cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recognition memory for infant faces: An analog of the other-race effect

College adults’ recognition memory for and perception of resemblance among pictures of infants were tested in three experiments. Subjects had more difficulty recognizing briefly seen pictures of infants than pictures of adults, although those reporting some experience with infants did better than inexperienced subjects. In a second experiment, subjects rated adult male pictures as resembling each other more than infant pictures, but in a third experiment, when pairs of infant pictures and pairs of adult pictures were directly compared, infant pairs were more often chosen as being more alike than adult pairs.
Why Americans fight: Justifications for asymmetric warfare

Popular justifications for war in the USA have long been based on normative values embodied in America's civil religion, including a sacred right of self-defense. Over time, these justificatory rationales have been adapted and expanded to generate public support for asymmetric wars. An early example of this – the First Seminole War – may help us understand subsequent transformations of the doctrine of self-defense in the light of America's later “superpower” status.
The effect of sieve agitators and dispersing agent on the method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving

Research in both swine and poultry continue to investigate the optimal particle size for growth and gut health. Although researchers have reported the methods used to determine the particle size of the grain in a study, most reports have not provided details of the actual procedure. Although the standard method suggested adding both agitators and dispersing agents to facilitate the flow of material through the sieves there has been limited research as to whether these modifiers significantly change the particle size value. Researchers, laboratories, and feed mills that analyse samples without sieve agitators or a dispersing agent could overestimate the particle size and underestimate the distribution of the particles of a sample. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding sieve agitators and dispersing agent to the ANSI/ASAE S319.3 FEB03 ‘Method of Determining and Expressing Fineness of Feed Materials by Sieving’. The first experiment evaluated the effect of sieve agitator use and dispersing agent use on the geometric mean diameter (dgw) and geometric standard deviation (Sgw) of hammermill and roller mill corn samples. Whole corn was ground to produce samples that were classified as either coarse, medium, or fine. The second experiment evaluated the effect of sieve agitators, a dispersing agent, and the combination of agitators with a dispersing agent on dgw and Sgw of hammermill ground corn, wheat, and sorghum. The results of Expt 1 indicated that a decreased (P < 0.01) dgw resulted when agitators were added to the hammermill ground samples while a further decrease (P < 0.01) was observed due to the addition of the dispersing agent. The largest decrease in dgw was observed due to the addition of the dispersing agent. The addition of agitators to the roller mill samples only decreased the dgw of the medium grind sample. The dispersing agent decreased (P < 0.01) the dgw of roller mill samples. The addition of a dispersing agent consistently decreased the dgw of all the ground corn samples as compared with the standard method without modifiers. The results of Expt 2 were consistent with those of Expt 1 in that the addition of the dispersing agent and agitators decreased dgw values and appeared to have an additive effect in both corn and sorghum samples. The addition of a dispersing agent facilitated the flow of product through the sieves. The wider distribution (Sgw) indicated that a greater percentage of material flowed to the smaller sieves. The results of the experiments clearly showed the benefit of adding sieve agitators and a dispersing agent to facilitate the flow of material through the sieves, so that a better estimate of the micron diameter and particle size distribution could be achieved.
Conjugate heat transfer from small isothermal heat sources embedded in a large substrate

Abstract This paper considers the problem of conjugate heat transfer from discrete heat sources mounted on one wall of a channel and exposed to fully-developed laminar flow. Appropriate dimensionless parameters are suggested by the governing energy conservation equations and boundary conditions, and finite-difference solutions are obtained for selected parameter ranges. Two cases are considered, that of a single heat source and that of two adjoining heat sources. Parametric calculations reveal the range of conditions for which conduction heat transfer from the source to the substrate comprises a significant fraction of the total heat transfer from the source.
FIRST- AND SECOND-YEAR EFFECTS OF ACECAP® IMPLANTS AGAINST CONE INSECTS OF BLACK SPRUCE

Acephate implanted in trunks of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., trees in the fall, 3 weeks before female bud flush, and at female bud flush reduced insect damage to cones and increased seed yields for 1 year. Second-year effects of the implants reduced insect damage to cones, but without increased seed yields. In the 2nd year, cones from trees treated at bud flush had the least insect damage and the highest residues of acephate and its toxic metabolite, methamidophos. Damage to treated cones by the spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia neanthracina Michelson, the dominant insect in untreated cones, was insignificant in the 1st year and was reduced in the 2nd year.
Motor Deficits That May Cause Reading Problems

