cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
what visual journalists think others think The perceived impact of news photographs on public opinion formation

A survey of photojournalists and press photo editors (N = 516) examined the perceived level of impact of graphic photographs on fear of further terrorist attacks, perceptions of the U.S. government, issues of national security and civil liberties, support for military actions in Afghanistan, as well as perceptions of Islam, Arabs, and Muslims. Results reveal visual journalists believe their work can have powerful effects on the public under certain circumstances. Overall, respondents were more likely to rate visuals that ran from 9/11 to be more powerful than visuals that ran from the Afghan War. Further, data analysis offers support for the sociology of news perspective. Findings indicate homogeneous attitudes towards the impact of visual messages on the public.
The Expression of Serotonin Receptors by Cultured Rat Schwann Cells Is a Function of Their Differentiation: Correlation with a Quiescent Myelinating Phenotype ☆

Previously we reported that cultured rat Schwann cells express 5-HT2A receptors. In the present study we compared the serotonin-responsiveness of Schwann cells with their stage of differentiation. Serotonin-responsiveness occurred in cells that expressed a myelinating marker but not a nonmyelinating marker. We also examined cells to see if those responding to 5-HT were selectively proliferating or quiescent. This was accomplished by pulsing cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), screening them for serotonin responses, and then immunolabeling the same cells with an antibody recognizing BrdUrd. No BrdUrd+ cells responded to serotonin, whereas most BrdUrd- cells did respond, indicating that serotonin receptors are expressed in Schwann cells after they become quiescent. Moreover, detection of the responses is enhanced by reducing concentrations of mitogen-containing serum in the culture medium. Collectively, these results suggest that postmitotic Schwann cells express serotonin receptors while differentiating along the myelinating lineage.
Agency Costs and Equity Mispricing

We investigate a link between agency costs and equity mispricing. We employ comprehensive, multi-dimensional measures of agency costs and mispricing, and find that mispricing is significantly and positively related to agency costs. We also explore the effect of equity-based compensation on the impact of agency costs on mispricing. Our investigation extends previous studies that do not separately account for the options and restricted stock grants components of equity-based compensation. We show that stock options, originally intended to resolve conflicts of interest, exaggerate the problem and this phenomenon is pronounced especially when firms are overvalued. Overall, our results imply that compensation packages that are not structured optimally could lead to greater mispricing.
Addiction Education and Training for Counselors: A Qualitative Study of Five Experts

Five themes emerged based on interviews of faculty with addiction counseling expertise. The findings are relevant to practitioners, educators, and students. Recommendations for the counseling field are addressed, and suggestions for addiction content, course design, and pedagogy are included.
Synthesizing Novel Views from Unregistered 2‐D Images

Synthesizing the image of a 3-D scene as it would be captured by a camera from an arbitrary viewpoint is a central problem in Computer Graphics. Given a complete 3-D model, it is possible to render the scene from any viewpoint. The construction of models is a tedious task. Here, we propose to bypass the model construction phase altogether, and to generate images of a 3-D scene from any novel viewpoint from prestored images. Unlike methods presented so far, we propose to completely avoid inferring and reasoning in 3-D by using projective invariants. These invariants are derived from corresponding points in the prestored images. The correspondences between features are established off-line in a semi-automated way. It is then possible to generate wireframe animation in real time on a standard computing platform. Well understood texture mapping methods can be applied to the wireframes to realistically render new images from the prestored ones. The method proposed here should allow the integration of computer generated and real imagery for applications such as walkthroughs in realistic virtual environments. We illustrate our approach on synthetic and real indoor and outdoor images.
Dynamics of central and peripheral immunomodulation in a murine glioma model

Immunosuppression by gliomas contributes to tumor progression and treatment resistance. It is not known when immunosuppression occurs during tumor development but it likely involves cross-talk among tumor cells, tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), and peripheral as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We have performed a kinetic study of this immunomodulation, assessing the dynamics of immune infiltration and function, within the central nervous system (CNS) and peripherally. PDGF-driven murine glioma cells were injected into the white matter of 13 mice. Four mice were sacrificed 13 days post-injection (dpi), four mice at 26 dpi, and five mice at 40 dpi. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, splenic T cells were assessed for FoxP3 expression to identify regulatory T cells (Tregs) and production of IFN-γ and IL-10 after stimulation with PMA/ionomycin; within the CNS, CD4+ TILs were quantified, and TAMs were quantified and assessed for TNF-α and IL-10 production after stimulation with LPS. Peripheral changes associated with tumor development were noted prior to effects within the CNS. The percentage of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased by day 26, with elevated frequencies throughout the duration of the study. This early increase in Tregs was paralleled by an increase in IL-10 production from Tregs. At the final time points examined (tumor morbidity or 40 dpi), there was an increase in the frequency of TAMs with decreased capacity to secrete TNF-α. An increase in TIL frequency was also observed at these final time points. These data provide insight into the kinetics of the immunosuppressive state associated with tumor growth in a murine model of human gliomas. Functional impairment of TAMs occurs relatively late in the course of GBM tumor growth, potentially providing a window of opportunity for therapeutic strategies directed towards preventing their functional impairment.
β-Endorphin/ACTH immunocytochemistry in the CNS of the lizard Anolis carolinensis: Evidence for a major mesencephalic cell group

