cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biomolecular regulation, composition and nanoarchitecture of bone mineral.

Tough natural nanocomposites like bone, nacre and sea sponges contain within their hierarchy, a mineral (phosphate, silicate or carbonate) phase that interacts with an organic phase. In bone, the role of mineral ultrastructure (organization, morphology, composition) is crucial to the mechanical and biological properties of the tissue. Better understanding of mineral interaction with the organic matrix, in particular non-collagenous proteins, osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN), can lead to better design of biomimetic materials. Using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) on single (OC−/− and OPN−/−) and double (OC-OPN−/−;−/−) genetic knockout mice bones, we demonstrate that both osteocalcin and osteopontin have specific roles in the biomolecular regulation of mineral in bone and together they are major determinants of the quality of bone mineral. Specifically, for the first time, we show that proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin regulate bone mineral crystal size and organization in a codependent manner, while they independently determine crystal shape. We found that OC is more dominant in the regulation of the physical properties of bone mineral, while OPN is more dominant in the regulation of the mineral composition.
Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary prior to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with native biliary anatomy

Background and objectives Prophylactic antibiotics are frequently administered for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In patients without previous biliary instrumentation, infection risk from TACE is low. We hypothesized that there is a negligible rate of infection in these patients without prophylactic antibiotics. Methods We reviewed consecutive patients undergoing TACE between 7/1/2013-6/15/2016. All patients had an intact Sphincter of Oddi, received no peri-procedural antibiotics, and had 30+ days follow-up. Level of arterial selection was recorded. Baseline Child-Pugh (CP) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) scores were recorded. The primary outcome measure was the absence of clinical or imaging findings of hepatic abscess within 30 days. Results A total of 171 patients underwent 235 TACE procedures. CP scores were A (n = 109), B (n = 47), and C (n = 15). BCLC scores were 0 (n = 1), A (n = 108), B (n = 47), and C (n = 15). TACE was performed segmentally (n = 208) or lobar (n = 27). Three patients died of non-infectious causes before 30 days. No hepatic abscesses developed in evaluable patients: 0/232 infusions. Conclusions In patients with HCC and an intact Sphincter of Oddi, TACE was performed safely without prophylactic antibiotics. The majority of the patients were BCLC and CP A/B. Additional study of BCLC and CP C patients is warranted.
Moviéndose entre aguas: La obra de Rafa Esparza

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 149, 2017: 199-203
Leadership and Stress Orientation of Japanese and Russian Working Adults

This cross-cultural study utilized the full range leadership framework developed by Hofstede’s model of culture, and compared leadership styles and cultural values of 461 managerial and non-manager...
A Mössbauer Backscatter Spectrometer with Full Data Processing Capability

The potential usefullness of Mossbauer spectroscopy for a variety of applications in non-destructive analysis and testing has been apparent for more than ten years (1). Nonetheless, the actual practical use of the technique for other than fundamental research purposes has been quite limited. There have been several difficulties: the conventional transmission geometry is unsuitable for most practical applications, while, until recently, backscatter measurements were inefficient and time-consuming; quantitative measurements require computer processing of the raw data, thus introducing additional time delays before final results are available; the measurement and analysis procedures are normally rather complicated and ill adapted to routine use. The purpose of this program was the development of a relatively low cost instrument which could be used by an operator with rather limited training for rapid measurements in a routine manner.
An omnibus two-sample test for ranked-set sampling data

Abstract We develop an omnibus two-sample test for ranked-set sampling (RSS) data. The test statistic is the conditional probability of seeing the observed sequence of ranks in the combined sample, given the observed sequences within the separate samples. We compare the test to existing tests under perfect rankings, finding that it can outperform existing tests in terms of power, particularly when the set size is large. The test does not maintain its level under imperfect rankings. However, one can create a permutation version of the test that is comparable in power to the basic test under perfect rankings and also maintains its level under imperfect rankings. Both tests extend naturally to judgment post-stratification, unbalanced RSS, and even RSS with multiple set sizes. Interestingly, the tests have no simple random sampling analog.
Parent training for feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature

A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify published studies in which parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were trained to implement interventions designed to i...
Compiler assisted coalescing

Tightly integrated CPU-GPU systems that share the same virtual address space have significantly improved the programmability of GPUs in recent years. However, to achieve this, every memory access from a GPU has to go through an address translation unit like the TLB and the huge demand on these TLBs can become a significant overhead. Previous proposals have suggested the use of an address coalescing unit that coalesces multiple accesses to the same page into a single access, significantly reducing pressure on the TLB. However, building perfect coalescing logic in real hardware is not feasible and employing a simpler hardware coalescing unit takes away many of the benefits of coalescing. In this paper, we propose compiler assisted coalescing (CAC) that significantly increases the coalescing capability of GPUs. Our CAC compiler annotates instructions that generate coalescable accesses at compile time, while simple bound checking hardware coalesces these accesses at runtime. We also introduce a translation table to the compute unit pipeline that leverages information passed from the CAC compiler to bypass the TLB, further reducing expensive TLB lookups. Evaluation of our technique on a variety of workloads shows that CAC reduces the TLB accesses by 62% with a TLB dynamic power reduction of 45%.
Can Emotional Feelings Represent Significant Relations

