cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process and Structural Implications for IT-Enabled Outsourcing

Recent research examined the non-traditional, but increasingly common case of the use of IT to facilitate theoretically inconsistent outsourcing decisions involving strategic core firm resources and asset-specific capabilities. It further illustrated how IT can enable such outsourcing decisions and how performance advantages may ensue. However, the process and structural implications of such practices remain unexamined. This paper extends this area of research by proposing three distinct approaches to IT-enabled business process outsourcing BPO. The authors differentiate these approaches by the timing of when the outsourcing vendor takes ownership of the activity, and when and where any transformation of the activity takes place. The authors label these processes by the order of the initial activities that lead the outsourcing process, e.g., transformation, transition, or a transfer of an organizational activity. The authors illustrate and discuss the implications of the propositions through several real-world case examples.
Why is Pluto bright? Implications of the albedo and lightcurve behavior of Pluto

Several mechanisms accounting for Pluto's high geometric albedo in the presence of CH4 and various radiations are investigated, in light of the hypothesis that the planet must replenish its surface with clean volatiles on a time-scale of less than 20,000 years. Pluto's high albedo is explained by a CH4 snow cover created by orbital atmospheric sublimation and freeze-out cycles. As a result of the 250-year atmospheric regeneration time-scale, large surface CH4 crystals will be deprived of sufficient time for growth; it is predicted that the albedo decline will reverse following a 7-17 year phase lag after perihelion.
SeedMe preview: your results from disk to device

Computational simulations have become an indispensible tool for a wide variety of science and engineering investigations. With the rise in complexity and size of computational simulations, it has become necessary to continually and rapidly assess simulation output. Visualization could play an even more important and critical role for qualitative assessment of raw data. The result of many visualization processes is a set of image sequences, which can be encoded as a movie and distributed within and beyond the research group. The movie encoding process is a computationally intensive, manual, serial, cumbersome and complicated process as well as one that each research group must undertake. Furthermore, sharing visualizations within and outside the research groups requires additional effort. On the other hand, the ubiquity of portable wireless devices has made it possible and oftentimes desirable to access information anywhere and at anytime, yet the application of this capability for use in computational research and outreach has been negligible. We are building a cyberinfrastructure SeedMe (Stream Encode Explore Disseminate My Experiments) to fill these gaps that will enable seamless sharing and streaming of visualization content on a variety of platforms from mobile devices to workstations making it possible to conveniently view and assess the results thus provide an essential yet missing component in computational research and current High Performance Computing infrastructure.
On the geometry of inner ideals

The notion of an inner ideal, which has arisen in the study of Jordan algebras, is extended here to an arbitrary finite dimensional module M for a finite dimensional Lie algebra with nondegenerate symmetric associative bilinear form. The extension is made by first defining a product xy∗z for x, z ϵ M, y∗ ϵ M∗ (the contragredient module). With suitable identification of M∗ with M, this product is, in various cases, that of a Jordan triple system, a Lie triple system, a symplectic ternary algebra, and other ternary algebras. The inner ideals of M are used to describe several special geometries previously defined by ad hoc methods on certain Lie modules. Finally, for a split semisimple Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero, the inner ideals are shown to correspond to the objects of a geometry defined by Tits from the corresponding Chevalley group.
Semi-formal Evaluation of Conversational Characters

Conversational dialogue systems cannot be evaluated in a fully formal manner, because dialogue is heavily dependent on context and current dialogue theory is not precise enough to specify a target output ahead of time. Instead, we evaluate dialogue systems in a semi-formal manner, using human judges to rate the coherence of a conversational character and correlating these judgments with measures extracted from within the system. We present a series of three evaluations of a single conversational character over the course of a year, demonstrating how this kind of evaluation helps bring about an improvement in overall dialogue coherence.
Myopotential inhibition of unipolar pacing in children.

Myopotential inhibition of unipolar demand pacing systems has been shown to be a frequent occurrence in adults with transvenous pacing systems in which the pulse generators are implanted adjacent to the pectoralis muscle. To evaluate this problem in children, most of whom have epimyocardiol systems and abdominal wall generator implants, 50 patients underwent electrocardiographically monitored exercise nnd 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiograph monitoring. Patients' ages at the time of study ranged from less than one year to 18 years, and weights ranged from less than 5 kg to 63 kg. Sixteen different models of pulse generators from five manufacturers were involved. Pacing modes were VVI. DVI. AAI, VDD, and DDD. Forty-seven patients had epimyocardial systems. None of the patients was symptomatic as a result of myopotential inhibition. Oniy three patients (6%) had any evidence of myopotential inhibition and all three demonstrated this inhibition on both monitored exercise and ambulatory electrocardiograph. The inhibition was eliminated by reprogramming the sensitivity levels of the three generators without compromising R-wave sensing. Thirteen of the remaining 35 patients with mulliprogrammable generators had induction of myopotential inhibition when exercised after temporary programming to maximal sensitivity settings. Myopotential inhibition of unipolar demand pacing appears to be less frequent and less problematic in the pediatric population, even though they are physically quite active. It is not clear whether this is a function of patient size or the abdominal wall position of the pulse generator. Because our three cases of pacing inhibition occurred in larger children, we currently recommend repeated testing for myopotential inhibition as the patients continue to grow.
Superior Visual Analysis and Imagery in an Autistic Child with Drawing Talent

