cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of a novel K+ channel regulatory protein, KChAP.

Next Section Abstract Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are important in the physiology of both excitable and nonexcitable cells. The diversity in Kv currents is reflected in multiple Kv channel genes whose products may assemble as multisubunit heteromeric complexes. Given the fundamental importance and diversity of Kv channels, surprisingly little is known regarding the cellular mechanisms regulating their synthesis, assembly, and metabolism. To begin to dissect these processes, we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify cytoplasmic regulatory molecules that interact with Kv channel proteins. Here we report the cloning of a novel gene encoding a Kv channel binding protein (KChAP, forK + channel-associatedprotein), which modulates the expression of Kv2 channels in heterologous expression system assays. KChAP interacts with the N termini of Kvα2 subunits, as well as the N termini of Kvα1 and the C termini of Kvβ subunits. Kv2.1 and KChAP were coimmunoprecipitated from in vitro translation reactions supporting a direct interaction between the two proteins. The amplitudes of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 currents are enhanced dramatically in Xenopus oocytes coexpressing KChAP, but channel kinetics and gating are unaffected. Although KChAP binds to Kv1.5, it has no effect on Kv1.5 currents. We suggest that KChAP may act as a novel type of chaperone protein to facilitate the cell surface expression of Kv2 channels.
Adjusting the distance of electrochemical microsensors from secreting cell monolayers on the micrometer scale using impedance.

There are emerging applications of electrochemical microsensors where the distance of the sensor from an insulating plane needs to be adjusted and/or accurately known. The plane may be merely an obstruction or the source of a species whose release rate needs to be measured. An example is in cell secretion studies where a monolayer of cells is stimulated to secrete ions and/or other biochemical species which then diffuse away from the cells while being measured by a microsensor. Sensor response will thus depend on both the rate of release and the distance of the sensor from the cells. To obtain accurate release rates, the precision of the scheme to control electrode distance from the monolayer needs to be on the micrometer scale for species with ionic diffusivities. Optical (stereomicroscope and microruler) and mechanical (precalibrated micrometer screw) methods to precisely position the electrode are difficult to use under realistic circumstances (due to opaqueness of the chamber, and/or the medium, or ir...
Suitability of the Feshbach-Lomon Potential for Hartree-Fock Calculations in Finite Nuclei

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method was used to calculate certain properties of light, spherical nuclei using the Feshbach-Lomon potential as the two-body interaction. It was found that these many-body calculations are extremely sensitive to certain parameters in the interaction which are left arbitrary by the fit to two-body scattering data. A set of values for these parameters was determined such that the results of the HF calculation for ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ were reasonable. The binding energies and rms radii of ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$, and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{48}$ were then calculated and found to compare favorably with similar results using different interactions. A second-order calculation in a rather severely truncated space indicated that perturbation corrections are larger than those obtained with the Tabakin potential.
A systematic approach for mapping application tasks in hypercubes

A systematic approach for mapping application tasks to hypercubes is proposed. This method is based on a partitioning algorithm in which the final mapping is rendered as a task-node tuple assignment for an n-cube system. For this method, a single-tasking environment in which each task is assigned to a unique processor is assumed. Dilation-bound and expansion-ratio parameters are used to evaluate the efficacy of this mapping algorithm. An algorithm that minimizes the expansion-ratio parameter is introduced. In addition, an algorithm that reduces the dilaton bound is proposed. Because of the structured formation of the algorithms, they can be applied to any given task structure. As an illustration of the effectiveness of this method, the proposed algorithms are applied to mapping complete binary and d-ary tree task structures to hypercubes. >
Wavelength-Scanned Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Excitation Spectroscopy

We explore the correlation between localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of triangular Ag nanoparticles, molecular resonance, and the surface-enhanced resonance Raman excitation profile of molecules adsorbed on these nanostructures. Ag nanoparticles with various LSPRs were fabricated with nanosphere lithography (NSL). A monolayer of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) was introduced to the NSL Ag nanoparticles, and its effect on the LSPR was monitored by UV−vis spectroscopy. Wavelength-scanned surface-enhanced resonance Raman excitation spectroscopy (WS SERRES) profiles of Ru(bpy)32+ adsorbed on Ag nanoparticle arrays were measured for excitation wavelengths in the range of 400−500 nm. The WS SERRES profiles are correlated, both spatially and spectrally, with the corresponding LSPR spectra of the nanoparticle arrays and with the solution absorption spectrum of Ru(bpy)32+. The WS SERRES profile peak position depends on the relative spectral position of LSPR and the molecular resonance. Qu...
The Past and Future of Nursing Research

The past three decades have witnessed a remarkable growth in nursing science development. In both Korea and the United States, nurse scientists are poised to address important issues related to the prevention and management of significant health care problems. The need for greater nursing science development in the areas of self management, genetics, geriatrics, health promotion across the lifespan, technology, and mental health are briefly highlighted. Future research efforts will be enhanced by interdisciplinary collaboration and the creation of international nursing research centers. At the same time, we need to remain cognizant of the importance of mentoring future nurse scientists.
Guilt by Association: The Relationship between Deviant Peers and Deviant Labels

