cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microtubule guidance tested through controlled cell geometry

In moving cells dynamic microtubules (MTs) target and disassemble substrate adhesion sites (focal adhesions; FAs) in a process that enables the cell to detach from the substrate and propel itself forward. The short-range interactions between FAs and MT plus ends have been observed in several experimental systems, but the spatial overlap of these structures within the cell has precluded analysis of the putative long-range mechanisms by which MTs growing through the cell body reach FAs in the periphery of the cell. In the work described here cell geometry was controlled to remove the spatial overlap of cellular structures thus allowing for unambiguous observation of MT guidance. Specifically, micropatterning of living cells was combined with high-resolution in-cell imaging and gene product depletion by means of RNA interference to study the long-range MT guidance in quantitative detail. Cells were confined on adhesive triangular microislands that determined cell shape and ensured that FAs localized exclusively at the vertices of the triangular cells. It is shown that initial MT nucleation at the centrosome is random in direction, while the alignment of MT trajectories with the targets (i.e. FAs at vertices) increases with an increasing distance from the centrosome, indicating that MT growth is a non-random, guided process. The guided MT growth is dependent on the presence of FAs at the vertices. The depletion of either myosin IIA or myosin IIB results in depletion of F-actin bundles and spatially unguided MT growth. Taken together our findings provide quantitative evidence of a role for long-range MT guidance in MT targeting of FAs.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans: An experimental validation of the DSM-III diagnostic criteria

The DSM-III criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were derived clinically and have been substantiated in the literature only by self-report data while evaluation of these same criteria with more objective measures has been overlooked. This study provided a laboratory-based evaluation of the DSM-III criterion symptoms of PTSD with six symptoms of the disorder which were operationalized as cognitive, behavioral and psychophysiological measures. The responses of 16 Vietnam combat veterans who met the criteria for a PTSD diagnosis were compared to those of 16 well-adjusted combat veterans without PTSD. Dependent measures were obtained twice, following exposure to first control and then combat auditory stimuli. Results showed that five of the six measures were effective in differentiating the two combat veteran groups. These findings provided experimental support and construct validity for five DSM-III criteria of PTSD. The implications of these findings for the DSM-III-R PTSD diagnostic criteria are discussed.
The effect of two schedules of primary and conditioned reinforcement.

Of 23 pigeons, 11 received continuous reinforcement for key pecking, and 12 received an FR 10 schedule of reinforcement. The birds were then tested without food, but with potential conditioned reinforcers presented either on the same schedule as in training, on the other schedule, or not at all. Each bird in the subgroup trained on CRF and tested with Sr's at FR 10 not only gave more responses in testing than did each bird in both subgroups receiving no Sr's, but also gave more responses than did each bird in the Sr subgroup receiving CRF training and Sr's at CRF. Cumulative records are presented to show the effects of different schedules of conditioned reinforcers.
Craniofacial configuration and postcranial development of a hydrocephalic child (ca. 2500 B.C.-500 A.D.): with a review of cases and comment on diagnostic criteria.

Hydrocephalus is a severe disorder of the central nervous system characterized by absorption blockage of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). The archaeological record of the condition ranges in time from 10,000 B.C. to 1670 A.D. and consists of 30 possible cases worldwide. A review of this material reveals that diagnostic criteria which fully delineate the condition have not been established. Previously, no attempt has been made to differentiate the two major categories of hydrocephalus and their subgroupings, or to identify other conditions which might result in similar morphologies. A partial child's skeleton from the Middle Period (ca. 2500 B.C. to 500 A.D.) of Central California Prehistory is described in light of an extensive clinical literature. Examination of this individual reveals a unique craniofacial configuration and malformed postcrania. Bony criteria for a differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus are established and applied to this individual. Based on these criteria, the individual is diagnosed as having a chronic form of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Blockage of the CSF pathway most likely occurred in the aqueduct of Sylvius with a partial occlusion of the foramen of Monro or a frontal cyst. In addition, femoral development is suggestive of partial paralysis.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats treated with the CYP2E1 inducer pyrazole.

Elevated LPS and elevated cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in liver are two major independent risk factors in alcoholic liver disease. We investigated possible synergistic effects of the two risk fact...
Identification and characterization of cryptic polyadenylation sites in the 3' region of a pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene.

ABSTRACT The polyadenylation signal of a pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene has been studied using in vitro mutagenesis and Ti plasmid-mediated transforma...
Potential of mean force calculation for the proton and hydride transfer reactions catalyzed by medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase: effect of mutations on enzyme catalysis.

