cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maslow Revisited: Constructing a Road Map of Human Nature

Given the scope and intent of Maslow's work, the current textbook treatment is wanting. Therefore, an inductive exercise has been created and is o fered here to build “the road map of human nature.” This age-old, philosophic focus on our true nature has been a way to successfully engage and inspire both our students and our pedagogy. In the spirit of Maslow, the meaning of self-actualization is explored, and the understanding and managing of motivation is embedded into the larger context of leadership, for example, quality, spirituality, ethics, self-awareness, and personal growth.
Performing Black Power in the “Cradle of Liberty” Say Brother Envisions New Principles of Blackness in Boston

This article examines the early history of Boston's black public affairs television program Say Brother from 1968—1970. This history shows that as a local broadcast, WGBH's Say Brother could take a more outspoken position than a national program, such as Black Journal, could have taken. The article explores the radical pedagogy offered by Say Brother, which attempted to impart “new principles of Blackness” to its viewers using multiple genres. Through an analysis of the archived program and interviews with former staff members, the article demonstrates how Say Brother's youthful creators took advantage of establishment fears about black uprisings to create an openly critical television show that examined black discontent, showcased black viewpoints and black artists and overcame a cancellation attempt by rallying community response.
Recent techniques in electromagnetic modeling and analysis

In this paper, we present some recently developed numerical techniques to calculate the electromagnetic fields surrounding an electrically large structure. Electrically large bodies pose a challenging problem in terms of computer resources and we present two promising techniques to meet this challenge. Several numerical examples are presented to show the validity of these methods.
Effect of immunological adjuvants on the appearance of monocyte and dendritic cell precursors in rat thoracic duct lymph.

Successful induction of immune responses to thymic-dependent antigens such as sheep erythrocytes are absolutely dependent upon histocompatible, nonlymphoid antigen-presenting cells (1–3). Although thoracic duct lymph (TDL) exhibits less in vitro stimulatory activity than whole spleen cells (4), various in vitro and in vivo immune phenomena attributed to TDL suggest that antigen-presenting cells or their precursors must be present in normal TDL (5–7). This report describes adherent cell types in TDL of normal (8) and adjuvant-treated Lewis rats. The results indicate that macrophages and nonphagocytic dendritic cells differentiate in culture from small cells in TDL. These precursors pass through nylon wool and G-10 columns. Both cell types bear Ia-antigens but differ from each other with respect to complement and Fc receptor expression. Treatment with either complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or a new lipoidal amine adjuvant CP-20, 961 (Pfizer) (9,10) increases the TDL output of both cells. One of the mechanisms of adjuvant action might be production and dissemination of precursors of antigen-presenting cells that complete differentiation in peripheral lymphoid tissues and provide continued antigenic stimulation for lodging daughter cells (11–13).
Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Too Soon to Pull the Plug on the Tuberculin Skin Test

Although recommendations for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection include tuberculin skin testing or an interferon-γ release assay, the authors discuss why important differences in these ...
Immune Consequences of Early Life Stress: Relationship to Chronic Pain Syndromes

Although a strong connection between chronic pain and mental health disorders has long been recognized by clinicians, by researchers, and even by many patients themselves, the specific nature of this relationship has been poorly understood. Clinicians’ assumptions about the direction of causality between psychiatric syndromes and physical symptoms can greatly impact quality of patient evaluation and perhaps lead to suboptimal treatment of the patient presenting with pain. Patients’ concerns about the clinician’s assumptions with regard to these issues may lead to underreporting of important and relevant history or symptoms, which in turn may also promote suboptimal care. The common copresentation of chronic pain syndromes and mental health conditions may leave the clinician struggling with a which came first? mindset. Do mental illnesses cause the onset of physical pains or impair one’s ability to cope with physical symptoms? Or, alternatively, does unrelenting physical discomfort lead to the onset of psychological symptoms and the development of psychiatric disorders such as major depression? A clinician’s approach to the patient and choice of interventions may be dramatically altered when working with the understanding that a shared biological etiopathology can produce either a chronic pain syndrome or a psychiatric disorder or, perhaps more commonly, a presentation with features of both these conditions.
Situation awareness and automation in the electric grid control room.

