cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sublethal stress in the intertidal zone: tidal emersion inhibits photosynthesis and retards development in embryos of the brown alga Pelvetia fastigiata.

The effect of tidal emersion on survivorship, photosynthesis and embryonic development was studied in 8 h old zygotes and 7 d old embryos of the intertidal brown alga Pelvetia fastigiata (J. Ag.) DeToni. Zygotes and embryos were outplanted for single low tides in the intertidal zone on the central coast of California (U.S.A.) during June, 1990. Both zygotes and embryos exhibited close to 100% survival when outplanted beneath the canopy of adult P. fastigiata. Embryos (7 d old) also exhibited high survival when outplanted in a red algal turf, the microhabitat where most successful recruitment occurs. However, zygotes (8 h old) experienced high mortality (65–90%) when outplanted in the turf microhabitat. Embryos and zygotes that survived emersion experienced sub-lethal stress that temporarily impaired light-saturated photosynthesis when plants were reimmersed in seawater. The effects of sub-lethal stress were more pronounced in 8 h old zygotes than 7 d embryos, and more severe in the turf microhabitat than beneath the adult Pelvetia canopy. Zygotes outplanted in the red algal turf did not re-establish net photosynthesis until at least 6 h after re-immersion. Photosynthesis was less inhibited in 8 h old zygotes outplanted beneath the adult Pelvetia canopy, and recovered to control (non-emersed) levels within 3 h of re-immersion. Embryos (7 d old) were able to achieve positive net photosynthesis immediately on re-immersion after emersion in the turf or canopy microhabitats. Emersion also retarded the rate of embryonic development in 8 h old zygotes, delaying the formation of primary rhizoids, which help to attach the plant to the substrate. For example, at 19 h post-fertilization, 75% of control (non-emersed) zygotes had developed rhizoids, compared to 3% and 30% for zygotes outplanted in the turf and canopy microhabitats. The different emersion responses of 8 h old zygotes and 7 d old embryos appeared to be related to their ability to tolerate cellular dehydration. Overall, our data suggest that the effects of sub-lethal stresses may have been underestimated in studies of intertidal ecology.
Picrylamino-substituted heterocycles. II. Furazans

This paper describes the synthesis of the various picrylamino- and nitro-substituted furazans and bifurazanyls. Except for 3,4-bis(picrylamino)furazan, which was obtained by nitrating 3,4-dianilinofurazan, the picrylaminofurazans were prepared by condensing the appropriate amino-furazan with picryl fluoride in the presence of triethylamine. The various aminofurazans were oxidized with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid to the corresponding nitro derivatives.
Asia-pacific finance and investment: a case study of taiwan

The present research design adopts the dual instruments of the mail-survey questionnaire and the interview. The research was aimed at deriving an objective function of an Asia-Pacific finance and investment model of the Republic of China in the twenty-first century. The objective function consists of three types of policy or strategic variables pertinent to economic achievement, global finance and investment strategy, the macro-impact on international finance and investment. Another purpose of this study was to confirm three hypotheses qualitatively through empirical findings.
High-Tc superconducting infrared bolometric detector

Recent technological advances have made it possible to form arrays of small thin-film-based bolometric pixels integrated onto Si substrates containing both array addressing and readout electronics. These advances have made bolometer technology a potentially low-cost, high-sensitivity, high-yield staring detector technology for the near future. In this paper, the basic performance aspects of an IR microbolometer are described. The design of a high-performance pixel and the performance measurements on some initial devices are presented. The potential performance of two-dimensional arrays is discussed.
Assault and Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study of Urban Adult Primary Care Patients

Objective: This study estimated the strength of associations between selfreported assault and psychiatric disorders among low-income, urban primary care patients who were predominantly female. Methods: A sample of adult patients who consecutively presented at an urban primary care practice completed the Life Events Checklist (N=1,157). They were also screened for current major depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorders with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire; for bipolar disorder with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire; and for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version. A total of 977 of the respondents reported whether they had ever experienced an assault. Logistic regression was used to model associations between self-reported assault and screen status, controlling for relevant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Twenty-five percent of study participants endorsed a history of physical or sexual assault. Compared with patients without a history of assault, patients with a history of assault had significantly greater odds of screening positive for PTSD (odds ratio [OR]=1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.19–3.25), alcohol use disorder (OR=2.17, CI=1.07–4.41), and drug use disorder (OR=3.38, CI=1.14– 9.98). Conclusion: A history of assault was related to risk of screening positive for PTSD and a substance use disorder. These findings support assessment of trauma history among low-income primary care patients. (Psychiatric Services 61:1018–1023, 2010)
Reproductive toxicity and meiotic dysfunction following exposure to the pesticides Maneb, Diazinon and Fenarimol