This study broadens labeling theory by examining the role deviant peers play in earlier stages of the labeling process. We propose that deviant peers serve as a source of information used in the decision to apply a deviant label by parents and school authorities. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health with cross-sectional (n = 12,011) and longitudinal (n = 9,267) samples, results show that higher levels of peer deviance are related to receiving both informal and formal labels. We also find that associating with deviant peers amplifies the effect of individual deviance on receiving an informal label.
Hemodynamics of pancreatic ischemia in cardiogenic shock in pigs

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Previous studies have shown that the renin- angiotensin axis plays a pivotal role in vasoconstriction of the gastric, intestinal, and hepatic circulations during cardiogenic shock. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fundamental hemodynamic mechanism of pancreatic ischemia during cardiogenic shock induced by pericardial tamponade. METHODS: Cardiogenic shock was induced by pericardial tamponade. Cardiac output (and total peripheral vascular resistance) was determined by thermodilution. Pancreatic blood flow (and vascular resistance) was determined with radiolabeled microspheres. RESULTS: Graded increases in pericardial pressure produced corresponding decreases in cardiac output to 42% +/- 1% and arterial pressure to 67% +/- 3% of baseline and increases in total peripheral vascular resistance to 146% +/- 5% of baseline. Pancreatic blood flow decreased disproportionately to 30% +/- 3% of baseline, because of a disproportionate increase in pancreatic vascular resistance to 220% +/- 19% of baseline. Previously confirmed blockade of the renin-angiotensin axis ablated this response, whereas confirmed blockade of the alpha-adrenergic system or vasopressin system had no significant effect. Without shock, central intravenous infusions of angiotensin II closely mimicked this selective vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin-mediated selective pancreatic vasoconstriction results in significant pancreatic ischemia during cardiogenic shock. (Gastroenterology 1997 Sep;113(3):938-45)
Biphasic modulation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion

Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the major source of reactive oxygen species during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ischemic defect and reperfusion-induced injury to ETC are critical in the disease pathogenesis of postischemic heart. The properties of ETC were investigated in an isolated heart model of global I/R. Rat hearts were subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h. Studies of mitochondrial function indicated a biphasic modulation of electron transfer activity (ETA) and ETC protein expression during I/R. Analysis of ETAs in the isolated mitochondria indicated that complexes I, II, III, and IV activities were diminished after 30 min of ischemia but increased upon restoration of flow. Immunoblotting analysis and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy further revealed marked downregulation of ETC in the ischemic heart and then upregulation of ETC upon reperfusion. No significant difference in the mRNA expression level of ETC was detected between ischemic and postischemic hearts. However, reperfusion-induced ETC biosynthesis in myocardium can be inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating the involvement of translational control. Immunoblotting analysis of tissue homogenates revealed a similar profile in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression, suggesting its essential role as an upstream regulator in controlling ETC biosynthesis during I/R. Significant impairment caused by ischemic and postischemic injury was observed in the complexes I- III. Analysis of NADH ferricyanide reductase activity indicated that injury of flavoprotein subcomplex accounts for 50% decline of intact complex I activity from ischemic heart. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of I/R-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
A study of MIMIM on-chip capacitor using Cu/SiO 2 interconnect technology

In this work, a new metal-insulator-metal-insulator-metal (MIMIM) on-chip capacitor is fabricated using Cu/SiO/sub 2/ backend technology. A capacitance density of 1.7 fF//spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been achieved with satisfactory dc and RF characteristics. Compared with conventional metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors, the MIMIM doubles the capacitance density without weakening quality in either dc or RF characteristics. Also, its yield is predictable. Therefore, it has been shown to be a convenient and reliable method to improve capacitance density for on-chip standard Cu/SiO/sub 2/ backend technology.
Secular trends in the fat and fat-free components of body mass index in children aged 8–18 years born 1958–1995

Background: It is unknown whether the secular trend in childhood BMI reflects increases in fat-free mass as well as fat mass. Methods: This study decomposed BMI trends in 488 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study born between 1958–1995 and aged 8–17.99 years into their fat and fat-free components. Generalized estimating equations estimated birth year cohort (1958–1970, 1971–1983, 1984–1995) effects on 2208 observations of BMI, fat mass index (FMI = fat mass (kg)/height (m)2) and fat-free mass index (FFMI = fat-free mass (kg)/height (m)2). Results: BMI in boys increased across cohorts, with those born between 1984–1995 being 2 kg/m2 larger than those born between 1958–1970 (p = 0.001) and increases in FMI were highly significant (p-values < 0.001). FFMI did not differ by cohort. In girls, there was a significant advantage in BMI (1.2 kg/m2) and FFMI (0.8 kg/m2) of the 1984–1995 cohort compared to the 1971–1983 cohort (p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Because the long term trend in childhood BMI in boys...
Efficient mining of frequent subgraphs in the presence of isomorphism

