cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sharing and Re-use of Statistical Timing Macro-Models across Multiple Voltage Domains

This paper presents an approach to solving the problem of generating a single statistical timing macro-model or abstract for a chip component, and subsequently applying it smartly at multiple voltage domain conditions at a parent level of hierarchy during hierarchical timing. This approach avoids overheads in a traditional approach of having either multiple abstracts for the same component corresponding to different voltage domains, or having excessive guard-bands in a single common abstract. Results are presented for a set of test cases including industrial microprocessor units. The results exhibit more than 200 picoseconds of improved accuracy (both pessimism reduction and optimism avoidance) when using the proposed solution in comparison to an approach that assumes a single voltage domain compatible abstract.
Analyzing disparities on tobacco use through CBPR

Results: We have found that HSV-FosB-ZFP-p65 and -G9a regulate FosB/ FosB expression in NAc neurons. HSV-FosB-ZFP-G9a methylates histones specifically at the FosB gene in vivo, while FosB-ZFP-p65 acetylates these histones. Engineered transcription factors are also able tomodulate behavior, as FosB-ZFP-p65 expression in the NAc enhances cocaine locomotor sensitization, while FosB-ZFP-G9a expression blocks the cocaine effect on locomotor as well as sensitizes animals to stress. Conclusions: Engineered transcription factors are effective tools to probe the behavioral andmolecular consequences of chromatin remodeling at a single locus in vivo. Financial support:SupportedbyNIDA (1F32DA035518-01) and NIMH.
Parasites of the Tarnished Plant Bug in the Mississippi Delta

The tarnished plant bug. Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). a pest of cotton that is marginal because it has been held in check by the insecticides used t0 control the major cotton pests. may become a serious pest when use of these insecticides is discontinued. Recent developments in control of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and other major cotton pests ( Heliothis complex) by means other than chemical, such as sex lures, sterile-male techniques, and pestmanagement programs, have caused concern in regard to control of the tarnished plant bug. It therefore appeared advisable to investigate parasites, principally internal parasites, of adult tarnished plant bugs and the host-plant species preferred by the plant bugs. Tarnished plant bugs were collected in the central Delta Counties of Mississippi and from Chicot County, Ark., from 1966 through 1968, and the parasites were studied. The results are reported here.
EVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC VARIANCE.

A cornerstone of evolutionary theory is that the phenotypic variance of a population may be partitioned into genetic and environmental (nonheritable) components. The traditional motivation for this distinction is that the rate of evolution under natural selection depends on the (relative) magnitudes of certain genetic components of variance. The components of variation are also interesting from another perspective, as illustrated here. Phenotypic variation may be selectively maintained in a population according to its components: selection may favor the maintenance of only the environmental components, only the genetic components, or be indifferent to the composition of the variance. Even when selection is shown to favor phenotypic variation regardless of its components, the possibility exists that environmental variance will evolve to displace the genetic components or vice versa. Environmental and genetic factors may thus compete to produce a given selected level of phenotypic variance. A test of some of these models is provided from the example of seed dormancy: the prediction that variation in seed germination time should be purely environmental is supported by the demonstration of low heritability of germination time in the two available studies.
Gastrointestinal absorption of Mg28 in rabbits.

SummaryThree groups of normal rabbits were starved for 17 to 48 hours prior to feeding of a dilute solution of MgSO4. Mean urinary excretion of radioactivity in 48 hours in the 3 groups ranged between 10 and 12.5%. The high concentration of radioactivity detected in the midabdomen by external survey was traced to fecal content of caecum and colon. Fecal excretion was increased by resumption of feeding after exhibition of Mg28, and concentration of radioactivity over the midabdomen decreased. These results suggest that poor gastrointestinal absorption of magnesium accounts for its low renal excretion. Absorption does not appear to occur from the large intestine.
Human rights and advocacy: an integral part of medical education and practice.

Physicians who are aware of various forms of human rights abuses are better able to serve and advocate for their patients. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Superficial or Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction

Autologous breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric or superficial inferior epigastric artery perforator flap is described including indications, preoperative marking, key intraoperative steps including a dictation example, and postoperative care.
Spinal Cord Infarction After Endoscopic Esophageal Varix Ligation

According to Stedman’s medical dictionary “an infarct is an onset of necrosis, resulting from a sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply.”
Effect of fluid media on the mechanical properties of continuous pattern-ending surgeon's, square, and Aberdeen knots in vitro.

