cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-particle gel transport performance through unconsolidated sandstone and its blocking to water flow during conformance control treatments

Abstract High-permeability streaks, fractures, conduits, and fracture-like features can expedite an undesirable water channeling and early water breakthrough during water flooding. Micro-preformed particle gel (PPG) is one of the commercial gels invented exclusively to plug such features to reduce excess water production and increase oil production. This paper reports the results of laboratory experiments that studied the PPG’s injection and placement mechanism through unconsolidated sandstone cores. Extensive experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the sand permeability, PPG size, concentration, and water salinity on the PPG injection process, passing criteria, and plugging efficiency to water flow. A two foot sand pack model with four pressure taps was designed to monitor PPG transport and plugging performance. The results showed that the PPG propagated deep into the unconsolidated sandstone. Fully swollen gel particles had better injectivity than partially swollen particles with a larger diameter size; particle strength was more dominant in influencing particle movement than was particle size. The injection pressure increased as the PPG concentration, water salinity, and gel particle size increased. High gel particle injection pressure was measured in the front part of the unconsolidated sandstone as a result of gel particle retention. The retention was controllable by selecting proper gel particle strength, concentration, and size. PPG transport through unconsolidated sand exhibited four patterns of injection processes: low gel particle retention and pass; high gel particle retention and pass; high gel particle retention, breaking, and pass; and gel particle accumulation and plug. The micro-gel particle’s blocking efficiency to water flow increased as the PPG strength, size, and concentration increased. The PPG placement mechanism, such as washout, was also found to considerably affect the water injection flow processes. The results of this laboratory experiment will aid in the selection of future conformance control candidates and also optimize the particle gel treatment design for large-scale field projects.
Turning disability into ability: barriers and facilitators to initiating and maintaining exercise among older men living with HIV.

Physical activity reduces the risk for comorbidities, but little is known about barriers to exercise among older adults living with HIV. Three focus groups were conducted among 19 adults living wit...
Are We Asking the Right Questions? Understanding Which Tasks Lead to the Robust Learning of the English Article System

Motivated by both classroom needs and learning science questions, we developed two computer-based systems to help students learn the English article system (a, an, the, null). The first system, a menu-based task, mimics cloze activities found in many ESL textbooks. The second, a controlled-editing task, gives students practice with both detecting errors and producing the correct response. Results from a think-aloud study show significant performance differences between the two tasks. Students find the controlled-editing task more challenging but appear more motivated and engaged when using the system. Current studies plan to address whether this added difficulty produces greater learning gains on robust learning measures such as transfer to writing production and long-term retention.
Subcellular Sites of Polyphosphoinositide Metabolism in Rat Liver

Although the polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), have often been proposed as important components of biological membranes, the subcellular distribution of PIP, PIP2, and the enzymes involved in their metabolism have not been fully characterized. We have therefore prepared various subcellular organelles from rat liver and determined their PI kinase and PIP kinase activities. Polyphosphoinositide-degrading enzymes have also been assayed using [32P] PI P and [32P]PIP2 as substrates. Plasma membranes exhibit the highest specific activity for PIP kinase, but PI kinase appears to be fairly evenly distributed throughout the cell. The plasma membrane expressed the highest hydrolytic activity toward PIP2 while similar rates of PIP hydrolysis were observed in all the fractions analyzed. Rates of incorporation of 32P into PIP and PIP2 in subcellular organelles were also determined after fractionation of isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with 32Pi. [32P]PIP2 synthesis is confined almost exclusively to the plasma membrane, while [32P]PIP is found in other subcellular fractions as well. These studies suggest that the primary site of PIP2 metabolism is at the plasma membrane, and that PIP is metabolized throughout the cell.
Approval Criteria for Multivariate Measurement Systems

﻿[This abstract is based on the author’s abstract.] Standard measurement-system analysis criteria assume a measuring device measures a single product characteristic to determine functionality. In automotive-body manufacturing, however, data are taken f..
Human milk and HIV infection: epidemiologic and laboratory data.

