cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A VLSI architecture for difference picture-based dynamic scene analysis

An efficient parallel architecture that exploits the parallelism and pipelining possible in the difference picture-based technique (IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machi Intelligence, vol. PAMI-3, no.5, p.489-543, (1981); Computer, p.12-18, Aug. (1981)) is presented for dynamic scene analysis. Each processor is organized as a pipeline, and the processor architecture is simple enough that the motion detection and classification system can be implemented on a single VLSI chip. The proposed VLSI architecture and the design of the various components of the basic processor are described. VLSI chip implementation issues are discussed. >
Contrasting Proteome Biology and Functional Heterogeneity of the 20 S Proteasome Complexes in Mammalian Tissues

The 20 S proteasome complexes are major contributors to the intracellular protein degradation machinery in mammalian cells. Systematic administration of proteasome inhibitors to combat disease (e.g. cancer) has resulted in positive outcomes as well as adversary effects. The latter was attributed to, at least in part, a lack of understanding in the organ-specific responses to inhibitors and the potential diversity of proteomes of these complexes in different tissues. Accordingly, we conducted a proteomic study to characterize the 20 S proteasome complexes and their postulated organ-specific responses in the heart and liver. The cardiac and hepatic 20 S proteasomes were isolated from the same mouse strain with identical genetic background. We examined the molecular composition, complex assembly, post-translational modifications and associating partners of these proteasome complexes. Our results revealed an organ-specific molecular organization of the 20 S proteasomes with distinguished patterns of post-translational modifications as well as unique complex assembly characteristics. Furthermore, the proteome diversities are concomitant with a functional heterogeneity of the proteolytic patterns exhibited by these two organs. In particular, the heart and liver displayed distinct activity profiles to two proteasome inhibitors, epoxomicin and Z-Pro-Nle-Asp-H. Finally, the heart and liver demonstrated contrasting regulatory mechanisms from the associating partners of these proteasomes. The functional heterogeneity of the mammalian 20 S proteasome complexes underscores the concept of divergent proteomes among organs in the context of an identical genome.
Life after Vouchers: What Happens to Students Who Leave Private Schools for the Traditional Public Sector?.

Few school choice evaluations consider students who leave such programs, and fewer still consider the effects of leaving these programs as policy-relevant outcomes. Using a representative sample of students from the citywide voucher program in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, we analyze more than 1,000 students who leave the program during a 4-year period. We show that low-performing voucher students tend to move from the voucher sector into lower performing and less effective public schools than the typical public school student attends, whereas high-performing students transfer to better public schools. In general, transferring students realize substantial achievement gains after moving to the public sector; these results are robust to multiple analytical approaches. This evidence has important implications for school choice policy and research.
An Enhanced Approach to Combine Item Response Theory With Cognitive Diagnosis in Adaptive Testing

Computerized adaptive testing offers the possibility of gaining information on both the overall ability and cognitive profile in a single assessment administration. Some algorithms aiming for these dual purposes have been proposed, including the shadow test approach, the dual information method (DIM), and the constraint weighted method. The current study proposed two new methods, aggregate ranked information index (ARI) and aggregate standardized information index (ASI), which appropriately addressed the noncompatibility issue inherent in the original DIM method. More flexible weighting schemes that put different emphasis on information about general ability (i.e., in item response theory) and information about cognitive profile (i.e., in cognitive diagnostic modeling) were also explored. Two simulation studies were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the new methods and weighting schemes. Results showed that the new methods with the flexible weighting schemes could produce more accurate estimation of both overall ability and cognitive profile than the original DIM. Among them, the ASI with both empirical and theoretical weights is recommended, and attribute-level weighting scheme is preferred if some attributes are considered more important from a substantive perspective.
Continued fraction expansion and inversion of the Cauer third form

The operation of expanding a rational transfer function into a continued fraction expansion of the Cauer third form and inverting a continued fraction expansion of the Cauer third form to a rational transfer function is extremely time consuming and laborious.
Fiber Grating Based 64-Channel Interleavers with 25GHz Channel Spacing and Flat-Top Passbands

An interleaver can separate odd and even channels into two signal streams. In this paper, a novel chirp fiber grating with 14cm length is designed by using the layer-peeling algorithm, which can implements the function of a broadband interleaver with 25GHz channel spacing. The interleaver has 64 channels and flat-top passbands, and its channel isolation is above 28.5dB. All passband central wavelengths are suited for ITU standards, moreover, this grating-based interleaver can be manufactured by existing technologies.
Applications of Gene Transfer in the Analysis of Gene Amplification

