cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional effects in shear waves

[1] Most studies on shear waves to date have assumed the flow is depth uniform (two dimensional). In the present study, we utilize the quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) nearshore circulation model SHORECIRC to study shear waves. Our results show that shear wave flow is more organized in the quasi-3D simulation than in the 2D simulation. In the 2D simulation, the vortices are moving farther offshore of the bar, while in the quasi-3D simulation, they are more confined to the shoreward side of the bar. Moreover, the shear waves in the quasi-3D simulation are much less energetic than in the 2D simulation, though the total momentum mixing for the two cases is not significantly different. To understand which mechanisms cause the differences in the 2D and the quasi-3D simulation, the momentum, kinetic energy, and enstrophy equations for the mean flow and the shear waves are derived. The momentum, energy, and enstrophy balances are discussed using the numerical results from the idealized SUPERDUCK topography and the wave conditions on October 16, 1986. The effects of the quasi-3D dispersion due to the depth varying currents on shear waves are illustrated. Analysis of the mean momentum balance shows that both the shear waves and the quasi-3D current pattern contribute to the momentum transfer, and the momentum transfer provided by the shear waves is sometimes larger than that by the quasi-3D dispersive terms. The kinetic energy balance of the shear waves shows that the quasi-3D dispersive terms will extract kinetic energy from the depth-averaged shear waves. Furthermore, the enstrophy equation demonstrates that the quasi-3D dispersion terms provide vortex tilting, which allows three-dimensional vortex interactions.
A multiple-trapping model with optical bias

Abstract The transient response of an illuminated (‘optically biased’) semiconductor to a small photoexcitation impulse is calculated by linearizing the multiple-trapping model. Both the photocurrent and photo-induced absorption responses are treated, including the effects of finite trap occupancy and of monomolecular or bimolecular recombination processes. Specific solutions are presented for exponentially distributed traps, and a simple classification of these transient responses based on a thermalization criterion is advanced. The numerical and analytical solution procedures used are, in principle, exact and may be used to calculate the transient response for arbitrary trap distributions. These solutions are compared with the approximate solutions obtained using the time-dependent demarcation-energy technique. Procedures for using the results to obtain the model parameters from experimental transient-response measurements are given.
Flexible Bayesian quantile regression for independent and clustered data

Quantile regression has emerged as a useful supplement to ordinary mean regression. Traditional frequentist quantile regression makes very minimal assumptions on the form of the error distribution and thus is able to accommodate nonnormal errors, which are common in many applications. However, inference for these models is challenging, particularly for clustered or censored data. A Bayesian approach enables exact inference and is well suited to incorporate clustered, missing, or censored data. In this paper, we propose a flexible Bayesian quantile regression model. We assume that the error distribution is an infinite mixture of Gaussian densities subject to a stochastic constraint that enables inference on the quantile of interest. This method outperforms the traditional frequentist method under a wide array of simulated data models. We extend the proposed approach to analyze clustered data. Here, we differentiate between and develop conditional and marginal models for clustered data. We apply our methods to analyze a multipatient apnea duration data set.
Cloud particle size distributions measured with an airborne digital in-line holographic instrument

Abstract. Holographic data from the prototype airborne digital holographic instrument HOLODEC (Holographic Detector for Clouds), taken during test flights are digitally reconstructed to obtain the size (equivalent diameters in the range 23 to 1000 μm), three-dimensional position, and two-dimensional image of ice particles and then ice particle size distributions and number densities are calculated using an automated algorithm with minimal user intervention. The holographic method offers the advantages of a well-defined sample volume size that is not dependent on particle size or airspeed, and offers a unique method of detecting shattered particles. The holographic method also allows the volume sample rate to be increased beyond that of the prototype HOLODEC instrument, limited solely by camera technology. HOLODEC size distributions taken in mixed-phase regions of cloud compare well to size distributions from a PMS FSSP probe also onboard the aircraft during the test flights. A conservative algorithm for detecting shattered particles utilizing their depth-position along the optical axis eliminates the obvious ice particle shattering events from the data set. In this particular case, the size distributions of non-shattered particles are reduced by approximately a factor of two for particles 15 to 70 μm in equivalent diameter, compared to size distributions of all particles.
Static determination of allocation rates to support real-time garbage collection

