cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetically coupled resonators for rate integrating gyroscopes

This work demonstrates for the first time the use of magnetic field to couple mechanical resonators that can be separated by long distances (8mm in this work) compared to coulombic/electrostatic coupling (~ 1 nm – 1 μm depending on the surface charge density or E-field). The resonators were composed of electroplated copper cantilevers with proof-mass resulting in 1 kHz resonant frequency when uncoupled. The coupling magnetic field was produced by 1 mT rare earth magnets mounted on the resonators. Electrostatic actuation and sensing was used to excite and sense the collective motion of the coupled resonators. The radial motion of the resonators in the presence of an in-plane rotation gives rise to the Coriolis force. Thus, the rotation changes the rate of energy exchange between the coupled resonators enabling rate integrating gyros. Keywords—MEMS; magnetic coupling;
Optical Detection of Buried Explosive Hazards A Longitudinal Comparison of Three Types of Imagery

Visual detection of soil disturbances is an effective, but imperfect method for detecting buried explosive threats such as landmines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Building upon prior studies of optical detection, this study uses signal detection methods to measure observer sensitivity to images of soil disturbances asking “How detectable are disturbed soil signatures recorded in visible (VIS), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands?” “How effective is each band for detection?” and “How is signature salience in each band effected by extended exposure in the natural environment?” Young adults viewed photos showing either soil disturbed by landmine burial or adjacent undisturbed surfaces and made yes/no decisions about the presence of a disturbance. Stimuli spanned a six-week time period over which VIS, SWIR, and TIR images were collected. Results show that (a) substantial signal strength lasts over the six-week period, (b) generally, SWIR and VIS show consistently strong per...
Field bioassay ofexo- andendo-brevicomin withDendroctonus ponderosae in lodgepole pine.

Bothexo- andendo-brevicomin reduced the response of flyingDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to an attractant composed oftrans-verbenol and terpenes or oftrans- andcis-verbenol and terpenes in a stand ofPinus contorta var.murrayana. These data suggest that racemicexo- andendo-brevicomin may interrupt aggregation in populations of mountain pine beetle colonizing lodgepole pine; functions of the natural chiral compounds are unknown.
Integrating XBRL data with textual information in Chinese: A semantic web approach

Abstract Due to formatting differences, the difficulties of processing the textual disclosures and integrating them with quantitative financial data are well documented in the literature. Using a design science methodology, this paper describes a method that automatically extracts relevant textual data from annual reports published in Chinese. These extracted words are then mapped to a knowledge framework we proposed. This paper shows that it is technologically feasible to reorganize the MD&A contents into any given knowledge structure to improve the search capability, readability, and cohesiveness of the MD&A contents. Finally, we demonstrate a prototype system that uses semantic web technology to achieve information integration that presents XBRL formatted accounting data with relevant textual disclosures together to assist user decision making.
A low-cost, tablet-based option for prehospital neurologic assessment: The iTREAT Study.

Objectives: In this 2-center study, we assessed the technical feasibility and reliability of a low cost, tablet-based mobile telestroke option for ambulance transport and hypothesized that the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) could be performed with similar reliability between remote and bedside examinations. Methods: We piloted our mobile telemedicine system in 2 geographic regions, central Virginia and the San Francisco Bay Area, utilizing commercial cellular networks for videoconferencing transmission. Standardized patients portrayed scripted stroke scenarios during ambulance transport and were evaluated by independent raters comparing bedside to remote mobile telestroke assessments. We used a mixed-effects regression model to determine intraclass correlation of the NIHSS between bedside and remote examinations (95% confidence interval). Results: We conducted 27 ambulance runs at both sites and successfully completed the NIHSS for all prehospital assessments without prohibitive technical interruption. The mean difference between bedside (face-to-face) and remote (video) NIHSS scores was 0.25 (1.00 to −0.50). Overall, correlation of the NIHSS between bedside and mobile telestroke assessments was 0.96 (0.92–0.98). In the mixed-effects regression model, there were no statistically significant differences accounting for method of evaluation or differences between sites. Conclusions: Utilizing a low-cost, tablet-based platform and commercial cellular networks, we can reliably perform prehospital neurologic assessments in both rural and urban settings. Further research is needed to establish the reliability and validity of prehospital mobile telestroke assessment in live patients presenting with acute neurologic symptoms.
Quality assessment in worksite health promotion.

