cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE, PREDICTORS AND IMPACT OF STROKE AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: RESULTS FROM THE PROMETHEUS REGISTRY

The contemporary incidence, associated factors and implications of stroke after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and novel antiplatelet drugs is unknown. We sought to characterize the incidence, predictors and impact of stroke on subsequent
Ultrafast XUV Larmor radiation from ultrahigh field ionization

Ultrafast laser technology has been a key to realizing time resolved x-ray experiments. We present calculations of XUV radiation from the ultraintense laser field-atom interaction. The Larmor radiation model discussed incorporates ionization and coherent summation of the radiation from the relativistic electron motion in a 3D focused laser field.
Chemical induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis in the reef-building tube worm Phragmatopoma californica (Sabellariidae: Polychaeta)

Naturally-occurring lipophilic inducers of larval settlement and metamorphosis wer isolated and identified for Phragmatopoma californica, a gregarious tube worm from southern California. Organic solvent extraction of the sand/organic cement matrix of tubes diminished the inducing capacity of the tube matrix. The inducing capacity was restricted to a single, highly active, HPLC-purified fraction of the organic solvent extract. Chemical analysis of this fraction revealed a mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs), dominated by eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, ∼20%), palmitic acid (16:0, ∼14%) and palmitoleic acid (16:1, ∼12%). In assays of the nine FFAs that each contributed 3% or more to the active fraction, only 16:1, 18:2, 20:4 and 20:5 induced larval settlement and metamorphosis, while the others were ineffective. The larval response was contact-dependent, highly specific, and concentration-dependent, with a significant response to 16:1 and 20:4 at as low as 10 μg FFA spread onto 1 g of sand (surface area ⋟36 cm2). Active FFAs were extracted at approximately 14 μg g-1 sand from the tube matrix, although the levels encountered by larvae in nature are believed to be higher.
Research on Internet using psychological motivation in college students and its scale formation

Objective To explore types and characteristics of Internet using psychological motivation in college students,to establish internet using psychological motivation model and form scale.Methods The existing literature and depth interview were used to develop questionnaire,and investigated undergraduates.The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were evaluate,as well as its reliability and validity.Results Four factors were extracted including information acquisition,interpersonal communication,perceiving emotions and entertainment which could explained variance variation of 70.122%.The Cronbach's α was 0.913.Model and observation data was satisfactory(χ2/ df = 4.13 5,RSMEA = 0.078 0.08).Gender difference significantly existed in interpersonal communication,perceiving emotions and entertainment(P 0.01).And different grade had significant differences in information acquisition,interpersonal communication(P 0.01).Significant difference existed in information acquisition,emotions get,entertainment between singleton and non-singleton ones(P 0.01).Conclusion There are four types of Internet using psychological motivation in undergraduate incluidng information acquisition,interpersonal communication,emotions get and entertainment.This scale can be used as a effective tools to measure internet using psychological motivation of college students.
Addressing poverty and child welfare: The integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model of practice:

The Integrated Community Development and Child Welfare Model (CD-CW) engages workers with families and communities to reduce poverty, and at the same time, improve the well-being of children. Skill...
Management of the Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty

Infection is the most severe complication of total joint arthroplasty. Prompt recognition and correct management, as well as prophylaxis against infection, are essential to minimize morbidity and maximize function. In this article, the etiology and diagnosis of prosthetic infection and the management of infected total arthroplasties of the hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, and wrist are discussed.
A Case Study of Mobile User Behaviors Using Spatio-temporal Data

Increasing use of mobile apps which capture location information has led to wide availability of spatio-temporal data. This paper details our recent efforts on using such data to understand mobile user behaviors in terms of their interaction with apps. Specifically, we aim to mine the association between users' app open (AO) behaviors and their waiting times associated with some transport modes. Here, the transport mode is derived based on speed information measured from a user's location update data, without using any additional map data. One particular case study that we conducted and report here is to understand if users tend to access the app more often while they are waiting at airports. Using a two-week period of a particular iPhone app data from a major U.S. Retailer, the study shows that the app open rate (AR) of air travelers measured during their airport-dwelling time is 8x higher than their AR at other locations. Moreover, for the same group of travelers who have AOs at both airports and other locations, their AR at airports is 45x higher than that at other locations and times. Findings drawn from this study can be applied to assist the definition of geofences by retailers to improve targeting of customers at the right locations, and consequently improve the success of marketing campaigns.
The Later Years of William Spencer Vickrey

William Vickrey shared the Nobel Memorial Prize with James Buchanan in 1996. Unfortunately, Vickrey was unable to accept his award as he died of heart failure soon after the announcement of his award. On October 10, 1996, two days after he received notice of the award, he suffered a fatal heart attack while driving to a regional economics conference.
Cross-scale predictive dictionaries for image and video restoration

