cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bustin’ Makes Me Feel Good: A Low-Cost Cell-Phone Buster for the 850 MHz Band

In 1957 the site for the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory was chosen for its minimal radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby human activities. The efficacy of the site has since been compromised by having a full staff of 40+ engineers, technologists, and scientists located directly adjacent to the telescopes. The site is visited daily by temporary workers, the general public, couriers, and contractors. Guided tours are offered 10AM–5PM every weekend from April through October, significantly increasing the number of visitors. The encroachment of humans on site brings RFI that is carried on their persons, such as cell phones, tablets, smart watches, and cameras. We built a device to detect cellular uplink activity as a means to demonstrating an affordable off-the-shelf solution for finding bad actors on site who have not powered off their cellular devices. We describe the cell-phone buster device, show the results from a brief survey of on-site cellular activity, and discuss plans to expand the capabilities to detect Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other RF emissions from personal electronic devices on site.
Law Student Attitudes about their Experience in the COVID-19 Transition to Online Learning

Law students from Texas Tech University were surveyed about their attitudes concerning online learning due to the COVID-19 transition, at the end of the spring semester 2020. Questions concerned obstacles to learning, experiences and perceptions. Among the most frequently cited obstacles for students were that students had to move (49%) from their physical location, they were impacted financially (60%) and they lacked reliable internet (40%). The impact of the disease itself was relatively small with only 10% reporting they were affected by someone having COVID-19. Concerns that the lack of time to design courses for online learning, may have soured students to the online experience were evident from the responses that 36% of students indicated they were less likely to take online classes in the future. Perhaps more surprisingly, 17% reported they were more likely to take online classes in the future. There was a difference between students who self-selected online courses in the spring semester compared with those experiencing the compulsory transition to all online classes. When students were asked whether they got as much from online learning as face to face courses, 55% of those self-selecting for online courses agreed; whereas 25% all law students disagreed with that statement. More than half of those who self-selected for online courses (55%) reported that their spring semester online course experience helped in the COVID-19 transition.
Steel-Plate Composite Walls with Different Types of Out-of-Plane Shear Reinforcement: Behavior, Analysis, and Design

AbstractSteel-plate composite (SC) walls consist of two steel faceplates connected with tie bars and then filled with concrete. The tie bars provide stability to the empty modules and serve as out-...
Spine Surgery and Preoperative Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and Hemoglobin A1c: A Systematic Review.

Study Design:Systematic review.Objectives:Synthesize previous studies evaluating clinical utility of preoperative Hb/Hct and HbA1c in patients undergoing common spinal procedures: anterior cervical...
Detecting natural selection in trait-trait coevolution

ABSTRACT No phenotypic trait evolves independently of all other traits, but the cause of trait-trait coevolution is poorly understood. While the coevolution could arise simply from pleiotropic mutations that simultaneously affect the traits concerned, it could also result from multivariate natural selection favoring certain trait relationships. To gain a general mechanistic understanding of trait-trait coevolution, we examine the evolution of 220 cell morphology traits across 16 natural strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the evolution of 24 wing morphology traits across 110 fly species of the family Drosophilidae, along with the variations of these traits among gene deletion or mutation accumulation lines (a.k.a. mutants). For numerous trait pairs, the phenotypic correlation among evolutionary lineages differs significantly from that among mutants. Specifically, we find hundreds of cases where the evolutionary correlation between traits is strengthened or reversed relative to the mutational correlation, which, according to our population genetic simulation, is likely caused by multivariate selection. Furthermore, we detect selection for enhanced modularity of the yeast traits analyzed. Together, these results demonstrate that trait-trait coevolution is shaped by natural selection and suggest that the pleiotropic structure of mutation is not optimal. Because the morphological traits analyzed here are chosen largely because of their measurability, our conclusion is likely general.
Smart Tourism Specialization to Outfox the Competition:An Analytical Framework

This study provides an analytical framework of smart tourism specialization, integrating smart tourism, tourism specialization, and nations’ competitive advantage. The resulting model incorporates a process of tourism specialization, distinguishing between envisioned and realized tourism specialization. The model’s dynamic nature originates from the applied smart tourism management approach and a feedback loop while considering the possibility that tourism development is not an isolated process. The study contributes to the literature by analytically linking smart tourism with tourism specialization and nations’ competitiveness in a smart tourism specialization framework. Also, the study propels two new concepts in smart tourism literature, i.e., smart tourism specialization and smart tourism management. The analysis framework serves as a blueprint for policymakers in their quest to outfox the competition.
Tissue Oxygen Sensing: Bandages, Needles, and Wearable Devices

