cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Touching Gold Nanoparticle Chain Based Plasmonic Antenna Arrays and Optical Metamaterials

The control of light–material interactions at the nanoscale requires optical elements with sizes much smaller than the wavelength of light. Plasmonic nanostructures and optical metamaterials enable drastic control and manipulation of light at such small scales. However it is quite challenging to further reduce the size of resonant elements using conventional plasmonic nanostructures. In this paper, we propose novel optical resonators that rely on the conducting plasmon mode of touching nanoparticle chains that enable significant size reduction when compared with widely used nanostripe antennas and U-shaped split-ring resonators. We employ full-field electromagnetic simulations to study the resonance mechanisms of nanoparticle chain arrays. In comparison with the nanobar plasmonic antennas, a nanoparticle chain based antenna with similar physical sizes operates at larger wavelengths, opening routes for deep subwavelength plasmonic resonators. Moreover, using nanoshell chain arrays, we demonstrate an optica...
Sonography of benign renal cystic disease.

Abstract When evaluating renal cystic mass lesions, ultrasound plays an important part in distinguishing cysts from solid lesions and in demonstrating the complex internal architecture of cystic lesions. Ultrasound is usually the initial imaging modality for patients who have medical renal disease. When renal cystic disease is identified, it is extremely important to accurately communicate the findings and attempt to distinguish benign from surgical lesions.
A Computer-Based Soil Moisture Monitoring and Hydrating System

A computer-based soil moisture monitoring and hydrating system is described in this paper. This system is made of two major components: the sensing unit, and the main station. The sending unit can be located out in a lawn or field, while the main station can be located close to the sprinkler system control. This system provides soil moisture measurements, and it also interfaces with an irrigation system to allow for automatic watering of the soil. Components of the system, as well as tests carried out on the system are described.
Party and State in Cuba: Gender Equality in Political Decision Making

This article examines the Cuban record concerning gender equality in political decision making. I begin with a brief overview of Cuba's system of government. I then examine the gender composition of the country's legislative structures, discuss efforts to strengthen women's political participation, and compare the inclusion of women into key state and party decision-making bodies. The article is guided by three main arguments: First, in Cuba's legislative structures, women have a greater presence at the national than at the local level, contrary to the experience of the United States and Western Europe. Second, despite the official position denying the existence of gender quotas, Cuba does implement measures of positive discrimination in order to strengthen women's presence in politics. Finally, Cuban women face a glass ceiling as they move up to positions of greater decision-making power, a reality faced by women all over the world. The excellent gender composition of Cuba's parliament is an apparent exception that confirms the following rule: The state of gender equality in Cuba's decision-making structures reveals an inverse relationship between the actual decision-making power of a particular institution and the presence of women. That is, the higher we get in the institutional decision-making hierarchy, the fewer women we find. The evidence presented in this article demonstrates that Cuba has not made as much progress in achieving gender equality in political decision making as some of the official data would indicate, and that women continue to be largely excluded from the most important decision-making bodies.The article is based on a report commissioned by the European Commission. The views expressed herein are those of the author and can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. The author gratefully acknowledges the excellent advice given by two anonymous reviewers and the editors for revising this manuscript.
Study of thermal conductivity of ice clusters after impact deposition on the silica surfaces using the ReaxFF reactive force field.

During aircraft or spacecraft missions, ice accumulates on different parts of their surface elements. An important parameter affecting the ability to remove this ice from the surface is the heat transfer characteristics of the accumulated ice. The ice heat transfer is related to the process of ice formation and its density and internal structure. In this study we investigate the effects of the ice and silica structure and the ice cluster attachment mechanism to the silica surface on the thermal conductivity (TC) of the attached ice cluster using the ReaxFF reactive force field. The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal transport in amorphous and crystalline ice after high-velocity deposition on the silica surfaces. A dual thermostat method has been applied for the calculation of TC values. The validity of this method has been verified by comparing the calculated values of TC for crystal and amorphous ice with available experimental values. Our calculations show that the TC values of both crystal and amorphous ice drop after deposition on the silica surfaces. This decrease in the TC is more significant for the ice deposition on suboxide silica surfaces. Furthermore, crystal ice shows higher TC values than amorphous ice after accumulation. However, when crystal ice impacts on the silica surface at 1 km s−1 impact speed, the crystalline shape of the ice cluster is lost to a considerable level and the TC values obtained for the ice clusters in such cases are closer to amorphous ice TC values. We observed a decrease in the TC values when ionic species are added inside the ice clusters.
Intraoperative Consultation in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Brain Tumors

