cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrinsically directed pruning as a mechanism regulating the elimination of transient collateral pathways.

Abstract In neonatal cats, neurons in frontoparietal areas of the cerebral cortex have axons which branch, some collaterals project transiently to the cerebellum, whereas others project by way of the pyramidal tract to the brainstem and spinal cord and persist into the adult. If cerebrocerebellar collaterals are eliminated simply because they are exuberant, then experimentally removing the collaterals in the pyramidal tract should cause the normally ephemeral projections to the cerebellum to persist. To test this hypothesis, the pyramidal tract was cut unilaterally at the pontomedullary junction in 5–9-postnatal-day-old (PND) cats, and 35–68 days later the frontoparietal cortex ipsilateral to the pyramidotomy was injected with tritiated amino acids. From the end of the lesioned pyramidal tract, labeled axons were traced into pathways that descended aberrantly into the caudal medulla and spinal cord, but there was never any transported label in the cerebellum. In a second series of experiments, the fluorescent dye Fast blue (FB) was injected into the spinal cord (2–5 PND) prior to cutting the contralateral pyramidal tract (9–12 PND) to determine if the pyramidotomy caused the axotomized cortical neurons to die. There were no neurons labeled with FB in the frontoparietal cortex on the side of the pyramidotomy, but many retrogradely labeled neurons were present contralaterally in the cortex, suggesting that the pyramidotomy caused the death of all axotomized cortical neurons. In a final set of experiments, FB was injected into the spinal cord and the cerebellar cortex was ablated (2–3 PND) prior to cutting the pyramidal tract (9–72 PND). Cerebellar decortication results in the persistence of cerebrocerebral projections to the partially deafferented deep nuclei, therefore injections of Nuclear yellow (NY) or Diamidino yellow (DY) were made later (32–86 PND) into the cerebellar nuclei on the side of the decortication to determine if these projections persist in pyramidotomized cats. After pyramidotomies at 9 PND, there were no neurons labeled with fluorescent dyes in the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortex, indicating that the cerebrocerebellar collaterals, even under experimental conditions which normally cause them to persist, could not sustain the axotomized cortical neurons. Pyramidotomies at 24 PND or later did not cause all axotomized neurons to die since neurons labeled with FB were present in the ipsilateral cortex. These findings suggest that during development of corticosubcortical pathways there is a hierarchical ordering of axon collaterials. The collaterals in the pyramidal tract must be considered the cortical neuron's primary collateral since their experimental elimination always results in the death of the parent cell. Cerebrocerebellar collaterals, on the other hand, are secondary and expendable since they are normally eliminated without causing the parent neuron to die.
Effects of Intramuscular Trunk Stimulation on Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Mechanics in 6 Subjects With Spinal Cord Injury

Objective To quantify the effects of stabilizing the paralyzed trunk and pelvis with electrical stimulation on manual wheelchair propulsion.
Remote sensing education with MicroMSI

"Know the Earth... Show the Way", in support of its motto, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) promotes geospatial intelligence awareness and education in the academic community. As a public education initiative, NGA is offering MicroMSI (Microcomputer Multi-Spectral Imagery), a public-domain remote sensing program to the public through the NGA web site at www.nga.mil/micromsi. MicroMSI was developed at the Geospatial Sciences Lab of the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering at the United States Military Academy, partially under a research grant from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NGA predecessor). MicroMSI is a remote sensing imagery analysis program designed for use in introductory courses in remote sensing. Since MicroMSI is a public-domain program, it may be freely redistributed for non-commercial purposes. The program has the following capabilities: 1. Multiple display of multi-spectral imagery including: gray-level, multiband (pseudo-color and derived panchromatic), band-ratioed, band-differenced, thermal, NDVL supervised classification (three algorithms), unsupervised classification, spectral classification, stereo anaglyph and principal component analysis. 2. Image data importing/indexing "wizard" that simplifies the process of accessing new imagery. MicroMSI supports band sequential, BIL and BSQ file in many common commercial image formats. Up to 256 bands per image allows access to hyperspectral data. 3. Geo-registration and geo-rectification of images. 4. Image annotation with text, grids, north arrow. 5. Extensive context-sensitive help file which serves as a reference to MicroMSI features and also provides a multi-spectral image processing tutorial as student exercises. 6. Full support of any Windows output device (e.g., color printers) at any size up to E-size
Fluctuation corrected Ginzburg-Landau equation and higher moment relations

Abstract We derive a Ginzburg-Landau equation to third order in the order parameter, in which fluctuations are taken into account. Relations among higher moments of the distribution functional exp{-β F [Ψ]}; are also derived.
The influence of superficial conduction on the magnetoresistivity of antimony

Abstract The difference between adiabatic- and isothermal-magnetoresistivity has been used to study the dependence of the superficial current in antimony monocrystals upon the condition of the surfaces of the sample.
Immune function during intravenous administration of a soybean oil emulsion.

