cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of platelet retention on artificial microvascular grafts with monoclonal antibodies and a high-affinity peptide directed against platelet membrane glycoproteins.

Rapid occlusion of artificial microvascular grafts (AMGs; less than or equal to 2-mm diameter) by platelet-rich thrombi prevents the clinical use of AMGs in cardiac, vascular, and plastic surgery. Since present antiplatelet agents are unable to assure AMG patency, we have studied the role of specific platelet membrane-glycoprotein blockade on platelet retention by AMGs. In a customized in vitro perfusion chamber, retention on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) AMGs (1.0-mm i.d.) of indium-111-labeled platelets in human whole blood was measured in the presence and absence of inhibitors. Specific blockade of platelet membrane glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa was achieved using monoclonal antibody 10E5 (10 micrograms/ml) and the peptide GRGDS (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, 0.75 mM). These inhibited 98% and 35%, respectively, of platelet retention under circumstances in which aspirin (7 mM) and dextran (4 mg/ml) inhibited 19% and 18%, respectively, of platelet retention. Nonspecific immunoglobulin G F(ab')2 (10 micrograms/ml) and nonspecific peptide (GGDA; Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala, 0.75 mM), used as control reagents, were ineffective in this setting. Monoclonal antibody 6D1 (10 micrograms/ml), which blocks platelet membrane GpIb, prevented 82% of platelet retention on PTFE. These doses of 10E5 and GRGDS completely inhibited platelet aggregation in response to 20 microM ADP, and the dose of 6D1 completely inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. The aspirin dose prevented the second phase of ADP-induced aggregation. These data indicate that not only does initial platelet adhesion to PTFE require GpIIb/IIIa but also that GpIb plays a significant role in the early stages of platelet retention on PTFE AMGs.
The effect of aging on the rat submandibular gland: an ultrastructural, cytochemical and biochemical study.

The effect of aging on the rat submandibular gland was studied by using ultrastructural, ultrastructural cytochemical and biochemical techniques. There was an age-related clumping of the nucleolar-associated and peripheral chromatin in many of the acinar cells and a decrease in the number of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Many aged acinar cells were binucleated. There was also an age-related increase in pigment granules throughout the gland. These membrane bound granules consisted of a lipid droplet and an associated dense cap which had a granular matrix and pigment droplets. The lead capture method for acid phosphatase activity demonstrated that activity was associated with the granular matrix of the dense cap. These results were correlated with the age-related increase in acid phosphatase activity as determined by colorimetric procedures. There was an age-related increase in the number of cells characterized by small secretory granules. These cells were found as part of the intercalated ducts or at the junction of the duct with the acini. Oncocytes were also found as part of the parenchyma of the aged submandibular gland. These cells were characterized by the pleomorphic mitochondria that fill their cytoplasm. Occasionally, cells that possessed extraordinary numbers of mitochondria and small secretory granules were also observed. The determinations of total DNA and RNA revealed and age-related decrease in RNA while there was no significant change in the concentration of DNA.
Transient stress evolution and crystallization in laser-irradiated amorphous titania sol-gel films

Amorphous Ti02 sol-gel films are irreversibly transformed to a crystalline anatase phase when heated to temperatures in excess of 575 K or subjected to intense pulsed or CW laser irradiation. The laser-induced transformation is initiated as a result of impurity absorption and subsequent heating, and results in densification and relative changes in compressive stress of the film. Isothermally annealed films exhibit a decrease in compressive stress as crystallization proceeds while an increase in compressive stress followed by a decrease in stress is observed when crystallization is laser-induced. Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the crystallization ingrowth kinetics and is used in this work as a real time probe of both film temperature and localized stress which can be evaluated from shifts in lattice phonon frequencies measured in real time during laser irradiation. The laser not only induces the phase transformation but excites inelastic Raman scattering from which film stress and temperature can be estimated. A second approach for the determination of these parameters requires incorporation of a thin ruby film between the titania and silica substrate. Here, the wavelength shift of the laser-induced ruby fluorescence can be used to quantify interfacial stress; the fluorescence lifetime measurements are used to determine temperature. The advantages and limitations of these techniques for evaluating transient stress and temperature evolution in thin titania films subjected to CW laser irradiation will be discussed.
Las Comadres and adult day care centers: The perceived impact of socialization on mental wellness

