cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gametogony of Eimeria tenelia (Coccidia) in Cell Cultures

Mature male and female gametocytes of Eimeria tenella, a coccidium of the chicken ceca, developed in primary cultures of chick embryonic kidney cells inoculated with sporozoites. Immature gametocytes appeared in the cultures after approximately 144 hours of incubation at 41°C. Mature micro-and macrogametes were present from 160 to 190 hours after inoculation.
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio polymer-based electrostatic comb drives using the hot embossing technique

We report on the formation of a lateral comb drive on poly-methyl-meth-acrylate (PMMA) using the hot embossing technique. A hot embossing mold insert is fabricated on a silicon wafer by means of lithography and inductive coupled plasma dry etching. The comb drive microstructure is hot embossed under a molding force of 35000 N at 130 °C. We demonstrate the comb drive, 80 units of interdigitated parallel capacitors with the finger gap and width both being 10 μm. The minimum feature size is 5 μm and the thickness of the structure is 60 μm, which makes the aspect ratio 12:1. The comb drive strokes 5 μm under an actuation potential of 180 V. We also present a brief description of the design and simulation with ANSYS.
pTARGET: a web server for predicting protein subcellular localization

The pTARGET web server enables prediction of nine distinct protein subcellular localizations in eukaryotic non-plant species. Predictions are made using a new algorithm [C. Guda and S. Subramaniam (2005) pTARGET [corrected] a new method for predicting protein subcellular localization in eukaryotes. Bioinformatics, 21, 3963-3969], which is primarily based on the occurrence patterns of location-specific protein functional domains in different subcellular locations. We have implemented a relational database, PreCalcDB, to store pre-computed prediction results for all eukaryotic non-plant protein sequences in the public domain that includes about 770 000 entries. Queries can be made by entering protein sequences or by uploading a file containing up to 5000 protein sequences in FASTA format. Prediction results for queries with matching entries in the PreCalcDB will be retrieved instantly; while for the missing ones new predictions will be computed and sent by email. Pre-computed predictions can also be downloaded for complete proteomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens. The server, its documentation and the data are accessible from http://bioinformatics.albany.edu/~ptarget.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy from first principles: Excited state dynamics of benzene

We use the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method to follow the dynamics of benzene after excitation to the second singlet excited state (S2). The results are validated by comparison to potential energy surfaces including dynamical electron correlation effects. Time-resolved photoelectron spectra are computed and compared to experimental results. Simulations agree with experiment that there are both short-lived and long-lived components of the excited state population. We show that these components both originate from quenching through the same S2/S1 conical intersection and that the difference between them comes from their behavior immediately after decay to S1. This is presumed to be a function of the details of the way in which the S2/S1 intersection region is accessed; for example, the momentum distribution and the topology of the seam in the relevant region.
Learning from the time and length redefinitions, and the metre demotion

After discussing several issues in a future redefinition of the kilogram, this paper considers the lessons that one might have learned from the analogous redefinitions of the metre and the second. ...
Reduction in risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in response to a low-sugar, high-fiber dietary intervention in overweight Latino adolescents.

In 2003-2006, 38.9% of Mexican American adolescents aged 12 to 19 years were at risk of overweight or overweight, as compared with 33.1% of non-Hispanic white adolescents.1 In addition, independent of body composition, Latino children are more insulin resistant and thus more likely to develop obesity-related chronic diseases than their white counterparts.2In a convenience sample of overweight Latino children in Los Angeles, California, we previously showed that 30% had a clustering of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome and 32% had pre-diabetes (ie, impaired fasting or 2-hour glucose intolerance).3,4 Diet is one of the main modifiable risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. In previous cross-sectional analyses in overweight Latino youth, we showed that dietary fiber consumption is inversely associated with both waist circumference and the metabolic syndrome5 and that intake of total and added sugar is associated with poor beta-cell function, independent of adiposity.6 Additionally, we showed that in a 12-week pilot intervention study, overweight Latina girls with greater reductions in added sugar intake showed greater reductions in insulin secretion.7 To date, only a few studies have examined the effects of a high-fiber, low-sugar diet on metabolic health in overweight youth,8,9 and to our knowledge, none have tested the effects of this type of intervention in a mixed-sex group of Latino youth. This article is a secondary data analysis from a 16-week randomized control trial. The original study assessed the incremental effects of the following 3 intervention groups on adiposity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in overweight Latino adolescents: (1) control, (2) a nutrition education program designed to reduce sugar and increase fiber intake, and (3) same nutrition education program with twice per week strength training. The main outcomes analysis showed no significant overall effects of the intervention on body weight, body composition, or metabolic parameters related to risk for type 2 diabetes, with the exception of an improvement in oral glucose response (6% and 18% reductions in nutrition and combined groups, respectively, compared with a 32% increase in the control group).10 However, despite the overall lack of intervention effects, there was considerable individual variation in dietary changes and metabolic outcomes within each of the randomized groups. These results prompted the question of whether metabolic outcomes varied by achievement of the dietary goals, regardless of group assignment. The objective of this analysis was, therefore, to test if participants who reduce added sugar intake and/or increase fiber intake will have stronger metabolic improvements related to future diabetes risk, including improvements in insulin/glucose indexes and in adiposity parameters.
Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial.