This review summarizes available case reports epidemiological series and laboratory studies on the extent of transmission of HIV to infants by breast feeding. There have been 8 case reports of infants who became infected with HIV after birth whose mothers seroconverted postpartum by contaminated blood transfusions artificial insemination iv drug use or sexual contact in Australia France Rwanda and Zaire. Only a minority of the breast fed children of these women seroconverted to HIV positive. It is possible that the likelihood of transmission is higher when the mother is viremia soon after contracting HIV. There are 2 small prospective studies one of 641 Zambian women of whom 16 became HIV positive within 1 year postpartum. 2 of 8 of their breast fed children (25%) seroconverted before 24 months of age. In another series of 212 women from Rwanda 16 women seroconverted and 9 infants became HIV positive of whom only 4 were probably infected from breast milk. Laboratory evidence for transmission of HIV includes isolation of HIV from 5 milk samples in 1985 1 report of HIV in colostrum in 1986 and 1 report of HIV documented in milk by electron microscopy in 1988. A study of breast milk using the polymerase chain reaction method showed 71% of breast milk specimens from HIV-positive women contained HIV DNA. The 5 published reports of analysis of breast milk from HIV+ women for HIV antibodies found that 33% 50% 92% 100% and 100% respectively of the milk specimens had anti-HIV antibodies. Whether these antibodies are capable of blocking transmission of HIV to infants is unknown. Research on the potential for human milk and its anti-HIV antibodies to inactivate HIV virus is needed as is information on the natural history of HIV infection in breast feeding mothers and their infants. It is also unknown if the nutritional and immunological quality of the milk of an HIV-infected woman is impaired.
Development and optimization of a Critical Care Alert and Display (CCAD) system using retrospective ICU databases.

The goal of this research project is to design and optimize a novel critical care alert and display (CCAD) system to assist decision support in the ICU using a massive temporal ICU patient research database [1]. The CCAD system will generate and display abnormal clinical values (Alerts) to the clinician through a user interface designed to allow for the efficient display of data.
Wirkungen gastrointestinaler Hormone auf Motilität und Resorption des Magen-Darmtraktes

Die Zahl der als gastrointestinale Hormone bezeichneten Verbindungen hat sich in den letzten Jahren von 3 auf 6 verdoppelt. Es liegen nun eine Reihe von Untersuchungen vor, welche zeigen, das diese Hormone uber ihre bereits bekannten primaren Effekte hinaus noch weitere Wirkungen auf die Organe des Magen-Darmtraktes ausuben. Hier gilt es zu prufen, ob am Versuchstier gewonnene Ergebnisse auf den Menschen zutreffen, und ob es sich — je nach der angewandten Hormondosis — um eine physiologische, eine pathophysiologische oder nur eine pharmakologische Wirkung handelt. Es steht heute schon fest, das vor allem die Motilitat des Magen-Darmtraktes hormonellen Einflussen unterworfen ist — eine Behauptung, welche noch vor 5 Jahren auf unglaubige Ohren gefallen ware.
Inhibition of Patulin Production with the Insecticide Naled.

Patulin is a wide spectrum biocide produced by several species of Aspergillus , Penicillium and Byssochlamys , and is a potentially important mycotoxin that may be ingested by man. The effect of the insecticide naled on fungal growth and patulin production was evaluated using three concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg/l, ppm) and several application times both before inoculation and during growth of the fungus. If added before inoculation, naled at 100 mg/l completely inhibited mycelial growth of Penicillium urticae for 15 days and patulin production for 30 days. When the concentration was decreased to 10 mg/l, and the insecticide added at the time of inoculation, patulin production was inhibited by 59%. If 100 mg of naled/1 was added between 3 and 6 days after fungal growth was visible, patulin production was inhibited by more than 50%. If the insecticide was added at this same concentration to cultures older than 6 days, patulin production was inhibited by 25-35%. Production of patulin in apples was inhibited by 76% and tissue damage inhibited by 43% when 100 mg of naled/1 was applied to apples before their inoculation and storage at 25 C. Naled was highly effective in inhibiting patulin production and showed long-term activity. However, naled completely inhibited patulin production only when applied before growth of the fungus.
Upgrade/Downgrade: Efficient and Secure Legacy Electronic System Replacement

Maintaining legacy systems, especially in military and aeronautic applications, can pose a significant challenge when system components become obsolete. Obtaining these components through brokers can easily introduce counterfeit devices and otherwise compromise the reliability and security of the system. This article presents a framework for reverse engineering a legacy system and determining how modern devices may be used to replace the system or individual components. —–Jennifer Dworak, Southern Methodist University
Examining the predictability of the successive MJO events of November 2011 using coupled 30-day NAVGEM and COAMPS simulations

AbstractGiven the prohibitive expense of running a global coupled high-resolution model for multiweek forecasts, we explore the feasibility of running a limited-area model forced by a global model ...
I Am What You Eat: Effects of Social Influence on Meal Selection Online

The availability of mHealth technologies has increased exponentially, particularly fitness and calorie tracking applications. Recent studies and anecdotal evidence has highlighted the potential of these technologies to serve as tools of bad eating behavior due to its focus on self-monitoring and calorie counting. The current research investigates on the potential of using social-orienting features of technology, specifically bandwagon and identity cues, to incentivize food-based nutrition (FBN) rather than a calorie-only approach. For this purpose, a 2 x 2 mixed factorial online experiment was conducted with bandwagon cue as a within-subject factor and identity cue as a between-subject factor. Results reveal that 67.6% of participants selected high bandwagon cue meals, regardless of its nutritional value. Bandwagon perception was the only significant predictor of meal selection, indicating that an increase in one unit improved the odds of an individual choosing a high bandwagon meal by 69%.
Neuropsychiatric Complications of Infectious Outbreaks