While it is generally accepted that garbage-collected languages offer advantages over languages in which objects must be explicitly deallocated, real-time developers are leery of the adverse effects a garbage collector might have on real-time performance. Semiautomatic approaches based on regions have been proposed, but incorrect usage could cause unbounded storage leaks or program failure. Moreover, correct usage cannot be guaranteed at compile time. Recently, real-time garbage collectors have been developed that provide a guaranteed fraction of the CPU to the application, and the correct operation of those collectors has been proven, subject only to the specification of certain statistics related to the type and rate of objects allocated by the application. However, unless those statistics are provided or estimated appropriately, the collector may fail to collect dead storage at a rate sufficient to pace the application's need for storage. Overspecification of those statistics is safe but leaves the application with less than its possible share of the CPU, which may prevent the application from meeting its deadlines.In this paper we present a static analysis to bound conservatively an application's allocation rate. The analysis is based on a data flow framework that requires interprocedural evaluation. We present the framework and results from analyzing some Java benchmarks. Because static analysis is necessarily conservative, we also present measurements of our benchmarks' actual allocation rates.Our work is a necessary step toward making real-time garbage collectors attractive to the hard-real-time community. By guaranteeing a bound on statistics provided to a real-time collector, we can guarantee the operation of the collector for a given application.
Partitioning Multi-Threaded Processors with a Large Number of Threads

Today's general-purpose processors are increasingly using multithreading in order to better leverage the additional on-chip real estate available with each technology generation. Simultaneous multi-threading (SMT) was originally proposed as a large dynamic superscalar processor with monolithic hardware structures shared among all threads. Inters hyper-threaded Pentium 4 processor partitions the queue structures among two threads, demonstrating more balanced performance by reducing the hoarding of structures by a single thread. IBM's Power5 processor is a 2-way chip multiprocessor (CMP) of SMT processors, each supporting 2 threads, which significantly reduces design complexity and can improve power efficiency. This paper examines processor partitioning options for larger numbers of threads on a chip. While growing transistor budgets permit four and eight-thread processors to be designed, design complexity, power dissipation, and wire scaling limitations create significant barriers to their actual realization. We explore the design choices of sharing, or of partitioning and distributing, the front end (instruction cache, instruction fetch, and dispatch), the execution units and associated state, as well as the L1 Dcache banks, in a clustered multi-threaded (CMT) processor. We show that the best performance is obtained by restricting the sharing of the L1 Dcache banks and the execution engines among threads. On the other hand, significant sharing of the front-end resources is the best approach. When compared against large monolithic SMT processors, a CMT processor provides very competitive IPC performance on average, 90-96% of that of partitioned SMT while being more scalable and much more power efficient. In a CMP organization, the gap between SMT and CMT processors shrinks further, making a CMP of CMT processors a highly viable alternative for the future
Overview of Cerebral Ischemia: Rationale for Cerebral Protection

With the onset of profound cerebral ischemia, a complex chain of events is set into motion. If there is no intervention, irreversible damage occurs within several minutes. Although the primary insult of cerebral ischemia is a reduction in the supply of major nutrients, the depletion of cellular energy stores soon triggers a series of secondary events known as the “ischemic cascade.” However, numerous factors influence the course of cerebral ischemia, and cell death is not necessarily the inevitable outcome. A simplified scheme of the progression of cerebral ischemia, with identification of possible sites for treatment, is presented in Figs. 1–3.
Clinical reasoning: a 35-year-old woman with acute seizures and behavior change.

A previously healthy 35-year-old Sudanese woman was admitted with new-onset right hemispheric seizures with secondary generalization. The patient’s vital signs were temperature 100.2°F, blood pressure 133/96 mm Hg, pulse 83 beats per minute, respirations 18 per minute, and oxygen saturation 100% on room air. Additionally, a complete neurologic examination was within normal limits. She was discharged on phenytoin and levetiracetam but returned 4 days later with repeated generalized tonic-clonic seizures and altered behavior. Shortly after admission, she became progressively confused with severe insomnia, amnesia, cognitive decline, and delirium, which included bouts of hypersexuality, hyperreligiosity, and auditory hallucinations; her neurologic examination continued to be unremarkable other than mental status fluctuations. Continuous EEG revealed several subclinical seizures along with 3 clinically evident seizures. These seizures progressed to become bilateral with 10-Hz rhythmic spike-and-wave complexes involving the left frontotemporal head region, and this spread to the left hemisphere and evolved to 4- to 5-Hz theta activity with amplitude of 60 μV.
The Deep Structure of Presidential Space

The “deep structure” of presidential space refers to underlying, given characteristics of the physical setting of the U.S. presidency. The institutionalized presidency has expanded greatly in the past century. At the same time, the historical home of the presidency, the White House complex, has not expanded appreciably. As a result, the institution’s office space is extremely crowded, and added room has been obtained in a successive series of nearby Washington buildings. The consequence has been to create several differentiated spatial zones, where imputed power decreases as one gets farther from the oval office. Hence, great pressure exists to be as near as possible to this center of power, creating intense space rivalries, an exaggerated sense of spatial hierarchy, and dysfunctional separation of senior officials from their staffs.
Teaching physiology through simulation of hemodynamics