It is well known that learning problems tend to be associated with motor deficits. However, no relationships between specific cortical deficits and learning have been described to indicate a possible cause and effect relationship. We now postulate that dysfunctions in those cortical sensorimotor areas of the brain that control internal speech may adversely affect the learning of reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic, especially in children who are first learning these skills. Correlations between arithmetic scores and copying geometrical designs are attributed to any underlying, unstable relationship between visual stimuli and their evoked brain wave responses in many cases. Other lerning skills may be affected in a similar manner. Finally, a case of poor arithmetic skills in a graduate student was found to be associated with poor interhemispheric communication via the commissures.
Update on Personal Digital Assistant Applications for the Healthcare Provider

OBJECTIVE:To review the common general drug information applications and specialty drug information applications available for personal digital assistants (PDAs).DATA SOURCES:The literature was accessed through MEDLINE (2003–June 2004). Other information was obtained through secondary sources, such as Web sites describing common PDA applications as well as actual product trials. The key search terms used were handheld, PDA, personal digital assistants, drug information, pharmacokinetics, medical information, and medical applications.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Articles or studies that provided a review of drug information references for the PDA since 2002 were included. Data pertaining to cost and application size were obtained from product or vendor Web sites.DATA SYNTHESIS:There are numerous medical applications available for the PDA including general drug information references, specialty drug information references (eg, pediatrics, cardiology, infectious diseases, oncology, psychology, herbals...
The computer and the reprint file

This month two more software packages designed to manage bibliographic reference databases are reviewed. DG Systems' REF-11 is designed specifically for reprint files but has some limitations and a very poor manual. Eagle's CITATION is an all purpose professional database, program designed for many applications with a very good manual but with some major limitations.
Development and reversal of fatigue in human tibialis anterior

The lack of easily measurable, objective physiologic indices of muscle fatigue in humans has hampered the evaluation of interventions that putatively inhibit muscle fatigue. In 6 healthy subjects, isometric fatigue of right and left tibialis anterior (TA) was produced using 180 s of intermittent electrical stimulation to the motor point (40 Hz, 650-ms or 250-ms trains, 1 train/s). The time course, magnitude, and reproducibility of fatigue and recovery from fatigue was established, and the effect of duty cycle measured. During fatigue, force fell rapidly in all subjects over the first 70 s, then fell more slowly. Recovery was also biphasic--force increased rapidly over the initial 30 s then slowly--and was incomplete at 300 s. Comparing duty cycles of 0.65 versus 0.25, the longer duty cycle caused a greater fall in force (-65% versus -29%; P < 0.001) and lower recovery (P < 0.02). In all subjects, left leg muscles fatigued more than right. We conclude that this noninvasive fatigue and recovery protocol is highly reproducible and that it may prove useful for evaluating the effects of pharmacologic or restorative interventions on human muscle fatigue.
Predictors of fecundability and conception waits among the Dogon of Mali

Surprisingly little is known about the mechanisms that underlie variation in female fertility in humans. Data on this topic are nonetheless vital to a number of pragmatic and theoretical enterprises, including population planning, infertility treatment and prevention, and evolutionary ecology. Here we study female fertility by focusing on one component of the interbirth interval: the waiting time to conception during menstrual cycling. Our study population is a Dogon village of 460 people in Mali, West Africa. This population is pronatalist and noncontracepting. In accordance with animist beliefs, the women spend five nights sleeping at a menstrual hut during menses. By censusing the women present at the menstrual huts in the study village on each of 736 consecutive nights, we were able to monitor women's conception waits prospectively. Hormonal profiles confirm the accuracy of the data on conception waits obtained from the menstrual hut census (Strassmann [1996], Behavioral Ecology 7:304-315). Using survival analysis, we identified significant predictors of the waiting time to conception: wife's age (years), husband's age ( 49 years), marital duration (years), gravidity (number of prior pregnancies), and breast-feeding status. Additional variables were not significant, including duration of postpartum amenorrhea, sex of the last child, nutritional status, economic status, polygyny, and marital status (fiancee vs. married). We fit both continuous and discrete time survival models, but the former appeared to be a better choice for these data.
Cosmic-ray tests of the DØ preshower detector

Abstract The DO preshower detector consists of scintillator strips with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers, and a readout using Visible Light Photon Counters. The response to minimum ionizing particles has been tested with cosmic-ray muons. We report results on the gain calibration and light-yield distributions. The spatial resolution is investigated taking into account the light sharing between strips, the effects of multiple scattering and various systematic uncertainties. The detection efficiency and noise contamination are also investigated.
Measuring capacity bandwidth of targeted path segments

Accurate measurement of network bandwidth is important for network management applications as well as flexible Internet applications and protocols which actively manage and dynamically adapt to changing utilization of network resources. Extensive work has focused on two approaches to measuring bandwidth: measuring it hop-by-hop, and measuring it end-to-end along a path. Unfortunately, best-practice techniques for the former are inefficient and techniques for the latter are only able to observe bottlenecks visible at end-to-end scope. In this paper, we develop end-to-end probing methods which can measure bottleneck capacity bandwidth along arbitrary, targeted subpaths of a path in the network, including subpaths shared by a set of flows. We evaluate our technique through ns simulations, then provide a comparative Internet performance evaluation against hop-by-hop and end-to-end techniques. We also describe a number of applications which we foresee as standing to benefit from solutions to this problem, ranging from network troubleshooting and capacity provisioning to optimizing the layout of application-level overlay networks, to optimized replica placement.
A synthetic control chart for the coefficient of variation

