cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological and immunological identification of native α7 nicotinic receptors: evidence for homomeric and heteromeric α7 receptors

Abstract Controversy surrounds the expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in adrenal chromaffin cells. In these studies, α7 nAChRs expressed in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells are investigated. Using radiolabeled ligand binding techniques, [ 125 I]α-bungarotoxin (αBGT) binding reaches equilibrium within 4 h and is saturable with a K d value of 4.2 nM. Using homologous competition experiments, the K i for binding of αBGT was 1.9 nM. These data are consistent with the expression of homomeric α7 nAChRs. Methyllycaconatine (MLA), which binds α7 nAChRs with high affinity, inhibits [ 125 I]αBGT binding in a concentration-dependent manner with a K i of 30.6 nM; this value is ∼ 10 fold higher than the reported affinity of MLA for α7 nAChRs. We also document the ability of bromoacetylcholine (brACh) to alkylate α7 nAChRs, as has been previous demonstrated for bovine adrenal α3β4 nAChRs. When adrenal nAChRs are immunoprecipated with mAb319, an antibody which recognizes α7 nAChR protein, and then probed with mAb319 using Western blot analysis, a single band of ∼ 53 kDa is identified. When adrenal nAChRs are immunoprecipated with mAb35, an antibody which recognizes α3 and α5 nAChR proteins, and then probed with mAb319 using Western blot analysis, a single band of ∼ 53 kDa is identified. Together, these results support the expression of α7 nAChRs in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. However, these data suggest that the subunit composition of some of these receptors may include heteromeric α7 nAChRs.
The kinetics of sodium transport in the toad bladder. I. Determination of the transport pool.

A compartmental model of toad bladder sodium content has been developed, whereby it is possible to measure the four unidirectional fluxes across the opposite faces of the transport compartment, as well as the amount of sodium in the compartment. 24Na is added to the mucosal medium of a short-circuited bladder mounted between halves of a chamber in which the fluid is stirred by rotating impellers. After a steady state is reached, nonradioactive medium is flushed through both sides of the chamber, collected, and counted. The data from each chamber are fitted to sums of exponentials and interpreted in terms of conventional compartmental analysis. Three exponentials are required, with half-times of 0.2, 2.2, and 14.0 min. It is shown that the first of these represents chamber washout, the second the transport pool, and the third a tissue compartment which is not involved in active sodium transport and which does not communicate with the transport pool. The second compartment contains 10.5 µEq of sodium per 100 mg dry weight, an amount equal to approximately 30% of total tissue sodium. The results also indicate, as expected from electrophysiological data, that the mucosal-facing side of the transport compartment is over 10 times as permeable to sodium as the serosal, or pump, side.
A secure mHealth application for EMS: design and implementation

Healthcare organizations are looking to implement mobile health applications that significantly improve healthcare delivery, yet adhere to existing health information privacy and security rules and regulations. However, these same organizations are struggling to find comprehensive frameworks, guidelines, and examples on how to successfully accomplish these interrelated goals. This paper presents a set of guiding principles specific to designing and building practitioner oriented mHealth applications. The system design is described, including the security features that were implemented, and results from performance testing in a live field test environment on 20 ambulances and 7 hospitals.
Short term effects of phosphorus and VA-mycorrhizal fungi on nutrition, growth and development of Capsicum annuum L.

Abstract Seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. cultivar ‘Early Bountiful’ were grown in containers of river sand inoculated or not with the VA-mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss & Menge). Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) were modified to supply P at 11, 22 or 44 μg ml −1 . After 42 days, plants were evaluated for growth, development and leaf elemental content. Short term effects occurred with P and VAM treatment. Increasing P fertility enhanced fruit number, leaf area, shoot, fruit and root dry weight, and decreased leaf area ratio (LAR). VAM increased leaf area of plants fertilized with full strength LANS (44 μg ml −1 P). VAM generally increased leaf tissue B, but decreased Mo. Tissue K and N in VAM plants was not decreased, as it was in non-mycorrhizal plants with increasing P fertility. Increasing P fertility generally decreased tissue Cu and Zn and increased P levels. Mycorrhizal colonization (% root length) and spores recovered per unit of soil were greater with plants fertilized with 11 than 44 μg ml −1 P levels.
Disorders of perception common to early infantile autism and schizophrenia

