
Demonstration of low power, thermally stable second-order microring resonators

Thermal tuning with an efficiency of 40 muW/GHz/ring is demonstrated in silicon-rich silicon nitride second-order microring resonators. Open-loop thermal stability of the resonant frequency is measured to be within 400 MHz for these resonators.
The Sharpe Ratio Revisited: What It Really Tells Us

One of the most ubiquitous measures of risk-adjusted performance is the Sharpe Ratio, yet many practitioners are not sure how to use it in evaluating investment opportunities or in constructing optimal portfolios. The difficulty with the Sharpe Ratio is that the result from an analysis is in units that are not readily absorbed by a user. After all, we know that a Sharpe of one is better than a Sharpe of 0.5, but are either good and what does a Sharpe Ratio of one really tell us? Prof. Modigliani acknowledged this challenge and adapted the Sharpe Ratio to come up with an alternative measure which expresses risk-adjusted returns in basis points. However, Prof. Sharpe recognized the limitations of his own measure (especially as it relates to multi-period investments) and offered some variations to adjust for these shortcomings, but these adjustments may not have been adequate. This paper will demonstrate that the Sharpe Ratio effectively only informs the user about the time needed to determine how skillful a manager may be in beating either the risk-free rate or a benchmark, and, even under these circumstances, we provide a more robust variation of the Sharpe measure for a multi-period evaluation.
Media Enjoyment as a Function of Control over Characters

Abstract This paper argues that the enjoyment of interactive media, especially interactive narratives, can be explained via perceptions of control. Specifically, control over a character’s choices, lead to higher perceptions of control which increased user enjoyment. Three different experiments using varying narratives, grammatical perspectives and story outcomes support these arguments consistently. This series of studies demonstrates that perceptions of control over media characters facilitate positive attitudes toward media content, corroborating and expanding upon earlier entertainment research. This research demonstrates a low-tech application of content-based user control in new media environments.
Buckling of Orthotropic Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells

The note examines the classic paper by Reissner on buckling of isotropic hyperbolic paraboloid shells.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Enhancing the Relationship between Law and Psychology

Therapeutic jurisprudence embodies a psychological approach to law - one that applies the insights and principles of psychology to the examination of legal rules and practices and to their improvement. It provides a new focus for law and psychology scholarship, identifying a variety of issues in need of theoretical and empirical examination Law reform is an important theme of therapeutic jurisprudence, and scholars applying the approach have succeeded in offering an enormous range of proposals for legal change in a wide variety of legal contexts. In addition, therapeutic jurisprudence identifies a number of new roles and contexts for clinical psychologists working in the legal system. This chapter illustrates the growing impact of therapeutic jurisprudence on the field of law and psychology. It then illustrates how therapeutic jurisprudence can be used to map a new research agenda for law and psychology scholarship that would be highly useful for the legal system. Empirical work examining the therapeutic consequences of legal arrangements and therapeutic jurisprudence reform proposals has begun to emerge, but the extent of such work still remains disappointingly small. This chapter is designed to help research psychologists and other social scientists to understand better the potential of therapeutic jurisprudence for identifying important questions for empirical investigation.
The comprehension of sentences with unaccusative verbs in aphasia: a test of the intervener hypothesis.

ABSTRACTBackground: It is well accepted that individuals with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia have difficulty comprehending some sentences with filler-gap dependencies. While investigations of these difficulties have been conducted with several different sentence types (e.g., object relatives, Wh-questions), we explore sentences containing unaccusative verbs, which arguably have a single noun phrase (NP) that is base-generated in object position but then is displaced to surface subject position. Unaccusative verbs provide an ideal test case for a particular hypothesis about the comprehension disorder—the Intervener Hypothesis—that posits that the difficulty individuals with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia have comprehending sentences containing filler-gap dependencies results from similarity-based interference caused by the presence of an intervening NP between the two elements of a syntactic chain.Aim: To assess a particular account of the comprehension deficit in agrammatic Broca’s aphasia—the Intervener Hypothes...
Orthorhombic Martensite, Intermetallic Precipitates and Retained Austenite in Ti-Rich Ti(Ni+Cu) Sputtered thin Films