The rapid expansion of worksite health promotion programs and the proliferation of service providers have resulted in increased concern about the quality of such programs. And while employers may view health promotion programs as a service to be purchased, in general, quality standards, price, and outcomes are less well established for primary prevention programs than for other medical services. This trend creates substantial potential for inappropriate expenditures, undermining the general credibility of such programs. Recognizing the limits of epidemiologic data and the potential for misuse of health promotion activities in the workplace, the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) undertook the development of guidelines for employers’ use in assessing the quality of the numerous employee health promotion or chronic disease risk reduction programs available to them. To make the use of such programs as productive as possible, the CDHS developed recommendations in two main areas: (1) general recommendations for six fundamental program planning and development activities that underlie sound health promotion programs, and (2) specific criteria for seven types of health promotion programs commonly implemented in work settings. Optimally, worksite-based health promotion programs should be part of a comprehensive effort that provides for appropriate medical oversight, referral, and follow-up procedures. These programs should be complemented by appropriate changes in the work environment and in organizational policies. Programs should also include strategies to assist employees in initiating healthier behaviors and maintaining the new behaviors once they are established. Preventive medicine and occupational medicine practitioners and medical directors should be familiar with the issues addressed by these recommendations.
Children, the Great Recession and Shifting Calculi of Risk

Neoliberalism is a logic of government that emphasizes the values of personal responsibility and ownership in a context of market deregulation and privatization. Neoliberalism represents and transforms social relations using market-based financial frameworks and problem-solution frames. Neoliberalism seeks to collapse society into an aggregate of enterprising, financially calculable and calculating, risk-assuming individuals.
Laparoscopic intestinal injury: a review and case presentation.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of laparoscopic primary trocar small-intestine injury is unknown. The case presented here differed from a typical clinical course in that only excessive periumbilical fluid leak was present postoperatively. Neither classic symptoms nor signs were present to justify laparoscopic trocar small-bowel perforations. CASE: A 42-year-old woman (G2 P1011, height 5'4", weight 132 lb) underwent elective, diagnostic, and operative laparoscopy with a lysis of extensive abdominal-pelvic adhesions for chronic pelvic pain. Preoperatively, the patient was classified as being at increased risk for intestinal laceration or perforation at the time of Veress needle or primary trocar insertion due to her surgical history. For this reason, mechanical bowel preparation with GoLYTELY was carried out. No intraoperative complications were noticed. After surgery, external, excessive fluid leak from the periumbilical incision only was observed (the three 5-mm incisions, in the lower part of the abdomen, were dry). Initially, this event was interpreted as residual irrigation fluid leakage. The patient was closely monitored for bowel injury, and neither medical condition nor laboratory tests changed from base within the initial 48 h, although excessive fluid drainage from periumbilical area was persistent. Enough time elapsed from laparoscopic surgery for CO2 and irrigation-fluid absorption; therefore, additional studies were ordered (an abdominal upright x-ray was inconclusive for viscous perforation and gastrointestinal x-ray with a water-soluble contrast medium documented small-intestine perforation). Exploratory laparotomy with partial bowel resection was executed. Postoperative clinical course was uneventful, and no long-term sequel was observed. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Persistent excessive external fluid leak from the periumbilical area after laparoscopic surgery with no drainage from other incisional sides may suggest small-bowel injury. 2) latrogenic, internal-external canalization between the small intestine and the skin masked clinical symptoms and signs of small-intestinal injury. 3) Lack of classic symptoms, signs, or changes in pertinent laboratory data did not rule out small-bowel perforation.
Signatures and Background

Models for radiation transport in simple geometries are developed, with an emphasis on self-shielding and distributed sources. Three mechanisms for gamma ray attenuation—photoelectric, Compton, and pair production, are described. Some end-to-end calculations are shown for the estimated count rates with realistic sources and detectors. The impact of background radiation in potentially masking a source from detection is explored. Radiation background sources in the ground and air are described, with particular emphasis on the uranium and thorium decay chains, with tables of the characteristic gamma-ray lines given. Cosmogenic radiation is also explored, along with neutron backgrounds. Next, the impact of naturally occuring radioactive material (NORM) and technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) are discussed.
Problemspezifikation und Lösungskonzept

Trotz der Tatsache, dass in Zukunft grose Mengen Photovoltaikaltmodule zur Verfugung stehen werden und deren Verwertung im Rahmen der WEEE („waste electrical and electronic equipment“)‐Richtlinie (Europaisches Parlament, Rat der europaischen Union, 2012) gefordert ist (Tabelle 2), fehlt bisher ein umfassender Ansatz zur Vorhersage der auftretenden Menge. Ein solcher Ansatz bildet wiederum die Grundlage fur die Beantwortung der Frage, wie ein effizientes Kreislaufwirtschaftssystem fur Photovoltaikanlagen zu gestalten ist.
Classification of Patients Using Novel Multivariate Time Series Representations of Physiological Data

In this paper we present two novel multivariate time series representations to classify physiological data of different lengths. The representations may be applied to any group of multivariate time series data that examine the state or health of an entity. Multivariate Bag-of-Patterns and Stacked Bags of-Patterns improve on their univariate counterpart, inspired by the bag-of-words model, by using multiple time series and analyzing the data in a multivariate fashion. We also borrow techniques from the natural language processing domain such as term frequency and inverse document frequency to improve classification accuracy. We introduce a technique named inverse frequency and present experimental results on classifying patients who have experienced acute episodes of hypotension.
Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Alcohol-Induced Cerebral Artery Constriction.