Abstract The results of clinical, psychological, psychophysiological, and neurophysiological investigations have suggested that a break-down of the homeostatic regulation of sensory input occurs in early infantile autism and in schizophrenia. These investigations are reviewed and evaluated. It is concluded that a profound disturbance of perception is found in both autistic children and schizophrenic adults, and that this perceptual dysfunction may be common to and underlie the divergent clinical pathology present in these conditions.
Poster Abstract: Concatenated Random Parity Forwarding in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we address the problem of extending the lifetime of sensor nodes, in particular those that are located close to the base station, using a new parity forwarding technique. The parity-forwarding refers to a relaying strategy in which a relay node sends a parity of the decoded codeword to facilitate transmission by other nodes. In this scheme, the relay completely decodes the transmitted codeword but only forwards a parity symbol to the destination, which reduces the encoding complexity and bandwidth/power expenditures at the relay. It is shown that this strategy achieves the capacity of a new class of single source, single destination, degraded two- relay networks by Razaghi, P. and Yu, W. (2006).
Periodontal regeneration: potential role of bone morphogenetic proteins

Initiation of osteogenesis and cementogenesis is a problem central to periodontal regeneration. A major advance in the understanding of bone formation has been the identification of an entirely new family of protein initiators, the bone morphogenetic proteins, that regulate cartilage and bone differentiation in vivo. The purification, genetic cloning and expression of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have laid the foundation for the cellular and molecular dissection of bone development and regeneration. The striking evolutionary conservation of the BMP genes indicates that they are critical in the normal development and function of animals. In addition to postfetal osteogenesis, the BMPs may play multiple roles in embryonic development and organogenesis, including skeletogenesis and the development of craniofacial and dental tissues. The availability of recombinant human BMPs provides several challenges and opportunities to gain insights into the mechanisms regulating the regeneration of bone and cementum for optimal outcome in the periodontal patient.
Skin-electrode impedance problems in electrocardiography.

Abstract The effects of skin to electrode impedance on ECG potentials were determined by recording Frank leads with and without buffer amplifiers on 24 patients over a 15-minute period. Recordings were taken every 5 minutes without moving the electrodes in order to study the effects as a function of time. Electrode to skin resistance was measured every 5 minutes at each electrode site. The results demonstrated that skin to electrode impedance values were extremely variable and unpredictable, ranging between 0 and 206 K at 10 Hz. In most instances, they decreased with time. Errors in Q, R, S, and T wave amplitudes, measured using a digital computer, occurred in 17 of the 24 patients as a result of skin to electrode impedances. These errors were effectively minimized when buffer amplifiers at each electrode were used. It is recommended that buffer amplifiers having at least 10 megohms input impedance at low frequencies be employed in ECG recording whenever weighting networks are used between the electrodes and the recording device. In the use of standard leads with present day direct-writers, it has been demonstrated that skin to electrode impedances may produce amplitude errors in the recorded potentials, especially in those leads which require the use of a central terminal. Buffer amplifiers, when used for the limb electrodes, will effectively prevent such errors in the recording of conventional precordial and augmented leads.
Chemical bonding analysis for solid-state systems using intrinsic oriented quasiatomic minimal-basis-set orbitals

A chemical bonding scheme is presented for the analysis of solid-state systems. The scheme is based on the intrinsic oriented quasiatomic minimal-basis-set orbitals (IO-QUAMBOs) previously developed by Ivanic and Ruedenberg for molecular systems. In the solid-state scheme, IO-QUAMBOs are generated by a unitary transformation of the quasiatomic orbitals located at each site of the system with the criteria of maximizing the sum of the fourth power of interatomic orbital bond order. Possible bonding and antibonding characters are indicated by the single particle matrix elements, and can be further examined by the projected density of states. We demonstrate the method by applications to graphene and (6,0) zigzag carbon nanotube. The oriented-orbital scheme automatically describes the system in terms of $s{p}^{2}$ hybridization. The effect of curvature on the electronic structure of the zigzag carbon nanotube is also manifested in the deformation of the intrinsic oriented orbitals as well as a breaking of symmetry leading to nonzero single particle density matrix elements. In an additional study, the analysis is performed on the ${\text{Al}}_{3}\text{V}$ compound. The main covalent bonding characters are identified in a straightforward way without resorting to the symmetry analysis. Our method provides a general way for chemical bonding analysis of ab initio electronic structure calculations with any type of basis sets.
Effect of swirl on jet atomization