Illnesses that reach pandemic proportions have, so far, shown limited CNS involvement resulting in neuropsychiatric manifestations and complications. Neuropsychiatric manifestations can significantly adversely affect the ability of individuals and entire communities to participate in meaningful public health measures or to even provide basic self-care. To complicate matters further, neurological and psychiatric complications can arise from the use of various antimicrobial agents. Finally, neurological and cognitive problems may persist for a considerable time or permanently after surviving a serious infection, as is the case with Ebola post-viral syndrome.
Relationship between Trauma History and Eating Disorders in Adolescents

Reasons for developing an eating disorder (ED) are complex, yet one plausible risk factor gaining more relevance in adolescents with EDs is childhood trauma. The current study is the first to examine the presence of childhood trauma in relation to ED symptomatology in adolescents using DSM-5 criteria. It was hypothesized that patients with more traumatic experiences also have more severe ED symptoms. 112 therapists currently treating adolescent patients diagnosed with an ED completed an online survey consisting of a DSM-5 ED symptom checklist and a childhood trauma questionnaire on a current adolescent patient whom they have seen for at least eight sessions. Children with multiple traumatic experiences and the severity of those experiences demonstrated a relationship to overall ED (r = .179, p = .059) and bulimia symptoms (r = .183, p = .054), specifically binging (r = .188, p = .047). and purging (r = .217, p = .021). In addition, logistic regression analyses indicated that adolescents high on bulimia nervosa (B = 4.694, p = .044) were more likely to have been traumatized victims of violence. Exploratory analyses support prior literature that suggest similarities between adolescents’ lack of control of the experienced trauma(s) with lack of control of ED symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of exploring trauma history when treating an adolescent with an ED, especially bulimia.
Radiology Case 3

A common pitfall is understanding the differences between portal venous gas and pneumobilia. Understanding these diagnostic clues is necessary as they indicate different and serious pathologies. The goal of this section is to educate the reader on these differences to aid in prompt recognition and diagnosis.
”Warum noch länger die demütige Magd, die ihrem Herrn die Füße wäscht?“: Mathilde Franziska Anneke’s Feminist Manifest Das Weib im Conflict mit den socialen Verhältnissen (1847)

Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884) was one of few women who have shaped German immigrant life in America during the second half of the 19th century. The Forty-Eighter, writer, and educator founded the first German-language Frauenzeitung in the U.S., and her network of correspondents included Susan B. Anthony. The article sheds light on Mathilde Anneke as a “new woman” who broke with traditional norms of gender and sexuality. She divorced her first and abusive husband at the age of 20, raising her daughter alone before marrying Fritz Anneke with whom she had more children. This paper focuses on Mathilde's feminist essay Das Weib im Conflict mit den socialen Verhaltnissen (1847). This text is a testament to her ideals and values, most of all her life-long fight for women’s rights. In this manifest, Mathilde envisions the “new woman” who would break out of the cage of male supremacy and demand equal rights. While Mathilde Anneke did not live to see the suffragist movement succeed, she made significant contributions to the early feminist movement, and she did so through her writing.
Transplant conditioning revisited

Treatment of acute leukemia has evolved rapidly over the past 10 years. Moreover, the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in such treatments has been changing. With the refinement of molecular-targeted therapy and other new modalities, HSCT is no longer the only curative option for leukemia. Nowadays, HSCT is being incorporated into the comprehensive scheme of leukemia treatment and is being compared to other treatment options. This was made possible through the effort to decrease nonrelapse mortality associated with HSCT to levels comparable with those of other modalities. In this review, we will particularly focus on transplantation in patients with aggressive leukemia and graft failure and discuss the role of conditioning regimens for HSCT in the new era of targeted therapy.
Closure and nonclosure properties of the classes of compressible and rankable sets

Abstract The rankable and the compressible sets have been studied for more than a quarter of a century. We ask whether these classes are closed under the most important boolean and other operations. We study this question for both polynomial-time and recursion-theoretic compression and ranking, and for almost every case arrive at a Closed, a Not-Closed, or a Closed-Iff-Well-Known-Complexity-Classes-Collapse result. Although compression and ranking classes are capturing something quite natural about the structure of sets, it turns out that these classes are quite fragile with respect to closure properties, and many fail to possess even the most basic of closure properties. For example, we show that with respect to the join (aka disjoint union) operation: the P-rankable sets are not closed, whether the semistrongly P-rankable sets are closed is closely linked to whether P = UP ∩ coUP , and the strongly P-rankable sets are closed.
The effect of specialization and level of competition on injury in elite male ice hockey players.