Two opposing theories have been proposed to account for the strong visuospatial performance often seen in high-functioning individuals with autism. According to the weak central coherence account, individuals with autism show a local processing bias. They have a superior grasp of the local details of a visual display but fail to grasp global aspects of the display (Happe & Frith, 2006). According to the enhanced perceptual functioning account, individuals with autism have superior local processing as well as intact global processing (Mottron & Burack, 2001). We report a case study of J.G., a 10-year-old child of normal intelligence diagnosed with autism. He experienced expressive language delay, but showed special talents in both drawing and visual imagery. Our tests revealed that J.G. had superior local but poor global processing. This pattern of performance provides stronger support for weak central coherence than for enhanced perceptual functioning.
Quantitative estimation of the thermal dose-modifying factor for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) in tumour-bearing dogs.

A statistical method for estimating clinical toxicity was used to determine a theoretical isoeffect dosemodifying factor for dogs with disseminated or refractory neoplasia treated with cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) plus whole-body hyperthermia or CDDP alone. CDDP was administered every 3 weeks with vigorous saline hydration to 54 dogs (CDDP alone n=21, CDDP/WBH n = 33) that were eligible for entry into this non-randomized study. CDDP was administered during the plateau phase of WBH in dogs receiving combined therapy. Acute toxicity included myelosuppression (CDDP n=7; CDDP/WBH n=5), nephrotoxicity (CDDP n= 1, CDDP/WBH n= 1) and respiratory distress (CDDP/WBH n=2). Eight dogs experienced chronic renal dysfunction as a result of CDDP (n=2) or CDDP/WBH (n=6). A theoretical thermal dose-modifying factor was determined for both acute and cumulative toxicity by comparing the maximum tolerated dose of each treatment group. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of CDDP WBH was defined as that dose producing a 50%...
Poetry on the Screen

Can a classroom computer be made to behave in poetic ways? What is the difference between poetry encountered on the page and on the screen? Can educators use computers to create poetry experiences that make us and our students laugh or cry or wonder or turn the page (or link to another screen) until we find a poem that sings the tune we wish to hear? The author explores all these issues and makes practical suggestions for using technology to enhance the love of poetry.
Adenovirus vaccine immunotherapy targeting WT1-expressing tumors.

Importance of the field: Tumor associated antigens (TAAs) offer specific targets for developing cancer immunotherapies. In particular, viral vectors encoding transgenic TAAs have been used in recent vaccination strategies. Wilm's Tumor gene (WT1) is a robust TAA which is overexpressed in many malignancies and has been recently used to develop a novel recombinant adenovirus (Ad-WT1) for antitumor immunotherapy.Areas covered in this review: The lines of evidence over the past two decades leading to the development of Ad-WT1 immunotherapy are reviewed, including preclinical studies and clinical trials using WT1-based vaccines and TAA-expressing adenoviral vectors for antitumor therapy.What the reader will gain: The fundamental immunogenic properties of WT1-based vaccines are detailed, as well as the recent progress in using adenoviral vectors for eliciting a TAA-specific immune response. The reader will also gain an understanding of the evidence supporting Ad-WT1 antitumor therapy in vivo.Take home message: ...
Enhanced Specialized Transduction Using Recombineering in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Genetic engineering has contributed greatly to our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis biology and has facilitated antimycobacterial and vaccine development. However, methods to generate M. tuberculosis deletion mutants remain labor-intensive and relatively inefficient. Here, methods are described that significantly enhance the efficiency (greater than 100-fold) of recovering deletion mutants by the expression of mycobacteriophage recombineering functions during the course of infection with specialized transducing phages delivering allelic exchange substrates. This system has been successfully applied to the CDC1551 strain of M. tuberculosis, as well as to a ΔrecD mutant generated in the CDC1551 parental strain. The latter studies were undertaken as there were precedents in both the Escherichia coli literature and mycobacterial literature for enhancement of homologous recombination in strains lacking RecD. In combination, these measures yielded a dramatic increase in the recovery of deletion mutants and are expected to facilitate construction of a comprehensive library of mutants with every nonessential gene of M. tuberculosis deleted. The findings also open up the potential for sophisticated genetic screens, such as synthetic lethal analyses, which have so far not been feasible for the slow-growing mycobacteria. IMPORTANCE Genetic manipulation of M. tuberculosis is hampered by laborious and relatively inefficient methods for generating deletion mutant strains. The combined use of phage-based transduction and recombineering methods greatly enhances the efficiency by which knockout strains can be generated. The additional elimination of recD further enhances this efficiency. The methods described herein will facilitate the construction of comprehensive gene knockout libraries and expedite the isolation of previously difficult to recover mutants, promoting antimicrobial and vaccine development.
The nervus facialis of the albino mouse