Introduction B ECAUSE of its practical significance, the subject of jet atomization has been given considerable attention in the literature.' However, the number of published investigations on the problem of the effect of swirl on the atomization of a liquid jet has been very limited. The most comprehensive theoretical treatment of the problem is that of Ponstein. More recently, Kang and Lin studied the spatial instability of a swirling liquid jet, including the effect of nonaxisymmetric disturbances in their analysis. Lian and Lin investigated the convective instability of a viscous liquid jet emanating into a swirling in viscid gas. All of the previous studies of the effect of swirl on liquid jet atomization were conducted via the linear theory of hydrodynamic stability. The problem with the linear stability analysis is the assumption that the perturbations are infinitesimally small, since, after a finite interval of time, unstable perturbations will have grown to finite quantities. Because of the limitations of the linear stability theory, alternative methods of analysis have been sought. These include the method of strained coordinates." Direct numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equations in their axisymmetric form was attempted by Shokoohi and Elrod. Bogy used the Cosserat theory developed by Green. A weakly nonlinear instability analysis was advanced by Ibrahim and Lin. Though mathematically or computationally elegant, all of the aforementioned methods suffer inherent complexity. Lee developed a one-dimensional nonlinear direct-simulation technique that proved to be a simple and practical approach to investigate the nonlinear instability of a liquid jet. Lee's direct-simulation approach formed the basis of a comprehensive treatment of the jet instability and atomization presented by Chuech et al. In the present work we shall extend the direct-simulation analysis of Chuech et al. to include the effect of swirl on jet atomization.
EFFECT OF INESCAPABLE SHOCK ON EFFICACY OF PUNISHMENT OF APPETITIVE INSTRUMENTAL RESPONDING BY DOGS

Exposure of 4 dogs to a series of 60 5-sec. inescapable electric shocks increased the effectiveness of subsequent reinforcement correlated shock punishments of VR-3 responding for food, relative to 4 non-preshocked control dogs.
Examining school-based bullying interventions using multilevel discrete time hazard modeling.

Although schools have been trying to address bulling by utilizing different approaches that stop or reduce the incidence of bullying, little remains known about what specific intervention strategies are most successful in reducing bullying in the school setting. Using the social-ecological framework, this paper examines school-based disciplinary interventions often used to deliver consequences to deter the reoccurrence of bullying and aggressive behaviors among school-aged children. Data for this study are drawn from the School-Wide Information System (SWIS) with the final analytic sample consisting of 1,221 students in grades K – 12 who received an office disciplinary referral for bullying during the first semester. Using Kaplan-Meier Failure Functions and Multi-level discrete time hazard models, determinants of the probability of a student receiving a second referral over time were examined. Of the seven interventions tested, only Parent-Teacher Conference (AOR = 0.65, p < .01) and Loss of Privileges (AOR = 0.71, p < .10) were significant in reducing the rate of the reoccurrence of bullying and aggressive behaviors. By using a social-ecological framework, schools can develop strategies that deter the reoccurrence of bullying by identifying key factors that enhance a sense of connection between the students’ mesosystems as well as utilizing disciplinary strategies that take into consideration student’s microsystem roles.
Collaborative vs. non-collaborative container-vessel scheduling

Abstract In this study, we mathematically model and empirically investigate the operational performance of container-vessel schedules under three management policies: the non-collaborative policy, the slot-sharing policy, and the total-sharing (the total collaboration) policy. A hypothesized shipping process based upon the practice of a real-life container shipping company is used in the experiments. Empirical results observed under different problem settings and from 2040 randomly generated test cases are reported. The study reveals that without partner carriers’ full commitment to share the demand and the resources in a flexible manner, the advantage of collaborative planning cannot be fully exploited.
Adaptive neural controller design for robots

Abstract This paper investigates the feasibility of utilizing neural networks for the design of controllers for robots. It is argued that the usual error backpropagation (EBP) learning algorithm cannot be readily used for the training of neural controllers. Instead, in order to ensure the convergence of the training process and the stability of the closed-loop system, a stability approach must be taken to derive a learning algorithm. Viewing neural controllers as nonlinear adaptive controllers allows one to utilize the techniques developed in adaptive control theory. With this in mind, we use Liapunov's stability approach, in the same way as it is used for adaptive control systems, to develop a learning rule for neural network controllers that would guarantee the stability of the training process under mild conditions. These controllers do not require a priori information about the plant dynamics.
Resistance of neonatal tolerance in mice to abrogation by normal immunocytes

Abstract The mechanisms of neonatally induced tolerance in CAF 1 mice to bovine serum albumin were investigated with cell transfer experiments and primary interaction between radiolabeled antigen and antisera for antibody measurements. Adoptive transfer of normal syngeneic splenocytes, of thymocytes, or of thymus-bone marrow cell combinations did not break this tolerance though proved effective for breaking irradiation-caused tolerance. Similar transfer of spleen cells taken from immunized mice did abrogate neonatal tolerance; but spleen cells transferred from immunized mice that subsequently also had been desensitized did not, even though they could provide nontolerant recipients with anamnestic responses. Neither allogeneic nor xenogeneic spleen cells broke the tolerance. Thus, the neonatal tolerance studied appears to suppress primary immunologic response but not an anamnestic response. It appears more likely to be an active suppressive phenomenon than one of clone loss.
Atomic Force Microscope-Based Lithography of Titanium