Frequent subgraph mining is an active research topic in the data mining community. A graph is a general model to represent data and has been used in many domains like cheminformatics and bioinformatics. Mining patterns from graph databases is challenging since graph related operations, such as subgraph testing, generally have higher time complexity than the corresponding operations on itemsets, sequences, and trees, which have been studied extensively. We propose a novel frequent subgraph mining algorithm: FFSM, which employs a vertical search scheme within an algebraic graph framework we have developed to reduce the number of redundant candidates proposed. Our empirical study on synthetic and real datasets demonstrates that FFSM achieves a substantial performance gain over the current start-of-the-art subgraph mining algorithm gSpan.
Are Qualitative Assessments of Background Parenchymal Enhancement, Amount of Fibroglandular Tissue on MR Images, and Mammographic Density Associated with Breast Cancer Risk?

Our study suggests that qualitative MR imaging background parenchymal enhancement assessment may useful in prediction of breast cancer risk.
An assessment of supplier-customer relationships

This research develops a classification framework of supplier-customer relationships. Data were collected from active relationship managers and provided the empirical basis for the classification scheme. The resulting relationships were classified into seven groups. Names for each type of relationship were developed based on a set of Delphi group responses.
On the size of PLAs required to realize binary and multiple-valued functions

Upper and lower bounds are shown for the average number of product terms required in the minimal realization, as a function of the number of nonzero output values. The variance, in addition to the bounds, allows conclusions to be drawn about how PLA size determines the set of realizable functions. Although the bounds are most accurate when there are few nonzero values, they are adequate for analyzing commercially available PLAs. The analysis shows that, for all but one commercially available PLA, the number of nonzero values is a statistically meaningful criterion for determining whether or not a given function is likely to be realized. >
Oleate Adsorption at an Apatite Surface Studied by Ex-Situ FTIR Internal Reflection Spectroscopy

Abstract Oleate adsorption at an apatite surface was investigated by ex-situ Fourier transform infrared internal reflection spectroscopy (FTIR/IRS). Adsorption isotherms have been determined using an apatite internal reflection element (IRE) and it has been found that pH has a significant influence on oleate adsorption by apatite. At pH 8.0 and 20°C, oleate adsorption density increases monotonically as equilibrium oleate concentration increases from 5 × 10−6to 1 × 10−3M. These results are in contrast to the results at pH 9.5 and 20°C in which case the adsorption density is limited to that corresponding to approximately monolayer coverage. Oleate adsorption by apatite was compared to oleate adsorption by fluorite and calcite and the different adsorption behavior at these three mineral surfaces is attributed to the differences in the densities of surface calcium sites and to the differences in the solubilities of these minerals. The spectral results at pH 8.0 and 20°C, suggest that the dominant adsorbed species at the apatite surface is oleic acid as indicated by the appearance of a strong IR absorbance peak at about 1710 cm−1for the whole oleate concentration range investigated from 5 × 10−6to 1 × 10−3M. On the other hand at pH 9.5, 20°C, and low surface coverage, it appears that oleate is chemisorbed as indicated by a peak at 1554 cm−1and an increased adsoption density at higher temperatures. Above what corresponds to monolayer coverage, surface precipitation of calcium dioleate salt is suggested by the doublet at 1575 and 1540 cm−1. At pH 9.5 and elevated temperature, 65°C, both chemisorption of oleate and surface precipitation of calcium dioleate at the apatite surface are enhanced. These FTIR/IRS spectra are compared with those obtained by the diffuse reflection technique, and the difference between the spectra are discussed. Finally, contact angles have been measured at the apatite IRE surface and it has been demonstrated that both the amount and the nature of the adsorbed species influence the hydrophobic state of the surface.
Peri-operative risk factors associated with early tissue expander (TE) loss following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR): A review of 9305 patients from the 2005–2010 ACS-NSQIP datasets

Summary Background Early loss of an implant is a serious complication following breast reconstruction. We assess perioperative risk factors associated with tissue expander (TE) loss following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using the ACS-NSQIP datasets. Methods We reviewed the 2005–2010 ACS-NSQIP databases identifying encounters for CPT codes for IBR using TE (19357). Patients were identified as experiencing a "loss of graft/prosthetic" based on a defined dataset variable. Patients who experienced a TE loss were compared to those who did not with respect to peri-operative characteristics. Results 9305 patients were identified who were on average 51.0 ± 10.5 years. Average length of stay was 1.7 ± 1.7 days. Patients experiencing early TE loss tended to have higher BMI ( P P P P P = 0.001). Patients experiencing TE loss also more frequently had longer operative times ( P = 0.0002), total length of stay ( P = 0.004), superficial surgical site infections ( P = 0.004), and deep surgical infections ( P 55 years) (OR = 2.0, P = 0.004), obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ) (OR = 1.7, P = 0.03), active smoking (OR = 4.0, P 1 SD above average) (OR = 2.2, P = 0.002), superficial wound infection (OR = 4.0, P = 0.002), and deep wound infection (OR = 9.1, P Discussion Early TE loss is a complex multifactorial process likely related to identifiable preoperative, modifiable risk factors and postoperative complications. This analysis highlights previous work demonstrating of the added risk of age, obesity, and active smoking.
15-GHz flexible microwave thin-film transistors on plastic