Objective To investigate the knot holding capacity (KHC) of pattern-ending square, surgeon's and Aberdeen knots each tied in 4 throw combinations using large gauge suture after exposure to media commonly found in equine abdominal surgery. Study design In vitro mechanical study. Sample population: Knotted suture strands (n = 10/group). Methods Strands of 2 polydioxanone or 3 polyglactin 910 were exposed to 1 of 4 media for 15 minutes. Control suture strands remained dry. Media used included balanced electrolyte solution, 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, equine serum, or equine fat. Pattern-ending knots for the 3 knot configurations were loaded to failure in a linear fashion on a materials testing machine to determine KHC. Results Surgeon's knots tied using media-exposed 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than the same dry knots with 5 and 6 throws. Square knots tied using media-exposed to 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than the same dry knots at 5 throws. Aberdeen knots tied with either media-exposed 2 polydioxanone or 3 polyglactin 910 had a significantly higher KHC than their equivalent dry knots. Aberdeen knots had a superior KHC, while requiring less suture than both surgeon's and square knots. Conclusion Media exposure either had no effect on KHC or significantly improved the KHC of all knots investigated. Based on KHC and knot volume, Aberdeen knots tied using media-exposed 3 polyglactin 910 with 3 throws and 1 turn are recommended to end a continuous suture pattern.
Evaluation and Monitoring of Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

In this article, the reader will get some insights into managing patient with implantable cardiac devices while undergoing noncardiac surgery. We will review basic concepts regarding normal function of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, understanding how their function will be influenced during noncardiac surgeries. You will be guided through management steps from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative aspects. In an ever-changing world of medicine, it is important to keep up with progress as more and more patients get implantable cardiac devices.
A Study of Metallized Thermoplastic Films Following Gas Plasma Treatment

Water wettability, adhesion of vapor deposited aluminum, and dielectric breakdown strength of various commercial thermoplastic polymer films were studied after brief exposure to three low temperature gas plasmas. Thin (8-12 μm) films of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polystyrene and polyvinylidene fluoride were briefly exposed to oxygen, helium, or 96%CF4/4%O2 gas plasmas. Dramatic improvement in aluminum adhesion, enhancement in water wettability, and, in some cases, increased D.C. dielectric breakdown voltages were found after these polymers had been exposed to gas plasmas. These changes in surface properties can be attributed to formation of chemically modified layers near the polymer surface.
On the Kubo-Greenwood Model for Electron Conductivity

Currently, the most common method to calculate transport properties for materials under extreme conditions is based on the phenomenological Kubo-Greenwood method. The results of an inquiry into the justification and context of that model are summarized here. Specifically, the basis for its connection to equilibrium DFT and the assumption of static ions are discussed briefly.
Psychiatry in the Primary Care Setting: Managing Chronic Illness: Psychiatric Issues

What makes managing patients with chronic medical illnesses different? The difference is that patients with chronic medical illness are expected to take on an active role in their own health care over an extended period of time, and therefore they have an essentially different relationship with their illness and with their health care clinicians. A patient with an acute illness is expected to be largely passive, talking only to answer the physician’s focused questions, and following through compliantly with examinations, procedures, and treatments. More often than not, little concern is given to the impact of the acute medical problem on the rest of the patient’s overall life.
The Relevance of Relative Distribution: Favoritism, Information, and Vote Choice in Africa:

Relative distribution—whether one is favored or disfavored by government—seems to matter to voters in many African countries. But why? I demonstrate theoretically that voters who do not have inform...
Community Composition of Nitrous Oxide-Related Genes in Salt Marsh Sediments Exposed to Nitrogen Enrichment

Salt marshes provide many key ecosystem services that have tremendous ecological and economic value. One critical service is the removal of fixed nitrogen from coastal waters, which limits the negative effects of eutrophication resulting from increased nutrient supply. Nutrient enrichment of salt marsh sediments results in higher rates of nitrogen cycling and, commonly, a concurrent increase in the flux of nitrous oxide, an important greenhouse gas. Little is known, however, regarding controls on the microbial communities that contribute to nitrous oxide fluxes in marsh sediments. To address this disconnect, we generated profiles of microbial communities and communities of micro-organisms containing specific nitrogen cycling genes that encode several enzymes (amoA, norB, nosZ) related to nitrous oxide flux from salt marsh sediments. We hypothesized that communities of microbes responsible for nitrogen transformations will be structured by nitrogen availability. Taxa that respond positively to high nitrogen inputs may be responsible for the elevated rates of nitrogen cycling processes measured in fertilized sediments. Our data show that, with the exception of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, the community composition of organisms involved in the production and consumption of nitrous oxide was altered under nutrient enrichment. These results suggest that previously measured rates of nitrous oxide production and consumption are likely the result of changes in community structure, not simply changes in microbial activity.
A Class of Three-Level Designs for Definitive Screening in the Presence of Second-Order Effects

Screening designs help assess the relative impact of a large number of factors. Experimenters often prefer quantitative factors to have three levels rather than two, but common screening designs use only two factors. This article proposes a new class of..
Mast cell and myofibroblast in wound healing.