Abstract Electric distribution utilities, the companies that feed electricity to end users, are overseeing a technological transformation of their networks, installing sensors and other automated equipment, that are fundamentally changing the way the grid operates. These grid modernization efforts will allow utilities to incorporate some of the newer technology available to the home user – such as solar panels and electric cars – which will result in a bi-directional flow of energy and information. How will this new flow of information affect control room operations? How will the increased automation associated with smart grid technologies influence control room operators’ decisions? And how will changes in control room operations and operator decision making impact grid resilience? These questions have not been thoroughly studied, despite the enormous changes that are taking place. In this study, which involved collaborating with utility companies in the state of Vermont, the authors proposed to advance the science of control-room decision making by understanding the impact of distribution grid modernization on operator performance. Distribution control room operators were interviewed to understand daily tasks and decisions and to gain an understanding of how these impending changes will impact control room operations. Situation awareness was found to be a major contributor to successful control room operations. However, the impact of growing levels of automation due to smart grid technology on operators’ situation awareness is not well understood. Future work includes performing a naturalistic field study in which operator situation awareness will be measured in real-time during normal operations and correlated with the technological changes that are underway. The results of this future study will inform tools and strategies that will help system operators adapt to a changing grid, respond to critical incidents and maintain critical performance skills.
Comparative neuromuscular histopathology of cricopharyngeal achalasia patients with and without previous botulinum toxin treatment.

Objectives: Botulinum toxin injection (BTX) and cricopharyngeal (CP) myotomy are performed in the treatment of CP achalasia (CA). The objective of this study was to examine the effects of BTX on neuromuscular histopathologic findings and to make direct comparisons between specimens of muscle from CA patients who had received BTX to the upper esophageal sphincter and from CA patients who had no previous exposure to BTX. Methods: We performed a retrospective review (2001 to 2005) of CP muscle specimens from all patients who underwent myotomy for CA. Cases of Zenker's diverticulum were excluded. Patient demographics, clinical course, and neuromuscular pathology findings were noted from the chart. Results: Nineteen patients with CA were identified: 10 male and 9 female, with a mean age of 57 years. Eleven had no prior BTX (6 male and 5 female; mean age, 62 years); 8 had previous treatment with BTX (4 male and 4 female; mean age, 51 years). Eight of the 11 BTX-naive patients revealed predominantly myopathic changes on histology. Those with previous BTX tended to be younger; 6 of the 8 had a clinical benefit from their BTX and ultimately went on to myotomy. The CP muscle specimens featured both mixed and neurogenic pathologic changes in 5 of the 8 patients with BTX. Although these findings suggest some impact of BTX on the CP muscle, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p <.20, Χ 2 test). Conclusions: Treatment with BTX may have some clinical and histopathologic impact on the upper esophageal sphincter of patients with CA. Although neuropathic changes were noted in the CP muscle of previously injected patients at the time of their CP myotomy, the neuromuscular pathologic findings overall were not significantly different from those of BTX-naive patients.
Nerve fiber layer thinning lags retinal ganglion cell density following crush axonopathy.

Purpose We investigated the progressive nature of neurodegenerative structural changes following injury to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons using quantifiable and noninvasive in vivo imaging techniques. Methods To track degenerative RGC progression in retinas following optic nerve crush (ONC) injury, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to quantitate the RGC nerve fiber layer (NFL) density. The RGC soma cell density (RCD) was measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO). The RCD counts were performed using blood vessels as landmarks to anatomically track defined progressive changes in enhanced yellow fluorescent fusion protein (EYFP)-labeled RGCs. Results Following ONC injury, 68% of the observed decrease in RCD measured by CSLO and 54% of the NFL thickness obtained by SD-OCT imaging (N=4 retinas) occurred within the first week. Between days 7 and 14, an additional 22% decrease in RCD was concurrent with a 31% decrease in overall NFL thickness. Finally, between days 14 and 21, an additional 10% decrease in RCD measured in vivo by CSLO and 15% decrease in NFL thickness by SD-OCT was observed. Conclusions Our data suggest that in vivo CSLO imaging of EYFP-RGC expression and SD-OCT measured NFL thickness are fast and reliable methods that longitudinally track neurodegenerative progression following ONC injury. Neurodegenerative changes in NFL thickness measured by SD-OCT imaging have the same overall trajectory as those observed by CSLO for RCD; however, changes in NFL thickness initially lag behind in vivo RGC soma counts with a slower decline in overall measurable change.
Evaluating components in the context of use

A number of methods have been proposed for selecting and evaluating commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) component-based systems. Few methods, however, focus on post-implementation evaluation of these systems in the context of use. This paper reports on the use of one such method that employs scenarios as the central unit of analysis. The method is inspired by immersive, ethnographic techniques and informed by work in scenario-based design. In this paper, we describe the development of the method and its application for evaluating a complex, COTS-based system for product lifecycle management (PLM).
Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Pd Nanocrystals: The Effect of Surface Capping on the Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth

Seed-mediated growth has emerged as an effective approach to the synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals with well-controlled sizes, shapes, compositions, and structures. Although surface capping is known to affect the growth pattern of a seed, its explicit role remains to be fully understood. In this article, we applied the collision model established for surface science to seed-mediated growth of nanocrystals in an effort to account for the heterogeneous nucleation of atoms on the surface of a seed and thus the growth pattern in the presence or absence of a surface capping agent. Using Pd cubic seeds as a model system, we demonstrated that the heterogeneous nucleation of Pd atoms only occurred at the corner and edge sites when the {100} side faces were selectively passivated by chemisorbed Br– ions. In comparison, the Pd atoms were found to randomly nucleate on the entire surface of similar Pd seeds if the Br– ions were removed from the surface in advance. For a 1:1 mixture of Br–-capped and Br–-free Pd c...
The influence of gestational dietary calcium on serum 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in sows and their pigs.

