cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructural Development of TiB2 Ion Implanted with 1 Mev Nickel

An Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) investigation of polycrystalline TiB 2 implanted with 1 MeV Ni+ to 1 × 10 21 ions/m 2 has shown that the implanted region remained crystalline and showed no evidence of precipitation. A region containing tangled dislocations extended from the implanted surface to ∼500 nm. Between ∼500 and 750 nm, the microstructure was more complicated and could be indicative of a high density of 5 to 10 nm diam defects. The maximum nickel concentration determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) occurred at ∼450 nm, slightly deeper than the calculated depth of 390 nm. Observations after in situ annealing revealed cavities and nickel-rich precipitates. Radiation damage models are invoked to explain the microstructures observed.
Key Issues and Opportunities in the Initial Identification and Classification of English Learners

English learners (ELs) require access to appropriate instructional services that match their strengths and needs to have an equal opportunity to achieve the same academic standards as other students. If ELs are not properly identified and classified, they may be excluded from services that would better help them meet high academic standards, and they may not receive optimal supports to advance both linguistically and academically. Thus, it is critical to accurately and properly identify newly enrolled students who are in need of supplemental instruction and support. The purpose of this report is to identify issues in current initial English-language proficiency assessment practices used to determine initial EL classification and offer recommendations to strengthen the policies, process, and tools used in the identification and classification of ELs.
Where is the Research on Community College Students

ABSTRACTAn understanding of where community college scholarship is published can be beneficial to practitioners seeking to identify and use scholarly evidence to support policies and programs that promote student success. Such an understanding will also benefit aspiring and new scholars seeking to identify community college scholarship. Unfortunately, there has been little effort to document journal characteristics of scholarship focused on community college students. The present study identified, reviewed, and described community college student scholarship published in P–20 education journals between 1990 and 2014. The study also examined trends over time in journals publishing articles focused on community college students. We found a sizable increase in scholarly work published in education journals since 1990—in particular within the past several years. Importantly, results also revealed an underrepresentation of empirical work focused on community college students published in P–20 education, top-ti...
The epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Suzhou

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Suzhou. Methods 6108 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection. HBoV was detected by using real time fluorescence PCR. Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) was detected by using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RSV, IVA, IVB, PIV1~3 and ADV were detected by using direct immunofluorescence assay. Results The total incidence rate of HBoV infection was 6.19% (378/6108), in which 73 cases (19.31%, 73/378) were mixed with other pathogens. RSV, PIV-3 and MP were the most preferred pathogens mixed with HBoV infection, and their incidence rate was 64.38% (47/73), 16.44% (12/73) and 12.33% (9/73), respectively. Positive rate of HBoV infection in the summer, autumn, winter and spring were 9.06%, 11.35%, 3.52% and 2.37%, respectively. There was a significant difference between summer and spring, winter, also, between autumn and spring, winter (P0.01 for all). On the population distribution, the positive incidence rate of HBoV in different age group were 11.14% for 7~12 months old, 10.40% for 1~3years old, 2.83% for 0~6 months old, 4.29% for 3~5 years old, 3.11% for 5~6 years old and 1.97% for over 6 years old, respectively. The positive rate of HBoV was higher in 7 months to 3 year old children than other age groups (χ 2 =144.26, P0.01). Conclusion HBoV is one of the main pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection in Suzhou area, and it is occurred throughout the year. There were high incidences of HBoV infection in summer and autumn. Mixed infection with other pathogens had a high proportion for HBoV, and RSV was its most preferred partner. The children from 7 months to 3 years oldwere the most susceptible population for HBoV infection.
Thirty-day and 90-day hospital readmission after outpatient upper extremity hemodialysis access creation.

