cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite Difference Modelling of Two-Phase Flow Instabilities in Boiling Systems

Previous experimental work in forced convection boiling channels has suggested the presence of both high frequency (density-wave type) and low frequency (pressure-drop type) oscillations. This paper aims to predict the low frequency oscillations in a system using R-11 as the working fluid, working on the hypothesis that the instabilities are “system compressible volume” related. Experimental results shown are obtained from a setup at the University of Miami. The modeling is done for the setup in consideration. The steady state system pressure-drop characteristics are determined by a numerical solution of the governing equations as derived from the Drift-flux models. The transient characteristics of the flow are obtained by perturbing the governing equations around the steady state values obtained. Oscillations were obtained for various heat inputs, flow rates, and exit restriction diameters. Both the steady-state and transient solutions are obtained using an Explicit Finite Difference scheme. Good agreement between the theory and experiments is obtained.
Spacecraft solid state power distribution switch

As a spacecraft performs its mission, various loads are connected to the spacecraft power bus in response to commands from an on board computer, a function called power distribution. For the Mariner Mark II set of planetary missions, the power bus is 30 volts dc and when loads are connected or disconnected, both the bus and power return side must be switched. In addition, the power distribution function must be immune to single point failures and, when power is first applied, all switches must be in a known state. Traditionally, these requirements have been met by electromechanical latching relays. This paper describes a solid state switch which not only satisfies the requirements but incorporates several additional features including soft turn on, programmable current trip point with noise immunity, instantaneous current limiting, and direct telemetry of load currents and switch status. A breadboard of the design has been constructed and some initial test results are included.
Using Qualitative Inquiry to Enhance a Child Neurology Residency

The goal of medical residency programs is to provide educational opportunities to residents to facilitate their transformation into independent and competent health care practitioners. Despite an abundance of quantitative data on resident performance, qualitative data are lacking in published literature. Our study involved a standardized interview with all graduating child neurology residents to better understand their educational experiences during training. Qualitative data analysis resulted in 5 basic themes experienced by all trainees: (1) appreciation for faculty supportiveness, (2) appreciation for faculty receptiveness to feedback, (3) the difficulty of balancing clinical and academic demands during residency, (4) the benefit of structured mentorship and research, and (5) the value of independent and experiential learning. Our findings demonstrate that qualitative inquiry can be used to better understand the educational experience of child neurology residents. The themes identified through this qualitative analysis were useful targets for programmatic quality improvements.
An Empty Frame: Thinking about Art Crime- 'Stealing' Street Art from a Blighted Canvas

In May of 2010 artists from the 555 Gallery and Studios in Detroit went to that city’s abandoned Packard plant and cut away a 1,500 pound piece of wall and removed it to their gallery. That cinder block wall had been used by Banksy to paint a young boy writing “I remember when all this was trees”.These artists had no ownership rights in the painting and yet they removed the work and claimed they were preserving it. This sudden burst of preservation stands in stark contrast to the surrounding complex.
Comparison of Humoral Immunity Indexes of Acute Glomerulonephritis and Nephritic Syndrome in Children

Objective To compare the humoral immunity features of acute glomerulonephritis and nephritic syndrome(NS) in children for earlier differential diagnosis and rational administration.Methods Nephelometry was used to determinate the serum level of immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgA,IgM,C3,C4 in children by England MININEPH machine and correlated reagent. The serum level of IgE was determined by IgE enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),assay ELISA kit of America EELABSINC company. Immunoturbidimetry and westergren method were used to detect anti-streptolysin O(ASO) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),respectively.Results There were significant diffe-rence features of humoral immunity between acute glomerulonephritis and NS in children.IgG,IgA,IgE,C3,C4 had significant difference between acute glomerulonephritis children and healthy children(Pa0.05).IgG,IgM,IgE had significant difference between nephritic syndrome children and healthy children(Pa0.05).IgG,IgA,C3,C4 had significant difference between acute glomerulonephritis and NS children(Pa0.05).IgG,IgA significantly increased, and C3,C4 significantly decreased in acute glomerulonephritis children.The levels of IgG significantly decrease in NS children.ASO and erythrosedimentation levels both significanly increased between acute glomerulonephritis children and healthy children(Pa0.05).Conclusion Serum leve of IgG,IgA,C3,C4 can be used to differentiate atypical acute glomerulonephritis and NS,and diagnose its earlier aid by determinating ASO and erythrosedimentation.
Cultural differences in coping with interpersonal tensions lead to divergent shorter- and longer-term affective consequences.