Jesse Prinz (2004, Gut reactions: a perceptual theory of emotion) argues that emotional feelings (“state emotions”) can by themselves perceptually represent significant organism-environment relations. I object to this view mainly on the grounds that (1) it does not rule out the at least equally plausible view that emotional feelings are non-representational sensory registrations rather than perceptions, as Tyler Burge (2010, The origins of objectivity) draws the distinction, and (2) perception of a relation requires perception of at least one of the relation’s relata, but an emotional feeling by itself perceives neither the subject’s environment, nor in many cases, the relevant subject. I then explore two ways in which emotional feelings as non-perceptual sensory registrations might still contribute to significant relation representation when associated with representations of the subject and/or its environment. After briefly discussing some difficulties presented by a multimodal, sensory-perceptual view of such representation, I argue in favor of a “cognitive recognition theory” that holds that significant relation instances are represented during emotion occurrences via applications of emotion-type concepts to “incoming” emotional feelings and their associated mental states.
Rethinking Mathematics Misconceptions: Using Knowledge Structures to Explain Systematic Errors within and across Content Domains

The present study examined the ability of content domain (algebra, geometry, rational number, probability) to classify mathematics misconceptions. The study was conducted with 1,133 students in 53 algebra and geometry classes taught by 17 teachers from three high schools and one middle school across three school districts in a Midwestern state. Students answered 17 multiple choice items from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. A prompt was added to each item for students to explain the reasoning for their answer. Explanations were examined qualitatively to determine whether the responses were indicative of misconceptions. The responses were then analyzed quantitatively with structural equation modeling. Several knowledge structures (variable, measurement, spatial reasoning, additive/multiplicative structures, absolute/relative comparison) were found to be foundational to understanding multiple content domains. Multiple foundational structures were found to be related to misconceptions in each content domain, and misconceptions for multiple content domains were found within each foundational structure. The quantitative analyses found that the best classification of misconceptions included correlations among the content domains and a factor independent of content domain. The qualitative analyses led to the conclusion that interactions among the foundational knowledge structures best described the factor independent of content domain.
Cancer Clinical Trial Patient-Participants’ Perceptions about Provider Communication and Dropout Intentions

Objective: To study the relationship between cancer patient/research participants' perceptions of communication with their research nurse and doctor and (1) participants’ thoughts of dropping out f...
York Friends 1939-1945

This article deals with the experiences ofYork Quakers during the Second World War (1939-1945). It points out that in York as elsewhere Quakers had to make difficult choices during these years and tries to explain the reasons for these choices, particularly whether to support the war and, in many cases, whether to serve in the armed forces. The choices made by individuals and the consequences are elaborated. The article sets developments in York against the national background and points out that the national Quaker yearly meeting was held in York in 1941 and 1942.
Patient Safety Never Events: Cross-Canada Checkup

In September 2015, Health Quality Ontario (HQO) and the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI), with an action team that brought together quality councils and committees along with patient and family representatives, garnered consensus and published the report Never Events for Hospital Care in Canada (HQO and CPSI 2015). The report is a call to action for healthcare leaders to prevent the occurrence of never events. Many sites have already been collecting data and focusing efforts on reducing never events. We need to take this action further, to collaborate between sites and provinces and territories so that we can learn from one another and prevent patient harm. This is an opportune time to centre our efforts so that never events no longer occur in our hospitals.
CHAPTER EIGHT – Money and the Banking System

Publisher Summary This chapter explains how the Federal Reserve decides on the amount of money to put into the economy. Alan R. Holmes, a man who sits in an office in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, decides every day, under instructions and guidelines from a powerful body of the Federal Reserve known as the Open Market Committee, the amount of money to create. Mr. Holmes creates money by placing an order in the money market for Treasury bills or other Government securities. He pays for them by writing a check on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If the order is for $100 million, an additional $100 million in cash suddenly flows into the economy, possessed originally by the people who sold the government securities to the Fed. The amount of money that Mr. Holmes creates makes a good deal of difference to the performance of the economy—the rate of inflation, the expansion of production and jobs, interest rates and general well-being—because the amount of money affects how rapidly the wheels of the economy turn.
Awake Craniotomy with Cortical and Subcortical Speech Mapping for Supramarginal Cavernoma Resection

