cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approach to maturity assessing of community-based local development network sytem’s

У статті розглянуто питання, що пов’язані із визначенням особливостей оцінювання мережевих систем місцевого розвитку, орієнтованого на громаду, які ще не знайшли достатнього опрацювання у фахових виданнях із державного управління в Україні. На підґрунті вивчення сучасних підходів до оцінювання організаційної зрілості (технологічної, проектної, процесної, організаційної) дістав подальшого розвитку підхід щодо визначення рівнів зрілості організаційних систем у сфері публічного управління. Це дозволяє робити оцінювання відповідності систем управління міжнародним нормам, стандартам та усталеним практикам на основі призмової моделі зрілості мережевої системи місцевого розвитку, орієнтованого на громаду, із застосуванням матриць зрілості за трьома вимірами, які забезпечують успішність діяльності у сфері забезпечення місцевого розвитку, орієнтованого на громаду (зрілість у сфері місцевого розвитку, орієнтованого на громаду; проектна зрілість; зрілість мережевої взаємодії) та з використанням чотирирівневої якісної шкали «знати» – «розуміти» – «використовувати» – «розвивати». Визначено необхідність подальшої розробки комплексу показників зрілості мережевої системи місцевого розвитку, орієнтованого на громаду, й формування відповідних матриць із описом характерних особливостей кожного рівня та переходів на наступний рівень зрілості.
Role of Oxytocin in Countering Addiction-Associated Behaviors Exacerbated by Stress

Abstract Systemic administration of oxytocin (OXT) has been linked to suppression of drug and alcohol-taking and seeking in animal studies. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, one strong hypothesis is that OXT suppresses addictive drug actions through its anxiolytic effects in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the extant literature on the effects of OXT on drug and alcohol-taking and -seeking in animal and human studies with or without preexposure to stress. Issues that are addressed include the site(s) and mechanism(s) of action of OXT in the CNS that are common to OXT-induced protection from addiction and endogenous resilience to stress.
Why does N-limitation persist in the world's marine waters?

Abstract Primary production of vast regions of the world's estuarine, coastal and pelagic ocean waters is limited by availability of fixed nitrogen; this despite the fact that a highly diverse suite of microorganisms potentially capable of fixing N 2 (eubacteria and cyanobacteria), inhabit these waters. Theoretically, diazotrophs should supply the N needs to balance the N required to support primary production, assuming other key limiting nutrients, phosphorus and iron, are available and energy requirements are met. In practice however, N 2 fixation often does not meet ecosystem-scale N demands, even when these nutrients are replete. The problem lies with the fact that optimal rates of N2 fixation are often controlled by additional environmental factors, including light and organic matter availability, turbulence, and high levels of dissolved oxygen which can suppress this process in N-deplete surface waters. In addition, rates of N loss via denitrification and anammox can exceed N2 fixation and external N inputs on annual scales in coastal and pelagic waters, including those experiencing eutrophication. This creates a situation where chronic N limitation persists, even in the presence of anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment. Many aquatic ecosystems exhibit a perpetual “hunger” for fixed N to support primary and higher levels of production and this is likely to continue over forseeable biological and geologic timescales.
Mars 2020 sample cleanliness molecular transport model

“NASA’s Mars 2020 mission … rover is being designed to seek signs of past life on Mars, collect and store a set of soil and rock samples that could be returned to Earth in the future.”1 The Mars 2020 Project has a top-level requirement that soil and rock samples contain less than 10 ppb Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of terrestrial origin 2. The approach taken to meet this requirement is to identify and model for each Mars 2020 mission phase the TOC sources, model TOC transport from sources to sample contacting surfaces, and combine them into an end-to-end model that calculates the TOC in each sample during the mission. The calculations show that Mars 2020 can achieve the TOC sample cleanliness requirement because the project has adopted specific TOC mitigations strategies.
ARC3 Activation by PARC6 Promotes FtsZ-Ring Remodeling at the Chloroplast Division Site

Chloroplast division is initiated by assembly of the stromal Z ring, composed of cytoskeletal Filamenting temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) proteins. Midplastid Z-ring positioning is governed by the chloroplast Min (Minicell) system, which inhibits Z-ring assembly everywhere except the division site. The central Min-system player is the FtsZ-assembly inhibitor ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS3 (ARC3). Here, we report Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplasts contain two pools of ARC3: one distributed throughout the stroma, which presumably fully inhibits Z-ring assembly at nondivision sites, and the other localized to a midplastid ring-like structure. We show that ARC3 is recruited to the middle of the plastid by the inner envelope membrane protein PARALOG OF ARC6 (PARC6). ARC3 bears a C-terminal Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus (MORN) domain; previous yeast two-hybrid experiments with full-length and MORN-truncated ARC3 showed the MORN domain mediates ARC3-PARC6 interaction but prevents ARC3-FtsZ interaction. Using yeast three-hybrid experiments, we demonstrate that the MORN-dependent ARC3-PARC6 interaction enables full-length ARC3 to bind FtsZ. The resulting PARC6/ARC3/FtsZ complex enhances the dynamics of Z rings reconstituted in a heterologous system. Our findings lead to a model whereby activation of midplastid-localized ARC3 by PARC6 facilitates Z-ring remodeling during chloroplast division by promoting Z-ring dynamics and reveal a novel function for MORN domains in regulating protein-protein interactions.
A Case of Black Esophagus.

