cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear phases and alternation of generations in the Chlorophyceae

Among the major advances in our knowledge of the algae during the past quarter-century have been the investigations respecting the question of an alternation of generations and the alternation of the number of chromosomes involved therein. This increased knowledge has been acquired through a study of the algae in controlled cultures and by means of cytological investigations to determine the points in the life-cycle at which there is a doubling and a halving of the number of chromosomes. The results show that even within the limits of a class there is always more than one type of life-cycle. Among the brown algae (Phaeophyceae), all but the Fucales have a life-cycle in which a haploid sexual generation (gametophyte) alternates with a diploid asexual generation (sporophyte). When the cycle involves a gametophyte and a sporophyte, the two may be identical in form and structure, or they may be dissimilar (36). The life-cycle may be one in which there is an obligatory alternation of gametophyte and sporophyte; or the cycle may be one in which alternation is not obligatory and where there may be reduplication of either generation. Among the Florideae, which include about 375 of the 400 or more genera referred to the red algae (Rhodophyceae), there is always a free-living haploid sexual generation. It may or may not alternate with a free-living diploid asexual generation-the tetrasporophyte. Species with a tetrasporophytic generation always have one which is similar in form and structure to the gametophyte (17). A theoretically simpler type of life-cycle than that found in either the Phaeophyceae or Rhodophyceae is that in which there is an alternation of a one-celled uninucleate haploid phase with a onecelled uninucleate diploid phase. In such a life-cycle the protoplast of the haploid cell divides to form gametes, and these fuse in pairs to form a single cell (zygote) with a diploid nucleus. This is followed by a meiotic division of the diploid nucleus and a division of the zygote's protoplast into a new set of haploid cells. 132
Field Performance of Three Stock Sizes of Douglas-fir Container Seedlings Grown with Slow-release Fertilizer in the Nursery Growing Medium

Containerized coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown with conventional soluble fertilizer and supplemented with one of four slow-release fertilizers (SRF treatments) or unsupplemented (control treatment). Seedlings were outplanted to two sites in 1998. At the time of outplanting, SRF incorporated into the growing medium resulted in larger seedlings with higher foliar nutrient concentrations as compared to conventionally fertilized seedlings. After four growing seasons, SRF-amended seedlings at both sites had significantly greater height, basal stem diameter, and stem volume, with increases up to 19, 21, and 73%, respectively, as compared to conventionally fertilized seedlings. Additionally, three stock sizes were compared at one of the sites. Increasing stock size resulted in increased growth during the first two seasons, enabling larger stock to maintain their size advantage. Seedling responses to SRF are attributed to larger initial size, increased internal nutrient reserves at planting, and continued fertilization after planting.
Periscapular amputation as treatment for brachial plexopathy secondary to recurrent breast carcinoma: A case series and review of the literature

Abstract Aims Recurrent breast carcinoma with brachial plexus involvement is often misinterpreted as a radiation- or chemotherapy-induced brachial plexopathy. We review a case series of 4 patients at our institution within a 1-year period, and describe their diagnostic workup and treatment with a palliative periscapular amputation. Our aim is to describe this entity, indications and benefits of this procedure, when required for progressive disease, with the goal of raising a collective index of suspicion to aid in earlier diagnosis. Methods Four patients with recurrent axillary breast cancer and symptoms consistent with a brachial plexopathy were prospectively collected over a 1-year period. A Pubmed search was conducted; pertinent articles were reviewed and reported. Results Patients presented with intractable pain and flaccid paralysis of the ipsilateral limb. All had been previously treated with surgical resection, axillary lymph node dissection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Average time from breast surgery to presentation was 78.75 months (range 11–216 months.) Workup included MRI and biopsy to confirm recurrence. Periscapular amputation was performed for each patient, all of who experienced subjective pain relief postoperatively. Three of the 4 patients are still living; one patient died of disease. Conclusion Breast cancer survivors presenting with a brachial plexopathy should raise suspicion for recurrent disease. Close evaluation with MRI is the best first step in diagnosis. Although periscapular amputation is an aggressive surgical treatment, it is an acceptable option when disease has progressed to neurovascular involvement and a functionless limb.
Prepancreatic Portal Vein in a Patient with Intestinal Nonrotation: Report of a Case

Prepancreatic portal vein is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. It is even rarer in the setting of intestinal nonrotation. We report a case of prepancreatic portal vein in a 71-year-old female with nonrotation who presented with a pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the tail of the pancreas who underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. This anomaly was identified prior to surgery on CT scan of the abdomen.
Computational study of many-dimensional quantum energy flow: From action diffusion to localization.

