cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The treatment of small acoustic tumors: Now or later?

Prior to the advent of microneurosurgery, the operative mortality for acoustic tumor removal was high and management often consisted of observation until sufficient symptoms warranted removal. The treatment of these tumors has evolved, and recent introduction of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows the diagnosis of very small intracanalicular acoustic tumors before hearing has been significantly affected. For such tumors, some surgeons advocate the premicrosurgical philosophy of observation rather than removal. Our results of small acoustic tumor removal with attempt at hearing preservation were reviewed. From 1961 to June 1989, 39 acoustic tumors 0.5 cm or less were removed by the middle fossa approach. Measurable hearing was preserved in 67%, and facial function 1 year postoperatively was normal or nearly normal in 97%. There was no other permanent operative morbidity. Given our results, early surgical removal of small acoustic tumors is advocated.
MR imaging in nonneoplastic muscle disorders of the lower extremity

The exquisite tissue contrast and multiplanar capability of MRI make it the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing muscle injuries and other muscle disorders. These examinations can be performed with increasing speed because of improvements in gradient strength and software and coil design. Presently, some of the limitations of MRI of muscle relate to the lack of specificity of the findings. The advent of functional muscle MR[ will increase the understanding of human muscle diseases, and increasingly place MRI in a central role for diagnosis and follow-up analysis.
Magnetic granular Fe-(SiO2) solids

We have synthesized a series of granular Fe‐SiO2 solids consisting of Fe metal granules of nanometer sizes embedded in an insulating SiO2 matrix. The ultrafine microstructures, revealed by TEM, are achieved by using a high‐rate magnetron sputtering system. The magnetic properties of such solids are determined by the granular size and the metal volume fraction. Below the percolation threshold, isolated single‐domain particles having large magnetic coercivity in the blocked state exhibit superparamagnetic relaxation, which has been studied by using SQUID magnetometry and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Above the percolation threshold, magnetic coercivity drops dramatically and the magnetic properties approach that of pure Fe. The anisotropy energy of the magnetic granules, much larger than that due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy, has been determined.
Comparison of sampling methods for time and frequency domain signals in Monte Carlo simulations of light migration in turbid material

ABSTRACT We compare two methods to evaluate the time dependence in Monte Carlo simulations of photon migration: sampling of thepulse response in time and evaluation of the transfer function at discrete points in the frequency domain. We show that these two methods differ in accuracy due to quantization and sampling errors, while the statistical error is the same for both methods. From our analysis we also derive alternative techniques to sample the time-domain pulse response with reducedquantization and sampling error.Keywords: photon migration, Monte Carlo simulation, medical imaging, optical tomography. 1. INTRODUCTION A Monte Carlo simulation' is a very flexible numerical method, because it allows the calculation of any physical model whichcan be expressed in terms of probability distributions. Unlike other simulation methods Monte Carlo simulations are reliablein terms of numerical stability. This property becomes particularly important for the problem of photon migration in turbid
Correlation analysis of EEG changes induced by unilateral intracarotid injection of amobarbital

Abstract The relationship between EEG activity recorded from homologously located scalp electrodes before, during, and following unilateral intracarotid injection of amobarbital (Sodium Amytal) has been studied quantitatively by means of autocorrelation and crosscorrelation analysis of magnetic tape recordings made simultaneously with inked tracings. This procedure was carried out in conjunction with a test to determine lateralization of cerebral speech dominance in a patient with epilepsy. Analyses of pre-injection, as well as post-injection control recordings, disclosed a marked degree of similarity and synchrony of the EEG activity from the two sides. In the recordings immediately following injection of 75 mg and 200 mg, respectively, of the drug, slow waves appeared on the ipsilateral side. A slight increase in the average frequency and a decrease in the rhythmicity were suggestive of a slight tendency to “desynchronization” of the EEG at the recording points on the contralateral (non-injected) side. The existence of a similar, synchronous component on the injected side, amid the drug-induced slow activity, was indicated by crosscorrelation analysis. Although the ipsilateral slow wave effect of the drug was much more marked for the largerof the two doses of the drug, the bilateral “desynchronizing” effect was much the same in degree for both doses of the drug. Consideration of these findings relative to other data suggests that the neurophysiological basis for the bilateral presence of the slight “desynchronizing” effect is probably primarily subcortical rather than transcallosal.
Subzero water transport characteristics and optimal rates of freezing rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) ovarian tissue.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of two different suprazero (room temperature þ258 Ct oþ48C) cooling conditions on the measured water transport response of primate (Macaca mulatta) ovarian tissue in the presence and absence of cryoprotective agents (CPAs). Freshly collected Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ovarian tissue sections were cooled at either 0.58C/min or 408C/min from 25 to 48C. A shape independent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique was then used to measure the volumetric shrinkage during freezing of ovarian tissue sections at a freezing rate of 58C/min in the presence and absence of three different CPAs (0.85 M glycerol, 0.85 M dimethylsulfoxide, and 0.85 M ethylene glycol). Thus, water transport during freezing of primate ovarian tissue was obtained at eight different conditions (i.e., at four different freezing media with two different suprazero cooling conditions). The water transport response of ovarian tissue cooled rapidly from 25 to 48C was significantly different (P 0.96). These parameters suggest that the ''opti- mal rates of cryopreservation'' for ovarian tissue are significantly dependent upon suprazero cooling condi- tions and the choice of CPA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 73: 1600-1611, 2006. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Potentialities and applications of atomic-absorption flame photometry in criminology.

