cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-ion scaling of the low-temperature properties of f-electron materials with non-Fermi-liquid groundstates

Certain chemically substituted Ce and U compounds have low-temperature physical properties that exhibit non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) characteristics and apparently constitute a new class of strongly correlated f-electron materials. The NFL behaviour takes the form of weak power law or logarithmic divergences in the temperature dependence of the physical properties that scale with a characteristic temperature T 0 , which, in some systems, can be identified with the Kondo temperature T K . These systems have complex temperature T-chemical substituent composition x phase diagrams, which contain regions displaying the Kondo effect, NFL behaviour, spin glass freezing, magnetic order, quadrupolar order, and, sometimes, even superconductivity. Possible origins of the NFL behaviour include a multichannel Kondo effect and fluctuations of an order parameter in the vicinity of a second-order phase transition at T = 0 K. Recent experiments on the systems Y 1-x U x Pd 3 and U 1-x M x Pd 2 Al 3 (M = Th, Y) are reviewed. In the Y 1-x U x Pd 3 and U 1-x Th x Pd 2 Al 3 systems, the low-temperature physical properties in the NFL regime scale with the U concentration and T K , suggesting that single-ion effects are responsible for the NFL behaviour.
A note on lactation curves of crossbred cows

Milk production data were collected on 8- and 9-year-old Angus × Hereford or Hereford × Angus; Charolais × Angus or Hereford; Jersey × Angus or Hereford; and Simmental × Angus or Hereford cows at days 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168 and 196 after parturition. During the study, cows were given diets differing in quantity of brome grass (Bromus inermis) haylage. Lactation curves were estimated by the empirical equation Y(n) = n/aekn. Differences were observed among the breed crosses in 25-week lactation yield and time of peak lactation.
The load separation criterion and methodology in ductile fracture mechanics

The objective of this paper is to investigate the implications of the load separation criterion for evaluating ductile fracture mechanics parameters. This criterion allows the load to be represented as the multiplication of two separate functions; a material deformation function and a crack geometry function. Load separation implies a method for J-integral evaluating using only a single load-displacement record. The original method for evaluating J, proposed by Begley and Landes, used the energy rate interpretation of Rice which requires several load-displacement records for identical specimens with varying crack lengths. A method based on load separation introduced a new parameter η, ηel and ηpl which greatly simplified J calculation. This parameter which can be a function of geometrical factors is generally evaluated experimentally using the energy rate interpretation of J. In this paper the load separation criterion is used to imply a simple method for evaluating η experimentally. Using blunt notched specimen load versus load point displacement results from the literature, four different configurations with a wide range of stationary crack lengths are evaluated. Also included are several different materials varying from low work hardening to high work hardening. The data include thin and thick sections so that both plane stress and plane strain conditions are evaluated. A new method for η-estimation derived from the implication of the load separation is proposed. This method avoids most of the errors that accumulate in the classical methods of estimation. Both the separation method and the energy rate method are evaluated by comparing the techniques and the results. The results show some new trends in ηpl results for the different configurations evaluated in this paper.
CeSi 2 Photoemission Spectra at 5 meV Resolution

A Comment on the Letter by M. Garnier {ital et al.,} Phys.thinspthinspRev.thinspthinspLett.thinspthinsp{bold 78}, 4127 (1997). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Morphological Instabilities during Explosive Crystallization of Germanium Films

Explosive crystallization, a self-sustaining transformation of an amorphous phase to a crystalline phase mediated by a thin liquid layer, exhibits three distinct kinetic and morphological regimes in germanium. Dynamics of these growth processes and the resulting morphologies have been examined in detail. Steady-state crystallization velocities were measured as a function of heat loss into the substrate. Dark field optical microscopy, tapping mode atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction were used to examine the crystallized films. Analyses of the experimental results provide evidence for two distinct processes governing explosive crystallization in limits of high substrate temperature (low heat loss) and low substrate temperature (high heat loss). The low temperature growth mode produces a “scalloped” structure with propagation velocities that monotonically increase with temperature. At high substrate temperatures, the velocity is independent of temperature and a “columnar” pattern with preferred texture is formed.
Frequency domain conditions for the stability of perturbed polynomials

New necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of perturbed polynomials of continuous systems are given in the frequency domain. The conditions are equivalent and in some respects more powerful than the well-known Kharitonov conditions. The new conditions allow considerable freedom in distributing the available uncertainty margin among the different coefficients of a polynomial and provide an indication as to whether the maximum allowable margin of uncertainty for a given polynomial has been reached.
Improved phase boundary for one-component vapor-liquid equilibrium: incorporating critical behavior and cubic equations of state