The immunocytochemical distribution of @-endorphin and other proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides in the central nervous system of the lizard Anolis carolinensis was determined. Colchicine pretreatment was used to enhance perikaryal immunoreactivity. A major finding of this study is the localization of a previously undetected mesencephalic cell group which exhibits immunoreactivity to 0-endorphin, ACTH, and a-MSH. The perikarya of these neurons are large, bipolar, and situated in the mesencephalic tegmental area. They appear to project to the mesencephalic central gray and other brainstem structures. In contrast, the immunoreactive parvicellular perikarya of the medial-basal hypothalamus, corresponding to the POMC perikarya of the rodent arcuate nucleus, exhibit major rostra1 projections to various telencephalic and diencephalic structures. The exact extent of fiber projections and innervation patterns arising from either of these two groups is not clear at this time and will require further analyses. Scattered fiber immunoreactivity was also seen in the medial cerebral cortex and the striatal complex, regions which apparently are not innervated by 0-endorphin fibers in the rodent brain. Also, no immunoreactivity was seen to an antiserum to the 16K peptide of POMC. Other similarities and differences in the brain distribution of POMC in reptiles and mammals are discussed.
Endosonography/Bile Drainage Combination for Difficult-to-Diagnose Gallbladder Disease

The diagnosis of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis is often straightforward, particularly when transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) reveals gallstones or other abnormalities of the gallbladder. There remain many patients, however, with typical biliary pain and normal findings on TUS. This latter group of patients, in which women constitute a large majority, often undergo considerable suffering. Their medical care can also be quite costly. Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy and stimulated biliary drainage (SBD) have been proposed for difficult-to-diagnose gallbladder disease, but they both have limitations. Cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy may not predict postoperative outcomes with a high degree of reliability. The processing and interpretation of bile drainage specimens is not standardized, and the sensitivity of SBD is less than that of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Combined endoscopic ultrasound and stimulated biliary drainage (EUS/SBD) offers a high degree of sensitivity in the diagnosis of cholecystitis and microlithiasis. Positive EUS/SBD is also highly correlated with long-term symptom resolution or relief following cholecystectomy.
Influence of Concreteness and Accessibility on Concept-Thinking:

The problem and design of these experiments developed from many sources, among which were Welch and Welch and Long's work on levels or hierarchies of concepts, and the roles played by discrimination, generalization, and memory in concept-formation (27, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 ) ; Maier's work on the influence of perception and memory on problem-solving, and his insistence upon more difficult rhinking tasks in experimentation with thinking processes (28); an interest in the role of action, motion, or manipulation in the development of thinking; and, of course, Heidbreder's whole series of experiments on concept-thinking (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24). By means of a serial modified-memory technique, Heidbreder found an object-form-number sequence of concept-attainment which she accounted for by a thing-character theory: within a certain delimited range of activity, the readiest conceptual achievement is that which requires the slightest departure from the kind of activity involved in perceiving concrete objects. However, this sequence broke down in sorting experiments, and Heidbreder suggested a second explanatory factor, sitaationul sapport: conceptual achievements occur more or less readily as more or less support is provided by the situation for effective perceptual participation in the performance of conceptual tasks. The situational support is controllable by varying the experimental procedures or materials. Sorting-type procedures and serial-type procedures differ mainly in the degree to which the concept instances are made accessible to perception. In a serial method, the instances of a concept appearing in the first series must be remembered for comparison with instances of that concept in later series, while in sorting or simultaneous methods, the instances are all present and available. A direct comparison of results between Heidbreder's sorting experiments and serial-method experiments was made difficult because of the different ways in which the data were scored. Consequently the experiment reported here attempted to devise a technique which would provide some of the kinds of data obtainable in sorting-type techniques and yet permit a more direct comparison of scores with serial-type techniques. For this reason our two
Anecdotes from ITMAT: building capacity for translational science.

