cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cascades of Emotion: The Emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder From Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation

Theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) have often considered it a disorder involving both emotional and behavioral dysregulation (Linehan, 1993), yet the connection between these phenomena has been elusive. The following paper proposes the Emotional Cascade Model, a model that attempts to establish a clear relationship between emotional dysregulation and the wide array of dysregulated behaviors found in BPD. In this model, subsequent to an emotional stimulus, ruminative processes result in a positive feedback loop that increases emotional intensity, and this emotional intensity leads to ensuing behavioral dysregulation. These behaviors then provide negative feedback, in the form of distraction, which induces temporary reduction of negative emotion and thus relief. The model is presented in a framework in which BPD is considered an emergent phenomenon (Lewin, 1992), where the disorder arises from the total interactions of a network containing emotional cascades and other important factors. The model is then evaluated in light of various theories and therapeutic traditions, including both cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic, indicating that it is a model that may transcend traditional theoretical and therapeutic doctrines.
Prediction of Local Structure in Proteins Using a Library of Sequence-Structure Motifs

We describe a new method for local protein structure prediction based on a library of short sequence pattern that correlate strongly with protein three-dimensional structural elements. The library was generated using an automated method for finding correlations between protein sequence and local structure, and contains most previously described local sequence-structure correlations as well as new relationships, including a diverging type-II b-turn, a frayed helix, and a proline-terminated helix. The query sequence is scanned for segments 7 to 19 residues in length that strongly match one of the 82 patterns in the library. Matching segments are assigned the three-dimensional structure characteristic of the corresponding sequence pattern, and backbone torsion angles for the entire query sequence are then predicted by piecing together mutually compatible segment predictions. In predictions of local structure in a test set of 55 proteins, about 50% of all residues, and 76% of residues covered by high-confidence predictions, were found in eight-residue segments
Selective suppression of excitatory synapses on GABAergic interneurons by norepinephrine in juvenile rat prefrontal cortical microcircuitry

The noradrenergic system of the brain is thought to facilitate neuronal processes that promote behavioral activation, alertness, and attention. It is known that norepinephrine (NE) can be significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex under normal conditions such as arousal and attention, and following the administration of psychostimulants and various other drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders. However, how NE modulates neuronal activity and synapses in the local prefrontal circuitry remains elusive. In this study, we characterized the actions of NE on individual monosynaptic connections among layer V pyramidal neurons (P) and fast-spiking (FS) GABAergic interneurons in the juvenile (postnatal days 20-23) rat prefrontal local circuitry. We found that NE selectively depresses excitatory synaptic transmission in P-FS connections but has no detectable effect on the excitatory synapses in P-P connections and the inhibitory synapses in FS-P connections. NE apparently exerts distinctly different modulatory actions on identified synapses that target GABAergic interneurons but has no effect on those in the pyramidal neurons in this specific developmental period. These results indicate that, depending on the postsynaptic targets, the effects of NE in prefrontal cortex are synapse-specific, at least in the juvenile animals.
Sodium Tripolyphosphate Stability and Effect in Ground Turkey Meat

Ground turkey meat, cooked and uncooked, was prepared with and without 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and stored at 5 degrees C for different periods of time. STP stability was evaluated by determining soluble orthophosphate. Water-holding capacity (WHC), pH, and microbial count were also measured. STP hydrolyzed rapidly in uncooked samples. Refrigerated storage time (up to 6 days) did not affect STP hydrolysis in cooked turkey meat. Heating accelerated the rate of STP hydrolysis. End point temperatures (65, 75, and 85 degrees C) did not affect the extent of STP hydrolysis. STP increased WHC in both cooked and uncooked samples. STP did not inhibit total microbial growth in cooked or uncooked ground turkey meat.
Model specification and risk premia: evidence from futures options

This paper examines model specification issues and estimates diffusive and jump risk premia using S&P futures option prices from 1987 to 2003. We first develop a time series test to detect the presence of jumps in volatility, and find strong evidence in support of their presence. Next, using the cross section of option prices, we find strong evidence for jumps in prices and modest evidence for jumps in volatility based on model fit. The evidence points toward economically and statistically significant jump risk premia, which are important for understanding option returns.
A New Derivation of the Taylor-Aris Theory of Solute Dispersion in a Capillary

The transport of a dilute solute under viscous motion in a straight capillary is described at three distinct space-time scales. These are the kinetic, fluid mechanical, and Taylorian scales. The transition from one scale to the next higher scale is shown to be a consequence of the central limit theorem (CLT) of probability theory. The Taylor-Aris dispersion equation is derived by an application of a recently proved CLT for Markov processes. An alternative computation of the dispersion coefficient is given using a ‘differential equation averaging’ approach. A third method, which also applies to solute transport in porous media, is illustrated for an approximate computation of the dispersion coefficient.
Working with students and parents to improve the freshman retention

