cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematoma Risk After Needle Electromyography in Patients Using Newer Oral Anticoagulants.

Purpose To assess the safety of needle electromyography in patients on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared with warfarin. Methods A retrospective chart review was done in patients who underwent needle electromyography studies while they were using warfarin and NOACs. After the needle electromyography, all the patients were monitored for 2 hours and ultrasound of high-risk muscle groups was done. The complications were classified based on the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis definitions. Results Fifty-eight patients were included: 29 were using NOACs and the other 29 were on warfarin. The mean age was 59.33 ± 16 years. Hemorrhagic complications from needle electromyography were noted in 9 patients: 7 (77.7%) NOACs and 2 (22.3%) warfarin. Among them, 6 patients (66.6%) met the diagnostic criteria for Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding criteria proposed by International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis and 3 patients (33.4%) had an asymptomatic hematoma on ultrasound evaluation. A total of 267 muscles were tested and only 9 (3.3%) muscles had hemorrhagic complications. One patient (rivaroxaban) had acute bleeding requiring pressure bandage, five patients (two apixaban, two rivaroxaban, and one warfarin) had clinical hematoma that required ice packs, and three patients (two rivaroxaban and one warfarin) had a hematoma on ultrasound of deep muscles. Conclusions Patients on NOACs had minimal risk of clinically relevant hemorrhagic complications, and the risk is not significantly different from those on warfarin.
Investigating ovine placentome blood perfusion using power flow Doppler ultrasonography

Abstract Increasing ovine placentome blood perfusion improves placental efficiency while increasing the likelihood of healthier birth weights and lower mortality rates in offspring. Invasive surgical techniques have been used to examine uteroplacental blood flow; however, non-invasive Doppler ultrasonography has recently been observed as a reliable alternative method. Even so, smaller tissues, such as placentomes, do not permit reliable measurements of vessel diameter and subsequently blood flow calculations. Objectives were to validate Doppler ultrasonography techniques for examining placentome blood perfusion in ewes administered vasoactive compounds. Ewes (n = 28) were bred to a single ram, with pregnancy being confirmed prior to experimentation. For experiment 1, placentome blood perfusion was determined pre-infusion (PRE1; n = 8) and 3–5 minutes post i.v. infusion with sodium nitroprusside at 5 μg/kg of body weight (SN5; n = 4) or 10 ug/kg of body weight (SN10; n = 4). Immediately after ultrasonography all ewes were administered N(G)-Nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 12.5 mg/kg of body weight (n = 8) and imaged for placentome perfusion 30 min post i.v. infusion. For experiment 2, ewes (n = 15) were first imaged for placentome perfusion prior to the administration of antioxidants (min 0; PRE2) and then 30 min following i.v. infusion of melatonin (MEL; 100 ug/kg of body weight), ascorbate (ASC; 10 mg/kg of body weight), or vehicle (VEH; 50% ethanol solution). Data for experiment 1 and 2 were analyzed separately by ANOVA with least significant difference test. For experiment 1, the percent area of placentome perfusion was not different (P > 0.05) between SNP and l -NAME infusions. However, the summation and average integrated pixel density of placentomes were increased (P l -NAME. For experiment 2, the percent area of placentome perfusion was increased (P
Thirty years of coral heat-stress experiments: a review of methods

For over three decades, scientists have conducted heat-stress experiments to predict how coral will respond to ocean warming due to global climate change. However, there are often conflicting results in the literature that are difficult to resolve, which we hypothesize are a result of unintended biases, variation in experimental design, and underreporting of critical methodological information. Here, we reviewed 255 coral heat-stress experiments to (1) document where and when they were conducted and on which species, (2) assess variability in experimental design, and (3) quantify the diversity of response variables measured. First, we found that two-thirds of studies were conducted in only three countries, three coral species were more heavily studied than others, and only 4% of studies focused on earlier life stages. Second, slightly more than half of all heat-stress exposures were less than 8 d in duration, only 17% of experiments fed corals, and experimental conditions varied widely, including the level and rate of temperature increase, light intensity, number of genets used, and the length of acclimation period. In addition, 95%, 55%, and > 35% of studies did not report tank flow conditions, light–dark cycle used, or the date of the experiment, respectively. Finally, we found that 21% of experiments did not measure any bleaching phenotype traits, 77% did not identify the Symbiodiniaceae endosymbiont, and the contribution of the coral host in the physiological response to heat-stress was often not investigated. This review highlights geographic, taxonomic, and heat-stress duration biases in our understanding of coral bleaching, and large variability in the reporting and design of heat-stress experiments that could account for some of the discrepancies in the literature. Development of some best practice recommendations for coral bleaching experiments could improve cross-studies comparisons and increase the efficiency of coral bleaching research at a time when it is needed most.
Reforming the Bookbuilding Process for IPOs

