cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peripheral opioid receptors influencing heart rate in rats: evidence for endogenous tolerance

Abstract Opioid peptides injected into the circulation of rats evoke a vagally mediated bradycardia. The intravenous ED50 of morphine for producing a ≥ 10% fall in heart rate was determined in urethane-anesthetized rats. Hypophysectomy, or adrenalectomy plus treatment with dexamethasone (0.5 μg/h, s.c., 1 day), procedures that remove endogenous sources of opioid peptides, increased the sensitivity of the animal to morphine bradycardia by 6–10-fold. Conversely, stressing the animals by exposure to cold (4–6°C for two days) elevated the ED50 for morphine sulfate and for β h - endorphin by about 5-fold. Dexamethasone infusions prevented the cold-induced desensitization to morphine. Intravenous administration of rat corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) also desensitized the animals to morphine. CRF alone produced a fall in blood pressure and heart rate. The bradycardia was prevented by pretreatment with naloxone. These results indicate that the sensitivity of vagal opioid chemoreceptors is influenced by endogenous sources of opioid peptides. This phenomenon can be called ‘endogenous tolerance’.
Projected prevalences of age-related eye diseases.

PURPOSE To examine projections of age-related eye diseases in the United States for health care planning. METHODS Review of published scientific articles, census data, and unpublished research findings. RESULTS The numbers of cases of all age-related eye diseases are expected to rise in the coming years. These projections are primarily based upon population projections, but give little consideration to changes in health behaviors, racial/ethnic differences, environmental exposures, and changes in health care practices that may influence estimates of costs of actual health care burden. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing monitoring of trends in eye disease distribution is needed rather than projections based on old data that may be inadequate for generating reliable prediction models. There is a perpetual need to train new researchers with expertise in epidemiology, as the exigency for current prevalence estimates is crucial to maximize optimal visual health in the population.
Recurrence of Complex Motor and Vocal Tics in an Elderly Woman Responsive to Opiates

A 73-year-old woman experienced recurrence of complex and motor tics in late adult life. Involuntary vocalizations that had a cough-like quality constituted the most distressing feature of her tick disorder. The latter was unresponsive to diverse pharmacological agents including neuroleptics, clonazepam, baclofen, phenytoin, and various nonnarcotic antitussive agents. Low dose oxycodone produced almost complete abolishment of the cough-like involuntary vocalizations. This report implicates derangement in the activity of the endogenous opioid system in the pathophysiology of Tourette's syndrome, and suggest that opiates may be prescribed in the therapy of TS patients otherwise recalcitrant to administration of haloperidol or other dopamine blocking agents.
Effects of alcohol on sleep and the sleep electroencephalogram in healthy young women.

Background: Although the association between sleep and alcohol has been of interest to scientists for decades, the effects of alcohol on sleep and sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) have not been extensively studied in women. Our specific aim was to determine whether sleep stage variables and/or spectral characteristics of the sleep EEG are altered by alcohol administration in women. Methods: Changes of sleep and the sleep EEG were investigated after administration of a moderate dose of alcohol (0.49 g/kg) in the hour before bedtime compared with placebo in young healthy women. After approximately 2 weeks at home on a fixed 8.5- or 9-hour stabilization sleep schedule, sleep was continuously recorded by polysomnography for 3 consecutive nights [adaptation, placebo, alcohol (mean breath alcohol concentration 0.043 g/% before bedtime)] in the laboratory in 7 women (ages 22–25, mean=23.5, SD=1 year). Sleep stages were scored according to conventional criteria. Electroencephalogram power spectra of the bipolar derivations Fz/Cz (anterior) and Pz/Oz (posterior) were calculated using a fast Fourier transform routine. Results: Only few changes in sleep and the sleep EEG were observed. Across the entire night rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased, while minutes of stage 4 sleep were increased in the first 2-hour interval on alcohol nights compared with placebo nights. Spectral analysis of the EEG showed increased power in the α range (9–11 Hz) during all-night non-REM (NREM) sleep in anterior derivations after alcohol compared with placebo. Differences in spectral EEG power were also present in 2-hour intervals of NREM sleep; in particular, EEG power was increased on the alcohol night for frequency bins within the α range in anterior derivations and within the δ range (3–4 Hz) in posterior derivations during the initial part of the night. Conclusions: A moderate dose of alcohol just before bedtime resulted in a short-lived increase in sleep intensity. A limitation of the study, however, was that only a single dose of alcohol was used to examine the effects of alcohol on sleep.
From Board Composition to Corporate Environmental Performance Through Sustainability-Themed Alliances