Context The prevalence of brain tumors in the pediatric population differs from that in the adult population. Similarly, the frequency and location of the different histologic types of brain tumors vary significantly between the pediatric and adult populations. Objective To familiarize the pathologist with the pediatric brain tumors encountered during intraoperative consultation and with the appropriate differential diagnoses in this setting. Data sources The medical literature and the author's experience and expertise. Conclusion Compared with adult brain tumors, pediatric brain tumors present different challenges and distinct differential diagnoses that the pathologist should be aware of during intraoperative consultation.
Integrating sustainability across the computer science curriculum

Issues of sustainability have received considerable attention on college campuses over the last decade. However, actions taken in support of sustainability generally take the form of changing the practices of campus institutions and individuals (instituting a recycling program, for example). This paper describes experiences with incorporating sustainability topics into the computer science curriculum, at both the introductory and upper-levels. The results support the hypothesis that leveraging what the university does best -- teaching and learning -- can be an effective way to make students aware of these important issues, and possibly to motivate modified behavior. Moreover, computer science is an ideal discipline in which to embed sustainability lessons.
The Growth of Collegiate Women's Sports: The 1960s

(1993). The Growth of Collegiate Women's Sports: The 1960s. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 41-63.
Methodological quality of behavioural weight loss studies: a systematic review.

This systematic review assessed the methodological quality of behavioural weight loss intervention studies conducted among adults and associations between quality and statistically significant weight loss outcome, strength of intervention effectiveness and sample size. Searches for trials published between January, 2009 and December, 2014 were conducted using PUBMED, MEDLINE and PSYCINFO and identified ninety studies. Methodological quality indicators included study design, anthropometric measurement approach, sample size calculations, intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, loss to follow-up rate, missing data strategy, sampling strategy, report of treatment receipt and report of intervention fidelity (mean = 6.3). Indicators most commonly utilized included randomized design (100%), objectively measured anthropometrics (96.7%), ITT analysis (86.7%) and reporting treatment adherence (76.7%). Most studies (62.2%) had a follow-up rate > 75% and reported a loss to follow-up analytic strategy or minimal missing data (69.9%). Describing intervention fidelity (34.4%) and sampling from a known population (41.1%) were least common. Methodological quality was not associated with reporting a statistically significant result, effect size or sample size. This review found the published literature of behavioural weight loss trials to be of high quality for specific indicators, including study design and measurement. Identified for improvement include utilization of more rigorous statistical approaches to loss to follow up and better fidelity reporting.
Zeolite catalysts for deep catalytic cracking light gasoline etherification

The etherification reaction activities of the several zeolite catalysts are evaluated using deep catalytic cracking light gasoline and methanol as the feed. It is found that the H β -zeolite has the highest reaction activity. The H β -zeolite is modified with chlorhydric acid, effect of acidity of H β -zeolite,calcination temperature and adhesive content on etherification reaction activity are investigated, and reaction condition is studied. The test results show that the etherification reaction activity of the H β -zeolite modified with the 0.5 mol/L chlorhydric acid is comparable with that of the resin, and gum content in the product is small. Optimum calcination temperature is 550 ℃, mass fraction of adhesive is 30%. Optimum reaction condition: temperature is 95 ℃, pressure is 1.2 MPa, space velocity is 1.2 h -1 , oil/alcohol volume ratio is 7. Isopentene conversion is 77.5% and mass fraction of TAME is 17.3% at optimum reaction condition. This shows that the catalyst has higher activity, better selectivity and higher thermal stability. It has a good application prospect.
Epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in schools and child care settings in Xihu district of Hangzhou,2009-2014

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in schools and child care settings in Xihu district of Hangzhou,and provide scientific evidence for the varicella prevention and control in schools.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of varicella outbreaks in the schools and child care settings in Xihu district during 2009-2014. Results A total of 28 varicella outbreaks occurred in schools and child care settings during this period,and 354 cases reported with the incidence of 6. 59‰. The incidence peaks were during March-April and during September-December. Seventeen outbreaks occurred in primary schools( 60. 71%). The cases were mainly distributed in age group 6-11 years( 250 cases,70. 62%). A total of 179 breakthrough cases were reported from 2009 to 2014,accounting for 50. 56% of the total cases. The index cases were breakthrough cases in 13 outbreaks( 46. 43%). Conclusion The incidence of varicella outbreak was high in schools,especially primary schools,but the protective effect of one dose varicella vaccination is insufficient,The immunization of2 dose varicella vaccine would facilitate the varicella prevention and control in schools.
Application of Ultraviolet Imagery Technology in Partial Discharge Measurement Test of UHV Transformer

Jindongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen 1 000 kV UHVAC transmission project is the project of the largest capacity and the highest voltage level in the world. Most of its UHV electric equipment handover tests are the first.Especially for the partial discharge(PD)test of 1 000 kV transformer, better anti-interference measurement method is required due to the conditions of higher test voltage, complex field environment, and higher standard. In this paper, the detection of external corona interference by ultraviolet imaging technology in the PD test of 1 000 kV transformer is introduced. With the detection method, the external interference in the PD test can be located rapidly and accurately,thus the interference can be eliminated to ensure successful PD test.
Thinking about the Implementation of the University Student Physical Healthy Standard