The potentialities of atomic-absorption flame photometry are briefly reviewed. Some applications to the field of criminalistics are discussed in which qualitative and quantitative determination of metallic elements are involved. The determination of metallic elements in urine is emphasized.
Post chemotherapy RPLND in patients with elevated markers: current concepts and clinical outcome.

Elevated serum tumor markers after cisplatin-based chemotherapy usually contraindicate surgery because of the presence of active germ-cell elements; however, some patients have undergone PCRPLND with curative intent. We evaluated the role of surgery to resect retroperitoneal-only marker positive tumor. Residual germ-cell cancer was identified in 50% of patients with elevated tumor markers with one third alive at 5 years; 5-year survival with residual teratoma or necrosis was 77.5% and 85.7%, respectively. Predictors of retroperitoneal teratoma or fibrosis included declining tumor makers at surgery, βHCG
Large lunar secondary craters - Size-range relationships

The relationship between primary crater diameter and mean maximum secondary crater diameter for lunar craters is essentially linear for primary diameters from 0.5 to 260 km. The mean range from the primary to the largest secondary craters is also nearly linearly related to primary diameter. Extrapolation of these results to lunar basin scale supports the contention that basin secondaries of large diameter are to be found across much of the moon.
Compact high efficiency free-electron lasers using multipass optical cavities

Abstract Compact and very effecient free-electron lasers may be realized by using novel, multipass optical cavities. These cavities may also be used externally to form very compact photon storage devices. We describe the essential characteristics of such cavities and establish critical design requirements for high efficiency FEL operation.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM WITH AN ATTITUDE: METHOD FOR COLLECTING ROADWAY GRADE AND SUPERELEVATION DATA

The use of a specialized Global Positioning System (GPS) to conduct high-speed surveys of roadway alignment, grade, and cross-slope characteristics is discussed. The system uses a single GPS receiver that has 24 channels monitoring four separate antennas (six channels each). The collection of attitude (heading, pitch, and roll) is made possible through the relative orientation of the antennas. By mounting the system on a road surveillance vehicle, accurate grades, superelevation, and crown measurements can be made without differentially correcting the GPS data. However, to gather precise positional data that correspond to the roadway measurements, differential correction with a GPS base station at a fixed known point is required. The design and use of this attitude GPS unit are addressed. Accuracy specifications for static testing are provided along with techniques to maximize this accuracy. Kinematic data collection is depicted for a local road and a freeway off-ramp. The use of digital terrain modeling technology provides a promising graphic database representation of the roadway characteristics.
A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming

Abstract Erosion in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera (640 ka), Wyoming, has exposed a cross section of older hydrothermal alteration in the canyon walls. The altered outcrops of the post-collapse tuff of Sulphur Creek (480 ka) extend from the canyon rim to more than 300 m beneath it. The hydrothermal minerals are zoned, with an advanced argillic alteration consisting of an association of quartz (opal) + kaolinite ± alunite ± dickite, and an argillic or potassic alteration association with quartz + illite ± adularia. Disseminated fine-grained pyrite or marcasite is ubiquitous in both alteration types. These alteration associations are characteristic products of shallow volcanic epithermal environments. The contact between the two alteration types is about 100 m beneath the rim. By analogy to other active geothermal systems including active hydrothermal springs in the Yellowstone Caldera, the transition from kaolinite to illite occurred at temperatures in the range 150 to 170 °C. An 40Ar/39Ar age on alunite of 154,000 ± 16,000 years suggests that hydrothermal activity has been ongoing since at least that time. A northwest-trending linear array of extinct and active hot spring centers in the Sevenmile Hole area implies a deeper structural control for the upflowing hydrothermal fluids. We interpret this deeper structure to be the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault that is covered by the younger tuff of Sulphur Creek. The Sevenmile Hole altered area lies at the eastern end of a band of hydrothermal centers that may mark the buried extension of the Yellowstone Caldera ring fault across the northern part of the Caldera.
Relative Short-Range Forecast Impact from Aircraft, Profiler, Radiosonde, VAD, GPS-PW, METAR, and Mesonet Observations via the RUC Hourly Assimilation Cycle

