cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Circadian variation in plasma corticosterone in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, and the effects of ACTH injections

Crocodilians are unique among the reptiles in that they lack a pineal gland. Since the pineal is believed to play a role in the regulation of photoperiodic control of circadian rhythms in activity and corticosterone secretion in vertebrates, plasma corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in samples collected over a 24-hr period from captive-reared, juvenile crocodilians (Alligator mississippiensis) held under a constant temperature but exposed to natural photoperiod. A clear biphasic rhythm in plasma corticosterone levels was observed, with a peak at 0800 hr and a second peak at 2000 hr, which corresponds to the biphasic activity cycle of this reptile. A single injection of 8 IU of mammalian ACTH into juvenile alligators resulted in a significant increase in corticosterone levels by 1 hr; hormone levels remained elevated for 24 hr, returning to baseline by 48 hr. Whereas handling and bleeding the alligators caused a significant increase in plasma corticosterone at 1, 4, and 24 hr, hormone levels in the ACTH-injected animals were significantly higher than the saline-injected controls at these times. Corticosterone levels in alligators range between 0.1 and 6 ng/ml as measured by RIA. These values are an order of magnitude lower than values previously reported for crocodilians.
Men Doing “Women’s Work”: Masculinity and Gender Relations Among Street Vendors in Maputo, Mozambique

Since Boserup (1970) first set the agenda for research on gender and work in developing settings several studies of sub-Saharan Africa have described how women can successfully compete with men in both rural and urban labor markets (e.g., Osirim 1996; Spring 2000) and how women’s increased participation in labor forces affect gender relations and family decisions (e.g., Adepoju and Oppong 1994). Most of this literature has been concerned with sub-Saharan women’s catching up to men in rates of labor force participation and entry into traditionally male occupations but has typically overlooked the opposite phenomenon— men’s work in traditionally female jobs. Yet studies in developed settings suggest that this phenomenon may have profound implication for gender identity and inequality. Thus Williams (1989, 1992, 1995) showed that men and women reproduce and maintain gender differences while participating in nontraditional occupations and that, reflecting the dominant gender hierarchy, this process is asymmetrical: while women entering traditionally male occupations are relegated to their margins, men involved in traditionally female occupations are, on the contrary, often channeled to the most prestigious and materially rewarding specialties that are also seen as more “masculine.” At the same time, men in traditionally female occupations, such as nursing, librarianship, elementary school teaching and social work, do become objects of negative “feminine” stereotypes on the part of clients and outsiders. The gender stigma attached to these occupations (in addition to lower material returns) may deter men from entering
Genomic instability in head and neck cancer patients.

Background In the normal host, there are a variety of cellular systems that ensure the accurate replication and repair of DNA. Recent evidence suggests that there are individual variations in the ability to preserve the genome. Certain individuals have defects in these checkpoints and have an inherent genomic instability. They are susceptible to the accumulation of DNA damage and are prone to carcinogenesis. This article examines the role of genomic instability in the development of head and neck cancer. Results Patients with either the chromosomal instability syndromes or the Li-Fraumeni syndrome have marked defects in either DNA repair or apoptosis. These patients are prone to have head and neck neoplasms develop. Head and neck cancer patients also have a diminished ability to repair DNA damage compared with the “normal” population. Abnormalities have been identified in mutagen sensitivity, the expression of DNA mismatch repair enzymes, the expression of p53, and telomerase activity when head and neck cancer patients are compared with controls. Conclusion Subpopulations exist who have increased genomic instability. These individuals are at an increased risk for the accumulation of DNA mutations and the development of head and neck cancer. More research is needed to identify specific mechanisms of genomic instability and to further define the importance of this phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 683–691, 2001.
A light pulser system for testing photomultiplier-based counter systems

Abstract A light pulser system is described which is intended for the testing of large particle detection systems which use photomultipliers. Scintillation and Cherenkov counter light pulses can be simulated, through adjustment of pulse amplitude and time constants. Individual light pulses can be turned on or off, thus allowing the detailed simulation of complex configuration to allow the testing of not only the detectors but also of any logic system using their outputs. Relative time stabilities of 170 ps (standard deviation) were achieved in a large system, while observed times using real particles were within ± 2 ns (1 ns standard deviation) of those predicted using the LED system.
The Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons by Nuclei