A growing body of work suggests that the presence of women and of independent directors on boards of directors is associated with higher corporate environmental performance. However, the mechanisms linking board composition to corporate environmental performance are not well understood. This study proposes and empirically tests the mediating role of sustainability-themed alliances in the relationship between board composition and corporate environmental performance. Using the population of public oil and gas firms in the United States as the sample, the study relies on renewable energy alliances to measure sustainability-themed alliances and longitudinally analyzes lagged data for independent and control variables. The study found that (1) the higher the representation of women on a firm’s board, the more likely the firm is to form sustainability-themed alliances, and (2) the higher the representation of independent directors on a firm’s board, the more likely the firm is to form sustainability-themed alliances. Such alliances, in turn, positively contribute to corporate environmental performance. This paper discusses the study’s contributions to the board composition-social performance literature.
Application of Multilayer Structures to the Determination of Optical Constants in the X-Ray, Soft X-Ray and Extreme Ultra Violet Spectral Ranges

The dispersion of x-rays (XR), soft x-rays (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light by multilayer structures is dependent on the scattering and absorption cross-sections of the elements used to synthesize the multilayer. In this paper it will be shown that this dependence provides a means for the accurate experimental determination of the optical constants of the multilayer constituents. Two specific approaches will be presented and discussed. First, it will be shown that detailed analysis of the energy dependence of the reflectivity of a simple depth periodic multilayer allows the unfolding of the optical constants. Secondly a new optic structure, the multilayer diffraction grating, will be described and it will be demonstrated that such combined microstructure optics allow the scattering cross-sections of the multilayer constituents to be accurately determined over broad spectral ranges.
Two-beam configuration of the relativistic klystron amplifier

A two-beam configuration of the relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) was developed. This configuration employs two annular coaxial electron beams instead of a single one. The interaction of this double beam with the 2-cavity RKA structure, operating at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, led to an energy feedback mechanism between the cavities via reflexing electrons, resulting in a large and stable amplitude current modulation.
Hypoxic Preconditioning Enhances Functional Recovery After Prolonged Cardioplegic Arrest

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of hypoxic preconditioning to improve myocardial salvage after prolonged hypothermic cardioplegic arrest. Isolated working rat hearts were arrested at 4°C with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution and immersion stored for 4 or 6 hours. Two groups were studied, control and hypoxically preconditioned (HP) hearts. After 4 hours' preservation, aortic flow, coronary flow, and the first derivative of aortic pressure were 8.7 ± 1.6 mL/min, 17.8 ± 1.6 mL/min, and 2,064 ± 123 mm Hg/s, respectively, in control hearts (n = 11) and 25.7 ± 2.5 mL/min, 27.1 ± 2.5 mL/min, and 2,655 ± 93 mm Hg/s, respectively, in HP hearts (n = 11) ( p p p
Isolation and properties of a low molecular weight antiplasmin of human blood platelets and serum.

Summary A low molecular weight antiplasmin has been detected in human blood platelets. The antiplasmin is dialysable and a similar material is present in normal plasma. A simple method for rapid isolation of the antiplasmin based on ultrafiltration is described. The inhibition of plasmin by these materials under different conditions has been studied. In the ultracentrifuge, both antiplasmins showed a single broad peak with an approximate sedimentation coefficient of 0.5S. Paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis indicated the isolated material to be heterogeneous. The individual components were isolated by paper chromatography and the antiplasmin activity was measured by the fibrin plate method. Preliminary studies on the fraction with maximal antiplasmin activity suggest that the inhibitory effect might be due to enzyme-inhibitor complex formation. Based on the present data, it is concluded that the platelet antiplasmin and the serum antiplasmin are very similar. This antiplasmin material may be useful in fibrinolytic therapy.
The formal oxidation potentials of substituted 1:10—phenanthroline ferrous complexes of low solubility: The preparation and redox potentials of the vanadate-vanadyl system of potentiopoised solutions

Abstract The preparation of oxidation potentiopoised reference solutions is described. The oxidation potentials provided are stepwise in augmented values over the range 0.9 to 1.23 volt. The vanadate-vanadyl system is employed. The magnitude is dependent upon the increase in sulphuric acid formality over the range 0.1 to 6.0 formal. These solutions are of the potential buffered type. Their use in the determination of redox potential of a series of the ferrous complexes of a series of substituted 1:10-phenanthrolines is described. The accuracy attained is of the order 3 % or less, compared to standard values following the potentiometric titration procedures. The determinations are outstanding in rapidity.
Ion spray mass spectrometric detection for liquid chromatography: A concentration- or a mass-flow-sensitive device?