Penn’s Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT) is the world’s first academic structure devoted to translational science. With programmatic, infrastructural, and educational components, it has more than 2,000 members drawn from all the schools of Penn, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), the Wistar and Monell Institutes, and the University of the Sciences. The conception, development, and features of ITMAT are discussed here along with lessons learned over the past nine years. What do we mean by translational science? It means so many different things to different people—and perhaps that partly explains why it has been controversial. I was initially asked to write an article in support of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium and its relevance to bioinnovation; this was to be the “pro” article in a debate format. When the editors were unsuccessful in recruiting a CTSA principal investigator (PI) to adopt the “con” position (in a public forum), it was suggested that I take the opportunity to argue with myself. Although perverse, this proposition was tempting; Dubliners have never formed a movement without rapidly progressing to the split. However, given that ITMAT was the world’s first academic entity designed specifically to foster translational science, I thought it might be more helpful to reflect on the evolution of the concept, its reduction to practice, and lessons learned. We could then consider the challenges and the opportunities confronting the CTSA program in the future—among them how best to foster bioinnovation. A word of caution: reflections on this Joycean journey are from a strictly personal perspective.
The Spectacular Undular Bore in Iowa on 2 October 2007

A visually impressive undular bore moved across much of Iowa on 2 October 2007, and video animations were captured by numerous Webcams. The bore was sampled very well by Doppler radar at close range, and also by the high-density mesoscale network of surface stations in place over Iowa and 1-min Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) surface data at Des Moines, Iowa. Radar and surface observations are presented, along with a brief analysis of the structure of the bore.
A Commentary on New Roles and the Construction of Professional Community

Abstract Teachers and teacher educators in four quite different circumstances celebrate the emergence of new roles and relationships in teaching, and record — with some candor—the tensions and trade-offs that teachers encounter in pursuing them. In each of these settings, and in quite different ways, teachers are embracing larger conceptions of what it means to be a teacher. In doing so, they are discovering the possibilities that reside in a wider professional community. They are also confronting the tensions that arise when new modes of “being a teacher” collide with the established structures of schooling and culture of teaching.
Measurement of stress concentration in a fiber adjacent to a fiber break in a model composite

The axial stress in a continuous fiber adjacent to a broken fiber has been measured directly. The model composites used are hybrid and comprise of a single fiber of either Nicalon or carbon flanked by two Kevlar fibers and embedded in a large cross-section of epoxy resin. The center fiber breaks cleanly at small strains, and the axial stress in Kevlar fibers can be measured within the transparent matrix by using a Raman microprobe. The laser probe was focused to about 10 μm, so this was the spatial resolution of the stress measurement. The stress transfer length of about 200 μm agrees with theory and photoelastic measurements, but the stress concentration factor does not agree with theoretical predictions. A significant amount of load is transferred to the matrix in the geometry used here. Load transfer models based on the concept of an effective radial interaction distance are proposed which give a better agreement with the measured stress concentration factors.
Reduced substrate affinity for human erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase constitutes the inherent biochemical defect in porphyria cutanea tarda.

The pathogenesis of human porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is associated with an intrinsic abnormality of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme. To characterize this, we studied the kinetic properties of the red cell enzyme procured from patients with various forms of PCT and non-porphyric controls. The enzyme activity (units/mg hemoglobin) in the red cell hemolysate was close to normal in sporadic PCT but about 75% diminished in the familial PCT. The Michaelis constants (K m ) of 200-fold purified red cell enzyme preparations, determined by using pentacarboxylic porphyrinogen I and uroporphyrinogen I as substrates, were more than 3.8–4.0 times higher, and the maximum velocity (V max ) was about 70% diminished in familial PCT, whereas the K m was about 1.7–1.9 times higher and the Vmax was more or less normal for sporadic PCT. These observations suggest for the first time that the primary lesion in familial PCT is a genetically determined kinetic abnormality of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase which appears to be different from the sporadic form of the disease.
Reactions of actinide metal atoms with ethane: computation and observation of new Th and U ethylidene dihydride, metallacyclopropane dihydride, and vinyl metal trihydride complexes.

A combined computational and experimental investigation provides evidence that excited thorium and uranium atoms activate ethane to form the vinyl metal trihydride, metallacyclopropane dihydride, and ethylidene metal dihydride for thorium and the latter complex and the inserted ethyl metal hydride for uranium. These products are trapped in solid argon and identified through deuterium isotopic substitution and vibrational frequencies calculated by densitiy functional theory. Comparisons are made with group 4 and methane reaction products. Numerous calculations using several methods show that these simple ethylidene complexes are more distorted by the agostic interaction than the corresponding methylidene species. This enhanced agostic interaction probably arises from methyl hydrogen to α-H repulsions, which leads to a substantial decrease in the α-H to Th agostic interaction distance, and contributes to our understanding of agostic distortion in organometallic complexes.
Radiation safety survey at universities, colleges and research facilities

