cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological status of children treated for brain tumors: A critical review and integrative analysis

The literature on the neuropsychological status of children with primary brain tumors was reviewed to identify English-language publications reporting the results of standardized, quantitative measures of patient function. The 22 studies that met these review criteria, representing 544 patients, were evaluated to assess the relationship between traditional risk factors (age at diagnosis, tumor location, radiation therapy, and time since completion of treatment), as well as subsequent intellectual development, academic achievement, psychosocial adjustment, and neuropsychological status. The impact of other potentially salient factors, such as seizures and sensory and motor deficits, was evaluated when possible. Despite inconsistent reporting of demographic and treatment-related effects across studies which precluded formal meta-analysis, we were able to confirm the primary importance of radiation therapy volume and age at treatment on IQ. No effects were detected for tumor location. Younger children treated with cranial (whole brain) irradiation showed a 14-point deficit in IQ as compared with their older counterparts. No significant differences were noted between older children receiving local or cranial irradiation, although both groups had IQ levels 12–14 points lower than those not irradiated. The high-risk groups identified in this study require increased clinical surveillance. Definitive evaluation of potential risk factors for neuropsychological impairment will depend on more complete reporting of relevant patient characteristics and interinstitutional studies. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Overutilization of shoulder magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic screening tool in patients with chronic shoulder pain

This was a retrospective study of 101 consecutive patients (104 shoulders) with chronic, atraumatic shoulder pain who were evaluated by a fellowship-trained shoulder specialist. The patients were assessed with a complete history, physical examination, plain radiographs, Simple Shoulder Test, and visual analog scores of pain, shoulder function, and quality of life. Forty-one percent of the shoulders presented with shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data analysis was performed to determine the effect of pre-evaluation MRI on patient treatment and outcome. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, affected shoulder, insurance status, mechanism of injury, comorbid conditions, range of motion, treatment, initial outcome parameter assessments, or improvement of outcomes between the patients who had pre-evaluation MRI and those who did not. The majority of the pre-evaluation MRI scans had no impact on the outcome. Routine pre-evaluation with MRI does not appear to have a significant effect on the treatment or outcome and should not be used as a screening tool for atraumatic shoulder pain before a comprehensive clinical evaluation of the shoulder.
Kinship and Deep History: Exploring Connections between Culture Areas, Genes, and Languages

Large-scale geographic variation in kinship systems may have deep roots. A number of authors now argue for an "emerging synthesis," with genetic, linguistic, and archeological findings coming together to paint a consistent picture of large-scale population spreads in prehistory. This article explores a social structural dimension of this synthesis: Major culture areas based on variation in kinship systems correspond closely—yet not perfectly—to genetic and linguistic clusters identified by other researchers. Thus it may be possible to reconstruct: (1) a set of "primary" culture areas corresponding to major population blocs and associated with ancient demic expansions and parallel transmission of genes and culture, and (2) a smaller set of overlying "secondary" culture areas of more recent origin that do not map onto genetic subdivisions and result from changes in subsistence or political economy independent of large-scale demic expansions. I also review latitudinal variation in kinship systems. [Keywords: culture areas, demic expansions, kinship (prehistory), protolanguages]
Controller hardware-in-the-loop validation for a 10 MVA ETO-based STATCOM for wind farm application

This paper reports experimental validation of a Static Synchronous Compensation (STATCOM) by controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) testing with a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The controller is designed and developed for a 10 MVA STATCOM for voltage regulation at the PCC of a 50 MW wind farm connected to a 69kV utility grid. Emitter Turn-off (ETO) thyristors are switching devices in the multilevel inverter. The STATCOM controller was developed for a cascade multilevel inverter and has been validated on a laboratory test-bench. The CHIL testing of the controller is done with detailed scaled model of the 50 MW wind farm and 69kV utility system. The experimental results from the RTDS for both steady state and dynamic changes in the STATCOM output validate the STATCOM controller design and performance.
Toward an integrative model of professional practice

A review of nursing practice demonstrates repeated attempts to focus on direct professional responsibility to clients, but failure to do so consistently in an effective professional model. The cycles of growth of the profession depict the long-standing subordination of nursing to hospital administration and medicine and suggest that nursing is ready to move into an integrative, collaborative stage of development. A trilevel model of professional practice is proposed, based on differentiated roles for graduate, baccalaureate, and associate degree levels of education. An organizational structure that places nursing clinicians directly responsible to clients would facilitate nursing's response to clients' health concerns whenever and wherever they occur.
Politics of Strategic Decision Making in High-Velocity Environments: Toward a Midrange Theory

How do politics affect the strategic decision processes of top executives in the “high-velocity” microcomputer industry? We induced a midrange theory linking power, politics, and performance from a...
Within- and between-Lake Variability in the Composition of Bacterioplankton Communities: Investigations Using Multiple Spatial Scales