Anodization of Ti by high electric fields at the tip of a scanned probe can be used to produce nanoscale features consisting of oxides of Ti. In this manner, Ti can be used as a sacrificial resist for nanoscale lithography by exploiting the etching selectivity differences between Ti and anodized Ti. The anodization was accomplished with an atomic force microscope using Ticoated silicon nitride cantilevers. The anodizing bias voltage is applied to the tip and is independent of the feedback, unlike the scanning tunneling microscope. With this setup we were able to fabricate sub-40 nm lines by direct anodization of Ti. It is also shown that once tip and sample are brought into hard contact, subsequent bending of the cantilever has little effect on the linewidth or thickness of the anodized material.
Structural and Functional Effects of Apolar Mutations of the Distal Valine in Myoglobin

Abstract High-resolution structures of the aquomet, deoxy, and CO forms of Ala68, Ile68, Leu68, and Phe68 sperm whale myoglobins have been determined by X-ray crystallography. These 12 new structures, plus those of wild-type myoglobin, have been used to interpret the effects of mutations at position 68 and the effects of cobalt substitution on the kinetics of O 2 , CO, and NO binding. Molecular dynamics simulations based on crystal structures have provided information about the time-dependent behavior of photolyzed ligands for comparison with picosecond geminate recombination studies. The Val68→Ala mutation has little effect on the structure and function of myoglobin. In Ala68 deoxymyoglobin, as in the wild-type protein, a water molecule hydrogen-bonded to the N e atom of the distal histidine restricts ligand binding and appears to be more important in regulating the function of myoglobin than direct steric interactions between the ligand and the C γ atoms of the native valine side-chain. This distal pocket water molecule is displaced by the larger side-chains at position 68 in the crystal structures of Leu68 and Ile68 deoxymyoglobins. The Leu68 side-chain can rotate about its C α –C β and C β –C γ bonds to better accommodate bound ligands, resulting in net increases in overall association rate constants and affinities due to the absence of the distal pocket water molecule. However, the flexibility of Leu68 makes simulation of picosecond NO recombination difficult since multiple starting conformations are possible. In the case of Ile68, rotation of the substituted side-chain is restricted due to branching at the β carbon, and as a result, the δ methyl group is located close to the iron atom in both the deoxy and liganded structures. The favorable effect of displacing the distal pocket water molecule is offset by direct steric hindrance between the bound ligand and the terminal carbon atom of the isoleucine side-chain, resulting in net decreases in affinity for all three ligands and inhibition of geminate recombination which is reproduced in the molecular dynamics simulations. In Phe68 myoglobin, the benzyl side-chain is pointed away from the ligand binding site, occupying a region in the back of the distal pocket. As in wild-type and Ala68 myoglobins, a well-defined water molecule is found hydrogen bonded to the distal histidine in Phe68 deoxymyoglobin. This water molecule, in combination with the large size of the benzyl side-chain, markedly reduces the speed and extent of ligand movement into the distal pocket. Ligand movement away from the iron atom is also reduced dramatically by the Phe68 side-chain, causing large and rapid geminate recombination phases for all ligands.
Measuring the resilience of the global internet infrastructure system

Resilience is the ability of the system to both absorb shock as well to recover rapidly from a disruption so that it can return back to its original service delivery levels or close to it. In the aftermath of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, there has been an increasing interest in infrastructure resilience. The global submarine fiber optics cable network that serves as the backbone of the internet is a particularly critical infrastructure system that is vulnerable to both natural and man-made disasters. In this paper, we propose a model to measure the base resiliency of this global network, and explore the node to node and global resiliency of the network using existing data demand, capacity and flow information. The base resiliency of the system can be measured as the value delivery of the system after a disruption to the value deliver of the system before a disruption. We further demonstrate how the resiliency of the global internet infrastructure is enhanced through reducing the network vulnerability and increasing its adaptive capacity.
A Feature-Detection Program for Patterns with Overlapping Cells

An attempt is made to extract feature informations automatically from patterns which may consist of open lines, partially overlapping cells, and cells that may lie entirely inside another cell. The usual pattern-recognition techniques, such as the linear threshold logic technique and the masking or template technique, are not practical here, if not entirely impossible. In this paper, a direct-search computer program using a heuristic approach is described. A test pattern is used to illustrate the capability of the program. The subject should be of general interest to those in the field of automation and cybernetics.
Measuring Food Access and Food Deserts for Policy Purposes