A user-friendly interface to a mathematical model for teaching cardiovascular physiology is developed. The underlying model, a lumped-parameter approximation of cardiovascular hemodynamics and control, 'comes to life' in this real-time simulation. Students interact with the model through the X Window System interface, using the mouse to create continuously updating, realistic graphs of blood pressure, volume, or flow for any of the compartments. Students perform experiments on a 'virtual patient' in order to understand the intrinsic properties of the system as it responds dynamically to normal stresses and pathological insults. Instructors may set up patient cases with simulated diseases and ask students to examine the hemodynamics in order to make a diagnosis. Using this program, students are able to explore the function of the cardiovascular system in greater depth than would be possible through conventional teaching methods. >
Phase Detection Interferometric Microscopy of Electrode Surfaces Measurement of Localized Dissolution of Iron Microelectrodes

Abstract : Phase detection interferometric microscopy (PDIM) was used to obtain high resolution surface images of 100 micro m diameter iron disk exposed to 0.1M H2SO4. The initiation and growth of corrosion pits at short time (0-30 sec) were observed on relatively smooth regions of the Fe surface (r.m.s. surface roughness approx. 5.5 nm). The growth of pits at open circuit was measured with 1 nm resolution from the time of initiation to depths of 50 nm. The rate of vertical pit growth from PDIM analysis is characterized by the rate equation, y = 0.15 t2, where y is the pit depth (NM) and t is time (s). The topography of the Fe surface surrounding the pits remained virtually unchanged during pit growth, suggesting the presence of microscopic galvanic cells on the electrode surface. Mirroelectrode; High resolution imaging; Corrosion.
Elder mistreatment among rural family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

This article presents four case studies of elder abuse from the files of a multisite training project designed to teach rural caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders how to better manage behavioral problems associated with dementia. The cases are used to illustrate characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and family systems that are vulnerable to abuse. The examples presented reflect a variety of factors associated with abuse in caregiving situations, including denial and maladaptive personality characteristics in the caregiver, and anxiety and lack of knowledge. The role of health care professionals and researchers who uncover abuse or neglect situations is also discussed.
Using queries for distributed monitoring and forensics

Distributed systems are hard to build, profile, debug, and test. Monitoring a distributed system - to detect and analyze bugs, test for regressions, identify fault-tolerance problems or security compromises - can be difficult and error-prone. In this paper we argue that declarative development of distributed systems is well suited to tackle these tasks. We present an application logging, monitoring, and debugging facility that we have built on top of the P2 system, comprising an introspection model, an execution tracing component, and a distributed query processor. We use this facility to demonstrate a range of on-line distributed diagnosis tools that range from simple, local state assertions to sophisticated global property detectors on consistent snapshots. These tools are small, simple, and can be deployed piecemeal on-line at any point during a system's life cycle. Our evaluation suggests that the overhead of our approach to improving and monitoring running distributed systems continuously is well in tune with its benefits.
Short Bowel Syndrome

Children with SBS have a high morbidity and mortality rate despite improvements in both enteral and parenteral nutrition. Improved medical treatment must sometimes be combined with surgical procedures including intestinal lengthening and transplantation, thereby improving the status of these children.
Protecting job seekers from identity theft

In search of a job after graduating from college, Meg Kemp posts her resume online. Norton Steuben, a retired law professor, hasn't looked for employment in more than 35 years and rarely uses the Internet, yet his law school maintains his curriculum vita online. Although such activity might seem innocuous, information in both these online resumes initially put Meg and Norton in danger of becoming identity-theft victims. Fortunately, they received some unexpected protection in the form of a computer program called Identity Angel, which this article describes in more detail.
Process integration issues in thin‐film photovoltaics and their impact on future research directions

Thin-film device processing relies heavily on the integration of a variety of materials and a wide array of process steps. These include in some instances, the integration of ‘wet’ (chemical etching) and ‘dry’ (deposition and plasma etching) process steps. As substrates are stepped through the process sequence, there are many surfaces that ultimately become interfaces that can have a dramatic impact on ultimate device performance. However, in thin-film R&D, these issues are not always carefully considered. This can have severe consequences when adapting an R&D-developed process into pilot production, and finally, into manufacturing. In this paper, we explore the impact of process integration issues on the microstructure and device performance for three prominent photovoltaic thin-film technologies (cadmium telluride, copper indium diselenide, and amorphous silicon). We also consider the impact of these concepts on future research directions in thin-film photovoltaics. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The polycation diethylaminoethyl dextran potentiates thermal cell killing