We propose a novel signal model, based on sparse representations, that captures cross-scale features for visual signals. We show that cross-scale predictive model enables faster solutions to sparse approximation problems. This is achieved by first solving the sparse approximation problem for the downsampled signal and using the support of the solution to constrain the support at the original resolution. The speedups obtained are especially compelling for high-dimensional signals that require large dictionaries to provide precise sparse approximations. We demonstrate speedups in the order of 10–20x for denoising and up to 9x speed-ups for compressive sensing of images and videos.
Role of TGF-β in Osteolytic Bone Metastases

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors stored in mineralized bone matrix. Accumulating evidences indicate that TGF-β promotes invasion and metastasis in the transformed cancer cell and has a distinct role to promote bone metastasis through its effects to stimulate tumor production of factors that disrupt normal bone remodeling. In this chapter, we present data describing the role of TGF-β in the osteolytic metastases from breast cancer. TGF-β has a very complex role during the different steps of metastasis, opening new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastases.
Opposing effects of sodium intake on uric acid and blood pressure and their causal implication

Abstract Reducing uric acid is hypothesized to lower blood pressure, although evidence is inconsistent. In this ancillary of the DASH-Sodium trial, we examined whether sodium-induced changes in serum uric acid (SUA) were associated with changes in blood pressure. One hundred and three adults with prestage or stage 1 hypertension were randomly assigned to receive either the DASH diet or a control diet (typical of the average American diet) and were fed each of the three sodium levels (low, medium, and high) for 30 days in random order. Body weight was kept constant. SUA was measured at baseline and following each feeding period. Participants were 55% women and 75% black. Mean age was 52 (SD, 10) years, and mean SUA at baseline was 5.0 (SD, 1.3) mg/dL. Increasing sodium intake from low to high reduced SUA (−0.4 mg/dL; P P P P = .15) and diastolic ( P = .63) blood pressure, regardless of baseline blood pressure, baseline SUA, and randomized diet, as well as sodium sensitivity. Although both SUA and blood pressure were influenced by sodium, a common environmental factor, their effects were in opposite directions and were unrelated to each other. These findings do not support a consistent causal relationship between SUA and BP.
TRPM2 Promotes Neurotoxin MPP + /MPTP-Induced Cell Death

In neurons, Ca2+ is essential for a variety of physiological processes that regulate gene transcription to neuronal growth and their survival. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP+) are potent neurotoxins that selectively destroys the dopaminergic (DA) neurons and mimics Parkinson's disease (PD) like symptoms, but the mechanism as how MPP+/MPTP effects DA neuron survival is not well-understood. In the present study, we found that MPP+ treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates and upregulates the expression and function of melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) subfamily member, melastatin-like transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPM2). Correspondingly, TRPM2 expression was also increased in substantia nigra of MPTP-induced PD mouse model and PD patients. ROS-mediated activation of TRPM2 resulted in an increased intracellular Ca2+, which in turn promoted cell death in SH-SY5Y cells. Intracellular Ca2+ overload caused by MPP+-induced ROS also affected calpain activity, followed by increased caspase 3 activities and activation of downstream apoptotic pathway. On the other hand, quenching of H2O2 by antioxidants, resveratrol (RSV), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively blocked TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ influx, decreased intracellular Ca2+ overload, and increased cell survival. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of TRPM2 or knockdown of TRPM2 using siRNA, but not control siRNA, showed an increased protection by preventing MPP+-induced Ca2+ increase and inhibited apoptosis. Taken together, we show here a novel role for TRPM2 expression and function in MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death.
The Scent of Cancer

If forced to choose, I would give up the sense of smell first. It is both the hardest sense to take for granted and the easiest to imagine the possibility of living without. Yet, being able to smel...
The Chemistry and Biology of the Proteins of the Hageman Factor-Activated Pathways

The initiation of the intrinsic clotting system, the formation of bradykinin, and one pathway of plasminogen activation all require the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII). These pathways are shown schematically in Figure 1. Activation of Hageman factor, prekallikrein plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI), and the plasminogen activator are all characterized by the conversion of a zymogen to an enzymatically active protease. This singular biochemical event, activation of zymogen, can produce rapid and diverse alterations in both humoral and cellular-based mediation systems.
High mortality seen in open-grown, but not forest-understory, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Caprifoliaceae) stands in northern Kentucky1

Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder) is recognized as one of the most important invasive species in the Ohio River Valley. Since 2012, outbreaks of the native pathogen honeysuckle leaf blight in the region have been observed, coincident with the report of high levels of L. maackii dieback in an open-grown stand in northern Kentucky. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent of dieback in the area and to determine whether dieback was also present in stands growing under forest canopies (forest-understory). Data were collected from plots placed along transects for eight open-grown and six forest-understory sites in northern Kentucky and nearby southwestern Ohio in 2014–2016; diameters at stump height (25 cm) of all live and dead woody stems were measured in the plots. For L. maackii in open-grown stands, 30% and 23% of stem density and basal area, respectively, were dead, which was higher than that seen for associated shrubs and small trees; it was also higher than that reported in the 1980s for L. maackii in open-grown stands in the region. Mortality in the larger-size classes was higher than that seen in the 1980s. By contrast, stem mortality of L. maackii in forest-understory stands varied little from that seen in the 1980s. Basal area mortality was similar to associated species. The possible role of leaf blight in the decline of open-grown L. maackii requires further investigation.
Funding Opportunity Announcements

A Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is a publicly available document by which a Federal Agency makes known its intentions to award discretionary grants or cooperative agreements, usually as a result of competition for funds. This means that research or research training grant applications seeking funding are submitted to the NIH in response to that FOA; they then undergo peer review, then National Advisory Council review, then get selected or not by the Institute for funding. FOAs may be known as program announcements, requests for applications, notices of funding availability, solicitations, or other names depending on the Agency and type of program. You can find funding opportunity announcements in Grants.gov at http://www.grants.gov/applicants/find_grant_opportunities.jsp and in the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts at http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/guide/index.html.
PROGRESS IN ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CONCRETE

ABSTRACT This paper represents the subjective view of the writer on three topics: - ultrasonic determination of the water-cement ratio in a fresh concrete - nondestructive estimation of concrete strength in structures, and - split spectrum processing (SSP) to use high-frequency ultrasound for defect detection and characterization, thickness measurements, and location and characterization of steel as well as nonmetallic reinforcement embedded in concrete. In each case, the problem is described, the present state of the art is given, technical and economical importance of these topics is presented along with recent progress in these areas.
The Effects of Social Information Cues Featured in SNS Ads on Unfamiliar Product Adoption

This study tests the effects of social information cues on ad responses and consumer decision making processes in the domain of unfamiliar product adoption. The findings show that participants havi...
Teacher Satisfaction With Their Jobs in Charter Schools

We examine whether, as a result of the different working conditions within charter schools and regular public schools, charter school teachers are more satisfied with their jobs than are teachers in traditional public schools. We also consider whether differences in the management of charter schools may lead to different levels of satisfaction. We distinguish between those charter schools managed privately by education management organizations (EMOs) and those managed by nonprofits. We examine these questions empirically, using data from a nationally representative dataset, the School and Staffing Survey (SASS). We find that teachers within charter schools are less satisfied than teachers within traditional public schools. Teachers in schools managed by EMOs also appear less satisfied than those in schools managed by non-profits. Exploratory analyses suggest that lower salaries and a higher number of hours work help to drive these lower levels of satisfaction, particularly among charter schools managed by non-profits.
Analysis of Nominally Equivalent Outcome Studies: A Comment on Rickles, Heppen, Allensworth, Sorensen, and Walters (2018):

Rickles, Heppen, Allensworth, Sorensen, and Walters (2018) compare two credit recovery programs with a null hypothesis of equal effects. Upon failing to reject the null, they implicitly accept the ...
Emergency Medical Services for Children

The National Academy of Sciences published Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society in 1966, bringing to the forefront several major defi ciencies in the emergency care system in place at that time. This report provided the impetus for the development and refi nement of an organized system of emergency care. The modern EMS system as we know it was established shortly thereafter following passage of both the National Highway Safety Act of 1966 [8] and the Emergency Medical Services Act of 1973 [9]. The EMS system is composed of the following components, which are organized together to provide a comprehensive and timely response to emergencies in the community at large:
Creating stable productive CSE software development and integration processes in unstable environments on the path to exascale

The Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Advanced Technology Development and Mitigation (ATDM) project focuses on R&D for exascale computational science and engineering (CSE) software. Exascale application (APP) codes are co-developed and integrated with a large number of 2^nd generation Trilinos packages built on top of Kokkos for achieving portable performance. These efforts are challenged by needing to develop and test on many unstable and constantly changing pre-exascale platforms using immature compilers and other system software. Challenges, experiences, and lessons learned are presented for creating stable development and integration workflows for these types of difficult projects. In particular, we describe automated workflows, testing, and integration processes as well as new tools and multi-team collaboration processes for effectively keeping a large number of automated builds and tests working on these unstable platforms.
Applying Critical Consciousness to Dance/Movement Therapy Pedagogy and the Politics of the Body