The coefficient of variation (CV) control chart has recently been introduced in the literature. Here, the salient features of this chart and the conforming run length chart are integrated to produce a synthetic coefficient of variation (SynCV) chart. The run length profile of the SynCV chart is numerically compared with the originally proposed chart and the upward EWMA-γ2 chart. The SynCV chart outperforms the original CV chart, while the EWMA-γ2 outperforms the SynCV chart for small increases in the CV. However, for large increases in the CV, the SynCV chart outperforms the EWMA-γ2 chart.
Prophesying the Present: Shelley's Critique of Malthus in A Defence of Poetry

This essay argues that Percy Shelley's A Defence of Poetry was intended in part as an attack on Thomas Malthus's political economy, not only on its calculating methodology but more specifically on its rhetoric of scarcity. Shelley appropriates that rhetoric to accentuate the irony that England's overabundance of “economical knowledge,” such as Malthusian policies designed to prevent food shortages, had exacerbated the post-war economic crisis, depressed wages, and left thousands starving despite agricultural excess. Shelley's rhetorical attack indicates that his antagonism towards Malthus stems not from a distrust of economic thinking altogether but from anxieties that the poetic force behind Malthus's apocalypse of overpopulation will supplant the moral vision of the future that he feels only poets can provide. Situating A Defence of Poetry within its historical milieu reveals how Shelley attempts to claim the power of moral forecasting for poets by emphasizing the limitations of political economists to ...
“You Kind of Have to Bite the Bullet and do Bitch Work”: How Internships Teach Students to Unthink Exploitation in Public Relations

Based on critical analysis of three focus groups with PR students at Penn State, we argue that describing PR internships as “bitch work” highlights key material and ideological lessons about labour, gender, and exploitation. Analysing interviews of PR interns through Marxist and feminist perspectives, we explain the dynamics of viewing PR internships as “bitch work.” We discuss how internships come to signify good luck in a lottery-like market while also instilling a love of work and the hope that “good work” will follow “bitch work.” Such lessons, furthermore, teach interns to unthink work , our phraseology for the ideological process of viewing internships as almost-but-not-quite labour. We conclude with a call to rethink internships as work, recognize the gendered exploitation of interns, and compensate interns for their real labour.
Persistent disturbance attenuation properties for networked control systems

In this paper, both the asymptotic stability and l/sup /spl infin// persistent disturbance attenuation issues are investigated for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) under bounded uncertain access delay and packet dropout effects. The basic idea is to formulate such NCSs as discrete-time switched systems with arbitrary switchings. Then the NCSs' stability and performance problems can be reduced to the corresponding problems of such switched systems. The asymptotic stability problem is considered first, and a necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the NCSs' asymptotic stability based on robust stability techniques. Secondly, the NCSs' l/sup /spl infin// persistent disturbance attenuation properties are studied, and an algorithm is proposed to calculate the l/sup /spl infin// induced gain of the NCSs. The decidability issue of the algorithm is also discussed.
The indirect effect of children's gender on early childhood educators' mathematical talk

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers might engage in mathematical talk differently with boys and girls within an early childhood classroom setting; therefore, possibly building and maintaining the stereotype of mathematics as a male domain. Utilizing a multi-model approach, results suggests minimal differences in the extent in which teachers in this study engaged in mathematical talk with girls and boys in class. However, any noted differences in mathematical talk and questions seem dependent upon the classroom contexts (i.e., whole-class, small group, and center time). Implications and future research will be discussed.
Solvable multistate model of Landau-Zener transitions in cavity QED

We consider the model of a single optical cavity mode interacting with two-level systems (spins) driven by a linearly time-dependent field. When this field passes through values at which spin energy level splittings become comparable to spin coupling to the optical mode, a cascade of Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions leads to co-flips of spins in exchange for photons of the cavity. We derive exact transition probabilities between different diabatic states induced by such a sweep of the field.
Estancia Basin dynamic water budget.

