cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partially adaptive beamformer design via output power minimization

The computational complexity of fully adaptive arrays employing thousands of sensors is often prohibitive and, thus, one is led to processors which only use a fraction of the available adaptive degrees of freedom. We present an optimal approach to the design of a transformation that maps the fully adaptive space into a partially adaptive space based on minimization of output interference power. The design procedure allows for incorporation of a priori knowledge of interference characteristics, applies to arbitrary array geometries and interference scenarios, and results in unconstrained adaptive processor implementations. Examples are presented illustrating the effectiveness of the new partially adaptive processors against broad-band interference.
Empirical evaluation of protocol performance over tactical networks

The authors describe an experiment to evaluate the performance of a tactical network. The purpose of the experiment was to quantify the effect of three parameters, message length, message arrival rate, and transmission mode, on throughput and delay. The experiment was designed to allow an analysis of variance of these factors to examine their significance. Further data summaries helped quantify the differences these factors made in network performance. The results of this experiment provide statistically sound baseline information which can be used as input for network simulations, as guidelines for designing communications architectures and protocols, and for future experiments on combat radio nets. For throughput, the analysis of variance showed that message length was a more significant factor than arrival rate; their interaction was negligible. The transmission mode was not a statistically significant factor. For delay, message length compared to arrival rate was the more significant factor for both single-channel and frequency-hopping data. >
Effects of dorsal and ventral striatal lesions on delayed matching trained with retractable levers

Recent evidence has suggested that thalamic amnesia results from damage to the intralaminar nuclei, an important source of input to striatum. To test the hypothesis that intralaminar damage disrupts functions mediated by striatum, we studied the effects of striatal lesions on a delayed matching task known to be affected by intralaminar lesions. Rats were trained to perform the task and given one of five treatments: sham surgery or a lesion of medial or lateral caudate/putamen, nucleus accumbens, or ventral striatum. Rats with ventral striatal lesions were impaired compared to all other groups. Rats with medial caudate/putamen or nucleus accumbens lesions were impaired compared to controls. The effects of ventral striatal lesions were sufficient to account for impairments in the accuracy and latency of delayed matching responses observed in previous studies of intralaminar and medial frontal cortical lesions. The ventral striatal lesions involved portions of ventral pallidum and thus it seems likely that they affected functions mediated by the nucleus accumbens as well as striatal areas of the tubercle. Serial reversal learning trained in the same apparatus with the same reinforcer was unaffected by all of the lesions. These results are discussed in terms of the roles of midline thalamic nuclei and of thalamo-cortico-striatal circuits in delayed conditional discrimination tasks.
Approximate natural response of an arbitrarily shaped thin wire scatterer

An important aspect of radar target discrimination using natural resonances is the ability to discriminate targets with slight differences in geometry such as differences in wing angle and length. To understand the effects of small geometrical perturbations, it is more important to quantify the change in natural frequency than to accurately determine the frequency itself. The authors introduce an approximate but computationally simple technique for calculating the natural response of an arbitrarily shaped thin wire scatterer. The results provide an efficient means of testing target discrimination among nearly identical wire targets. The method is applied to the dominant resonant current modes of thin cylinders known to have nearly sinusoidal current distributions. >
How influential is Brooks' Law? A longitudinal citation context analysis of Frederick Brooks' The Mythical Man-Month

Citation context analysis is used to demonstrate the diversity of concept symbols that a book-length publication can represent and the diffusion of influence of these concepts over time and across scholarly disciplines. A content analysis of 574 citation contexts from 497 journal articles citing an edition of Frederick P. Brooks, Jr's The Mythical Man-Month (MMM) over the period 1975-1999 showed that MMM represents a variety of different concepts and is cited in a wide range of subject areas. Over time, a high level of interest in MMM spread from software engineering and computer science to management and information systems, with different areas showing different patterns of focus on concepts within the work. 'Brooks' Law' (the 'mythical man-month' or 'adding more people to a late project makes it later'), accounted for less than 30% of the classified citation contexts. The findings contribute to our understanding of the diffusion of ideas in scholarly communication, and the diversity that can underlie the creation of a reference in a scholarly publication.
Why Hobbes' State of Nature is Best Modeled by an Assurance Game

In this article, I argue that if one closely follows Hobbes' line of reasoning in Leviathan, in particular his distinction between the second and the third law of nature, and the logic of his contractarian theory, then Hobbes' state of nature is best translated into the language of game theory by an assurance game, and not by a one-shot or iterated prisoner's dilemma game, nor by an assurance dilemma game. Further, I support Hobbes' conclusion that the sovereign must always punish the Foole, and even exclude her from the cooperative framework or take her life, if she defects once society is established, which is best expressed in the language of game theory by a grim strategy. That is, compared to existing game-theoretic interpretations of Hobbes, I argue that the sovereign plays a grim strategy with the citizens once society is established, and not the individuals with one another in the state of nature.
Fully overlapping domain decomposition for fast optimization of small antennas in large-scale composite media