The comprehensive identification and mechanistic analysis of reproductive toxicants constitutes one of the major hurdles in the toxicological assessment of chemicals originating from the large number of chemicals to be tested and the difficulty in examining germ cells at various stages of their development. We previously described the development of an assay in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans that allows the detection of chemicals bearing aneugenic activity and that could be used for the detection of germline toxicity. We present here new evidence for the reproductive toxicity of three pesticides identified in our germline toxicity assay: Maneb, Diazinon and Fenarimol. We show that all three pesticides cause an acute germline nuclear loss in exposed nematodes in a dose-dependent fashion. The loss of germline nuclei coincides with the meiotic stage of pachytene during Prophase I and is dependent on the germline apoptotic machinery suggesting activation of a meiotic checkpoint. Further investigation revealed a profound dysregulation of the meiotic program as evidenced by (1) an alteration of the kinetics of double strand repair, (2) the disruption of the process of chromosome morphogenesis at the end of Prophase I and (3) the reorganization of the meiotic differentiation gradient inherent to the C. elegans germline following exposure to Maneb and Diazinon. These defects correlate with a significant increase in embryonic lethality and a corresponding decrease in the number of progeny. These results therefore provide strong evidence for the reproductive toxicity of Maneb, Diazinon and Fenarimol rooted in the alteration of early steps of germ cell differentiation.
Bacterial growth as a practical indicator of extensive biodegradability of organic compounds.

The proportionality of growth, as indicated by turbidity of cultures of Pseudomonas C12B, to the initial concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecanol, or a mixture of C10-C20 secondary alcohol sulfates, each provided as sole carbon source in basal mineral salts medium, was demonstrated. Subsequently, the direct correlation of culture turbidity as a growth indicator and degradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the C10-C20 compounds was established. Degradation of these detergents was measured by the rise in surface tension and the decrease in methylene blue values, respectively. Turbidimetry was found to be a poor indicator of degradation of dodecanol in the early hours of culture, however, and did not correlate over a significant range with degradation of substrate. Viable cell counts did parallel dodecanol degradation as measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The use of bacterial growth as a reliable, quantitative, and easily measured parameter indicating biodegradability was suggested for those organic compounds which can be shown to serve as a carbon source for a bacterium.
Molecular analysis of hprt mutations induced by chromium picolinate in CHO AA8 cells

Abstract Chromium picolinate (CrPic) is a popular dietary supplement, marketed to the public for weight loss, bodybuilding, and control of blood sugar. Recommendations for long-term use at high dosages have led to questions regarding its safety. Previous studies have reported that CrPic can cause chromosomal aberrations and mutations. The purpose of the current work was to compare the mutagenicity of CrPic as a suspension in acetone versus a solution in DMSO, and to characterize the hprt mutations induced by CrPic in CHO AA8 cells. Treatments of 2% acetone or 2% DMSO alone produced no significant increase in 6-thioguanine (6-TG)-resistant mutants after 48 h exposures. Mutants resistant to 6-TG were generated by exposing cells for 48 h to 80 μg/cm 2 CrPic in acetone or to 1.0 mM CrPic in DMSO. CrPic in acetone produced an average induced mutation frequency (MF) of 56 per 10 6 surviving cells relative to acetone solvent. CrPic in acetone was 3.5-fold more mutagenic than CrPic in DMSO, which produced an MF of 16.2. Characterization of 61 total mutations in 48 mutants generated from exposure to CrPic in acetone showed that base substitutions comprised 33% of the mutations, with transversions being predominant; deletions made up 62% of the mutations, with one-exon deletions predominating; and 1–4 bp insertions made up 5% of the characterized mutations. CrPic induced a statistically greater number of deletions and a statistically smaller number of base substitutions than have been measured in spontaneously generated mutants. These data confirm previous studies showing that CrPic is mutagenic, and support the contention that further study is needed to verify the safety of CrPic for human consumption.
Predicting College Student Satisfaction, Commitment, and Attrition from Investment Model Constructs

In a medium-sized college, 174 undergraduates evaluated the rewards, costs, alternatives, and investments associated with their enrollment. These investment model variables (Rusbult, 1980a) were significantly related to the students'satisfaction with the college, their commitment to remain enrolled, and their subsequent enrollment behavior. Linear and logistic regression results supported many, but not all, investment model predictions concerning the relationships between model constructs. Investment model variables were found to have greater validity than integration model variables (Tinto, 1975) in predicting institutional commitment and enrollment behavior. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Stochastic Stability in Large Populations