Oxygen is crucial for normal tissue function and repair. We have developed a toolkit of optical oxygen sensors that can be made into a wide range of materials and form factors for biomedical sensing applications.
Fast and accurate 3D acoustic propagation and inversion in layered media environments

A layered Green's function is used to solve the problem involving forward scattering from large objects in a 3D layered environment. After developing the 3D Lippmann-Schwinger equation for layered media and listing its benefits and disadvantages compared with other numerical methods, several examples of forward scattering are computed using the integral equation with G L and an independent method. In the forward problems, the acoustic wavespeed, density, thickness, and attenuation of the layers in which the object is buried are known, and the total field that results when a known incident field is projected on a scatterer is determined with known parameter values.
Verifying compliance of trusted programs

In this paper, we present an approach for verifying that trusted programs correctly enforce system security goals when deployed. A trusted program is trusted to only perform safe operations despite have the authority to perform unsafe operations; for example, initialization programs, administrative programs, root network daemons, etc. Currently, these programs are trusted without concrete justification. The emergence of tools for building programs that guarantee policy enforcement, such as security-typed languages (STLs), and mandatory access control systems, such as user-level policy servers, finally offers a basis for justifying trust in such programs: we can determine whether these programs can be deployed in compliance with the reference monitor concept. Since program and system policies are defined independently, often using different access control models, compliance for all program deployments may be difficult to achieve in practice, however. We observe that the integrity of trusted programs must dominate the integrity of system data, and use this insight, which we call the PIDSI approach, to infer the relationship between program and system policies, enabling automated compliance verification. We find that the PIDSI approach is consistent with the SELinux reference policy for its trusted programs. As a result, trusted program policies can be designed independently of their target systems, yet still be deployed in a manner that ensures enforcement of system security goals.
Cost-effectiveness analyses of vaccination programmes : a focused review of modelling approaches.

Cost effectiveness is becoming an increasingly important factor for stakeholders faced with decisions about adding a new vaccine into national immunization programmes versus alternative use of resources. Evaluating cost effectiveness, taking into account the relevant biological, clinical, epidemiological and economic factors of a vaccination programme, generally requires use of a model. This review examines the modelling approaches used in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of vaccination programmes. After overviewing the key attributes of models used in CEAs, a framework for categorising theoretical models is presented. Categories are based on three main attributes: static/dynamic; stochastic/deterministic; and aggregate/individual based. This framework was applied to a systematic review of CEAs of all currently available vaccines for the period of 1976 to May 2007. The systematic review identified 276 CEAs of vaccination programmes. The great majority (83%) of CEAs were conducted in the setting of high-income countries. Only a few vaccines were widely studied, with 57% of available CEAs being focused on the varicella, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B or pneumococcal vaccine. Several time trends were evident, indicating that the number of vaccine CEAs being published is increasing; the main health outcome measures are moving away from the number of cases prevented towards quality-adjusted and unadjusted life-years gained, and more complex models are beginning to be used. The modelling approach was often not adequately described. Of the 208 CEAs that could be categorized according to the framework, around 90% were deterministic, aggregate-level static models. Although a dynamic transmission model is required to account for herd-immunity effects, only 23 of the CEAs were dynamic. None of the CEAs were individual based. To improve communication about the cost effectiveness of vaccination programmes, we believe the first step is for analysts to be more transparent with each other. A clear description of the model type using consistent terminology and justification for the model choice must begin to accompany all CEAs. As a minimum, we urge modellers to provide an explicit statement about the following attributes: static/dynamic; stochastic/deterministic; aggregate/individual based; open/closed. Where relevant, time intervals (discrete/continuous) and (non)linearity should also be described. Enhanced methods of assessing model performance and validity are also required. Our results emphasize the need to improve modelling methods for CEAs of vaccination programmes; specifically, model choice, construction, assessment and validation.
On the mechanism of erythropoietin-induced differentiation. XI. Stimulated RNA synthesis independent of protein synthesis.