Periodic multilayered titanium-rich Ni-Ti thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering from alternating Ni45Ti50Cu5 alloy and pure titanium targets, with an alloy-layer/Ti-layer thickness ratio of 9:1. The microstructure, martensite transformation behavior, and precipitate and defect structures were studied in films which had been annealed at 923K for one hour and furnace cooled at <20 K/min. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurements showed that the resulting films had a hyperstoichiometric titanium content of approximately 51 atomic percent. Ti2Ni precipitates were found in the annealed structures which were oriented with $${[110]_{{\text{T}}{{\text{i}}_2}{\text{Ni}}}}$$ parallel to [110]B2 and $${(110)_{{\text{T}}{{\text{i}}_2}{\text{Ni}}}}$$ parallel within +/− 10 to (001)B2. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed an unusually low transformation enthalpy for the martensite reaction in the film (9.1 J/g as opposed to 20.7 J/g for the alloy sputtering target), and a significant fraction of residual B2 austenite was found at temperatures well below the nominal Mf. The martensite transformation was found to occur in two steps involving, on cooling, the initial formation of an orthorhombic martensite prior to transformation to the monoclinic martensite phase at low temperature.
A New Look at Inequality: Introducing and Testing a Cross-Sectional Equality Measurement Framework in New York City

Inequality is a characteristic of societies worldwide, and many groups face disparities across a range of domains from economy to health to justice. While inequality is a complex problem in which many of these domains are interconnected, most research examines only one area, or at most the effect of one area on another. This paper details an innovative approach to studying inequality using an indicators methodology. The Equality Indicators are comprised of 96 measures of inequality and how it changes annually across six themes: Economy, Education, Health, Housing, Justice, and Services. It compares the experiences of those most likely to be adversely affected by inequalities to those of less disadvantaged groups. Here, we detail the development of the tool, its structure, data sources, and scoring system, followed by baseline findings from New York City, where we combined administrative and secondary public survey data with the data from a new public survey conducted for this study. We found substantial inequalities across all six themes, although they were most pronounced in Health and Justice. While we are not able to make direct comparisons of indicators in a given year, the intention of the tool is to track change over time; in future years we will be able to compare change or lack thereof across indicators and domains. The current findings across areas, however, suggest that New York City is characterized by vast inequalities, where disadvantaged groups are twice as likely as others to experience negative outcomes in fundamental areas of life.
American Indian Male College Students Perception and Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

The authors explored American Indian male college students’ HPV attitudes, perceptions and knowledge of HPV prevention and transmission. Eight focus groups with male and female students ages 19-26 were conducted at four Southwest universities. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory methods. American Indian males reported little or no responsibility for HPV prevention and transmission (p=0.048) and held poor personal risk perception (p=0.0001). Male students also had low levels of HPV knowledge (p=0.003) and lenient attitudes, indicating an overall disregard for safer sexual practices. Misinformation regarding HPV vaccination played a significant part in their lack of intention to modify sexual behaviors. Cultural barriers to obtaining HPV information and sources of HPV education were identified, as was preference for receiving HPV information. We recommend school-based culturally sensitive HPV prevention programs that focus on improving responsible safer sexual practices by educating students in activities to reduce cancer and STI disease burden. Emphasis on preventing genital warts, other STIs, as well as HPV-related cancers found in males and females may increase acceptability and responsibility of HPV prevention measures among male American Indian students.
Finite Element Analysis on Friction and Wear Properties of Non-smooth Surface Brake Disc

Based on friction test required dimension and non-smooth surface design size,the brake disc /pad models of non-smooth surface were established.The interaction between contact pressure and friction heat during the braking process was analyzed to establish the thermal-stress coupling analysis model,and analyzed the friction and wear properties of non-smooth surface brake disc /pad system by Ansys /LS-DYNA.The results showed when the pits spacing is 1mm and the diameter is 0.8 mm,non-smooth surface brake /pad system has smallest von Mises stress.Through the friction and wear test,the wear loss and kinetic coefficient of actual samples were tested and the result showed the same characteristics with the simulation results,so the credibility of simulation result was verified.
A cost comparison of laboratory charges in treating childhood leukemia. A children's cancer group analysis.