We demonstrate microwave flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) using transferrable single crystalline Si nanomembranes (NMs). By combining self-sustained strain techniques and strain compatible doping techniques, we realize a new speed record, fmax of 15 GHz, for flexible microwave TFTs based on Si. The TFTs exhibit superior mechanical flexibility. The demonstrations showed the great potential to further develop flexible microwave components and systems.
ABI compatibility through a customizable language

ZL is a C++-compatible language in which high-level constructs, such as classes, are defined using macros over a C-like core language. This approach makes many parts of the language easily customizable. For example, since the class construct can be defined using macros, a programmer can have complete control over the memory layout of objects. Using this capability, a programmer can mitigate certain problems in software evolution such as fragile ABIs (Application Binary Interfaces) due to software changes and incompatible ABIs due to compiler changes. In this paper, we outline the problem of fragile and incompatible ABIs and show how ZL can be used to solve them.
The effects of hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation, and dexamethasone on pulmonary antioxidant enzyme activity in the newborn piglet

It has been previously shown that prophylactic, intravenous dexamethasone (DEX) and intratracheal recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) ameliorate lung injury in newborn piglets treated with 48 hr of hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation. DEX has many pharmacologic effects, including the possible induction of antioxidant enzyme systems. To investigate whether the effects of DEX are mediated by an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, 5 groups of term newborn piglets were studied: Group 1 piglets were ventilated with room air for 48 hr; Group 2 animals were ventilated with 100% O2, for 48 hr; Group 3 animals were ventilated with room air for 48 hr and received DEX (0.7 mg/kg) every 12 h; Group 4 were ventilated with 100% O2, for 48 hr and also received DEX; Group 5 animals were not ventilated and were sacrificed at time 0. At the conclusion of the studies, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the lungs were removed and homogenized. Lung tissue and BAL were analyzed for SOD, catalase, GPX activities, and total protein concentration. No significant differences in any of these assays were seen in either lung tissue or BAL in the 5 groups. These observations indicate that 48 hr of hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation, or dexamethasone treatment does not induce activity of SOD, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the lungs of newborn piglets. Thus postnatal DEX appears to minimize neonatal lung injury by mechanisms that are independent of these enzymes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:107–111. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Finding Meaning through Volunteering: Why Do Employees Volunteer and What Does It Mean for Their Jobs?

Volunteering is prevalent and on the rise in the United States, but little research has examined the connection between individuals' volunteering and their jobs. In the absence of that research, it remains unclear whether employees volunteer to build on meaningful work experiences or to compensate for the lack of them. Similarly, it remains unclear whether volunteering is beneficial to jobs in some way or if it is a distraction, akin to moonlighting. In this research, several theoretical perspectives from the multiple domain literature--particularly, compensation, enhancement, and resource drain--were employed in two studies to examine the intersection between volunteering and work domains. Results suggested that volunteering was associated with both volunteer and job meaningfulness, and that the pull of meaningful volunteer work was even stronger when employees had less meaning in their jobs. The results further revealed benefits of volunteering for employers. Volunteering was related to job absorption but not job interference, and it was therefore associated with better job performance. Implications of these findings for future theorizing on volunteering are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Lower urinary tract function in the sheep fetus: studies of autonomic control and pharmacologic responses of the fetal bladder.

Abstract An experimental preparation was developed to study fetal bladder function. In 16 fetal sheep at 120 days’ gestation, two distinct types of bladder contractions were identified, one typical of contractions seen after birth and one phasic. Bladder capacity and intravesical pressure during contraction varied widely among fetuses, but residual urine was invariably less than one ml. Several drugs altered fetal bladder function: bethanechol decreased bladder capacity (6.8 vs. 13.6 ml.); atropine increased bladder capacity (27.3 vs. 6.8 ml.) and resulted in a 17-ml. residual urine; and ritodrine, magnesium sulfate and diltiazem inhibited bladder contractions and also resulted in residual urines of seven, six and seven ml. respectively. The fetal sheep bladder at 120 days’ gestation is under both cholinergic and beta-adrenergic control. Further, drugs currently administered to pregnant women for the treatment of pre-term labor and pre-eclampsia cross the placenta and can directly alter bladder function in the developing fetus and the neonate.
The Long-term Effects of Parental Incarceration Does Parental Incarceration in Childhood or Adolescence Predict Depressive Symptoms in Adulthood?