Abstract Puromycin inhibited protein synthesis in control cultured rat bone marrow cells by 98 %, and had only a slightly inhibitory action on RNA synthesis. Erythropoietin-stimulated RNA synthesis was inhibited completely. Cycloheximide inhibited control protein synthesis to the same extent as puromycin and caused significantly more inhibition of control RNA synthesis, but had no effect on erythropoietin-stimulated RNA formation. There was no difference in the effects of the two inhibitors on the synthesis of cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins, and both inhibited erythropoietin-stimulated protein formation. Prior action of cycloheximide on marrow cells did not prevent the inhibition of induced RNA synthesis caused by puromycin. These data indicate that the early hormone action on RNA synthesis does not require protein synthesis.
A high 87Sr86Sr mantle source for low alkali tholeiite, northern Great Basin

Olivine tholeiites, the youngest Tertiary units (about 8–11 m.y. old) at five widely spaced localities in northeastern Nevada, are geologically related to the basalts of the Snake River Plain, Idaho, to the north and are similar in major element and alkali chemistry to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and island arc tholeiites. The measured K (1250–3350 ppm), Rb (1·9–6·2 ppm) and Sr (140–240 ppm) concentrations overlap the range reported for MORB. Three of the five samples have low, unfractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns, the other two show moderate light-REE enrichment. Barium concentration is high and variable (100–780 ppm) and does not correlate with the other LIL elements. The rocks have 87Sr/86Sr = 0·7052–0·7076, considerably higher than MORB (~0·702–0·703). These samples are chemically distinct (i.e. less alkalic) from the olivine tholeiites from the adjacent Snake River Plain, but their Sr isotopic compositions are similar. They contain Sr that is distinctly more radiogenic than the basalts from the adjacent Great Basin. About 10 b.y. would be required for the mean measured Rb/Sr (~ 0·02) of these samples to generate, in a closed system, the radiogenic Sr they contain. The low alkali content of these basalts makes crustal contamination an unlikely mechanism. If the magma is uncontaminated, the time-averaged Rb/Sr of the source material must have been ~0·04. A significant decrease in Rb/Sr of the source material (a factor 2) thus most probably occurred in the relatively recent (109 yr) past. Such a decrease of Rb/Sr in the mantle could accompany alkali depletion produced by an episode of partial melting and magma extraction. In contrast, low 87Sr86Sr ratios indicate that the source material of the mid-ocean ridge basalts may have been depleted early in the Earth's history.
Learning procedural planning knowledge in complex environments

In complex, dynamic environments, an agent's knowledge of the environment (its domain knowledge) will rarely be complete and correct. Existing approaches to learning and correcting domain knowledge have focused on either learning procedural knowledge to directly guide execution (e.g. reinforcement learners) or learning declarative planning knowledge (e.g. theory revision systems). Systems that only learn execution knowledge are generally only applicable to small domains. In these domains it is possible to learn an execution policy that covers the entire state space, making planning unnecessary. Conversely, existing approaches to learning declarative planning knowledge are applicable to large domains, but they are limited to simple agents, where actions produce immediate, deterministic effects in fully sensed, noise-free environments, and where there are no exogenous events. This research investigates the use of procedural knowledge to support the learning of planning knowledge in large and complex environments. We describe a series of environmental properties that constrain learning and are violated by existing approaches to learning planning knowledge. We then present an operator-based representation for planning knowledge that is sufficiently expressive to model complex, conditional actions that produce sequential effects over time. We then present IMPROV, a system for learning and correcting errors in this planning knowledge that only requires procedural access to the knowledge. This procedural restriction ensures that learning remains tractable, even over these large, expressive representations. We first explain how IMPROV incrementally learns operator precondition knowledge. We then demonstrate how a hierarchical, operator-based representation can be used to reduce the problem of learning operator effects to the problem of learning operator preconditions. This result allows IMPROV to use a single learning method to learn both operator preconditions and effects. This also allows IMPROV to learn complex models of actions that produce conditional or sequential effects. Finally, we test the system in two sample domains and empirically demonstrate that it satisfies many of the constraints faced by learning agents in complex and challenging environments.
Role of p38 MAPK in UVB-Induced Inflammatory Responses in the Skin of SKH-1 Hairless Mice

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is activated by numerous inflammatory mediators and environmental stresses. We assessed the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) on the p38 MAPK pathway and determined whether cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is downstream of this kinase in the skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-1 mice. SKH-1 mice were irradiated with a single dose of UVB (360 mJ per cm2), and activation of the epidermal p38 MAPK pathway was assessed. UVB-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK occurred in a time-dependent manner. Phosphorylation of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK-2) also was detected and correlated with an increase in its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), a substrate for MAPKAPK-2, also was detected post-irradiation. Oral administration of the p38 inhibitor, SB242235, prior to UVB irradiation, blocked activation of the p38 MAPK cascade, and abolished MAPKAPK-2 kinase activity and phosphorylation of HSP27. Moreover, SB242235 inhibited expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and KC (murine IL-8) and COX-2. Our data demonstrate that UVB irradiation of murine skin activates epidermal p38 MAPK signaling and induces a local pro-inflammatory response. Blockade of the p38 MAPK pathway may offer an effective approach to reducing or preventing skin damage resulting from acute solar radiation.
Simulation studies in the energy environment interface