Acute esophageal necrosis, commonly known as black esophagus, is a serious clinical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and management to improve morbidity and mortality. We present a 47-year-old woman who had this potentially lethal condition. The patient initially presented with hematemesis, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy at presentation showed diffuse esophageal ulcerations, erosions, and necrosis. During her admission, she required multiple blood transfusions for active bleeding, after which her clinical condition stabilized. Repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed near-complete resolution of the earlier findings.
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Platelets Are Prognostic in Surgical pT1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background There is a paucity of prognostic factors for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing operations. We investigated the prognostic role of preoperative complete blood count values in patients with stage I NSCLC patients undergoing operations. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed of patients who underwent operations for stage I NSCLC between 2000 and 2015. Patients who died within 30 days of the operations were excluded. The primary end point was recurrence. Preoperative complete blood count values were analyzed, and a median value was used as the cutoff. Statistical analysis used χ2 and t tests along with univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression modeling. Results The study included 103 patients. A high lymphocyte count was significantly associated with recurrence (5-year recurrence-free survival [RFS] of 69.8% for high vs 95.7% for low, P = .003), as well as high platelet (5-year RFS of 72.0% for high vs 91.8% for low, P = .02). Independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis were high lymphocyte (hazard ratio [HR], 7.27; P = .005) and platelet counts (HR, 7.49; P = .003) as well as tumor (HR, 5.40; P = .008) and treatment characteristics (HR, 4.59; P = .01). Among patients with pT1 lesions, high lymphocyte (HR, 8.41; P = .03) and high platelet counts (HR, 19.78; P = .004) remained independent prognostic factors. Neither NLR nor PLR were significantly associated with recurrence. Conclusions In patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical resection, the preoperative blood count from peripheral blood may provide prognostic value. Of significance, in patients with pT1 N0 NSCLC, high lymphocyte count and high platelet count were associated with higher recurrence.
Seismic and geodetic progression of the 2018 summit caldera collapse of Kīlauea Volcano

Abstract The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, resulted in a major collapse of the summit caldera along with an effusive eruption in the lower East Rift Zone. The caldera collapse comprised 62 highly similar collapse cycles of strong ground deformation and earthquake swarms that ended with a magnitude 5 collapse event and one partial cycle that did not end with a collapse event. We analyzed geodetic and seismic data to better understand how the caldera collapse progressed over 3 months of activity, focusing on the cyclical activity. We identified 3 main phases of collapse: initial ring-fault activation and small explosions (Phase 1), an eastward shift in activity and freeing of the central piston (Phase 2), and a recoupling of the piston to the reservoir followed by relatively steady behavior until the eruption's end (Phase 3). Additionally, we observed geodetic evidence of tangential motion from the localization of the main ring fault (Phase 2) and the formation of a major peripheral ring fault on the eastern side of the collapse caldera during Phase 3. Both geodetic and seismic parameters suggest that the collapse may have had an eastward-component of motion after the ring fault system had formed. The cyclical seismic and geodetic parameters show no obvious signs that the collapse was coming to an end, with the only notable change being a significant increase in the ratio of cyclical displacement to co-collapse displacement observed during the last complete cycle on GNSS stations outside the caldera region.
Synthesis and molecular structure of model silica-supported tungsten oxide catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM)

The molecular and electronic structures and chemical properties of the active sites on the surface of supported Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts used for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) are poorly understood. Model SiO2-supported, Na-promoted tungsten oxide catalysts (Na–WOx/SiO2) were systematically prepared using various Na- and W-precursors using carefully controlled Na/W molar ratios and examined with in situ Raman, UV-vis DR, CO2-TPD-DRIFT and NH3-TPD-DRIFT spectroscopies. The traditionally-prepared catalysts corresponding to 5% Na2WO4 nominal loading, with Na/W molar ratio of 2, were synthesized from the aqueous Na2WO4·2H2O precursor. After calcination at 800 °C, the initially amorphous SiO2 support crystallized to the cristobalite phase and the supported sodium tungstate phase consisted of both crystalline Na2WO4 nanoparticles (Na/W = 2) and dispersed phase Na–WO4 surface sites (Na/W < 2). On the other hand, the catalysts prepared via a modified impregnation method using individual precursors of NaOH + AMT, such that the Na/W molar ratio remained well below 2, resulted in: (i) SiO2 remaining amorphous (ii) only dispersed phase Na–WO4 surface sites. The dispersed Na–WO4 surface sites were isolated, more geometrically distorted, less basic in nature, and more reducible than the crystalline Na2WO4 nanoparticles. The CH4 + O2-TPSR results reveal that the isolated, dispersed phase Na–WO4surface sites were significantly more C2selective, but slightly less active than the traditionally-prepared catalysts that contain crystalline Na2WO4 nanoparticles (Na/W = 2). These findings demonstrate that the isolated, dispersed phase Na–WO4 sites on the SiO2 support surface are the selective-active sites for the OCM reaction.
Towards Lockfree Persistent Homology