Summary Background Long-term complications of critical illness include intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness and neuropsychiatric disease. Immobilisation secondary to sedation might potentiate these problems. We assessed the effi cacy of combining daily interruption of sedation with physical and occupational therapy on functional outcomes in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in intensive care. Methods Sedated adults (≥18 years of age) in the ICU who had been on mechanical ventilation for less than 72 h, were expected to continue for at least 24 h, and who met criteria for baseline functional independence were eligible for enrolment in this randomised controlled trial at two university hospitals. We randomly assigned 104 patients by computer-generated, permuted block randomisation to early exercise and mobilisation (physical and occupational therapy) during periods of daily interruption of sedation (intervention; n=49) or to daily interruption of sedation with therapy as ordered by the primary care team (control; n=55). The primary endpoint—the number of patients returning to independent functional status at hospital discharge—was defi ned as the ability to perform six activities of daily living and the ability to walk independently. Therapists who undertook patient assessments were blinded to treatment assignment. Secondary endpoints included duration of delirium and ventilator-free days during the fi rst 28 days of hospital stay . Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00322010. Findings All 104 patients were included in the analysis. Return to independent functional status at hospital discharge occurred in 29 (59%) patients in the intervention group compared with 19 (35%) patients in the control group (p=0·02; odds ratio 2·7 [95% CI 1·2–6·1]). Patients in the intervention group had shorter duration of delirium (median 2·0 days, IQR 0·0–6·0 vs 4·0 days, 2·0–8·0; p=0·02), and more ventilator-free days (23·5 days, 7·4–25·6 vs 21·1 days, 0·0–23·8; p=0·05) during the 28-day follow-up period than did controls. There was one serious adverse event in 498 therapy sessions (desaturation less than 80%). Discontinuation of therapy as a result of patient instability occurred in 19 (4%) of all sessions, most commonly for perceived patient-ventilator asynchrony. Interpretation A strategy for whole-body rehabilitation—consisting of interruption of sedation and physical and occupational therapy in the earliest days of critical illness—was safe and well tolerated, and resulted in better functional outcomes at hospital discharge, a shorter duration of delirium, and more ventilator-free days compared with standard care.
Cytoplasmic fine structure of nassellarian Radiolaria

Abstract Light and electron microscopic examinations were made of the cytoplasm, axopodial system, zooxanthellae, and skeletal-cytoplasmic relationship in two species of nassellarian Radiolaria. The organization of the axopodia and the fine structure of sinusoidal-membranous-tubular elements in the fusule are presented. These membranous tubules surround the microtubules at the periphery of the fusule and provide continuity between endoplasmic reticulum inside and outside of the capsular membrane. Their possible role in communication between ectoplasm and endoplasm is discussed. The axoplast lies in close proximity to the nucleus which may provide genetic control of microtubule organization. The apex of the axoplast is surrounded by mitochondria whose chemical products may regulate microtubule assembly and disassembly. The fine structure of the dinoflagellate zooxanthellae, their control by the radiolarian host, and their possible nutritional role is discussed. These findings are related to previous research on nassellarian Radiolaria and other Rhizopoda such as benthic and planktonic Foraminifera.
Effects of lung volume and chemoreceptor activity on blood pressure and R-R interval during the Valsalva maneuver

Study objectives The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of lung volume and inspiration of 100 % oxygen on blood pressure and R-R interval responses during the Valsalva maneuver. Design and Participants Fourteen healthy subjects completed eight Valsalva maneuvers. Four of the maneuvers were completed after inspiring to total lung capacity while the remaining maneuvers were completed at end-expiratory lung volume. Two maneuvers completed at a given lung volume were performed under hyperoxic conditions while the remaining maneuvers were completed under normoxic conditions. Results Overall, a significant increase in blood pressure and decrease in R-R interval occurred throughout phases I–IV of the Valsalva maneuvers that were initiated from end-expiratory lung volume as compared to total lung capacity. These changes were accompanied by a concomitant increase in baroreflex sensitivity during phase IV. Furthermore, independent of lung volume the baroreflex response was attenuated under hyperoxic conditions. Conclusions We conclude that the lung volume that exists prior to the onset of the maneuver alters the blood pressure and R-R interval response during phases I–IV of the Valsalva maneuver. Furthermore, we suggest that these responses are mediated in part by changes in chemoreceptor activity since the baroreflex was reset and the sensitivity was reduced under hyperoxic conditions. Given these findings, we recommend that lung volume be controlled when patients are completing a Valsalva maneuver to obtain reliable and reproducible measures of blood pressure, R-R interval duration and baroreflex sensitivity.
About-half-weekly (circasemiseptan) component of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) chronome and vascular disease risk.