Researchers have linked parental incarceration to a host of short-term, negative consequences for children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether offspring experience some of these consequences, particularly depressive symptoms, as adults, especially racial/ethnic minorities who disproportionately experience parental incarceration. The present study uses data from Add Health to investigate whether parental incarceration during childhood or adolescence predicts depressive symptoms between ages 24 and 34 and whether race/ethnicity moderates this relationship. Results indicate that parental incarceration is associated with long-term consequences for some offspring, but not others. Specifically, respondents whose parent was first incarcerated before birth or age 1 appear to be at risk for adult depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the moderation analysis reveals similarities in the effects of parental incarceration across racial/ethnic groups. Findings from this study suggest that parental incarceration...
Stimulation of growth hormone release by intraventricular administration of 5HT or quipazine in unanesthetized male rats.

SummaryIntraventricular injection of 5HT (4 and 20 μg) in unanesthetized, unrestrained male rats fitted with permanent intrajugular cannulas for withdrawal of blood samples caused a dose-related elevation of plasma GH levels. Similar effects were also observed following intraventricular injection of the serotonin receptor agonist, quipazine. The GH-releasing effect of both drugs was abolished by a serotonin receptor blocker, methysergide. It is concluded that activation of the central serotoninergic system stimulates GH secretion in the rat.
Fine Structure of Early Endosperm Development in Hibiscus

SUMMARYEndosperm development prior to cell wall formation was observed in two species of Hibiscus section Furcaria: H. costatus, a diploid, and H. acetosella, an allotetraploid. During early development of the endosperm, divisions are free-nuclear, highly synchronous, and most nuclei contain only one nucleolus each. However, just prior to initiation of wall formation, the nuclei lose their division synchrony and the number of nucleoli per nucleus increases. The endosperm is organized into an interior and an exterior region. To the exterior there are highly developed proliferations of the embryo sac wall. Adjacent to the wall there is a zone of large, elongated mitochondria. The interior of the young endosperm is filled with an intricate labyrinth of endoplasmic reticulum, interspersed with smaller, more spherical mitochondria and both free ribosomes and polysomes. Organization, development and fine structure of the endosperm is discussed in relation to its historically assumed functions.
Effects of menadione and vitamin K 5 on glucose metabolism, respiration, lipolysis, cyclic 3',5'-adenylic acid accumulation, and adenyl cyclase in white fat cells.

The addition of menadione (2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone) to white fat cells in the presence of catecholamines and theophylline markedly increased the accumulation of cyclic AMP within 5 min. However, menadione inhibited the activation of adenyl cyclase by norepinephrine in fat cell "ghosts." Vitamin K5 (2-methyl-4-amino-1-naphthol) actually inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation except under conditions in which autoxidation of K5 occurred. The products obtained from air oxidation of vitamin K5 were able to increase the cyclic AMP content of white fat cells in the presence of catecholamines and theophylline. The increase in cyclic AMP content due to menadione was largely intracellular and did not involve any alteration in the total ATP content of fat cells. Both menadione and vitamin K5 (5 µg/ml) increased respiration, glucose oxidation, lactate accumulation, and fatty acid synthesis. The stimulation of respiration due to vitamin K5 was potentiated by oligomycin, while that due to menadione was inhibited. The increases in oxygen consumption, lactate accumulation, glucose oxidation, and fatty acid biosynthesis produced by both menadione and vitamin K5 were sensitive to cyanide. Antimycin A preferentially inhibited the increases in glucose metabolism and respiration due to menadione but had a smaller effect on those attributable to vitamin K5. The insulin-like effects of these drugs could be distinguished from the action of insulin itself by the greater stimulation of fatty acid synthesis induced by insulin. Vitamin K5, like insulin, inhibited the lipolytic action of catecholamines in the absence of theophylline after a lag period of 5 min, while in the presence of 1 mM theophylline the antilipolytic action was largely overcome. Insulin did not affect the accumulation of cyclic AMP, whereas vitamin K5 reduced cyclic AMP accumulation under conditions in which these agents had equivalent effects on lipolysis. These results indicate that certain naphthoquinones can mimic the action of insulin on lipolysis and glucose metabolism while increasing cyclic AMP accumulation.
Two Deep Earthquakes in Wyoming