This paper analyzed the situation in the implementation of the 《University student Physique Healthy Standard》(here after refers to as "Standard") in ordinary universities through survey method,and compared with the comparability index of national university student physique health state,its result confirmed that physique health state of university students in ordinary universities has no remarkable difference with the national university.Standard as the education method of encouraging students to do physical exercise positively,embodies the individual evaluation measures of the student physical health.Undoubtly,it will promote the development of the student physical health.Its investigation goal lies in summarying experience and finding problems in time in the implementation of the Standard,providing the basic data and scientific basis for enhancing and improving university students physical health state,benefiting the functional department in policy making.
Active Ingredients for an Embedded Intervention within the Early Childhood Classroom.

ABSTRACTAs public education moves toward a tiered model of intervention (Response to Intervention), occupational therapists need to understand how to effectively implement interventions at each tier. The purpose of this article is to report about a process of examining teacher-therapist meeting transcripts from a feasibility study to find the active ingredients necessary to create an embedded intervention in an early childhood education setting. An embedded intervention represents a Tier 1 approach.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT INDUCED MUTAGENESIS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

ABSTRACT UV-induced mutations in Saccharomyces appear to arise from the action of a multi-step, branching process, different branches giving rise to mutations of different kinds or at different genetic sites. Mutations may occur at some distance from the causal photoproduct, and almost always involve single base pair changes. These observations are difficult to explain according to a single-step unitary model of the kind proposed by Radman ( 2 ), and may indicate that prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in this respect.
Skin scarification with Plasmodium falciparum peptide vaccine using synthetic TLR agonists as adjuvants elicits malaria sporozoite neutralizing immunity.

Malaria eradication will require a combination of vector control, chemotherapy and an easily administered vaccine. Sterile immunity can be elicited in humans by immunization with sporozoites, the infective stage injected by bite of the mosquito vector, however, whole parasite vaccines present formidable logistical challenges for production, storage and administration. The “gold standard” for infectious disease eradiation, the Smallpox Eradication Programme, utilized mass immunization using the skin scarification (SS) route. SS may more closely mimic the natural route of malaria infection initiated by sporozoites injected by mosquito bite which elicits both neutralizing antibodies and protective cell mediated immunity. We investigated the potential of SS immunization using a malaria repeat peptide containing a protective B cell epitope of Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal human species, and delivery vehicles containing TLR agonists as adjuvants. In a murine model, SS immunization with peptide in combination with TLR-7/8 and -9 agonists elicited high levels of systemic sporozoite neutralizing antibody, Th1- type CD4+ T cells and resistance to challenge by bites of infected mosquitoes. SS provides the potential to elicit humoral immunity to target Plasmodium at multiple stages of its complex life cycle.
Child Abuse, Neural Structure, and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective Child abuse exerts a deleterious impact on a broad array of mental health outcomes. However, the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this association remain poorly characterized. Here, we use a longitudinal design to prospectively identify neural mediators of the association between child abuse and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Method Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and assessments of mental health were acquired for 51 adolescents (aged 13-20; M=16.96; SD=1.51), 19 of whom were exposed to physical or sexual abuse. Participants were assessed for abuse exposure (time 1), participated in MRI scanning and a diagnostic structured interview (time 2), and 2 years later were followed-up to assess psychopathology (time 3). We examined associations between child abuse and neural structure, and identified whether abuse-related differences in neural structure prospectively predicted psychiatric symptoms. Results Abuse was associated with reduced cortical thickness in medial and lateral prefrontal and temporal lobe regions. Thickness of the left and right parahippocampal gyrus predicted antisocial behavior symptoms, and thickness of the middle temporal gyrus predicted symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Thickness of the left parahippocampal gyrus mediated the longitudinal association of abuse with antisocial behavior. Conclusion Child abuse is associated with widespread disruptions in cortical structure, and these disruptions are selectively associated with increased vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Identifying predictive biomarkers of vulnerability following childhood maltreatment may uncover neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking environmental experience with the onset of psychopathology.
Locating the Internet in the Parks of Havana

Since March 2015, the public squares of Havana have been transformed from places where people stroll and children play to places where crowds gather to try to connect to the internet at all hours of the day and night. We present a field investigation of public WiFi hotspots in Havana, Cuba, and examine the possibilities of internet access these limited and expensive hotspots present to individuals, many of who are experiencing the internet for the first time. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in 2015-2016, we underscore the reconfigurations that have resulted from this access, as evolving internet users reconfigure their interactions with place, time, and individuals in their efforts to locate the internet. We also discuss the implications our findings have for the design of internet access interventions in Cuba and in other low-resource environments across the world, as well as the broader implications for social computing across diverse geographies.
Rosai–Dorfman Disease with Activating KRAS Mutation — Response to Cobimetinib

A 60-year-old man with fatigue and a perinephric mass was found to have Rosai–Dorfman disease expressing an activating mutation in KRAS. A course of therapy with oral cobimetinib produced a respons...
Coordination to lanthanide ions distorts binding site conformation in calmodulin.