As the mass spectrometer becomes more accepted as a detector for HPLC, its characteristics should become better understood by those performing routine LC-MS experiments. In particular, the ion current response for quantitative analysis studies involving significant dynamic range in concentration for target analytes must be determined as well as other factors that affect MS response. This work describes the concentration-sensitive response for the ion spray (pneumatically-assisted electrospray) LC-MS interface from the chromatographer's perspective. A comparison of LC-MS ion current response in the isocratic mode resulting from studies of a synthetic mixture containing alkyl benzoates is presented. LC-MS total ion current chromatograms from three different column sizes (1 mm I.D., 2.1 mm I.D. and 4.6 mm I.D.) with and without a post-column split, and high-flow ion spray LC-MS without a post-column split illustrates that the former behaves as a concentration-sensitive detector whereas the latter behaves as a mass-flow-sensitive detector. The flexibility of ion spray to high-flow applications allows the use of HPLC eluent flow ranging from 0.001-2.0 ml/min. The use of solvent—buffer post-column addition also allows optimization for improved analyte ion current response.
From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures

Recent analyses suggest that lack of clarity in the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma at an individual level is a significant barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In order to address this concern, we articulate a new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework explores how the stigma of HIV elicits a series of stigma mechanisms, which in turn lead to deleterious outcomes for HIV uninfected and infected people. We then apply this framework to review measures developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. Finally, we emphasize the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma?
Antiestrogen stimulation of the production of a 37,000 molecular weight secreted protein and estrogen stimulation of the production of a 32,000 molecular weight secreted protein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Antiestrogens (AE), such as tamoxifen, selectively increase the production of a secreted protein of 37,000 mol wt (Mr) in estrogen receptor-containing human breast cancer cells (MCF-7, but not in estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB- 231 cells), and the production of this protein by AE is inhibited by concomitant estradiol (E) treatment. Likewise, E increases the production of a 32,000 Mr secreted protein whose synthesis is inhibited by AE. Proteins were detected by [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine labeling of cells and analysis of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and fluorography. Enhanced production of the 37,000 Mr protein is observed within 6 h of AE treatment, with maximal synthesis seen at 1–2 days when this protein represents about 6% of the total radiolabeled secreted proteins. This protein is stimulated maximally (-4- fold) by 10-8 M tams-hydroxytamoxifen or LY117018 or 10-6 M tamoxifen, and its AE specificity is seen by the fact that transtamoxifen increases this protein, whe...
Anxiety levels and concerns among pregnant women.

Since maternal anxiety has been implicated as one variable in the etiology of maternal and fetal complications, this study was done to identify specific concerns and anxiety levels among pregnant women. One hundred pregnant women, 48 private and 52 clinic patients, completed the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, a concerns questionnaire, and an information sheet. Twenty-nine specific concerns were identified by 50% or more of the pregnant women. Major concerns identified were “if your baby will be healthy and normal” (94%) and “your baby's condition at birth” (93%). The number of expressed concerns showed a statistically significant correlation with anxiety level (rs = .5678; p = .001), with clinic patients having significantly higher anxiety levels than private patients.
Maternal child feeding practices and eating behaviors of women with extreme obesity and those who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment of extreme obesity. Few studies, however, have explored some of the lifestyle behaviors (i.e., grocery shopping and cooking methods) thought to contribute to postoperative weight maintenance. To date, the child feeding practices of women who have undergone bariatric surgery have not been explored. The study setting was a university in the United States. Methods A total of 41 women awaiting bariatric surgery were assessed preoperatively; an additional 23 women who had undergone bariatric surgery (6–24 mo previously) were also assessed. The participants had to be responsible for feeding a child (age range 2–16 yr) in their home. Self-report measures assessed demographics, maternal child feeding practices, eating behaviors, and available household foods. Bivariate correlations were used to investigate the relationships among the measures. Independent sample t tests assessed group differences, and 1-way analysis of variance and concepts of linear progression and regression were used to determine whether the findings remained statistically significant after controlling for demographic variables. Results Women who had undergone surgery, compared with those awaiting surgery, reported more frequent modeling of healthy eating for their child ( P = .009), significantly greater levels of cognitive restraint ( P = .001), and lower levels of disinhibition ( P = .019). Some between-group differences were found in grocery shopping frequency ( P = .093) and in select foods available in the home ( P = .101 to P = .151), which approached statistical significance. Conclusion Mothers who had undergone bariatric surgery demonstrated healthy eating for their child and were engaged in healthier eating behaviors themselves compared with women awaiting surgery. Intervening with mothers who are undergoing bariatric surgery could present a unique opportunity for modifying the home food environment and promoting healthy eating among other family members, especially those children at risk of extreme obesity.
The relationship between disease activity, sleep, psychiatric distress and pain sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Despite recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapy, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients continue to rate pain as a priority. The etiology of RA pain is likely multifactorial, including both inflammatory and non-inflammatory components. In this study, we examine the association between disease activity, sleep, psychiatric distress and pain sensitivity in RA. Fifty-nine female RA patients completed questionnaires and underwent pressure pain threshold testing to assess hyperalgesia/allodynia at joint and non-joint sites. Blood samples were taken to measure C-reactive protein (CRP). The association between disease activity, sleep problems, psychiatric distress and pain threshold was assessed using Pearson/Spearman correlations and multivariable linear regression. Disease activity levels, sleep problems and psychiatric distress were compared between RA patients with fibromyalgia and RA patients without fibromyalgia. In unadjusted analyses, CRP was not correlated with pain threshold, but tender joint count was inversely correlated with pain threshold at all sites (P ≤ 0.004). Sleep problems were associated with low pain threshold at all sites (P ≤ 0.0008). Psychiatric distress was associated with low pain threshold at the wrist and thumbnail (P ≤ 0.006). In multivariable linear regression models, CRP was inversely associated with wrist pain threshold (P = 0.003). Sleep problems were inversely associated with pain threshold at all sites (P ≤ 0.01), but psychiatric distress was not. Despite differences in pain threshold, CRP levels and sleep problems between RA patients with fibromyalgia and those without fibromyalgia, associations between these variables did not change when patients with fibromyalgia were excluded. Multivariable models are essential in analyses of pain. Among RA patients, inflammation is associated with heightened pain sensitivity at joints. In contrast, poor sleep is associated with diffuse pain sensitivity, as noted in central pain conditions such as fibromyalgia. Future studies examining pain sensitivity at joint and non-joint sites may identify patients with different underlying pain mechanisms and suggest alternative approaches to treating RA pain.
A Multi-Pronged Approach to Improving Semantic Extraction of News Video