This study examined the similarity of epilimnetic bacterial community composition (BCC) across several within- and among-lake spatial scales, and the environmental factors giving rise to similar bacterial communities in different lakes were also explored. Samples were collected from 13 northern and southern Wisconsin lakes representing gradients in lake size, productivity, dissolved organic carbon and humic acid contents, and pH. Hypotheses regarding patchy distribution of bacterial communities in lakes were tested by comparing samples collected from nearby (tens of meters) and distant (hundreds of meters) sampling sites in the same lake. BCC was characterized by using a molecular fingerprinting technique, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). Overall, samples collected at the 10-m, 100-m, and between-lake scales differed by 13, 17, and 75%, respectively. Variation at these last two scales was significant. The development of within-lake variation in BCC appeared to depend on the isolation of water by lake shoreline features such as bays or narrow constrictions. ARISA profiles from northern lakes had fewer peaks and were less similar to each other than were those of the southern lakes, suggesting that regional features do not necessarily lead to the development of similar bacterial communities. Lakes at similar positions on productivity and dissolved organic carbon concentration gradients had similar bacterial communities, and bacterial diversity was positively correlated with lake productivity and water temperature. Factorial studies taking into account these gradients, as well as regional spatial scales, should provide much insight into the nature of aquatic bacterial biogeography.
Making value-laden decisions under conflict

Optimal decision-making is, prima facie, the first preference of any agent tasked with making choices. But if the demand for optimality requires the decision problem to be modified in an arbitrary and possibly objectionable way, then the effort to obtain an optimal solution may be misplaced. An alternative is to formulate satisficing decisions based upon local, rather than global, performance criteria. Epistemic utility theory provides a criteria-based satisficing decision-making procedure. An essential component of this theory is the notion that agents often make value-laden decisions, and that the informational value of decisions must be explicitly modeled. The assignment of value engenders conflict, however, since decisions may be made, based not only on their credibility, but also on the value ascribed to them. >
Is there a bright future for photonics

Gives a general discussion of the future photonics applications; such as in laser weapons, optical fibre networks, and domestic house applications as in IR motion detectors, and automatic light switches.
A New Era of Protection Against Disability Discrimination? The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 and “Regarded As” Disabled

Several U.S. Supreme Court rulings have substantially narrowed the coverage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) since its passage in 1990. Congress amended the ADA in 2008 to restore the original congressional intent of providing broad coverage for people with disabilities.This article seeks to determine whether the 2008 amendments are a mere technical adjustment of the ADA, or constitute significant legislation in their own right.A review of existing law, resulting regulations, and federal cases reveals that the amendments may promise much but deliver more of the same. Nevertheless, employers are well-advised to renew their efforts to cooperate with applicants and employees with disabilities, if for no other reason than to avoid a costly lawsuit that employers are perhaps now more likely to lose.
White Matter Hyperintensity on Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging A Predictor of Stroke

Background and Purpose— We have previously reported that several “silent” infarcts found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were a risk factor for stroke. Several recent reports have shown that high white matter grade (WMG) and increasing WMG over time were risk factors for stroke. We tested the hypothesis that high WMG ≥2 was a predictor of risk for stroke, independent of other risk factors. Methods— We examined the extent of white matter hyperintensity on cranial MRI of 3293 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). The degree of white matter hyperintensity was graded from least severe (grade=0) to most severe (grade=9). Participants were followed-up for an average of 7 years for the occurrence of a stroke. Clinical stroke diagnoses were based on hospital records reviewed by an adjudication committee expert in stroke diagnosis. During this period, 278 strokes occurred. Results The relative risk of stroke increased significantly as the WMG increased. The risk of stroke was 2.8% per year f...
On the third-order bounds of the effective shear modulus of two-phase composites

Abstract Formulation of variational bounds for properties of inhomogeneous media constitutes one of the most fundamental parts of mechanics. The earliest work on multiphase media is the so-called Voigt’s upper bound and Reuss’ lower bound, corresponding to the simple rule of mixture or first-order bounds. The second-order bounds were formulated by Hashin and Shtrikman for macroscopically isotropic random composites. The third-order bounds of the bulk modulus were derived by Beran, which contain a pair of third-order bulk parameters. The third-order bounds of the shear modulus first derived by McCoy were improved by Milton and Phan-Thien, which further involve a pair of third-order shear parameters. In this study, by applying the stochastic variational principle of Xu (2009) the third-order bounds of the shear modulus are derived in an analytically most extensive trial function space. By further modifying Milton’s definition of shear parameters, the third-order bounds are finalized into a symmetric form, exactly like the Beran’s bounds of the bulk modulus. Since the bounds of the shear modulus play an essential role in plasticity theory of composites, the finalization of the third-order bounds also paves the way for further formulation of variational principles and bounds of nonlinear composites.
When Function Follows Form: Effects of Donor Copolymer Side Chains on Film Morphology and BHJ Solar Cell Performance

