cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 2 Phosphorylates and Promotes Pin1 Protein-dependent Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Turnover

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is a tumor suppressor that has an important role in several cellular processes, including apoptosis, viral infection, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and senescence. PML is an essential component of sub-nuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Pin1, binds and targets PML for degradation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying Pin1-mediated PML degradation, we aimed to identify one or more factors that promote PML phosphorylation. Here we show that treatment with U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK2 upstream kinases MEK1/2, leads to an increase in PML protein accumulation and an inhibition of the interaction between Pin1 and PML in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Consistent with this observation, phosphorylated ERK2 partially co-localized with PML NBs. Although U0126 up-regulated exogenous wild-type PML levels, it did not have an effect on the steady-state level of a mutant form of PML that is defective in binding Pin1. In addition, exogenous wild-type, but not Pin1 binding-defective PML protein expression levels were decreased by overexpression of ERK2. In contrast, knockdown of ERK2 by siRNA resulted in an increase in PML protein levels and an increase in the formation of PML NBs. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we identified Ser-403 and Ser-505 as the ERK2 targets that promote Pin1-mediated PML degradation. Finally, we demonstrated that EGF induced activation of ERK and interaction between PML and phosphorylated ERK resulting in a decrease in PML protein levels. Taken together, our results support a model in which Pin1 promotes PML degradation in an ERK2-dependent manner.
Outcome of Lower L-Thyroxine Dose for Treatment of Congenital Hypothyroidism

The appropriateness of the recommended L-thyroxine dose (10-15 μg/kg/day) for the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism has been questioned because of the risk of iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. We report the outcome of 23 newborns with congenital primary hypothyroidism treated with 25 μg L-thyroxine per day (5.3-9.2 μg/kg/day) and followed for an average of 59 months. Serum thyroxine (T4) values increased (X = 11.4 ± 2.7 μg/dL) within 4 weeks posttherapy; eight infants had T4 levels ≥13 μg/dL on only half the currently recommended dose. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values remained elevated in 18 of 21 patients for 2-21 months despite a high-normal T4. Psychometric tests were performed in 19 of the 23 patients. The mean Full Scale IQ for the congenital hypothyroid group (n = 16 ) was 101.4 ± 13.2 with comparable Verbal and Performance IQ scores. Patients with a bone age (BA) of ≤32 weeks or T4 <2 μg/dL at initial evaluation had significantly Lower Verbal IQ scores. A standardized parent-report assessmen...
Quantifying the Pressure and Force Applied by the Hand When Utilizing Adapted Spoons During Self Feeding

s / Journal of Hand Therapy 27 (2014) e1ee9 e4 including: scar mobilization, use of scar pad, range of motion exercises, and strengthening to begin at 3 weeks post-operative. Patients were also educated at this time about return to function and activities as tolerated.Using theBostonCarpal TunnelOutcomesQuestionnaire data was collected pre-operatively on the day of surgery and postoperatively at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. Results: 826 patients were included in this analysis with data collected from 950 hands. 26 patients had bilateral open CTR performed on the same surgical day. 98 patients had a contralateral open CTR performed during the collection period. Improvement in symptom severity score reached a significant difference at 2 weeks post-operatively. Significant functional improvement occurred within 6 weeks of surgery. Complications included pillar pain, palm pain, persistent symptoms andwound dehiscence. Our rate of pillar pain was 6.7% and this is lower than rates of 12-38% commonly reported in the literature. Medical comorbidities (including diabetes, polyneuropathy, thyroid disease, and gout) were evaluated and no significant difference was noted when compared to individuals without comorbidities. We utilized a p value of (p < 0.01) for significance. Conclusion: This outcomes project at TRIA Orthopaedic Center represents the largest sample size found in the literature. The improvement we’ve reported in symptoms at 2 weeks and function at 6 weeks is superior to previously reported studies. Early mobilization following open CTR has been reported beneficial in the literature. The instruction in scar management, mobilization, and early return to function at the two week hand therapy visit have contributed to our lower complication rate and significantly improved outcomes. This standardized pathway allows us to study large numbers of patients with equivalent experiences, thus enabling us to report expected outcomes to patients and payers, and alter protocols based on our findings to continue to improve the care we provide our patients.
U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from Permian and Jurassic eolian sandstones of the Colorado Plateau, USA: Paleogeographic implications