Most work in evolutionary game theory analyzes a deterministic adjustment process on a continuum of agents. However, both the assumption of a continuum and that of no randomness are approximations, so it is important to study the behavior of adjustment processes on a large but finite population subject to small but persistent stochastic shocks. This paper characterizes the properties of the invariant distribution of birth-death processes in the double limit as the population becomes infinitely large and the perturbation vanishingly small. We show that the order of these limits does not change the conclusions for processes with "strong basins," which is the case when the unperturbed process is deterministic. In contrast, the order of limits does matter for processes with "weak basins," where the unperturbed process is stochastic except at a finite number of points.
Spectral dependence of the bidirectional reflectance function in coastal waters and its impact on retrieval algorithms

Variations of bidirectional reflectance effects in coastal waters are analyzed based on extensive radiative transfer simulations of remote sensing reflectances and field data, which are compared with existing models. Improved relationships are proposed which better accounts for BRDF effects but should be further verified for a broader range of synthetic data with various sun, viewing and azimuth angles as well as insitu datasets.
Airborne telemetry networks: Challenges and solutions in the ANTP suite

Airborne telemetry networks are an example of a wireless network domain with much higher mobility than either the Internet or MANET protocols were designed to cope with. The very high speeds and distances covered, combined with limited radio transmission power contribute to making fully-connected operation impossible in this environment. We present challenges specific to highly-dynamic airborne networks in conjunction with the mechanisms used to ameliorate them in the Airborne Network Telemetry Protocol (ANTP) suite. At the transport layer we use multiple reliability modes, depending on the traffic class. For routing we leverage geolocation information as well as using the store-and-haul mechanism. At the border of the airborne network, we translate these protocols into the standard TCP/IP network stack using the AeroGW gateway architecture.
Novel Expressions of Equations of Relative Motion and Control in Keplerian Orbits

Abstract : In this Note, the relative motion between two spacecraft is studied with emphasis on physical insights. The full equations of relative motion in Keplerian orbits are converted into the general form of a second-order differential equation, and then feedback control laws are proposed for different control objectives. Besides the control laws presented in this Note, other various control design methods, which have already been developed for other applications (such as robot manipulator or spacecraft control), can also be easily applied for the relative motion control, thanks to the use of the generic form.
The apical lamina of the sea urchin embryo: major glycoproteins associated with the hyaline layer.

Abstract The hyaline layer (HL) surrounding the sea urchin blastula appears to dissolve in 1 M glycine. However, after this treatment, there persists over the surfaces of the blastomeres a layer of material, referred to here as the apical lamina (AL), that sloughs off as an adhesive convoluted bag upon gradual dissociation of the embryo. Isolated hyaline layers, referred to as HL-AL complexes, were analyzed by urea-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A major protein of the HL-AL complex, hyalin, bands or precipitates in the stacking gel. Two other major proteins, both strongly PAS positive, migrate with apparent molecular weights of 175K and 145K daltons. As with intact embryos, the glycine wash removes the hyalin protein from the isolated HL-AL complex, leaving the undissolved AL which consists primarily of the 175K- and 145K-dalton proteins. The embryo's own perivitelline-localized cortical granule peroxidase heavily radioiodinates the proteins of the HL-AL complex, further verifying their apical, extracellular location. Unlike hyalin, the AL proteins do not precipitate with calcium ions. Compared to the entire HL-AL complex, the AL contains a greater percentage of carbohydrate. No sialic acid is associated with the HL-AL complex, but the AL contains some sulfate. In contrast to a published report based on ultrastructural staining, no biochemical evidence was found in this study for the presence of collagen or significant glycosaminoglycan within the HL-AL complex. No developmental differences were observed in AL proteins from 1-hr-old embryos compared to those from blastulae. However, there is evidence suggesting heterogeneity and developmental differences in hyalin. The possible organization of hyalin and the AL proteins into separate layers surrounding the embryo is discussed. The influence of the AL proteins in morphogenesis and cell adhesion is considered, and hypothetical roles attributed to the HL and hyalin are critically questioned.
Brief Report: Deficits in Health Care Management Skills Among Adolescent and Young Adult Liver Transplant Recipients Transitioning to Adult Care Settings

Objective The purpose of the present study was to describe and compare mastery of health care management in adolescent (aged 14–17 years) and young adult recipients of a liver transplant (age � 18 years) expected to transfer from pediatric to adult care settings. Methods Fifty-two liver transplant recipients completed the Developmentally Based Skills Checklist, which asks how often patients independently engage in specific health care management skills. Results Overall, young adult patients reported greater health care management than adolescents. However, less than half of the young adults surveyed reported consistently managing their liver disease independently, making their own appointments, and understanding insurance issues. Conclusions Our results suggest that liver transplant recipients display inconsistency with regards to how frequently they engage in health management behaviors. Future work will address intervention development to remedy this first aspect of transition to adulthood such that patients are better prepared before moving to adult care centers.
T-cell antigen CD28 interacts with the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by a cytoplasmic Tyr(P)-Met-Xaa-Met motif