Mast cells and myofibroblasts are resident cells of connective tissue that have been implicated in several critical events of dermal wound healing. The mast cell produces several cytokines, including histamine and tumor necrosis factor-«, that target fibroblasts and also inflammatory cells. Mast cells have been found in increased numbers in normal healing wounds, but they are also elevated in some fibrotic disorders that result in excessive production of connective tissue. The myofibroblast is a cell that phenotypically resembles both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. It is transiently expressed in connective tissue and is thought to be at least partly responsible for wound contraction.
Conformational Studies of Cyclopropylmethyl Ketone from Temperature-Dependent FT–IR Spectra of Xenon Solutions

Variable temperature (−60 to −100°C) studies of the infrared spectra (3500–400 cm−1) of cyclopropylmethyl ketone, c-C3H5C(CH3)O, dissolved in liquid xenon have been recorded. Utilizing several doublets due to the cis and near-trans conformers, the enthalpy difference has been determined to be 269 ± 26 cm−1 (3.22 ± 0.31 kJ/mol) with the cis conformer (oxygen atom cis to the three-membered ring) the more stable rotamer. From these data it is estimated that 79 ± 3% of the cis form is present at ambient temperature. Ab initio calculations have been carried out with different basis sets up to 6-311+G(2df,2pd) at the restricted Hartree–Fock and/or with full electron correlation by the perturbation method to second order (MP2) from which structural parameters and conformation stabilities have been determined. These calculations support the experimental conformational conclusions that the cis form is the more stable conformer. A complete vibrational assignment is given for the cis conformer, which is supported from a normal coordinate calculation utilizing ab initio force constants. Several of the fundamentals of the near-trans conformer have been identified and assigned. Adjusted r0 structural parameters have been obtained from combined ab initio predicted values and previously reported rotational constants from the microwave investigation. The spectroscopic and theoretical results are compared to the corresponding quantities for some similar molecules.
Head Versus Heart: Applying Empirical Evidence About the Connection Between Child Pornography and Child Molestation to Probable Cause Analyses

As the internet has become nearly ubiquitous, child pornography possession has become increasingly widespread. Law enforcement efforts to combat the reach of these images have become increasingly aggressive and sophisticated. Sentences have also dramatically increased. As of 2008, the mean sentence for child pornography possession was ninety-two months, with a mandatory minimum sentence of five years. Circuit courts have confronted child pornography search warrant applications based mainly upon a prior child molestation conviction or enticement of a minor. Evaluating similar fact patterns, the Second, Sixth, and Ninth Circuits have held that child molestation or child enticement cannot be used to establish probable cause for a child pornography search warrant because the connection between the two acts is not well established. However, the Eighth Circuit disagreed, holding that there is an intuitive relationship between both crimes, which can establish probable cause. This four-part Note analyzes the circuit court split using empirical evidence about the connection between child pornography and child molestation. Although it is a relatively new area of study, social science literature has begun to address the connection between possession of child pornography and child molestation. This Note concludes that, given the relative uncertainty in social science literature, more research should be done before reaching the Eighth Circuit’s holding. A prior conviction for child molestation or an attempt to entice a child should not be enough to establish probable cause to search an individual’s home for child pornography.
Bifactor model of effortful control and impulsivity and their prospective prediction of ego resiliency.

OBJECTIVE Children's effortful control and impulsivity are important predictors of the personality trait, ego resiliency (i.e., resiliency). Most researchers have not considered the fact that effortful control and impulsivity share substantial conceptual and empirical overlap, yet they also have been shown to be distinct. We tested a bifactor model of effortful control and impulsivity to characterize their shared and unique variance, the prospective prediction of resiliency by the factors of the bifactor model, and moderation by sex and age. METHOD In a longitudinal study of children (N = 214; 76.5% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 12.2% Hispanic, 11.3% other race/ethnicity), parent- and teacher-reported effortful control and impulsivity, as well as behavioral measures of effortful control, were assessed on two occasions (T1: 4.5-8 years; T2: 6-10 years). Parent-reported resiliency was used as a covariate (T1) and the outcome (T3: 8-12 years). RESULTS The bifactor model yielded a common effortful inhibitory control factor, pure attentional control factor, and pure impulsivity factor. Pure impulsivity and pure attentional control positively predicted resiliency, but only for girls. Effortful inhibitory control did not uniquely predict resiliency. CONCLUSION Disentangling the shared and unique aspects of effortful control and impulsivity could clarify the roles they play in important outcomes, such as resiliency.
"Cold turkey" or pharmacotherapy: Examination of tobacco cessation methods tried among smokers prior to developing head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND Tobacco cessation methods employed by patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC) are previously unstudied and have the potential to inform choice of cessation method and necessary abstinence support. METHODS A total of 130 current smokers with HNSCC were queried regarding prior unsuccessful tobacco cessation techniques, product used (cold turkey, varenicline, and nicotine patch/gum), and maximum time abstained from smoking. RESULTS One hundred six smokers retrospectively reported using one of the four main quit methods. Unassisted cessation ("cold turkey") was the most commonly used method (P < .001). A multiple ordinal logistic general estimating equation analysis revealed that cold turkey had increased odds [5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 11.8) and 4.3 (95% CI: 1.5, 12.9)] of achieving a longer quit duration than the nicotine patch or varenicline, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among smokers developing HNSCC, previous cessation attempts were most commonly unassisted. This method was associated with longest abstinence periods. These data suggest insufficient support and education regarding behavioral and pharmacologic cessation therapies.
Keynote: Multicore Programming