Many-dimensional quantum calculations of energy flow are presented, revealing dynamical scaling in agreement with theoretical predictions. A model system of coupled anharmonic oscillators which undergoes a localization transition as a function of coupling strength was studied. For strong coupling, action diffusion is clearly seen. For near critical coupling, the average survival probability varies inversely with time but shows no simple relationship to the average extent of the spread of the wave function in action space.
Effects of cortisone acetate upon the distribution and excretion of radioyttrium.

HORMONE treatments have influenced to varying degrees the distribution and excretion of heavy radioactive metals in animals. Parathormone altered radiostrontium distribution1, but it had no apparent effect on internally deposited radioisotopes of cerium, plutonium or yttrium2,3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone did not alter the deposition and excretion of radioactive beryllium in rats4. The results of the present study suggest that cortisone, an adrenal steroid the production of which is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone, may influence the distribution of radioyttrium in rat tissues.
Predictors of delay in presentation to the ED in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes

Delays in seeking medical attention for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) preclude early application of life-saving treatment and diminish efficacy. Previous studies suggest 3-hour delays between onset of symptoms and ED arrival in patients with typical presentations of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A prospective observational study was conducted in an urban ED measuring lag time (LT) among adults presenting within 48 hours of onset of symptoms suggestive of ACS. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed on 5 predictors: age, sex, symptoms at presentation, and 2 different outcomes (AMI and ACS). Three hundred seventy-four patients were enrolled. Mean age was 63 years with 38% 70 years or older. Seventy-three percent of all patients with suspected ACS presented with chest pain, 27% with atypical symptoms. Overall mean LT was 8.7 hours (standard deviation 11). In subgroup analysis, patients aged >/=70 years were more likely to have LTs >12 hours (29% vs. 19% P =.043) and patients without chest pain had longer mean LTs (11.6 vs. 7.6 hours, P =.01). Delay in ED presentation is group specific. Advanced age and patients with atypical symptoms are predictive of longer LTs. Contrary to previously published data, patients with symptoms suspicious for ACS can delay an average of 9 hours, which might alter current thinking in the prevention and care of these patients.
MIMO beam-forming with neural network channel prediction trained by a novel PSO-EA-DEPSO algorithm

A new hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), evolutionary algorithm (EA), and differential evolution (DE) is presented for training a recurrent neural network (RNN) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel prediction. The hybrid algorithm is shown to be superior in performance to PSO and differential evolution PSO (DEPSO) for different channel environments. The received signal-to-noise ratio is derived for un-coded and beam-forming MIMO systems to see how the RNN error affects the performance. This error is shown to deteriorate the accuracy of the weak singular modes, making beam-forming more desirable. Bit error rate simulations are performed to validate these results.
Paraoistosomum novaeguineae n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea) from a New Guinea crocodile: a surprising relative of the enigmatic Oistosomum caduceus Odhner, 1902.

abstract: Paraoistosomum novaeguineae n. gen., n. sp. is described based on specimens from the kidneys of a New Guinea crocodile Crocodylus novaeguineae collected in Papua New Guinea. The body shape and the topology of most internal organs of the new species are strongly reminiscent of Oistosomum caduceus Odhner 1902, the sole member of Oistosomum, a genus of unclear phylogenetic relationships and systematic position described from the Nile crocodile in Sudan in 1902 and never reported since then. At the same time, the new species has a number of significant differences from Oistosomum caduceus. Among them are much shorter intestinal ceca, a relatively larger ventral sucker, ovary anterolateral to ventral sucker (posterolateral in O. caduceus), vitellaria arranged in 2 clusters of loosely organized follicles at the level of ventral sucker (2 narrow long lateral fields in O. caduceus), much longer esophagus, and other characters. Most importantly, the new species has the genital pore situated at the anter...
Stereocontrolled carbotitanation of alkynylsilanes

Abstract Carbometalation of alkynylsilanes with 1 1 titanocene dichloride/dialkylaluminum chloride is stereospecifically cis. The alkenyltitanium intermediate can be stereospecifically protonated by aqueous sodium hydroxide or iodinated. Addition of any Lewis base to the alkenyltitanium intermediate induces decomposition of this intermediate to give an alkene by hydrogen atom abstraction from the medium, with loss of stereochemistry.
The store-load address table and speculative register promotion