Background. Age has been recognized as an important contributor into susceptibility to alcohol-driven pathology. Purpose. We aimed at determining whether alcohol-induced constriction of cerebral arteries was age-dependent. Study design. We used rat middle cerebral artery (MCA) in vitro diameter monitoring, patch-clamping and fluorescence labeling of myocytes to study an age-dependent increase in the susceptibility to alcohol in 3 (50 g), 8 (250 g), and 15 (440 g) weeks-old rats. Results. An age-dependent increase in alcohol-induced constriction of MCA could be observed in absence of endothelium, which is paralleled by an age-dependent increase in both protein level of the calcium-/voltage-gated potassium channel of large conductance (BK) accessory β1 subunit and basal BK channel activity. Ethanol-induced BK channel inhibition is increased with age. Conclusions. We demonstrate an increased susceptibility of MCA to ethanol-induced constriction in a period equivalent to adolescence and early adulthood when compared to pre-adolescence. Our work suggests that BK β1 constitutes a significant contributor to age-dependent changes in the susceptibility of cerebral arteries to ethanol.
Automated Knowledge Annotation for Dynamic Collaborative Environments

This paper describes the Knowledge Encapsulation Framework (KEF), a suite of tools to enable automated knowledge annotation for modeling and simulation projects. This framework can be used to capture evidence (e.g., facts extracted from journal articles and government reports), discover new evidence (from similar peer-reviewed material as well as social media), enable discussions surrounding domain-specific topics and provide automatically generated semantic annotations for improved corpus investigation. The current KEF implementation is presented within a wiki environment, providing a simple but powerful collaborative space for team members to review, annotate, discuss and align evidence with their modeling frameworks.
Jean Baker Miller, MD, Visionary Pragmatist

ABSTRACTJean Baker Miller’s 1976 book, Toward a New Psychology of Women, was an overnight success. It struck a deep chord in many women because it was based on listening to women’s stories. Instead of seeing women through the lens of male psychology with its emphasis on separation and autonomy, Jean suggested that relationships are central to women’s experience of themselves and the world. Traits that were typically pathologized (needing other people, attending to the messages of emotions, wanting to participate in growth fostering relationships for all involved) were revisited by Jean and her colleagues who discovered strengths where others had seen weakness. The resulting work is known as Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT) and has offered new understandings of women’s and men’s development with a special emphasis on the impact of power and marginalization on personal and collective wellbeing. Jean’s work is carried forward by members of a collaborative group with whom Jean worked for many years. RCT theor...
Density-based clustering analyses to identify heterogeneous cellular sub-populations

Autofluorescence microscopy of NAD(P)H and FAD provides functional metabolic measurements at the single-cell level. Here, density-based clustering algorithms were applied to metabolic autofluorescence measurements to identify cell-level heterogeneity in tumor cell cultures. The performance of the density-based clustering algorithm, DENCLUE, was tested in samples with known heterogeneity (co-cultures of breast carcinoma lines). DENCLUE was found to better represent the distribution of cell clusters compared to Gaussian mixture modeling. Overall, DENCLUE is a promising approach to quantify cell-level heterogeneity, and could be used to understand single cell population dynamics in cancer progression and treatment.
Development of the MIT ASR system for the 2016 Arabic Multi-genre Broadcast Challenge

The Arabic language, with over 300 million speakers, has significant diversity and breadth. This proves challenging when building an automated system to understand what is said. This paper describes an Arabic Automatic Speech Recognition system developed on a 1,200 hour speech corpus that was made available for the 2016 Arabic Multi-genre Broadcast (MGB) Challenge. A range of Deep Neural Network (DNN) topologies were modeled including; Feed-forward, Convolutional, Time-Delay, Recurrent Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Highway LSTM (H-LSTM), and Grid LSTM (GLSTM). The best performance came from a sequence discriminatively trained G-LSTM neural network. The best overall Word Error Rate (WER) was 18.3% (p < 0:001) on the development set, after combining hypotheses of 3 and 5 layer sequence discriminatively trained G-LSTM models that had been rescored with a 4-gram language model.
Are Associations Between “Sexist” Video Games and Decreased Empathy Toward Women Robust? A Reanalysis of Gabbiadini et al. 2016