Detrital zircon grains (n=468) from eolian sandstones of Permian and Jurassic sand seas on the Colorado Plateau of southwest Laurentia fall into six separable age populations defined by discrete peaks on age–probability plots. The eolian sands include significant contributions from all Precambrian age belts of the Laurentian craton and all key plutonic assemblages of the Appalachian orogen marking the Laurentia–Gondwana suture within Pangaea. Nearly half the detrital zircon grains were derived ultimately from Grenvillian (1315–1000 Ma), Pan-African (750–500 Ma), and Paleozoic (500–310 Ma) bedrock sources lying within or along the flank of the Appalachian orogen. Recycled origins for Appalachian-derived grains, except for temporary residence of synorogenic detritus in the Appalachian foreland basin or in deformed Ouachita flysch and molasses along tectonic strike, are precluded by regional geology and known geochronology from other Laurentian sedimentary assemblages. We infer that transcontinental Permian and Jurassic river systems transported detritus of Appalachian provenance westward across the subdued surface of the Laurentian craton, for deposition as proximate sources for eolian systems feeding the ergs, on unconsolidated fluvial plains, deltas, and strandlines that lay up-paleowind along or near the Cordilleran paleoshoreline north and northeast of the Colorado Plateau. The postulated river systems headed in the remnant Appalachian orogen (Permian) or the incipient Atlantic rift belt (Jurassic), and additional transport of the Appalachian-derived detritus toward the Colorado Plateau was achieved by longshore drift of sediment southward along the Cordilleran paleoshoreline under the influence of prevailing trade winds in the Permian–Jurassic tropics. Only a quarter of the eolianite detrital zircons were derived or recycled from Mesoproterozoic (1470–1335 Ma) and younger Paleoproterozoic (1800–1615 Ma) basement of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains province adjacent to the Colorado Plateau. The final quarter of eolianite detrital zircons were derived from older Paleoproterozoic (2200–1800 Ma) and Archaean (3015–2580 Ma) basement of the Laurentian shield, or recycled from its sedimentary cover. Both Laurentian shield and Ancestral Rockies detritus may have entered the same transcontinental river systems (through tributary streams), or the same Cordilleran strandline system (by longshore drift), responsible for the delivery of Appalachian-derived sediment to positions near the Colorado Plateau ergs. As Colorado Plateau ergs received contributions from all the potential bedrock sources contiguous with Permian–Jurassic Laurentia and its orogenic–taphrogenic margins, detrital zircon studies of analogous ancient erg deposits elsewhere may help test reconstructions of Rodinia and other ancient paleocontinents by providing proxy records of the full age ranges of bedrock sources distributed across the surfaces of entire landmasses.
Human Histocompatibility Antigens

Transplantation antigens are genetically segregating, cell surface markers which trigger an immune response by the host following the grafting of foreign tissues. The hypothesis that transplants are destroyed by an immunological reaction is based upon Medawar’s demonstration of specific accelerated rejection of repeat tissue grafts derived from the original donors, i.e., the second-set phenomenon (Medawar, 1963). Allografting thus causes the host to recognize a set of cellular antigens which distinguish him from the graft donor. These polymorphic antigenic specificities constitute an allotypic system under the control of genetic loci. In most species, there is a single histocompatibility locus controlling the rapid rejection of allografts: H-2 of mice, B locus of chickens, Ag–B of rats, C-LA of chimpanzees, D-LA of dogs, and HL-A of man (Ceppellini et al., 1967; Dausset et al., 1970). The strong loci code for a mosaic of serological specificities. One proposal organizes the alleleic specificities into two subloci: one consisting of HL-A1,2,3,9,10,11 and the other of HLA5,7,8,12,13 (Dausset et al.,1969). Although the two–subloci concept is consistent with the serological data from family studies, it fails to explain (1) the inheritance of the widespread, broad specificities, e.g., 4a,4b,6a,6b, and (2) the production of antibodies directed either against specificities present in the host or absent from the immunizing cell (Batchelor and Selwood, 1970). Although several alternative inheritance patterns have been recently discussed, it is anticipated that the genetic mechanisms will be apparent once the chemical structure of the geneproduct transplantation antigens is elucidated. In spite of these theoretical uncertainties, there is a definite correlation between HL-A phenotypes and tissue graft survival. A match of the antigenic determinants of donor and host provides a better chance of transplant survival.
Comparative phenology and cohort survival of beech scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) in part of its native range (Caucasus Mountains, Georgia) and in an invaded area (Massachusetts, USA)

Abstract The phenology and survival of beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), were investigated in part of its native range (Caucasus Mountains, Georgia) and in an invaded area (Massachusetts, USA). Despite nearly identical growing seasons (as measured by cumulative day-degrees), the scale was found to be bivoltine in the Caucasus Mountain region but univoltine in Massachusetts. In Georgia, scales overwintered as adults, whereas in Massachusetts, 1st instar crawlers were the overwintering stage. In Massachusetts, protective cages increased scale survival over a year-long period, but the effect was not great and was presumed to be due to exclusion of generalist predators, not specialized natural enemies. There was no effect of caging on survival in Georgia, and no support was found for the hypothesis that specialized natural enemies might exist in the scale's native range that might be imported for biological control of the pest in the United States. Rather, it appears that...
Do Economic Regions Have Core Competences? Public-Private Collaborations and Regional Competitive Advantage