Detailed structural organization in organic films are investigated using grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) methods. The key structural features are revealed and the influence of specific side chain positions and shapes are characterized. A correlation between the fill factor (FF) of the corresponding device and the tightness of the polymer chain stacking inspires a new set of structural parameters for design of materials to optimize device efficiency.
Polar Quantization of a Complex Gaussian Random Variable

We solve numerically the optimum fixed-level non-uniform and uniform quantization of a circularly symmetric complex (or bivariate) Gaussian random variable for the mean absolute squared error criterion. For a given number of total levels, we determine its factorization into the product of numbers of magnitude and phase levels that produces the minimum distortion. We tabulate the results for numbers of "useful" output levels up to 1024, giving their optimal factorizations, minimum distortion, and entropy. For uncoded quantizer outputs, we find that the optimal splitting of rate between magnitude and phase, averaging to 1.52 and 1.47 bits more in the phase angle than magnitude for optimum and uniform quantization, respectively, compares well with the optimal polar coding formula Of 1.376 bits of Pearlman and Gray [3]. We also compare the performance of polar to rectangular quantization by real and imaginary parts for both uncoded and coded output levels. We find that, for coded outputs, both polar quantizers are outperformed by the rectangular ones, whose distortion-rate curves nearly coincide with Pearlman and Gray's polar coding bound. For uncoded outputs, however, we determine that the polar quantizers surpass in performance their rectangular counterparts for all useful rates above 6.0 bits for both optimum and uniform quantization. Below this rate, the respective polar quantizers are either slightly inferior or comparable.
High‐resolution shallow‐seismic experiments in sand, Part I: Water table, fluid flow, and saturation

A high‐resolution, very shallow seismic reflection and refraction experiment was conducted to investigate the seismic response of groundwater level changes in beach sand in situ. A fixed 10-m-long receiver array was used for repeated seismic profiling. Direct measurements of water level in a monitoring well and moisture content in the sand were taken as well. The water table in the well changed by about 1 m in slightly delayed response to the nearby ocean tides. In contrast, inversion of the seismic data yielded a totally different picture. The reflection from the water table at high tide appeared at a later time than the reflection at low tide. This unexpected discrepancy can be reconciled using Gassmann’s equation: a low‐velocity layer must exist between the near‐surface dry sand and the deeper and much faster fully saturated sand. This low‐velocity layer coincides with the newly saturated zone and is caused by a combination of the sand’s high density (close to that of fully saturated sand), and its hig...
Noninvasive detection of therapeutic cytolytic T cells with 18F-FHBG PET in a patient with glioma.

The authors present the case of a 57-year-old male who was diagnosed with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme and enrolled in a clinical trial of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. The authors used PET imaging technology to image the T cells non-invasively and report the first case using a non-invasive imaging reporter gene/probe technology. Background A 57-year-old man had been diagnosed with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme and was enrolled in a trial of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. The trial involved infusion of ex vivo expanded autologous cytolytic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), genetically engineered to express the interleukin 13 zetakine gene (which encodes a receptor protein that targets these T cells to tumor cells) and the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1 tk) suicide gene, and PET imaging reporter gene. Investigations MRI, whole-body and brain PET scan with 18F-radiolabelled 9-[4-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (18F–FHBG) to detect CTLs that express HSV1 tk, and safety monitoring after injection of 18F–FHBG. Diagnosis MRI detected grade III–IV glioblastoma multiforme plus two tumors recurrences that developed after resection of the initial tumor. Management Surgical resection of primary glioblastoma tumor, enrollment in CTL therapy trial, reresection of glioma recurrences, infusion of approximately 1 × 109 CTLs into the site of tumor reresection, and 18F–FHBG PET scan to detect infused CTLs.
The Individual Experience of Unemployment

This review describes advances over the past decade in what is known about the individual experience of unemployment, predictors of reemployment, and interventions to speed employment. Research on the impact of unemployment has increased in sophistication, strengthening the causal conclusion that unemployment leads to declines in psychological and physical health and an increased incidence of suicide. This work has elucidated the risk factors and mechanisms associated with experiencing poor psychological health during unemployment; less so for physical health and suicide. Psychologists have begun to contribute to the study of factors associated with reemployment speed and quality. The past decade has especially illuminated the role of social networks and job search intensity in facilitating reemployment. Evidence suggests some individuals, especially members of minority groups, may face discrimination during their job search. Although more work in this arena is needed, several intervention-based programs have been shown to help individuals get back to work sooner.
Prospective Evaluation of a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System in a Hospital Clinical Microbiology Laboratory for Identification of Bacteria and Yeasts: a Bench-by-Bench Study for Assessing the Impact on Time to Identification and Cost-Effectiveness