The effect of a continuous infusion of a soybean oil emulsion on immune functon was evaluated in 40 malnourished patients who were randomized to receive preoperatively either a 25% glucose-5% amino acid solution (group G) or a 15% glucose-3.3% Intralipid-5% amino acid solution (group G-F). Average length of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was 10.3 ± 0.9 days for group G and 9.0 ± 0.8 days for group G-F. Initial nutritional status and response to TPN were similar for both groups. Immune function was assessed before TPN and after nutritional repletion prior to surgery for each patient. The levels of immunoglobulins, C3, C4, circulating B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, suppressor T lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity, and monocytes were normal before TPN and after nutritional therapy. However, the total number of T cells and helper T cells were low before TPN and remained so after TPN. In addition, lymphocyte function measured by the lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed m...
Interaction of exercise and ethanol on antioxidant enzymes in brain regions of the rat

This study investigates the effect of ethanol ingestion on antioxidant enzymes (AOE) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, (MDA) in different brain regions of the rat after acute exercise. Acute exercise (100% VO2max) significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the cerebral cortex. Acute exercise significantly increased MDA level in the corpus striatum. Ethanol (20%) (1.6 g/kg, PO) significantly increased MDA level in the cerebral cortex. Ethanol also significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cortex and catalase (CAT), GSH-Px, and GR activities in the corpus striatum. Ethanol significantly augmented CAT activity in the medulla and GSH-Px activity in the hypothalamus. However, CAT activity significantly decreased in the hypothalamus after ethanol ingestion. The combination significantly increased GSH-Px activity in the hypothalamus, SOD activity in the cortex, GR activity in the striatum, and MDA level in the medulla. In conclusion, the cerebral cortex, striatum medulla, and hypothalamus reacted differentially in response to ethanol as well as to acute exercise-induced oxidative stress whereas the combination moderated the changes in AOE activity in specific brain regions.
1-MCP efficacy in extending storage life of ‘Bartlett’ pears is affected by harvest maturity, production elevation, and holding temperature during treatment delay

Abstract The efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in extending storage life of the Pacific Northwest ‘Bartlett’ pear is inconsistent. The effects of harvest maturity [H1: flesh firmness (FF) ≈ 83.6 N; H2: FF ≈ 74.8 N], production elevation (E1 ≈ 150 m; E2 ≈ 610 m), and holding temperature (0 and 5 °C) prior to application of 1-MCP have been measured with respect to ethylene production, fruit quality, and storage disorders of ‘Bartlett’ fruit during 6 months of storage at −1.1 °C. 1-MCP at 0.3 μL L−1 for 24 h at 0 °C inhibited ethylene production, FF and green color losses, senescence disorders, and friction discoloration for H1 fruit from both elevations. However, 1-MCP efficacy was reduced moderately in E1H2 fruit and reduced to a greater extend in E2H2 fruit. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC) at harvest was not detected in H1 fruit from either elevation, but it accumulated in E1H2 and E2H2 fruit (E2H2 > E1H2). The holding temperature at 5 °C but not 0 °C for 12 d between harvest and 1-MCP treatment increased fruit IEC and ethylene production rate and reduced the fruit response to subsequent 1-MCP treatment. The fruit physiological stage at the moment of 1-MCP treatment determined the efficacy of 1-MCP in extending the storage life of ‘Bartlett’ pears. 1-MCP retarded development of ripening capacity and 10–14 d at 20 °C were needed to ripen 1-MCP treated ‘Bartlett’ pears to optimum eating quality following 5–6 months of cold storage.
America's Economic Moralists: A History of Rival Ethics and Economics

America's Economic Moralists: A History of Rival Ethics and Economics. By Donald E. Frey. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2009, 239 pp., ISBN 978-0-7914-9351-9, $75 (hardback). The ...
A Generalized Rake Receiver for Satellite WCDMA

As a realization of the matched filter (MF) receiver for reception of direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signals, the RAKE receiver is an optimal receiver in the sense that it maximizes the output SIR under the approximation that multiple access interference is additive white noise. The base-to-user link of a commercial CDMA network, however, does not generally experience white noise MAI. MAI is dominated by a small number adjacent cells that are spectrally shaped by frequency selective fading. As a result, there has been interest development of the generalized RAKE (GRAKE) as a whitened matched filter (WMF), which is the maximum SIR receiver for a signal embedded in colored noise. In this paper we consider the specific issues of GRAKE design for a satellite WCDMA network such as MUOS.
Aeroacoustics of contoured plug-nozzle supersonic jet flows

Experimental investigations of the acoustic far-field, the shock associated noise, and the characteristics of the repetitive shock structure of supersonic jet flows issuing from a plug-nozzle having an externally expanded contoured plug with a pointed termination, operated at a range of supercritical pressure ratios of 2.0 to 4.5 are reported. The supersonic jet flow from the contoured plug is shown to be shock-free and virtually wakeless at a pressure ratio of 3.60 (flow Mach number, 1.49). By comparison with the noise characteristics of underexpanded jet flows from an equivalent convergent nozzle, substantial reductions in the total (mixing and the shock associated) noise levels are obtained when the contoured plug nozzle is operated either in the fully-expanded (shock-free) mode or in the over- and the underexpanded modes.
A Study of the Toxicity of Two Isomeric Sodium Hydroxymercuribenzoates

