cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fas-Induced Apoptosis Increases Hepatocyte Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Hepatocyte (HPC) apoptosis occurs in association with hepatotoxic responses and chronic liver disease, and is coupled to activation of the blood coagulation cascade. HPCs have been shown to express tissue factor (TF), the primary activator of blood coagulation, in a form that lacks procoagulant activity. In this study, we determined the effect of inducing HPC apoptosis on the procoagulant activity of TF. Treatment of primary mouse HPCs with the Fas death receptor agonist (anti-CD95 antibody, Jo2) triggered apoptosis as shown by cleavage of caspase-3, increased caspase-3 proteolytic activity, and cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Jo2-induced apoptosis significantly increased TF-dependent factor Xa generation by HPCs. Moreover, Jo2 treatment was associated with increased levels of microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity in the culture medium. Pretreatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor significantly reduced Jo2-induced HPC TF activity and prevented the increase in microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity. Application of the high-affinity PS-binding protein lactadherin inhibited TF-dependent factor Xa generation by Jo2-treated HPCs and dramatically reduced microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity. Treatment of wild-type mice with a sublethal dose of Jo2 was associated with a robust increase in the activation of coagulation as measured by plasma thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels; whereas mice with liver-specific TF deficiency had significantly lower TAT levels. Overall, the results indicate that Fas-initiated, caspase-3-dependent HPC apoptosis increases TF procoagulant activity through a mechanism involving PS externalization. This suggests that activation of liver TF likely contributes to the procoagulant state associated with HPC apoptosis in liver toxicity and disease.
Heuristics and Criterion Setting during Selective Encoding in Visual Decision-Making: Evidence from Eye Movements

When making a decision, people spend longer looking at the option they ultimately choose compared other options-termed the gaze bias effect-even during their first encounter with the options (Glaholt & Reingold, 2009a, 2009b; Schotter, Berry, McKenzie & Rayner, 2010). Schotter et al. (2010) suggested that this is because people selectively encode decision-relevant information about the options, on-line during the first encounter with them. To extend their findings and test this claim, we recorded subjects' eye movements as they made judgments about pairs of images (i.e., which one was taken more recently or which one was taken longer ago). We manipulated whether both images were presented in the same color content (e.g., both in color or both in black-and-white) or whether they differed in color content and the extent to which color content was a reliable cue to relative recentness of the images. We found that the magnitude of the gaze bias effect decreased when the color content cue was not reliable during the first encounter with the images, but no modulation of the gaze bias effect in remaining time on the trial. These data suggest people do selectively encode decision-relevant information on-line.
Translating science into policy: Using ecosystem thresholds to protect resources in Rocky Mountain National Park

Concern over impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, has prompted the National Park Service, the State of Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, the Environmental Protection Agency, and interested stakeholders to collaborate in the Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative, a process to address these impacts. The development of a nitrogen critical load for park aquatic resources has provided the basis for a deposition goal to achieve resource protection, and parties to the Initiative are now discussing strategies to meet that goal by reducing air pollutant emissions that contribute to nitrogen deposition in the Park. Issues being considered include the types and locations of emissions to be reduced, the timeline for emission reductions, and the impact of emission reductions from programs already in place. These strategies may serve as templates for addressing ecosystem impacts from deposition in other national parks.
EFFECT OF VARIABILITY OF BOGUS FEEDBACK AND CONTINGENCY OF REWARD ON SELF-REINFORCEMENT AND SELF-PUNISHMENT

Sztmmary.-This study tested the prediction that variability of bogus feedback and contingency of reward would produce divergent causal ascriptions which would differentially affect self-reinforcement and self-punishment. While conditions did not lead to differential causal attributions, variabiliry of feedback reduced self-reinforcement but did not affect self-punishment. History of contingent reward resulted in less self-punishment than non-contingent reward but had no effect on self-reinforcement. Self-evaluation, self-reinforcement, and self-punishment were not related to causal attributions. Thus, subjects appeared to respond directly to information about feedback and configurations of reward rather than to the expected causal attributions. Self-regulation theory (Kanfer, 1971, 1975) posits that behavior chains may be maintained in the absence of ultimate, external support by a three-stage process of self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. Specifically, when, for some reason, environmental support is lacking and behavior chains fail to run smoothly, the process of self-monitoring is hypothesized to go into effect (Kanfer & Karoly, 1972). During this self-monitoring phase, the individual processes proprioceptive, sensory, and affective response-feedback cues. The individual then compares these response feedback cues with a previously established subjective performance criterion and judges whether his performance was better than, less than, or equal to this performance criterion. Based on the outcome of the comparison, the individual either positively or negatively reinforces himself. It is hypothesized that the criteria for self-reinforcement are based on the subject's history of external reinforcement and exposure to social comparison norms. However, there is some controversy over whether the criterion for self-reinforcement administration may be modified by the subject's causal attribution of performance. While earlier studies have generally focused on the effect of causal attribution on the judging and rewarding of another person, some attention has been devoted to its effect on self-reinforcement. For example, Weiner, Frieze, Kukla, Reed, Rest, and Rosenbaum (1971) examined administration of reward as .a function .of causal atuibutions for success and failure in terms of four factors: effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty. They found that subjects gave the greatest amount of reward when they perceived success due to effort, less
Major limb amputation and the relevance of osteopathic manipulative medicine in management