The controversy over IPOs has raised questions about whether retail investors are being unfairly denied access to shares in IPOs and whether the new Internet auction methods might provide a fairer and more efficient way to allocate shares. This article argues that much of the popular concern may be misdirected. By and large, bookbuilding is well designed to accomplish price discovery in a cost-effective way. And standard auctions, which have been all but abandoned in a number of countries, have generally proved disappointing for equity IPOs (although they have been successful for bond offerings). The authors propose a “hybrid” form of securities issuance that would retain the advantages of bookbuilding while incorporating a public offer “tranche” for retail investors and other measures designed to increase transparency.
Evaluating verification awareness as a method for assessing adaptation risk

Abstract Self-integration requires a system to be self-aware and self-protecting of its functionality and communication processes to mitigate interference in accomplishing its goals. Incorporating self-protection into a framework for reasoning about compliance with critical requirements is a major challenge when the system’s operational environment may have uncertainties resulting in runtime changes. The reasoning should be over a range of impacts and tradeoffs in order for the system to immediately address an issue, even if only partially or imperfectly. Assuming that critical requirements can be formally specified and embedded as part of system self-awareness, runtime verification often involves extensive on-board resources and state explosion, with minimal explanation of results. Model-checking partially mitigates runtime verification issues by abstracting the system operations and architecture. However, validating the consistency of a model given a runtime change is generally performed external to the system and translated back to the operational environment, which can be inefficient. This paper focuses on codifying and embedding verification awareness into a system. Verification awareness is a type of self-awareness related to reasoning about compliance with critical properties at runtime when a system adaptation is needed. The premise is that an adaptation that interferes with a design-time proof process for requirement compliance increases the risk that the original proof process cannot be reused. The greater the risk to limiting proof process reuse, the higher the probability that the requirement would be violated by the adaptation. The application of Rice’s 1953 theorem to this domain indicates that determining whether a given adaptation inherently inhibits proof reuse is undecidable, suggesting the heuristic, comparative approach based on proof metadata that is part of our approach. To demonstrate our deployment of verification awareness, we predefine four adaptations that are all available to three distinct wearable simulations (hearables, stress, and insulin delivery). We capture metadata from applying automated theorem proving to wearable requirements and assess the risk among the four adaptations for limiting the proof process reuse for each of their requirements. The results show that the adaptations affect proof process reuse differently on each wearable. We evaluate our reasoning framework by embedding checkpoints for requirement compliance within the wearable code and log the execution trace of each adaptation. The logs confirm that the adaptation selected by each wearable with the lowest risk of inhibiting proof process reuse for its requirements also causes the least number of requirement failures in execution.
Generating Manhattan plots in Stata

Genome-wide association studies hold the potential for discovering genetic causes for a wide range of diseases, traits, and behaviors. However, the incredible amount of data handling, advanced statistics, and visualization have made conducting these studies difficult for researchers. Here we provide a tool, manhattan, for helping investigators easily visualize genome-wide association studies data in Stata
Changes in carotenoid-based plumage colour in relation to age in European SerinsSerinus serinus: Age-related differences in plumage coloration

Yearling birds generally display duller colours than adults. This may be due to selection favouring birds with more intensely coloured plumage or to an increase in colour after the first complete moult. Most research to date on the topic has been carried out on species with structural plumage coloration or with carotenoid-based coloration that is produced by the unmodified deposition of pigments. However, no study has been carried out on species whose carotenoids are metabolically modified before deposition. In this study, we assess age-related changes in the carotenoid-based coloration of European Serins, a species that metabolically processes carotenoids before they can be deposited into feathers. Birds were captured over consecutive years and we carried out both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Adults had significantly greater values of lightness and chroma than yearling birds. However, there were no changes in plumage colour when analysing the same individuals captured in subsequent seasons. Plumage lightness and chroma of adult males after moult were related to body mass, suggesting a role of body condition on plumage coloration. Our results suggest that changes in plumage coloration with age in European Serins are due to a selection process that favours more intensely coloured individuals.
A Hybrid Approach to Verifying Liveness in a Symmetric Multi-Processor

The verification of increasingly complex multiprocessor systems has become a formidable challenge. Given the complexity of each of the multi-processor components and the complex interactions between them, simulation may no longer provide the desired level of coverage to detect possible starvation and deadlocks. The Formal Verification Group at Hewlett-Packard has used a combination of model checking and theorem proving techniques with great effect to analyse the correctness of the Runway bus arbitration protocols in models representing several members of the HP 9000 K-CLASS servers and J-CLASS workstations. This paper presents some basic ideas behind this verification methodology, highlights its strengths and shortcomings, and discusses how it can be used to enhance the existing system-verification methodology.
Disassembly and Reassembly of the Yeast Vacuolar H+-ATPase in Vivo