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been found to be an accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method for the identification of bacteria and yeasts. Previous evaluations have compared the accuracy, time to identification, and costs of the MALDI-TOF MS method against standard identification systems or commercial panels. In this prospective study, we compared a protocol incorporating MALDI-TOF MS (MALDI protocol) with the current standard identification protocols (standard protocol) to determine the performance in actual practice using a specimen-based, bench-by-bench approach. The potential impact on time to identification (TTI) and costs had MALDI-TOF MS been the first-line identification method was quantitated. The MALDI protocol includes supplementary tests, notably for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Shigella, and indications for repeat MALDI-TOF MS attempts, often not measured in previous studies. A total of 952 isolates (824 bacterial isolates and 128 yeast isolates) recovered from 2,214 specimens were assessed using the MALDI protocol. Compared with standard protocols, the MALDI protocol provided identifications 1.45 days earlier on average (P < 0.001). In our laboratory, we anticipate that the incorporation of the MALDI protocol can reduce reagent and labor costs of identification by $102,424 or 56.9% within 12 months. The model included the fixed annual costs of the MALDI-TOF MS, such as the cost of protein standards and instrument maintenance, and the annual prevalence of organisms encountered in our laboratory. This comprehensive cost analysis model can be generalized to other moderate- to high-volume laboratories.
CMOS processor circuit design in Hewlett-Packard's series 700 workstations

A low cost, high performance implementation of Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC 1.1 architecture is described. This chipset is used in HP's 9000 series 700 workstations. The processor consists of two VLSI chips, a CPU and a floating point coprocessor, which are tightly coupled to large, off-chip instruction and data caches accessed at up to 66 MHz. The CPU is implemented in HP's 1.0 mu m CMOS26 technology and the FPC in Texas Instruments' 0.8 mu m EPIC II CMOS. The caches are implemented using standard asynchronous static RAMs. Features added to improve workstation performance in the areas of graphics and floating point are also described. >
Stochastic Variable Theory

Let X(t) be a random function of time t, where t Є [a,b], − ∞ < a < b < ∞ or t Є [a; [),or t Є (−∞, ∞), as the specific case dictates. One way to describe the observable properties of the set of random functions, a.k.a. (also known as) a stochastic variable, is by means of a collection of correlation functions $${C}_{l}({t}_{1}, {t}_{2}, \ldots , {t}_{l})\equiv \langle X ({t}_{1}) X ({t}_{2}) \ldots X ({t}_{l}) \rangle, $$ for all \(l \geq 1\) If the functions in the set {C l } are pointwise defined, then X(l) is called a stochastic process. On the other hand, if the functions in the set are distributional in nature, then X(l is called a generalized stochastic process. We will have occasion to discuss both types.
Backlash and Legitimation: Macro Political Responses to the Supreme Court

Despite evidence of thermostatic public responsiveness to policies created by the elected branches of American government, scholars of public opinion have not generally applied this same model of public opinion to represent the relationship between the Supreme Court and public opinion. Instead, a discreet theory addressing the public’s responses to the Court’s decisions has developed. This theory of legitimation predicts that the Court’s association with powerful symbols of institutional legitimacy will pull Americans’ attitudes toward positions adopted by the Court. This paper develops these theories’ competing predictions about the relationship between Supreme Court decisions and public mood. I assess these rival expectations by modeling the dynamic relationship between mood and cumulative judicial liberalism. The model estimates indicate a complex interaction between the Court and the mass public characterized by short-term backlash against Supreme Court decisions in public mood followed by long-run movement toward the ideological positions taken by the Court.
Luminescent Semiconductor Quantum Dots Nanoassemblies for Bioanalysis

CdS and CdSe luminescent quantum dots (QDs) have been widely investigated for their luminescence properties 1–20. Luminescent QDs show a number of advantages compared to organic fluorophores commonly used in biological applications. QDs exhibit higher photostability than organic dyes. Their emission band is size dependent due to quantum confinement effects. For example, 3 nm CdSe QDs emit green light while 6 nm CdSe QDs emit red light. It is therefore possible to prepare a series of solutions showing different emission colors by using only one type of semiconductor material. The emission spectra of semiconductor QDs are symmetric and sharp with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) as narrow as 30 nm. On the other hand, emission spectra of organic dyes are asymmetric and broad. This precludes the simultaneous use of several organic dyes to analyze multi-analyte samples due to overlap between their broad emission peaks. Luminescent semiconductor QDs have a wide excitation spectrum which enable the excitation of QDs of different size with a single excitation wavelength. In contrast, multiple excitation wavelengths are needed to simultaneously excite several organic fluorophores. Recognizing their potential bioanalytical researchers have recently applied luminescent QDs as biological labels 21–26, selective ions probes 27 and luminescent gas sensors 28.
Harvesting, Storing, and Post-Harvest Management of Soybeans

