cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematics of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Larvae of Ceraeochrysa from Mexico

Currently, 16 species in the green lacewing genus Ceraeochrysa are known from Mexico. Many of these species occur in agricultural situations, and their trash-carrying larvae are attractive candidates for mass-rearing and use in biological control. To facilitate the use of Ceraeochrysa in biological control and to contribute to a better understanding of the phylogenetics of the group, emphasis is placed on systematics. Previously, we described the larvae of seven of the 16 species; here we describe the larvae of five more and provide keys for identifying the larvae of all known Mexican species. We also summarize the little information that is available on the biology of each species.
Pivotal role of miR-448 in the development of ROS-induced cardiomyopathy.

Aims Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases (NOXs) are important contributors to cellular oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system. The NOX2 isoform is upregulated in numerous disorders, including dystrophic cardiomyopathy, where it drives the progression of the disease. However, mechanisms underlying NOX2 overexpression are still unknown. We investigated the role of microRNAs (miRs) in the regulation of NOX2 expression. Methods and Results Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) was used as a model of cardiomyopathy. After screening with miRNA target prediction databases and following qRT-PCR analysis we found drastic down-regulation of miR-448-3p in hearts of mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. The downregulation correlated with overexpression of the Ncf1 gene, encoding the NOX2 regulatory subunit p47phox. Specificity of Ncf1 targeting by miR-448-3p was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Silencing of miR-448-3p in wild-type mice had a dramatic effect on cellular and functional properties of cardiac muscle as assessed by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, confocal imaging, echocardiography and histology. Acute treatment of mice with LNA-miR-448 inhibitors led to increased Ncf1 expression, abnormally elevated ROS production and exacerbated Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes, reminiscent of features previously observed in dystrophic cardiac cells. In addition, chronic inhibition of miR-448-3p resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia, hallmarks of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions Our studies suggest that downregulation of miR-448-3p leads to the increase in the expression of Ncf1 gene and p47phox protein, as well as to the substantial increase in NOX2-derived ROS production. Cellular oxidative stress subsequently triggers events that finally culminate in cardiac tissue damage and development of cardiomyopathy.
Alcohol and Substance Abuse in Panic Disorder

The relationship between panic disorder and alcohol and substance abuse is well known but not clearly understood. Various theories have been proposed to explain the increased comorbidity of these two disorders. Patients may be self-medicating for anxiety symptoms or be genetically predisposed to this dual diagnosis. Whatever the cause, patients with panic disorder who abuse alcohol or other substances require careful attention from the clinician. To effectively treat the patient, both conditions must be taken into account when formulating a treatment plan.
A New Model for Evaluating the Impact of Major System Changes on Emergency Air Medical Scene Responses in a Regional EMS System

Hypothesis:Centralized dispatch data can provide useful information regarding the impact of major air medical system changes in a regional emergency medical services (EMS) system.Methods:Prospective evaluation of helicopter dispatch data from a centralized EMS dispatch agency. During the study period, four alterations in the total number of helicopters available to the system occurred (1,2,3,2,3). Statistical analysis consisted of Chi-Square with Yates' correction and comparison of sample proportions with p<.05 considered significant.Results:A total of 667 helicopter dispatches occurred during the 20-month study period from April 1989 through November 1990.Conclusion:Changes in dispatch patterns could result either from increased availability or alterations in the dispatchers' “threshold” for use based upon a perceived lessening of the need to save a “scarce” resource. Had the second possibility played a significant role, the rate of cancellation by ground personnel after arrival at the scene would be expected to have increased. Since this did not occur, it is likely that the increased use actually was a result of increased availability. In systems that dispatch helicopters prior to arrival of ground personnel, this method of evaluation may provide a useful model for analyzing the impact of major system alterations.
Building Curricular Diversity through a "Social Movement": How Faculty Networks Support Institutional Change

Abstract This essay offers an innovative model for effectively infusing diversity across a higher education curriculum. We explore the benefits of reconceptualizing infusion efforts as “social movements” in order to highlight the importance of structural power relationships and deliberate network-formation in affecting change on any individual campus. We contend that the work of infusing diversity across the curriculum is driven by disciplinary cultures and institutional structures that shape individual faculty curricular choices. Using a recent Teagle Foundation-supported, faculty-led initiative directed at promoting diversity across the curriculum at Lafayette College, we show that the use of a social movement frame for promoting curricular diversity not only can transform curricular cultures across the disciplines by establishing new faculty networks but also strengthen momentum for supporting future institutional change. We further offer suggestions for successfully applying this social movement framework in praxis.
The Significance of Nonsignificance