Culture influences how people cope with interpersonal tensions, with those from more collectivistic contexts (e.g. Chinese Americans (CA)) generally opting for strategies promoting social harmony w...
Using the ecological significance of animal vocalizations to improve inference in acoustic monitoring programs

Recent bioacoustic advances have facilitated large-scale population monitoring for acoustically active species. Animal sounds, however, can of information that is underutilized in typical approaches to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) that treat sounds simply as detections. We developed 3 methods of extracting additional ecological detail from acoustic data that are applicable to a broad range of acoustically active species. We conducted landscape-scale passive acoustic surveys of a declining owl species and an invasive congeneric competitor in California. We then used sex-specific vocalization frequency to inform multistate occupancy models; call rates at occupied sites to characterize interactions with interspecific competitors and assess habitat quality; and a flexible multivariate approach to differentiate individuals based on vocal characteristics. The multistate occupancy models yielded novel estimates of breeding status occupancy rates that were more robust to false detections and captured known habitat associations more consistently than single-state occupancy models agnostic to sex. Call rate was related to the presence of a competitor but not habitat quality and thus could constitute a useful behavioral metric for interactions that are challenging to detect in an occupancy framework. Quantifying multivariate distance between groups of vocalizations provided a novel quantitative means of discriminating individuals with ≥20 vocalizations and a flexible tool for balancing type I and II errors. Therefore, it appears possible to estimate site turnover and demographic rates, rather than just occupancy metrics, in PAM programs. Our methods can be applied individually or in concert and are likely generalizable to many acoustically active species. As such, they are opportunities to improve inferences from PAM data and thus benefit conservation.
Mitochondrial STAT3 regulates antioxidant gene expression through complex I-derived NAD in triple negative breast cancer.

STAT3 is a transcription factor with roles in inflammation and tumorigenicity. A fraction of STAT3 localizes in mitochondria, where it augments tumorigenesis via regulation of mitochondrial functions, including modulation of respiration and redox status. We show a novel mechanism for mitochondrial STAT3 regulation of redox homeostasis in triple negative breast cancer cells. Loss of STAT3 diminished complex I dehydrogenase activity and impaired NAD+ regeneration, leading to impaired expression of glutathione biosynthetic genes and other antioxidant genes. Expressing mitochondrially-restricted STAT3 or replenishment of the cellular NAD pool restored antioxidant gene expression, as did complementation of the NADH dehydrogenase activity by expression of the STAT3-independent yeast dehydrogenase, NDI1. These NAD-regulated processes contributed to malignant phenotypes by promoting clonal cell growth and migration. Proximity interaction and protein pull-down assays identified three components of complex I that associated with mitochondrial STAT3, providing a potential mechanistic basis for how mitochondrial STAT3 affects complex I activity. Our data document a novel mechanism through which mitochondrial STAT3 indirectly controls antioxidant gene regulation through a retrograde NAD+ signal that is modulated by complex I dehydrogenase activity.
Image acquisition and storage

As was explained in Chapter 3, the input for any vision-based sensing system is light intensity. The variation in light intensity over space or time provides information about the environment or product (Zuech and Miller, 1989). This chapter covers the various aspects of acquiring two-dimensional images and storing them for further processing. Although the hardware required to accomplish these tasks has become quite commonplace, the design of the image acquisition system should not be taken lightly. The quality and consistency of the acquired images have a dramatic impact on the level of difficulty that will be encountered in further processing, and many challenging image processing problems can be eliminated or at least minimized by careful detailed design of the image acquisition system.
Quantum belief propagation: An algorithm for thermal quantum systems

We present an accurate numerical algorithm, called quantum belief propagation, for simulation of one-dimensional quantum systems at nonzero temperature. The algorithm exploits the fact that quantum effects are short-range in these systems at nonzero temperature, decaying on a length scale inversely proportional to the temperature. We compare to exact results on a spin-$1∕2$ Heisenberg chain. Even a very modest calculation, requiring diagonalizing only ten-by-ten matrices, reproduces the peak susceptibility with a relative error of less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, while more elaborate calculations further reduce the error.
PEM Fuel Cell Operation at − 20 ° C . I. Electrode and Membrane Water (Charge) Storage

An experimental procedure using isothermal galvanostatic operation was developed to quantify the charge (water) accumulation in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells at subfreezing conditions prior to voltage failure (i.e., zero cell voltage). The charge passed until voltage failure was compared to charge (water) storage estimates in the membrane phase and the cathode electrode void volume. Cryo-scanning electron microscope images of electrodes following voltage failure were used to assess ice filling of the cathode electrode void volume. At very low current densities, the membrane absorbs a maximum of ≈ 14 to ≈15 water molecules/per sulfonate group (λ max ≈ 14-15) and cathode electrode voids are completely ice filled. It is shown that the maximum charge storage of a membrane electrode assembly increases with electrode void volume and the difference between λ max and λ initial . With increasing current densities, decreasing fractions of the maximum charge storage can be utilized, which is shown to be related both to water transport resistances in the membrane phase and to reduced ice filling of the electrode void volume. Experimental results show that the charge storage utilization is mainly controlled by the current density and is less dependant on initial water content or electrode thickness.
Abstract 4396: MicroRNA MIR551B amplified at 3q26.2 locus activate c-KIT expression and causes resistance to anoikis of ovarian cancer cells