Abstract An assessment is presented on the relative forecast impact on the performance of a numerical weather prediction model from eight different observation data types: aircraft, profiler, radiosonde, velocity azimuth display (VAD), GPS-derived precipitable water, aviation routine weather report (METAR; surface), surface mesonet, and satellite-based atmospheric motion vectors. A series of observation sensitivity experiments was conducted using the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model/assimilation system in which various data sources were denied to assess the relative importance of the different data types for short-range (3–12 h) wind, temperature, and relative humidity forecasts at different vertical levels and near the surface. These experiments were conducted for two 10-day periods, one in November–December 2006 and one in August 2007. These experiments show positive short-range forecast impacts from most of the contributors to the heterogeneous observing system over the RUC domain. In particular, aircraf...
Bubble formation and gas leakage in fluidized beds

Abstract The Harrison and Leung model for spherical bubble formation in fluidized beds has been extended to account for the dynamics of the emulsion phase. The simplified Davidson-Harrison model is used to obtain the gas and particle velocities in the emulsion phase and includes the effect of the bubble pressure, the change in hydrostatic pressure, grid orifice discharge rate, and gas leakage into the emulsion phase. Computations for the constant flow rate case agree well with measured gas leakage for beds of large particles. For large grid orifices, a simplified model explains the low frequencies observed experimentally for small flow rates.
Long and Short Term Effects of Waterfowl on Collins Lake, an Urban Lake in Upstate New York

ABSTRACT The effect of bird density on water quality parameters of Collins Lake was examined at three time scales: yearly, seasonally, and weekly. There was no relationship between bird sightings and either coliform bacteria or Secchi disc transparency on a seasonal or long-term (19 year) period. There was also no increase in spring chlorophyll levels over the 19 year period, even though the annual total bird sightings increased almost three times over that period. However, chlorophyll levels did increase during the ice-free season as shown by an almost doubling of fall chlorophyll levels between 1978 and 1997. Increased bird density is considered the most probable cause for these elevated fall chlorophyll levels. The increase in summer resident birds appeared to have a greater effect on chlorophyll levels than migratory birds. There was no observable effect of bird density on chlorophyll levels on a weekly basis, but the large number of other variables changing in the lake during the study period may obs...
POWER PREPONDERANCE AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: EXPLAINING REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN, 1960-1997

This article addresses the domestic and international conditions that influence regional integration. The national political elite is assumed to be opportunistic and will opt for regional integration when the domestic and international conditions provide economic gains for their constituencies through greater economic integration. The hypotheses state that increases in regional integration in Latin America and the Caribbean (ANCOM, CACM/SICA, CARICOM, and MERCOSUR/MERCOSUL) occur during periods of relative power asymmetries among pairs of countries, when mutual trade interests are high, and when alliance portfolios are similar. We test the hypotheses using aggregate data of country dyads from 1960 to 1997. To measure regional integration, we use an index referred to as the Integration Achievement Score. OLS and Cox proportional hazards regression estimates largely support our claims.
Clinical significance of first trimester crown-rump length disparity in dichorionic twin gestations.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of first trimester crown-rump disparity in dichorionic twin gestations. Study design Ultrasound examinations of dichorionic twin pregnancies between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation were evaluated for growth discordance using crown-rump length. Medical records were reviewed for antenatal complications that included spontaneous abortion, fetal death, fetal structural or chromosomal anomalies, and preterm delivery. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis; a probability value of Results Of 159 twin pregnancies, there were 7 fetal structural anomalies, 2 fetal chromosomal anomalies, 5 second-trimester spontaneous abortions, 3 second-trimester fetal deaths, and 1 third-trimester fetal death. Pregnancies that were complicated by fetal structural or chromosomal anomalies had significantly greater median crown-rump length discordance than pregnancies without fetal anomalies (4.0 mm vs 2.0 mm; P = .02). Crown-rump length discordance >10%, which is the 90th percentile for intertwin crown-rump length disparity in our population, was associated with a significantly higher incidence of fetal anomalies (22.2% vs 2.8%; P = .01). Conclusion First trimester crown-rump length disparity in dichorionic twin gestations is associated with an increased risk of fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies.
A class of logarithmic integrals

A class of de nite integrals involving cyclotomic polynomials and nested logarithms is considered. The results are given in terms of derivatives of the Hurwitz Zeta function. Some special cases for which such derivatives can be expressed in closed form are also considered. The integration procedure is implemented in Mathematica V3.1.
An investigation of school playground safety practices as reported by school nurses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate school playground safety practices. The study used a purposeful sample of school nurses who attended a playground safety workshop at the 2006 National A...
Simultaneous LII and PIV measurements in the soot formation region of turbulent non-premixed jet flames