Fifteen multiparous sows (three groups of five) were studied during one gestation-lactation cycle to measure the influence of dietary Ca (.5, .8[control], and 1.1%) on 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25-(OH)2D3) in serum and colostrum of the sows and serum of their pigs. Concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and Ca, Mg, P, Cu, and Zn were determined on d 15 and 45 of gestation, at parturition, and at 3 wk postpartum in sow serum and at birth and d 10 and 21 in pig serum. Colostrum was assayed for 1,25-(OH)2D3. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 in sows was affected inversely (P less than .05) by dietary Ca within d 15 of gestation and was correlated (r = -.88) with serum Ca during gestation and lactation. Serum Ca was correlated (r = .52) with dietary Ca at d 15 and 45 of gestation and at farrowing. Sow serum Mg was inversely related (r = -.49) to serum Ca during gestation and early lactation. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 of the pigs at birth ranged from 38.7 to 44.2 pg/ml was decreased (P less than .05) by 1.1% maternal Ca intake. Sow colostrum 1,25-(OH)2D3 was related (P less than .05) inversely (r = -.40) to sow dietary Ca and directly (r = .90) to sow serum 1,25-(OH)2D3. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 of 10- and 21-d-old pigs was inversely related (P less than .05) to their dams' dietary Ca. These results indicate that 1,25-(OH)2D3 production in sows is quickly affected by modest changes in dietary Ca.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Apolipoprotein gene expression in analbuminemic rats and in rats with Heymann nephritis.

The nephrotic syndrome results from altered glomerular permselectivity, causing urinary protein loss, reduced albumin concentration, oncotic pressure (pi), and hyperlipidemia. Hepatic lipid and apo...
Abstract 16161: Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Good for Any Age?

Introduction: Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is an accepted non-surgical therapy for septal reduction in patients with medically refractory Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM). We sought to determine the relative efficacy of ASA across ages. Methods: We divided 405 consecutive patients treated with ASA at our institution into age groups of those Results: Compared with the patients 65 compared with those 45-64 years old (22.5% vs 9.6%, p=0.004; Figure 1B). All groups had a significant reduction in gradients from baseline (Figure 1C). At 3 months, the average NYHA score was lower in the middle age group compared with those Conclusions: Despite a patient population with more comorbidities at baseline and a higher rate of procedural complications, older patients showed a sustained improvement in symptoms and gradients similar to their younger counterparts.
CPW Fed Miniaturized UWB Tri-Notch Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancement

A Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) fed miniaturized ultra-wideband (UWB) tri-notch antenna with bandwidth enhancement is proposed. The antenna is prototyped for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication applications with bandwidth enhancement. By implementing asymmetric structure, the miniaturization in the antenna has been achieved with a very compact size of 22 × 13 × 1.5 mm3 making it suitable for USB dongle applications. The antenna is first simulated with partial rectangular ground plane which shows that operating bandwidth ranges from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Then the antenna is measured and simulated by cutting the ground plane with specific geometry which shows that operating bandwidth now ranges from 3.1 to 20 GHz which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 150%. The antenna is then modified for tri-notch applications in order to reject worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band (3.3–3.6 GHz) and wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency bands (lower WLAN (5.15–5.325) and upper WLAN (5.725–5.825) GHz). Triple Band rejection capability has been achieved by introducing three complementary split ring resonators (CSRR) in the radiating patch.
Silicon lasers start to take shape