Background and Hypothesis The 3q26.2 loci amplification is present in at least 35% of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSEOC). Recently we identified a microRNA, MIR551B located in the 3q26 amplicon. However, the potential role of microRNAs amplified at 3q26 amplicon and their functions in ovarian tumorigenesis has not been studied previously. Thus, our studies have the potential to provide novel mechanism underlying MIR551B oncogenesis in ovarian cancer. Results The 3q26.2 locus is large and structurally complex suggesting that multiple coding genes located in the amplicon could contribute to tumor initiation and progression alone or through cooperative activity. High-resolution SNP-based copy number analysis of 533 high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples demonstrated that MIR551B is highly amplified as a consequence of the 3q26.2 amplicon. Expression analysis in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets showed that amplification of MIR551B is associated with increased expression of maturedmicroRNA miR551b in the recently defined proliferative subtype of ovarian cancer. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) demonstrated that enforced expression of miR551b-5p increased the expression c-KIT oncogene and activated the ERK signaling pathway. Our target search analysis identified a potential novel mechanism whereby miR551b-5p could bind to a target site in the promoter of c-KIT oncogene and increase the transcription of c-Kit mRNA. Strikingly, enforced expression of miR551b-5p induced the survival and proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells detached from extracellular matrix. Of note, miR551b-5p expression in recurrent ovarian tumors are higher than the primary ovarian cancers. Summary Our results show that copy number alterations (CNAs) of MIR551B are associated with increased levels of mature microRNA, miR551b. Mechanistic studies revealed a novel role of microRNA miR-551b-5p to induce transcriptional activation by interacting with the promoter of the c-Kit oncogene, which in turn renders cells resistant to anokis a critical component of the survival and spread of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity. Our results propose the c-KIT transcriptional activation induced by miR551b-5p is a key mechanism of survival of ovarian cancer cells in the ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Citation Format: Pradeep Chaluvally-Raghavan, Fan Zhang, Wenbin Liu, Moss Tyler, Shuangxing Yu, Sunila Pradeep, Prahlad Ram, Yiling Lu, Anil Sood, Gordon Mills. MicroRNA MIR551B amplified at 3q26.2 locus activate c-KIT expression and causes resistance to anoikis of ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4396
ReDEEM: A heterogeneous distributed microarchitecture for energy-efficient reliability

Diminishing energy-efficiency returns and decreasing transistor reliability are casting shadows on semiconductor scaling. Prior research has been addressing processors' energy-efficiency and transistor reliability as orthogonal problems. However, as embedded processors become more powerful and find their way into more diverse applications, both high reliability and energy-efficiency become critical. In this work, we propose ReDEEM, a novel approach to design energy-efficient and reliable microarchitectures. Our proposed solution composes processor pipelines at runtime from redundant but heterogeneous pipeline components. Our pipeline components are loosely coupled and the control logic is decentralized so as to enable fault isolation and thereby eliminate single points of failure. We equip the microarchitecture with the ability to adapt dynamically to varying application phases by constructing energy-efficient pipelines best suited for each phase. In addition, pipeline components have power management capabilities that allow for greater energy efficiency and flexibility. Our experimental evaluation shows that our solution offers up to 60% in energy savings and can operate about 1.8x longer, when subjected to the same fault rate as a state-of-the-art reliable microarchitecture.
Effect of food or proton pump inhibitor treatment on the bioavailability of dacomitinib in healthy volunteers

This phase 1, open-label crossover study evaluated the relative bioavailability of dacomitinib in healthy volunteers under fed and fasted conditions and following coadministration with rabeprazole, a potent acid-reducing proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Twenty-four male subjects received a single dacomitinib 45-mg dose under 3 different conditions separated by washout periods of ≥ 16 days: coadministered with rabeprazole 40 mg under fasting conditions; alone under fasting conditions; and alone after a high-fat, high-calorie meal. Increased peak exposure of 23.7% (90% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-45.2%) was detected with dacomitinib taken after food versus fasting. The adjusted geometric mean ratio (fed/fasted) for area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf ) was 114.2% (90%CI, 104.7%-124.5%) and not considered clinically meaningful. In the fasted state, a decrease in dacomitinib AUCinf was observed following rabeprazole versus dacomitinib alone (PPI+fasted/fasted alone): 71.1% (90%CI, 61.7%-81.8%). Dacomitinib was generally well tolerated. Dacomitinib may be taken with or without food. Use of long-acting acid-reducing agents, such as PPIs with dacomitinib should be avoided if possible. Shorter-acting agents such as antacids and H2-receptor antagonists may have lesser impact on dacomitinib exposure and may be preferable to PPIs if acid reduction is clinically required.
Electrical power technology for the more electric aircraft