The transition from high school to college can be very difficult for many students. The authors believe that students can advocate on their own behalf by educating themselves on challenges they may potentially face, as well as establishing realistic educational and social goals. Concurrently, parents can assist their children by becoming more aware of, and learning how to help anticipate transitions. This paper acquaints the reader with three key transitional challenges new college students face, as well as offer a preliminary approach to productive interactions with both students and their parents. As evidenced in steadily improving persistence rates, the University of Pittsburgh has found by educating new students and parents in realistically anticipating first year challenges, students are able to productively work through their freshman year university experience.
Visual Significance of Yellow Optical Filters

In this study, optical lenses were formulated to remove wavelengths shorter than 450 nm from various environmental light sources. They were tested for their ability to improve vision by preventing harmful and useless light from entering the eye, and to transmit nearly ail visually useful wavelengths. A spectral colorimeter was used to determine the alterations of the transmission of mixed wavelengths of light caused by these yellow lenses. Further studies of how these lenses effect contrast vision in elderly and partially visually impaired human eyes were done.
The effect of ambiguity on risk management choices: An experimental study

We introduce a model of the decision between precaution and insurance under an ambiguous probability of loss and employ a novel experimental design to test its predictions. Our experimental results show that the likelihood of insurance purchase increases with ambiguous increases in the probability of loss. When insurance is unavailable, individuals invest more in precaution when the probability of loss is known than when it is ambiguous. Our results suggest that sources of ambiguity surrounding liability losses may explain the documented tendency to overinsure against liability rather than meet a standard of care through precaution. The results provide support for our theoretical predictions related to risk management decisions under alternative probabilities of loss and information conditions, and have implications for liability, environmental, and catastrophe insurance markets.
Synthesis of adenine from HCN tetramer and ammonium formate.

Adenine is formed in about 18% yield whenHCN tetramer is heated with ammonium formate at 110 °C. Theprebiotic significance of this reaction is discussed.
The Israeli Moshav in Nigeria: An Estimate of Returns

cently become a widely emulated form of agricultural investment in underdeveloped countries. Its form of organization, resting on the cooperative management of individual holdings and the central provision of mechanical and marketing services, proves attractive to both agricultural planners and local politicians as a means of introducing modem agricultural techniques and of better integrating traditional peasant farming into the market economy. Partly as a result of the wide dissemination of Israeli technical aid, Moshav-inspired settlements are being established in many countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.' Although the influence of the Moshav on government agricultural investment has been widely noted, there has been little discussion of the potential economic returns to this form of organization, especially in the context of African agriculture. Cost studies have been made, but these * This article is drawn from my doctoral dissertation on agricultural investments in the Federation of Nigeria's 6-year development program [10]. The study on which it is based was made possible by a Ford Foundation Dissertation Grant and a grant under the Ford Foundation's Nigeria Project. I am grateful to the Nigerian Western Region Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the Farm Settlement JEROME C. WELLS is research fellow, Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michigan and Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research.
Islamic Banking: A Brief Introduction

This article is a brief introduction to Islamic banking. The article begins with an overview of Shari'ah supervisory boards. It then moves to the functions of Islamic banks. Thereafter, the article considers three banking models: (i) the two-tier mudaraba (service-capital partnership) model; (ii) the two-windows model; and (iii) the wakala (agency) model.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Intermediates Formed in the T4 RNA Ligase Reaction

Abstract T4 RNA ligase can be used efficiently for the synthesis of 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkages between oligo-nucleotide blocks if the intermediate adenylated donor oligo-nucleotide is used. These adenylated oligonucleotides can be prepared using phosphorylating reagents activated by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
Retail Store Operating Results as Guides for Small Merchants

Operating costs of retail stores are generally expressed as percentages of net sales. They represent average ratio costs for past retail operations. Examples are found in Table I, which is based upon data gathered from 525 Oregon merchants, scattered throughout the state, excepting the extreme eastern part. Information was obtained by the author and his research students through personal interviews with the merchants operating small stores. About 70 per cent of the stores had an annual volume of business ranging from $5,ooo to $50,000; and approximately 30 per cent had yearly sales totaling over $50,000. Table I gives arithmetical averages of the percentages which various types of expenditures bear to net sales for different store classifications. While the mode or the median might be a more representative average than the arithmetical average, the latter is more readily understood by small scale retailers, and for that reason it is employed. As shown by Table I, the per cent of operating costs to net sales varies appreciably for the different store classifications. The percentage range is from 42.8 per cent in the case of flower shops down to I7.3 per cent in the instance of grocery and meat stores. Such variation is to be expected for a number of reasons. Different types of stores sell different goods, vary in the assortment of merchandise stocked, differ in services given customers, are unalike in merchandising methods and policies, have different cost locations, use different types of sales promotion, and require employees varying in degrees of skill. How do small scale retailers employ these data on operation costs and to what extent? Some small merchants make use of them as guides for future operations. They allot advertising funds upon the basis of the average cost for this item in their particular store classi-
Fistful of Tears : Encounters with Transnational Affect, Chinese Immigrants and Italian Fast Fashion