Persistent homology, which describes the shape of data by quantifying the sizes of its topological features, is one of the most ubiquitous algorithms in topological data analysis. All existing algorithms that compute persistence in parallel rely on the algebraic structure of the problem to subdivide the computation, either by partitioning the range, or the domain of the underlying scalar measurement. Instead, we exploit the inherent parallelism of the reduction algorithm and rely on hardware synchronization primitives, namely compare-and-swap operations, to develop a lockfree shared-memory algorithm that avoids having to decide how to partition the underlying data set. We demonstrate the algorithm's performance and scaling using a set of computational experiments.
Fast Kalman filter using hierarchical matrices and a low-rank perturbative approach

We develop a fast algorithm for a Kalman filter applied to the random walk forecast model. The key idea is an efficient representation of the estimate covariance matrix at each time step as a weighted sum of two contributions?the process noise covariance matrix and a low-rank term computed from a generalized eigenvalue problem, which combines information from the noise covariance matrix and the data. We describe an efficient algorithm to update the weights of the preceding terms and the computation of eigenmodes of the generalized eigenvalue problem. The resulting algorithm for the Kalman filter with a random walk forecast model scales as in memory and in computational cost, where N is the number of grid points. We show how to efficiently compute measures of uncertainty and conditional realizations from the state distribution at each time step. An extension to the case with nonlinear measurement operators is also discussed. Numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of our algorithms, which are applied to a synthetic example from monitoring CO2 in the subsurface using travel-time tomography.
A Brief Introduction of Python to Freshman Engineering Students Using Multimedia Applications

This Research to Practice Full Paper presents the experience and evaluation of teaching python to freshman engineering students in an Introduction to Engineering course. Most students enrolled in this course are first-semester aerospace, chemical, electrical and mechanical engineering students, with one third (more than half in female students) have zero prior programming experience. A four-week module was developed to teach Python during four 50-minute lecture periods through multimedia applications. Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) survey, an instrument to measure four types of motivation (intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation and amotivation) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), was administered weekly at the end of the Python lectures. An end-of-semester survey was also given to collect student feedback on the Python module. Survey results reveal that the module achieved the goal of introducing Python programming to freshman engineering students of all majors, with most students exhibiting positive motivational responses to the Python activities due to perceived value, enjoyment and potential future use. However, there were some experiencing less motivation due to a lack of knowledge on programming basics.
Practical Approaches to Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias

In this review, we provide a practical approach to the catheter ablation of idiopathic focal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) by summarizing the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics, mapping strategies, and ablation techniques for each of the major types of idiopathic VAs. We identify special considerations to be taken when treating specific forms of idiopathic VAs with catheter ablation that can increase success rates and reduce complications. Insights on ECG morphologies of VAs have led to novel criteria that can aid in accurate identification and localization of VA sites of origin. Advancements in mapping catheters and software as well as the use of intracardiac echocardiography have allowed for more precise mapping and ablation of arrhythmias arising from complex cardiac structures. Idiopathic VAs occurring in patients without overt structural heart disease can be categorized into four groups on the basis of anatomic location: (1) outflow tract VAs (which include the right ventricular outflow tract, left ventricular outflow tract, and left ventricular summit; (2) fascicular VAs; (3) papillary muscle VAs; and (4) annular VAs. Knowledge of the ECG characteristics of idiopathic VAs and the three-dimensional anatomy surrounding their sites of origin can guide pre-procedure planning, prioritization of cardiac regions for mapping, and approach for ablation.
Medical Surge: Lessons for a Pandemic from Mass-Casualty Management

Three steps that hospitals can take today to prepare for COVID-19 or any similar pandemic are (i) limit predictable variability by cancelling or smoothing elective surgeries in advance of an epidemic’s impact rather than waiting until inpatient units are overwhelmed, (ii) centralize staffing, resource-planning, and allocation decisions, while employing healthcare coalitions to quantify and locate scarce resources like ICU beds and ventilators, and (iii) prepare a plan for triage guided by the principle “do the greatest good for the greatest number”.
The LEGOTM Exercise: An Assessment of Core Competencies in Urology Residency Interviews.

