cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dam removal on brook trout in a wisconsin stream

Dams create barriers to fish migration and dispersal in drainage basins, and the removal of dams is often viewed as a means of increasing habitat availability and restoring migratory routes of several fish species. However, these barriers can also isolate and protect native taxa from aggressive downstream invaders. We examined fish community composition two years prior to and two years after the removal of a pair of low-head dams from Boulder Creek, Wisconsin, U.S.A. in 2003 to determine if removal of these potential barriers affected the resident population of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Despite the presence of other taxa in the downstream reaches, and in other similar streams adjacent to the Boulder Creek (including the brown trout, Salmo trutta), no new species had colonized the Boulder Creek in the two years following dam removal. The adults catch per unit effort (CPUE) was lower and the young-of-the-year catch per unit effort (YOY CPUE) was higher in 2005 than in 2001 in all reaches, but the magnitude of these changes was substantially larger in the two dam-affected sample reaches relative to an upstream reference reach, indicating a localized effect of the removal. Total length of the adults and the YOY and the adult body condition did not vary between years or among reaches. Thus, despite changes in numbers of adults and the YOYs in some sections of the stream, the lack of new fish species invading Boulder Creek and the limited extent of population change in brook trout indicate that dam removal had a minor effect on these native salmonids in the first two years of the post-removal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checks and Balances: European Competition Law and the Rule of Law

The rule of law is an eminently European concept. It may well have been exported around the world, achieving constitutional status in some jurisdictions, but it was first discussed by Aristotle and Plato, formed the basis of the Magna Carta, has been enunciated by Blackstone and Dicey, and motivates the thinking of senior Law Lords to this day. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? The fundamental issue that the rule of law seeks to address is: ‘Who guards the guardians?’ Who ensures that they use the powers we have granted them to protect us, in an appropriate, just and fair manner, and that we never need to be protected from them? In the context of competition law, much centres on the use of both the power and the discretion that we have given the authorities. Where are the guarantees that they will be accountable, independent and fair? At the same time, how do we ensure that the courts accord competition authorities the appropriate degree of deference due an expert body, while still holding the authorities to both the acquis communautaire and the rule of law?
URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION

The diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) implies functionally significant impairment of urinary transport from the renal pelvis to the ureter. Although most cases are probably congenital in origin, the problem may not become clinically apparent until much later in life. This chapter is limited to a discussion of the treatment of congenital UPJO, although at times these techniques may be applied appropriately to the management of some related acquired conditions.
A unique course in anthropology

The course in forensic anthropology presented at Florida State University is designed to train criminal investigators in the application of physical anthropological and archaeological techniques to the investigation of buried bodies. Modification of archaeological field techniques by experimentation using artificial graves allows the recovery of fragile and easy to overlook evidence and ensures the recovery of all possible material for analysis by the physical anthropologist. An introduction to physical anthropology enables the criminal investigator to effectively communicate his needs and understand the type of information required for adequate identification of remains by a physical anthropologist.
Optimal and suboptimal receivers for ultra-wideband transmitted reference systems

The optimal receiver for an ultra-wideband transmitted reference (UWB TR) system in a single user multipath environment is derived, based on knowledge of channel properties. The performances of this optimal receiver and other crosscorrelation receivers are analyzed and compared. The usual crosscorrelation receiver which is often used in UWB TR systems is shown to be suboptimal. In addition, an UWB differential transmitted reference (UWB DTR) system is also proposed and its performance is evaluated.
Missed diagnosis in a woman with past malignancy.

CLINICAL HISTORY This is a 51-year-old right-handed female with a history of porphyria (since she was a youngster) and breast carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy/chemotherapy but no radiation. She presented with a 14-month history of progressive right upper extremity weakness; right hand coordination difficulty; nonradiating pain originating from the shoulder; progressive numbness from the first 2 fingers of the hand up to the mid-humerus level; and without headache, speech, or swallowing difficulties. With the patient’s remote history of breast cancer, infiltrative disease at the right brachial plexus needed to be ruled out. An electromyographic (EMG) study revealed denervation at triceps, biceps, deltoid, and brachioradialis muscles. Nerve conduction studies were not performed. The patient was also seen by an orthopedist, who said the patient had cervical radiculopathy/thoracic outlet syndrome.
A Comparative Study of Single-pulse and Double-pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Uranium-containing Samples