Abstract Objective Patients with end-stage renal disease have multiple comorbidities and are at increased risk for postoperative complications and resource utilization. Our goal was to determine the rate and causes of 30-day and 90-day hospital readmissions after the creation of outpatient hemodialysis access. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all outpatient upper extremity hemodialysis access creations performed at our medical center from 2008 to 2015. Readmission was defined as any inpatient status admission ≤30 and 90 days. Reasons for such admissions were analyzed, and multivariate analyses assessed risk factors. Results We identified 537 patients (60% male). Average age was 59 years. Access type included radiocephalic (4.5%), brachiocephalic (50.7%), brachiobasilic (22.5%), and prosthetic (20%) arteriovenous fistulas. The 90-day mortality rate was 0.7%. Postoperative hospital readmission rates were 25.5% at 30 days and 47.7% at 90 days. Reasons for admission were access related in 10.9% and dialysis catheter related in 6.9%. Other reasons for admission included shortness of breath/volume overload (15.8%), gastrointestinal (11.9%), cardiac/chest pain (10.9%), unrelated infectious causes (11.9%), failure to thrive (5%), altered mental status (4%), electrolyte abnormalities (3%), and musculoskeletal (2.5%). Preoperative predictors of all cause 30-day readmission included dementia (odds ratio [OR], 5.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-24.8; P = .018), hypertension (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.07-14.4; P = .039), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.01-4.76; P = .046), and current smoking (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.32-3.47; P = .002). Predictors of all cause 90-day readmission were hepatic insufficiency (OR, 6.08; 95% CI, 1.2-30.8; P = .029), hypertension (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.36-8.65; P = .009), black race (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.48-4.14; P = .001), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.01-4.11; P = .046), and obesity (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.02-2.19; P = .039). Predictors of 90-day access-related readmission included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 5.27; 95% CI, 1.38-20.0; P = .015), previous stroke (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.5-9.4; P = .005), being on dialysis at time of the operation (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.17-6.84; P = .022), and prosthetic graft placement (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.07-7.6; P = .036). An additional 9.7% had at least one emergency department presentation ≤90 days but were not admitted. Conclusions Patients undergoing placement of hemodialysis access are at high risk for readmission mostly from causes unrelated to their operation. This has an effect for global care for these patients as well as care of these patients in accountable care organizations.
Blaming the Victim: ‘Consent’ within the Fourth Amendment and Rape Law

The history of rape law can illuminate the Fourth Amendment’s doctrine of consent. Over the past forty years, feminists have criticized rape law for treating unwanted physical intrusions as if they were consensual. Feminist theorists argued that the underlying purpose of rape law should be the protection of women’s autonomy and bodily integrity and that the law should therefore recognize even subtle forms of coercion as incompatible with true consent. Turning to the legal hurdles against rape convictions, feminist scholars criticized the force requirements as too onerous. Instead, the law should credit the woman’s perspective in determining if she submitted due to coercion or if she truly consented to the sexual intercourse. Whatever one thinks about feminism’s success or failure in changing rape law, the theorists certainly shed light on the fact that the law often fails to credit women’s subjective experience when determining consent. This article posits that the Fourth Amendment consent doctrine suffers from many of the same infirmities as rape law. Examining the theories that helped propel change to rape law, this article shows how critiques of rape law apply with equal force to the ever-expanding Fourth Amendment consent doctrine. Under the current Supreme Court rules, police may bypass the usual Fourth Amendment requirements for searches and seizures, such as probable cause and warrant, as long as the officer convinces a judge that an individual consented to the seizure of his person or to a search. As a practical matter, consent legitimizes searches and seizures based on hunches, racial profiling, or even harassment. The Court justifies this end-run around the constitutional protections by explaining that the consent exception promotes the dignity of individuals by giving them the choice whether to invite police intrusions. As this article shows, there are many parallels to be drawn between rape and Fourth Amendment consent law. Although both claim to protect the dignity of choice, like rape law, the Fourth Amendment fails to ask if a subject wishes to be seized or touched, focusing instead on the amount of force and coercion used by the police. Also like rape law, the Fourth Amendment fails to recognize that subtle forms of coercion are incompatible with true consent. Both Fourth Amendment and rape law blame subjects who submit to subtle coercion, telling them they had a choice. Just as rape victims were told they asked for it by wearing short dresses and not screaming for help, individuals are told they asked for it by extending their arms to be searched. The consent-to-search doctrine has long troubled lawyers and scholars in the criminal justice field. With this article, the inequities will also become apparent to those less familiar with the Supreme Court's search and seizure decisions.
Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea: Introduction: the twists and turns of difference

This book is our telling of the ways that class inequalities in contemporary Papua New Guinea have been convincingly, and with telling effect, told. It is about the contexts and processes, both “traditional” and “modernist,” within which many relatively affluent Papua New Guineans were conveying to whole categories of their countrymen that the latter lacked viable or legitimate claims on significant resources. It is about how it has become both possible and plausible for these relatively affluent “nationals” – even those living in rather modest urban centers like Wewak, the capital of the East Sepik Province and the fifth largest town in a Papua New Guinea of some 4 million people – to present themselves in an apparently diverse range of contexts to other Papua New Guineans (including members of their own cultural groups) as fundamentally superior. It is about how, by 1996 – scarcely two decades after the formal end of the era in which an Australian child could address a grown “native” man as “boy” – a Papua New Guinean physician could comfortably distinguish himself from others in his cultural group by calling them “bushy” and himself “civilized”; how Papua New Guinean members of Wewak's Rotary Club could remind each other not to invite countrymen of the “wrong” sort to their annual benefit auction; how a group of Papua New Guinean businesswomen could designate themselves as models of entrepreneurial success while implicitly blaming poor women for their own continuing impoverishment; how a Papua New Guinean store owner could snap his fingers at his golf caddies so that they would move with more alacrity; how Papua New Guinean members of Wewak's golf and yacht clubs could congratulate themselves on the exclusivity of their organizations; how a Papua New Guinean politician could advise the rural poor that they should no longer aspire to the ownership of Toyota Land Cruisers — such as he, in fact, owned — but would have to content themselves with water buffaloes as the appropriate technology for their scaled-back futures; and how a Papua New Guinean national court judge could define the “ordinary” man as the well-educated, urban man.
Invariant theory of finite groups

