cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Anatomies: How the Tsa Should Screen for Transgender People

A transgender person faces obstacles trying to negotiate a gender-binary world. Going through a TSA checkpoint is no different. A substantial number of transgender persons have reported that they were detained and examined because they were transgender.1 Why this situation persists and what policy reforms should be implemented to alleviate it are the subjects of this Essay. This Essay is devoted mainly to the theme of transgender rights, rather than race, a central theme of the symposium in which this Essay appears. Given the relatively small pool of transgender individuals for whom data is available, this Essay is unable to make meaningful conclusions about whether and, to what extent, race plays a role in this analysis. This Essay does, however, conclude by sharing some brief reflections about how race, if explored in future scholarship, could figure in the treatment of transgender persons at TSA check points. This Essay will make suggestions about the role of disparate impact analysis and racial stereotypes to that end.
How brand experience, satisfaction, trust, and commitment affect loyalty: a reexamination and reconciliation

This study investigates how brand experience, satisfaction, trust, and commitment influence brand loyalty. The results show that when these drivers separately affect brand loyalty, brand satisfaction and brand trust have a stronger effect on attitudinal loyalty than on behavioral loyalty, while brand experience and brand commitment have a stronger effect on behavioral loyalty than on attitudinal loyalty. When they are combined, however, their effects on brand loyalty are at least partially mediated. Moreover, brand satisfaction has the strongest effect on attitudinal loyalty, and brand commitment has the strongest effect on brand loyalty, whether they separately or jointly affect brand loyalty. Finally, research and managerial implications and limitations are also discussed.
Discipline and Development: Middle Classes and Prosperity in East Asia and Latin America

Perhaps the most commonly held assumption in the field of development is that middle classes are the bounty of economic modernization and growth. As countries gradually transcend their agrarian past and become urbanized and industrialized, so the logic goes, middle classes emerge and gain in number, complexity, cultural influence, social prominence, and political authority. Yet this is only half the story. Middle classes shape industrial and economic development, they are not merely its product; the particular ways in which middle classes shape themselves - and the ways historical conditions shape them - influence development trajectories in multiple ways. This is the story of South Korea's and Taiwan's economic successes and Argentina's and Mexico's relative 'failures' through an examination of their rural middle classes and disciplinary capacities. Can disciplining continue in a context where globalization squeezes middle classes and frees capitalists from the state and social contracts in which they have been embedded?
Silencing the Appellant's Voice: The Antitherapeutic Per Curiam Affirmance

Appellate courts are increasingly deciding cases without issuing a formal opinion. The most frequent instance of this is the per curiam affirmance. While the per curiam affirmance can be justified on efficiency grounds, it may have antitherapeutic effects for the party who appealed. This article uses psychological theory to examine these antitherapeutic effects, and to propose a remedy: the use of a short therapeutic or speaking affirmance. In particular, the literature on the psychology of procedural justice and its application to this context is explored. The article applies the approach of therapeutic jurisprudence by seeking to identify the antitherapeutic consequences of this legal practice, and to make recommendations designed to avoid or minimize them. If followed, the recommendations made can help to provide a measure of healing for the appellant who has lost his or her appeal.
ACOUSTIC RECTIFICATION IN DISPERSIVE MEDIA

It is shown that the shapes of acoustic radiation-induced static strain and displacement pulses (rectified acoustic pulses) are defined locally by the energy density of the generating waveform. Dispersive properties are introduced analytically by assuming that the rectified pulses are functionally dependent on a phase factor that includes both dispersive and nonlinear terms. The dispersion causes an evolutionary change in the shape of the energy density profile that leads to the generation of solitons experimentally observed in fused silica.
Online sub-optimal obstacle avoidance

This paper presents an online planner for suboptimal obstacle avoidance. It generates near-shortest paths incrementally by avoiding obstacles optimally one at a time. In known environments, the obstacles are avoided in an order determined by a global criterion, whereas in unknown environment, obstacles are avoided as they are detected by on-board sensors. This avoidance strategy converges globally to the goal, regardless of the order in which the obstacles are selected. The planner is demonstrated for a point robot moving amongst general planar polygonal obstacles.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF PHAGE K ON STAPHYLOCOCCAL DEHYDROGENASES. II. ITS POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP TO SENSITIZATION AND CELL LYSIS.