The facial nerve of the mouse corresponds very closely to that of other mammals and man, and more closely resembles the glossopharyngeal than any of the other cranial nerves. It consists of two parts: one part made up of those fibers which arise inthe motor nucleus and form the motor part of the nerve, the other part being formed by the'nervus intermedius and its peripheral continuation.
Integrated provenance record of a forearc basin modified by slab‐window magmatism: detrital‐ zircon geochronology and sandstone compositions of the Paleogene Arkose Ridge Formation, south‐central Alaska

Abstract This study presents an integrated provenance record for ancient forearc strata in southern Alaska. Paleocene–Eocene sedimentary and volcanic strata >2000 m thick in the southern Talkeetna Mountains record nonmarine sediment accumulation in a remnant forearc basin. In these strata, igneous detritus dominates conglomerate and sandstone detrital modes, including plutonic and volcanic clasts, plagioclase feldspar, and monocrystalline quartz. Volcanic detritus is more abundant and increases upsection in eastern sandstone and conglomerate. U‐Pb ages of >1600 detrital zircons from 19 sandstone samples document three main populations: 60–48 Ma (late Paleocene–Eocene; 14% of all grains), 85–60 Ma (late Cretaceous–early Paleocene; 64%) and 200–100 Ma (Jurassic–Early Cretaceous; 11%). Eastern sections exhibit the broadest distribution of detrital ages, including a principal population of late Paleocene–Eocene ages. In contrast, central and western sections yield mainly late Cretaceous–early Paleocene detrital ages. Collectively, our results permit reconstruction of individual fluvial drainages oriented transverse to a dissected arc. Specifically, new data suggest: (1) Detritus was eroded from volcanic‐plutonic sources exposed along the arcward margin of the sampled forearc basin fill, primarily Jurassic–Paleocene magmatic‐arc plutons and spatially limited late Paleocene–Eocene volcanic centers; (2) Eastern deposystems received higher proportions of juvenile volcanic detritus through time from late Paleocene–Eocene volcanic centers, consistent with emplacement of a slab window beneath the northeastern part of the basin during spreading‐ridge subduction; (3) Western deposystems transported volcanic‐plutonic detritus from Jurassic–Paleocene remnant arc plutons and local eruptive centers that flanked the northwestern part of the basin; (4) Diagnostic evidence of sediment derivation from accretionary‐prism strata exposed trenchward of the basin fill is lacking. Our results provide geologic evidence for latest Cretaceous–early Paleocene exhumation of arc plutons and marine forearc strata followed by nonmarine sediment accumulation and slab‐window magmatism. This inferred history supports models that invoke spreading‐ridge subduction beneath southern Alaska during Paleogene time, providing a framework for understanding a mature continental‐arc/forearc‐basin system modified by ridge subduction. Conventional provenance models predict reduced input of volcanic detritus to forearc basins during progressive exhumation of the volcanic edifice and increasing exposure of subvolcanic plutons. In contrast, our results show that forearc basins influenced by ridge subduction may record localized increases in juvenile volcanic detritus during late‐stage evolution in response to accumulation of volcanic sequences formed from slab‐window eruptive centers.
Multiscale modeling of the dynamics of solids at finite temperature

We developa general multiscale method for coupling atomistic and continuum simulations using the framework of the heterogeneous multiscale method (HMM). Both the atomistic and the continuum models are formulated in the form of conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy. A macroscale solver, here the finite volume scheme, is used everywhere on a macrogrid; whenever necessary the macroscale fluxes are computed using the microscale model, which is in turn constrained by the local macrostate of the system, e.g. the deformation gradient tensor, the mean velocity and the local temperature. We discuss how these constraints can be imposed in the form of boundary conditions. When isolated defects are present, we developan additional strategy for defect tracking. This method naturally decoup les the atomistic time scales from the continuum time scale. Applications to shock propagation, thermal expansion, phase boundary and twin boundary dynamics are presented. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Large-scale pattern discovery in music