The vacuolar H+-ATPase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is composed of a complex of peripheral subunits (the V1 sector) attached to an integral membrane complex (the V0 sector). In the experiments described here, attachment of the V1 to the V0 sector was assessed in wild-type cells under a variety of growth conditions. Depriving the yeast cells of glucose, even for as little as 5 min, caused dissociation of approximately 70% of the assembled enzyme complexes into separate V1 and V0 subcomplexes. Restoration of glucose induced rapid and efficient reassembly of the enzyme from the previously synthesized subcomplexes. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation revealed detachment of the peripheral subunits from the vacuolar membrane in the absence of glucose, followed by reattachment in the presence of glucose. Rapid dissociation of vacuolar H+-ATPases could also be triggered by shifting cells into a variety of other carbon sources, and reassembly could be generated by addition of glucose. Disassembly and reassembly of vacuolar H+-ATPases in vivo may be a means of regulating organelle acidification in response to extracellular conditions, or a mechanism for assembling alternate complexes of vacuolar H+-ATPases in different intracellular compartments.
Symmetry-Group Justification of Maximum Entropy Method and Generalized Maximum Entropy Methods in Image Processing

Maximum entropy method and its generalizations are very useful in image processing. In this paper, we show that these methods naturally follow from reasonable symmetry requirements.
Does Compare-Contrast Text Structure Help Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Comprehend Science Text?

Using a single-subject reversal design, this study evaluated the use of a compare-contrast strategy on the ability of students with autism spectrum disorder to comprehend science text. Three middle school students with high-functioning autism and their teacher participated in this study. A content analysis comparing the number of meaning units in passages to the number of meaning units in student-completed Venn diagrams was conducted for both the treatment and maintenance phases. Results indicated that instruction in the compare-contrast text pattern was effective in increasing participants' comprehension. A content analysis of Venn diagrams revealed a decrease in number of recorded meaning units during the maintenance phase while passage comprehension remained high. Future research and implications for classroom interventions are discussed.
Projectile Monte-Carlo Trajectory Analysis Using a Graphics Processing Unit

Monte Carlo trajectory simulation is a key element in the design and evaluation process for smart weapons development. Graphics processing units (GPU’s) are powerful massively parallel computing devices that are increasingly being used for general purpose computing. This paper explores the use of graphics processing units for Monte Carlo trajectory prediction with the goal of accelerating ballistic dispersion analysis. First, an overview of general purpose GPU computing is briefly presented. The six-degree-of-freedom projectile dynamic model is then described, and GPU implementation details are outlined. Runtime performance comparisons are performed between serial Monte Carlo simulations performed on a CPU and parallel simulations performed on a GPU. Results show that for large numbers of trajectories, significant runtime reductions are possible for Monte Carlo simulations performed on the GPU in comparison to simulations performed serially.
Primary Amenorrhea in an Adolescent Secondary to a Virilizing Luteinized Thecoma of the Ovary

16 months later she presented to pediatric endocrinology with 4 more episodes of vaginal bleeding at 1-3 month intervals. No leucorrhea, pubic hair or breast developmentwas noted. Onphysical examherheight velocity was 11.6 cm/year, she had diffuse hypotonia, and a normal palpable thyroid. Sparse fine dark hair was noted in the axilla. Breasts and pubic hair were Tanner I, hymenwas intact, and the vaginal mucosa appeared estrogenized. Laboratory studies showed LH 45.31 IU/L, FSH 89.69 IU/L, estradiol<20 pg/ mL, and normal thyroid function tests. Ultrasound showed a peripubertal uterine configuration measuring 4.6 x 1.5 x 2.6 cm with the fundus larger than the cervix. The right ovarianvolumewas0.5 cc, and the left ovary could not be seen. No adnexal masses were seen. The evidence of chronic estrogen exposure on uterine configuration and elevated gonadotropins to the menopausal range raised concern for precocious puberty followed by impending ovarian failure. A bone agewas performed which was 6 years 10 months suggesting estrogen exposure. 3 months later, she had Tanner II breasts and fine dark hair apparent over the monspubis. Repeat labs showedLH13.50 IU/L, FSH5.20 IU/L, estradiol 275.4 pg/mL, DHEAS 14.4 mcg/dL (normal 5.0-40.0), Prolactin 20.52 ng/mL, and anti-m€ ullerian hormone (AMH)<assay. She had another episode of vaginal bleeding. Given evidence of central precocious puberty, a luteinizinghormone-releasing hormone agonist (histrelin acetate implant) was placed. 2 months after the implant no further vaginal bleeding or progression of breast development was noted and laboratories confirmed gonadotropin suppression (LH 0.92 IU/L, FSH 2.9 IU/L, Estradiol<20pg/mL). Comments: This case illustrates the rare association of precocious puberty with ovarian failure and describes elevated gonadotropins early in life. In addition, it demonstrates the utility of AMH in diagnosing diminished ovarian reserve because of the inter and intra cycle variability of FSH.
Enhanced glass forming ability in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with Hf Addition