Policymakers have dedicated increasing attention to whether Americans have access to healthful food. As a result, various methods for measuring food store access at the national level have been developed to identify areas that lack access. However, these methods face definitional, data, and methodological limitations. The focus on neighborhoods instead of individuals underestimates the barriers that some individuals face in accessing healthy food, and overestimates the problem in other neighborhoods. This paper reviews and critiques currently available national-level measures of food access. While multiple measures of food access are needed to understand the problem, we recommend greater attention be paid to individual measures of food store access.
A Record of the Horsehair Worm Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha) in Wisconsin

ABSTRACT The horsehair worm Chordodes morgani Montgomery is reported from Shawano County, Wisconsin. This is the first record for this species in Wisconsin. This report fills a gap in the known distribution.
First report of tenosynovitis in an immunocompetent person caused by Mycobacterium heraklionense

Introduction: Mycobacterium heraklionense is a newly described species member of the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Case presentation: We have described a case of chronic tenosynovitis caused by M. heraklionense using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The infection was associated with trauma and foreign‐body introduction in an otherwise healthy patient. Conclusion: M. heraklionense appears to have worldwide distribution and has the ability to cause disease similar to other members of the M. terrae complex.
Using neural networks to predict software faults during testing

This paper investigates the application of principal components analysis to neural-network modeling. The goal is to predict the number of faults. Ten software product measures were gathered from a large commercial software system. Principal components were then extracted from these measures. We trained two neural networks, one with the observed (raw) data, and one with principal components. We compare the predictive quality of the two competing models using data collected from two similar systems. These systems were developed by the same organization, and used the same development process. For the environment we studied, applying principal-components analysis to the raw data yields a neural-network model whose predictive quality is statistically better than a neural-network model developed using the raw data alone. The improvement in model predictive quality is appreciable from a practitioner's point of view. We concur with published literature regarding the number of hidden layers needed in a neural-network model. A single hidden layer of neurons yielded a network of sufficient generality to be useful when predicting faults. This is important, because networks with more hidden layers take correspondingly more time to train. The application of alternative network architectures and training algorithms in software engineering should continue to be investigated.
The face-specific N170 component is modulated by emotional facial expression

According to the traditional two-stage model of face processing, the face-specific N170 event-related potential (ERP) is linked to structural encoding of face stimuli, whereas later ERP components are thought to reflect processing of facial affect. This view has recently been challenged by reports of N170 modulations by emotional facial expression. This study examines the time-course and topography of the influence of emotional expression on the N170 response to faces. Dense-array ERPs were recorded in response to a set (n = 16) of fear and neutral faces. Stimuli were normalized on dimensions of shape, size and luminance contrast distribution. To minimize task effects related to facial or emotional processing, facial stimuli were irrelevant to a primary task of learning associative pairings between a subsequently presented visual character and a spoken word. N170 to faces showed a strong modulation by emotional facial expression. A split half analysis demonstrates that this effect was significant both early and late in the experiment and was therefore not associated with only the initial exposures of these stimuli, demonstrating a form of robustness against habituation. The effect of emotional modulation of the N170 to faces did not show significant interaction with the gender of the face stimulus, or hemisphere of recording sites. Subtracting the fear versus neutral topography provided a topography that itself was highly similar to the face N170. The face N170 response can be influenced by emotional expressions contained within facial stimuli. The topography of this effect is consistent with the notion that fear stimuli exaggerates the N170 response itself. This finding stands in contrast to previous models suggesting that N170 processes linked to structural analysis of faces precede analysis of emotional expression, and instead may reflect early top-down modulation from neural systems involved in rapid emotional processing.
Safety and efficacy of colchicine therapy in the prevention of recurrent pericarditis

Purpose A review of published data on the safety and efficacy of colchicine therapy for primary and secondary prevention of pericarditis is presented. Summary Colchicine has been used effectively as an antiinflammatory agent for gout and has shown promise as a treatment for acute and recurrent pericarditis. Several small studies have indicated that colchicine can decrease pericarditis symptom persistence at 72 hours and pericarditis recurrence rates at 18 months compared with conventional therapy (corticosteroids and aspirin or ibuprofen). A review of pooled data from four prospective randomized trials concluded that colchicine is safe and efficacious for the management of acute and recurrent pericarditis, with the results indicating lower rates of the respective primary and secondary endpoints of recurrent disease and symptom persistence in colchicine-treated patients. A separate meta-analysis of five studies found a reduced risk of pericarditis with colchicine use, suggesting that the drug may have clinical utility in both primary and secondary prevention. The accumulated evidence suggests that treatment with colchicine in the context of pericarditis is safe and well tolerated, with gastrointestinal intolerance being the most common adverse event documented in the clinical trials to date. Conclusion Based on a review of the literature, prevention of recurrent pericarditis with colchicine can be considered a safe and effective option, though some patients have experienced gastrointestinal intolerance. Due to evidence that corticosteroids may potentially exacerbate the risk of relapse, colchicine may be a safer and preferable option.
Chapter 32 An Empirical Perspective on Auctions