Major limb amputation, traumatically or nontraumatically induced, is a major life-changing event, often precipitating chronic pain, dysfunction, and altered self-image. This article explores the relevance of osteopathic manipulative treatment in management of the patient with major limb amputation, using the lower limb as an example and focusing primarily on issues related to gait and psychological independence.
Risk, Loss and Liability in the Transportation of Hazardous Materials

This paper analyzes the theories of liability that are relevant to the business of transporting hazardous materials. I shall set those theories in their functional environment, of which they are creatures, and shall also describe them against the background of the policies that undergird them. I shall then explore the implications of liability rules for transportation of hazardous materials, and conclude with some observations, relevant to the particular subject, on the role of liability rules in society.
Critiquing Community Engagement

Universities increasingly cast themselves as engaged institutions committed to building collaborative relationships with community-based stakeholders. Although promoted in terms of empowerment, community engagement can reproduce or accentuate problematic social relations. This qualitative case study of a campus—community partnership provides a critical analysis of community engagement. The data reveal how the ambiguities of “community,” including the politics associated with defining and representing local groups, complicate these initiatives. The analysis extends existing conceptualizations of community and community engagement by (a) illustrating how a campus/community divide serves as a rich source of critique and (b) demonstrating the need to reshape community engagement around a critical understanding of community and community representation. In addition to these contributions, this study provides a set of guidelines for future community engagement efforts.
‘More than just a music’: conservative Christian anti-rock discourse and the U.S. culture wars

Scholarship on the moral panics around rock music has long focused on racial fears and anxieties about a youth culture that might escape societal control, but little serious attention has been paid to the conservative Christian anti-rock discourse that surfaced publicly in the United States in the 1960s. This article addresses that gap by situating this construction of rock as an inherently evil corrupting force for 'traditional' religious, family, and national values within a larger cultural context, and arguing that it illuminates the rise of contemporary conservative morality politics in the U.S. Not merely the ravings of a few extremists, this discourse represents a worldview and rhetorical mode that was once widespread within a small religious subculture but has since developed—together with the social and cultural power of that subculture—into one of the central political frames of contemporary American life, helping lay the groundwork for today's culture wars.
Topic Avoidance in Developing Romantic Relationships Associations with Intimacy and Relational Uncertainty

Recent work, recognizing that topic avoidance embodies issues central to the field of interpersonal communication, has called for a better understanding of how topic avoidance corresponds with relationship progression. The authors employ a model of relationship development to deduce predictions about how topic avoidance may coincide with intimacy and relational uncertainty. They attend to topic avoidance in terms of the number of topics people avoid and the outcomes they anticipate from communicating about those avoided topics. They report a cross-sectional study in which 216 individuals identified and evaluated topics they avoid within a romantic relationship. With some exceptions, results supported hypotheses predicting that (a) intimacy and topic avoidance share a convex curvilinear association, (b) relational uncertainty and topic avoidance share a positive association, and (c) relational uncertainty mediates the association between intimacy and topic avoidance. They discuss how their findings illumin...
Right Spectrum and Trace Formula of Subnormal Tuples of Operators of Finite Type

This paper studies pure subnormal k-tuples of operators \(\mathbb{S} = (S_{1} , \ldots ,S_{k} )\) with finite rank of self-commutators. It determines the substantial part of the conjugate of the joint point spectrum of \(\mathbb{S}^{ * } = {\left( {S^{ * }_{1} , \ldots ,S^{ * }_{k} } \right)}\) which is the union of domains in Riemann surfaces in some algebraic varieties in \(\mathbb{C}^{k} .\) The concrete form of the principal current [4] related to \(\mathbb{S}\) is also determined. Besides, some operator identities are found for \(\mathbb{S}.\)
Superoxide Anion From the Adventitia of the Rat Thoracic Aorta Inactivates Nitric Oxide