Register promotion is an optimization that allocates a value to a register for a region of its lifetime where it is provably not aliased. Conventional compiler analysis cannot always prove that a value is free of aliases, and thus promotion cannot always be applied. This paper proposes a new hardware structure, the store-load address table (SLAT), which watches both load and store instructions to see if they conflict with entries loaded into the SLAT by explicit software mapping instructions. One use of the SLAT is to allow values to be promoted to registers when they cannot be proven to be promotable by conventional compiler analysis. We call this new optimization speculative register promotion. Using this technique, a value can be promoted to a register and aliased loads and stores to that value's home memory location are caught and the proper fixup is performed. This paper will: a) describe the SLAT hardware and software; b) demonstrate that conventional register promotion is often inhibited by static compiler analysis; c) describe the speculative register promotion optimization; and d) quantify the performance increases possible when a SLAT is used. Our results show that for certain benchmarks, up to 35% of loads and 15% of stores can potentially be eliminated by using the SLAT.
A Value Stream Approach For Greening The IT Department

In this paper, we consider the application of Green Value Stream Mapping for greening the information technology functional area of organizations. We advocate the use of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) processes to consider value stream maps for both the manufacturing side of the IT department as well as its service delivery arm. In addition, we present steps to be taken by the IT department to eliminate waste in each of seven green waste areas and consider the impact of new technologies for greening the IT department.
Increased susceptibility of Stat4-deficient and enhanced resistance in Stat6-deficient mice to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi.

Although Th1-type responses tend to be associated with resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection, mixed Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses are generally observed in both resistant and susceptible mice. To help clarify the role of type 1 and type 2 cytokine responses in immunity to T. cruzi, mice with induced deficiencies in the Stat4 or Stat6 genes were infected with T. cruzi . As expected, Stat4 − /− mice deficient in type 1 cytokine responses were highly susceptible to infection, exhibiting increased parasitemia levels relative to wild-type mice and 100% mortality. In contrast, parasitemia levels and survival in Stat6-deficient mice were not different from wild type. The type 1 and type 2 cytokine bias of Stat6- and Stat4-deficient mice, respectively, was confirmed by in situ immunocytochemical analysis of cytokine-producing cells in the tissues of infected mice and by subclass analysis of anti- T. cruzi serum Abs. Notably, both Stat4- and Stat6-deficient mice produced substantial amounts of anti- T. cruzi Abs. Tissues from chronically infected Stat6-deficient mice had little to no evidence of inflammation in the heart and skeletal muscle in contrast to wild-type mice, which exhibited substantial inflammation. In situ PCR analysis of these tissues provided evidence of the persistence of T. cruzi in wild-type mice, but no evidence of parasite persistence in Stat6-deficient mice. These data suggest that type 1 T cells are required for the development of immune control to T. cruzi , but that type 2 T cells contribute to parasite persistence and increased severity of disease.
Trial design for evaluation of novel targeted therapies

Abstract Objectives The vast number of novel targeted therapies available for testing in the United States dictates that a more efficient system aimed at identifying promising agents for phase III testing needs to be developed. Alternatives to traditional phase II trial design including alternative end points, randomized designs, biomarkers, and imaging tools are discussed. Methods Novel techniques for phase II trials were researched in the literature. Incorporation of surrogate endpoints and novel approaches were identified. Results Phase II trials are traditionally designed evaluating response rates compared to historical controls. In addition to identifying surrogates, novel approaches to phase II study design need to be tested. Incorporation of biomarkers into phase II trial design could allow for more accurate identification of patients who will benefit from targeted therapies. Tumor response as measured by anatomic imaging has been used to measure therapeutic efficacy in the era of cytotoxic drugs. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) however, has been used increasingly in the evaluation of biologic responses. Conclusions Alternatives to traditional phase II trial design including alternative end points, randomized designs, biomarkers, and imaging tools should allow ineffective agents to be discarded and promising agents to undergo further investigation.
Characterization of talker radiation pattern using a microphone array

A microphone array has the capability of capturing the properties of a significant portion of a talker's radiation pattern. In this paper, potential implications of measuring the radiation pattern of a talker for the recognition and enhancement of speech are discussed. Current applications of microphone arrays entail their installation in small enclosures such as a conference room or an automobile, typically placing a talker in the array's near field. Fitting a nominal acoustic model to a sparse sampling of the radiation pattern yields parameter estimates which should prove useful as features for speech recognition. Parameter-estimation results using fixed-radius sources (loudspeakers) are presented. Other considerations unique to placement of a talker in close proximity to an array are discussed. >
Multifunctional Dendrimers Incorporating Diphenylaminopolyenylic Chromophores

We have previously shown that diphenylpolyenes incorporating diphenylamino donor substituents form exceptionally stable bipolaronic dications in solution, even at the bis-(diphenylamino)-E-stilbene level, whereas most previously known polyenylic bipolarons were unstable at lengths shorter than the tetraene1. Most recently we have also demonstrated that replacement of one of the diphenylamino substituents in the stilbene substrate with a N-(hydroxyethyl), N-ethylaminophenyl group yields a functionalized polyene that can easily be attached to PMMA as a pendant group, or to 3,5-dihydroxy-benzyl alcohol to form reactive dendrons2. These functionalized materials also form extremely stable bipolarons and are intensely fluorescent. In this presentation we will discuss the formation of G-0 dendrimers incorporating a series of polyenes related to the stilbene structure, and possible photonic applications.
A survey of American College of Surgery fellows evaluating their use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the placement of subcutaneously implanted central venous access ports