AbstractThis paper reviews the research relating Logo, as a programming language, to the learning and teaching of secondary mathematics. The paper makes a clear distinction between Logo used as a programming language, and Logo used in the terms originally put forth by Papert (1980). The main thesis is that research studies in this area often require that the experimental group learn Logo as well as the regular mathematical content that the control group is learning. Thus the Logo group is often learning more. A result of no significant difference can therefore be more important than a casual glance would indicate.
The application of the Biot-Savart law to the ring current analysis of proton chemical shifts—II

Abstract The Biot-Savart shielding law is applied to a wide variety of annulenes in an effort to delineate the relationship between chemical shift and ring current. The success of the proton chemical shift/ring current analysis of the annulenes is interpreted to provide strong phenomenological evidence for the existence of diamagnetic and paramagnetic ring currents.
Changes in heart rate on intravenous infusion in dogs with chronic cardiac denervation.

Discussion and conclusionsIn all cases, an increase in heart rate resulted from intravenous infusion of fluid into dogs with chronic cardiac denervation, the increments ranging from 4 to 31 beats per minute. In those cases in which it was measured, right atrial pressure increased; in individual experiments, the increase in pressure was proportional to the volume infused. In the experiments with dextran, the maximal increase in right atrial pressure preceded the maximal increase in heart rate by intervals ranging from 4 to 54 minutes. Part of this wide variation was explained by the fact that the peak of the increase in rate often was approached so slowly that it was difficult to locate it precisely in relation to the time axis. In the experiments with saline, there was a clearly defined lag of 2 1/2 minutes in the example shown in Fig. 1, but in the others the small degree of cardiac acceleration made it impossible to decide if a lag was present. Similarly, a lag between the maximal increase in venous pre...
Atomistic modeling of thermodynamic properties of Pu-Ga alloys based on the Invar mechanism

We present an atomistic model that accounts for a range of anomalous thermodynamic properties of the fcc $\ensuremath{\delta}$ phase of Pu-Ga alloys in terms of the Invar mechanism. Two modified embedded atom method potentials are employed to represent competing electronic states in $\ensuremath{\delta}$-Pu, each of which has an individual configuration dependence as well as distinct interactions with gallium. Using classical Monte Carlo simulations, we compute the temperature dependence of various thermodynamic properties for different dilute gallium concentrations. The model reproduces the observed effects of excessive volume reduction along with a rapid shift in thermal expansion from negative to positive values with increasing gallium concentration. It also predicts progressive stiffening upon dilute-gallium alloying, while the calculated thermal softening is nearly independent of the gallium concentration in agreement with resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements in the literature. Analysis of the local structure predicted by the model indicates that the distribution of the gallium atoms is not completely random in the $\ensuremath{\delta}$ phase due to the presence of short-range order associated with the Invar mechanism. This effect is consistent with the nanoscale heterogeneity in local gallium concentration which is observed in recent extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy experiments. Implications of the Invar effect for phase stability and physical interpretations of the two states are also discussed.
THE APPLICATION OF CORRELATION ANALYSIS METHODS TO THE STUDY OF IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES

This paper described the theoretical basis and practical calculation for analyzing fading records obtained by close-spaced recievers in the study of the small-scale irregularities in the ionosphere. Two new correlation methods, the cross-point method (C. P. M.) and the ten-point method (T. P. M.), were proposed and compared experimentally with Phillips and Spencer's complete correlation method (P. S. M.) and Yerg's six-point method (S. P. M.). It is concluded that the C. P. M., compared with other methods, is more exact and provides for more information about the ionospheric irregularities. The C. P. M., as well as the P. S. M., require the determination of the auto-correlation function of one record and the cross-correlation functions between the three records taken in pairs, and it is therefore quite laborious. Then it is shown that there are some advantages in the application of the T. P. M. which provides for informations as much as that of the C. P. M. and as exact as that of the P. S. M., although the calculation is much simpler, as only 8—10 values of correlation coefficient are required. Moreover, it is pointed out that, utilizing the so called "time-lag plots" y_θ, x_θ, the accuracy of the T. P. M. can be further improved. Therefore it is suggested that the T. P. M. should be adopted as a routine, while the C. P. M. or the improved T. P. M. should be adopted for special occasions or special events for which more accurate results are required. for special occasions or special events for which more accurate results are required. In the viewpoint of labour-saving, applications of the structure function and the aftereffect function to the correlation analysis are discussed. In this paper the author also proposed an extrapolation and interpolation method of the value of correlation coefficient for any spacing and/or any time lag. Consequently, some criteria were established for checking the reliability of the calculated values of ionospheric parameters. Especially the occurrence of imaginary value of the random movement and change velocity can be almost always prevented in the course of analysis.
Network Construction Process and Function Realization of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This paper reviews Henan Academy of Agricultural Science network platform construction process,and briefly explains each stage level of the network platform construction and network service functions.From the first computer purchased during period of the prior construction,to the establishment of disc network electronic reading system,to the access of Internet,established the thousand-gigabit LAN that met the needs of the academy,finally to the net of ten thousand gigabit network expansion.During the 20-year development,academy network platform for agricultural scientific research work provided various services,played an extremely important role in the agricultural science and technology innovation and technology progress.
Can Endothelial Injury Provide the Passage to Explain the Vascular Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a widely used category of drug for past 20 years. Originally requiring a prescription, PPIs were used to treat peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease. PPIs now are readily available over the counter, and their use is often unmonitored. Over utilization of PPIs for inappropriate indications and their use for durations beyond that indicated in original recommendations have been reported in both hospital and ambulatory settings.1,2 Over the past few years, the safety of long-term PPI use has come into question with observational studies reporting increased prevalence of dementia, myocardial infarction, and renal failure in people who use long-term PPIs.3–6 However, no causative mechanism for the adverse effects of PPI has been established. Article, see p e36 Following their recent report of association of PPI use with myocardial infarction in the general population,5 in this issue of Circulation Research , Yepuri et al7 used a series of invitro studies using human microvascular endothelial cells (EC) treated with clinically relevant concentrations of the PPI, esomeprazole. They showed reduced lysosomal cathepsin-B and phosphatase, and increased lysosomal protein aggregates in ECs treated with esomeprazole versus controls, indicating impaired lysosomal proteostasis. Treatment with esomeprazole increased production of EC superoxide anions, decreased eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression, and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. In matrigel assays, treatment with esomeprazole reduced microvascular EC proliferation and network formation. Finally, the authors show that esomeprazole treatment accelerated EC senescence as …
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma (SNUC)

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare and aggressive primary malignancy that often presents with intracranial invasion and advanced disease.
The Intersection of Personal and Professional Identity

Abstract This article will examine some of the unique issues and concerns that arise when heterosexual supervisors work with sexual minority supervisees. A brief review of existing literature will provide a glimpse of the guidance provided to clinical supervisors in working with issues of diversity in the supervisory relationship and how it may relate to working with sexual minority supervisees. Methods of working with sexual minority supervisees to balance the intersection of personal and professional identities in order to foster their growth, development, and assimilation into the profession utilizing the supervisor roles of teacher, counselor, consultant, and mentor will be discussed. The role of a clinician's disclosure of sexual minority status and its relationship to his or her professional and personal identity development also will be examined.
DNA region grammatical inference

An accurate language definition capable of distinguishing between coding and non-coding DNA has important applications and analytical significance to the field of computational biology. The method proposed here uses positive sample grammatical inference and statistical information to infer languages for coding DNA.
SMAC-Mimetic BV-6 Sensitizes Therapeutic Agents-Induced Apoptosis In AML Cells

Abstract 2177 The antiapoptotic function of the inhibitors of apoptosis family of proteins (IAPs) is antagonized by mitochondria-released SMAC protein. The IAP-member XIAP suppresses apoptosis by directly binding and inhibiting caspase-9 and caspase-3, while cIAP1, a component of the cytoplasmic signaling complex containing TNF receptor associated factors, suppresses apoptosis via the caspase-8-mediated pathway. BV-6 (Genentech) is a bivalent SMAC-mimetic and has been shown to promote cell death by inducing cIAP autoubiquitination, NF-κB activation, and TNFα-dependent apoptosis. We examined its effect on leukemic cells and found that BV-6 only moderately induced apoptosis. The EC50 was found to be 15.3±5.1 μM at 48 hours in OCI-AML3 cells which are relatively sensitive. We then determined whether BV-6 sensitizes leukemic cells to the HDM2-inhibitor nutlin-3a and to Ara-C. p53 modulates the expression and activity of Bcl-2 family proteins and promotes the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. We showed previously that activation of p53 by nutlin-3a sensitizes AML cells to XIAP inhibition induced-death in part by promoting the release of SMAC from mitochondrion (Carter BZ et al., Blood 2010). We treated OCI-AML3 cells with BV-6, nutlin-3a or Ara-C, and BV-6+nutlin-3a or BV-6+Ara-C and found that the combination of BV-6 and nutlin-3a or BV-6 and Ara-C synergistically induced cell death in OCI-AML3 cells with a combination index (CI) of 0.27±0.11 and 0.22±0.05 (48 hours), respectively. To demonstrate that p53 activation is essential for the synergism of BV-6+nutlin-3a combination, we treated OCI-AML3 vector control and p53 knockdown cells with these two agents and found that the combination synergistically promoted cell death in the vector control (CI=0.47±0.15) but not in the p53 knockdown cells, as expected, while BV6+Ara-C was synergistic in both vector control and p53 knockdown cells (CI=0.15±0.03 and 0.08±0.03, respectively, 48 hours). BV-6 induced activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and decreased XIAP levels, but did not cause rapid cIAP1 degradation, as reported by others. To assess the contribution of death receptor-mediated apoptosis in BV-6-induced cell death, we treated Jurkat and caspase-8 mutated Jurkat cells (JurkatI9.2) with BV-6 and found that BV-6 induced cell death and significantly potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells (CI=0.14±0.08, 48 hours). Caspase-8 mutated JurkatI9.2 cells were significantly less sensitive to BV-6 than Jurkat cells and as expected, JurkatI9.2 was completely resistant to TRAIL. Collectively, we showed that the bivalent SMAC-mimetic BV-6 potentiates p53 activation-, chemotherapy-, and TRAIL-induced cell death, but has only minimal activity by itself in leukemic cells. SMAC-mimetics could be useful in enhancing the efficacy of different classes of therapeutic agents used in AML therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Frequency of relapse over time based on baseline stage in esophageal cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation (DCRT).