Let C[x] denote the ring of polynomials with complex coefficients in n variables x = (x 1, x 2,…, x n). We are interested in studying polynomials which remain invariant under the action of a finite matrix group Г ⊂ GL(C n). The main result of this chapter is a collection of algorithms for finding a finite set {I 1, I 2,…, I m} of fundamental invariants which generate the invariant subring C[x]Г. These algorithms make use of the Molien series (Sect. 2.2) and the Cohen—Macaulay property (Sect. 2.3). In Sect. 2.4 we include a discussion of invariants of reflection groups, which is an important classical topic. Sections 2.6 and 2.7 are concerned with applications and special cases.
Martial theology in glass

Memorial stained glass at a Cambridgeshire parish church displays a retributive, quasi-Deuteronomic theology of war. Consistent with contemporary ecclesiastical attitudes, martial images depict ‘ap...
Predicting ENR Construction Cost Index Using Machine-Learning Algorithms

ABSTRACTConstruction Cost Index (CCI) is calculated monthly and published by Engineering News-Record (ENR). CCI is utilized for capital project budgeting and construction cost estimation, especially in cases where mid- and long-term forecasts are needed. Accurate prediction of CCI helps avoid underestimating and overestimating project costs but the current prevailing time series prediction models do not show promising results, especially in mid- and long-term forecasting. The capability of two machine-learning algorithms, k nearest neighbor (k-NN) and perfect random tree ensembles (PERT), are utilized to enhance CCI forecasting, especially in the mid- and long-term. The proposed machine-learning algorithms are able to significantly enhance the predictability of forecasting CCI in all the scenarios, short-, mid-, and long-term. Data from January 1985 to December 2014 is collected from ENR and bureau of labor statistics to conduct empirical studies and quantitatively measure the performance of the proposed ...
TCT-21 Door-to-ECMO before Door-to-Balloon? Early Implementation of ECMO might improve the Survival of Patients with STEMI Complicated by Refractory Cardiogenic Shock

Refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS) represents the extremely-ill patients with STEMI, whose mortality rate was >60%. Despite the efforts to decrease door-to-balloon (D2B) time in the past decade, recent studies reported little progress on mortality of these patients. Meanwhile, early mechanical
A Mixed Brood Following Usurpation of a Carolina Chickadee Nest by Tree Swallows

Abstract Naturally occurring mixed species broods are uncommon but can occur due to nest parasitism, and in rare cases, due to usurpation. We report on a mixed brood resulting from a pair of Tree Swallows usurping a Carolina Chickadee nest. The chickadee nest was constructed in a nest box, and 1 egg was laid prior to usurpation. This egg, in addition to the clutch of swallow eggs, was incubated, hatched, and fed by the adult swallows. The chickadee nestling grew and appeared to be healthy at 6–7 days of age, but was approximately 50% smaller than its nest mates at that time. The chickadee died after 8 days, most likely due to starvation. The remaining Tree Swallow nestlings were reared to fledging by the adults.
Improving the error-floor performance of binary half-product codes

Recently, a new type of product-like codes, known as half-product codes, has been studied for OTN applications. Binary half-product codes show excellent bit-error-rate performance under iterative hard-decision decoding in the waterfall region. To further improve the performance in the error floor region, a novel post-processor algorithm is proposed that relies on conditional bit flipping. For a class of important practical half-product codes, the error floor after post-processing is characterized.
‘Night is conceded to the dead’: Revenant Congregations in the Middle Ages

How did medieval natural philosophers, theologians and folktales categorize the dead who were reported to act in lifelike ways – ghosts, revenants, saints or revivified human beings? Death was widely understood to be a lingering process, rather than a swift transition. Yet explanations for how and why a person, though dead, might nonetheless display agency or power varied widely amongst different social groups and their associated epistemologies. The essay explores medical definitions of vitality and mortality, and the struggle to define death; theologians’ desire to separate the theology of the resurrection from contemporary tales of revivification and their consequent recourse to demonic intervention as a heuristic device; the widespread notion that ‘bad’ deaths would lead to an evil return of the deceased; and folktales about peaceful groups of the dead living in community. Beliefs about the dead occupied an interstitial position in the society of the Middle Ages: few mortuary beliefs or practices were defined as heretical or actively suppressed. Hence beliefs about the dead were left as an open field of interpretation and debate.
A Primer on Biodynamics and Gene Expression