The debate over the nature and dynamics of national economic competitiveness has devolved somewhat into a discussion about regional economic competitiveness. Is ‘regional competitive advantage’ a useful concept in studying growth and prosperity? Are regional institutions capable of building unique competitive advantages in their constituent communities? Do regions have the ability to compete in the global marketplace in a manner different from nations? If we answer these questions in the affirmative, what is the nature of regional competitive advantage? Past studies of regional industry clusters focused on the purely empirical problem of identifying, characterizing and measuring these clusters. Only recently have studies investigated the underpinnings of these clusters in a theory-driven manner. This paper presents an argument that an economic region can have differentiated competences, rooted in the particular human and intellectual capital assets located there. Creating and executing a regional strategy which leverages those competences requires a particular form of public-private collaboration. Exploratory case studies of such regional institutions provide early evidence of how these collaborations support regional competitive advantage.
18.3 A 1.2V 64Gb 8-channel 256GB/s HBM DRAM with peripheral-base-die architecture and small-swing technique on heavy load interface

Because of the expansion of high performance computing (HPC) and server market, demand for HBM DRAM is increasing. With this market flow, diverse customers require various HBM product families. One customer requirement is full bandwidth with less density. Therefore, this work presents a HBM DRAM, which supports 4, 8, and even 2-hi stacks with full-bandwidth performance. The HBM DRAM adopts a peripheral base die architecture, which has smaller chip size and good testability resulting in more manufacturability. This architecture can compensate for process variation, since this problem among core dies within the same known good stacked die (KGSD) is the key issue of TSV-based stacked DRAM [1]. Layout aligning between PHY and TSVs improves the speed performance of the whole system due to reduced data skew. The peripheral base die contains address/command decoders (COMDEC), a core pipe-out (POUT) signal generator, and internal power, references and bias generators. A small-swing technique on a heavy load interface can reduce dynamic power and also has tolerance to process variations.
An Exploratory Examination of Situational Variables, Effort and Salesperson Performance

This study investigated the relative impact of situational variables and salesperson effort on sales performance. The results from a sample of 249 salespeople suggest that several situational variables can affect sales performance. Salesperson effort was shown to explain additional variance in sales performance beyond that explained by the study’s situational variables. Implications for sales force management are also discussed.
Technical Note: Development and performance of a software tool for quality assurance of online replanning with a conventional Linac or MR-Linac

Purpose: To develop an integrated quality assurance (QA) software tool for online replanning capable of efficiently and automatically checking radiation treatment (RT) planning parameters and gross plan quality, verifying treatment plan data transfer from treatment planning system (TPS) to record and verify (R&V) system, performing a secondary monitor unit (MU) calculation with or without a presence of a magnetic field from MR-Linac, and validating the delivery record consistency with the plan. Methods: The software tool, named ArtQA, was developed to obtain and compare plan and treatment parameters from both the TPS and the R&V system database. The TPS data are accessed via direct file reading and the R&V data are retrieved via open database connectivity and structured query language. Plan quality is evaluated with both the logical consistency of planning parameters and the achieved dose–volume histograms. Beams in between the TPS and R&V system are matched based on geometry configurations. To consider the effect of a 1.5 T transverse magnetic field from MR-Linac in the secondary MU calculation, a method based on modified Clarkson integration algorithm was developed and tested for a series of clinical situations. Results: ArtQA has been used in their clinic and can quickly detect inconsistencies and deviations in the entire RT planning process. With the use of the ArtQA tool, the efficiency for plan check including plan quality, data transfer, and delivery check can be improved by at least 60%. The newly developed independent MU calculation tool for MR-Linac reduces the difference between the plan and calculated MUs by 10%. Conclusions: The software tool ArtQA can be used to perform a comprehensive QA check from planning to delivery with conventional Linac or MR-Linac and is an essential tool for online replanning where the QA check needs to be performed rapidly.
Losing the Arctic: the U.S. corporate community, the national-security state, and climate change

Global warming is transforming the Arctic. This study presents an analysis of prominent think tank and U.S. national security strategy documents in order to explore how both the corporate community and the U.S. government are responding to changes in the region. While sociologists have paid a great deal of attention to think tanks and climate denialism, this study introduces the term climate opportunism to describe how important segments within the corporate community and the U.S. government are planning to take advantage of Arctic warming in order to promote economic growth and to extend territorial control. By so doing, this study suggests that, while capitalism and militarism are often treated as analytically distinct in the sociological literature, the corporate community and the military often depend upon one another and plan accordingly. Finally, the research findings reported here indicate that, as is consistent with much theory in environmental sociology, the expansionary logics of capitalism and ...
Participation of Women in Architectural Engineering: What Causes It?