Abstract Many current uses of fluid phase equilibria would benefit from new equations of state that are more accurate in fitting experimental data and more certain of their predictions for unmeasured phase equilibria. We present a first step towards a fitting procedure whith incorporates the advantages of critical scaling theory in the vicinity of the critical point with advantages of ‘classical’ cubic equations of state far from the critical point. For VLE, we propose a non-linear order parameter (density variable) that captures the familiar fluid asymmetry in the far from critical vapor and liquid regimes without affecting the linear density-dependence in the near critical regime; this complements earlier work for LLE. Use of this order parameter in describing the liquid-vapor phase boundary effects a ‘heuristic’ crossover from accurate critical point behavior to accurate far-from-critical behavior. The accuracy of this procedure has been verified by using it to fit data from the open literature for the vapor-liquid phase boundary for a variety of one component systems: with polar molecules (chlorotrifluoro-methane), with small non-polar molecules (carbon dioxide, ethane), and with the heavier normal alkanes (pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and nonane). Within 100 k of the critical point, this method is substantially more accurate than its competitors. At worst, in the far-from-critical (e.g. 200–300 K below the critical point) regime, this procedure seems to consistently overestimate the vapor densities by a small amount (less than 3%).
The computation of correlation and spectral functions by orthogonal filtering

The increased consideration of random time functions in engineering and science has led to the development of various digital and analog techniques for the computation of autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions or their frequency domain equivalents, spectral density and cross-spectral density. Analog techniques, which are the subject of this paper, have been limited primarily to either the time domain1?3 (employing the operations of time delay, multiplication, and averaging) or the frequency domain4,5 (employing the operations of narrow-band filtering, multiplication, and averaging). A more general but little-known procedure, which was originally introduced by Lampard,6 is to represent the autocorrelation or cross-correlation function by a finite series of predetermined orthogonal approximating functions and to determine coefficients in the series by the operations of orthogonal filtering, multiplication, and averaging. Advantages of the series method include analytic representations for both the correlation and spectral functions and the possible elimination of delay lines or narrow-band filters.
Ion beam analysis with a 6 MV van de Graaff

Rutherford backscattering and channeling techniques using 4He analysis beams with energies less than 2.5 MeV have proven to be powerful methods for determination of stoichiometry, structure, thickness and impurity concentrations in thin films. We discuss examples illustrating the advantages of routine use of analysis ion beams (from a single-ended 6 MV Van de Graaff) with energies greater than 2.5 MeV. We compare 170° 4He backscattering spectra obtained at higher energies (3.8 and 4.7 MeV) with similar spectra obtained at 1.9 MeV to show that use of the higher energies leads to simplified data analysis, greater probing depth and more accurate determination of film stoichiometry. We briefly report progress in attempts to 1) use backscattering of 12C analysis beams to obtain improved mass and depth resolution, 2) use 4He analysis beams to depth profile P in Si using (α, p) nuclear reactions at incident 4He energies of 3.655 and 4.343 MeV and 3) use 15N2+ analysis beams with energies ≥ 6.3 MeV to depth profile 1H in films using the (15N, αγ) nuclear reaction at 6.385 MeV.
On the Way Towards a Cognitive Historiography: Are We There Yet?

The publication of the first issue of the Journal of Cognitive Historiography essentially aimed to mark the birth of a new interdisciplinary field, which is willing to take upon the challenge of exploring how people in past societies thought and behaved. Cognitive Historiography thus becomes the latest addition to a number of inter-disciplinary areas which combine a subject matter from the humanities with methods and theories from the cognitive sciences, such as Cognitive Linguistics, Cognitive Anthropology, Cognitive Archaeology, Cognitive Semiotics, and others. In what follows I offer a critical assessment of Cognitive Historiography as an emergent field, and particularly as it is represented in the inaugural issue of JCH.
Corrections to scaling for period doubling

We have studied a multiple scaling which describes corrections to scaling. For the period doubling in one-dimensional dissipative maps, two-dimensional areapreserving maps, and four-dimensional symplectic maps, the multiple scaling is seen to be well-obeyed, and new scaling factors have been found. The multiple scaling is also seen to be a very powerful tool for searching for scaling behavior.
Visible Frequency Thin Film Photonic Crystals from Colloidal Systems of Nanocrystalline Titania and Polystyrene Microspheres

This work describes a simple and novel ceramic processing technique to form periodic ordered structures in ceramic materials with a uniform pore size distribution. This material shows photonic gaps at visible/near-IR wavelengths. Monodisperse colloidal polystyrene microspheres are self-organized into a crystalline structure of close-packed spheres in a suspension of nanocrystalline titania. The nanoparticle titania fills the intersphere region simultaneously during colloidal crystallization. Removal of the polystyrene microspheres by calcination at a temperature of 520°C results in a periodic porous structure with a high refractive index background material. Crystals having ordered regions, a few millimeters across with typical grain sizes of 50-70 μm, are grown as thin films on substrates including glass and silicon. Optical reflectivity measurements indicate peaks at the stop band wavelengths that scale with the pore size. Visual inspection and optical microscopy reveal uniform colored regions for crystals with periodicity comparable to visible wavelengths. Despite the presence of cracks resulting from drying and heat treatment as well as numerous grain boundaries, optical characterization clearly demonstrates a photonic band gap. Reflectance peaks due to a pseudogap can be shifted by application of high pressure. In the following sections we will describe the experimental procedure and discuss optical reflectance and transmission measurements that can reveal information about the crystals, namely, the lattice constant, the refractive index, and the filling fraction of the background material.
For and against the Mediterranean: Francophone Perspectives