BACKGROUND In competitive residency specialties such as Urology, it has become increasingly challenging to differentiate similarly qualified applicants. Residency interviews are utilized to rank applicants, yet they are often biased and do not explicitly address ACGME core competencies. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized a team-based exercise in the urology residency interview centered on building LEGOs assesses core competences. DESIGN From 2014-2017, students interviewing for urology residency at two institutions participated in a LEGO™ building activity. Applicants were assigned to “architect”— describing how to construct a structure — or “builder” — constructing the same structure with pieces—using only verbal cues to assemble the structure. Participants were graded using a rubric assessing competencies of interpersonal communication, problem-based learning, professionalism, and manual dexterity (indicator of procedural skill). The total minimum score was 16 and maximum was 80. SETTING The study took place at two tertiary referral centers: University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor, MI, and University of Utah School of Medicine in Salt Lake City, UT. PARTICIPANTS A total of 176 applicants participated, comprised of applicants interviewing for urology residency at two institutions during the study timeframe. RESULTS For architects and builders, there was a maximum score of 80, and minimum of 34 and 32, respectively. Both distributions show a right shift with mean scores of 64.3 and 65.9, and median scores of 69 and 65.5. Successful pairs excelled with consistent nomenclature and clear directionality. Ineffective pairs miscommunicated with false affirmations, inconsistent nomenclature, and lack of patience. CONCLUSIONS The LEGO™ exercise allowed for standardized assessment of applicants based on ACGME core competencies. The rubric identified poor performers who do not rise to the challenge of a team-based task.
An NFC Based Student Attendance Tracking/Monitoring System Using an IoT Approach

Student attendance shapes many aspects of a university; however, it’s still widely recorded by hand. While it is common for a professor to pass around a sign-in sheet to enter in attendance to a web-based application later manually, this makes for an unreliable method, leaving many inconsistencies. With today’s advances in technology, an automated attendance recording, tracking, and monitoring system will greatly improve the efficiency and reliability of attendance tracking. Several other works have proposed solutions using near field communication and IoT technologies; however, many use a single point at the start of a lecture to record attendance. This is likely to cause bottlenecks and take away time from the course. We implemented a system that incorporates NFC, cloud-based services, and a web interface for end-users. Our design introduces a one-to-one method using a student ID with an RFID tag to RFID reader located at each desk.
Transient Hyperglycemia and Aketotic Hyperosmolar Acidosis with Heat Stroke

Five children are described with aketotic, hyperosmolar, and non-diabetic hyperglycemia. Four of the children were suffering from heat stroke, the etiology was undetermined in the fifth. The cases of heat stroke were managed by reduction of the elevated temperature and fluid replacement. No insulin was used and the elevated blood sugars returned promptly to normal. A possible mechanism is discussed.
Students' Perceptions of Single-Gender Science and Mathematics Classroom Experiences.

While participating in single- and mixed-gender science and mathematics classes, ninth-grade urban high school students' (n= 118) academic self-concept, self-efficacy, and school climate perceptions were examined. Their perceptions were measured quantitatively from the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics (modified for Science) Attitude and the Patterns of Adaptive Learning scales. Five factors arose from each instrument: confidence/efficacy, utility, instruction, climate, and anxiety/performance avoidance. Comparative factor analysis of the science-modified Fennema-Sherman Scale showed similar constructs within the mathematics scale. Our findings are congruent with reports concerning single-gender classrooms that find few significant differences in students' attitudes toward science and mathematics, or classroom climate, with regard to single-gender classes. Lastly, our results supported three structural equation models for the hypothesized factors from each instrument.
Origin of Life

The origin of life is a large and active field of research, and one chapter in this book can hardly do it justice. Yet, if we are to make reasonable inferences about the probability of life on other worlds, we must be able to gauge the possibility that living systems could have arisen (or arrived) there in the first place. And that, in turn, depends on our understanding of what the possibilities are for the origin of life anywhere. In an effort to rescue those possibilities from the realm of total speculation, we consider first what we know or infer about the origin of life on Earth, hoping that this singular example can provide some insights into and boundaries upon our thinking about the generic origins of life, wherever they have occurred. Then we use our limited understanding of what may have happened at the dawn of life on Earth, in combination with our definition of life given in Chap. 2, to focus on inferences with regard to the first cellular membranes, the first metabolisms, and the first replication mechanisms. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these insights for the predictability of life elsewhere in the Universe.
Maize-Based Biofuels: Legal and Regulatory Issues in the US