Gene amplification is a ubiquitous process that occurs under conditions in which elevated levels of specific gene products provide a cell with a growth advantage or are required for cellular differentiation to proceed. It has been shown to mediate the resistance of prokaryotes and eukaryotes to antiproliferative agents and adverse environmental conditions (for reviews, see Anderson and Roth, 1977; Biedler et al.,1983; Cowell, 1982; Hamlin et al., 1984; Schimke, 1984; Stark and Wahl, 1984) and to allow the accumulation of structural RNAs and specific proteins during development (e.g., see Hamlin et al., 1984; Stark and Wahl, 1984). A role for gene amplification in the development or progression of malignancy has also been proposed to account for the frequent amplification and overexpression of protooncogenes in a variety of tumor cells grown in vitro or isolated from patients in vivo (for reviews, see Bishop, 1983; Schimke, 1984).
Fangs of Malice: Hypocrisy, Sincerity, & Acting. By Matthew H. Wikander. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2002. $32.95 cloth.

In this invigorating analysis, Matthew H. Wikander weaves together themes of hypocrisy and sincerity in acting, plays, criticisms, and antitheatrical theories. At issue is how critiques of theatre, termed “antitheatricalism,” have used differing and even contradictory approaches to acting and performance. According to Wikander, there are fundamentally three kinds of antitheatrical critic. First are those who, following Plato, admonish theatre’ pretense and its association with play-acting, immorality, and deception. Next are those contemporary critics, particularly new historicists and feminists, who claim that all human action is merely a social performance, “with its attendant inability to distinguish hypocritical from sincere performance.” To such scholars, performing onstage is merely a facade, since acting is little more than an imitation of social constructs. Finally, there are the critics who, following Rousseau, “cherish sincerity and prize inner self” (xix). Such critics dismiss theatre and performance as shameful exhibitionism. From this perspective, those who believe in human volition and the presence of an essential, inner sincerity believe also that presenting the private self onstage is reprehensible. Wikander stakes out a “middle ground” between the theatrical and the antitheatrical, asking: “must we throw out the baby of sincerity with the bathwater of antitheatricalism?” (xix–xx). Wikander’s analysis traverses several selected moments of theatre history in consideration of the “problem of identifying acting as hypocrisy and stigmatizing actors as hypocrites,” as well as examining “the idea of slanders against actors, slanders that particularly privilege the value of sincerity and set it in opposition to performance of all kinds” (xxi).
The electrical activity of embryonic chick heart cells isolated in tissue culture singly or in interconnected cell sheets.

Embryonic chick heart cells were cultured on a plastic surface in sparse sheets of 2–50 cells mutually in contact, or isolated as single cells. Conditions are described which permitted conjoint cells to be impaled with recording microelectrodes with 75% success, and isolated single cells with 8% success. It is proposed that cells in electrical contact with neighbors are protected from irreversible damage by the penetrating electrode, by a flow of ions or other substances from connected cells across low-impedance intercellular junctions. Action potentials recorded from conjoint and isolated single cells were similar in form and amplitude. The height or shape of the action potential thus appears not to depend upon spatial relationships of one cell to another. As the external potassium concentration was increased from 1.3 mM to 6 mM, cells became hyperpolarized while the afterhyperpolarization was reduced. At higher potassium levels, the afterhyperpolarization disappeared, the slope of the slow diastolic depolarization decreased, and resting potential fell along a linear curve with a slope of 61 mv per 10-fold increase in potassium. In pacemaker cells the diastolic depolarization consists of two phases: (a) recovery from the afterpotential of the previous action potential and (b) the pacemaker potential. These phases are separated by a point of inflection, and represent manifestations of different mechanisms. Evidence is presented that it is the point of inflection (PBA) rather than the point of maximal diastolic potential, that should be taken as the resting potential.
Distinct requirements for T-bet in gut innate lymphoid cells.

Interleukin (IL)-22–producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; ILC22) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that are dependent on the transcription factor retinoid-related orphan γt (RORγt) and are critical for barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. A distinct ILC22 subset expresses the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 (NKp46+ ILC22); however, the factors that contribute to the generation of this population versus other subsets are largely unknown. Herein, we show that T-bet (encoded by Tbx21) was highly expressed in NKp46+ ILC22, a feature shared by all NKp46+ cells present in the intestine but not by other IL-22–producing populations. Accordingly, the absence of T-bet resulted in loss of NKp46+ ILC22 in the intestinal lamina propria. The residual NKp46+ ILC22 present in Tbx21−/− mice showed a marked reduction of Rorγt expression and impairment in IL-22 production. Generation and functions of gut NK1.1+ cells were also altered. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed a cell-intrinsic requirement for T-bet in these subsets and competitive reconstitution experiments revealed roles for T-bet in multiple ILC subsets. Thus, T-bet has a general importance for ILC in the gut and plays a selective and critical role in the generation of NKp46+ ILC22.
Assessment of technological literacy in the United States