Since the landmark intervention of Edward Said, the “Orient” has been widely rejected as a repository of European projections of alterity, and the Mediterranean is variously embraced as a promising framework for cross-cultural relations and transnational scholarship and rejected for its intellectual baggage and propensity to generate “Mediterraneanism.” In the francophone context, the Mediterranean has been a significant yet contentious intellectual category since the waning days of empire. Since the 1980s, with the decline of French power in Europe, the idea of a Mediterranean sphere of influence has held renewed attraction. Economic and political initiatives and educational and cultural projects have promoted transnational exchanges under the auspices of Mediterranean unity. Correspondingly, several Middle Eastern and North African scholars and writers have embraced the Mediterranean as an alternative to monolithic discourses of national, linguistic, and religious identity. Dobie’s essay situates the unique position of the Mediterranean in francophone intellectual culture and critical discourse in the context of colonial and postcolonial history.
Hypoxia Regulates β-Enolase and Pyruvate Kinase-M Promoters by Modulating Sp1/Sp3 Binding to a Conserved GC Element

The transcription rates of glycolytic enzyme genes are coordinately induced when cells are exposed to low oxygen tension. This effect has been described in many cell types and is not restricted to species or phyla. In mammalian cells, there are 11 distinct glycolytic enzymes, at least 9 of which are induced by hypoxia. Recent reports described a role for the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in the transcriptional activation of lactate dehydrogenase A, aldolase-A, phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase-1 genes. It is not known whether the HIF-1 factor acts exclusively to regulate these genes during hypoxia, or how the other genes of the pathway are regulated. In this paper, we describe analyses of the muscle-specific pyruvate kinase-M and β-enolase promoters that implicate additional mechanisms for the regulation of glycolytic enzyme gene transcription by hypoxia. Transient transcription of a reporter gene directed by either promoter was activated when transfected muscle cells were exposed to hypoxia. Neither of these promoters contain HIF-1 binding sites. Instead, the hypoxia response was localized to a conserved GC-rich element positioned immediately upstream of a GATAA site in the proximal promoter regions of both genes. The GC element was essential for both basal and hypoxia-induced expression and bound the transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3. Hypoxia caused the progressive depletion of Sp3 determined by DNA binding studies and Western analyses, whereas Sp1 protein levels remained unchanged. Overexpression of Sp3 repressed expression of β-enolase promoters. It is concluded that hypoxia activates these glycolytic enzyme gene promoters by down-regulating Sp3, thereby removing the associated transcriptional repression.
Experiences and challenges in system design

This paper examines the desirability and viability of state-of-the-art system design at the university. To put the problem in perspective, a number of actual designs exercises, executed at UC Berkeley over the last decade, will be examined. A number of potential models for success are proposed and analyzed. While this paper might provide some insight, it is surely hoped that it might serve as the basis for an ongoing discussion that might lead to an (inter)national infrastructure for system-design in the long term.
Excess mortality associated with mental illness and substance use disorders among veteran clinic users with spinal cord injury

Purpose. Among veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) or disease aetiologies, examine the association between diagnosed mental illness (MI) and substance use disorders (SUD) on mortality after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors, SCI severity, injury duration and chronic physical illnesses.Method. Longitudinal analysis of Veteran Health Administration(VHA) administrative data and Medicare claims for FY 1999–2004 matched with Spinal Cord Dysfunction-Registry (SCD-R) of VHA clinic users (N == 8334) with SCI. SCI was identified through SCD-R; individual MIs (anxiety, bipolar, depressive disorders, psychoses, post-traumatic disorder and schizophrenia) and SUDs (tobacco, alcohol and/or drug) were identified through ICD-9-CM codes. Cox-proportional hazards regressions were used to examine association between MI and SUD and time to death in years.Results. Among veterans with SCI, 17%% died by the end of FY 2004. Veterans with psychosis (35%%), depression (22%%) and alcohol and/or dr...
Ultrathin silicon solar microcells for semitransparent, mechanically flexible and microconcentrator module designs

The high natural abundance of silicon, together with its excellent reliability and good efficiency in solar cells, suggest its continued use in production of solar energy, on massive scales, for the foreseeable future. Although organics, nanocrystals, nanowires and other new materials hold significant promise, many opportunities continue to exist for research into unconventional means of exploiting silicon in advanced photovoltaic systems. Here, we describe modules that use large-scale arrays of silicon solar microcells created from bulk wafers and integrated in diverse spatial layouts on foreign substrates by transfer printing. The resulting devices can offer useful features, including high degrees of mechanical flexibility, user-definable transparency and ultrathin-form-factor microconcentrator designs. Detailed studies of the processes for creating and manipulating such microcells, together with theoretical and experimental investigations of the electrical, mechanical and optical characteristics of several types of module that incorporate them, illuminate the key aspects.
Bone morphogenic protein 4-produced in endothelial cells by oscillatory shear stress stimulates an inflammatory response