Abstract Using a semi-structured interview format, this study examined the narratives of 24 Mexican-American, elderly impoverished women in order to gain their perception of the effects of adult day care centers (ADCs) on their mental and physical wellness. Some of the emergent themes and categories included 1) popular activities, crafts, dances, prayers and services, 2) depression, isolation and boredom 3) family stress, children living far away, history of verbal and physical abuse, 4) reliance on other comadres, and 5) perceived positive affect of ADCs and socialization on health, easing of depression, and relying on other comadres. Pearlin's Stress Process Model [Pearlin, L. I. 1999. “The Stress Process Revisited: Reflections on Concepts and their Interrelationships”. Pp. 395–415 in Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health, edited by C. S. Aneshensel and J. C. Phelan. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.] provides explanations for the buffering effects of socialization and activities that ADCs provide. Data suggests that ADC activities buffer stress related to growing old and play an important role in alleviating depression.
Child Sexual Abuse in the United States: Perspectives on Assessment and Intervention

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread problem the United States as it is in many areas of the world today. CSA can lead to a host of psychological and emotional difficulties and disorders that can cripple some children and youth for a lifetime. In this article the authors discuss the sexual abuse of minors in the United States. Risk factors involved in and potential causes of CSA are discussed. Signs and symptoms of CSA are summarized along with common consequences associated with sexual abuse. Characteristics of sexual perpetrators of children and adolescents are also examined. In addition, the authors discuss the problems children often have in disclosing the abuse, along with the individual, familial and societal challenges involved in reporting incidences of sexual abuse. Some assessment issues and tools associated with CSA are highlighted, and the importance of investigators and clinicians capturing children's narrative descriptions of their abuse, and various methods for doing so, are outlined. Finally, an overview of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for children is presented, and common challenges for therapists in treating children who have experienced sexual abuse and their families are discussed. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Surface Hall effect in magneto-electric media

The nature of the bulk energy per unit volume in magneto-electric crystals implies an unusual form of Hall effect confined to the boundary surface crystal faces.
Routine urine drug screening at the first prenatal visit

Summary OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study is to determine whether routine urine drug screening at the firstprenatal visit will identify and permit early intervention for those at risk for poor outcome. STUDY DESIGN : Comparisons of maternal and neonatal outcomes between 166 randomly chosenpatients with positive and 150 randomly chosen patients with negative drug screens identified by the enzyme multiplied immunoassay test were made by unpaired t test, X 2 test, probit analysis, and tests of independent Poisson distributions. RESULTS : Forty percent of those identified denied drug use. Antepartum ( p p p p p CONCLUSION : Because of difficulty in identifying illicit substance-using patients, consideration should begiven to the implementation of routine urine drug screening at the first prenatal visit in populations with a high rate of illicit substance use
Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in East African cichlid fishes

Since their discovery almost one hundred years ago, the adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes in the largest East African lakes have fascinated biologists. They are a prime example of explosive speciation. Among vertebrates, these species assemblages are the most species rich and the most diverse, morphologically, ecologically and behaviorally. Recent phylogenetic analyses of molecular data and refined knowledge about the geological history of the East African lakes are throwing new light on the evolutionary history of these extraordinary fish faunas.
Informal Ambassadors: American Women, Transatlantic Marriages, and Anglo-American Relations, 1865-1945

From 1865 to 1945, a number of prominent marriages united American heiresses and members of the British aristocracy. In Informal Ambassadors, author Dana Cooper examines the lives and marriages of the American-born, British-wed Lady Jennie Jerome Churchill, Mary Endicott Chamberlain, Vicereine Mary Leiter Curzon, Duchess Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan, and Lady Nancy Astor. This cohort of women surprised their families--both British and American--by exhibiting an extraordinary degree of agency in a period that placed women solidly outside the boundaries of politics and diplomacy. Without the formal title of diplomat or membership in Parliament, these women nonetheless exerted significant influence in the male-dominated arena of foreign affairs and international politics. As the wives of leading members of the British aristocracy, they had uncompromised and unlimited access to the eyes and ears of individuals at the highest level in Great Britain--the very decision makers who formulated and implemented foreign policy with their home country. Collectively and individually, these informal ambassadors worked to improve relations at the turn of the twentieth century, and by no coincidence, the United States and Great Britain began to view one another less as adversaries and more as allies. Combining diplomatic history with gender and women's history, Informal Ambassadors demonstrates not only that could women act as transnational envoys at a time when they could not apply for State Department employment but that they influenced Anglo-American relations to a degree never before considered by historians.
Effectiveness of a high school smoking cessation program.