Abstract We report on the partial substitution of Hf for Zr in Zr 57 Nb 5 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) and the resulting enhanced glass forming ability and processability. Critical casting thickness increased from less than 14 mm for Zr 57 Nb 5 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 to more than 16 mm for Zr 45 Hf 12 Nb 5 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 . This improvement contrasts with earlier reports of reduced glass forming ability with partial substitution of Hf for Zr. Furthermore, the new BMG alloy exhibited one of the best bend ductility reported to date for BMG samples that are more than 4 mm thick. The improved glass forming ability with Hf substitution is presented and the underlying factors for improved glass forming ability are discussed.
Marketing little cigars and cigarillos in African American communities.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Marketing Little Cigars and Cigarillos: Advertising, Price, and Associations With Neighborhood Demographics" by J. Cantrell, J. M. Kreslake, O. Ganz et al., which appeared in a 2013 issue of the journal.
Exploring self-compassion as a refuge against recalling the body-related shaming of caregiver eating messages on dimensions of objectified body consciousness in college women

Guided by an overarching body-related shame regulation framework, the present investigation examined the associations between caregiver eating messages and dimensions of objectified body consciousness and further explored whether self-compassion moderated these links in a sample of 322 U.S. college women. Correlational findings indicated that retrospective accounts of restrictive/critical caregiver eating messages were positively related to body shame and negatively related to self-compassion and appearance control beliefs. Recollections of experiencing pressure to eat from caregivers were positively correlated with body shame and inversely associated with appearance control beliefs. Higher self-compassion was associated with lower body shame and body surveillance. Self-compassion attenuated the associations between restrictive/critical caregiver eating messages and both body surveillance and body shame. Implications for advancing our understanding of the adaptive properties of a self-compassionate self-regulatory style in mitigating recall of familial body-related shaming on the internalized body-related shame regulating processes of body objectification in emerging adulthood are discussed.
Alignment and morphology of elliptical galaxies : the influence of the cluster tidal field.

We investigate two possible effects of the tidal field induced by a spherical cluster on its elliptical galaxy members: the modification of the ellipticity of a spherical galaxy and the isophotal alignment in the cluster radial direction of a misaligned prolate galaxy. Numerical N-body simulations have been performed for radial and circular galactic orbits. The properties of the stars' zero--velocity surfaces in the perturbed galaxies are explored briefly, and the adiabaticity of the galaxy to the external field is discussed. For a choice of parameters characteristic of rich clusters we find that the induced ellipticity on a spherical galaxy is below or close to the detectability level. But we find that the tidal torque can result in significant isophotal alignment of the galaxies' major axis with the cluster radial direction if the galaxy is outside the cluster core radius. The time required for the alignment is very short compared with the Hubble time. A significant increase in the ellipticity of the outer isophotes of the prolate model is also found, but with no observable isophotal twisting. Our main prediction is an alignment segregation of the elliptical galaxy population according to whether their orbits lie mostly outside or inside the cluster core radius. These results also suggest that galactic alignment in rich clusters is not incompatible with a bottom-up galaxy formation scenario.
Scheduling with batch setup times and earliness-tardiness penalties

Abstract We consider a scheduling model in which several batches of jobs need to be processed by a single machine. During processing, a setup time is incurred whenever there is a switch from processing a job in one batch to a job in another batch. All the jobs in the same batch have a common due date that is either externally given as an input data or internally determined as a decision variable. Two problems are investigated. One problem is to minimize the total earliness and tardiness penalties provided that each due date is externally given. We show that this problem is NP-hard even when there are only two batches of jobs and the two due dates are unrestrictively large. The other problem is to minimize the total earliness and tardiness penalties plus the total due date penalty provided that each due date is a decision variable. We give some optimality properties for this problem with the general case and propose a polynomial dynamic programming algorithm for solving this problem with two batches of jobs. We also consider a special case for both of the problems when the common due dates for different batches are all equal. Under this special case, we give a dynamic programming algorithm for solving the first problem with an unrestrictively large due date and for solving the second problem. This algorithm has a running time polynomial in the number of jobs but exponential in the number of batches.
Surface and subsurface distortions of the Au{110}-(1×2) structure