In the made in italy fast-fashion sector, the ultimate flexible workers are Chinese migrants, whose parenting practices include circulating children back to China. This paper draws on collaborative research in Prato, Italy, to grasp how Chinese families and individuals encounter the Italian state and negotiate the terms of transnational capitalism. The project innovates an encounter ethnography framework to guide research. This paper investigates the dialectic between economics and affect. Chinese immigrants’ desires to make money are situated in three structural encounters, each at a different level of scale: the Wenzhou regional model of economic development; a Central Italian small-firm environment connected to the made in italy brand; and global restructuring of the textile and clothing industry. These encounters structure migrant experiences. Underlying sentiments expose how families cope with the demands of globalization, particularly their work in a sector demanding long hours and a fast production schedule. Adjusting to garment work is expressed as a “fistful of tears”; a decision to circulate children into the care of relatives back home is said to be “the only solution”. This paper uses the concept of “global household” (Safri and Graham 2010) to examine the transnational dispersal of kin networks and migrants’ reliance on the affective circuits of those networks. They illuminate, as Marshall Sahlins (2000) observed, how “capitalist forces are realized in other forms and finalities”, as a result of local cultural practices such mediating global systems.
Study on the Operation of Intellectual Capital

This article has studied on the operation of the enterprise' s intelligence capital through real example and analysis. The paper has not only probed into the concept and the composition of the intellectual capital, but also into the implication and the characteristic of the intelligence capital operation. It has made a systematic and detailed exposition about six major plans of enterprise' s intelligence capital operation. Finally, this article announces that we can realize the transcending development on the enterprises in western region through the good operation of the intelligence capital.
The value of adrenalectomy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The beneficial effects of bilateral adrenalectomy for women with metastatic breast cancer have been conclusively demonstrated. Aspects considered include hormonal substitution program, indications, contraindications, and selection of patients for adrenalectomy, and adjuvant therapy with adrenalectomy.
Larsen Shelf, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula Continental Margin

Single-channel seismic data from the Larsen Basin reveal an overdeepened shelf with a stratigraphy characterized by many erosional surfaces inferred to be glacigenic. Some of these are overlain by chaotic seismic facies interpreted to be subglacial tills.
Exciton circular dichroism couplet arising from nitrile-derivatized aromatic residues as a structural probe of proteins.

Abstract Exciton coupling between two chromophores can produce a circular dichroism (CD) couplet that depends on their separation distance, among other factors. Therefore, exciton CD signals arising from aromatic sidechains, especially those of tryptophan (Trp), have been used in various protein conformational studies. However, the long-wavelength component of the commonly used CD couplet produced by a pair of Trp residues is typically located around 230 nm, thereby overlapping significantly with the protein backbone CD signal. This overlap often prevents a direct and quantitative assessment of the Trp CD couplet in question without further spectral analysis. Here, we show that this inconvenience can be alleviated by using a derivative of Trp, 5-cyanotryptophan (TrpCN), as the chromophore. Specifically, through studying a series of peptides that fold into either α-helical or s-hairpin conformations, we demonstrate that in comparison with the Trp CD couplet, that arising from two TrpCN residues not only is significantly red-shifted but also becomes more intense due to the larger extinction coefficient of the underlying electronic transition. In addition, we show that a pair of p-cyanophenylalanines (PheCN) or a PheCN–TrpCN pair can also produce a distinct exciton CD couplet that can be useful in monitoring conformational changes in proteins.
Disturbed State Modelling of Materials and Interfaces, and Computer Implementation

The disturbed state concept (DSC) provides a unified constitutive modelling approach for the characterization of materials and interfaces subjected to mechanical and environmental loading. It is based on the idea that during deformation, a material element experiences internal microstructural changes that transforms the initial relative intact (RI) material to fully adjusted (FA) or critical state (c), and as a result, the material is a mixture of randomly disturbed clusters of RI and FA states, Fig. 1. The DSC allows, in a hierarchical manner, development of specialized constitutive models to account for factors such as elastic, plastic and creep strains, hardening, microcracking, damage and softening, stiffening and cyclic fatigue failure. Details of the derivations of incremental equations for observed stresses and strains, definitions of RI and FA states and the disturbance function, validations with respect to laboratory tests for materials such as clays, sands, ceramics and solders, and validation using finite element procedures are given in [1–5]. Brief details are presented below.
Diffusion-Controlled Rotation of Triptycene in a Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Sheds Light on the Viscosity of MOF-Confined Solvent