Objective: Young players experience pressure to focus on ice hockey at the exclusion of other sports in order to improve chances of success. Early specialization in other sports has been associated with increased injury without the benefit of improved success. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether earlier specialization results in increased injury without higher rates of career success. This study also aimed to compare rates of injury in athletes at various levels of competition.Methods: An original survey was issued to men's ice hockey players at the juniorA, collegiate, and professional levels. The survey consisted of 34 questions on various demographic, specialization, and injury variables. All participants were >18 years of age.Results: The survey was completed by 101 athletes. The mean age at specialization was 13 (±4) overall and 14 (±3), 13 (±4), and 11(±4) for professional, collegiate, and junior players, respectively. There was no difference in age at specialization between each group and professional players did not specialize earlier than the remainder of the cohort as a whole (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between age at specialization and total injuries (p > 0.05). There was no difference in concussions causing missed play time between groups (p > 0.05) but professional players had more overall concussions and underwent more surgeries due to hockey-related injuries (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Specializing exclusively in ice hockey earlier in life was not associated with playing professionally. Both collegiate and professional players do not tend to specialize prior to age 12. Age at specialization was not associated with overall number of injuries. Professional players with longer careers appear to sustain more concussions and undergo more surgery.
Valproic Acid in the Management of Delirium.

Context:Antipsychotics and benzodiazepines do not improve delirium. Valproic acid (VPA) has been used recently to treat agitation in delirium.Objectives:To review the evidence for VPA in the manage...
Management of neurophysiological monitoring changes during carotid endarterectomy exposure.

Abstract Background Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a safe and effective operation in the management of carotid stenosis. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) changes during carotid clamping has been well studied, but there is scant evidence detailing IONM changes during carotid exposure. Objective We analyzed our experience with IONM changes during CEA exposure to determine whether multimodal IONM changes during exposure predict outcomes and how best to manage this challenging clinical scenario. Methods We reviewed all CEAs performed at our medical center between January 2015 and June 2020 and identified patients with multimodal IONM changes during exposure of the carotid artery. Our primary outcomes were perioperative stroke and functional outcomes. Functional outcomes were measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS), with good functional outcome defined at mRS scores 0-3. We also reviewed our intraoperative IONM change management strategies. Results Five patients (4 males, 1 female) with an average age of 67 ± 12 years had intraoperative IONM changes during carotid exposure. Among these, three patients were discharged with good functional outcome, and four patients had a good functional outcome at last follow-up. Two patients had perioperative stroke, half of which resulted in significant disability. One patient was transferred to the neuroendovascular suite intraoperatively for evaluation for thromboembolism followed by angioplasty and stenting with distal protection. Conclusion Intraoperative IONM changes during carotid exposure predict outcomes in CEA. We propose that transition to the neuroendovascular suite following significant IONM changes during carotid exposure may be a useful strategy for management of this challenging clinical scenario. This approach provides the opportunity to evaluate and treat thromboembolism and still complete carotid revascularization when appropriate. This algorithm may be particularly useful in the era of dual trained vascular neurosurgeons.
MEDICAL ETHICS AS REFLECTIVE PRACTICE

In an effort to regain its moral bearings, medicine is asking: What values should guide healing? What are the virtues of healers? A variety of voices reply. Some say that the profession should look within and reappropriate its own honorable traditions of professional demeanor. Others propose a reanimation of the priestly mode of practice, shorn of the more debilitating elements of paternalism. But the most vocal and insistent reply has come from a bioethics that proffers a methodological remedy for medicine’s moral malaise, a way of reasoning about moral quandaries that applies rules derived from principles to conduct. Bioethics in the “applied” mode has become scholastic, focussed on finetuning decisional dimensions of clinical practice. The great pressing issues that prompted the emergence of the field over two decades ago are no less urgent now than they were then. We continue to deliberate and debate about how best to take care of each other in sickness and in dying. Bioethics has contributed appreciably to these discussions, but a repetitiveness has set in, due in part to the prevailing procedural methodology and contractual mind-set of contemporary bioethics. Thanks in large measure to Alasdair MacIntyre’s tour de force more than a decade ago in reintroducing the language of virtue and the concept of practice into discussions of contemporary moral philosophy and theology, bioethics has not been monotonously procedural and contractual. Any book on bioethics that aspires to comprehensiveness now contains a chapter on “virtue ethics,” along
Locating Moving Image Materials for Multimedia Development: A Reference Strategy