This paper describes the conceptualization, development and implementation of mathematical modelling techniques in the assessment of the environmental impact of nuclear and fossil-fueled power plants located along tidal estuaries and using once-through cooling techniques. Physical and biological sub-system models predict accurately the far-field temperature distribution and the long-term impact on biological communities of the Hudson Estuary due to plant waste-heat discharges and cooling water intake structures respectively.
"BIOINSPIRED" INORGANIC FILM GROWTH AT ORGANIC TEMPLATES

Many living organisms grow crystalline inorganic components (usually to add mechanical strength, but also for sensing and other applications). These organisms exert a high degree of control not just over the crystal orientation but also over the structure and composition of the crystals. They do this in wet environments, without the use of ultrahigh vacuum. There have been efforts to mimic this process in the laboratory by growing minerals under floating (Langmuir) monolayers, which serve as ordered organic templates. We have studied such processes using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of both organic and inorganic films during deposition. These studies illustrate that some of the same phenomena familiar to surface scientists working in UHV occur also in "real world" environments.
Irradiation effects on substructure -related to irradiation softening

Abstract The evolution of the dislocation microstructure during irradiation of a deformed Fe-2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo ferritic alloy was characterized by two competing processes. At low temperature, the dislocation density increased due to loop formation and interaction. At higher temperature, the dislocation density decreased due to recovery and polygonization of the original tangled cell structure. The transition temperature which separates these two processes decreased with increasing degree of cold work. Radiation-induced recovery of the deformation substructure was, however, only marginal compared to purely thermal-induced recovery. The observed transition in microstructure with temperature correlated well with the transition from hardening at low temperatures to softening at high temperatures observed during neutron irradiation. The dislocation evolution in cold-worked ferritic alloys is distinct from that observed in cold-worked austenitic alloys in that cold-worked or annealed starting conditions do not evol...
Efficient synthetic methodology for 1-(phenylthio)cyclopropylsilanes, precursors of 1-(lithio)cyclopropylsilanes

Abstract Two one flask connective methods for preparing 1-(phenylthio)-cyclopropylsilanes, precursors of 1-(lithio)cyclopropylsilanes, are described.
Optical laboratory solution and error model simulation of a linear time-varying finite element equation

The use of simplified error models to accurately simulate and evaluate the performance of an optical linear-algebra processor is described. The optical architecture used to perform banded matrix-vector products is reviewed, along with a linear dynamic finite-element case study. The laboratory hardware and ac-modulation technique used are presented. The individual processor error-source models and their simulator implementation are detailed. Several significant simplifications are introduced to ease the computational requirements and complexity of the simulations. The error models are verified with a laboratory implementation of the processor, and are used to evaluate its potential performance.
Visual Revelations: Graphical Tales of Fate and Deception from Napoleon Bonaparte to Ross Perot

Part 1 Graphical failures: how to display data badly graphical mysteries. Part 2 Graphical triumphs: graphical answers to scientific questions three graphic memorials a Nobel graph Todai Moto Kurashi picturing an L.A. bus schedule. Part 3 Graphical forms: humble pie double Y-axis graphs tabular presentation a rose by another name trilinear plots implicit graphs. Part 4 Using graphical methods: measuring graphicacy graphs in the presidential campaign - why weren't they used more broadly? visual aids when comparing an apple to the stars. Part 5 Improving graphical presentations: integrating figures and text elegance, grace, impact, and graphical displays sense-lining making readable overhead displays - finally.
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor protects rat intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background. We have shown previously that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is cytoprotective for intestinal epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia in vitro. We now examine the effects of HB-EGF on the recovery of small intestine from ischemic injury in vivo. Methods. Segmental intestinal ischemia of 60-min duration was produced in adult rats by occlusion of a first-order branch of the superior mesenteric artery. Recombinant HB-EGF (100 μg) was injected intraluminally into the proximal small bowel after 45 min of ischemia in experimental animals, and buffered saline was injected in control animals. Animals were sacrificed after 48 h, and the affected bowel was resected, processed, and examined microscopically, with histologic grading of the ischemic injury. Additional animals were allowed to recover for up to 1 month to evaluate mortality differences. Results. Intraluminal administration of HB-EGF resulted in significantly decreased extent and severity of ischemia/reperfusion injury, with significantly decreased grade of injury in the HB-EGF-treated compared with nontreated animals (average injury grade 0.66 compared with 2.44, respectively). Moreover, the mortality rate was significantly lower in the HB-EGF-treated animals compared with nontreated animals (0% vs 25%, respectively). HB-EGF-treated animals had increased weight gain in the postischemia recovery period. Conclusions. We conclude that HB-EGF, given intraluminally, reduces both the amount and the severity of ischemia/reperfusion injury in the small bowel, reduces the mortality associated with intestinal ischemia, and may enhance intestinal recovery. The in vitro and in vivo cytoprotective effects of this growth factor suggest that it may, in the future, be clinically useful in treating patients with intestinal ischemia.
Pretreatment Nomogram That Predicts 5-Year Probability of Metastasis Following Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: There are several nomograms for the patient considering radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Because of the questionable clinical implications of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a patient will develop metastasis within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 patients treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment PSA level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. Patients were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed metastasis was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing metastasis was constructed from the MSKCC co...
Laboratory Modeling of the Mechanisms of Piping Erosion Initiation