Dance/movement therapy (DMT) is a profession and cultural community with its own habitus, assumptions, and biases. Because of the profession’s progressive and unique embodied-dance approach to psychotherapy, the lack of social critique of the inherent ‘whiteness’ of its epistemology can be overlooked in the process of education and training of DMT professionals. The DMT norms, that are not explicitly stated, may manifest in practice as unintended oppression of trainees as well as peers. Drawing from critical race feminist theory and critical pedagogy, we offer an embodied dialectical approach to exploring the power dynamics that exist within the field of DMT education and training in the US. We raise case examples of heteropatriarchal European-American epistemology in DMT and offer counternarratives and frameworks for humanizing the admissions process, curriculum, and the facilitation of classes and/or supervision of practica and internship. We believe that a critically conscious DMT education and training opportunity leads to healing, liberation, and celebratory social action.
MOSQUITO OCCURRENCE IN 36 COUNTIES OF SOUTHERN AND WESTERN MISSOURI

We used both adult and larval survey techniques during the summers of 2016 and 2017 to determine the mosquito species present in 36 counties of southern and western Missouri. The study included adult traps such as Omni-Directional Fay–Prince traps and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps baited with dry ice and octanol. Field-workers took larvae and pupae from standing water in artificial containers and returned them to the laboratory and placed them in emergence cages. When the mosquitoes emerged, we identified them as adults along with the contents of the adult traps. We sorted over 35,000 mosquitoes by sex, and then identified the females to species. The survey identified 8 genera and 40 species. This article reports the counties in which we collected each species.
Patient and pediatric caregiver experiences and expectations about opioid risk education and counselling.

Objective: This pilot study seeks to explore patient and caregiver experiences, perceptions, and expectations about opioid risk counselling. Design: Semistructured interviews were conducted in Madison, WI. Inductive content analysis was used for analysis. Participants: Adult patients and pediatric caregivers for patients prescribed opioids in the last 30 days. Outcome measure: Patient’s experiences, perceptions, and expectations about opioid risk and safety counselling. Results: Two out of 16 patients were reported being counseled about risks, and only one patient was told about medication being an opioid. Respondents expressed their desire to learn about dependency and overdose risks and the fact that the medication is an opioid. While patients wanted to be educated by all healthcare providers, pharmacists were deemed most important for opioid risk counseling. Conclusion: This unique study points out the need for more research, training, and resources for aligning opioid risk counselling and education with patient expectations as a patient centered effort.
C(sp2)-H Borylation of Heterocycles by Well-Defined Bis(silylene)pyridine Cobalt(III) Precatalysts: Pincer Modification, C(sp2)-H Activation and Catalytically Relevant Intermediates.

Well-defined bis(silylene)pyridine cobalt(III) precatalysts for C(sp2)–H borylation have been synthesized and applied to the investigation of the mechanism of the catalytic borylation of furans and...
Past, Present, and Future of Robotic Surgery

Robotic-assisted surgery embodies the latest in technological advancement and is being applied to operative management of patients. The current concept of robotic surgery involves performance of surgical procedures by using small wristed instruments attached to a robotic arm. Its extension to otolaryngology is only natural, because it allows for precise surgery through anatomic orifices, often allowing for preservation of critical anatomic structures and functions. Transoral robotic surgery is an effective and safe tool for head and neck surgeons. Its speed of recent growth and the imminent addition of innovative technology could signal the advent of a new era in surgery.
Rivaling the rhetoric of accountability: dissociation as an advocacy strategy in U.S. higher education policy

Previous rhetorical scholarship has examined how the rhetoric of accountability has replaced the rhetoric of opportunity for education policy resulting in damaging consequences for public education...
Characterization of exhaled particle deposition and ventilation in an indoor setting

Abstract Exhalation of infectious micrometer-sized particles has been strongly implicated in respiratory infection spread. An important fundamental question is then the fate of infectious exhaled particles in indoor spaces, i.e., whether they will remain suspended in an aerosol until ventilation leads to their clearance or whether they will deposit, and if so, on what surfaces in an indoor space. We investigated the interplay between deposition and ventilation using model experiments with a breathing simulator manikin in an office environment. The breathing simulator utilized physiologically correct exhalation and inhalation breathing waveforms as well as an anatomically correct manikin. The simulator output fluorescein-doped particles with a volume distribution spanning the 1–3 μm range. The office environment was a 344 m3 room equipped with desks. Four different test conditions were created by changing the simulator location and via different air change rates and MERV ratings of filters in the HVAC system. We found that the rate of ventilation exceeds the rate of deposition on all surfaces (quantified by Stanton numbers, which were below unity) with several important exceptions: (1) surfaces close to (within 2 m of) the simulator; and (2) non-passive surface exteriors (return grilles and diffusers). A detectable decrease in Stanton number with distance suggests that the room environment cannot be approximated as truly well-mixed. The finding of enhanced deposition on non-passive surfaces at all distances from the room highlights that infectious particles may preferentially deposit on such surfaces in indoor spaces. Finally, while our results highlight particular surfaces with enhanced deposition, our results confirm the importance of ventilation in a room as a means to reduce infectious aerosol particle concentrations, as in large part the clearance for particles appears to occur by ventilation.
ECOA-9. Integration of molecular and methylation classifications yields three meningioma groups and suggests chromosome 1p loss may be critical to the aggressive group