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the systems and procedures for harvesting, drying, handling, and storing Soybeans (SB). These operations are interdependent and all must be carried out correctly so that the quantity and quality of the soybeans are as high as is practicable when the crop is marketed and processed. The chapter presents some recommendations for harvesting, drying, handling, and storing soybeans, along with some history, recent developments, and trends for the future. The most important property of soybeans associated with their harvesting, drying, handling, and storing is moisture content. Soybean moisture content is defined assuming soybeans consist of two components: water and dry matter. Wet-basis moisture contents are used in the grain trade and in most other instances. Dry-basis moisture contents are sometimes used in research, especially related to the drying process. The chapter highlights that all moisture contents stated in the chapter are on wet basis.
Models of Specific Neural Networks

This chapter describes various selected models for certain prominent networks of the vertebrate brain. We have not attempted to provide an exhaustive or comprehensive coverage of vertebrate networks or even of models for those networks considered. However, the collection of models contained here can be considered representative of the state of the art in this area generally.
The Ongoing Assessment of the Technical Condition of Avionic Hydraulic Drives on the Basis of Information Received from Means for Unbiased Flight Control of Aircrafts

During the ongoing operation of the hydraulic system you need a drive control information capable of maintaining fitness. Existing methods for assessing the technical condition of the hydraulic system require dismantling the hydraulic units and their research on test rigs. These methods are expensive, time consuming and do not provide a quick assessment of the technical condition. The aim of the study is to present the possibilities of using the evaluation of technical aviation hydraulic drive method which involves the use of objective information from the aircraft's flight control. In the proposed method, the carrier of information to the ongoing evaluation of the technical condition of the hydraulic system aviation as a whole is the pressure prevailing in it. With pressure and its features is inextricably bound up time. This relationship may be obtained directly from the objective flight control of the aircraft. The greatest credibility and the diagnostic value of two control parameters are obtained from the flight control objective. The first time the air pressure drop in the hydraulic drive from the top to the bottom of the measured value of the measured value after switching off the power unit. The second time the pressure falls below a certain value, and its return to the values ​​of the movement during the hydraulic motor. The method enables the ongoing assessment of the technical condition of the hydraulic system is a fast and costless.
“Delfina, ¡más tacos!”: Food, Culture and Motherhood in Denise Chávez'sA Taco Testimony

This paper offers a discussion of A Taco Testimony: Meditations on Family, Food, and Culture, the memoir by Chicana writer Denise Chavez. I argue that Chavez experiences the act of eating and preparing Mexican food as a critique of racism and as a way for her to assert her Mexicanidad or “Mexicanness.” More importantly, it is her mother's food that instills Chavez with pride in her ethnic heritage, providing her with the tools necessary to critique and resist various forms of oppression that she faces as a Chicana. As the paper explains, the food provided by Delfina Rede Faver Chavez feeds her daughter's political consciousness. Chavez's memoir is very recent, yet as I discuss, much food scholarship has not extensively studied the contributions made by Chicana writers.
Oxygen modulates surfactant protein mRNA expression and phospholipid production in human fetal lung in vitro.

We studied the effect of 20-95% O2 on mRNA levels for the surfactant-associated proteins (SP)-A, SP-B, and SP-C and [3H]choline incorporation into total phosphatidylcholine and type II cell-specifi...
AGE AS A PREDICTOR OF RHEUMATIC MITRAL VALVE PHENOTYPE IN FEMALES UNDERGOING MITRAL VALVE SURGERY

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common cause of valvular heart disease in the developing world and a major global public health challenge. We examined age as a predictor of rheumatic mitral valve (MV) phenotype in the female mitral valve surgical population. All patients with clinically
Measurements of Absorption Coefficients in Znse by Automated Laser Calorimetry

An automated measuring apparatus based on the thermocouple laser calorimetry is developed. The absorption coefficients of CVD Zn Se specimens are measured with this technique. The accuracy is within ±5% and a measurent is completed in less than 10 minutes. The total absorption is resolved into bulk absorption and surface one having approximately 8×10-4cm-1 and 2×10-4/surface respectively. The absorption coefficients increase up to the level of 10-2-10-1cm-1 owing to pore defects and/or powder defects. The dependence of absorption coefficient on the measurement's position is observed and the absorption coefficients are found to be almost uniform in case of non-defect disk shaped specimen.
Cooperative transition metal/Lewis acid bond-activation reactions by a bidentate (boryl)iminomethane complex: a significant metal-borane interaction promoted by a small bite-angle LZ chelate.