Abstract An experimental study was performed to investigate the soot–turbulence interaction in the soot-formation region of turbulent non-premixed co-flowing ethylene/N2 jet flames. Simultaneous velocity and soot volume-fraction (fv) fields were obtained using two-component particle image velocimetry and laser-induced incandescence, respectively. Measurements were made for jet exit Reynolds numbers between 8500 and 12,300, and the measurement location was 10 jet diameters downstream, near the beginning of the yellow luminous region where soot is first formed. In agreement with previous studies, the peak mean fv in the production region is inversely related to the bulk strain rate. The simultaneous data show that soot is formed to the inside of the stoichiometric surface (inferred from stoichiometric velocity), but the formation region moves outside to regions of lower velocity and strain rate as the bulk strain rate is increased. Soot structures form in low strain rate regions, but their upstream edge is seen to become stretched out and aligned at a preferred angle (near 45 degrees) owing to alignment with the instantaneous principal extensive strain rate. Statistical analysis shows that the soot exists, on average, in fluid with axial velocity of about 3 m/s and strain rate of 700 s−1, regardless of the jet exit velocity. The radial profiles of the covariance between fv and radial velocity are consistent with a model where the soot is formed at a preferred radial location (near the reaction zone) and then is transported by turbulent fluctuations to regions of lower fv.
In Pursuit of Reciprocity: Researchers, Teachers, and School Reformers Engaged in Collaborative Analysis of Video Records

In the ideal, reciprocity in qualitative inquiry occurs when there is give-and-take between researchers and the researched; however, the demands of the academy and resource constraints often make the pursuit of reciprocity difficult. Drawing on two video-based, qualitative studies in which researchers utilized video records as resources to enhance reciprocity, this article explores how educators and researchers can negotiate relationships to make the research enterprise mutually beneficial. In particular, this article examines specific events where researchers and educators collaboratively analyzed video data, including video of the research team engaged in analytic conversations. The resulting conversations interrupted traditional boundaries between researchers and participants and yielded understandings that benefited both parties. The conclusion provides a set of questions educators can pose to researchers to help ensure reciprocity.
Rubidium‐87 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging for analysis of mammalian K+ transport

This review summarizes results 87Rb MRS/I studies of K+ transport in mammalian cells, organs and in vivo. It provides a brief description of K+ transport systems, their interactions with Rb+ and evidence that Rb+ is a best K+ congener. 87Rb MR studies have focused mostly on isolated perfused rat and pig hearts and to a lesser extent on kidney, skeletal muscle, salivary gland and red blood cells. The method has been used for three purposes: measurements of kinetics of unidirectional Rb+ uptake and efflux and steady-state Rb+ levels. In cardiovascular studies Rb+ has been used in the absence of shift reagent taking advantage of the predominantly intracellular Rb+/K+ distribution (approximately 20:1). Pharmacological analysis of Rb+ uptake and efflux allowed assessment of the contributions of various transporters to the total Rb+ fluxes in rat hearts. It was confirmed that Na+/K+ ATPase is responsible for the majority of K+ influx since Rb+ uptake is 80% ouabain-sensitive and dependent on the intracellular [Na+]. Energy deprivation caused by low-flow ischemia or metabolic inhibition reduced Rb+ uptake rate. Under normal conditions, Rb+ efflux is mediated mainly by voltage-gated K+ channels with a small contribution from the K+/Na+/2Cl- cotransporter. Intracellular alkalosis and osmotic swelling stimulated Rb+ efflux by activation of the putative K+/H+ antiporter. Activity of ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels was revealed by metabolic (2,4-dinitrophenol, ischemia) or pharmacological (K(ATP) opener, P-1075) stimulation of Rb+ efflux, which was reversed by the K(ATP) blocker, glibenclamide. Mitochondrial K+ transport was evaluated in hearts with saponin-permeabilized myocytes and under hypothermic conditions.Three-dimensional (3-D) spectroscopic MRI of isolated beating pig hearts has been used to obtain time series of Rb+ maps of normal and ischemic/infarcted hearts, which showed lower image intensity in the damaged area. Kinetics of Rb+ uptake in the ischemic areas depended on both regional flow and metabolism. The adrenergic agonist dobutamine stimulated Rb+ uptake in normal areas and did not affect uptake in ischemic areas. Drugs that may affect passive Rb+ transport (bumetanide, pinacidil, glibenclamide) did not change Rb+ uptake either in the normal or ischemic zones. 87Rb-MRI was also able to localize ischemia and infarction in blood-perfused hearts. 87Rb MRS/I is an excellent non-invasive research tool for studies of K+ transport in isolated organs and in vivo.
Making an impact with alumni surveys

This chapter discusses how alumni research can be used to inform key audiences about the impact of college on alumni, including the preparation of alumni for the workforce, alumni experiences as students, and whether alumni may be inclined to support their alma mater.
Tests of crustal divergence models for Aphrodite Terra, Venus