Abstract The T-cell antigen CD28 provides a costimulatory signal that is required for T-cell proliferation. T-cell receptor zeta/CD3 engagement without CD28 ligation leads to a state of nonresponsiveness/anergy, thereby implicating CD28 in the control of peripheral tolerance to foreign antigens or tumors. A key unresolved question has concerned the mechanism by which CD28 generates intracellular signals. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is a lipid kinase with Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain(s) that binds to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), an interaction that is essential for signaling by growth factor. In this study, we demonstrate that CD28 binds to PI 3-kinase by means of a Y(P)MXM motif within its cytoplasmic tail. CD28-associated PI 3-kinase was detected by lipid kinase and HPLC analysis as well as by reconstitution experiments with baculoviral-expressed p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase. CD28 bound directly to the p85 subunit without the need for the associated p110 subunit. Site-directed mutagenesis and peptide competition analysis using Y(P)-MXM-containing peptides showed that PI 3-kinase bound to a Y(P)MXM motif within the CD28 cytoplasmic tail (residues 191-194). Mutation of the Y191 within the motif resulted in a complete loss of binding, while mutation of M194 caused partial loss of binding. Binding analysis showed that the CD28 Y(P)-MXM motif bound to the p85 C- and N-terminal SH2 domains with an affinity comparable to that observed for PDGF-R and insulin receptor substrate 1. In terms of signaling, CD28 ligation induced a dramatic increase in the recruitment and association of PI 3-kinase with the receptor. CD28 is likely to use PI 3-kinase as the second signal leading to T-cell proliferation, an event with implications for anergy and peripheral T-cell tolerance.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma

Purpose Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered a manifestation of the host immune response to tumor, but the influence of TILs on outcome remains controversial. Studies evaluating the prognostic significance of TILs were published before routine examination of draining lymph nodes by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, the most important predictor of survival in patients with melanoma. The prognostic implications of TILs were re-evaluated in a large group of patients undergoing SLN biopsy at our institution. Patients and Methods All patients who underwent SLN mapping for primary cutaneous melanoma between January 1996 and July 2005 were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors that predict SLN positivity and survival. Factors analyzed included Breslow thickness, ulceration, anatomic site, sex, Clark level, age, mitotic rate, and the presence (brisk or nonbrisk) or absence of TIL. Results Eight hundred eighty-seven patients underwent SLN mapping, and a SL...
Incomplete Resection of Craniopharyngiomas

Abstract The invasiveness of craniopharyngiomas into adjacent structures often determines the limitation for surgical resection. Large invasive lesions are difficult to resect completely and even smaller lesions do not allow for a gross total resection (GTR) without the sacrifice of the pituitary stalk. Surgical approaches to craniopharyngiomas therefore need to be tailored to allow the optimal visualization of the majority of the tumor. A number have been developed, each having specific limitations of visualization. Given the limitations of all surgical approaches and the frequent complex extent of the lesions, surgical treatment often results in subtotal tumor resection (STR). As these tumors tend to recur, they can pose a difficult clinical problem. The chapter discusses reported clinical experience with total and subtotal resection of craniopharyngiomas, and the associated morbidity and recurrence rates.
MMPI personality patterns of alcoholics and narcotic addicts.

The similarities and differences between prototypes of alcoholic and narcotic addict MMPI profiles were examined using a discriminant function analysis. Neither group is really homogeneous but alco...
Why are there apes? Evidence for the co-evolution of ape and monkey ecomorphology

Apes, members of the superfamily Hominoidea, possess a distinctive suite of anatomical and behavioral characters which appear to have evolved relatively late and relatively independently. The timing of paleontological events, extant cercopithecine and hominoid ecomorphology and other evidence suggests that many distinctive ape features evolved to facilitate harvesting ripe fruits among compliant terminal branches in tree edges. Precarious, unpredictably oriented, compliant supports in the canopy periphery require apes to maneuver using suspensory and non-sterotypical postures (i.e. postures with eccentric limb orientations or extreme joint excursions). Diet differences among extant species, extant species numbers and evidence of cercopithecoid diversification and expansion, in concert with a reciprocal decrease in hominoid species, suggest intense competition between monkeys and apes over the last 20 Ma. It may be that larger body masses allow great apes to succeed in contest competitions for highly desired food items, while the ability of monkeys to digest antifeedant-rich unripe fruits allows them to win scramble competitions. Evolutionary trends in morphology and inferred ecology suggest that as monkeys evolved to harvest fruit ever earlier in the fruiting cycle they broadened their niche to encompass first more fibrous, tannin- and toxin-rich unripe fruits and later, for some lineages, mature leaves. Early depletion of unripe fruit in the central core of the tree canopy by monkeys leaves a hollow sphere of ripening fruits, displacing antifeedant-intolerant, later-arriving apes to small-diameter, compliant terminal branches. Hylobatids, orangutans, Pan species, gorillas and the New World atelines may have each evolved suspensory behavior independently in response to local competition from an expanding population of monkeys. Genetic evidence of rapid evolution among chimpanzees suggests that adaptations to suspensory behavior, vertical climbing, knuckle-walking, consumption of terrestrial piths and intercommunity violence had not yet evolved or were still being refined when panins (chimpanzees and bonobos) and hominins diverged.
Evaluating an Experimental Streamlined Fairing for a Diverter Less Supersonic Inlet (DSI) Equipped Aircraft