The most crucial element in scientific research is hypothesis testing. An hypothesis may be defined as “a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences.” An hypothesis must be stated in reference to a specific conceptual model that can be demonstrated to be false, if that is the outcome of a test. Before scientists ever begin an experiment, they review current information that pertains to a system of interest, and ask whether important gaps in knowledge exist. In this process, they are creating a mental model of a system, which is not merely an abstraction. To a new investigator, choosing a research topic in a highly competitive research environment is the most important career decision imaginable. The importance of simulation relative to this process is that the models can be created as system diagrams that actually function to produce numerical predictions concerning behavior. Even though the data are in a sense imaginary, there are practical applications for this ability. I have received at least one federal grant in which simulation was used in the grant application to explain an important concept to the review panel. The technique can also be used to generate system diagrams and data for seminars.
Lysophospholipids and Their Receptors Serve as Conditional DAMPs and DAMP Receptors in Tissue Oxidative and Inflammatory Injury

Abstract Significance: We proposed lysophospholipids (LPLs) and LPL-G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as conditional danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and conditional DAMP receptors as a paradigm shift to the widely accepted classical DAMP and DAMP receptor model. Recent Advances: The aberrant levels of LPLs and GPCRs activate pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways, trigger innate immune response, and lead to tissue oxidative and inflammatory injury. Critical Issues: Classical DAMP model specifies only the endogenous metabolites that are released from damaged/dying cells as DAMPs, but fails to identify elevated endogenous metabolites secreted from viable/live cells during pathologies as DAMPs. The current classification of DAMPs also fails to clarify the following concerns: (i) Are molecules, which bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the only DAMPs contributing to inflammation and tissue injury? (ii) Are all DAMPs acting only via classical PRRs during cellular stress? To answ...
An Unnamed Intersection: Where Computing Meets Liberal Arts

We can all agree that undergraduates are digitally savvy. They are constantly connected to newly developed technologies and are early adopters of new forms of digital communication. That, though, does not mean they understand how and why these tools work. They lack the understanding of how computing has changed the way we communicate and how it has impacted the tools we use every day. It seems appropriate that this type of education find its way into a liberal arts education. But what do we call it? If computing is about algorithmic thinking and using code to develop programs, then how do we define the type of work going on in our liberal arts classrooms? Have we developed a new area of coursework where the liberal arts and computing intersect that is crucial for undergraduates to possess as they enter the workforce? To help find natural intersections in the disciplines, a group of faculty with support from key administrators at Keuka College, a liberal arts college in the Western New York Finger Lakes region, have developed a campus-wide initiative called Digital Learning @ Keuka College (DL@KC). The initiative, which launched in 2013, includes a minor in Digital Studies, which focus on preparing young people to develop a wider set of digital literacy skills to ensure they can understand, analyze, and evaluate the messages they encounter daily and effectively utilize digital tools to design and distribute their own messages in the classroom and, ultimately, in the workplace.
The stability of the Islamic State (IS) narrative: implications for the future

AbstractQuantitative analysis of IS thought leader discourse is used to examine the extent to which the IS narrative has changed throughout its history, and the degree to which it has been similar to the rhetoric of other extremist organizations. The IS narrative has remained remarkably stable, indicating an ideological commitment to the narrative by its propagandists. Furthermore, the narrative has worked well for IS as a recruiting and inspirational tool. Therefore, their core narrative is predicted to remain stable, despite future manifestations of the organization. This stability has implications for how the narrative can be countered and the need for credible allies in that effort.
Brayley, R. E., & McLean, D. D. (2008). Financial Resource Management: Sport, Tourism and Leisure Services

(2009). Brayley, R. E., & McLean, D. D. (2008). Financial Resource Management: Sport, Tourism and Leisure Services. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 173-174.
Early spanish fashion journals for women as catalysts of afrancesamiento and female subordination

Este trabajo comenta el doble efecto del afrancesamiento en la sociedad espanola a traves de dos revistas de moda espanolas para mujeres—el ‘Periodico de las Damas’ y ‘Correo de las Damas’. El afrancesamiento fue un fenomeno altamente perjudicial y peligroso para la identidad nacional espanola, pero tambien una herramienta beneficiosa para la preservacion del ideal de domesticidad y el papel limitado de la mujer. En el articulo discutimos como la moda francesa, propagada a traves de estas revistas, creo una apariencia de progreso y emancipacion para las mujeres espanolas, al tiempo que hacia aun mas dificil su posicion social y domestica: ademas de la expectativa de ser madres perfectas y los angeles del hogar, se esperaba que las mujeres fueran epitomes de elegancia y nobleza, como sus modelos franceses, cuando asistian a eventos publicos con sus esposos. Con tales ideales, imposibles de satisfacer, la emancipacion femenina real estaba condenada al fracaso.
SHORT-DURATION SHOCK INITIATION OF TRIAMINOTRINITROBENZENE (TATB)