Summary With the growing interest in multimedia development and use, both by students and faculty members, the need to locate moving image materials to illustrate these projects will grow as well. This article outlines the resources, both print and electronic, and strategies the reference librarian can use to assist the client in locating the desired materials, in libraries, stock footage libraries, or archives. The implications of incorporating copyrighted material into a multimedia project designed for non-commercial, educational use are also discussed.
Statutory Lien Priorities

Secured credit attorneys often ignore competing interests of statutory lien claimants when planning and documenting financial transactions. One of the primary reasons for the lack of attention is that statutory lien claimants are difficult to identify and investigate. Statutory liens can arise under a myriad of statutes, and if a debtor has assets in several states and counties, finding the liens can be cumbersome and expensive. Moreover, because the laws that establish these liens are often scattered throughout the statute books, and are far from uniform in their scope and procedural mandates, learning the law in this area is difficult. This paper, while not a comprehensive review of statutory liens in every state, provides an overview that can assist a secured creditor’s legal counsel in developing a strategy for managing the problem.
Ion beam transport and focusing experiments

The CASTOR accelerator has been fitted with an applied B r extractor diode for use in ion beam transport and focusing experiments. The beam, composed mainly of protons, is accelerated to 300–400 keV. Beam propagation in vacuum is observed to be consistent with divergences of 50 mrad HWHM in the radial direction and 125 mrad HWHM in the azimuthal direction and is observed to be constant through the beam pulse. Collective focusing of protons and electrons by a solenoidal lens is observed. The radial profile of the focus is as expected for the measured divergences. Improved focusing due to a two lens system that simultaneously compensates for radial divergence and beam energy spread [J. C. Olson and B. R. Kusse, J. Appi. Phys. 70(10)5719] has yet to be demonstrated. Long time scale conductivities of 0.5–1.0 × 1013 s−1 are measured in beam ionized nitrogen plasmas.
Positivism and Logical Positivism

Positivism claims that science is the best approach to understanding the world and/or to addressing social issues. It also emphasizes the role of observation over the development of explanatory theories. This entry discusses several approaches to positivism that have been influential in the philosophy of science, beginning with the theories of August Comte (1798–1857) and Ernst Mach (1838–1916). Contemporary philosophy of science has been particularly influenced by logical positivism, especially its views on the meaningfulness of and evidence for scientific statements, and its understanding of the unity of science. Keywords: logical empiricism; empiricism; evidence; positivism
Interview with Ramune K. Kubilius of Northwestern University

This interview with Ramune K. Kubilius of Northwestern University's Galter Health Sciences Library describes her background and experience working as a collection development/special projects librarian.
Somatic activation of the K-ras oncogene causes early onset lung cancer in mice

About 30% of human tumours carry ras gene mutations. Of the three genes in this family (composed of K-ras, N-ras and H-ras), K-ras is the most frequently mutated member in human tumours, including adenocarcinomas of the pancreas ( approximately 70-90% incidence), colon ( approximately 50%) and lung ( approximately 25-50%). To construct mouse tumour models involving K-ras, we used a new gene targeting procedure to create mouse strains carrying oncogenic alleles of K-ras that can be activated only on a spontaneous recombination event in the whole animal. Here we show that mice carrying these mutations were highly predisposed to a range of tumour types, predominantly early onset lung cancer. This model was further characterized by examining the effects of germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene p53, which is known to be mutated along with K-ras in human tumours. This approach has several advantages over traditional transgenic strategies, including that it more closely recapitulates spontaneous oncogene activation as seen in human cancers.
Effects of Chelates in Chemotherapy of Experimental Gas-Gangrene Toxemia

The relative ability of the calcium chelates of calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and calcium trisodium ethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) to protect mice against lethal doses of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was investigated. Their protective ability was assayed by the increase in survival time of mice which had been given large doses of toxin, and by determining the median protective dose of chelate that would protect mice against toxin at a minimum lethal dose of two. In both assay procedures, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intracutaneous injections of toxin were utilized, and with each toxin injection route the protective ability of the chelate was determined with the three routes of injection. DTPA was 10 to 20 times more effective than EDTA with both types of assay procedure and with all injection routes. DTPA may be superior to EDTA as a protective agent not only because it binds zinc to a greater extent, but also because of its greater retention in the body and its ability to gain entrance into cells. It appears that DTPA may be of value as a therapeutic agent in gas-gangrene.
The effects of salinity on swimming performance of two estuarine fishes, Fundulus heteroclitus and Fundulus majalis