In this paper we describe a multi-strategy approach to improving semantic extraction from news video. Experiments show the value of careful parameter tuning, exploiting multiple feature sets and multilingual linguistic resources, applying text retrieval approaches for image features, and establishing synergy between multiple concepts through undirected graphical models. We present a discriminative learning framework called Multi-concept Discriminative Random Field (MDRF) for building probabilistic models of video semantic concept detectors by incorporating related concepts as well as the low-level observations. The model exploits the power of discriminative graphical models to simultaneously capture the associations of concept with observed data and the interactions between related concepts. Compared with previous methods, this model not only captures the co-occurrence between concepts but also incorporates the raw data observations into a unified framework. We also describe an approximate parameter estimation algorithm and present results obtained from the TRECVID 2006 data. No single approach, however, provides a consistently better result for all concept detection tasks, which suggests that extracting video semantics should exploit multiple resources and techniques rather than naively relying on a single approach
Extensible open source content management systems and frameworks: a solution for many needs of a bioinformatics group

A common challenge for bioinformaticians, in either academic or industry laboratory environments, is providing informatic solutions via the Internet or through a web browser. Recently, the open source community began developing tools for building and maintaining web applications for many disciplines. These content management systems (CMS) provide many of the basic needs of an informatics group, whether in a small company, a group within a larger organisation or an academic laboratory. These tools aid in managing software development, website development, document development, course development, datasets, collaborations and customers. Since many of these tools are extensible, they can be developed to support other research-specific activities, such as handling large biomedical datasets or deploying bioanalytic tools. In this review of open source website management tools, the basic features of content management systems are discussed along with commonly used open source software. Additionally, some examples of their use in biomedical research are given.
Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein Modulates Sperm-Zona Binding and Improves Efficiency of Porcine Fertilization In Vitro

Oviduct-specific glycoprotein (OGP) displays estrus-associated regional and temporal differences in expression and localizes to the zona pellucida, perivitelline space, and plasma membrane of oviductal oocytes and embryos, suggesting that it may have a role in regulation of fertilization and/or early embryonic development. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of exogenous OGP on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development in the pig using a defined serum-free culture system. In vitro-matured porcine oocytes were incubated with homologous OGP (0, 1, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) for 3 h and then washed prior to IVF. Exposure of oocytes to 10 or 20 μg/ml porcine OGP (pOGP) significantly reduced the incidence of polyspermy compared with the control (P < 0.01) while maintaining high penetration rates. When oocytes, spermatozoa, or both were preincubated with 10 μg/ml pOGP prior to IVF, the incidence of polyspermy was similarly reduced (P < 0.01) by all three treatments without affecting penetration rates. The ability of spermatozoa to undergo calcium ionophore-induced acrosome reaction was similar with or without exposure to pOGP. However, significantly fewer spermatozoa (P < 0.01) bound to the zona pellucida when oocytes were preincubated with pOGP. To evaluate the effect of pOGP on embryo development, embryos were cultured in pOGP-supplemented medium for 48 h or 144 h. Both transient and continuous exposure to pOGP significantly enhanced cleavage and blastocyst formation rate compared with the control (P < 0.01). These data demonstrate that exposure of either in vitro-matured oocytes or spermatozoa to pOGP decreased polyspermy and spermatozoa binding while maintaining high penetration rates of pig oocytes fertilized in vitro. Furthermore, pOGP exerted an embryotrophic effect independent of effects demonstrated on spermatozoa and oocytes at fertilization.
Grammar-based optimization of synthesis scenarios