This paper discusses the characteristics of Aphrodite Terra, the highland region of Venus which is considered to be a likely site of mantle upwelling, active volcanism, and extensional tectonics, and examines the relation of these features to three alternative kinematic models for the interaction of mantle convection with the surface. These the 'vertical tectonics' model, in which little horizontal surface displacement results from mantle flow; the 'plate divergence' model, in which shear strain from large horizontal displacements is accommodated only in narrow zones of deformation; and the 'distributed deformation' model, in which strain from large horizontal motions is broadly accommodated. No convincing observational evidence was found to support the rigid-plate divergence, while the evidence of large-scale horizontal motions of Aphrodite argues against purely vertical tectonics. A model is proposed, involving a broad disruption of a thin lithosphere. In such a model, lineaments are considered to be surface manifestations of mantle convective flow.
RELATION BETWEEN SWELLING, WATER PROPERTIES AND b-DIMENSION IN MONTMORILLONITE- WATER SYSTEMS*

The b-dimensions of the unit cells of six different Na-saturated montmorillonites were determined by X-ray diffraction at water contents ranging from 0 to 20 g per g of montmorillonite. In every case, the b-dimension increased progressively with water content from its initial value, which was characteristic of each dry montmorillonite, to a final value of ~9•0A, which was common to all montmorillonites. The latter value was reached when the water contents of the respective montmorillonites were equal to those at maximal swelling. When these water contents were plotted against the corresponding changes in b-dimension, a straight line that passed through the origin was obtained. Different structure-sensitive properties of the water in montmorillonite-water systems (i.e. the partial specific volume, the amount remaining unfrozen at −5°C and the activation energy required for ions to move through it) were available, as functions of the species of exchangeable cation, from previous studies. Relevant b-dimensions were determined in the present study. It was found that all of these water properties were correlated with the b-dimension of the associated montmorillonite. Our results indicate that epitaxy exists between the crystal lattices of montmorillonite and adsorbed water and that these lattices undergo mutual adjustment with each increment of water. The resulting loss of free energy causes water adsorption, i.e. swelling, to occur spontaneously. Swelling stops when no further adjustment takes place. This does not happen until the adsorbed water is several hundred angstroms thick and has achieved a preferred configuration.
Thinking Outside the Box - In Systems Engineering and Integration

Building large and complex systems continues to be a significant challenge for today's systems engineers and integrators. This tutorial sets forth new ways of thinking that could lead to improvements in how systems engineering and integration are carried out. In particular, nine new perspectives are suggested for “thinking outside the box”. Examples are provided for each, along with a discussion of their potential benefits. In addition, thinking in groups as well as historical thinking suggestions are examined. A summary provides an overview of notions that represent departures from current mainstream approaches.
A multicultural annotative bibliography of voice and voice disorders

(1992). A multicultural annotative bibliography of voice and voice disorders. Howard Journal of Communications: Vol. 4, No. 1-2, pp. 164-175.
Day Care Services: An Alternative to Institutional Care†

The day care program at St. Camillus Nursing Home in Syracuse, New York is described. The growth rate of the program,, the observed benefits to the participants, and acceptance by their family members indicate its value to the community. The admission criteria are well defined and non-restrictive, and there is a wide scope of services. However, a greater number of participants and expansion of the services would be feasible if Medicare patients could be included in the program besides the present Medicaid and private physician referrals. Such reimbursement should be provided for the sake of participants and their families, as well as for the economics of the total health structure. This would open the doors for day care programs in many other communities across the nation.
A briefing on the evolution and status of the Open Video digital library

This briefing introduces the reader to an ongoing digital library project that serves as a testbed for research that in turn informs the development of the digital library. The paper is informal with pointers to the technical literature. It aims to illustrate some of the issues and challenges facing digital library researchers and practitioners.
Mothering From a Distance

Notions of motherhood have been shaped by a Western ideology that encourages mothers to intensively mother their children, selflessly indulging in their child's every want and need. Failure to adhere to such criteria results in the label of “bad” mother. This understanding of motherhood has been viewed through a White, middle-class, heterosexual lens, limiting our ability to see the diversity of women's lives. In an effort to encourage exploration of women's nuanced experiences, feminist scholars have begun to explore marginalized mothers. This article adds to this research, drawing attention to noncustodial mothers. Because they do not live with their children on a full-time basis, noncustodial mothers deviate from the ideology of the “good mother,” providing an opportunity to explore the navigation of motherhood from a distance. Through qualitative interviews with 16 noncustodial mothers, strategies of resistance and accommodation of the cultural ideal emerge.
An infant with sepsis and methemoglosinemia

Abstract A 3-week-old child arrived at the emergency room with the concurrent onset of sepsis and methemoglobinemis associated with diarrhea. Subsequently, the child had two recurrent episodes of methemoglobinemia with reexacerbations of his diarrhea. Possible causes and amociatim of methemoglobinemia are presented: particular emphasis is placed on the early recognition and rapid diagnosis of this life-threatening condition.
Humor in the Classroom: STU'S Seven Simple Steps to Success