This work focuses on extracting patterns in musical data from very large collections. The problem is split in two parts. First, we build such a large collection, the Million Song Dataset, to provide researchers access to commercial-size datasets. Second, we use this collection to study cover song recognition which involves finding harmonic patterns from audio features. Regarding the Million Song Dataset, we detail how we built the original collection from an online API, and how we encouraged other organizations to participate in the project. The result is the largest research dataset with heterogeneous sources of data available to music technology researchers. We demonstrate some of its potential and discuss the impact it already has on the field. On cover song recognition, we must revisit the existing literature since there are no publicly available results on a dataset of more than a few thousand entries. We present two solutions to tackle the problem, one using a hashing method, and one using a higher-level feature computed from the chromagram (dubbed the 2DFTM). We further investigate the 2DFTM since it has potential to be a relevant representation for any task involving audio harmonic content. Finally, we discuss the future of the dataset and the hope of seeing more work making use of the different sources of data that are linked in the Million Song Dataset. Regarding cover songs, we explain how this might be a first step towards defining a harmonic manifold of music, a space where harmonic similarities between songs would be more apparent.
A Structure-Based Mechanism for Arf1-Dependent Recruitment of Coatomer to Membranes

Summary Budding of COPI-coated vesicles from Golgi membranes requires an Arf family G protein and the coatomer complex recruited from cytosol. Arf is also required with coatomer-related clathrin adaptor complexes to bud vesicles from the trans -Golgi network and endosomal compartments. To understand the structural basis for Arf-dependent recruitment of a vesicular coat to the membrane, we determined the structure of Arf1 bound to the γζ-COP subcomplex of coatomer. Structure-guided biochemical analysis reveals that a second Arf1-GTP molecule binds to βδ-COP at a site common to the γ- and β-COP subunits. The Arf1-binding sites on coatomer are spatially related to PtdIns4,5P 2 -binding sites on the endocytic AP2 complex, providing evidence that the orientation of membrane binding is general for this class of vesicular coat proteins. A bivalent GTP-dependent binding mode has implications for the dynamics of coatomer interaction with the Golgi and for the selection of cargo molecules.
A New Species of Marsupial Frog (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Río Abiseo National Park in Peru

Abstract We describe a new species of Gastrotheca from the Rio Abiseo National Park of the San Martin Region in the Andes of northern Peru. The description is based on a series of 29 specimens that were collected between 1989 and 1999 at two localities (Pampa del Cuy, Alpamachay) in the wet puna of the national park between 3380 and 3470 m elevation. The new species has a snout–vent length of 46.9–57.7 mm (53.5 ± 3.0) in females (n = 21), and 35.3–43.8 mm (41.6 ± 3.2) in males (n = 6). In life, the dorsum is pale grayish brown with reddish-brown paravertebral markings or blotches, and the venter is cream. Females have a single median, dorsal brood pouch and release tadpoles in water as indicated by two specimens found at Gosner Stages 45 and 46. The new species is distinguished from all of its congeners by having the dorsum with two reddish-brown paravertebral markings bearing prominent longitudinal ridges and warts. The new species differs from the two other species of Gastrotheca (G. ossilaginis, G....
Qualitative studies in the era of scientifically‐based research: musings of a former QSE editor

Ten years have slipped by since Richard Wisniewski and I passed along the executive editorship of QSE. A great deal has changed in that relatively short period. Political power in the United States has shifted dramatically to the right, and conservative politicians and their cronies in academe have legislated a definition of science that effectively marginalizes qualitative studies in education. At the same time, many scholars who count themselves as qualitative methodologists have become so engrossed in a postmodern obsession with deconstruction and critique that they have essentially left the field to the neo‐conservatives without a real fight. If qualitative researchers want to take on the scientifically based research crowd, they should be mounting both offensive and defensive maneuvers. A strong offense would feature the production of high‐quality qualitative studies that make a compelling case for the importance and efficacy of research done in other than the positivist paradigm. The best defense wo...
Catecholamine-mediated inactivation of poliovirus RNA.

Abstract Catecholamine (DOPA, dopamine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine) and Cu2+ produced a potent inactivator(s) of transfectivity of poliovirus RNA. Al3+, Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Sn4+ and Zn2+ did not substitute for Cu2+. Potency of inactivator(s) was eliminated by chelator (EDTA, histamine, or L-histidine). Kinetics of inactivation was single-hit, and inactivation was first order with respect to inactivator(s). A method for estimating relative concentration of inactivator(s) showed its course of production at 23 degrees C from norepinephrine at 10 microM and Cu2+ at 1.0 microM: under air, inactivator(s) peaked after 95 min, then decayed; under oxygen, peak was after 40 min; and under nitrogen, no production was detected. After prolonged exposure, most of the tritium from tritiated viral RNA appeared in small fragments. As tested with Cu2+ and norepinephrine, Al3+ and Fe3+ interfered strongly with production of inactivator(s) but not with preformed inactivator(s). An inactivator role for copper complexes of the semiquinone derivatives is hypothesized.
Optical Manipulation using Silicon Nanophotonics (Invited)