Systems for multi-level logic optimization are usually based on a set of specialized, loosely-related transformations which work on a network representation. The sequence of transformations in a synthesis scenario (script) is crucial for the performance of the whole system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm for automatic tuning of scenarios, and therefore an approach for optimizing the synthesis process itself. We introduce a general context-free grammar to describe the set of relevant scenarios. For such grammars, we develop meaningful genetic operators for the implementation of an evolutionary search. Experiments with an industrial logic synthesis system show that our method can improve the efficiency of manually designed standard scenarios by an average of 8%. We also show that this approach can effectively tune scenarios to particular design styles and/or specific synthesis goals. >
Role of the 14‐3‐3 C‐terminal loop in ligand interaction

14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved dimeric molecules that interact with a broad range of target proteins, most of which contain phosphoserine/threonine. The amphipathic groove of 14-3-3 is the main structural feature involved in mediating its associations. We have studied another domain of 14-3-3, the C-terminal loop, to determine what role it plays in ligand interaction. A truncated form of 14-3-3zeta lacking this C-terminal loop was generated and found to bind with higher affinity than the wild-type 14-3-3zeta protein to the ligands Raf-1 and Bad. Interestingly, the truncated 14-3-3zeta also showed increased association with the 14-3-3 binding-deficient Bad/S136A mutant. Taken together, these data support a role for the C-terminal loop as a general inhibitor of 14-3-3/ligand interactions. This may provide a mechanism by which inappropriate associations with 14-3-3 are prevented.
When A Mild Mannered 1-5 eV Photon Meets A Big 10 eV Bandgap: Studies Of Laser Desorption From Modified Surfaces of Ionic Single Crystals

Exposing wide-bandgap ionic materials to UV and IR photons can produce ion emissions with kinetic energies of several eV, well in excess of the photon energy. Electron emissions are also observed. This implies that these materials possess occupied electronic defect states within the band gap. We have investigated the consequences of a variety of defect-generating stimuli (electron irradiation, laser irradiation, mechanical treatments, and heating) on electron and ion emission from inorganic ionic crystals. These stimuli generate defects that strongly interact with the probe laser on a wide variety of ionic crystals, and dramatically decrease the probe laser intensities required for ion and neutral emissions, laser damage, and plume formation.
White matter hyperintensity and lacunar infarct effects on cognition

of interest method focusing on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Mood symptom severity of the bipolar disorder patients was evaluated with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (mean scores: 2.89 and 19.89, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare the diagnostic characteristics of each index (MK and FA). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to correlate each index with mood symptom severity in the BD group. Results: MK was significantly decreased in the BD group (p1⁄40.02) while FA showed no significant differences. The MK had a better diagnostic performance with the areas under the ROC curve of 0.92 compared to 0.64 for the FA. MK was correlated with the MADRS (r1⁄4-0.66; p1⁄40.05), though no correlation was identified with the YMRS. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that DKI may be more sensitive to brain tissue microstructural changes in the PFC than conventional DTI and should be replicated in a larger sample size. The implementation of novel neuroimaging techniques, such as DKI, may further elucidate the biological correlates of clinical symptom presentation in geriatric mood disorders.
Sulfonated Poly(ether ketone ketone) Ionomers as Proton Exchange Membranes

Sulfonated poly(ether ketone ketone) ionomers (SPEKK) with ion-exchange capacities (IEC) between 0.2 and 3.4 meq/g were prepared by sulfonating PEKK with a mixture of concentrated and fuming sulfuric acids. Sulfonation occurs only on the phenyl rings attached to ether and ketone groups. The glass transition temperature of the dry SPEKK ionomers increased linearly with increasing IEC, and the ionomers were thermally stable to 250°C, above which desulfonation occurred. Waterswollen ionomers exhibited microphase separated morphologies, and the average correlation length determined by small angle X-ray scattering increased with increasing IEC. The proton conductivity of hydrated SPEKK membranes measured by impedance spectroscopy ranged from 10 –3 to 10 –1 S/cm as the IEC increased from 1.0 to 2.4 meq/g. Single cell performance curves on membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) indicated that the SPEKK membranes approached the performance of Nafion™ for an IEC of 2 meq/g. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1081–1091, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Social anxiety disorder: designing a pharmacologic treatment strategy.