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) holds potential advantages in special nuclear material (SNM) sensing and nuclear forensics, which require rapid analysis, minimal sample preparation, and stand-off distance capability. SNM, such as U, however, result in crowded emission spectra with LIBS, and characteristic emission lines are challenging to discern. It is well-known that double-pulse LIBS (DPLIBS) improves the signal intensity for analytes over conventional single-pulse LIBS (SPLIBS). This study investigates the U signal in a glass matrix using DPLIBS and compares it to signal obtained using SPLIBS. Double-pulse LIBS involves sequential firing of a 1.06 µm Nd:YAG pre-pulse and 10.6 µm TEA CO2 heating pulse in a near collinear geometry. Optimization of experimental parameters including inter-pulse delay and energy follows identification of characteristic lines for the bulk analyte Ca and the minor constituent analyte U for both DPLIBS and SPLIBS. Spatial and temporal coupling of the two pulses in the proposed DPLIBS technique yields improvements in analytical merits with a negligible increase in damage to the sample compared to SPLIBS. Subsequently, the study discusses optimum plasma emission conditions of U lines and relative figures of merit in both SPLIBS and DPLIBS. Investigation into plasma characteristics also addresses plausible mechanisms related to the observed U analyte signal variation between SPLIBS and DPLIBS.
Durable Results with In Situ Graft Repair of Ruptured Salmonella Aneurysm in a Patient with Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome.

We describe a case of a 42-year-old male patient with advanced autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (CD4 count of 16 cells/mm 3 ) found to have a ruptured infected infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Emergent in situ repair was performed with a Hemashield Dacron graft (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA). Aortic tissue cultures grew group D Salmonella . Patient was placed initially on intravenous ciprofloxacin followed by lifelong oral levofloxacin and trimethoprim. Over 2 years following repair, he remains asymptomatic, with repair intact and no recurrent infection. This case is the first reported successful long-term repair of a ruptured salmonella infected abdominal aortic aneurysm in the setting of advanced AIDS.
Cultivation of duck hepatitis virus in tissue culture.

SummaryDuck hepatitis virus was passed serially 7 times through monolayer chicken embryo liver cell cultures. Multiplication of virus was demonstrated by assay in embryonated chicken eggs and by gel diffusion precipitin test. Microscopic examination of stained tissue culture cells failed to reveal CPE.
Nutrient Transport in Soils Amended with Biochar: A Transient Model with Two Stationary Phases and Intraparticle Diffusion

We present the development of a rate model that simulates nutrient transport in soils amended with biochar. The model considers two stationary adsorbent phases (biochar and soil), axial dispersion, interphase mass transfer, and intraparticle diffusion. Langmuir isotherms govern the local equilibria between the solute diffusing in the liquid-filled pores and adsorbed on the pore surfaces of biochar and soil particles. We demonstrate that addition of biochar can effectively slow nutrient transport through the soil if the biochar/soil ratio and crucial biochar properties (such as its adsorption capacity and affinity to the sorbate) are carefully matched to the soil properties (water velocity and soil type) and the amount of rainfall or irrigation. Simulations can also track the spatial and temporal evolution of nutrient concentration profiles, information that is essential for analyzing and interpreting experimental data. The new model can be a valuable tool for fine-tuning the production and use of biochar.
Acute Rejection of the Allografted Human Heart

Abstract Twenty-six patients have received heart transplants at Stanford University Medical Center. Of these, 11 were alive at six months (42%), 10 at twelve and eighteen months (37%), and 7 at twenty-four months (26%). Sixty episodes of acute allograft rejection were diagnosed in 21 patients. No correlation between histocompatibility match and rejection history was apparent. Emphasis was placed on early diagnosis of rejection episodes and intermittent use of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. Useful indexes of early graft rejection included electrocardiographic changes (decreasing QRS voltage, appearance of arrhythmias, right shift of the electrical axis, ST-T wave changes), clinical findings (appearance of gallop rhythm, decreased precordial activity, hypotension), and ultrasound echocardiographic findings (increased thickness of left ventricular wall, increased right ventricular diameter). Fifty-seven rejection episodes were reversed with increased immunosuppressive therapy, and 3 progressed to graft failure and the patient's death. In the cardiac transplant recipient, monitoring multiple indexes of allograft function allows the early diagnosis and successful treatment of most episodes of acute rejection.
Learning in out-of-class experiences: The importance of professional skills:

Our goal was to document professional skills and attitudes gained via out-of-class teaching and research experiences during the undergraduate years. Qualitative analysis of reflection papers reveal...
The Morphology and Histology of the Hymenopterous Poison Apparatus. I. Paraponera clavata (Formicidae)

The poison apparatus of Paraponera clavata (F.) is described in detail morphologically and histologically, and compared with the corresponding structures in other Hymenoptera as reported by various investigators. The descriptions include all the glands, sclerites, and associated muscles which function in producing venom prior to the act of stinging and in discharging it during the act. The function of each of the 11 muscles associated with the sting sclerites is discussed, as are the effects of the sting. The venom of this and some other ponerine ants is found to be proteinaceous and hemolytic.
Nitric oxide and prostaglandins interact to mediate arteriolar dilation during cortical spreading depression