Prolonged and high-speed swimming performance measurements were used to explore the swimming abilities of two species of estuarine fishes, the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus and the striped killifish Fundulus majalis, under different salinities. Critical swimming performance was significantly higher for F. majalis in high salinity than in low salinity, but no difference was observed in brief constant acceleration swimming trials in this species; however, the swimming performance of F. heteroclitus was not significantly affected by salinity changes, indicating that this species is well adapted to regular estuarine salinity oscillations. Fundulus majalis displayed higher swimming speeds than F. heteroclitus in both high and low salinities, and while this cannot be explained by their respective salinity preferences, the specific habitat preferences of F. majalis for sandy subtidal habitats and F. heteroclitus for vegetated marshes could explain the better swimming performance of F. majalis.
Who Determines How Nonprofits Confront Uncertainty

This study examines the impact of managers, board members, beneficiaries, donors, and government entities on nonprofit strategic decisions. Using data collected from GuideStar, the National Center for Charitable Statistics, and surveys, we provide evidence that strategic decisions of nonprofits are shaped by the ability of the aforementioned stakeholders to diversify their interests. Our findings offer nonprofits another means by which they can understand and therefore manage their strategic decisions. In addition, our framework suggests future applications of stakeholder theory conceive of stakeholder salience as a bidirectional phenomenon.
Possible Extirpation of Cambarus veteranus (Big Sandy Crayfish) from West Virginia

Abstract Historical collections and records show that Cambarus veteranus (Big Sandy Crayfish) occurred in 3 West Virginia counties (Logan, Mercer, and Wyoming). The last statewide survey (1988–1989) found C. veteranus only in the Bluestone and Guyandotte river drainages in West Virginia. Competitors for C. veteranus niche space include C. sciotensis (Teays River Crayfish) and other cambarids. Using natural history and previous distributional information, a directed survey was conducted searching 15 probable locations, all at elevations greater than 457 m on the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau province of WV These locations included moderately wide streams (>10 m) with permanent pools and having gravel or sand bottoms with large, flat, overlying rocks. Methods included one-hour timed searches using dip net or hand collection of the 15 sampling areas including historical record sites. At each site, water quality data were recorded, and a rapid bioassessment protocol (RBP) score was produced using several phys...
Tunable 3D droplet self-assembly for ultra-high-density digital micro-reactor arrays

We present a tunable three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled droplet packing method to achieve high-density micro-reactor arrays for greater imaging efficiency and higher-throughput chemical and biological assays. We demonstrate the capability of this platform's high-density imaging method by performing single molecule quantification using digital polymerase chain reaction, or digital PCR, in multiple self-assembled colloid-like crystal lattice configurations. By controlling chamber height to droplet diameter ratios we predictively control three-dimensional packing configurations with varying degrees of droplet overlap to increase droplet density and imaging sensor area coverage efficiency. Fluorescence imaging of the densely packed 3D reactor arrays, up to three layers high, demonstrates high throughput quantitative analysis of single-molecule reactions. Now a greater number of microreactors can be observed and studied in a single picture frame without the need for confocal imaging, slide scanners, or complicated image processing techniques. Compared to 2D designs, tunable 3D reactor arrays yield up to a threefold increase in density and use 100% of the sensor's imaging area to enable simultaneous imaging a larger number of reactions without sacrificing digital quantification performance. This novel approach provides an important advancement for ultra-high-density reactor arrays.
The inhibition of magnesium-activated mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase by calcium.

Abstract The inhibition by Ca2+ or Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.4) was studied using membranes from deoxycholate-disrupted rat-liver mitochondria as the source of enzyme. The Mg2+-activated ATPase is inhibited by 0.5 mM–6mM Ca2+ when ATP, ITP or GTP is used as the substrate. Depending on the conditions of the experiments, free Ca2+ ions inhibit the enzyme uncompetitively, i.e., both the apparent K m and ν max are decreased. Free Ca2+ ions also inhibit the enzyme competitively, probably with respect to free Mg2+ ions. CaATP also inhibits the enzyme. The inhibition appears to be due to competitive substrate inhibition with respect to MgATP. The inhibition by CaATP is not the more common type of non-competitive substrate inhibition which results in decreased enzymic activity at high substrate concentrations.
Pathophysiology of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in atherothrombosis: clinical aspects