In this paper I review our work on the use of silicon nanophotonics for optical manipulation of nanoparticles and biomolecules, focusing on ways in which these techniques represent an improvement over free space manipulation.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was evaluated in a modified rabbit endocarditis model and compared with results obtained with methicillin-sensitive S. epidermidis (MSSE). One dose of nafcillin, cefamandole, cephalothin, or vancomycin neither prevented endocarditis nor sterilized the blood of rabbits challenged with each of two MRSE or two MSSE isolates. One dose of gentamicin protected greater than or equal to 80% of animals challenged with three of the four isolates, and one dose of rifampin protected greater than or equal to 90% challenged with any of the four isolates. Multiple doses of any of the antibiotics prevented endocarditis in greater than or equal to 80% of rabbits challenged with MSSE, and four doses of vancomycin protected rabbits challenged with MRSE. However, MRSE endocarditis was prevented in less than or equal to 25% of animals given six doses of nafcillin or cephalosporins. Thus, nafcillin and cephalosporins were ineffective prophylaxis for MRSE endocarditis, whereas vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin were effective.
Effect of Participation in Marketing Research on Consumer Attitudes toward Research and Satisfaction with a Service

In on-site research the sponsor is often obvious. Whether participation in research creates consumer dissatisfaction with being in the study and with the sponsor's service is an important question....
Spin Hurwitz numbers and the Gromov-Witten invariants of Kähler surfaces

The classical Hurwitz numbers which count coverings of a complex curve have an analog when the curve is endowed with a theta characteristic. These “spin Hurwitz numbers”, recently studied by Eskin, Okounkov and Pandharipande, are interesting in their own right. By the authors’ previous work, they are also related to the Gromov-Witten invariants of Kahler surfaces. We prove a recursive formula for spin Hurwitz numbers, which then gives the dimension zero GW invariants of Kahler surfaces with positive geometric genus. The proof uses a degeneration of spin curves, an invariant defined by the spectral flow of certain anti-linear deformations of ∂, and an interesting localization phenomenon for eigenfunctions that shows that maps with even ramification points cancel in pairs. The Hurwitz numbers of a complex curveD count covers with specified ramification type. Specifically, consider degree d (possibly disconnected) covering maps f : C → D with fixed ramification points q, . . . , q ∈ D and ramification given by m, . . . ,m where each m = (m1, · · · ,mili) is a partition of d. The Euler characteristic of C is related to the genus h of D and the partition lengths l(m) = li by the Riemann-Hurwitz formula χ(C) = 2d(1− h) + k ∑ i=1 ( l(m)− d). (1.1) In this context, there is an ordinary Hurwitz number ∑ 1 |Aut(f)| (1.2) that counts the covers f satisfying (1.1) mod automorphisms; the sum depends only on h and {mi}. Now fix a theta characteristic N on D, that is, a holomorphic line bundle with an isomorphism N = KD whereKD is the canonical bundle of D. The pair (D,N) is called a spin curve. By a well-known theorem of Mumford and Atiyah, the deformation class of the spin curve is completely characterized by the genus h of D and the parity p = (−1)h0(D,N) (1.3) Now consider degree d ramified covers f : C → D for which • each partition m is odd, i.e. each mj is an odd number. (1.4) In this case, the ramification divisor Rf of f is even and the twisted pullback bundle Nf = f ∗N ⊗O ( 1 2Rf ) (1.5) ∗partially supported by N.S.F. grants DMS-1206192 (J.L.) and DMS-1011793 (T.P.)
Development of a Functional Marker for Fragrance Gene in Rice

In order to improve the precision of marker-assisted selection for fragrance gene in rice, a functional marker GRFM04 has been developed based on the deletion of 8 bp in DNA sequence of BAD2 gene, namely the fragrance gene, in the fragrant rice varieties. The F2 segregation population derived from a cross of fragrant rice variety Yuefeng B and non-fragrant rice variety Zhenfeng B, and 16 fragrant as well as 6 non-fragrant varieties were analyzed by using the marker GRFM04. The results showed that,the homozygous genotype with fragrance, the heterozygous genotype, and the homozygous non-fragrant genotype could be clearly distinguished and the band types were in completely accordance with the phenotypes of fragrance for all the individual plants in the F2 population and the 22 fragrant and non-fragrant rice varieties. The development of the functional marker GRFM04 will be of practical significance in enhancing the efficiency in genetically improving fragrant traits and fragrant rice breeding.
Experimental Study on RTDS-Based Arc-suppression Line Selection Device

At present,the multi-tap arc-suppression coils in the distribution network can not be simulated in real-time field.The automatic arc suppression coil compensation and earth fault line selection device(refered to arc-suppression line selection device) can just be tested by open-loop method,resulting no information of its actual operation in the system in the test.So an experimental study method is introduced in the paper for the arc-suppression line selection device based on RTDS real-time simulation system.To verify the actural work of the arc-suppression line selection device,the multi-tap arc-suppression coil is simulated and the distribution network with arc-suppression coil grouding is built in RTDS.In the simulation system,the device under test receives the desired analog signal and return the control signal to the RTDS,forming a closed-loop-test environment for the arc-suppression line selection device.According to test requirements,various experiments and theoretical analysis of output waveforms are done.From the simulation results,the method described in the paper is practical and feasible.
Canine Gastric Acid Secretion and Blood Flow Measurement in Hemorrhagic Shock