The Air Force's More Electric Aircraft (MEA) initiative embraces the concept of utilizing electrical power for driving aircraft subsystems currently powered by hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical means including utility and flight control actuation, environmental control system, lubrication and fuel pumps, and numerous other utility functions. An important part of this initiative is the development and demonstration of electrical power and power electronic components and systems to enhance reliability, fault-tolerance, power density and performance. This paper describes some of the key electrical power and power electronic technologies being pursued by the Air Force to make the concept of a MEA a reality. The paper describes the results or progress to date of Air Force funded MEA programs such as the Power Management and Distribution for the More Electric Aircraft program, Integral Starter Generator program, and MOS Controlled Thyristor program. A brief discussion of future related programs is included. The integration of advanced MEA technologies is expected to increase dramatically aircraft reliability and reduce susceptibility to battle damage. The needs for aircraft maintenance and support are also expected to be reduced along with ground support equipment and maintenance personnel. >
The role of terrestrial radiation in the generation of zonal and eddy available potential energy

Time averaged estimates of the generation of atmospheric zonal and eddy available potential energy by infrared radiation are obtained from 198 radiometersonde flights made at thirteen stations located in the eastern half of the United States and Caribbean Sea area. From the temperature and net radiation data the vertical profiles of temperature and atmospheric cooling are individually estimated by “least squares” approximating polynomials. A polynomial integration technique is developed to obtain the time averaged covariance of the cooling and temperature profiles for each of seven atmospheric layers. The time averaged estimates for each of the seven atmospheric layers are divided into transient, stationary eddy, and stationary zonal components. The results indicate that all are sinks of available potential energy with the estimates for the transient component being — 0.13 watts/m2, the stationary eddy being —0.08 watts/m2, and the stationary zonal being — 1.92 watts/m2. An analysis of the daily values indicates that the transient generation varies considerably from day to day and at times attains large positive or negative values. The range of the transient generation estimates is slightly larger than the range of frictional dissipation estimates within the planetary boundary layer for light and moderate winds. There are pronounced vertical variations in the generation estimates with the extreme values, both positive and negative, occurring in the lower troposphere. This is undoubtedly the result of the varying distribution of cloudiness and water vapor. Because of the large daily variations as well as vertical variations, it appears that additional intensive studies of the generation for local disturbances should be undertaken. The implication of a positive infrared generation by the net heating component on a pressure surface is discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1967.tb01506.x
Features of heat-induced amorphous complex between indomethacin and lidocaine

Abstract We studied temperature-dependent phase changes in the mixture of indomethacin (IM) and lidocaine (LC) in various molar ratios by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC studies were carried out between −40 °C and 180 °C heating/cooling/heating cycle at a rate of 10 °C/min under a nitrogen gas flow. Although LC in the liquid state was crystallized, fused IM showed a glass transition signal upon cooling. Hence, cooling of fused IM caused it to assume the amorphous state below its glass transition temperature. Heating of the mixture of IM and LC resulted in formation of a eutectic mixture between them, and cooling of the fused mixture caused formation of the amorphous state at any molar ratio examined. It is noteworthy that the amorphous solid of the fused complex of IM and LC was in the rubber state and glass state in the mixtures containing IM between 20% and 40%, whereas there was only the glass state in the samples containing 50% IM and higher. In addition, crystallization of LC took place by cooling the fused sample containing 10% IM.
Potential for new medical countermeasures for radiation injury by targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Potential for new medical countermeasures for radiation injury by targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway
THE EXACT SOLUTION OF THE 1-d HUBBARD MODEL

This paper presents a detailed discussion of the Bethe-Ansatz solution of the Hubbard model. The same spin formalism, previously employed for solving the Heisenberg, Kondo, and Backscattering (Gross-Neveu) models, can be applied, leading to a unified picture of the solutions and of the resulting physical consequences such as charge-spin decoupling and the occurrence of spin-1/2 excitations in the spin sector. These consequences are believed to hold in 2-dimensions and have shaped the understanding of high T{sub c} superconductivity within the strong correlation approach. This paper is outlined as follows: The model is transformed to a first quantized language where it describes particles hopping on the lattice interacting via spin exchanges. The author proceeds to construct eigenstates which have Bethe-Ansatz form and demonstrate the consistency of the approach. The imposition of periodic boundary conditions leads to an eigenstate problem in spin space which is solved via the Inverse Scattering method. As a result one obtains a set of coupled algebraic equations whose solutions are labeled by integers playing the roles of quantum numbers. Each label consists of a set of spin quantum number and a set of charge quantum numbers.
Biphasic effects of prostaglandin E2 on bone formation in cultured fetal rat calvariae: interaction with cortisol.