Awake craniotomy allows mapping of eloquent brain regions and monitoring neurocognitive functioning intraoperatively to maximize extent of resection and minimize cognitive morbidity.1,2 During resection of cavernous malformations in eloquent areas, intraoperative cognitive monitoring can also allow for safer maximal excision of the hemosiderin ring, which is correlated with improved seizure-free outcome.3,4 We present the case of a 33-year-old right-handed male with a new-onset seizure who presented to his local emergency department after experiencing visual hallucinations before losing consciousness. Computed tomography scan of the head revealed a calcified lesion in the left temporal/parietal area. Presurgical workup revealed left hemispheric language dominance and language activation within the overlying supramarginal gyrus representing phonologic working memory on functional magnetic resonance imaging.5 Diffusion tensor imaging identified the arcuate fasciculus and lateral portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus to be intimately associated with the deep margin of the lesion.6 After consent was obtained, we performed an awake craniotomy and resection of the lesion through a transsulcal approach, with eloquent cortical mapping using a novel high-density circular grid,7,8 as well as subcortical stimulation/mapping and continuous intraoperative cognitive monitoring using multiple language paradigms; the patient was baselined on these paradigms preoperatively (Video 1). Several phonologic/paraphasic errors were made during resection of the hemosiderin ring, likely related to mechanical manipulation. The patient was discharged to home on postoperative day 4 with outpatient speech therapy for speech hesitancy. At 1-week postoperative testing, language skills were considered within normal limits.
Fast rise breakdown in dielectric filled air gap for surge protection

Electric discharge across an air gap can be self-healing, providing a unique capability for repetitive, fast, high-voltage/current switching applications through arc conduction. Furthermore, incorporating dielectric granules in the air gap stimulates gas ionization, which lowers the breakdown voltage and narrows breakdown voltage distribution, thereby enabling engineered surge protection from multiple lightning strikes on aerospace vehicles and sensitive solid-state electronics in critical systems. This study investigates the effect of the permittivity of dielectric granules, gap filling, surface roughness, and metal work function on fast-rising, high-voltage breakdowns. In addition to the air gap width, these factors play important roles in gas ionization, field concentration, and initiation of electrical discharge and arcing. Therefore, they could potentially be used to control and narrow operational breakdown voltages for practical applications. Additionally, a modified Langevin–Debye model is developed to correlate the breakdown voltage and the permittivity of the dielectric filler. These investigations identify and highlight key underpinning mechanisms governing the gas discharge behavior across a dielectric filled air gap during voltage surge events.
Unfit for democracy: the Roberts Court and the breakdown of American politics: by Stephen E. Gottlieb, New York, New York University Press, 2018, 416 pp., $25.00 (paperback), ISBN 9781479823147

The provocative title of this text is quite misleading. The critique of the Roberts Supreme Court, promised by Gottlieb in the introduction, does not emerge until the final third of the text. This ...
Epidemics on critical random graphs with heavy-tailed degree distribution

We study the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) epidemic on a random graph chosen uniformly over all graphs with certain critical, heavy-tailed degree distributions. For this model, each vertex infects all its susceptible neighbors and recovers the day after it was infected. When a single individual is initially infected, the total proportion of individuals who are eventually infected approaches zero as the size of the graph grows towards infinity. Using different scaling, we prove process level scaling limits for the number of individuals infected on day $h$ on the largest connected components of the graph. The scaling limits are contain non-negative jumps corresponding to some vertices of large degree, that is these vertices are super-spreaders. Using weak convergence techniques, we can describe the height profile of the $\alpha$-stable continuum random graph (Goldschmidt et. al. 2018, Conchon-Kerjan - Goldschmidt 2020), extending results known in the Brownian case (Miermont - Sen 2019). We also prove abstract results that can be used on other critical random graph models.
A Robust and Efficient State-of-Charge Estimation Methodology for Serial-Connected Battery Packs: Most Significant Cell Methodology

Safely and efficiently managing a battery pack consisting of hundreds to thousands of battery cells is a critical but challenging task due to commonly observed uncertainties, e.g. temperature, battery degradation and SOC estimation inaccuracy. This paper proposes a robust and efficient most significant cell methodology that estimates the battery pack SOC depending on the determined most significant cells. The estimation adopting this methodology is robust to variations of temperature, battery degradation and battery cell SOC estimation inaccuracy. A battery pack simulator and a real battery pack designed for electric vehicles were used as prototypes to illustrate the high performance, robustness and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Moreover, the proposed algorithm requires light computational effort, making it suitable for real-time operation.
Antibacterial Agents, Nitrofurans