This talk describes a new approach to implementing efficient concurrent programs that run on multicore computers. The approach is inspired by work on software transactional memory, and like that work aims to make it easier to write correct concurrent programs through the use of atomic transactions. A conventional STM tracks reads and writes of memory words, which can lead to high overhead. Our approach, called STO (software transactional objects), is based on data abstraction instead. Implementations of transactionaware datatypes can take advantage of datatype semantics to reduce bookkeeping, limit false conficts, and implement efficient concurrency control. This way we can provide both good performance and correctness based on modularity and encapsulation.
Comprehensive anatomy of the foramen ovale critical to percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy: cadaveric study of dry skulls.

OBJECTIVE Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy (PSR) is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a serious condition that results in lancinating, episodic facial pain. Thorough understanding of the microsurgical anatomy of the foramen ovale (FO) and its surrounding structures is required for efficient, effective, and safe use of this technique. This morphometric study compares anatomical and surgical orientations to identify the variations of the FO and assess cannulation difficulty. METHODS Bilateral foramina from 174 adult human dry skulls (348 foramina) were analyzed using anatomical and surgical orientations in photographs from standardized projections. Measurements were obtained for shape, size, adjacent structures, and morphometric variability effect on cannulation. The risk of potential injury to surrounding structures was also assessed. RESULTS The authors identified 6 distinctive shapes of the FO and 5 anomalous variants from the anatomical view, and 6 shapes from the surgical view. In measurements of surface area of this foramen obtained using the surgical view, loss (average 18.5% ± 5.7%) was significant compared with the anatomical view. Morphometrically, foramen size varied significantly and obstruction from a calcified pterygoalar ligament occurred in 7.8% of specimens. Importantly, 8% of foramina were difficult to cannulate, thus posing a 12% risk of inadvertent cannulation of the foramen lacerum. CONCLUSIONS Significant variability in the FO's shape and size probably affected its safe and effective cannulation. Preoperative imaging by 3D head CT may be helpful in predicting ease of cannulation and in guiding treatment decisions, such as a percutaneous approach over microvascular decompression or radiosurgery.
Overview of the MPI-IO Parallel I/O Interface

Thanks to MPI, writing portable message passing parallel programs is almost a reality. One of the remaining problems is file I/O. Although parallel file systems support similar interfaces, the lack of a standard makes developing a truly portable program impossible. It is not feasible to develop large scientific applications from scratch for each generation of parallel machine, and, in the scientific world, a program is not considered truly portable unless it not only compiles, but also runs efficiently.
Life-cycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling

Abstract The number of studies on pavement life-cycle assessment (LCA) is increasing in the recent years. This chapter reviews the LCA studies focusing on asphalt pavement recycling, including hot, warm, and cold recycling methods, as well as in-plant and in-place recycling technologies. This chapter aims to provide constructive recommendations and point out the potential research gaps for future studies. To comprehensively quantify environmental impacts associated with asphalt pavement recycling, the selected studies were reviewed and analyzed at different phases of pavement life cycle. It was found that the material, transportation, and construction phases were included, while the use, maintenance, and end-of-life phases were generally neglected. The major environmental benefit using recycled material in asphalt pavement occurs at material phase. The impacts associated with construction phase vary depending on the recycling techniques. There is a need to quantify the environmental impact of applying recycling materials in maintenance and use phase. Furthermore, considering the temporal effect of related impact categories will certainly improve the rationality of LCA methodology and the accuracy of LCA results. Uncertainty assessment of inventory data for data reliability should be considered in future studies.
Centrosome amplification is a frequent event in circulating tumor cells from subjects with metastatic breast cancer.