Abstract The reconstruction of the Au{110}-(1×2) missing-row surface has been studied by means of the new scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry (SARIS) technique. The three-dimensional focusing patterns observed for scattering of 4 keV He+, Ne+ and Ar+ ions are highly sensitive to the structure of both the surface and subsurface layers. Classical ion trajectory simulations using the scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC) were used to simulate the scattering patterns. Using an R-factor comparison of the experimental and simulated images, it is demonstrated that SARIS is sensitive to changes of the order of 0.02 A in the structural parameters of this Au surface. These parameters involve interlayer spacings, row pairing and row buckling in the first-through fifth atomic layers. Results for the shallow surface layers are in general agreement with the those of previous studies. The new results include structural parameters for the deeper subsurface layers and the observation of an oscillatory behavior of the layer spacings which is damped towards deeper layers.
Regulation of spermatozoa motility in response to cations in Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the response of Russian sturgeon ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii ) sperm to external cations (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and their susceptibility on the induction of motility and swimming behavior. An in vitro spermatozoa motility assay was used by a computer-aided Motion-Analysis system. Sperm motility was inhibited by 60 mm NaCl (∼140 mOsm/kg) and 0.7 mm KCl solutions (∼ 21.4 mOsm/kg). The Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions were not able to inhibit spermatozoa motility. By contrast, Na + within a limited concentration range (between 45 and 55 mm) was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of K + at the critical concentration (0.7 mm). Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were also able to reverse the K + -mediated spermatozoa motility restriction at concentrations starting at 0.01 and 0.1 mm, respectively. These results provide evidence for the role of K + in suppressing spermatozoa motility, and suggest that Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and possibly Na + trigger motility in Russian sturgeon sperm.
Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements suggest that polylactosaminyl glycosylation affects the protein conformation of the gelatin-binding domain from human placental fibronectin.

Glycosylation can affect the physical and biochemical properties of the polypeptide chain in glycoproteins. Asparagine-N-linked polylactosaminyl glycosylation of the chymotryptic 44-kDa gelatin-binding domain from human placental fibronectin confers protease resistance [Zhu, B. C. R., Fisher, S. F., Panda, H., Calaycay, J., Shively, J. E. & Laine, R. A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3962–3970] and weakens the binding to gelatin [Zhu, B. C. R. & Laine, R. A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4041–4045]. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the gelatinbinding domain was used to probe glycosylation-dependent protein conformation changes. In gelatin-binding fragments containing incrementally smaller polylactosamine oligosaccharides, the fluorescence intensity progressively decreased and the emission spectrum shifted about 7 nm to the blue. Removal of the polylactosamine chains from a highly glycosylated fragment with endo-β-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii also quenched the protein fluorescence. The fluorescence lifetimes did not appear to be affected by the extent of glycosylation, suggesting static quenching of the tryptophan emission in the low glycosylated fragments. Acrylamide quenching studies showed that the accessibility of the tryptophans to small solutes was not altered by glycosylation. The steadystate emission anisotropy increased with decreasing polylactosamine chain length. The results indicate that the polylactosamine chains alter the tryptophan environments in the gelatin-binding domain, probably by changing the polypeptide conformation. These putative protein conformation changes may be partially responsible for the altered gelatin binding, protease resistance, and cell adhesion functions of fetal tissue fibronectin.
TCT-419 Complete Percutaneous Approach For Arterial Access And Closure For Device Deployment In The Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement - A Comparison With Surgical Cut-down

Surgical cut-down has been a primary approach for arterial access to place large caliber 22 or 24 Fr sheath used for commercially available transfemoral (TF) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) system in the US. The complete percutaneous arterial access and closure was recently introduced
Los fondos de conocimiento de las familias como mediación de la enseñanza en los colegios rurales

ResumenEl objetivo del estudio que se presenta en este articulo, fundamentado en la teoria sociocultural, es describir la relacion entre la vida familiar y escolar de estudiantes de clases baja y trabajadora de zonas rurales de Kentucky, EEUU, y documentar como los profesores hacen uso de los “fondos de conocimiento” de las familias para establecer puntos de conexion directos entre la vida de los estudiantes y la instruccion en clase. Durante 4 anos, dos investigadores siguieron a 30 ninos de entre 5 y 9 anos de edad distribuidos en cuatro clases entre parvulario, primero y segundo de primaria (P-2). Se utilizo un diseno cualitativo y tecnicas etnograficas de observacion, entrevista, reflexion individual y en grupo y analisis documental. El analisis se baso en la investigacion interpretativa y el analisis de discurso. Los resultados sobre los patrones de ensenanza ilustran la variedad de formas a disposicion de los profesores para establecer conexiones entre la casa y el colegio con objeto de estimular el...
Reduced glutathione in the housefly: Concentration during development and variation in strains

Abstract The amount of glutathione present at various stages of development, body regions, sex and strains of the housefly was determined. An increase in glutathione occurred through the larval, pupal and adult stages. The female had approximately 1.5 times the amount of glutathione per individual as did the male due to the larger size of the female. High glutathione levels were found in the Rutgers and the Cornell-R strains, and lower but approximately equal amounts in DDT-Orlando, 49r 2 , Fc and the CSMA strains. These differences were small when compared to the greater differences in the levels of glutathione transferase activity. The glutathione content in various strains of adult housefly was found to be higher than that previously reported in houseflies, other insects, ticks and certain mammalian tissues.
“Teach the Controversy” The Relationship Between Sources and Frames in Reporting the Intelligent Design Debate