The cross section for the Coulomb scattering of relativistic electrons by atomic nuclei has been evaluated. The exact results obtained by Mott have been expanded in a power series in $\frac{Z}{137}$ where $Z$ is the nuclear charge, the coefficients depending principally on the angle of scattering. The coefficients have been evaluated numerically. The resultant cross sections, taken together with those evaluated previously by Bartlett and Watson for Hg, yield the cross section for all $Z$ to within 1 percent accuracy. A new approximate formula valid for $\frac{Z}{137}l0.2$ is obtained.
Investigating Quantum Mechanical Tunneling at the Nanoscale via Analogy: Development and Assessment of a Teaching Tool for Upper-Division Chemistry

We report a novel educational activity designed to teach quantum mechanical tunneling to upper-division undergraduate students in the context of nanochemistry. The activity is based on a theoretical framework for analogy and is split into three parts that are linked pedagogically through the framework: classical ball-and-ramp system, tunneling involving a familiar substance (NH3 inversion), and tunneling in core/shell quantum dots. Students first begin in the classical world—the world within which they are most familiar, explore tunneling in the NH3 inversion paradigm to gain exposure to the stark differences between classical and quantum behavior, and finally extend the concept of tunneling to the nanoscale through the examination of spectroscopic results in the literature of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots. Additionally, the activity has been assessed via a mixed-methods approach using qualitative analysis of individual student interviews (pre- and postactivity) and recordings of students’ group discou...
Legitimacy and Justice Perceptions

Consistent with the theoretical argument of Hegtvedt and Johnson, we empirically examine the relationship between collectivity-generated legitimacy of reward procedures and individual-level justice perceptions about reward distributions. Using data from a natural setting, we find that collectivity sources of validity (authorization and endorsement) exert positive effects on individual-level justice perceptions as predicted by Hegtvedt and Johnson, but that this influence is entirely indirect through the individual's perception of procedural justice. These effects are found net of self-interest and net of other job-related sources of support from the collectivity.
Contrast radiography in mitral regurgitation

Summary Angiocardiography has been demonstrated to be a useful supplement to left heart catheterization in the study of mitral valve disease. Angiocardiography appears to be a sensitive method of detecting mitral regurgitation. The characteristic cineangiocardiographic features of mitral regurgitation have been described.
Histamine-releasing factors and inhibitory factors.

Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (MNC) synthesize several histamine-releasing factors (HRF) spontaneously and when stimulated. Some of the characterized cytokines have histamine-releasing activity,
Microstructural effects of embedding optical fibers in polymer-matrix composites

An aerospace structural material with an intrinsic sensor system for monitoring characteristics such as temperature or strain has been the goal of many of today's research efforts. However, the anticipated anisotropy and interfacial conditions introduced by embedding sensors has traditionally resulted in conservative acceptance of smart materials. The present study has addressed the question of whether the addition of an embedded silica optical fiber compromises the mechanical properties of a polymer matrix composite. Three novel surface and subsurface imaging methods that may answer this question are presented which include scanning electron acoustic microscopy, scanning acoustic microscopy and strain stage electron microscopy. They have been found to have a realistic potential for applications such as imaging microstructural residual stress fields, mapping changes in elastic moduli across the fiber-matrix interface and micron-level observation of defect formation in real-time. The theory of each technique is discussed and preliminary results are presented.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transient electrohydrodynamics of a liquid drop.

The transient behavior of a leaky dielectric liquid drop under a uniform electric field of small strength is investigated. It is shown that for small distortion from a spherical shape, the drop deforms to an ellipsoid, and the deformation time history is represented by $\mathcal{D}={\mathcal{D}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}[1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}t/\ensuremath{\tau})]$, where ${\mathcal{D}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ is the steady-state deformation and $\ensuremath{\tau}=(a{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{o}/\ensuremath{\gamma})(19\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}+16)(2\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}+3)/(40\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}+40)$is the characteristic time, $a$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{o}$ and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ being the drop radius, the surface tension, the viscosity of ambient fluid, and ratio of the drop viscosity to that of the ambient fluid, respectively. The contributions of the net normal and tangential electrical stresses in the degree of deformation and fluid flow strength are also determined.
Uniform shell modeling of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays

Vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays (VA-MWCNTs) are novel carbon nanomaterials that have broader applications than individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This paper presents the uniform shell modeling of VA-MWCNTs which allow effectively design and characterize these complex materials. Multi-walled nanotubes in the arrays are approximated as equivalent single-walled CNTs and modeled with shell elements. The stiffness and Young's modulus obtained from the equivalent thickness method are comparable to those obtained from the modeling of actual multi-wall structures, but at much efficient computational efforts. VA-MWCNTs have also been designed at various architectures (square, FCC) and areal densities, and the resultant mechanical properties are analyzed.
Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy of Microperoxidase-8