Tarquini, B., G. CornELissen, F. Perfetto, R. Tarquini and F. Halberg. About-half-weekly (circasemiseptan) component of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) chronome and vascular disease risk. Peptides 18(8) 1237–1241, 1997.—Plasma ET-1 was measured around the clock on different calendar dates in healthy subjects and in subjects with diabetes and/or with high blood pressure and/or a history of vascular complications (HVDR). A transverse approach, with each subject contributing a single 24-h mean, assessed any about-weekly or half-weekly variation in ET-1. A circasemiseptan component resolved by single cosinor for nondiabetic (but not for diabetic) HVDR subjects (p = 0.010) differs in its timing of overall high values (p < 0.050) from that found in healthy subjects (p = 0.006). The results are aligned with circasemiseptan patterns in other circulatory variables and morbidity/mortality statistics.
Optimization of Broadband Absorption in Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications

We study broadband absorption in semiconductor nanowire arrays made of several common photovoltaic materials. We optimize the structural parameters to determine how the maximum achievable efficiency depends on nanowire height.
Cultural tensions in occupational therapy practice : Considerations from a Japanese vantage point

Culture not only assigns a name to occupation through its language, but it also shapes the form it takes and the meaning with which it is imbued. When an individual chooses an occupation, psychological and physical concerns as well as cultural practices, values, and beliefs come into play. Although occupational therapists are trained to be culturally competent, their grasp of the importance of cultural considerations can be enhanced through detailed accounts of the way in which such concerns affect clinical practice. In this paper, I describe in detail my observations of how differences between American and Japanese culture have created tensions in occupational therapy practice in Japan. Further, largely through a case presentation, I illustrate the necessity for incorporating in-depth cultural considerations as a central part of the occupational therapy process. I argue that the study of culture and the production of culture-specific occupational therapy theories will contribute to best practice. I conclude by demonstrating that universal as well as culture-specific theories are needed to nurture occupational therapy.
Ecological Separation of Three Genera of Pocket Gophers (Geomyidae)

A study of the ecology and distribution of Geomys bursarius jugossicularis Hooper, Thomomys bottae cultellus Kelson, and Pappogeomys castanops Baird was conducted in northeastern New Mexico. Comparisons of body size, soils utilized, burrow characteristics, distinguishing surface features, and winter activity revealed each species to be ecologically separate. Altitude and soils are discussed as factors influencing the geographical separation of the species, although soil appears to be the primary limiting factor. Based on the observed distribution and range of soils inhabited, the most limited distribution and the broadest range of soil types is found for the largest species P. castonops, followed by T. bottae and then G. bursarius.
Experimental method for studying gust effects on micro rotorcraft

Micro rotorcraft have a great potential for both civilian and military applications, but for successful deployment, they must operate robustly in real-world environments including flight in winds. Due to their small size, common wind fields in and around buildings can represent a large percentage of the vehicle’s full flight envelope resulting in highly non-linear motion. An experimental method has been developed to evaluate the capabilities of micro rotorcraft in realistic wind conditions to aid in the design and evaluation of these vehicles. A synthetic wind generation system is used to create repeatable and controllable gust excitations, and a motion capture system is used for precise measurement of vehicle response. Performance metrics associated with the accuracy of position tracking and angular rate excursions are proposed to quantify vehicle capabilities at different excitation levels for design assessment and cross-platform comparison. To demonstrate the experimental method, test results are shown to evaluate the capabilities of a micro coaxial helicopter in realistic winds as a function of gust excitation level and vehicle size. For this example system, light wind gusts degrade hover hold accuracy by a factor of 3 compared to a situation with quiescent winds.
Exploring Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism in Youth: Examination of Associations with Antisocial Behavior and Aggression.