We describe the economics literature on auction markets, with an emphasis on the connection between theory, empirical practice, and public policy, and a discussion of outstanding issues. We describe some basic concepts, to highlight some strengths and weaknesses of the literature, and so indicate where further research may be warranted. We discuss identification and estimation issues, with an emphasis on the connection between theory and empirical practice. We also discuss both structural and reduced form empirical approaches.
What makes a “successful” marine protected area? The unique context of Hawaii′s fish replenishment areas

Abstract In 1998, in order to combat the degradation of yellow tang populations on the west coast of Hawaii Island, fish replenishment areas (FRAs) were established prohibiting aquarium fishing along more than thirty percent of the coastline. Unlike other marine management approaches in Hawaii, which have largely been controversial, fraught with confusion over regulations, inadequately enforced, and lacking public support, these FRAs have been lauded as a marine conservation success, with wide-ranging support and evidence of rapid replenishment of the yellow tang population. In order to better understand the contextual factors contributing to the success of the West Hawaii FRAs, this research explores the following questions: (1) What factors documented in the literature on marine protected areas (MPAs) have been demonstrated to contribute to or inhibit MPA success internationally; (2) which of these factors do the FRAs of West Hawaii exhibit; and (3) are there additional factors that may have contributed to their wide acceptance and success? Common factors contributing to MPA success are determined through a synthesis of the literature. These include: level of community engagement, socioeconomic characteristics, ecological factors, MPA design, governance, and enforcement. The outcomes of West Hawaii′s FRAs are examined in the context of these factors. While the common factors agreed upon in the literature were key to the success of the FRAs, additional contextual factors such as the unique nature of the aquarium fishery and its social marginalization also played a vital role.
That's Not Funny: Understanding Recipients' Responses to Teasing.

This study examines factors that influence recipients' responses to being teased. We analyzed the effect of tease topics, recipients' perceptions of the teaser's intent, and cues used by the recipients to determine intent. Participants reported they were the recipients of six types of teases: (1) things said, (2) appearance, (3) romance/sex, (4) abilities, (5) teasing, and (6) identity. Respondents indicated that they relied upon four different cues to determine the teaser's intent: (1) background knowledge, (2) context, (3) paralinguistics, and (4) self. Global analysis revealed a three‐way interaction between cue, perception, and response. Local significance tests suggested that background cues contributed the most to this interaction and that negative and neutral responses had the largest effects. Specifically, respondents were more likely to perceive humorous intent overall, and they were more likely to respond positively when they ascribed humorous intent. However, when participants perceived serious...
Citizen Coke: An Environmental and Political History of the Coca-Cola Company

Blending business and environmental history, Citizen Coke seeks to answer a simple question: how did the Coca-Cola Company acquire the natural resources it needed to become one of the most ubiquitous branded items of commercial trade in the twentieth century? The dissertation shows how Coke satiated its ecological appetite by depending on state institutions and private sector partners that built infrastructure Coke required to extract, at low cost, raw materials for its beverage products. Not just a story of one soda company, Citizen Coke chronicles the making of Coca-Cola capitalism, a new strategy for accumulating profits first introduced in the Gilded Age that involved scavenging natural capital abundance generated by vertically integrated industrial empires, agribusinesses, and government-run utilities.
Search for the Sialic Acid‐Independent Receptor on Red Blood Cells for Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

Background and Objectives: Plasmodium falciparum uses multiple red blood cell (RBC) receptors and parasite ligands to invade RBCs. One pathway uses a sialic acid–
Sediment storage and severity of contamination in a shallow reservoir affected by historical lead and zinc mining

A combination of sediment-thickness measurement and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sediment storage and severity of contamination in Empire Lake (Kansas), a shallow reservoir affected by historical Pb and Zn mining. Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the contaminated bottom sediment typically exceeded baseline concentrations by at least an order of magnitude. Moreover, the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn typically far exceeded probable-effects guidelines, which represent the concentrations above which toxic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Despite a pre-1954 decrease in sediment concentrations likely related to the end of major mining activity upstream by about 1920, concentrations have remained relatively stable and persistently greater than the probable-effects guidelines for at least the last 50 years. Cesium-137 evidence from sediment cores indicated that most of the bottom sediment in the reservoir was deposited prior to 1954. Thus, the ability of the reservoir to store the contaminated sediment has declined over time. Because of the limited storage capacity, Empire Lake likely is a net source of contaminated sediment during high-inflow periods. The contaminated sediment that passes through, or originates from, Empire Lake will be deposited in downstream environments likely as far as Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees (Oklahoma).
Cross-Dependent Volatility