The synthesis of a three-coordinate Pt–borane complex featuring a bidentate “LZ” (boryl)iminomethane (BIM) ligand is reported. Unlike other LZ-type borane ligands featuring a single-donor buttress, the small bite angle enforced by the BIM ligand is shown to promote a significant metal–borane reverse-dative σ-interaction akin to multiply strapped metalloboratranes. The steric accessibility of the reactive Pt → B bond fostered by the BIM ligand allows for a rich reactivity profile toward small molecules that exploit metal–borane cooperative effects. The unligated (boryl)iminomethane BIM is also synthetically accessible and functions as a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP). The ability of the free BIM to effect bond activation reactions is contrasted with the behavior seen in the corresponding platinum-bound complexes.
Organizing across Difference and across Campus Cross-class Coalition and Worker Mobilization in a Living Wage Campaign

The authors analyze the practices and internal dynamics of a living wage campaign (LWC) at a liberal arts university to evaluate its implications for low-wage workers' social and economic justice struggles. A vibrant coalition among faculty members, students, and staff members demonstrated the complexities of organizing across racial, class, and status differences when participants hold different stakes. The campaign's diverse membership was its greatest strength and challenge, as campaigners brought with them key resources but also divergent understandings of the LWC's meaning and ultimate goals. Although the LWC's efforts at engaging in participative decision making, building relationships, and developing compatible frameworks of meaning created a culture of solidarity that invigorated the movement despite multiple obstacles, they were not sustainable. The campaign's dissolution and ultimate reformation as a union with a very different culture and practice raises questions about the strengths and limita...
Effect of antiserum on the attachment of modified erythrocytes to normal or to trypsinized macrophages.

SummaryExposure of glutaraldehyde-treated red cells (GRC) to anti-red cell serum or to immune IgG increased their attachment to mouse peritoneal macrophages in saline medium. GRC treated with antibody also attached to trypsinized macrophages under conditions where the attachment of untreated GRC was very low. Use of nonimmune serum or of nonimmune IgG, as well as absorption experiments showed that the effect of anti-serum was due to antibody. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that different receptors are involved in the attachment to macrophages of GRC that have or have not been treated with antibody.
Insertion of perilipin 3 into a glycero(phospho)lipid monolayer depends on lipid headgroup and acyl chain species

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that contribute to various cellular functions that are vital for life. Aside from acting as a neutral lipid storage depot, they are also involved in building new membranes, synthesis of steroid hormones, and cell signaling. Many aspects of LD structure and function are not yet well-understood. Here we investigate the interaction of perilipin 3, a member of the perilipin family of LD binding proteins, and three N-terminal truncation mutants with lipid monolayers. The interaction is studied as a function of surface pressure for a series of systematically chosen lipids. We find that the C terminus of perilipin 3 has different insertion behavior from that of the longer truncation mutants and the full-length protein. Inclusion of N-terminal sequences with the C terminus decreases the ability of the protein construct to insert in lipid monolayers. Coupling of anionic lipids to negative spontaneous curvature facilitates protein interaction and insertion. The C terminus shows strong preference for lipids with more saturated fatty acids. This work sheds light on the LD binding properties and function of the different domains of perilipin 3.
The effect of chronic uremia on intestinal mitochondrial activity.

Abstract Mitochondria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of rats with experimentally induced uremia of 5 weeks duration and their ability to accumulate and release 45 Ca and inorganic phosphate (Pi) was determined. When compared to pair-fed control animals, 45 Ca uptake and release were significantly impaired in the intestinal mitochondria of uremic animals whereas Pi release was unaltered. These changes were associated with a decrease in the respiratory control ratio of intestinal mitochondria of uremic animals and significant decrements in both State 3 and State 4 respiratory states. The accumulated data are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic uremia leads to a decrease in electron transport as well as in oxidative phosphorylation of intestinal mitochondria.
Selected publication trends in JEAB: Implications for the vitality of the experimental analysis of behavior

To provide some insight into the current vitality of the experimental analysis of behavior, we updated and extended an analysis by R. A. Williams and Buskist (1983) of selected trends in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Specifically, the number of articles published and the percentage of those articles that were empirical, the number of different affiliations of authors and number of articles per affiliation, the types of subjects used in empirical articles, and the topics investigated were analyzed for the years 1958 through 1999. Although several trends may point to a decline in the overall well-being of the experimental analysis of behavior, they may also be interpreted as signs of progress for the field.
Conformational Study of [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon-NH2 by 2D-NMR Spectroscopy in the Presence of Perdeuterated Dodecylphosphocholine