Artificial molecular machines are expected to operate under conditions of very low Reynolds numbers with inertial forces orders of magnitude smaller than viscous forces. While these conditions are relatively well understood in bulk fluids, opportunities to assess the role of viscous forces in confined crystalline media are rare. Here we report one such example of diffusion-controlled rotation in crystals and its application as a probe for viscosity of MOF-confined solvent. We describe the preparation and characterization of three pillared paddlewheel MOFs, with 9,10-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)triptycene 3 as a pillar and molecular rotator, and three axially substituted dicarboxylate linkers with different lengths and steric bulk. The noncatenated structure with a bulky dicarboxylate linker (UCLA-R3) features a cavity filled by 10 molecules of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Solid-state 2H NMR analysis performed between 293 and 343 K revealed a fast 3-fold rotation of the pillar triptycene group with the temperatur...
Write-behind logging

The design of the logging and recovery components of database management systems (DBMSs) has always been influenced by the difference in the performance characteristics of volatile (DRAM) and non-volatile storage devices (HDD/SSDs). The key assumption has been that non-volatile storage is much slower than DRAM and only supports block-oriented read/writes. But the arrival of new non-volatile memory (NVM) storage that is almost as fast as DRAM with fine-grained read/writes invalidates these previous design choices.This paper explores the changes that are required in a DBMS to leverage the unique properties of NVM in systems that still include volatile DRAM. We make the case for a new logging and recovery protocol, called write-behind logging, that enables a DBMS to recover nearly instantaneously from system failures. The key idea is that the DBMS logs what parts of the database have changed rather than how it was changed. Using this method, the DBMS flushes the changes to the database before recording them in the log. Our evaluation shows that this protocol improves a DBMS's transactional throughput by 1.3×, reduces the recovery time by more than two orders of magnitude, and shrinks the storage footprint of the DBMS on NVM by 1.5×. We also demonstrate that our logging protocol is compatible with standard replication schemes.
Brown at CL-SR'07: Retrieving conversational speech in English and Czech

Brown’s entry to the Cross-Language Speech Retrieval (CL-SR) track at the 2007 Cross Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) 1 was based on the language model (LM) paradigm for retrieval [17]. For English, our system introduced two minor enhancements to the basic unigram: we extended Dirichlet smoothing (popular with unigram modeling) to bigrams, and we smoothed the collection LM to compensate for the small collection size. For Czech, time-constraints restricted us to using a basic unigram model, though we did apply Czech-specific stemming. While our English system performed well in the evaluation and showed the utility of our enhancements, several aspects of it were rushed and need to be addressed in future work. Our Czech system did not perform competitively but did provide us with a useful first experience in non-English retrieval.
Optimal control of flexible drives with load side feedback

Abstract This paper presents a new method for designing accurate motion control laws for high-speed feed drives with structural flexibility. The controller design utilizes only table (load) side feedback measurements to achieve active vibration damping and accurate tracking. Table jerk is penalized in the feedback to inject modal damping. Optimal control theory is used to tune controller for disturbance rejection and active vibration damping. In addition to good low frequency disturbance attenuation, proposed controller actively utilizes structure’s anti-resonance to reject high frequency disturbances. Controller is implemented on a ball-screw drive, and its effectiveness is demonstrated in high-speed tracking experiments against industry standard P-PI control.
Practical nanoscale field emission devices for integrated circuits

Nanoscale field emission devices promise many advantages over traditional solid-state devices including fast switching speeds, extreme operating temperatures, and radiation hardness. Despite this, practical circuits have long been hampered by the extreme requirements of nanoscale field emitters. Devices have required vacuum packaging, or extremely sharp emission points that are difficult to reproduce, or cannot be integrated on a single wafer with independent gating. We demonstrate CMOS compatible, integratable two- and three-terminal devices operating at near atmospheric pressures with high single tip currents at low voltages that can be used as building blocks for future circuits.
The Dewey-Bentley Transactional Procedures of Inquiry

The development of Dewey and Bentley’s transactional procedures of inquiry is described in the first section of this paper; in the second section those procedures are discussed in relation to current work in the behavioral sciences; and in the third section some comparisons are made between the work of Dewey and Bentley and that of Aristotle, G. H. Mead, and J. R. Kantor.
Theoretical predictions suggest carbon dioxide phases III and VII are identical.