In this paper difference in aerodynamic characteristics of open and blocked intake model of a fighter jet aircraft with diverter-less supersonic inlet (DSI) configurations have been computed and compared. Wind tunnel tests are considered necessary to augment the analysis and findings of computational or numerical design in aviation industry. However the traditional strategy of characterizing the aircraft and intake deal with them as separate entities. The wind tunnel tests for assessing aircraft aerodynamics usually uses models with streamlined fairing that blocks the intake, thereby reducing the complications in controlling the exact mass flow rates in the aircraft inlet at different flight conditions. This practice is accepted for conventional intake designs, however the same strategy must be validated for diverter-less supersonic inlet systems. For this purpose, a DSI equipped aircraft is analyzed with open intake as well as with a fairing over DSI (blocked intake model). The results of the study show that, the variation in coefficients of lift and drag are less than 1%, thus indicating a good fairing design and correspondingly, corrections required to the wind tunnels test data with fairing are not large. The conventional strategy of wind tunnel testing with fairing over the intake can be applied to aircraft with diverter less supersonic in let configurations as well.
Swimming behavior of the larva of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and its relationship to temperature and viscosity.

The physical movements of the swimming 4th-instar larva of Culicoides variipennis were analyzed in relation to temperature, viscosity, and larval age. Additional observations describe changes in behavior with rising viscosity and behavior at a low/high viscosity interface. Culicoides variipennis larvae swim by rapid sinuous flexions of the body (rapid flexion). Analysis of sequential film images showed that deviations from the mean path at 9 equidistant positions along the larva were approximately symmetrical about the midpoint of the body, implying a constant bend angle between body segments during propagation of the wave. The rate of wave propagation (beat rate) was strictly proportional to temperature, increasing from 3.3/s at 6 °C to 18.3/s at 36 °C. Swimming speed also increased with temperature, but the rate of increase declined as temperature increased; this is associated with the fact that the amplitude of the propagated wave diminished with rising temperature. The effects of viscosity were somewhat more complex. Exponential decay equations were used to describe the relationship of both beat rate and wave amplitude to rising viscosity. Swimming speed, since it is dependent on both of these variables, was sharply curtailed as viscosity increased, falling from 16.6 mm/s at 1 centipoise (in water) to 0.7 mm/s at 50 centipoises. Thus, rapid flexion rapidly became ineffective as a means of propulsion as viscosity increased. In tests involving larvae of different ages, beat rate declined logarithmically with increasing larval length, but swimming speed increased according to a power regression model, indicating that larger larvae swim more efficiently relative to their size than do smaller ones. When larvae were placed in 11 methyl cellulose solutions of progressively increasing viscosity, they engaged in 4 behaviors (rapid flexing, slow flexing, looping, and no movement) for varying proportions of the total time. These behaviors are described, and the behavioral changes induced by rising viscosity are illustrated and discussed.
Effect of Spinal Anesthesia on Intestinal Activity

ConclusionSpinal anesthesia causes an increase of intestinal contractions in the normal, unmedicated, dog.
Utilization of ReactIR in Fit for Purpose Process Enablement

An efficient four-step synthesis of 1 is described in which utilization of ReactIR was key to efficient processing and reaction monitoring. Key chemical steps included (i) nucleophilic aromatic substitution, iron reduction of aromatic nitro group to aniline, (ii) decarboxylation, and (iii) ester formation.
Effect of Bypass Loads on the Strength of Bolted Composite Joints

An investigation was performed to study the effect of bypass loads on the loading-carrying capability of bolted composite joints. The previously developed computer code BJSTAT was utilized to generate the strength envelope of bolted composite joints subjected to bypass loads. The development of the code was based on the damage mechanism-based progressive failure analysis. Both quasi-isotropic and cross-ply laminates were selected for the study. The effect of unbalanced ply orientation or load off-set was also evaluated. This presentation summarizes the results of the calculations from the code.
Investigation and analysis of the current situation of occupation health management in different scale industrial enterprises in Langfang