We examined whether blockade of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin could attenuate the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on cerebral arteriolar dilation during cortical spreading depression (CSD). CSD was induced by microinjection of 5% (670 mM) KCl onto the cerebral cortex of anesthetized adult rabbits. A closed cranial window and intravital microscopy were used to measure pial arteriolar diameter, and NOS activity was determined by the conversion assay of [14C]arginine to [14C]citrulline. CSD dilated pial arterioles by 47 +/- 3% (baseline = 80-88 microns) (n = 21, P < 0.05), and inhibition of NOS by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (15 mg/kg iv) reduced dilation during CSD by over one-half (n = 8, P < 0.05) without altering the onset latency to CSD. After indomethacin administration (15 mg/kg iv), CSD dilated arterioles from 73 +/- 2 to 152 +/- 6 microns (n = 4, P < 0.05). However, after administration of both indomethacin and L-NNA (n = 5), CSD-induced arteriolar dilation was not different from the situation where indomethacin alone was given. Thus indomethacin completely abolished the inhibitory effect of L-NNA on CSD-induced dilation. Administration of L-NNA inhibited NOS activity in brain cortex almost completely (n = 8, P < 0.05), whereas indomethacin itself had no effect (n = 8). In addition, L-NNA inhibited topical acetylcholine (10(-5) M)-induced arteriolar dilation (n = 3, P < 0.05), and this effect was not altered by indomethacin (n = 4). In summary, L-NNA reduced arteriolar dilation during CSD. However, after administration of indomethacin, L-NNA does not reduce CSD-induced arteriolar dilation.
Trader types and volatility of emission allowance prices. Evidence from EU ETS Phase I

Abstract This paper studies the relation between the trading activity of market participants and the volatility of the European Emission Allowance price during Phase I of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS). We focus on the contrasting roles of different trader types. We find evidence of a positive and significant trading activity–volatility relation, which appears to be stronger when accounting for trader type. The positive relation can be mainly attributed to energy providers. In contrast, industrial companies seem to have traded more frequently when volatility levels were lower. Finally, the non-liable players, represented by financial intermediaries, appear to have acted as a flexible counterparty, trading more with the energy sector when volatility was higher, and more with the industrial firms when volatility was lower. We discuss possible explanations for these contrasted positions. Understanding the trading activity–volatility link is relevant for evaluating the efficiency of the EU ETS. Although the relation is generally positive, many players remained often inactive and traded mostly when volatility levels were lower. Policies targeting the engagement of less active players could lead to a smoother incorporation of information into prices and to an increase in market efficiency.
Correlation between histopathologic features and likelihood of identifying superficial dermatophytosis with Periodic Acid Schiff-Diastase staining: A cohort study

Background Periodic Acid Schiff-Diastase (PAS-D) staining is used routinely in dermatopathology. Conventionally, parakeratosis or intracorneal neutrophils justify use of PAS-D stain to identify dermatophytosis. We aimed to investigate the histopathological features of superficial dermatophytosis. Methods Skin biopsies with PAS-D stain were retrospectively reviewed by a blinded dermatopathologist. Histopathologic findings in cases with dermatophytosis were compared to those without. Results We studied 110 cases, of which 63 were PAS-D positive for dermatophytes. Dermatophytes were identified on H&E staining in 49 (77.8%) of the PAS-D-positive cases. Diffuse compact orthokeratosis (79.37%, p < 0.001) and focal parakeratosis (65.08%, p = 0.03) were significantly more frequent in dermatophytosis. Intracorneal neutrophils and spongiosis were not significant findings. Fungal elements were frequently observed within compact orthokeratosis (62.0%) and parakeratosis (31.8%) but rarely within intracorneal pustules (12.7%). In some dermatophyte cases, intracorneal neutrophils (47.6%) or parakeratosis (17.5%) were absent. Conclusions Compact orthokeratosis or focal parakeratosis justifies PAS-D staining, whereas the absence of intracorneal neutrophils or parakeratosis is insufficient to exclude dermatophytosis. PAS-D stain may be deferred until H&E slides have been evaluated, but results indicate that having a low threshold to perform PAS-D stain is justified. Our findings may contribute to establishing appropriate criteria for PAS-D staining.
84-P: HLA MISMATCHES PROMOTE CLASS-SPECIFIC ANTI-DONOR ANTIBODY FORMATION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Aim Antibody formation against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is associated with graft dysfunction and loss in renal transplant recipients. We have previously shown that recipients with positive leukocyte antibody panel (LABB) tests demonstrate significantly more HLA mismatches with their donors, as compared to patients with negative LABB. Antibody production against donor-specific HLA (DSA) is not observed de novo in non-sensitized patients. It is not currently known if a relationship exists between HLA mismatches and specificity of antibodies produced after transplant. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 49 renal transplant patients with positive LABB between October 2010 and January 2011. HLA of recipients and their donors were compared for mismatches at A,B,DR, and DQ loci. LABB results were reviewed for class and donor HLA specificity of observed antibody production. Four patients were excluded due to insufficient HLA documentation or previous sensitization with non-DSA only (n = 45). Percent accuracy was calculated for Class I and II HLA mismatches and DSA, and chi-square test was utilized to determine significance of agreement. Results [ Table 0 ] 44/45 patients (97.8%) demonstrated Class I mismatches, and 42/45 (93.3%) demonstrated Class II mismatches. Among patients with Class I mismatches, 13/44 (28.9%) generated Class I antibody. Among patients with Class II mismatches, 18/42 (40%) generated Class II antibody. All antibody was class specific for the HLA mismatch identified (100% accuracy), and Class II HLA mismatches trended towards higher agreement with DSA production (47% vs 31%; p = 0.1301). Conclusions Antibody production after transplantation is donor and class-specific, and is directed against mismatched HLA loci. Increased numbers of HLA mismatches may result in increased vulnerability to post-transplant antibody formation and antibody-mediated graft injury. Yang: Novartis: Grant Research; Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Grant Research.
An efficient binary-search based heuristic for extended Unsplittable Flow Problem