Abstract The LD 50 (intraperitoneal) for sodium p ‐hydroxymercuribenzoate for rats was determined to be 5 mg./Kg. The LD 50 (intraperitoneal) for sodium o ‐hydroxymercuribenzoate for rats was determined to be 15.5 mg./Kg. Chronic toxicity determinations following intraperitoneal injections in rabbits showed that both compounds were nontoxic under the conditions employed. Hematological examinations as a means of following chronic mercurial toxicity in rabbits yielded no results with the concentrations studied. An oral toxicity determination, employing the para com pound in the concentration suggested for a mouthwash, showed that it was nontoxic to rabbits even when given in large amounts.
Hierarchically Imprinted Sorbents for the Separation of Metal Ions

Molecular imprinting involves arranging monomers of polymerization synthesis around a template molecule so that complexes between the monomer and template molecules are formed. Subsequent polymerization of the monomer molecules results in trapping template molecules in a highly cross-linked amorphous polymer matrix. Extraction of the imprint molecules leaves a predetermined arrangement of ligands and a tailored binding pocket. Such imprinted polymers have been used to mimic antibody functions to resolve racemates, and to separate mixtures of metal cations. Thus far, the organization of precursor monomers has been achieved mainly in inhomogeneous organic polymer matrices, with little control over structural parameters, such as pore sizes and surface areas. The authors report the first synthesis of imprinted hybrid sorbent materials with precise control of not only adsorption sites but also pore structures. The concepts behind multilevel imprinting are as follows. Surfactant micelles and metal ions both act as templates in these hierarchically imprinted sorbents. The metal ion and the surfactant are removed from the silica matrix via acid leaching and ethanol extraction, respectively. This results in the formation of different-sized imprints within the silica matrix, each with a specific function.
Georgia Tech Software Radio Laboratory

The Georgia Tech Broadband Institute of the Georgia Institute of Technology is establishing a Software Radio Laboratory in the Georgia Center for Advanced Telecommunications Technology (GCATT). The laboratory, which is planned to be operational in early 2000, has been designed as a testbed for research, development, test, and evaluation of software radio concepts. The laboratory consists of waveform generators and communications signal sources, local area networking transceivers, radio frequency (RF) channel emulators with branch diversity and smart antenna emulation capabilities, and a multichannel programmable VME-based software radio platform. The software radio platform incorporates a programmable RF front-end, digital down-converters, and multiple Quad TI-C6x DSP boards to facilitate algorithm development for intermediate frequency (IF), baseband, and bitstream processing. The laboratory promises to have capability for addressing a broad spectrum of problems including the development and test of communications modulation techniques, access methods, traffic types, channel distortion effects, transmitter diversity, receiver signal processing algorithms, coding, power control, and many other diverse topics of research.
Infant care: cache or carry

To test the hypothesis that a characteristic infant-care pattern existed during most of human history, contemporary hunter-gatherers in a representative sample of world cultures were examined. Numerically coded measures of infant care revealed a uniform pattern. Mothers are the principal caregivers, providing extensive body contact day and night and prolonged breast-feeding. When not carried, the baby of hunter-gatherers has complete freedom of movement. Care is consistently affectionate, with immediate nurturant response to crying. Nonetheless, in most groups, children achieve early independence and by 2 to 4 years spend more than half the time away from the mother. In the United States this pattern of carrying that endured for one to three million years has been replaced by one resembling nesting or caching. Infants spend little time in body contact with caregivers and their movements are restricted by playpens, high chairs, or cribs. Of the minority who are breast-fed, half are weaned within a few weeks. Separate sleeping arrangements and delayed response to crying are regularly recommended. These remarkable transformations may profoundly alter infant development and maternal involvement.
Synergistic Effects of Carbon Fillers in Thermally Conductive Liquid Crystal Polymer Based Resins

Thermally conductive resins are needed for fuel cell bipolar plates. Varying amounts of three different carbons (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fiber) were added to Vectra A950RX Liquid Crystal Polymer. The resulting single filler composites were tested for thermal conductivity. In addition, the effects of single fillers and combinations of two different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. Synthetic graphite caused the largest statistically significant increase in composite through plane and in plane thermal conductivity. Composites containing synthetic graphite/carbon black and synthetic graphite/carbon fiber caused a statistically significant increase in through plane and in plane thermal conductivity.
Estimation of linear models with crossed-error structure

Abstract Sufficient conditions are presented under which the generalized least-squares estimator, with estimated covariance matrix, is unbiased for the parameters in the crossed-error model and has the same asymptotic distribution as the generalized least-squares estimator. The model permits the presence of independent variables that are constant over cross sections or time periods. The model does not require that the variance components associated with cross sections or time periods be positive.
Bifurcation of elastic-plastic spherical shells subject to internal pressure