Online Material: Figures showing broadband station locations, waveform fit, S ‐wave velocity models, and Love‐wave fundamental mode velocities. The vast majority of earthquakes with focal depths exceeding 60 km are associated with convergent plate boundaries (Fig. 1), including a few in relict subduction zones (e.g., beneath southern Spain) and others along current or former plate boundaries presently undergoing continental convergence (Hindu Kush, Greater Tethyan Himalayas, Romania) (Zhu and Helmberger, 1996; Chen and Yang, 2004; Frohlich, 2006; Monsalve et al. , 2006). The remaining deeper, rare events within continental interiors are of special interest because their focal depths provide information about the strength and rheology of the crust and upper mantle. Figure 1. Global and regional context of the 21 September 2013 deep earthquakes. (a) Global map: The red circles are selected earthquakes with depths >60 km occurring 1977–2014, as reported by the Global Central Moment Tensor project (Ekstrom et al. , 2012). The selected earthquakes have compensated linear vector dipole components of 0.20 or less and relative error E REL<0.15; thus, they should have relatively reliable focal depths (Frohlich and Davis, 1999). (b) U.S. map: The white circles are selected deep events reported by regional networks in the western United States (Zandt and Richins, 1979; Walter, 1986; Wahlstrom, 1993; Frohlich, 2006). The red circle indicates the 21 September 2013 Wyoming earthquakes. There has been a controversy concerning whether earthquakes can occur only within the crust or also within the upper mantle. Within both regions, the strength decreases as temperature increases and thus decreases rapidly with depth. However, because crustal and mantle composition differ, the strength in the uppermost mantle exceeds the strength at the base of the crust, and it is plausible that earthquakes can …
Studies on Alkaloids of Thalictrum honanense W.T.Wang et S.H.Wang

Five alkaloids—berberine, thalifendine, jatrorrhizine, thalmelatidine and adiantifoline were isolated from the root of Thalictrum honanense.
Factors associated with onset timing, symptoms, and severity of depression identified in the postpartum period.

Abstract Background Unipolar and bipolar depression identified in the postpartum period have a heterogeneous etiology. The objectives of this study are to examine the risk factors that distinguish the timing of onset for unipolar and bipolar depression and the associations between depression onset by diagnosis, and general and atypical depressive symptoms. Methods Symptoms of depression were assessed at 4- to 6-weeks postpartum by the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-Atypical Depression Symptoms in an obstetrical sample of 727 women. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, and linear regression. Results Mothers with postpartum onset of depression were more likely to be older, Caucasian, educated, married/cohabitating, have one or no previous child, and have private insurance in contrast to mothers with pre-pregnancy and prenatal onset of depression. Mothers with bipolar depression were more likely to have a pre-pregnancy onset. Three general and two atypical depressive symptoms distinguished pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy, and postpartum depression onset, and the presence of agitation distinguished between unipolar and bipolar depression. Limitations The sample was urban, which may not be generalizable to other populations. The study was cross-sectional, which excludes potential late onset of depression (after 4–6 weeks) in the first postpartum year. Conclusions A collective set of factors predicted the onset of depression identified in the postpartum for mothers distinguished by episodes of unipolar versus bipolar depression, which can inform clinical interventions. Future research on the onset of major depressive episodes could inform prophylactic and early psychiatric interventions.
A new species of Pithecellobiutn (MIMOSACEAE INGEAE) from Brazilian Amazonia

Phithecellobium prancei, related to T. simabifolium Benth. and P. spruceanum Benth., is described and figured from specimens collected on white sand savannas along rio Araca in northern Amazonas, Brazil. Its relationships within sect. Samanea ser. Coriaceae Benth., a group due for generic segregation from Pithecellobium sens. lat., are discussed.
Is there a role for the adrenals in the development of hypercholesterolemia in Zucker fatty rats

We tested the hypothesis that hypercorticosteronemia causes the hypercholesterolemia in young developing "fatty" rats. Obesity induced increases in corticosterone. Insulin, glucose, body weight, average daily food intake, plasma triglyceride, plasma phospholipids, liver weight, liver triglyceride, various adipose tissue parameters, and liver hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity were all ameliorated by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy exacerbated the hypercholesterolemia in obese animals and induced it in lean rats. Changes or lack of change in hepatic microsomal cholesterol, HMG-CoA reductase, and 7 alpha-hydroxylase, combined with the adrenalectomy-induced curtailment of tissue storage of cholesterol in adipose tissue, all contribute to the hypercholesterolemia caused by adrenalectomy. We suggest a mechanism whereby this may be related to elevated hepatic very low-density lipoprotein secretion rates. The elevated HMG-CoA reductase activity in obese rats results from the lower liver microsomal free cholesterol content. We conclude that the absence of glucocorticoids does not directly reduce plasma cholesterol in obese Zucker rats. The surprising elevation of cholesterol by adrenalectomy is due to other prevailing mechanisms in liver and adipose tissue, which curtail their capacity to store cholesterol.
Mr Putin. Operative in the Kremlin

When the Russian president Vladimir Putin assumed office in 2000, the question of ‘Who are you, Mr Putin?’ occupied many minds. Fifteen years on, a definitive answer continues to escape us. Fiona H...
Optical Study on Deposed Polystyrene Doped DCM Laser Dye Thin Films at Different Temperature