Objective To investigate the current occupational health management situation of different scale industrial enterprises in Langfang,analyze the existing problems and provide scientific basis for the relevant departments to strengthen management. Methods 5 223 enterprises existed occupational hazards were investigated on occupation health management,the status of implementation on 11 occupation health management systems relating with occupation health management level from this enterprises were accumulated by enterprises scale,chi- square test were implemented to compare the rate of implementation of every occupation health management system from different scale enterprises. All the results from investigation and statistics were analyzed. Results There were 5 223 occupational hazard enterprises and 82 942 workers exposed to occupational harms in Langfang. The number of workers reached 62 566,13 053 and 7 323 in the large,medium and small scale enterprises respectively,occupying for 8. 8%,15. 7% and 75. 4%,respectively. The 11 systems reflecting occupational health management from different scale industrial enterprises presented a great difference,the number of each system and percentage range from big,middle,small- sized industrial enterprises were 4- 5( 26. 7%-33. 3%),39- 66( 40. 2%- 68%),147- 875( 2. 9%- 17. 1%) respectively. All enterprises was 192- 946( 3. 7%- 18. 1%) grossly. The rate of implementation of every occupation health management system from different scale industrial enterprises all appeared a great statistics difference( P 0. 01). Conclusion The occupational health management system is in the low level of different scale industrial enterprises in Langfang,workers affected by occupational hazard factors from small- sized enterprises account for the majority of all the occupational harm workers,and its occupational health management is the worst level. The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of occupation health management for the enterprises,especially the small- sized enterprises; The effective measures should be taken to improve occupational health management in industrial enterprises to protect the health of workers better.
Clinical and biologic antecedents of the amenorrhea/hyperprolactinemia syndrome: a case-control study

Clinical, reproductive, and biologic antecedents of women with the amenorrhea/hyperprolactinemia (A/H) syndrome, most with pituitary prolactinomas, and matched healthy subjects were examined in a case-control study. Women with A/H had more frequent irregularity in early menstrual cycle patterns and excess facial hair, had less frequent catamenial symptoms, and were heavier at the time of study when compared with control subjects. The patients reported a more frequent history of thyroid disease and chest trauma. There were no significant differences between the patients and control subjects with respect to prior use of oral contraceptives, estrogens, psychotropic drugs, alcohol, or other substances known to alter serum prolactin levels, nor were there significant differences in the family history of gynecologic conditions or malignancies or the syndromes of multiple endocrine neoplasia. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Acute fractures and dislocations of the carpus.

Summary Undisplaced fractures of the scaphoid or displaced fractures that have been reduced closed should be immobilized with the wrist in slight palmar flexion and radial deviation. Intercarpal dislocations and fracture-dislocations have been classified. Diagnostic features of each of the major categories have been emphasized. Intercarpal rotation as well as hyperextension is important in the genesis of these injuries, and there is a sequential spectrum of injury that can often be retraced when reduction is performed. The best chance of restoring good function to the injured wrist is to correct the disrupted anatomy early and hold it in the reduced position until ligamentous and bony healing is accomplished. Open reduction is indicated in perilunate and lunate dislocations to correct residual scapholunate dissociation and in transscaphoid perilunate dislocations to correct any persistent displacement of the scaphoid fragments. Internal fixation with Kirschner wires is usually necessary whether an open or closed method is used to obtain the reduction. Anatomic repositioning and fixation of the displaced bones usually result in ligamentous healing without formal ligament repair in the acute case. Frequent concomitant injuries include median nerve damage, osteochondral fractures of the carpal bones, and fracture of the radial and ulnar styloid processes.
RNA editing meets DNA shuffling

The immune system can tailor its production of antibodies to the type of infection. Three sequential DNA-shuffling processes underlie this ability. The same protein is responsible for the last two of the processes, and oddly it is an RNA-editing rather than a DNA-recombining enzyme.
Implications of tropical deforestation for regional and global hydroclimate

Land-cover heterogeneity created by deforestation of tropical forests generates atmospheric circulations that can trigger the formation of clouds and result in enhanced precipitation over the deforested region. Furthermore, the regional perturbation in atmospheric pressure generated by such massive land-cover change can excite synoptic-scale waves that propagate outside of tropical regions, resulting in significant change in the annual precipitation pattern at mid- and even high latitudes.
Effects of ESI conditions on kinetic trapping of the solution-phase protonation isomer of p-aminobenzoic acid in the gas phase.