e15013 Background: Evidence for definitive chemoradiotherapy (bimodality therapy [BMT]) has been established for patients with Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction cancers (EGEJC) who do not qualify for surgery. Frequency of relapse over time based on baseline clinical stage is not well described. Methods: We analyzed 276 patients with EGEJC who underwent BMT. All the patients had pre- and post- chemoradiation, endoscopic biopsy and imaging study. The type and timing of first relapse or persistent disease after BMT was analyzed using 12-month intervals and was grouped by the baseline stage. Multiple statistical methods were used. Results: For 276 patients, the median follow-up time was 53.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.3-58.7) and the median overall survival was 27.0months (95% CI, 20.7-33.3). A total of 184 (66.7%) patients had a persistent disease or relapse after BMT: 120 distant metastases (43.5% of 276) and 64 local-regional disease (23.2% of 276). The table below demonstrates that ba...
Developing a Supervisor Feedback Rating Scale: A Brief Report.

This single-subject study presents the development of an observational rating scale of supervision feedback. Feedback statements (N = 199) across 31 hours of supervision were scored on a 4-point sc...
Early stage design evaluation of shipboard power systems using multi-period power flow

Future shipboard power system architectures are designed to service high-power pulsed loads through a combination of generators and energy storage for volume and weight considerations. Optimal control solutions therefore depend on both past and future events. This complicates evaluation of the relative performance of different architectures due to dependence on controller strategies and algorithms. Herein, we introduce a technique for early stage evaluation of the relative performance of various ship power system designs by assuming a known future and calculating the best-case performance of any possible controller design. We demonstrate this technique using 6 mission scenarios on a representative multi-bus power system architecture. The controller has perfect future knowledge of the loads on each 10 minute mission, which provides an upper bound on performance for a given architecture. While not usually achievable in practice, this technique allows a fair early stage comparison of multiple architectures regardless of controller type.
Working group report-working group vil digital and real-time close range photogrammetry

With the new reorganization of the working groups within Commission V, there are significant interest in digital photogrammetry by all working groups within the Commission. The number of papers devoted to this subject in this Zurich Symposium is a clear evidence that computer vision techniques will be a major force in the automation of close-range photogrammetry in many traditional as well as new application areas. Within the new structure of the working groups, WG V/1 will have responsibility in areas related to the development and implementation of fully automated and real-time systems. More specifically, the terms of reference are as follows: 1. real-time vision systems for metric measurement; 2. near-real-time, but fully automated, vision systems with relaxed time constraints; 3. system hardware and software integration; and 4. demonstration of real-time and near-real-time systems in actual application environments.
Coated-pit dynamics

Many membrane proteins are taken up into the cell by the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis — the proteins are pinched off in vesicles coated with the protein clathrin. A study using a fusion protein (green fluorescent protein combined with the clathrin light-chain) now indicates that formation of these coated pits may be coupled to events at the membrane skeleton, possibly through scaffold proteins.
The third offset and nuclear weapons

ABSTRACTThird offset technologies are represented as game changing with respect to their implications for U.S. military strategy. In general, third offset technologies as applied to the art of war will emphasize information-driven conventional weapons that are smaller, lighter, and smarter, compared to earlier generations. How will weapons and systems based on third offset technologies coexist with nuclear weapons and their delivery systems, and what are the implications for deterrence and other forms of nuclear persuasion? The discussion here considers various aspects of the nuclear-third offset relationship while acknowledging that it is an open ended question for scientists, military planners and policy makers.
Hardware acceleration technologies