A laboratory modeling program has been conducted to assess the mechanics of initiating the piping erosion process in sandy soils. The models were performed on several soils, differing in gradation, grain size, grain shape, and specific gravity. Observations and monitoring of pore pressures within the samples during the modeling identified four stages in the development of piping initiation: initial movement, progressive heave, boil formation, and total heave. By linking the observed behavior with the measured pore-pressure regime in the sample, a model for the mechanics of piping development has been developed. Finite-element seepage analyses were performed to model the progression of piping development in the laboratory models and corroborate the developed model of mechanics. The findings of the study identified a new model for the initiation of piping development that can be applied to the assessment of piping in the field.
Elimination of Current Dissipation in High Transition Temperature Superconductors

The relaxation of the shielding current-induced magnetic moment in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} thin films, which were grown in situ, is studied as a function of temperature. Although typical relaxations cause a large amount of decay in the magnetic shielding current (on the order of 10 to 20% for the first 1,000 seconds), it is shown that this is not necessarily a serious problem for applications such as magnets operating in persistent-current modes. This is because the decay of the magnetic shielding current depends sensitively on how far away the operating current density is from the critical current density J{sub c}. By using a quenching process the shielding current is reduced slightly below J{sub c} and the relaxation is dramatically reduced. A general relation between the relaxation rate at J{sub c} and the reduction of the relaxation rate upon lowering of the operating current is obtained and is shown to be consistent with experimental data. 14 refs., 5 figs.
Tits Systems in a Class of Kac–Moody Steinberg Groups☆

Abstract The construction of the Kac–Moody generalizations of the Steinberg groups has not included the infinite dimensional versions of the great Lie algebras. This is because the construction has assumed the existence of representations with dominant integral highest weights, an assumption which does not hold for those Lie algebras. An extension of the definition of the Weyl group to the adjoint of the Cartan subalgebra permits the construction of the Steinberg groups with Tits systems for that case.
Changes in reward contingency modulate the trial-to-trial variability of hippocampal place cells

Pyramidal cells in the rodent hippocampus often exhibit clear spatial tuning. Theories of hippocampal function suggest that these “place cells” implement multiple, independent neural representation...
Optical modeling activities for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST): III. Wavefront aberrations due to alignment and figure compensation

This paper is part three of a series describing the ongoing optical modeling activities for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The first two papers discussed modeling JWST on-orbit performance using wavefront sensitivities to predict line of sight motion induced blur, and stability during thermal transients [1-2]. The work here investigates the aberrations resulting from alignment and figure compensation of the controllable degrees of freedom (i.e. the primary and secondary mirrors), which may be encountered during ground alignment and on-orbit commissioning of the observatory. The optical design of the telescope is a three-mirror anastigmat, with an active fold mirror at the exit pupil for fine guiding. The primary mirror is over 6.5 meters in diameter, and is composed of 18 hexagonal segments that can individually positioned on hexapods, as well as compensated for radius of curvature. This architecture effectively gives both alignment and figure control of the primary mirror. The secondary mirror can be moved in rigid body only, and the tertiary mirror is fixed. Simulations are performed of various combinations of alignment and figure errors corrected by the primary and secondary mirrors. Single field point knowledge is assumed in the corrections, and aberrations over the field are reported for the varying cases.
Sensitivity of postsynaptic GABAB receptors on hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons to ethanol.