The Ca2+-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) is a popular model of biological ion binding since it is both experimentally tractable and essential to survival in all eukaryotic cells. CaM modulates hundreds of target proteins and is sensitive to complex patterns of Ca2+ exposure, indicating that it functions as a sophisticated dynamic transducer rather than a simple on/off switch. Many details of this transduction function are not well understood. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultrafast 2D infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, and electronic structure calculations were used to probe interactions between bound metal ions (Ca2+ and several trivalent lanthanide ions) and the carboxylate groups in CaM’s EF-hand ion-coordinating sites. Since Tb3+ is commonly used as a luminescent Ca2+ analog in studies of protein−ion binding, it is important to characterize distinctions between the coordination of Ca2+ and the lanthanides in CaM. Although functional assays indicate that Tb3+ fully activates many Ca2+-dependent proteins, our FTIR spectra indicate that Tb3+, La3+, and Lu3+ disrupt the bidentate coordination geometry characteristic of the CaM binding sites’ strongly conserved position 12 glutamate residue. The 2D IR spectra indicate that, relative to the Ca2+-bound form, lanthanide-bound CaM exhibits greater conformational flexibility and larger structural fluctuations within its binding sites. Time-dependent 2D IR lineshapes indicate that binding sites in Ca2+−CaM occupy well-defined configurations, whereas binding sites in lanthanide-bound-CaM are more disordered. Overall, the results show that binding to lanthanide ions significantly alters the conformation and dynamics of CaM’s binding sites.
Social Movements and Housing

Housing has long played a central role in social movements both in cities and in rural areas. This article focuses on housing social movements primarily in cities. Housing movements have a long history, and have taken many different forms. This article briefly discusses that history and describes some of the primary forms including rent strikes, squatting, slum dwellers’ movements, movements opposing gentrification, movements against housing discrimination, and conservative homeowners’ movements. It argues that while housing movements have often realised significant political victories, they have more often failed to do so; both because of the secondary role of housing in the larger political economy and because of the inability of poor people in housing movements to generate enough of a threat to the established political economy to force changes to occur.
Early Diagenesis: Consequences for Applications of Molecular Biomarkers

Detailed analyses of organic materials in soils, recent sediments, and natural waters invariably indicate the presence of complex mixtures of organic molecules (Eglinton and Murphy, 1969; Thurman, 1985). Typically, a major fraction of the total organic matter is highly degraded and occurs in structurally complex polymers such as humic substances (Christman and Frimmel, 1988). In spite of these complexities, organic materials in modern natural environments are of interest as sources of energy and nutrition, as recorders of past environmental conditions, and as precursors for the formation of fossil resources. The amounts and distributions of organic materials from different biological or geographic sources often are a fundamental consideration in studies of processes, such as production, transport, and degradation, that affect organic remains in natural settings. Thus, the development and use of dependable source indicators has been a major thrust in organic geochemistry.
C1 Interpolation on Higher-Dimensional Analogues of the 4-Direction Mesh

The well-known square mesh with both diagonals drawn in is generalized to the m-dimensional mesh Δ m generated by {(v 1, ..., v m ): v i ∈ {−1, 0, 1}, i = 1,...,m}. Sharp necessary and sufficient conditions on data at the vertices of Δ m are given that allow interpolation of the data by m-variate, C 1 piecewise polynomials of degree m + 1. For degree m + 2 and higher, values and normals at the vertices can be stably interpolated and a unit-norm C 2 Lagrange function for each vertex is exhibited.
Clinical Findings in a Multicenter MRI Study of Mild TBI