Devices made from silicon dominate the microelectronics industry, so silicon should be the material of choice for anyonc designing new electronic devices that will be integrated with microelectronic circuits. This also applies to the optoelectronic devices that act as gateways between the electronic realm and the worlds of photonics and optical communications. Most optoelectronic components such as waveguides and modulators can be made from silicon, but a completely silicon-based system has remained elusive because there is a crucial missing link: a silicon light source.
A Randomised, Prospective Study Evaluating the Effect of Patellar Eversion on Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction Patellar mobilisation methods used during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been debated in the literature, with some proponents of minimally invasive TKA suggesting that laterally retracting, rather than everting the patella may be beneficial. It was our hypothesis that by using randomised, prospective, blinded study methods, there would be no significant difference in clinical outcome measures based solely on eversion of the patella during total knee arthroplasty. Methods After an a priori power analysis was done, 120 primary total knee replacements indicated for degenerative joint disease were included in the study and randomised to one of two patella exposure techniques: lateral retraction or eversion. Short-term outcomes were evaluated during hospitalisation and included time to return of straight leg raise (SLR), ambulation distance, and length of hospital stay. Long-term outcome values were evaluated pre-operatively, at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year post-operatively, and included leg extension strength measured by dynamometer, knee range of motion (ROM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain before and after knee motion, circumferential thigh measurements, and SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Scores (PCS, MCS). All collaborating investigators were blinded to each other9s data. Surgical techniques and perioperative arthroplasty management protocols were those routinely and currently used during total knee replacement surgery at our institution. Results 1 year follow-up data was available for 88.3% of patients. Mixed model analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to short or long term outcome measures. Ambulation distance improved dramatically from 24 (28±46 ft) to 48 hours (71±64; p 0.5), and ROM improved by 6±18° from pre-operative values (p Conclusion With proper surgical technique and attention to detail, we believe that the standard medial parapatellar approach with anterior tibial translation can provide an excellent surgical exposure without compromising the surrounding soft tissue envelope. At times, exposure can be augmented by eversion of the patella, and in our subjective experience, this has not led to inferior post-operative results compared to lateral retraction of the patella. Results of this study give objective support for these observations.
Renal artery stenting: lessons from ASTRAL (Angioplasty and Stenting for Renal Artery Lesions).

The investigators of the recently published ASTRAL (Angioplasty and Stenting for Renal Artery Lesions) trial concluded that there was “substantial risk without worthwhile clinical benefit from revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease” ([1][1]). We believe that the
Energy Efficiency and Performance Limiting Effects in Thermo-Osmotic Energy Conversion from Low-Grade Heat.

Low-grade heat energy from sources below 100 °C is available in massive quantities around the world, but cannot be converted to electricity effectively using existing technologies due to variability in the heat output and the small temperature difference between the source and environment. The recently developed thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) process has the potential to harvest energy from low-grade heat sources by using a temperature difference to create a pressurized liquid flux across a membrane, which can be converted to mechanical work via a turbine. In this study, we perform the first analysis of energy efficiency and the expected performance of the TOEC technology, focusing on systems utilizing hydrophobic porous vapor-gap membranes and water as a working fluid. We begin by developing a framework to analyze realistic mass and heat transport in the process, probing the impact of various membrane parameters and system operating conditions. Our analysis reveals that an optimized system can a...
Impact of Admission Hypertension on Rates of Acute Kidney Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treated with Intensive Blood Pressure Control.

Current guidelines recommend that rapid systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering to 140 mmHg may be considered in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients regardless of initial SBP. However, limited safety data exist in patients presenting with varying degrees of severe hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) based upon degree of presentation hypertension in ICH patients whose blood pressure was reduced intensively. This retrospective, cohort study evaluated ICH patients treated with intensive blood pressure control (SBP ≤140 mmHg) who presented with three degrees of presentation hypertension: mild (SBP 141–179 mmHg), moderate (SBP 180–219 mmHg), and severe (SBP ≥ 220 mmHg). Univariate analysis of demographics variables, ICH severity, and factors known to impact AKI was conducted between the three groups. Post hoc testing was used to compare differences between specific groups, with a Bonferroni correction adjusting for multiple comparisons. Additionally, we conducted logistic regression analysis to determine whether baseline SBP group independently predicted AKI. We included 401 patients (177 with mild, 124 with moderate, and 100 with severe hypertension). There was a significant increase in the prevalence of AKI between groups, with the severe group experiencing the highest rate (p < 0.001). The presence of severe hypertension was also found to independently predict AKI development (odds ratio 2.6; p < 0.001). Our study observed higher rates of AKI in patients presenting with severe hypertension. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate strategies for managing blood pressure in ICH patients presenting with higher SBP.
Design of a User-Centered Voluntary Reporting System for Patient Safety Events

As the third leading cause of death in the U.S., patient safety events (PSE) are difficult to control due to multiple inputs from healthcare providers, systems, or even patients. Inspired by the success of reporting systems in other fields, PSE reporting systems could be a good resource to share and to learn from previous cases. However, the success of such systems in healthcare is yet to be seen due to the low report quality and the lack of interoperability and communication. A knowledge-based and user-centered PSE reporting system is needed to organize the scattered knowledge and improve user-friendliness. We described the development of a knowledge base for patient falls, the most frequent PSE. Based on the knowledge base, user-centered design features were incorporated into the system to improve the reporting accuracy, completeness, and timeliness. This prototype holds promise in improving PSE reporting quality and facilitating human-computer communication.
Immune-Mediated Pulmonary Disease and Epigenetics