Ralston, D. J. (University of California, Berkeley) and M. D. Perry. Inhibitory action of phage K on staphylococcal dehydrogenases. II. Its possible relationship to sensitization and cell lysis. J. Bacteriol. 86:740–748. 1963.—By measuring the reduction of the dye triphenyl tetrazolium chloride to the insoluble red formazan, an analysis was made of the inhibition by phage K of the dehydrogenase capacity of populations of Staphylococcus aureus K1, to determine to what extent this might be associated with the ability of phage K to sensitize the cells—a reaction characterized by the conversion of the cell wall to susceptibility to lysis by the staphylococcal enzyme, virolysin. Increasing multiplicities of phage progressively increased the fractions of sensitized cells and also caused increasing inhibition of the dehydrogenase activity of the populations. The dehydrogenase activities of the sensitized fractions were compared with those of the nonsensitized fractions. Over a wide range of phage-bacterium ratios, the dehydrogenase activities of the sensitized fractions were found to be lower than those of the nonsensitized fractions. Microscopically, this was reflected by the appearance of large numbers of cells with a reduced amount of visible formazan granules. When lysin was added to the phage-treated cells, lysis occurred mainly from cell fractions which possessed little or no tetrazolium-reducing capacity. The data indicated that sensitization by phage was accompanied by a marked decrease in cellular dehydrogenase activity but was not associated with a complete inhibition of these enzymes. A comparison was made between the dehydrogenases of phage-sensitized cells and cells found to be “spontaneously” sensitive to virolysin, i.e., lysed by the enzyme without any prior exposure to phage. Like phage-sensitized cells, the spontaneously sensitized staphylococci possessed low dehydrogenase activity and lacked the capacity to support phage synthesis. In tests of a given cell preparation, the dehydrogenase levels of the phage-sensitized fractions were found to be close to, or even lower than, the level of the spontaneously sensitized fraction, suggesting that in S. aureus K1 the sensitized state is associated in some manner with a reduction of the dehydrogenase activity to a critical level. There is as yet no evidence for any direct causal relationship between sensitization and dehydrogenase inhibition. Images
Profile of the virtual employee and their office

Successful virtual enterprises are highly dependent on productive and efficient employees. A mix of technical knowledge, behavior attributes, and leadership skills enable a virtual associate. Enterprises can no longer employ professionals from "cradle to grave ". In a competitive, global environment where value added and cost containment are key, the virtual employee reins.
Die elektrische Doppelschicht

Die erste quantitative Darstellung der elektrischen Doppelschicht war die von Gouy und Chapman. Die Modifikation von Stern enthalt zwei neue und wertvolle Begriffe, aber die Gleichungen lassen sich nicht auf numerische Berechnung anwenden. Eine weitere Annahme, welche numerische Berechnungen in Abwesenheit der spezifischen Adsorption zulast, wurde vorgeschlagen. Theorie und Experiment stimmen uberein. Messungen der Kapazitat der elektrischen Doppelschicht auf Quecksilber machten es moglich, die ionischen Komponenten der Ladung und das Potential der Gouy-Ebene auszuwerten. Dielektrische Sattigung war wichtig in der inneren Zone, jedoch unwichtig in dem diffusen Teil der Doppelschicht.
Energy Calculations Predict Nanoparticle Attachment Orientations and Asymmetric Crystal Formation

Novel nanomaterials properties can stem from unusual morphologies that arise via oriented attachment (OA)-based crystal growth. However, the currently understood thermodynamic driving force of surface energy reduction for OA cannot predict experimental observation of attachment on relatively low energy surfaces in some crystals or sequential OA events that result in nanocrystals with morphology not predicted by symmetry. In this work, using molecular energetic calculations, we show that orientation-specific long-range interatomic interactions, in addition to surface energy reduction, predict morphology development and explain how OA produces crystals with lower symmetry than the initial material. Results also show that Coulombic interactions, rather than van der Waals interactions, control OA of ionic nanocrystals. Our computational approach and results can guide the selection or design of nanomaterials to achieve desired morphology as well as new physical and chemical properties.
Excess volatility of realized excess profit from currency speculation in a two-country general equilibrium model

This paper examines whether the Lucas model can explain stylized facts in foreign exchange markets, by employing Monte Carlo studies. It is assumed that changes in the logarithms of endowments and of money supplies follow a multivariate Markov switching process. From the results of the Monte Carlo studies, with plausible values of the preference parameters, the excess volatility of the realized excess profit from currency speculation, the strong autocorrelation of the forward premium in the sample can be found in the model for four exchange rates. However, the implied covariance between the forward premium and depreciation rates is positive.
Biochemical and immunological studies on an α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from the tephritid fly, Anastrepha suspensa

A rapid and efficient procedure has been developed for the purification of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from the tephritid fly Anastrepha suspensa. This procedure is applicable to the isolation of the enzyme from other tephritids. The A. suspensa α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is dimeric with a molecular weight of 70,000 and a subunit molecular weight of 35,000. The pH optimum of the enzyme is 7.0. The amino acid composition is compared with that of other α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases. By means of the quantitative microcomplement fixation procedure the A. suspensa α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is compared immunologically to a variety of other tephritid and dipteran α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases.
Radiative Lifetimes and Ultraviolet Branching Fractions for Resonance Lines of Co II

Radiative lifetime measurements are combined with experimental branching fraction measurements to give 28 absolute oscillator strengths for ultraviolet lines of Co II. The radiative lifetimes are determined by laser-induced fluorescence measurements, and the branching fractions are measured using a high-resolution grating spectrometer and an optically thin hollow cathode discharge. The oscillator strengths establish the absolute scale for relative absorption oscillator strength measurements made with the high-sensitivity absorption spectroscopy experiment at the University of Wisconsin.
Alendronate Inhibits PTH (1–34)-induced Bone Morphogenetic Protein Expression in MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblastic Cells