Many peptide hormones are extremely flexible, and thus, possess many different conformations in solution. Therefore, a deep knowledge of the conformational behavior of these peptides is beneficial to understanding their biological activity. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone that is secreted by the α-cells of the pancreas, and interacts with specific receptors located in various organs, especially the liver and fat cells. Its primary function is to initiate glucose production by stimulating glycogenosis and gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes and lipolysis in adipocytes. The observation of higher levels of glucagon in diabetic patients [1] suggests a potential use of glucagon antagonists as therapeutics. Therefore, several glucagon antagonists have been developed in order to evaluate the role of glucagon in diabetes mellitus [2–4]. Among them, [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon-NH2 [5] clearly demonstrated potent antagonist activity without any partial agonism even at extremely high concentrations [6]. While it has been demonstrated by X-ray crystallography that the enhanced biological activity may have resulted from an extended helical conformation in the C-terminal region of the superagonist, [Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon [7], it is not clear why modifications at the N-terminal region converts glucagon into an antagonist. Therefore, 2D-NMR technique were used in this study to examine the conformation of the glucagon antagonist, [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon-NH2.
Holographic microscopy and microfluidics platform for measuring wall stress and 3D flow over surfaces textured by micro-pillars.

Understanding how fluid flow interacts with micro-textured surfaces is crucial for a broad range of key biological processes and engineering applications including particle dispersion, pathogenic infections and drag manipulation by surface topology. We use high-speed digital holographic microscopy (DHM) in combination with a correlation based de-noising algorithm to overcome the optical interference generated by surface roughness and to capture a large number of 3D particle trajectories in a microfluidic channel with one surface patterned with micropillars. It allows us to obtain a 3D ensembled velocity field with an uncertainty of 0.06% and 2D wall shear stress distribution at the resolution of ~65 μPa. Contrary to laminar flow in most microfluidics, we find that the flow is three-dimensional and complex for the textured microchannel. While the micropillars affect the velocity flow field locally, their presence is felt globally in terms of wall shear stresses at the channel walls. These findings imply that micro-scale mixing and wall stress sensing/manipulation can be achieved through hydro-dynamically smooth but topologically rough micropillars.
POSTER: Fly-Over: A Light-Weight Distributed Power-Gating Mechanism For Energy-Efficient Networks-on-Chip

Reducing static NoC power consumption is becoming critical for energy-efficient computing as technology scales down since NoCs are devouring a large fraction of the on-chip power budget. We propose Fly-Over (FLOV), a light-weight distributed mechanism for power-gating routers. With simple modifications to the baseline router architecture, FLOV links are facilitated over power-gated routers. A Handshake protocol that allows seamless router power-gating in addition to a dynamic routing algorithm, that provides best-effort minimal path without the necessity for global network information, maintain normal NoC functionality. We evaluate our schemes using synthetic workloads as well as real workloads from PARSEC 2.1 benchmark suite. The results show that FLOV can achieve on average 19.2% latency reduction and 15.9% total energy savings.
ImmuneDB: a system for the analysis and exploration of high-throughput adaptive immune receptor sequencing data.

Summary: As high-throughput sequencing of B cells becomes more common, the need for tools to analyze the large quantity of data also increases. This article introduces ImmuneDB, a system for analyzing vast amounts of heavy chain variable region sequences and exploring the resulting data. It can take as input raw FASTA/FASTQ data, identify genes, determine clones, construct lineages, as well as provide information such as selection pressure and mutation analysis. It uses an industry leading database, MySQL, to provide fast analysis and avoid the complexities of using error prone flat-files. Availability and Implementation: ImmuneDB is freely available at http://immunedb.com A demo of the ImmuneDB web interface is available at: http://immunedb.com/demo Contact: Uh25@drexel.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Future of Water: Prospects and Challenges for Water Management in the 21st Century

Abstract Water is the driver of nature and its availability and quality often constitute a limit on economic development and human welfare. Because of this primacy, the task of providing water in sufficient quantity and acceptable quality to the world's human population while assuring its availability for future needs constitutes one of the preeminent challenges of the 21st century. As the chapters in this book show, the challenges are numerous and widely cited. Globally, around 750 million people, most living in developing countries, lack access to safe drinking water, 2.5 billion lack adequate sanitation, and 842,000 people still die annually because of diarrhea from contaminated water sources [World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (WHO/JMP), 2015]. These challenges are real and tragic, and ongoing efforts, such as the Strategic Development Goals of the United Nations Development Program, must be sustained until they are resolved. This chapter examines three questions likely to confront future water resources management, namely: Should water resources managers attempt to satisfy demand for water or curtail it? What is the economic status and value of water? What is the risk of future megadroughts caused by climate change? Question one is addressed by reviewing the changing paradigms in water resources management, especially the emerging concept of water soft path. To address question two, we examine the contested economic proposition of the uniqueness of water. Finally, question three is reviewed through the risk of future megadroughts as well as the real life experiment of the current California drought. These questions are illustrative of both the scope and complexity of future water resources challenges.
Rigorous evaluation of a pregnancy prevention program for American Indian youth and adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