Potential of mean force calculations have been performed on the wild-type medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) and two of its mutant forms. Initial simulation and analysis of the active site of the enzyme reveal that an arginine residue (Arg256), conserved in the substrate-binding domain of this group of enzymes, exists in two alternate conformations, only one of which makes the enzyme active. This active conformation was used in subsequent computations of the enzymatic reactions. It is known that the catalytic α,β-dehydrogenation of fatty acyl-CoAs consists of two C−H bond dissociation processes: a proton abstraction and a hydride transfer. Energy profiles of the two reaction steps in the wild-type MCAD demonstrate that the reaction proceeds by a stepwise mechanism with a transient species. The activation barriers of the two steps differ by only ∼2 kcal/mol, indicating that both may contribute to the rate-limiting process. Thus this may be a stepwise dissociation mechanism whose relative barriers ...
61.4: Anthanthrene Derivatives for Stable Blue‐Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Devices

Anthanthrene derivatives have been synthesized as a new class of organic light emitting diode (OLED) blue emitters with a wide range of emission. The photo physical properties of the new emitter are reported. The EL device containing these new emitter produced EL efficiency of 3.0cd/A with CIE coordinates of 0.13 and 0.25. The luminance half life is more than 3500 hours with an initial luminance around 600 cd/m2.
Legionella pneumophila LbtU Acts as a Novel, TonB-Independent Receptor for the Legiobactin Siderophore

Gram-negative Legionella pneumophila produces a siderophore (legiobactin) that promotes lung infection. We previously determined that lbtA and lbtB are required for the synthesis and secretion of legiobactin. DNA sequence and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses now reveal the presence of an iron-repressed gene (lbtU) directly upstream of the lbtAB-containing operon. In silico analysis predicted that LbtU is an outer membrane protein consisting of a 16-stranded transmembrane β-barrel, multiple extracellular domains, and short periplasmic tails. Immunoblot analysis of cell fractions confirmed an outer membrane location for LbtU. Although replicating normally in standard media, lbtU mutants, like lbtA mutants, were impaired for growth on iron-depleted agar media. While producing typical levels of legiobactin, lbtU mutants were unable to use supplied legiobactin to stimulate growth on iron-depleted media and displayed an inability to take up iron. Complemented lbtU mutants behaved as the wild type did. The lbtU mutants were also impaired for infection in a legiobactin-dependent manner. Together, these data indicate that LbtU is involved in the uptake of legiobactin and, based upon its location, is most likely the Legionella siderophore receptor. The sequence and predicted two-dimensional (2D) and 3D structures of LbtU were distinct from those of all known siderophore receptors, which generally contain a 22-stranded β-barrel and an extended N terminus that binds TonB in order to transduce energy from the inner membrane. This observation coupled with the fact that L. pneumophila does not encode TonB suggests that LbtU is a new type of receptor that participates in a form of iron uptake that is mechanistically distinct from the existing paradigm.
Iridescence: views from many angles

Iridescent colours have been fascinating to humans throughout history; they are flashy, shimmering, dynamic, and examples surround us, from the commonly seen iridescent sheen of oily street puddles to the exotic, gaudy displays of birds-of-paradise featured in nature documentaries. Iridescent colours and the structures that produce them have unique properties in comparison with other types of colourants found in nature. Scientists from a variety of disciplines study the optics, development, heritability, chemical make-up, origin, evolution, functions and biomimetic technological applications of naturally occurring iridescent colours. For the first time, graduate students at Arizona State University brought together these scientists, along with educators and artists, at ‘Iridescence: more than meets the eye’, a conference to promote interdisciplinary communication and collaboration in the study of iridescent coloration from all of these perspectives. Here, we summarize the outcomes of this conference, introduce the papers that follow in this special journal issue and briefly review the current status of our understanding of iridescence.
Towards bringing database management task in the realm of IT non-experts

Internet enabled services have led to an increase in the size and complexity of the database making the database administration task very complex. This necessitates the hiring of skilled personnel for the management of data, which is a bane for industries, especially in developing countries. We at IBM India research Lab, have been developing technologies (i.e. database administration tools), wherein the database administrator, who may be inexperienced person, can define error-free policies for managing and maintaining the distributed information repositories, and can define data access privileges to users at fine as well as at coarse-grained level using natural language like constructs. These policies represent the actions that need to be carried out when specific database/temporal events occur within the system or externally and are notified to the system. In this paper, we discuss the architecture of our policy based database administration and access control system and outline some of the technical challenges in this area.
Abstract 9439: Incidence of New Coronary Calcification: What is the Warranty Period of CAC = 0 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis?