Previous studies have shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the incorporation of proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) in cultured fetal rat calvaria. The present studies were undertaken to analyze further these biphasic effects of PGE2. PGE2 increased [3H]thymidine incorporation at 24 h, and this effect was enhanced in the presence of cortisol (10-8 and 10-7M). An inhibitory effect on CDP labeling was observed at 96 h with PGE2 (10-6 M) in the absence or presence of indomethacin (10-6 M), but not in the presence of cortisol (10-8 or 10-7 M). When the central osteoblast-rich bone and periosteum were analyzed separately, the inhibitory effect of PGE2, with or without indomethacin, was confined to the central bone. Addition of aphidicolin (30 μM), an inhibitor of cell replication, did not prevent the inhibitory effect of PGE2 on CDP labeling. Analysis of labeled collagen by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a decrease in labeling of type I coll...
Observation of the second T= 2 state of 20Ne as a compound resonance in the 19F + p reactions

Abstract The second T = 2 state of the self-conjugate nucleus 20 Ne has been observed as a compound resonance in the isospin-forbidden reactions 19 F(p, p), (p, n), (p, α) and (p, γ) at E p = 5.879±0.005 MeV. The resonance width Γ lab is 10±3 keV. The excitation energy in 20 Ne is 18.427±0.005 MeV in agreement with the value 18.5±0.1 MeV reported by Cerny et al . The state is found to decay through the p 0 , p 1 , P 2 .P 3 , p 4 , p 5 , p 7 , n 0 ,n 1 +n 2 , α 0 , α 1 , α 2 , α 4 , and α 8 channels but not through the α 3 , α 5 , α 6 , α 7 , and α 9 , channels within the limits of observation. The γ-transitions from the state are mainly through the cascade [ E x = 18.427; J π = 2 + ; T = 2] → [12.25; (2) + ; 1] → (1.63; 2 + ; 0] with no observed strength in the transitions γ 0 through γ 5 . Thus, within the present limits of observation no isospin-forbidden ΔT = 2 γ -transition is observed.
The use of enamines in the synthesis of heterocycles

The reaction of the enamine N-styryl pyrrolidine with 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine and 4-amino-6-chloro-5-nitropyrimidine was investigated. Reduction of resultant compounds was followed by spontaneous ring closure to the pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine ring system. This reaction sequence should provide a general method for the preparation of 4,7-disubstituted pyrrolo[3,2-d]-pyrimidines.
IMPROVED DETECTION OF BIFURCATIONS IN LARGE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS VIA THE CONTINUATION OF INVARIANT SUBSPACES ALGORITHM

The Continuation of Invariant Subspaces (CIS) algorithm [Demmel et al., 2001; Dieci & Friedman, 2001] produces a smooth orthogonal similarity transformation to block triangular form of a parameter dependent matrix A(s). The CIS algorithm is an adaptation of an iterative refinement technique for improving the accuracy of computed invariant subspaces. On the basis of the CIS algorithm, new test functions are defined for an improved, more reliable detection of bifurcations in problems with simple bifurcations near multiple bifurcations, problems with multiple bifurcations, and problems with symmetries. Illustrative examples are given.
Load-Bearing Capacity of Functioning Alumina Dental Endosseous Implants

Ten, solid, 99.7% Al 2O3 implants were sur'gically placed bilaterally in the mandibles of Rhesus monkeys and were then placed in function after two to four weeks. After 95 to 179 days, bone blocks were surgically removed. Load-bearing capacity of the six successful implants was determined as the maximum load that did not produce plastic deformation. The average of this value was 57.5 kg. Histological examination showed excellent bone-implant compatibility.
Instructional communication research: A master syllabus for a graduate seminar

(1992). Instructional communication research: A master syllabus for a graduate seminar. Communication Education: Vol. 41, Instructional Communication Research: Focus on the Teacher, pp. 204-214.
Fast-flow signature in the stagnated Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Among the major ice streams that drain West Antarctica, Kamb Ice Stream (formerly called Ice Stream C) is unique in that it stagnated ∼150 yr ago, but its former fast-flow conditions are virtually unknown. Here we presentsurface-based radar profiles of the ice stream's undulating internal stratigraphy, which records these conditions. Our analysis of the profiles indicates that pre-stagnation flow velocities, averaged over a period <740 yr, exceeded 350 m.yr - 1 in the trunk of the ice stream. This velocity constraint would be lower if the ice had been thickening (higher if thinning), but suggests mass loss from the ice-stream catchment that is of sufficient magnitude to reverse the gain estimated for today's Siple Coast region. Analysis of other ice streams would allow comparison of velocities over millennial time scales with observations of present-day velocities, useful for evaluating how West Antarctic ice drainage has evolved.
Nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional steel frames with semi-rigid connections