Over the past decade, several prominent U.S. organizations have suggested Americans – particularly American students – should be more knowledgeable about technology to be successful, well-rounded citizens. However, these urgings have been made largely in the absence of data about technological literacy in the United States. The lack of such data reflects a near-absence of assessment of this critical competency. To help address this problem, The National Academies launched a study of the opportunities and obstacles to developing one or more scientifically valid and broadly useful assessment instruments for technological literacy. The paper provides background to the Academies and the study, proposes working definitions of technology and technological literacy, summarizes technology-related assessment instruments analyzed by the study committee, presents a conceptual framework suitable for constructing new assessments in this domain, and suggests future steps that might be needed to make assessment of technological literacy more prevalent.
Speech repairs, intonational phrases, and discourse markers: modeling speakers' utterances in spoken dialogue

Interactive spoken dialogue provides many new challenges for natural language understanding systems. One of the most critical challenges is simply determining the speaker's intended utterances: both segmenting a speaker's turn into utterances and determining the intended words in each utterance. Even assuming perfect word recognition, the latter problem is complicated by the occurrence of speech repairs, which occur where speakers go back and change (or repeat) something they just said. The words that are replaced or repeated are no longer part of the intended utterance, and so need to be identified. Segmenting turns and resolving repairs are strongly interwined with a third task: identifying discourse markers. Because of the interactions, and interactions with POS tagging and speech recognition, we need to address these tasks together and early on in the processing stream. This paper presents a statistical language model in which we redefine the speech recognition problem so that it includes the identification of POS tags, discourse markers, speech repairs, and intonational phrases. By solving these simultaneously, we obtain better results on each task than addressing them separately. Our model is able to identify 72% of turn-internal intonational boundaries with a precision of 71%, 97% of discourse markers with 96% precision, and detect and correct 66% of repairs with 74% precision.
Assisted autonomy of articulated snake robots

Our lab has developed new capabilities for snake robots that allow them to successfully navigate networks of pipes. Recent developments in the control and state estimation of snake robots have enabled these capabilities. The development of a gait-based compliant controller enables us to develop more complex motions while at the same time simplifying the controls for the operator. Additionally, new state estimation techniques that exploit the robot's redundant sensing allow accurate estimation of the robot's orientation and kinematic configuration, even when significant amounts of sensor feedback is missing or corrupted.
Behavior, Energy Balance, and Cancer: An Overview

There are arguably only three lifestyle behaviors that are imperative for survival. We can, for instance, survive without working, reading, listening to music, writing, traveling, or driving a car. However, humans (and animals) have to eat, move, and sleep in order to maintain life. All three of these behaviors have been linked to obesity as well as cancer. Thus, not only do obesity and cancer share some common mechanisms, consequences, and reciprocal influences, as shown in previous chapters, they also appear to be influenced by the same lifestyle behaviors.
Commentary on: Objective Sensory Changes Following Subfascial Breast Augmentation.

All testing in which a person is asked to respond to a touch stimulus is, by definition, subjective. “Objective sensory testing” is an oxymoron. Furthermore, it is sensibility, not sensitivity, that is being tested; the former, sensibility, meaning the neurophysiologic components (nerves, sensory end organs) and the latter, sensitivity, being the neurophysiologic property relating to stimulus intensity. The author of this paper1 supplies an appropriate reference2 for the statements just made. “Subfascial” in the title suggests that there is …
Experimental investigation of defect-assisted and intrinsic water vapor permeation through ultrabarrier films

In the development of ultrabarrier films for packaging electronics, the effective water vapor transmission rate is a combination of permeation through pinhole defects and the intrinsic permeation through the actual barrier film. While it is possible to measure the effective permeation rate through barriers, it is important to develop a better understanding of the contribution from defects to the overall effective barrier performance. Here, we demonstrate a method to investigate independently defect-assisted permeation and intrinsic permeation rates by observing the degradation of a calcium layer encapsulated with a hybrid barrier film, that is, prepared using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma enhanced deposition (PECVD). The results are rationalized using an analytical diffusion model to calculate the permeation rate as a function of spatial position within the barrier. It was observed that a barrier film consisting of a PECVD SiNx layer combined with an ALD Al2O3/HfOx nanolaminate resulted in a de...
Time-variant species pools shape competitive dynamics and biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships

Biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) experiments routinely employ common garden designs, drawing samples from a local biota. The communities from which taxa are sampled may not, however, be at equilibrium. To test for temporal changes in BEF relationships, I assembled the pools of aquatic bacterial strains isolated at different time points from leaves on the pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica in order to evaluate the strength, direction and drivers of the BEF relationship across a natural host-associated successional gradient. I constructed experimental communities using bacterial isolates from each time point and measured their respiration rates and competitive interactions. Communities assembled from mid-successional species pools showed the strongest positive relationships between community richness and respiration rates, driven primarily by linear additivity among isolates. Diffuse competition was common among all communities but greatest within mid-successional isolates. These results demonstrate the dependence of the BEF relationship on the temporal dynamics of the local species pool, implying that ecosystems may respond differently to the addition or removal of taxa at different points in time during succession.
Bonding studies in group IV substituted anilines

Abstract The solution ultraviolet spectra for N,N-dimethylaniline, p-t-butyl-, and p-trimethylsilyl-, p-trimethylgermyl-, and m-trimethylsilyl-N,N-dimethylaniline in acetonitrile and pentane are reported. The Group IV substituents perturb the excited states to a much larger extent than the ground states. Both the symmetric and antisymmetric π* levels are affected by π interaction with the trimethylsilyl and trimethylgermyl substituents. The magnitude of the effects are proportional to the π density at the point of substitution. Simple Huckel calculations correlate well with experimental transition energies. The model appears to exaggerate π interactions between silicon or germanium and the π* molecular orbitals.
Performance of Alloy M5® Cladding and Structure at Burnups beyond the Current Licensing Limit in U.S. Reactors

Achieving PWR fuel assembly burnups beyond currently licensed limits requires improved corrosion resistance as well as improvements in irradiation induced growth and creep. Over the last several years since the licensing of alloy M5 for general use in the U.S., the performance of M5 cladding and structural components in over 45 PWR's world wide (including 12 in the U.S.) has been well documented in the literature [1-5]. The subject of this paper is the performance of the alloy at burnups beyond currently licensed.In 1995, four fuel assemblies containing M5 fuel rod cladding began a demonstration program in a 15x15 U.S. reactor that would result in several fuel rods achieving a peak rod burnup of greater than 68 GWd/tU in four, 24-month operational cycles. In 1997, four advanced 17x17 lead assemblies with all M5 fuel rod cladding and guide tubes were introduced into a higher duty U.S. PWR for 3 cycles with a fourth lead assembly achieving a peak rod burnup of greater than 70GWd/tU in four, 18-month operational cycles.Reactor poolside and hot cell post irradiation examinations (PIE) of fuel rods and guide tubes from these two high burnup demonstrations began in 2005 with some examinations continuing into 2006-07. The results of examinations performed to date confirm the excellent inreactor behavior of alloy M5 observed in European reactors with similar burnups but varying (lower and higher) duty indices.
Nanoprobe Diffusion in Poly(Vinyl-alcohol) Gels and Solutions: Effects of pH and Dehydration

We report fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements of the translational diffusion of two fluorescent nanoprobes, rhodamine (R6G) and carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions and gels. The diffusion coefficient was measured as a function of the PVA concentration and pH. Furthermore, we designed and built an optical chamber to determine the diffusion coefficient of the nanoprobes within the PVA solutions and gels subjected to controlled dehydration. We find that 1) lowering pH causes an apparent slowing down of the diffusion of the nanoprobes, 2) increase of PVA concentration and crosslink density also induce slowing down of both nanoprobes, and 3) dehydration induces systematic decrease of the diffusion of TAMRA in both solutions and gels. Taken together, these results demonstrate that transient physical interactions between the nanoprobes and the PVA linear polymers have a significant effect upon nanoprobe diffusion.
On Advanced FEC and Coded Modulation for Ultra-High-Speed Optical Transmission

This tutorial paper presents an overview of advanced FEC and coded modulation (CM) for optical communications. It describes the following ultra-high-speed optical transport enabling techniques: codes on graphs (turbo-product and LDPC codes), rate-adaptive CM, and turbo equalization. Given the high potential of LDPC codes, several binary and nonbinary LDPC decoding algorithms are described and FPGA implementation is also discussed. We then demonstrate that some recently proposed attractive LDPC codes could in fact be represented as special instances of irregular quasi cyclic (QC)-LDPC codes from pairwise balanced designs (PBDs). In addition, we describe several LDPC-coded modulation schemes, including hybrid multidimensional CM, block-interleaved CM, multilevel coding, nonbinary (NB) LDPC-CM, and multilevel NB-LDPC-CM. We also demonstrate the application of turbo equalization and rate-adaptive coding in high-speed optical transmission to deal with fiber nonlinearities. Finally, an optimized signal constellation design approach as well as an optimized mapping rule has been discussed.
Military Development and Geographic Change on San Diego Bay