Atherosclerosis is now viewed as an inflammatory disease occurring preferentially in arterial regions exposed to disturbed flow conditions, including oscillatory shear stress (OS), in branched arteries. In contrast, the arterial regions exposed to laminar shear (LS) are relatively lesion-free. The mechanisms underlying the opposite effects of OS and LS on the inflammatory and atherogenic processes are not clearly understood. Here, through DNA microarrays, protein expression, and functional studies, we identify bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) as a mechanosensitive and pro-inflammatory gene product. Exposing endothelial cells to OS increased BMP4 protein expression, whereas LS decreased it. In addition, we found BMP4 expression only in the selective patches of endothelial cells overlying foam cell lesions in human coronary arteries. The same endothelial patches also expressed higher levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein compared with those of non-diseased areas. Functionally, we show that OS and BMP4 induced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion by a NFkappaB-dependent mechanism. We suggest that BMP4 is a mechanosensitive, inflammatory factor playing a critical role in early steps of atherogenesis in the lesion-prone areas.
Occurrence of Enterococci: Bud, Blossom, and Soil Studies.

Abstract The occurrence of enterococci (group D streptococci) on buds and flowers of plants and in soils has been studied. They were recovered from 27.5% of the flowers of seven species of plants, and from 6.8% of the buds of the same plants. They were recovered from 34% of the flowers of nonagricultural plants, from 32.2% of the flowers of ten species of agricultural dicotyledonous plants, and from 10.4% of the flowers of five species of grasses and cereals. The enterococci were invariably present or invariably absent from all samples taken from very few species. They occurred in small numbers on enclosed tassels and silks of corn of 22 of 60 samples, and in greater numbers on 90% or more of these after their floral parts had emerged. Interposition of a mechanical barrier reduced the incidence of recovery from flowers. The occurrence in soil, generally at a low level of population, may be correlated with occurrence on the plant growing on the soil or with nearby enterococcal-bearing plants. It is concluded that enterococci may be regarded as temporary residents on plants, capable of limited reproduction, and that they are disseminated among plants by the action of insects and wind, and spread to the ground by these agencies, gravity, and rain.
The Extracellular Transport Signal of the Vibrio cholerae Endochitinase (ChiA) Is a Structural Motif Located between Amino Acids 75 and 555

ChiA, an 88-kDa endochitinase encoded by the chiA gene of the gram-negative enteropathogen Vibrio cholerae, is secreted via the eps-encoded main terminal branch of the general secretory pathway (GSP), a mechanism which also transports cholera toxin. To localize the extracellular transport signal of ChiA that initiates transport of the protein through the GSP, a chimera comprised of ChiA fused at the N terminus with the maltose-binding protein (MalE) of Escherichia coli and fused at the C terminus with a 13-amino-acid epitope tag (E-tag) was expressed in strain 569B(chiA::Kan r ), a chiA-deficient but secretion-competent mutant of V. cholerae. Fractionation studies revealed that blockage of the natural N terminus and C terminus of ChiA did not prevent secretion of the MalE-ChiA-E-tag chimera. To locate the amino acid sequences which encoded the transport signal, a series of truncations of ChiA were engineered. Secretion of the mutant polypeptides was curtailed only when ChiA was deleted from the N terminus beyond amino acid position 75 or from the C terminus beyond amino acid 555. A mutant ChiA comprised of only those amino acids was secreted by wild-type V. cholerae but not by an epsD mutant, establishing that amino acids 75 to 555 independently harbored sufficient structural information to promote secretion by the GSP of V. cholerae. Cys77 and Cys537, two cysteines located just within the termini of ChiA(75‐555), were not required for secretion, indicating that those residues were not essential for maintaining the functional activity of the ChiA extracellular transport signal.
Cues for masked amplitude-modulation detection.

The ability of psychoacoustic models to predict listeners’ performance depends on two key stages: preprocessing and the generation of a decision variable. The goal of the current study was to determine the perceptually relevant decision variables in masked amplitude-modulation detection tasks in which the modulation depth of the masker was systematically varied. Potential cues were made unreliable by roving the overall modulation depth from trial to trial or were reduced in salience by equalizing the envelope energy of the standard and target after the signal was added. Listeners’ performance was significantly degraded in both paradigms compared to the baseline (fixed-level modulation masker) condition, which was similar to those used in previous studies of masking in the envelope-frequency domain. Although this observation was broadly consistent with a simple long-term envelope power-spectrum model, there were several aspects of the data that were not. For example, the steep rate of change in threshold w...
Examination of reproductive endpoints in goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed in situ to municipal sewage treatment plant effluent discharges in Michigan, USA