We sought to explore the differential associations of callous–unemotional (CU) traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits with overt aggression, relational aggression, delinquency, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation in a community sample of boys and girls (ages 11–17). Results indicated that the three personality traits were significantly correlated with each other, yet distinct. CU traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits demonstrated different unique associations with behavior problems. Specifically, narcissistic traits showed the strongest unique associations with overt aggression, relational aggression, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation. CU traits showed the second strongest unique associations with overt aggression, delinquency and behavioral dysregulation, but were not associated with relational aggression or emotional dysregulation. Lastly, Machiavellian traits showed a strong unique association with emotional dysregulation, but were not uniquely associated with externalizing behavior problems. These findings have implications for intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.
Not Such a Simple Story: Contradictory Evidence from a Review of Story Structure Research for Students At-risk.

The Common Core State Standards and the continued inclusion of students with learning disabilities (LD) in Tier 1 classrooms are changing how close reading of texts occurs in English Language Arts classrooms. Therefore, understanding the potential impact of literacy-related evidence-based practices during Tier 1 instruction that includes students with reading-related disabilities is essential. This article reviews the research on story-structure instruction for students with LD and at-risk for failure. Findings across 16 studies indicate several features of strong methodological designs including random assignment and inclusion of students with LD. However, substantial limitations in the research base include contradictory outcomes, limited outcomes disaggregated for students with LD, reliance on researcher-developed measures, a lack of instructional features to support students with LD, and limited features of feasible implementation.
Lean higher education: successes, challenges, and realizing potential

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence from the experiences and the literature on organizational change and transformation to implement and sustain Lean higher education (LHE) initiatives designed to benefit the university, its employees, and the individuals it serves. Design/methodology/approach – The authors present organizational development literature and examples of success and challenges to better support the effective application of LHE. Findings – The authors address the importance of and techniques for first, assessing and improving institutional readiness; second, enhancing leadership awareness, understanding, and support for LHE; third, strategic planning, Lean leadership, and getting help for LHE; and fourth, facilitating an institution-wide transition to LHE. Originality/value – A structured, step-by-step approach offers practical guidance for implementing institution-wide Lean initiatives in HE.
Frequency distribution of genetic markers in Guernsey cattle.

Abstract Ten polymorphic systems of blood antigens and blood proteins were analyzed in 6,802 Guernsey cows from 77 herds and 11 states. The numbers of alleles identified with frequencies >1% in the A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, and Z blood antigen systems and the alkaline phosphatase system were 3, 17, 11, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, and 2. Gene frequencies were determined by maximum likelihood, allocation, and square root methods for the dominant systems and by the gene counting method for the codominant system. Distributions varied greatly in the different systems. Comparisons among these and other blood and milk genetic marker systems revealed lack of independence of J and alkaline phosphatase phenotypes, J and milk protein β -lactoglobulin phenotypes, and of combined phenotypes of the three systems. More cows than expected were J-negative when alkaline phosphatase A was present or when β -lactoglobulin B was present. Phenotypes of blood antigen system A and hemoglobin were also different from independent assortment. More hemoglobin B cows had blood antigen system A phenotype A than the other phenotypes. The blood antigen locus F had more heterozygous cows than were expected for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception.

The ability to taste the bitter compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and related chemicals is bimodal, and all human populations tested to date contain some people who can and some people who cannot taste PTC. Why this trait has been maintained in the population is uncertain but this polymorphism may influence food selection, nutritional status or thyroid metabolism. The gene product that gives rise to this phenotype is unknown, and its characterization would provide insight into the mechanism of bitter taste perception. Although this trait is often considered a simple Mendelian trait, i.e. one gene two alleles, a recent linkage study found a major locus on chromosome 5p15 and evidence for an additional locus on chromosome 7. The development of methods to identify these genes will provide a good stepping-stone between single-gene disorders and polygenic traits.
Striations in a radio frequency planar inductively coupled plasma

Photographic evidence is presented for azimuthal structure in cylindrical radio frequency (RF) planar inductively coupled plasmas. Observations made in a high aspect ratio chamber (antenna radius large compared to height of plasma volume) show azimuthal striations (periodic modulations in emitted light intensity) in an argon discharge. These striations, reported here for the first time, have serious implications for discharge uniformity under some conditions (discharge shown at 300 W RF power, 85 mtorr). A comparison to positive column striations in dc glow discharges shows some similarities, although a complete explanation will require consideration of RF effects.
The design of broad-band active delay line/90&#176; phase difference networks

The general configuration of a delay line/90° phase difference network having a single input and two outputs is defined. The group delay from the input to each output is specified over a frequency range as well as the phase difference between the two outputs. A procedure is outlined for obtaining the singularities associated with this type of configuration. The general procedure for realizing active networks corresponding to the singularities is discussed. The actual active network realizations are obtained in a form that is easily implemented as a thickfilm hybrid circuit.
Topical Therapies for Acne