The polycation diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE-dextran) causes marked potentiation of the effects of hyperthermia (45 degrees C) on HA-1 Chinese hamster ovary cells. The effects of the polycation appear to be mediated at the cell surface and are largely reversed by removal of DEAE-dextran with the polyanion dextran sulphate. Maximal potentiation is observed when polycation and heat are given simultaneously. The polycation also inhibits the capping of concanavalin-A acceptors when used singly and is additive with heat in inhibiting capping; reduction in con-A capping may indicate decreased mobility of cell surface glycoproteins. The mechanism of heat potentiation by DEAE-dextran is not fully understood. Effects on surface charge and cytoskeleton-membrane interactions may be involved. However, the polycation appears to have promise, both in probing mechanisms of heat killing and as an adjuvant to heat treatment; potentiation occurs at extremely low DEAE-dextran levels, with considerable potentiation at a concentration of 0.4 microM.
The Structure of Marine Communities Over Time: Colonization and Succession

In the last chapter we were concerned with quantitative diurnal and seasonal changes of major components of marine communities. There is a third kind of change over time, largely in composition of species, that takes place when a new resource such as newly upwelled water or recently cleared rock surface is made available. This is the more or less orderly sequence of replacement of some species by others that occurs during colonization or succession. The concept of succession was developed in terrestrial ecosystems, and its characteristics have been summarized by Odum (1969). Many of the properties usually associated with succession are tautological (Peters, 1976). We will examine the most useful, less tautological properties applicable to marine systems.
Neoliberal academia and a critique from disability studies

This chapter addresses debilitating impacts of neoliberal academia and ways to resist it; and it does so through critical analysis of disability studies. With insights of disability studies, it pushes the conversations not to stop at how oppressed academics are under the neoliberal regime, but to ask what it means to participate in higher education which is traditionally contested for its ablism and saneism. As neoliberalism came to corporatize education, academics’ are evaluated based on financial value of their work and their capacities to fulfill its expectation. Through a concept of hyper-productivity—one of the key characteristics of neoliberal academia—this chapter describes how expectation of neoliberal academia comes to be internalized as desire or a standard to measure one’s value as academics. Using the social model of disability, this chapter untangles how the expectation for hyper-productivity is constructed as well as how such neoliberalization amplifies ableism and sanism in academia. Finally, examples of disability-centered activism organizing are shared to provide ways to improve mainstream education justice movements to be more accessible and inclusive. Significance of collective care is reviewed as a way to sustain academics as they fight for education justice and to actualize democratic ways of living.
Serological factors in systemic lupus erythematosus and their pathogenetic significance.

(1970). Serological factors in systemic lupus erythematosus and their pathogenetic significance. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 639-684.
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Wireless video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was first introduced in 2000 and has become the diagnostic test of choice for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. VCE has also been successfully utilized in patients to diagnose small bowel tumors, Celiac disease, NSAID-induced ulcers, anemia, and Crohn’s disease. Several contraindications exist that preclude the use of VCE in certain patients including those with known small bowel strictures with evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction. The use of VCE in patients with implanted electromechanical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, is not an absolute contraindication. The newer PillCam® COLON holds a very promising future to diagnose large bowel pathology. The indications, contraindications, and limitations of VCE are discussed in detail here.
9.8 Receiver with integrated magnetic-free N-path-filter-based non-reciprocal circulator and baseband self-interference cancellation for full-duplex wireless

Full-duplex (FD) is an emergent wireless communication paradigm where the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) operate at the same time and at the same frequency. The fundamental challenge with FD is the tremendous amount of TX self-interference (SI) at the RX. Low-power applications relax FD system requirements [1], but an FD system with −6dBm transmit power, 10MHz signal bandwidth and 12dB NF budget still requires 86dB of SI suppression to reach the −92dBm noise floor. Recent research has focused on techniques for integrated self-interference cancellation (SIC) in FD receivers [1–3]. Open challenges include achieving the challenging levels of SIC through multi-domain cancellation, and low-loss shared-antenna (ANT) interfaces with high TX-to-RX isolation. Sharedantenna interfaces enable compact form factor, translate easily to MIMO, and ease system design through channel reciprocity.
In-vitro Evaluation of Bioactive Fractions of Blueberry Extract for Phenolic-mediated Inhibition of Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Summary. Blueberry is known to have health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-hyperglycemia effect. In our previous study, blueberry low-molecular weight phenolic compounds were investigated to have potential to prevent type 2 diabetes. To further identify which low molecular weight phenolic compounds were primarily responsible for the observed bioactivity, BAE (Blueberry acetone extract) was fractionated using LH-20 column chromatography with different solvents. For fraction 1, water was eluted then followed by 25 % EtOH (Fraction 2), 50 % EtOH (Fraction 3), 100 % EtOH (Fraction 4) and 70 % Acetone solution (Fraction 5). Total phenolic contents of all samples were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu’s assay. Fraction 2 had the highest total phenolic content while Fractions 4 contained the lowest total phenolic content. In rat α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, anti-hyperglycemia effect of BAE was dependent on Fraction 1 (BF1) and BF1 was determined as a main bioactive component of BAE. Our findings suggest that blueberry extracts have potential to manage post-prandial hyperglycemia via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes and that this effect most probably due to a simple water soluble phenolic compounds. Industrial Relevance. Blueberries are great sources of various phenolic phytochemicals. Major cites of high-bush blueberry production in USA include California, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oregon, and Washington. More than half of all high-bush blueberries are shipped to the fresh market, to keep pace with the ever-increasing demand. The rest are frozen, pureed, concentrated, canned or dried to be used in a wide range of food products, including yogurt, pastries, muffins, cereals and health bars. Phenolic phytochemicals in blueberry have been reported to have health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer effects. Based on our observations, low molecular weight phenolic compounds in blueberry have anti-hyperglycemic effects. Taking the above into consideration, identification of low molecular weight phenolic compounds in blueberry could potentially lead to develop diverse food products for type-2 diabetes prevention with minimal side effect. Keywords. Blueberry; type 2 diabetes; phenolic phytochemicals; rat α-glucsosidase
Selected Examples of LDRD Projects Supporting Test Ban Treaty Verification and Nonproliferation

The Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the DOE National Laboratories was established to ensure the scientific and technical vitality of these institutions and to enhance the their ability to respond to evolving missions and anticipate national needs. LDRD allows the Laboratory directors to invest a percentage of their total annual budget in cutting-edge research and development projects within their mission areas. We highlight a selected set of LDRD-funded projects, in chronological order, that have helped provide capabilities, people and infrastructure that contributed greatly to our ability to respond to technical challenges in support of test ban treaty verification and nonproliferation.
Threat as Justification of Prejudice

When people feel prejudice toward a group, they can justify their prejudice by perceiving the group as threatening. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that prejudice causes threat perception, ...
Using Prominence and Phrasing Predictions to Improve Weighted Dictionary Pronunciation Models.

Prosody impacts the pronunciation of lexical items in a number of ways. Accented syllables tend to be pronounced with their canonical (dictionary) vowel. Deaccented vowels are more likely to be reduced. Coarticulatory influences rarely span intonational phrase boundaries. In this work, we investigate the use of automatically generated prosodic hypotheses to improve a weighted dictionary pronunciation model. We use the phonemically transcribed, Buckeye Corpus for this investigation. We find that predictions of pitch accent and intonational phrase boundaries can be used to lower pronunciation model perplexity.
Determination of Trace Water Content in Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial and economic importance; however, the varied and complex matrixes make the analyses difficult. These samples tend to have low amounts of water and contain many compounds which react with iodine, causing Karl Fischer titration (KFT) to give inaccurate, typically higher, results. A simple, rapid, automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) method which requires modified instrumentation and ionic liquid stationary phases was developed. Measurement of water in 12 petroleum products along with 3 National Institute of Standards and Technology reference materials was performed with the developed method. The range of water found in these samples was ∼12–3300 ppm. This approach appeared to be unaffected by complicated matrixes. The solvent-free nature of the HSGC method also negates the solubility limitations which are common with KFT.
SHIP-1 Differentially Regulates Dense Granule Secretion in Platelets through Its Association with Protein Kinase C δ.

Collagen-induced glycoprotein (GP) VI-mediated and thrombin-induced protease activated receptors (PAR)-mediated activation are important signaling pathways regulating dense granule secretion in platelets. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play a crucial role in platelet secretion and we have previously shown that PKCδ plays a ying-yang role in dense granule release by different agonists (Murugappan et al, J. Biol. Chem. 2004). PKCδ isoform positively regulates PAR-mediated platelet dense granule release, whereas it negatively regulates GPVI-mediated dense granule release. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of such differential regulation by PKCδ downstream of PAR and GPVI pathways. We hypothesize that the differential association of PKCδ with phosphatases downstream of GPVI and PAR receptors differentially regulate dense granule secretion. More specifically, we explored the functional relevance of the interaction of PKCδ with Src homology 2-domain containing Inositol Phosphatases (SHIP), 5′-inositol phosphatases in platelets. In our studies, SHIP-1 was tyrosine phosphorylated by both PARs and GPVI receptors and its phosphorylation followed different activation kinetics. Whereas PAR-mediated SHIP-1 phosphorylation (Y1020) was delayed and occurred as late as 120 seconds, the GPVI-mediated SHIP-1 phosphorylation was rapid, starting as early as 15 seconds and peaked at 60 seconds. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that SHIP-1, and not SHIP-2, associated with PKCδ upon stimulation of platelets with GPVI agonist, convulxin. However, such association did not occur with the PAR agonists. GPVI-mediated SHIP-1 phosphorylation failed to occur in platelets from mice lacking Lyn kinase suggesting a role for Lyn in regulating SHIP-1 phosphorylation. In murine platelets lacking either Lyn or SHIP-1, dense granule secretion was potentiated by convulxin and not by thrombin. We attribute the phosphorylation and association of SHIP-1 with PKCδ to be critical for the regulation of agonist-induced dense granule secretion in platelets. Based on the above results, we conclude that the preferential association of SHIP-1 with PKCδ upon stimulation of GPVI receptor results in the negative regulation of collagen-induced dense granule release in platelets.
Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States.