Next-generation sequencing has deepened our understanding of meningiomas, particularly those that behave aggressively. Classifications using either DNA methylation profiling or RNA-sequencing predict tumor behavior more reliably than WHO grade, and segregate common meningioma features similarly, implying possible overlap between classifications. In this study, we performed DNA methylation profiling, RNA-sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing on 110 primary meningiomas (90 WHO I, 20 WHO II). Unsupervised non-negative matrix factorization demonstrated three epigenetic types which were highly concordant with our published transcriptional types (87.3% concordance). Two additional classifications (one using 1p/22 loss, the other merlin expression/chromosomal instability) were also highly concordant and an overall meningioma group (MenG) classification was assigned integrating all four together. MenG A and B rarely recur, while MenG C behave aggressively (median recurrence free survival (RFS) of 3.1 years), even after gross total resection (median RFS 4.2 years). MenG A tumors retain Merlin expression (no chromosome loss or NF2 mutation) and harbor mutations in TRAF7, AKT1, or KLF4. Both MenG B and C are merlin-deficient, but MenG B demonstrate low rates of CNV and MenG C high rates of CNV, particularly loss of chromosome 1p. Using partial least squares regression (PLS), we explored how gene expression correlated with promoter methylation and CNV, thereby classifying genes which correlated closely as ‘methylation-driven’ or ‘CNV-driven’. Overall, there were more methylation-driven (5.7%) than CNV-driven (2.9%) genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched for both methylation- and CNV-driven genes at similar proportions (10.6% and 5.8%), but DEGs unique to MenG C were significantly enriched for CNV-driven (23.7%), but not methylation-driven (4.7%) genes, primarily due many MenG C DEGs on chromosome 1p. Overall, this work suggests three underlying meningioma groups which are identifiable through methylation, transcriptional, or genetic/cytogenetic profiling and warrants exploration of the role of chromosome 1p in group that behaves aggressively.
Coupling morphological and magnetic anisotropy for assembling tetragonal colloidal crystals

Morphological and magnetic anisotropy can be combined in colloidal assembly to create unconventional secondary structures. We show here that magnetite nanorods interact along a critical angle, depe...
Trends in Precancerous Cervical Lesions by Area-Based Measures of Poverty, Race, and Ethnicity, Connecticut, 2008-2018

Objectives Trends in the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions can be monitored to evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether declines in precancerous cervical lesions varied by area-based measures of poverty, race, and ethnicity. Methods We analyzed 11 years of incidence data (2008-2018) from a statewide active surveillance system of precancerous cervical lesions in Connecticut. We divided area-based measures of poverty, race, and ethnicity (percentage of the population in a census tract who were living below the federal poverty level, who were Black, and who were Hispanic) at the census-tract level into 4 groups ( Results During 2008-2018 in Connecticut, 18 878 women aged 21-39 were diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesions. After adjusting for screening, the largest declines occurred among women aged 21-24 (AAPC = -11.5%; 95% CI, -13.6% to -9.4%). We found significant and similar annual declines (~10%-12%) in this age group across all 4 levels of poverty, race, and ethnicity. Conclusions This analysis adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the positive impact of population-level HPV vaccination among young women that appears similar across area-based measures of sociodemographic characteristics. Monitoring is necessary to ensure the continuation of this progress in all communities.
Fit Based D-Stabilization

The first part of this book, Chapters 2 through 6, dealt with analysis. Given a particular feedback interconnection and system descriptions, the objective was to verify whether or not the overall system possessed certain dynamic characteristics. Even though some of the system blocks had dynamics that involved uncertainty the dynamic descriptions were known. In particular, the controller was given. For such a system it is of interest to know if it is D-stable or robustly D-stable or whether additional performance requirements are satisfied. Having computationally efficient tests for checking dynamic system properties is of great importance. Tests such as the Routh-Hurwits criterion and the Nyquist Theorem for stability, the Finite Frequency Test for robust stability and the Finite Inclusions Theorem for robust D-stability are are but a few examples. Other tests for performance involve the sensitivity and complementary sensitivity transfer functions.
National Survey of Prevalence of Asthma Among Children in the United States, 1976 to 1980