Gabbiadini, A., Riva, P., Andrighetto, L., Volpato, C., & Bushman, B, (PloS ONE, 2016) provided evidence for a connection between “sexist” video games and decreased empathy toward girls using an experimental paradigm. These claims are based on a moderated mediation model. They reported a three-way interaction between game condition, gender, and avatar identification when predicting masculine ideology in their original study. Masculine ideology was associated, in turn, with decreased empathy. However, there were no main experimental effects for video game condition on empathy. The current analysis considers the strength of the evidence for claims made in the original study on a sample of 153 adolescents (M age = 16.812, SD = 1.241; 44.2% male). We confirmed that there was little evidence for an overall effect of game condition on empathy toward girls or women. We tested the robustness of the original reported moderated mediation models against other, theoretically derived alternatives, and found that effects differed based on how variables were measured (using alternatives in their public data file) and the statistical model used. The experimental groups differed significantly and substantially in terms of age suggesting that there might have been issues with the procedures used to randomly assign participants to conditions. These results highlight the need for preregistration of experimental protocols in video game research and raise some concerns about how moderated mediation models are used to support causal inferences. These results call into question whether use of “sexist” video games is a causal factor in the development of reduced empathy toward girls and women among adolescents.
Pre-Hispanic Interregional Interaction in Southern Mexico

Ethnohistoric accounts document Late Postclassic interrelationships between the Pacific coast and highland valleys of Oaxaca. These highland—lowland interactions, which involved both trade and warfare, apparently were mediated by the inhabitants of the southernmost extensions of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca (see Figure 1), most notably the pre-Hispanic residents of the Miahuatlan Valley (Ball and Brockington 1978; Paso y Troncoso 1905). Although a peripheral part of the Central Oaxaca Valleys, Miahuatlan was in a strategic position for pre-Hispanic travel (Brockington 1973) and served as a port of trade by the Late Postclassic period (Ball and Brockington 1978). Cotton was a principal element in the highland—lowland network, traded largely from such coastal areas as Tututepec and Tehuantepec to highland towns where the cotton was made into finished textiles (Ball and Brockington 1978). The town of Miahuatlan may have supplied the Valley of Oaxaca with lowland products and goods through Cuilapan, a close trading partner (Ball and Brockington 1978). The exchange of people also is mentioned, both in colonial documents that describe Miahuatlan as a pre-Hispanic slave market (Paso y Troncoso 1905), and in records of royal marriages (Caso 1949).
They really love me!: Intimacy in Volunteer Tourism

Abstract Broadly defined as an activity in which people pay to volunteer in development or conservation projects, voluntourism is one of the fastest growing alternative tourism markets in the world. Based on nine months of ethnographic fieldwork among three non-governmental organizations in northern Thailand, this article suggests that intimacy overwhelmingly mediates the voluntourism experience for most participants. It argues that this focus on intimacy overshadows the structural inequalities on which the encounter is based, reframes the question of structural inequality as a question of individual morality and perpetuates an apolitical cultural politics of volunteer tourism. Despite these critiques, this article suggests that voluntourism can serve as a platform from which to gain support for broader social justice agendas.
Animal ethics: Probing the philosophical issues

Abstract A selective summary and overview of the last 40 years of work on animals from academic philosophers is presented through a framework that organizes this work into four categories. Work in the philosophy of mind emphasizes the nature of consciousness and the qualitative texture of nonhumans’ mentality or subjective experience. It does this without particular interest in or attention to ethics. Mainstream animal ethics continues to be shaped by the animal welfare/animal rights dichotomy that took shape in the 1970s. Contractualist ethical theories are as influential as rights and welfare views, but their implications for nonhumans are less clear. Finally, some philosophers work from “nonideal” or problem-based approaches to ethics that represent a fourth school of thought.
Minimizing energy costs of commercial buildings by integrating demand side and supply side strategies

Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning dominates the overall energy bill of commercial buildings. Additionally, developing countries with poor grid reliability experience recurrent power outages leading to the use of diesel generators that further increase these costs. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic approach that combines demand and supply side strategies to reduce the overall energy costs. Results from the algorithm are compared against an existing optimization framework to demonstrate its efficacy. The algorithm achieves near optimal solutions in about three orders of magnitude less time than the optimization framework. Simulations demonstrate an average savings of 20% relative to the baseline operational practices for commercial buildings such as cell towers.
Hepatitis C: Natural History

Overall, HIV infection has a detrimental effect on the natural history of HCV disease; HIV–infected patients are less likely to clear hepatitis C viremia following acute infection, have higher HCV RNA loads, and experience more rapid progression of HCV-related liver disease than those without HIV infection [1–4].
Biopower: Reflections on the Rise of Molecular Biology