The nitrofurans encompass a class of synthetic antibacterials characterized by the 5-nitro-2-furanyl group. Nitrofurans include furium, C9H7N3O4S; furazolidone, ; Z-furan, C7H6N2O4; furylfuramide, C11H8N2O5; nitrovin, ; furalazine C9H7N5O3; acetylfuratrizine, C11H9N5O4; panfuran-S, C11H11N5O5; nifuroxime, C5H4N2O4; nitrofurazone, C6H6N4O4; nifuraldezone, C7H6N4O5; nihydrazone, C7H7N3O4; nitrofurantoin, C8H6N4O5; nifuratel, C10H11N3O5S; nitrofurathiazide, C13H12N4O6S; nifurtoinol, C9H8N4O6; and nifurprinol, C12H10N2O4. Several nitrofurans have been marketed in the human and veterinary areas because of their broad spectrum of activity and relatively mild toxicity. Nitrofurans are generally stable, water-insoluble crystalline solids, which decompose (darken) upon prolonged exposure to light or alkali. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal at the concentrations achieved in the urinary tract and highly effective against the corresponding pathogens. Since its introduction for use in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, essentially no resistance development has occurred, unlike nearly all other antimicrobials. Nitrogurazone, furazolidone, and nitrofurantoin have been used therapeutically for over 30 yr with no reports of human neoplasia. Most commercial nitrofurans are derived from 5-nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde or the corresponding diacetate. Keywords: Nitrofurans; Antibacterial agents; 5-Nitro-2-furancarboxyaldehyde; Biological mechanism of action; Urinary tract; Mutagenic acitivity; Carcinogenic activity
Hardware experiment evaluation of STATCOMs using conventional and direct-current vector control strategies

A STATCOM is a term derived for Static Compensators that compensate reactive power and provide voltage support to an ac system. A traditional STATCOM consists of an energy storage device and ac power system both connected on either side of a voltage source converter (VSC), and a control system based on the conventional standard d-q vector control technology. This paper presents an extensive hardware experiment studies to compare the conventional and a direct-current vector control schemes for a VSC-based STATCOM. A limitation of the conventional control mechanism is analyzed and compared to a newly developed direct current vector control method. The hardware experiment evaluation demonstrates that a STATCOM system works well using the proposed direct-current vector control mechanism both within and beyond the converter linear modulation limit while the conventional control technique could result in over voltage and system oscillations in the challenging, variable, and distorted hardware experiment conditions.
Carcinoma of the cervix. I. Therapeutic and patient factors affecting survival.

Abstract The role that refinements and new approaches in therapy have played in the improved survival of patients treated for primary cervical malignancy is difficult to determine. A population of 762 consecutively treated patients over an 11 year interval (1951 to 1962) is reviewed in an attempt to define the patient and therapeutic factors that may have influenced survival in our experience. In comparison with the previous 9 years' experience (1942 to 1951) the over-all survival has improved, even though there has been no change in the extent of disease treated and little alteration in therapeutic approach. The effect of the biologic variables of extent of disease within each stage, the status of ureteral patency, and age on survival is determined. It seems possible that similarly staged disease in patients may differ significantly with respect to these factors and that, before assuming comparative populations of treated patients are biologically similar, these factors should be determined and taken into consideration prior to attributing improved survival to a specific therapeutic technique.
Describing and reusing warfighter processes and products: an agile training framework

This position paper describes a framework, i.e. a set of design and architecture recommendations, for achieving agile training. The approach for the design is to be process and data driven, focused on reusability, and borrowing basic principles derived from web-based architectures, semantic processing, usercentered design, composability, complexity management, machine-understandability, scalability, gaming and open linked data. The fundamental features of the framework are open, easily understood, easily implemented, and tool-agnostic. With such a framework defined, the training community could collaborate to build out the more extensive cloud content, extend the capability and ensure that the benefits of agile training are achieved, namely more focused and faster training on shared processes anytime, anywhere at reduced cost and without a large support staff.
A stereo asynchronous sample-rate converter for digital audio

The design of an asynchronous sample-rate converter for digital audio applications is presented. Input and output sample rates are sensed automatically. The converter can be slaved to both input and output sample clocks that need not be synchronous to the chip's master clock. Sample rate ratio changes of up to 2:1 in either direction can be accommodated. Measured output SNR while driven by a 10 kHz 20-bit sine wave is 102 dB. This 200 K transistor chip is fabricated using a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Power dissipation is 150 mW at 16 MHz.
CRAFT (complete reduction to amplitude frequency table)--robust and time-efficient Bayesian approach for quantitative mixture analysis by NMR.