The bisphosphonate class of antiresorptive drugs and active forms of parathyroid hormone (PTH (1–34)) have been used clinically to enhance bone mass and density in patients with osteoporosis. Abundant evidence suggests that the mechanism by which PTH (1–34) increases bone density is stimulation of osteoblast differentiation. Although bisphosphonates have been classically thought to increase bone density by inhibiting osteoclasts, there is increasing evidence to suggest that bisphosphonates have direct stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation. Interestingly, in patients with osteoporosis, combination therapy with bisphosphonates and PTH (1–34) is not synergistic in increasing bone density; bisphosphonates appear to blunt the effect of PTH (1–34). To begin to understand the mechanism governing the effects of these agents on osteoblasts and a possible explanation for their apparent antagonism, we examined the expression of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells either untreated, or treated with alendronate, parathyroid hormone, or a combination of the two agents. We find by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that while alendronate fails to induce the expression of any of the BMPs tested, several BMPs are induced by PTH (1–34). The induction of the PTH (1–34)-inducible BMPs is blocked with simultaneous alendronate treatment. These data suggest that alendronate interferes with PTH (1–34)-induced BMP gene transcription and provides a possible basis for the antagonism observed between the two agents in increasing bone density.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Time of Sowing of Sugar Beet on Aphid Infestation and Spread of Virus Yellows

SUMMARY Aphid infestation and incidence of plants with virus yellows in sugar-beet crops at Broom's Barn Experimental Station from 1964 to 1968 differed greatly with changes in densities of stand ranging from 8,000 to 68,000 plants per acre (0.4047 ha), and with changes in sowing date. The numbers of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and of Aphis fabae Scop, infesting beet during June and July, the numbers of virus-itifected plants per unit area, and the percentages of plants with yellows, usually decreased as the plant population increased but usually increased with delay in sowing from mid-March to early May.
Carbon isotopes in soils and palaeosols as ecology and palaeoecology indicators

THERE are few quantitative techniques in use today for palaeoecological reconstruction in terrestrial depositional systems. One approach to such reconstructions is to estimate the proportion of C3 to C4 plants once present at a site using carbon isotopes from palaeosol carbonates1–3. Until now, this has been hampered by an inadequate understanding of the relationship between the carbon isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and coexisting organic matter. Here we have found that the two systematically differ by 14–16% in undisturbed modern soils. This difference is compatible with isotopic equilibrium between gaseous CO2, and aqueous and solid carbonate species in a soil system controlled by diffusive mass transfer of soil CO2 derived from irreversible oxidation of soil organic matter. Organic matter and pedogenic carbonate from palaeosols of Pleistocene to late Miocene age in Pakistan also differ by 14–16%,. This indicates that diagenesis has not altered the original isotopic composition of either phase, thus confirming their use in palaeoecological reconstruction.
Flow Cytometry Baseline on Peripheral Leukocyte Cell Profiles for Dairy Goat Kids

Small ruminants, like goats, would make excellent animal models for not only infectious diseases in large ruminants but also analogous diseases in humans, such as human tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, melioidosis and brucellosis. The main disadvantage for the small ruminant model is the lack of sufficient baseline data on normal, healthy goat kids. Furthermore, most reagents (antibodies and the like) were not developed for goats or sheep. It is important to demonstrate that available resources, especially from the bovine system, cross-react with the caprine and/or ovine system. Finally, potential breed differences have to be evaluated before goat or sheep studies are compared. In this study, leukocyte cell populations were defined in twenty-six dairy goat kids via flow cytometry. We report no significant differences between three breeds of dairy goat kids and demonstrate the effective use of various antibodies for caprine immune cell markers. No breed-specific differences were detected for any leukocyte cell population or for markers specific for various antigen-presenting cells or T cell populations. Interestingly, however, statistical significant differences were found for leukocyte cell populations for the two different time points two weeks apart presented in this study.
Integrin α2 and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Are Functionally Linked in Highly Malignant Autocrine Transforming Growth Factor-α-driven Colon Cancer Cells

Recently, we have shown that autocrine transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) controls the expression of integrin alpha2, cell adhesion to collagen IV and motility in highly progressed HCT116 colon cancer cells (Sawhney, R. S., Zhou, G-H. K., Humphrey, L. E., Ghosh, P., Kreisberg, J. I., and Brattain, M. G. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 75-86). We now report that expression of basal integrin alpha2 and its biological effects are controlled by constitutive activation of the extracellular signal-regulated/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. Treatment of cells with selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors PD098059 and U0126 showed that integrin alpha2 expression, cell adhesion, and activation of ERK are inhibited in a parallel concentration-dependent fashion. Moreover, autocrine TGF-alpha-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor activation was shown to control the constitutive activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, since neutralizing antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor was able to block basal ERK activity. TGF-alpha antisense-transfected cells also showed attenuated activation of ERK. Using a real time electric cell impedance sensing technique, it was shown that ERK-dependent integrin alpha2-mediated cell micromotion signaling is controlled by autocrine TGF-alpha. Thus, this study implicates ERK/MAPK signaling activated by endogenous TGF-alpha as one of the mechanistic features controlling metastatic spread.
The INBONE Total Ankle Replacement