The explosive-wedge technique and explosively generated sustained and short-duration shocks were used to study the effects of both particle size and initial temperature on the initiation of TATB. The explosives studied were a 1.89-g/cm3 plastic-bonded material (95% TATB/5% Kel F) and a 1.8-g/cm3 (7% porous) pure TATB with three different particle-size distributions for each material in the range of 1 to 80 μm. Initial sample temperatures ranged from 218 to 293 K. Sustained-shock experiments showed a strong initial temperature effect, but only the smallest particle size, pure TATB showed a distinct particle-size effect. Short-duration-shock experiments showed both a strong particle-size and strong initial-temperature effect.
Systems for 3D display in medical imaging

Three-dimensional display can be accomplished by simulating either of the two means of three-dimensional presentation in nature: reflection from object surfaces and self-luminous objects. Both forms of display benefit significantly from real-time interaction.
Need-Based Financing Policies, College Decision-Making, and Labor Market Behavior

Designing an effective framework for financing higher education is a major issue facing policymakers in developed and developing countries. While we have a good understanding of how college financing options affect students college outcomes in developed countries, less is known about the impact of these programs in developing countries. In general, not much work has been done on how need-based financing programs alter students work-study trade-off and their labor market outcomes after college. In this paper, I employ several quasi-experimental designs and novel administrative data from Jamaica to estimate the effect of need-based grants and student-loan financing on students' college outcomes and labor market behavior during college and in the early years after college. The results indicate that the students who benefited from either program had a higher GPA, graduated at higher rates and were more likely to remain in college beyond their third year. While both programs induce treated students to reduce labor market engagement during college, I found that they affected annual earnings differently in the early years after expected graduation.
Gun Identification Using Tensorflow

Automatic video surveillance can assist security personnel in the identification of threats. Generally, security personnel are monitoring multiple monitors and a system that would send an alert or warning could give the personnel extra time to scrutinize if a person is carrying a firearm. In this paper, we utilize Google’s Tensorflow API to create a digital framework that will identify handguns in real time video. By utilizing the MobileNetV1 Neural Network algorithm, our system is trained to identify handguns in various orientations, shapes, and sizes, then the intelligent gun identification system will automatically interpret if the subject is carrying a gun or other objects. Our experiments show the efficiency of implemented intelligent gun identification system.
3D Documentation and Visualization of the Forum Romanum

Documenting large scale sites like the Roman Forum, in Rome, Italy can become a mammoth task. While there is a set methodology for traditional documentation of large sites, as the one developed by Giacomo Boni in the early 1900’s, there is very little standardization in the field of digital documentation and cataloguing or making the digital data user friendly for various purposes of conservation of large site. This paper presents the methodology and techniques used by the University of Notre Dame School of Architecture DHARMA team to digitally document for the first time the Forum Romanum, Rome, Italy between 2010 till 2015.
Effervescent agents in acute esophageal food impaction.

Acute esophageal food impaction (AEFI) occurs frequently. Few data are published describing the use of effervescent agents (EAs) for treatment of AEFI. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, cost, and safety of EAs in the treatment of AEFI. We retrospectively identified patients aged 18 years and older who were seen in the emergency department of 2 hospitals in 1 metropolitan area from January 1, 2011, through April 4, 2016, who had a clinical diagnosis of AEFI. We collected and analyzed data on outcomes and cost associated with the use of EAs, glucagon, and no pharmacologic therapy. During the study period, 239 patients with AEFI met the inclusion criteria. Of the 45 patients who received EA monotherapy, 25 (55.6%) responded successfully, compared with 11 of 62 (17.7%) who received glucagon monotherapy (P < .001) and 16 of 93 (17.2%) who had no therapy (P < .001). Ten of 39 patients (25.6%) who were given both glucagon and EA responded successfully. The other 177 patients had endoscopy, which was successful in all cases. Median hospitalization charges for patients who responded successfully to EA alone were $1,136, compared with $2,602 for responders to glucagon alone (P < .001) and $1,194 for those who cleared their bolus spontaneously (P < .001). All patients who received EA monotherapy had lower median hospitalization costs ($2,384) than all patients who received glucagon monotherapy ($9,289; P = .03) and all patients who received neither ($8,386; P = .02). Effervescent agents are a safe, effective, and cost-saving initial strategy in the treatment of acute esophageal food impaction.
Early hMSC morphology and proliferation on model polyelectrolyte multilayers.