Interest in military geosciences spans a range of issues, including the role of terrains in past and modern warfare, management of military lands in different climatic regions, and the impact of local environmental conditions on military operations. Military geosciences can also seek to ascertain the degree to which past operational or facilities-related military activities themselves affected the associated environments; however, such evidence is often transient and dwarfed by the scale of surrounding natural landscapes. This is not the case at the maritime margin of the American desert southwest, where some military development has significantly altered the coastal geographies along which it occurred. This paper provides a historical overview of geographic change resulting from the development of Navy and Marine Corps installations around the margins of San Diego Bay during the first half of the twentieth Century. The consequences of this change continue to challenge the military’s current and future use of San Diego Bay.
How to increase measuring accuracy of orifice flowmeter

With the development of gas trade,the more accurate measuring of gas flow is required.Presently orifice flowmeter is the major gas flowmeter.In this paper,the main factors which affect the accuracy of orifice flowmeter are analyzed syntherically.In addition,some measures of improving the accuracy of orifice flowmeter are presented.
Effect of time of oocyte collection and site of insemination on oocyte transfer in mares.

The objective of the study was to compare embryo development rates after transfer of oocytes collected 22 or 33 h after hCG injection into recipients inseminated within the uterus or the oviduct. Oocytes were collected at approximately 22 or 33 h after hCG injections and incubated for approximately 16 or 1.5 h, respectively, before transfer. Intrauterine inseminations using 1 x 10 9 progressively motile sperm were done approximately 12 h before and 2 h after transfer. For intraoviductal inseminations (gamete intrafallopian transfer [GIFT]), semen was centrifuged through a Percoll gradient, and 200,000 progressively motile sperm were transferred with oocytes into the oviduct. Time of oocyte collection (22 or 33 h) after hCG injection did not affect embryo development rates (17/25, 68%, vs 12/23, 52%, respectively; P = 0.40). When results from oocyte collections at 22 and 33 h after hCG were combined, oocyte transfer with intraoviductal vs intrauterine insemination resulted in similar (P = 0.70) embryo development rates (12/22, 55%, and 17/26, 65%, respectively). However, the interaction between time of oocyte collection and site of insemination tended to be significant (P = 0.09), suggesting that GIFT using oocytes collected at 33 h after hCG may not be as effective as using oocytes collected at 22 h after hCG. Because intraoviductal insemination requires a low number of sperm, GIFT could be used in cases of male subfertility, frozen semen, or sexed sperm.
Emission Regulations in the United States

Table 1 lists the passenger car emission control requirements (current as of September, 1982) for all passenger cars sold in the United States except where waivers have been granted by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific vehicles. The law is currently under review (1982) so these requirements may be changed for future years. The 1981 exhaust standards represent a reduction from uncontrolled 1960 levels of 96% for HC, 96% for CO, and 76% for NOx.
Assessment of 3 Bowel Preparation Protocols for Computed Tomography Pneumocolonography in Normal Dogs.

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 different bowel preparation protocols on interpretation of computed tomography (CT) pneumocolonography images. Study Design Experimental crossover design. Animals Intact male, hound-cross, research colony dogs (n=4). Methods All dogs received the 3 different bowel preparation protocols for CT pneumocolonography in the same order, with a minimum of 2 weeks between protocols. For each segment of large bowel, the subjective adequacy of bowel cleansing was assessed, residual fecal and bowel volumes were calculated, and the density of fecal material in the bowel lumen was measured. Linear mixed effect models that included a random dog effect were used to evaluate mean differences in outcome measures across protocols. Results No dogs experienced any clinical problems associated with the protocols or CT pneumocolonography. Bowel cleansing was considered adequate for CT pneumocolonography interpretation for all 3 protocols. There was a significant effect of protocol on residual fecal volumes and the fecal:bowel volume ratio, with the 2 protocols that included an extended fast producing the lowest total residual fecal volumes. There was a significant effect of protocol on maximum measured density of residual fecal material with the 2 protocols including iodinated contrast having the highest density. Conclusions All protocols were sufficient for CT pneumocolonography interpretation and contrast-tagging of residual fecal material was successful with oral iopamidol administration. An at-home bowel cleansing protocol may provide adequate bowel cleansing for CT pneumocolonography image interpretation.
A Randomized, Crossover Trial of a Novel Sound-to-Sleep Mattress Technology in Children with Autism and Sleep Difficulties.