Polystyrene (PS) polymer doped with DCM laser dye thin films have prepared on glass substrate using casting method. The obtained PS doped with DCM thin films were treated at different annealing temperatures such (30, 40, 50, 60, 70) o C. It was observed from result that the allowed direct electronic transitions energy gap was increased from 2.21 up to 2.3e.V as the temperature increasing from 30-70 o C. And the allowed indirect electronic transition energy gap rose from 0.06 to 0.15e.V as the temperature increasing. The allowed indirect phonon energy also was decreased at the same range of temperature. The different effect of temperature variation was observed on the optical properties of PS doped with DCM thin films.
Experimental Determination of Transfer Length in Pre-stressed Concrete Using 3D-DIC

Since pre-stressed concrete structures have much higher tensile load carrying capacity, they are being used more often in the construction of highway bridges and railroad ties. Increased load-carrying capacity is achieved through transfer of the tensile loading in the reinforcement tendons into compressive stress in the concrete. The distance over which the pre-stress in the tendons is fully transferred to compressive stress in the concrete is known as the ‘transfer length’. Since local tensile stresses in concrete are problematic, the transfer length is an important parameter in the design of pre-stressed concrete components to ensure that the concrete remains in compression when subjected to in-service loads. In this work, the authors developed a stereo-vision digital image correlation system for both laboratory and industrial environments to measure the relatively small surface strains that are imposed on the concrete during release of pre-tensioned reinforcement tendons. In comparison to the current approach that requires physically embedding of Whittemore gages in the concrete beam during the curing process, results for these studies show that the non-contacting optical measurement method is much less time-consuming, more accurate and more consistent, while requiring no physical placement of gages.
551 Rehabilitation of alcohol and drug addicts in Murang’a, Kenya

Background Rising levels of alcohol and drug abuse as reported by NACADA, Kenya, especially in the central part of Kenya necessitated a crisis intervention which was ordered by the President of Kenya in June 2015. Breakdown of family units, social and moral decadence and threat of loss of a whole generation to the dangers of addiction was evident. A one of a kind, ninety Day mass Rehabilitation program was started in Murang’a as a county initiative. The program attracted approximately 1,500 addicts. Methods Tents were pitched in the stadium and make shift facilities provided to facilitate the process. A team of qualified counsellors were invited to offer voluntary services. Medical staff were deployed from the county hospitals under the supervision of a psychiatrist. The Clients would go through a process of intake and to determine their level of addiction, different tools were used and if there was need for hospitalisation this would be facilitated at the local hospital. A program of rehabilitation that involved the twelve steps and life skills psycho education was put together. Results The Rehabilitation centre currently holds eight hundred recovering addicts. The process of rehabilitation has reviewed well educated people who lost hope and immersed themselves into addiction and are now being structured to reenter into job markets and business as opportunities arise. Major issues of life threatening dangers have been addressed. A larger number of addicts from across the county, which has a documented 30,000 addicts, await to be admitted for rehabilitation. Conclusions The battle against alcohol and drug addiction in Murang’a and in Kenya is far from complete but massive resources are required. Rehabilitation will help heal the country, socially, economically and emotionally.
Regulation of persistent sodium currents by glycogen synthase kinase 3 encodes daily rhythms of neuronal excitability

How neurons encode intracellular biochemical signalling cascades into electrical signals is not fully understood. Neurons in the central circadian clock in mammals provide a model system to investigate electrical encoding of biochemical timing signals. Here, using experimental and modelling approaches, we show how the activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) contributes to neuronal excitability through regulation of the persistent sodium current (INaP). INaP exhibits a day/night difference in peak magnitude and is regulated by GSK3. Using mathematical modelling, we predict and confirm that GSK3 activation of INaP affects the action potential afterhyperpolarization, which increases the spontaneous firing rate without affecting the resting membrane potential. Together, these results demonstrate a crucial link between the molecular circadian clock and electrical activity, providing examples of kinase regulation of electrical activity and the propagation of intracellular signals in neuronal networks.
Automated calibration of a dual-polarized SDR radar

Dual-polarized radar systems rely on coherence between the transmit ports, the receive ports, as well as between transmission and reception. These requirements, however, are not typically met and sustained by low-cost software defined radio (SDR) systems. Phase offsets, in particular, can be introduced by path delays between ports and/or by phase drifts/offsets due to local oscillators. In this work we present theory describing the calibration problem and develop a calibration process that is operated first through manual cable switching and then through use of a relay switching network. The relative performance between the two approaches is quantified and the results show the efficacy of automated relay approach for calibrating the SDR radar platform.
A pilot chemoprevention study of isopropanolic black cohosh extract in women with ductal carcinoma in situ.