In 5 anesthetized and 5 conscious dogs, gastric blood flow was measured with 15-μ labeled microspheres. Acid secretion and regional flow under control conditions (mean blood pressure (BP) = 100 mm Hg), after 1 hr of hemorrhagic shock (mean BP = 40 mm Hg), and 60 min after re transfusion of shed blood (mean BP = 100 mm Hg) were measured. Results are expressed as mean milliequivalents per hour for acid secretion and milliliters per minute x 100 g of tissue for blood flow. These results indicate that (1) acid secretion and regional blood flow are significantly higher in conscious dogs; (2) hemorrhagic shock caused a significant reduction of acid secretion and blood flow within the gastric tissue; (3) blood flow to fundic mucosa decreases more than antral mucosa (P
Propagation of atmospheric density errors to satellite orbits

We develop and test approximate analytic expressions relating time-dependent atmospheric density errors to errors in the mean motion and mean anomaly orbital elements. The mean motion and mean anomaly errors are proportional to the first and second integrals, respectively, of the density error. This means that the mean anomaly (and hence the in-track position) error variance grows with time as t3 for a white noise density error process and as t5 for a Brownian motion density error process. Our approximate expressions are accurate over a wide range of orbital configurations, provided the perigee altitude change is less than ∼0.2 atmospheric scale heights. For orbit prediction, density forecasts are driven in large part by forecasts of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance; we show that errors in EUV ten-day forecasts (and consequently in the density forecasts) approximately follow a Brownian motion process.
Experimental demonstration of poling-free and non-resonant second-harmonic generation in single-mode integrated waveguides

Second-harmonic generation is demonstrated for the first time in a single-mode, thin-film lithium niobate waveguide without periodic poling or resonant enhancement. This is achieved by a long-period width variation, deemed mode-shape modulation.
Numerical Simulation of Boundary Layer Flow over Suction Holes

Direct numerical simulations based on the complete Navier-Stokes equations are employed to explore the effects of suction holes on the generation and amplification of Tollmien-Schlichting waves in a flat plate boundary layer. The Navier-Stokes equations are used in vorticity-velocity form. Periodicity is imposed in spanwise direction; all other spatial derivatives are discretized with fourth order compact differences. An explicit fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme is employed for the time-integration of the vorticity transport equations. Suction is applied through a row of holes aligned in spanwise direction. Results are presented for suction holes with two different diameters, and for suction through a slot.
Experimental observation of viscoelastic fluid–structure interactions

It is well known that when a flexible or flexibly mounted structure is placed perpendicular to the flow of a Newtonian fluid, it can oscillate due to the shedding of separated vortices. Here, we show for the first time that fluid–structure interactions can also be observed when the fluid is viscoelastic. For viscoelastic fluids, a flexible structure can become unstable in the absence of fluid inertia, at infinitesimal Reynolds numbers, due to the onset of a purely elastic flow instability. Nonlinear periodic oscillations of the flexible structure are observed and found to be coupled to the time-dependent growth and decay of viscoelastic stresses in the wake of the structure.
Recent references May through August 1987

A reaction and keyword index is given for all literature received by the National Nuclear Data Center or assigned key numbers between May and August 1987. (AIP) copyright 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
Enhancing Technology Skills of Maternal and Child Health Professionals

Objective: Information technology skills are essential for effective and efficient practice in maternal and child health (MCH). Methods: Prior to the beginning of a web-based analytic skills training course, enrolled MCH professionals confidence in using e-mail and other Internet skills and beliefs about their usefulness were assessed. Results: The assessment showed that participants believed strongly in the value of the specific technology skills but confidence in the ability to use these skills was low. Conclusion: An online technology skills training module was developed based on skills needed for the course to ensure that course participants learned and practiced the technology skills necessary to successfully complete the online analytic skills course. We describe the development, implementation, and results of the online technology skills module.
Fuzzy Ontology Modeling by Utilizing Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Description Logic

In this paper, we propose a fuzzy ontology model by using fuzzy set and description fuzzy logic in order to support fuzzy inference model and fuzzy ontology integration. As in previous studies, elements of a fuzzy ontology are fuzzed by using a class member function based on the fuzzy set theory. The significant contribution of this work is to supplement the fuzzification of concepts with respect to the corresponding ontology. Besides, we clarify the set Z by using fuzzy description logic representing for constrains among ontology elements which have never been mentioned before. In this paper, we also execute the proposed fuzzy ontology implemented in OWL2 language. We employ Protege to present the fuzzy ontology design in weather domain for demonstration.
Supports for deeper learning of inquiry-based ecosystem science in virtual environments - Comparing virtual and physical concept mapping