American Indian adolescents have one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy and repeat teen births in the US. Substance use is a significant risk factor for unprotected sex, and American Indian adolescents have the highest substance use-related morbidity and mortality of any US racial group. Despite these disparities, there are no existing, evidence-based programs for pregnancy prevention that have been rigorously evaluated among American Indian teens. The proposed study is a randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health program developed in partnership with an American Indian community. Participants will be American Indians ages 11–19 and their parent or trusted adult, randomized to receive the control condition or intervention called Respecting the Circle of Life: Mind, Body and Spirit. The intervention includes eight lessons delivered to self-selected peer groups during a summer basketball camp and one lesson delivered to the youth and parent/trusted adult together within 3 months after camp. All lessons are administered by trained community health workers from the participating American Indian community. Youth and parent/trusted adult participants will complete assessments at baseline, 3, 9, 12, 24 and 36 months post-intervention completion. The primary outcome variables are sexual/reproductive health knowledge, sexual initiation, condom use self-efficacy and intent to use a condom at next sex as changed from baseline to post-intervention between intervention and control participants. Selected primary outcomes are applicable to all study participants. Currently there are no sexual and reproductive health programs designed specifically for American Indian youth that have been rigorously evaluated and found to have an evidence base. Respecting the Circle of Life is highly innovative by incorporating lesson delivery into a summer basketball camp and involving parents or other trusted adults in curriculum administration. If found successful, it will be the first evidence-based program for teen pregnancy prevention for American Indian youth and adolescents. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02904629 . Retrospectively registered on 23 September 2016.
A Cross-modal Review of Indicators for Depression Detection Systems

Automatic detection of depression has attracted increasing attention from researchers in psychology, computer science, linguistics, and related disciplines. As a result, promising depression detection systems have been reported. This paper surveys these efforts by presenting the first cross-modal review of depression detection systems and discusses best practices and most promising approaches to this task.
A DWM-Based Stack Architecture Implementation for Energy Harvesting Systems

Energy harvesting systems tend to use non-volatile processors to conduct computation under intermittent power supplies. While previous implementations of non-volatile processors are based on register architectures, stack architecture, known for its simplicity and small footprint, seems to be a better fit for energy harvesting systems. In this work, Domain Wall Memory (DWM) is used to implement ZPU, the world’s smallest working CPU. Not only does DWM offer ultra-high density and SRAM-comparable access latency, but the sequential access structure of DWM also makes it well suited for a stack whose accesses display high temporal locality. As the performance and energy of DWM are determined by the number of shift operations performed to access the stack, this paper further reduces shift operations through novel data placement and micro-code transformation optimizations. The impact of compiler optimization techniques on the number of shift operations is also investigated so as to select the most effective optimizations for DWM-based stack machine. Experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed DWM-based stack architectures in improving the performance and energy-efficiency of energy harvesting systems.
Persistent drought monitoring using a microfluidic-printed electro-mechanical sensor of stomata in planta

Stomatal function can be used effectively to monitor plant hydraulics, photosensitivity, and gas exchange. Current approaches to measure single stomatal aperture, such as mold casting or fluorometric techniques, do not allow real time or persistent monitoring of the stomatal function over timescales relevant for long term plant physiological processes, including vegetative growth and abiotic stress. Herein, we utilize a nanoparticle-based conducting ink that preserves stomatal function to print a highly stable, electrical conductometric sensor actuated by the stomata pore itself, repeatedly and reversibly for over 1 week. This stomatal electro-mechanical pore size sensor (SEMPSS) allows for real-time tracking of the latency of single stomatal opening and closing times in planta, which we show vary from 7.0 ± 0.5 to 25.0 ± 0.5 min for the former and from 53.0 ± 0.5 to 45.0 ± 0.5 min for the latter in Spathiphyllum wallisii. These values are shown to correlate with the soil water potential and the onset of the wilting response, in quantitative agreement with a dynamic mathematical model of stomatal function. A single stoma of Spathiphyllum wallisii is shown to distinguish between incident light intensities (up to 12 mW cm−2) with temporal latency slow as 7.0 ± 0.5 min. Over a seven day period, the latency in opening and closing times are stable throughout the plant diurnal cycle and increase gradually with the onset of drought. The monitoring of stomatal function over long term timescales at single stoma level will improve our understanding of plant physiological responses to environmental factors.