Abstract Radiation Safety Programs at universities and colleges in the United States are responsible for the use, transport, and disposal of radioactive materials within the academic setting. The Radiation Safety Program must be designed in such a way as to ensure the safe use of radioactive material and minimum radiation exposure to radionuclide users. As part of a needs assessment to study the incidents and accidents related to use of radioactive material which occur in the academic setting, a Radiation Safety Questionnaire was sent to Radiation Safety Officers in the United States. Twenty percent of the surveys were addressed to research facilities for comparison purposes. Accidents and incidents involving the use of radiation were analyzed and correlated to the number of Radiation Safety Officers (RSOs) employed, support staff, and size of student body. Radiation Safety Program strength was compared with NRC violations to relate program capability with results. Data suggests an association between the...
An 11 $\mu{\rm W}$ Sub-pJ/bit Reconfigurable Transceiver for mm-Sized Wireless Implants

A wirelessly powered 11 $\mu {\rm W}$ transceiver for implantable devices has been designed and demonstrated through 35 mm of porcine heart tissue. The prototype was implemented in 65 nm CMOS occupying 1 mm $\,\times\,$ 1 mm with a 2 mm $\,\times\,$ 2 mm off-chip antenna. The IC consists of a rectifier, regulator, demodulator, modulator, controller, and sensor interface. The forward link transfers power and data on a 1.32 GHz carrier using low-depth ASK modulation that minimizes impact on power delivery and achieves from 4 to 20 Mbps with 0.3 pJ/bit at 4 Mbps. The backscattering link modulates the antenna impedance with a configurable load for operation in diverse biological environments and achieves up to 2 Mbps at 0.7 pJ/bit. The device supports TDMA, allowing for operation of multiple devices from a single external transceiver.
Microtubule organization during zoosporogenesis in Allomyces macrogynus

The microtubule cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic organization ofAllomyces macrogynus during zoosporogenesis was studied using light and electron microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescence methods revealed that the microtubule cytoskeleton progressed through three distinct stages of cytoplasmic distribution during zoospore development. During the first 10 minutes of zoosporogenesis, nuclei were strictly located in the periphery of the cytoplasm, and their associated centrosomes were positioned immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. Microtubules emanated from centrosomes into the surrounding cytoplasm. Within 20 to 30 min after the induction of zoosporangial cleavage, nuclei migrated to new positions throughout the sporangial cytoplasm and microtubule arrays were primarily organized at and emanated from nuclear surfaces. During the final stage of zoosporogenesis, nuclear envelope-associated microtubules were not observed. Instead, primary organization of cytoplasmic microtubules returned to centrosomes (i.e., basal bodies) and flagella formation was evident. The MPM-2 antibody, which recognizes phosphorylated epitopes of several proteins associated with microtubule nucleation, stained centrosome regions throughout zoosporogenesis but did not stain nuclear envelopes.
Myasthenia gravis: clinical features, pathogenesis, evaluation, and medical management.

Myasthenia gravis is a disorder characterized by weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles. The muscular disorder is generalized in 85% and confined to extraocular muscles in 15% of patients. The disease is graded based on pattern and severity of muscular involvement. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease which leads to a reduction of the number of acctylcholine receptors (Ach-R) at the muscular motor endplate. This results in less receptors available for stimulation, lower amplitude stimulations, less muscle fiber activation, and the resultant clinical findings of weakness in the affected muscles. The work-up and treatment of this disease originated from an understanding of its pathogenesis. Diagnostic tests include use of anticholinesterase agents (tensilon test), curare test, repetitive nerve stimulation, Ach-R antibody assay, and single fiber electromyography. Medical therapy includes use of anticholinesterase agents, immunotherapy, and plasmapheresis.
Elastic/Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

A constitutive model to describe the elastic/viscoplastic behavior of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites under plane stress conditions is presented. Formulations are given for quasi-static plasticity and time-dependent viscoplasticity. Experimental procedures required to generate the necessary material constants are explained, and the experimental data is compared to the predicted behavior.
Epitaxial growth and homoepitaxy of Pt(110) and Cu(110) on SrTiO3(110)

We present a procedure for the growth of (110) oriented Pt and Cu on SrTiO 3 (110). This procedure provides excellent single crystal quality for both the Pt and the Cu films. We study the homoepitaxial behavior of Pt(110) and Cu(110) using low energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The Pt(110) surface is unstable to homoepitaxy at 600 o C, resulting in a faceted surface exposing (111) terraces which are thousands of angstroms long and ≤100 A wide. The Cu(110) surface undergoes spontaneous roughening below 300 o C during homoepitaxy
An absolute metabolic scope for activity.