Abstract Concept mapping is an important tool used in science learning to help students construct understanding about fundamental concepts and how they are related. The EcoXPT research project has the goal of supporting authentic experiment-based inquiry within an immersive virtual world curriculum for middle school ecosystem science. It builds on prior research with the EcoMUVE curriculum, which includes, as a culminating activity, student teams creating hand-drawn concept maps to represent their hypotheses about the causal relationships in a virtual ecosystem. As part of the initial Design-Based Research phase of EcoXPT, researchers developed a new electronic concept mapping tool which was piloted with the EcoMUVE curriculum. This study looks at differences in concept maps drawn by student teams based on whether they were given access to the new concept-mapping tool. The findings provide insight into the impact of concept map scaffolding choices, and inform the design of future versions of the tool.
Aqueous Ion Trapping and Transport in Graphene-Embedded 18-Crown-6 Ether Pores

Using extensive room-temperature molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate selective aqueous cation trapping and permeation in graphene-embedded 18-crown-6 ether pores. We show that in the presence of suspended water-immersed crown-porous graphene, K+ ions rapidly organize and trap stably within the pores, in contrast with Na+ ions. As a result, significant qualitative differences in permeation between ionic species arise. The trapped ion occupancy and permeation behaviors are shown to be highly voltage-tunable. Interestingly, we demonstrate the possibility of performing conceptually straightforward ion-based logical operations resulting from controllable membrane charging by the trapped ions. In addition, we show that ionic transistors based on crown-porous graphene are possible, suggesting utility in cascaded ion-based logic circuitry. Our results indicate that in addition to numerous possible applications of graphene-embedded crown ether nanopores, including deionization, ion sensing/sieving, and ...
Interpretive Reasoning with Hypothetical Cases.

Reasoning with hypothetical cases helps decision-makers evaluate alternate hypotheses for deciding a case. The hypotheticals demonstrate the sensitivity of a hypothesis to apparently small factual differences that may require different results because they shift the tradeoffs among conflicting underlying principles. By anticipating variations, the decision-maker seeks to formulate as general and robust a hypothesis as possible. This paper presents a model of the role of hypothetical cases in assessing legal hypotheses and illustrates it with examples drawn from a Supreme Court oral argument. It describes the LARGO program, an intelligent tutoring system to help law students learn the model by graphically representing complex argument examples. LARGO analyzes students’ graphs and provides feedback to encourage them to reflect on the examples in light of the model. 1
Establishment of Fluent Speech in Stutterers

Stuttering (or stammering, as it is sometimes known) is a distinctive form of behavior involving anomalous movements of laryngeal and vocal tract motor systems during attempts to produce speech. The repetition of sounds, syllables and words, the apparent “sticking” on a sound, and the blockage of voice during attempts to initiate speech are among the more discriminable physical features of stuttering.
Negation, Absurdity and Contrariety

I argue for a rule-based account of negation answering to both constructivist and relevantist demands. We can give such an account in terms of basic contrarieties, and by co-inductively defining proofs and disproofs, without having to make explicit appeal to the absurdity constant ┴. If we do make such an appeal, it is to ┴ only as a structural punctuation marker within deductions, a device that allows us to assimilate disproofs to the general class of proofs. ┴ does not, in this role, need to be governed by any ‘introduction’ or ‘elimination’ rules of its own. Nor does ┴ need to be treated as a propositional constant eligible for embedding within other sentences. But even if we do treat ┴ as an embeddable propositional constant, it does not follow that negation can, let alone should, be defined in terms of it. Negation should be taken as primitive, and one should explain how a grasp of its sense arises from one’s prior grasp of primitive metaphysical contrarieties within an interpreted language.
Analysis of Dynamics in a Complex Food Chain with Ratio-Dependent Functional Response

In this paper, we study a new model obtained as an extension of a three-species food chain model with ratio-dependent functional response. We provide non-persistence and permanence results and investigate the stability of all possible equilibria in relation to the ecological parameters. Results are obtained for the trivial and prey-only equilibria where the singularity of the model prevents linearization, and the remaining semi-trivial equilibria are studied using linearization. We provide a detailed analysis of conditions for existence, uniqueness, and multiplicity of coexistence equilibria, as well as permanent eect for all species. The complexity of the dynamics in this model is theoretically discussed and graphically demonstrated through various examples and numerical simulations.
Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint

The shoulder joint is designed to provide maximum mobility to the upper limb. Its range of motion is approximately 180° in the frontal plane—i.e., the fully adducted limb can be raised high above the head. Perhaps even more impressive is the joint’s capacity for circumduction during which the arm traces in circular motion the outline of a cone whose apex is the shoulder (see Fig. 1.4, p. 7).
The Village, Families, and Archaeological Assemblages in this Study