Invasive and noninvasive arterial imaging are important techniques used to study atherosclerosis and, specifically, to evaluate the atherogenecity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Serial coronary angiography trials show significant benefit from lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) which serves to retard lesion progression. Even with aggressive LDL-C reduction, however, up to half of patients demonstrate continued progression of atherosclerosis. Angiographic studies reveal that lowering LDL-C has the most impact on severe lesions, those > or = 50% diameter stenosis, whereas TRL (and their apolipoprotein markers) have been identified as a driving factor behind progression of mild-to-moderate lesions < 50% diameter stenosis. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) has demonstrated that progression of mild-to-moderate lesions are among the most significant predictors of clinical coronary events, and that lowering TRL reduces progression of coronary artery disease to the same degree as the lowering of LDL-C.
Kinetic Study of the Conversion of Different Substrates to Lactic Acid Using Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Lactic acid fermentation includes several reactions in association with the microorganism growth. A kinetic study was performed of the conversion of multiple substrates to lactic acid using Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of different substrates (lactose, glucose, and galactose) on the overall bioreaction rate. During the first hours of fermentation, glucose and galactose accumulated in the medium and the rate of hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose was faster than the convesion of these substrates. Once the microorganism built the necessary enzymes for the substrate conversion to lactic acid, the conversion rate was higher for glucose than for galactose. The inoculum preparation was performed in such a way that healthy young cells were obtained. By using this inoculum, shorter fermentation times with very little lag phase were observed. The consumption patterns of the different substrates converted to lactic acid were studied to determine which substrate controls the overall reaction for lactic acid production. A mathematical model (unstructured Monod type) was developed to describe microorganism growth and lactic acid production. A good fit with a simple equation was obtained. It was found experimentally that the approximate ratio of cell to substrate was 1 to 10, the growth yield coefficient (Y(XS)) was 0.10 g cell/g substrate, the product yield (Y(PS)) was 0.90 g lactic acid/g substrate, and the alpha parameter in the Luedeking-Piret equation was 9. The Monod kinetic parameters were obtained. The saturation constant (K(S)) was 3.36 g/L, and the specific growth rate (microm ) was 1.14 l/h.
hnRNP C is required for postimplantation mouse development but Is dispensable for cell viability.

ABSTRACT The hnRNP C1 and C2 proteins are among the most abundant proteins in the nucleus, and as ubiquitous components of RNP complexes, they have been implicated in many aspects of mRNA biogenesis. In this report, we have characterized a null mutation induced in embryonic stem cells by insertion of the U3His gene trap retrovirus into the first intron of the hnRNP C1/C2 gene. cDNAs encoding murine hnRNP C1 and C2 were characterized, and the predicted protein sequences were found to be highly conserved among vertebrates. A human consensus sequence, generated from over 400 expressed sequence tags, suggests two revisions to the previously published human sequence. In addition, alternatively spliced transcripts, expressed only by the murine gene, encode four novel proteins: variants of C1 and C2 with either seven additional amino acids or one fewer amino acid in a region between the oligomerization and C-terminal acidic domains. The disrupted gene was transmitted into the germ line and is tightly linked to a recessive, embryonic lethal phenotype. Homozygous mutant embryos fail to develop beyond the egg cylinder stage and are resorbed by 10.5 days of gestation, a phenotype consistent with a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. However, hnRNP C1 and C2 are not required for cell viability. Embryonic stem cell lines established from homozygous mutant blastocysts did not express detectable levels of either protein yet were able to grow and differentiate in vitro, albeit more slowly than wild-type cells. These results indicate that the C1 and C2 hnRNPs are not required for any essential step in mRNA biogenesis; however, the proteins may influence the rate and/or fidelity of one or more steps.
Attitudes toward the equal rights amendment as a function of knowing what it says

The results of two studies are reported which focus on people's attitude toward, and misconceptions about, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Study 1 found that when people are given the actual text of ERA, but not told what it is, they display more positive attitudes toward it than people who respond to the term “ERA” without being informed of its actual text. Study 2 found that people hold fewer misconceptions about, and more positive attitudes toward, ERA when they are informed of its actual text than when they are not. Strategy for ratification of ERA is discussed, as is the distinction between pro-ERA and anti-ERA misconceptions.
On the origin and elimination of macroscopic defects in MBE films

Abstract Spitting of group III metal droplets from Knudsen type effusion cells has been found culpable for a genre of problematical macroscopic surface topographical defects observed in the growth of semiconductor films by molecular beam epitaxy. Successful precautions are described which virtually eliminate the problem.
Single crystal X-ray structure determinations of the reaction products of cis- and trans-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides and methylhydrazine

The structures of two of the three isomeric products of the reactions between cis- and trans-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides and methylhydrazine were determined by single-crystal X-ray methods to ascertain their tautomeric forms and stereochemistries. One product was found to be cis-N-methylamino-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboximide and the other trans-hexahydro-2-methylcyclohexa[d]pyridazine-1,2-dione.
Narrative slope as a predictor of work and other occupational participation.

This study aims to determine the utility of the narrative slope in predicting the vocational/productive outcomes of participants. For 65 participants living in supportive facilities for adults with HIV/AIDS in the United States, narrative slopes, based on the Occupational Performance History Interview II, were constructed and classified as progressive, stable, or regressive. Information regarding participants’ productive activities was collected at discharge from intervention programming, and at 3-month intervals, up to 9 months. Data were analyzed to examine the relationship between narrative slope and engagement in employment and other productive activity post-intervention. Demographic variables were also analyzed. None of the demographic factors significantly correlated to outcomes. It was found that a more positive narrative slope was predictive of a higher likelihood of being employed or engaged in other productive activity.
Effect of patient socioeconomic status on physician profiles for prevention, disease management, and diagnostic testing costs.