A novel domain decomposition approach for modeling electrically small details within large computational domains is proposed. The approach tackles the conditioning issues associated with highly non-uniform finite element meshes resulting from direct discretization of fine geometrical details. The proposed method addresses this particular challenge, specifically for fast optimization tools, by separating the discretization of the detail region from that of the uniform background. The iterations between the two are carried out by proper field projections between the meshes. Due to two overlapping meshes being completely unstructured, the method avoids frequent re-meshing and matrix re-computation in optimization iterations. This aspect provides significant flexibility, compared to conventional finite element and domain decomposition methods.
The Deterrent Effect of Perceived Severity of Punishment

Previous findings from perceptual studies of deterrence lead to the conclusion that perceived certainty of punishment (but not perceived severity of punishment) is inversely related to involvement in illegal behavior. The conclusion concerning severity is inconsistent with the rational image of man in utilitarian thought, the philosophicalframework in which modern deterrence theory is grounded. We question the validity of previous measures of perceived severity and argue that the appropriate hypothesis never has been tested with a valid measure. In our own analysis we use a refined measure which we believe is more consistent with the utilitarian perspective. The results support the hypothesis that perceived severity, at relatively high levels of perceived certainty, has a significant deterrent effect. Deterrence theory, like exchange theory and utility theory, is rooted in philosophical utilitarianism in viewing man as a "profit maximizer, that is, a calculator of profit from estimates of gain and cost resulting from the projected act" (Geerken and Gove, 497). Deterrence research focuses on one type of potential cost, the threat of legally imposed physical and/or material deprivation; and on one type of projected act, law violation. Recently, sociological research on deterrence has shifted from a concern with relationships among aggregate properties (e.g., arrest rate and crime rate) to a concern with the relationship-between individuals' perceptions of legal sanctions and their involvement in illegal behavior.1 The relevant dimensions of an individual's perceptions are the perceived certainty of arrest and the perceived severity of punishment if arrested. These reflect the subjective probability of incurring a particular cost and the magnitude of that cost if it is incurred. The rational actor of the utilitarians, when deciding whether to commit an illegal act, estimates the probability of receiving a legally imposed penalty (perceived certainty of arrest) and the magnitude of that penalty (perceived severity of punishment if arrested). This potential cost is added to other potential costs which are compared to potential
A dynamic multiple copy approach for message passing in a virtual cut-through environment

The paper proposes a scheme where nodes adaptively send multiple copies of time-critical messages to increase the probability of their timely delivery. A message is replicated only when the time remaining to its deadline is below a pre-computed threshold. An off-line algorithm for computing the number of copies and the deadline thresholds is presented. Simulation results indicate that the reductions in the expected cost due to missed deadlines are substantial as a result of using the proposed scheme. >
A qualitative study of college student responses to conflicting messages in advertising: anti-binge drinking public service announcements versus wine promotion health messages.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate how college students deal with conflicting health messages in advertising regarding binge drinking and wine promotion.
The Conservatism of Emoji: Work, Affect, and Communication

This piece examines emoji as conduits for affective labor in the social networks of informational capitalism. Emoji, ubiquitous digital images that can appear in text messages, emails, and social m...
Changes in the low flow regime over the eastern United States (1962–2011): variability, trends, and attributions

We examine trends and variability in low flows over the eastern U.S. (S. Carolina to Maine) and their attribution in a changing climate. We select 149 out of 4878 USGS stations over the eastern U.S., taking into account data availability and minimal direct management. Annual 7-day low flows (Q7) are computed from the series of daily streamflow records for 1962–2011 and compared to an antecedent precipitation (AP) index calculated over the corresponding basin for each station. In general, a north–south (increasing-decreasing) dipole pattern in low flow trends is associated with trends in AP. The exception is in the southern part of the study area including Virginia and the Carolinas, where moderate increasing trends in AP may have been offset by water withdrawals and increasing potential evapotranspiration (PET) as driven by increasing temperature and vapor pressure deficit. A principal component analysis (PCA) of Q7 and AP indicates that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North America (PNA) pattern show statistically significant correlations for Q7 at 1 and 2 month lead time, respectively, via large-scale pressure patterns. Our findings suggest that the inter-annual variability of low flows has increased due to significant anti-correlation between the NAO and PNA during recent decades, and the future risk of low flow extremes may be further enhanced with temperature driven increases in PET and persistence of the multi-decadal relationship between NAO and PNA.
Photophysics and Nonlinear Absorption of Gold(I) and Platinum(II) Donor–Acceptor–Donor Chromophores