Since the 1930s the rise of molecular biology has been intimately connected with the rise of Rockefeller-inspired “biopower”, the visionary program developed by Warren Weaver that aimed to promote research and application of the life sciences, including psychology, to the aims of social control. For Weaver, a physicist, control of nature meant understanding processes at the most fundamental level of organization — atoms and molecules — leading to the greater power of prediction that such understanding would give. Inspired also by the Comtean view of the unity of the sciences, Weaver sought to make biology molecular by funding the disparate areas of genetics and biochemistry. This paper focuses on the “trading zone” between these two fields, and cryptanalysis (decoding practices) developed during World War II, to trace the evolving models and metaphors of gene structure (protein or nucleic acid) and function (information transfer) between 1930 and 1965. Such models led eventually to cracking the genetic code by Marshal Nirenberg and Heinrich Mattei in 1961.
Impact of Biomarker Qualification Regulatory Processes on the Critical Path for Drug Development

Abstract A broad range of perspectives in this book describe how a complex regulatory process for biomarker qualification has been developed at regulatory agencies over the past decade. This process has now been used by the pharmaceutical industry for the past few years, and we can now take stock of its impact on pharmaceutical product development, and ask some questions about what the process has achieved. This chapter considers whether the Food and Drug Administration process met the goals originally proposed by the Pharmacogenomics Guidance and the Critical Path Opportunities List and Report. It also looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the different versions of biomarker qualification processes developed in each ICH region, how well the different versions of these processes have been harmonized across these regions, the opportunities and challenges for a single, universal, biomarker qualification process and ways in which metrics can be used to measure the impact of these processes on drug development and their acceptance by the pharmaceutical industry.
Civilians and Armed Conflict

We tend to view concern with the protection of civilians as a relatively recent development within the Security Council: a product of the late 20th century genocides and ethnic cleansing campaigns in Rwanda and the Balkans. But while it is indeed true that the Council’s first thematic resolution directly addressing "protection of civilians" was not passed until 1999 — and also true, unfortunately, that Security Council civilian protection efforts have yet to move beyond the sporadic and inconsistent — the Council has always concerned itself with civilian protection. Indeed, the history of the Security Council itself (as well as the history of the United Nations as a whole) is in many ways inextricably interwoven with concerns about the protection of civilians during armed conflicts.
Some Fundamental Concepts from Analysis

Starting with this chapter it will be assumed that the reader is familiar with measure theory and something more than the basics of functional analysis. This particular chapter is an eclectic potpourri of results in analysis. Some topics fall into the category of background material and some can be labeled as material every budding analyst should know. Some of these subjects may be familiar to the reader, but we will usually proceed as though the material is new to all.
Direct Transfer of a Mycoplasma mycoides Genome to Yeast Is Enhanced by Removal of the Mycoides Glycerol Uptake Factor Gene glpF.

We previously discovered that intact bacterial chromosomes can be directly transferred to a yeast host cell where they can propagate as centromeric plasmids by fusing bacterial cells with Saccharomyces cerevisiae spheroplasts. Inside the host any desired number of genetic changes can be introduced into the yeast centromeric plasmid to produce designer genomes that can be brought to life using a genome transplantation protocol. Earlier research demonstrated that the removal of restriction-systems from donor bacteria, such as Mycoplasma mycoides, Mycoplasma capricolum, or Haemophilus influenzae increased successful genome transfers. These findings suggested that other genetic factors might also impact the bacteria-to-yeast genome transfer process. In this study, we demonstrated that the removal of a particular genetic factor, the glycerol uptake facilitator protein gene glpF from M. mycoides, significantly increased direct genome transfer by up to 21-fold. Additionally, we showed that intact bacterial cells...
Energy, amino acid, and phosphorus digestibility and energy prediction of thermally processed food waste sources for swine

Recycling energy and nutrients from food waste into animal feed decreases the environmental impact of food animal production. However, recycling energy and nutrients from various food waste sources into swine feeding programs is constrained by the high variability and lack of data on the digestibility of energy and nutrients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the digestibility of energy, amino acids, and phosphorus in thermally dried food waste sources fed to growing pigs and to compare in vivo determined digestibility values with those obtained from in vitro digestibility procedures and published prediction equations to determine the accuracy of using these nutritional evaluation methods. Pigs (n = 36; initial body weight = 16.37 ± 1.9 kg) were utilized to determine digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content, as well as standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in three sources of dehydrated food waste in three separate trials. Initial body weight of pigs at the beginning of each digestibility trial was used as the blocking factor in a randomized complete block design. Diets were formulated to contain 30% food waste derived from fish waste (FW), supermarket waste (containing bakery, fruits and vegetables, meat, and deli foods from a single supermarket; SMW), and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The DE and ME content of FW (DE = 5,057 kcal/kg; ME = 4,820 kcal/kg) and SMW (DE = 5,071 kcal/kg; ME = 4,922 kcal/kg) were not different (P > 0.05), whereas FVW had the least (P < 0.05) DE (2,570 kcal/kg) and ME (2,460 kcal/kg) content compared with FW and SMW. Digestibility of crude protein and amino acids was greater (P < 0.05) in FW and SMW compared with FVW. The in vitro digestibility procedure can be used to approximate the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy in SMW, FW, and FVW compared with in vivo estimates, but significant error exists depending on the chemical characteristics of each food waste source. However, use of the prediction equations and digestibility data obtained from the in vitro procedure resulted in high accuracy in estimating DE content of FW (observed = 5,058 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted = 4,948 kcal/kg DM), SMW (observed = 5,071 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 4,978 kcal/kg DM), and FVW (observed = 2,570 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 2,814 kcal/kg DM) sources.
In Vivo Cell Conversion as a New Cell Therapy