Effects of representative mid-Michigan (USA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on the reproductive physiology of common goldfish (Carassius auratus) were assessed in situ by measuring plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T), and evaluating gonad histology. Caged adult male and female goldfish were exposed for six weeks to WWTP effluents. One riverine site and one lacustrine site were included as references for comparison to WWTP sites. There was differential growth and gonadal development among locations, which confounded the interpretation of biomarker responses. A linear contrast model was developed by analysis of covariance, and adjusted values were developed for concentrations of VTG, E2, and T in the plasma of both male and female fish. In general, VTG concentrations were significantly less in male than in female goldfish. Most concentrations of VTG in male goldfish were less than the method detection limit. There were no significant differences in plasma VTG of either male or female goldfish among locations or between sites at WWTPs and reference sites. Concentrations of E2 in the plasma of female goldfish were similar among WWTP sites, all of which were less than in females at a pond reference location. Concentrations of E2 in the plasma of male goldfish were similar at all WWTP locations, except for one, where they were greater. No consistent trends in hormone concentrations or gonadal histology could be attributed to putative endocrine disrupter exposure in WWTP effluents. The results indicate that the risk for estrogen agonist exposure below these mid-Michigan WWTPs is small.
Effect of Δ9-stearoyl-ACP-desaturase-C mutants in a high oleic background on soybean seed oil composition

Two new sources of elevated seed stearic acid were identified and the feasibility of an elevated stearic acid, high oleic acid germplasm was studied. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil typically contains 2–4 % stearic acid. Oil with at least 20 % stearic acid is desirable because of its improved baking properties and health profile. This study identifies two new sources of high stearic acid and evaluates the interaction of high stearic and oleic acid alleles. TCHM08-1087 and TCHM08-755, high stearic acid ‘Holladay’ mutants, were crossed to FAM94-41-3, a line containing a point mutation in a seed-specific isoform of a Δ9-stearoyl-acyl carrier protein-desaturase (SACPD-C). F2-derived lines were evaluated for fatty acid content in four field environments. Sequencing of SACPDs in TCHM08-1087 and TCHM08-755 revealed distinct deletions of at least one megabase encompassing SACPD-C in both lines. After genotyping, the additive effect for stearic acid was estimated at +1.8 % for the SACPD-C point mutation and +4.1 % for the SACPD-C deletions. Average stearic acid in lines homozygous for the deletions was 12.2 %. A FAM94-41-3-derived line and TCHM08-1087-11, a selection from TCHM08-1087, were crossed to S09-2902-145, a line containing missense mutations in two fatty acid desaturases (FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B). F1 plants were grown in a greenhouse and individual F2 seed were genotyped and phenotyped. No interaction was observed between either FAD2-1A or FAD2-1B and any of the SACPD-C mutant alleles. Seed homozygous mutant for SACPD-C/FAD2-1A/FAD2-1B contained 12.7 % stearic acid and 65.5 % oleic acid while seed homozygous for the SACPD-C deletion and mutant for FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B averaged 10.4 % stearic acid and 75.9 % oleic acid.
Testing relationships among the vetigastropod taxa: a molecular approach

Identifying the unambiguous members of Vetigastropoda and understanding the relationships among its families has been challenging. This study investigates the internal relationships among putative members of Vetigastropoda sensu lato (Fissurelloidea, Haliotoidea, Lepetelloidea, Lepetodriloidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Scissurelloidea, Seguenzioidea, Trochoidea, Angarioidea, Phasianelloidea, Neomphaloidea and Cocculinoidea) in a molecular phylogeny utilizing nearly 6 kb of molecular data from up to five nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Single-step parsimony-based and two-step maximum-likelihood analyses are employed as phylogenetic methods to analyse the data. Sequence data from all vetigastropod groups are included and in order to overcome shortfalls of previous vetigastropod analyses resulting from the under-sampling of outgroups, this study also includes broad outgroup representation. Fissurelloidea, Haliotoidea, Lepetodriloidea, Scissurelloidea, Seguenzioidea, Trochoidea, Angarioidea and Phasianelloidea formed a clade identified as Vetigastropoda sensu stricto united by morphological synapomorphies such as the presence of bursicles and epipodial sense organs. In contrast, Neomphalina, Cocculinoidea and Pleurotomarioidea fell outside Vetigastropoda s. s., indicating a need to reexamine the classification of these clades as vetigastropods.
A Proposed Model For Thermal Image Scene Analysis

Too often the process of thermal image analysis is performed without any thought as to why and how we reach certain conclusions regarding image content. A scene is observed, inferertces made, and judgments rendered regarding the identity of objects and background that compose the scene. The purposes of this paper is to formalize the process of thermal image scene analysis using an explicit model consisting of surface and subsurface features that may be observed in any scene. The model is presented along with a comparison of the differences between thermal and visual scene analysis. Conclusions are made with regard to the application of this model to the use of artificial intelligence for automatic recognition of thermal imagery.
Proposal for a High Energy Nuclear Database