Abstract Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are a category of materials commonly used as coatings on surfaces that interact with cells. The properties of PEMs have been established to be controlled by not only polyelectrolyte choice, but by the identity of the initially applied (bottom) layer. In this work, 5-bilayer PEMs consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were coated on gold-sputtered quartz substrates with different first layer materials. A final poly- l -lysine (PLL) layer was added to all PEMs to provide identical top layers conducive to cell growth. As in previous work, initial layer selection affected PEM roughness. All coated surfaces, including the PLL-only control, showed increased dispersive surface energy but decreased polar surface energy, as compared to uncoated surfaces. When human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these surfaces, analysis through lateral cell imaging for the first 90 min and fluorescent staining after 1 day showed improved attachment on surfaces with a PDADMAC bottom layer. However, after 4 days, a higher cell density was observed on the PLL-only and uncoated control surfaces, indicating that the PEMs negatively affected hMSC proliferation. Both the long and short time period results did not correlate to any of the roughness and surface energy trends, indicating more complex interactions between the cells and the surface relating to charge distribution and functional group density.
Fifteen Minutes of Infamy: Privileged Reporting and the Problem of Perpetual Reputational Harm

This Article provides an overview of the labyrinth of media tort defenses, specifically the four privileges – fair comment, fair report, neutral reportage, and wire service – that come into play when the media republish defamatory content about criminal suspects and defendants without specific intent to injure. The Article then discusses these privileges in light of a hypothetical case involving a highly publicized crime and an indicted suspect, against whom charges are later dropped, but who suffers perpetual reputational harm from the out-of-context republication online of news related to his indictment. The Article demonstrates how the four privileges would operate in defense of the online news republisher and how the fault lines of these privileges would be pressured to yield to liability in light of the unusual conditions in cyberspace in contrast with traditional media, and in light of how legal norms tend to codify the social norms of journalistic practice and ethics, and of readers’ expectations. The Article concludes by calling on the media to self-regulate, rather than be regulated by shifting legal norms. Specifically, the Article suggests that news media can renew their commitment to journalistic principles and head off top-down legal reform by taking greater responsibility for online content, and by minimizing the risk of unfair process and perpetual reputational harm to the subjects of news coverage through the use of tools, such as hyperlinks, to keep content updated.
Correlation of DSR Results and FTIR’s Carbonyl and Sulfoxide Indexes: Effect of Aging Temperature on Asphalt Rheology

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of different aging temperatures on the performance of asphalt binders through a comprehensive experimental procedure. Two kinds of asphalt binders with t...
Liquid chromatographic approaches to antibiotic residue analysis

Efficacy of liquid chromatography for analysis and concentration and clean up of antibiotic residues in sample extracts
Antipsychotics and the Risk of Mortality or Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Hospitalized Adults.

Objectives Prior studies in outpatient and long-term care settings demonstrated increased risk for sudden death with typical and atypical antipsychotics. To date, no studies have investigated this association in a general hospitalized population. We sought to evaluate the risk of death or nonfatal cardiopulmonary arrest in hospitalized adults exposed to antipsychotics. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Large academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants All hospitalizations between 2010 and 2016 were eligible for inclusion. We excluded those admitted directly to the intensive care unit (ICU), obstetric and gynecologic or psychiatric services, or with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. Intervention Typical and atypical antipsychotic administration, defined by pharmacy charges. Measurements The primary outcome was death or nonfatal cardiopulmonary arrest during hospitalization (composite). Results Of 150 948 hospitalizations in our cohort, there were 691 total events (515 deaths, 176 cardiopulmonary arrests). After controlling for comorbidities, ICU time, demographics, admission type, and other medication exposures, typical antipsychotics were associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.4; P = .02), whereas atypical antipsychotics were not (HR = 1.1; 95% CI = .8-1.4; P = .5). When focusing on adults age 65 years and older, however, both typical and atypical antipsychotics were associated with increased risk of death or cardiopulmonary arrest (HR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1-2.9; and HR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-2.0, respectively). Sensitivity analyses using a propensity score approach and a cohort of only patients with delirium both yielded similar results. Conclusion In hospitalized adults, typical antipsychotics were associated with increased mortality or cardiopulmonary arrest, whereas atypical antipsychotics were only associated with increased risk among adults age 65 years and older. Providers should be thoughtful when prescribing antipsychotic medications, especially to older adults in settings where data regarding benefit are lacking. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:544-550, 2020.
Identification and Description of Potentially Influential Social Network Members using the Strategic Player Approach

Background: Diffusion of innovations theory posits that ideas and behaviors can be spread through social network ties. In intervention work, intervening upon certain network members may lead to int...
SEIR-Campus: Modeling Infectious Diseases on University Campuses

We introduce a Python package for modeling and studying the spread of infectious diseases using an agent-based SEIR style epidemiological model with a focus on university campuses. This document explains the epidemiological model used in the package and gives examples highlighting the ways that the package can be used.
Housing insecurity and sleep among welfare recipients in California.