A series of Au(I) and Pt(II) acetylide complexes of a π-conjugated donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) chromophore were studied to develop quantitative structure–property relationships for their photophysical and nonlinear optical properties. The D-A-D chromophore consists of a “TBT” unit, where T = 3-hexyl-2,5-thienylene and BTD = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, capped with ethynylene groups. The D-A-D chromophore is functionalized with Au(I)PR3 (R = −Me and −Ph) and trans-Pt(II)(PR3)2-CCPh (R = −Me and −Bu) “auxochromes”. All of the metal complexes were characterized by ground-state absorption, photoluminescence, nanosecond transient absorption, and two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy. The experiments provided quantitative values of the photophysical parameters, including rates for radiative decay and intersystem crossing (ISC), triplet yields, and two-photon absorption cross sections. Pronounced solvatochromism in the fluorescence spectra suggests an enhanced dipole moment in the excited state of the complexes c...
High Pressure Cooling System Malfunction

On June 26, 1980, Unit One of the E.I. Hatch Nuclear Plant experienced a reactor scram coincident with a temporary loss of the feedwater system and the high pressure coolant systems. The unit transient response is presented in order to highlight the conditions faced by the control room operators.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modulate the B- to A-DNA Transition.

We study the conformational equilibrium between B-to-A forms of ds-DNA adsorbed onto a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) using free energy profile calculations based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The potential of mean force (PMF) of the B-to-A transition of ds-DNA in the presence of an uncharged (10,0) carbon nanotube for two dodecamers with poly-AT or poly-GC sequences is calculated as a function of a root-mean-square-distance (ΔRMSD) difference metric for the B-to-A transition. The calculations reveal that in the presence of a SWNT DNA favors B-form DNA significantly in both poly-GC and poly-AT sequences. Furthermore, the poly-AT DNA:SWNT complex shows a higher energy penalty for adopting an A-like conformation than poly-GC DNA:SWNT by several kcal/mol. The presence of a SWNT on either poly-AT or poly-GC DNA affects the PMF of the transition such that the B form is favored by as much as 10 kcal/mol. In agreement with published data, we find a potential energy minimum between A and B-form DNA at ΔRMSD ≈ −1.5 A and that the presence of the SWNT moves this minimum by as much as ΔRMSD = 3 A.
Manganese-Mediated Hydride Delivery to a Borazine by Stepwise Reduction and Protonation

A Mn(CO)3+ fragment coordinates a borazine unit as a π complex, [(η6-Me6B3N3)Mn(CO)3]BAr′. Coordination facilitates the delivery of alkyl and hydride nucleophiles, the latter of which can also be installed by successive reduction/protonation reactions. This system represents an alternative strategy to consider for the reduction of hydrogen depleted B–N molecules, which are relevant to the regeneration of spent B–N hydrogen storage systems.
A Discussion on the Impact of Patents Related to 3G mobile Terminals on Domestic Manufacturers

With the coming 3G era, domestic manufacturers are facing challenges in terms of 3G mobile telephone technology patents and other related intellectual property. First, foreign manufacturers holding 3G patent technologies are demanding for more patent royalty. Second, Mass Customization of mobile terminals from future 3G operators will cause more IPR problems. Domestic manufacturers can not gain the advantage of fundamental patents for profits in a short time. But it is possible for them to get patents in application technology field. The manufactures should employ their own full time IPR consultant, strengthen management and training on technology development and IPR.
The “fourth Mission”: The Time Commitment of Anesthesiology Faculty for Management Is Comparable to Their Time Commitments to Education, Research, and Indirect Patient Care

Academic anesthesia departments have management responsibilities (e.g., coordinating sedation, directing the operating rooms [ORs], informatics, ongoing professional performance evaluation, staff scheduling, and workroom inventory management). For each of the 64 faculty, a survey sampled 10 weekdays and 4 weekend days of professional activity over N=56 days. Faculty time in managerial activities was 126% of time spent on education, 107% of time spent in research, and 112% of time spent on mandatory indirect clinical support (e.g., fire safety training). The 95% lower confidence limits calculated using Fieller's theorem were 107%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Corresponding bootstrap limits were 107%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. Thus, although our College of Medicine tripartite mission includes clinical care, education, and research, administrative activities constitute a "fourth mission" of our department.
Results from 7-mm bilateral recessions of the medial rectus muscles for congenital esotropia.