Background: While CAC=0 is associated with excellent prognosis, progression to CAC>0 has been shown to confer increased risk. The time interval at which a repeat CAC scan would be reasonable - the “warranty period” of CAC=0 - is currently poorly defined. Methods: We studied 3116 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with baseline CAC=0 and at least 1 follow-up CAC scan per MESA protocol (up to 10 years after baseline). Cumulative incidence of incident CAC was calculated yearly. Cumulative survival fee of CAC was calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics and additionally modeled using a parametric survival model with Weibull distribution. The warranty period of CAC=0 was defined distribution as the time needed for 15%, 20%, or 25% (number needed to scan [NNS] 6, 5, or 4) to progress to detectable CAC. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58 ± 9 years with 63% women and mean FRS of 8 ± 6%. Cumulative prevalence of CAC>0 increased with time, from 11% at 2 years to nearly 50% at 10 years. The cumulative incidence rate of CAC>0 was non-linear, increasing from approximately 2.5 per 100 person-years at 2 years to 5-6 per 100 person-years from years 4 to 10. The table shows the estimated warranty period of CAC=0 by gender and baseline FRS CHD risk. Among men, using an acceptable detection rate of 25% (NNS=4 to detect CAC>0), the estimated warranty period of a low, intermediate, and high risk man was 6, 5, and 3 years. For women, the equivalent warranty period was 7, 5, and 4 years. In general, rescanning at 5 years will enable selection of 50% of the individuals with baseline CAC=0 who will go on to have CHD events following their repeat scan over 10-year follow-up. Conclusions: Although limited by lack of yearly CAC scanning, modeling in MESA allows estimation of the warranty period of CAC=0. A general rule would be to rescan low risk CAC=0 patients at 6-7 years and intermediate risk at 4-5 years, although exact warranty periods vary by gender and desired yield of repeat testing.
Centers and Institutes for the "Resource-Challenged" Catholic University.

Founded in 2001, the Center for Religion and Public Discourse at Saint Xavier University, Chicago, illustrates how centers and institutes can express Catholic identity and serve the university community and society by providing opportunities for thoughtful and civil discourse. Although the Center does not currently support basic research or fund fellows or scholars in residence, all other activities and accomplishments of the Center differ only in scale from those of larger well-endowed institutes and centers. This article describes activities of the Center that even tuition-driven Catholic colleges and universities can adopt to express and enhance their Catholic identity and academic mission, thus making the Catholic intellectual tradition and Catholic social teaching accessible, understandable, and meaningful.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks

Despite improvements over the last decade and better understanding of acute postoperative pain pathophysiology, there remains a continuous demonstration that perioperative pain management needs to be more optimized. Therefore, regional anesthesia (RA) techniques, especially peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) procedures, have gained widespread popularity as part of a multimodal approach to perioperative pain management. Perioperative use of RA and analgesia may attenuate adverse perioperative pathophysiology from inadequately treated pain and improve patient outcomes (Table 22.1). In addition, PNB has been identified with many distinct advantages over general anesthesia and central neuraxial anesthesia. Relevant indications, contraindications, possible complications, and suggestions for PNB utilized in the perioperative setting are summarized in Tables 22.2, 22.3, and 22.4. This chapter will describe the following PNBs.
Improvement and evaluation of a low-cost laser diode photoacoustic microscopy system for ovarian tissue imaging

We present a laser diode-based photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) system with a minimized light intensity loss for ovarian tissue imaging. A 905 nm, 650 W output peak power pulsed laser diode (PLD) is utilized as the light source. The intrinsic properties and the construction of this PLD typically make it challenging to focus its beam to a small spot size with a lowloss optical system. An optical system comprising a combination of aspheric and cylindrical lenses is presented that allows a low-loss collimation and tight focusing of the light beam. The lateral resolution of this PAM system is measured to be 40 μm using edge spread function estimation. Images of black human hairs, polyethylene tubes filled with rat blood, ex vivo mouse ear and ex vivo porcine ovary are presented.
QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN ESTIMATES OF EXTREME WIND TURBINE LOADS

Previous papers have presented a methodology for obtaining estimates of fatigue and extreme load distributions. These methods acknowledge the natural randomness of the three constituent variables—conditional short-term load, wind speed, and turbulence—by fitting or assigning probability models to these variables. These methods, however, assumed that all the parameters of the probability models were known, i.e., the parameter values were deterministic. In this paper we consider examining some of the sources of uncertainty in the analysis. In particular we consider how to include these sources of uncertainty and how these uncertainties influence estimates of extreme loads.
Synthesis and Properties of Heavy Chalcogen Analogues of the Texas Reds and Related Rhodamines.