TPS1609 Background: Recent evidence suggests that black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) may be a potential agent for breast cancer prevention. The active ingredients in black cohosh preparations appea...
The Longitudinal Association of Relationship Quality and Reoffending Among First-Time Juvenile Offenders and Their Mothers

To understand how youth desist from crime after their first arrest, it is necessary to investigate their primary support system: their parents. As such, this study examined the reciprocal effects of justice system contact on the mother-child dyad. Interviews with 317 mothers and their sons from Orange County, CA, Jefferson Parish, LA, and Philadelphia, PA were conducted semiannually over two and a half years. At the beginning of the study, the sons were first-time offenders aged 13-17 and mostly non-White (i.e., 19.2 White, 56.5 Latino, 21.5 Black, and 2.8% another race/ethnicity). The results revealed that a high quality initial mother-son relationship reduces youths' re-offending over time. Furthermore, as mothers perceived that their sons were offending more, they reported less warmth in their relationships with their sons two and a half years later. Interestingly, youth's age emerged as a moderator. First, older youth were less likely to engage in reoffending if they had a warm maternal relationship. Second, decreases in relationship warmth associated with re-offending were steeper for younger youth. The findings have implications for juvenile justice policy in terms of improving probationary outcomes for youth offenders, and alleviating the financial and emotional burden on justice system-involved families.
Bariatric surgery may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's diseases through GLP-1 mediated neuroprotective effects.

Abstract Obesity and diabetes are associated with deficits in multiple neurocognitive domains and increased risk for dementia. Over the last two decades, there has been a significant increase in bariatric and metabolic surgery worldwide, driven by rising intertwined pandemics of obesity and diabetes, along with improvement in surgical techniques. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery achieve a significant decrease in their excess weight and a multitude of sequela associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal peptide that has been implicated as one of the weight loss-independent mechanisms in how bariatric surgery affects type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 improves insulin secretion, inhibits apoptosis and induce pancreatic islet neogenesis, promotes satiety, and can regulate heart rate and blood pressure. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated potential neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of GLP-1. Increased GLP-1 activity has been shown to increase cortical activity, promote neuronal growth, and inhibit neuronal degeneration. Specifically, in experimental studies on Alzheimer’s disease, GLP-1 decreases amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Furthermore, recent studies have also suggested that GLP-1 based therapies, new class of antidiabetic drugs, have favorable effects on neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. We present a hypothesis that bariatric surgery can help delay or even prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in long-term by increasing the levels of GLP-1. This hypothesis has a potential for many studies from basic science projects to large population studies to fully understand the neurological and cognitive consequences of bariatric surgery and associated rise in GLP-1.
Conversion of Hip Hemiarthroplasty to Total Hip Arthroplasty Utilizing a Dual-Mobility Construct Compared With Large Femoral Heads.

Abstract Background Conversion of hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a historically high, up to 20%, postoperative dislocation rate. As such, dual-mobility (DM) constructs are an attractive option to mitigate this complication. We analyzed survivorship free of revision, complications, and clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasties conversion to THAs utilizing DM constructs compared with large femoral heads (≥36 mm). Methods Conversion of 16 hemiarthroplasties to THAs with a specific DM construct compared with 13 conversions utilizing large femoral heads (≥36 mm) from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Mean age at conversion in the DM group was 75 years (range, 57-93 years); 75% were female. Significantly more patients with a dislocated hemiarthroplasty were converted to DM constructs compared to large femoral heads (44% vs 0%; P = .01). Mean follow-up was 3 years. Results Survivorship free of revision was 100% in the DM group compared with 92% in the large femoral head cohort at 2 years (P = .7). One (8%) patient converted to a large femoral head underwent revision to a constrained liner for recurrent dislocations while no patients experienced a postoperative dislocation in the DM group (P = .4). Harris Hip Scores improved from 54 to 82 (P Conclusion Larger effective femoral heads used during conversion of hemiarthroplasties to THAs resulted in high survivorship free of revision, minimal complications, and excellent clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up. In patients at highest risk for postoperative dislocation, including those with dislocating hemiarthroplasties, DM constructs resulted in no postoperative dislocations.
Patient-derived Xenografts from Colorectal Carcinoma: A Temporal and Hierarchical Study of Murine Stromal Cell Replacement.

Background/aim Patient-derived xenografting (PDX) of human colorectal cancer (CRC) is the preferred experimental model to study tumor response to therapeutic agents. Gradually, human stromal cells are replaced by mouse stromal cells; however, the exact timing of the replacement of human with murine stromal cells in human CRC xenograft has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that orthologous murine transcripts functionally substitutes for the loss due to replacement of human stromal genes. Materials and methods Human CRC were implanted in athymic nude mice in replicates and followed-up over time. Using next-generation sequencing, we determined the temporal kinetics of human stromal cell replacement with the orthologous murine transcripts. Results CRC cell-induced re-organization of the normal, quiescent murine stromal cells into a protumorigenic phenotype supporting human CRC growth occurs at initial implantation. Conclusion Murine cell replacement occurs in a time- and size-dependent manner.