The intrinsic quantitative nature of NMR is increasingly exploited in areas ranging from complex mixture analysis (as in metabolomics and reaction monitoring) to quality assurance/control. Complex NMR spectra are more common than not, and therefore, extraction of quantitative information generally involves significant prior knowledge and/or operator interaction to characterize resonances of interest. Moreover, in most NMR-based metabolomic experiments, the signals from metabolites are normally present as a mixture of overlapping resonances, making quantification difficult. Time-domain Bayesian approaches have been reported to be better than conventional frequency-domain analysis at identifying subtle changes in signal amplitude. We discuss an approach that exploits Bayesian analysis to achieve a complete reduction to amplitude frequency table (CRAFT) in an automated and time-efficient fashion – thus converting the time-domain FID to a frequency-amplitude table. CRAFT uses a two-step approach to FID analysis. First, the FID is digitally filtered and downsampled to several sub FIDs, and secondly, these sub FIDs are then modeled as sums of decaying sinusoids using the Bayesian approach. CRAFT tables can be used for further data mining of quantitative information using fingerprint chemical shifts of compounds of interest and/or statistical analysis of modulation of chemical quantity in a biological study (metabolomics) or process study (reaction monitoring) or quality assurance/control. The basic principles behind this approach as well as results to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in mixture analysis are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phosphorylation-independent role for the yeast cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase Cak1.

Cdc28 is the main cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) directing the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Besides cyclin binding, Cdc28 requires phosphorylation by the Cak1 kinase to achieve full activity. We have previously isolated carboxy-terminal cdc28CST mutants that are temperature sensitive and exhibit high chromosome instability. Both phenotypes are suppressed by high copy Cak1 in a manner that is independent of its catalytic activity and conversely, combination of cdc28CST and cak1 mutations results in synthetic lethality. Altogether, these results suggest that for the Cdc28 complexes to remain stable and active, an interaction with Cak1 is needed via the carboxyl terminus of Cdc28. We report two-hybrid assay data that support this model, and results that indicate that actively growing yeast cells require an optimum Cdc28:Cak1 ratio. While Cak1 is constitutively active and expressed, dividing cells tightly regulate Cak1 protein levels to ensure presence of adequate levels of Cdc28 CDK activity.
Code generation for hybrid mixed mode formulation in finite element analysis

Recently developed techniques for the symbolic derivation of formulas and the automatic generation of code for numerical computation are applied to formulate the hybrid mixed model in finite element analysis. The hybrid mixed model is a promising approach to overcome several difficulties associated with the more traditional displacement models for the analysis of “constrained-media” problems. Applying the FINGER (FINite element GEneratoR) system, FORTRAN code has been generated for computing the strain-displacement coefficients and the stiffness coefficients for a sample hybrid mixed plate bending element. Attention is paid to improving the efficiency of code generated and the generality of the approach. Described is the first full-scale problem which subject the approach to stringent conditions and requirements of an actual engineering application.
Risk factors for extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis.

We related risk factors, cardiovascular symptoms, and coronary status to the extent of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode ultrasonography in 376 volunteers hospitalized for elective coronary angiography. In a first analysis, we correlated risk factors and cardiovascular symptoms with carotid atherosclerosis. Univariate analysis showed that relations between many continuous risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis were graded and consistent for men and women. Multivariate analysis identified 6 significant variables (age, hypertension, pack-years smoked, and inversely, plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and uric acid, and Framingham Type A score) that together accounted for 35% of the variability in extent of carotid atherosclerosis. In a second multivariate analysis, addition of coronary status (presence or absence of coronary stenosis as evaluated by coronary angiography) to the roster of candidate independent variables produced a new equation that accounted for an additional 5% of the variability in carotid atherosclerosis extent. Although much of the variability in extent of carotid atherosclerosis remains unexplained, these data define an association between coronary and carotid atherosclerosis that depends partly on shared exposure of both arteries to the same risk factors. They are also consistent with the concept that as yet undiscovered risk factors and/or genetic (e.g., arterial wall) factors common to both arterial beds also contribute to the relation between coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in human beings.
Endogenous caloric sources and nitrogen balance: regulation in postoperative patients.

• Twenty-three postoperative patients were divided into three groups to evaluate the peripheral vein administration of solutions containing glucose, amino acids, or glucose and amino acids. Serum insulin, glucose, and nitrogen balances were monitored in each patient. Serum insulin concentrations rose on the first postoperative day in all three groups, then fell to near preoperative levels by the third day after surgery. Negative nitrogen balance was most pronounced in patients receiving glucose only. Patients receiving only amino acids had a reduction in nitrogen balance, but some protein catabolism was present. The mean nitrogen balance in patients who received a combination of these solutions was positive on days one and two after surgery and slightly negative on the third postoperative day. These changes were not significantly better than the amino acid group. However, the combination group had 12 of 21 days of positive balance, as compared to seven of 20 days in the amino acid group. Since starvation adaptation occurs gradually, it is concluded that the simplest and safest way to reduce protein catabolism in the immediate postoperative period is by the peripheral intravenous administration of both glucose and amino acids. ( Arch Surg 111:1357-1361, 1976)
Prenatal Systemic Immune Response in Smoking and Nonsmoking Women