Topical treatment is a key component of acne therapy. Acne treatments target factors contributing to acne formation and act to normalize follicular keratinization and decrease sebaceous gland activity and follicular bacterial populations [1]. With early treatment, acne scarring, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and psychological distress may be reduced or prevented [2]. Topical therapies for acne come in prescription and over-the-counter formulations. This chapter will focus on prescription products only.
Long‐term regional control in the observed neck following definitive chemoradiation for node‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer

Traditionally, patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for node-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (N+ OPSCC) have undergone a planned neck dissection (ND) after treatment. Recently, negative post-treatment positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging has been found to have a high negative predictive value for the presence of residual disease in the neck. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of a large, uniform cohort of N+ OPSCC patients achieving a PET/CT-based complete response (CR) after chemoradiotherapy, and undergoing observation, rather than ND. From 2002 to 2009, 302 patients with N+ OPSCC treated with 70 Gy intensity-modulated radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy underwent post-treatment clinical assessment including PET/CT. CR was defined as no evidence of disease on clinical examination and post-treatment PET/CT. ND was reserved for patients with <CR on either PET/CT, clinical examination, or other imaging. 260 patients (86.1%) had clinical and radiographic CRs, and underwent neck observation (rate of regional control, 97.7%; 5-year overall survival, 79.8%). The four observed patients experiencing neck recurrence had initial staging of N1 (n = 2), N2b (n = 1), and N2c (n = 1). Three of four were successfully surgically salvaged. There was no association between N stage and rate of neck recurrence (p = 0.74). 52 and 25% of patients undergoing ND had viable tumor in the neck after positive and negative PET/CT, respectively. We conclude that patients achieving CRs after chemoradiation, based on clinical and PET/CT assessment, have a high probability of regional control, with a 2.3% regional failure rate, and may be safely observed without planned ND.
Recent measurements on the prototype preamplifier module for the National Ignition Facility

Summary form only given. The preamplifier module or PAM is a high gain, Nd:glass laser system that amplifies the temporally and frequency formatted pulse produced in the master oscillator room (MOR), up to a level that is sufficient for seeding the main amplifier chains of the NIF laser system. The PAM consists of two separate laser amplifiers, a diode-pumped, regenerative amplifier, and a 5 cm., flashlamp-pumped-rod, four-pass amplifier. The amplifiers boost the 1 nJ input pulse from the MOR up to 10-20 Joules in a pulse that ranges from 0.2 to 20 ns. In addition to amplification, the PAM spatially shapes the beam to precompensate for the spatial gain profiles of the main amplifiers, and angularly disperses the beam as part of the smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) feature of the laser system. In the past we have demonstrated the performance specifications of the preamplifier on a tabletop, development system. We assembled the first engineering prototype PAM and are conducting final measurements on a system that will become the first of 48 PAMs in the NIF laser system. We made improvements to various subsystems in the PAM that are now included in the engineering prototype. We now operate the regenerative amplifier in energy saturation to reduce the pulse-to-pulse variation in the PAM. We improved the efficiency of the spatial beam shaping masks by including the effects of diffraction from the chrome pixels in designing the masks. We eliminated temporal pulse overlap in the four-pass amplifier by lengthening the relay telescopes in the four-pass optical layout. In the presentation we discuss the latest results from performance measurements of PAM engineering prototype.
Quantum entanglement and the uncertainty relations

Entangled EPR two-particle system is characterized by Δ(p1+p2) = 0 and Δ (x1- x2) = 0, simultaneous. Even the momentum and position of each individual particle are completely undefined: Δ pj ∼ ∞, Δ xj ∼∞. This remarkable feature does not violate the uncertainty principle of quantum theory. It is the result of the surprising two-particle quantum coherent superposition. Although questions regarding fundamental issues of quantum theory still exist, quantum entanglement has brought about a novel concept in nonlocal timing and positioning measurements with ultra-high accuracy, even beyond the classical limit.
A discourse model for überhaupt

The German particle "uberhaupt" exhibits a variety of uses with seemingly unrelated meanings. Correspondingly, only partial and non-unified theoretical accounts have been proposed. I show how the various intuitions and ostensibly different meanings can be derived from a unified characterization of "uberhaupt" as a move to a higher-level question under discussion. The account explains how "uberhaupt" could correspond to a single word in German, and it provides additional support for questions under discussion as an important aspect of contexts. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.7.1 BibTeX info
CCK-B receptors produce similar signals but have opposite growth effects in CHO and Swiss 3T3 cells

Rat cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptors were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO-CCK-B) and Swiss 3T3 (Swiss 3T3-CCK-B) cells, and the effects of receptor activation on cell prolif...
Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine for Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux and Functional Dyspepsia