The Estancia Basin lies about 30 miles to the east of Albuquerque, NM. It is a closed basin in terms of surface water and is somewhat isolated in terms of groundwater. Historically, the primary natural outlet for both surface water and groundwater has been evaporation from the salt lakes in the southeastern portion of the basin. There are no significant watercourses that flow into this basin and groundwater recharge is minimal. During the 20th Century, agriculture grew to become the major user of groundwater in the basin. Significant declines in groundwater levels have accompanied this agricultural use. Domestic and municipal use of the basin groundwater is increasing as Albuquerque population continues to spill eastward into the basin, but this use is projected to be less than 1% of agricultural use well into the 21st Century. This Water Budget model keeps track of the water balance within the basin. The model considers the amount of water entering the basin and leaving the basin. Since there is no significant surface water component within this basin, the balance of water in the groundwater aquifer constitutes the primary component of this balance. Inflow is based on assumptions for recharge made by earlier researchers. Outflow more » from the basin is the summation of the depletion from all basin water uses. The model user can control future water use within the basin via slider bars that set values for population growth, water system per-capita use, agricultural acreage, and the types of agricultural diversion. The user can also adjust recharge and natural discharge within the limits of uncertainty for those parameters. The model runs for 100 years beginning in 1940 and ending in 2040. During the first 55 years model results can be compared to historical data and estimates of groundwater use. The last 45 years are predictive. The model was calibrated to match to New Mexico Office of State Engineer (NMOSE) estimates of aquifer storage during the historical period by making adjustments to recharge and outflow that were within the parameters uncertainties. Although results of this calibrated model imply that there may be more water remaining in the aquifer than the Estancia Water Plan estimates, this answer is only another possible result in a range of answers that are based on large parameter uncertainties. « less
Analytical Models for Airborne-Cryogenic-Insulation Thermal Performance

The use of liquid hydrogen In the Saturn-V launch vehicle has accelerated applied research of lightweight insulation systems that will effectively protect cryogenic liquids in the earth’s atmosphere. Many of the insulations studied are applicable to future high-performance vehicles propelled by liquid hydrogen and methane. The second stage of the Saturn-V is the largest flight-weight hydrogen tank to have insulation applied to its external surfaces. In this location, the insulation must perform under both atmospheric and cryogenic loads. The atmospheric hazard is the ever-present problem of cryopumping air and its potential oxygen enrichment through fractional distillation. The cryogenic hazards are the possibility of hydrogen and oxygen leakage and the potential dangers of fire and explosion. These hazards have been evaluated, and their effects have been reported [1, 2].
Thyroid Dysfunction in Children Exposed to Iodinated Contrast Media

Context: Iodinated contrast media (ICM) is routinely used in imaging studies and contains several 100-fold the recommended daily allowance of iodine. Objective: To determine whether children exposed to ICM have a higher risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. Design: This was a single-institution case-control study, examining patients with incident thyroid dysfunction aged less than 18 years from 2001 to 2015. Cases were matched 1:1 to euthyroid controls by age, sex, and race. Setting: This was a single-institution case-control study occurring at tertiary care center. Participants: Cases were defined as those with thyroid dysfunction (by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis codes and/or 2 consecutive abnormal serum TSH values <6 mo apart). We analyzed 870 cases matched to 870 controls (64% female, 51% White). Main Outcomes Measures: Using conditional logistic regression, the association between ICM exposure and the primary outcome, thyroid dysfunction, occurring within 2 ...
Flight Test Results for Kalman Filter and H2 Modication in Adaptive Control

Flight control systems designed using linear control theory do not perform adequately over the entire operating range of aircraft. Furthermore flight control systems developed for unmanned areil vehicles are expected to meet performance specifications in the presence of nonlinearities and/or failures. Adaptive controllers are ideal candidates for flight control sytem design due to their inherent ability to adapt to compensate for nonlinearities and or failures. Modification terms like e-modification, σ-modification and others are added to standard adaptive laws to ensure boundedness of the adaptive parameters. In this paper flight test results for Kalman filter implementations of ALR-modification for a Nonlinear in parameters neural network adaptive controller are presented. In addition flight test results of an H2 adaptive control with e-modification are also presented.
Multiple Parallel Pathways of Translation Initiation on the CrPV IRES

The complexity of eukaryotic translation allows fine-tuned regulation of protein synthesis. Viruses use internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) to minimize or, like the CrPV IRES, eliminate the need for initiation factors. Here, by exploiting the CrPV IRES, we observed the entire process of initiation and transition to elongation in real time. We directly tracked the CrPV IRES, 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, and tRNA using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and identified multiple parallel initiation pathways within the system. Our results distinguished two pathways of 80S:CrPV IRES complex assembly that produce elongation-competent complexes. Following 80S assembly, the requisite eEF2-mediated translocation results in an unstable intermediate that is captured by binding of the elongator tRNA. Whereas initiation can occur in the 0 and +1 frames, the arrival of the first tRNA defines the reading frame and strongly favors 0 frame initiation. Overall, even in the simplest system, an intricate reaction network regulates translation initiation.
Provider Awareness, Understanding and Use of NICHD Neonatal Research Network Outcomes Estimator.