Abstract The bifurcation of elastic-plastic spherical shells subject to internal pressure loading is investigated. Two cases are considered; in one case, the pressure is prescribed, while in the other, the change in volume enclosed by the shell is prescribed. Attention is restricted to axisymmetric bifurcations. Separation of variables is employed to introduce a complete set of bifurcation modes. For one of these modes a simple approximate bifurcation criterion is obtained. A numerical method is then employed to investigate the bifurcation of elastic-plastic spherical shells in a variety of modes. A comparison is made between the numerical results and the predictions of the approximate criterion. Of particular interest is whether bifurcation can occur prior to the maximum pressure point. The numerical results obtained here show that this does not occur for the axisymmetric modes considered.
Influence of physiology and climate on δD of leaf wax n-alkanes from C3 and C4 grasses

Abstract We measured hydrogen isotope compositions (δD) of high-molecular-weight n-alkanes (C27–C33) from grasses grown in greenhouses and collected from the US Great Plains. In both cases, n-alkanes from C4 grasses are enriched in D by more than 20‰ relative to those from C3 grasses. The apparent enrichment factor ( e C 29 - GW ) between C29 n-alkane and greenhouse water is −165 ± 12‰ for C3 grasses and −140 ± 15‰ for C4 grasses. For samples from the Great Plains, δD values of C29 n-alkanes range from −280 to −136‰, with values for C4 grasses ca. 21‰ more positive than those for C3 grasses from the same site. Differences in C3 and C4 grass n-alkane δD values are consistent with the shorter interveinal distance in C4 grass leaves, and greater back-diffusion of enriched water from stomata to veins, than in C3 grass leaves. Great Plains’ grass n-alkane isotopic ratios largely reflect precipitation δD values. However, the offset or apparent fractionation between n-alkanes and precipitation is not uniform and varies with annual precipitation and relative humidity, suggesting climatic controls on lipid δD values. The dryer sites exhibit smaller absolute apparent fractionation indicative of D-enrichment of source waters through transpiration and/or soil evaporation. To explore the relationship between climate and n-alkane δD values, we develop three models. (1) The ‘direct analog’ model estimates δ D C 29 values simply by applying the apparent enrichment factors, e C 29 - GW , observed in greenhouse grasses to precipitation δD values from the Great Plains. (2) The ‘leaf-water’ model uses a Craig–Gordon model to estimate transpirational D-enrichment for both greenhouse and field sites. The transpiration-corrected enrichment factors between C29 and bulk leaf-water, e C 29 - GW , calculated from the greenhouse samples (−181‰ for C3 and −157‰ for C4) are applied to estimate δ D C 29 values relative to modeled bulk leaf-water δD values. (3) The ‘soil- and leaf-water’ model estimates the combined effects of soil evaporation, modeled by analogy with a flow-through lake, and transpiration on δ D C 29 values. Predictions improve with the addition of the explicit consideration of transpiration and soil evaporation, indicating that they are both important processes in determining plant lipid δD values. D-enrichment caused by these evaporative processes is controlled by relative humidity, suggesting that important climatic information is recorded in leaf wax n-alkane δD values. Calibration studies such as this one provide a baseline for future studies of plant-water–deuterium systematics and form the foundation for interpretation of plant wax hydrogen isotope ratios as a paleo-aridity proxy.
Recidivism Rates for Registered and Nonregistered Juvenile Sexual Offenders

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effects of South Carolina's comprehensive registration policy on recidivism of juveniles who sexually offend. Registered and nonregistered male youth are matched on year of index offense, age at index offense, race, prior person offenses, prior nonperson offenses, and type of index sexual offense, for a total of 111 matched pairs. Recidivism is assessed across a mean 4.3-year follow-up (SD = 2.5). The sexual offense reconviction rate is too low (2 events) to support between-group analyses. Cox regression results indicate no significant between-group differences with respect to new nonsexual person offense convictions but significant between-group differences with respect to new nonperson offense convictions. Specifically, registered youth are more likely than nonregistered youth to have new nonperson offense convictions across follow-up. Public policy implications of these findings are discussed.
A furusato away from home

Abstract In Japanese society furusato (native places) have been developed as remedies to the “Economic Miracle”, directing urbanites to restorative premodern villages. Against the historical context of Japanese cultural nationalism, the emergence of furusato overseas indicates significant changes in Japanese tourism, notions of identity, and perceptions of the international community. Two examples of foreign furusato are in the United Kingdom and in Canada. Utilizing field interviews and an interdisciplinary approach, this article proposes that demographic changes and a series of social shocks have shaken free entrenched beliefs of Japanese identity, and that this state of alienation is accompanied by a new willingness to seek existential meaning outside of Japan.
Boyfriends, girlfriends and teenagers' risk of sexual involvement.