Abstract The effects of electrospray ionization (ESI) solvent and source temperature on the relative abundance of the preferred solution-phase (N-protonated; i.e. amine) versus preferred gas-phase (O-protonated; i.e., acid) isomers of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were investigated. When PABA was electrosprayed from protic solvents (i.e., methanol/water), the infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectrum recorded was consistent with that for O-protonation, according to both calculations and previous studies. When aprotic solvent (i.e., acetonitrile) was used, a different spectrum was recorded and was assigned to the N-protonated isomer. As the amine is the preferred protonation site in solution, this suggests that an isomerization takes place under certain conditions. Photodissociation at the diagnostic band for the O-protonated isomer (NH2 stretching mode) was used to quantify the relative contributions of each isomer to ion signal as a function of ESI conditions. For mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile, the relative contribution of the O-protonated gas-phase structure increased as a function of methanol content. Yet, substituting methanol for water resulted in a marked decrease of isomerization to the O-protonated structure. The source temperature (i.e., temperature of a heated desolvation capillary) was found to play a key role in determining the extent of isomerization, with higher temperatures yielding increased presence of gas-phase structures. These results are consistent with a protic bridge mechanism, in which the ESI droplet desolvation, dependent on the solvent system and radiative heating from the capillary, may determine the isomerization yield.
The Effect of MHC Antigen Matching Between Donors and Recipients on Skin Tolerance of Vascularized Composite Allografts

The emergence of skin-containing vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) has provided impetus to understand factors affecting rejection and tolerance of skin. VCA tolerance can be established in miniature swine across haploidentical MHC barriers using mixed chimerism. Because the deceased donor pool for VCAs does not permit MHC antigen matching, clinical VCAs are transplanted across varying MHC disparities. We investigated whether sharing of MHC class I or II antigens between donors and recipients influences VCA skin tolerance. Miniature swine were conditioned nonmyeloablatively and received hematopoietic stem cell transplants and VCAs across MHC class I (n = 3) or class II (n = 3) barriers. In vitro immune responsiveness was assessed, and VCA skin-resident leukocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Stable mixed chimerism was established in all animals. MHC class II-mismatched chimeras were tolerant of VCAs. MHC class I-mismatched animals, however, rejected VCA skin, characterized by infiltration of recipient-type CD8+ lymphocytes. Systemic donor-specific nonresponsiveness was maintained, including after VCA rejection. This study shows that MHC antigen matching influences VCA skin rejection and suggests that local regulation of immune tolerance is critical in long-term acceptance of all VCA components. These results help elucidate novel mechanisms underlying skin tolerance and identify clinically relevant VCA tolerance strategies.
Single ring resonator delays for integrated optical beam forming networks

An optical ring resonator (ORR) based 1 × 4 optical beam forming network is reported. The delay response of a ORR was measured and agrees well with the lossless theoretical model. The tuning of a ORR was calibrated and experiments were performed to verify the tuning accuracy.
Persistence of historical population structure in an endangered species despite near-complete biome conversion in California's San Joaquin Desert.

Genomic responses to habitat conversion can be rapid, providing wildlife managers with time-limited opportunities to enact recovery efforts that use population connectivity information that reflects predisturbance landscapes. Despite near-complete biome conversion, such opportunities may still exist for the endemic fauna and flora of California's San Joaquin Desert, but comprehensive genetic data sets are lacking for nearly all species in the region. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the rangewide population structure of the endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila, a San Joaquin Desert endemic, using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD), microsatellite and mtDNA data to test whether admixture patterns and estimates of effective migration surfaces (EEMS) can identify land areas with high population connectivity prior to the conversion of native xeric habitats. Clustering and phylogenetic analyses indicate a recent shared history between numerous isolated populations and EEMS reveals latent signals of corridors and barriers to gene flow over areas now replaced by agriculture and urbanization. Conflicting histories between the mtDNA and nuclear genomes are consistent with hybridization with the sister species G. wislizenii, raising important questions about where legal protection should end at the southern range limit of G. sila. Comparative analysis of different data sets also adds to a growing list of advantages in using RAD loci for genetic studies of rare species. We demonstrate how the results of this work can serve as an evolutionary guidance tool for managing endemic, arid-adapted taxa in one of the world's most compromised landscapes.
A Mixed-Integer Framework for Operational Decision-Making in Sustainable Nutrient Management

Global population and income trends continue to increase world food demand and an “upscaling” of diets to include more animal proteins. In response, cost and efficiency driven intensification of cropping and livestock operations has created substantive environmental concerns including deforestation, mono-culture versus diversified production systems, increased use of carbon intensive chemicals, increased greenhouse gas emissions, pathogen and antibiotic resistance health concerns, and nutrient runoff leading to large scale eutrophication and algal blooms. This paper shows that management of nutrients within commodity crop and livestock production can provide improved agricultural sustainability. Specifically, optimization and data driven models are used to improve economic and environmental performance using a combination of nutrient cycling, reduced chemical fertilizer application, and logistical enhancements due to manure separation and precision nutrient blending/application technology. Farm field level data from regulatory instruments can be incorporated into a process model foundation using a sophisticated, large scale, mixed integer programming approach to generate a rich, linked decision space for evaluating economic and environmental performance tradeoffs. The paper also details how the operational model can be enhanced to include new environmental constraints that are more in line with the long term health of the land, air and water supply, and furthermore shows how the model can be used to quantify the costs of implementing new policies within an optimized system. In particular, the model can elucidate key strategic tradeoffs that can be used to understand the costs and effects of separation, and can demonstrate the utility of these approaches in dealing with increased regulation of organic nitrogen and dry matter. It also provides policy makers with science and data-based mechanisms to value the impact of specific regulations on both typical and specific farm setups, in a way that can be used directly in a regulatory setting.
Bone Mineralization and Fracture Risk Assessment in the Pediatric Population