Paper Presentation Objective To determine whether prenatal smoking affects systemic cytokine distribution. Design Planned secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal multicenter trial. Setting Regional prenatal clinics. Sample Smoking and nonsmoking pregnant women (81) with singleton gestation. Methods Cytokine biomarkers (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNFa) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured using a multiplex bead lyte assay on a Luminexx IS‐100. At each time point, smoking status was collected via self‐report (survey) and validated by preset urine cotinine limits. Cytokine data were log transformed. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, t ‐tests, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.3. Results Eighty‐one women underwent evaluation in the first trimester, 76 in the second, and 69 in the third. Thirty‐nine of the participants (48%) were smokers and self‐report smoking status was strongly correlated with urine cotinine (ρ = .68). Less than 10% of women who stated they were nonsmokers were classified as smokers based on urine cotinine limits. First trimester serum CRP was significantly higher in women who smoked ( p = .04). Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines in the second and trimester (IL‐6 and IL‐1α) were also significantly different between women who smoke and do not smoke during pregnancy ( p = .04; p = .02, respectively). No significant differences were observed in other serum cytokine concentrations, including anti‐inflammatory IL‐10. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice Maternal tobacco use and systemic immune responsiveness are individually associated with preterm birth (PTB), and the interaction of tobacco use on systemic cytokines requires further study. Currently, there is limited evidence on the impact of prenatal smoking status on serum cytokines and stress. Prenatal tobacco may affect the critical balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines/molecules. Both elevated CRP and proinflammatory mediators can trigger oxidative stress, potentially impacting endothelial/endocervical structure. Furthermore, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the second and third trimesters may stimulate an unnecessary inflammatory response and increase the risk for PTB. Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to consistently screen for prenatal tobacco use and offer evidenced‐based smoking cessation interventions to reduce PTB risk. Further research is needed to investigate the role of maternal tobacco use on local and systemic immune response during pregnancy.
The extracranial-intracranial bypass study.

The ability to perform extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass vascular surgery represents one of the greatest technical achievements in neurosurgery [33]. Initially, the technique appeared to be a highly specialized one which required a unique level of technical competence. With time, however, the technique became sufficiently standardized that it could be taught to neurosurgeons and be readily available throughout the nation and the world. Recently, the Bypass Study Group, in reporting the results of the cooperative study on EC-IC bypass, concluded that EC-IC bypass is not effective in decreasing the rate of stroke and stroke-related death in patients with symptomatic disease of the internal carotid (ICA) and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries [ 16,17]. Although the study reaches several valid conclusions, some may not be justified from the data presented, and we would like to express several major concerns herein.
The lowest symmetry acentric network polymer with cavities resulted from two distinct metal centers with multifunctional ligands decorating the walls of the framework

Abstract A new MOF coordination polymer, [(H2O)Cu(BNA)4)Cu(H2O)(BPY)]∙ 5H2O (BNA = 5-bromonicotinato C6H3NO2Br; DPY = 4,4′-dipyridyl C10H8N2), with two distinct metal centers with multifunctional ligands decorating the walls of the framework has been synthesized. The structure is crystallized with the lowest symmetry P1, which displayed an acentric network with inclusion water molecules in the cavities.
Perceived Exertion and Stimulus Intensity Modulation

Perceptual augmentation and reduction were considered contrasting styles of Stimulus Intensity Modulation. Differences in perceived exertion between augmenters and reducers were determined for three cycle ergometer work loads. Subjects were 20 males having similar physiological characteristics. Stimulus Intensity Modulation was determined by kinesthetic figural aftereffect. Augmenters rated their perceptions of physical exertion to be more intense than reducers at 450, 750 and 1050 kpm/min. Differences in physiological responses between augmenters and reducers were not significant at the three work loads. Style of Stimulus Intensity Modulation appeared differentially to influence perceived exertion at the work levels studied.
Trait aggressiveness, media violence, and perceptions of interpersonal conflict