Objective. To evaluate the impact of a school-based smoking cessation program targeting adolescents interested in quitting. Design. Randomized clinical trial over one school year. Setting. Large public high school. Participants. Students interested in quitting smoking. Intervention. Seventy-four students were randomized to receive either: 1) a 6-week, 8-session, classroom-based, smoking cessation curriculum designed for adolescents ( n = 35) or 2) an informational pamphlet on how to quit smoking with promise of the classroom curriculum in 3 months ( n = 39). Outcome Measures. Change in smoking behavior measured by: 1) self-reported smoking cessation and exhaled carbon monoxide Analysis. Intention-to-treat. Results. Participants in the classroom group attended an average of 4.4 sessions. At the end of the curriculum, the classroom group was significantly more likely to be smoke-free (59% vs 17%), to have tried to quit smoking (82% vs 54%), and to reduce mean cpd (7.0 vs 1.0). Four weeks later, these differences persisted: smoke-free (52% vs 20%), quit attempt (85% vs 60%), and reduction in mean cpd (6.6 vs 1.6). Changes in saliva cotinine were consistent with reported outcome measures; those who were smoke-free had a significant reduction in saliva cotinine at the end of the intervention, and at 4 weeks. At 10 and 20 weeks after the curriculum, 41% and 31%, respectively, of the classroom group remained smoke-free. Once participants in the pamphlet group underwent the classroom intervention (average attendance of 2.2 sessions) their cessation rates were similar to the initial group: 31% at the end of the curriculum and 27% 10 weeks later. Conclusion. A school-based curriculum for adolescent smoking cessation is more effective than an informational pamphlet alone and reduces cigarette use by adolescents. More research is needed to test the reproducibility, sustainability, and generalizability of this curriculum to offer more smoking cessation options to teenagers.
PCAOB audit regulation a decade after SOX: : where it stands and what the future holds

SYNOPSIS: This commentary assesses the status of audit regulation under the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and explores what the future might hold. The commentary discusses how d...
Regulation of Rat Ornithine Decarboxylase Promoter Activity by Binding of Transcription Factor Sp1

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of the rat ODC gene using transient expression assays. The 5′-flanking region (−1156 to +13) of the ODC gene was sufficient to mediate strong basal expression of a luciferase reporter. Sequences between −345 and −93 contributed to basal promoter activity. This region, containing five potential Sp1 binding sites, was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Three specific DNA-protein complexes were identified using H35 nuclear extracts and the −345/-93 ODC probe. Binding to all three was eliminated by competition with an oligonucleotide containing an Sp1 binding site, but not by a mutant Sp1 oligonucleotide. Preincubation with an antibody against Sp1 supershifted complexes associated with one or more of Sp1 binding sites 1-4 as well as with site 5. DNase I footprinting revealed two protected regions: PR-I (−92 to −130) and PR-II (−304 to −332). PR-I contains a putative binding site for Sp1 that was protected by recombinant Sp1 protein. Transfection studies in Schneider SL2 cells demonstrated that the ODC promoter is trans-activated up to 350-fold by Sp1 and that this trans-activation is dependent on the presence of Sp1 binding sites 1-4. Thus, although the ODC promoter binds multiple nuclear proteins, Sp1 or a related protein appears to be a critical determinant of ODC transcription, possibly through cooperative interactions between Sp1 and additional transcription factors.
Iron overload in survivors of childhood leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Iron overload has not been studied extensively and prospectively in pediatric survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); therefore, we conducted a prospective long-term study of 133 survivors of childhood leukemia to assess the incidence of and risk factors for iron overload and to investigate its association with organ dysfunction. One yr after HSCT, the mean serum ferritin level was 1158 ng/mL (range, 22-3264 ng/mL), with 124 patients (93.2%) having a serum ferritin level that exceeded the upper limit of the normal range (110 ng/mL). Thereafter, the serum ferritin level declined over time. There was a positive correlation between the level of serum ferritin and that of total bilirubin (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (r = 0.17, p < 0.001). A high concentration of serum ferritin was associated with low cardiac fractional shortening (r = -0.15, p = 0.047). In addition, patients with hypothyroidism and GH deficiency had a higher level of serum ferritin than those without (p < 0.02). We conclude that iron overload is common after HSCT and is associated with hepatic, cardiac, and endocrine dysfunction.
Microwave sintering of alumina at 2.45 GHz

The sintering kinetics and microstructural evolution of alumina tubes (∼17 mm length, ∼9 mm inner diameter, and ∼11 mm outer diameter) were studied by conventional and microwave heating at 2.45 GHz. Temperature during microwave heating was measured with an infrared pyrometer and was calibrated to ±10°C. With no hold at sintering temperature, microwave-sintered samples reached 95% density at 1350°C versus 1600°C for conventionally heated samples. The activation energy for microwave sintering was 85 ± 10 kJ/mol, whereas the activation energy for conventionally sintered samples was 520 ± 14 kJ/mol. Despite the difference in temperature, grains grew from ∼1.0 μm at 86% density to ∼2.6 μm at 98% density for both conventionally sintered and microwave-sintered samples. The grain size/density trajectory was independent of the heating source. It is concluded that the enhanced densification with microwave heating is not a consequence of fast-firing and therefore is not a result in the change in the relative rates of surface and grain boundary diffusion in the presence of microwave energy.
Transitions of the type 2s-2p in highly charged fluorinelike and oxygenlike Mo, Cd, In, and Sn