Growing appreciation of the prevalence of and morbid sequelae associated with social anxiety disorder has focused increasing interest on the development of effective treatment strategies. A number of pharmacologic interventions, including the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, β-blockers, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder. The choice of initial treatment depends on a variety of factors including comorbidity, prior treatment history, patient preference, and adverse effect profile. This article will examine the effectiveness of various pharmacologic agents for the treatment of social anxiety disorder, discuss considerations for long-term management, and review strategies for optimizing treatment in patients who are partially responsive or unresponsive to initial therapy.
The Stress of Russian Nouns in -ик and -ица

This article presents a computational basis for a default position of stress in Russian nouns with the final sequence -ик or - иц(a) and their variants (e.g. the suffixes - ник , - овица , etc.). The position of stress in all such words is classified as root, stem, or final (desinential) and tallied. The results of the examination suggest that stress in Russian derived nouns functions to define the boundary between the root and suffix. The presence of a phonological factor in what traditionally has been seen as a strictly morphological phenomenon in the modern language is also indicated. This investigation supports conclusions made by Shapiro (1986) and experimental work by Crosswhite et al. (2003) and Lavitskaya et al. (2014) which show that stress in Russian nouns is essentially tied to the final stressable stem syllable.
The Post-War Computer Development

(1965). The Post-War Computer Development. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 72, No. sup2, pp. 8-14.
Abstract 1145: Analysis of circulating tumor cells from castrate resistant prostate cancer patients captured via a microfluidic device using the prostate specific membrane antigen antibody

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of cancer in males and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are commonly found in the blood of patients suffering from mestatic disease and the capture of these cells is important in the study of disease progression. Existing devices use the EpCAM antibody which can capture circulating epithelial cancer cells, but also leads to a large number of leukocyte contamination. We have developed a microfluidic chip functionalized with an antibody to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which captures prostate CTCs with high purity and efficiency. This chip is designed with a staggered obstacle array that maximizes the CTC-wall interactions while minimizing the interactions with the other cells in the blood. PSMA-positive or -negative PC cells were spiked into blood from healthy donors, and we calculated capture rates to be ∼80%. Next, blood samples from patients (n = 20) with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were run through the device and CTCs were captured and enumerated. CTCs were found in 90% of samples tested with the number captured averaging 27 ± 4 cells per mL of blood with a capture purity of 62 ± 2%. We plan to use this device to elucidate the molecular basis of CRPC clinical response to taxane treatment, which is the only class of chemotherapy drugs shown to improve survival in this type of PC. Previous data from our laboratory has shown that taxane treatment of PC cells inhibits the ligand-induced androgen receptor (AR) nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of androgen response element (ARE) containing genes including the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). These results implicate microtubules (MTs) in AR trafficking and suggest that the clinical activity of taxanes in CRPC may be mediated in part by the drugs’ ability to stabilize MTs and inhibit AR transcriptional activity. We plan to capture CTCs using the PSMA-specific microfluidic device from CRPC patients receiving taxane treatment and analyze them for AR subcellular distribution and correlate clinical response to taxane treatment. Our microfluidic device is a novel, specific, and improved technology to capture prostate CTCs that will allow us to better define the molecular basis of taxane treatment in CRPC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1145.
Disabilities and Chronic Illness Among LGBT Elders: Responses of Medicine, Public Health, Rehabilitation, and Social Work

Aging is frequently marked by chronic conditions and disability involving physical, psychological, and sensory disorders. Individuals with adult or later onset of chronic illness or acquired disability (CIAD) tend to experience more adjustment difficulties than those with early onset. Although most elderly adults remain healthy throughout the aging process, many LGBT elders do have chronic conditions and disabilities that affect their health and successful aging. This chapter reviews disabilities and chronic conditions that affect LGBT elders, challenges they face in dealing with disabilities and chronic illness, and implications of health care and health policy.
Comparation of Three Methods for Studying Microbial Diversity of Farmland Soil

Less than 1% of microorganisms taxa can be isolated and cultured from soil microbial community by traditional culturing approaches,which had great limitation for studying soil microbial diversity.Phospholipids fatty acid profile analysis,BIOLOG micro-plate analysis and DNA fingerprinting technique,can be employed to describe and characterize soil microorganisms which cannot be cultured currently,and get more perfect information of soil microbial diversity.The application principle,research status,advantage and disadvantage of the three methods were reviewed.Different methods should be combined in order to integrate the advantages of different methods,and ensure the efficiency and scientificity for studying microbial diversity of farmland soil.
Relationship of serum sICAM-1 level with PROM in preterm pregnant women

