cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of long-term survivors with multiple myeloma: A National Cancer Data Base analysis

BACKGROUND There exist insufficient data characterizing patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who experienced prolonged survival. A population-based analysis of long-term survivors was conducted to investigate the roles of sociodemographic factors and upfront stem cell transplantation (SCT). METHODS The National Cancer Data Base is a US cancer database of approximately 34 million patients from >1500 cancer centers. Patients with MM were identified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) code 9732 from January 2004 to December 2006 and were divided into 4 groups based on overall survival (OS). Sociodemographic characteristics, treatment facility, and use of SCT were recorded. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression and Pearson chi-square tests. RESULTS A total of 26,986 patients with MM were identified. The median OS was 2.74 years. The majority of patients were male (54%), white (77%), insured (93%) and otherwise healthy (78%), lived in a metropolitan area (82%), were of high income (66%) and educational (58%) levels, and received treatment at nonacademic facilities (63%). Upfront SCT was used in 10% of patients. One in 6 patients (16%) were long-term survivors (group 4). When comparing group 4 (OS of ≥8.22 years) with the other groups (OS of <8.22 years), young age, female sex, high income and educational levels, residence in a rural area, insured status, no comorbidity, receipt of upfront SCT, and treatment at high-volume facilities were associated with long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS Key differences in sociodemographic characteristics, patient volume at treatment facilities, and upfront SCT were associated with long-term survival. Improvements in health care access and health literacy, upfront SCT, and treatment at high-volume facilities might prolong patient survival.
Dampening of Positive Affect Predicts Substance Use During Partial Hospitalization

Elevated positive affect is associated with craving for substances of abuse, yet little is known about regulation of positive emotion in substance use disorders. This study tested if the emotion regulation strategy of dampening (deliberately down-regulating positive affect) contributes to substance use outcomes in a transdiagnostic sample. Participants (N = 120) were adults endorsing risky substance use, recruited from an acute psychiatric treatment program that requires abstinence during treatment. Craving and dampening were assessed at admission. A logistic regression to evaluate likelihood of substance use during treatment yielded a significant interaction between dampening and frequency of substance use in the previous month: odds of use during treatment were higher among those with heavier pre-treatment use, but only at high levels of dampening. This study provides preliminary evidence that dampening increases risk for substance use among those with high levels of pre-treatment substance use. Findings are limited by the use of a general psychiatric sample, which did not include individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders; future studies are needed to replicate this effect in individuals with substance use disorders. Results point to the need for interventions to enhance healthy regulation of positive affect in substance-using populations.
Survey of thyroid volume of school children of Chongqing in 2011

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study. Key words: Child; Thyroid gland; Volume ; Data collection
Organizational Inclusion and Turnover Intentions of Federal Employees with Disabilities

People with disabilities have experienced a long history of prejudice and disenfranchisement. Negative attitudes and stigmas continue to act as barriers to employment and career success of individu...
A Model for The High Latitude Isotropic Boundary

The region of the high latitude trapping boundary for energetic particles has been studied for many years beginning with McDiarmid and Burrows [1] and Fritz [2]. Just equatorward of the cut-off boundary of the radiation belt is a region of isotropic pitch angle distributions for electrons and ions which varies in position and width with magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic activity. Surprisingly it is present in some form for almost all satellite passes within a few hours of local midnight regardless of the level of geomagnetic activity. The cause of these isotropic pitch angle distributions is thought to be pitch angle scattering due to a sharp curvature in the field line geometry, [3], [4], and [5], violating the first adiabatic invariant. This curvature can be quantified by the ratio R of the minimum field line radius of curvature to the maximum radius of gyration for the particle of given energy and mass being studied. We have used a model of the magnetic field configuration calculated using a realistic field model given by an internal field (IGRF) and an external field (Tsyganenko T96) to determine the scattering regions for different energies and particles, based on the assumption that there is a minimum value of the ratio R that permits particles to complete their bounce motion without being scattered as they cross the field reversal region. By assuming that the particles, after the scattering process, will drift conserving the first and second adiabatic invariants, the location of the boundary as a function of energy and local time is found. The model results and predictions will be compared to energetic particle data from the NOAA/Tiros and GGS/Polar satellites.
Volatile chemistry, not phylogeny, predicts host range of a biological control agent of Old-World climbing fern

Abstract The safety of weed biological control depends upon the selection and utilization of the target weed by the agent while causing minimal harm to non-target species. Selection of weed species by biological control agents is determined by the presence of behavioral cues, namely host secondary plant compounds that elicit oviposition and feeding responses. Non-target species that elicit the same behavioral cues as found in the target weed may be at risk of damage by classical biological control agents. Here we determined volatile secondary plant constituents of the invasive weed Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum and five Lygodium non-target species. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and permutational analysis of variance indicated that the volatile profiles for each Lygodium species were significantly distinct from one another. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of 32 volatile constituents indicated that several, including 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, sativene, δ-cadinene, and ethyl hexanoate, distinguish the non-target Lygodium species from the target L. microphyllum. We retrospectively compared the ovipositional responses of the established classical biocontrol agent Neomusotima conspurcatalis, previously tested and released for biological control of L. microphyllum to these species and found similarity of volatile profile to L. microphyllum was a strong predictor of oviposition (R2 = 0.86), while phylogenetic distance predicted neither volatile profile nor oviposition for the Lygodium species tested. These results suggest that distinct volatile profiles among Lygodium species facilitated the selection of the target weed L. microphyllum and the invasive congener L. japonicum while avoiding other, non-target species native to the introduced range for oviposition. These volatile profiles could serve as behavioral cues used by this biological control agent N. conspurcatalis to select a narrow host range.
Continuous-capture microwave imaging.