As we reached the end of the microprocessor frequency scaling era, we adopted multi-core programming paradigms to support the need for greater processing speeds. Parallel programming techniques and software optimizations work well for certain classes of problems but not all. More exotic hardware accelerators have taken a place in the arsenal of tools we must use to continue to develop more powerful computing machines. Examples of hardware acceleration in the computing world abound -- Graphical Processing Units (GPU) found in each of our laptops, desktops and smartphones are perhaps the most pervasive and well known example of accelerators. Without the aid of these dedicated computing engines, many of the processing capabilities that we take for granted would either not be possible or not be power efficient enough to meet a user's needs. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and specialized processors such as Intel's Xeon Phi are all examples of compute accelerators. When speaking about Hardware Accelerators, we must also note that is another category known as I/O acceleration technologies -- Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and TCP/IP Offload Engines (TOE) being prominent examples. There are also acceleration technologies that improve memory architectures -- Hybrid Memory Cube, Non-Volatile DIMMs, FLASH and various new forms of RAM all fall into this category.
Prognostic Role of BRAFV600E Cellular Localization in Melanoma.

Background Approximately half of cutaneous melanoma tissues harbor BRAF V600E mutations, resulting in a constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport machinery is dysregulated in neoplastic cells and alters the key regulatory proteins that can lead to tumor progression and drug resistance. The significance of nuclear localization of BRAF V600E has not been fully understood. We examined the clinical significance of intracellular localization of BRAF V600E in cutaneous melanoma. Study Design Immunohistochemical analysis of BRAF V600E was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of cutaneous melanoma (n = 91). Staining intensity was graded in a blinded manner. Correlations to clinical factors were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and 2-tailed t -test. Localization of BRAF V600E was determined in melanoma cells, and we investigated their resistance to BRAF V600E -specific inhibitor according to nuclear localization in both in vitro and in vivo models. Results We included 91 patients, of whom 32% (29 of 91) had cytoplasmic BRAF V600E . Nuclear BRAF V600E was observed in 30% (27 of 91). Overall, BRAF V600E expression correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.011), mitotic activity (p = 0.010), and ulceration (p = 0.045). Nuclear BRAF V600E expression correlated with overall clinical stage (p BRAF V600E was identified in the nucleus, and its translocation was serum dependent. Our in vitro and in vivo data revealed sequestration of BRAF V600E in the cytosol-sensitized resistant cells to vemurafenib; nuclear retention of BRAF V600E was associated with aggressiveness and drug resistance. Conclusions Nuclear localization of BRAF V600E is associated with melanoma aggressiveness. Further multi-institutional studies are warranted to confirm the clinical relevance of nuclear localization of BRAF V600E .
The composite dividend tax rate

Dividends often impose taxes on investors. However, as certain prior financial models indicate, they also can produce a tax gain from leverage. Hence the composite marginal dividend tax rate can be...
Multiplicative Effects of Social and Psychological Risk Factors on College Students’ Suicidal Behaviors

Less is known about the multiplicative effects of social and psychological risk and protective factors of suicidality on college campuses. The current study aimed to investigate the multiplicative effects of social (identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, financial difficulty, violence victimization, and religiosity) and psychological (anxiety, depression, problem alcohol use, drug use) and risk/protective factors on suicidal behaviors among college students in the United States. Using a cross-sectional design, the Healthy Mind Study (HMS; 2016⁻2017), is a national online survey of college students in the United States. Social (identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, violence victimization, financial difficulty, and religiosity) and psychological (anxiety, depression, problem alcohol use, and drug use) risk/protective factors were assessed among 27,961 individuals. Three aspects of suicidality, including ideation, plan, and attempt, were also assessed. Logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Financial difficulty, violence victimization, identifying oneself as gay/lesbian, anxiety, depression, and drug use increased, while religiosity reduced the odds of suicidal behaviors. Multiplicative effects were found between the following social and psychological risk factors: (1) financial difficulty and anxiety; (2) financial difficulty and depression; (3) depression and drug use; (4) problem alcohol use and drug use; and (5) depression and problem alcohol use. There is a considerable overlap in the social and psychological processes, such as financial stress, mood disorders, and substance use problems, on risk of suicide in college students. As social and psychological risk factors do not operate independently, comprehensive suicidal risk evaluations that simultaneously address multiple social and psychological risk factors may be superior to programs that only address a single risk factor.
Development and Evaluation of a Device to Measure Walking Speed

This manuscript describes the development and testing of a device to measure walking speed. The Gaitbox is a custom, microprocessor-based device that uses an infrared distance sensor to automatically measure, calculate and display walking speed. Walking speed is a critical performance measure that has been shown to be a strong indicator of long-term health and life expectancy in older people. The Gaitbox was compared to the measures obtained by clinicians administering the timed NIH 4-m walk test and the Sprint System device.
The Nature of the Bankrupt Firm: A Reply to Baird and Rasmussen's 'The End of Bankruptcy'