Under-representation of women in engineering is of concern as the decreasing supply of qualified engineers continues to plague the nation’s advancement. Understanding what factors influence choices of engineering disciplines has the potential for altering education to accommodate a more diverse student body that can be successful in engineering. There are seventeen accredited architectural engineering programs in the nation and they are very different. They vary greatly in terms of the emphasis of curriculum, the length of the degree, the degree of inclusion of architecture studios, and whether they are collocated in a department of civil engineering. Despite these differences, architectural engineering programs graduate on average 30% women which is far higher that the percentages of women in other engineering programs. This paper compares the percentage of women in architectural engineering programs to those in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering programs nationwide and attempts to explain the difference. A survey of women in the Cal Poly architectural engineering department was administered to discover why these women personally chose AE as a major, why they persist in the major, and why they think women are so largely represented in the major. The results represent a competitive advantage that architectural engineering programs have and are of great interest to the Architectural Engineering Institute.
An Easy Conversion from Platinum(II) Reagents to Platinum(IV) Products: κ3 to κ2 Coordination Mode Interconversion, Phenyl Migration, and Ortho C–H Activation Cascade in a Hemilabile “Click”-Triazole Scorpionate Platinum System

A series of platinum phenyl olefin complexes has been prepared that bear hemilabile “Click”-triazole based scorpionate ligands (TtR). Mild heating of the olefin adducts initiates a reaction sequenc...
Genome editing for clinical HIV isolates.

An engineered recombinase removes the HIV-1 provirus from patient-derived cells and reduces infection in humanized mice.
Seizure treatment in Angelman syndrome: A case series from the Angelman Syndrome Clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital

Epilepsy is a common feature of Angelman syndrome (~80-90%), with the most common seizure types including myoclonic, atonic, atypical absence, focal, and generalized tonic-clonic. Seizure types are similar among the various genetic subtypes, but epilepsy in those with maternal deletions is more frequent and more refractory to medication. Treatment with older antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid and clonazepam is effective, but these medications tend to have less favorable side effect profiles in Angelman syndrome compared with those in newer medications. This study aimed to assess the use of newer antiepileptic drug therapies in individuals with Angelman syndrome followed at the Angelman Syndrome Clinic at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Many of the subjects in this study were on valproic acid therapy prior to their initial evaluation and exhibited increased tremor, decreased balance, and/or regression of motor skills, which resolved after tapering off of this medication. Newer antiepileptic drugs such as levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and clobazam, and to a lesser extent topiramate, appeared to be as effective - if not more so - as valproic acid and clonazepam while offering more favorable side effect profiles. The low glycemic index treatment also provided effective seizure control with minimal side effects. The majority of subjects remained on combination therapy with levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and clobazam being the most commonly used medications, indicating a changing trend when compared with prior studies.
Agnes Hüfner, Brecht in Frankreich, 1930–1963. Aufnahme, Verbreitung, Wirkung

(1969). Agnes Hufner, Brecht in Frankreich, 1930–1963. Aufnahme, Verbreitung, Wirkung. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 149-151.
Introduction: Learning Beyond the School and Classroom

This book is about how young learners in Greece learned to be Greek in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in informal educational settings. This introductory chapter addresses the main questions that this book sets out to answer, explores informal learning’s historical contours by evaluating change and continuity over time, and considers social, political, and cultural factors that impacted informal learning. By focusing on the importance of informal learning in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Greece, this book addresses learning outside the school.
Embedding Environmental Advocates: EDF Climate Corps

Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), a nonprofit organization founded in 1967, combines policy, economics, and science to design market-based solutions to environmental problems in climate and energy, toxins and human health, oceans and fisheries, and ecosystems. In 2007, EDF had noted that while energy efficiency was widely understood as valuable, both as a business solution and as a climate solution, adoption rates among large corporations were surprisingly low. As a result, it began exploring potential solutions.
Ethanol, TLR3, and TLR4 Agonists Have Unique Innate Immune Responses in Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y and Microglia-Like BV2.