Abstract This study explores the short-term impact of exposure to violent mass media content while accounting for personality (i.e. trait-aggression) and situational factors (e.g. responsibility for actions). Following exposure to either a violent or nonviolent movie, participants reported their perceptions of violent interpersonal incidents described in four written scenarios. The findings revealed that respondents’ aggressive dispositions and sex mediated the impact of media violence on subsequent perceptions of violent, interpersonal conflicts. Specifically, high trait-aggressive individuals generally displayed more callous and hostile tendencies in their perceptions of interpersonal conflicts than low trait-aggressive individuals. Moreover, high trait-aggressive males were found to be most extreme in reporting aggressive thoughts and actions. Surprisingly, the data did not support the hypothesis that exposure to a violent movie would have a negative impact on viewers. Berkowitz’s cognitive-neoassociationistic theory [Berkowitz, L. (1984). Some effects of thoughts on anti-social and prosocial influences on media effects: a cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 410–427; Berkowitz, L. (1990). On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: a cognitive-neoassociation analysis. American Psychologist, 45, 494–503; Jo, E. & Berkowitz, L. (1994). A priming effect analysis of media influences: an update. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman, Media effects: advances in theory and research (pp. 43–60). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum] is employed to account for this discrepancy. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Superfluidity and film structure in 4He adsorbed on graphite.

We have completed a torsional-oscillator study of superfluidity in thin films of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ adsorbed on the basal plane of graphite for coverages from 11/2 to 7 atomic layers. In contrast to superfluidity in films adsorbed on amorphous substrates, we find several different regimes of superfluid behavior. Superfluidity in the second layer shows an anomalous temperature dependence and is destroyed by solidification of the film. The superfluid film appears to coexist with a two-dimensional surface gas for low coverages in the third layer. Evidence of a phase transition, which may be the reconstruction of an underlying layer, appears just above the completion of the third layer. Modulation of the superfluid signal with coverage is seen through the completion of the sixth layer. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Dispersed ash in deeply buried sediment from the northwest Pacific Ocean: An example from the Izu-Bonin arc (ODP Site 1149)

Abstract A multi-elemental geochemical and statistical methodology was applied to the sedimentary sequence recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1149 (Leg 185) to characterize and quantify the abundance of dispersed ash–as distinct from discrete ash layers–in sediment from a critical region of the Northwest Pacific. Visual descriptions of sediment from the past 11 Ma describe both clay and volcanic ash (25–35 wt.%) as the dominant components, with many discrete layers observed. Factor analysis of the multi-element dataset indicates that statistical variability is best explained by mixing between three factors. Multiple linear regressions based on refractory trace- and rare earth element end-members of potential sources identified from the literature suggest that wind delivered Chinese loess, Ryukyu Dacite, and an average of Izu–Bonin Front Arc material yield the best statistical mixing that explains the bulk sedimentary composition. All three sources are characterized by gradual increases beginning from ~ 5–6 Ma to 4.5 Ma with occasional spikes in each of the sources. Ryukyu Trough extension has been active since ~ 6 Ma which may help to explain the increase in the Ryukyu Dacite source at Site 1149 as both the abundance and MAR rapidly increase at ~ 3.5 Ma. Comparing the total dispersed ash accumulation rate to the sedimentation rate of the discrete layers documents paired increases beginning at ~ 3.5 Ma, although the dispersed ash increases by a greater relative amount (8–9 fold) than does the sedimentation of discrete layers (~ a factor of four). Collectively, the ability to resolve the dispersed component and study its compositional changes through time, in the context of coupling (or lack thereof) with discrete ash layer records, adds an additional parameter to studies of geochemical budgets (“Subduction Factory”) as well as to the arc- and tectonic evolution of the region.
Relativistic calculation of atomic N-shell ionization by protons.

Relativistic plane-wave Born-approximation calculations of cross sections for M-shell ionization of Ho-67, Au-79, U-92 by protons with incident energies from 0.05 to 1 MeV are reported. Dirac-Hartree-Slater wave functions were employed and binding-energy change and Coulomb deflection were taken into account. Associated X-ray production cross sections were also computed. Results are compared with previous theoretical predictions and with experimental data. Definite improvement in the theory has been attained by the use of realistic wave functions and consistent inclusion of the effects of relativity.
Erratum to: Symptomatic and Palliative Care for Stroke Survivors

J Gen Intern Med Published 2012:27(7):863-60. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1966-4 (c) Society of General Internal Medicine 2012 Erratum to: J Gen Intern Med DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1966-4 On page 857 of the original publication, the following statement contains a technical error. Recently, the FDA approved Nuedexta, a fixed-dose combination of the cough suppressant dextromethorphan hydrobromide and the antiarrhythmic quinidine sulfate, for treatment of pseudobulbar affect in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis. Correction: Although the FDA approved Nuedexta based on studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS), the approved indication was for treatment of pseudobulbar affect (without restriction to a specific underlying condition).
Reigniting Vigny: Fire, Transformation, and Modernity in his Lyric poetry

For Vigny, fire serves as a vehicle of destruction and transformation. He destroys hackneyed romantic approaches to love and the divine and reinvigorates the relationship between the world and the poetic act. Moreover, in Vigny there is a shift in the representation of fire, from the amorous or divine to the technological, a measure that reflects the imaginative reconfiguring of poetic modernity.
The Life of Herbert Hoover: Imperfect Visionary, 1918‐1928. By Kendrick A. Clements. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 607 pp.