We propose a general framework for pricing and hedging derivatives in cross-dependent volatility (CDV) models, i.e., multi-asset models in which the volatility of each asset is a function of not only its current or past levels, but also those of the other assets. For instance, CDV models can capture that stock volatilities are driven by an index level, or recent index returns. We explain how to build all the CDV models that are calibrated to all the asset smiles, solving in particular the longstanding smiles calibration problem for the 'cross-aware' multidimensional local volatility model. CDV models are rich enough to be simultaneously calibrated to other instruments, such as basket smiles, and we show that the model can fit a basket smile either by means of a correlation skew, like in the classical 'cross-blind' multi-asset local volatility model, or using only the cross-dependency of volatilities itself, in a correlation-skew-free model, thus proving that steep basket skews are not necessarily a sign of correlation skew. We can even calibrate CDV models to basket smiles using correlation skews that are opposite to the ones generated by the classical cross-blind models, e.g., calibrate to large negative index skews while requiring that stocks are less correlated when the market is down. All the calibration procedures use the particle method; the calibration of the implied 'local in basket' CDV uses a novel fixed-point particle method. Numerical results in the case of the FX smile triangle problem illustrate our results and the capabilities of CDV models.
[Chemotherapy is better than its reputation: important developments within the last decades].

Die Angst der Patienten vor Nebenwirkungen der Chemotherapie wie Ubelkeit, Erbrechen und erhohte Infektanfalligkeit ist immer noch sehr gros. Doch Fortschritte der Supportivtherapie haben beeindruckende Verbesserungen gebracht. Wie vertraglich die Chemotherapie heute ist und welche Fortschritte es bei der Behandlung gibt, schildert der nachfolgende Beitrag.
Robust control under parametric uncertainty. Part II: design

Chapter 4 presented some fundamental results that are aids in analysing the behaviour of control systems subject to real parameter uncertainty. This chapter illustrates the application of these results to design by: (a) showing how classical design techniques can be robustified, by using these results and (b) developing a new linear programming approach to controller design that exploits these results. These examples should suggest to the reader how to formulate other design questions that take advantage of the fundamental results in real parametric robust control theory (RPRCT). The design of control systems is an art that should combine practical experience, analytical results and computational capabilities blended with imagination and control expertise to produce efficient systems. In this process the role of the analytical computations is to supply ready answers to various questions that the designer may pose. A typical design procedure may involve iterative loops within which the analytical calculations are embedded. In the following sections it shows how the theory described in Chapter 4 can be employed in this fashion.
Effects of Geometric Parameters on the Sound Transmission Characteristic of Bulb Seals

Sound transmission through door and window sealing systems is one important contributor to vehicle interior noise. The noise generation mechanism involves the vibration of the seal due to the unsteady wall pressures associated with the turbulent flow over the vehicle. For bulb seals, sound transmission through the seal is governed by the resonance of the seal membranes and the air cavity within the bulb (the so-called mass-air-mass resonance). The objective of this study was to develop a finite element (FE) model to predict the sound transmission loss of elastomeric bulb seals. The model was then exercized to perform a parametric study of the influence of seveal seal design parameters. The results suggest that the sound transmission loss increases as the membrane thicknesses and/or the separation distance between the two seal walls are increased. The addition of additional internal "webs" was found to have adverse effects on the sound barrier performance.
Congressional Obstruction and the 'Black Agenda': Why Obama's Critics are Letting Congress Off the Hook and Shortchanging the Development of Effective Political Activism

The election of Barack Obama to the White House gave many African Americans hope that a new era of equal rights and economic opportunities would come to fruition under his administration. Despite Obama’s reelection and personal popularity among the African-American electorate, many African American scholars and political activists have persistently voiced their disappointment and eroding support for the President by arguing that he has not put forward a political agenda specific to the needs of the black community. However, to date it appears that these critics have not published an explanation of how Congressional obstruction in the House and Senate, as well as Democratic Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid’s failure to negotiate filibuster reform prevents the President from successfully navigating any legislation in Congress as well as and judicial and executive nominations that, if passed, would support the infrastructure needed to promote social reform for all underrepresented and vulnerable Americans. In this paper, I will explain that while there are numerous legitimate issues of concern for the black community, the insistence of a presidential or Congressional black agenda is a political non-starter. I will also argue that the failure to explain the complexities related to Congressional obstruction is promoting a disservice and undermining the capacity of community activists and political allies from engaging in collaborative political action with constituencies with similar concerns to put forth an agenda that can accomplish much needed social change. The insistence of a black agenda also undermines the opportunity to strengthen African American electoral turnout in party primaries, mid-term elections, and state and local elections. It also weakens the focus on other pipelines that allow politicians to come to Congress with the intent of rolling back social and political development for all people of color. The African American community can achieve many of their goals by supporting a political agenda that benefits their community by engaging in effective collective action for vulnerable low and middle-income voters who need banking and housing reform, immigration reform, stronger employment rights, as well as increased protection for the rights of women.
Low arterial pressure in awake rabbits without carotid sinus and aortic nerves.