Background: Uncertainty continues to surround mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis, symptoms, prognosis, and outcome due in part to a lack of objective biomarkers of injury and recovery. As mTBI gains recognition as a serious public health epidemic, there is need to identify risk factors, diagnostic tools, and imaging biomarkers to help guide diagnosis and management. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients (15-50 years old) were enrolled acutely after mTBI and followed with up to four standardized serial assessments over 3 months. Each encounter included a clinical exam, neuropsychological assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chi-square and linear mixed models were used to assess changes over time and determine potential biomarkers of mTBI severity and outcome. Results: The symptoms most frequently endorsed after mTBI were headache (91%), not feeling right (89%), fatigue (86%), and feeling slowed down (84%). Of the 104 mTBI patients with a processed MRI scan, 28 (27%) subjects had white matter changes which were deemed unrelated to age, and 26 of these findings were deemed unrelated to acute trauma. Of the neuropsychological assessments tested, 5- and 6-Digit Backward Recall, the modified Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Immediate 5-Word Recall significantly improved longitudinally in mTBI subjects and differentiated between mTBI subjects and controls. Female sex was found to increase symptom severity scores (SSS) at every time point. Age ≥ 25 years was correlated with increased SSS. Subjects aged ≥ 25 also did not improve longitudinally on 5-Digit Backward Recall, Immediate 5-Word Recall, or Single-Leg Stance of the BESS, whereas subjects < 25 years improved significantly. Patients who reported personal history of depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disorder had higher SSS at each time point. Conclusions: The results of this study show that 5- and 6-Digit Backward Recall, the modified BESS, and Immediate 5-Word Recall should be considered useful in demonstrating cognitive and vestibular improvement during the mTBI recovery process. Clinicians should take female sex, older age, and history of psychiatric disorder into account when managing mTBI patients. Further study is necessary to determine the true prevalence of white matter changes in people with mTBI.
Using Individual Differences to Segment the “Market” for an Attribution-Based Substance Abuse Intervention Program:

Prior research has shown that young people are more likely to say no to a peer group's drug or alcohol consumption when they also ask why. That is, being able to explain peer substance abuse, especially in terms of normative motives, has been associated with reduced conformity. The authors show that individual differences based on prior attitudes toward illicit consumption and susceptibility to social influence are useful for segmenting young people to better target and design effective intervention strategies. Results from Studies 1 and 2 indicate that prior attitude toward marijuana consumption and reported marijuana usage affect the explanations made to account for a peer group's substance abuse. In Study 2, the association between normative explanations for peer marijuana use and intentions to smoke marijuana is shown to depend on susceptibility to social influence. The implications of these findings for future research and for public policy are also discussed.
The impact of the Cook County state’s attorney’s office deferred prosecution program

AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office Deferred Prosecution Program (DPP) on participation outcome patterns and compares recidivism rates between a sa...
A Question of Trust

The high profile cases of scientific misconduct which have surfaced in recent years have highlighted the need for guidelines to help researchers avoid drifting over the line into fraud, and to ensure that honest researchers are in a position to effectively guard themselves against such accusations. Ultimately, the integrity and credibility of science depends upon the intellectual honesty of its researchers.
Absolute Continuity and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Every continuous function \(f :[a, b] \rightarrow \mathbb {C}\) is measurable, but there are many ways in which a continuous function can be “badly behaved.” For example, even though the Cantor–Lebesgue function \(\varphi \) is continuous, is differentiable almost everywhere, is monotone increasing, and maps [0, 1] onto itself, it also has the following properties: \(\bullet \) it maps a set with measure zero to a set that has positive measure; \(\bullet \) it maps a measurable set to a nonmeasurable set; \(\bullet \) the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC) does not apply to \(\varphi \); \(\bullet \) \(\varphi \) is singular but not constant.
Investigating Long-Term Stability of Wide Bandwidth Surface Acoustic Waves Gyroscopes Using a Monolithically Integrated Micro-Oven

This paper is the first to investigate the long-term stability of Surface Acoustic Wave Gyroscopes (SAWG) using an ovenized control system. Monolithic integration of a MEMS heater adjacent to SAW devices on Lithium Niobate over insulator substrate (LNOI) tightly couples frequency-based temperature detection with heating for temperature and frequency stabilization. This first prototype demonstrates the ability to minimize the temperature variations of the SAWG to below $\pm 10\ \mu\mathrm{K}$ and stabilize the SAWG resonance frequency to ±0.2 ppm. This approach thus eliminates the thermal drift in a SAWG and enables the development of a new generation of MEMS-based gyroscopes with long-term stability.
Indigenous Modernities in South America: edited by Ernst Halbmayer, Canon Pyon, Sean Kingston Publishing, 2018, 327 pp., index, (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-912385-01-0