The purpose of this study was to determine whether superoxide anion is produced endogenously in the rat aortic adventitia and whether sufficient superoxide anion is produced to interfere with the response of the rat aorta to nitric oxide. Relaxation was measured in rings of the rat thoracic aorta, which were oriented so that the adventitial or luminal surface could be preferentially exposed to nitric oxide or sodium nitroprusside. To accomplish this, the rings were mounted (1) with the adventitia facing outward, (2) with the adventitia facing inward after inverting, or (3) with the adventitia facing outward after inverting twice (to control for the inverting procedure). The relaxation to nitric oxide, but not to sodium nitroprusside, was less in rings with the adventitia facing outward compared with those in which it faced inward. In contrast, the response to nitric oxide via either surface was similar when extracellular superoxide anion was scavenged with superoxide dismutase. Incubation of rings with nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) resulted in blue formazan staining of the adventitia, and lucigenin chemiluminescence was significantly greater when detected from the adventitial compared with the intimal aspect of the artery. The reduction of NBT in intact aortic rings was 30+/-2 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) and was significantly decreased by superoxide dismutase to 19+/-2 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) and by a synthetic superoxide dismutase mimic, Euk-8, to 11+/-2 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1). The NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium, decreased NBT reduction to 9+/-1 pmol x min(-1) x mg(-1), whereas inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial oxidases, and nitric oxide synthase were ineffective. Immunohistochemical staining indicated the localization of NADPH oxidase proteins gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox almost exclusively in the adventitia of the rat aorta with no substantial staining in the media. These results indicate that NADPH oxidase located in the adventitia of rat thoracic aorta generates sufficient extracellular superoxide anion to constitute a barrier capable of inactivating nitric oxide. This study suggests that adventitial superoxide anion can play a role in the pathophysiology of the arterial wall.
The dwarf galaxy population of the Coma cluster to MR=−11: a detailed description

We present the luminosity function and measurements of the scalelengths, colours and radial distribution of dwarf galaxies in the Coma cluster down to R=24. Our survey area is 674 arcmin2; this is the deepest and most detailed survey covering such a large area. Our measurements agree with those of most previous authors at bright and intermediate magnitudes. The new results are as follows. (1) Galaxies in the Coma cluster have a luminosity function φ(L)∝Lα that is steep (α∼−1.7) for −15<MR<−11, and is shallower brighter than this. The curvature in the luminosity function at MR∼−15 is statistically significant. (2) The galaxies that contribute most strongly to the luminosity function at −14<MR<−12 have colours and scalelengths that are consistent with those of local dwarf spheroidal galaxies placed at the distance of Coma. (3) These galaxies with −14<MR<−12 have a colour distribution that is very strongly peaked at B−R=1.3. This is suggestive of a substantial degree of homogeneity in their star formation histories and metallicities. (4) These galaxies with −14<MR<−12 also appear to be more confined to the cluster core (r∼200 kpc) than the brighter galaxies. Alternatively, this observation may be explained in part or whole by the presence of an anomalously high number of background galaxies behind the cluster core. Velocity measurements of these galaxies would distinguish between these two possibilities.
Development of industrial high‐efficiency back‐contact czochralski‐silicon solar cells

Back-contact silicon solar cells feature high efficiencies, simpler module assembly, and improved aesthetics. The emitter wrap through (EWT) cell structure is particularly attractive for use with industrial processing (e.g., screen-printed metallization) and common solar-grade p-type Si materials. We report development of a high-efficiency EWT back-contact cell using p-type Cz silicon and only industrial processing techniques such as screen-printed metallizations, diffusions, and PECVD. An efficiency of 19.0% has been achieved with large area (156-mm pseudo-square) cells. Detailed characterization and modeling have been performed to understand the optical and electrical losses, and these results were used to generate a roadmap to improve the efficiency to over 20%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting semantics of web services for geospatial data fusion

Using today's GIS tools, users without programming expertise are unable to fully exploit the growing amount of geospatial data becoming available because today's tools limit them to displaying data as layers for a region on a map. Fusing the data in more complex ways requires the ability to invoke processing algorithms and to combine the data these algorithms produce in sophisticated ways. Our approach, implemented in a tool called Karma, encapsulates these algorithms as Web services described using semantic models that not only specify the data types for the inputs and outputs, but also specify the relationships between them. Karma semi-automatically builds these models from sample data and then uses these models to provide an easy to use interface that lets users seamlessly implement workflows that combine and process the data in sophisticated ways.
Involvement in Health Care Decisions: Parents and Children with Chronic Illness:

Little is known about the processes or the relative outcomes of involving children in decisions about their own health care. The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the involvement of school-age children and adolescents in such decisions. A secondary analysis of two data sets composed of individual interviews regarding involvement in health care decisions was completed. One sample was composed of 20 school-age children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and both parents of each; the other was composed of 8 children and adolescents who were having surgeryfor scoliosis secondary to a chronic condition, and one parent of each. Dimensional analysis was used to summarize and contrast the data according to child, adolescent, and parent perspectives across the two data sets. The type of decision, view ofthe decision, involvement in the decision-making process, and satisfaction with the decision-making process were themes common to both data sets.
Opportunities and challenges for successful use of bevacizumab in pediatrics

Bevacizumab (Avastin) has rapidly gained status as a broadly active agent for malignancies of several different histologies in adults. This activity has spawned a range of uses in pediatrics for both oncologic and non-oncologic indications. Early analyses indicate that pediatric cancers exhibit a spectrum of responses to bevacizumab that suggest its activity may be more limited than in adult oncology. Most exciting, is that for low grade tumors that threaten vision and hearing, there is not only evidence for objective tumor response but for recovery of lost function as well. In addition to oncological indications, there is a range of uses for non-oncologic disease for which bevacizumab has clear activity. Finally, a number of mechanisms have been identified as contributing to bevacizumb resistance in cancer. Elucidating these mechanisms will guide the development of future clinical trials of bevacizumab in pediatric oncology.
The Evolution of High-Thoroughput Macromolecular Crystallography at Synchrotrons

On May 11 and 12, 2000, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, as it was then known, hosted a “Workshop on Techniques for Automated Mounting, Viewing and Centering Pre-Cooled Protein Crystals” [1, 2]. The 12 presentations during the meeting all focused on the impact that automation could have on the performance of synchrotron beamlines and thus on research in structural biology. Two principal themes ran through the workshop: (1) robotics to mount crystals on a diffractometer; and (2) methods to place a crystal in the X-ray beam. Five conceptual and prototype robotic systems for automated mounting were described—the original ACTOR from Abbott Laboratories, later modified and marketed by Rigaku/MSC, and the systems which in final form become the ALS [3], EMBL/ESRF SC3 [4], APS/SBC [5], and SSRL SAM robots [6]. By December of that year, the ACTOR had been installed for testing at Sector 32 of the Advanced Photon Source (Figure 1). Within three years, by the end of 2003, several of these robots, plus ...
Ripple: communicating through physical vibration

This paper investigates the possibility of communicating through vibrations. By modulating the vibration motors available in all mobile phones, and decoding them through accelerometers, we aim to communicate small packets of information. Of course, this will not match the bit rates available through RF modalities, such as NFC or Bluetooth, which utilize a much larger bandwidth. However, where security is vital, vibratory communication may offer advantages. We develop Ripple, a system that achieves up to 200 bits/s of secure transmission using off-the-shelf vibration motor chips, and 80 bits/s on Android smartphones. This is an outcome of designing and integrating a range of techniques, including multicarrier modulation, orthogonal vibration division, vibration braking, side-channel jamming, etc. Not all these techniques are novel; some are borrowed and suitably modified for our purposes, while others are unique to this relatively new platform of vibratory communication.
Adjustment to Serious Childhood Illness

Health care professionals have come to recognize how distressing serious illness can be, how severely it can impede the day-to-day functioning of children and their families, and how much it challenges children’s sense of competence and well-being (Chesler & Barbarin, 1987; Christ & Flomenhaft, 1984). Mounting evidence of a relations between illness and psychological disturbance has given rise to concerns about the increased risk of deleterious psychosocial outcomes for children with serious illness and their families. The frequent hospitalizations, the intrusive regimes of medical care, and the uncertainty of survival associated with serious illness hamper adjustment and constitute a formidable obstacle to normal development. The number of children with illness severe enough to cause significant life disruption may be larger and increasing more rapidly than many of us realize.
Does Peripheral Knowledge Complement Control? A Study of Software Services Outsourcing Alliances

While the normative logic for forming technology outsourcing alliances is that such alliances allow outsourcing firms to specialize deeper in their domain of core competence without being distracted by non-core activities, recent empirical studies have reported the puzzling phenomenon of some firms continuing to invest in RD and empirically testing it is the objective of this research note. Using data from 59 software services outsourcing alliances, we show that such peripheral knowledge and alliance control are imperfect complements: Peripheral knowledge complements outcomes-based formal control but not process-based control. Thus, outsourcing firms might sometimes need knowledge outside their core domain because such knowledge facilitates effective alliance governance. Our theoretical elaboration and empirical testing of the assumed complementarities between peripheral knowledge and control in technology outsourcing alliances has significant implications for strategy theory and practice, which are also discussed.
Parental Perceptions of Weight During the First Year of Life