We propose to develop a high-energy heavy-ion experimental database and make it accessible to the scientific community through an on-line interface. This database will be searchable and cross-indexed with relevant publications, including published detector descriptions. Since this database will be a community resource, it requires the high-energy nuclear physics community's financial and manpower support. This database should eventually contain all published data from Bevalac and AGS to RHIC to CERN-LHC energies, proton-proton to nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as other relevant systems, and all measured observables. Such a database would have tremendous scientific payoff as it makes systematic studies easier and allows simpler benchmarking of theoretical models to a broad range of old and new experiments. Furthermore, there is a growing need for compilations of high-energy nuclear data for applications including stockpile stewardship, technology development for inertial confinement fusion and target and source development for upcoming facilities such as the Next Linear Collider. To enhance the utility of this database, we propose periodically performing evaluations of the data and summarizing the results in topical reviews.
Transalveolar Osmotic and Diffusional Water Permeability in Intact Mouse Lung Measured by a Novel Surface Fluorescence Method

A surface fluorescence method was developed to measure transalveolar transport of water, protons, and solutes in intact perfused lungs. Lungs from c57 mice were removed and perfused via the pulmonary artery (approximately 2 ml/min). The airspace was filled via the trachea with physiological saline containing a membrane-impermeant fluorescent indicator (FITC-dextran or aminonapthalene trisulfonic acid, ANTS). Because fluorescence is detected only near the lung surface due to light absorption by lung tissue, the surface fluorescence signal is directly proportional to indicator concentration. Confocal microscopy confirmed that the fluorescence signal arises from fluorophores in alveoli just beneath the pleural surface. Osmotic water permeability (Pf) was measured from the time course of intraalveolar FITC-dextran fluorescence in response to changes in perfusate osmolality. Transalveolar Pf was 0.017 +/- 0.001 cm/s at 23 degrees C, independent of the solute used to induce osmosis (sucrose, NaCl, urea), independent of osmotic gradient size and direction, weakly temperature dependent (Arrhenius activation energy 5.3 kcal/mol) and inhibited by HgCl2. Pf was not affected by cAMP activation but was decreased by 43% in lung exposed to hyperoxia for 5 d. Diffusional water permeability (Pd) and Pf were measured in the same lung from intraalveolar ANTS fluorescence, which increased by 1.8-fold upon addition of 50% D2O to the perfusate, Pd was 1.3 x 10(-5) cm/s at 23 degrees C. Transalveolar proton transport was measured from FITC-dextran fluorescence upon switching perfusate pH between 7.4 and 5.6; alveolar pH half-equilibrated in 1.9 and 1.0 min without and with HCO3-, respectively. These results indicate high transalveolar water permeability in mouse lung, implicating the involvement of molecular water channels, and establish a quantitative surface fluorescence method to measure water and solute permeabilities in intact lung.
Liver failure and mortality in HIV-positive haemophiliacs: FOURTEEN-YEAR EXPERIENCE AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Progression to clinical liver failure has been observed in hepatitis C (HCV)-infected, HIV-seropositive haemophiliacs. We studied the records of 176 haemophiliacs who were infected with HIV and/or HCV seen between 1980 and 1993. Thirty-two of 113 (28%) HIV-seropositive patients died during the study period. Ten of these patients died of liver failure, representing 31% of all mortality. An additional four HIV-seropositive patients who died of other causes had end-stage liver disease. Clinical liver failure occurred in 12% of the HIV-infected cohort. None of the HIV-seronegative, HCV-infected patients suffered from liver failure. Among HIV-infected patients, liver failure was associated with advanced age and decreased CD4 counts. Severe, sporadic ALT elevations were associated with liver failure; persistent transaminase elevations were associated with mortality. We conclude that HIV infection enhances progression of HCV infection to clinical liver failure, and that liver failure is a major cause of mortality in HIV-positive haemophiliacs.
Transition from Microscale-Faceted Structures to Ultra-Dense GaN Nanowires

Creation of nanoscale building blocks with various sizes and shapes are critical for the progress of nanotechnology. The synthesis of GaN nanowires by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Ga and NH 3 as source materials on SiO 2 /Si substrate was systematically studied. Various types of catalyst materials, including gold (film and nanoparticle), nickel (film and nanoparticle), silver, cobalt and iron, have been used. The growth runs have been carried out at temperatures between 800 and 1100 o C under two different carrier gases; H 2 and Ar. Initial growth runs using Ar as carrier gas resulted in microscale-faceted nanostructures and short nanorods regardless of the growth temperature or reactor pressure. We have successfully achieved ultra-dense interwoven long nanowires using hydrogen as carrier gas at 1100 o C. In fact, the yield has been very high for both gold and nickel catalysts. It should be emphasized that combination of high-temperature and hydrogen has resulted in ultra-dense interwoven long GaN nanowires. These results suggest a radical change in growth kinetics at high temperatures in the presence of H 2 . The GaN nanowire diameters are in the range of 15 nm to 50 nm and lengths up to hundred microns. The grown nanowires have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM with EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Growth and characterization of diamond films on nondiamond substrates for electronic applications