Ground-level ozone is adverse to human and vegetation health. High ground-level ozone concentrations usually occur over the United States in the summer, often referred to as the ozone season. However, observed monthly mean ozone concentrations in the southeastern United States were higher in October than July in 2010. The October ozone average in 2010 reached that of July in the past three decades (1980–2010). Our analysis shows that this extreme October ozone in 2010 over the Southeast is due in part to a dry and warm weather condition, which enhances photochemical production, air stagnation, and fire emissions. Observational evidence and modeling analysis also indicate that another significant contributor is enhanced emissions of biogenic isoprene, a major ozone precursor, from water-stressed plants under a dry and warm condition. The latter finding is corroborated by recent laboratory and field studies. This climate-induced biogenic control also explains the puzzling fact that the two extremes of high October ozone both occurred in the 2000s when anthropogenic emissions were lower than the 1980s and 1990s, in contrast to the observed decreasing trend of July ozone in the region. The occurrences of a drying and warming fall, projected by climate models, will likely lead to more active photochemistry, enhanced biogenic isoprene and fire emissions, an extension of the ozone season from summer to fall, and an increase of secondary organic aerosols in the Southeast, posing challenges to regional air quality management.
Collaboration protocols for sustainable wind energy distribution networks

Abstract Wind energy has attracted more attentions in recent decades as a green and sustainable electricity generation resource with little or no pollution. Fluctuations in output of wind turbines and their dependency on environmental conditions, however, limit their penetration into power grids. This research proposes a collaboration platform to overcome these challenges by collaboration among communities in the energy distribution network. First, a second order trigonometric regression model is applied to forecast energy demands, and a multiple linear regression model is used to predict energy output of a wind farm. Based on this information, communities in the network can initiate the collaboration process through the proposed platform, which is controlled by two collaboration protocols: Demand and Capacity Sharing Protocol (DCSP) and Best Matching Protocol (BMP). The protocols are applied to optimize communities' profit through matching the communities with excessive capacity with the ones with energy shortage so that they can create a sustainable distribution network. A simulation of three communities with three wind farms is conducted to measure the impact of the platform. The results show the sustainability of the energy network can be achieved by reduced demand loss and holding cost and improved collaborative capacity.
POSTER: Phishing Website Detection with a Multiphase Framework to Find Visual Similarity

Most phishing pages try to convince users that they are legitimate sites by imitating visual signals like logos from the websites they are targeting. Visual similarity detection methods look for these imitations between the screen-shots of the suspect pages and an image database of the most targeted websites. Existing approaches, however, are either too slow for real-time use or not robust to manipulation. In this work, we design a multi-phase framework for visual similarity detection. The first phase of the framework should rule out the bulk of websites quickly, but without introducing false negatives and with resistance to attacker manipulations. Later phases can use more heavyweight operations to decide whether or not to warn the user about possible phishing. In this abstract, we focus on the first phase. In experiments, our proposed method rules out more than half of the test cases with zero false negatives with less than 5 ms of processing time per page.
Evacuation Modeling and Betweenness Centrality

In this chapter, we consider the problem of efficiently evacuating all people in an urban area from danger zones to safe zones. This problem, which has attracted major scientific interest and has been well-studied in literature, is indeed large-scale, and as such difficult to solve. In this work, we propose a solution method based on an islanding scheme. This decomposition approach takes into consideration the betweenness of a set of nodes in the transportation network, and aims to obtain clusters from those nodes that can be easily solved: the idea is to divide the flow more evenly towards multiple paths to safety, leading to a more robust evacuation process. We portray our results on several synthetic and real-life transportation networks. More importantly, we use a very large-scale network representation of the city of Jacksonville, Florida, in the USA to show that our approaches solve the problem, a feat that proved impossible for commercial solvers. We conclude this study with our observations and plans for future work.
Regression of methotrexate-resistant AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma with lenalidomide plus combination anti-retroviral therapy.