Abstract Background Currently, there is no standard of care for prophylactic antibiotics (PABX) at the time of placement of fully implanted central venous access ports (CVAPs). A survey of fellows of the American College of Surgeons was undertaken to determine the current practice pattern of PABX in CVAP placement. Methods A survey was mailed to 5,000 fellows of the American College of Surgeons. Results The response rate was 21.7%, with 73.1% of respondents nonacademic surgeons. PABX were given by 88.2% of the respondents. Of those who did not use PABX, the primary reasons were “not justified” or “not standard of care.” General comments regarding reasons for use of PABX included “medicolegal,” “required by hospital,” and “liability.” Conclusions In this survey, the overwhelming majority of responding American College of Surgeons fellows indicated that they use preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for CVAP placement, despite there being no accepted standard of care or definitive evidence regarding PABX use for fully implanted CVAPs.
Neuroradiology Critical Findings Lists: Survey of Neuroradiology Training Programs

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Joint Commission has identified timely reporting of critical results as one of the National Patient Safety Goals. We surveyed directors of neuroradiology fellowships to assess and compare critical findings lists across programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3-question survey was e-mailed to directors of neuroradiology fellowships with the following questions: 1) Do you currently have a “critical findings” list that you abide by in your neuroradiology division? 2) How is that list distributed to your residents and fellows for implementation, if at all? and 3) Was this list vetted by neurology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology departments? Programs with CF lists were asked for a copy of the list. Summary and comparative statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-one of 89 (57.3%) programs responded. Twenty-one of 51 (41.2%) programs had CF lists. Lists were distributed during orientation, sent via Web sites and e-mails, and posted in work areas. Eleven of 21 lists were developed internally, and 5 of 21, with the input from other departments. The origin of 5 of 21 lists was unknown. Forty CF entities were seen in 20 submitted lists (mean, 9.1; range, 2–23). The most frequent entities were the following: cerebral hemorrhage (18 of 20 lists), acute stroke (15 of 20), spinal cord compression (15 of 20), brain herniation (12 of 20), and spinal fracture/instability (12 of 20). Programs with no CF lists called clinicians on the basis of “common sense” and “clinical judgment.” CONCLUSIONS: Less than a half (41.2%) of directors of neuroradiology fellowships that responded have implemented CF lists. CF lists have variable length and content and are predominantly developed by radiology departments without external input.
Impact of left ventricular outflow tract area on systolic outflow velocity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic study

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to use real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) to investigate the quantitative relation between minimal left ventricular (LV) outflow tract area (ALVOT) and maximal LV outflow tract (LVOT) velocity in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM). Background In patients with HCM, LVOT velocity should change inversely with minimal ALVOTunless LVOT obstruction reduces the pumping capacity of the ventricle. Methods A total of 25 patients with HCM with systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve leaflets underwent real-time 3DE. The smallest ALVOTduring systole was measured using anatomically oriented two-dimensional “C-planes” within the pyramidal 3DE volume. Maximal velocity across LVOT was evaluated by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2DE). For comparison with 3DE ALVOT, the SAM-septal distance was determined by 2DE. Results Real-time 3DE provided unique information about the dynamic SAM-septal relation during systole, with ALVOTranging from 0.6 to 5.2 cm2(mean: 2.2 ± 1.4 cm2). Maximal velocity (v) correlated inversely with ALVOT(v = 496 ALVOT−0.80, r = −0.95, p Conclusions Three-dimensional echocardiography-measured ALVOTprovides an assessment of HCM geometry that is superior to 2DE methods. These data indicate that the peak LVOT flow rate appears to be significantly decreased by reduced ALVOT. Real-time 3DE is a potentially valuable clinical tool for assessing patients with HCM.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in a Patient with Common Variable Immune Deficiency

Introduction Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a large heterogeneous group of antibody-deficiency syndromes associated with a wide range of clinical features and a lack of defined causes in the realm of primary immunodeficiencies. Here, we present a case of CVID in a 62-year-old white male patient with a history of longstanding complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).
A New FSU Winds Climatology

Abstract A new objective time series of in situ–based monthly surface winds has been developed as a replacement for the subjective tropical Pacific Florida State University (FSU) winds. The new time series begins in January 1978, and it is ongoing. The objective method distinguishes between observations from volunteer observing ships (VOSs) and buoys, allowing different weights for these different types of observations. An objective method is used to determine these weights and accounts for the differences in error characteristics and in spatial/temporal sampling. A comparison is made between the objective and subjective products, as well as scatterometer winds averaged monthly on the same grid. The scatterometer fields are a good proxy for truth. These three sets of fields have similar magnitudes, directions, and derivative fields. Both in situ wind products underestimate convergence about the intertropical convergence zone; however, the objective FSU product is a much better match to the scatterometer o...
Air-water partition coefficients of some aldehydes.