Routing a given set of flows with bandwidth requirements is a fundamental problem, which has been formulated as Unsplittable Flow Problem (UFP). One of the key issues in this formulation is that the bandwidth requirement is fixed for each flow. In practice, however, many applications (e.g., video-on-demand, backup and replication services) would greatly benefit from getting more bandwidths beyond the fixed minimum bandwidth requirement. To achieve this, we extended UFP such that bandwidth requirements will be given in a range. The challenge is now how to find paths and dynamically determine the allocated bandwidths such that we can provide more bandwidth to each flow while making sure that each flow gets at least the requested minimum amount. Like UFP, the extended UFP problem is also NP-Hard. Therefore, we propose two heuristics and demonstrate their efficiency using simulation.
Alcohol and cigarette use from ages 23 to 55: Links with health and well-being in the long-term national child development study

Objective:Using longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, an ongoing study of a nationally representative British cohort born in 1958 (n = 9,137; 51% female), we examined how patterns of alcohol and cigarette use from young adulthood (age 23) to midlife (age 55) are associated with health and well-being.Method:We first used a nonparametric multilevel latent class specification to identify eight unique paths of alcohol and cigarette use from ages 23 to 55, and then assessed how these long-term latent paths related to overall health, heart problems, chronic illness, and quality of life at midlife.Results:Results show that adults who consistently drank within current U.K. low-risk guidelines (i.e., not exceeding 14 units of alcohol per week) and abstained from smoking from young adulthood to midlife reported the best overall health and well-being compared with latent paths involving steady, light to moderate drinking and both current and prior smoking, increasing drinking and smoking, and ...
Subjective Life Expectancy Among College Students

ABSTRACTEstablishing healthy habits in college is important for long-term health. Despite existing health promotion efforts, many college students fail to meet recommendations for behaviors such as healthy eating and exercise, which may be due to low perceived risk for health problems. The goals of this study were to examine: (1) the accuracy of life expectancy predictions, (2) potential individual differences in accuracy (i.e., gender and conscientiousness), and (3) potential change in accuracy after inducing awareness of current health behaviors. College students from a small northeastern university completed an electronic survey, including demographics, initial predictions of their life expectancy, and their recent health behaviors. At the end of the survey, participants were asked to predict their life expectancy a second time. Their health data were then submitted to a validated online algorithm to generate calculated life expectancy. Participants significantly overestimated their initial life expect...
Genetic differentiation and diversity of two sympatric subspecies of Castilleja affinis; a comparison between the endangered serpentine endemic (spp. neglecta) and its widespread congener (ssp. affinis)