Background Ethanol (EtOH) consumption leads to an increase of proinflammatory signaling via activation of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR3 and TLR4 that leads to kinase activation (ERK1/2, p38, TBK1), transcription factor activation (NF κB, IRF3), and increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. This immune signaling cascade is thought to play a role in neurodegeneration and alcohol use disorders. While microglia are considered to be the primary macrophage in brain, it is unclear what if any role neurons play in EtOH‐induced proinflammatory signaling.
Scientific biography of Stanley Mandelstam: 1955–1980

I review Stanley Mandelstam’s many contributions to particle physics, quantum field theory and string theory covering the years 1955 through 1980. His more recent work will be reviewed by Nathan Berkovits.
Long-range Cortical Dynamics: A Perspective From the Mouse Sensorimotor Whisker System

In the mammalian neocortex, the capacity to dynamically route and coordinate the exchange of information between areas is a critical feature of cognitive function, enabling processes such as higher-level sensory processing and sensorimotor integration. Despite the importance attributed to long-range connections between cortical areas, their exact operations and role in cortical function remain an open question. In recent years, progress has been made in understanding long-range cortical circuits through work focused on the mouse sensorimotor whisker system. In this review, we examine recent studies dissecting long-range circuits involved in whisker sensorimotor processing as an entry point for understanding the rules that govern long-range cortical circuit function.
Generating Virtual Avatars with Personalized Walking Gaits using Commodity Hardware

We present a novel algorithm for generating virtual avatars which move like the represented human subject, using inexpensive sensors & commodity hardware. Our algorithm is based on a perceptual study that evaluates self-recognition and similarity of gaits rendered on virtual avatars. We identify discriminatory features of human gait and propose a data-driven synthesis algorithm that can generate a set of similar gaits from a single walker. These features are combined to automatically synthesize personalized gaits for a human user from noisy motion capture data. The overall approach is robust and can generate new gaits with little or no artistic intervention using commodity sensors in a simple laboratory setting. We demonstrate our approach's application in rapidly animating virtual avatars of new users with personalized gaits, as well as procedurally generating distinct but similar "families" of gait in virtual environments.
Physician nurse care: A new use of UMLS to measure professional contribution: Are we talking about the same patient a new graph matching algorithm?

Abstract Background Physician and nurses have worked together for generations; however, their language and training are vastly different; comparing and contrasting their work and their joint impact on patient outcomes is difficult in light of this difference. At the same time, the EHR only includes the physician perspective via the physician-authored discharge summary, but not nurse documentation. Prior research in this area has focused on collaboration and the usage of similar terminology. Objective The objective of the study is to gain insight into interprofessional care by developing a computational metric to identify similarities, related concepts and differences in physician and nurse work. Methods 58 physician discharge summaries and the corresponding nurse plans of care were transformed into Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs). MedLEE, a Natural Language Processing (NLP) program, extracted “physician terms” from free-text physician summaries. The nursing plans of care were constructed using the HANDS© nursing documentation software. HANDS© utilizes structured terminologies: nursing diagnosis (NANDA-I), outcomes (NOC), and interventions (NIC) to create “nursing terms”. The physician's and nurse's terms were compared using the UMLS network for relatedness, overlaying the physician and nurse terms for comparison. Our overarching goal is to provide insight into the care, by innovatively applying graph algorithms to the UMLS network. We reveal the relationships between the care provided by each professional that is specific to the patient level. Results We found that only 26% of patients had synonyms (identical UMLS CUIs) between the two professions’ documentation. On average, physicians’ discharge summaries contain 27 terms and nurses’ documentation, 18. Traversing the UMLS network, we found an average of 4 terms related (distance less than 2) between the professions, leaving most concepts as unrelated between nurse and physician care. Conclusion Our hypothesis that physician's and nurse's practice domains are markedly different is supported by the preliminary, quantitative evidence we found. Leveraging the UMLS network and graph traversal algorithms, allows us to compare and contrast nursing and physician care on a single patient, enabling a more complete picture of patient care. We can differentiate professional contributions to patient outcomes and related and divergent concepts by each profession.
Molecular Genetics of Circadian Rhythms in Neurospora , a Prototypic Circadian System

Earlier sections of this book have established that circadian systems are complicated. With this section, we try to cut through the complexity to the basic molecular issues defining and governing circadian timing at the biochemical level. We recall the three great questions in circadian biology: (1)Input—howdo environmental signals reset the clock? (2)The oscillator—whatare the gears and cogs in the feedback loop generating time and how is the loop assembled? (3)Output—howis time information that is generated by the clock then transduced to effect changes in the behavior of the organism? Answers to all of these questions are attainable at the level of proteins, RNAs, genes, and small molecules. It is widely accepted as a tenet of circadian biology that intercellular communication plays no obligate role in the generation of circadian rhythmicity, although it is surely involved in the entrainment and expression of rhythms in multicellular organisms. Clearly the cell is the basic unit timer. Current work on prototypic cellular circadian systems promises to establish the paradigms that will govern the way we approach the molecular dissection of more complex systems in the same way that Pittendrigh’s early work on the resetting responses ofDrosophila pseudoobscuragoverned the way an entire generation thought about how to determine the formal characteristics of circadian pacemakers. Thus, model systems are of interest not only because that tell us concretely how more complex systems will work, but also because they teach us how to think about problems in more complex systems.
Ciprofloxacin vs. levofloxacin for prophylaxis in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BackgroundInfection is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing myleosuppressive therapy with the risk of infection being heightened during the neutropenic phase. Flu...
The Management of a patient with a fragmented intrauterine device embedded within the cervical canal.