Introduction Our aim was to survey clinicians to assess awareness and utilization of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network outcomes estimator, which allows clinicians to use multiple factors to better estimate the likelihood that intensive care will benefit the delivered neonate. Study Design The survey tool included a list of questions regarding the estimator. We collected responses from various medical personnel assessing awareness, frequency of use, knowledge of estimator, and information regarding the database. Results There were a total of 141 participants. Forty-two percent reported awareness of the estimator and of those, 75% had visited the Web site. Eighty-two percent of those visiting the site had actually used the estimator. Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) physicians versus generalists were more likely to have heard of the estimator (75 vs. 32%). Obstetrics and gynecology residents had similar familiarity with the estimator as attending generalists. Of those having used the tool, 25% knew the correct variables, with only 19% knowing the outcomes. Interestingly, a majority of users misunderstood database components. Conclusion A majority of clinicians, and a fourth of MFM physicians, who care for patients with threatened preterm birth are either unaware or have limited understanding of the estimator, offering a potential area of improvement in the counseling of such at-risk patients.
Painless office laboratory regulation.

SUMMARY In summary, the attention focused on the work performed in the physicians’ office laboratories need not create any apprehension on the part of the physician-directors. If the physician's office laboratory is subject to government regulations, be assured that the only objective is to provide assistance in accomplishing a mutual objective of quality work. The approach is one of a cooperative effort between professionals, and the physician's office laboratory should take advantage of the services, both consultation and training, offered by the regulatory agency. If the physician's office laboratory is not subject to regulations, the physician-director should personally direct the operation of his or her laboratory and keep abreast of the latest developments in laboratory medicine applicable to the specific areas of testing performed. The simplest way to do this is to take advantage of the voluntary certification programs being developed and any state or federal guidelines readily available.
Runoff Impacts and LID Techniques for Mansionization-Based Stormwater Effects in Fairfax County, Virginia

AbstractThis case study uses the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) curve number method to quantify the increase in stormwater runoff volume from infill residential redevelopment, or mansionization, in a 0.13-km2 residential subwatershed of Fairfax County, Virginia. Analysis of 10 redeveloped lots in the subwatershed showed an average increase in impervious cover from 8 to 28% per parcel after redevelopment, resulting in an average increase in runoff volume of 18% per parcel for the 10-year, 24-h storm. From 1997 to 2009, the total impervious cover in the subwatershed increased from 18 to 25%, resulting in a calculated 5.6% total increase in runoff volume. Low-impact development (LID) techniques were modeled as retrofits in the subwatershed to mitigate the increase in runoff volume. Measures modeled include bioretention basins, infiltration trenches, amended soils, permeable pavement, and cisterns. Results indicate that placing bioretention basins or infiltration trenches on 0.5% of the subwate...
Early steatohepatitis in hyperlipidemic mice with endothelial-specific gain of TRPC3 function precedes changes in aortic atherosclerosis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common chronic liver diseases in developed countries. Moreover, NAFLD and NASH are considerable risk factors for atherosclerosis, the most frequent vascular pathology in these and other metabolic diseases. Despite this strong connection, current knowledge of the relationship between NAFLD/NASH and atherosclerosis is scarce. Recently, we studied hyperlipidemic Apoe knockout mice with endothelial-specific gain of transient receptor potential canonical 3 channel function (TgESTRPC3/ApoeKO) and found that these animals had increased burden of advanced aortic atherosclerosis (16 wk on high-fat diet) compared with nontransgenic ApoeKO littermate controls (non-Tg/ApoeKO), whereas early lesions (10 wk on high-fat diet) were not different. Here, we report that at the early stage when differences in aortic atherosclerosis are not yet manifest, the livers of TgESTRPC3/ApoeKO mice show steatosis, fibrosis, and altered hepatic enzymes compared with non-Tg/ApoeKO animals. Because differences in liver pathology were noticeable long before differences in atherosclerosis were evident, our studies suggest that TRPC3-related endothelial mechanisms that promote steatohepatitis may also contribute to atherosclerosis progression. In vitro, downregulation of TRPC3 in liver sinusoid endothelial cells reduces their susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, suggesting that a proapoptotic effect of TRPC3 may add to other fibrogenic factors in vivo. These novel findings show a positive association between augmented expression of an endothelial TRPC channel, development of early steatohepatitis, and atherosclerotic burden in a hyperlipidemic mouse model of NAFLD fed conventional Western-type diet.
Implementation of a System for Precision, Automated Daily Target Volume Positioning