Background. Previous research shows patient socioeconomic status (SES) affects physician profiles for health status and satisfaction, but effects on other aspects of care are not known.Objective. To examine the effect of patient SES on physician profiles for preventive care, disease management, and
Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery and functional assessment of variation in the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 gene.

ObjectiveUDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7) plays a central role in the liver-mediated biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous compounds. The genetic basis of interindividual variability in UGT2B7 function is unknown. This study aimed to discover novel gene variants of functional signifi
VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SINGLE MOLECULE CHEMISTRY : ETHYLENE DEHYDROGENATION ON NI(110)

The dynamics and chemistry of individual ethylene molecules adsorbed on the Ni(110) surface at 13 K have been studied with a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). By applying a voltage pulse to a single ethylene molecule, the tunneling electrons cause the molecule to reversibly hop away from and back under the tip. The five ethylene isotopes hop at different rates. A larger voltage pulse (1.1−1.5 V) induces dehydrogenation, and a strong primary isotope effect is observed. By using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) with the STM, we identified the dehydrogenated products from the characteristic vibrational energies as acetylene. This identification is further supported with STM-IETS on single acetylene molecules adsorbed directly from the gas phase. Two different types of acetylene exist on the surface. They can be distinguished in the regular STM image, and they exhibit shifted vibrational peaks. Applying another voltage pulse (1.0 −4.8 V) further dehydrogenates acetylene...
A representation of convex semilinear sets

If F is an ordered field, a subset of n-space over F is said to be semilinear just in case it is a finite Boolean combination of translates of closed halfspaces, where a closed halfspace is the set of all points obeying a homogeneous weak linear inequality with coefficients from F. Andradas, Rubio, and Velez have shown that closed (open) convex semilinear sets are finite intersections of translates of closed (open) halfspaces (an open halfspace is defined as before, but with a strict inequality). This paper represents arbitrary convex semilinear sets in a manner analogous to that of Andradas, Rubio, and Velez.
Reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and increased Na+-Ca2+ exchanger expression in left ventricle myocardium of dogs with progression of heart failure.

Alteration of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in failing cardiomyocytes is associated with changes in regulatory proteins located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and sarcolemma, which participate in Ca2+ fluxes across the membrane during the cardiac cycle. These regulatory proteins include Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA 2A), phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channels (RR), and the sarcolemmal Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Although their status is known in failed myocardium, it is poorly understood during the progression of heart failure (HF), particularly in large animals. We studied the left ventricular (LV) myocardium of six dogs with moderate HF and six with severe HF produced by multiple intracoronary microembolizations, compared with six normal dogs (NL). Oxalate-dependent SR Ca2+ uptake and expression of SERCA 2A, PLB, phosphorylated PLB at serine 16 (PLB-Ser) and threonine 17 (PLB-Thr), RR, and NCX were determined. Percent LV ejection fraction declined by 47% compared with NL (34.1% ± 1% vs 64% ± 2%) in dogs with moderate HF (HF-2W) 2 weeks after the last embolization and by 42% (20.5% ± 1% vs 34.1% ± 1%) in dogs with severe HF (HF-4M) at 4 months compared with HF-2W. Left ventricular pressure during isovolumic contraction (+dP/dt, mmHg/s) and relaxation (−dP/dt, mmHg/s) was significantly reduced in severe compared with moderate HF. Oxalate-dependent SR Ca2+ uptake (nmol 45Ca2+ accumulated/min per milligram noncollagen protein) declined by 25% (21.3 ± 1 vs 28.5 ± 2) in HF-2W and 49% in HF-4M. Protein expression of SERCA 2A and PLB decreased by 67% and 35%, respectively, in HF-2W compared with NL, whereas SERCA 2A expression increased by 167% and PLB decreased by 40% in HF-4M compared with HF-2W. However, SERCA 2A protein was still significantly lower in HF-4M compared with NL. PLB-Ser and PLB-Thr increased significantly in HF-2W but decreased in HF-4M compared with NL. Similar changes in mRNA encoding PLB and SERCA 2A were observed in dogs with moderate and severe HF. The RR protein level declined in dogs with moderate and severe HF, whereas NCX protein did not change with moderate HF but increased with sever HF. These results suggest that the regulatory proteins responsible for Ca2+ uptake, Ca2+ release, and Na+–Ca2+ exchange are critically associated with the deterioration of LV function during the progression of HF.