Analogues of Texas red incorporating the heavy chalcogens S, Se, and Te atoms in the xanthylium core were prepared from the addition of aryl Grignard reagents to appropriate chalcogenoxanthone precursors. The xanthones were prepared via directed metalation of amide precursors, addition of dichalcogenide electrophiles, and electrophilic cyclization of the resulting chalcogenides with phosphorus oxychloride and triethylamine. The Texas red analogues incorporate two fused julolidine rings containing the rhodamine nitrogen atoms. Analogues containing two “half-julolidine” groups (a trimethyltetrahydroquinoline) and one julolidine and one “half-julolidine” were also prepared. The photophysics of the Texas red analogues were examined. The S-analogues were highly fluorescent, the Se-analogues generated single oxygen (1O2) efficiently upon irradiation, and the Te-analogues were easily oxidized to rhodamines with the telluroxide oxidation state. The tellurorhodamine telluroxides absorb at wavelengths ≥690 nm and e...
The Ant Larvae of the Myrmicine Tribe Leptothoracini

This is a large tribe of 150 species, two-thirds of which are in Leptothorax, the sixth largest genus of ants. Macromischa tallies about 25 species, but none of the other genera can muster as many as a dozen. In fact, seven consist of only a single species and six of these seven have been recorded only once. Wheeler[2][1] included 13 genera in this tribe: Macromischa, Macromischoid.es, Leptothorax, Harpagoxenus, Myrmoxenus, Formicoxenus, Epimyrma, Symmyrmica, Rogeria, Theryella, Lachnomyrmex, Apsychomyrmex and Adelomyrmex. Two have been added since: Chakpoxenus Menozzi 1923 and Myrmetaerus Soudek 1925. [1]: #fn-2
History and Evolution of Earth’s Climate

Climates of the past can be inferred from instrumental records, historical documents, and from natural recording systems such as ice cores and sediments. The solar system formed about 5 billion years ago. Climate has been much warmer and much colder than the present climate during the past. It has been frozen at the equator and temperate at the poles. During the past couple of million years, great ice sheets have come and gone from the land areas of the Northern Hemisphere with regular rhythms. Growth and decay of ice sheets are related to changes in the ocean circulation and interactions between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The climate has been fairly steady for the past 8000 years, but for the past century or so the Earth has been warming, and particularly rapidly since 1980.
Co-incorporation of circumferential grooves and stepped tip gap to improve the stable working range of axial compressors

After the accountability of the computational model is verified,computational simulations of circumferential groove casing, stepped tip gap casing and the casing combined by the two configurations are performed on one axial-flow compressor of Northwest Polytechnic University. It shows that, when put at the forward part of the flow passage, the circumferential grooves can affect the location of Tip Leakage Vortex, while when put at the end of the passage, they nearly have no function to the flow field. The stepped tip gap, in contrast, can improve the stable working range of the compressor, when put at the end part of the passage by making use of the steamwise pressure gradient. A combined casing with the circumferential grooves at the forward part, and the stepped tip gap at the end part may achieve recognizable improvement on compressor stable working range, with relatively low loss.
Identification of muscarinic binding sites in human neutrophils by direct binding.

Using techniques developed for the study of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in brain homogenate, direct binding to whole live neutrophils has been shown for the potent muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl-benzilate. The specific binding is saturable, proportional to cell concentration, and can be displaced by atropine, oxotremorine, and piocarpine. The Kd for this system is approximately 8 nM. This whole-cell binding correlates with previously reported effects of cholinergic agents on neutrophil guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate levels, chemotaxis, and lysosomal enzyme release. Quinuclidinyl-benzilate is shown here to function as a muscarinic antagonist in neutrophils by blocking the carbachol stimulated lysosomal enzyme release in vitro from live cells. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Ms. Nannette A. Schwartzman from Dr. Peter Henson’s laboratory for invaluable discussion of lysosomal enzyme release techniques.
Ramifications of including non-equilibrium effects for HCO in flame chemistry

Abstract The formation and destruction pathways of the formyl radical (HCO) occupy a pivotal role in the conversion of fuel molecules (and their intermediates) to eventual products CO and CO2, and therefore, HCO has been a prescient indicator for heat release in combustion. In this work, we have characterized the impact of including non-equilibrium effects for HCO, i.e. “prompt” dissociation of HCO to H + CO, in simulations of laminar flame speeds for archetypal hydrocarbon and oxygenated molecules relevant to combustion. Prompt dissociation probabilities for HCO were systematically applied to all elementary reactions that included this radical (as either a product or reactant) in literature combustion kinetics models. Simulations with the prompt HCO dissociation corrected models predicted a 7–13% increase in laminar flame speeds at 1 atm for the fuels characterized here (CH4, n-C7H16, CH3OH, CH3OCH3) relative to the predictions using the original models. It is evident that simulations of other fuel-air flames at 1 atm will be similarly impacted, suggesting the indispensability of incorporating these non-equilibrium effects for predictive flame modeling. Simulations of higher pressure (10 atm) heptane-air flames predicted a more modest effect ( O2 Ar mixtures were also impacted to a noticeable extent. Lastly, it is also worth noting that prompt dissociations are a ubiquitous feature of all weakly-bound radicals; the kinetics of many of which (C2H3, C2H5, CH3O, CH2OH, etc.) are central to our current understanding of combustion chemistry. Theory/modeling studies are in progress to address the relevance of prompt dissociations in these weakly-bound radicals to combustion modeling.
The University of Arizona Archaeological Field School at Grasshopper: Eleven Years of Multidisciplinary Research and Teaching