In an article recently published in the Stanford Law Review Professors Douglas G. Baird and Robert K. Rasmussen assert that big-case bankruptcy reorganizations have "all but disappeared" and give three theoretical explanations. This reply provides empirical evidence that the assertion is wrong; reorganizations not only survive but are booming. It then explains how their theoretical explanations led Baird and Rasmussen to the wrong conclusion. In their first explanation, Baird and Rasmussen note that modern firms have few firm-specific or dedicated assets. From that observation, they argue that the firms have no going concern value. This reply argues that the going concern value of bankrupt firms exists independently of the firm's assets and does not depend on their nature. Instead, going concern value inheres in the relationships among people and assets. Modern firms continue to generate those relationships and so continue to have substantial going concern value. Baird and Rasmussen's second explanation relies on asserted recent advances in bankruptcy contracting. They claim those advances made it possible to deliver control rights dynamically to investors whose incentives match the interests of the firm. Through these contracts, creditors who are the residual owners of the firm are put in control of the firm, rendering reorganization superfluous. This reply notes that Baird and Rasmussen supply no description of the contracts involved. It also provides empirical evidence that the pattern of contracting claimed is impossible because no single class of residual owners exists in most bankrupt firms. In their third explanation, Baird and Rasmussen argue that improvements in the market for firms have made sale as a going concern an effective substitute for reorganization. This reply explains why reorganizations would continue even if firms could be sold for their full going concern values.
An Artificial Tissue Homeostasis Circuit Designed via Analog Circuit Techniques

Tissue homeostasis (feedback control) is an important mechanism that regulates the population of different cell types within a tissue. In type-1 diabetes, auto-immune attack and consequent death of pancreatic β cells result in the failure of homeostasis and loss of organ function. Synthetically engineered adult stem cells with homeostatic control based on digital logic have been proposed as a solution for regenerating β cells. Such previously proposed homeostatic control circuits have thus far been unable to reliably control both stem-cell proliferation and stem-cell differentiation. Using analog circuits and feedback systems analysis, we have designed an in silico circuit that performs homeostatic control by utilizing a novel scheme with both symmetric and asymmetric division of stem cells. The use of a variety of feedback systems analysis techniques, which is common in analog circuit design, including root-locus techniques, Bode plots of feedback-loop frequency response, compensation techniques for improving stability, and robustness analysis help us choose design parameters to meet desirable specifications. For example, we show that lead compensation in analog circuits instantiated as an incoherent feed-forward loop in the biological circuit improves stability, whereas simultaneously reducing steady-state tracking error. Our symmetric and asymmetric division scheme also improves phase margin in the feedback loop, and thus improves robustness. This paper could be useful in porting an analog-circuit design framework to synthetic biological applications of the future.
Variation in Response of Selected American Elm Clones to Ophiostoma ulmi

Abstract Ramets of nine American elm (Ulmus americana L.) clones or cultivars were planted with ramets of Ulmus ‘Frontier’, Ulmus ‘Prospector’, and American elm seedlings in a randomized block, spl...
Relation of positive memory recall count and accessibility with post-trauma mental health.

ABSTRACTPositive memory encoding and retrieval deficits have an empirical relation with several post-trauma outcomes. Drawing from the Contractor et al. model, we examined relations between positiv...
Biochar increases nitrate removal capacity of woodchip biofilters during high-intensity rainfall.

Abstract Stormwater biofilters have been increasingly used to mitigate the impact of climate change on the export of contaminants including nitrate to water bodies. Yet, their performance is rarely tested under high-intensity rainfall events, which are predicted to occur more frequently under climate change scenarios. We examined the potential of biochar to improve the resilience of woodchip biofilters under simulated high-intensity rainfall events and linked denitrification to biochar-mediated changes in hydrological (physical), chemical, and biological properties of woodchip biofilters. Results showed that nitrate removal capacity of woodchip biofilters decreased with increases in rainfall intensity or duration and decreases in antecedent drying time. However, adding biochar to woodchips significantly decreased the exhaustion rate of woodchips, only when the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was less than 5 h. At longer HRT (>5 h), the benefits of biochar became less apparent. We attributed the improved denitrification during high nitrate loading to biochar's ability to decrease dissolved oxygen in pore water and increase water holding capacity and retention of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate—all of which could increase nitrate utilization. Biochar increased the net microbial biomass but did not affect the relative abundance of denitrifying genes, which indicates that a shift in microbial biomass could not fully explain the observed increase in nitrate removal in biochar-augmented woodchip biofilters. Overall, the results showed that biochar could increase the resiliency of woodchip biofilters for denitrification in high-intensity rainfall events, a worst-case scenario, thereby mitigating the water quality degradation during climate change.
Lessons learned in acute respiratory distress syndrome from the animal laboratory