Centrosome amplification (CA) is a common phenomenon in cancer, promotes genomic stability and cancer evolution, and has been reported to promote metastasis. CA promotes a stochastic gain/loss of chromosomes during cell division, known as chromosomal instability (CIN). However, it is unclear whether CA is present in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the seeds for metastasis. Here, we surveyed CA in CTCs from human subjects with metastatic breast cancer. CTCs were captured by CD45 exclusion and selection of EpCAM-positive cells using an exclusion-based sample preparation technology platform known as VERSA (versatile exclusion-based rare sample analysis). Centriole amplification (centrin foci> 4) is the definitive assay for CA. However, determination of centrin foci is technically challenging and incompatible with automated analysis. To test if the more technically accessible centrosome marker pericentrin could serve as a surrogate for centriole amplification in CTCs, cells were stained with pericentrin and centrin antibodies to evaluate CA. This assay was first validated using breast cancer cell lines and a nontransformed epithelial cell line model of inducible CA, then translated to CTCs. Pericentrin area and pericentrin area x intensity correlate well with centrin foci, validating pericentrin as a surrogate marker of CA. CA is found in CTCs from 75% of subjects, with variability in the percentage and extent of CA in individual circulating cells in a given subject, similar to the variability previously seen in primary tumors and cell lines. In summary, we created, validated, and implemented a novel method to assess CA in CTCs from subjects with metastatic breast cancer. Such an assay will be useful for longitudinal monitoring of CA in cancer patients and in prospective clinical trials for assessing the impact of CA on response to therapy.
Exposure of AlN and Al2O3 to low energy D and He plasmas

Abstract Aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were exposed to deuterium (D) and helium (He) plasma in the PISCES-A linear plasma device using RF biasing of the sample manipulator to set the incident ion energy (16–100 eV, 0.7–12 × 1025 m−2,
Early Use of Telehealth in Home Dialysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is forcing unprecedented changes in daily life in the United States. During this time, many patients are under “lockdown” or “shelter-in-place” orders, and the nephrology community has been forced to adapt quickly to this new reality. New York City is the epicenter of the American outbreak, and patients on dialysis are at especially high risk of COVID-19 exposure due to widespread use of public transportation and densely packed clinical spaces. Here, we report the early use and success of using telehealth visits in place of usual in-person monthly comprehensive visits in an effort to provide excellent patient care while limiting the risk of patient and staff exposure to COVID-19. Telehealth has distinct advantages during this crisis for the vulnerable home dialysis population; however, many practical challenges remain. Under the 2018 Bipartisan Budget Act, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) allowed patients on home dialysis to choose to have their monthly ESKD clinical assessments through telehealth. However, restrictions have remained, and the use of telehealth was only available after completing in-person visits for the first 3 months of home dialysis; additionally, only two of three monthly visits each quarter were eligible for telehealth thereafter (1). On March 20, 2020, the CMS released a telemedicine and telehealth toolkit for ESKD providers to help providers establish and operate a telehealth program to increase access to health care for patients at home and especially patients on dialysis who are at significant risk of morbidity and mortality if infected by COVID-19 (2). As of March 27, 2020, New York City has over 25,000 cases of COVID-19, with the number rising each day (3). The Rogosin Institute is an independent dialysis provider affiliated with New York-Presbyterian Hospital with a home dialysis population of 210 patients: …
Geomorphological evidence for a dry dust avalanche origin of slope streaks on Mars

Mars has several different types of slope feature that resemble aqueous flows. However, the current cold, dry conditions are inimical to liquid water, resulting in uncertainty about its role in modern surface processes. Dark slope streaks were among the first distinctive young slope features to be identified on Mars and the first with activity seen in orbital images. They form markings on steep slopes that can persist for decades, and the role of water in their formation remains a matter of debate. Here I analyse the geomorphic features of new slope streaks using high-resolution orbital images. Comparison of images before and after streak formation reveal how this process affects the surface and provides information about the cause. These observations demonstrate that slope streaks erode and deposit material in some instances. They also reveal that streaks can jump slopes and may be erosive very near their termini. These observations support a formation model where dark slope streaks form as ground-hugging, low-density avalanches of dry surface dust. Such streaks need not be treated as Special Regions for planetary protection. Patterns of erosion and deposition by some slope streaks on Mars are consistent with a dry dust avalanche origin, according to an analysis of orbital images before and after new streaks formed.
Outcomes of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

Purpose: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common complication of SCD. We set out to describe clinical and radiographic outcomes of SCD patients ≤21 years with ONFH, who were treated with (1) core decompression (CD) or (2) CD plus bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) injection, (3) total hip arthroplasty (THA) or (4) observation alone. Methods: 114 hips in 73 SCD patients, 42% female, mean age 16.4 years (range, 5.7-21.9 years) with an ONFH diagnosis between 2006 and 2018 were …
Using the Validated FMEA to Update Trouble Shooting Manuals: a Case Study of APU TSM Revision