Edaphic endemic species are considered high conservation priority, as they are a unique and critical component of the ecosystems and are often restricted to small fragmented habitats. Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta is a serpentine endemic species, known from six sites within the San Francisco Bay Area and is the focus of active restoration efforts. It grows sympatrically with the subspecies, C. affinis ssp. affinis, which is more widespread but differs in floral color and soil preference. In this study, we used morphometric measurements (three bract, ten floral, and two leaf measurements) and microsatellite markers to determine (1) how the two subspecies differ, (2) if there is evidence of hybridization and (3) quantify the genetic structure of known populations of C. affinis ssp. neglecta. We found that all 15 morphological measurements differed significantly between the subspecies and neutral genetic markers show strong genetic differentiation. Overall we found C. affinis ssp. neglecta populations had similar levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation between populations but higher inbreeding than compared to its more common congener. Two populations of C. affinis ssp. neglecta showed lower genetic differentiation from the C. affinis ssp. affinis populations, with some individuals showing considerable overlap in genotypic diversity, hence we cannot rule out historic or low levels hybridization in those populations. Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta is a federally endangered species that would benefit from restoration efforts that aims to maintain genetic diversity while minimizing inbreeding in reintroduction efforts.
Measuring Emotions in Real Time: Implications for Tourism Design

This study introduces a new approach to assess travellers’ emotions in natural settings, and discusses the implications of this approach within the context of designing tourism places. In particular, recent advancements in technology enable researchers to measure individual’s electrodermal activity (EDA), a primary physiological measure of emotions, within a wide range of environments. This paper reports the results of a case study which tracked the emotions of two visitors to Philadelphia, USA over four days. The results indicate that the Philadelphia visitors exhibited a substantial variation in emotions depending upon the places visited, their activities, and the people they met; also, the two responded differently to the environment throughout the four days. It is concluded that the ability to measure travellers’ emotions across settings and in real time can help to explain the relationship between physical and social environments and emotion, and in turn, provides an extremely useful tool for evaluating alternative strategies for designing and managing tourism places.
Understanding the Relationship Between Food Variety, Food Intake, and Energy Balance

In accordance with US dietary guidance, incorporating variety into the diet can align with energy balance, though greater food variety in some categories may make energy balance more challenging. Thus, experimental and epidemiologic evidence is summarized on the relationship between food variety, food and energy intake, and energy balance. Lab-based, experimental research consistently demonstrates that greater variety within foods or sensory characteristics of food increases food and energy intake within an eating occasion. Epidemiologic evidence is less consistent, potentially driven by differing methodologies, particularly in defining and measuring food variety. Moreover, the effect of variety on energy balance appears to be moderated by food energy density. Integrating insights from experimental and epidemiologic research are essential for strengthening food variety guidance including developing evidence-based definitions of food variety, understanding moderators of the relationship, and developing practical guidance interpretable to consumers.
Comparison within pairs promotes analogical abstraction in three-month-olds

Abstract This research tests whether analogical learning is present before language comprehension. Three-month-old infants were habituated to a series of analogous pairs, instantiating either the same relation (e.g., AA, BB, etc.) or the different relation (e.g., AB, CD, etc.), and then tested with further exemplars of the relations. If they can distinguish the familiar relation from the novel relation, even with new objects, this is evidence for analogical abstraction across the study pairs. In Experiment 1, we did not find evidence of analogical abstraction when 3-month-olds were habituated to six pairs instantiating the relation. However, in Experiment 2, infants showed evidence of analogical abstraction after habituation to two alternating pairs (e.g., AA, BB, AA, BB…). Further, as with older groups, rendering individual objects salient disrupted learning the relation. These results demonstrate that 3-month-old infants are capable of comparison and abstraction of the same/different relation. Our findings also place limits on the conditions under which these processes are likely to occur. We discuss implications for theories of relational learning.
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus on Children's Playgrounds.

Background:Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern due to the emergence of virulent and drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although numerous studies have been conducted to assess the environmental contamination of S. aureus in health car
Introduction to Networks

In this introductory chapter basic transmission and networking technologies are discussed. This includes the topics of coaxial cables, twisted pair wiring, fiber optics, microwave line of sight, satellites in their various orbits, cellular systems, ad hoc networking, and wireless sensor networks. Also discussed are multiplexing (frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency hopping, and direct sequence spread spectrum), circuit switching versus packet switching, and layered protocols.
Adolescents and Young Adults

This chapter reviews the psychotherapeutic treatment of adolescents and young adults with an emphasis on the teenage population. Particular attention is given to the clinical problems presented by child—parent conflicts, school, parental divorce, and suicide in young people. Eating disorders, substance abuse, and depression are important in relation to the adolescent and young adult population but are extensively treated in other chapters of this book. Throughout the clinical and technical sections of the chapter, there is an underlying emphasis on relating the understanding of the case and its management to the developmental level of the teenager.
Explanation Summary of Discounts and Premiums

Explanation: Investors would be willing to buy closed-end fund shares at a discount because of the potential tax liability associated with the unrealized appreciation in the fund’s portfolio.
Use of Isotope Effects To Understand the Present and Past of the Atmosphere and Climate and Track the Origin of Life