Legal and regulatory frameworks play an increasingly important role in the successful deployment of maize-based biofuels and biotechnology innovations. Through legal and regulatory regimes, the federal government incentivizes biofuel-related research and development, mandates the commercialization of biofuels, controls the lawful commercialization of biofuels, and provides a means to protect intellectual property associated with biofuels and their feedstocks. In this Chapter, we take a thorough look at the main legal and regulatory frameworks affecting the commercialization of maize-based biofuels and biotechnology innovation. First, we address the role of the federal Clean Air Act in not only governing the lawful commercialization of biofuels, but also in controlling their lawful blending limits. Second, we discuss federal biofuel-related mandates, incentives, and grants, with a primary focus on the federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2). Finally, we will address the options for the legal protection of intellectual property rights associated with maize-based biotechnology innovations. Throughout the Chapter, we focus on three main categories of maize-based biofuels: (1) ethanol derived from cornstarch; (2) butanol derived from cornstarch (“biobutanol”); and (3) biofuels (whether ethanol or butanol) derived from the cellulosic components of the maize plant.
Heparinase treatment of RNA before quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Vol. 35, No. 6 (2003) BioTechniques 1141 the ABI PRISM® 7000 and the TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix protocols (Applied Biosystems). After discovering that the RNA from the thecal cells had vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) amplification and that RNA from granulosa cells had no VEGF amplification, the 18S rRNA amplification (TaqMan Pre-Developed Assay Reagents; Applied Biosystems), which is used as a positive control for eukaryotic gene expression and to normalize RNA concentrations, was performed on the granulosa samples to see if there was a problem with the RT reaction. The assay revealed that inhibition of the PCRs for the 18S rRNA assay was also present in granulosa cell RNA. An attempt to remove the unknown inhibitor(s) from the RNA using an RNA column purification clean-up procedure from Zymo Research (Orange, CA, USA) was unsuccessful. Progressive dilutions of the RT of a thecal sample that amplified well during PCR with an RT from a sample of granulosa cell RNA that was PCRinhibited resulted in the progressive inhibition of amplification of the thecal sample (Figure 2). To identify heparin as the inhibitor present in the RNA, heparin and/or polyacrylamide carrier Heparinase treatment of RNA before quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Sustained release of human growth hormone from PLGA solution depots.

Purpose. The effects of altering the dynamics of phase inversion of a polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) solution depot on the sustained-release delivery profile of human growth hormone (hGH) were evaluated. The impact of adjusting the protein particle composition was also studied in a slow phase-inverting formulation.
ANTI-BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AND ANTI-ALPHA LACTALBUMIN IN THE SERUM OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS.

1. Because precipitin, hemagglutination, and complement-fixation tests measure secondary manifestations of antigen-antibody interactions and are sometimes negative even after a primary antigen-antibody reaction has occurred in vitro, the incidence and amount of anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated in the sera from 900 children and adults by means of precipitating I131-labeled BSA-antibody complexes with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. A similar study using I131-labeled alpha lactalbumin (ALA) was performed on 718 of this same group of sera. 2. Antibody to BSA was detected more frequently among children (75%) than among young adults 16 to 40 years of age (25%), or among older age groups (8%). 3. The incidence of detectable antibody to ALA had the same age distribution, but only half the frequency as anti-BSA. 4. In contrast to the near absence of antibody in the cord serum as measured by hemagglutination titers using red cells coated with milk proteins, most of the antibody detected in maternal sera in the present study was able to cross the placental barrier and was present in the cord sera. 5. The incidence of both anti-BSA or anti-ALA was the same in males and females. 6. If a given sera bound both IBSA and IALA, the anti-BSA activity was usually, but not always, greater than the anti-ALA activity. 7. No shared antigenicity was detected between IBSA and ovalbumin, insulin, protamine, diptheria, and tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, and influenza vaccine. The apparent inhibiting effects of unlabeled bovine gamma-globulin and ALA on IBSA binding were probably due to trace amounts of BSA in these protein preparations. 8. BSA, ovalbumin, and bovine gamma-globulin had no detectable shared anti-genicity with IALA. 9. Positive skin tests to milk or BSA did not correlate with the anti-BSA levels measured in the serum. 10. The incidence of persons with anti-BSA and anti-ALA was comparable among the "patient" and "well" populations. Ten of the 31 sera with the greatest capacity to bind IBSA were from the "well" population, the remaining 21 sera were from children with a variety of disease states.
Lapdesk Goes Global - Africa First

Shane Immelman, founding CEO of the Lapdesk Company of South Africa, is facing a number of challenges in taking Lapdesk from South Africa and into the rest of the African continent. How should the African strategy be different from that of South Africa? What is the appropriate structure?
Sibling Sexual Experiences: Normal Exploratory Behavior, Nonabusive Incest, and Abusive Incest

Normal sexual curiosity, exploration, and experimentation among siblings in childhood and adolescence can be distinguished from sexual exploitation or sexually abusive behavior, although both types of behavior may be displayed by the same sibling pair. Sexual behavior which can be termed incestuous may occur among various family members (e.g., father and daughter, cousins, siblings) and, depending on the circumstances, may be considered to be nonabusive or abusive. Distinguishing normal sexual exploratory behavior from sexually abusive behavior is difficult in itself, but the difficulty is compounded by attempting to distinguish between nonabusive and abusive incest. What is considered to be normal, what is considered incestuous, what is considered abusive or nonabusive depends in part upon the values and norms of the culture.
Twist-averaged boundary conditions for nuclear pasta Hartree-Fock calculations