Abstract Asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are lung diseases that share the common feature of sterile inflammation, which contributes to remodeling of the airways and pulmonary vasculature. In both lung pathologies, disease-initiating events increase the infiltration of immune-system cells into lung tissues and the number of resident immune cells expands in the walls of airways and blood vessels. In asthma, the immune-cell content of airway secretions also increases. Each immune cell type (i.e., lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and mast cells) responds by migrating to the site of the insult and either proliferating, or more commonly secreting a diverse set of small-molecule mediators. The chemical and mechanical cues that promote airway and vascular inflammation often lead to changes in gene expression, which are determined by epigenetic factors. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs can finely tune the inflammatory response. The type and extent of inflammation varies depending on the subject's genetic background and the biochemical milieu of the responding cells. This review will focus on two airway diseases that show significant type II inflammation that is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Defining the epigenetic regulation of lung inflammation is the first step towards identifying novel therapeutic targets. Identifying novel drug targets will address an unmet need for steroid-resistant asthma and PAH, both of which are treated ineffectively using current drugs.
On the runtime dynamics of the compact genetic algorithm on jump functions

Jump functions were originally introduced as benchmarks on which recombinant evolutionary algorithms can provably outperform those that use mutation alone. To optimize a jump function, an algorithm must be able to execute an initial hill-climbing phase, after which a point across a large gap must be generated. Standard GAs mix mutation and crossover to achieve both behaviors. It seems likely that other techniques, such as estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) may exhibit such behavior, but an analysis is so far missing. We analyze an EDA called the compact Genetic Algorithm (cGA) on jump functions with gap k. We prove that the cGA initially exhibits a strong positive drift resulting in good hill climbing behavior. Interpreting the diversity of the process as the variance of the underlying probabilistic model, we show the existence of a critical point beyond which progress slows and diversity vanishes. If k is not too large, the cGA generates with high probability an optimal solution in polynomial time before losing diversity. For k = Ω(log n), this yields a superpolynomial speedup over mutation-only approaches. We show a small modification that creates λ > 2 offspring boosts the critical threshold and allows the cGA to solve functions with a larger gap within the same number of fitness evaluations.
The effectiveness and safety of Kava Kava for treating anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Abstract Background To determine if Kava Kava is an effective treatment for combating symptoms of anxiety despite warnings of hepatotoxicity from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methods Databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were utilized to obtain clinical trials on Kava Kava and its effects on anxiety. A total of 11 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria: 2 for Kava Kava vs. another anti-anxiety medication, 2 detailing additional adverse events, and 7 for Kava Kava vs. placebo. Mantel-Haenszel fixed–effects model was used to analyze the data, with responder rates being pooled to compute weighted risk ratios. Results Kava Kava was shown to be more effective than placebo in 3 of the 7 trials. A final risk ratio of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.01) from responder rates was calculated in favor of the intervention from 5 clinical trials (n = 330). Adverse events were shown to be the same as placebo (P = 0.574), and laboratory values analyzing hepatotoxicity were no different when compared to baseline except in two studies. Conclusions Kava Kava appears to be a short-term treatment for anxiety, but not a replacement for prolonged anti-anxiety use. Although not witnessed in this review, liver toxicity is especially possible if taken longer than 8 weeks.
Fundamental motor skills, screen-time, and physical activity in preschoolers.

Abstract Purpose To examine the associations among preschoolers fundamental motor skills, screen-time, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB). Methods Children ages 3–4years were enrolled in a prospective observational trial of PA. Trained assessors conducted the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rdedition (TGMD-3), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition, and parent-reported child screen-time and sociodemographic information. Children wore an accelerometer for 7days to examine SB and total PA (TPA). TPA was further characterized as moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) or vigorous PA (VPA). Mixed linear models were calculated, controlling for age (for TGMD-3), sex, household income, and accelerometer wear time (for accelerometry models), with childcare center as a random effect. The primary analysis reported on the cross-sectional baseline data of 126 children with complete fundamental motor skill and screen-time data; a subanalysis included 88 children with complete accelerometry data. Results Children were 3.4 ± 0.5years of age (54% girls; 46% white, 42% African American, 12% other). A total of 48% lived in households at or below the federal poverty level. Children engaged in 5.1 ± 3.6h/day of screen-time. Children's screen-time was inversely related to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition, manual dexterity skills percentile (β (SE) = −1.7 (0.8), p = 0.049). In the accelerometry subsample, children engaged in 5.9 ± 0.9h/day of TPA of which 1.7 ± 0.6h/day was MVPA. Boys engaged in more MVPA and VPA and less SB compared with girls (all p Conclusion Children's motor skills were positively related to VPA but inversely related to screen-time. Further inquiry into the implications of high exposure to screen-time in young children is needed.
Study of Energy Loss Mechanisms in AlN-Based Piezoelectric Length Extensional-Mode Resonators