Solid carbon dioxide exhibits a rich phase diagram at high pressures. Metastable phase III is formed by compressing dry ice above ∼10-12 GPa. Phase VII occurs at similar pressures but higher temperatures, and its stability region is disconnected from III on the phase diagram. Comparison of large-basis-set quasi-harmonic second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory calculations and experiment suggests that the long-accepted structure of phase III is problematic. The experimental phase III and VII structures both relax to the same phase VII structure. Furthermore, Raman spectra predicted for phase VII are in good agreement with those observed experimentally for both phase III and VII, while those for the purported phase III structure agree poorly with experimental observations. Crystal structure prediction is employed to search for other potential structures which might account for phase III, but none are found. Together, these results suggest that phases III and VII are likely identical.
Photoreactive Stapled Peptides to Identify and Characterize BCL-2 Family Interaction Sites by Mass Spectrometry

Protein interactions dictate a myriad of cellular activities that maintain health or cause disease. Dissecting these binding partnerships, and especially their sites of interaction, fuels the discovery of signaling pathways, disease mechanisms, and next-generation therapeutics. We previously applied all-hydrocarbon peptide stapling to chemically restore α-helical shape to bioactive motifs that become unfolded when taken out of context from native signaling proteins. For example, we developed stabilized alpha-helices of BCL-2 domains (SAHBs) to dissect and target protein interactions of the BCL-2 family, a critical network that regulates the apoptotic pathway. SAHBs are α-helical surrogates that bind both stable and transient physiologic interactors and have effectively uncovered novel sites of BCL-2 family protein interaction. To leverage stapled peptides for proteomic discovery, we describe our conversion of SAHBs into photoreactive agents that irreversibly capture their protein targets and facilitate rapid identification of the peptide helix binding sites. We envision that the development of photoreactive stapled peptides will accelerate the discovery of novel and unanticipated protein interactions and how they impact health and disease.
Social comparisons and quality of life following a prostate cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: The objective was to explore the relationships among cognitive appraisals of prostate cancer (challenge, threat, and harm/loss), social comparisons, and quality of life in men previously d...
Characterization of the Avian Progesterone Receptor Through the Use of Inhibitors

Several chemical agents have been identified which block interaction of the avian progesterone receptor with isolated nuclei, ATP-Sepharose, DNA-cellulose or phosphocellulose. Four of these inhibitors, rifamycin AF/013, o-phenanthroline, aurintricarboxylic acid and pyridoxal 5-phosphate appear to block directly binding of the activated receptor complex to the above “acceptors.” Another inhibitor, sodium molybdate, only blocks receptor interactions when added before receptor activation and therefore appears to interfere with the activation process. When nuclear receptor complexes were formed in vivo and labeled by nuclear exchange with [3H]progesterone in vitro these complexes could not be disrupted by incubation of the nuclei with inhibitors. Therefore, the receptor complex bound in nuclei appears to be modified or masked in a way which resists the action of these chemical agents. These results indicate the value of inhibitors as chemical probes for the analysis of steroid receptors.
Impurity behavior in high-β plasmas in PBX-M

In PBX, an elongated, indented tokamak, an accumulation of impurities leading to strongly peaked radiation profiles was observed, most frequently during the H-mode. The modified device, PBX-M, features a close-fitting stabilizing metallic shell that covers over 85% of the plasma surface and has the capability to produce highly indented plasmas. Two distinct modes of operation were used to generate high-β equilibria in neutral beam heated discharges: 1) high current, highly indented high-βt plasmas, where the plasma was in close proximity to the stabilizing plates and 2) low current, lesser indented high-βp discharges where the plasma equilibrium shape was more oblate than the shell and the plasma was farther from the plates. In co-injected high-βt plasmas, radiative losses were typically 15–25% of the input power and impurity accumulation was mild even in discharges lasting up to 650 ms with 250 ms H-modes. In high-βp discharges, both co- and counter-injection was investigated. In discharges with tangential co-injection, total radiated power gradually peaked on axis, ultimately reaching 60% of the heating power. H-modes were frequently present and the high-Z impurity density profile was strongly peaked. In tangentially counter-injected discharges, the current profile modification led to the suppression of sawteeth and the near elimination of MHD activity outside the q=1 surface. The improved particle confinement led to high electron density, high impurity radiation levels and a thermal collapse; however, the concentration and accumulation of metallic impurities was not as severe as the co-injected case.
Hints on Continuous Frames and Gaussian Linear Systems

All the hints considered so far were defined on a finite frame of discernment Θ. However, in the rest of this book, models where the unknown parameter is continuous will be considered. More precisely, the result of the inference is a hint on ℝ n . Therefore, we start by presenting the particular features of a hint defined on the continuous frame of discernment ℝ n .
A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette forum participation