Transitions of the type 2s–2p in the F i and O i isoelectronic sequences have been identified in the extreme-ultraviolet spectra from plasmas that were produced by one beam of the Nova laser. In the F i sequence, two were observed for the ions Mo33+, Cd39+, In40+, and Sn41+. In the O i sequence, 13 transitions were transitions observed for Mo34+, 7 transitions for Cd40+, 8 transitions for In41+, and 7 transitions for Sn42+. The observed wavelengths were compared with calculated wavelengths, and predicted wavelengths are presented for the F i sequence up to atomic number Z = 64 and for the O i sequence to Z = 54.
Comparison of the LoTrach and the Portex Soft Seal cuff: tracheal wall pressure and fluid leakage in a benchtop study and a clinical study

The objective of the study is to demonstrate two methods of measuring tracheal wall pressure (in vitro and in patients), with the LoTrach (LVLP) cuff and with conventional high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) cuffs. The LoTrach (VTSL, Singapore) is a new tracheal tube designed for use for mechanical ventilation in the critically ill. The LoTrach has been shown to prevent the ubiquitous problem of micro-aspiration of secretions associated with conventional HVLP cuffs [1]. Aspiration prevention is achieved by the properties of the LoTrach's low-volume low-pressure (LVLP) cuff, and these have been previously described [1,2]. It is important that, alongside achieving aspiration prevention, there is also tracheal wall pressure control. The LoTrach LVLP cuff is calibrated such that the sum of the elastic forces within the cuff remain constant throughout the inflation profile. Thus, at the working intra-cuff pressure of 80 cmH2O, only a consistent and acceptable 30 cmH2O is transmitted to the tracheal wall [2].
The Computer Graphics User/Machine Interface

In many instances, computer graphics can provide a powerful, rapid man-machine interface by proper application of simple pattern recognition techniques. The techniques briefly discussed are those used to classify real-time sequences of x, y coordinates such as occur with several graphical input devices, including the RAND tablet.
Population Differences in the Rate of Proliferation of International HapMap Cell Lines

The International HapMap Project is a resource for researchers containing genotype, sequencing, and expression information for EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from populations across the world. The expansion of the HapMap beyond the four initial populations of Phase 2, referred to as Phase 3, has increased the sample number and ethnic diversity available for investigation. However, differences in the rate of cellular proliferation between the populations can serve as confounders in phenotype-genotype studies using these cell lines. Within the Phase 2 populations, the JPT and CHB cell lines grow faster (p < 0.0001) than the CEU or YRI cell lines. Phase 3 YRI cell lines grow significantly slower than Phase 2 YRI lines (p < 0.0001), with no widespread genetic differences based on common SNPs. In addition, we found significant growth differences between the cell lines in the Phase 2 ASN populations and the Han Chinese from the Denver metropolitan area panel in Phase 3 (p < 0.0001). Therefore, studies that separate HapMap panels into discovery and replication sets must take this into consideration.
Safe: simulation automation framework for experiments

The workflow of a network simulation study requires adherence to best practices in methodology so that results are credible and reproducible by third parties. The opportunities for one to introduce errors start at model description and permeate the process through to the reporting of results. The literature indicates that even publications in respected venues include inadvertent mistakes and poor application of methodology. When experts are liable to fail, it is unreasonable to expect that students would fare any better. This paper presents a system designed to provide guidance for inexperienced users of the popular ns-3 network simulator. SAFE automates the workflow from the initialization of model parameters, to the parallelized execution of experiments, to the processing and persistent storage of output data, and to graphical visualization of results. We discuss the architecture and the implementation of the system in the context of similar contributions in the literature.
Ethnographic fallacies: reflections on labour studies in the era of market fundamentalism

Michael Burawoy reflects back on 40 years of industrial ethnography in Zambia, the USA, Hungary and Russia to discover the mistakes he made and, thus, to infer the fallacies to which ethnography is...
MDAN-21: A Bivalent Opioid Ligand Containing mu-Agonist and Delta-Antagonist Pharmacophores and Its Effects in Rhesus Monkeys

MDAN-21, 7′-{2-[(7-{2-[({(5α,6α)-4,5-Epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-methylmorphin-6-yl}-aminocarbonyl)metoxy]-acetylamino}-heptylaminocarbonyl)-methoxy]-acetylamino}-naltrindole, a bivalent opioid ligand containing a mu-opioid receptor agonist (derived from oxymorphone) linked to the delta-opioid receptor antagonist (related to naltrindole) by a spacer of 21 atoms, was reported to have potent analgesic properties in mice. Tolerance, physical dependence, and conditioned place preference were not evident in that species. The finding that bivalent ligands in this series, with spacers 19 atoms or greater, were devoid of tolerance and dependence led to the proposal that MDAN-21 targets heteromeric mu-delta-opioid receptors. The present study focused on its effects in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta), a species with a physiology and behavioral repertoire not unlike humans. With regard to opioids, this species usually better predicts clinical outcomes. MDAN-21 substituted for morphine in morphine-dependent monkeys in the remarkably low dose range 0.006–0.032 mg/kg, subcutaneously. Although MDAN-21 failed to produce reliable thermal analgesia in the dose range 0.0032–0.032 mg/kg, intramuscularly, it was active in the same dose range and by the same route of administration, in the capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia assay. The results suggest that MDAN-21 may be useful in the treatment of opioid dependence and allodynia. The data provide additional evidence that opioid withdrawal is associated with sensitized pain.
Operationalising the theory of optimum currency areas