Study Objectives:This preliminary study investigated the tolerability and efficacy of a novel mattress technology—the Sound-To-Sleep (STS) system—in the treatment of sleep problems in children with...
The Repeat Player Effect in Child Protection Mediation: Dangers of and Protections against Second-Class Justice for Marginalized Parties

It has been over thirty years since Marc Galanter’s seminal piece introduced the concerns around whether repeat players control litigation results and thus limit opportunities for justice for the one shot litigants who are unfamiliar with the litigation process and have limited access to resources such as attorney representation. The question posed by this Article is whether or not the court annexed mediation process, specifically in child protection cases, is able to safeguard parties and provide one shot litigants with a more just outcome or whether it simply perpetuates the status quo of privileged repeat players in juvenile/family courts around the country — or worse, whether mediation is even a more favorable field of play for the repeat player seeking an advantage over a marginalized and/or pro se party? The article concludes with practical recommendations on how to design child protection programs in order to ensure a just outcome for all stakeholders.
Curation, Music, and Law

One hundred years ago in early 1917, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band released the first widely disseminated jazz recording. This recording included the song Livery Stable Blues, which quickly became the subject of copyright infringement litigation in the case Hart v. Graham. This case ended in a court decision that soon became virtually invisible, at least in the legal universe. This legal case highlights the impact of curation, long recognized in artistic spheres but generally not acknowledged as such in law. Discussions of curation are typically associated with dialogue in artistic arenas. However, pulling together, sifting through and selecting materials for presentation and representation evident in curation of art and music are pervasive in law. Law is represented, displayed, exhibited, and performed in varied contexts, many of which reflect curatorial activities. Acts of selection and representation may in turn reveal conscious and unconscious assumptions and biases. The shaping of black music as a category owes much to curation by varied actors in different locations at varied points in time. Consequently, what is thought to constitute black music is closely related to societal conceptions and individual understandings of what African American culture should be. The body of works that came to be categorized as black music constitutes a malleable category that has changed and that will continue to change with time, place, and circumstance. This paper assesses implications of curation for African American music and legal and other contexts within which such music has been created, circulated, and consumed.
Managing the Internet of Things

The number of devices connected to the Internet has increased dramatically in recent years, driven in large part by a new movement called the "Internet of Things" (IoT). With the IoT, new applications for Internet connectivity have emerged beyond just laptops and smartphones, to unite a heterogeneous collection of connecting points tied to various aspects of daily life (e.g., Internet-enabled appliances, vehicles and wearable computing devices). As more devices are added to the Internet each day, controlling their interaction has become very challenging. The goal of this project is to create a software solution that will manage connected devices and allow users to specify the meaning of the device interactions. To achieve this, we are currently creating an Internet of Things platform, Wendo, to handle device connections, and a website to manage these devices. The platform is hardware agnostic allowing users to run the software on their own devices that support the communication standards they need. Additionally, Wendo can be extended easily to support new communication standards as they are released. To allow non-programmers to take advantage of our platform, we created ThingScript, a simple domain-specific language that has an English-like syntax that can be adopted by end-users to define the relationship between devices. We determine what actions can be performed on a device by requiring a thing definition file (.tdef). This file includes information about the actions, events and public data of each device.
Ensemble Modeling of In Situ Features for Printed Electronics Manufacturing With In Situ Process Control Potential

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a direct-write-based printed electronics process that is capable to print various materials with fine features [C. Goth et al., “Aerosol jet printing on rapid prototyping materials for fine pitch electronic applications,” in Proc. IEEE 61st Electron. Compon. Technol. Conf., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, 2011, pp. 1211-1216.]. It eliminates the complex masking process in traditional semiconductor manufacturing, thus enables flexible electronics designs and reduces manufacturing cost. However, the quality control of AJP processes is still a challenging problem, primarily due to the lack of understanding of the potential root causes of the quality issues. There is a complex interaction among the process setting variables, in situ features, and product quality in AJP processes. In this letter, an ensemble modeling strategy is proposed to quantify the effect of the process setting variables on the in situ features, and the effect of the in situ features on the product quality in a two-level hierarchical way. By identifying significant in situ features as responses for the process setting variables, as well as significant predictors for the product quality in a joint model estimation problem, the proposed model has a hierarchical variable relationship to enable the in situ process control for variation reduction and defect mitigation. A real case study is investigated to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Functionalized Polyethylene Synthesis Via ADMET Chemistry

for more than fifty years now, synthetic chemist have sought to make functionalized polyethylene via transition metal catalyzed polymerization. Such catalytic routes offer the promise of microstructural control that has not been achieved with the current free radical techniques, and could significantly broaden the utility and range of properties of these polymers. Unfortunately, the use of available metal complexes has been precluded by their susceptibility to poisoning by heteroatoms [1]. However, recent research by the Brookhart
Cannabinoids Hyperemesis Syndrome