Abstract Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) Internet forums are social networking websites that allow members around the world to share information and personal experiences about e-cigarettes. However, little is known about their popularity and reach. This longitudinal study investigated indicators of participation (membership, number of discussion boards, and number of message posts) in 77 e-cigarette forums from February 2016 to January 2017. Autoregressive time-series analyses were used to assess monthly changes in participation among small ( 5000 members) forums that were active at all 12 observation time points. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare changes in participation before and after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced the regulation of e-cigarettes. Analyses revealed significant and consistent increases in forum membership (R2s > 0.72; ps 0.97; ps 0.96; ps
Cytokine, Chemokine, and Cytokine Receptor Changes Are Associated With Metabolic Improvements After Bariatric Surgery.

Context Altered cytokine levels and chronic low-grade inflammation contribute to metabolic dysfunction in obesity. The extent of cytokine changes and their impact on metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery have not been fully explored. Objective To compare 76 circulating cytokines, chemokines, and secreted cytokine receptors in subjects with obesity and lean subjects and determine how these cytokines are altered by bariatric surgery. Design, setting, and participants A total of 37 patients with obesity and 37 lean patients in a cross-sectional study at an academic medical center. We also investigated cytokine changes in 25 patients with obesity after bariatric surgery. Intervention Bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy). Main outcome measures Quantification of 76 circulating cytokines, chemokines, and secreted cytokine receptors. Results A total of 13 cytokines were significantly higher, and 4 lower, in patients with obesity relative to lean controls. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sVEGFR2), soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) 1, and sTNFR2 were positively correlated, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products was inversely correlated, with weight and body mass index. sTNFR2 was positively correlated with fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1c. After bariatric surgery, adiponectin increased, and leptin decreased. Elevated sVEGFR2 levels in patients with obesity were decreased (P = 0.01), whereas reduced chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 12 levels in patients with obesity increased (P = 0.03) after surgery. Patients with higher soluble interleukin receptor (sIL) 1R2 and sIL-6R levels before surgery had greater weight loss after surgery (P Conclusions We demonstrate that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 14, sVEGFR2, and platelet-derived growth factor BB are elevated in obesity, and CXCL12, CCL11, and CCL27 are lower in obesity. We found clinically concordant directionality between lean and patients with obesity and before vs after surgery for six cytokines, suggesting that bariatric surgery shifted the cytokine profiles of patients with obesity toward that of lean controls.
A Bilateral Transactive Energy Framework for Electric Power Distribution Systems

The power grid is being transformed from a system with centralized fossil-fuel-based generation and passive customers into the one with a large-scale deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and proactive customers. At the distribution level, centralized and decentralized market constructs have been proposed; however, these methods are not well suited for the coordination of a large number of DERs and responsive loads. In this paper, a bilateral Transactive Energy coordination framework is developed to manage the grid participants’ trading activities. The proposed method consists of long-term bilateral transactions, an optimal social welfare based real-time adjustment stage, and a settlement phase. The IEEE 123 node distribution feeder is used to validate the proposed method. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism and the approach to achieve optimal bilateral transactions.
The Chaperokine Activity of Heat Shock Proteins

Enhanced expression of intracellular heat shock proteins (HSP) primarily promotes protein chaperoning, transport and folding of naive, aberrantly folded, or mutated proteins, resulting in cytoprotection during variety of stressful stimuli. In contrast, exposure of immunocompetent cells to extracellular HSP activates antigen presenting cell-mediated effectors functions; including enhanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, chemokine and costimulatory molecule expression and in anti-tumor surveillance. In addition, extracellular HSP has been shown to play a role in situations of both acute psychological stress and exercise. This chapter covers recent advances in understanding the complex nature of the chaperokine activity of HSP and briefly discusses the biological significance of circulating serum HSPA1A (Hsp70) to host physiology and includes recent application of HSPA1A (Hsp70)-based immunotherapies.
Introduction to Waste Management

Abstract From the beginning of civilization, humans have had to manage wastes. This chapter follows the practices through time, with a particular interest in how the scale and complexity of waste management processes have changed in modern times.
Marketing Marriage and Colorism in India

This chapter provides an analysis of pigmentocracy in the context of matrimonials in India by considering existing literature and real-world examples. By examining the role of skin color in the social spheres of caste and class as they relate to matchmaking, I demonstrate the intersectional ways in which women’s lives are impacted. In postcolonial and patriarchal cultural settings, skin color is a factor that is often considered in potential grooms and brides. The negotiation process entailed in arranged marriages is often affected by the perception of one’s skin color as fair or dark, with the former serving as a bargaining chip and the latter as a liability. Ads placed on an online matchmaking site are considered as examples of cultural preferences encompassing caste, class, and color. Other areas of social life that influence pigmentocratic values—including popular culture such as Bollywood and the skin lightening industry—are also explored.
KleinPAT: optimal mode conflation for time-domain precomputation of acoustic transfer