Trouble Shooting Manuals (TSMs) provide useful information and guidelines for machinery maintenance, in particular, for fault isolation given a failure mode. TSMs produced by OEMs are usually updated based on feedback or requests from end users. Performing such update is very demanding as it requires collecting information from maintenance practices and integrating the new findings into the troubleshooting procedures. The process is also not fully reliable as some uncertainty could be introduced when collecting user information. In this report, we propose to update or enhance TSM by using validated FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis), which is a standard method to characterize product and process problems. The proposed approach includes two steps. First, we validate key FMEA parameters such as Failure Rate and Failure Mode Probability through an automated analysis of historical maintenance and operational data. Then, we update the TSM using information from the validated FMEA. Preliminary results from the application of the proposed approach to update the TSM for a commercial APU suggest that the revised TSM provides more accurate information and reliable procedures for fault isolation.
Occupational Therapy-Related Assessments for Adults With Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review.

Importance Occupational therapy practitioners use structured assessment tools to gather information from adults with intellectual disability (ID) in order to develop the occupational profile, guide occupational therapy intervention, and assess change over time. Objective To identify occupational therapy-related tools in the peer-reviewed literature for use in practice with adults with ID. Data sources Peer-reviewed literature published between January 2002 and January 2018 included in CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus. Study Selection and Data Collection: The review included articles that had information on occupational therapy-related assessment with adults 18 yr or older who had primary or co-occurring ID. Findings Fifty-eight articles identified 73 occupational therapy-related assessment tools. Conclusions and relevance This scoping review identified a broad range of assessment tools in the occupational therapy domain that are appropriate for adults with ID, some of which may be unfamiliar to occupational therapy practitioners. What This Article Adds: This scoping review provides occupational therapy practitioners with a summary of occupational therapy-related assessment tools for adults with ID and an assessment reference guide.
Predictors for Pain Severity, Interference, and the Use of Tertiary Providers among Community Dwelling, Southern Adults

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a leading cause of morbidity and health care utilization in the US. Ample evidence suggests sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, age, income, and race) influence pain. However, a framework informing associations of multiple sociodemographic factors with provider and intervention utilization, specifically in cLBP, has yet to be established. The purpose was to examine whether sociodemographic variables was associated with the type of provider seen (primary care only, tertiary, or none). cLBP patients completed a series of questionnaires including a clinical pain assessment, provider attendance, medication and treatment use, demographics, and the Brief Pain Inventory-Short form. The SPSS version 26.0 statistical package was used for analysis. cLBP patients (n=140), 56% were female, 57% were Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 42% were Non-Hispanic White (NHW). Of the cLBP participants, 27% did not seek care from a provider, 46% sought primary care only, and 27% sought some form of tertiary care. In a regression-based model, results suggest that age (p = .001) and pain interference (p = .024) increases use of a provider for cLBP, but sociodemographic variables did not predict which type of care used. Use of physical therapy was increased by pain interference (p=.026), having insurance (p=.037), age (p=.034), and being NHW (p=.004). Sociodemographic variables predict the use of a provider in cLBP. Findings from this study expand on the existing literature as it relates to disparities in access to healthcare providers, associations between pain severity and interference, and sociodemographic factors. Future research should seek to understand the influence of sociodemographic factors extends to other types of chronic pain. This work was supported by Examining Racial And SocioEconomic Disparities in cLBP; ERASED; R01MD010441.
Drone routing and optimization for post-disaster inspection

Abstract Aerial drones have received increased attention by humanitarian organizations due to their potential to serve/monitor a disaster-affected region. In this study, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming model for a Heterogeneous Fixed Fleet Drone Routing problem (HFFDRP) that minimizes the post-disaster inspection cost of a disaster-affected area by accounting a number of drone trajectory-specific factors into consideration, such as battery recharging costs, servicing costs, drone hovering, turning, accelerating, cruising, and decelerating costs, and many others. Two heuristic algorithms are proposed, namely, Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm and Modified Backtracking Adaptive Threshold Accepting (MBATA) algorithm, to solve the largest instances of our proposed optimization model in a reasonable amount of time. Computational results indicate that the proposed MBATA algorithm is capable of producing high-quality solutions consistently within a reasonable amount of time. Finally, a real-life case study is used to visualize and validate the model results and to draw managerial insights that reveal how network design decisions vary with key drone design parameters.
A Case of Laparoscopic Excision of a Large Ovarian Cyst with Controlled Drainage