Abstract Background More than half of parents underestimate their overweight child's weight; however, previous research focuses on children older than 2 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess whether parents of 2- to 12-month-old infants are able to accurately perceive their children's weight status. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data collected from the Greenlight study, a cluster randomized obesity prevention trial, at 4 pediatric clinics serving diverse and low-income populations. Infants' length and weight were measured at well-child checks, and parents completed questionnaires including demographic characteristics and perception of their children's weight. Weight-for-length (WFL) percentile at the fifth to ≤95 was considered healthy weight and WFL percentile >95th was considered overweight. We used chi-squared tests to compare accuracy according to weight category and performed logistic regression analysis to assess accuracy at each time point. Results Approximately 85% to 90% of infants (n = 853 at 2 months, n = 563 at 12 months) were at a healthy WFL at all measurement times, and parents of these infants were more likely to have an accurate perception of their child's weight (accuracy 89%–95%) than overweight children (accuracy 7%–26%; P P = .008). Conclusions In our diverse and low-income sample, parents of overweight infants infrequently know that their infants are overweight. Future studies should examine how perception is related to feeding habits and weight status over time.
Flight Stability and Control of Articulated Wing Aircraft

Using wing articulation, or dynamic dihedral, as a flight control mechanism offers the potential for large control authority which in turn can be used to improve the maneuverability of small unmanned aircraft. This paper investigates the influence of hinge orientations that produce pitch-flap coupling to improve the control response of the vehicle. A unique multibody flight dynamic simulation tool incorporating a numerical lifting line aerodynamics model is used for prediction purposes. Pitch-flap coupling is shown to significantly increase the lateral response of the vehicle. The largest roll response is seen when differential pitching of the wings, without flapping, is used. Pitch-flap hinge angles of even three degrees more than double the roll and yaw response of the vehicle. Less actuator torque is required when pitch-flap coupling is employed to achieve the same lateral response as the nominal, flap-only case.
Ordinary Differential Equations Texts

(1998). Ordinary Differential Equations Texts. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 105, No. 4, pp. 377-383.
Cordyline ovens (Umu Ti) in Samoa

In ancient Samoa,Cordyline roots were prepared for use as a candy and a sweetening agent by baking in large buried stone ovens for several days. In a modern attempt to duplicate this ancient technology,Cordyline terminalis roots collected in the mountains of Upolu, Western Samoa, were baked in both a modern propane oven and in an oven orumu prepared in the traditional manner. The success of this attempt is described, together with its significance for ethnobotanical and archaeological studies in Samoa.
Controlling Conformational Flexibility of an O2-binding H-NOX Domain

Heme Nitric oxide/OXygen binding (H-NOX) domains have provided a novel scaffold to probe ligand affinity in hemoproteins. Mutation of isoleucine 5, a conserved residue located in the heme-binding p...
Dynamic resource allocation for SBS application in cloud computing

An end-to-end performance evaluation model for service based system(SBS) application is formed and based on this model,a dynamic resource allocation method for SBS application is proposed.This method combines the static initial resource allocation and dynamic adjustment of resource allocation plan together,which can adapt to the dynamic change of the user behavior and preserve the end-to-end performance of SBS application.In the problem solving,a dynamic resource allocation algorithm for SBS application is proposed.This algorithm determines the resource demand of each service according to the end to end throughput requirement of the SBS application and determines the resource allocation time of each service according to the transfer time between the service and the initial service of the SBS application.By this,the algorithm can preserve the end to end performance constraint meanwhile improve the resource utility.The experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed end-to-end performance evaluation model and the dynamic resource allocation method.
Effects of Classroom-Based Energizers on Primary Grade Students' Physical Activity Levels.

The primary aim of this study was to determine the effects of classroom-based exercise breaks (Energizers; Mahar, Kenny, Shields, Scales, & Collins, 2006) on students' physical activity levels during the school day. A multiple baseline design across first grade (N = 3) and second grade (N = 3) classrooms was used to examine the effects of the Energizers program. Approximately 15 students per classroom had parental consent to participate. D-index effect sizes were calculated between baseline and intervention phases for each classroom. Classroom activity levels were graphed over time, and percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND) values were calculated between baseline and intervention phases for each classroom. Implementation of the Energizers program significantly increased participants' school-based steps, which were measured using accelerometer activity monitors. In addition, participating teachers indicated that Energizers did not adversely affect academic instructional time and planned to continue using Energizers activities in their classrooms beyond the study.
Urban sustainability in an age of enduring inequalities: Advancing theory and ecometrics for the 21st-century city