Having a boyfriend or girlfriend especially an older one is associated with increased sexual risk in early adolescence. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Middle school students in Northern California were surveyed annually from 1997 to 2000. For a sample of 1214 males and 1308 females who were sexually inexperienced in seventh grade logistic and linear regression were used to explore associations between relationship status in seventh grade and sexual activity in ninth grade controlling for sixth-grade and eighth-grade characteristics. Males who had had a girlfriend their age by seventh grade were more likely than those who had had no relationship to report sexual activity in ninth grade (odds ratio 2.1). Similarly for females the odds of being sexually active in ninth grade were elevated among those who had had a boyfriend their age (2.9); however they also were higher among those who had had an older boyfriend than among those who had had one their age (2.1). With sixth-grade risk factors controlled relationship status in seventh grade remained significant only for females; the association was explained by early menarche and by participation in situations that could lead to sex and riskier peer norms in eighth grade. For males eighth-grade situations that could lead to sex Hispanic ethnicity and sixth-grade peer norms explained ninth-grade sexual behavior. To reduce the risk of adolescent sexual activity parents and communities should encourage youth in middle school especially females who experience early menarche to delay serious romantic relationships. (authors)
A review of gaseous ammonia emissions from slurry pits in pig production systems

Twenty-six experimental studies of ammonia emissions from pig buildings that utilise some form of pit/slurry system have been analysed and compared. Using standard values for pig weight and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) content in the waste when these quantities were unspecified, experimental ammonia emissions were compared on a per cent loss (of excreted TKN) basis. Correction factors were determined for measurements made during specific parts of the year, with corresponding differences in temperature, or time of day, and adjustments were made to put emission data on an annual average basis, when applicable. When corrected in this way, measurements made in the United States and in Europe were 22% and 21%, respectively. The standard deviation and standard error of the mean were 9% and 1.8%, respectively. The 95% confidence interval of the mean was 17.6–24.9%. The proposed emission factor data are reasonably consistent and emission factors higher or lower must be critically compared to the existing experimental base.
Pericarditis: A ten year survey☆

Abstract Acute nonspecific pericarditis is a relatively common diagnosis, and probably represents a group of disease processes. The etiologic agent in many patients is a virus, and in a large group of patients the process is related to a hyper-sensitivity state or an autoimmune process. Acute nonspecific pericarditis is not always a benign disease, although in the majority of patients it runs a benign course. Among the complications that may result are pericardial effusion with tamponade, pericardial hemorrhage, acute relapses, the subsequent appearance of chronic constrictive pericarditis, and the occurrence of associated myocarditis. Adrenal steroid therapy may help dramatically in some patients, but steroid dependence and occasional hypercorticoadrenalism are disturbing complications of this treatment.
Initial incision of lateral pelvic fascia and early ligation of vascular pedicles during radical prostatectomy: potential to reduce positive margin rates

OBJECTIVE To report on our experience with a recently published technique to reduce positive margin (PM) rates (involving early incision of the lateral pelvic fascia, early release of the prostate and Denonvilliers’ fascia off the rectum), with the additional modification of early ligation of the lateral vascular pedicles during radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP), as reducing PM rates continues to be an important oncological goal in RP. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred consecutive men (mean age 61 years, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level 8.9 ng/mL, and estimated blood loss 502 mL) underwent RP by one surgeon. The initial dissection involves early incision of the lateral pelvic fascia and developing the plane between the prostate and underlying rectum, before any apical dissection. This incision can be made medial to the neurovascular bundles in a nerve-sparing procedure. After this plane is developed, the lateral vascular pedicles to the prostate are also divided. Once these same manoeuvres are used contralaterally, the prostate is lifted off of the rectum and held in place only by the apex and bladder neck. The apical/urethral dissection is then carried out conventionally, followed by dissection/transection of the seminal vesicles and the bladder neck. RESULTS The pathological stage included T2a (11%), T2b (69%), T3a (17%), T3b (3%), and N+ (2%); 20 patients had capsular penetration, at the posterolateral (in 15) and anterior aspect (in five) of the gland. The PM rate for the 100 consecutive patients was 13%, with PMs at the apex in 10, the base in two and posterolateral gland in one. No patient had a PM at the site of capsular penetration. When patients were stratified by low-moderate risk (pT2 and Gleason sum ≤ 7) vs high risk (pT3 or Gleason sum > 7), the PM rates were 7.9% and 29.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Initial dissection of the lateral pelvic fascia, including developing a ‘perirectal pocket’, and early ligation of the lateral pedicles, resulted in a low PM rate during RP. This experience supports the previous observations that early development of the pre-rectal fat plane may allow for more precise dissection below all layers of Denonvilliers’ fascia and with a wider margin of periprostatic tissue.
A silicone template to facilitate cartilage grafting in the nose.