The air–water partition coefficients of a series of aldehydes from propanal to decanal in dilute aqueous solution have been measured by gas chromatography. The coefficients did not vary appreciably over the whole series, in contrast to the decreasing vapour pressures of the pure solutes.
The Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist: Development and Initial Validation of a New Social/Emotional Screening Instrument for Very Young Children

Abstract Objective To develop and validate the Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist (BPSC), a brief social/emotional screening instrument for children less than 18 months. The BPSC is modeled after the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) and is part of the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children, a comprehensive, freely available screening instrument designed for use in pediatric primary care. Method BPSC items were developed by a team of experts who reviewed existing assessment instruments and relevant research literature. Scale construction and initial validation were conducted with 205 families from pediatric primary care sites and 54 families from referral clinics. A replication sample of 146 additional families were enrolled from an independent set of primary care practices. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed 3 dimensions of the BPSC: irritability, inflexibility, and difficulty with routines. Factor structure was confirmed in the replication sample. Retest reliability and internal reliability were adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70) across subscales, with the exception of the "irritability" subscale's internal reliability in the replication sample. Construct validity of the "irritability" and the "difficulty with routines" subscales is supported by correlations with the Parenting Stress Index and the Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social/Emotional, but the "inflexibility" subscale seems to be distinct from performance on these instruments. Tests of differential item functioning revealed no significant effects for race/ethnicity, child gender, parent education, or family income. Age-based normative data were calculated for each subscale. Conclusion The BPSC assesses 3 domains of behavior for very young children and shows promise as a social/emotional screening instrument for pediatric primary care.
Feedback control and stabilization experiments on the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT)

Abstract Plasma edge feedback experiments on the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) have been successful in controlling the edge plasma potential fluctuation level. The feedback wave-launcher is driven by the local edge potential fluctuations. The edge potential fluctuations are modified in a broad frequency band. Moreover, the potential fluctuations can be reduced (≤ 100 kHz) without enhancing other modes, or excited (10 to 12 kHz), depending on the phase difference between the driver and the launcher signal, and gain of the system. This turbulence modification is achieved not only locally but also halfway around the torus and has about 2 cm of poloidal extent. The local plasma parameters at the edge and the estimated fluctuation-induced radial particle flux are somewhat affected by the edge feedback.
MDA-7/IL-24: Multifunctional Cancer Killing Cytokine

First identified almost two decades ago as a novel gene differentially expressed in human melanoma cells induced to terminally differentiate, MDA-7/IL-24 has since shown great potential as an anti-cancer gene. MDA-7/IL24, a secreted protein of the IL-10 family, functions as a cytokine at normal physiological levels and is expressed in tissues of the immune system. At supra-physiological levels, MDA-7/IL-24 plays a prominent role in inhibiting tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and was recently shown to target tumor stem/initiating cells for death. Much of the attention focused on MDA-7/IL-24 originated from the fact that it can selectively induce cell death in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Thus, this gene originally shown to be associated with melanoma cell differentiation has now proven to be a multi-functional protein affecting a broad array of cancers. Moreover, MDA-7/IL-24 has proven efficacious in a Phase I/II clinical trial in humans with multiple advanced cancers. As research in the field progresses, we will unravel more of the functions of MDA-7/IL-24 and define novel ways to utilize MDA-7/IL-24 in the treatment of cancer.
A Possible Neurophysiological Basis of Cocaine Craving

AbstractIn an open clinical series, patients seeking treatment for cocaine addiction reported a substantial subjective reduction in cocaine craving associated with carbamazepine treatment. We suggest that cocaine craving may be the behavioral manifestation of kindling, the neuronal supersensitivity induced by cocaine in animal studies. The inherent difficulties in open studies, of subjective phenomena, and reliability of patients with substance abuse disorders, require that caution be observed in applying this preliminary observation to general clinical use.
A Proposal for Universal Nomenclature in Implant Prosthodontics

Abstract Attempts have been made at formulating standardized nomenclature for implantology. Although these classification systems have advanced the concept of universal nomenclature in implantology...
Role of interleukin 6 in fever in rats