Cells are fundamental functioning units of the human body. Every day there are hundreds and thousands of cells die or are replaced in human beings. Some organs such as the skin and liver have highly effective self-repair mechanisms to replenish the lost cells with local progenitor cells, but other organs such as the brain and spinal cord do not have much self-repair capability, particularly in the adult stage. Classically, cell therapy is meant to supply new cells to the organ by transplanting external cells, typically stem cells that can be expanded in in vitro cultures. The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented cell source that can be derived directly from patients for tissue repair. In this review, we summarize a new technology called “in vivo cell conversion” that makes use of endogenous cells to trans-differentiate into another type of cells to replenish the lost cells caused by injury or diseases. The advantage of in vivo cell conversion is to relieve the burden of in vitro cell culture that is often difficult to control in terms of batch-to-batch variation and the risk of immunorejection after transplantation. In vivo cell conversion has been successfully achieved in the brain, spinal cord, retina, heart, liver, and pancreas. With the advent of sequencing technology that can decode the transcription factors critical for cell fate determination, it is in theory possible to convert any cells into their neighboring cells in vivo, with a right combination of transcription factors. Because it is using patients’ own internal cells as the resource for tissue repair, we predict that in vivo cell conversion will be the next-generation cell therapy for regenerative medicine.
Higher energy requirement during weight-loss maintenance on a low- versus high-carbohydrate diet: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled feeding study

ABSTRACT Background Longer-term feeding studies suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly-labeled water, has been questioned. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet. Methods The study reports secondary outcomes and exploratory analyses from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure. After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults with pre-weight-loss BMI of ≥25 were randomly assigned to Test diets containing Low (20%), Moderate (40%) or High (60%) carbohydrate for 20 weeks. Calorie content of Test diets was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within 2 kg of the post-weight-loss value. In analyses by Intention-to-Treat (ITT, study completers, n=148) and Per Protocol (PP, those achieving the weight-loss maintenance target, n=110), we compared estimated energy requirement from 10 to 20 weeks on the Test diets using ANCOVA. Insulin secretion was assessed pre-weight-loss as insulin concentration 30 minutes following 75 grams oral glucose (Insulin-30). Results Estimated energy requirement was higher in the Low vs High group by models involving ITT (ranging from 181 [CI 8–353] to 223 [40–406] kcal/d; P≤0.04) and PP (ranging from 245 [43–446] to 295 [91–499] kcal/d; P≤0.02). This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible non-adherence. In observational analyses, pre-weight loss Insulin-30 predicted adverse change in body composition following weight loss. Conclusions Energy requirement was higher on a low-versus high-carbohydrate diet during weight-loss maintenance, commensurate with total energy expenditure. These data are consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the doubly-labeled water method with diets varying in macronutrient composition.
The Planning Software Behind the Bright Spots on Ceres: The Challenges and Successes of Science Opportunity Analyzer

The Science Opportunity Analyzer software, or SOA, was developed with one goal in mind: to increase the productivity of science planning teams by streamlining the observation design process. Due to effective software development practices, conscious resource management, and above all, adroit assessment and fulfillment of user needs, SOA has proven instrumental to the scientific successes of NASA's Dawn mission, which include elucidating the nature of Ceres and its spectacular bright spots. We present a retrospective on the challenges experienced while developing SOA, how they were overcome, and how SOA became a more compelling tool for flight projects after its use and maintenance within Dawn.
Development of a Meniscal Ossicle After a Meniscal Root Repair Augmented with Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate: A Case Report.