On a realise une feuille de silicone qui a l'epaisseur et la consistance du cartilage septal, utilisable comme matrice pour faciliter la greffe de cartilage dans le nez. Cette technique permettra plus facilement de determiner si oui ou non une greffe corrigera la deformation et quelle quantite de materiel autogene sera necessaire avant de faire le prelevement. Elle permet aussi une plus grande precision dans la determination de la taille et de la position des greffes
Latency Insertion Method with Frequency Dependent Effect

This paper presents an extension of the latency insertion method (LIM) to the treatment of circuits with frequency-dependent parameters. In particular, the skin effect of conductors is modeled in the formulation and the simulation results are compared with actual measurements.
Bilateral Salzmann-like nodular corneal degeneration after laser in situ keratomileusis imaged with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy

Examination of a 34-year-old patient 7 years after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) showed Salzmann-like nodules in both eyes, causing irregular astigmatism and decreased visual acuity. Two new imaging modalities were used to demonstrate the characteristics of this complication. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Visante) scans showed hyperreflective nodules that varied in thickness from 0.35 mm to 0.56 mm. High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy illustrated the destruction of Bowman layer underlying these lesions. Both modalities demonstrated nodules as hyperreflective material covered by an abnormally thin layer of epithelium. Salzmann-like nodular degeneration is a rare but possible cause of decreased visual acuity and irregular astigmatism after LASIK surgery. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and OCT can demonstrate many of the established histopathologic findings in vivo.
Vocally cued personality prototypes: An implicit personality theory approach

Competence and benevolence are two personality prototypes that have emerged in research on voice and personality. While traits comprising these prototypes have been described, there is incomplete information about the interaction effects of speech rate, pitch variation, and loudness during impression formation processes. Five hypotheses and three research questions were advanced to examine main and interaction effects of the three vocal variables on the two personality prototypes. The main effects hypotheses were significant for both prototypes. Rate and pitch variation were the most influential for competence and benevolence, respectively. For competence, one interaction effect (rate by pitch variation) was significant. For benevolence, two interaction effects were significant (pitch variation by loudness, and pitch variation by rate). The results are discussed in the theoretical framework provided by implicit personality theory and the structures of the two personality prototypes.
Regulating custom: Land, law and central judiciary in Samoa

Abstract The extent of customary land in Samoa and the laws pertaining to its protection create a presumption of state dependence on the regulation of custom in effecting state policies within local contexts. The principal means of regulating custom in Samoa has been and continues to be through state court adjudication of conflicts over customary land and chiefly titles. The transitive nature of ‘custom’ and conceptions of ‘custom’ in Samoa created an opening for court influence in the construction of custom, if not custom's partial reinvention through the agency of the courts. This occurred principally through the courts’ privileging principles of English common law in confirming asserted land rights generally considered unenforceable at the time of Samoa's political partition. The courts re‐interpreted as customary, conceptions of land rights the colonial state's influence attempted to effect within Samoan society. But the source of the changes, and the courts’ role in promoting them, tended not to be e...
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUBSCALE SCORES OF POLICE OFFICERS ON THE KUDER OCCUPATIONAL INTEREST SURVEY

Richaid (1969) gave the Kuder Occupational Interest Survey to experienced police officers and correlated their scores on the police officer scale with their scores on the other scales. He reported that scores on the police officer scale correlated most highly with scores on scales for semi-skilled jobs and least highly with scores on scales for social service jobs. The present paper reports data from the male state police recruits in a training academy class (n = 64; M,,, = 24.3, SD = 2.7) who graduated. Their scores on the police officer scale correlated (using product-moment correlations) most highly with scores on the scales for bricklayer ( 7 = 0.91), plumbing contractor (0.90), industrial supervisor (0.90), and television repairer (0.89), and least highly with scores on the scales for university pastor (0.37), interior decorator (0.37), librarian (0.42), and clinical psychologist (0.43). Scores on the police officer scale were also correlated with scores on the scales recommending college majors. Scores on the police officer scale correlated most highly with scores on the scales for animal husbandry (0.82), agriculture (0.81), physical education (0.81 ) , and civil engineering (0.78), and least highly with scores on the scales for English (O.11), art and art education (0.14), foreign languages (0.24), and music and music education (0.28). These results confirm those reported by Richard (1969). They also are congruent with data from these officers indicating that the most suitable college major for them was physical education and the most suitable jobs were ( in order) physical therapist, police officer, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, and bricklayer (Lester, 1979).
Requirements for Nitric Oxide Generation from Isoniazid Activation In Vitro and Inhibition of Mycobacterial Respiration In Vivo

Isoniazid (INH), a front-line antituberculosis agent, is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase KatG, converting INH into bactericidal reactive species. Here we investigated the requirements and the pathway of nitric oxide (NO*) generation during oxidative activation of INH by Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG in vitro. We also provide in vivo evidence that INH-derived NO* can inhibit key mycobacterial respiratory enzymes, which may contribute to the overall antimycobacterial action of INH.
Induction, ultrastructure, isolation, and tissue culture of chlorophyll mutants in carrot