Recent years have seen a wave of empirical studies attempting to give empirical content to the theory of optimum currency areas as a way of marshalling evidence on the costs and benefits of EMU. This paper reviews this empirical literature, as a way of examining the success with which theory has been operationalized. We also report some new work on the impact of German unification and increasing economic integration in Europe on correlations of underlying disturbances and on geographic specialization of production. We conclude with some thoughts about directions for future research.
Multi-scale wavelet modulation

The purpose of this paper is to provide the fundamental characterization of a general multidimensional modulation format which utilizes wavelet basis functions as pulse shapes. This type of modulation is particularly effective in distorting channels since it allows for frequency selective processing. In addition to developing the signal format, power spectral density, bandwidth efficiency and error rate performance, an efficient digital implementation utilizing digital filter banks is put forth. Finally, the use of wavelets in communication is seen to generate new pulse shape designs. A practical solution discussed in the paper applies the Smith-Barnwell two-channel filter bank design. >
Predicting Cytotoxic T-cell Age from Multivariate Analysis of Static and Dynamic Biomarkers

Adoptive T-cell transfer therapy relies upon in vitro expansion of autologous cytotoxic T cells that are capable of tumor recognition. The success of this cell-based therapy depends on the specificity and responsiveness of the T cell clones before transfer. During ex vivo expansion, CD8+ T cells present signs of replicative senescence and loss of function. The transfer of nonresponsive senescent T cells is a major bottleneck for the success of adoptive T-cell transfer therapy. Quantitative methods for assessing cellular age and responsiveness will facilitate the development of appropriate cell expansion and selection protocols. Although several biomarkers of lymphocyte senescence have been identified, these proteins in isolation are not sufficient to determine the age-dependent responsiveness of T cells. We have developed a multivariate model capable of extracting combinations of markers that are the most informative to predict cellular age. To acquire signaling information with high temporal resolution, we designed a microfluidic chip enabling parallel lysis and fixation of stimulated cell samples on-chip. The acquisition of 25 static biomarkers and 48 dynamic signaling measurements at different days in culture, integrating single-cell and population based information, allowed the multivariate regression model to accurately predict CD8+ T-cell age. From surface marker expression and early phosphorylation events following T-cell receptor stimulation, the model successfully predicts days in culture and number of population doublings with R2 = 0.91 and 0.98, respectively. Furthermore, we found that impairment of early signaling events following T cell receptor stimulation because of long term culture allows prediction of costimulatory molecules CD28 and CD27 expression levels and the number of population divisions in culture from a limited subset of signaling proteins. The multivariate analysis highlights the information content of both averaged biomarker values and heterogeneity metrics for prediction of cellular age within a T cell population.
Planning studies of etiology

Knowledge of the environmental and genetic etiologies of complex cognitive disorders can guide strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and therapy, but disentangling the various causes can be very challenging. Two basic approaches can be used in identifying genetic factors, a top-down approach, in which phenotypic descriptions are used to discover genes that influence those phenotypes, and a bottom-up approach, comparing the phenotypic effects of genes that are known to cause syndromes that include cognitive disabilities. Thorough characterization of phenotypes throughout development is critical to both of these methods. These strategies have been applied to the characterization of genetic etiologies for reading disability, language disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism.
Low Temperature Phosphine Fumigation for Postharvest Control of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Lettuce, Broccoli, Asparagus, and Strawberry

U.S. exported lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberries often harbor western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a quarantined pest in Taiwan, and therefore require quarantine treatment. Fumigation with diluted pure phosphine at a low temperature of 2°C was studied to control western flower thrips and to determine effects on the quality of the treated products. Total thrips control was achieved in ≥18-h fumigation treatments with ≥250 ppm phosphine. One day fumigation treatment with 1,000 ppm phosphine was tested on lettuce and broccoli. One-day fumigation treatments with 500 ppm and 1,000 ppm phosphine were tested on asparagus and strawberry. Visual quality of lettuce, broccoli, and asparagus was evaluated after 2-wk posttreatment storage. Strawberry quality was evaluated immediately after fumigation and after 1-wk posttreatment storage. For all the products, there were no significant differences between the treatments and the controls in postharvest quality, and there were no injuries caused by the fumigation treatments. Therefore, phosphine fumigation at low temperature was promising for postharvest control of western flower thrips on lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberry.
Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response: There's An App for That.