Baclofen-induced hyperpolarization of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons was examined to assess the impact of ethanol on postsynaptic GABAB receptors. These receptors activate outward K+ currents via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein cascade to reduce membrane potential during the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential. This inhibitory action may play a role in ethanol intoxication and withdrawal excitability. In both types of pyramidal neurons, baclofen applied consecutively in increasing concentrations caused concentration dependent hyperpolarization. There were no significant differences in resting membrane potential, input resistance, maximum baclofen-induced hyperpolarization or EC50 between CA1 and CA3 neurons, although slope values were significantly smaller in the former neurons. These parameters were not significantly changed in the presence of ethanol 10–100 mM. Chronic ethanol treatment (12 days) sufficient to induce physical dependence also did not shift sensitivity or maximum response to baclofen in CA1 neurons. These results suggest that GABAB receptors in this model are essentially insensitive to ethanol and do not confirm our earlier preliminary observation of a possible down-regulation of postsynaptic GABAB receptor function by chronic ethanol treatment.
Significant histologic features differentiating cellular fibroadenoma from phyllodes tumor on core needle biopsy specimens.

Objectives Cellular fibroepithelial lesions (CFELs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors encompassing cellular fibroadenoma (CFA) and phyllodes tumor (PT). Distinction between the two is challenging on core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens. The objective of this study was to evaluate histologic features that can help distinguish PT from CFA on CNB specimens. Methods Records of all patients diagnosed with CFELs on CNB specimens with follow-up excision between January 2002 and December 2012 were retrieved. Histopathologic stromal features were evaluated on CNB specimens, including mitoses per 10 high-power fields (hpf), overgrowth, increased cellularity, fragmentation, adipose tissue infiltration, heterogeneity, subepithelial condensation, and nuclear pleomorphism. Results Twenty-seven (42.2%) of 64 were diagnosed as PT (24 benign PTs and three borderline PTs) and 37 (57.8%) as CFA on excision. All features except for increased stromal cellularity were statistically significant. The average number of histologic features seen in PT and CFA was 3.9 and 1.4, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 7.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.44-21.69; P = .0004). The average number of mitoses per 10 hpf was 3.0 for PT compared with 0.8 for CFA (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.18-3.86; P = .01). Conclusions The presence of mitoses (three or more) and/or total histologic features of three or more on CNB specimens were the most helpful features in predicting PT on excision.
Applications of the Coulomb-modified Glauber approximation to n = 2 and n = 3 excitation of hydrogenlike ions by incident electrons. II

The Coulomb-modified form of the Glauber approximation is applied to the n = 2 and n = 3 excitation of hydrogenlike ions by incident electrons for various values of the target-ion nuclear charge Z sub n. The properly computed e(-)-He(+) 1s - 2s,2p Glauber predictions, including appropriate cascade effects, are compared with available experiment. The Z sub n dependence of the scaled integrated (over scattering angles) cross section is discussed, including the limit as Z sub n approaches infinity.
The impact of the year-round school calendar on the family vacation: an exploratory case study.

This article explores how the family vacation and the family vacation decision process have changed due to the implementation of year-round school in a Midwestern school system in the United States. A total of 96 families responded to a mail survey that dealt with the characteristics of the family vacation before and after the implementation of year-round school. The results indicate that year-round school has had a significant impact on vacation patterns. Implications for tourism are discussed.
Distributed services for information dissemination in self-organizing sensor networks

Abstract Dynamic enterprise systems, such as the battlefield, use self-organizing sensor network infrastructure to gather and disseminate real-time information for controlling the enterprise. Very large number of highly mobile sensor data sources and users may be scattered over a wide area with little or no fixed network support. These large surveillance sensor networks must adapt rapidly to dynamic changes in sensor nodes configuration. Dynamic query processing and target tracking through this unstructured sensor network of surveillance information sources and users must use the appropriate distributed services and network protocols to solve the problems of mobility, dispersion, weak and intermittent disconnection, dynamic reconfiguration and limited power availability. We provide three main distributed services: lookup service, composition service and dynamic adaptation service. Through a distributed implementation of these services, other application-specific network and system services can be defined spontaneously in the sensor network. They also enable dynamic adaptation of these services to incremental addition and removal of sensor nodes, device failure and degradation, migration of sensor nodes, and changing requirements in tasks and networks. When placed together impromptu, sensor nodes should immediately know about the capabilities and functions of other smart nodes and work together as a community system to perform coordinated tasks and networking functionalities.
The importance of angiogenesis markers in the outcome of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a retrospective study of 97 patients

Purpose The role of angiogenesis has been extensively evaluated in solid tumors and more recently in hematologic malignancies. Several surrogate markers of angiogenesis including tumor VEGF, VEGF receptors, and microvessel density have correlated with outcome in some lymphoma studies. This is a single institution retrospective study evaluating the role of angiogenesis markers in the clinical outcome of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Effects of internal carotid administration of MPTP on rat brain and blood-brain barrier.