Abstract The basic concept, discussed and reviewed, is that an organism of set mass has a set total metabolism and the rate at which utilisation of this total metabolism proceeds determines the individual time scale of an organism. To demonstrate this postulate the allometric relationships that exist between metabolic rate and mass are reviewed and expanded to include their relations to longevity. A finite total metabolism is seen as an absolute metabolic scope for activity and is discussed in relation to: the basal metabolic rate and its own capacity or scope for change; conditions of changing mass, growth: the timing of events other than death, with examples from such fields as development, population biology, human perception, and physiology. In the latter example particular regard is paid to the differences between ectothermal and endothermal organisms and their internal regulative capacity. It is concluded that the concept of an absolute metabolic scope is important in that it defines biokinetic limits.
Questioning Trends in University Dance

This article revisits ideas put forward at the beginning of an academic career and discusses the ways in which time and experience within academe has shifted my perspective. Specifically, focusing ...
Recurrent Respiratory Depression Associated with Fentanyl Transdermal Patch Gel Reservoir Ingestion

Abstract Background Opioid abuse is common in the United States and is currently on the rise. Fentanyl transdermal patches (FTPs) have been on the market since 1991, and have recently become a popular source of opioids for abusers. There are currently two distinct FTP designs available on the market today; a gel reservoir system and a matrix construct. The gel reservoirs of FTPs contain massive amounts of fentanyl and are easily extractable for abuse. Ingesting the gel reservoir of an FTP is potentially lethal. Case Series In this case series, 4 patients ingested the gel reservoir of an FTP and experienced severe and recurrent respiratory depression necessitating continuous naloxone infusions. All patients responded adequately to initial prehospital doses of naloxone (0.8–2 mg intravenous) but developed recurrent respiratory depression within 2 h of presentation to the hospital. Conclusion The gel reservoir of an FTP contains massive amounts of fentanyl. Ingestion of the gel may cause severe and recurrent respiratory depression necessitating repeated naloxone boluses, continuous naloxone infusion, and a prolonged observation period.
Preparation of monoliths from single crosslinking monomers for reversed-phase capillary chromatography of small molecules

Abstract Highly cross-linked networks resulting from single crosslinking monomers were found to enhance the concentrations of mesopores in, and the surface areas of, polymeric monoliths. Four crosslinking monomers, i.e., bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BADMA), bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (BAEDA, EO/phenol = 2 or 4) and pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate (PDAM), were used to synthesize monolithic capillary columns for reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) of small molecules. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and decanol were chosen as good and poor porogenic solvents for BAEDA-2 and BAEDA-4 monoliths. For the formation of the BADMA monolith, THF was replaced with dimethylformamide (DMF) to improve the column reproducibility. Appropriate combinations of THF, isopropyl alcohol and an additional triblock poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) or PPO–PEO–PPO porogen were found to be effective in forming rigid PDAM monoliths with the desired porosities. Selection of porogens for the BADMA and PDAM monoliths was investigated in further detail to provide more insight into porogen selection. Isocratic elution of alkyl benzenes at a flow rate of 0.3 μL/min was conducted for BADMA and PDAM monoliths. The peaks showed little tailing on both monoliths without addition of acid to the mobile phase. The column efficiency measured for pentylbenzene using the BADMA monolithic column was 60,208 plates/m (k = 7.9). Gradient elution of alkyl benzenes and alkyl parabens was achieved with high resolution. Optimized monoliths synthesized from all four crosslinking monomers showed high permeability, and demonstrated little swelling or shrinking in different polarity solvents. Column preparation was highly reproducible; relative standard deviation (RSD) values were less than 1.2% and 7.5% based on retention times and peak areas, respectively, of alkyl benzenes.
A BENEFIT‐COST ANALYSIS OF A REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVE: STATE LOANS*

The luster of economic growth, the existence of depressed regions, and the fear of competition from giveaway programs in other states have all resulted in state governments adopting a rash of programs designed to encourage a strong manufacturing base for their economy. Many economists feel uneasy about the rapid spread of such industrial incentive programs as tax breaks, government loans, and industrial revenue bonds.1 The literature of public finance, development, and regional economics contains many interesting studies examining the wisdom of these undertakings. This paper hopes to contribute by developing a method of benefit-cost analysis for appraisal of industrial incentive programs. Even though the model is constructed for and applied to the analysis of state government industrial development loans, the principles formulated should be easily adaptable to the assessment of other types of regional development programs. A secondary objective of the paper is to discuss the first empirical application of a model which accounts for possible differences between the social opportunity cost of foregone investment and that of foregone consumption.2
Initiation and Maintenance of Tobacco Smoking: Changing Personality Correlates in Adolescence and Young Adulthood1

Youthful smokers have been described as extroverted and peer-involved, whereas older smokers are often characterized as depressed and withdrawn. Recognizing this contradiction, we examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between smoking and personality and social constructs assessed every 4 years in a sample (N= 461) originally recruited in junior high school. At Time 1, smoking was positively related to good social relations, extroversion, friends' cigarette use, and cheerfulness. At Times 2–4, smoking was positively related to depression and friends' cigarette use, negatively correlated with good Social Relations, and unrelated to extroversion. Cigarette use was stable over time, but least stable between Times 1 and 2. Findings suggest the instability of early social smoking with peers; those who persist may smoke for tension reduction and self-medication.
Colorado tick fever. I. Further ecological studies in Western Montana.