Microperoxidase-8 (MP8) is the heme octapeptide derived from enzymatic proteolysis of horse-heart cytochrome c. Not only is MP8 a functional peroxidase (it catalyzes the oxidation of various substrates by hydrogen peroxide), it has also served as a useful calibration for the interpretation of the electronic spectroscopic properties of heme proteins. NMR structural characterization of MP8 has been difficult, owing to extensive aggregation at millimolar concentrations. We have obtained well-resolved 1H and 13C NMR spectra of monomeric ferric MP8-CN in mixed aqueous−organic solvent mixtures containing excess cyanide. Most peptide resonances were assigned by through-bond correlations using TOCSY spectra; heme resonances were identified largely by through-space correlations using NOESY spectra. HMQC spectra were interpreted with the aid of proton assignments to identify 13C resonances. Most peptide resonances appear within the diamagnetic region and are very sharp, the exceptions being resonances associated wi...
dl- and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid: In vitro and in vivo studies with sodium arsenite

Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been receiving increasing interest as an antidote for poisoning by heavy metals. Of the various isomeric forms, meso-DMSA has been studied most extensively because its preparation and purification are relatively easy. Using a variety of in vitro and in vivo procedures, we have investigated and compared DL- and meso-DMSA as antidotes for sodium arsenite. The two forms of DMSA are equally effective in preventing or reversing, in vitro, the arsenite inhibition of the activity of mouse kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, DL-DMSA, however, is superior to meso-DMSA for the in vivo reversal of PDH activity as measured in vitro. The LD50 values of DL- and meso-DMSA in the mouse were 10.84 and 13.73 mmol/kg, ip, respectively. The ED50 values of the two DMSA forms were not significantly different in mice receiving a LD99 dose of sodium arsenite. DL- and meso-DMSA were equally effective in mobilizing tissue 74As of rabbits. The activity of DMSA as an arsenic antidote appeared to be independent of its isomeric structural configuration. There did not appear to be any great advantage in using DL-DMSA instead of meso-DMSA as an arsenic antidote.
Psychologic Aspects of Breast Cancer: Review of the Literature

A review of the nursing and medical literature as relates to the psychologic aspects of breast cancer is offered. Topics such as psychologic antecedents to breast cancer, women's attitudes, the hospitalization experience, rehabilitation, and professional intervention are explored; and some of the psychologic effects of breast cancer and its therapies are discussed. Also, suggestions are made for future studies.
Trends in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units—United States, 1990–2007

Background. Over the past 2 decades, multiple interventions have been developed to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The CAUTI prevention guidelines of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee were recently revised.Objective. To examine changes in rates of CAUTI events in adult intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States from 1990 through 2007.Methods. Data were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System from 1990 through 2004 and the National Healthcare Safety Network from 2006 through 2007. Infection preventionists in participating hospitals used standard methods to identify all CAUTI events (categorized as symptomatic urinary tract infection [SUTI] or asymptomatic bacteriuria [ASB]) and urinary catheter–days (UC-days) in months selected for surveillance. Data from all facilities were aggregated to calculate pooled mean annual SUTI and ASB rates (in events per 1,000...
Crassulacean acid metabolism influences D/H ratio of leaf wax in succulent plants

This study sought to characterize hydrogen isotopic fractionation during biosynthesis of leaf wax nalkanes in succulent plants capable of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). The metabolic and physiological features of CAM represent crucial strategies for survival in hot and dry climates and have been hypothesized to impact hydrogen isotope fractionation. We measured the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions (d 13 C and dD, respectively) of individual n-alkanes in 20 species of succulent plants from a global collection of the Huntington Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California. Greenhouse conditions and irrigation with water of constant dD value enabled determination of interspecies differences in net D/H fractionation between source water and leaf wax products. Carbon isotope ratios provide constraints on the extent of CAM vs. C3 photosynthesis and indicate a wide range of CAM use, with d 13 C val
Correlation between the high expression of C/EBPβ protein in F442A cells and their relative resistance to antiadipogenic action of TCDD in comparison to 3T3‐L1 cells