The anthropology of South America has a long tradition of documenting indigenous lifeways that defy categorisation according to Western frameworks. Contributors to anthropology’s recent ‘ontologica...
Comparison of Clinical Performance Between Two Generations of Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Systems in Treatments of Uterine Leiomyomas.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of technology improvements on the outcomes of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatments of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas (uterine fibroids). The study compared ablation volumes and incidence of adverse events in patient groups treated with two generations of MRgFUS systems from a single vendor. Methods The present study describes the results of a retrospective comparative study of two groups of women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas who were clinically treated with MRgFUS at a single institution. Group 1 (n = 130) was treated using the first-generation system between March 2005 and December 2009. Group 2 (n = 71) was treated using the second-generation between December 2013 and September 2019. Results The second-generation MRgFUS system resulted in significantly improved nonperfused volume ratios in both dark and bright T2 fibroid categories compared with the first-generation system (dark – 80% versus46 %, p = 0.00002 and bright – 46% versus 32%, p = 0.001). There have been no recorded hospital admissions, no skins burns, and no reported major adverse events since the introduction of this second-generation ExAblate 2100 system with advanced safety and treatment planning features. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that improvements to current MRgFUS technology resulted in significantly increased efficacy and patient safety of clinical treatments of patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas.
Fishing for the genetic basis of migratory behavior

For many species, migrating at just the right time is essential for both survival and reproduction. A new study in salmon localizes a small genomic region associated with migration timing, which in turn affects other physiological traits, suggesting that a seemingly complex suite of migration traits is linked by one "simple" phenotype.
Hardware Design of a 13.8kV/3MVA PV Plus Storage Solid State Transformer (PVS-SST)

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation plant with integrated battery energy storage (BES) is becoming increasingly attractive and necessary as the PV penetration increases. Traditional solutions involve two paralleled inverter systems at the same site. This increases the balance of the system cost as well as the control complexity. Furthermore, high-power step-up transformers are needed to connect to the distribution grid, further increasing the capital cost, land use and installation cost. Combining PV and BES into a single inverter system without the 60Hz step-up transformer is therefore very attractive as the next generation technology for utility scale solar. This effectively calls for the development of a PV+BES Solid State Transformer (PVS-SST). This paper proposes a 13.8kV/3MVA PVS-SST targeting 13.8 kV grid connection on the AC side and 1500V PV farm on the DC side. The PVS-SST utilizes a modular SST concept with total 27 SiC submodules. Each submodule is based on 1700V SiC power MOSFET devices and single stage DAB-based DC/AC power conversion technology. In order to utilize the inevitable parasitic capacitances in the actual hardware, a novel turn-off loss model is proposed and experimentally verified. A comprehensive optimization strategy including the proposed novel turn-off loss model, ZVS range, deadtime calculation, and minimum circulation current is proposed. Medium frequency transformer (MFT) design to achieve very high efficiency and isolation voltage is a grand challenge in the proposed PVS-SST and is discussed in detail. The power-density of the SiC power submodule is 1.6MW/m3 (26W/inch3). The PVS-SST control architecture is discussed with a focus on voltage balancing and real and reactive power controls.
Two-dimensional (2D) morphologic measurements can quantify the severity of liver disease in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).

To evaluate the correlation of 2D shape-based features with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-derived liver stiffness and portal hypertension (pHTN) in children with ARPKD-associated congenital hepatic fibrosis. In a prospective IRB-approved study, 14 children with ARPKD (mean age ± SD = 13.8 ± 5.8 years) and 14 healthy controls (mean age ± SD = 13.7 ± 3.9 years) underwent liver MRE. A 2D region of interest (ROI) outlining the left liver lobe at the level of the abdominal aorta was drawn on sagittal T2-weighted images. Eight shape features (perimeter, major axis length, maximum diameter, perimeter to surface ratio (PSR), elongation, sphericity, minor axis length, and mesh surface) describing the 2D-ROI were calculated. Spearman’s correlation was calculated between shape features and MRE-derived liver stiffness (kPa) (n = 28). Shape features were compared between participants with ARPKD with pHTN (splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia), (n = 4) and without pHTN (n = 8) using the Mann Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to examine the diagnostic accuracy of shape features in identifying cases with liver stiffness > 2.9 kPa. In ARPKD participants and healthy controls, all eight shape features, except elongation, showed moderate to strong correlation with liver stiffness (kPa); the perimeter surface ratio had the strongest correlation (rho = − 0.75, p 2.9 kPa, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.88–1.00). Individuals with pHTN had a lower median PSR (mean ± SD = 0.05 ± 0.01) than those without (0.07 ± 0.01; p = 0.027) with an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.60–0.99) in differentiating the participants with and without pHTN. Shape-based features of the left liver lobe show potential as non-invasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension in children with ARPKD.
Renal allograft torsion, is sirolimus a culprit– Case series and review of literature