Abstract Background: Acupuncture for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD), while not previously described in a pediatric cohort, may be a safe and effective alternative to pharmacologic treatment. This article provides a description of the authors' experience in treating children with refractory GERD or FD wherein acupuncture was used as a part of an integrative medicine treatment approach. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed from 2013 to 2014. Results: Seven patients were treated: 5 of 6 reported reduction of nausea and 3 of 4 reported reductions in pain. Four of 4 patients were successfully weaned off proton pump inhibitors. The patients in this cohort tolerated acupuncture very well. Conclusions: Acupuncture in children is well-tolerated and safe, and has minimal adverse effects. It may be an effective adjunct to standard care for treating children with GERD or FD.
Why You Are More Engaged: Factors Influencing Twitter Engagement in Occupy Wall Street

Twitter has been used for engaging with audiences online in several popular political movements. In this paper we explore factors that influence the engagement of Twitter users during the recent Occupy Wall Street movement, where engagement is measured by retweets and hashtag usage related to the movement. Through analyzing Twitter activities of more than 18,000 users, we found that users’ general activity level, geographic location, topic interests and interpersonal interactions before the movement all had measurable effects on users’ engagement level during the movement.
Superconducting Cryogenic Motors

The recent development of superconducting magnetic bearings of high load-carrying characteristics has led to the design of cryogenic motors which have essentially no internal losses from either mechanical or electrical sources. Small synchronous motors have been operated with the superconducting rotor in liquid helium, helium gas or in high vacuums. This paper will discuss some of the superconducting principles involved in the design of small reversible shaftless motors capable of prolonged high-speed operation while in a high vacuum, Motors of this type offer an unusually high degree of constancy of performance, which makes their use in cryogenic gyroscopes appear attractive, Undoubtedly numerous other applications exist. Only brief reference will be made to the superconducting bearings used in these motors since this subject is discussed in a recent paper by T. A. Buchhold [1] and also by I. Simon [2].
Speculations on the nature of the southern California uplift

The origin of the southern California uplift is investigated using models in which the viscoelastic properties of the asthenosphere and the fluid flow (poroelastic) properties of the upper lithosphere are accounted for. The uplift is presumed to be a recurrent process related to the compressional tectonics of the Transverse Ranges, which have been elevated as much as 3 km in Quaternary time. The uplift itself is modeled by aseismic slip at depth on a thrust fault dipping at a shallow angle. Introducing stress relaxation properties in the lithosphere and asthenosphere causes subsequent time-dependent deformation. In the case of asthenospheric relaxation, the post-slip movements involve further elevation of the uplifted region and approximately north-south oriented tensional strains, both of which disagree to some extent with observations. Poroelastic relaxation is simulated by abruptly decreasing the elastic moduli in the upper lithosphere once fault slip has ceased. The result is subsidence of previously uplifted regions and continued north-south contractional straining. Although these features qualitatively agree with observations, the success of the model is mixed. Matching the measured partial collapse requires a large (factor of 3) elastic modulus change in the upper crust, introducing possible large changes in seismic wave velocities which are not observed. Whether these defects eliminate fluid flow as a mechanism for the partial collapse or merely reflect the shortcomings of an overidealized model is not yet clear.
Evaluation of Direct Infusion-Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Heat Shock Proteins

Protein quantification with liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) has emerged as a powerful platform for assessing panels of biomarkers. In this study, direct infusion, using automated, chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization, coupled with MRM (DI-MRM) is used for protein quantification. Removal of the LC separation step increases the importance of evaluating the ratios between the transitions. Therefore, the effects of solvent composition, analyte concentration, spray voltage, and quadrupole resolution settings on fragmentation patterns have been studied using peptide and protein standards. After DI-MRM quantification was evaluated for standards, quantitative assays for the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were translated from LC-MRM to DI-MRM for implementation in cell line models of multiple myeloma. Requirements for DI-MRM assay development are described. Then, the two methods are compared; criteria for effective DI-MRM analysis are reported on the basis of the analysis of HSP expression in digests of whole cell lysates. The increased throughput of DI-MRM analysis is useful for rapid analysis of large batches of similar samples, such as time course measurements of cellular responses to therapy.
Effect of stress upon the healing of wounds in rats.