The purpose of these studies was to assess whether interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an endogenous pyrogen, responsible for all or part of the fever caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. We have found that the core temperature (as measured by biotelemetry) rose significantly after intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of recombinant human IL-6. The same doses of IL-6, when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally, had no effect on body temperature. The fever caused by icv administration of IL-6 was completely blocked by indomethacin. After injection of fever-inducing doses of LPS, the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 activities rose, the former much more than the latter. The correlation between fever and plasma IL-6 activity was r = 0.84 (P less than 0.0025); the correlation between fever and CSF IL-6 activity was r = 0.77 (P less than 0.015). The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that IL-6 is a mediator of LPS-induced fever in the rat.
Valuation in the Anthropocene: Exploring options for alternative operations of the Glen Canyon Dam

Abstract Amidst debates about what conservation and preservation mean for large coupled human and natural systems, survey-based non-market valuation approaches for eliciting non-use values also may confront the need for re-consideration. For example, proposed operational changes on highly-engineered river systems to implement environmental considerations (e.g., experimental flow regimes in a river stretch) may connect to social disruption and green-vs-green tradeoffs elsewhere in the larger connected system. Non-use value estimates for the same proposed operational changes may be sensitive to the presentation of multiple dimensions of effects in the coupled system, which may be perceived as either positive or negative by different population segments. Using an internet survey mode and a national sample, and essentially replicating a prominent prior contingent valuation study of non-use values (Welsh et al., 1995) [67] as the starting point, we illustrate such considerations within an exploratory setting involving operational changes altering both downstream environmental flows and hydroelectricity production from the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River. We use a referendum-style voting format, and a set of split-sample information treatments including: (i) social disruption impacts to Native American and rural western communities that depend on hydroelectric production; and (ii) hypothetical increases in air pollution by switching to non-renewable fossil fuels in the electric power grid. Empirical results show respondents may make non-use value trade-offs, as preferences for or against operational changes are highly sensitive (e.g., reversing majority support) to information about additional value dimensions, beyond downstream environmental flow impacts.
Seizure-Like Activity Due To a Panic Attack at the Time of Emergence from General Anesthesia: A Case Report

Anxiety and stress are common among surgical patients in the preoperative period. We present the first case report of a panic attack at the time of emergence manifested in prolonged seizure–like activity. The anesthesia provider needs to be aware of symptoms and differential diagnosis in connection with stress in the perioperative period.
Abstract 5211: In vivo fluorescence and spectral microscopy of the effects of aerobic exercise on tumor oxygenation and perfusion in breast cancer

Abnormal tumor angiogenesis leads to inefficient blood flow and inhibited delivery of oxygen, resulting in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In radiation therapy the presence of oxygen is necessary to impart lasting damage to cancer cells, therefore the modulation of tumor hypoxia has been an important focus to improve radiation therapy outcome. While strategies such as hyperbaric chambers and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers or cytotoxins have shown merit, their success in the clinic has been limited. A potential method to increase oxygenation and decrease hypoxia in a tumor mass that is safe and well-tolerated is aerobic exercise. For cancer patients, the benefits of exercise in a palliative setting are well known, however the effects of exercise on tumor microvasculature and blood flow have not been extensively characterized. In vivo microscopy of microvessel function in preclinical models is a useful tool for the study of tumor vascular structure and function. The combination of hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin (Hb) saturation and first-pass fluorescence (FPF) imaging of blood transit time in the murine dorsal skinfold window chamber has been previously used to characterize tumor angiogenesis, wound healing and the response of tumor microvasculature to vascular targeting agents. Hb saturation imaging reveals the oxygenation of blood within microvessels while FPF imaging gives information regarding blood flow and network connections by recording a fluorescent contrast agent as it is injected into circulation. In the present study, this combination imaging technique is used to evaluate the impact of treadmill running on tumor blood flow and microvessel oxygenation in real time. 4T1 mammary tumors were initiated in nude mice bearing titanium window chambers. Once tumors reached a volume of ∼5mm3, mice were subjected to daily treadmill running for 5-7 consecutive days (30 min, 15-18 m/min, 10° incline). As a sedentary control, mice were placed on a stationary treadmill for equivalent periods of time. Combination imaging was performed daily to monitor microvessel oxygenation and blood flow. On the first day of exercise, imaging was performed both before and after animals were exercised. Preliminary results indicate that following one bout of exercise, tumor perfusion is increased, however there was no significant correlation between exercise and tumor microvessel oxygenation. Citation Format: Jennifer A. Lee, Jennifer M. Wiggins, Lori P. Rice, Dietmar W. Siemann. In vivo fluorescence and spectral microscopy of the effects of aerobic exercise on tumor oxygenation and perfusion in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5211
Thoracic meningocele in lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome in a child: possible enlargement with repeated motion by anchoring to the diaphragm