Nuclear pasta phases, present in the inner crust of neutron stars, are associated with nucleonic matter at subsaturation densities arranged in regular shapes. Those complex phases, residing in a layer which is approximately 100-m thick, impact many features of neutron stars. Theoretical quantum-mechanical simulations of nuclear pasta are usually carried out in finite three-dimensional boxes assuming periodic boundary conditions. The resulting solutions are affected by spurious finite-size effects. To remove spurious finite-size effects, it is convenient to employ twist-averaged boundary conditions (TABC) used in condensed matter, nuclear matter, and lattice quantum chromodynamics applications. In this work, we study the effectiveness of TABC in the context of pasta phase simulations within nuclear density functional theory. We demonstrated that by applying TABC reliable results can be obtained from calculations performed in relatively small volumes. By studying various contributions to the total energy, we gain insights into pasta phases in mid-density range. Future applications will include the TABC extension of the adaptive multiresolution 3D Hartree-Fock solver and Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov TABC applications to superfluid pasta phases and complex nucleonic topologies as in fission.
Four-Dimensional Processing And Display System For Cardiovascular Data

This is a design paper describing a 4 dimensional processing and display system for cardiovascular research. A 4 dimensional image in this paper refers to a time (or other) series of 3 dimensional images. The system consists of components to develop, test and run programs and to manipulate and store multidimensional digital images. A 4 dimensional display is used to study raw and processed data. The display uses binocular stereo to generate a 3 dimensional image and bulk memory to store multiple stereo pairs for the fourth dimension. Voice input and output will be used to communicate with the system. A binocular infrared eye tracker will be used as a multidimensional cursor to interact with the data. Software development areas are summarized. The current state of the project is presented at the end of the paper. An up to date summary of progress will be presented at the conference.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Patterns of phoneme perception errors by listeners with cochlear implants as a function of overall speech perception ability

Many studies have noted great variability in speech perception ability among postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants. This study examined phoneme misperceptions for 30 cochlear implant listeners using either the Nucleus-22 or Clarion version 1.2 device to examine whether listeners with better overall speech perception differed qualitatively from poorer listeners in their perception of vowel and consonant features. In the first analysis, simple regressions were used to predict the mean percent-correct scores for consonants and vowels for the better group of listeners from those of the poorer group. A strong relationship between the two groups was found for consonant identification, and a weak, nonsignificant relationship was found for vowel identification. In the second analysis, it was found that less information was transmitted for consonant and vowel features to the poorer listeners than to the better listeners; however, the pattern of information transmission was similar across groups. Taken together, results suggest that the performance difference between the two groups is primarily quantitative. The results underscore the importance of examining individuals' perception of individual phoneme features when attempting to relate speech perception to other predictor variables.
Arsenic(V) Reduction in Relation to Iron(III) Transformation and Molecular Characterization of the Structural and Functional Microbial Community in Sediments of a Basin-Fill Aquifer in Northern Utah

Basin-fill aquifers of the Southwestern United States are associated with elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) in groundwater. Many private domestic wells in the Cache Valley Basin, UT, have As concentrations in excess of the U.S. EPA drinking water limit. Thirteen sediment cores were collected from the center of the valley at the depth of the shallow groundwater and were sectioned into layers based on redoxmorphic features. Three of the layers, two from redox transition zones and one from a depletion zone, were used to establish microcosms. Microcosms were treated with groundwater (GW) or groundwater plus glucose (GW+G) to investigate the extent of As reduction in relation to iron (Fe) transformation and characterize the microbial community structure and function by sequencing 16S rRNA and arsenate dissimilatory reductase (arrA) genes. Under the carbon-limited conditions of the GW treatment, As reduction was independent of Fe reduction, despite the abundance of sequences related to Geobacter and Shewanella, genera that include a variety of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. The addition of glucose, an electron donor and carbon source, caused substantial shifts toward domination of the bacterial community by Clostridium-related organisms, and As reduction was correlated with Fe reduction for the sediments from the redox transition zone. The arrA gene sequencing from microcosms at day 54 of incubation showed the presence of 14 unique phylotypes, none of which were related to any previously described arrA gene sequence, suggesting a unique community of dissimilatory arsenate-respiring bacteria in the Cache Valley Basin.
Drinking patterns among black and nonblack adolescents: results of a national survey.