The Life of Herbert Hoover: Imperfect Visionary, 1918-1928. By Kendrick A. Clements. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 607 pp. Who was Herbert Hoover? Answering that question depends not only on the perspective from which the query is made but also the time period of his life. America's thirty-first president had several distinct careers in his adult life, and he achieved varying degrees of success in each. Upon graduating from Stanford University with a degree in geology, Hoover worked around the world in the mining industry, and he was a millionaire by 1914. Hoover changed course with the advent of World War I, abandoning private sector employment for the remainder of his life. Between 1914 and 1917, Hoover led the successful Commission for Relief in Belgium, and, in 1918, he took charge of the U.S. Food Administration where he oversaw a voluntary conservation program. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding named him secretary of commerce, a post he held until his four years in the White House. Finally, Hoover had a prodigious postpresidential career during which he commented on public policy questions in numerous books and he advised several presidents, especially Democrat Harry S. Truman. Kendrick A. Clements's The Life of Herbert Hoover: Imperfect Visionary, 1918-1928 explores the years immediately before and during Hoover's service in the cabinet for Presidents Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Hoover remained involved with war-related problems after the armistice, namely, the feeding of the entire European continent. Hoover was nothing if not peripatetic, and the scope and breadth of his activity during the 1920s carries through nicely in these pages. Clements tells the story of these years in chronological fashion, a wise choice on his part as biographer. As he explains in his preface, had he told the story topically, the reader would miss "the degree to which a large number of issues landed on his desk all at once, interacted with each other, and demanded simultaneous consideration" (p. xiii). Indeed, Hoover remade the role of commerce secretary, away from its limited nineteenth-century scope, into the activist position needed to oversee the burgeoning national economy. Among the problems Hoover addressed as cabinet secretary included unemployment, the Russian famine, child health issues, flooding along the Mississippi River and in New England, the organization of industry by type, railroad reorganization, agricultural production and consumption, disorganization in the coal industry, electrical power generation and distribution, pollution, the eight-hour day in the steel industry, adequate and affordable housing, international trade, European war debts, the emergence of radio and aviation, and the status of fisheries. …
Rethinking Feminist Rhetoric and Historiography in a Global Context: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Over the past three decades, feminist scholars have collectively produced a coherent and substantial body of research and established feminist rhetoric as a discipline. This article argues for linking feminist rhetoric with comparative rhetoric so as to open up conversations about theories, methodologies, and processes between the two fields. Examining a hybrid feminist discourse through early-twentieth-century Chinese women's texts, the author suggests that we rethink feminist rhetoric and historiography from a cross-cultural perspective and that Chinese women's rhetorical practices—negotiating cultural flux in contact zones—can be used as a model for current feminist scholarship. As the discipline moves toward a new dialogic paradigm, such a cross-cultural frame can help us examine our assumptions, reconsider our priorities, and discover and develop multiple local terms and concepts in reading texts across various historical periods and social, cultural, and geopolitical boundaries.
Methamphetamine and Poly-Substance Use Among Gym-Attending Men Who Have Sex with Men in New York City

Methamphetamine and other drug use has been documented among men who have sex with men (MSM). Patterns of use may be influenced by point of recruitment into these studies. The aim of this study is to describe patterns of methamphetamine and other drug use and to delineate psychosocial and demographic factors which accompany these patterns of use in a sample of MSM attending gyms in New York City. Active recruitment strategies were implemented to ascertain a sample of 311 MSM. Participants completed a one-time survey regarding both health risks and health promotion. Methamphetamine use in the last 6 months was reported by 23.8% of men. Inhalation and smoking were the most common modes of administration, and 84% of men reported more than one mode of use. Study participants also indicated a variety of other substances used, including but not limited to alcohol, inhalant nitrates, and 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Compared to nonusers, methamphetamine users were more likely to report being black or Latino, depressed, HIV-positive, perceiving more benefits of unprotected sex, and understanding masculinity in sexual terms. These data suggest that health-risk behaviors are common among MSM who are regularly using a gym and are indicative of the complexities of health issues for this segment of the population.
Physical and Chemical Restraints

The combative or uncooperative patient is a growing problem in the emergency department. Restrained patients are at especially high risk of adverse outcomes. Particular attention has been given to de-escalation techniques to reduce the need for patient restraint. This article examines these techniques and the need for and risks of physical and chemical restraints in managing patients in the emergency department.