It is hypothesized that with precise target volume localization, Planning Target Volume (PTV) margins may be reduced, leading to reduced complications by increased sparing of adjacent normal tissues. A system has been implemented for precise, daily localization and positioning of the target volume within a patient. This system is an integrated extension of our Computer Controlled Radiotherapy System (CCRS) which was developed in-house. In recent years the technology to build such a system has been available but lack of integration prevented it from being a practical clinical system. This system employs orthogonal digital radiographs, obtained using room mounted diagnostic X-ray tubes and a digital flat panel imager, to localize radio-opaque markers implanted at the periphery of the target volume. Three-dimensional marker positions are extracted from the images and compared to known reference positions, obtained from CT data, to find a six-degree-of-freedom correctional transformation which may be applied automatically.
Neonatal Propofol and Etomidate Exposure Enhance Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Cornus Ammonis 1 Pyramidal Neurons

Background: Propofol and etomidate are the most important intravenous general anesthetics in the current clinical use and that mediate gamma-aminobutyric acid’s (GABAergic) synaptic transmission. However, their long-term effects on GABAergic synaptic transmission induced by neonatal propofol or etomidate exposure remain unclear. We investigated the long-term GABAergic neurotransmission alterations, following neonatal propofol and etomidate administration. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rat pups at postnatal days 4–6 were underwent 6-h-long propofol-induced or 5-h-long etomidate-induced anesthesia. We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording from pyramidal cells in the cornus ammonis 1 area of acute hippocampal slices of postnatal 80–90 days. Spontaneous and miniature inhibitory GABAergic currents (spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents [sIPSCs] and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents [mIPSCs]) and their kinetic characters were measured. The glutamatergic tonic effect on inhibitory transmission and the effect of bumetanide on neonatal propofol exposure were also examined. Results: Neonatal propofol exposure significantly increased the frequency of mIPSCs (from 1.87 ± 0.35 Hz to 3.43 ± 0.51 Hz, P < 0.05) and did not affect the amplitude of mIPSCs and sIPSCs. Both propofol and etomidate slowed the decay time of mIPSCs kinetics (168.39 ± 27.91 ms and 267.02 ± 100.08 ms vs. 68.18 ± 12.43 ms; P < 0.05). Bumetanide significantly blocked the frequency increase and reversed the kinetic alteration of mIPSCs induced by neonatal propofol exposure (3.01 ± 0.45 Hz and 94.30 ± 32.56 ms). Conclusions: Neonatal propofol and etomidate exposure has long-term effects on inhibitory GABAergic transmission. Propofol might act at pre- and post-synaptic GABA receptor A (GABAA) receptors within GABAergic synapses and impairs the glutamatergic tonic input to GABAergic synapses; etomidate might act at the postsynaptic site. Key words: Etomidate; Gamma-aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate; Propofol; Synapse Transmission
Reactive Molecular Simulation of the Damage Mitigation Efficacy of POSS-, Graphene-, and Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Polyimide Coatings Exposed to Atomic Oxygen Bombardment

Reactive molecular dynamics simulation was employed to compare the damage mitigation efficacy of pristine and polyimide (PI)-grafted polyoctahedral silsesquioxane (POSS), graphene (Gr), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a PI matrix exposed to atomic oxygen (AO) bombardment. The concentration of POSS and the orientation of Gr and CNT nanoparticles were further investigated. Overall, the mass loss, erosion yield, surface damage, AO penetration depth, and temperature evolution are lower for the PI systems with randomly oriented CNTs and Gr or PI-grafted POSS compared to those of the pristine POSS or aligned CNT and Gr systems at the same nanoparticle concentration. On the basis of experimental early degradation data (before the onset of nanoparticle damage), the amount of exposed PI, which has the highest erosion yield of all material components, on the material surface is the most important parameter affecting the erosion yield of the hybrid material. Our data indicate that the PI systems with randomly oriente...
Artemisinin the Nobel Molecule: From Plant to Patient

Abstract Artemisinin is a molecule crucial for treating malaria. Naturally produced in the plant Artemisia annua , this sesquiterpene lactone has broad therapeutic efficacy against a variety of parasites, viruses, and neoplasms with a diverse effect on the immune system. The molecule has a variety of therapeutic mechanisms, some still under debate. Here we describe the production and regulation of the molecule in A. annua and include a brief discussion of the in planta production of other important phytochemicals that may work synergistically with artemisinin to enhance therapeutic efficacy or bioavailability. This is followed by a discussion of the current state of knowledge in two important areas regarding the mechanism of action of artemisinins on Plasmodium sp. that cause malaria versus mechanisms that affect cancer cells and immune system responses. Last, artemisinins per se, Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT), and plant-based Artemisinin Combination Therapy (pACT) will be compared and critically assessed for their therapeutic efficacy in cell cultures, animals, and, where known, humans.
Reducing Infant Morbidity with Adolescent Mothers