Stable isotope ratio measurements have been used as a measure of a wide variety of processes, including solar system evolution, geological formational temperatures, tracking of atmospheric gas and aerosol chemical transformation, and is the only means by which past global temperatures may be determined over long time scales. Conventionally, isotope effects derive from differences of isotopically substituted molecules in isotope vibrational energy, bond strength, velocity, gravity, and evaporation/condensation. The variations in isotope ratio, such as 18 O/16 O (δ18 O) and 17 O/16 O (δ17 O) are dependent upon mass differences with δ17 O/δ18 O=0.5, due to the relative mass differences (1 amu vs. 2 amu). Relations that do not follow this are termed mass independent and are the focus of this Minireview. In chemical reactions such as ozone formation, a δ17 O/δ18 O=1 is observed. Physical chemical models capture most parameters but differ in basic approach and are reviewed. The mass independent effect is observed in atmospheric species and used to track their chemistry at the modern and ancient Earth, Mars, and the early solar system (meteorites).
Studies Completed by Members of the National Association of Physical Education for College Women, 1941–1943

(1944). Studies Completed by Members of the National Association of Physical Education for College Women, 1941–1943. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 225-231.
Laryngeal Diadochokinesis Across the Adult Lifespan.

Summary Objective Diadochokinetic tasks provide valuable clinical information regarding neuromuscular control and coordination. Laryngeal diadochokinesis (LDDK) has the potential to provide insight into the neuromotor functioning of the larynx, but interpretation is limited because of sparse normative data. This study provides normative data for LDDK tasks across the adult lifespan in men and women. Method Neurologically and vocally normal women (n = 216) and men (n = 188), ages 20–89 years, produced rapid repetitions of /ʔʌ/ and /hʌ/ to assess adductory and abductory laryngeal articulatory coordination, respectively. Outcome variables included average rate and regularity (% jitter) from a 5-second sample using a commercially available data acquisition and analysis system and verified by hand. Analyses of variance examined the data for task, sex, and age by decade. Results LDDK rate decreased significantly with age (F[6,390] = 10.67, P Conclusion Normative data for LDDK tasks can be combined across the sexes. Separate norms should be used across age groups, especially for adults in their 20s and 80s, and across the two LDDK tasks.
The echolalic in-between in Zoë Wicomb’s Playing in the Light

This essay looks at the figure of echolalia, the pathological repetition of someone else’s speech, to examine how Wicomb’s novel conceives of the formation of identity as an activity of speech in w...
Recruitment via social media: advantages and potential biases.

BackgroundAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are under-represented in research. Social media is increasingly used for recruitment given its ability to reach large audiences. Differen...
Are We Having Fun Yet?: Designing for Fun in Artificial Intelligence That Is Multicultural and Multiplatform

Personality of Artificial Intelligence (A.I) is a vast and complex domain. Traits like trustworthiness and humanness have long been evaluated, but less so for traits like fun. In this study we evaluate fun in four conversational agents with a mix of menial tasks, games, and free play in the US and India on voice and text-based platforms. Our research explores user sentiment of fun in an A.I. personality, implications of fun personality on voice-based and text-based agents, and the perception of a fun A.I. personality in two culturally distinct markets. We used a mixed method approach to evaluate these objectives with 44 participants. Our results end with design principles for creating fun in artificial intelligence: 1) balance fun through conversational humor and goal-oriented actions, 2) create fun experiences through playful interactions, 3) convey fun through platform specific expressions like tone of voice or visual gestures and emojis, and 4) be inclusively fun by being culturally relevant so your conversational agent translates across borders.
Forced Emigration to the Antipodes

This Chapter examines the quality of life experienced by men, women, and boys who, unlike the migrants bound for America, moved eastward in a long, frequently solitary voyage. These emigrants did not move voluntarily, within a growing stream of more conventional migrants, for they were male, female, and boy felons. With rare exceptions their origins were from the ranks of the urban poor, and tended not to be first-time offenders. Several transport ships of the early Victorian era are considered.
What Surgeons Need to Know About Adverse Local Tissue Reaction in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) were first associated with patients with failed metal-on-metal surface replacements and total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, an increasing number of cases of ALTR in metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) THA patients is being reported. Clinically, ALTR appears as benign, aseptic masses or bursae in the periprosthetic tissues. Histopathologically, ALTRs are distinguished by an intense lymphocyte infiltrate, destruction of the synovial surfaces, widespread necrosis, and fibrin exudate. Tribocorrosion of modular junctions appears to be the cause of ALTR in MOP patients. The various tribocorrosion damage modes occurring at modular junctions produce metal ions and a diversity of particulates in relation to size, chemical composition, and structure. The mechanisms by which these various products of tribocorrosion lead to ALTR are still a matter of considerable research. This review clarifies what constitutes ALTR, its relationship to implant factors, and highlights current methods for diagnosis and management of patients with ALTR in the setting of MOP THA.
The Dynamics of Race, Place, and Homicide Context in the Relationship between Firearm Dealers and Gun Violence