A 33-year-old woman with a 2-year history of documented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented to the emergency room at San Francisco General Hospital with a new-onset seizure disor...
Biomarkers of Suicide Attempt Behavior: Towards a Biological Model of Risk

The rising suicide rate in the USA will not be reversed without improved risk assessment and prevention practices. To date, the best method for clinicians to assess a patient’s risk for suicide is screening for past suicide attempts in the patient and their family. However, neuroimaging, genomic, and biochemical studies have generated a body of findings that allow description of an initial heuristic biological model for suicidal behavior that may have predictive value. We review studies from the past 3 years examining potential biological predictors of suicide attempt behavior. We divide findings into two major categories: (1) structural and functional brain imaging findings and (2) biochemical and genomic findings encompassing several systems, including major neurotransmitters (serotonin, catecholamines, GABA, and glutamate), the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the inflammasome, lipids, and neuroplasticity. The biomarkers that appear promising for assessing suicide risk in clinical settings include indices of serotonergic function, inflammation, neuronal plasticity, and lipids.
A System Approach - A Redefinition

Abstract System(s) approaches have been with us for some time. They have helped us to understand organizational purpose and the importance of interactions among system parts when designing, developing, and changing. There have been a number of systems models available, and all seem to have at least in common the setting of objectives, the analysis of requirements and the selection of methods and means, recognition of and control of interaction among the system parts, implementation in a systematic manner, formative and summative evaluation, and revision. The models have differed in their assumed (or stated) starting place, with systems models being focused primarily on organizational objectives, while the system models encouraged Needs Assessment external to the organization. Systematic approaches simply require things to be trackable and repeatable, and thus may be a part of what is called a system or systems approach. But confusion among these models reigned, for the words were similar, and only the devoted understood that there might be some real differences underneath the overt semantic squabbling. This article proposes a new definition for a system approach which includes starting the process with external as well as internal needs assessments, and then moves to systematically get from what is to what should be: a two-part system model. This model, then, encompasses all other models: systems and systematic. It promises to be more useful by virtue of its societal linking, but also maintains the discipline and rigor of previous models.
Zukünftige Szenarien in der Versicherungs- wirtschaft unter dem Einfluss von e-business

Die deutsche Versicherungswirtschaft ist einem starken Wandel durch neue Technologien unterlegen. Dieser technologische Wandel fuhrt auch zu neuen, d.h. an die neuen Moglichkeiten angepassten Geschaftsmodellen. Daher geht es beim e-business in erster Linie nicht um Technologien und IT-Systeme, sondern um neue Geschaftsmodelle, neue Verhaltensmuster und neue Antworten. Wer sich mit seiner Informationstechnologie auf diese Anforderungen einstellt und die kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren wie Hardware und Software, sowie fachliche, organisatorische und technologische Kompetenz auf- und ausbaut, wird im Versicherungsmarkt der Zukunft die Nase vorne haben. Von daher ist e-business immer „ Chefsachedie tiber die Unternehmensstrategie getrieben werden muss.
Fusion of carbohydrate binding module to mutant alkaline phosphatase for immobilization on cellulose

Abstract Immobilized alkaline phosphatase (AP) has the potential to be utilized in biotechnology applications including molecular cloning, inhibitor screening, and the production of phosphorylated compounds. Traditional immobilization methods are limited by specificity and reproducibility, and can require multiple steps to modify the support or the enzyme. In this study, a double mutant alkaline phosphatase (D153G/D330N AP*) was expressed with a carbohydrate binding module (CBM 2a) fused to the N- or C-terminal to enable immobilization of the enzyme to cellulose microparticles. The modified enzyme was characterized in both free and immobilized states. Immobilization was achievable with a maximum loading of 0.33 µmole/g of cellulose for the N-tagged enzyme (CBM-AP*) and 0.26 µmole/g of cellulose for the C-tagged enzyme (AP*-CBM). Fusion of the CBM tag to either the N- or C-terminal resulted in catalytically active enzymes, with modification of the C-terminal retaining the highest catalytic efficiency (52%) relative to the unmodified mutant. The immobilized conjugates retained 83.7% and 80% catalytic efficiency for N-terminal and C-terminal tagged AP*, respectively, when compared to their free enzyme counterparts, and could be washed ten times without a significant loss in catalytic activity. These results suggest that immobilized CBM-tagged alkaline phosphatase may be a viable form for the pragmatic utilization of the enzyme in biotechnology applications.
2-D Nanosheets and Rod-Like WO 3 Obtained via Chemical Precipitation Method for Detecting Formaldehyde