So you want to use humor in your classroom but think it will be inappropriate? After all, you might be thinking, you teach a very serious subject and do not want to turn your classroom into a three-ring circus. But even when teaching technical courses as systems analysis and computer programming, you can still use humor effectively in the classroom. This article explains types of humor that have worked for me, introduces tips and tricks you may not have tried in your classroom, and looks at some theory behind the use of humor.
Ovarian-Type Stroma in Hepatobiliary Cystadenomas and Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms An Immunohistochemical Study

We compared immunohistochemical expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-met, alpha-inhibin, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) in 10 pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (PMCNs), 8 hepatobiliary cystadenomas (HBCs), and 6 simple liver cysts (SLCs).All HBCs and PMCNs were in women (mean ages, 45.7 and 54.9 years, respectively; P > .05). All HBCs had abundant stroma; PMCN stromal density was more variable (score, 3.0 vs 1.8; P < .05). Stroma in HBCs had greater ER and PR staining (both P < .05) and more consistent, focal, strong reactivity for alpha-inhibin than PMCNs (P < .05). SLCs were found in men and women, lacked ovarian-type stroma, and were negative for ER, PR, and alpha-inhibin. HGF expression was not significantly different in the epithelium of HBCs, PMCNs, and SLCs; c-met expression in the epithelium of HBCs and PMCNs was significantly stronger than in SLCs (P < .05). Differences in stromal density and ER, PR, and alpha-inhibin immunoreactivity in HBCs and PMCNs suggest that different hormonal environments in the liver and pancreas contribute to stromal variation. Up-regulation of c-met in HBCs and PMCNs suggests c-met activation in the pathogenesis of pancreaticobiliary cystic neoplasms.
Enumeration of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies by DNA colony hybridization using alkaline treatment and paper filters.

Abstract The efficiency of enumerating virulent Yersinia enterocolitica colonies was determined for 10 artificially contaminated foods by autoradiography after DNA colony hybridization using a 32 P-labelled genetic probe and paper filters. Enumeration efficiency, which ranged from 0–98% (average 25 ± 31% standard deviation), improved (42–138%, average 83 ± 27% standard deviation) after enrichment with 0·5% KOH-0·5% NaCl. These efficiencies are equivalent to those obtained with nitrocellulose filters.
A nerve stump dependent appearance of junctional and perijunctional acetylcholine receptors in organ culture.

Abstract A rapid, nerve stump dependenl appearance of junctional and perijunctional acetylcholine receptors occurred after 42 h following the introduction of rat diaphragm into organ culture. Approximately2 × 10 6 or more acetylcholine receptors (assayed by [ 125 I]alphabungarotoxin hinding) appeared at the endplate within a 2 h period, between 42 and 44 h, while only approximately2.5 × 10 3 acetylcholine receptors appeared in an equivalent area of extrajunctional membrane during the same time. Autoradiographic studies confirmed that most of the new acetylcholine receptor sites appeared at the endplate, although a small perijunctional component was also detected. The presence of a long nerve stump prevented the increase in the number of receptors specific to the endplate region, but had no effect on the appearance of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacological studies showed that the nerve stump effect did not involve nerve impulse transmission, or the interaction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with acetylcholine. The findings suggest that junctional and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors are controlled by different neuronal mechanisms and that junctional receptors are subject to
Comparative molecular field analysis of selective A3 adenosine receptor agonists.

Abstract A series of 48 N 6 -benzyladenosine 5′-uronamide derivatives has been described recently as moderately selective A 3 adenosine receptor agonists of nanomolar potency (Gallo-Rodriguez, C. et al. J. Med. Chem. , 1994 , 37, 636). Quantitative structure activity relationships in this series, including some novel derivatives, have been investigated using a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA), with emphasis on the N 6 -substituent. The resulting three dimensional pharmacophore model defines the steric and electronic factors which modulate in vitro affinities in binding to rat brain A 3 adenosine receptors. The model indicates a positive correlation of affinity with the steric characteristics of the compounds (major factor), particularly toward the 3-position of the benzyl ring of N 6 -benzyl NECA, and a weak correlation with the electrostatic effects of the N 6 -substituent. A comparison of active and inactive compounds using volume maps showed that bulk at the 3-position of the benzyl ring of the molecule is conducive to high affinity at A 3 receptors, while steric bulk at other positions of the benzyl ring leads to poor binding. t -Boc-amino acid conjugates of a 3-aminobenzyl derivative were synthesized to probe the steric and hydrophobic limitations at that position. We have discovered a subregion of the N 6 -benzyl binding pocket occupied by a 3-( l -prolylamino) group that is sterically disallowed at A 3 receptors and allowed in A 1 and A 2a receptors. 6- N -Phenylhydrazino and 6- O -phenylhydroxylamino derivatives, incorporating major changes in electrostatic character of the ligand proximal to the purine, were predicted by the CoMFA model to have high A 3 affinity. Such analogs were synthesized and found to be well tolerated at the A 3 receptor binding site.
Enhanced diagnostics using orthogonal de-noising based nonlinear discriminant analysis and its application to multivariate data