We propose a new modal sound synthesis method that rapidly estimates all acoustic transfer fields of a linear modal vibration model, and greatly reduces preprocessing costs. Instead of performing a separate frequency-domain Helmholtz radiation analysis for each mode, our method partitions vibration modes into chords using optimal mode conflation, then performs a single time-domain wave simulation for each chord. We then perform transfer deconflation on each chord's time-domain radiation field using a specialized QR solver, and thereby extract the frequency-domain transfer functions of each mode. The precomputed transfer functions are represented for fast far-field evaluation, e.g., using multipole expansions. In this paper, we propose to use a single scalar-valued Far-field Acoustic Transfer (FFAT) cube map. We describe a GPU-accelerated vector wavesolver that achieves high-throughput acoustic transfer computation at accuracy sufficient for sound synthesis. Our implementation, KleinPAT, can achieve hundred- to thousand-fold speedups compared to existing Helmholtz-based transfer solvers, thereby enabling large-scale generation of modal sound models for audio-visual applications.
Estimating Public Speaking Anxiety from Speech Signals Using Unsupervised Transfer Learning

Public speaking anxiety (PSA) ranks as a top social phobia across the world caused by various confounding factors. Motivated by the inherent data sparsity and lack of annotations in human-related applications, we propose unsupervised learning techniques to estimate PSA from speech signals. The labeled source data come from the publicly available CREMA-D dataset, while the unlabeled target data come from real-life public speaking tasks. Since fear is one of the major factors of PSA, the goal of this study is to build fear-specific representations from the labeled source data to estimate the degree of fear in the target data, and examine the extent to which the latter is associated with anxiety during the public speaking encounter. Transfer learning is performed through the domain-adversarial neural network (DANN) and Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN). Results indicate that the proposed unsupervised fear- specific estimates can detect public speaking anxiety with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.28 (p <0.01). When these fear- specific estimates are combined with the degree of an individual’s preparation for the public speaking task, obtained through selfreports, they yield Pearson’s correlation of 0.55 (p <0.01). These indicate the feasibility of leveraging labeled emotion-specific corpora for detecting human-related outcomes in real-life and provides a foundation for smart assistive technologies through the automated real-time estimation of anxiety during public speaking.
Development of Silica-Immobilized Vaccines for Improving Thermo-Tolerance and Shelf-Life.

Introduction. It is estimated that 50% of vaccines produced annu- ally are wasted because effectivity is dependent on protein structure and heat exposure disrupts the intermolecular interactions that maintain this structure. Since 90% of vaccines require a temperature- controlled supply chain, it is necessary to create a cold chain system to minimize vaccine waste. We have developed a more sustainable technology via the adsorption of Invasion Plasmid Antigen D (IpaD) onto mesoporous silica gels, improving the thermal stability of pro- tein-based therapeutics. Methods.xThe solution depletion method using UV-Vis was uti- lized to study the adsorption of IpaD onto silica gels. The silica-IpaD complex is heated above the denaturing temperature of the protein and then the IpaD is removed using N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (LDAO) and their secondary structure is tested using cir- cular dichroism (CD). Results. Pore diameter, pore volume and surface area were charac- terized for seven different silica gels. Silica gels designated as 6389, 6378, and 6375 had an adsorption percentage above 95% at pore volumes of 2.2, 2.8 and 3.8 cm3 mg-1, respectively. CD analyses con- firmed that the adsorbed IpaD after the heat treatment displayed a similar “W” shape CD signal as the native IpaD, indicating the con- servation of α-helices. In contrast, the unprotected IpaD after being exposed to high temperature shows a flat CD signal, demonstrating the loss of secondary structure. Conclusion. We have successfully increased the thermo-tolerance for IpaD using mesoporous silica and continue to further optimize mesoporous silica’s physiochemical properties to improve adsorption and desorption yields.
Digital Mental Health: The Answer to the Global Mental Health Crisis?