Abstract Background Torsion is defined as rotation of allograft around its renal pedicle. It is a rare complication with high rate of graft loss. The nonspecific presentation and inability to provide definitive diagnosis by imaging in cases of partial torsion may delay the diagnosis and treatment. Methods We present two patients who were diagnosed with kidney allograft torsion (KAT) and underwent surgical exploration with varying outcomes. We also included the review of literature on KAT, highlighting the clinical presentation, investigation modality, intervention, and outcome. We identified reports of KAT in PubMed and Cochrane from 1990 through January 2021. Results 22 manuscripts with 30 intraperitoneal and 6 extraperitoneal cases of KAT were identified. Most common presenting symptom was oliguria/anuria (11 cases) and abdomen pain (11 cases). Acute kidney injury was reported in almost all cases. Diagnosis of KAT by imaging was diagnosed in 7 cases before exploration. Surgical exploration led to graft salvage in 25 (69.4%) of cases and immediate transplant nephrectomy was performed in 11 (30.5%) of cases. Recurrence was documented in 3 cases and none of them had recurrence after surgical intervention Conclusion Renal torsion presents with various non-specific symptoms that could often be misdiagnosed. Since early suspicion and diagnosis is critical to prompt therapy and better graft outcome, including KAT as a possible cause of allograft dysfunction of unclear etiology particularly in patients with intraperitoneally placed allograft and sirolimus use, will be crucial.
Telemedicine for endovascular neurosurgery consultation during the COVID-19 era: patient satisfaction survey.

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the use of telemedicine for most medical specialties, including neurosurgery, although, before the pandemic, neurosurgeons infrequently used telemedicine for outpatient visits. We conducted the first patient-centric evaluation of telemedicine in our endovascular neurosurgery practice, covering a 4-month period early in the pandemic. Methods Survey emails after telemedicine visits were sent to all patients who underwent an outpatient telemedicine visit from March 11, 2020, through June 22, 2020, at an endovascular neurosurgery clinic affiliated with a tertiary care center. Results Sixty-five of 140 patients (46%) completed the email survey. Thirty-five of the 65 patients (54%) agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that even before their telemedicine experience, they thought telemedicine would be a convenient way to receive a neurological consultation. After their telemedicine visit, 47 (72%) agreed or strongly agreed with this statement, and 28 (43%) agreed or strongly agreed that they would prefer telemedicine for future visits. Sixty-one of the 65 patients (94%) rated their telemedicine visit as average or better: 34 (52%) rated it excellent, 12 (18%) rated it above average, and 15 (23%) rated it average. When patients compared their telemedicine visit to a prior in-person clinic visit, only 10 of 44 patients (23%) thought the telemedicine visit was more complicated than an in-person visit, and 21 of 44 (48%) said they would prefer telemedicine for future visits. Conclusions Our neuroendovascular patients expressed satisfaction with their telemedicine visits, and telemedicine will likely play an important role in future outpatient endovascular neurosurgery consultations.
Application of a Computer Model to Electric Current Perturbation Probe Design

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate, by means of two examples, how computer models of electromagnetic NDE probes can be used as an aid in probe design and applications. The type of probe we will consider is of the electric current perturbation (ECP) design, and the computer models employed are those described elsewhere1, which were developed for ECP analyses. While the numerical results we present are therefore specific to the ECP probe, the suggestion that computer models be used to answer design or implementation questions is applicable to any electromagnetic probe, given an appropriate model.
The TCR Repertoire of an Immunodominant CD8+ T Lymphocyte Population

The TCR repertoire of an epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell population remains poorly characterized. To determine the breadth of the TCR repertoire of a CD8(+) T cell population that recognizes a dominant epitope of the AIDS virus, the CD8(+) T cells recognizing the tetrameric Mamu-A*01/p11C(,CM) complex were isolated from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected Mamu-A*01(+) rhesus monkeys. This CD8(+) T cell population exhibited selected usage of TCR V beta families and complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) segments. Although the epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell response was clearly polyclonal, a dominance of selected V beta(+) cell subpopulations and clones was seen in the TCR repertoire. Interestingly, some of the selected V beta(+) cell subpopulations and clones maintained their dominance in the TCR repertoire over time after infection with SIV of macaques. Other V beta(+) cell subpopulations declined over time in their relative representation and were replaced by newly evolving clones that became dominant. The present study provides molecular evidence indicating that the TCR repertoire shaped by a single viral epitope is dominated at any point in time by selected V beta(+) cell subpopulations and clones and suggests that dominant V beta(+) cell subpopulations and clones can either be stable or evolve during a chronic infection.
Turning back the harmful red tide

Harmful algal blooms are a serious and increasing problem in marine waters, yet scientists and funding agencies have been slow to investigate possible control strategies.
Réflections préliminaires à une étude du thème de l’eau et de l’extase dans la littérature et le cinéma franco-vietnamiens