Study objectives To estimate the effect of housing insecurity on sleep duration and sleep quality. Methods Using longitudinal data from a sample of 1,046 welfare recipients in the state of California followed from 2015-2016 through 2017-2018, we regressed self-reported measures of sleep duration and sleep quality recorded in 2017-2018 on experiences of housing insecurity in the prior year. We applied propensity score weights to attenuate potential bias from an array of observed covariates, including sleep duration and sleep quality measured prior to experiences with housing insecurity. Results Sample members who were unable to make their rent/mortgage payments slept on average 22 fewer minutes a night and had lower quality sleep than those who were able to make their rent/mortgage payments. Sample members who were forced to move because of an inability to make rent/mortgage payments slept on average 32 fewer minutes a night and had lower quality sleep than those who were not forced to move. Conclusions By compromising sleep health, housing insecurity represents a distinct form of stress in the lives of economically-disadvantaged adults, which could also contribute to other health disparities.
Polarization-dependent holography with metasurfaces

Metasurfaces may be structured with anisotropic constituent elements, leading to form birefringence. In recent years, these devices have enabled a variety of new polarization-dependent optical elements. The most general of these are holograms; a wide variety of polarization-dependent holograms have been demonstrated with metasurfaces, including those that can be switched by an arbitrarily specified basis of (in general) elliptical polarization states. In this presentation, we will thoroughly review work of this nature. In doing so, we will show that the design freedom afforded by form-birefringent metasurfaces to produce polarization-dependent holograms has not been fully exploited: metasurfaces may be used to produce what we dub “Jones matrix holograms”, in which the polarization response is not limited to an orthogonal basis of polarization states. Examples of these are shown.
The critical awakening of a pre-service teacher in a Spanish graduate program: a phenomenology of translanguaging as pedagogy and as content

This 2-year case study is a phenomenology of belief-change resulting from a specific curricular re-configuration. It follows Alvaro, a Master of Arts in Teaching Spanish student, from the first wee...
Correlation of alterations in the KEAP1/CUL3/NFE2L2 pathway with radiation failure in larynx squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives Patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) often fail radiation therapy (RT), when received as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment modalities. Mechanisms for RT failure are poorly understood. We hypothesized that tumors failing RT would have increased rates of somatic mutations in genes associated with radiation resistance, particularly in genes associated with the NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway. Using targeted exome sequencing on pretreated LSCC tumors, we retrospectively compared somatic mutation profile with clinical data and response to treatment. Methods Tumors were classified as either radiation-resistant (RR) or radiation-sensitive (RS). RR was defined as persistent or recurrent disease within 2 years of receiving full-dose RT. Early stage (ES) LSCC was defined as Stage I or II tumors without lymph node involvement. Eight genes associated with radiation resistance were prioritized for analysis. RT-qPCR was performed on five NFE2L2 pathway genes. Results Twenty LSCC tumors were included and classified as either RR (n = 8) or RS (n = 12). No differences in individual rates of somatic mutations by genes associated with radiation resistance were identified. Higher rates of total mutational burden (TMB) and increased alterations associated with the NFE2L2 pathway was observed in RR vs RS tumors (P < .05). In an analysis of only ES-LSCC patients (RR, n = 3 and RS, n = 3), RR tumors had increased NFE2L2 somatic pathway mutations (P = .014) and increased NQO1 mRNA expression (P = .05). Conclusion Increased TMB and NFE2L2 pathway alterations were associated with radiation resistance in LSCC. NQO1 mRNA expression may serve as a biomarker for RT response in ES-LSCC.Level of Evidence: II1.
The Four-Day School Week: Impact on Student Academic Performance

Although the four-day school week originated in 1936, it was not widely implemented until 1973 when there was a need to conserve energy and reduce operating costs. This study investigated how achievement tests scores of schools with a four-day school week compared with schools with a traditional five-day school week. The study focused on student performance in Colorado where 62 school districts operated a four-day school week. The results of the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) were utilized to examine student performance in reading, writing, and mathematics in grades 3 through 10. While the mean test scores for five-day week schools exceeded those of four-day week schools in 11 of the 12 test comparisons, the differences were slight, with only one area revealing a statistically significant difference. This study concludes that decisions to change to the four-day week should be for reasons other than student academic performance.
Studying tmRNA-mediated surveillance and nonstop mRNA decay.