We reviewed the surgical records of 77 patients who had undergone 7-mm bilateral medial rectus recessions for large-angle congenital esotropia. The mean age of onset of esotropia in these patients was 3.5 months, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 12.9 months. The mean preoperative deviation was 69 delta of esotropia. This procedure resulted in satisfactory horizontal alignment in 47 patients (61%) at their latest follow-up examination (mean, 27 months; range, 6 months to 6 years). The esotropia was undercorrected in 21 patients (27%) and overcorrected in nine (12%). Amblyopia was noted in 30%, oblique muscle dysfunction in 44%, and dissociated vertical deviation in 36% of the patients. Regression analysis of multiple variables showed alignment at 6 weeks to be the only predictor of the final outcome (R = .83). Extramacular fusion was achieved in 10 of 11 patients for whom reliable sensory data were available. The mean age at surgery of these patients was 9.7 months. Seven-millimeter bilateral medial rectus recessions are an effective alternative to three- and four-muscle procedures in the initial treatment of large-angle congenital esotropia during infancy.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a review for the primary care physician.

It is difficult to find a satisfactory title for this review, because both the word "complementary" and "alternative"-are not very politically correct currently. It is probable that there is no fully politically correct word, except for "non-allopathic," which is unfamiliar to many MDs. Accurately used, the term "allopathic" is as opposed to "homeopathic," so from its origins, "allopathic medicine" should include herbal medicine. However, in practice, herbal and many other non-homeopathic treatments are called "non-allopathic," whereas conventional medicine is called "allopathic." "Complementary" usually would include practices that are used with conventional western medical treatments, and "alternative" would include those practices that are used instead of western medical treatments. For most of this review, the terms "non-allopathic," "alternative," and "complementary" could be used interchangeably. This topic has gained interest, and received some allopathic legitimacy, in part because of an article that David Eisenberg, M.D., published in the New England Journal.' In 1990, he performed a telephone survey of about 1,500 adults in the U.S. and asked them about the use of treatments and practices that were "alternative," which he defined as not generally being taught in the U.S. medical schools and not being readily available in U.S. hospitals. From his sample, he extrapolated that in 1990, about 60 million Americans used alternative medical treatments, at an estimated cost of $13.7 billion. There were more visits to alternative healers than to primary care MDs that year, and over two-thirds of people who did use alternative medical treatments did not tell their doctors about it. Now that third party figures are becoming interested in paying for alternative medical practices (especially naturopathic, chiropractic, and acupuncture services), allopathic physicians will be increasing in the position of being able to refer people to alternative providers, and insurers will pay for services that MDs approve. Therefore, it will become increasingly important for physicians to have a degree of familiarity with alternative treatments (including efficacy and risks). So far, to date, there have been no cases of malpractice for giving advice about the use of alternative medical treatments, but liability will certainly exist to anyone who delivers treatments, such as acupuncture or spinal manipulation, in the event of an adverse effect. This review will briefly introduce some of the most common alternative practices likely to be seen in Hawaii communities: Homeopathy, Herbs, Naturopathy, Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and Chiropractic and spinal manipulation, and a brief discussion of Dr. Eisenberg's recent position paper on advising patients about alternative practices.
Carlyle’s Aesthetic Theory: The Aesthetic Whole

While loss of religious faith played a part in Carlyle’s disparagement of creative literature, certainly one cannot ignore his theories concerning the world itself, God’s universe. There are, in this respect, at least two overriding beliefs that influenced Carlyle’s aesthetic theory: his acute awareness of the wholeness of things, organic unity; and his view of the necessity of seeing the concrete in the abstract, the real in the ideal, his natural supernaturalism. In the latter concept, what was needed in art was for the artist to capture the spirit of the times, to do, in effect, what Browning’s Fra Lippo Lippi indicated it was important for the artist to do: enable one to see things as if for the first time.
Epigenetic Signature of Leukemia Stem Cells Defines Subgroups Associated with Clinical Outcome and Cell of Origin in AML

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy initiated by leukemia-initiating or leukemia stem cells (LSC) which can differentiate into clonally related leukemic blast cells. This leukemia stem cell model proposes that functional properties of LSC and their blast progeny must be derived by epigenetic differences. Here, we examined genome wide DNA methylation of LSC-enriched populations and blast cells from 15 AML patients, along with 6 well-defined hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) populations from 5 normal controls using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip array. Strikingly, LSC-enriched populations exhibited global hypomethylation compared to non-engrafting blast cells, demonstrating that epigenetic change could drive the functional difference of LSC and their blast progeny. We defined an LSC epigenetic signature by integrating DNA methylation and gene expression analysis. The signature independently predicted overall survival of patients in both DNA methylation and gene expression data sets. Finally, we identified that LSC-enriched populations formed two major clusters when compared to normal HSPC: a granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP)-like and a lymphoid-primed multipotential progenitor (L-MPP)-like subgroup that may reflect the cell of origin for these cases. These subgroups showed strong association with cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations associated with the cell of origin. These results provide the first evidence for epigenetic variation between LSC and their blast progeny that are prognostic, and for epigenetically defined cell of origin of AML LSC. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
1988 Brood Parasitism

Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, relying on those species to rear their young. Given the time and effort that it takes to rear a chick, the expectation would be for the host to evolve ways to detect and expel the cuckoo’s egg. The cuckoo would then evolve new deceptions to ensure acceptance of its eggs. In this classic paper, Davies and Brooke (1988) consider the strategies and counterstrategies used by cuckoos and wood warblers in this evolutionary tug of war.
Methane Occurrences in Aquifers Overlying the Barnett Shale Play with a Focus on Parker County, Texas.