Abstract With the ultimate aim of improved methods for the realistic limit state design of structures, a method has been developed for incorporating nonlinear connection response in the analysis of three-dimensional steel structures. The method is implemented in an interactive graphics analysis and design program which can model both geometric and material nonlinearities in framed structures. The connection model includes nonlinear moment-rotation response for both major- and minor-axis bending. Standardized models for different types of connections which are calibrated to existing test data and are amenable to design are presented. Application of the method is presented for a realistic case study consisting of a low-rise three-dimensional structure with partially restrained connections.
Purification of highly active cytochrome bc1 complexes from phylogenetically diverse species by a single chromatographic procedure

A method has been developed for purification of highly active ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc1) complexes from wild-type Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus MT1131, bovine heart and yeast mitochondria. This is the first report of the isolation of cytochrome bc1 complex from a wild-type strain of Rb. sphaeroides and from any strain of Rb. capsulatus. The purification involves extraction of membranes with dodecyl maltoside and two successive DEAE column chromatography steps. All of the resulting bc1 complexes are free of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities. The purified bc1 complexes from both photosynthetic bacteria contain four polypeptide subunits, although the molecular weights of some of their subunits differ. They are also free of reaction center and light-harvesting pigments and polypeptides. The turnover number of the Rb. sphaeroides complex is 128 s-1, and that of the Rb. capsulatus complex is 64 s-1. The bc1 complex from bovine heart contains eight polypeptides and has a turnover number of 1152 s-1, while the yeast complex contains nine polypeptides and has a turnover number of 219 s-1. The activities of these complexes are equal to or better than those commonly obtained by previously reported methods. This method of purification is relatively simple, reproducible, and yields cytochrome bc1 complexes which largely retain the turnover number of the starting material and are pure on the basis of optical spectra, enzymatic activities and polypeptide composition. The purification of cytochrome bc1 complexes from energy-transducing membranes which differ markedly in their lipid and protein composition makes it likely that with minor modifications this method could be applied to species other than those described here.
Quasifreestanding multilayer graphene films on the carbon face of SiC

The electronic band structure of as-grown and doped graphene grown on the carbon face of SiC is studied by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, where we observe both rotations between adjacent layers and AB-stacking. The band structure of quasi-freestanding AB-bilayers is directly compared with bilayer graphene grown on the Si-face of SiC to study the impact of the substrate on the electronic properties of epitaxial graphene. Our results show that the C-face films are nearly freestanding from an electronic point of view, due to the rotations between graphene layers.
Impacts of ocean albedo alteration on Arctic sea ice restoration and Northern Hemisphere climate

The Arctic Ocean is expected to transition into a seasonally ice-free state by mid-century, enhancing Arctic warming and leading to substantial ecological and socio-economic challenges across the Arctic region. It has been proposed that artificially increasing high latitude ocean albedo could restore sea ice, but the climate impacts of such a strategy have not been previously explored. Motivated by this, we investigate the impacts of idealized high latitude ocean albedo changes on Arctic sea ice restoration and climate. In our simulated 4xCO_2 climate, imposing surface albedo alterations over the Arctic Ocean leads to partial sea ice recovery and a modest reduction in Arctic warming. With the most extreme ocean albedo changes, imposed over the area 70°–90°N, September sea ice cover stabilizes at ~40% of its preindustrial value (compared to ~3% without imposed albedo modifications). This is accompanied by an annual mean Arctic surface temperature decrease of ~2 °C but no substantial global mean temperature decrease. Imposed albedo changes and sea ice recovery alter climate outside the Arctic region too, affecting precipitation distribution over parts of the continental United States and Northeastern Pacific. For example, following sea ice recovery, wetter and milder winter conditions are present in the Southwest United States while the East Coast experiences cooling. We conclude that although ocean albedo alteration could lead to some sea ice recovery, it does not appear to be an effective way of offsetting the overall effects of CO_2 induced global warming.
Dynamic DoDAF power tools

The executable model for the C2 and Communication Architecture validates the model itself and provides a platform for the collection of performance metrics. In addition we support the lifecycle process by establishing figures of merit and performance for the architecture itself. This saves cost and time to product by directly involving validation and test at the earliest stages of the DoDAF development process. This approach to developing executable models from DoDAF architectures (both SV and OV) is a discriminator in MSI and LSI pursuits and can be applied functionally to other architectures like FEAF and MoDAF. Under a DoD mandate, DoDAFspecifications will become the basis for all information system design in the near future. Although the current DoDAF specification provides an extensive methodology for system architectural development, it is deficient in several related dimensions - absence of integrated modeling and simulation support, especially for model-continuity throughout the development process, and lack of associated testing support. To overcome these deficiencies, we described an approach to support specification of DoDAF architectures within a development environment based on an Extendtrade driven modeling and simulation environment. The result is an enhanced system lifecycle development process that includes model-continuity based development and testing in an integral manner. Future work will involve the linkage of System Architect (Telelogic) to Extendtrade and OPNETreg using the ISight modeling environment.
A 69-year-old man with chronic dizziness