Abstract Unlike primates, rats are resistant to systemic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxicity, but direct infusion of MPTP into rat substantia nigra causes specific destruction of dopaminergic neurons. We now demonstrate that rats are resistant to MPTP neurotoxicity even when MPTP is injected directly into the brain circulation. Injection of 1–3.5 mg of MPTP into the internal carotid artery of Wistar rats causes no behavioral or motor abnormalities and small, but significant, dopamine loss in the ipsilateral striatum. MPTP caused no changes in the levels of norepinephrine or serotonin in the cerebral cortex. Higher doses of intracarotid MPTP were lethal. Pretreatment with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, did not alter the mortality but prevented dopamine depletion. The high uptake and retention of MPTP by rat brain, yet its failure to cause major dopaminergic toxicity suggest that MPTP is rapidly metabolized in brain capillaries to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ) and other polar metabolites that have difficulty in traversing the blood-brain barrier. Sequestration of MPTP metabolites in brain capillary endothelial cells could result in their dysfunction. However, we found no defects in the ability of the blood-brain barrier to prevent the entry of vascular aminoisobutyric acid or horseradish peroxidase into brain in spite of morphologic evidence of endothelial changes and astrocytic swelling after intracarotid MPTP injections. Our results provide further evidence that the rat's resistance to systemic MPTP neurotoxicity is probably due to its unique blood-brain barrier properties.
Extracorporeal life support as rescue strategy for out-of-hospital and emergency department cardiac arrest.

Abstract Background Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been utilized as a rescue strategy for patients with cardiac arrest unresponsive to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Objective We sought to describe our institution's experience with implementation of ECLS for out-of-hospital and emergency department (ED) cardiac arrests. Our primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Methods Consecutive patients placed on ECLS in the ED or within one hour of admission after out-of-hospital or ED cardiac arrest were enrolled at two urban academic medical centers in the United States from July 2007–April 2014. Results During the study period, 26 patients were included. Average age was 40 ± 15 years, 54% were male, and 42% were white. Initial cardiac rhythms were ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 42%. The average time from initial cardiac arrest to initiation of ECLS was 77 ± 51 min (range 12–180 min). ECLS cannulation was unsuccessful in two patients. Eighteen (69%) had complications related to ECLS, most commonly bleeding and ischemic events. Four patients (15%) survived to discharge, three of whom were neurologically intact at 6 months. Conclusion ECLS shows promise as a rescue strategy for refractory out-of-hospital or ED cardiac arrest but is not without challenges. Further investigations are necessary to refine the technique, patient selection, and ancillary therapeutics.
Processing of fine-scale piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for transducer applications

Abstract In the past decade, piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites have been used in transducers for a variety of applications. These applications include hydrophones, biomedical imaging, non-destructive testing, and air imaging. Recently, much attention has been give to fine-scale composites. Composites allow higher operating frequencies, and thus increased transducer resolution. In this review, several methods for processing fine-scale piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites are discussed.
Monokine‐like activities released from a chicken macrophage line

Abstract HD11 macrophages were stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus and supernatants were found to have lymphocyte activation factor (LAF), cartilage resorption (CR) lipoprotein lipase inhibition (LPLI), skeletal muscle catabolic (SMC) and cytotoxicity (CTX) activities. Fractionation of crude supernatants by DEAE ion exchange chromatography resulted in 4 peaks of LAF activity, two of which also contained substantial CR activity. Two additional peaks were resolved that had CR activity but little LAF activity. The high pI peak of LAF and CR activity also possessed LPLI, SMC and CTX activity. Further purification of the high pI peak from DEAE by molecular sizing chromatography resulted in a single peak of LAF activity which also contained CTX and LPLI activity. This study indicates that chicken macrophages release monokines similar in activity to mammalian interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor and/or interleukin 6.
Mercury's rotation axis and period

Recent measurements made from high-resolution Mariner 10 photography of the planet Mercury yield a rotation period of 58.6461 + or 0.005 days, in excellent agreement with the period required for a precise 2/3 resonance with its orbital period (58.6462 days). The axis of rotation of the planet was calculated to be offset about 2 deg from the perpendicular to its orbital plane within a 50% probability error ellipse of + or - 2.6 deg by + or - 6.5 deg. Dynamical considerations make it most likely that the true displacement from the orbit normal is less than 1 deg.
Sequential lineup advantage: contributions of distinctiveness and recollection