This study examined sources and frames in the debate over whether to teach evolution or intelligent design in public schools. A content analysis of 12 newspapers from Kansas, Ohio, and Pennsylvania was conducted to see how geography and sourcing affected the framing of the controversial science issue. Established patterns of reporting science were repeated in the news coverage, but location and sources played an important role in how the issue was framed. The frames varied by region, suggesting a new direction for future research of framing.
Metabolic adaptations to interrupted glycosaminoglycan recycling

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are metabolic disorders characterized by accumulation of undegraded material. The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are LSDs defined by the storage of glycosaminoglycans. Previously, we hypothesized that cells affected with LSD have increased energy expenditure for biosynthesis because of deficiencies of raw materials sequestered within the lysosome. Thus, LSDs can be characterized as diseases of deficiency as well as overabundance (lysosomal storage). In this study, metabolite analysis identified deficiencies in simple sugars, nucleotides, and lipids in the livers of MPSI mice. In contrast, most amino acids, amino acid derivatives, dipeptides, and urea were elevated. These data suggest that protein catabolism, perhaps because of increased autophagy, is at least partially fulfilling intermediary metabolism. Thus, maintaining glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the absence of recycled precursors results in major shifts in the energy utilization of the cells. A high fat diet increased simple sugars and some fats and lowered the apparent protein catabolism. Interestingly, autophagy, which is increased in several LSDs, is responsive to dietary intervention and is reduced in MPSVII and MPSI mice fed a high fat diet. Although long term dietary treatment improved body weight in MPSVII mice, it failed to improve life span or retinal function. In addition, the ventricular hypertrophy and proximal aorta dilation observed in MPSVII mice were unchanged by a high fat, simple sugar diet. As the mechanism of this energy imbalance is better understood, a more targeted nutrient approach may yet prove beneficial as an adjunct therapy to traditional approaches.
NOx Abatement via Water Injection in Aircraft-Derivative Turbine Engines

The results of analytical and experimental investigations to develop efficient and reliable water injection methods for reducing the nitrogen oxides (NO /SUB x/ ) levels of the LM2500 and LM5000 engines are presented. These aircraft-derivative turbine engines are equipped with compact annular combustors. In these investigations, various methods of injecting water into the combustor primary zone were evaluated in combustor and engine tests to identify methods with minimal water flow requirements for a given degree of NO /SUB x/ abatement. Primary emphasis was focused on the development of methods of injecting liquid water into the engines when operating with distillate fuels. Methods of injecting both liquid water and steam when operating with natural gas were also investigated. The impacts of water injection on combustor and engine performance and operability were additionally assessed. Satisfactory accommodation of water/fuel weight ratios above unity and associated NO /SUB x/ level reductions as high as 90 percent were demonstrated.
Tumor marker expression is predictive of survival in patients with esophageal cancer

Abstract Background . This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of immunohistochemical tumor marker expression in a population of patients with node-negative esophageal cancer treated with complete resection alone. Methods . Resection specimens were collected from 61 patients with node-negative T1 (n = 31), T2 (n = 14), and T3 (n = 16) esophageal cancer. A panel of 10 tumor markers was chosen for immunohistochemical analysis, based on associations with differing oncologic mechanisms: apoptosis (p53), growth regulation (transforming growth factor-α, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Her2-neu), angiogenesis (factor VIII), metastatic potential (CD44), platinum resistance (p-glycoprotein and metallothionein), 5-fluorouracil resistance (thymidylate synthetase), and carcinogenic detoxification (glutathione S -transferase-π). Results . Complete resection was performed in all patients (44 adenocarcinoma, 17 squamous cell carcinoma), with no operative deaths. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between cancer-specific death and the following variables: low-level P-gp expression ( p = 0.004), high-level expression of p53 ( p = 0.04), and low-level expression of transforming growth factor-α ( p = 0.03). In addition, the number of involved tumor markers present was strongly predictive of negative outcome ( p = 0.0001). Conclusions . This study supports the prognostic value of immunohistochemical tumor markers, specifically the expression pattern of P-gp, p53, and transforming growth factor-α, in patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with complete resection alone.
A transforming Src mutant increases the bioavailability of EGFR ligands via stimulation of the cell-surface metalloproteinase ADAM17

ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17, also referred to as TNFα converting enzyme or TACE) is a cell-surface metalloproteinase that regulates signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and has important roles in diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. ADAM17 can be activated by stimulation of several tyrosine kinase receptors, raising questions about whether oncogenic tyrosine kinases could also enhance EGFR signaling and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) via stimulation of ADAM17. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the role of Src in activating ADAM17. We provide evidence that a constitutively active transforming form of Src, the E378G mutant, as well as v-Src enhance ADAM17-mediated shedding of the EGFR ligand TGFα. Moreover, we demonstrate that constitutive shedding of TGFα can be reduced by inhibition of Src in several cell lines, including COS7, MCF7 (the human breast cancer cell line), PAE (a pig aortic endothelial cell line) and HaCaT (the human keratinocyte cell line) cells. Src(E378G)-stimulated shedding of TGFα is abolished in Adam17−/− cells, but can be rescued by wild-type (wt) ADAM17 and a mutant ADAM17 lacking its cytoplasmic domain. These findings demonstrate that ADAM17 is the principal TGFα sheddase that is activated by Src in a manner that does not require the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM17. Finally, we show that stimulation of ADAM17 by Src(E378G) leads to enhanced paracrine signaling via release of EGFR ligands into the culture supernatant. These results raise the possibility that activation of ADAM17 by oncogenic forms of Src can aid in promoting tumorigenesis by enhancing signaling via the EGFR and ERK in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Enhanced autocrine signaling could further activate tumor cells expressing oncogenic mutants of Src, whereas paracrine signaling could stimulate EGFR and ERK signaling in surrounding non-transformed cells such as stromal cells, thereby contributing to crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells.
An area-efficient low-noise CMOS DNA detection sensor for multichannel nanopore applications

Abstract In this paper, an area-efficient low-noise DNA detection sensor is presented for multichannel nanopore applications. A resistive-feedback transimpedance amplifier (rf-TIA) is typically employed as a DNA detection sensor to amplify ionic current variations through a nanopore channel and convert it to a useful voltage range. However, big feedback resistors occupy large areas and limit the number of the DNA detection sensors that can be integrated on a given chip area for multichannel nanopore sensing. In this work, we propose a novel pseudo-resistor technique to drastically reduce the feedback resistor size. We will first review conventional pseudo resistors and then describe the new technique using a deep N-well NMOS transistor that is free from body effect. A DNA detection sensor, adopting the novel pseudo resistor, is fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and is tested using an α-hemolysin (α-HL) protein nanopore for detection individual molecules of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that pass through the 1.5 nm-diameter aperture. The active die area is reduced by almost 90% allowing a near 10-fold increase in the number of channels on a silicon chip. In future work, the refined CMOS DNA detection sensor arrays will functionalize multichannel nanopores formed in integrated microfluidic devices for high-throughput DNA analysis.
Modified osteoplastic orbitozygomatic craniotomy in the pediatric population

Anterior and anterolateral skull base approaches offer the advantages of improved visualization and minimal brain retraction for lesions involving the orbital apex, parasellar regions, and anterior and middle fossa floors. These approaches are seldom used in the pediatric population due to the perceived increase in morbidity and surgical complexity. We report the application of the previously described modified osteoplastic orbitozygomatic (OZ) craniotomy to pediatric neurosurgical cases. This approach offers a number of advantages and is technically straightforward. The results from six pediatric cases are reported. Age ranged from 26 months to 15 years, with a follow-up period of 5 to 22 months. Pathology included craniopharyngioma (three), frontal epidural abscess–subdural empyema with intraorbital extension (one), hypothalamic hamartoma (one), and optic pathway glioma (one). No complications related to the surgical approach were noted. In all cases, good postoperative cosmesis was achieved with excellent realignment of the orbital rim. Temporalis muscle bulk was preserved and symmetric in all cases. The modified osteoplastic OZ craniotomy can be safely and effectively applied to the pediatric population. Advantages include: (1) ease of use; (2) superior exposure and therefore less brain retraction; (3) an easily replaced one-piece bone flap which obviates the need for plating–suturing at the orbital rim; (4) a vascularized bone flap less susceptible to infection; and (5) maintenance of normal temporalis muscle anatomy for improved cosmesis and function.
Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on the plasma aldosterone response to potassium infusion in rats--in vivo study.

Abstract Previous in vitro studies have shown that atrial natriuretic factor inhibits the secretion of aldosterone stimulated by AII, ACTH, and potassium in adrenal cell suspensions. The present study investigated the effects of atriopeptin II on the plasma aldosterone response to a potassium infusion in conscious unrestrained rats in vivo. The infusion of potassium chloride solution increased plasma aldosterone level from 20.4 ± 3.7 to 168.4 ± 27.3 ng/dl. The simultaneous administration of atriopeptin II reduced the increase in plasma aldosterone level ((16.0 ± 2.1 to 63.3 ± 10.4 ng/dl). There was no significant difference in the plasma renin activity, corticosterone, or serum potassium levels between the two groups. These results suggest that atriopeptin II may be important in the regulation of aldosterone secretion.
A model of metal-oxide support interaction for Rh on TiO2

Abstract Using the Rh/TiO 2 catalyst system, a simple model for the different kinds of interaction that occur following a low- and a high-temperature reduction of Group VIII noble metals supported on TiO 2 , was developed. The model proposes a delocalized transfer of charge from Rh to TiO 2 after low-temperature reduction and a localized (chemical bonding) transfer of charge from the support to Rh after a high-temperature reduction. In addition, it is suggested that migration of a reduced species of the support is responsible, in part, for the depression of hydrogenolysis activity following a high-temperature reduction. The experimental evidences for the latter comes from comparing H 2 and H atom reduction, the kinetics of the onset of strong-metal-support interaction, and a strong analogy between group VIII-group Ib and group VIII-TiO 2 interaction effects on structure-sensitive and insensitive reactions. The kind of charge transfer is based on observed effects on kinetic parameters and previously reported spectroscopic experiments.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1986