This paper reports on the investigation of anomalous low quality factors ( ${Q}\text{s}$ ) in AlN thin film-based length extensional (LE)-mode resonators using finite element method (FEM), analytical modeling, and experimental techniques. Different heterostructures of LE resonators having Al/AlN/Si, Al/AlN, AlN/Si, and Si are designed and fabricated using standard MEMS processes. Experimental ${Q}\text{s}$ along with resonances are obtained using electrical and optical readout and are compared with the modeled and analytically obtained ${Q}\text{s}$ . The results show that the thermoelastic damping (TED) in metal electrode, anchor loss, and charge redistribution loss are not the dominant loss mechanisms. With the help of Mason’s network modeling, we investigated the dielectric loss, which is also observed to be negligible for these resonators. An internal mechanical loss, originating from the columnar growth of AlN and observed using Mason’s model, is proved to be the dominant loss mechanism. This observation is confirmed and reinforced by the COMOSL’s FEM analysis of TED in AlN, having columnar growth effect and by experimental results. [2018-0258]
A Performance Model for the Link-Transport Layer Serving XTP in a High Speed Network

How the traffic characteristics and the performance of a transport connection are affected at the link-transport layer is one of the important items to be studied to determine the end to end performance of a transport protocol. We model the link-transport layer that provides service to an XTP connection as a discrete time single server finite capacity queueing system at which two different arrival processes are allowed to merge, e.g., a Markov Modulated Bernoulli Process (MMBP) and a Bernoulli Process (BP). The MMBP models the bursty and correlated traffic from the designated XTP connection, and the BP models the external traffic, that is, the arrival of the packets from the rest of the coexisting connections at the link-transport layer. An exact analysis to obtain the queue length distributions, and the probability densities and the correlation coefficients of the interdeparture time distributions for the packets from the designated XTP connection is presented. Numerical examples are also investigated to show how the traffic characteristics of the designated XTP connection are affected by the amount of the external traffic, the degree of the burstiness and the correlation of the traffic source.
Do Female Investors Support Female Entrepreneurs? An Empirical Analysis of Angel Investor Behavior

There is an ongoing debate on why female entrepreneurs face greater challenges than their male counterparts do in raising capital for their companies. Rooted in homophily – theory supporting the notion that women support women – is the argument that there are not enough female investors to support female-led firms. In the context of accredited investor-investee exchanges, we explored whether the gender of investor and the gender of investee’s CEO are related. Using a United States sample of 529 investments from fiscal year 2018, we found a significant association between the gender of investor and the gender of the investee’s CEO. These findings suggest that homophily may be a key social mechanism through which gender can impede or promote investment decisions.
Platinum-based regimens versus cetuximab in definitive chemoradiation for human papillomavirus-unrelated head and neck cancer

For patients ineligible for cisplatin with definitive radiotherapy (CP-CRT) for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC), concurrent cetuximab (C225-RT) is a popular substitute. Carboplatin-based chemoradiation (CB-CRT) is another option; however, relative efficacies of CP-CRT, CB-CRT and C225-RT are unclear, particularly in the human papillomavirus (HPV)-unrelated population. We identified 316 patients with stage III-IVB cancers of the oropharynx (24.7%), larynx (58.2%) and hypopharynx (17.1%) undergoing definitive C225-RT (N = 61), CB-CRT (N = 74) or CP-CRT (N = 181). Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence functions were generated to estimate overall survival (OS), locoregional failure (LRF) and distant metastasis (DM). Cox proportional hazards were used to determine the association of survival endpoints with clinical characteristics. Respectively, 3-year cumulative incidences for CP-CRT, CB-CRT and C225-RT were: LRF (0.19, 0.18 and 0.48, p ≤ 0.001), DM (0.17, 0.12 and 0.25, p = 0.32). Kaplan-Meier estimates for 3 year OS were: CP-CRT: 71%; CB-CRT: 59% and C225-RT: 54%; p = 0.0094. CP-CRT (hazard ratio [HR] 0.336; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.203-0.557, p < 0.01) and CB-CRT (HR 0.279; 95% CI 0.141-0.551, p < 0.01) were associated with reduced hazard for LRF on multivariable analysis. CP-CRT (HR 0.548; 95% CI 0.355-0.845, p < 0.01) and CB-CRT (HR 0.549; 95% CI 0.334-0.904, p = 0.02) were associated with a reduced hazard for death on multivariable analysis. Propensity matching confirmed reduced hazards with a combined CP/CB-CRT group compared to C225-RT for LRF: HR 0.384 (p = 0.018) and OS: HR 0.557 (p = 0.045) and CB-CRT group compared to C225-RT for LRF: HR 0.427 (p = 0.023). In conclusion, CB-CRT is an effective alternative to CP-CRT in HPV-unrelated LA-HNSCC with superior locoregional control and OS compared to C225-RT.
Dynamic Network of United States Air Transportation at Multiple Levels