One procedural safeguard that may improve the reliability of eyewitness identification is a sequential lineup. A sequential lineup (view lineup members one at a time) is thought to be superior to a simultaneous lineup (view all lineup members at the same time) because the sequential lineup appears to make it less likely that a witness will choose someone from a lineup when the police have an innocent suspect. A framework developed from Estes' (1997) perturbation model was applied to the data from Gronlund (2004). According to the proposed framework, the sequential lineup advantage results only if distinctive information is encoded and recollection is used to access that information. Implications of this framework for lineup decision processes are discussed. An understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the sequential lineup advantage can strengthen arguments involving adoption of this procedural safeguard and improve its administration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergy between rapamycin and FLT3 ligand enhances plasmacytoid dendritic cell-dependent induction of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg.

CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical elements for maintaining immune tolerance, for instance to exogenous antigens that are introduced during therapeutic interventions such as cell/organ transplant or gene/protein replacement therapy. Coadministration of antigen with rapamycin simultaneously promotes deletion of conventional CD4+ T cells and induction of Treg. Here, we report that the cytokine FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase ligand (Flt3L) enhances the in vivo effect of rapamycin. This occurs via selective expansion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which further augments the number of Treg. Whereas in conventional DCs, rapamycin effectively blocks mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 1 signaling induced by Flt3L, increased mTOR1 activity renders pDCs more resistant to inhibition by rapamycin. Consequently, Flt3L and rapamycin synergistically promote induction of antigen-specific Treg via selective expansion of pDCs. This concept is supported by the finding that Treg induction is abrogated upon pDC depletion. The combination with pDCs and rapamycin is requisite for Flt3L/antigen-induced Treg induction because Flt3L/antigen by itself fails to induce Treg. As coadministering Flt3L, rapamycin, and antigen blocked CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses in models of gene and protein therapy, we conclude that the differential effect of rapamycin on DC subsets can be exploited for improved tolerance induction.
How Socially Integrated into Mainstream America are Young American Jews

The degree to which Jews are or are not integrated into non-Jewish societies, and the consequences of this integration or the lack thereof, has been debated at least since the emancipation of Jews in the 18th century. As a contribution to this discussion, the present paper examines the social integration of young adult Jews into American society. Findings are based on social network analysis of data collected in the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies at Brandeis University 2010 Jewish Futures Study as well as comparative data from other sources. First, ego network data are compared to a more conventional survey question about Jewish friends, revealing substantive differences in interpretation and distribution. Second, homophily index scores for young adults Jews are compared to those for young adults of other religions and are found to be similar. Third, the settings in which young adult Jews meet Jewish and non-Jewish friends and spouses are examined. The study finds that non-Jewish settings predominate in the lives of young adults, particularly as they grow older and separate from their Jewish family of origin. Non-Jewish spouses are more commonly met in college, graduate school, or the workplace, while Jewish spouses more commonly meet in childhood or through friends and family. The authors conclude that the creation of forums for meeting other young adult Jews should be a high priority on the Jewish communal agenda.
Marital status independently predicts testis cancer survival--an analysis of the SEER database.

Abstract Objectives Previous reports have shown that married men with malignancies have improved 10-year survival over unmarried men. We sought to investigate the effect of marital status on 10-year survival in a U.S. population-based cohort of men with testis cancer. Materials and methods We examined 30,789 cases of testis cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 17) database between 1973 and 2005. All staging were converted to the 1997 AJCC TNM system. Patients less than 18 years of age at time of diagnosis were excluded. A subgroup analysis of patients with stages I or II non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) was performed. Univariate analysis using t-tests and χ2 tests compared characteristics of patients separated by marital status. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazard model to generate Kaplan-Meier survival curves, with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality as the primary endpoints. Results 20,245 cases met the inclusion criteria. Married men were more likely to be older (38.9 vs. 31.4 years), Caucasian (94.4% vs. 92.1%), stage I (73.1% vs. 61.4%), and have seminoma as the tumor histology (57.3% vs. 43.4%). On multivariate analysis, married status (HR 0.58, P Conclusions Marital status is an independent predictor of improved overall and cancer-specific survival in men with testis cancer. In men with stages I or II NSGCT, RPLND is an additional predictor of improved overall survival. Marital status does not appear to influence whether men undergo RPLND.