Objective To analyze the relationship of serum sICAM-1 level with chorioamnionitis and PROM in preterm pregnant women.Methods Forty Preterm pregnant women were selected,of which 22 cases with chorioamnionitis was study group,and 18 cases without chorioamnionitis was control group 1.20 parturition maturus pregnant women was control group 2.The rate of PROM and serum sICAM-1 level in three group swere compared.Results PROM rate had signifcant difference between study group and control group 1(P 0.05).serum sICAM-1 level in three groups had signifcant difference(P 0.01),and the study group was highest.Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 level correlates with chorioamnionitis,and chorioamnionitis can reduce PROM.So to detect serum sICAM-1 level can prognosis PPROM.
Electrical discharge propagation in space-charged PMMA

A series of controlled experiments using injected electron space charge layers has been used to study discharge propagation. This experimental technique is unique in its ability to investigate discharges where equipotential surfaces are not the major sources of the field but rather space-charge clouds provide the driving force.
Primary Care Provider Perceptions of Colorectal Cancer Screening Barriers: Implications for Designing Quality Improvement Interventions

Aims. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is underutilized. Increasing CRC screening rates requires interventions targeting multiple barriers at each level of the healthcare organization (patient, provider, and system). We examined groups of primary care providers (PCPs) based on perceptions of screening barriers and the relationship to CRC screening rates to inform approaches for conducting barrier assessments prior to designing and implementing quality improvement interventions. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study linking EHR and survey data. PCPs with complete survey responses for questions addressing CRC screening barriers were included (N = 166 PCPs; 39,430 patients eligible for CRC screening). Cluster analysis identified groups of PCPs. Multivariate logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for predictors of membership in one of the PCP groups. Results. We found two distinct groups: (1) PCPs identifying multiple barriers to CRC screening at patient, provider, and system levels (N = 75) and (2) PCPs identifying no major barriers to screening (N = 91). PCPs in the top half of CRC screening performance were more likely to identify multiple barriers than the bottom performers (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.43-7.08). Conclusions. High-performing PCPs can more effectively identify CRC screening barriers. Targeting high-performers when conducting a barrier assessment is a novel approach to assist in designing quality improvement interventions for CRC screening.
Androgen receptor amplification is concordant between circulating tumor cells and biopsies from men undergoing treatment for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.

// Jennifer Podolak 1 , Kristi Eilers 1 , Timothy Newby 1 , Rachel Slottke 1 , Erin Tucker 1 , Susan B. Olson 2 , Hui-Wen Lue 1 , Jack Youngren 3 , Rahul Aggarwal 3 , Eric J. Small 3 , Julie N. Graff 1 , Joshi J. Alumkal 1 , Tomasz M. Beer 1 and George V. Thomas 1, 2 1 Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 3 School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Correspondence to: George V. Thomas, email: thomasge@ohsu.edu Keywords: prostate cancer, circulating tumor cells, androgen receptor, metastases, metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer Received: September 30, 2016 Accepted: February 27, 2017 Published: March 13, 2017 ABSTRACT Increased AR activity has been shown to be preserved in spatially distinct metastatic tumors from the same patient suggesting the requirement for lineage-specific dependencies for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Amplification of the AR gene is a common mechanism by which mCRPC increase AR activity. To determine whether AR amplification in circulating tumor cells (CTC) could complement metastatic tissue biopsies in men undergoing treatment for mCRPC, we developed a novel two-step assay to isolate CTCs and subsequently analyzed AR amplification status in CTCs and matched biopsy tissue from the same patient by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). AR gene status in CTCs showed strong concordance with AR gene status in matched tissue samples in 24 of 25 patients (Correlation: 96%; Kappa: 0.83; Sensitivity: 100%, Specificity: 83%). Our work demonstrates that AR amplification is conserved between CTCs and biopsies and that CTCs can serve as non-invasive surrogate to document AR amplification in mCRPC.
New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate.

The volume of Martian valley network (VN) cavity and the amount of water needed to create the cavity by erosion are of significant importance for understanding the early Martian climate, the style and rate of hydrologic cycling, and the possibility of an ancient ocean. However, previous attempts at estimating these two quantities were based on selected valleys or at local sites using crude estimates of VN length, width and depth. Here we employed an innovative progressive black top hat transformation method to estimate them on a global scale based on the depth of each valley pixel. The conservative estimate of the minimum global VN volume is 1.74 × 1014 m3 and minimum cumulative volume of water required is 6.86 × 1017 m3 (or ∼5 km of global equivalent layer, GEL). Both are much larger than previous estimates and are consistent with an early warm and wet climate with active hydrologic cycling involving an ocean. To understand the early Martian climate, the volume of the global Martian valley network is required. Here, the authors use a black top hat transformation method and find that the minimum global valley network volume is 1.74 × 1,014 m3 with a minimum cumulative volume of water required of 6.86 × 1,017 m3.
Hurricane preparedness among elderly residents in South Florida