Total ankle replacement represents an alternative to arthrodesis in the setting of advanced ankle arthrosis. The INBONE total ankle system is a Food and Drug Administration-approved, nonmobile-bearing implant with intramedullary modular stems that afford additional fixation in both the tibia and talus. Although approved for use only with cement, it is used universally without cement. A sophisticated leg assembly and intramedullary guidance system greatly increase the accuracy of implant position. Increased polyethylene thickness with a saddle geometry spreads out stresses across the ankle joint while maintaining stability. Although formal clinical data have not been published, the implant shows promise and may be well suited not only for standard primary total ankle replacement, but also in the setting of instability, moderate deformity, or failure of previous arthroplasty. As always, patients should be alerted to the potential complications with total ankle replacement. The purpose of this article is to describe the surgical technique for implanting the INBONE total ankle.
Changing risk perceptions and food-handling practices of Oregon household food preparers

Results of 1986 and 1995/6 statewide random surveys were compared to assess changes in the risk perceptions and food-handling practices of Oregon food preparers. The 1986 survey revealed that perishable foods (baked potatoes, hard-boiled eggs, sliced turkey and cream pie) were often held at room temperature for longer than 2–3 h. Those who perceived greater food safety risks were significantly less likely to report temperature abuse of cream pie (P < 0·02) and baked potatoes (P < 0·001). Respondents reported serving raw and/or rare animal products (fish, milk, hamburger and pork) in both surveys. More food preparers perceived that serving undercooked foods was a ‘high’ risk in 1995/6 than in 1986. More (88%) also perceived that serving raw hamburger was a ‘high’ risk in 1995/6 than in 1986 (52%), possibly because of media coverage linking under-cooked hamburgers to the E. coli 0157:H7 outbreak in the Pacific Northwest. Those who perceived a ‘high’ risk were less likely to serve raw fish (P < 0·038) and raw milk (P < 0·002). Significantly more females perceived raw milk to be a ‘high’ risk (P < 0·003). The risks of consuming both raw fish and raw milk were more likely to be underestimated, however. Food safety education is therefore needed to help food preparers to identify ‘high’ risk foods and to motivate them to minimize risks.
Amylase secretion by sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., cell cultures grown on various carbon sources

Cell cultures of sweet potato grown in media containing sucrose, glucose, maltose, or starch secreted amylase into the growth medium. The growth rate of cells was not appreciably affected by the carbon source employed for growth, although cells grown on sucrose had a slightly longer lag period before exponential growth occurred. Amylase levels inside the cells were not affected by carbon source, but the amount of amylase released into the medium was drastically affected. Maltose-grown cells released the most amylase while sucrose-grown cells released the least. Cells grown in the light released about twice as much amylase as cells grown in the dark when grown on glucose, maltose, or starch. Three amylase electrophoretic forms were found in the storage root tissue from which all cultures were derived. Cells grown in culture exhibited either two or three amylase forms, depending on the carbon source. The slowest migrating root amylase was found only in cells grown on starch. The root amylase having intermediate mobility was present in all cultures, as was a form having higher mobility than the most mobile root form. The fastest migrating electrophoretic form from the root was not present in any of the cells.
Nitrate reductase in Peru current phytoplankton

Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was assayed by measuring the NADH-dependent formation of nitrite in phytoplankton extracts. NR specific activity increased with the nitrate concentration of the water in upwelling areas of the Peru Current. The temperature optimum for NR for natural phytoplankton was 15° to 20°C. NR activity showed diel periodicity, with maximum activity about noon and minimum activity near midnight local time. Rate of nitrate reduction in the extracts averaged only about 15% of the rate of nitrate assimilation in the whole cells.
Green N-Methylation of Electron Deficient Pyrroles with Dimethylcarbonate

The N-methylation of electron-deficient pyrroles was affected using dimethyl carbonate in the presence of DMF and catalytic DABCO. This alkylation methodology has proven useful for the alkylation o...
UltraFlow access networks: A dual-mode solution for the access bottleneck

Optical Flow Switching (OFS) is promised to be an efficient solution for large Internet data transfers. In this paper, we introduce UltraFlow Access, a novel optical access network architecture that offers dual-mode service to its end-users: IP and OFS. With UltraFlow Access, we design and implement a new control plane and a novel dual-mode network stack to ensure efficient connection setup, and reliable and optimal data transmission. Experimental testbed results demonstrate concurrent error-free transmission of 10 Gbps per-wavelength OFS and 1.25 Gbps conventional IP, delivered over the same infrastructure.
Salmonella-induced macrophage death: the role of caspase-1 in death and inflammation.