This study examines the relationship between the concentration of legal firearm dealers and firearm homicide in 27 states. Using data collected from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Ex...
Better through BESST

Abstract “One size fits all” has never been true, and neither can one version of training equip trainees with the valuable skills for a variety of science careers. While Ph.D. students and postdocs in the biomedical sciences all have a desire for scientific inquiry and problem solving and refine this skill over many years, additional skill training, such as leadership, project management, effective speaking and writing, etc., will provide young scientists with a competitive advantage for careers inside and outside academia. The NIH BEST Program allowed us to experiment with a variety of skill training options, and their implementation and outcomes are discussed here.
Task-dependent modulation of multi-dimensional human ankle stiffness

Abstract While recent research on controlling an ankle joint of the lower extremity robots that mimic intact human ankle stiffness has gained much attention, this approach is still limited by the fact that modulation of human ankle stiffness is not fully understood yet. This chapter presents a series of our recent efforts to quantify two-dimensional ankle stiffness during various motor tasks including seated, standing, and walking tasks. Robotic devices capable of actuating 2 DOF (degrees-of-freedom) of the ankle, in particular, dorsiflexion-plantarflexion in the sagittal plane and inversion-eversion in the frontal plane, in combination with system identification methods, allowed us to reliably quantify two-dimensional ankle stiffness during static and dynamic tasks that involve a wide range of muscle activation patterns. Our studies have demonstrated that human ankle stiffness modulates in a task-dependent manner, but it is consistently greater in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane. The studies have also confirmed that quantification results in one specific task cannot be directly translated to explain ankle stiffness modulation in other tasks, emphasizing the importance of quantification over various motor tasks. Ultimately, integration of findings observed from a wide range of tasks will allow us to construct a universal ankle stiffness model that better explains task-dependent modulation of multi-dimensional ankle stiffness and provides more reliable information to robotic controllers.
Alcohol Withdrawal Rates in Hospitalized Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is disrupting communities across the globe, causing physical, mental, and financial distress.1 Economic crises have been associated with increased alcohol consumption.2 Necessary public health measures may exacerbate isolation and stress, negatively impacting those who are at risk for harmful alcohol use. Increased alcohol use has been documented in the US and other countries during the pandemic, and a recent study3 has identified associated consequences. Alcohol withdrawal (AW) is a potentially dangerous complication of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in up to 8% of all hospitalized patients with AUD.4 AW has been suspected to worsen after the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders,5 but, to our knowledge, no objective data have been reported in the literature. We hypothesized that AW rates in hospitalized patients with AUD increased during the pandemic and conducted a cohort study at Christiana Care, a large, tertiary care hospital system in Newark, Delaware.
Does Speed Matter? The Association Between Case Processing Time in Juvenile Court and Rearrest:

The present study assessed the relationship between case processing time and rearrest among a sample of first-time juvenile offenders referred to the Florida juvenile justice system and examined th...
Development of The Light-Harvesting Antenna of the Photosystems in Chlorophyll-b Deficient Mutants

Previous work from this laboratory revealed that the organization of the thylakoid membrane in higher plant chloroplasts is highly flexible, undergoing changes in both the stoichiometry and the light-harvesting Chl antenna size of the photosystems in response to environmental and genetic conditions (1). in the present work we addressed the question of the thylakoid membrane response to mutations affecting the biosynthesis and/or assembly of the accessory Chl a/b LH antenna. We compared the Chl antenna size and the stoichiometry of the photosystems in a variety of Chi a/b deficient and wild-type plants. We describe three distinct effects displayed by Chl b deficient mutants on the organization of the photosystems: (a) a lowered functional Chl antenna size for both photosystems; (b) a higher PSII/PSI ratio; (c) substantial distortions in PSII heterogeneity.
Abstract 18647: Comparison of Handheld and Standard Transthoracic Echocardiography in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Handheld echocardiography (HHE) is concordant with standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a variety of clinical settings. Given its bedside availability, using HHE in patients with acute myocardial infarction carries clinical appeal. However, HHE has not been thoroughly compared to traditional TTE in these patients. This study sought to define the diagnostic capability of HHE in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute ST or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Experienced sonographers performed HHE with a V-scan (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). All patients underwent standard TTE as a part of their clinical care. HHE was interpreted by two expert echocardiographers blinded to TTE results. Agreement between HHE and standard TTE was assessed with kappa statistics for categorical variables and correlation coefficients for continuous variables. Results: Analysis included 82 pat...
Scientific visualization as an interpretive and expressive medium