Recent advances in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and characterization of diamond films on nondiamond substrates are reviewed. Major growth techniques, including hot filament CVD; microwave, RF, or DC plasma enhanced CVD; and combustion flame growth; as well as a number of hybrid and novel approaches, are described and analyzed. Results from the major categories of diamond film characterization, including diamond phase identification, nucleation and interfacial phenomena, morphology, and defects, as well as their correlations with electrical properties, are examined and discussed. Although most of the information presented is equally applicable to protective and wear-resistant coating application, emphasis is placed in the areas most pertinent to microelectronics. >
Patterns of failure in primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Patterns of failure were analyzed in 30 patients with testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: 16 had stage IE disease, ten had stage IIE, and four had stage IV. After orchiectomy, two of the 16 patients with stage IE disease received no additional therapy, one received multiagent chemotherapy, and 13 received pelvic and para-aortic radiation. Twelve patients with stage IE disease had progression, and the median time to progression was 12 months. Of the 14 patients with extratesticular involvement (stage IIE or IV), one (stage IV) received no treatment after orchiectomy, three (stage IIE) received para-aortic and pelvic radiation, and ten (seven stage IIE and three stage IV) received multiagent chemotherapy with or without radiation. Eight of the patients with stage IIE or IV disease had progression, and the median time to progression was 11 months. Widespread extranodal progression was observed in 17 of the 20 patients who had progression. The tendency of testicular lymphoma for early systemic progression sugg...
Long-term increase in coherence between the basal ganglia and motor cortex after asphyxial cardiac arrest and resuscitation in developing rats

The basal ganglia are vulnerable to injury during cardiac arrest. Movement disorders are a common morbidity in survivors. Yet, neuronal motor network changes post-arrest remain poorly understood. We compared function of the motor network in adult rats that, during postnatal week 3, underwent 9.5 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest (n = 9) or sham intervention (n = 8). Six months after injury, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) from the primary motor cortex (MCx) and single neuron firing and LFP from the rat entopeduncular nucleus (EPN), which corresponds to the primate globus pallidus pars interna. Data were analyzed for firing rates, power, and coherence between MCx and EPN spike and LFP activity. Cardiac arrest survivors display chronic motor deficits. EPN firing rate is lower in cardiac arrest survivors (19.5 ± 2.4 Hz) compared with controls (27.4 ± 2.7 Hz; P < 0.05). Cardiac arrest survivors also demonstrate greater coherence between EPN single neurons and MCx LFP (3—100 Hz; P < 0.001). This increased coherence indicates abnormal synchrony in the neuronal motor network after cardiac arrest. Increased motor network synchrony is thought to be antikinetic in primary movement disorders. Characterization of motor network synchrony after cardiac arrest may help guide management of post-hypoxic movement disorders.
Financial sustainability of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment programs in emergency department settings (part of Economics of SBI symposium)

Background Substance misuse is a leading public health concern in the United States. Emergency departments (EDs) are thought to be an efficient environment in which to deliver screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) because a relatively high proportion of patients present with substance misuse. We developed a discrete event simulation model to track SBIRT program costs and revenues in an ED. The results inform the extent to which SBIRT can be sustained by insurance reimbursement in EDs.
Sustaining performance in financial sector e-businesses: best practices and lessons learned

The dotcom world brought-in many forms of online transactional businesses (e-businesses). The financial industry was the first to adopt the innovations of the e-business era due to the resulting efficiencies and a direct impact on their profits. The author's many years of research focused on studying and investigating the reasons for sustainability of performance in these e-businesses. This paper focuses on the characteristics and best practices of information centric e-businesses, such as the financial trading systems, that lead to sustained and successful performance. These e-businesses are created with the assumptions that information richness will facilitate their performance and they thrive on it. The paper investigates the impact of eight selected characteristics on the sustained performance of financial trading systems.
The Positive Side of Fairness: The Role of Organizational Justice in Positive Workplaces

Since its introduction over 25 years ago, organizational justice research has consistently received a great deal of attention across the many of the premier scholarly journals in the field of manag...
Effects of Heat on Nonoccluded Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Baculovirus) from Galleria mellonella Larvae

Virus-infectious “hemolymph” (free-virus) from diseased larvae of Galleria mellonella was found to be inactivated by temperatures above 38°C. The rate of inactivation was directly dependent upon the dosage of heat applied above this threshold. A dosage of 158 degree-minutes caused the inactivation of 50% of the free virus. Significant quantities of free virus may be inactivated in wax moth larvae exposed for short periods to temperatures above 38°C, hence-the course of disease in a larva may be altered or stopped and the rate of development of epizootics may be reduced.
Why don’tSaimiri oerstedii andCebus capucinus form mixed-species groups?