The overall objective of this study was to identify factors that relate to the use of alcohol among black and nonblack students and that might serve to explain the lower prevalence of drinking among black students. Black students were shown to differ from nonblack students with respect to both demographic variables associated with social class and variables associated with exposure to and involvement with alcohol. Multivariate analyses, controlling for the effects of demographic status, yielded several predictors of the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Among the major predictors of alcohol use were exposure to friends as drinking models, attitudes emphasizing the importance of social effects of alcohol, ease of access to alcohol, and behavior patterns of social transgressions and illicit drug use. While degree of religiosity and attainment of good school grades were inversely related to frequent and heavier use of alcohol among nonblack students, they were not related to patterns of alcohol use by black students. For the most part, however, there were more similarities than differences in the predictors of alcohol use among black and nonblack students. These findings suggest that environmental factors associated with the use of alcohol are similar for black and nonblack students. While the overall use of alcohol is lower among black students, the onset of drinking is grade-related but later in onset relative to nonblack drinkers. Despite the fact that the same predictors of drinking are common to both black and nonblack students, there is need to identify the environmental factors that delay exposure to a more extensive network of peer drinking models and access to alcohol. Comparisons between black and nonblack abstainers revealed that black abstainers reported lower proportions of school peers to be drinkers. This differential exposure to drinking models between black and nonblack abstainers may be implicated in the delay of onset of drinking among black students. A second factor that may be implicated in the delay of onset of drinking among black students related to differences in the perception of alcohol between blacks and nonblacks. Black abstainers, compared to nonblacks, viewed the personal effects of drinking as more important reasons for drinking. These reasons stress the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism to deal with personal stress and problems. Future studies need to address the status of these variables with regard to their implications in delaying the onset of drinking among black students. Language: en
Use of fast Fourier transform computational methods in electron scattering

Two methods are studied for elastic electron–atom and electron–molecule elastic scattering. The first is a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation suitable for continuum states; the second is a convergent modified Born series of the time-independent integral Schrodinger (Lippmann–Schwinger) equation. Both methods make use of fast Fourier transform (FFT) computational methods in order to bring the free-electron Green's function into diagonal form. A large advantage of this methodology is the ability to describe scattering from targets of any geometry and at any collision energy by using 3D FFTs to accomplish the labor of evaluating spatially complex collision kernels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Novel processing techniques for optoelectronic devices and their integration (Invited Paper)

Novel processing techniques currently being developed for the fabrication of optoelectronic deviceswill be described, including fabrication of low threshold lasers using in-situ-monitored reactive ionetching, the use of impurity-induced-disordering to form high-performance lasers with self-alignedSi/Zn-diffused junctions, and the fabrication of in-plane surface-emitting lasers with 45° etched facets.Application to the monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices will be discussed.
Ten Commandments for the Evaluation of Interactive MultiMedia in Higher Education.

A SET OF GUIDELINES for redirecting evaluation and research involving interactive multimedia (IMM) in higher education are presented in the form of “Ten Commandments.” Each commandment is “illuminated” with anecdotes and stories to illustrate its importance and application. In light of the complexity involved in human learning via IMM and the politics of higher education, the commandments stress descriptive approaches to research and evaluation, including “modeling” methods that integrate quantitative and qualitative data.
Electrochemical radioiodination of estradiol

An electrochemical iodination procedure was used to synthesize 2-iodoestradiol-125I and 4-iodoestradiol-125I. These agents were prepared in order to be studied as potential tumor-localizing radiopharmaceuticals that might differentiate estrogen-responsive from non-responsive breast tumors. The advantages of the electrochemical iodination procedures, as opposed to other chemical and enzymatic methods of iodination, are the higher percentage of incorporation of iodine, shorter reaction time, selective monoiodination, and a very limited amount of impurities as by-products of the reaction.
Floral Development in Legumes

Species of flowering plants are most reliably identified by their flowers, the sexually reproductive organs. A flower is similar to a vegetative short shoot (lacking appreciable internodes) that bears four kinds of laterally attached organs in successive whorls: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels
Role of nitric oxide/cyclic GMP in i.c.v. administered β-endorphin- and (+)-cis-dioxolane-induced antinociception in the mouse

(+)-cis-Dioxolane (0.5-2 micrograms), a muscarinic receptor agonist, given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the tail-flick response in male ICR mice. (+)-cis-Dioxolane given i.c.v. at a subanalgesic dose (0.25 micrograms), selectively potentiated the antinociceptive response induced by i.c.v. administered beta-endorphin, an epsilon-opioid receptor agonist, but not morphine or [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), mu-opioid receptor agonists, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), a delta receptor agonist, or trans(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]- benzeneacetamide methane sulfonate (U50,488H), a kappa-opioid receptor agonist. The antinociceptive response induced by (+)-cis-dioxolane given i.c.v. was attenuated by i.c.v. treatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine (1 microgram), hemoglobin (120 micrograms) or methylene blue (10 micrograms). The antinociception induced by carbachol given i.c.v. was also antagonized by the i.c.v. treatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine (1 microgram). However, the same treatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine, hemoglobin or methylene blue did not affect the beta-endorphin-induced antinociception. The potentiation of beta-endorphin-induced antinociception by (+)-cis-dioxolane was reversed by i.c.v. treatment with N omega-nitro-L-arginine (1 microgram), hemoglobin (120 micrograms) or methylene blue (10 micrograms). On the other hand, the antinociceptive response induced by (+)-cis-dioxolane (1 microgram) given i.c.v. was potentiated by i.c.v. administered L-arginine (20 micrograms) but not D-arginine (20 micrograms). Dibutyryl cyclic GMP at 0.5-2.0 micrograms given i.c.v. produced an antinociceptive response and at subanalgesic dose (0.1 microgram) potentiated i.c.v. beta-endorphin-induced antinociception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Returning Enlisted Veterans–Upward (to) Professional Nursing: Not All Innovative Ideas Succeed