Seeds ofDaucus carota “Danvers” were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for 6-hr periods at concentrations of 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0% to induce plastid mutants. In these treatments, there was a gradual decrease in percent germination from control up to 1.0% EMS and no germinations at 3.0%. The number of chlorophyll mutants increased with dose of mutagen. One mutant plant was isolated from the 0.1% treatment and it had leaf sections of green, white layered on green and pure white; and white and green striped petioles. Histogenic analysis of this mutant showed it to be a GGW chimera, the “all-white” sectors being GWW, arising from displacement of L-II by L-III. Electron micrographs of the white sections showed plastids that had dilated thylakoids typical of PS-I mutants. So called “mixed cells” of normal and mutant plastids were found, suggesting a plastome mutation. Leaf and petiole sections have been successfully cultured through the development of callus, and both green and white plants have been regenerated. Regenerated white plantlets were insensitive to 10 mM methyl viologen (paraquat), whereas green tissues were killed by the herbicide.
Synthesis and Phase Transformation of In2Se3 and CuInSe2 Nanowires

III−VI and I−III−VI semiconductors with anomalous grain boundaries have been actively studied for high efficiency photovoltaic applications. Nanowire morphology can provide a well-defined nanodomain for studying grain boundary and p−n junction physics for improving solar cell efficiency. We report the synthesis of In2Se3 and CuInSe2 single crystalline nanowires via a Au-catalyzed vapor−liquid−solid growth. Superlattice forms in In2Se3 nanowires at room temperature and a reversible superlattice transformation takes place at 200 °C. Cu concentration in CuInSe2 nanowires can be controlled, and nanowires show a dependence of crystal structure on Cu concentration.
Mitochondrial protein synthesis in HeLa cells.

HeLa cell mitochondrial proteins have been shown to be the products of two separate protein-synthesizing systems; one, the general cellular mechanism, sensitive to inhibition by cycloheximide, the other, a specific mitochondrial system subject to inhibition by low concentrations of chloramphenicol (Galper, J. B., and J. E. Darnell. 1971. J. Mol. Biol 57:363). Preliminary data have suggested that a mitochondrial N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA (f-Met-tRNA) might be the initiator tRNA in the latter (Galper, J. B., and J. E. Darnell. 1969. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 34:205; 1971. J. Mol. Biol. 57:363). It is demonstrated here that the synthesis of these endogenous mitochondrial proteins is also subject to inhibition by ethidium bromide and decays with a half-life of 1½–2 h in cultures incubated with low concentrations of this dye. The role of formylated f-Met-tRNA as the initiator tRNA in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins is supported by data from several experiments. The rates of ethidium bromide inhibition of both the charging of f-Met-tRNA and of the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins are strikingly similar. Inhibition by aminopterin of the formylation of f-Met-tRNA greatly depresses the rate of mitochondrial-specific protein synthesis. In the absence of the synthesis of these proteins, respiration, the levels of cytochromes a–a3 and b, and the number of mitochondrial cristae are decreased. The implications of these findings as they relate to mitochondrial biogenesis are discussed.
Should complex ACHD patients have periodic Holter monitoring

Abstract This article stems from a debate held at the Adult Congenital Heart Meetings at Cincinnati in the summer of 2011 where Dr. Moodie and Broberg debated whether complex adult congenital heart patients should have regular Holter monitor studies done. Dr. Moodie took the pro position and Dr. Broberg the con and this article is a result of that debate.
ENERGETICS AND SITE SPECIFICITY OF THE HOMOLYTIC C-H BOND CLEAVAGE IN BENZENOID HYDROCARBONS : AN AB INITIO ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE STUDY

Electronic structure calculations carried out at the BLYP/6-311G** level of theory accurately predict the dissociation energy of the C−H bond in benzene. The analogous energies of the homolytic C−H bond cleavage in the other nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found to be governed almost entirely by steric factors, the hydrogens from congested regions of the PAHs being removed preferentially. The removal of hydrogens is accompanied by highly regular changes in the molecular geometries, namely a widening of the ipso bond angle by ca. 6.0° and a concomitant shortening of the adjacent C−C bonds by ca. 0.02 A. These observations suggest an almost complete localization of the unpaired σ electrons on single carbon atoms and the separation of the local σ and π effects in the aryl radicals under study. This localization is confirmed by the computed charges and spin populations of atoms in the phenyl, 1-naphthalenyl, and 2-naphthalenyl radicals. In contrast with their UHF counterparts, the UBLYP elect...
A high-fat meal or injection of lipids stimulates ethanol intake.