We compared the ability of two clonally derived murine preadipocyte cell lines, 3T3-L1(L1) and 3T3-F442A (F442A), to differentiate after treatment by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and found that the former cell line was clearly suppressed by TCDD but the latter was not. It was initially postulated that the easiest way to explain the lack of response to TCDD in F442A cells could be an alteration in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functionality. This hypothesis was tested first, but no differences were found in the levels or functions of AhR. To find an alternate explanation for such a differential effect of TCDD, we tested the action of several diagnostic agents on the process of adipocyte differentiation of these two cells. No differences were found between these two lines of cells in the susceptibility to the antiadipogenic action of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or to TNFalpha, indicating that the basic biochemical components engaged in the antiadipogenic actions of these agents in these two cell lines are similar. In contrast, F442A cells were found to be more resistant to the antiadipogenic action of EGF or TGFbeta than L1 cells which were tested side by side. Based on the knowledge that TNFalpha preferentially affects C/EBPalpha and that TGFbeta specifically controls C/EBPbeta and delta in their antiadipogenic action, we hypothesized that the major cause for the differential response of these two similar cell lines could be the insensitivity of C/EBPbeta and/or delta of F442A cells to the action of TCDD. We could obtain supporting data for this hypothesis, showing that in F442A cells, the level of C/EBPbeta is already high even before the addition of adipocyte differentiation factors and that TCDD did not cause any significant changes in the titer of C/EBPbeta.
New Communications Technologies Policy Issues for the Developing World

In the information society, the distinctions among countries that are "information rich" or "information poor" may be more important than other traditional indicators of development. This article examines problems faced by developing nations as they strive for access to, and control of, communications satellite technologies, and raises issues likely to recur as these and other communications tools play increasingly critical roles in development prospects.
Basic Biological Sciences Regulation of Tight Junctional Permeability in the Rat Parotid Gland by Autonomic Agonists

The permeability of tight junctions in the rat parotid gland to the ultrastructural tracer myoglobin (m.w. 17,800) was investigated after in vivo stimulation by autonomic drugs. At various times after administration of β-adrenergic (isoproterenol), α-adrenergic (methoxamine), or cholinergic (methacholine) agonists, the parotid duct was cannulated, and a solution of myoglobin was allowed to flow by gravity (16 mm Hg) into the gland for one hr. In resting glands, cytochemical reaction product for myoglobin was localized in the luminal space of acini and ducts. The tracer was also localized to the luminal space after stimulation with methacholine and methoxamine. In contrast, one to four hr after isoproterenol stimulation, reaction product was present in the intercellular and interstitial spaces of the gland. At later times after stimulation (from six to 24 hr), the tracer was again restricted to the luminal space of the acini and ducts. These results indicate that isoproterenol stimulation causes a transien...
A Low-Cost Anonymous Routing Protocol in MANETs

With the wide use of mobile devices in mobile ad hoc networks, maintaining anonymity is becoming an increasingly important issue. Existing routing algorithms either rely on hop- by-hop encryption or local broadcasting for anonymous routing, which lead to high overhead. We propose a low-cost anonymous routing algorithm, which can provide both source/destination and routing anonymity. It dynamically divides the network into hierarchical zones to obscure routing path and randomly chooses nodes as intermediate relay nodes. Therefore it splits routing path to multiple steps that contains no specific routing pattern. Furthermore, we present analysis of the ability of our algorithm to withstand certain attacks. Experiment results show that our algorithm trades some routing efficiency for anonymity, but gains better delivery rate than GPSR under short transmission range.
Sex differences in cortisol excretion during anticipation of a psychological stressor: possible support for the tend–and–befriend hypothesis

The present experiment tested the hypothesis that differential neuroendocrine elicitation is prompted by subjects' cognitive expectations of an anticipated stressor. Subjects making a ‘threat appraisal’ of an academic examination were predicted to have increased hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) activation, while activation was expected to be unchanged in subjects making a ‘challenge appraisal.’ Self-reported anxiety in relation to these variables was also examined. HPA activation was assessed by urinary cortisol at baseline (at least 1 week before the examination) and at pre-test (immediately before the examination). Contrary to the hypothesis, there was an unexpected sex × time interaction that was particularly robust in subjects making a challenge appraisal. Males in the challenge appraisal group had a significant increase in cortisol excretion from baseline to pre-test, with greater reported anxiety than the threat appraisal group. In contrast, females had a decrease in cortisol excretion that was significant for only the challenge appraisal group, although reported anxiety between the challenge and threat groups was not different. Results may support the recent proposition that the female stress response has evolved differently than that of males, or they may reflect sex differences in production of corticosteroid-binding globulin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of novel conformationally restricted HIV protease inhibitors

A set of HIV protease inhibitors represented by compound 2 has previously been described. Structural and conformational analysis of this compound suggested that conformational restriction of the P1/P2 portion of the molecule could lead to a novel set of potent protease inhibitors. Thus, probe compounds 3-7 were designed, synthesized, and found to be potent inhibitors of HIV protease.
Otosclerosis and otospongiosis: clinical and histological comparisons