PURPOSE A comparative cost analysis of the front-line acute lymphoblastic leukemia studies of two collaborative pediatric oncology groups was performed to document the charges incurred by the patients for only mandatory laboratory and radiographic data on each protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS The required laboratory and radiographic data on each protocol were tabulated to derive the charges at Phoenix Children's Hospital in July 1992. A comparison between the two pediatric oncology groups was made for each risk category of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RESULTS A consistent cost difference between the two groups was attributed to the relatively expensive laboratory support required on group Y protocols. CONCLUSIONS The changing reimbursement environment is affecting the practice patterns of pediatric oncologists, who must be cognizant of the charges for performing scientific clinical trials. Pediatric oncologists must continue to provide quality care without jeopardizing progress.
Functional Disorders of the Colon: The Irritable Colon Syndrome

The irritable colon syndrome is a neuromuscular disturbance of the intestine characterized by pressure or pain in the abdomen, constipation and diarrhea.In diagnosing the cause of intestinal discomfort, the physician must distinguish each functional disorder of the intestine from organic intestinal disease. When organic and functional diseases coexist, the degree of each must be evaluated. Heredity, environment and psychic tension may be causative factors in functional disorders of the intestine.Causes of the discomfort and suggestions as to how the patient can overcome them are emphasized in treatment. Dietary control, small doses of a mixture of sedatives and antispasmodics, and specific medicaments for diarrhea and constipation may be effective. Psychiatry and psychotherapy have a definite place in treating some colonic neuroses.
Pure Competition and Monopoly: A Beginning

To gain a foothold in the analytics of the firm’s decisions we will begin with firms that are either price takers in their markets or, at the other extreme, monopolists. Such firms make decisions concerning price, quantity and quality policy variables for their brands, which are treated in 1 to 1 correspondence with firms. In this chapter quality is viewed as a one-dimensional variable which is measurable with uniqueness up to a positive multiplicative scalar, where z denotes units of its intensity. The implications of the firms’ decisions for their own profit, for consumers’ surplus, and for social surplus are considered under varying structural conditions.
Peripheral Plasma Levels of Gonadal Steroids in Adult Male and Adult, Nonpregnant Female Mammals

The introduction, about 20 years ago, of sensitive and specific assay methods has permitted the measurement of plasma androgens, estrogens, and progestins in the systemic circulation in representatives of all vertebrate classes. The present survey deals with such measurements in adult mammals. The survey begins with a review of the systemic levels of plasma androgens in males of various mammalian orders. The second section considers estrogen and progestin levels in adult, nonpregnant females. The third section deals with the value of plasma hormone measurements in neurobiological research.
From bureaucratic consolidation to structural devolution: Police death squads in Brazil

An examination of the socio‐organizational roots of death squads in Brazil's military state and their persistence during the redemocratization period (post‐1985). Through several Brazilian case examples we explore a possible symbiosis between formal police systems and informal death squads, particularly death squads’ origins in, and connections to, the state and the criminal justice system. The thesis on devolution proposes that death squads are a product of a consequent ‐ if not fully intended ‐ process of state deconstruction, where part of the formal control system splits off, debureaucratizes, and increasingly carries out violence clandestinely and extralegally. Four sources of devolution are found: (a) in formal organization ‐ particularly in the bureaucratic centralization, specialization, and competition associated with a war model of policing; (b) an outgrowth of state‐related illegalities ‐ where devolution spawns further devolution into decentralization and loss of state control; which, in turn,...
Chromatin-associated transcripts of tandemly repetitive DNA sequences revealed by RNA-FISH