Lumbo-costo-vertebral syndrome (LCVS) is a rare disorder in children that is characterized by hemivertebrae, congenital absence of ribs, meningocele, and hypoplasia of the truncal and abdominal wall presenting as a congenital lumbar hernia. An otherwise healthy 12-month-old girl was referred to the authors' hospital with soft swelling on her left middle back; scoliosis had been present since birth. Imaging revealed a thoracic meningocele, ectopia of the spleen suggesting lumbar hernia, multiple anomalies of the thoracic vertebral columns, and defects of the ribs; thus, LCVS was diagnosed. Surgical observation revealed that the meningocele was firmly anchored to part of the diaphragm, which created stretching tension in the meningocele continuously with exhalation. Once detached, the meningocele shrank spontaneously and never developed again after cauterization. In this case, continuous or pulsatile pressure in the presence of a vertebral defect was thus considered to be an important factor for formation of the thoracic meningocele.
Exploring the role of local heirloom germplasm in expanding western Washington dry bean production

ABSTRACTIncreasing production of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) could contribute to the sustainability of regional agricultural systems. This study in western Washington identified 24 distinct dry bean varieties grown in the region for 20–130 years; varieties originated from diverse geographic areas and were maintained because growers valued the culinary, visual, and agronomic traits as well as history and marketability. Primary barriers to increased production were access to scale-appropriate equipment and drying beans in the field prior to harvest. Locally conserved germplasm may have value in participatory plant breeding projects that recognize the contributions of regional farmers.
Stochastic Price Models and Optimal Tree Cutting: Results for Loblolly Pine

An empirical investigation of stumpage price models and optimal harvest policies is conducted for loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. The stationarity of monthly and quarterly series of sawtimber prices is analyzed using a unit root test. The statistical evidence supports stationary autoregressive models for the monthly series and for the quarterly series of opening month prices. In contrast, the evidence supports a non-stationary random walk model for the quarterly series of average prices. This conflicting result is likely an artifact of price averaging. The properties of these series significantly affect the forms of optimal price-dependent harvest rules and expected returns. Further, the results have implications for conclusions about market efficiency and the performance of a fixed rotation age.
Arteriovenous malformations of the bladder.

AbstractWe report a rare case of a localized arteriovenous malformation of the bladder mimicking a bladder tumor and presenting with gross hematuria. The mass was successfully resected transurethraliy.
“Tun’d to Hymns of Perfect Love”: The Anglican Liturgy as Romantic Object in John Keble’s The Christian Year

John Keble’s The Christian Tear (1827, 3rd edition, with six additional poems, 1828) was the best-selling book of poetry in nineteenth-century England. Keble’s poetic accompaniment to the Anglican liturgical calendar, with a poem for every Sunday, feast day, and special service, went through ninety-five separate editions during Keble’s lifetime, and had sold “half a million copies […] by 1877” (Goodwin475;Nockles 197). According to Kristie Blair, the most perceptive recent critic of Keble, “Almost every literate Victorian household would have possessed at least one copy” (129). The Christian Tear reconfigured Romanticism in terms of orthodox Anglicanism, and in so doing influenced both English poetry and worship for the rest of the century (cf. Tennyson 10–11; Francis 118; Nockles 197; Fraser 5). Keble’s poetry has, however, been largely ignored by literary critics1 and he is remembered more often as an influence on other Anglo-Catholic writers than as a writer in his own regard. I contend that the project of The Christian Tear is, as its title would suggest, nothing short of a socialization of time and nature, a reconstruction of Romanticism on a collective,2 textualist basis.
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rabbit Brain

In response to transient cerebral ischemia there is an increase in microvascular permeability and a corresponding loss of parenchymal function. The increase in vascular permeability can result in vasogenic cerebral edema and subsequent prolonged hypoperfusion of affected CNS regions thereby exacerbating regional cerebral damage (Chan et al. 1984). The mechanisms resulting in the endothelial damage are not well defined. Therefore, to characterize the specific changes in the cerebral circulation during focal ischemia/reperfusion we have developed a model in the rabbit to simultaneously evaluate regional CNS blood flow and microvascular integrity.
Blake and the Evolution of Same-Sex Subjectivity

Blake has much to teach about culturally possible conceptualizations of same-sex relations in the early nineteenth century. In earlier work, I examined what I thought were relatively sympathetic portraits of these relations in some Blake poems and designs.1 I did not, however, focus on what these portrayals implied about subjectivity or about recent theorizations of how homosexual subjectivity evolved— theorizations I think largely wrong. Here I examine implied ideas of same-sex subjectivity in Blake— including an element of self-repression rather than external repression that I did not originally see— and I compare these ideas to recent theorizations by Michel Foucault and his followers, by Stephen O. Murray, and by Randolph Trum- bach. The comparison makes clear that Blake’s implied conceptions were more heterogeneous and more ‘modern’— a term I want to deconstruct - than these theorizations’ rigid periodizations would allow.
Feasibility study of Compton cameras for x-ray fluorescence computed tomography with humans.