The simultaneous occurrence of otosclerosis and otospongiosis in the same lesion is well documented. The logical sequence of events would seem to be softening and destruction of the bone by the otospongiotic lesion, which is subsequently converted to otosclerosis. Examination of 46 temporal bones has led us to further classify the lesion as: 1. an active lesion, both otospongiotic and otosclerotic, 2. an inactive lesion, also both otosclerotic and otospongiotic, or 3. a fibrous lesion. Hyalinization of the spiral ligament only occurs adjacent to active otospongiotic or very large otosclerotic lesions. If the lesion adjacent to the spiral ligament is inactive, there is no hyalinization. It seems illogical that a hyalinized spiral ligament will return to normal when the lesion changes from active otospongiosis to inactive otosclerosis. Otospongiotic and otosclerotic lesions are found side by side at the periphery of lesions, and both are adjacent to normal bone. These findings have implications concerning the mode of action of sodium fluoride and other medications that are under evaluation for the control of the sensorineural hearing loss due to otosclerosis.
Maximizing Serviceability of a Ring-Bus Power System in an Spacecraft by Implementing Multiple Objectives

Different from most power systems, the requirement for reliability of the power system on board a spacecraft is much more stringent. However, the reliability of the spacecraft power system can not be solely realized by increasing system redundancies due to limitations on mass. A ring-bus topology has been proposed for this purpose. This paper provides an analysis to this special topology, study selected critical possible failure scenarios and propose methods to maximize the serviceability of the system. A spacecraft power system is distinguished from most other system as it orbits around the earth. The primary source of the system is solar energy. Batteries save energy for ellipse time. To maximize the serviceability, the solar energy should be utilized most efficiently and the batteries should be strategically discharged to meet not only immediate load but anticipated load in the future. At the same time, the system should minimize current flows among different ring buses. Multiple objective functions are proposed and implemented in this paper based on different system operating conditions. The main goal is to maximize the serviceability of the system. The optimization result can be utilized to design controllers for the PV sources, loads and batteries. The proposed methods are tested on a ring-bus system. The testing result shows that the system can correctly determine its optimum operating strategy and corresponding control actions
Broad-band wavelength tunable picosecond pulses from CW passively mode-locked two-section multiple quantum-well lasers

Wavelength tunable CW (continuous-wave) passive mode-locking of a two-section quantum-well laser coupled to an external cavity is demonstrated. A tuning range of 26 nm is achieved with typical autocorrelation full widths at half maximum of 4.5 ps. The pulses are not transform limited, having a typical time-bandwidth product of 2.5. >
Crystal Structure of the Signal Sequence Binding Subunit of the Signal Recognition Particle

The crystal structure of the signal sequence binding subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP) from Thermus aquaticus reveals a deep groove bounded by a flexible loop and lined with side chains of conserved hydrophobic residues. The groove defines a flexible, hydrophobic environment that is likely to contribute to the structural plasticity necessary for SRP to bind signal sequences of different lengths and amino acid sequence. The structure also reveals a helix-turn-helix motif containing an arginine-rich alpha helix that is required for binding to SRP RNA and is implicated in forming the core of an extended RNA binding surface.
Hemodynamic consequences of neonatal polycythemia.

The hemodynamic consequences of neonatal polycythemic hyperviscosity and the effects of partial exchange transfusion were evaluated in 13 infants. Mean (±SD) venous hematocrit was 72%±2.5%. After partial exchange transfusion, whole blood viscosity at a shear rate of 11.5 sec −1 decreased from 16.2 to 8.4 centipoise. There were significant (P −1 . The greater increase in cutaneous blood flow (+80%) versus cardiac index (+32%) after exchange transfusion suggests hemodynamic compromise and a redistribution of blood flow away from organs that use little oxygen during polycythemia. Our data provide a possible basis for the symptoms of neonatal polycythemia, and demonstrate the acute hemodynamic benefits of partial exchange transfusion.
Multiple quantum well acousto-optic and electro-optic modulators

Electrooptic Bragg modulator structures are proposed using the enhancement of refractive index variation due to the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). The electrooptic effect enhanced by the QCSE in AlGaAs-GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) layers, is shown to result in high-performance Bragg modulators. A 100% diffraction efficiency at a wavelength of 0.885 mu m is shown to be achievable using a structure 200- mu m long with a loss of about 6 dB for an applied electric field in the range of 10/sup 5/ V/cm. >
A novice programmer's support environment