Abstract A 28-year-old woman presented with a malpositioned intrauterine device (IUD) that was fragmented and significantly entrenched within the cervical canal and myometrium. IUD malposition with concomitant device fragmentation and embedded segments, albeit rare, should be a consideration given the device's prevalence.
Group 13 Lewis Acid Adducts of [PCl2N]3.

The adducts (III), obtained under strict anaerobic conditions, are characterized by XRD and multinuclear and variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy.
Refining instrument response functions with 3-D Monte Carlo simulations of differential hard x-ray spectrometers

Abstract Three x-ray spectrometers – the hard x-ray detector (HXRD), the bremsstrahlung MeV x-ray spectrometer (BMXS), and the hard x-ray image plate (HXIP) – areused to estimate hot-electron bremsstrahlung spectrum parameters for inertial confinement fusion experiments on OMEGA. Using 1-D deterministically calculated response functions, they show significantly different estimates of spectrum slope temperature. For all three detectors, 3-D Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations are developed and used to compute instrument response functions. Simulations explain features in raw image-plate data, but only significantly improve systematic errors in predicted detector channel signals for BMXS and do not entirely eliminate the discrepancy between estimates of slope temperature.
Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation

In many settings, tumor-associated inflammation, supported mainly by innate immune cells, contributes to tumor growth. Initial innate activation triggers secretion of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn shape the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Here, we review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. In this context, we outline important gaps in current understanding by considering basic research and findings in the clinic. The future of cancer immunotherapy and its utility depend on improved understanding of these interactions and the ability to manipulate them in a predictable and beneficial manner.
Lost in translation: the valley of death across preclinical and clinical divide – identification of problems and overcoming obstacles

A rift that has opened up between basic research (bench) and clinical research and patients (bed) who need their new treatments, diagnostics and prevention, and this rift is widening and getting deeper. The crisis involving the “translation” of basic scientific findings in a laboratory setting into human applications and potential treatments or biomarkers for a disease is widely recognized both in academia and industry. Despite the attempts that have been made both in academic and industry settings to mitigate this problem, the high attrition rates of drug development and the problem with reproducibility and translatability of preclinical findings to human applications remain a fact and the return on the investment has been limited in terms of clinical impact. Here I provide an overview of the challenges facing the drug development, and translational discordance with specific focus on a number of “culprits” in translational research including poor hypothesis, irreproducible data, ambiguous preclinical models, statistical errors, the influence of organizational structures, lack of incentives in the academic setting, governmental funding mechanisms, the clinical relevance of basic research, insufficient transparency, and lack of data sharing in research. I further provide some suggestions and new strategies that include some new aspects on open innovation models, entrepreneurship, transparency, and decision making to overcome each of the many problems during the drug discovery and development process and to more dynamically adjust for innovation challenges with broader scientific feedback.
Optical Sensor Behavior Prediction using LSTM Neural Network

Optical fiber-based-sensors proved capable of enduring various harsh environments. Long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural-networks are often used for datasets with long-dependences. Here, rare FBG measurements collected from a neutron reactor core were used to build a neural-network capable of predicting the future events inside the reactor.
Heat Analysis -- A Tensoral-Dimensional Approach

A new type of dimensional analysis is used to develop expressions relating the heat capacity and thermal conductivity to elastic-mechanical macroscopic physical properties. The approach is based on the invariance properties of tensors as applied to continua and although the particular application of the paper is in the field of "heat," the methods and techniques are general and can be applied to all phenomena related to continuum mechanics.
Multi-Scale Simulation of Wind Farm Performance during a Frontal Passage