X-ray fluorescence imaging is a promising imaging technique able to depict the spatial distributions of low amounts of molecular agents in vivo. Currently, the translation of the technique to preclinical and clinical applications is hindered by long scanning times as objects are scanned with flux-limited narrow pencil beams. The study presents a novel imaging approach combining x-ray fluorescence imaging with Compton imaging. Compton cameras leverage the imaging performance of XFCT and abolish the need for pencil beam excitation. The study examines the potential of this new imaging approach on the base of Monte-Carlo simulations. In the work, it is first presented that the particular option of slice/fan-beam x-ray excitation has advantages in image reconstruction in regard of processing time and image quality compared to traditional volumetric Compton imaging. In a second experiment, the feasibility of the approach for clinical applications with tracer agents made from gold nano-particles is examined in a simulated lung scan scenario. The high energy of characteristic x-ray photons from gold is advantageous for deep tissue penetration and has lower angular blurring in the Compton camera. It is found that Doppler broadening in the first detector stage of the Compton camera adds the largest contribution on the angular blurring; physically limiting the spatial resolution. Following the analysis of the results from the spatial resolution test, resolutions in the order of one centimeter are achievable with the approach in the center of the lung. The concept of Compton imaging allows one to distinguish to some extent between scattered photons and x-ray fluorescent photons based on their difference in emission position. The results predict that molecular sensitivities down to 240 pM l-1 for 5 mm diameter lesions at 15 mGy for 50 nm diameter gold nano-particles are achievable. A 45-fold speed up time for data acquisition compared to traditional pencil beam XFCT could be achieved for lung imaging at the cost of a small sensitivity decrease.
Growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in the presence of lactic acid and at different initial pH values.

Twenty-five milliliters of glucose-yeast-salts medium containing 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% lactic acid with an initial pH of 3.5 or 4.5 were inoculated with 1 ml of a spore suspension containing 106 conidia of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 and incubated at 28°C for 10 d. The pH of the medium, weight of mycelium and aflatoxin production were determined after 3, 7, and 10 d of incubation. Amounts of aflatoxin produced were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cultures grown in the presence of 0.5 and 0.75% lactic acid at an initial pH of 4.5 produced more aflatoxin B1 than did the other cultures at the end of 3 d of incubation. This was not true for aflatoxin G1; with increasing concentrations of lactic acid, cultures produced decreasing amounts of aflatoxin G1. Also, cultures growing in the medium with an initial pH of 3.5 produced more aflatoxin B1 in the presence of lactic acid at the end of 3 d of incubation than did control cultures. Cultures growing in the presence of 0.5 and 0.75% lactic acid produced the most aflatoxin. Maximum amounts of aflatoxin G1 were produced after 7 d of incubation, with cultures growing in the presence of 0.5 and 0.75% lactic acid producing the most. Lactic acid did not inhibit growth (mycelium weight) of cultures in the medium with initial pH values of 3.5 or 4.5 except there was a slight decrease in mycelial weight when the medium contained 0.5% lactic acid and had an initial pH value of 3.5.
Risk stratification in myeloma by detection of circulating plasma cells prior to autologous stem cell transplantation in the novel agent era.

Risk stratification in myeloma by detection of circulating plasma cells prior to autologous stem cell transplantation in the novel agent era
Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding

Many important traits for plant domestication and improvement have resulted from human selection for novel alleles of structural or regulatory genes. In addition to naturally-occurring genetic mutations, novel alleles have been induced in plants by chemical and physical mutagenesis. The goal of mutagenesis is to induce genetic variation in cells that give rise to plants, while minimizing chimeras, sterility and lethality. For several crop species, chemically-mutagenized populations of a few thousand lines were sufficient for finding the desired phenotype. The efficiency of mutation breeding can be improved by screening plants at the genetic level, prior to phenotypic analysis. High-throughput physical methods and, increasingly, next-generation sequencing are being used to identify lines with induced mutations in candidate genes. An alternative approach to increasing the precision of mutation breeding is through gene-specific mutation using engineered nucleases. Allelic diversity in candidate genes, whether induced naturally or experimentally, can be a resource in breeding programs for developing new agricultural traits.