Summary1. A variety of situations, calculated to provide a chronic “stress” stimulus, have been studied in order to determine the effect of stress upon the bursting pressure of standard laparotomy wounds in rats. 2. With the exception of mild stress (skin incisions, single turpentine injection), in each case a depression of the bursting pressure of fifth day laparotomy wounds was observed. This was accompanied by increases in the weight of the adrenal glands at autopsy. 3. The duration of this period of stress-induced depression of healing appeared to vary with the magnitude and the nature of the stress stimulus.
Cultural Crisis and Economic Security

Cultural economic attributes have determined the interaction between culture and the economy closely and far-reaching.On one hand,economic globalization,cultural globalization and the information society caused by the cultural revolution promote the cultural crisis occur possibility;the other hand,issues of culture and economic security caused by cultural crisis are related to the survival of the state and the nation.It is necessary to fight for the right to control the discourse in international cultural exchange through achieving the cultural industry by the market-oriented operation and to take the necessary cultural control measures to protect national economic and cultural security.Only by so doing it can enhance cultural development,cultural immunization,cultural innovation and thus enhance the core competitiveness,activation of the national industrial production innovation vitality.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Pb-free solder alloys for low-cost electronic assembly: A review

Lead-free solders, including Sn-58Bi, Sn-52In, and Sn-3.5Ag, are potential replacements for Sn-37Pb solder in low-cost electronic assembly. This paper reviews the literature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys. Because of the processing and testing conditions, many of the data are not predictive for electronic assembly applications. However, eutectic Sn-Bi seems to have properties approaching those of eutectic Sn-Pb under most conditions, while eutectic Sn-In seems far inferior in most respects. Eutectic Sn-Ag has many promising characteristics, but its relatively high melting temperature may preclude its use for this type of application.
The Microbiota Contributes to CD8+ T Cell Activation and Nutrient Malabsorption following Intestinal Infection with Giardia duodenalis

Giardia duodenalis is a noninvasive luminal pathogen that impairs digestive function in its host in part by reducing intestinal disaccharidase activity. This enzyme deficiency has been shown in mice to require CD8(+) T cells. We recently showed that both host immune responses and parasite strain affected disaccharidase levels during murine giardiasis. However, high doses of antibiotics were used to facilitate infections in that study, and we therefore decided to systematically examine the effects of antibiotic use on pathogenesis and immune responses in the mouse model of giardiasis. We found that antibiotic treatment did not overtly increase the parasite burden but significantly limited the disaccharidase deficiency observed in infected mice. Moreover, while infected mice had more activated CD8(+) αβ T cells in the small intestinal lamina propria, this increase was absent in antibiotic-treated mice. Infection also led to increased numbers of CD4(+) αβ T cells in the lamina propria and activation of T cell receptor γδ-expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), but these changes were not affected by antibiotics. Finally, we show that activated CD8(+) T cells express gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and granzymes but that granzymes are not required for sucrase deficiency. We conclude that CD8(+) T cells become activated in giardiasis through an antibiotic-sensitive process and contribute to reduced sucrase activity. These are the first data directly demonstrating activation of CD8(+) T cells and γδ T cells during Giardia infections. These data also demonstrate that disruption of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotic treatment prevents pathological CD8(+) T cell activation in giardiasis.
Surface Tension and Negative Pressure Interior of a Non-Singular ``Black Hole''

The constant density interior Schwarzschild solution for a static, spherically symmetric collapsed star has a divergent pressure when its radius R ≤ 9 8Rs = 9 4GM . We show that this divergence is integrable, and induces a non-isotropic transverse stress with a finite redshifted surface tension on a spherical surface of radius R0 = 3R √ 1− 89 R Rs . For r < R0 the interior Schwarzschild solution exhibits negative pressure. When R = Rs, the surface is localized at the Schwarzschild radius itself, R0 = Rs, and the solution has constant negative pressure p = −ρ everywhere in the interior r < Rs, thereby describing a gravitational condensate star, a fully collapsed non-singular state already inherent in and predicted by classical General Relativity. The redshifted surface tension of the condensate star surface is given by τs = ∆κ/8πG, where ∆κ = κ+ − κ− = 2κ+ = 1/Rs is the difference of equal and opposite surface gravities between the exterior and interior Schwarzschild solutions. The First Law, dM = dEv +τs dA is recognized as a purely mechanical classical relation at zero temperature and zero entropy, describing the volume energy and surface energy change respectively. Since there is no event horizon, the Schwarzschild time t of such a non-singular gravitational condensate star is a global time, fully consistent with unitary time evolution in quantum theory. The p = −ρ interior acts as a defocusing lens for light passing through the condensate, leading to imaging characteristics distinguishable from a classical black hole. A further observational test of gravitational condensate stars with a physical surface vs. black holes is the discrete surface modes of oscillation which should be detectable by their gravitational wave signatures.
Predicting retweeting behavior based on autoregressive moving average model