Case A 17-year-old boy had persistent knee pain 1 year after medial meniscal root repair augmented with bone marrow aspirate concentrate injection. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intrameniscal ossicle which was not present on MRI performed before 6 months. He underwent arthroscopic excision of the meniscal ossicle. At the 7-month follow-up, he had complete relief of his pain. Conclusions It is possible that the meniscal ossicle developed because of osteoinductive cells and cytokines from the injected bone marrow or the drill hole for root repair and should be considered as a possible complication of this procedure.
The relative efficacy of high‐dose buspirone and alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorder: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study

The associations between a mother's rigidity, her sensitivity in early (3 month) interaction and the quality of her premature infant's attachment at 13 months were investigated. Rigidity as a personality characteristic was not found to be significantly associated with sensitivity or quality of attachment. Rigid attitudes to child rearing were related to sensitivity and to the responsivity of the infant. Rigid attitudes were not related to security of attachment. Infants who were rated less responsive at 3 months, however, tended to be less securely attached, and high Attitude Rigidity in the mother increased their chances of an insecure attachment.
NORADRENERGIC MEDIATION OF TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD AUTODESTRUCTION1,2

Acute spinal injury initiates hemorrhagic necrosis (HN), a novel tissue destructive process, within traumatized cord tissues. HN assures permanent paralysis within 24 hours by locally destroying the injured cord. It results from microvascular failure and subsequent lethal tissue hypoxia. Norepinephrine (NE) a normal spinal cord transmitter material rapidly increases (four to tenfold) at the injury site. This vasoactive substance has been implicated in post wounding vascular stasis and permanent spinal paralysis because: 1. Direct spinal NE injections reproduce histological HN. 2. Phenoxybenzamine (alpha receptor blockade) pretreatment significantly diminishes traumatic lesion size. 3. NE synthesis inhibition by alpha methyl tyrosine (acts upon tyrosine hydroxylase), alpha methyl dopa (acts upon L dopa decarboxylase) and FLA-63 (acts upon dopamine beta hydroxylase) all variously protect the wounded cord against HN traumatic lesions. 4. Reserpine (NE depletion) provides significant tissue protection. This drug restores some useful spinal function after severe experimental injuries which consistently paralyze untreated animals. NE bulbospinal fibers are modulated, as determined by tissue lesion size, by two other neural systems. 1. Facilitation occurs from afferent dorsal root-posterior spinal column fibers (non-catecholamine) because prior surgical interruptions significantly diminish traumatic lesions. 2. Inhibition by dopaminergic (DA) fibers was detected by: a. Cord protection with apomorphine DA receptor stimulation. b. Aggravation of traumatic lesions by Pimozide DA receptor blockade. Although these studies are early and incomplete, there is convincing evidence for NE post wounding involvement. As this system is better understood we believe treatments will be developed for spinal injured man.
Real Estate Transactions, the Internet and Personal Jurisdiction

The World Wide Web and the Internet are beginning to exert enormous influence on how real estate transactions are conducted. Real estate professionals are now subject to new challenges and opportun...
A Modified Least-Squares Mismatched Filter for Use in Radar Applications with Additive Noise

Waveforms used for passive synthetic aperture radar applications typically have poor range resolution which leads to difficulty distinguishing between small targets within a scene. This problem is magnified when there are high sidelobes in the filter response. This paper formulates a modified least-squares mismatched filter used on noisy, oversampled, OFDM signals in lieu of a traditional matched filter. This paper considers the role of signal oversampling on the filter's performance and evaluates the mismatched filter against the matched filter in various noise environments. Range profiles are presented and then image formation is carried out over a narrow aperture to demonstrate the superior sidelobe suppression of the modified least-squares mismatched filter in the presence of additive noise.
Around the Corner, Across the Globe: Developing Global Citizens through Civic Engagement

Nursing educators wrestle with preparing the future nursing workforce to meet the needs of underserved, vulnerable populations in marginalized communities who suffer significant health disparities and social injustices. This article illustrates the integration of engaged civic learning (ECL) within a social justice framework that prepares baccalaureate nurses as global citizens to provide culturally congruent health care around the corner in local communities and learning abroad programs across the globe. Multiple partnerships with local organizations were strengthened, with ECL integrated across the nursing curriculum and aligned with local needs of community housing, schools, churches, shelters, and fitness centers. The nursing faculty collaborated with language professors to develop a Spanish for Health Professions program to increase communication between students and the high percentage of Spanish-speaking populations served locally and globally. A mixed-methods design evaluated program outcomes using descriptive data, student reflections, and the Global Perspective Inventory (GPI) to assess students’ experiences and global learning related to learning abroad during their college experience. Results from pre-surveys to post-survey results showed significant improvement (p < .05) in global learning in 16 of 35 question items. As students journey from entrance into nursing school until graduation, ECL develops them into engaged global citizens.
No Mow May lawns have higher pollinator richness and abundances: An engaged community provides floral resources for pollinators.