The instances of association with Cebus capucinustroops were monitored for 11 months as part of a field study of Saimiri oerstediiin a tropical wet forest in Costa Rica, Parque Nacional Corcovado. Contrary to the usual situation in South America, where S. sciureusforms persistent mixed-species groups with Cebus apella,in Corcovado S. oerstediirarely associated with Cebus capucinus;the frequencies were consistent with those expected from random association. Depending on the season, the S. oerstediitroop spent between 2.3 and 11.8% of its time in the vicinity of a Cebus capucinustroop. Most associations appeared to be chance meetings of short duration. When the two species did associate for an extended period, it was Cebus capucinus,and not S. oerstedii,that appeared to maintain the association, possibly in order to benefit from the antipredator behavior of S. oerstedii.There was no evidence that either species benefited from enhanced foraging efficiency when in association.
Thin Single Crystal Silicon on Oxide by Lateral Solid Phase Epitaxy of Amorphous Silicon and Silicon Germanium

The fabrication of 250 A thick, undoped, single crystal silicon on insulator by lateral solid phase epitaxial growth from amorphous silicon on oxide patterned (001) silicon substrates is reported. Amorphous silicon was grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at 525°C using disilane. Annealing at temperatures between 540 and 570°C is used to accomplish the lateral epitaxial growth. The process makes use of a Si/Si 1-x Ge x /Si stacked structure and selective etching. The thin Si 1-x Ge x etch stop layer (x=0.2) is deposited in the amorphous phase and crystallized simultaneously with the Si layers. The lateral growth distance of the epitaxial region was 2.5 μm from the substrate seed window. This represents a final lateral to vertical aspect ratio of 100:1 for the single crystal silicon over oxide regions after selective etching of the top sacrificial Si layer. The effects of Ge incorporation on the lateral epitaxial growth process are also discussed. The lateral epitaxial growth rate of 20% Ge alloys is enhanced by roughly a factor of three compared to the rate of Si films at an anneal temperature of 555°C. Increased random nucleation rates associated with Ge alloy films are shown to be an important consideration when employing Si 1-x Ge x to enhance lateral growth or as an etch stop layer.
Abstract 1658: Cell death and growth arrest pathways mediating the actions of stilbene 5c in HCT-116 colon cancer cells and B16F10 melanoma cells.

The stilbene derivative, cis-3, 4’, 5-trimethoxy-3’-aminostilbene (stilbene 5c), is a potentially potent antitumor agent that acts via binding to the colchicine-binding pocket in microtubules. Earlier studies have shown that stilbene 5c induces cell death in ovarian cancer cells and leukemic cells (Cao TM et al. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:390-7; Durrant D et al. Gynecol Oncol. 2008; 110:110-7).). The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of this microtubule poison against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line as well as B16F10 melanoma cells and its mechanisms of action. Time course studies demonstrated that stilbene 5c produces a decrease in cell viability in both cell lines. The capacity of the cells to proliferate was not restored upon removal of the drug after 5 days of exposure. Consistent with the results of the time course studies, β-galactosidase staining indicated that treatment with stilbene 5c also promotes senescence. In addition to senescence, HCT-116 cells and B16F10 melanoma cells treated with stilbene 5c displayed formation of autophagic vesicles by acridine orange staining, which was supported by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Further evidence of autophagy was derived from treatment of HCT116 cells expressing an RFP-LC3 construct with stilbene 5c, in which LC3 puncta formation increased in a time-dependent manner. DAPI staining, TUNEL, and Annexin 5 staining indicated that apoptosis is also occurring in stilbene 5c-treated HCT-116 cells. Cell cycle analysis of HCT116 cells demonstrated growth arrest at both G1 and G2/M, and an increase in the subG1 population at days 3 and 5, which correspond to senescence and apoptosis respectively. Interestingly, DAPI and Hoechst staining of HCT116 cells revealed morphological changes in the cell nuclei (binucleated and micronucleated cells), which suggest that mitotic catastrophe may also serve as a mode of cell death after treatment with stilbene 5c. Our studies also indicated that stilbene 5c works in a p53-independent manner. p53-null HCT116 cells demonstrated similar sensitivity to stilbene as p53-wild type HCT116 cells. Consistent with previous studies in other experimental cancer models, this work indicates that stilbene 5c could potentially be effective against melanoma and colon cancer through the promotion of multiple modes of cell death. Citation Format: Moureq R. Alotaibi. Cell death and growth arrest pathways mediating the actions of stilbene 5c in HCT-116 colon cancer cells and B16F10 melanoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1658
Research on the Occurrence Form of Sulfur in LF Refining Slag

(CaO-A1 2 O 3) slag and(CaO-SiO 2-A1 2 O 3) slag were synthesized with CaO,SiO 2 and A1 2 O 3 as main raw materials.The occurrence form of the sulfur in the slag under different cooling methods such as w ater-cooling and furnace-cooling w as investigated.The results show ed that 11CaO·7A1 2 O 3 ·CaS solid solution is the main occurrence form of sulfur in the CaO-A1 2 O 3 slag w ith the substrate of 12CaO·7A1 2 O 3.How ever,in the CaO-SiO 2-A1 2 O 3 slag,w hen the A1 2 O 3 content w as low,sulfur existed in the form of CaS single phase in both w ater and furnace cooling processes,w hile the A1 2 O 3 content w as high,sulfur existed in the form of CaS single phase w hen the slag w as w ater-cooled,w hile w hen the slag w as furnace cooled,the sulfur existed in the form of 11CaO·7A1 2 O 3 ·CaS solid solution.The occurrence form of sulfur in LF refining slags can be controlled by changing the cooling method and the composition of the slag.