sharply localized and could be correlated with the presence or absence of the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Citellus lateralis tescorum). This rodent was found to be the principal carrier of CTF virus and the preferred host of immature stages of the tick vector, Dermacentor andersoni. In areas populated by this squirrel, incidence of infection in adult ticks collected from vegetation was as high as 16 per cent and virus was isolated from golden-mantled ground squirrels as well as from other rodents such as Columbian ground squirrels {Citellus columbianus columbianus), chipmunks (Eutamias amoenus), one pine squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus richardsoni) and one deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). In 1959, similar studies were conducted in 3 of the areas to confirm previous findings and to record any changes that might have occurred in host-vector relationships. The following ecologic data were collected in these areas during 1958:
Regrowth Interval Influences Productivity, Botanical Composition, and Nutritive Value of Old World Bluestem and Perennial Ryegrass Swards

Botanical composition of pasture in much of the Appalachian Region varies as weather patterns interacting with abiotic and biotic factors create conditions allowing a range of plant species to occupy temporal and spatial gaps in the stand. Field-grown old world bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb.] or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were defoliated at fixed time intervals (1-, 2-, or 4-wk for old world bluestem and 2-, 4-, or 6-wk intervals for perennial ryegrass). Herbage mass, sward botanical composition, and estimates of nutritive value were determined. White clover (Trifolium repens L.), black medic (Medicago lupulina L), and various common forbs and grasses volunteered in all stands. Old world bluestem yields ranged from 3.38 Mg ha 21 (1-wk regrowth interval in 2002) to 9.42 Mg ha 21 (4-wk regrowth interval in 2000). Perennial ryegrass yield increased with increasing regrowth interval in 2002, ranging from 3.16 to 7.29 Mg ha 21 . The longest regrowth interval did not necessarily lead to the greatest productivity. Old world bluestem swards clipped at 4-wk intervals decreased 60% by the third growing season, whereas perennial ryegrass swards clipped at 6-wk intervals increased by 37%. The proportion of encroaching species increased substantially in perennial ryegrass but not old world bluestem swards by 2002, suggesting that combined effects of repeated defoliation and weather influenced sward composition and productivity. Choice of plant resource, timing and intensity of defoliation, and very likely nutrient inputs coinciding with requirements of sown species could influence sward composition and help manage diversity to sustain productivity.
Pharmacodynamic effects of adjunctive cilostazol therapy in patients with coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy: Impact of high on-treatment platelet reactivity and diabetes mellitus status†

Background In patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, the adjunctive use of cilostazol is associated with enhanced platelet inhibition. However, if cilostazol exerts different pharmacodynamic (PD) effects according to levels of on-treatment platelet reactivity remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the PD effects of cilostazol in patients with and without high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status. Methods This is a post-hoc analysis derived from patients (n = 79) enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover study comparing cilostazol with placebo in stable coronary artery disease patients on aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. In the present analysis, patients were divided according to the presence or absence of HPR (HPR and non-HPR). HPR was defined as a P2Y12 units (PRU) > 240 as assessed by the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. The PD effects of cilostazol were evaluated in patients with and without HPR according to DM status. Results Significant absolute changes in PRU values were observed after adjunctive cilostazol in both HPR [53.4 (95% CI 24.7–82.1), P = 0.001] and non-HPR [40.8 (95% CI 28.7–52.8), P < 0.0001] patients. This difference was statistically significant in HPR patients with DM (P = 0.001), but not without DM (P = 0.24), and in non-HPR patients with and without DM (P = 0.0001 for both). The greatest mean reduction in PRU was observed in HPR patients with DM (72.9; 95% CI 33.7–112.0). Thrombin generation was not affected by cilostazol, irrespective of HPR status. Conclusion Cilostazol reduces platelet reactivity both in HPR and non-HPR patients, although these PD effects are enhanced in HPR patients with DM. Nevertheless, larger studies are needed to better evaluate possible differential effects of cilostazol on platelet reactivity by diabetes status. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing mental health in an academic nurse-managed clinic.