Tandemly repetitive DNA sequences, also named satellite repeats, are major DNA components of heterochromatin and are often organized as long arrays in the pericentromeric, centromeric, and subtelomeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that transcripts derived from some satellite repeats play important roles in various biological functions. We used a RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) technique to investigate the transcription of the four well-characterized satellite repeats of maize (Zea mays), including the 180-bp knob repeat, the telomeric (TTTAGGG)n repeat, the 156-bp centromeric repeat CentC, and a 350-bp subtelomeric repeat. Although few transcripts derived from these four repeats were found in the expressed sequence tag and RNA-seq databases, RNA-FISH consistently detected the transcripts from three of the four repeats on interphase nuclei, suggesting that the transcripts from the three repeats are largely integrated into chromatin. The transcripts from the knob and telomeric repeats were mapped to the related DNA loci. In contrast, the transcripts from the CentC repeats were mainly localized to the nucleolus, although nucleoplasmic CentC transcripts were also detectable. The nucleolus and nuclear RNAs appeared to be important for the nuclear localization for at least one centromeric protein, Mis12. We demonstrate that RNA-FISH is a powerful tool to assess the level of transcription as well as to physically map the nuclear locations of the transcripts derived from satellite repeats.
EXTENDING THE VALIDITY OF THE FAMILY INVOLVEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE–SHORT FORM FOR CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE FAMILIES FROM LOW-INCOME BACKGROUNDS

The construct validity of the Family Involvement Questionnaire–Short Form (FIQ-SF) was examined in an independent sample of ethnically and linguistically diverse low-income families (N = 498) enrolled in an urban Head Start program in the Southeast. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the three-factor structure identified in initial validation studies with Northeast samples: home-school conferencing, home-based involvement, and school-based involvement. Findings from multiple group confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence that the three-factor structure was invariant across family ethnicity. multivariate analyses of variance also confirmed hypothesized mean differences on FIQ-SF dimension scores across family demographic variables such as caregiver ethnicity, primary home language, caregiver education, employment, and marital status. Findings replicate and extend prior construct validity evidence to support the use of the FIQ-SF by early childhood education programs such as Head Start serving diverse families from low-income backgrounds. Implications for future research, practice, and policy applications in early childhood are discussed.
Increasing the Network Capacity for Multi-modal Multi-hop WSNs through Unsupervised Data Rate Adjustment

We propose to improve the quality of data for data fusion in a wireless sensor network deployed in an urban environment by dynamically controlling the transmission rate of the sensors. When nodes are grouped in multi-hop clusters, this mechanism will increase the number of messages being received at the cluster heads. We implement a previously proposed cross-layer data adjustment algorithm and integrate it into our multi-modal dynamic clustering algorithm MDSTC. Extensive simulations in NS2 using a simpler two-hop cluster show that using the data rate algorithm allows for better efficiency within the cluster.
Stroke Caused by Extracranial Disease

Extracranial internal carotid artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease is a common ischemic stroke mechanism. Vascular risk factor control remains the cornerstone of stroke prevention in patients with both asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid occlusive diseases. Intensive medical therapy refers to the contemporary approach of antiplatelet therapy, blood pressure control, low-density lipoprotein reduction, and lifestyle modification to reduce stroke risk. Carotid revascularization with endarterectomy or angioplasty and stenting are established treatments for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis ≥70%. Previously accepted ischemic stroke preventative strategies, such as carotid revascularization for asymptomatic carotid stenosis, require reassessment given advances in both medical therapy and surgical techniques. The purpose of this review is to describe contemporary approaches to the management of extracranial carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease and the basis of these recommendations. Results from recently published clinical trials will be highlighted in addition to updated information from clinical trials addressing knowledge gaps in prevention of stroke caused by extracranial disease.
Folic acid supplementation increases cutaneous vasodilator sensitivity to sympathetic nerve activity in older adults.

During heat stress, blunted increases in skin sympathetic nervous system activity (SSNA) and reductions in end-organ vascular responsiveness contribute to the age-related reduction in reflex cutane...
The reliability of multidimensional neuropsychological measures: from alpha to omega.