Clusters of elevated methane concentrations in aquifers overlying the Barnett Shale play have been the focus of recent national attention as they relate to impacts of hydraulic fracturing. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial extent of high dissolved methane previously observed on the western edge of the play (Parker County) and to evaluate its most likely source. A total of 509 well water samples from 12 counties (14,500 km2 ) were analyzed for methane, major ions, and carbon isotopes. Most samples were collected from the regional Trinity Aquifer and show only low levels of dissolved methane (85% of 457 unique locations 20 mg/L) are limited to a few spatial clusters. The Parker County cluster area includes historical vertical oil and gas wells producing from relatively shallow formations and recent horizontal wells producing from the Barnett Shale (depth of ∼1500 m). Lack of correlation with distance to Barnett Shale horizontal wells, with distance to conventional wells, and with well density suggests a natural origin of the dissolved methane. Known commercial very shallow gas accumulations (<200 m in places) and historical instances of water wells reaching gas pockets point to the underlying Strawn Group of Paleozoic age as the main natural source of the dissolved gas.
Fatigue Crack Detection System Based on IoT and Statistical Analysis

Abstract A new fatigue crack detection system was developed utilizing IoT and statistical analysis techniques. Strain distributions on structural members are statistically compared between health and diagnosis conditions. It was designed to detect fatigue crack initiations and propagations as abnormal. Data acquisition transfer system and automatic fatigue crack detection system were built using IoT techniques and cloud server platform. Users can see the detection results with real time chart application software in their office on demand. Two examples of demonstration experiments are shown with their data and analysis results. Fatigue crack was detected in one of the experiments in realistic working conditions. Robust crack detection method and IoT remote monitoring system were developed, and verified possessing high detection accuracy on realistic machinery.
Black Disciples and White Missionaries

This chapter presents the elementary and high school experiences reflected among these participants and the varying roles that Black and White teachers and organizations played in supporting their educational pursuits. Collectively, they attended a variety of high schools: some college prep and others not; segregated public schools and mission schools for Blacks; private White high schools; and integrated public schools. For those participants who were raised in the North, experiences with Northern segregation, often in the context of educational co-curricular activities, are acknowledged. Southerners shared their experiences with or ideas of the North and what it would be like as well as the ways that segregation did not consistently demarcate their lives.
Cell Changes in Neurospora

Replicating cells may be predictably altered by exogenous signals so that their progeny come to express a novel phenotype. Differentiation, a process so familiar and fundamental to biology, is exemplified by the vegetative life cycle of Neurospora crassa. There are three characteristic stages, and each consists of but a single basic cell type. Upon proper stimulation, the proliferation of recumbent vegetative hyphal cells is discontinued, and instead aerial hyphae are produced. Aerial hyphae grow and then eventually produce resting vegetative spores called macro-conidia. Figure 1 summarizes the relationships among the three cell types. These cell changes are at least superficially reminiscent of development in higher multicellular organisms; replicating stem cells are induced to produce a population of intermediary cells which pass through a critical number of cell cycles before they go on to form morphologically and functionally distinct, terminally differentiated cells in which mitotic activity has ceased. In an attempt to exploit what appears to be a particularly clear and simple model for eukaryotic cell differention, we have elected to examine aspects of the processes of aerialogenesis and macroconidiogenesis.
Therapeutic Potential of Cholera Toxin B Subunit for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases of the Mucosa

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) is a mucosal immunomodulatory protein that induces robust mucosal and systemic antibody responses. This well-known biological activity has been exploited in cholera prevention (as a component of Dukoral® vaccine) and vaccine development for decades. On the other hand, several studies have investigated CTB's immunotherapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease and asthma. Furthermore, we recently found that a variant of CTB could induce colon epithelial wound healing in mouse colitis models. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms behind CTB's anti-inflammatory activity and discuss how the protein could impact mucosal inflammatory disease treatment.
Atomistic simulation of III-nitride core-shell QD solar cells