No Mow May is a community science initiative popularized in recent years that encourages property owners to limit their lawn mowing practices during the month of May. The goal of No Mow May is to provide early season foraging resources for pollinators that emerge in the spring, especially in urban landscapes when few floral resources are available. We worked with the city council of Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. to allow No Mow May to take place in May 2020. Four hundred and thirty-five property owners registered for No Mow May in Appleton. We measured floral and bee richness and abundance in the yards of a subset of homes (N = 20) located near regularly mowed urban parks (N = 15) at the end of the month. We found that homes that participated in No Mow May had more diverse and abundant flora than regularly mowed green spaces throughout the city. No Mow May homes had three times higher bee richness and five times higher bee abundances than frequently mowed greenspaces. Using generalized linear models, we found that the best predictor of bee richness was the size of the designated unmowed area, and the best predictors of bee abundances were the size of the unmowed area as well as floral richness. While our findings cannot conclusively attribute increases in bee abundances and richness to the No Mow May efforts, our data does show that bee pollinators make use of no mow spaces as key floral resources during early spring in the upper midwestern United States. A post-No Mow May survey revealed that the participants were keen to increase native floral resources in their yards, increase native bee nesting habitat, reduce mowing intensities, and limit herbicide, pesticide, and fertilizer applications to their lawns. The No Mow May initiative educated an engaged community on best practices to improve the conservation of urban pollinators in future years.
SDR-based Psuedo-Doppler AoA Estimation for Low Duty Cycle Transmitters

Pseudo-Doppler (PD) is a powerful technique for Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation for single-channel systems. In the application of collared animal tracking considered within, the VHF transmitting beacon is enabled for a very low duty cycle such as 2 percent. This low duty cycle presents several unique design challenges that are addressed in the revised PD algorithm. PD is then implemented using the LimeMini-SDR for a four-element antenna array. The resulting system delivers accurate AoA estimates for duty cycles approaching 1 percent.
Closed-Form Solution of Critical Inclination for Rock Slope with Weak Plane

Plane failure of rock slope is highly related to the inclination of the weak plane. The inclination of the weak plane is a general function of factors including: height of slope, factor of safety, horizontal coefficient of earthquake influence, inclination of slope, unit weight of rockmass, cohesion and friction angle on the plane. The closed-form solution of the critical inclination of the weak plane corresponding respectively is derived under two conditions (i.e., without earthquake and with earthquake), because the critical height of slope and the critical factor of safety are considered to and are easy to be adjusted in engineering practice. In the end, the relations between derived critical closed-form solution and each parameter are illustrated with an example.
Response of angled and tapered liquid injectors to passing detonation fronts at high operating pressures

Angled and tapered injectors have been subjected to detonation fronts at high-pressure conditions and analyzed using high-speed videos. A total of 846 tests were conducted to characterize refill times and back-flow distances of nine different injector geometries. Water was used as the working fluid, and ethylene–oxygen was utilized to produce the detonation wave. Experiments were performed at two different vessel pressure settings (approximately 4 and 6.8 atm). Refill time data were normalized to obtain a general trend for transient response of liquid injectors to provide a predictive mechanism for injector designers.
An evolutionarily conserved odontode gene regulatory network underlies head armor formation in suckermouth armored catfish

ABSTRACT Odontodes, i.e., teeth and tooth-like structures, consist of a pulp cavity and dentine covered by a mineralized cap. These structures first appeared on the outer surface of vertebrate ancestors and were repeatedly lost and gained across vertebrate clades; yet, the underlying genetic mechanisms and trajectories of this recurrent evolution remain long-standing mysteries. Here, we established suckermouth armored catfish (Ancistrus sp.; Loricariidae), which have uniquely evolved dermal odontodes (dermal denticles) all over most of their body surface, as an experimental model animal amenable to genetic manipulation for studying odontode development. Our histological analysis showed that suckermouth armored catfish develop dermal denticles through the previously defined odontode developmental stages. De novo transcriptomic profiling identified the conserved odontode genetic regulatory network (oGRN) as well as unique expression of paired like homeodomain 2 (pitx2), previously characterized as an early regulator of oGRN in teeth, in developing dermal denticles. Knockdown of pitx2 perturbed formation of the epithelial placode of dermal denticles and altered expression oGRN genes. By comprehensively identifying the genetic program for dermal odontode development in suckermouth armored catfish, this work illuminates how dermal odontodes independently evolved and diverged in distinct teleost lineages. Summary statement Cranial dermal denticles in suckermouth armored catfish develop via an evolutionarily conserved and unique odontode genetic regulatory network.
Emotional capital, student’s behavior and educational inequality

Using the data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011), this paper proposes to theoretically redefine and empirically capture the concept of emotion...
Damped Gauss-Newton method for direct stable inversion of continuous-time nonlinear systems

Existing numerical methods for stable inversion require the formulation and use of the system's inverse dynamics for implementation purposes. This paper introduces a new numerical method for stable inversion that is directly implementable using only the system's state and output equations. In addition to this practical benefit, the proposed direct stable inversion method is globally convergent and its local rate of convergence is quadratic. An example is used to compare the proposed direct method to existing indirect methods.