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe factors associated with hurricane preparation and to test a theoretical model of hurricane preparation decision process among a group of elderly residents living in a high-risk geographical area. Design and Sample This is a descriptive, correlational study. A convenience sample consisted of 188 English-speaking individuals who were aged 55 years or older. Measures In addition to demographic information, two survey instruments were used. Theoretical constructs were operationalized through Moon's Hurricane Preparation Questionnaire. Hurricane preparedness was measured by self-reported responses to FEMA's inventory checklist, which addresses the recommended basic steps of preparation. Results The theoretical model of hurricane preparation decision process was supported. Main barriers to preparation are the need for cooperation from others and cost of preparation. Participants reported having taken many preparatory steps to shelter-in-place, but too few are prepared if their home were storm-damaged or they should have to evacuate. Conclusions Findings are consistent with previous studies of samples drawn from similar populations. This report provides guidance as to how public health nurses can become involved with the population and develop interventions based on the constructs of the theoretical model.
Regional Governance in North America

The local government system was established in most nations to meet the needs of more rural, isolated, limited-service communities. Communities provided limited services and were often quite autonomous and independent because communication and transportation systems were slow. As countries industrialized, they also urbanized. Urbanization brought increased demand for community services. Technological changes also provided additional opportunities and demands for new and improved local governmental services. The traditional local governing structure of most countries does not contemplate a metropolitan-scale government. Governmental systems usually consist of a national government, a sub-national government level (states or provinces) and local governments. As countries urbanized and development spilled over traditional local government borders, metropolitan regions emerged with new governing challenges and issues. Most traditional governing systems are not well equipped to handle regional governance issues.
And So Ad Infinitum: The Search for Quark and Lepton Substructure

The Victorian era mathematician, Augustus de Morgan wrote, “Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite ‘em, And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum.”
Overcoming the Octave Displacement: Vocal Modeling Strategies for Male Elementary General Music Teachers:

The purpose of this article is to address the issue that children’s natural singing voices and pitch perception are in a treble range, and a male elementary general music teacher’s natural singing ...
Perpetuating the patriarchy: misogyny and (post-)feminist backlash

How are patriarchal regimes perpetuated and reproduced? Kate Manne’s recent work on misogyny aims to provide an answer to this central question. According to her, misogyny is a property of social environments where women perceived as violating patriarchal norms are ‘kept down’ through hostile reactions coming from men, other women and social structures. In this paper, I argue that Manne’s approach is problematically incomplete. I do so by examining a recent puzzling social phenomenon which I call (post-)feminist backlash: the rise of women-led movements reinstating patriarchal practices in the name of feminism. I focus on the example of ‘raunch feminist’ CAKE parties and argue that their pro-patriarchal dimension cannot be adequately explained by misogyny. I propose instead a different story that emphasizes the continued centrality of gender distinctions in our social normative life, even as gendered social meanings become increasingly contested. This triggers meaning vertigo, a distinct form of social anxiety and the reactionary impulse at the heart of (post)-feminist backlash. Meaning vertigo both complicates the answer to Manne’s main question—“why is misogyny still a thing?”—and suggests the need and opportunity for a different kind of feminist political intervention.
Induced Non-Enzymatic Browning of Soybean Meal. I. Effects of Factors Controlling Non-Enzymatic Browning on In Vitro Ammonia Release

ABSTRACT Non-enzymatic browning was tested as a means of suppressing degradation of soybean meal (SBM) by ruminal microbes in five trials with in vitro ammonia release as the response criterion. Treatments imposed on SBM included reducing sugar source (xylose, glucose, fructose and lactose), reducing sugar level (1, 3 and 5 mol/mol SBM-lysine), pH (6.5, 8.5 and 10.0), dry matter (DM) content (65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%) and varying lengths of heating time ( 0 to 90 min) at 150 C. Samples heated under conditions that promoted non-enzymatic browning gave greater (P<.01) ammonia release suppression that when SBM was heated without these treatments. Xylose was the most reactive sugar, but extended heating of SBM containing glucose, fructose or lactose resulted in ammonia release similar to xylose. Increasing sugar level from 1 to 5 mol/mol SBM-lysine caused linear decreases (P<.01) in ammonia release for xylose, glucose and fructose, but not lactose. Am- monia release was higher (P<.01) at pH 6.5 than pH 8.5 and 10.0, and higher (P<.01) at pH 9.5 than pH 10.0. Rate of non-enzymatic browning decreased when samples containing greater than 80% DM were heated. These results are interpreted to show that controlled non-enzymatic brown- ing may be effective for reducing ruminal degradation of SBM. (Key Words: Soybean Oilmeal, Non-enzymatic Browning, Protein Degradation.)