ABSTRACTThe University of Arizona Archaeological Field School has completed 54 years of student training and archaeological research. The past 11 season's work has been at the Grasshopper Ruin, a 14th century pueblo in east central Arizona. The teaching program emphasizes student participation in an ongoing, multidisciplinary research program. Excavations thus far have uncovered 78 habitation, storage, or ceremonial rooms and a rectangular Great Kiva. Well over 15,000 artifacts and approximately 250,000 potsherds have been analyzed, and 573 human burials have been excavated. A descriptive summary of the expanding scope of the research and teaching over the past 11 years is presented.
Nudged Elastic Band Simulations of Kink Pairs in Tungsten

Atomistic techniques have been used to calculate energy barriers for dislocation motion that control the strength (yield stress and flow stress) of the material. In particular, the calculations focus on the change in enthalpy as a straight dislocation moves through the crystal lattice (the Peierls barrier) and kink pair formation enthalpy that controls the thermally activated double-kink mechanism important at low to moderate stresses. A novel means of assessing kink widths within atomistic simulations is introduced.
Surgical management of movement disorders

Movement disorders are usually treated by neurologists, and appropriately so. The first-line management of all conditions that are grouped together as movement disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, essential tremor) is with medication and, in some, with rehabilitative strategies, such as occupational therapy, physiotherapy and even psychotherapy. In general, if these strategies fail or have undesirable consequences, surgery would become an option. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin is also very useful in the focal dystonias, such as writer’s cramp, and in the occupation-specific dystonias, such as musician’s dystonia or hairdresser’s dystonia. The limiting factor is the total safe dosage allowed. One cannot inject every muscle involved in all four limbs in a patient with generalised dystonia. This has led to surgery being offered as therapy in certain cases where there have previously not been any alternatives. Surgery does not offer curative procedures for movement disorders, but long-term control with medication is possible, often with significant reduction or complete cessation of symptoms.
Variability Improvement of Key Inaccurate Node Groups – VIKING

Expansion processes have been used for modal correction studies for some time now. In general, the expansion process was believed to be most accurate when there was fairly good correlation between the analytical and experimental mode for which expansion was to be performed to smooth and complete the experimental data using the analytical model. In essence this is similar to any least squares error minimization approach that is used to expand and complete data. If the correlation was not reasonably good then the expansion process would be tainted by the lack of adequate correlation. However, some recent work suggests that using many shape expansion functions simultaneously may have some merit as an expansion process. Using many shapes simultaneously is a very good alternate approach and overcomes the requirement of having well correlated modes for the expansion process. As such, a new approach for expansion called the Variability Improvement of Key Inaccurate Node Groups (VIKING) has been developed and used for the expansion and smoothing of measured data for system modeling studies as well as an assortment of different structural dynamic studies. The intent of this paper is to illustrate the VIKING technique’s dependence on the set of analytical modes used in the expansion process. The U12 matrix from the Structural Dynamic Modification methodology is utilized to identify the analytical vectors needed for proper formulation of the VIKING matrices. Several analytical cases are presented to clearly identify the number of modes and which modes can be predicted to cause the success of the VIKING technique.
Architecture for Tactical C 3 Systems Management

The United States Army is currently developing many tactical Command, Control, and Communications (C) systems for use in the Echelons Above Corps (EAC), Corps, and the Division areas. The inherent complexity of the new battlefield communications systems demands the ability to process large amounts of information necessary to plan, deploy, and control these systems. This paper analyzes these information processing needs and proposes a common software aschitecture for the management of tactical C3 systems.
Wind Stress Analysis Simplified

One of the most difficult problems that the structural engineer must solve is the analysis of stresses in a continuous frame in which joint displacements occur. In many cases, since the loading is ...
ECG Diagnosis: Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPWS) is defined as the presence of an accessory pathway (AP) and has a predisposition to the development of supraventricular tachydysrhythmias. Conduction over an AP circumvents conduction delay occurring within the atrioventricular node (AVN), which leads to early eccentric activation of the ventricles and fusion complexes.1 If WPWS with atrial fibrillation (AF) is treated by drugs that prolong the AVN refractory period (eg, calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, digoxin, adenosine), the rate of conduction through the AP may increase and degenerate to ventricular fibrillation (VF).2 Unstable patients with WPWS and AF should receive immediate electrical cardioversion.3 Stable patients can be chemically cardioverted with IV procainamide. Amiodarone should be used with caution due to its ability to cause ventricular rate acceleration and degeneration into VF.3 Ibutilide is considered an alternative agent, although it has numerous side effects.1 Cardiology or electro-physiology consultation with consideration for radiofrequency mapping and ablation should occur for patients presenting with AF in the setting of WPWS. Figure 1 12-lead ECG in a man, age 33 years, with palpitations, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath Figure 2 12-lead ECG from same patient two days earlier
Prevalence and General Offending/Use Patterns: The Joint Occurrence of Delinquent Behavior and ADM Problems