Salmonella typhimurium invades host macrophages and can induce either an almost immediate cell death or establish an intracellular niche within the phagocytic vacuole. Rapid cell death depends on the Salmonella pathogenicity island SPI1 and the host protein caspase-1, a member of the pro-apoptotic caspase family of proteases. Caspase-1-dependent cell death leads to the activation of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to produce bioactive cytokines. Animal studies indicate that the activation of these cytokines is necessary for efficient colonization of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Salmonella that reside in the phagocytic vacuole do not cause this early cell death and can trigger a macrophage death at a much later time point. This late-phase cell death is dependent on SPI2-encoded genes and ompR.
Measuring soil frost depth in forest ecosystems with ground penetrating radar

a b s t r a c t Soil frost depth in forest ecosystems can be variable and depends largely on early winter air temperatures and the amount and timing of snowfall. A thorough evaluation of ecological responses to seasonally frozen ground is hampered by our inability to adequately characterize the frequency, depth, duration and intensity of soil frost events. We evaluated the use of ground penetrating radar to nondestructively delineate soil frost under field conditions in three forest ecosystems. Soil frost depth was monitored periodically using a 900 MHz antenna in South Burlington, Vermont (SB), Sleepers River Watershed, North Danville, Vermont (SR) and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire (HBEF) during winter 2011-2012 on plots with snow and cleared of snow. GPR-based estimates were compared to data from thermistors and frost tubes, which estimate soil frost depth with a color indicating solution. In the absence of snow, frost was initially detected at a depth of 8-10 cm. Dry snow up to 35 cm deep, enhanced near-surface frost detection, raising the minimum frost detection depth to 4-5 cm. The most favorable surface conditions for GPR detection were bare soil or shallow dry snow where frost had penetrated to the minimum detectable depth. Unfavorable conditions included: standing water on frozen soil, wet snow, thawed surface soils and deep snow pack. Both SB and SR were suitable for frost detection most of the winter, while HBEF was not. Tree roots were detected as point reflections and were readily discriminated from continuous frost reflections. The bias of GPR frost depth measurements relative to thermistors was site dependent averaging 0.1 cm at SB and 1.1 cm at SR, and was not significantly different than zero. When separated by snow manipulation treatment at SR, overestimation of soil frost depth (5.5 cm) occurred on plots cleared of snow and underestimation (−1.5 cm) occurred on plots with snow. Despite some limitations posed by site and surface suitability, GPR could be useful for adding a spatial component to pre-installed soil frost monitoring networks. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Mourid Barghouti’s “multiple displacements”: exile and the national checkpoint in Palestinian literature

The article seeks to demonstrate a post-Saidian theory of Palestinian exile via a close reading of Mourid Barghouti’s memoirs I Saw Ramallah (1997; trans. 2000) and I Was Born There, I Was Born Here (2009; trans. 2011). After outlining Anna Bernard’s objections to Said, it then traces Barghouti’s development of a more fluid, encompassing notion of exile that resists idealization while remaining faithful to the core postcolonial issues of colonial history and the Nakba. By carefully attending to Barghouti’s experiences at Allenby Bridge, it argues that the national checkpoint is a pivotal site where the dynamic of post-Saidian exile is defined. These experiences suggest temporal and generational modes of exile that, supplementing Patrick Williams’s delineation of the various “modes of dispossession experienced by Palestinians”, are central to a wider theorization. I conclude that post-Saidian exile comprises an important new direction for a postcolonial studies attuned to Palestine’s colonial history.
Über die Breite derK α-Linien von gasförmigem Krypton und von Elementen in chemischen Verbindungen

Mit Hilfe von Kathodenstrahlanregung und Analyse im Doppelkristallspektrometer wurden die Breiten derK α-Linien von Kr, Rb (RbCl), Br (KBr) und Cu (Cu, CuO und CuF) gemessen. Die Werte fur Kr liegen auf der Kurve, die man durch die von Allison an Elementen zwischenZ=26 und 47 gemessenen Daten legen kann. Hier ist also kein merklicher Einflus des Aggregatzustandes auf die Linienbreite vorhanden. Dagegen liegen die Werte von Rb und Br, ferner von CuF2 betrachtlich uber der Kurve und lassen somit einen Einflus der chemischen Bindung auf die Linienbreite erkennen.
Achieving graft-versus-tumor effect in brain tumor patients: from autologous progenitor cell transplant to active immunotherapy

Success in treating aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma multiforme and medulloblastoma remains challenging, in part because these malignancies overcome CNS immune surveillance. New insights into brain tumor immunology have led to a rational development of immunotherapeutic strategies, including cytotoxic Tlymphocyte therapies and dendritic cell vaccines. However, these therapies are most effective when applied in a setting of minimal residual disease, so require prior use of standard cytotoxic therapies or cytoreduction by surgery. Myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) can offer a platform upon which different cellular therapies can be effectively instituted. Specifically, this approach provides an inherent 'chemical debulking' through high-dose chemotherapy and a graft-versus-tumor effect through an autologous T-cell replete graft. Furthermore, autoHCT may be beneficial in 'resetting' the body's immune system, potentially 'breaking' tumor tolerance, and in providing a 'boost' of immune effector cells (NK cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes), which could augment desired anti-tumor effects. As literature on the use of autoHCT in brain tumors is scarce, aspects of immunotherapies applied in non-CNS malignancies are reviewed as potential therapies that could be used in conjunction with autoHCT to eradicate brain tumors.
A Triple Layer, Planar Coordinate Model for Describing Counterion Association to Micelles

A planar triple-layer model describing ion association to micelles composed of the anionic surfactant dodecylsulfate (DS-) was developed and evaluated. The governing Poisson−Boltzmann equation was ...
A mathematical model for the hemolysin of measles virus.