Introduction: Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is characterized by chronic marijuana use, cyclic vomiting, abdominal pain, and compulsive need to take hot showers. This syndrome is an episodic, recurrent disorder in which three phases have been described: a prodromal, hyper-emetic, and a recovery phase with resolution of symptoms upon cessation of marijuana use. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 33-year- old female with long history of cannabinoid use who presented to emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting for 3 days. She reported having recurrent similar episodes for the last 4 years, usually every 3 - 4 months. An extensive gastrointestinal evaluation was done before, but failed to identify a clear cause for her symptoms. Based on the diagnostic criteria for CHS, the diagnosis of CHS was made. After discharge the patient had a symptom-free period with the cessation of marijuana use. However, she relapsed later and her symptoms returned. Conclusions: This case illustrates the importance of having a high index of suspicion for CHS in patients with history of cannabis use, since earlier recognition of can help reduce unnecessary workups, doctor visits, and hospital admissions.
Linking photons and ultra-light particles

Abstract Similarities between thermally equilibrated photons and an ideal gas composed of highly relativistic (ultra-light) particles have long been noted, as has the fact that the two systems appear to have different energy distribution functions. Here this connection is revisited to show that all the dynamical variable distribution functions of the two systems become identical when results obtained from ultra-light gas kinetic theory are required to be consistent with independently obtained results of thermodynamics and electromagnetic theory. Thus, classical ultra-light particles, whose rest mass approaches zero, are predicted to have equilibrium velocities that are practically indistinguishable from the speed of light, and the corresponding kinetic energy distribution functions are predicted to transform from a Wien distribution to a Planck distribution with increasing particle number density.
Genetic Map Construction

Gene loci are grouped into different chromosomes. Within the same chromosome, the loci are linearly arranged because the chromosome is a string-like structure. The distribution of loci among chromosomes and the order of loci within chromosomes are called thegenetic map. The data used to construct the genetic map are the genotypes of these loci. From the genotypic data, we can estimate all pairwise recombination fractions. These estimated recombination fractions are used to construct the linkage map. Construction of the genetic map may be better called reconstruction of genetic map because the true genetic map is already present and we simply do not know about it. This is similar to the situation where phylogeny construction is more often called phylogeny reconstruction because we are not constructing the phylogeny of species; rather, we infer the existing phylogeny using observed data. Of course, the inferred map may not be the true one if the sample size is not sufficiently large.Map construction is the first step toward gene mapping (locating functional genes). There are two steps in genetic map construction. The first step is to classify markers into linkage groups according to the pairwiseLOD scores or thelikelihood ratio test statistics. A convenient rule is that all markers with pairwise LOD scores greater than 3 are classified into the same linkage group. A more efficient grouping rule may be chosen using a combination ofLOD score and therecombination fraction. For example, loci A and B may be grouped together if LOD AB > 3 and r AB < 0. 45. Grouping markers into the same linkage group is straightforward, and no additional technique is required other than comparing the LOD score of each pair of markers to a predetermined LOD criterion. If we choose a more stringent criterion, some markers may not be assigned into any linkage groups. These markers are calledsatellite markers. On the other hand, if we choose a less stringent criterion, markers on different chromosomes may be assigned into the same linkage group. The second step of genetic mapping is to find the optimal orders of the markers within the same linkage groups. In this chapter, we only discuss the second step of map construction.
Model-Based Signal Processing Techniques for Ultrasonic Flaw Detection: Simulation Studies

The ultrasonic signals observed in inspection processes can often be accurately predicted by suitable measurement models. These model predictions can be used to provide important information to guide the development of subsequent signal processing algorithms. Here such a hybrid use of ultrasonic modeling and signal processing is demonstrated in the context of the problem of detecting ultrasonic flaw signals in noise. In particular, we wish to apply this hybrid methodology as an initial approach to solving the problem of detecting hard-alpha inclusions in titanium alloys.
Computed tomography-based texture analysis of bladder cancer: differentiating urothelial carcinoma from micropapillary carcinoma

The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility of using computed tomography-based texture analysis (CTTA) in differentiating between urothelial carcinomas (UC) of the bladder from micropapillary carcinomas (MPC) of the bladder. Regions of interests (ROIs) of computerized tomography (CT) images of 33 MPCs and 33 UCs were manually segmented and saved. Custom MATLAB code was used to extract voxel information corresponding to the ROI. The segmented tumors were input to a pre-existing radiomics platform with a CTTA panel. A total of 58 texture metrics were extracted using four different texture extraction techniques and statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to determine the differences between UCs and MPCs. Of the 58 texture metrics extracted using the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray level difference matrix (GLDM), 28 texture metrics were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for differences in tumor textures and 27 texture metrics were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for peritumoral fat textures. The remaining nine metrics extracted using histogram and fast Fourier transform analyses did not show significant differences between the textures of the tumors and their peritumoral fat. CTTA shows that MPC have a more heterogeneous texture compared to UC. As visual discrimination of MPC from UC from clinical CT scans are difficult, results from this study suggest that tumor heterogeneity extracted using GLCM and GLDM may be a good imaging aid in segregating MPC from UC. This tool can aid clinicians in further sub-classifying bladder cancers on routine imaging, a process which has potential to alter treatment and patient care.
In Situ Chemical Analysis of the Gas–Aerosol Particle Interface