Many multivariate statistical techniques have been developed to solve fault diagnosis problems for productivity and quality improvement. Recently, nonlinear kernel techniques (e.g. support vector machines) have been successfully applied to a number of applications such as bio-informatics, face recognition, handwritten digit recognition, etc. The basis of these techniques is to map input data into a nonlinear space; these mapped data are then analysed. Using the kernel trick on these methods makes it possible to develop powerful kernel-based nonlinear techniques and to extract information from the mapped data. This paper proposes a new diagnosis method based on kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFDA), a nonlinear kernel technique. It utilizes KFDA to extract nonlinear patterns of data effectively. In addition, an orthogonal de-noising technique, called orthogonal signal correction, is incorporated into the proposed framework and used as a pre-processing step. This de-noising is executed before KFDA mode...
Topoi on Topos: The Development o f Aristotle's Concept of Place

Aristotle's notion of place receives its fullest development in Physics A 1-5, where he argues that place is the inner limit of a containing body. The common opinion which leads him to this view is an old one.' In the Parmenides (138A2-B6) Plato assumes that if the one is somewhere (.nov), it is in something. This, he recognizes, must be a distinct container.2 For otherwise the one would contain itself (nEQLEFXov). Therefore the container (@6 nEQLExov) and the contained (@o nLEX0IEV0V) must be different, so that if the one is somewhere, there would be two. The argument of Plato has a predecessor in Gorgias, On Not Being,3 where Gorgias argues from the premiss that if something is somewhere it is in something else to the conclusion that the infinite (of Melissus, according to de Gorgia) cannot be anywhere, and so must be nothing. For the container (X0 iMEpLExov) must be greater than the contained (6o iu-
Classification of Cervix Lesions Using Filter Bank-Based Texture Mode

This paper explores the classification of texture patterns observed in digital images of the cervix. In particular, the problem of identifying and segmenting punctations and mosaic patterns is considered. First, the ability of large scale filter banks in characterizing punctations and mosaic structures is studied using texton models. However, texton-based models fail to consistently classify punctation and mosaic sections obtained from cervix images of different subjects. We present a novel method to segment punctations that combines matched filtering using a Gaussian template with Gaussian Mixture Models. Features extracted from the objects detected using this novel method on punctation and mosaic sections are shown to provide excellent classification between punctation and mosaicism. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting punctations and separating punctation sections from mosaic sections.
Exposure of Hepatitis C Virus-Negative Recipients to ⩾2 Infected Blood Donors

This study analyzed 4 cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-naive transfusion recipients who developed hepatitis after receiving blood from >1 HCV-infected donor. One recipient was exposed to 4 donors, 2 were exposed to 3 donors, and 1 was exposed to 2 donors. For 3 recipients, the strain from 1 of the donors predominated in all follow-up samples collected for 8-40 months. For 2 recipients, the strain from the second donor was occasionally detectable with sensitive strain-specific assays. For the fourth recipient, the initially dominant strain was later supplanted by a strain from the other donor. Simultaneous exposure to multiple HCV strains may result in concomitant infection by >1 strain, although a single strain rapidly establishes its dominance. These observations are compatible with the presence of competition among infecting HCV strains that results in the dominance of 1 strain and competitive exclusion or suppression of other strains.
Femtosecond time‐resolved hot carrier energy distributions of photoexcited semiconductor quantum dots

Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we investigated hot carrier distributions in semiconductor cadmium selenide quantum dots. The relaxation processes represent the behavior of an ensemble of QDs. This concept is applied for analysis with the Fermi-Dirac distribution and relaxation processes among different electron-hole pair states. By extracting the experimental hot carrier distribution and fitting with the Fermi-Dirac function, we resolved the rapid thermalization processes, such as carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions was resolved within one picosecond upon photoexcitation. The analysis, using the Fermi-Dirac distribution modulated by the density of states, provides a general route to understanding the carrier cooling and heat dissipation processes in quantum dot-based systems.
States of water in hydrated C3S (tricalcium silicate) as a function of relative humidity

Quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy was used to study the changes in the water content of hydrated tricalcium silicate cement paste with decreasing relative humidity (RH). The structurally bound water was divided into water bound in Ca(OH)2 and in calcium-silicate hydrate, or C–S–H-gel, utilizing the inelastic vibrational modes of Ca(OH)2. The quasi-elastic line was analyzed in terms of free and constrained water, and both were observed to decrease as the pores empty of pore-water with drying. An inelastic line related to translational vibrations of immobile water molecules was also extracted from the spectra, and its intensity was found to decrease with lower RH.
10-Gbit/s transoceanic soliton transmission using mostly normal dispersion fiber