Introduction Smartphone applications (or apps) are becoming increasingly popular with emergency responders and health care providers, as well as the public as a whole. There are thousands of medical apps available for Smartphones and tablet computers, with more added each day. These include apps to view textbooks, guidelines, medication databases, medical calculators, and radiology images. Hypothesis/Problem With an ever expanding catalog of apps that relate to disaster medicine, it is hard for both the lay public and responders to know where to turn for effective Smartphone apps. A systematic review of these apps was conducted. METHODS: A search of the Apple iTunes store (Version 12; Apple Inc.; Cupertino, California USA) was performed using the following terms obtained from the PubMed Medical Subject Headings Database: Emergency Preparedness, Emergency Responders, Disaster, Disaster Planning, Disaster Medicine, Bioterrorism, Chemical Terrorism, Hazardous Materials (HazMat), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). After excluding any unrelated apps, a working list of apps was formed and categorized based on topics. Apps were grouped based on applicability to responders, the lay public, or regional preparedness, and were then ranked based on iTunes user reviews, value, relevance to audience, and user interface. RESULTS: This search revealed 683 applications and was narrowed to 219 based on relevance to the field. After grouping the apps as described above, and subsequently ranking them, the highest quality apps were determined from each group. The Community Emergency Response Teams and FEMA had the best apps for National Disaster Medical System responders. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had high-quality apps for emergency responders in a variety of fields. The National Library of Medicine's Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) app was an excellent app for HazMat responders. The American Red Cross had the most useful apps for natural disasters. Numerous valuable apps for public use, including alert apps, educational apps, and a well-made regional app, were also identified. CONCLUSION: Smartphone applications are fast becoming essential to emergency responders and the lay public. Many high-quality apps existing in various price ranges and serving different populations were identified. This field is changing rapidly and it deserves continued analysis as more apps are developed. Bachmann DJ , Jamison NK , Martin A , Delgado J , Kman NE. Emergency preparedness and disaster response: there's an app for that. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):1-5. Language: en
Performing Tricksters: Karen Tei Yamashita and Guillermo Gómez-Peña

In the United States, Guillermo Gomez-Pena and Karen Tei Yamashita are categorized under the "multicultural" rubric becauseof the content and approach of their writing. Both writers draw upon the trickster tradition in order to resist and challenge social conventions, as well as to deconstruct and understand diverse cultural traditions. These two writers-one a self-identified Mexicano who aligns himself with the political struggle initiated by the 1960s Chicano student movement, the other an Asian American woman of Japanese descent-employ multicultural performance as a means for confronting the social injustices that plague ethnic/racial communities in the United States. They confront persisting issues around the discussion of nationalism. Writing to counter premises which fail to consider differences within their particular ethnic/racial configurations, Gomez-Pena and Yamashita engage readers to become active participants rather than passive agents, as they illuminate divergent views related to the socia...
Employing Forbidden Transitions as Qubits in a Nuclear Spin-Free Chromium Complex

The implementation of quantum computation (QC) would revolutionize scientific fields ranging from encryption to quantum simulation. One intuitive candidate for the smallest unit of a quantum computer, a qubit, is electronic spin. A prominent proposal for QC relies on high-spin magnetic molecules, where multiple transitions between the many MS levels are employed as qubits. Yet, over a decade after the original notion, the exploitation of multiple transitions within a single manifold for QC remains unrealized in these high-spin species due to the challenge of accessing forbidden transitions. To create a proof-of-concept system, we synthesized the novel nuclear spin-free complex [Cr(C3S5)3](3-) with precisely tuned zero-field splitting parameters that create two spectroscopically addressable transitions, with one being a forbidden transition. Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements enabled the investigation of the coherent lifetimes (T2) and quantum control (Rabi oscillations) for two transitions, one allowed and one forbidden, within the S = (3)/2 spin manifold. This investigation represents a step forward in the development of high-spin species as a pathway to scalable QC systems within magnetic molecules.
How To Approach Incidental Findings on Computed Tomography Images of the Lungs Obtained in Hybrid Imaging

Cross-sectional imaging has become an important component in nuclear medicine, as it can be used for more precise anatomic localization as well as attenuation correction. Positron emission tomography (PET) performed in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in staging and restaging malignancies and occasionally used for other imaging purposes such as evaluating larger lung nodules and for myocardial imaging. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is also performed in conjunction with CT to improve anatomic localization. Very recently, hybrid imaging with PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become available and may prove to have many applications beyond oncologic imaging.
Self Restraint and Substantive Due Process