Purpose To evaluate the initial results of tracking the health outcomes, specifically mental health outcomes, for clients at an academic nursing clinic and to describe an approach to mental health treatment in this setting. Data Sources Descriptive-survey design with convenience sampling of patients from a nurse-managed, clinic (N= 151). As part of the routine documentation for clinic clients, the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36–Item Health Survey (SF-36) was selected to monitor client health outcomes. Conclusions This health status evaluation indicated that the mental health scores for clinic clients were lower than national normed data. This result could reflect unmet mental health needs in clinic clients. Mental health reasons for the visit were reported in only 3% of the sample. Most clients in this sample sought treatment in the clinic for physical health screening and episodic health problems. Implications for Practice Integration of mental health interventions in primary care settings may help providers to optimize the management of clients' overall health status. SUMMARY Projections for depressive disorders alone suggest that the burden of illness will increase by at least 50% by 2020. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study identified depressive disorders as one of the most important targets for intervention in the 21st century (Uestuen, 2001). Targets include expanding the role of primary care providers in treating depressive disorders and other mental health problems, the role of evidence-based guidelines in developing care and policy, and education about the fact that relapses and chronicity of depressive disorders can be prevented. Additional measures include workplace prevention programs, consumer involvement, and self-help techniques. Overall, research must also address the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of mental health interventions. Nurse-managed clinics are an increasingly important and effective way of delivering primary care in underserved populations, particularly in a managed-care environment. Improved use of mental health assessment and intervention with an integrated model will improve client health status. Optimizing mental health intervention is a top priority for improved health care outcomes. Our data indicate that undetected mental health problems are present in our clinic population. Identifying this unmet need is the first step to improving patient outcomes. Alerting NPs to the presence of potential mental health disorders in the clinic will increase their awareness of these health concerns. Providing on-site consultation with a psychiatric CNS will facilitate the process of consultation for the primary care providers. This endeavor began for the purpose of tracking health outcomes in an academic nurse-managed clinic and evolved into providing NPs with strategies for improving the mental health care of the clinic population. Clinic personnel will continue to track outcomes to see if there is improvement in the mental health of the clients at this clinic after implementing an integrated model of care.
Evolution of post-natal herpes simplex virus encephalitis to multicystic encephalopathy.

A 3-week-old, previously healthy infant developed biopsy-proven Herpes virus type 2 (HSV-2) encephalitis. The encephalitis was characterized by cells having intranuclear inclusions and was without evidence of inflammation or hemorrhage. Neuroimaging studies did not show any destructive lesions in the brain. In spite of antiviral therapy, the infant's neurological conditions deteriorated, and the patient died at the age of 18 weeks. Post-mortem examination showed that most of the cerebral hemispheres were replaced by multiloculated cystic cavities of various sizes, typical of multicystic encephalopathy (MCE). The cystic lesions were randomly distributed and were not confined to any vascular territory. By light microscopy, there were no features of viral infection in the brain. Although in situ hybridization of the biopsy specimen taken during the acute phase of the disease demonstrated abundant HSV genome, this same method failed to detect HSV on the post-mortem specimen. These findings suggest that HSV-2 can induce MCE. Furthermore, the absence of histological features of viral encephalitis and the failure to demonstrate viral genome in the brain at autopsy does not exclude an infections etiology in certain cases of MCE.
On the Diamagnetism of Electrons in Metals

In the following, it is proposed to calculate the induced diamagnetic moment due to the free electrons in a metal, using, instead of the classical assumptions of elastic collisions, the recently developed wave-nature of the electron and the Fermi statistics. The problem resolves itself into three parts: to find (1) the ψ functions for an electron in a lattice for the case of small perturbations by the atoms of the lattice, (2) the induced magnetic moment derived from the ψ functions and its dependence on the energy, (3) the total induced magnetic moment, which will then be obtained by applying the statistics for a degenerate system.
Sensitive fluorometric procedure to determine individual amino acids in marine waters

Abstract Improved methodology for amino acid analysis coupled with semi-micro isolation techniques make feasible the measurement of individual amino acids from marine waters where sample volumes are limited (e.g., sediment pore water or culture filtrates). If a water sample contains more than 20 nmole 1−1 of the respective compounds, dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) can be isolated from 5 ml of filtrate by cation exchange and measured on a sensitive amino-acid analyzer equipped with a fluorometric detector. Two ml generally provides sufficient sample to determine total dissolved amino acids. Lower concentrations of amino acids can be measured after concentration from larger samples (250 ml) by ligand exchange.
The assay of adrenocorticotrophic hormone by the adrenal ascorbic acid-depletion method.

The administration of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (A.C.T.H.) is followed by a temporary decrease in the amount of ascorbic acid present in the adrenals. Under suitable experimental conditions the degree of depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid is a function of the dose of A.C.T.H. administered. This relationship has beenadapted to the quantitative assay of adrenocorticotrophic activity (Sayers and Sayers, 1946). The present paper is a detailed description and evaluation of the method based upon the results of a number of comparative assays carried out over the past two years. DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES The adrenocorticotrophic activity of the adenohypophysis is subject to marked change with alterations in the internal or external environment of the organism. For this reason the adrenocorticotrophic activity of materials other than highly purified preparations of A.C.T.H. cannot be assayed in the animal whose hypophysis has not been removed.
Molecular cloning and expression of amadoriase isoenzyme (fructosyl amine : oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1. 5. 3) from Aspergillus fumigatus