Multiscale computational simulations are performed to investigate how electronic structure and optical absorption characteristics of recently reported nanostructured III-nitride core-shell multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells are governed by an intricate coupling of size-quantization, atomicity, and built-in structural and polarization fields. The core computational framework is divided into four coupled phases: i) geometry construction for the wurtzite lattice in polar and nonpolar crystallographic orientations; ii) structural relaxation and calculation of atomistic strain distributions; iii) obtaining the induced polarization and internal potential distributions; iv) computing the single-particle electronic structure and optical transition probabilities using a 10-band sp3 s∗-spin tight-binding framework; and v) obtaining the device terminal characteristics using a TCAD toolkit. Special care was taken in incorporating the nonpolar rn-plane crystallographic orientation within the simulator via appropriate lattice vectors, rotational matrices, neighboring atom co-ordinates and sp3-hybridized passivation scheme. From the simulations, it is found that, in contrast to some recent studies, atomistic strain in the rn-plane structure induces non-vanishing piezoelectric polarization, which leads to a symmetry-lowering of the structure. Nevertheless, the rn-plane structure exhibits a stronger overlap and localization of the wavefunctions, as compared to the c-plane counterpart. Overall, the rn-plane structure offers higher spontaneous emission rate and quantum efficiency as well as an improved Jill-factor.
Abstract TMP5: Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusions: Incremental Benefits of IV tPA Alone and Mechanical Thrombectomy Added to IV tPA

Background: Quantifying the magnitude of benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) add to IV tPA (IVT) versus IV tPA alone vs neither in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) is crucial to optimal organization of regional systems of stroke care. But single RCT analysis cannot quantify these effect magnitudes as no IV tPA trial enrolled explicitly-identified LVO patients, and no thrombectomy trial enrolled early IV tPA responders. Methods: We performed a matched patient network analysis of the two NINDS-tPA trials and the SWIFT PRIME trial. Using 1:1 optimal inverse variance matching, with NIHSS ± 1 and age ± 5, triplet matched were made between the NINDS placebo (neither MT or IVT), NINDS tPA (tPA only), and SWIFT PRIME (MT+IVT) treatment groups, ensuring comparable LVO-AIS patients, and 90 day mRS outcomes analyzed. Results: Among 258 triplet matched patients (86 in each treatment arm), baseline characteristics were well balanced for age (MT+IVT 66.6, IVT only 66.5, neither 66.7, p=1.00) and presenting deficit severity (NIHSS 16.3 vs 16.4 vs 16.2, p=0.98). Dramatic early benefits of IVT, leading to foregoing of MT, occurred in 10.1% of patients. The Figure shows final 90 day mRS distributions for the 3 AIS-LVO treatment strategies. Freedom from disability (mRS 0-1) was higher with MT+IVT than IVT alone and neither (47.7% vs 31.4% vs 19.8%), as was functional independence (mRS 0-2, 64.2% vs 37.2% 30.2%), and severe disability/death (mRS 5-6) was lower (11.0% vs 29.1% vs 31.4%). Number needed to treat for 1 improved outcome over the entire mRS range (shift analysis) was 4.9 for IVT alone vs neither and 2.0 for both MT+IVT vs neither. Conclusions: The strategy of IV thrombolysis plus direct mechanical thrombectomy unless immediate dramatic benefit occurs is highly power for LVO-AIS, improving outcomes in 1 of every 2 patients. IVT alone provides benefit in 1 in 5 patients.
A built-in self-test technique for transmitter-only systems

Internet of Things (IoT) nodes used in environmental monitoring and smart city applications are becoming increasingly prevalent with over $200B projected market potential. These nodes typically employ one-way communications using a high-end transmitter without a corresponding receiver. Testing of such transmitter-only systems poses an additional challenge. Due to the lack of a receiver, low-cost test techniques, such as loop-back, cannot be used. In this paper, we present a low overhead built-in self-test (BIST) technique to characterize imbalances of IQ transmitters without a receiver, both for post-production and in-field test purposes. The proposed BIST uses simple circuitry and a single test setup. The target parameters are analytically computed independent from internal BIST parameters which eliminates the need for initial calibration phase. All measurements are in DC and no external RF signal generation is required. The overall measurement time, including the computation time, is less than 2ms. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed method provides adequate estimation accuracy for digital calibration.
Winged Bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C.]

The winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C., is a member of the Leguminoseae familiy and is a tropical plant found chiefly in rural areas of Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia. It grows abundantly in hot, humid equatorial countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Burma, and Sri Lanka. Although at one time considered as a “poor man’s food”, the potential economic importance of the plant has attracted worldwide attention and it is now recognized as “A High Protein Crop for the Tropics” (NAS 1981). Because of this, several important advances in growing winged bean in the fields and research in various laboratories are being made all over the world so that it will become a significant source of food and proteins, particularly to developing countries. The advancements and breakthroughs in biotechnology and its applications to agricultural plants like the winged bean have opened new avenues for crop improvement and significant progress in achieving these goals are anticipated in order to exploit the full potential of this important plant.
EQuery: Enable event-driven declarative queries in programmable network measurement

Network measurement is critical in network management such as performance monitoring, diagnosis, and traffic engineering. However, conventional network measurement solutions are limited by simple and fixed functionalities as well as coarse-grained statistics which often fail to precisely illustrate network conditions. In this paper, we propose an event-driven declarative query language, EQuery, for programmable network management in order to design sophisticated measurement tasks and enable event mechanism to avoid human intervene. Furthermore, we design a compiler to support the query language on the EQuery Controller, which drives the chaining query workflow with nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), and translates measurement jobs into low-level rules/states on the physical devices. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of our EQuery framework on a nation-wide operational network with real-time network statistics.
System-Level Synthesis

Microelectromechanical Systems such as resonators, accelerometers, gyroscopes, IR sensors, RF filters, electrothermal converters and force sensors can be composed out of beam springs, plate masses, dampers, and electromechanical comb sensors and actuators. MEMS design involves iteratively designing each of these submodules and the entire transducer including the electronics, to meet given design specifications. System-level synthesis helps automate much of this design problem for a fixed MEMS transducer topology. First, geometric layout design variables are identified to describe the topology. Next, functional constraints that map these variables to engineering performance specifications are obtained by static and dynamic mechanical as well as electrostatic analysis. Then, the variables and constraints are used to formulate a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem, which is solved to synthesize the transducer layout from high-level engineering specifications. A variety of objective functions can be used to automate the exploration of the entire design space given specific user-specified engineering constraints, allowing the designer to understand the complex design trade-offs inherent to the design problem.
Effects of flumazenil on fishers Martes pennanti restrained with tiletamine-zolazepam

As part of a project to restore the fisher Martes pennanti in Pennsylvania, USA, we evaluated flumazenil (0.02 mg/kg) for partial reversal of tiletamine-zolazepam (10.0–11.0 mg/kg; i.e. antagonizing the effects of zolazepam) by monitoring immobilization intervals and physiologic responses of fishers (N = 4). Flumazenil reduced mean down time and alert time, but did not reduce mean recovery time. Trends in respiratory rate, body temperature, pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation expressed by immobilized fishers were not altered by flumazenil within eight minutes post-injection. Flumazenil did not enhance practical utility of tiletamine-zolazepam at 10.0–11.0 mg/kg because fishers that received flumazenil exhibited residual tiletamine effects such as prolonged recovery and profound ataxia.
Abstract 59: Combining Electrical Stimulation With Stem Cell Therapy Improves Endogenous Mechanisms of Stroke Recovery

Introduction: Brain stimulation techniques to enhance stroke recovery are a promising area of research; however, in vivo electrical stimulation combined with neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplant...
Die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit

Der Beitrag stellt die Internationale Klassifikation der Funktionsfahigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) der Weltgesundheitsorganisation vor. Ihre Vorgeschichte, Ziele, Begriffe, Struktur sowie ihr komplementares Verhaltnis zur ICD-10 werden erlautert.
Associations Between Maternal Obesity and Race, with Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This retrospective cohort study examined associations between maternal body mass index (BMI), race, and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) (3rd/4th degree perineal lacerations). Obstetric anal sphincter injury may lead to significant maternal morbidity, and a more thorough understanding of risk factors for this complication may guide providers in patient counseling and procedures such as episiotomy or operative vaginal delivery. Vaginal deliveries performed at Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children from 2008-2015 were included. Maternal body mass index at delivery was used and OASIs identified through International Classification of Diseases codes. Demographic/clinical variables were summarized through descriptive statistics. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Of the 25,594 deliveries included, 1,198 (4.7%) involved an OASI. OASI prevalence differed by BMI (P 50 kg/m2 had a lower odds of OASI (OR 0.31 [95%CI 0.11 - 0.83]), which persisted after adjustment (aOR 0.28 [95%CI 0.08-0.96]). OASI also differed by race (P < .0001), with Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) demonstrating the lowest prevalence (3.0%) and Asians the highest (5.6%). After adjustment, compared to White women, NHOPI women had lower OASI prevalence that met the borderline of statistical significance (aOR 0.79 [95%CI 0.62-1.01]), while Asian women continued to demonstrate increased prevalence (aOR 1.50 [95% CI 1.22-1.85]). We conclude that obese women, including those with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2, have lower OASI prevalence. Race is also a significant factor, with Asians almost double the prevalence of NHOPIs. These findings contribute to evidence-based, individualized patient counseling on OASI.
Toward a Practice-Informed Agenda for Hospice Intervention Research: What Are Staff Members' Biggest Challenges?