Predicting the response of wind farms to changing flow conditions is necessary for optimal design and operation. In this work, simulation and analysis of a frontal passage through a utility scale wind farm is achieved for the first time using a seamless multi-scale modeling approach. A generalized actuator disk (GAD) wind turbine model is used to represent turbine–flow interaction, and results are compared to novel radar observations during the frontal passage. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is employed with a nested grid setup that allows for coupling between multi-scale atmospheric conditions and turbine response. Starting with mesoscale forcing, the atmosphere is dynamically downscaled to the region of interest, where the interaction between turbulent flows and individual wind turbines is simulated with 10 m grid spacing. Several improvements are made to the GAD model to mimic realistic turbine operation, including a yawing capability and a power output calculation. Ultimately, the model is able to capture both the dynamics of the frontal passage and the turbine response; predictions show good agreement with observed background velocity, turbine wake structure, and power output after accounting for a phase shift in the mesoscale forcing. This study demonstrates the utility of the WRF-GAD model framework for simulating wind farm performance under complex atmospheric conditions.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Variation and Epidemiology of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Substantial progress has been achieved during the last few years in elucidating a clearer understanding of the molecular biology of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and its mechanisms of infectivity and pathogenesis. HIV-1 selectively infects cells that have a surface antigen known as CD4 (Klatzmann et al., 1984; Maddon et al., 1986). The T-helper lymphocyte is particularly susceptible; infection with HIV-1 can destroy T-helper cells and interfere with T-helper cell function (Barre-Sinoussi et al., 1983; Gallo, et al., 1984; Fauci, 1988). CD4-positive monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, and certain cells in the brain and gastrointestinal tract can also be infected with HIV- I (Montagnier et al., 1984; Gartner et al., 1986; Wiley et al., 1986; Nelson et al., 1988). The collective result is profound immunosuppression manifested by opportunistic infections and malignancies, as well as other clinical features including hematologic abnormalities, arthritis, pneumonitis, nephritis, certain diarrhea’ and wasting syndromes, and neurologie dysfunction, all of which may be direct viral effects rather than secondary effects of immune suppression (Report of the Workgroup on Clinical Manifestations and Pathogenesis, 1989).
Evaluation of dry corn ethanol bio-refinery concepts for the production of sustainable aviation fuel

Abstract A typical Dry Grind Corn Ethanol Mill (DGCEM) with a capacity of 230 ML of ethanol per year is used as the baseline for the evaluation of biorefinery concepts for sustainable aviation fuels (SFAs). The main goal is to identify SAF cost reduction opportunities as well as environmental benefits by integrating with existing DGCEM infrastructure. Five SAF production technologies are studied: Virent's BioForming (VB), Alcohol to Jet (ATJ), Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon (DSHC), Fast Pyrolysis (FP) and Gasification & Fischer-Tropsch (GFT). We built SAF unit cases with capital cost equal to the studied DGCEM ($115 M). Larger SAF units are unlikely to synergize well with existing DGCEMs. Twelve co-location and repurposing scenarios are evaluated where SAF technologies utilize intermediate products, auxiliary facilities, or unit operations from DGCEM. For each of the scenarios, the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are estimated. Our aim is to identify which SAF technologies can be most efficiently integrated with a corn ethanol mill. Eleven scenarios result in lowered MFSPs in the range of 3–67% reduction, from their corresponding greenfield design cases. The highest reduction is observed when ATJ is produced in a repurposed facility. In the case of GHG we were able to identify one scenario with lower GHG emissions compared with greenfield units. SAF in thirteen scenarios have GHG emission ranging from 13 to 93% of fossil fuel. One of the repurposed scenarios of ATJ is the concept with the best overall performance parameter.
Thick Origami Based Foldable Patch Antenna Array

This paper presents a thick origami based foldable patch antenna array with a packing efficiency of 50%. The array is designed on low-cost FR4 substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mm and an overall dimension of 180 mm × 96 mm. The peak gain at broadside is approximately 6.3 dB. The array is capable to reconfigure to a compressed form factor making it suitable for efficient packing and deployment applications.
Supporting Mixed-domain Mixed-precision Matrix Multiplication within the BLIS Framework

We approach the problem of implementing mixed-datatype support within the general matrix multiplication (gemm) operation of the BLAS-like Library Instantiation Software framework, whereby each matrix operand A, B, and C may be stored as single- or double-precision real or complex values. Another factor of complexity, whereby the matrix product and accumulation are allowed to take place in a precision different from the storage precisions of either A or B, is also discussed. We first break the problem into orthogonal dimensions, considering the mixing of domains separately from mixing precisions. Support for all combinations of matrix operands stored in either the real or complex domain is mapped out by enumerating the cases and describing an implementation approach for each. Supporting all combinations of storage and computation precisions is handled by typecasting the matrices at key stages of the computation—during packing and/or accumulation, as needed. Several optional optimizations are also documented. Performance results gathered on a 56-core Marvell ThunderX2 and a 52-core Intel Xeon Platinum demonstrate that high performance is mostly preserved, with modest slowdowns incurred from unavoidable typecast instructions. The mixed-datatype implementation confirms that combinatorial intractability is avoided, with the framework relying on only two assembly microkernels to implement 128 datatype combinations.
The Role of Model Testing in Standards Development: The Case of ISO-Space