Military licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) provide nursing care for the ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled persons. Those who have deployed both for humanitarian and wartime situations have a tremendous experiential base in stabilization of life-threatening frontline injuries and critical care intense facilities. An educational program was created called Returning Enlisted Veterans-Upward (to) Professional Nursing for retired/discharged U.S. Army LVNs to acknowledge their special military education and experiences. This educational model represented one step in the right direction to increase men and minorities in the professional nursing workforce, yet the program had to be dissolved. "Lessons learned" are presented so others might consider a similar project.
Theoretical results on the efficiency of Auger recombination in low dimensional PbSnTe structures

The Auger coefficients CAνD are calculated for PbSnTe bulk material (ν=3) and for Q1D (ν=1) and Q2D (ν=2) structures, respectively. Regarding the most effective two valley process, a variation of activation energy, multiplicity and of the effective density of states can strongly reduce the Auger effect in defined directories of the low dimensional structures. The modification of matrix elements within in envelope function approach is discussed.
Wavelet packet analysis of disease-altered recurrence dynamics in the long-term spatiotemporal vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals

Vectorcardiogram (VCG) signals contain a wealth of dynamic information pertinent to space-time cardiac electrical activities. However, few, if any, previous investigations have studied disease-altered nonlinear dynamics in the spatiotemporal VCG signals. Most previous nonlinear dynamic methods considered the time-delay reconstructed state space from a single ECG trace. This paper presents a novel multiscale recurrence approach to not only explore VCG recurrence dynamics but also resolve the issue of recurrence computation for the large-scale datasets. As opposed to the traditional single-scale recurrence analysis, we characterize and quantify the recurrence behaviours in multiple wavelet scales. In addition, wavelet dyadic subsampling enables the large-scale recurrence analysis, but it is used to be highly expensive for a long-term time series. The classification experiments show that multiscale recurrence analysis detects the myocardial infarctions from 3-lead VCG with an average sensitivity of 96.8% and specificity of 92.8%, which show superior performance (i.e., 5.6% improvements) to the single-scale recurrence analysis.
Murine hematopoietic stem cell distribution and proliferation in ablated and nonablated bone marrow transplantation.

The engraftment of donor bone marrow (BM) cells in nonablated mice is inefficient. Niche availability has been thought to be the reason, and cytoablation with irradiation or cytotoxic agents is routinely used with the belief that this frees the preoccupied niches in recipients. In this study, donor cell redistribution and proliferation in ablated and nonablated mice were compared by implanting donor cells directly into the femur cavity of sedated mice. The redistribution of Lin− donor cells into BM was similar between ablated and nonablated mice. Poor engraftment in nonablated mice was shown to be the result of inefficient donor cell proliferation rather than because of a lack of space. Competitive repopulation assays demonstrated that the donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were present in nonirradiated recipients for at least 6 months after transplantation, but that they did not expand as did their counterparts in lethally irradiated mice. This study suggests that efficient bone marrow transplantation in nonablated recipients may be possible as a result of better understanding of HSC proliferative regulation and appropriate in vitro manipulation.
BRAIN POWER, RESOURCES AND THE HUMAN ENDEAVOR

(1962). BRAIN POWER, RESOURCES AND THE HUMAN ENDEAVOR. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 4-7.
Double‐positive T cell receptorhigh thymocytes are resistant to peptide/major histocompatibility complex ligand‐induced negative selection

To investigate negative selection events during intrathymic ontogeny, we established T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice [N15tg/RAG-2-/- (H-2b)] expressing a single TCR specific for vesicular stomatitis virus nuclear octapeptide N52-59 (VSV8) in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, K(b). Administration of VSV8 in vivo induced apoptosis in less than 4 h, deleting the majority of immature double-positive (DP) thymocytes by 24 h. In contrast, DP TCRhigh as well as single-positive (SP) thymocytes were refractory to this death process. Moreover, DP TCRhigh cells differentiated into SP thymocytes in vitro and in vivo, maturing into functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes upon intrathymic transfer to beta RAG 2-/- recipients. Hence, negative selection processes involving MHC-bound peptide ligands are operative only prior to the late DP thymocyte stage in this MHC class I-restricted TCR transgene system.