The translation of evidence-based interventions into routine hospice care is impeded by numerous barriers, including a disconnect between research priorities and clinical care. To inform the develo...
Epigenetics/Epigenomics and Prevention of Early Stages of Cancer by Isothiocyanates.

Cancer is a complex disease and cancer development takes 10–50 years involving epigenetics. Evidence suggests that approximately 80% of human cancers are linked to environmental factors impinging upon genetics/epigenetics. Because advanced metastasized cancers are resistant to radiotherapy/chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer prevention by relatively nontoxic chemopreventive “epigenetic modifiers” involving epigenetics/epigenomics is logical. Isothiocyanates are relatively nontoxic at low nutritional and even higher pharmacologic doses, with good oral bioavailability, potent antioxidative stress/antiinflammatory activities, possess epigenetic-modifying properties, great anticancer efficacy in many in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models. This review summarizes the latest advances on the role of epigenetics/epigenomics by isothiocyanates in prevention of skin, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The exact molecular mechanism how isothiocyanates modify the epigenetic/epigenomic machinery is unclear. We postulate “redox” processes would play important roles. In addition, isothiocyanates sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate, possess multifaceted molecular mechanisms would be considered as “general” cancer preventive agents not unlike chemotherapeutic agents like platinum-based or taxane-based drugs. Analogous to chemotherapeutic agents, the isothiocyanates would need to be used in combination with other nontoxic chemopreventive phytochemicals or drugs such as NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase/aromatase inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways would be logical for the prevention of progression of tumors to late advanced metastatic states.
Singular perturbations and optimal control of stochastic systems in infinite dimension: HJB equations and viscosity solutions

We study a stochastic optimal control problem for a two scale system driven by an infinite dimensional stochastic differential equation which consists of “slow” and “fast” components. We use the theory of viscosity solutions in Hilbert spaces to show that as the speed of the fast component goes to infinity, the value function of the optimal control problem converges to the viscosity solution of a reduced effective equation. We consider a rather general case where the evolution is given by an abstract semilinear stochastic differential equation with nonlinear dependence on the controls. The results of this paper generalize to the infinite dimensional case the finite dimensional results of Alvarez and Bardi [SIAM J. Control Optim. 40 (2001/02) 1159–1188] and complement the results in Hilbert spaces obtained recently in Guatteri and Tessitore [To appear in: Appl. Math. Optim. (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00245-019-09577-y].
Research Opportunities to Change Eating Behavior

In 2017-19, about 18 of my research articles were retracted. These retractions offer some useful lessons to scholars, and they also offer some useful next steps to those who want to publish in the social sciences. Two of these steps include 1) Choose a publishable topic, and 2) have a rough mental roadmap of what the finished paper might look. That is, what’s the positioning, the study, and the possible contribution. The topics I’ve described here offer one set of roadmaps that could be useful. First, they were of interest to journals in medicine, behavioral economics, marketing, nutrition, psychology, health, and consumer behavior. Second, they each show what a finished paper might look like. They show the positioning, relevant background research, methodological tips, and key implications. I find all of these topics super interesting and of practical importance. This document provides a two-page template for each one that shows 1) An overview why it was done, 2) the abstract (or a summary if there was no abstract), 3) the reason it was retracted, 4) how it could be done differently, and 5) promising new research opportunities on the topic. Table 1 and Appendix A lay out an estimate of how much effort it might take to do studies on these topics, and Appendix B lays out other issues related to how these specific papers were investigated. I’ve also estimated what I think the practical impact each research project might have. These are my own subjective estimates, but you might find them a useful starting point if you’re looking for a tie-breaker between two different topics. I would strongly encourage anyone who’s interested in publishing in these areas to closely follow principles of open science, from preregistration of hypotheses and analytic strategies to open materials and open data. Making specific hypotheses and testing them by following open science principles will be the best next way forward. A good introduction to these principles, along with hands-on advice, is this: Klein, O., Hardwicke, T. E., Aust, F., Breuer, J., Danielsson, H., Hofelich Mohr, A., … Frank, M. C. (2018). A practical guide for transparency in psychological science. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 20. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.158 Academia can be a tremendously rewarding career both you and for the people who benefit from research. Best wishes in moving topics like these forward, and best wishes on a great career.
Modeling the antecedents and outcomes of perceived relationship investment (PRI) in nonprofit organizations

Abstract A lack of empirical studies prompted the development and testing of a model investigating the antecedents and outcomes of perceived relationship investment (PRI) in nonprofits. All parts of the model were supported including antecedent tactics of tangible rewards, interactivity, and information sharing, their effect on relationship quality, and positive behavioral intentions such as keeping the organization foremost in consideration of volunteer time or large gift allocation when time or financial resources allow.