Abstract The 1986 hurricane season for the Atlantic basin is summarized. Six named tropical cyclones were tracked; two hurricanes, Bonnie and Charley, crossed the United States coastline.
Redispersion of palladium in Y-zeolites by chlorine

Abstract The ability of Cl 2 to redisperse large palladium particles in NaY and HY is investigated. The mechanism of redispersion is significantly different from that reported for the Cl 2 induced redispersion of platinum in zeolites. It has been found that exposure of Pd/NaY and Pd/HY to a Cl 2 flow at 350°C leads to the formation of mobile PdCl 2 , which, upon reduction at 350°C is converted to HCl and highly dispersed Pd particles in supercages. Thermal activation of the chlorinated Pd/NaY and Pd/HY leads to ion exchange of the PdCl 2 with zeolitic protons forming HCl and Pd 2+ ions in sodalite cages. Chlorination and reduction of physical mixtures of Pd with NaY and HY also produces highly dispersed Pd particles. The transport of Pd from the external surface to the interior of the Y zeolite is proposed to occur through vapor phase transport of volatile PdCl 2 .
Thrombolytic therapy followed by first rib resection for spontaneous (“Effort”) subclavian vein thrombosis

Spontaneous (effort) subclavian vein thrombosis in young persons has historically produced long-term disability from arm swelling and exercise limitation because of failure of the occluded vein to recanalize. Several investigators have speculated that the use of thrombolytic therapy to produce clot dissolution followed by resection of the first rib to prevent recurrence might be ideal management of this condition. Our recent experience with treatment of two such patients formed the basis for this report. Two young men were seen within 24 hours of onset of acute arm swelling, found by venography to be caused by acute thrombosis of the subclavian vein at the level of the first rib. They were treated with systemic thrombolytic therapy with intravenous streptokinase. Both had prompt resolution of all signs and symptoms, confirmed by repeat venography to be accompanied by recanalization of the occluded veins. Both were then anticoagulated with heparin followed by warfarin and underwent elective first rib resection, after which anticoagulation was discontinued. Both patients have remained asymptomatic. Persistent venous patency has been confirmed by repeat venography. Thrombolytic therapy to recanalized spontaneous (effort) subclavian vein thrombosis followed by first rib resection appears to be an advance in the treatment of this condition and may avoid the long-term disability with which it has historically been associated.
Effects of acidosis and ischemia on contractility and intracellular pH of rat heart.

SUMMARYThe effects of respiratory and metabolic acidosis on myocardial contractility and energy production have been investigated in the perfused rat heart. Respiratory acidosis, produced by increasing the Pco2, caused an 80% inhibition of pressure development at pH 6.7. When artificial buffers (plu
Mass spectrometry of DNP-amino acids combination with paper chromatography.

Paper chromatography combination with dinitrophenyl amino acids mass spectrometry for analyzing purine and pyrimidine bases
Wave momentum flux parameter: a descriptor for nearshore waves

Abstract A new parameter representing the maximum depth-integrated wave momentum flux occurring over a wave length is proposed for characterizing the wave contribution to nearshore coastal processes on beaches and at coastal structures. This parameter has units of force per unit crest width, and it characterizes flow kinematics in nonbreaking waves at a given depth better than other wave parameters that do not distinguish increased wave nonlinearity. The wave momentum flux parameter can be defined and estimated for periodic and nonperiodic (transient) waves. Thus, it has potential application for correlating to processes responding to different types of waves. This paper derives the wave momentum flux parameter for linear, extended linear, and solitary waves; and it presents an empirical formula estimating the parameter for nonlinear steady waves of permanent form. Guidance is suggested for application to irregular waves. It is anticipated that the wave momentum flux parameter may prove useful for developing improved semiempirical formulas to describe nearshore processes and wave/structure interactions such as wave runup, overtopping, reflection, transmission, and armor stability. Surf zone processes where waves break as plunging or spilling breakers may not benefit from use of the wave momentum flux parameter because the breaking processes effectively negates the advantage of characterizing the wave nonlinearity.
Exploiting code search engines to improve programmer productivity

Code Search Engines (CSE) can serve as powerful resources of open source code, as they can search in billions of lines of open source code available on the web. The strength of CSEs can be used for several tasks like searching relevant code samples, identifying hotspots, and finding bugs. However, the major limitations in using CSEs for these tasks are that the returned samples are too many and they are often partial. Our framework addresses the preceding limitations and thereby helps in using CSEs for these tasks. We showed the effectiveness of our framework with two tools developedbased on our framework.