The focus in this chapter is on the joint occurrence of delinquent behavior, alcohol and illicit drug use, and mental health problems. In this analysis we employ the delinquent and alcohol, drug, and mental health (ADM) problem typologies described earlier in Chapter 1. As in Chapter 2, the data presented in the figures and tables are for the years 1976, 1980, and 1983 and whenever these years’ data do not fairly reflect the patterns of prevalence and general offending rates for all six of the study years, this observation will be noted. Data are first presented for the delinquency, drug use, and mental health problem types considered separately, then for the combined problem types.
Spontaneous Near-Remission of Hyperparathyroidism after Parathyroid Crisis

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe an unusual case of primary hyperparathyroidism due to a benign cystic parathyroid adenoma involving parathyroid crisis, profoundly elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, and near-remission prior to surgery. Methods: We describe the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of an elderly female with parathyroid crisis due to a benign cystic parathyroid adenoma. Issues related to management of parathyroid crisis, parathyroid cancer, and atypical parathyroid lesions are highlighted. Previously reported cases of spontaneous remission of hyperparathyroidism are briefly reviewed. Results: Our patient was admitted with altered mental status, palpable neck mass, serum calcium level of 22.5 mg/dL, and parathyroid hormone level of 3,131 pg/mL. After immediate stabilization maneuvers, evaluation and treatment proceeded under a presumptive diagnosis of parathyroid cancer. Prior to surgery, parathyroid hormone level had spontaneously reduced by 20-fold. Resection of the pa...
Soft Tissue Disorders of the Ankle

Musculoskeletal pathology of the ankle can involve many different structures, including bone, cartilage, ligament, tendon, and neurovascular structures. Soft tissue disorders of the ankle are very common. This chapter focuses on four of the most frequently injured soft tissue structures of the ankle: the Achilles tendon, peroneal tendons, posterior tibial tendon, and ankle ligaments. Many of the problems associated with these structures can be effectively managed nonsurgically. If nonsurgical treatments are unsuccessful, then operative intervention is at times appropriate.
Arts Equity: A Praxis-Oriented Tale

This article advances a multidimensional arts equity theory. It goes beyond simple equity narratives to address material, symbolic, and experiential dimensions of art education as social justice. In her expanded conceptualization of arts equity, the author identifies six guiding principles: distribution, access, participation, effects, recognition, and transformation. Inspired by critical race methodology, the theoretical discussion centers on a familiar teaching tale. This reflexive experiment with form aims to humanize arts equity theory while bringing meaning to the everyday ethical quandaries and sociopolitical ambiguities that all art educators face.
Telomere uncapping and vascular aging

Although most telomere biology research continues to focus on telomere shortening, there is increasing evidence that telomere deprotection, or "uncapping," is more biologically and possibly clinically important. Telomeres form t-loops to prevent the chromosome ends from appearing as a double-stranded DNA break and initiating a DNA damage response. Breakdown of the t-loop structure, referred to as uncapping, can lead to cellular senescence, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation in tissues. In this review, we describe how telomere uncapping potentially leads to age-related vascular dysfunction and increased cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Importantly, we present evidence to argue that telomere uncapping is more biologically relevant than telomere shortening and a better marker of vascular aging and target for antiaging interventions.
Transform-Data-by-Example (TDE): Extensible Data Transformation in Excel

Business analysts and data scientists today increasingly need to clean, standardize and transform diverse data sets, such as name, address, date time, phone number, etc., before they can perform analysis. These ad-hoc transformation problems are typically solved by one-off scripts, which is both difficult and time-consuming. Our observation is that these domain-specific transformation problems have long been solved by developers with code libraries, which are often shared in places like GitHub. We thus develop an extensible data transformation system called Transform-Data-by-Example (TDE) that can leverage rich transformation logic in source code, DLLs, web services and mapping tables, so that end-users only need to provide a few (typically 3) input/output examples, and TDE can synthesize desired programs using relevant transformation logic from these sources. The beta version of TDE was released in Office Store for Excel.
Tax smoothing with immigration in an overlapping generations economy

ABSTRACTImmigration policy in an overlapping generations economy is politically determined in response to government spending shocks, where the government finances its spending with proportional income taxes and is subject to a balanced budget. The young cohort is always the majority and dictates policy. The equilibrium Markovian strategy allows immigrants when the spending shock is above some threshold and this implies a particular form of tax smoothing.
Computer Simulation of Complete IC Fabrication Process

This article summarizes the current state-of-the-art in complete process modeling. Important aspects of both technology modeling and computer simulation which make it possible to numerically simulate multiple diffused species -- arsenic-boron and phosphorus-boron -- as well as redistribution effects associated with moving boundaries in oxidation and epitaxy will be discussed.
Temporal Bone Paraganglioma