Identifying children most susceptible to clinically significant fragility fractures (low trauma fractures or vertebral compression fractures) or recurrent fractures is an important issue facing general pediatricians and subspecialists alike. Over the last decade, several imaging technologies, including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, have become useful to identify abnormal bone mineralization in children and in adolescents. This review aimed to summarize the latest literature on the utility of these modalities as they pertain to use in pediatrics. In addition, we review several disease states associated with poor bone health and increased fracture risk in children, and discuss the implications of low bone mineral density in these patients. Finally, we will highlight the gaps in knowledge with regard to pediatric bone health and make recommendations for future areas of research.
Bilingual language intrusions and other speech errors in Alzheimer’s disease

The current study investigated how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects production of speech errors in reading-aloud. Twelve Spanish-English bilinguals with AD and 19 matched controls read-aloud 8 paragraphs in four conditions (a) English-only, (b) Spanish-only, (c) English-mixed (mostly English with 6 Spanish words), and (d) Spanish-mixed (mostly Spanish with 6 English words). Reading elicited language intrusions (e.g., saying la instead of the), and several types of within-language errors (e.g., saying their instead of the). Patients produced more intrusions (and self-corrected less often) than controls, particularly when reading non-dominant language paragraphs with switches into the dominant language. Patients also produced more within-language errors than controls, but differences between groups for these were not consistently larger with dominant versus non-dominant language targets. These results illustrate the potential utility of speech errors for diagnosis of AD, suggest a variety of linguistic and executive control impairments in AD, and reveal multiple cognitive mechanisms needed to mix languages fluently. The observed pattern of deficits, and unique sensitivity of intrusions to AD in bilinguals, suggests intact ability to select a default language with contextual support, to rapidly translate and switch languages in production of connected speech, but impaired ability to monitor language membership while regulating inhibitory control.
First light - II. Emission line extinction, population III stars, and X-ray binaries

We produce synthetic spectra and observations for metal-free stellar populations and high mass X-ray binaries in the Renaissance Simulations at a redshift of 15. We extend our methodology from the first paper in the series by modelling the production and extinction of emission lines throughout a dusty and metal-enriched interstellar and circum-galactic media extracted from the simulation, using a Monte Carlo calculation. To capture the impact of high-energy photons, we include all frequencies from hard X-ray to far infrared with enough frequency resolution to discern line emission and absorption profiles. The most common lines in our sample in order of their rate of occurrence are Ly$\alpha$, the C IV $\lambda\lambda1548,1551$ doublet, H-$\alpha$, and the Ca II $\lambda\lambda\lambda8498,8542,8662$ triplet. The best scenario for a direct observation of a metal-free stellar population is a merger between two Population III galaxies. In mergers between metal-enriched and metal-free stellar populations, some characteristics may be inferred indirectly. Single Population III galaxies are too dim to be observed photometrically at $z = 15$. Ly$\alpha$ emission is discernible by $JWST$ as an increase in $\rm{J_{200w} - J_{277w}}$ colour off the intrinsic stellar tracks. Observations of metal-free stars will be difficult, though not impossible, with the next generation of space telescopes.
Are there physicochemical differences between allosteric and competitive ligands

Previous studies have compared the physicochemical properties of allosteric compounds to non-allosteric compounds. Those studies have found that allosteric compounds tend to be smaller, more rigid, more hydrophobic, and more drug-like than non-allosteric compounds. However, previous studies have not properly corrected for the fact that some protein targets have much more data than other systems. This generates concern regarding the possible skew that can be introduced by the inherent bias in the available data. Hence, this study aims to determine how robust the previous findings are to the addition of newer data. This study utilizes the Allosteric Database (ASD v3.0) and ChEMBL v20 to systematically obtain large datasets of both allosteric and competitive ligands. This dataset contains 70,219 and 9,511 unique ligands for the allosteric and competitive sets, respectively. Physically relevant compound descriptors were computed to examine the differences in their chemical properties. Particular attention was given to removing redundancy in the data and normalizing across ligand diversity and varied protein targets. The resulting distributions only show that allosteric ligands tend to be more aromatic and rigid and do not confirm the increase in hydrophobicity or difference in drug-likeness. These results are robust across different normalization schemes.