Study Objective Video presentation showing laparoscopic excision of a large ovarian cyst with controlled drainage. Design Case presentation. Setting This case was performed in an academic tertiary medical center. The patient was in dorsal lithotomy position with arms tucked. We used 4 total ports; the umbilical port for the camera, a supra-pubic port and right and left lateral lower abdominal port. A balloon trocar was used for controlled cyst content drainage. Potassium Titanium Phosphate laser was used for fine dissection. Patients or Participants 21-year-old Gravida 0 presented with pelvic pressure and palpable mass for months. Ultrasound showed an 11 cm simple ovarian cyst and 5cm adjacent complex cyst with peripheral echogenic foci without internal vascularity consistent with dermoid cyst. She had mildly elevated alpha fetoprotein and otherwise negative tumor markers. Interventions Laparoscopic excision of right ovarian cyst. Measurements and Main Results The case was completed uncomplicated. The patient showed significant improvement in her symptoms on follow-up with resolution of pelvic pressure. Conclusion Maintaining clear planes between the cyst wall and the ovarian cortex as well as excellent hemostasis is key in ovarian cystectomies. Care must be taken to preserve as much ovarian cortex as possible for future fertility.
A New Disposable Draping Set and Draping Technique for Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunt

Author presented a newly developed disposable draping set and draping technique for ventriculoperitoneal shunt. For the base material, spanlace nonwoven sheets were used. The draping sheets were consisted of two kinds, one for underpad with waterproofing sheets the other for facepad in which the surgical field was lined out with waterabsorbing sheets. Each sheet has the edge lined out with drafttapes by which the draping can be achieved noninvasively.
Feasibility of measurements in examination of air weapons

Specific features of air weapons, dynamic examinations as an important component of the investigation process, examples of data recorders for parameters of the combat mean under test, telecommunication system for on-line data transmission with the assumption that the system should be composed of components and subassemblies that are commercially available from the market, system for RF transmission of flight parameters in the real time mode are presented in the paper. The system is made up of a transmitter and rpm sensors embedded into the head of the S-7 uncontrolled missile. Signals from the telecommunication module are received and decoded by means of a transducer with the sensitivity of about 2PV and stored in the memory of the TDS 3020 digital oscilloscope from Tektronix as well as in a four-channel digital recorder. The data acquisition system is triggered at the moment when the transmitter installed on the missile head was switched on. The missile was launched several seconds later. The paper includes among others workflow for examination of combat means, composition of measuring instruments for flight tests, data recorders for flight parameters installed on avionic bombs, signal waveforms recorded from rotation sensors and rotation speed variations for the S-7 missile during the flight
A52 Trends in inpatient admissions for pedal cycle injuries for the state of California: 2005-2011

Abstract Background In the United States, cycling has grown substantially in popularity in recent years. It is unclear, however, whether pedal cycling safety, such as use of helmets, have kept pace with this rapid growth. We use administrative records of pedal cyclist crashes and hospitalizations to explore trends in injuries and fatalities among pedal cyclists in the state of California. Methods We perform a retrospective analysis of the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS), the State Emergency Department Database (SEDD), and the State Inpatient Database (SID) for the state of California in 2005 to 2011. SWITRS contains all motor vehicle crash records reported to law enforcement in California and is maintained by the California Highway Patrol. SEDD/SID provide records on all emergency department (ED) and inpatient admissions in community hospitals for California. Pedal cyclist injury records were selected using Clinical Classification Software codes (External Causes of Injury code 2608 “Pedal Cyclist, not MVT”). We examine patient characteristics related to pedal cyclist injuries including age, gender, insurance status, race, disposition status and all related bodily injuries. Trends in number of bicycle-related injuries on public roads, and ED visits and inpatient admissions (number and per capita) are presented. Cost-to-charge ratios provided by HCUP are used to calculate costs of treatment for injured bicyclists. Results During the 7-year period from 2005 to 2011, there were 275,845 ED visits and 24,281 pedal cyclist-related inpatient admissions in the state of California. Number of ED visits per 100,000 population increased from 95.1 to 122.6 in 2005-11—a 29% increase. Much of this increase was driven by older pedal cyclists. The average age of a cyclist increased by 3.4 years in the study period, and the proportion aged 45 and older increased from 15.9% to 22.1%. For inpatient admissions, this proportion increased from 39.1% to 50.4%. Upper limb fractures and intracranial injuries were the most common types of injuries sustained by hospitalized pedal cyclists. Median inpatient costs of treatment were $11,264 per case, and totaled $59.7 million in 2011. Conclusions In an average week in California, there are about 26.5 million pedal cycling trips. Although pedal cycling is associated with a number of important cardiovascular and other health benefits, our study suggests that injuries have increased substantially as pedal cycling has become more popular. These results call for the need to examine pedal cycling safety efforts, especially among older riders who are at risk for serious injury.
The Progressive Presidency and the Shaping of the Modern Executive