The thematics of water in Franco-Vietnamese literature and film describes a deep and intimate link between the body and place in Viet Nam (without in any way referencing Western stereotypes of place and ground). As represented by Nguyen Du in a famous episode from the Truyen Kieu, that key text of Vietnamese culture, the image of the feminine body in an aquatic ecstasy rejects any simply voyeuristic or vulgarly lascivious reception to trace the “traceless” path of the fluid route that leads back up to the inner heart (or “heartland”) of the dât nuoc. The topos is to be read in its cultural specificity, far beyond any idealization of “blood and soil,” as the lyrical expression of localized identity, an affirmation of collective being together and, hence, of a limpid but indefatigable resistance to any external impositions. Keywords: Viet Nam, literature and film, poetics of place, feminine body
Slush Hydrogen (SLH2) Technology Development for Application to the National Aerospace Plane (NASP)

The NASP program is giving us the opportunity to reach new unique answers in a number of engineering categories. The answers are considered “enhancing technology” or “enabling technology”. Airframe materials and densified propellants are examples of “enabling” technology.
OER Quality and Adaptation in K-12: Comparing Teacher Evaluations of Copyright-Restricted, Open, and Open/Adapted Textbooks

Conducted in conjunction with an institute on open textbook adaptation, this study compares textbook evaluations from practicing K-12 classroom teachers (n = 30) on three different types of textbooks utilized in their contexts: copyright-restricted, open, and open/adapted. Copyright-restricted textbooks consisted of those textbooks already in use by the teachers in their classrooms prior to the institute, open textbooks included alternatives from CK-12 and OpenStax, and open/adapted consisted of open textbooks that the teachers devoted time to adapting to their individual needs. Results indicate that open/adapted textbooks were evaluated as having the highest quality, and that open textbooks were of higher quality than copyright-restricted textbooks. Though some factors of quality might be influenced by cost differences (e.g., timeliness and the ability to adopt updated textbooks), results reveal that open and open/adapted textbooks may do a better job of meeting the needs of K-12 teachers in a variety of ways that may not be captured through traditional approaches to quality assurance. This study marks an early step in exploring the quality of K-12 open educational resources (OER) and the use of practicing teachers as authentic evaluators of textbooks for their local contexts.
Interventions, Effects, and Outcomes in Occupational TherapyInterventions, Effects, and Outcomes in Occupational Therapy.

The AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association) Centennial Vision states:We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession w...
ELECTRON INTERACTIONS IN CRYOGENIC HELIUM PLASMAS

Microwave-propagation and microwave-interaction techniques have been used to determine the electron collision frequency for momentum transfer in helium for electron energies in the vicinity of 0.001 eV. Measurements of the complex microwave conductivity and electron-energy relaxation rates have been performed in the afterglow of a pulsed discharge in helium in the pressure range 0.1 to 5 Torr submerged in a bath of liquid helium at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Electron-radiation temperature measurements during plasma decay have demonstrated monotonically decreasing electron temperatures as a function of time. For times when an extrapolation of the electron temperature decay indicated near thermal equilibrium with the parent gas, a momentum-transfer cross section in the range 10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ to 19\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ was determined. Measurements of electron-energy relaxation rates for atomic densities exceeding 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, where the electron de Broglie wavelength is becoming long in comparison to the average inter-scatterer spacing, indicate the limit of validity of binary-collision concepts.
Low temperature induction of acid invertase activity in flavedo tissue of late season grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)

Peel tissue from deacclimated late season grapefruit was examined for the capacity to develop cold induced acid invertase. Experimental fruit were subjected to three prolonged temperature treatments (17 days at 25°C, or 17 days at 4°C ± an additional 24 h at 25°C) and the flavedo examined for acid invertase activity immediately after the respective temperature treatment. Invertase activity was not detected when soluble extracts were assayed directly after desalting. However, after isoelectric separation, invertase activity was detected only in samples from cold treated fruit. Cell-wall pellets were also devoid of invertase activity when measured directly. After washing with high ionic buffer (containing 1 M NaCl), activity was recovered in the same cold treated samples. The data indicate that the peel of late season grapefruit retain the capacity to develop acid invertase in response to cold treatment.
SETI--a waste of time!

ABSTRACT I outline the three basic reasons for believing that we are alone in the Galaxy, and possibly alone in the visible universe. I argue that the experimental evidence for our uniqueness as intelligent beings is sufficiently great to make SETI a waste of time and money. 1. INTRODUCTION There are three fundamental reasons for believing that we human beings are the only intelligent beings that now exist (or have ever existed) in the Milky Way Galaxy, and possibly weare the only intelligent species to exist in the entire visible universe. These reasons can be briefly characterized as (1) the Evolutionary Pathways argument, (2) Carter's Anthropic Principle Argument, and (3) the Fermi Paradox. I shall devote most of my space to Carter's Argument andthe Fermi Paradox, since I myself have added a few original twist to each.The Evolotionary Pathways argument was developed by four of the most distinguished evolutionary biologists of all time: Alfred R. Wallace1, Theodosius Dobzhansky2, George