Soliton transmission using periodic dispersion compensation has recently become an attractive method to reduce amplitude and timing errors by means of soliton power enhancement in low path-averaged dispersion transmission lines. We report here the results of error-free soliton transmission exceeding 10 Mm in a dispersion-mapped system consisting of mostly normal dispersion fiber, but in which a low path-averaged anomalous dispersion is obtained. A consequence of low dispersion in soliton transmission systems using frequency-sliding techniques is a stronger impact from the frequency-sliding filters on the pulse dynamics.
Prevention of islanding in grid‐connected photovoltaic systems

Recently there has been a resurgence of concern about islanding of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. This condition occurs when the PV system continues to energize a section of the grid after that section has been isolated from the main utility voltage source. Generally, islanding is undesirable because it poses a safety hazard to utility service personnel, and also because it can lead to asynchronous reclosure which can damage equipment. It is therefore important that PV systems incorporate methods to prevent islanding. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to critically review the literature on islanding prevention methods for PV systems and discuss their strengths and shortcomings; (2) to review and analyze the islanding behavior of four converters which are prominent in the literature in order to demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of some islanding prevention methods; and (3) to introduce a new islanding prevention scheme, active frequency drift with positive feedback, which overcomes many of the shortcomings of existing schemes. It is concluded that no ‘perfect’ islanding prevention method yet exists, but also that many existing methods or combinations thereof work very well in practical situations. Finally, it is noted than an investigation of what constitutes ‘sufficient’ islanding prevention is needed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotator Cuff Tears in the Elderly Patients

Rotator cuff tears (RCT) are a common clinical problem in the geriatric population, and debate exists over how to best provide pain relief and restore shoulder function. Treatment options can be broadly divided into nonsurgical and surgical, with the majority of patients initially placed on a trial of conservative therapy. For those with irreparable RCT, low functional demand, or interest in nonoperative management, there are a number of nonsurgical treatments to consider, including rehabilitation and injections of corticosteroids, hyaluronate, and platelet-rich plasma. Surgical treatment is increasingly common, as geriatric patients remain active with high functional demands. Studies in elderly populations have demonstrated satisfactory healing and clinical results following surgical repair. Predictors of poor outcome after repair are large tear size as well as higher stages of fatty infiltration. Decompression is a less invasive surgical option that has been shown to provide short-term pain relief, though the lasting effects may deteriorate over time. A number of factors must be weighed when considering which patients are likely to benefit from surgical intervention.
Analysis of interaction between microwave antennas and frequency selective surface (FSS) radomes

The interaction between the microwave antenna and the FSS is analyzed by using a modified plane wave spectrum approach. The analysis of the antenna is carried out by using CFDTD technique in order to obtain its aperture fields which are in turn used as an excitation for the FSS. Both the aperture electric and magnetic fields of the antenna are used in deriving the spectrum. The original truncated FSS problem has been transformed into an equivalent one that renders it far more manageable to treat than its original version. This is especially true for large radomes, comprising hundreds, if not thousands of elements. The proposed method is validated by comparison with measurement. The method is completely general and can handle various types of microwave antennas, FSS elements of different shapes, and FSS radomes with arbitrary boundary truncations.
Increasing microholographic storage density in photopolymer with a secondary unimolecular termination agent

Deriving a new photopolymerization model incorporating a unimolecular termination agent we show a spatial scale dependence on recording fidelity. Larger scale structures narrow, while smaller structures are unaffected, potentially increasing microholographic storage density.
Interdisciplinary research on autism: Behavioral measures in the development of a mouse model of autism

Un gran numero de investigacion biomedica ha reportado evidencia empirica respecto a la funcion de neuropeptidos especificos en el desarrollo de la sintomatologia del autismo. Se sugiere que con el fin de obtener una mayor comprension del autismo es necesario establecer un campo de investigacion interdisciplinario en el cual es integren contribuciones tanto del Analisis Comportamental como de la Biologia. En este estudio interdisciplinario preliminar, ratonas gestantes fueron inyectadas con lipopolisacarido – LPS (grupo experimental) en el 17avo dia de gestacion. Las camadas de estas ratonas fueron comparadas con camadas control que no fueron inyectadas. Las mediciones de interaccion social se realizaron en dos periodos, juvenil y adulto joven, utilizando un diseno ABAB que consistio en la presencia o ausencia de la madre en la camara experimental. La interaccion social de cada cria se evaluo observando el numero de acercamientos hacia la madre. El promedio de velocidad, entendida como distancia recorrida sobre tiempo, de cada raton tambien fue calculado para cada sesion. Se concluye que es necesario un mayor refinamiento de la medida de interaccion social utilizada, y que la introduccion de una medida de desarrollo comportamental seria util en la construccion de un modelo animal de autismo.