AbstractObjective: To demonstrate that Coefficient omega, a model-based estimate, is more a more appropriate index of reliability than coefficient alpha for the multidimensional scales that are commonly employed by neuropsychologists. Method: As an illustration, a structural model of an overarching general factor and four first-order factors for the WAIS-IV based on the standardization sample of 2200 participants was identified and omega coefficients were subsequently computed for WAIS-IV composite scores. Results: Alpha coefficients were ≥ .90 and omega coefficients ranged from .75 to .88 for WAIS-IV factor index scores, indicating that the blend of general and group factor variance in each index score created a reliable multidimensional composite. However, the amalgam of variance from general and group factors did not allow the precision of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and factor index scores to be disentangled. In contrast, omega hierarchical coefficients were low for all four factor index scores (.10–.41), in...
Following a Teacher’s Mathematical and Scientific Noticing Across Career Progression from Field Experiences to Classroom Teaching

In this study, we focus on one preservice teacher’s noticing of students’ mathematical and scientific thinking with an emphasis on how the acts of attending and interpreting can influence decisions about pedagogical actions. The study centers on an innovative field experience approach that incorporates lesson study in order to emphasize students’ thinking and its impact. Consequently, we were interested in understanding how one teacher made decisions based on her noticing at three points in her career: preservice field experiences, student teaching, and her first-year teaching. We used a case study approach to focus on one preservice teacher. Findings indicate that scaffolding PSTs to notice students’ mathematical and scientific thinking influenced how she noticed and considered students’ thinking while teaching. Results further indicate that supporting the development of noticing during field experiences has a positive impact on a teacher when she was in her own classroom. The study provides a unique contribution to the field as it incorporates both the mathematics and science teaching practices of the same PST from her teacher education experience into her career.
Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective

Leo Kanner, an Austrian born American psychiatrist, first described autism in 1943 [1]. His observations of a small group of children with behavioral symptoms of social withdrawal, impaired language/communication, and obsession with sameness led to recognition of autism as a specific pervasive developmental disorder. At about the same time, Austrian psychiatrist Hans Asperger independently described similar symptoms in a small group of children except that the “Asperger” children were high functioning with better language and cognitive skills than those described by Kanner [2]. Both Kanner and Asperger used the word autistic to describe the pathology in the children they observed – a term rooted in the Greek “autos” (self) and coined by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler to describe symptoms in his schizophrenic patients. Before Kanner and Asperger defined autism as a specific disorder, children with autistic symptoms were most likely classed and treated as mentally retarded or, if they were high functioning, perhaps as schizophrenic.
HER-2-dependent gene expression networks in normal and transformed cells

1634 The purpose of this study was to develop a computational strategy to identify oncogene-driven gene expression networks in cancer cells. By comparing breast epithelial cells, where the proto-oncogene HER-2 participates in a normal cell signaling network, with breast cancer cells where HER-2 is the oncogene driving transformed phenotypes, we tested the hypothesis that over expression of the HER-2 oncogene results in changes in the gene expression network regulated by HER-2, and results in a new network comprised mainly of cancer cell-specific controller or hub genes. To begin, we obtained whole-genome expression data by microarray analysis at 16 points over 45 hours where HER-2 signaling was blocked by treatment with the HER-2-specific inhibitor CP-724714. A dynamic linear finite difference model that shows the influence of one gene expression level change on every other gene was used to assign gene connectivity values, which shape phenomenological networks. Gene expression and connectivity values were determined for 2500 genes from the spontaneously immortalized MCF10A cell line, and for two isogenic cell lines transformed by over expressing HER-2 that exhibit successive states of growth factor independence. Comparative analysis showed that HER-2-driven oncogenic transformation alters gene connectivity and identified cancer cell-specific hub genes linked to the oncogene that were unique to each cell line. Application of these findings to map interaction networks based on annotated resources using Genomatix and Ingenuity Systems software identified novel interactions between HER-2 and specific signaling network modules. Results show that, compared to a normal cell, HER-2 transformed cells incorporate different genes into the networks. Also, the interactions among some genes that occur in networks from more than one cell-type have different interactions in the three cell lines. Namely, TGFB1 and DKK1 are hubs in phenomenological networks specific to HER-2 over expression, yet show differences in their expression dynamics and network connectivity in individual transformed cell lines. NFKBIA was found to be a hub gene only in the HER-2 transformed cells that are completely growth factor independent. The connectivity of these genes in the interaction networks of our isogenic cell lines implicates WNT, TGF-beta, and NFKB signaling pathways in the HER-2 oncogene transformation of breast epithelial cells. In summary, the investigative approach we describe resulted in the identification of oncogene-specific networks that can be linked to the expression of specific transformed phenotypes.
Decoding the perception of sincerity in written dialogues