Abstract This paper presents a model of how programming knowledgecan be represented by five cognitive levels: lexical, syntactic,semantic, schematic, and conceptual. These levels are formedinto a network of knowledge that can be used to annotateexample programs for programming novices. The schematiclevel provides a new means by which semantics car-ibe added toexample programs for groups of statements, which collectivelyform programming plans. A hypertext environment whichlinks each token and program statement in an example programto detailed explanations of their lexical, syntactic, andsemantic significance is described. In addition, the schematiclevel provides a means of documenting the relationships ofgroups of program statements in a hierarchical fashion. 1 Introduction Students have difficulties learning how to program for a varietyof reasons. One reason appears to be that the pace of thepresentation of new information in the standardl instructionmodel is not under a student’s control. As a result, if the studentshould fall behind in his or her understanding of the materialbeing presented by the instructor, the likelihood is that he/shewill continue to fall further behind.A further observation is that textbooks, which can’t help butfollow the same pattern of presentation of material as theinstructors (or, perhaps, vice versa), suffer from the samedifficulty, especially as regards the use of example programs.
Non-static Collection Process of the electrostatic Precipitator

In order to describe non-static dust collection in electrostatic precipitator comprehensively and propose a non-static dust collection theory on it, the leading accumulation and release of the dust layer electronic charge on the collection plate was researched according to the electrostatic principle. The calculation equation of the dynamic dust collection electric-field intensity that changes with the dust layer thickness was deduced. Furthermore, the equation of the dynamic velocity of the charged particle could also be obtained. And finally, the non-static electrostatic dust collection theory was proposed. The results indicated that the particle velocity was related to many factors such as particle specific electric resistance, applied voltage and dust layer thickness during electrostatic dust collection process. The collection efficiency decreases with the increasing of the particle specific electric resistance. The collection efficiency can reach a maximum value when an optimal applied voltage is got. Multiple laboratory experiments were completed on many kinds of particles with different specific electric resistance. The experiment results obey to the theoretic results. The non-static dust collection theory could explain contradictive points between the actual electrostatic dust collection process and the traditional electrostatic dust collection theory and provided a scientific theoretical foundation for the design of the electrostatic precipitator and the decision of its operating parameters.
A Word-Order Database for Testing Computational Models of Language Acquisition

An investment of effort over the last two years has begun to produce a wealth of data concerning computational psycholinguistic models of syntax acquisition. The data is generated by running simulations on a recently completed database of word order patterns from over 3,000 abstract languages. This article presents the design of the database which contains sentence patterns, grammars and derivations that can be used to test acquisition models from widely divergent paradigms. The domain is generated from grammars that are linguistically motivated by current syntactic theory and the sentence patterns have been validated as psychologically/developmentally plausible by checking their frequency of occurrence in corpora of child-directed speech. A small case-study simulation is also presented.
Interactive retrieval based on faceted feedback

Motivated by the commonly used faceted search interface in e-commerce, this paper investigates interactive relevance feedback mechanism based on faceted document metadata. In this mechanism, the system recommends a group of document facet-value pairs, and lets users select relevant ones to restrict the returned documents. We propose four facet-value pair recommendation approaches and two retrieval models that incorporate user feedback on document facets. Evaluated based on user feedback collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk, our experimental results show that the Boolean filtering approach, which is widely used in faceted search in e-commerce, doesn't work well for text document retrieval, due to the incompleteness (low recall) of metadata assignment in semi-structured text documents. Instead, a soft model performs more effectively. The faceted feedback mechanism can also be combined with document-based relevance feedback and pseudo relevance feedback to further improve the retrieval performance.
Translational research: forging a new cultural identity.

Because the essence of one branch of translational research involves the integration of basic science and clinical medicine, there has been much focus on the importance of physician scientists, whose training provides them with an understanding of both disciplines.1,6– 10 The other branch of translational research, insuring that medical interventions of proven worth are applied correctly and consistently in clinical practice and in the community, is equally important and require the integration of clinical medicine with other disciplines. While this latter integration is also challenging, I will confine my comments to the interface between science and clinical medicine because my own career has been focused in this area. There has also been general recognition of the importance of shifting the translational effort from individuals to teams because multidisciplinary skills are required.10 The NIH has responded to the challenge by crafting new training and grant awards and developing a loan repayment program; this has culminated in the creation of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program, whose goal is to transform academic institutions and reengineer the clinical research enterprise (http://www.ctsaweb.org). It emphasizes the training of new investigators and the creation of optimal institutional environments for the conduct of translational research. Ultimately, NIH plans to fund 60 CTSAs, creating both local centers of excellence and a consortium to develop national standards. Metrics are being developed to assess the success of the CTSA program over the next several years, but it will require a much longer period of time to truly judge its ultimate impact, and there already is concern about whether it has sufficient resources to achieve its goals. Thus, this is a propitious time for us to analyze the unique features of translational research, searching for insights that can help guide the research and training efforts in CTSAs and more broadly throughout the academic health center community.
Syndrome of lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective: To describe the syndrome of lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treated with protease inhibitor ...
Radioisotopes as Applied to Diagnostic Hematology