Reducing infant morbidity with adolescent mothers is a significant public health problem in both rural and urban areas Teenage pregnancy rates are extremely high in the United States but the majority of support education and intervention programs deal with preventing pregnancy This disregards the population of already pregnant teenagers and their developing babies putting both at risk In applying the Health Promotion Model developed by Dr Pender from the expectancy value theory and social cognitive theory adolescent mothers can be given the health and emotional support they need during pregnancy to increase positive outcomes for their infants Focus on the positive aspects not the negative factors and risks can have a significant impact on adolescent mothers The Health Promotion Model encourages behavior and attitude to increase wellbeing and health as opposed to focusing on illness or what can go wrong Adolescent mothers may already be in a situation where they are considered wrong having made a mistake and other belittling or demeaning associations that lower their self esteem Promoting a healthy and safe developmental environment for their babies while in the womb gives them a chance to take a fresh positive and healthy start
Frog and Toad’s ongoing journey cooperative acquisition of award-winning children’s and young adult titles at a multicampus university

Two years ago, we reported the beginnings of a collaboration between Education librarians at two locations within Pennsylvania State University Libraries (PSUL): the Education Library at University Park and the Penn State Harrisburg Library. We described our methods of cooperative purchasing of PreK–12 textbooks and instructional materials, which represented substantial costs and challenges to both locations. 2 Since then, we have explored additional ways of sharing collection development tasks, while retaining much of the autonomy that librarians within PSUL prize. This article focuses on our efforts with our juvenile literature collections.
Stones, Bones, and Profiles: Exploring Archaeological Context, Early American Hunter-Gatherers, and Bison

I must admit that when I first saw “Stones, Bones, and Profiles”, the title immediately caught my attention, but I ultimately decided that the title, while catchy, was not explicit enough to indica...
Do Business Definition Decisions Distort Small Business Research Results

The choice of business definition at the outset of research can drive results. Pooling different kinds of businesses allows nonemployer businesses (which are numerous and small) to overwhelm employer businesses (whose numbers are far fewer, but whose business activity is many times more significant). A scan of special tabulations from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2002 Survey of Business Owners shows that nonemployer and employer businesses differ qualitatively, as do employer firms and businesses of differing sizes. We investigate how nonemployers and employers differ in number, receipts, industry, business turnover, survival, and ownership characteristics. Cross-tabulations are presented for such business characteristics as number of employees, receipt size, business age, veteran ownership, home-based, franchise status, family-owned status, legal form of organization, geography, industry, and financing.
Mathematics in Ancient Greece

In this and the following chapter, I outline a materialist sociological account of mathematics in ancient Greece from Thales to Archimedes, and in Europe from Stevin and Valerio to Newton and Leibniz. There are two reasons for examining the Greek and European cases together. One is that Alexandrian mathematics reached the threshold of pre-modern European mathematics. Stevin, Valerio, Guldin, and Cavalieri begin their mathematical labors in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries essentially where Archimedes’ work ends. The major thematic link between the two periods is the calculus.1 The second reason is that there are significant similarities between the social changes associated with the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance in Europe and the transition from the “Greek Dark Ages” to the Ionian commercial and cultural awakening in the seventh century BC.2 In a sense, the Europeans “recapitulated” significant aspects of Greek mathematical, social, economic, and political history in a way that allowed them to take advantage of and build on the Alexandrian legacy. I extend earlier materialistic studies of mathematics in these two periods by (a) focusing on the continuities between ancient Greek and pre-modern European mathematics, (b) linking “social development, industry and commercial intercourse”3 to the development of mathematics and mathematical communities, (c) identifying the activities and products of communities of mathematicians as material bases for mathematical development, (d) eliminating idealist and transcendentalist assumptions in accounting for “abstract” or “pure” mathematics.
Asynchronous Negotiated Access

Scheduling access to people and selectively sharing the state of one’s activities are essential elements of collaborating with others. These processes are fundamental to arranging face-to-face meetings and coordinating access to shared information. Examples include scheduling meetings, contacting others in real time (by phone or instant messaging), and checking on the changing status of a jointly-authored document. In this paper, we first discuss challenging social and technical problems associated with scheduling and sharing activities and then describe a novel computational technique designed to help mediate access to people and their work products. We argue that providing effective negotiated-access will be an issue of growing significance as computational and wireless technologies make us increasingly and perhaps overly accessible.
Tests of Hypotheses Based on a Single Sample

A parameter can be estimated from sample data either by a single number (a point estimate) or an entire interval of plausible values (a confidence interval). Frequently, however, the objective of an investigation is not to estimate a parameter but to decide which of two contradictory claims about the parameter is correct. Methods for accomplishing this comprise the part of statistical inference called hypothesis testing. In this chapter, we first discuss some of the basic concepts and terminology in hypothesis testing and then develop decision procedures for the most frequently encountered testing problems based on a sample from a single population.
On the p-Variation of Gaussian Random Fields with Separable Increments