DR PARKER: Mr D is a 69-year-old man troubled by dizziness. He is retired from his job as building superintendent for a public school. He is married, lives in the Boston, Mass, suburbs, and has managed Medicare insurance. Mr D dates the onset of his dizziness to 1994, when the symptoms were predominantly vertiginous. He described the sensation as “everything is moving” and “like I had too much to drink.” These episodes lasted 1 to 2 hours, occurred several times per week, and often came on suddenly, such as when arising in the middle of the night. At that time, use of meclizine hydrochloride seemed to decrease the symptoms. Results of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain at that time were normal. The symptoms seemed to resolve over time, but in 1996, Mr D fell off a ladder from a height of 1.5 m (5 ft) and struck his head, shoulder, and back. In 1997, the symptoms of dizziness recurred, although Mr D then described a sensation of “lightheadedness, as if I will faint.” He complained of a fear of “missing steps” and an “inability to focus.” In 1998, the dizziness became more prominent, with a sensation of “seasickness and having to hold on to the walls.” The episodes lasted for hours to days, were often associated with nausea, and were not necessarily associated with change in position. The dizziness did not respond to meclizine. Mr D’s medical history is notable for peptic ulcer disease, treated with hemigastrectomy and vagotomy, and complicated by pancreatic phlegmon and ultimately diabetes. He has had renal colic, decreased hearing documented by audiometry, and back pain treated with steroid injections and oral medications. He has mild essential hypertension. He quit smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol many years ago. There is no relevant family history. His current medications include oxycodone controlled-release tablets, 40 mg twice daily; gabapentin, 300 mg 8 times daily; atenolol, 50 mg/d; glyburide, 7.5 mg twice daily; and metformin hydrochloride, 500 mg twice daily. Physical examination revealed a well-appearing man with a blood pressure of 140/80 mm Hg and a heart rate of 80/min without orthostatic changes. Findings from a funduscopic examination were normal. There was cerumen in the right ear. Carotid pulses were 2+ without bruits. Neurologic examination was notable for normal cranial nerves, motor function, sensory
Abstract 2200: Identification of GLI1 binding partners that regulate transactivation or cell transformation

Activation of the GLI1 transcription factor and oncogene appears to play a role in the genesis of desmoplastic medulloblastomas, basal cell carcinomas, and some rhabdomyosarcomas. We identified interactions between GLI1 and proteins that enhance the transactivating or cell transforming function of GLI1. Such protein-protein interactions could potentially be targeted in the treatment of some GLI1-related malignancies. We focused on proteins interacting with GLI1 transactivation domains, believing these would be essential for transactivation and cell transformation. Previously, we identified an acidic alpha-helical transcription activation domain (TAD1; aa 1020-1091) at the carboxyl terminus of the GLI1 protein. We show that TAD1 physically interacts with the coactivator TAF9 in vitro by pull down assays and in rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vivo by proximity ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation. Inhibition of this interaction reduces transactivation by GLI1 and the ability of GLI1 to transform RK3E cells. We identify a second GLI1 transactivation domain (TAD2; aa 635-740), which activates reporter gene transcription and accounts for the TAD1-independent cell transforming ability of GLI1. TAD2 contains conserved sequences among GLI1 family proteins, including a CBP binding domain identified in GLI3. However, consistent with in vitro data from others, we could not demonstrate interaction of TAD2 and CBP in rhabdomyosarcoma cells in vivo by proximity ligation assay. To identify TAD2 binding proteins, we performed yeast 2 hybrid screening and identified other transcription factors (Y-Box1, HSF2, RBMX2, and ZMYM2), cytoskeleton-associated proteins and membrane-associated proteins. Based on a previously described GLI1-p53 inhibitory loop that controls stem cell and tumor cell numbers, we demonstrate that p53 down-regulates TAD1 but not TAD2 function. Understanding the mechanism of transactivation and cell transformation by GLI1 can provide novel targeted approaches to inhibit the GLI1 transcription factor in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2200. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2200
Not all bad treatment is psychological maltreatment.