The environmental fragility of cities under advanced urbanization has motivated extensive efforts to promote the sustainability of urban ecosystems and physical infrastructures. Less attention has been devoted to neighborhood inequalities and fissures in the civic infrastructure that potentially challenge social sustainability and the capacity of cities to collectively address environmental challenges. This article draws on a program of research in three American cities—Boston, Chicago, and Los Angeles—to develop hypotheses and methodological strategies for assessing how the multidimensional and multilevel inequalities that characterize contemporary cities bear on sustainability. In addition to standard concerns with relative inequality in income, the article reviews evidence on compounded deprivation, racial cleavages, civic engagement, institutional cynicism, and segregated patterns of urban mobility and organizational ties that differentially connect neighborhood resources. Harnessing “ecometric” measurement tools and emerging sources of urban data with a theoretically guided framework on neighborhood inequality can enhance the pursuit of sustainable cities, both in the United States and globally.
Where to Throw That Shoe? Catheter Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Congenital Heart Disease.

Atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common arrhythmias presenting during childhood. It is typically thought of as more of a nuisance problem rather than a life-threatening condition. Catheter ablation of the slow AV nodal pathway is almost always curative with a low complication rate. Unlike accessory pathways, in which a precise and complete ablation is required, elimination of AVNRT can often be achieved by a less-than-lethal modification of the substrate. This is actually pretty amazing, considering that despite over 30 years of catheter ablation therapy for AVNRT, we still have limited understanding of the actual anatomy and physiology of the AV node and its slow and fast AV nodal pathways. Yet, catheter ablation is highly successful with low risk of complications in most patients. We have made remarkable progress over those decades, transitioning from open surgical ablation approaches to transvenous catheter-based ablation, first with direct current shocks, followed by less dramatic and traumatic energy sources—mainly radiofrequency and freezing.1–3 As with most new techniques, they are typically first trialed in adults, but radiofrequency catheter ablation for AVNRT was promptly used in children, with encouraging initial success.4 Many thousands of pediatric AVNRT patients later, catheter ablation is now a routine outpatient procedure with excellent long-term results.5–7 However, in the presence of structural congenital heart disease (CHD), …
Situational Crime Prevention: Theoretical Background and Current Practice

Situational crime prevention is quite different from most other criminological approaches to crime control. Proceeding from an analysis of the settings giving rise to specific kinds of crime or disorder, it seeks to introduce discrete managerial and environmental changes that will reduce the opportunities or incentives for crime. Thus, it is focused on the settings in which crimes occur, rather than on those committing criminal acts. It does not try to eliminate criminal tendencies by arresting and sanctioning offenders or by improving society or its institutions. Rather, it seeks to make crime less attractive and it operates, not through the criminal justice system, but through a host of public and private organizations and agencies – schools, hospitals, transit systems, shops and malls, manufacturing businesses and phone companies, local parks and entertainment facilities, pubs and parking lots – whose products, services, and operations spawn opportunities and incentives for a vast range of different crimes. Felson (2002) describes the main sources of these opportunities and incentives, some of which are summarized in Table 14.1 under the five categories of criminogenic products, poor management, poorly designed buildings and places, “leaky systems,” and criminogenic laws. Researchers in the Home Office Research Unit, the British government’s criminological research department, formulated situational prevention nearly 30 years ago (Clarke, 1980). It was originally thought to be applicable only to “opportunistic” property offenses, such as car theft vandalism and burglary. Quite soon, however, it was applied successfully to assaults, robberies,
What's in a Name? A Critical Literacy and Functional Linguistic Analysis of Immigrant Acculturation in Contemporary Picture Books.

ABSTRACTThis article investigates how immigrant children’s acculturation experiences are characterized through the symbolic literary feature of name in children’s literature and how the language of the text functions to communicate these messages. We draw on the theoretical frameworks of Critical Literacy (CL) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to inform our analysis, showcasing how the connection and interrelation of these theories maximizes the potential for meaning-making. Texts were examined to reveal dominant themes around acculturation communicated through the use of protagonists’ names and trends in the language used to construct young readers’ understandings. Findings indicate that the construct of a name is a key theme in the literature used to forge a cultural identity for immigrant children, generate cultural conflict, and stimulate others’ judgment.
Historical Narratives on the Banana Industry: Imperial Arguments in the U.S.-Honduran Encounters