United States air transportation contributes to the economy of the country by facilitating the mobility of people and goods. Air transportation is one of the essential systems in the US and the world. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of US air transportation from three angles (i.e., number of flights, number of passengers, and the amount of freight carried) at three levels of airport, city, and state. While there are unique dynamics at each, there is a strong fluctuation in the activity of the links, indicating a highly dynamic system. Backbone analyses of the networks also show that there are specific periods (such as 2007 for flights, 2008 for freight, and 2012 for passengers) in which network changes drastically.
Chapter 14 – Capture and Fixation of Sulfur

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the manufacturing of sulfuric acid from smelter gases, offgases from smelting and converting, and future developments in sulfur capture. It describes that most copper is extracted from sulfide minerals so that sulfur, in some form, is a byproduct of most copper extraction processes. The usual byproduct is sulfuric acid, made from sulfur dioxide that is produced during smelting and converting. The production of sulfuric acid entails the cleaning and drying of the furnace gases, catalytically oxidizing sulfuric dioxide to sulfur trioxide, and absorbing the resulting sulfur trioxide into a 98% sulfuric acid solution. The recovery of sulfur dioxide can be increased by scrubbing the acid plant tail gas with basic solutions. Some modern smelting processes produce extra-strong sulfur dioxide gases that tend to overheat during sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide oxidation, causing catalyst degradation and inefficient conversion. This will lead to the development of catalysts that have low ignition temperatures and high degradation temperatures. The use of oxygen-enriched air or industrial oxygen for sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide conversion would minimize the size of the acid plant and the amount of gas being blown.
A Decomposition Algorithm for the Two-Stage Chance-Constrained Operating Room Scheduling Problem

The required time for surgical interventions in operating rooms (OR) may vary significantly from the predicted values depending on the type of operations being performed, the surgical team, and the patient. These deviations diminish the efficient utilization of OR resources and result in the disruption of projected surgery start times. This paper proposes a two-stage chance-constrained model to solve the OR scheduling problem under uncertainty. The goal is to minimize the costs associated with OR opening and overtime as well as reduce patient waiting times. The risk of OR overtime is controlled using chance constraints. Numerical experiments show that the proposed model provides a better trade-off between minimizing costs and reducing solution variability when compared to two existing models in the literature. It is also shown that the three models converge as the overtime probability threshold approaches one. Moreover, it is observed that the individual chance constraints result in the opening of fewer rooms, lower waiting times, and shorter solution times when compared to that of joint chance constraints. A decomposition algorithm is applied that solves large test instances of the OR scheduling problem, that of which is known to be NP-hard. Strong valid inequalities are derived in order to accelerate the convergence speed. The proposed approach outperformed both a commercial solver and a basic decomposition algorithm after solving all test instances with up to 89 surgeries and 20 ORs in less than 48 minutes.
A three-dimensional thalamocortical dataset for characterizing brain heterogeneity

Neural cytoarchitecture is heterogeneous, varying both across and within brain regions. The consistent identification of regions of interest is one of the most critical aspects in examining neurocircuitry, as these structures serve as the vital landmarks with which to map brain pathways. Access to continuous, three-dimensional volumes that span multiple brain areas not only provides richer context for identifying such landmarks, but also enables a deeper probing of the microstructures within. Here, we describe a three-dimensional X-ray microtomography imaging dataset of a well-known and validated thalamocortical sample, encompassing a range of cortical and subcortical structures. In doing so, we provide the field with access to a micron-scale anatomical imaging dataset ideal for studying heterogeneity of neural structure.
Gender and genre differences in multiplayer gaming motivations

This study examines gaming motivations for two different genres of multiplayer games—casual social network games (SNGs) and massively multiplayer online (MMO) games—and tests for gender differences in motivation after considering genre. We conducted a survey of 515 SNG players and 505 MMO players in the U.S. through Mechanical Turk, asking about their motivations for play and basic gaming behavior such as frequency and length of play. Using a self-determination theory approach to categorize motivations, we looked at how game genre and gender are associated with six types of motivation. We find that hypotheses of gender differences from previous games research are contradicted or unsupported—for example, female players for both SNGs and MMOs reported higher levels of external game regulation than males, contradicting previous studies of men being more achievement oriented than women. There are also major genre differences in relation to different motivations. Results reflect a cultural shift in gaming away from gender stereotypes, supporting the importance of reconsidering previous scholarship in this area. Future research should account for both the affordances and culture associated with different game genres rather than generalizing gender effects to all games.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Metode Jigsaw Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Konsep Diri Remaja