Digital mental health interventions are often touted as the solution to the global mental health crisis. However, moving mental health care from the hands of professionals and into digital apps may further isolate individuals who need human connection the most. In this commentary, we argue that people, our society’s greatest resource, are as ubiquitous as technology. Thus, we argue that research focused on using technology to support all people in delivering mental health prevention and intervention deserves greater attention in the coming decade.
‘Terrifyingly Normal’ Authoritarian Bureaucracies: Intra-Agency Reform and Secret Police Surveillance Capacity in Socialist Poland

Coercive institutions are essential components of authoritarian states and contribute to regime durability. However, variation in the internal structures of these institutions remains relatively unexplored. I argue that frequent intra-agency reforms of coercive institutions shape the incentives and constraints facing individual bureaucrats. Increases in the number of units within an agency responsible for the same task generate competition for successful outcomes on tangible, observable indicators, such as the registration of collaborators who provide information on the opposition. I test this argument using a research design which exploits an exogenous shock to the organization of the state security apparatus caused by an administrative district reform in socialist Poland. I find that areas which saw an increase in the number of regional secret police offices experienced significantly faster growth in the state security's network of secret informants and collaborators. The effects of the reform on the collaborator network were large, even compared to those of mass unrest in 1976, and increasing both through time and with the number of new administrations created. My results suggest that internal structures and reforms of authoritarian bureaucracies deserve greater attention from scholars of autocracy and democratization.
Supporting Prospective Teachers’ Critical Reflection for Transformative Learning

This chapter steps back from the individual stories of the four prospective teachers, and the questions about how they reflected and how they acted in the classroom, and looks at the institutional factors that encouraged them to reflect and to act as they did. I then present a data-driven approach to teacher education grounding in the theoretical framework of critical reflection for transformative learning and briefly consider the possibilities for integration of technologies other than ePortfolios into the reflective process.
SIMPoly: A Matlab-Based Image Analysis Tool to Measure Electrospun Polymer Scaffold Fiber Diameter

Quantifying fiber diameter is important for characterizing electrospun polymer scaffolds. Many researchers use manual measurement methods, which can be time-consuming and variable. Semi-automated tools exist, but there is room for improvement. The current work used Matlab to develop an image analysis program to quickly and consistently measure fiber diameter in scanning electron micrographs. The new Matlab method, termed "SIMPoly" (Semiautomated Image Measurements of Polymers) was validated by using synthetic images with known fiber size and was found to be accurate. The Matlab method was also applied by three different researchers to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Results were compared with the semi-automated DiameterJ method and a manual ImageJ measurement approach, and it was found that the Matlab-based SIMPoly method provided measurements in the expected range and with the least variability between researchers. In conclusion, this work provides and describes SIMPoly, a Matlab-based image analysis method that can simply and accurately measure polymer fiber diameters in SEM images with minimal variation between users.
Indexed Color History Many-Core Engines for Display Stream Compression Decoders

This paper describes and compares 9 many-core designs and software implementations of the Indexed Color History (ICH) module, which is part of VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC) decoders. The smallest design is mapped to only 8 small processors. Other designs use a new algorithm to split the ICH table update process into index update and entry update tasks. This algorithm is implemented with a variety of parallel and optimized architectures to provide a range of throughputs and energy efficiencies utilizing from 9 to 53 processors. The proposed ICH designs deliver frame rates in 1080p (1920×1080) up to 75, 74, and 38 frames per second (fps) in 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 modes, while dissipating 15 mJ, 16 mJ, and 30 mJ per frame respectively at 1.75 GHz at 1.1 V. Compared to reference designs implemented on an Intel i7-7700HQ, the proposed designs achieve up to 3.4×, 3.9×, and 5.3× higher frame rates, and up to 177×, 193×, and 261× lower energy per frame in 4:2:0, 4:2:2, and 4:4:4 modes respectively.
FUS and TDP-43 Phases in Health and Disease.

The distinct prion-like domains (PrLDs) of FUS and TDP-43, modulate phase transitions that result in condensates with a range of material states. These assemblies are implicated in both health and disease. In this review, we examine how sequence, structure, post-translational modifications, and RNA can affect the self-assembly of these RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We discuss how our emerging understanding of FUS and TDP-43 liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and aggregation, could be leveraged to design new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis associated with Neospora caninum in a USA captive bred zebra (Equus zebra)

Abstract A 6-year-old female captive zebra (Equus zebra) had a three-year history of slow progressive neurologic signs that recently worsened with hind limb ataxia, head tilt, and circling. Gross examination including the brain and spinal cord were unremarkable. On histopathology, the brain and brainstem had multiple random areas of severe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis associated with numerous 15–25 μm in diameter protozoal cysts with a discernible outer wall containing numerous 2 × 4 μm oval to crescent-shaped organisms. Immunohistochemistry and PCR identified the presence of Neospora organisms associated with the lesions. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is generally associated with Sarcocystis neurona or less commonly Neospora hughesi. Molecular characterization revealed the first case of EPM associated with Neospora caninum in an equid as confirmed by DNA analysis.
The dual penal empire: Emergency powers and military courts in Palestine/Israel and beyond *:

This article explores the duality of emergency powers and criminal law in old and new formations of empire. Set against the backdrop of the US “war on terror,” I link discussions around current art...