Amadoriase is an enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deglycation of Amadori products to yield corresponding amino acids, glucosone, and H2O2. We previously reported the purification and characterization of two amadoriase isozymes from Aspergillus sp. that degrade both glycated low molecular weight amines and amino acids (Takahashi, M., Pischetsrieder, M., and Monnier, V. M. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3437-3443). To identify the primary structure of the enzymes, we have prepared a cDNA library from Aspergillus fumigatus induced with fructosyl propylamine and isolated a clone using polyclonal anti-amadoriase II antibody. The primary structure of the enzyme deduced from the nucleotide sequence comprises 438 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 48,798 Da. The deduced primary structure exhibits the presence of an ADP-binding motif near the NH2 terminus. The identity of the amadoriase II cDNA was further confirmed by expression in Escherichia coli cells with an inducible expression system. Northern blotting analysis revealed that amadoriase II was induced by fructosyl propylamine in a dose-dependent manner.
Smoothness of densities for area-like processes of fractional Brownian motion

We consider a process given by a n-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter \({\frac{1}{4} < H < \frac{1}{2}}\), along with an associated Levy area-like process, and prove the smoothness of the density for this process with respect to Lebesgue measure.
Fibromyxoid sarcoma in a four‐year‐old child: Case report and review of the literature

We present a child with a rare and chemotherapy-resistant form of soft-tissue cancer, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, first noted when he was 4 years old. He is the youngest patient reported to date. An 11-year-old white male presented to. The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center's Department of Pediatrics with a 7-year history of right thigh mass and pulmonary nodules, confirmed on examination. He had undergone extensive prior chemotherapy and surgery. He received chemotherapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide (7 g/m2) and later etoposide (150 mg/m2/day x 5), with only slight shrinkage of the thigh mass and none in the lungs. Subsequently the tumor in his proximal thigh and his lung metastases were resected, and radiation therapy was administered to the thigh. His disease remained stable for 12 months, but he then developed a pleural-based metastasis on the left side and new bilateral lung metastases also. The tumors on the left side were removed; residual disease is stable after treatment for 6 months with subcutaneous alpha-interferon-2b. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is very uncommon in children. It grows slowly and metastasizes to distant organs, chiefly to the lungs. It is resistant to conventional chemotherapy, and thus far only surgery seems to have a life-prolonging effect. Newer chemotherapeutic and possibly biologic agents should be tried in future patients, in order to find an effective way to control the disease.
Radiation response of xenografts of a human squamous cell carcinoma and a glioblastoma multiforme: a progress report

Human cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas of the pharynx (FaDu and HSCC6) and glioblastoma multiforme (U87, A2, A7, MMC-1, MMC-2) have been studied in vitro as monolayers in exponential (all 7 cell lines) or plateau phase (FaDu and U87), and as 1 mm diameter spheroids in vitro (FaDu and U87) and as 6 mm diameter xenografts growing in the legs of athymic NCr(nu/nu) nude mice (FaDu, HSCC6, U87, A7 cells). For SF2s and D values, there was broad overlap of values between SCC and glioma cell lines. In contrast, the D0 values were higher for U87, A2, A7, and MCC-1 than the two SCC cell lines, while the extrapolation numbers were greater for the two SCC lines than any of the glial tumor lines (these differences were not regularly significant). Complete dose response assays for local control of FaDu, HSCC6, U87, and A7 xenografts have been performed under conditions of normal blood flow and clamp hypoxia for tumors growing in mice which had received 6 Gy WBI at 24 hr before transplantation. Under the latter circumstances, irradiations have been performed on FaDu and U87 as single doses or as 2, 4, or 8 equal doses; for the fractionated irradiation, treatments were given on a BID basis with 4 hr between the treatments on any 1 day. For irradiation of 1 mm diameter spheroids, radiation was administered as single doses under conditions of equilibration with AIR. The TCD50 for the FaDu was significantly higher and the dose response curve steeper for tumors growing in immune suppressed (6 Gy WBI 24 hr prior to transplantation) than in control nude mice. Tumors, exponential or plateau phase cells, and spheroids derived from U87 were significantly and substantially more resistant under all conditions and fractionation schedules than for FaDu. Thus, the in vitro results do not indicate a clearly greater resistance by the glioma cell lines, while the more limited TCD50 data (single dose and 8 fractions irradiation) show more resistance in vivo by the glial tumors. We noted that the TCD50 values for U87 and A7 glial tumors overlap those for spontaneous tumors of the C3H mouse but are higher than the human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in the nude mice. Substantial additional data from xenografts are needed to determine if the higher TCD50 values for GBMs, especially for fractionated irradiation, is a regular finding and is of sufficient magnitude to be pursued by studies to explain the observed differences.