Abstract A combination of theoretical and empirical approaches have been utilized to develop an accurate and reproducible method for the quantitation of the hemolysin activity associated with measles virus virions. Such a method will be of use in the study of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in viral-induced hemolysis and cell fusion.
A History of Anatomy Theaters in Sixteenth-Century Padua

The history of anatomy includes not only professors and the support of their institutions but also medical students. Because medical students were quick to assess a teacher's pedagogy, their complaints tell us a great deal about the transition from Galenic to Aristotelian projects of anatomy. When Fabricius of Aquapendente instituted a new style of anatomical inquiry, one based on Aristotle and the search for universal principles, students repeatedly complained that his demonstrations did not provide technical education in structural anatomy (as demonstrations employing a hands-on, Galenic pedagogy did). Within the new anatomy theater (the second of its kind in Padua), however, students were persuaded to accept Fabricius's demonstrations. Fabricius's philosophical orientation combined with the formal atmosphere and aesthetic features of the new theater to create anatomy demonstrations that relied on orations and music for their structure (rather than on the progressive stages of human dissection). A place that emphasized a discourse of anatomy as the study of the "secrets of nature," the new theater so effectively publicized a new style of anatomy that a larger, more diverse group of spectators attended subsequent demonstrations and participated in the celebration of leading academic figures as well as the institution of the university.
Genetically inbred Balb/C mice are more sensitive to an effect of flurazepam and more resistant to an effect of stress than a genetically outbred mouse strain

The inbred Balb/c mouse strain was more sensitive than the outbred NIH Swiss mouse to flurazepam's ability to antagonize electrically precipitated seizures. In prior work, a reduction in flurazepam's antiseizure efficacy was not observed 24h after forcing Balb/c mice to swim for up to 10 min in ambient temperature water. Thus, we wondered if a stress-induced reduction would be observed after forcing mice to swim for up to 10 min in cold (6 degrees C) water, a more severe stress. The current data show that 24 h after exposure to this stress, the ability of flurazepam to raise the threshold voltage for the elicitation of tonic hindlimb extension in the Balb/c mouse strain was reduced. The genetically inbred Balb/c mouse strain is emerging as an interesting animal model in which to study interactions of stress and genetic factors that affect endogenous neurotransmission mediated by l-glutamate and GABA at the NMDA and GABA(A) receptor complexes, respectively.
Further study of the diagnostic and screening efficiency of the ST-Depression Adjective Check Lists

In order to provide additional data on the diagnostic efficiency of the DACL in a situation in which dual diagnoses that involve depression also are considered, two groups of psychiatric patients completed DACL list E and independently were assigned psychiatric diagnoses via the Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview. Findings indicate that the DACL may be of considerable use in screening for depression. Sensitivity was high for both males and females (.84 and .80, respectively) with a cutting score of 12/13. Correct classification rates were also between 4 and 10% higher than base rates.
Dust-to-gas ratios of the GALFA-H I Compact Cloud Catalog

We have searched for infrared dust emission from subsets of compact, Galactic neutral hydrogen clouds, with the purpose of looking for dust in high-velocity clouds, identifying low-velocity halo clouds, and investigating the cloud populations defined in the GALFA-HI Compact Cloud Catalog. We do not detect dust emission from high-velocity clouds. The lack of dust emission from a group of low-velocity clouds supports the claim that they are low-velocity halo clouds. We detect dust in the remaining low-velocity clouds, indicating a Galactic origin, with a significantly greater dust-to-gas ratio for clouds with linewidths near 15 km/s. We propose that this is due to dust associated with ionized gas.
Targeting the hypoxia pathway in uveal melanoma cells

Uveal melanoma is the most frequent intraocular cancer in adults and cause significant mortality due to hematogenous dissemination. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), a master regulator of the hypoxic response, is associated with aggressive uveal melanomas. Here we investigated the mechanism responsible for the prometastatic effect of HIF1α and its downstream targets. HIF1α protein was relatively abundant in the OCM1, OMM1, Mel290 and 92.1 lines grown in normoxia (21% pO2), and was further induced in hypoxia (1% pO2), as well as the mRNA levels of VEGF and LOX, two transcriptional targets of HIF1α. Interestingly, low oxygen tension increased the ability of uveal melanoma cells to invade Matrigel. Genetic suppression of HIF1α by shRNA significantly decreased growth in hypoxia (p<0.0001) and impaired cellular invasion both in normoxia and hypoxia (p<0.0001), suggesting that HIF1α is necessary for invasion even in normoxia. To determine downstream targets, we examined Notch pathway members, which we have previously linked to uveal melanoma invasion, and found that Notch ligand Jag2 and target Hey1 were induced by hypoxia, and their expression was reduced using HIF1α shRNA, suggesting a crosstalk between hypoxia and Notch pathways.
Social anxiety and technology: Face-to-face communication versus technological communication among teens