Understanding how people perceive sincerity is important in identifying malevolent deceptive behavior in social media. This is a difficult problem because the only signal in most such cases is written text, and the larger proportion of human communication is non-verbal. Furthermore, perception is very subjective, and people adapt to each other's perceptions. We define the problem of decoding sincerity perception for two domains, dating and online games. We introduce and evaluate new psycholinguistic features of perceived sincerity. Our results shed light into the connection between language, deception, and perception, and underline the challenges and difficulty of assessing perceptions from written text.
The solubility of thorium in liquid bismuth

The solubility of thorium in bismuth was determined over the temperature range 450 °C–900 °C, using a filtration technique. Data obtained using mild steel equipment can be represented by the expression: log10S(ppmTh) = 7·7085 − 3852/T( °K). Several data points were obtained using molybdenum apparatus. These values are in good agreement with those determined in mild steel.
Spatial alterations of De Novo purine biosynthetic enzymes by Akt-independent PDK1 signaling pathways

A macromolecular complex of the enzymes involved in human de novo purine biosynthesis, the purinosome, has been shown to consist of a core assembly to regulate the metabolic activity of the pathway. However, it remains elusive whether the core assembly itself can be selectively controlled in the cytoplasm without promoting the purinosome. Here, we reveal that pharmacological inhibition of the cytoplasmic activity of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) selectively promotes the formation of the core assembly, but not the purinosome, in cancer cells. However, alternative signaling cascades that are associated with the plasma membrane-bound PDK1 activity, including Akt-mediated cascades, regulate neither the core assembly nor the purinosome in our conditions. Along with immunofluorescence microscopy and a knock-down study against PDK1 using small interfering RNAs, we reveal that cytoplasmic PDK1-associated signaling pathways regulate subcellular colocalization of three enzymes that form the core assembly of the purinosome in an Akt-independent manner. Collectively, this study reveals a new mode of compartmentalization of purine biosynthetic enzymes controlled by spatially resolved signaling pathways.
Post-Concussion Driving Behaviors and Opinions: A Survey of Collegiate Student-Athletes.

Abstract Post-concussion driving restrictions are eminent, but we lack understanding of current behaviors and opinions about driving following concussion among populations at risk of concussion. We...
Co-designed systems for deep learning hardware accelerators

Deep learning has been popularized by its recent successes on challenging artificial intelligence problems. This revolution has been driven by enormous amounts of data, novel machine learning algorithms, and inexpensive, high-performance computing through the cloud. The best solutions skillfully interweave these elements to provide ground breaking advances. This talk will discuss research at Harvard focused on co-designed systems for machine learning. This work can broadly be divided into three major categories: co-design of architectures and algorithms, proof-of-concept chip designs for energy-efficient inference, and characterization/benchmarking of modern deep learning workloads..
Hydroxyethyl Substituted Polyanilines: Chemistry and Applications as Resists

Publisher Summary This chapter reports a new series of polyaniline copolymers possessing a hydroxyethyl substituent that improves the solubility of the conducting polymer and yet retains a high conductivity. Poly(o-hydroxyethyl)aniline copolymers are shown to possess interesting electronic properties—namely, a high conductivity upon doping and a red shift in the UV-visible spectrum—indicating a high degree of hydrogen bonding among the chains. These new copolymers show considerable promise as resists because they can be derivatized to the radiation-sensitive methacrylate substituted polymer. The substituted polymer is produced in solution from which it can be easily spin coated into thin films. This new substituted polyaniline, PaniIEM, is useful as a new negative-tone resist. Upon e-beam and broad-band UV light exposure, the methacrylate crosslinks and becomes insoluble in the developer.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Developing Countries