In this paper, we consider a fundamental social network issue that illustrates how information dynamically flows through a social media network. Inferring the number of times that a particular message posted by some specific user will be retweeted by his followers and predicting the number of readings of the posted message via various retweeting chains are central to understanding the underlying mechanism of the retweeting behaviors. Specifically we work on the Task 2 of the WISE 2012 Challenge, i.e., predicting retweet behaviors in the Sina Webo data set. We develop an approach based on the Autoregressive-Moving-Average (ARMA). In the approach, we treat retweeting activities of each original tweet as a time series where each value corresponds to the number of times that the original tweet is tweeted or the number of times of possible-view of the original tweet during that particular time period. For each tweet in the test data, our approach first identifies the most similar message from the training data based on the similarity between their time series values in the same length period as provided in the test tweet, fits the ARMA models over the whole time series of the identified message, and then applies the fitted model over the time series of the test tweet to predict future values. We report our prediction results and findings in this paper.
Classical Statistical Mechanics

Abstract The basic philosophy of statistical representations of microscopic systems stems from the works of Boltzmann and Maxwell. Statistical mechanics is the bridge between the macroscopic properties of matter and the microscopic states of the system. The concepts of phase space and distribution functions provide the scaffold upon which the fundamental structure of statistical mechanics is built. The Liouville Theorem, the Poincare Recurrence Theorem, and the Ergodic Hypothesis validate the mathematical nature of distribution functions and the use of ensembles to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the microscopic systems. The underlying principles of statistical mechanics are introduced through an analysis of casino games that serve as macroscopic analogues to microscopic processes. Three ensembles and their corresponding partition functions are introduced as follows: the microcanonical ensemble for systems of constant number of particles (N), volume (V), and energy (E); the canonical ensemble for systems of constant N, V, and temperature (T); and the grand canonical ensemble for the description of systems of constant chemical potential (μ), V, and T. The equations that relate the partition functions to thermodynamic variables are derived.
Abstract A35: Knowledge and attitudes concerning the human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the human papillomavirus vaccine in rural Appalachia

Despite introduction of the quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil that prevents 70% of cervical cancer in immunized women, cervical cancer mortality rates in rural areas of Appalachia have remained significantly higher than the overall US cervical cancer death rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level concerning cervical cancer and HPV among people in three communities in eastern Tennessee and Kentucky, and to identify barriers against receiving the HPV vaccine. A two-page survey was developed which addressed: 1) knowledge about cervical cancer, HPV, and the vaccine, and 2) attitudes towards children receiving the vaccine, including questions addressing barriers to receiving the vaccine. The survey was written at a 4th-grade reading level and was administered in written and oral form in the three Community Health Clinics run by Dayspring Family Health Center. If administered in written form, nurses in the clinics handed out the survey after triage; if administered orally, the principle investigator read the questions to the participant. Data analysis is currently ongoing, but initial results indicate that the populations had less-than-ideal knowledge about HPV and the vaccine. While 63% of those surveyed had heard of HPV, only 37% of participants answered 7 or more of the 10 knowledge questions correctly, and only 42% believed that the vaccine could prevent cervical cancer. It also appears that the people attending the most rural clinic had the least knowledge about HPV and the vaccine. Fifty-five percent of those surveyed thought that children of the correct age and gender should get the HPV vaccine. The most common reason against getting the vaccine for children cited by survey participants lack of information about the vaccine, but participants overwhelmingly indicated that their doctor was the only person who could convince them to obtain the vaccine for their children. The regression analysis showed that gender and age of the participant as well as their attitude towards children receiving the HPV shot have a statistically significant affect on their knowledge of HPV and the vaccine. The type of survey administration was not significant when adjusting for other predictors. In conclusion, current analysis indicates that levels of knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine are low in these rural Appalachian populations, and that people overwhelmingly want to learn more about the vaccine from their doctor before deciding to get the shot for their children. In light of the high rates of cervical cancer in this area, these results indicate that further information distribution about HPV, its link to cervical cancer, and the preventive affects of the vaccine by doctors is necessary in this area.
TEM’s Details

According to TEM, a person is justified in believing an interesting modal claim, p, if and only if (a) she is justified in believing a theory according to which p is true, (b) she believes p on the basis of that theory, and (c) she has no defeaters for her belief that p. Accordingly, we need a story about how we come to justifiably believe theories, a story about theories on which they have modal content, and a story about what it is to believe a claim on the basis of a theory. This chapter provides the second and third story, and explains why I can leave the problem of theory confirmation for others.
Copula as a Bridge Between Probability Theory and Fuzzy Logic

This work shows how dependence in many-valued logic and probability theory can be fused into one concept by using copulas and marginal probabilities. It also shows that the t-norm concept used in fuzzy logic is covered by this approach. This leads to a more general statement that axiomatic probability theory covers logic structure of fuzzy logic. This paper shows the benefits of using structures that go beyond the simple concepts of classical logic and set theory for the modeling of dependences.