This essay contends that the Supreme Court's opinion in Washington v. Glucksberg provides the preferred approach to substantive due process analysis since it exemplifies judicial restraint. It begins by pointing out the necessity for self-restraint because of the few effective formal limits on the Court's authority. It then describes the standard in Glucksberg and, through a historical survey, demonstrates that it revives the approach to Fourteenth Amendment due process analysis developed on the post-Civil War Court. The essay concludes by suggesting that the Court could use the Glucksberg standard, given its implicit respect for state autonomy, to decide not to apply a right to keep and bear arms against the states.
Neurosurgical Advances in Trauma Management

Traumatic brain injury is managed using both surgical and nonsurgical methods. This chapter describes the current and evolving surgical and nonsurgical treatments used for various traumatic brain injuries. Surgical treatments range from standard craniotomies, commonly used to treat subdural and epidural hematomas, to endovascular treatments for carotid and vertebral artery pathology. Nonsurgical treatments include intracranial pressure monitoring and medical managements that may be used to supplement or in lieu of surgical treatments depending on the type of neurotrauma. In this chapter, we outline surgical and nonsurgical management of epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, traumatic parenchymal lesions, depressed cranial fracture, penetrating intracranial injury, diffuse axonal injury, carotid and vertebral artery dissection, and blast injury.
Lateral Diffusion and Capture of Iron in P-Type Silicon

The lateral motion of iron impurities was observed and studied in ptype iron contaminated silicon. The lateral diffusion was induced by and then measured using Schottky diodes with a special interdigitated fingers design. Capture of the impurities was done by diffusing to laterally placed dislocation loops formed by a self aligned ion implantation. Lateral changes in Fe concentration were determined using capacitance-voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy.
Constructional paradigms affect visual lexical decision latencies in English.

Previous research on morphological processing suggests that the probability distribution of a word across its inflected variants influences the recognition of that word. Recently, similar effects have been reported for relations between prepositions and definite-noun-phrase heads in English trigrams (e.g., in the bucket). In the present study, we test whether both effects could be accounted for in terms of string proximity and/or semantic similarity alone, or whether the findings for English trigrams should be attributed to syntactic paradigm effects. We ‘fake’ a case system for English using syntactic positions and prepositions as proxies for the relational meanings expressed inflectionally in other languages. Based on these syntactic factors, we define a syntactic inflectional entropy to parallel the morphological entropy measures used in prior studies. We found that this new measure correlates negatively with visual lexical decision RTs. However, unlike prior studies, we did not find a semantic priming effect between nouns with similar distributions in our paradigmatic vectors. This finding suggests that abstract constructional distributions facilitate lexical access while obscuring semantic relations between similarly distributed words.
Lessons Learned in Development of a Behavior Modeling Tool for Health Intervention Design: BehaviorSim

The BehaviorSim Modeling Tool, a behavioral-scientist-facing software for development of Computational Human Behavior Models (CHBMs), has been developed in an effort to close the gap between Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention researchers and dynamical systems modeling. We present a summary of our iterative methodology for creating the BehaviorSim Model Builder alongside insights and lessons learned at each stage of the process. Drawing from our lessons learned, we highlight and explain the following UI design guidelines as especially important in the development of future CHBM tools: (1) promote expertise development, (2) enable quick model iteration, (3) present high-level visualizations to de-internalize models, and (4) utilize adaptive interfaces. A focus on these design guidelines in the development of future CHBM tools, combined with the provided user persona, will allow developers to create systems that are more accessible and have more utility to JiTAI designers.
Primary Emotions: Anger, Fear, and Tenderness

In presenting primary emotions as different as hunger, lust-sex, and respect-deference, I have focussed on the experienced quality and the situational object-meaning to distinguish each tendency. This does not mean that in the total life of a person, at different stages of development, the nature of the involvement of physiological and behavioral factors does not need careful attention if we are to understand the dynamics of each primary emotion.1 This will be evident as we consider other primary emotions.
The cost of seeking an edge: Recurrent renal infarction in setting of recreational use of anabolic steroids.