Findings of earlier studies support the idea of a possible relation between dietary fat and ethanol intake, but it is unclear whether acute exposure to fat can increase ethanol consumption directly. In the current series of experiments, we examined whether daily overeating of fat, a single high-fat meal, or the injection of fat can increase ethanol intake. In Experiment 1, adult Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained on a high-fat diet (50% fat) for 7 days and switched subsequently to a laboratory chow diet while being trained to drink 9% ethanol. Rats that had eaten the greatest amount of the high-fat diet subsequently drank the most ethanol. In Experiment 2, a 1-h meal of the high-fat diet (50% fat) produced a significant increase in 7% ethanol consumption in comparison with what occurred after consumption of an equicaloric, low-fat (10% fat) meal. In Experiment 3, the orosensory effect of fat was eliminated with an intraperitoneal injection of a fat emulsion, Intralipid (20% fat, 5.0 ml). The injection of Intralipid, in comparison with saline, increased the ingestion of 9% ethanol. This finding is in contrast to what occurred with injection of an equicaloric, 50% glucose solution, which suppressed ethanol intake. These findings provide new evidence to support a positive relation between dietary fat and the consumption of ethanol. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Should a Patient with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Congestive Heart Failure, and Right Bundle Branch Block QRS Receive Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for patients with heart failure and mechanical dyssynchrony. Patients with left bundle branch block and QRS greater than or equal to 150 milliseconds derive the greatest clinical response. Patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) may not derive the same benefit. The reasons for this disparity are unclear, but may relate to differences in biventricular activation sequence and timing in the presence of left versus RBBB. This article provides a comprehensive review of current understanding of the clinical effectiveness of CRT in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and RBBB.
Population biology of avena. VI. The role of genetic polymorphisms in the outcome of interspecific competition

Three different series of population samples of two Avena species cooccurring in California were grown for an analysis of the role of genetic variation in interspecies competition: I, samples from mixed fatua-barbata sites in nature, grown in mixed stands; II, samples from pure sites and grown in pure stands, and III, the same sites as in II but grown in mixed stands. Four macroenvironments and four densities were used giving a total of sixteen entries for each genetic/competitive unit in order to measure both mean and variance of survival and reproductive rates as fitness characters. Sites used in each series included low versus high levels of genetic polymorphism within each species. In general, high polymorphism favored A. fatua in competition with monomorphic A. barbata, and high polymorphism in A. barbata allowed it to compete better with monomorphic A. fatua observation fits well into the pattern of reduced polymorphism in natural mixed stands. Mean performance of polymorphic mixed stands was not consistently higher than the monomorphic combinations or pure stands but the greater relative stability over environments seemed to favor polymorphisms in one or both of the competitors. A relatively less regular pattern of density or competitive response in series III was interpreted as evidence for the lack of coadaptedness between samples drawn from pure sites. Several limitations characteristic of such controlled studies were briefly discussed; however, the tentative conclusions from laboratory studies provided several promising clues for more critical field studies.
pH regulation of an egg cortex tyrosine kinase.

Abstract Fertilization of the echinoderm egg is known to result in the phosphorylation, on tyrosine, of a high-molecular-weight cortical protein (HMWCP) localized in the egg cortex. Studies using various parthenogenic agents indicate that this phosphorylation event occurs in response to the alkaline shift in cytoplasmic pH 1 which normally occurs 1 to 2 min after fertilization. In the present study, the purified egg cell surface complex was used as an in vitro system to determine whether a small alkaline shift in pH, such as occurs upon fertilization, could stimulate the activity of theegg cortex-associated tyrosine kinase toward endogenous protein substrates. The results demonstrated thatthe cell surface complex is highly enriched in a tyrosine kinase activity which accounts for the majority of the protein kinase activity in this preparation. The activity of this tyrosine kinase toward the HMWCP and other cortical proteins was highly dependent on pH over the range pH 6.8 to 7.3. This indicates that the fertilization-associatedchange in cytoplasmic pH would be sufficient to trigger increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the high-molecular-weight cortical protein in vivo . The regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation by small changes in pH represents a novel control mechanism in which a tyrosine protein kinase may act as a pH-sensitive transducer.
Further investigation of the SI scale of the MMPI: reliabilities, correlates, and subscale utility.

First investigation of the reliabilities and correlates of the subscales of the SI scale of the MMPI. Normal college students (N = 218) were administered the SI scale and several measures typically used in social skills and assertiveness training research (i.e., an assertiveness scale, anxiety measures, social activities measure, organization questionnaire, self- and peer ratings of physical attractiveness, and peer ratings of social skills, social anxiety, and social participation). Results demonstrated acceptable reliability for the subscales of the SI scale of the MMPI and revealed that the subscales were related differentially to the measures used in this study and thus provided evidence for the utility of the subscales.
Encouraging and evaluating scholarship for the college teacher

Scholarly work, the best way for college teachers to keep vitalized, can be assessed as effectively as traditional research activities.
The effect of posttrial ECS and footshock on the acquisition of a nonshock passive-avoidance response

Experiment 1, with a 2 by 2 factorial design of training/no training, ECS/no ECS, investigated the effect of ECS on the acquisition of a one-trial nonshock passive avoidance response. Results indicated passive-avoidance learning in trained Ss and that ECS produced nearly complete retrograde amnesia (RA) for the response. Experiment 2, using the same design and procedure, investigated the effect of posttraining footshock (FS) on the acquisition of the passive-avoidance response. Results indicated passive-avoidance behavior for groups receiving training and no FS, training and FS, and no training and FS. There was no evidence of RA produced by FS.