Regardless of one’s political or theoretical orientation, bananas are important in the history of U.S.-Latin American relations. Bananas represent the first large-scale influence of the United States in much of Latin America. With giant corporations, such as the United Fruit Company, came the U.S. government, its private citizens, and their culture. In turn, Hondurans responded in various ways, from opportunistic accommodation to strategic rejection of foreign cultural forms and coercive practices. Other Hondurans came north adapting and adjusting to living in the United States, often returning to their native country as cultural hybrids. Indeed, the mass production and distribution of bananas spawned multiple new social and cultural fields.
Microwave pretreatment allows accurate fatty acid analysis of small fresh weight (100 g) dried alfalfa, ryegrass, and winter rye samples

Abstract Accurate analysis of forage fatty acid (FA) profile and content, particularly polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), is vital for ongoing research optimizing the desired FA content of ruminant-derived foods. Lyophilization (i.e., freeze-drying) is regarded as the gold standard for preserving labile constituents, such as PUFA, in fresh forage samples. This method, however, is expensive, time consuming, and generally impractical for the large number and size of forage samples in agronomic studies. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a brief (1 min) microwave pretreatment prior to forced hot air drying (FHA) for preserving alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) forage samples, relative to both a freeze-drying control and FHA drying alone. In a second experiment, similar drying methods were examined in winter rye (Secale cereale L.), as well as the decline of ALA proportion of total FA in ground samples stored 72 weeks. In the first experiment, small fresh weight samples (100 g) receiving 1 min microwave pretreatment before FHA drying were found equivalent to freeze-dried samples in FA content and profile, and both were greater in ΣPUFA than samples that received FHA alone. Large fresh weight samples (400–500 g) receiving FHA alone, a common practice in agronomic studies, contained 1.5–2.5 fold lower total ALA content and 1.3–1.6 fold lower LA content than the freeze-dried control, while large fresh weight samples (400–500 g) receiving 1 or 2 min microwave pretreatment contained 1.2–2.2 fold lower total ALA content and 1.1–1.5 fold lower LA content than the freeze-dried control. The second experiment revealed a reduction in ALA proportion of total FA of stored samples over a long period of time regardless of preparation method; however, FHA samples had a greater rate of reduction. This study confirms that FHA drying alone is not adequate for forage sample preservation for FA analysis, and may lead to a significant underestimation of ALA, the principal FA in plants. This distorts measurements of other FA reported on a proportional basis (g 100 g−1 total FA). In conclusion, a simple and inexpensive 1 min microwave pretreatment prior to FHA drying results in FA analysis comparable to freeze-dried samples, provided that samples are of a small fresh weight (100 g).
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Adopting Open Educational Resources in an Introductory American Government Course

In this article, we present findings from a grant-funded initiative to replace traditional, proprietary textbooks with an open content textbook under a Creative Commons license in the introductory ...
6 Derived stimulus control: Are there differences among procedures and processes?*

Publisher Summary The chapter describes procedures to demonstrate derived stimulus control and to classify them based on structure. It discusses the relationship among the various training structures and the likelihood of demonstrating stimulus classes in humans and animals. It also notes procedural differences that might affect the likelihood of demonstrating derived stimulus control within a particular training structure. There is more than one type of transfer involved in the stimulus class literature, and some species are limited to unidirectional transfer that essentially involves the recombination of chains: Pigeons demonstrate unidirectional transfer that may not involve symmetry or transitivity. They also demonstrate transfer that can be mediated by behaviors that occur between the presentation of the sample stimulus and the response to the comparison stimulus. Moreover, such intervening behaviors play different roles for pigeons than for human subjects. Pigeons are yet to demonstrate nonmediated symmetry or equivalence.
Endothelial cells filopodia participation in the anastomosis of CNS capillaries

By combining the classic Golgi method and the electron microscope, we have gained a better understanding of the anastomosis of CNS blood capillaries. The participation of growing capillary leading endothelial cells filopodia in the anastomotic process is described. The two approaching capillaries leading endothelial cells filopodia intermingle and interact forming complex conglomerates with narrow spaces filled with proteinaceous material (possibly basal lamina) secreted by them. The presence of tight junctions among the filopodia corroborates their vascular nature. Their presence also suggests a different endothelial cells origin as will those from the two approaching capillaries. The original narrow spaces coalesce into larger ones leading to the eventual formation of a single one that will interconnect (anastomose) the two capillaries. The newly formed post-anastomotic CNS capillaries are rather small with irregular and narrow lumina that might permit the passage of fluid but not yet of blood cells. Eventually, the new capillaries lumina will enlarge permitting the passage of blood cells.
Creating a Metacognition Community of Practice: Transforming the Engineering Learning Community