In this paper, we describe the methodology being used to develop certain aspects of ISO-Space, an annotation language for encoding spatial and spatiotemporal information as expressed in natural language text. After reviewing the requirements of a specification for capturing such knowledge from linguistic descriptions, we describe how ISO-Space has developed to meet the needs of the specification. ISO-Space is an emerging resource that is being developed in the context of an iterative effort to test the specification model with annotation, a methodology called MAMA (Model-Annotate-Model-Annotate) (Pustejovsky and Stubbs, 2012). We describe the genres of text that are being used in a pilot annotation study, in order to both refine and enrich the specification language by way of crowd sourcing simple annotation tasks with Amazon's Mechanical Turk Service.
Who Counts as an American?: The Setting of National Group Boundaries

On February 9, 1950, Joseph McCarthy, the junior senator from Wisconsin, gave a speech to a Republican women's club in Wheeling, West Virginia. McCarthy used the speech to unveil a list of 205 individuals he alleged were communists working in the U.S. government. The major theme of the speech, though, was that the United States, a Christian nation, was under attack from godless communists: Today we are engaged in a final, all-out battle between communistic atheism and Christianity. The modern champions of communism have selected this as the time, and ladies and gentlemen, the chips are down – they are truly down. … Can there be anyone who fails to realize that … this is the time for the show-down between the democratic Christian world and the communistic atheistic world? (McCarthy 1950). The battle was a moral one between good Christian Americans and godless communist traitors who had been “born with silver spoons in their mouths” right in America. It was McCarthy's moral duty to cleanse the United States of these atheistic traitors. McCarthy's short but potent career hunting down supposed communists in the United States government is revealing. He was a highly controversial figure during his time largely because his lists of supposed communist sympathizers were rarely backed up with any evidence, but most people agreed with his basic message if not his tactics: Communists were bad and, more important for the purposes of this research, America was a Christian nation.
Electron and positron states in amorphous Ni0.4Pd0.4P0.2

We performed local density calculations of the electronic and positron states for a 300-atom model of bulk amorphous Ni0.4Pd0.4P0.2. The procedure for constructing the model and the resulting distribution of bond angles and free volume are described. Comparisons are made to experiment and to models of amorphous Ni0.8P0.2.
A Study of Intra-Metropolitan Spatial Diversification

This study investigates the possibility of intra- metropolitan geographic diversification. Four metropolitan areas, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, and Dallas are selected for the study. The vacancy rates of both office and industrial space in all submarkets of the four metropolitan areas are used as proxy for asset performance. An ANOVA technique is employed to test the homogeneity of asset performance and identify the homogeneous groups of submarkets within each metropolitan area. The correlation coefficients of these homogeneous groups are then calculated to see whether low or negative correlations of asset performance exist among these groups. The results indicate that the asset performances within metropolitan areas are highly heterogeneous, and low or negative correlations exist among most submarkets or groups of submarkets. The findings imply that (1) portfolio risk can be reduced by diversification across submarkets within metropolitan areas, and (2) viewing metropolitan areas as homogeneous real estate markets may result in misdirected investment strategy and the location impact imposed by submarkets should be recognized and properly analyzed.
Theories of Aging and Social Work Practice with Sensitivity to Diversity: Are There Useful Theories?

Aging experiences are multidimensional, and social workers need to know theoretical perspectives on aging which are useful in understanding the diversity of experiences of individuals in later adulthood. This article describes and discusses four theoretical perspectives on aging which are not usually presented in Human Behavior and the Social Environment textbooks but which contribute to understanding of diversity in later adulthood: Atchley's continuity theory; Fisher's age-independent periods; Stoller and Gibson's perspectives on gender, race and ethnicity, class, and the life course; and Friend's theory of successful aging of gay men and lesbian women.
The Effects of Practice and Orienting Activities on Learning from Interactive Video.

The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of orienting activities and levels of practice on learning from interactive video. Participants were 72 college students. Each participant was randomly assigned to an orienting activity group and to one of three practice groups: No Practice, Limited Practice, or Elaborate Practice. The lesson, which focused on characteristics of various artists and art periods, included practice for one half of the facts and applications cued initially via the orienting activity. The posttest included both new and repeated items for both facts and applications taught during the lesson. Results indicated significant main effect differences related to item familiarity and practice. In addition, interactions were detected between type of learning and practice, and item familiarity and practice.
The Northwest Caucasus: Past, present, future

Introduction 1. Origins 2. Culture 3. Struggles for Independence, 1300-1760 4. The Caucasus War 5. Incorporation into Imperial Russia 6. The Soviet Period 7. The Rise of Nationalism 8. The Northwest Caucasus in the Twenty-First Century. Conclusions: Possible Futures