Since the description of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 1967, investigators have struggled to reproduce the syndrome in the animal laboratory. While several different models of experimental acute lung injury (ALI) have been developed, none completely capture the inciting etiologies, initial inflammation, heterogeneity, and resolution of human ARDS. This potentially has contributed to the poor translation of potential therapeutics between animal ALI models and human ARDS. It was only recently that standardized criteria were suggested for what makes an ALI model comparable to human ARDS. Nevertheless, despite model heterogeneity, these models have contributed substantially to our understanding of the syndrome. From the initial studies identifying the risks of mechanical ventilation to the identification of potentially targetable inflammatory mediators, to modern studies focusing on regional heterogeneity and novel molecular pathways, animal models continue to inform our understanding of ARDS. This review will cover several major lessons learned from animal models of ALI, and provide some direction for future studies in this field.
U.S. Grass-Fed Beef Producers: Goal Structure and Reasons for Enterprise Selection

We examine the relative importance of eight goals U.S. grass-fed beef (GFB) producers have for their farms and the relative importance of nine reasons for selecting the GFB enterprise. We further analyze factors affecting goal structure and reasons for selecting the enterprise. The data used for this study are from a 2013 mail survey of U.S. GFB producers. The most important reasons for selecting the GFB enterprise included “producing healthy beef” and “GFB is good for the environment,” classified in the study as social and environmental sustainability reasons, respectively. Reasons such as “profitability” and “strong demand for GFB” were generally of lower importance.
A Systematic Review of Treatment Options for Grieving Older Adults

The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize the studies published on grief interventions for bereaved older adults in the last 5 years. Grief intervention studies were included that exclusively focused on older adults as well as those that included older adults in their samples, in order to summarize the most up-to-date treatment options available for bereaved older adults. Twenty-four articles that investigated grief interventions in older adults were identified. Generally, findings suggest that viable treatment approaches for bereaved older adults are those incorporating behavioral activation and guidance on restoration-oriented coping. However, similar to studies of broader adult populations, grief interventions had small effects on grief-related symptoms in older adults. Few studies examined age as a moderator of treatment effects. Studies varied greatly by study design, sample size, and outcomes measured, which all likely impacted the efficacy of results. This review suggests that, while there has been a growing focus on older adults who have unique vulnerabilities in bereavement, the evidence base of efficacious interventions for this population is limited. Given the need for specialized bereavement support for older adults will increase in the coming years, future research should prioritize rigorous investigations of grief treatment options leveraging technology to increase access and incorporate techniques that enhance engagement in life and connectedness for this vulnerable population.
High-Yield Production of Aqueous Graphene for Electrohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Printing of Biocompatible Conductive Patterns.

Presented here is a scalable and aqueous phase exfoliation of graphite to high yield and quality of few layer graphene (FLG) using Bovine Serum Albomine (BSA) and wet ball milling. The produced graphene ink is tailored for printable and flexible electronics, having shown promising results in terms of electrical conductivity and temporal stability. Shear force generated by steel balls which resulted in 2–3 layer defect-free graphene platelets with an average size of hundreds of nm, and with a concentration of about 5.1 mg/mL characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. Further, a conductive ink was prepared and printed on flexible substrate (Polyimide) with controlled resolution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Profilometry revealed the effect of thermal annealing on the prints to concede consistent morphological characteristics. The resulted sheet resistance was measured to be R s = 36.75 Ω / sqr for prints as long as 100 mm. Printable inks were produced in volumes ranging from 20 mL to 1 L, with potential to facilitate large scale production of graphene for applications in biosensors, as well as flexible and printable electronics.
Rural Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Literature Review.

Topic of Review:The current study sought to review the state of existing knowledge on rural maltreatment.Method of Review:We conducted a scoping literature review to answer two research questions: ...
Exploiting dynamic magnetic fields for new magnetorheological fluid damping capability

When considering damping in the design of a vibration system, magnetorheological (MR) fluids can provide an alternative to more traditional dampers that can take up unnecessary mass and volume on aircraft and space missions. The goal of this paper is to study the effects of transient magnetic fields on vibration systems in order to allow the system to reach its equilibrium position. These effects are modeled using a sandwich beam with an MR fluid core. A numerical and experimental modal analysis is conducted on the beam to measure the properties of the first mode, which are then used for a transient finite element model where multiple transient magnetic fields influence the beam’s motion. Comparing the modal analysis results reveals that both analyses are in agreement, as they offer similar modal parameters for the first mode. The free-decay numerical simulation shows that transient magnetic fields allow the sandwich beam to return to equilibrium, while also doing so quickly. Among other steps, future work will primarily consist of replicating the numerical transient results experimentally.
Strange Bedfellows: Coordinating Medicare and Medicaid to Achieve Cost-Effective Care for Patients with the Greatest Health Needs.