Introduction Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use and testosterone therapy have been well established risk factors for the creation of a pro-thrombotic state, and to precipitate formation of thromboemboli in individuals already predisposed to thrombosis.
A Novel Percentage-Based System for Determining Aseptic Loosening of Total Knee Arthroplasty Tibial Components

Abstract Background There are limited data on evaluating the significance of radiolucent lines and aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We sought to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the Knee Society Total Knee Arthroplasty Roentgenographic Evaluation and Scoring System (KSRES) in detecting tibial component loosening compared to a novel percentage-based system (PBS). Methods We retrospectively reviewed radiographs obtained from 48 patients within 6 months prior to revision TKA. The radiographs were randomized and four reviewers independently used the KSRES to categorize tibial implants as nonconcerning, clinical follow-up for progression, or loose as described by KSRES. For the PBS, the percent involvement of the tibial implant interface of any radiolucency at the bone-cement or cement-implant interface was determined. The higher percentage from either the anteroposterior or the lateral image was the final score. Components were categorized as nonconcerning (≤10%), clinical follow-up for progression (11%-24%), or loose (≥25%). We compared the sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reliability using intraoperative assessment of implant fixation as the gold standard. Results For the KSRES, the mean sensitivity for determining tibial loosening was 7.3% and mean specificity for determining a nonconcerning implant was 95.9%. The PBS significantly increased the sensitivity to 91.1% ( P P = .2). Interobserver reliability significantly increased from a mean kappa of 0.26 to 0.75 ( P Conclusion The KSRES significantly underestimates implant loosening. The proposed percentage-based system demonstrated excellent sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reliability in determining tibial implant loosening in this patient population.
Pharmacy residents as primary educators within a professional pharmacy elective

Abstract Background and purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a course change from a faculty-led professional pharmacy elective to a primarily pharmacy resident-led course on student satisfaction and learning. Educational activity and setting In 2014, pharmacy residents were transitioned into primary teaching roles in a drug-induced diseases elective to increase student exposure to residents and different teaching styles. Student learning roles did not change. Course evaluations and grades were compared between the resident-led year and prior year. Findings There was no significant difference between overall course grades during the resident-led year (94.2 ± 36.6 in 2014 vs. 94.1 ± 2.7 in 2013; p=0.975). Course evaluations were similar to the previous year and students provided favorable feedback. Discussion and summary This pharmacy resident-led elective allowed for resident integration in to an interactive professional elective. Student satisfaction with the course remained similar to the previous year and overall course grades did not differ.
Thoracic Diseases in the Elderly for Geriatric Trauma and Emergency Care

Thoracic diseases in the geriatric patient that require emergency surgery are highly varied and can be quite challenging. They will often present with similar symptom complexes and can easily be confused with medically treated diseases. Unfortunately, many are imminently fatal if prompt diagnosis and management are not initiated. In this chapter, a broad range of thoracic surgical emergencies will be discussed. Specific focus will be given to those etiologies found most commonly in the geriatric population. In most cases, treatment of these conditions does not differ with advancing age.
A novel machine learning approach reveals latent vascular phenotypes predictive of renal cancer outcome

Gene expression signatures are commonly used as predictive biomarkers, but do not capture structural features within the tissue architecture. Here we apply a 2-step machine learning framework for quantitative imaging of tumor vasculature to derive a spatially informed, prognostic gene signature. The trained algorithms classify endothelial cells and generate a vascular area mask (VAM) in H&E micrographs of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Quantification of VAMs led to the discovery of 9 vascular features (9VF) that predicted disease-free-survival in a discovery cohort (n = 64, HR = 2.3). Correlation analysis and information gain identified a 14 gene expression signature related to the 9VF’s. Two generalized linear models with elastic net regularization (14VF and 14GT), based on the 14 genes, separated independent cohorts of up to 301 cases into good and poor disease-free survival groups (14VF HR = 2.4, 14GT HR = 3.33). For the first time, we successfully applied digital image analysis and targeted machine learning to develop prognostic, morphology-based, gene expression signatures from the vascular architecture. This novel morphogenomic approach has the potential to improve previous methods for biomarker development.
Post-licensure safety monitoring of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2009-2015.

Abstract Background The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (4vHPV) for use in females and males aged 9–26 years, since 2006 and 2009 respectively. We characterized reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a US spontaneous reporting system, in females and males who received 4vHPV vaccination. Methods We searched VAERS for US reports of adverse events (AEs) following 4vHPV from January 2009 through December 2015. Signs and symptoms were coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). We calculated reporting rates and conducted empirical Bayesian data mining to identify disproportional reports. Clinicians reviewed available information, including medical records, and reports of selected pre-specified conditions. Findings VAERS received 19,760 reports following 4vHPV; 60.2% in females, 17.2% in males, and in 22.6% sex was missing. Overall, 94.2% of reports were non-serious; dizziness, syncope and injection site reactions were commonly reported in both males and females. Headache, fatigue and nausea were commonly reported serious AEs. More than 60 million 4vHPV doses were distributed during the study period. Crude AE reporting rates were 327 reports per million 4vHPV doses distributed for all reports, and 19 per million for serious reports. Among 29 verified reports of death, there was no pattern of clustering of deaths by diagnosis, co-morbidities, age, or interval from vaccination to death. Interpretation No new or unexpected safety concerns or reporting patterns of 4vHPV with clinically important AEs were detected. Safety profile of 4vHPV is consistent with data from pre-licensure trials and postmarketing safety data.