As a powerful technique for the visual representation of complex data, scientific visualization offers the potential to help secondary school science students learn through active inquiry. Over a period of several years, we have been conducting research in the design of scientific visualization environments that support inquiry-based learning. The goal is to support students in a multi-stage learning process that culminates in open-ended research projects. In the early stages, learners should gain familiarity with scientific visualization techniques and the phenomena depicted. In the later stages, students conduct investigations that use scientific visualization techniques to explore open-ended questions. Through the process of conducting inquiry with scientific visualization students can gain an understanding of its usefulness for originating and answering scientific questions.
Sampling stochasticity leads to overestimation of extinction risk in population viability analysis

Which method should be used for estimating extinction risk? We present four separate estimates of extinction risk for the threatened pine lily (Lilium catesbaei Walter), based on two methods of estimating abundance (direct abundance counts and Jolly–Seber abundance estimates) and two methods of estimating extinction risk (direct simulation of the stochastic exponential growth (SEG) model, and the diffusion approximation). We compare the accuracy of these four combinations with a simulated data set where simulated-true population abundance and extinction risk is known. The Jolly–Seber method of abundance estimation in combination with direct estimation of extinction risk is the least biased combination of the four methods tested. We conclude that Jolly–Seber (or other mark-recapture) estimates should be used in combination with direct simulation of the SEG, when sampling error is expected. For the pine lily, we conclude that risk of extinction is low in the population studied.
Patterns of union formation among urban minority youth in the United States.

Since 1990, several large surveys of sexual behavior have been conducted. In addition to collecting general information on sexual histories, such as number of partners in the previous year and whether subjects ever used condoms, these studies collected information on sexual behavior with specific partners, or “partnerships.” The data are useful both for testing of substantive hypotheses about the determinants of behavior as well as for disease transition modeling. The objective of this paper is to use partnership histories to describe the union formation patterns of low-income youth living in Detroit. Data from the partnership histories will be used to illustrate the types of statistics that can be generated from these histories. Data will be presented on the number and types of unions (married/cohabiting, “knew well,” “casual”), the frequency and duration of these unions, the types of intercourse reported in each type of union, the patterns of mixing by age and ethnic group in each type of union, concurrency in unions, and condom use in unions.
Predicting the performance of distributed knowledge-based systems: a modeling approach

A model of a distributed knowledge-based system is presented. The model captures the features specific to those systems, such as alternative paths to the solution, utilization of inexact and/or incomplete knowledge and data, dynamic task creation, complex subproblem dependencies and focusing aspect of problem solving. The model is applied to the analysis of communication policies in a distributed interpretation system. The result of the analysis is the best policy for the given environment and system conditions. Another use of the model as a real-time simulation tool is suggested.
Can fluctuating quantum states acquire the classical behavior on large scale

The quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) equivalent to the Schrodinger equation is generalized to its stochastic version by a systematic technique. On large scale, the quantum stochastic hydrodynamic analogy (QSHA) shows dynamics that under some circumstances may acquire the classical evolution. The QSHA puts in evidence that in presence of spatially distributed noise the quantum pseudo-potential restores the quantum behavior on a distance shorter than the correlation length of fluctuations (named here lc) of the quantum wave function modulus. The quantum mechanics is achieved in the deterministic limit when lc tends to infinity with respect to the scale of the problem. When the physical length of the problem is of order or larger than lc, the quantum potential may have a finite range of efficacy maintaining the non-local behavior on a distance lL (named here "quantum non-locality length") depending both by the noise amplitude and by the inter-particle strength of interaction. In the deterministic limit (quantum mechanics) the model shows that the "quantum non-locality length" lLalso becomes infinite. The QSHA unveils that in linear systems fluctuations are not sufficient to break the quantum non-locality showing that lL is infinite even if lc is finite.
The Effect of Educational Disequilibrium in Field Work on Graduate Social Work Students' Self-Concept and Mental Health

The author used a mixed methods design to assess field work-related educational disequilibrium and its effect on the self-concept and mental health of MSW students. Twenty-eight advanced, fourth-semester MSW students were compared with 37 entering, first-semester MSW students in practice-related sense of accomplishment. Compared with first-year students, second-year students reported a lower sense of accomplishment, which, in turn, explained their lower self-esteem and higher depressive symptoms. In addition, qualitative data revealed their field work-related struggles with incompetence caused by inexperience. Implications for social work education are discussed.