The contemporary presidency, with its expanded foreign policy, administrative and public duties, is largely a brainchild of the Progressive Era. The Progressives envisioned an enlarged executive, one outside the original guidelines of the U.S. Constitution, which they deemed “archaic,” “undemocratic,” and unsuited to the demands of the modern age, in which mass capitalism dislocated, alienated and disenfranchised the common man. The Progressives wanted to bring about a more energetic, streamlined, and unified state at the helm of which stood the presidency, an office of popular leadership and swift action. To accommodate this new, active figure, some Progressives believed it necessary to break with the old Constitution, something moderates like Woodrow Wilson were loath to do. Wilson saw the Constitution as a “living document,” capable of adapting to fit the spirit of the times. This claim, geared to placate legal conservatives, unfortunately allowed future presidents to take advantage of the new tools of the Progressive executive without pondering its rightful constitutional status.In this paper, I explore the Progressive “legacy” for the president and suggest that in expanding executive institutional power without enacting corresponding constitutional changes, it has left present-day constitutionalists in a bind. The modern presidential toolkit is functionally equivalent to that of the Progressive president, although, by legitimating itself on “originalist” grounds, it has shed the proposed Progressive constraints upon it of a more active citizenry and a new constitutionalism. As a result, today we find ourselves tenaciously defending the unerring wisdom of the separation of powers even while confronted with the increasingly obvious realization that the old constitutional checks alone are insufficient to cabin executive power. The Progressives took us far enough from the Founding Fathers’ modest executive that we can no longer return to this original vision, but in failing to smash our formalist paradigms of presidential power, they did not take us far enough.
Norwegians and Swedes in the United States: Friends and Neighbors

Review of: "Norwegians and Swedes in the United States: Friends and Neighbors," edited by Philip J. Anderson and Dag Blanck.
Risk Management at Crunch Time: Are Chief Risk Officers Compliance Champions or Business Partners?

Risk management departments in financial institutions have been undergoing major transformations. New regulatory requirements have raised the bar on compliance and expanded the remit of risk management significantly. The compliance imperative requires banks to implement a firm-wide risk management framework complete with analytical models for the measurement and control of quantifiable risks. In addition, recent corporate governance guidelines advocate the 'business partner' role of risk management. The COSO Enterprise Risk Management framework (2004) explicitly defines risk management as a high-level strategic activity, contributing to board-level decision making, planning and performance management. This role requires that senior risk officers possess an understanding of key strategic uncertainties, and that they communicate these to senior management and the business lines. But how do senior risk officers strike a balance between the twin roles of compliance champion and business partner? Too much reliance on the regulatory crutch may erode the credibility of the risk function as a business partner, while too much emphasis on the business advisory function might weaken its policing capability. In this paper, I assess the roles that risk functions and, in particular, senior risk officers play in fifteen international banks. Because the research was carried out between June 2006 and June 2007, it offers a rare snapshot of the 'calm before the storm' - the state of risk management at fifteen large players before the liquidity and credit crunch became apparent in the second half of 2007. The findings suggest that the role of chief risk officers (CROs) had expanded dramatically, with more than half of them frequently involved in firm-level strategic decisions. However, various compliance and risk modeling initiatives were still works-in-progress in the majority of these large international banks at the onset of the market turmoil. CROs voiced divergent views on the uses, benefits and limitations of risk models, suggesting that they promoted different 'calculative cultures' (quantitative enthusiasm versus quantitative skepticism). Strategically involved CROs therefore interpreted the business-partner role of their function in different ways. Some risk functions aspired for an influential expert voice in key business decisions (the risk function as strategic advisor), while others strived for the formal integration of risk management with performance management (the risk function as strategic controller). The achievement of the Strategic Advisor role in some banks and the Strategic Controller role in others, calls for a clarification of stakeholder expectations on risk management. This would reduce the danger of an expectations gap opening around particular risk management approaches that are adequate for certain banks but ill-suited for others.
Fast algorithms for selecting specific siRNA in complete mRNA data

The Specific Selection Problem arises from the need to design short interfering RNA (siRNA) that aims at gene silencing. These short sequences target specific messenger RNA (mRNA) and cause the degradation of such mRNA, inhibiting the synthesis of the protein generated by it. In [11] this problem was solved in a reasonable amount of time when restricted to the design of siRNA for a particular mRNA, but their approach becomes too time consuming when trying to design siRNA for each mRNA in a given organism. We devise simple algorithms based on sorting and hashing techniques that allow us to solve this problem for the entire mRNA of the Human in less than 4 hours, obtaining a speedup of almost two orders of magnitude over previous approaches.