The trend in the prevalence of reported asthma was determined from data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. The reported prevalence of ever having asthma increased among 6- to 11-year-old children between the first (1971 to 1974) and second (1976 to 1980) National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (4.8% to 7.6%, P less than .01). The epidemiology of asthma among children and adolescents 3 to 17 years of age in the United States was examined using data collected in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this paper, asthma is defined as current disease diagnosed by a physician and/or frequent trouble with wheezing during the past 12 months, not counting colds or the flu. Asthma was reported for 6.7% of youths overall and was higher in black than white children (9.4% v 6.2%, P less than .01), boys than girls (7.8% v 5.5%, P less than .01), and urban than rural areas (7.1% v 5.7%, P less than .05). Asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of other allergies (42.6% v 13.2%, P less than .01) and of allergen skin test reactivity (44.5% v 20.7%, P less than .01) than nonasthmatic children. Most asthmatics had their first asthmatic episode before their third birthday. No effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma was noted.
Olfactory response of Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to synthetic methyl salicylate in laboratory bioassays

The herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) methyl salicylate (MeSA) is widely present in the chemical profile of several plant species and is known to attract natural enemies, including predatory mites. In this study, the response of Typhlodromus pyri, a key predator of pest mites in west coast vineyards, to synthetically produced MeSA was tested using a Y-tube olfactometer in laboratory bioassays. Six doses ranging from 0.002 to 200 μg of MeSA diluted in 0.1 ml hexane were tested. Significantly higher proportions of T. pyri preferred MeSA at doses 0.02, 0.2 and 20 μg. No differences in response to MeSA were detected at the highest (200 μg), intermediate (2 μg) and lowest (0.002 μg) doses. Mite response to MeSA was a function of dose when fitting polynomial and logistic regression models using dose and square of the log dose prediction factors. Results indicate that synthetic MeSA may be applied to attract predatory arthropod populations in vineyards to enhance biological control of pest mites.
Gender-Specific Clothing Regulation: A Study in Patriarchy

This note explores the law's response to challenges to gender-specific clothing rules in a wide variety of contexts. Again and again, two themes appear: the perceived need to differentiate men and women (or boys and girls) and the tendency to view women as sexual objects.Part I looks at two Title VII cases. In Carroll v Talman Federal Savings and Loan Association, a woman challenged a bank's requirement that female employees wear uniforms while men wore "appropriate business attire." And EEOC v. Sage Realty reviewed the firing of a lobby attendant who refused to wear a revealing uniform. Part I also discusses the earlier grooming cases in which men challenged requirements that they have short hair.Part II crosses doctrinal boundaries, exploring the prosecution of male cross-dressers, a challenge to the requirement that women wear skirts to be married in a city hall, various challenges to school dress and grooming codes, the prosecution of women for swimming with exposed breasts, and the controversial remarks of a judge who suggested that a girl's revealing dress provoked her rape. Enforcing gender differences helps preserve power imbalances between men and women ("patriarchy"). Seeing women as sex objects can lead to regulating women's appearance in order to control the reactions of men, again affecting power distribution.
The Ford Fiesta

Executives at Ford wondered if social media could be the marketing solution for the launch of the youth-oriented 2010 Fiesta. But with social media came a ceding of control. Some at the company believed that if Ford was going to move beyond its conservative brand image for the launch of the new subcompact chances had to be taken. Others erred on the side of caution. Chantel Lenard, Ford's Group Marketing Manager for Global Small Car and Midsize Vehicles and Connie Fontaine, Manager of Brand Content and Alliances championed a new approach for the new vehicle and set into motion a comprehensive 6-month social media initiative targeting a younger, ethnically diverse, and urban-based market, called "The Fiesta Movement." In doing so, a large portion of the marketing campaign was handed over to 20 and 30-somethings across America, and Ford had to acclimate to a new way of doing marketing. To what extent should the company guide the activities and messages of their army of bloggers? The case is set two months into the Movement, as the team evaluates the metrics from YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and their website, and wonder if they're doing everything they need to do in order to make the Fiesta a success with a new target market.Learning Objective: To examine the variety of marketing techniques in the new social media toolbox; is the ultimate objective to "go viral," or are there other metrics to consider when evaluating a social media-based marketing campaign?
SMC Deck Lid Design Study

The SAE Multi-Materials Organizing Committee sponsored a deck lid design competition among steel, aluminum and fiberglas composites. The design input is ultimately to serve as a basis for developing manufactured part cost which will be compared in a follow-on report by Pioneer Engineering. The design envelope and performance criteria were tailored to a present production Oldsmobile Omega deck lid.
MAGNETIC ACCRETION DISKS AND CORONAE IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

A model is presented for accretion disks around supermassive black holes in which the dynamics is dominated by magnetic fields. The work done by magnetic stresses in the disk is dissipated in a low-density corona by magnetic reconnection, which accelerates electrons to relativistic energies. The synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission by the electrons covers the range from the far infrared to gamma rays. The emitted spectrum qualitatively resembles that observed for moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and is consistent with the diffuse X-ray and gamma-ray background being composed of numerous faint AGNs. A key component of the model is the demonstration by Galeev, Rosner, and Vaiana (1979) that magnetic fields in accretion disks must form loops, and hence coronae.
A simulated annealing algorithm for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem

The problem addressed in this paper is scheduling jobs on unrelated parallel machines with sequence-dependent setup times to minimize the maximum completion time (i.e., the makespan). This problem is NP-hard even without including setup times. Adding sequence-dependent setup times adds another dimension of complexity to the problem and obtaining optimal solutions becomes very difficult especially for large problems. In this paper a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is applied to the problem at hand to reach near-optimum solution. The effectiveness of the simulated annealing algorithm is measured by comparing the quality of its solutions to optimal solutions for small problems. The results show that the SA efficiently obtained optimal solutions for all test problems.
Ecology of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in Hot Acid Soils

Hot acid soils in Yellowstone National Park are rich in elemental sulfur and harbor extensive populations of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Thiobacillus thiooxidans is found at temperatures below 55 C, and at temperatures from 55 to 85 C Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is present. The distribution of these bacteria as a function of temperature was measured by a most-probable-number dilution method, and their activity in situ was assessed by use of a new technique permitting measurement of 14CO2 fixation. From these data it is concluded that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are responsible for production of sulfuric acid in these acidic thermal habitats. Physical and chemical parameters of this unusual soil habitat were also measured and are described.
Nonlinear Control of a Solution Polymerization Reactor

The paper focusses on reference model control of a continuous stirred tank reactor for solution polymerization of methylmethacrylate. The reactor is a nonsquare plant with more outputs than inputs. Two schemes are employed both of which under certain conditions, ensure global stabilization of the reactor.
Decision Making in a Hybrid Organization: A Case Study of a Southwestern Drug Court Treatment Program

This article presents a case study of decision making in a drug court located the southwestern United States. This study seeks to fill a gap in research on decision making by attending to the ways that drug court officials navigate the demands of a court that is dedicated to both therapy and criminal justice. This analysis differs from previous research by viewing the drug court as a “hybrid organization” and asking how the staff members interact in the decision-making process. Additionally, this research provides an opportunity to investigate the concerns over collaborative decision making raised by critics. The data from this case study reveal that as a hybrid organization, the drug court staff often divides along institutional lines by allowing the counseling staff to manage treatment and the judge to manage punishment. When tensions arise, they are resolved by the structure of the court, which is hierarchical rather than collaborative.
Fractional dominations and fractional total dominations of graph complements

Let γf(G) and Γf(G) be the fractional domination number and fractional total domination number, resp., of a graph G. We show that γf(G)-1 + Γf(G)-1 = 1 where G is the complement of G. This leads to new results for these numbers on the join of graphs, Mycielski's construction, and graph products.
Definition of a tumor suppressor locus within human chromosome 3p21-p22

Abstract Cytogenetic abnormalities and high-frequency allele losses involving the short arm of human chromosome 3 have been identified in a variety of histologically different neoplasms. These findings suggest that a tumor-suppressor gene or genes may be located in the region of 3p14-p25, although there has been no definitive functional proof for the involvement of a particular region of 3p. We report a rapid genetic assay system that has allowed functional analysis of defined regions of 3p in the suppression of tumorigenicity in vivo. Interspecific microcell hybrids containing fragments of chromosome 3p were constructed and screened for tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. Hybrid clones were obtained that showed a dramatic tumor suppression and contained a 2-megabase fragment of human chromosomal material encompassing the region 3p21 near the interface with 3p22. With these hybrid clones, we have defined a genetic locus at 3p21-p22 intimately involved in tumor suppression.
Dry coating characterization of coverage by image analysis: methodology

Abstract Dry coating is an interesting process for creating added value binary powders composites. The principle is to mix ‘host’ particles with ‘guest’ particles with 10 to 100 times smaller size. But, behind the apparent simplicity of the process, the implied mechanisms are very complex. As a result, it is not possible so far to predict the resulting end-use properties of the produced composite powder, even if we know the properties of the host and guest powders. This papers aims at illustrating a first step to characterize more precisely the process itself and the result of the coating, i.e. coverage, homogeneity or thickness… In this work we describe the methodology to characterize the dry coating coverage through image analysis by using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. A first part of this paper gives the technical and statistical aspects of the image acquisition in the electron microscope (Philips XL 30). A second part develops the image processing methodology with Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. A third part describes a validation step of the methodology by comparing the automated procedure to a ‘manual’ derivation of the coverage. The presented results imply the coverage of ‘model’ powders: host particles of ca. 100 μm and guest particles of ca. 10 μm. This work illustrates the assets of the image analysis to quantitatively characterize the average coverage and its homogeneity in dry coating application, for example when partial breakage or attrition occurs. Further results with the application of this methodology will be published in a further paper.
The clash of social categories: What egalitarianism in networked writing classrooms?