SummaryArterial pressure records from awake, sinoaortic denervated, normal or experimental renal hypertensive rabbits showed frequent, large pressure falls, average 40 to 50 mm Hg for 10 to 25 seconds. They usually resulted from body movements which, in rabbits were intact moderator nerves, commonly caused a small, brief pressure rise. Additionally, sinoaortic denervated rabbits occasionally had basic mean pressures below predenervated values. These findings supported the concept that, at least in part, the sinoaortic baroreflex system functions to protect against acute episodes of low arterial pressure.
Sit-stand powered mechanical lifts in long-term care and resident quality indicators.

Objective To determine associations between long-term care powered mechanical lift (PML) availability and mobility-related resident outcomes. Methods Long-term care directors of nursing (N = 271) nationwide gave facility information on the PML availability and the lifting policy to which we linked data on mobility-related resident outcomes from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Minimum Data Set Quality Indicators. Results Four of six Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services-derived resident indicators improved with the PML number but were maximal for the sit-stand lift use. In facilities with the fewest lifts, 16% of residents had pressure ulcers and 4% were bedfast. In facilities with the maximum number of lifts, only 10% had pressure ulcers (P = 0.000) and 2% were bedfast (P = 0.002). Although falls were more frequent with more lift use, this risk was blunted by a comprehensive safe lift program. Conclusion The PML availability is associated with benefits to resident outcomes, and accompanying risks are mitigated by safe lift policies.
Response of adult rat testes sex accessories and adrenals to injections of prolactin

The parathyroid hormone (parathormone) effectively increases the serum calcium level in normal, hypophysectomized and in thyroidectomized pigeons. Pigeons are therefore to be added to the few species now known to be suitable for use in studies which seek to identify the particular anterior pituitary hormone which stimulates the parathyroids. The parathormone preparation used contained something which led to increased blood sugar values in 5 of 6 tests made on normal pigeons.
Abstract 1749: Cell cycle requirements shape ovarian cancer progression.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and subsequent recurrence of drug-resistant cancer are serious challenges associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. Most high-grade tumors initially respond well to the combination of platinum and taxane-based agents but recur as platinum-resistant disease, which is incurable. In addition, a subset of primary tumors, including CCNE1-amplified tumors, are inherently less susceptible to standard chemotherapy. Studies by The Cancer Genome Atlas have revealed that CCNE1 (cyclin E) amplification is mutually exclusive with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, which render ovarian cancer cells sensitive to DNA-damaging agents and PARP inhibitors, as a result of synthetic lethality. In order to develop a similar therapeutic concept for CCNE1-amplified cancers, we have studied responses and resistance mechanisms of human ovarian cancer cells to several pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Functional and biochemical studies have established cyclin E as an activator of CDK, which phosphorylate the RB tumor suppressor. However, despite the functional importance of the RB pathway in cancer, CDK inhibitors (CDKi) have yet to make a significant impact on the management of solid tumors. Here, we describe oncogenic pathways that are activated in CDKi-resistant cells and play critical roles in tumor progression and drug resistance. Targeting individual CDK or subsets of multiple CDK in vitro and in vivo, we found that cyclin E dependence was the main driving force that shaped tumor progression in different model systems of CCNE1-amplified and recurrent ovarian cancer. We identified robust and specific compensatory mechanisms that sustain cyclin E-associated activity in CDKi-resistant cells via activation of oncogenic signaling upstream of the cyclin E-RB-E2F axis. Specific targeting of cooperating oncogenes increased CDKi efficacy and prevented the outgrowth of CDKi-resistant cancer cells. Collectively, our results suggest that CDKi can be highly effective elements of combination therapy. Citation Format: Barbie Taylor-Harding, Hasmik Agadjanian, Sandra Orsulic, Christine Walsh, Beth Y. Karlan, Wolf-Ruprecht Wiedemeyer. Cell cycle requirements shape ovarian cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1749. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1749