This Research Work in Progress paper presents a Community of Practice (CoP) for Metacognition research. This paper will provide a brief overview of the current state of metacognition research in engineering education. Current work in engineering will be compared to suggested focus areas in the broader study of metacognition in education. This paper will conclude with a brief discussion of the CoP the authors are working to form to support future research in metacognition in engineering. The CoP is currently formed around five major thrust areas of research: K-12 Education, Undergraduate Education, Workforce Development, Faculty Development, and Frameworks and Methods.
Some Prior(s) Experience Necessary: Templates for Getting Started With Bayesian Analysis

Bayesian statistical analysis has gained attention in recent years, including in HCI. The Bayesian approach has several advantages over traditional statistics, including producing results with more intuitive interpretations. Despite growing interest, few papers in CHI use Bayesian analysis. Existing tools to learn Bayesian statistics require significant time investment, making it difficult to casually explore Bayesian methods. Here, we present a tool that lowers the barrier to exploration: a set of R code templates that guide Bayesian novices through their first analysis. The templates are tailored to CHI, supporting analyses found to be most common in recent CHI papers. In a user study, we found that the templates were easy to understand and use. However, we found that participants without a statistical background were not confident in their use. Together our contributions provide a concise analysis tool and empirical results for understanding and addressing barriers to using Bayesian analysis in HCI.
Serum vitamin D concentrations at dry-off and close-up predict increased postpartum urine ketone concentrations in dairy cattle.

ABSTRACT Vitamin D is commonly supplemented to dairy cows as vitamin D3 to support calcium homeostasis and in times of low sunlight exposure. Vitamin D has beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations fluctuated during lactation, with the lowest concentrations measured in healthy cows within 7 d of calving. However, it is unknown if serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured during the previous lactation are associated with transition diseases or health risk factors in dairy cattle. We collected serum samples from 279 dairy cattle from 5 commercial dairy herds in Michigan at dry-off, close-up, and 2–10 d in milk (DIM). Vitamin D concentrations were determined by measuring serum 25(OH)D by radioimmunoassay. Total serum calcium was measured by colorimetric methods. Body condition scores (BCS) were assigned at the time of blood collection. Clinical disease incidence was monitored until 30 d postparturition. Separate bivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine if serum 25(OH)D at dry-off, close-up, and 2–10 DIM was associated with various clinical diseases including mastitis, lameness, and uterine disorders (classified as metritis, retained placenta, or both) and increased urine ketone concentrations at P
Orchestration of Circadian Timing by Macromolecular Protein Assemblies.

Abstract Genetically encoded biological clocks are found broadly throughout eukaryotes and in cyanobacteria, where they generate circadian (about a day) rhythms that allow organisms to anticipate regular environmental changes and align their physiology and behavior with Earth's daily light/dark cycle. In recent years, many have sought to expand our biochemical and structural understanding of the clock proteins that constitute the molecular “cogs” of these biological clocks. These new studies are beginning to reveal how macromolecular assemblies of dedicated clock proteins form and evolve to contribute to the generation of clocks that function over the timescale of a day. This review will highlight structural and biochemical studies that provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms of cyanobacterial and vertebrate animal clocks. Collectively, these studies demonstrate emerging biochemical properties that appear to be shared by these different clocks, suggesting that there may be some conservation in the regulation and assembly of circadian macromolecular assemblies.
Hot-Spot Thermal Sensor Design in FinFETs

This paper analyzes device-structure-induced and process- dependent temperature inaccuracy sources of thermal sensing applications in advanced FinFET nodes, including self-heating and Joule heating interaction , non-uniform temperature distribution in a FinFET array and distance limitation due to gate-uniformity restraints. These effects cannot be eliminated by conventional temperature calibration methods. Based on simulations and experiments, thermal behaviors of these inaccuracy sources are comprehensively characterized in this work. The goal is to mitigate the temperature gap between FinFET hot-spots and thermal sensor measurements.
Epidemiologic Characteristics of COVID-19 in Guizhou, China

At the end of 2019, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China, and spread to Guizhou province on January of 2020. To acquire the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 in Guizhou, China, we collected data on 162 laboratory-confirmed cases related to COVID-19. We described the demographic characteristics of the cases and estimated the incubation period, serial interval and basic reproduction number. We also presented two representative case studies in Guizhou province -- Case Study 1 was an example of asymptomatic carrier; and Case Study 2 was an example of a large and complex infection chain that involved four different districts spanning three provinces and eight families. With an estimation of 8 days incubation period and 6 days serial interval, our results indicate that there may exist infectiousness during the incubation period for 2019-nCoV. This increases the difficulty of screening or identifying cases related to COVID-19.