Abstract In bacteria, ribosomes stalled at the 3′‐end of nonstop or defective mRNAs are rescued by the action of a specialized ribonucleoprotein complex composed of tmRNA and SmpB protein in a process known as trans‐translation; for recent reviews see Dulebohn et al. [2007], Keiler [2007], and Moore and Sauer [2007]. tmRNA is a bifunctional RNA that acts as both a tRNA and an mRNA. SmpB‐bound tmRNA is charged with alanine by alanyl‐tRNA synthetase and recognized by EF‐Tu (GTP). The quaternary complex of tmRNA‐SmpB‐EF‐Tu and GTP recognizes stalled ribosomes and transfers the nascent polypeptide to the tRNA‐like domain of tmRNA. A specialized reading frame within tmRNA is then engaged as a surrogate mRNA to append a 10 amino acid (ANDENYALAA) tag to the C‐terminus of the nascent polypeptide. A stop codon at the end of the tmRNA reading frame then facilitates normal termination and recycling of the translation machinery. Through this surveillance mechanism, stalled ribosomes are rescued, and nascent polypeptides bearing the C‐terminal tmRNA‐tag are directed for proteolysis. Several proteases (ClpXP, ClpAP, Lon, FtsH, and Tsp) are known to be involved in the degradation of tmRNA‐tagged proteins (Choy et al., 2007; Farrell et al., 2005; Gottesman et al., 1998; Herman et al., 1998, 2003; Keiler et al., 1996). In addition to its ribosome rescue and peptide tagging activities, trans‐translation also facilitates the selective decay of nonstop mRNAs in a process that is dependent on the activities of SmpB protein, tmRNA, and the 3′ to 5′‐exonuclease, RNase R (Mehta et al., 2006; Richards et al., 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2003). Here, we describe methods and strategies for the purification of tmRNA, SmpB, Lon, and RNase R from Escherichia coli that are likely to be applicable to other bacterial species. Protocols for the purification of the Clp proteases, Tsp, and FtsH, as well as EF‐Tu and other essential E. coli translation factors may be found elsewhere (Joshi et al., 2003; Kihara et al., 1996; Makino et al., 1999; Maurizi et al., 1990; Shotland et al., 2000). In addition, we present biochemical and genetic assays to study the various aspects of the trans‐translation mechanism.
Identification and Characterization of βV Spectrin, a Mammalian Ortholog of Drosophila βHSpectrin

Abstract Four mammalian β-spectrin genes are currently recognized, all encode proteins of ≈240–280,000M r and display 17 triple helical homologous ≈106-residue repeat units. In Drosophila andCaenorhabditis elegans, a variant β spectrin with unusual properties has been recognized. Termed β heavy (βH), this spectrin contains 30 spectrin repeats, has a molecular weight in excess of 400,000, and associates with the apical domain of polarized epithelia. We have cloned and characterized from a human retina cDNA library a mammalian ortholog of DrosophilaβH spectrin, and in accord with standard spectrin naming conventions we term this new mammalian spectrin β 5 (βV). The gene for human βV spectrin (HUBSPECV) is on chromosome 15q21. The 11,722-nucleotide cDNA of βV spectrin is generated from 68 exons and is predicted to encode a protein with a molecular weight of 416,960. Like its fly counterpart, the derived amino acid sequence of this unusual mammalian spectrin displays 30 spectrin repeats, a modestly conserved actin-binding domain, a conserved membrane association domain 1, a conserved self-association domain, and a pleckstrin homology domain near its COOH terminus. Its putative ankyrin-binding domain is poorly conserved and may be inactive. These structural features suggest that βV spectrin is likely to form heterodimers and oligomers with α spectrin and to interact directly with cellular membranes. Unlike its Drosophila ortholog, βV spectrin does not contain an SH3 domain but displays in repeat 5 a 45-residue insertion that displays 42% identity to amino acids 85–115 of the E4 protein of type 75 human papilloma virus. Human βV spectrin is expressed at low levels in many tissues. By indirect immunofluorescence, it is detected prominently in the outer segments of photoreceptor rods and cones and in the basolateral membrane and cytosol of gastric epithelial cells. Unlike its Drosophilaortholog, a distinct apical distribution of βV spectrin is inapparent in the epithelial cell populations examined, although it is confined to the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. The complete cDNA sequence of human βV spectrin is available from GenBankTM as accession number AF233523.
Into the Kazakh Steppe: John Castle's mission to Khan Abulkhayir (1736)

John Castle, an Anglo-Prussian adventurer who volunteered his service to the Russian throne, kept a diary (16–115) during his relatively short, relatively uneventful sojourn into the north-western ...
Cranial base surgery

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the use of the monitoring methods utilized during skull base surgery. It presents the specific aspects of neural and vascular monitoring that are very helpful during the surgical approach to the posterior, middle, anterior fossae, and craniocervical junction. The chapter discusses the relationships between the anatomical aspects of the surgical approach during skull base surgery, and the requirements for neurophysiological and cardiovascularmonitoring that should maximize the protection of the neural structures during the procedure. Many of the currently used electrophysiological techniques were described early on in the experimental setting. The chapter also reviews the difficulties inherent to the surgical manipulation and dissection when tumor pathology distorts the anatomical landmarks; however, even in situations when it is not the case. The positive correlation of neurophysiological monitoring and the long-term outcomes of skull base surgery has been reported consistently in the past 10 years and on the basis of those results is presently possible to counsel the patients in anticipation of the surgery, presenting the various surgical strategies and their outcome characteristics, as well as the modalities of neural monitoring to be utilized for the procedure.