Abstract Although many see networked writing classrooms as inherently more egalitarian than non-networked classrooms, networks cannot prevent discrimination. This problem has concerned compositionists for some time, but without a relevant theory and body of research, it has been hard to know quite what to do. Social identity theory, from social psychology, suggests that instructors must be careful when focusing courses on divisive social issues; the presentation of these issues can easily break down into binary oppositions and create oppressive learning situations for students who are already discriminated against in society at large.
Auditory brainstem responses from children three months to three years of age: normal patterns of response. II.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured in 535 children from 3 months to 3 years of age. The latencies reported in this paper should be unaffected by peripheral hearing loss because each child had bilateral wave V responses at 20 dB HLn. Wave V latencies decreased as age increased, at least to 18 months of age, while little or no change was noted in wave I latencies over the same age range. Thus, interpeak latency differences followed the same developmental time course as wave V. The shapes of wave V latency-level functions were comparable across age groups. These results suggest that changes in wave V latency with age are due to central (neural) factors and that age-appropriate norms should be used in evaluations of ABR latencies in children. Interaural differences in absolute wave V latencies and interpeak latency differences were similar to those observed in infants and adults, indicating that response symmetry is independent of age. Statistical analyses suggested that the distributions of abs...
Mitogenic signal transduction in human breast cancer cells

1. Signal transduction pathways activated during growth of human breast cancer cells in tissue culture are reviewed. 2. Steroid hormones and growth factors stimulate similar mitogenic pathways and frequently modulate each other's activity. 3. A response common to estrogen, progestins and most polypeptide mitogens is induction of the nuclear transcription factors myc, fos and jun in early G1 phase of the cell cycle. 4. Some growth factors also stimulate cyclin D1, a regulatory protein responsible for the activation of cell cycle-dependent kinases in G1. 5. In addition, insulin, IGF-I and EGF activate tyrosine kinase receptors. 6. Several tyrosine phosphorylated proteins occur in human breast cancer cells, and include the EGF and estrogen receptors. 7. Cyclic AMP plays a critical role in breast cancer cell proliferation through the activation of protein kinase A, and it also modulates the activity of estrogen and progesterone receptors. 8. EGF is the only breast cell mitogen known to raise intracellular free calcium levels. 9. Calcium may play a dual role in breast cancer cell proliferation, activating both calmodulin-dependent processes and regulating cell membrane potential through the activation of potassium channels. 10. Potassium channel activity and cell proliferation are linked in breast cancer cells, the cell membrane potential shifting between a depolarized state in G1/G0 cells and a hyperpolarized state during S phase. 11. Activation of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel is required for breast cancer cells to undergo the G1/G0-S transition.
Patient selection for neoadjuvant therapy of rectal adenocarcinoma

Abstract Rectal adenocarcinomas are typically treated with a combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection. Risk factors for local recurrence include tumor stage, nodal stage, tumor location, circumferential resection margin status, and surgical technique. Most patients receive pre-operative therapy based on staging evaluations using endorectal ultrasound and/or pelvic MRI. Pre-operative therapy is recommended for any patient with T3–4 disease or nodal involvement. Subgroups of patients defined by combinations of stage and tumor location are at very low risk for local recurrence after surgery alone and may benefit from initial surgery followed by selective post-operative therapy based on pathologic results. Prospective studies are needed to validate therapy de-intensification approaches.
Effect of soil pH on the requirement for water-soluble phosphorus in triple superphosphate fertilizers

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if soil pH affects the requirement for water-soluble P and the tolerance of water-insoluble impurities in TSP fertilizers. Two commercial TSP fertilizers were selected to represent a range in phosphate rock sources and impurities. Phosphate fertilizer impurities were isolated as the water-washed fraction by washing whole fertilizers with deionized water. TSP fertilizers with various quantities of water-soluble P (1.2 to 99% water-soluble P) were simulated by mixing the water-washed fertilizer fractions or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) with reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The fertilizers were applied to supply 40 mg AOAC available P kg−1 to a Mountview silt loam (fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults). Wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)) was harvested at 49 and 84 days after planting. Soil pH values at the final forage harvest were 5.4±0.16 and 6.4±0.15. At a soil pH of 5.4, the TSP fertilizers required only 37% water-soluble P to reach maximum yields while at pH 6.4 the fertilizers required 63% water-soluble P. Results of this study show that higher levels of water -insoluble P can be tolerated in TSP fertilizers when applied to acid soils. Phosphorus uptake was not affected by soil pH, but for the mixtures containing the fertilizer residues the source having the lowest level of Fe and Al had a higher relative agronomic effectiveness.