Temporal bone paragangliomas (TBPs) are slow-growing, highly vascular primary neoplasms of the middle ear and lateral skull base that are composed of paraganglion cells derived from the neural crest. Paraganglioma can be found throughout the body, though in the temporal bone, two forms predominate: tympanic paraganglioma (TP) that originate in the middle ear cleft along the tympanic plexus associated with Jacobson’s (IX) and Arnold’s (X) nerves and jugular paraganglioma (JP) derived from chief cells located in the adventitia of the jugular bulb (Moore et al, Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg: Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 54(4):597–605, 2016; Carlson et al, Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg: Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 152(1):98–105, 2015; Wanna et al, Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg: Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 151(6):991–995, 2014; Langerman et al, Arch Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg 138(4):341–345, 2012; Jackson et al, Arch Otolaryngol;108(7):401–410, 1982). Most TBP are solitary, non-biochemically secreting and benign, while less than 5% are associated with catecholamine release or malignant character; up to 17% of patients display multiple paragangliomas (Jackson et al, Am J Surg 59(4):389–393, 1990). TBP exhibit a female predominance and most commonly manifest during the fourth to fifth decades of life with symptoms of unilateral pulsatile tinnitus, conductive hearing loss, and less commonly lower cranial neuropathy. Owing to the rare prevalence and typical insidious growth, many patients endorse a long duration of symptoms at diagnosis (Moore et al, Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg: Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 54(4):597–605, 2016; Carlson et al, Otolaryngol – Head Neck Surg: Off J Am Acad Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 152(1):98–105, 2015).
Predicting elastic anisotropy of dual-phase steels based on crystal mechanics and microstructure

Abstract This work utilizes mean-field self-consistent and full-field fast Fourier transform-based homogenizations to study the effective elastic behavior of several steels: three dual-phase (DP), DP 590, DP 980, and DP 1180, and one martensitic (MS), MS 1700. Crystallographic textures and phase fractions of these steels are characterized using electron microscopy along with electron-backscattered diffraction to initialize the models. A comprehensive set of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio data, measured at the ambient temperature as a function of orientation with respect to the rolling direction for each steel sheet, is used to calibrate and validate the models. The calibration of the models enabled us to estimate the single crystal elastic constants for both the martensitic phase and ferrite, while calculating the orientation dependent effective properties. Half of the data was used in the calibration. Subsequent predictions of the orientation dependent effective elastic properties for the remaining data verified that the estimated single crystal properties are reliable. As the steels exhibit a different level of anisotropy in their effective behavior, good predictions allowed us to discuss the role of texture, grain structure, phase fraction and distribution on the effective properties. The results of this work represent a significant incentive to introduce elastic anisotropy in numerical tools for simulating metal forming processes of dual-phase steels, in particular those processes involving springback, using the texture informed crystal mechanics-based models to more accurately estimate the effective elastic properties required by such simulations.
Learning and the Rise in Consumer Debt and Bankruptcy

Between 1984 and 1998 the unsecured debt-to-income ratio of U.S. households increased from 4.9% to 9.1%, while consumer bankruptcies rose from 2.0 to 8.3 filings per 1,000 adults. This paper offers an explanation for these facts based on the premise that this period, commonly referred to as the Great Moderation, exhibited decreased economic volatility. In particular, we construct a model of optimal default in which both households and creditors learn about economic fundamentals in the presence of aggregate uncertainty. We prove that an increase in the debt-to-income ratio of households in our model is the natural result of realizing a sequence of aggregate shocks similar to those experienced during the Great Moderation. A calibrated version of our model is able to account for 58% of the rise in the unsecured consumer debt-to-income ratio and 64% of the increase in the bankruptcy filing rate during this period. In addition, we demonstrate that close alternatives to our model which abstract from learning are unable to explain the data.
Linking signaling and selection in the germinal center.

Germinal centers (GC) are sites of rapid B-cell proliferation in response to certain types of immunization. They arise in about 1 week and can persist for several months. In GCs, B cells differentiate in a unique way and begin to undergo somatic mutation of the Ig V regions at a high rate. GC B cells (GCBC) thus undergo clonal diversification that can affect the affinity of the newly mutant B-cell receptor (BCR) for its driving antigen. Through processes that are still poorly understood, GCBC with higher affinity are selectively expanded while those with mutations that inactivate the BCR are lost. In addition, at various times during the extended GC reaction, some GCBC undergo differentiation into either long-lived memory B cells (MBC) or plasma cells. The cellular and molecular signals that govern these fate decisions are not well-understood, but are an active area of research in multiple laboratories. In this review, we cover both the history of this field and focus on recent work that has helped to elucidate the signals and molecules, such as key transcription factors, that coordinate both positive selection as well as differentiation of GCBC.
Follicular B2 Cell Activation and Class Switch Recombination Depend on Autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 Signaling in B2 Cells.