This study examined teens' use of socially interactive technologies (SITs), such as online social sites, cell phones/text messaging, and instant messaging (IM), and the role that social anxiety plays on how teens communicate with others (technologically or face-to-face). Participants included 280 high school students from a large western city. On average, 35-40% of teens reported using cell phones/text messaging and online social sites between 1 and 4h daily, 24% reported using IMs 1-4h daily and only 8% reported using email between 1 and 4h daily. Females tended to use cell phones/text messaging and online social sites more so than did males. In assessing social anxiety, analyses revealed a positive relationship between social anxiety (not comfortable talking with others face-to-face) and (1) talking with others online and (2) talking with others via text messaging. In contrast, there was a positive relationship between the lack of social anxiety (feeling ''comfortable'' talking with others) and making friends online. Assessing gender differences and social anxiety also revealed significant differences. Results revealed females reported more social anxiety (not comfortable talking with others in person) than did males. In addition, females, more than males, reported feeling more comfortable using SITs (text messaging and online social sites only) rather than talking with others face-to-face.
Malignant lymphoma can present as hepatobiliary disease

BACKGROUND Liver involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually represents systemic progression of a low grade lymphoma. Sixteen patients without palpable lymphadenopathy who presented with features suggesting hepatic inflammation were found to have non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the liver. METHODS Tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue to determine phenotype. Patients' medical records were reviewed for clinical details. RESULTS Clinical presentation included fever, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was absent. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were common. Imaging studies revealed a homogeneous pattern of liver involvement without a discrete mass. Histologically, infiltration of the liver was predominantly portal, consisting of large, atypical cells scattered within a background of small lymphoid cells. By immunohistochemistry, it was determined that eight were T-cell and eight were B-cell lymphomas. Of the eight patients who had lymph node sampling, three showed involvement by diffuse mixed, small cleaved, and large cell lymphomas. Each of these three involved lymph nodes was located near the liver. Bone marrow infiltration was demonstrated in 10 of the 11 patients in whom it was sampled. Eleven of the 16 patients died 2 days to 31 months after diagnosis, and at last follow-up, 5 patients were alive 2 weeks to 13 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can present with hepatic dysfunction and without peripheral lymphadenopathy. This presentation of lymphoma is associated with extensive disease and an aggressive course. Cancer 1996;78:2011-9.
Penetration of the inferior vena cava and adjacent organs after filter placement is associated with retrievable filter type and length of time in place

Objective Concern over local complications of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters exists, but little long-term data are available. Referrals for filter penetrations on computed tomography (CT) have increased with no standards for management. We reviewed postfilter CT findings in our institution. Methods All patients receiving IVC filters between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009 with a postfilter CT were reviewed. Penetration was graded with a previously published scale. Filter indication, type, and subsequent encounters for abdominal or back pain were recorded. Results A total of 591 patients had a filter during the study period. Of these, 262 had an adequate postfilter CT, comprising the study group. Indications were prophylaxis in 16.4% and venous thromboembolism in 83.6%. Of filters placed for venous thromboembolism, indications were absolute (inability/failure of anticoagulation) in 44.7% and relative in 55.3%. Retrievable filters made up 92.7% of the filters, and 7.3% were permanent type. Of the retrievable filters, 1.6% were retrieved. One hundred twenty (45.8%) filters had grade 2 or 3 penetration. Another 38.2% (100) had struts immediately adjacent to the external aspect of the IVC, which may represent tenting of the cava. Grade 2 or 3 penetration occurred in 49.0% of retrievable filters but only 5.3% of permanent filters ( P = .0001). Grade 2 or 3 penetration occurred in 18.2% of filters less than 30 days old but in 57.3% of filters 30 days old or older ( P Conclusions A majority of filters were placed for prophylaxis or relative indications and were retrievable type. Retrieval rate was low. Penetration of the IVC and adjacent organs was common and associated with retrievable type and length of time in place. It is unclear if most penetrations cause problems. Monitoring of penetrations with CT may be important to understand the natural history of this condition.
Multiplet splitting in the 3p XPS of low-spin Co(III) compounds

Abstract We have measured the 3p XPS spectra of Co(NH3)2Cl3, Co(acetylacetonate)3 and K3Co(CN)6, all low-spin octahedral compounds, and compared the spectra with the predicted multiples structure. The agreement is good. The spectra also display some sort of satellite feature not due to multiplet structure, which we cannot assign.
HOMOMORPHISMS OF BANACH ALGEBRAS WITH RANGE IN C1[0, 1]