(1971). Radioisotopes as Applied to Diagnostic Hematology. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 139-171.
Comparing the Impact of Course-Based and Apprentice-Based Research Experiences in a Life Science Laboratory Curriculum.

This four-year study describes the assessment of a bifurcated laboratory curriculum designed to provide upper-division undergraduate majors in two life science departments meaningful exposure to authentic research. The timing is critical as it provides a pathway for both directly admitted and transfer students to enter research. To fulfill their degree requirements, all majors complete one of two paths in the laboratory program. One path immerses students in scientific discovery experienced through team research projects (course-based undergraduate research experiences, or CUREs) and the other path through a mentored, independent research project (apprentice-based research experiences, or AREs). The bifurcated laboratory curriculum was structured using backwards design to help all students, irrespective of path, achieve specific learning outcomes. Over 1,000 undergraduates enrolled in the curriculum. Self-report survey results indicate that there were no significant differences in affective gains by path. Students conveyed which aspects of the curriculum were critical to their learning and development of research-oriented skills. Students’ interests in biology increased upon completion of the curriculum, inspiring a subset of CURE participants to subsequently pursue further research. A rubric-guided performance evaluation, employed to directly measure learning, revealed differences in learning gains for CURE versus ARE participants, with evidence suggesting a CURE can reduce the achievement gap between high-performing students and their peers.
Three new species and new records of chiggers (acari: Trombiculidae) from the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.

Eutrombicula conantae , n. sp., and Toritrombicula nihoaensis , n. sp., are described from specimens taken from the Nihoa Finch, Telespyza ultima , collected on Nihoa I, and new records are given for Neoschoengastia ewingi and Guntheria domrowi from Nihoa I. Neoschoengastia gettmani , n. sp., is described from specimens collected from nest material of the Laysan Albatross, Diomedea immutabilis , on Sand I, Midway Is.
Revisiting nitrate concentrations in the Des Moines River: 1945 and 1976-2001.

Recent compilations of historical and contemporary riverine nitrate (NO 3 ) concentrations indicate that concentrations in many rivers in the north-central USA increased during the second half of the 20th century. The Des Moines River near Des Moines, Iowa, however, was reported to have had similar NO 3 concentrations in 1945 and the 1980s, in spite of substantially greater N input to the watershed during the latter period. The objective of this study was to reconsider the comparison of historical and contemporary NO 3 concentrations in the Des Moines River near Des Moines in light of the following: (i) possible errors in the historical data used, (ii) variations in methods of sample collection, (iii) variations in location of sampling, and (iv) additional data collected since 1990. We discovered that an earlier study had compared the flow-weighted average concentration in 1945 to arithmetic annual average concentrations in the 1980s. The intertemporal comparison also appeared to be influenced by differences in sample collection methods and locations used at different times. Depending on the model used and the estimated effects of composite sample collection, the 1945 arithmetic average NO 3 concentration was between 44 and 57% of the expected mean value at a similar water yield during 1976-2001. The flow-weighted average NO 3 concentration for 1945 was between 54 and 73% of the expected mean value at a similar water yield during 1976-2001. The difference between NO 3 concentrations in 1945 and the contemporary period are larger than previously reported for the Des Moines River.
A Survey of Plutonium Characteristics as a Function of Age: The ARIES Sampling Program

A survey of a wide variety of plutonium samples from a large number of retired nuclear weapons is providing a substantive statistical foundation for description of characteristics of plutonium as a function of age. This study will provide a statistically significant body of data, with which to compare changes observed with age in other units. A statistical description of changes expected with age will ameliorate the problem of insufficiently detailed manufacturing records and the absence of a baseline from which age- induced changes can be measured.
Taking a Case Method Capstone Course Online: A Comparative Case Study.