In this paper, WO3 nanosheets and rod-like were successfully prepared via chemical precipitation method for efficient sensing of formaldehyde gas at low working temperature. The structure and morphology of the precursors and the calcined products in air were characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD analyses confirmed that the precursors were compound of monoclinic structure WO3 and orthorhombic structure WO3 · 0.33H2O, whereas monoclinic structure WO3 were obtained by calcining at 450 °C for 2 h. Sensors fabricated by calcined WO3 exhibited a quick response (5 s)/recovery (15 s) characteristic. The gas sensing texts showed the response value (Ra/Rg = 16.5) to 100 ppm HCHO at the optimum temperature of 300 °C. The possible oxidation-reduction reaction mechanism of HCHO molecule on the sensor surface were researched and discussed too. WO3 could be a promising sensing materials for detecting organic pollutants.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC LEFT VENTRICULAR GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN MEASUREMENT QUALITY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING CARDIOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPY: EFFECT OF SEGMENTAL STATISTICAL OUTLIERS

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography is sensitive in detecting chemotherapy induced cardiomyopathy, but there is concern for variable results and limited guidance for assessing the quality of GLS studies. We hypothesized that elimination of outlier segments
Development and Testing of a Method for Validating Chemical Inactivation of Ebola Virus

Complete inactivation of infectious Ebola virus (EBOV) is required before a sample may be removed from a Biosafety Level 4 laboratory. The United States Federal Select Agent Program regulations require that procedures used to demonstrate chemical inactivation must be validated in-house to confirm complete inactivation. The objective of this study was to develop a method for validating chemical inactivation of EBOV and then demonstrate the effectiveness of several commonly-used inactivation methods. Samples containing infectious EBOV (Zaire ebolavirus) in different matrices were treated, and the sample was diluted to limit the cytopathic effect of the inactivant. The presence of infectious virus was determined by assessing the cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells. Crucially, this method did not result in a loss of infectivity in control samples, and we were able to detect less than five infectious units of EBOV (Zaire ebolavirus). We found that TRIzol LS reagent and RNA-Bee inactivated EBOV in serum; TRIzol LS reagent inactivated EBOV in clarified cell culture media; TRIzol reagent inactivated EBOV in tissue and infected Vero E6 cells; 10% neutral buffered formalin inactivated EBOV in tissue; and osmium tetroxide vapors inactivated EBOV on transmission electron microscopy grids. The methods described herein are easily performed and can be adapted to validate inactivation of viruses in various matrices and by various chemical methods.
ADP AND Pi CONTROL IN ASCITES TUMOR CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the discovery of the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides upon addition of ADP to isolated mitochondria and on the stimulation of excised sartorius muscle. This has made available a direct nondestructive assay for metabolite transitions, which involve changes in the concentration of this critical control substance. Control phenomena in sequential enzymes are of general interest, and control mechanisms in ascites tumor cells afford unusual experimental material for the demonstration of metabolic control principles. In an experiment described in the chapter, a detailed kinetic analysis of the changes of nucleotides accompanying the activation of respiration on adding glucose to an aerobic suspension of ascites tumor cells was indicated. Phosphate control following the addition of glucose to iodoacetate inhibited cells, or to 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) to uninhibited cells, could be observed, although the relationships of ATP and ADP were obscured by the loss of nucleotides about a minute after adding 2-DOG. In suspensions of ascites tumor cells, mitochondrial regulation of the intracellular ADP level allows stimulation of respiration by glucose.
Substituent Effects on the Thermochemistry and Electrochemistry of Free Radicals

The role of substituent effects in free radical and carbene chemistry was investigated using a variety of techniques including e.s.r. spectroscopy, measurement of appearance energies, electrochemistry and kinetics. The thermodynamic data obtained in some of these experiments were used to probe the magnitude of substituent effects and their impact on group additivity methods. Electrochemical experiments showed that the removal of an electron from a substituent had a profound effect on the strengths of the neighbouring C-H bonds. Finally, examples drawn from carbene chemistry showed that sterically crowded substituents could be used to induce major electronic changes in these molecules.
Ureteral Disorders in Children

Children with vesicoureteral reflux usually present with a urinary tract infection (UTI), although some cases are diagnosed during the evaluation of prenatally detected hydronephrosis. Approximately 25% of children with a UTI will be found to have reflux. Ultrasound is normal in 75% of children with reflux, and so children with a significant UTI are evaluated with a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Reflux is graded based on the appearance of the VCUG:
Towards adaptive spiking label propagation

Graph algorithms are a new class of applications for neuromorphic hardware. Rather than adapting deep learning and standard neural network approaches to a low-precision spiking environment, we use spiking neurons to analyze undirected graphs (e.g., the underlying modular structure). While fully connected spin glass implementations of spiking label propagation have shown promising results on graphs with dense communities, identifying sparse communities remains difficult. This work focuses on steps towards an adaptive spike-based implementations of label propagation, utilizing sparse embeddings and synaptic plasticity. Sparser embeddings reduce the number of inhibitory connections, and synaptic plasticity is used to simultaneously amplify spike responses between neurons in the same community, while impeding spike responses across different communities. We present results on identifying communities in sparse graphs with very small communities.