One of the conceptual and definitional issues that has plagued the study of child maltreatment is the relationship between intention and outcome. This paper flows from the finding that the common developmentally destructive element in all forms of child maltreatment is psychological maltreatment, that the study of child abuse and neglect is the study of child maltreatment in a fundamental way. The key is to find a way to embrace the dynamic character of defining "psychological maltreatment," by creating and sustaining a model that locates that dynamic in the conceptual space between science and professional practice on the one hand, and culture and community norms on the other. Language: en
Second-order tilted wave interpretation of the Gouy phase shift under high numerical aperture uniform illumination

The Gouy phase shift in the focus region under high numerical aperture illumination is systematically studied. Analytical expression of the Gouy phase shift is derived using second-order approximation of the tilted wave interpretation combined with vectorial diffraction theory. The analytical expression provides a simple approach to estimate the Gouy shift for both low numerical aperture and high numerical aperture illuminations. Good agreement is obtained between the second-order approximation and vectorial diffraction numerical simulation. It is also shown that the amount of Gouy phase shift through the focus can be tailored by adjusting the geometry of the annular illumination.
Modeling and Test Verification for Hardened Integrated Circuits

Hardened dielectrically isolated integrated circuits are being developed to provide an order of magnitude improvement in radiation response over previous bipolar technology. This paper describes (a) the analytical and experimental techniques used to develop the hardened parts, and (b) comparative analytical and test results obtained thus far in the program. The paper describes how (a) various "element" models were defined for CAD usage, (b) how design tolerances were established for the element models, (c) how circuit design margins were established, (d) experimental techniques and equipment used to validate early designs, and (e) comparative analytical and test results.
Polyglot Application Auto Scaling Service for Platform as a Service Cloud

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud delivery model that provides software services and solution stacks to enable rapid development, deployment, and operations in many languages and run-times (polyglot). These applications require capabilities to rapidly grow and shrink the underlying resources to satisfy their workload needs. Auto scaling is a service that enables dynamic resource allocation and deal location to match application performance needs and service level agreements. In this paper we present the architecture and implementation of a polyglot auto scaling solution for IBM Blue mix PaaS. Our auto scaling service enables users to describe policies and set thresholds for scaling the applications based on CPU, memory and heap usage for applications developed in different languages (Java, Java Script, Ruby, etc). The auto scaling service consists of a set of monitoring agents, monitoring service, scaling service, and a persistence service. The service is developed with sharedmulti-tenancy model and offered as a managed cloud service. An application attached to the auto scaling service is monitored and its resources will be adjusted based on the auto scaling policies of the user and on the system conditions.
Similarity in temporal variation in sex‐biased dispersal over short and long distances in the dark‐eyed junco, Junco hyemalis

Patterns of sex-biased dispersal (SBD) are typically consistent within taxa, for example female-biased in birds and male-biased in mammals, leading to theories about the evolutionary pressures that lead to SBD. However, generalizations about the evolution of sex biases tend to overlook that dispersal is mediated by ecological factors that vary over time. We examined potential temporal variation in between- and within-population dispersal over an 11-year period in a bird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured between-population dispersal patterns using genetic assignment indices and found yearly variation in which sex was more likely to have immigrated. When we measured within-population spatial genetic structure and mark–recapture dispersal distances, we typically found yearly SBD patterns that mirrored between-population dispersal, indicating common eco-evolutionary causes despite expected differences due to the scale of dispersal. However, in years without detectable between-population sex biases, we found genetic similarity between nearby males within our population. This suggests that, in certain circumstances, ecological pressures may act on within-population dispersal without affecting dispersal between populations. Alternatively, current analytical tools may be better able to detect within-population SBD. Future work will investigate potential causes of the observed temporal variation in dispersal patterns and whether they have greater effects on within-population dispersal.
Mechanical Properties Of IR Glasses And Fibers

Fast and slow fracture of chalcogenide and fluoride glasses in air are compared and contrasted to silicate glasses as represented by silica glass. The fracture toughness, elastic modulus and hardness of silicates are, in general, superior to both chalcogenide and fluoride glasses. Thus, improvements are needed in these properties to successfully use these materials in a structural environment. The present and past studies have shown that changes in composition will not be sufficient to improve the desired mechanical property. Thus, some external techniques such as compressive surface stress, coatings, or additions of second phase will have to be employed to improve the strength and hardness of these materials. Slow crack growth due to stress corrosion processes were measured in two ways: direct measurement of crack extension using the double cantilever beam (DCB) technique and the strength-stressing rate (S-SR) technique. The former technique uses large cracks travelling at a constant stress intensity and the latter technique, used for fibers, uses small cracks propagated to failure during loading at a constant stressing rate. Both of these techniques result in a value of the stress corrosion susceptibility constant, n. In general, the higher the "n" the more resistant to stress corrosion. Values of n obtained from bulk glass (DCB) and fibers (S-SR) for chalcogenide glasses were found to be in the same range ( e.g. for As 2 S 3 the values were between 17 & 20) but for fluoride glasses, the values were considerably different. Also, the n values were more dependent on composition than they were for toughness, elastic modulus or hardness. However, for both types of glasses, more data are needed in different environments to fully asses the structural reliability.