The gas–aerosol particle interface is believed to contribute to the growth of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Despite its importance, the chemical composition of the interface has not been probed directly because of a lack of suitable interface-specific analytical techniques. The preliminary result in our early work has demonstrated direct observations of molecules at the gas–aerosol particle interface with the development of second harmonic scattering (SHS). However, the SHS technique is far away from being an analytical tool of chemical compositions at the gas–aerosol particle interface. In this work, we continued to develop the interface-specific SHS for in situ chemical analysis of molecules at the gas–aerosol particle interface. As an example, we demonstrated coherent SHS signal of a new SHS probe, crystal violet (CV), from interfaces of aerosol particles. The development of the SHS technique includes: (1) Optimization for a more efficient femtosecond laser system in the generation of S...
The Healing Power of the Santuario de Chimayó: America’s Miraculous Church, by Brett Hendrickson, New York, New York University Press, 2017, xi + 245 pp., US$30.00 (paperback), ISBN 978 1 4798 8427 8

Years ago on a vacation to the mountains of Northern New Mexico, I found myself visiting the Santuario de Chimayo, a small colonial-era adobe Catholic Church known for its miraculous healing dirt. ...
Police use of force and its video coverage: An experimental study of the impact of media source and content on public perceptions

Abstract Purpose To explore the influence of media source, suspect's alleged criminal activity, and the rater's socio-demographic attributes on public ratings of video incidents of police use of force (PUF). Methods A national online sample of 581 adults viewed and evaluated four different PUF videos in a 3 × 3 experimental design.Study participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions involving differences in (1) media sources and (2) suspect's alleged criminal activity.The dependent variables included ratings of the credibility of the video's media source (i.e., trust in the source and accuracy of its video account) and the officer's conduct (i.e., excessive force, justifiable force).The independent and moderating variables included the experimental conditions, personal salience of PUF incidents, the rater's use of different media sources, and other socio-demographic attributes. Results Three major results were found in this study: (1) video accounts of PUF are rated as more trustworthy when the video is attributed to “national TV news” source than “social media” outlets, (2) ratings of excessive force are more likely in PUF incidents when they involve a more dangerous offender (i.e., an alleged murder vs. shoplifter), and (3) the impact of the individual's socio-demographic characteristics on these public perceptions are strongly moderated by the personal salience of PUF incidents to the rater and their pattern of daily usage of conventional and social media. Conclusions The visual content in short, video clips of PUF incidents strongly influences public attitudes about the officer's conduct as excessive and unjustifiable.However, by the timely release of the video images and framing them within their wider context, police departments may better demonstrate transparency and help overcome various cognitive biases that may underlie adverse public reactions to PUF incidents.
Abstract 73: The True Cost of Stroke: Assessment of Direct and Indirect Cost of Stroke Among All Age Groups in United States of America From 2003 to 2014

Introduction: Researchers have looked at medical expenses directly associated with stroke care, however, there is a paucity of data regarding indirect costs associated with productivity loss, espec...
A Universal Nonparametric Event Detection Framework for Neuropixels Data

Neuropixels probes present exciting new opportunities for neuroscience, but such large-scale high-density recordings also introduce unprecedented challenges in data analysis. Neuropixels data usually consist of hundreds or thousands of long stretches of sequential spiking activities that evolve non-stationarily over time and are often governed by complex, unknown dynamics. Extracting meaningful information from the Neuropixels recordings is a non-trial task. Here we introduce a general-purpose, graph-based statistical framework that, without imposing any parametric assumptions, detects points in time at which population spiking activity exhibits simultaneous changes as well as changes that only occur in a subset of the neural population, referred to as "change-points". The sequence of change-point events can be interpreted as a footprint of neural population activities, which allows us to relate behavior to simultaneously recorded high-dimensional neural activities across multiple brain regions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with an analysis of Neuropixels recordings during spontaneous behavior of an awake mouse in darkness. We observe that change-point dynamics in some brain regions display biologically interesting patterns that hint at functional pathways, as well as temporally-precise coordination with behavioral dynamics. We hypothesize that neural activities underlying spontaneous behavior, though distributed brainwide, show evidences for network modularity. Moreover, we envision the proposed framework to be a useful off-the-shelf analysis tool to the neuroscience community as new electrophysiological recording techniques continue to drive an explosive proliferation in the number and size of data sets.