Banyaknya permasalahan yang terjadi pada remaja saat ini, berdampak pada konsep diri remaja. Remaja yang memiliki konsep diri kurang baik akan mengalami bingung peran pada tahap perkembangan selanjutnya. Hal ini ditandai dengan tidak mengenal identitas dirinya sendiri, tidak menyukai bagian tubuhnya, merasa bingung dan bimbang, menarik diri, gampang dipengaruhi, serta memiliki pergaulan yang negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan metode jigsaw terhadap tingkat pengetahuan konsep diri pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi eksperimetal. Populasi pada penelitian ini berjumlah 75 orang siswa/i dengan jumlah sampel 60 responden. Pemilihan sample menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. H asil uji man whitney pre-post kelompok kontrol memperoleh mean rank 19.40 dan post-test kelompok perlakuan memperoleh nilai mean rank 41.60 dengan nilai p-value 00.00 (p < 0,05). Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan metode jigsaw terhadap tingkat pengetahuan konsep diri remaja di SMK Baramuli Airmadidi. Kata Kunci: metode jigsaw; pengetahuan remaja; konsep diri
An integrated spatio-temporal analysis of emergency medical service response characteristics for stroke events across Alabama

Abstract Introduction Stroke treatment must be given within the first few hours of symptom onset, so rapid Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response is essential for positive patient outcomes. Examining EMS response characteristics across temporal and geographical perspectives is critical for improving Alabama's stroke death rate from its current 49th place in the U.S. Methods We examined EMS delay characteristics for patients with suspected strokes from 2018-2019 across Alabama, with particular attention paid to rural and urban differences. We used EMS call data from the Alabama Department of Public Health and defined possible stroke cases as calls where a stroke scale completed by EMS was positive or indeterminate. We coded the time between EMS dispatch and destination arrival as EMS delay. This study incorporates global and local spatio-temporal weighted ordered logistic regression models to evaluate significant non-stationary correlations of factors with EMS delay by accounting for unobserved heterogeneity. Results We examined 17,088 possible stroke cases and found that 74% of these calls had total response times within 60 min. The longest EMS delay occurred in rural counties. EMS response characteristics, such as pre-arrival instructions and advanced vehicle navigation, were associated with shorter delays, while long travel distance and on-scene/transport times were associated with longer EMS delays. The impact of response characteristics on stroke-event-based EMS delay varied significantly across rural and urban counties and time (i.e., between 2018 and 2019). Conclusion The revealed spatio-temporal correlations are useful for EMS personnel in applying effective localized rural and urban EMS response improvement strategies.
BuildIt: a type-based multi-stage programming framework for code generation in C++

The simplest implementation of a domain-specific language is to embed it in an existing language using operator overloading. This way, the DSL can inherit parsing, syntax and type checking, error handling, and the toolchain of debuggers and IDEs from the host language. A natural host language choice for most high-performance DSLs is the de-facto highperformance language, C++. However, DSL designers quickly run into the problem of not being able to extract control flows due to a lack of introspection in C++ and have to resort to special functions with lambdas to represent loops and conditionals. This approach introduces unnecessary syntax and does not capture the side effects of updates inside the lambdas in a safe way. We present BuildIt, a type-based multi-stage execution framework that solves this problem by extracting all control flow operators like if-then-else conditionals and for and while loops using a pure library approach. BuildIt achieves this by repeated execution of the program to explore all control flow paths and construct the AST piece by piece. We show that BuildIt can do this without exponential blow-up in terms of output size and execution time. We apply BuildIt's staging capabilities to the state-of-the-art tensor compiler TACO to generate low-level IR for custom-level formats. Thus, BuildIt offers a way to get both generalization and programmability for the user while generating specialized and efficient code. We also demonstrate that BuildIt can generate rich control-flow from relatively simple code by using it to stage an interpreter for an esoteric language. BuildIt changes the way we think about multi-staging as a problem by reducing the PL complexity of a supposedly harder problem requiring features like introspection or specialized compiler support to a set of common features found in most languages.
Transient Induction and Characterization of Mouse Epiblast-Like Cells from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse epiblast-like cells (mEpiLCs) recapitulate in vitro the epiblast first cell lineage decision, providing a powerful tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pluripotent state transition. Here, we describe a defined and robust protocol to transiently induce mEpiLCs from mESCs, together with a concise overview for their unbiased characterization for subsequent downstream applications.