The involvement of complement in B2 cell responses has been regarded as occurring strictly via complement components in plasma. In this study, we show that Ab production and class switch recombination (CSR) depend on autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) signaling in B2 cells. CD40 upregulation, IL-6 production, growth in response to BAFF or APRIL, and AID/Bcl-6 expression, as well as follicular CD4+ cell CD21 production, all depended on this signal transduction. OVA immunization of C3ar1-/-C5ar1-/- mice elicited IgM Ab but no other isotypes, whereas decay accelerating factor (Daf1)-/- mice elicited more robust Ab production and CSR than wild-type (WT) mice. Comparable differences occurred in OVA-immunized μMT recipients of WT, C3ar1-/-C5ar1-/- , and Daf1-/- B2 cells and in hen egg lysozyme-immunized μMT recipients of MD4 B2 cells on each genetic background. B2 cells produced factor I and C3 and autophosphorylated CD19. Immunized C3-/-C5-/- recipients of WT MD4 bone marrow efficiently produced Ab. Thus, B2 cell-produced complement participates in B2 cell activation.
Pituitary Region Tumors

There are numerous lesions which can present in the region of the pituitary gland in children. This chapter will focus on primary lesions of the pituitary gland including pituitary adenomas, Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCC), and pars intermedia cysts. (Craniopharyngioma is covered in another chapter and pituitary carcinoma is extraordinarily rare in children.) Hormonally active adenomas can have effects far greater than might be expected from their size alone, while the developmental Rathke’s and pars intermedia cysts often can be managed expectantly.
Plancherel measures for coverings of p-adic SL2(F)

In these notes, we compute the Plancherel measures associated with genuine principal series representations of n-fold covers of p-adic SL2. Along the way, we also compute a higher dimensional metaplectic analog of Shahidi local coefficients. Our method involves new functional equations utilizing the Tate γ-factor and a metaplectic counterpart. As an application, we prove an irreducibility theorem.
Laser management of hypertrophic burn scars: a comprehensive review

Hypertrophic scars often develop following burn-related injuries. These scars can be cosmetically unappealing, but associated symptoms of pruritus, pain and restricted range of motion can impair a person's quality of life. Laser and light therapies offer a minimally invasive, low-risk approach to treatment, with a short postoperative recovery period. As laser technology developed, studies have shown decreased scar thickness, neuropathic pain and need for surgical excision, as well as improved scar pigmentation, erythema, pliability, texture, height and pruritus. In this review, we present the evolution of laser therapy for hypertrophic burn scars, how different types of lasers work, indications, perioperative considerations and guidelines for practice management.
Real-Time Multi-Channel Acoustic Beamforming Using a Lightweight Microcontroller Processor

In this paper, we share our unique data acquisition system that is built around an open-source ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller system on a chip, the Teensy 3.6 for underwater acoustic beamforming applications implementation on autonomous vehicles. The paper demonstrates that our embedded software architecture running on this powerful open-source platform provides ample computational capabilities to carry out many advanced calculations in real-time, and share our current progress in acoustic signal processing applications, especially around real-time bearing estimation using an MDAS. The goal is to provide a low-power, extremely lightweight, flexible data acquisition system for sensor integration on extended endurance autonomous vehicles with constrained size, weight, and power budgets. Ultimately, this signal processing approach will enable autonomous vehicles and platforms to use complex multi-channel sensory information for autonomous situational awareness.
A Simple Design of IRS-NOMA Transmission

This letter proposes a simple design of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) downlink transmission. In particular, conventional spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is used first at the base station to generate orthogonal beams by using the spatial directions of the near users’ channels. Then, IRS-assisted NOMA is used to ensure that additional cell-edge users can also be served on these beams by aligning the cell-edge users’ effective channel vectors with the predetermined spatial directions. Both analytical and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed IRS-NOMA scheme and also study the impact of hardware impairments on IRS-NOMA.
Identifying pan-cancer transcriptomic determinants of perineural and lymphovascular invasion using machine learning.

3621Background: Tumor invasion of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics are a primary means of local recurrence and escape from the local microenvironment, resulting in metastases and poor clinical...
Recursive Least Squares with Matrix Forgetting

This paper considers an extension of recursive least squares (RLS), where the cost function is modified to include a matrix forgetting factor. Minimization of the modified cost function provides a framework for combined variable-rate and variable-direction (RLS-VRDF) forgetting. This extension of RLS simultaneously addresses two key issues in standard RLS, namely, the need for variable-rate forgetting due to changing plant parameters as well as the need for variable-direction covariance updating due to the loss of persistency. The performance of RSL-VRDF is illustrated by an example with abrupt parameter changes and loss of persistency.