This chapter is divided into three parts. The first begins with an overview of contemporary health conditions and trends in developing countries, as well as their socioeconomic correlates and the problem of measuring the impact of disease. The second part provides a description of four contemporary behavior change models successfully used with individuals and communities, mainly in the United States and other established market economies. These models have been applied to some degree in developing countries that, given appropriate adaptation to local cultures and socioeconomic conditions, merit additional applications, especially in situations where other remedies have reached their limits or cannot be used. Ideas of how these models may be usefully applied to specific health-related issues in developing countries are presented. Finally, new policies and programs to improve the health and well-being of the poor and disadvantaged in developing countries are discussed. This overview demonstrates that behavioral change is, at present, the only practical means for preventing disease and ill health in many countries.
Study of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Fibroblasts after Treatment with DNA-Damaging Agents

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder (1). About 20% of gene carriers develop brain tumors in early childhood. Basal cell nevus syndrome patients are abnormally susceptible to radiation-induced cancer; several patients treated with radio-therapeutic doses have developed large numbers of basal cell tumors in the irradiated field within 6 mo to 3 yr of ex posure (2-5). Featherstone et al. (6) reported that fibroblasts from BCNS patients showed no increased susceptibility to X-ray-induced cell killing; however, GO-irradiated lymphocytes from BCNS patients were found to have a significantly higher level of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations (CAs) compared with normal cells. On the other hand, Chan and Little (7) reported that fibroblasts from BCNS patients were slightly hypersensitive to X-ray-induced lethality.
Training in Clinical Psychology in the United States: Practitioner Model

The practitioner model of training in clinical psychology prepares students to be professional psychologists who may work with individuals, couples, families, or groups in various settings including mental health centers, hospitals, and clinics. Almost since its inception there has been a concern in clinical psychology to ensure that the science of psychology and its practice are tightly linked. However, the balance of training in science versus practice has varied; practitioner model programs lean more heavily toward teaching application of knowledge than the generation of new research, whereas the scientist model programs include more background in scientific method and skills. In the 1990s there has been considerable growth in programs for educating psychologists primarily for professional practice. Among the skills that are the focus of such training are the assessment and management of individual behavior, interpersonal relationships, interactions in groups, and the regulation of psychobiological factors in human functioning. Many practitioners specialize in a particular area such as working with children, adolescents, the elderly, people with addiction problems, or developmental disorders. It is important that practitioners be knowledgeable about the research base for their work and be familiar with the empirical basis for their assessment and treatment methods.
The Common Law of Federal Question Jurisdiction

The Supreme Court has repeatedly stressed that the role of the judiciary interpreting statutes is to declare the law as intended by Congress. But the Court historically has not followed that practice in interpreting the statute conferring federal question jurisdiction. The most notorious example is the well pleaded complaint rule, which the Court developed based on its own policy determinations about the appropriate role of the federal courts. In recent terms, the Court has developed various new doctrines expanding and contracting federal question jurisdiction without regard to Congressional intent. This Article contends that these recent developments reflect that, contrary to its statements about the proper role of the judiciary, the Court increasingly perceives itself as the primary regulator of federal question jurisdiction. The Article also contends that this practice has resulted in a highly manipulable and unstable law of federal question jurisdiction.
Post-quantum EPID Signatures from Symmetric Primitives

EPID signatures are used extensively in real-world systems for hardware enclave attestation. As such, there is a strong interest in making these schemes post-quantum secure. In this paper we initiate the study of EPID signature schemes built only from symmetric primitives, such as hash functions and PRFs. We present two constructions in the random oracle model. The first is a scheme satisfying the EPID signature syntax and security definitions needed for private hardware attestation used in Intel’s SGX. The second achieves significantly shorter signatures for many applications, including the use case of remote hardware attestation. While our EPID signatures for attestation are longer than standard post-quantum signatures, they are short enough for applications where the data being signed is large, such as analytics on large private data sets, or streaming media to a trusted display. We evaluate several instantiations of our schemes so that the costs and benefits of these constructions are clear. Along the way we also give improvements to the zero-knowledge Merkle inclusion proofs of Derler et al. (2017).
Coeditors’ introduction: Revisiting 50 years of challenges and possibilities