This perspective describes federal efforts in the United States (U.S.) to integrate care for an especially complex, vulnerable, and costly patient population: adults eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid insurance. The goal of the paper is to demystify for clinical policy leaders and practicing clinicians the origins and evolution of the Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNPs) recently permanently authorized by the U.S. Congress and to explore the potential for these policy changes to help such health plans improve care for the sickest and most vulnerable Americans.
Diffusive coupling in heptane-saturated kerogen isolates evidenced by NMR T1-T2 and T2-T2 maps

Abstract It is well known that in unconventional shale, the 1H NMR T 1 / T 2 ratio for light producible hydrocarbons in the kerogen ( T 1 / T 2 ≃ 3 ↔ 6 ) is larger than water in the clays ( T 1 / T 2 ≃ 2 ). While such a contrast in T 1 / T 2 is potentially useful for fluid typing and saturation in shale, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our previous NMR reports at f 0 = 2.3 MHz of heptane-saturated kerogen isolates distinguished two signals (a) inter-granular heptane between the kerogen grains with small T 1 / T 2 ≃ 2 . 4 , and (b) dissolved heptane in the kerogen grain with large T 1 / T 2 ≃ 70 . In this report we present new evidence of diffusive coupling effects between the inter-granular heptane and the dissolved heptane using T 1 - T 2 correlation maps as a function of saturation and T 2 - T 2 exchange maps. Our results indicate a phenomenon not previously reported; namely, different diffusive-coupling regimes between T 1 (with intermediate coupling) and T 2 (with weak coupling). We find that T 1 / T 2 of the inter-granular heptane increases from T 1 / T 2 ≃ 2 . 1 → 6 . 5 with decreasing saturation of the inter-granular pore-space, which we attribute to increasing confinement and the difference in diffusive coupling between T 1 and T 2 . Our findings imply that the large range T 1 / T 2 ≃ 3 ↔ 6 of the inter-granular (i.e. the more producible) hydrocarbons in shale is due to confinement together with diffusive-coupling effects with the dissolved (i.e. the less producible) hydrocarbons in kerogen.
Detectability of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and rates of mortality from the novel coronavirus infection in different regions of the Russian Federation

Relevance: Laboratory diagnosis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection combined with quarantine for contacts of infected individuals affects the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and levels of related mortality. Practices for testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection vary geographically in Russia. For example, in the city of St. Petersburg, where mortality rate for COVID-19 is the highest in the Russian Federation on Oct. 25, 2020, every death for COVID-19 corresponds to 15.7 detected cases of COVID-19 in the population, while the corresponding number for the whole of Russia is 58.1, suggesting limited detection of mild/moderate cases of COVID-19 in St. Petersburg. Methods: More active testing for SARS-CoV-2 results in lower case-fatality ratio (i.e. the proportion of detected COVID-19 cases among all cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population). We used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths to examine the correlation between case-fatality ratios and rates of mortality for COVID-19 in different regions of the Russian Federation. Results: The correlation between case-fatality ratios and rates of mortality for COVID-19 in different regions of the Russian Federation on Oct. 25, 2020 is 0.64 (0.50,0.75). For several regions of the Russian Federation, detectability of SARS-CoV-2 infection is relatively low, while rates of mortality for COVID-19 are relatively high. Conclusions: Detectability of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is one of the factors that affects the levels of mortality from COVID-19. To increase detectability, one ought to test all individuals with respiratory symptoms seeking medical care for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to undertake additional measures to increase the volume of testing for SARS-CoV-2. Such measures, in combination with quarantine for infected cases and their close contacts help to mitigate the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and diminish the related mortality.
Analysis of Temperature Field for Ultra High Voltage Transformer Bushings

The temperature field of transformer bushings is one of the important problems to be considered in bushings design. It is of great significance to analyze the temperature field of casing for evaluating the operation state of bushings. In this paper, the heat loss of the bushings has been calculated based on the structure of 1000 kV oil paper capacitor bushings. And a simplified two-dimensional model of the UHV bushings was constructed. After setting reasonable boundary conditions, the temperature field of the two-dimensional model was calculated and analyzed. Finally, the temperature distribution diagram of UHV bushings was calculated by simulation, and the temperature distribution rule and its influencing factors also have been analyzed. The results can provide important references for the design and operation of UHV Transformer Bushings.