Many commutative semisimple Banach algebras B including B = C (X), X compact, and B = L1 (G), G locally compact, have the property that every homomorphism from B into C1[0, 1] is compact. In this paper we consider this property for uniform algebras. Several examples of homomorphisms from somewhat complicated algebras of analytic functions to C1[0, 1] are shown to be compact. This, together with the fact that every homomorphism from the disc algebra and from the algebra H∞ (∆), ∆ = unit disc, to C1[0, 1] is compact, led to the conjecture that perhaps every homomorphism from a uniform algebra into C1[0, 1] is compact. The main result to which we devote the second half of this paper, is to construct a compact Hausdorff space X, a uniformly closed subalgebra of C (X), and an arc ϕ: [0, 1] → X such that the transformation T defined by Tf = f ◦ ϕ is a (bounded) homomorphism of into C1[0, 1] which is not compact.
The impact of a moderated e-mail discussion group on use of complementary and alternative therapies in subjects with recurrent back pain

Abstract Objective: The purpose was to examine whether or not participation in an e-mail discussion group would affect use of selected complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities during an Internet-based, 1-year randomized, controlled trial on back pain management. Methods: Intervention subjects ( n = 190) participated in a closed, moderated e-mail discussion group; control subjects ( n = 231) received usual care. At 1 year, we compared CAM use over the previous 6-month period during which intervention subjects had had interactive discussions about them. Differences in CAM use between groups were compared using Chi-square and t -tests. Results: Subjects did not differ statistically between groups ( p > 0.05). They were Caucasian (∼91%), male (∼60%), in their mid-40s, well educated, had ∼13 years back pain duration, a disability level ∼10 (Roland–Morris scale: 0–23; 23 = worst), and >80% had used the Internet for greater than a year before the randomized trial. During the study period, only small proportions in either group had initiated use of glucosamine (13% versus 8%), chiropractic services (5% versus 4%), acupuncture (3%, both), yoga (6% versus 4%), or magnets (6%, both). Conclusion: Results suggest that participation in interactive discussions over the Internet about these CAM modalities may not affect their use.
Aspergillus Endophthalmitis After Sutureless Cataract Surgery

Purpose We studied a case of Aspergillus endophthalmitis after sutureless cataract surgery. Methods A patient underwent sutureless phacoemulsification complicated by a posterior capsular tear. She subsequently developed Aspergillus endophthalmitis. Amphotericin B was injected intravitreally at the time of repeat pars plana vitrectomy. Results The eye was enucleated because of pain and poor response to treatment. Conclusions We recommend suturing the wound in any eye that has experienced a complication of surgery.
AUSUM: approach for unsupervised bug report summarization

In most software projects, resolved bugs are archived for future reference. These bug reports contain valuable information on the reported problem, investigation and resolution. When bug triaging, developers look for how similar problems were resolved in the past. Search over bug repository gives the developer a set of recommended bugs to look into. However, the developer still needs to manually peruse the contents of the recommended bugs which might vary in size from a couple of lines to thousands. Automatic summarization of bug reports is one way to reduce the amount of data a developer might need to go through. Prior work has presented learning based approaches for bug summarization. These approaches have the disadvantage of requiring large training set and being biased towards the data on which the model was learnt. In fact, maximum efficacy was reported when the model was trained and tested on bug reports from the same project. In this paper, we present the results of applying four unsupervised summarization techniques for bug summarization. Industrial bug reports typically contain a large amount of noise---email dump, chat transcripts, core-dump---useless sentences from the perspective of summarization. These derail the unsupervised approaches, which are optimized to work on more well-formed documents. We present an approach for noise reduction, which helps to improve the precision of summarization over the base technique (4% to 24% across subjects and base techniques). Importantly, by applying noise reduction, two of the unsupervised techniques became scalable for large sized bug reports.
Persistent immunity after therapeutic vaccination targeting HER2/neu correlated with post-vaccination magnitude of interferon gamma Elispot responses

Meeting abstracts As therapeutic vaccination approaches are explored for cancer therapy, there is a need to identify milestones that can predict the successful induction of sustained immunity. We examined whether the magnitude of immune responses seen prior to vaccination or at the completion of a
Neurosensory retinal detachment secondary to torpedo maculopathy

Abstract Background Torpedo maculopathy has been characterized as a congenital retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) nevus. Case A 38-year-old black woman presented with a chief complaint of intermittent floating spots in the right eye of 7 months' duration. Dilated fundoscopy found a “torpedo-shaped” lesion, with the tip of the lesion pointing toward the temporal macula. Visual field testing found a paracentral nasal defect, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) found a sensory retinal detachment. Conclusion This lesion was unique because of the visibly detectable alterations seen in the photoreceptor layer of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the setting of what was confirmed as a neurosensory retinal detachment. Torpedo maculopathy, although benign, may be visually devastating if its neurosensory etiopatholgy involves the macula. Even so, it rarely requires intervention.