A capstone course is normally offered at the end of a program of study with the goal of helping students synthesize what they have learned in the courses preceding it. The paper describes such a course—an undergraduate capstone course for MIS majors—that was built around case discussions and projects and originally offered in a face-to-face format. Over the course of the study, an asynchronous online version of the course was developed that was intended to be as faithful as possible to the classroom version. The paper examines the design, delivery, and learning outcomes of the online offering, contrasting it with the classroom version. The transition to an online course required many adaptations. Among the issues that we needed address are the following: 1) moving the highly synchronous face-to-face discussions of each case study to an asynchronous format without losing fidelity and energy, 2) changing how “student participation” was defined and evaluated, 3) adapting the project component of the course— which ended with a very popular “science fair” activity at the end of the semester in the classroom version—to a delivery mechanism where students never interacted with each other face-toface, and 4) evaluating the relative learning outcomes of the two approaches. The results of the conversion proved to be consistent with some of our expectations and surprising in other ways. Consistent with expectations, the online tools that we employed allowed us to create an online design that was relatively faithful to the original version in terms of meeting learning objectives. Also consistent with our expectations, student perceptions of the course— while quite positive overall—were more mixed for the online course than for its face-to-face predecessor. The course offering produced two surprises, however. First, the online approach to the project component of the course actually seemed to result in higher quality project presentations than the face-to-face version. Second, when results were compared from the instrument we used to evaluate student learning gains, the classroom and online versions of the class proved to be nearly indistinguishable. Given the very different delivery mechanisms employed, we had anticipated far more differences in student perceptions of what they had learned over the course of the semester. Given the challenges of taking a highly interactive class online, we viewed this surprise to be a very pleasant one.
Proximity link design and performance options for a Mars areostationary relay satellite

Current and near-term Mars relay telecommunications services are provided by a set of NASA and ESA Mars science orbiters equipped with UHF relay communication payloads employing operationally simple low-gain antennas. These have been extremely successful in supporting a series of landed Mars mission, greatly increasing data return relative to direct-to-Earth lander links. Yet their relay services are fundamentally constrained by the short contact times available from the selected science orbits. Future Mars areostationary orbiters, flying in circular, equatorial, 1-sol orbits, offer the potential for continuous coverage of Mars landers and rovers, radically changing the relay support paradigm. Achieving high rates on the longer slant ranges to areostationary altitude will require steered, high-gain links. Both RF and optical options exist for achieving data rates in excess of 100 Mb/s. Several point designs offer a measure of potential user burden, in terms of mass, volume, power, and pointing requirements for user relay payloads, as a function of desired proximity link performance.
Abstract 609: Potential Role Of Adipose Derived Stem Cells In Attenuating Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating cardiopulmonary disorder, which often results in right heart failure. In spite of recent advancements in the pharmacotherapy of pulmonary hypertension, the mortality rate has not been significantly reduced. Recently stem cell therapy has gained more attention for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases. Despite the promising results shown by bone marrow derived stem cells in attenuating right heart failure in PH, it remains a highly invasive and laborious procedure. On the contrary, adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) presents a less complicated option. Therefore, we proposed to use ADSC in attenuating the progression of PH. Monocrotaline (MCT) at a 50 mg/kg dose was injected to eight-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce PH. Four weeks post MCT injection; animals developed PH with elevated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP, Control: 28.65±0.40; MCT: 78.06±6.4 mmHg; n=6-8), and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH, Control; 0.22±0.005; MCT: 0.48±0.054 [ratio, AU]; n=6-8). ADSC (isolated from inguinal fat of healthy male rat) were characterized using flow cytometry (CD44 + , CD90 + , CD34 - and CD45 - ) and their differentiation to adipocyte was confirmed by Oil Red O staining. ADSCs (1x10 6 ; passage 2-4) were injected through the jugular vein, 14 days post MCT injection. After 2 weeks following ADSC therapy, RVSP (MCT+ADSC: 55.67±8.99 mmHg; n=6-8) and RVH (MCT+ADSC: 0.32±0.062 [AU]; n=6-8) was significantly reduced. Moreover, the elevated right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP) and ±dP/dT associated with PH were attenuated significantly in ADSC treated MCT animals. An additional group of animals received only the ADSC conditioned media (CM) from 1x10 6 cells. After 2 weeks of CM administration, RVSP (MCT+CM: 42.11±4.66 mmHg; n=5) and RVH (MCT+CM: 0.29±0.020 [AU]; n=5) was significantly reduced. Further, the RVEDP and ± dP/dT were also significantly reduced in CM treated MCT animals. Collectively, either ADSC or conditioned media alone can attenuate the progression of PH, which suggest that paracrine-like substances may be responsible for the beneficial effects observed and may be considered as a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of right heart failure.