The p-variation of the sample functions of a Gaussian random process {X (t, w): 0 ≤ t ≤ 1} has been studied in a number of papers. (See [5], [6] and [7].) In this paper we study the p-variation of the sample functions of Gaussian random fields.
Investigation of Population Structure in the Rare Amsonia ludoviciana Vail (Louisiana Bluestar; Apocynaceae)

Amsonia ludoviciana (Louisiana Bluestar), in the Apocynaceae family, is a rare herbaceous perennial plant species found in the ecotones of granite rock outcrops of Georgia as well as the pine flatwoods in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. This research focused on using fluorescently tagged primers to amplify polymorphic microsatellite loci as a way to characterize the population genetic structure of the rare Louisiana Bluestar in Georgia. We sampled 6 populations across the Georgia range of Louisiana Bluestar. We employed 8 microsatellite loci to detect variation within and among Louisiana Bluestar populations and to detect patterns in population structure and dispersal. Values of the genetic-diversity estimator Gst suggested that the majority of the sampled populations demonstrated moderate genetic similarity. Further, Geneland software indicated the presence of 3 clusters. From our population genetic analyses, it can also be inferred that there is substantial gene flow between populations of Louisiana Bluestar in the state of Georgia.
IMMU-41. IDO1 INCREASES Treg RECRUITMENT INDEPENDENT OF TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN A MODEL OF GLIOBLASTOMA

OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) patients with high intratumoral IDO1 mRNA levels have an associated decrease in survival (Zhai et al., 2017; CCR). IDO1 is an immunosuppressive mediator that metabolizes tryptophan (Trp), and through its associated enzyme activity, has long been recognized to increase immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. Accordingly, we previously showed that the genetic knockdown of IDO1 in murine glioma cells, suppresses intratumoral Treg recruitment and increases animal subject survival. Unexpectedly, however, IDO1 knockdown has no effect on intratumoral Trp metabolism (Zhai et al., 2017; BBI). Further surprisingly, we recently demonstrated that, although IDO1 overexpression increases Treg levels in brain tumors, the pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 metabolism has no effect on Treg accumulation (Ladomersky et al., 2018; CCR). These novel data led us to question the requirement for IDO1 enzyme activity to regulate Tregs in malignant glioma.
The Future of the Future

This chapter concludes the book with a discussion of the “future of the future,” or how our evolving view of the future will shape actual futures—and what current events might hobble our ability to foresee. It discusses corporate short-termism, democratizing technologies and wealth inequality, the nature of karma, and finally, happiness.
The Epidemiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Population-Based Study.

Objective To estimate the annual incidence and prevalence of and frequency of mortality associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods An inception cohort of patients with incident APS in 2000-2015 from a geographically well-defined population was identified based on comprehensive individual medical records review. All cases met the 2006 Sydney criteria for APS (primary definition) or had a diagnosis of APS confirmed by physician consensus (secondary definition). Levels of lupus anticoagulant, IgM and IgG anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies were tested in a centralized laboratory. Incidence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US white population. Prevalence estimates were obtained from the incidence rates, assuming that there was no increased mortality associated with APS and that migration in or out of the area was independent of disease status. Results Among this cohort in 2000-2015, 33 cases of incident APS, as defined by the Sydney criteria, were identified (mean age of patients 54.2 years; 55% female, 97% white). The annual incidence of APS in adults ages ≥18 years was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-2.8) per 100,000 population. Incidence rates were similar in both sexes. The estimated prevalence of APS was 50 (95% CI 42-58) per 100,000 population, and was similar in both sexes. Six patients (18%) had a concurrent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The most frequent clinical manifestation was deep vein thrombosis. The overall frequency of mortality among patients with APS was not significantly different from that in the general population (standardized mortality ratio 1.61, 95% CI 0.74-3.05). Conclusion APS occurred in ~2 persons per 100,000 population per year. The estimated prevalence was 50 per 100,000 population. Overall mortality was not notably different from that observed in the general population.
“The glue that makes the glitter stick”: Preliminary outcomes associated with a trauma-informed, resiliency-based, interprofessional graduate course for child welfare, mental health, and education

ABSTRACTAmong school-age children, there is a high prevalence of trauma-related mental health needs across child welfare, mental health, and education settings. The purpose of this manuscript is to...
Catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition en route to paxilline indoloterpenoids.

Abstract Development of enantioselective synthesis of precursor en route to paxilline indoloterpenoids is described. Evaluation of 25 diphosphine-based ligands has led to identification of JosiPhos derivative that allows for asymmetric conjugate addition of homoprenyl Grignard reagent to 2-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one in excellent yield and with appreciable levels of enantioinduction. Application to the conjugate addition of other Grignard reagents is demonstrated.