This special issue in the Bilingual Research Journal is a result of an Invited Presidential Session that took place at the 2018 American Education Research Association’s (AERA) annual conference in...
Nuclear fiction for children

A nuclear war will not produce furry, peace-loving, telepathic mutants, nor will it release Merlin to work magic on the world. In this proliferating genre, books with realistic views of both war and peace are still rare.
Five-year reintervention after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the Vascular Quality Initiative

Abstract Objective Patients who undergo endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVR) remain at risk for reintervention and rupture. We sought to define the 5-year rate of reintervention and rupture after EVR in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI). Methods We identified all patients in the VQI who underwent EVR from 2003 to 2015. We linked patients in the VQI to Medicare claims for long-term outcomes. We stratified patients on baseline clinical and procedural characteristics to identify those at risk for reintervention. Our primary outcomes were 5-year rates of reintervention and late aneurysm rupture after EVR. We assessed these with Kaplan-Meier survival estimation. Results We studied 12,911 patients who underwent EVR. The mean age was 75.5 years, 79.9% were male, 3.9% were black, and 89.1% of operations were performed electively. The 5-year rate of reintervention for the entire cohort was 21%, and the 5-year rate of late aneurysm rupture was 3%. Reintervention rates varied across categories of EVR urgency. Patients who underwent EVR electively had the lowest 5-year rate of reintervention at 20%. Those who underwent surgery for symptomatic aneurysms had higher rates of reintervention at 25%. Patients undergoing EVR emergently for rupture had the highest rate of reintervention, 27% at 4 years (log-rank across the three groups, P Conclusions More than one in five Medicare patients undergo reintervention within 5 years after EVR in the VQI; late rupture remains low at 3%. Black patients, those with large aneurysms, and those who undergo EVR urgently and emergently have a higher likelihood of adverse outcomes and should be the focus of diligent long-term surveillance.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: An Indication for Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Paraneoplastic disorders are rare multiorgan diseases associated with hematological malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Some of these paraneoplasms manifest as cutaneous lesions, appearing as a simple rash, ulcers or skin thickening. The pathogenesis for this process has been described as development of certain autoimmune reactions against cell wall antigens and proteins. An example is paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) which manifests as cutaneous bullae. Bullae may occur anytime during the course of the malignancy i.e. acute phase or remission. Diagnosis involves evaluation of clinical findings, serology and presence of characteristic histological findings. Its pathogenesis is described as development of auto-antibodies against cell junctional and basement membrane proteins. Presence of paraneoplasms has been associated with poorer prognosis and increased mortality in hematological malignancies including CLL. Currently, there are established indications for the treatment of CLL; however, presence of paraneoplasms as an indication for treatment is unclear. Patients with paraneoplasms who underwent expeditious treatment have exhibited better clinical outcomes. Herein we describe a case of a CLL patient in remission presenting with PNP and its response to treatment.
Focusing the eyes and recognizing objects: evo-devo and the sensitive period

The study of evolution and development together, ‘evo-devo’, is essential to understand sensitive periods. The combination of phylogenetic history, life history, the biophysics of developing physical substrates, as well as cognitive and neural mechanisms, can distinguish their accidental from essential features. Two examples of research programs concerning sensitive periods, the calibration of eye growth by visual experience versus parameter-setting in early speech and language development are contrasted. The satisfactory resolution produced by the multi-level analysis of eye calibration compared to the enduring controversies generated by the exclusive focus on behavioral and cognitive mechanisms in speech and language research are striking. Evo-devo can also reframe classic subjects. ‘Object recognition’, often assumed to be vision’s central function, in phylogenetic perspective emerges as a specialized human adaptation with an unusual sensitive period. Theory-building must go hand in hand with rich description of the sequences of physical states in full evolutionary context to explain any cognitive capacity constructed by the interaction of organism and environment.
Value of Temporal Information When Analyzing Reaction Coordinates.

Reaction coordinates chart pathways from reactants to products of chemical reactions. Determination of reaction coordinates from ensembles of molecular trajectories has thus been the focus of many ...