Beginning in the mid-eighteenth century, residents of Deerfield, MA experienced the social, economic, and political transformations that emerged with the new republic. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were also eras of change, marked by the effects of intensified agricultural production and industrialization, with eventual economic decline as industry bypassed the village, and canals and railroads opened the vast agricultural regions to the west (Fig. 3.1). The ways in which the men and women in this rural village responded to and were influenced by these changes were expressed in their social and material worlds (e.g., Blades 1976, 1977; Bograd 1989; Folbre 1985; Garrison 1991; Glazier 1987; Harlow 2001; Hautaniemi 2001; Hautaniemi and Rotman 2003; Hautaniemi 2001; McGowan and Miller 1996; Miller and Lanning 1994; Paynter 2002; Paynter et al. 1987; Rotman 2001, 2005, 2006). In this chapter, I summarize the history of the village, introduce the families included in this study, and summarize the archaeological assemblages analyzed to understand gendered social relations in the community.
Effect of instrument frequency uncertainty on wideband microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images

In this paper, we investigate the effect of frequency uncertainty in signals generated or measured by a microwave instrument on the resulting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, particularly for nondestructive testing (NDT) applications. Wideband SAR imaging systems measure reflections from a target by irradiating it with locally generated signals that can potentially have some level of frequency uncertainty. Quantifying this frequency uncertainty provides the user with a realistic and expected level of image distortion which may manifest itself as blurring, noise artifacts, etc. In this paper, we show that as uncertainty in the actual frequency value increases, the level of image distortions increases predominantly for distant targets. This is an important fact for NDT applications since the imaged object is commonly close to the imaging system. In addition, these imaging system usually have a limited “aperture” size, which makes target distance an important consideration. For complex targets, we show how frequency uncertainty-based image distortions can dominate features in an image depending on the reflected signal amplitude from the target. We also show that in real imaging systems, the statistical distribution of frequency uncertainty combined with practical, near-target ranges (distances) produce nondiscernible image distortions.
Affecting parameters on fabrication of β-D-galactosidase immobilized chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers

Abstract β-galactosidase was successfully immobilized onto chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend nanofibers through electrospinning. The effects of both polymer solution parameters and the electrospinning process conditions on the morphology of nanofibers and enzyme activity were studied. FESEM results showed that both morphology and diameter of the nanofibers were significantly influenced by the studied factors. The nanofiber mats obtained from CS/PVA at 50:50 mass ratio and conditions of 20 kV and 0.5 ml/h were selected as the optimized nanofibers, with the smallest diameter and most homogenous structure. On the other hand, catalytic activity of the β-galactosidase -immobilized nanofibers (Enzyme-NF) was not significantly changed with these factors. The catalytic activity of Enzyme-NF was 57.03% of free enzyme activity at pH 6.8 and 4 °C. Furthermore, it showed more temperature stability compared to free β-galactosidase at 50 °C. During 28 days of storage, Enzyme-NF samples retained 77% and 42% of its initial activity in 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively.
Tyrosine nitration induces a metabolic reprogramming in neurofibromatosis type 2-associated Schwannoma cells

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic tumor disorder of the nervous system caused by inactivation of the merlin tumor suppressor gene. The hallmark of the disease is the development of schwannomas along the acoustic nerve, and multiple other tumors for which there is no effective treatment. Production of peroxynitrite and subsequent tyrosine (Tyr) nitration of proteins occurs in multiple tumor types. However, the role of Tyr nitration in tumorigenesis is unknown. We showed that schwannomas from NF2 patients and merlin-deficient (MD)-Schwann cells (NF2-associated schwannoma cell culture models) have significantly increased levels of Tyr nitration compared to wild-type (WT) Schwann cells. Further, prevention of tyrosine nitration significantly and selectively decreases MD-Schwann cell survival. Here we show that endogenous tyrosine nitration induces a metabolic reprogramming in human MD-Schwann cells characterized by: 1) decreased oxidative phosphorylation activity due to cytochrome coxidase inhibition, 2) increased glycolysis, and 3) almost complete glutamine dependency. Prevention of Tyr nitration reversed the metabolic phenotype of MD-Schwann cells back to that of WT-Schwann cells. We demonstrated that nitration of the chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in tumor cells decreases mitochondrial metabolism. We show here that the intracellular delivery of nitrated Hsp90 in WT-Schwann cells significantly decreases mitochondrial oxygen consumption to levels comparable to those of MD-Schwann cells containing endogenous nitrated Hsp90. These observations suggest that nitrated Hsp90 participates in the metabolic reprogramming of MD-Schwann cells. Importantly, Hsp90 is not nitrated in any normal nervous tissue we have tested so far; implying that the nitrated form of Hsp90 could be an exceptional tumor-directed target for NF2 treatment in the short term. The identification of additional nitrated proteins that promote schwannoma metabolic reprogramming and growth could provide novel targets for the treatment of NF2 and potentially other tumor associated disorders. Supported by DoD, NRP, W81XWH-17-1-0409 (to MCF).