Light-in-flight sensing has emerged as a promising technique in image reconstruction applications at various wavelengths. We report a microwave imaging system that uses an array of transmitters and a single receiver operating in continuous transmit-receive mode. Captures take a few microseconds and the corresponding images cover a spatial range of tens of square meters with spatial resolution of 0.1 meter. The images are the result of a dot product between a reconstruction matrix and the captured signal with no prior knowledge of the scene. The reconstruction matrix uses an engineered electromagnetic field mask to create unique random time patterns at every point in the scene and correlates it with the captured signal to determine the corresponding voxel value. We report the operation of the system through simulations and experiment in a laboratory scene. We demonstrate through-wall real-time imaging, tracking, and observe second-order images from specular reflections. The authors present a microwave imaging system that can operate in continuous transmit-receive mode. Using an array of transmitters, a single receiver and a reconstruction matrix that correlate random time patterns with the captured signal, they demonstrate real-time imaging and tracking through a wall.
Effect of Pharmacist Audit on Antibiotic Duration for Pneumonia and Urinary Tract Infection.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of clinical pharmacists in daily audits, under the direction of an antimicrobial stewardship program, of antibiotic treatment durations for the common inpatient disease states of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective single-center cohort study that evaluated the difference in the duration of antibiotic therapy for CAP or non–catheter-associated UTI of hospitalized patients who received a daily audit by clinical pharmacists compared with patients who did not receive a daily audit. Retrospective chart review included randomly selected hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAP or UTI during preaudit and postaudit periods. Results The preaudit group had 64 patients; and the postaudit group, 51 patients. The therapy duration was 7 days in the preaudit group and 6 days in the postaudit group (P=.55). Fluoroquinolone use was reduced in the postaudit group and was significantly less than in the preaudit group (24 [37.5%] vs 7 [13.7%]; P=.007). Conclusion The daily audits of clinical pharmacists may be an effective method to reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy and are effective in the reduction of fluoroquinolone use. Additional studies must be done to further investigate the effects of clinical pharmacist antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
High-risk alcohol consumption may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion: a prospective seroepidemiologic cohort study among American college students

Abstract Aims To estimate the associations between high-risk alcohol consumption and (1) SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, (2) self-reported new SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (3) symptomatic COVID-19. Design Prospective cohort Setting Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), a public university of 34,660 students in southern Indiana. Participants At the beginning of the fall 2020 semester, we randomly sampled N=1,267 IU undergraduate students, aged 18 years or older and residing in Monroe County, IN. Measurements Primary exposure was high-risk alcohol consumption measured with the AUDIT questionnaire. We used an AUDIT score of 8 or more as the cut-off score when detecting high-risk alcohol consumption. Primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, assessed with two SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, at baseline and endline. Secondary outcomes were a) self-reported new SARS-CoV-2 infection at the study endline, and b) self-reported symptomatic COVID-19 at baseline. Findings Prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption was 34%. We found that students with high-risk alcohol consumption status had 2.34 [95% CI: (1.29, 4.24)] times the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and 1.89 [95% CI: (1.08, 3.32)] times the risk of self-reporting a positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to students with no such risk. Moreover, students with high-risk alcohol consumption were 18% more likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19, though this association was not statistically significant. Similar results were found after adjusting for sex at birth, race, and year in school. Findings from sensitivity analyses corroborated these results and suggested potential for a dose-response relationship. Conclusions In this sample of American college students, high-risk alcohol consumption was associated with higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion/infection. These findings could have implications for colleges’ reopening planning in fall 2021.
Impact of using wearable devices on psychological Distress: Analysis of the health information national Trends survey.

Abstract Aim This study explores the possible impact of wearables on psychological distress and their implications on designs. Method The study conceptualizes and tests two exploratory models by analyzing the US-based Health Information National Trends Survey of 2019 and 2020. Six variants from the databases were used in the study as predictors. We used models 4 and 6 of the Hayes PROCESS macros to test our conceptual parallel and sequential mediation models, respectively. Results The finding indicates significant and negative indirect effects of ‘Use of wearable device’ on ‘Psychological distress.’ In parallel mediation models, ‘self-care’ and ‘health perception’ were noted to be significant mediators. Wearable devices were associated with improved ‘Health perception,’ ‘Self-care,’ and longer ‘workout duration,’, which in turn helped reduce ‘psychological distress’ (better mental health). The sequential mediation model captured the indirect effect of ‘Use of wearable device’ on ‘Psychological distress’ when sequentially mediated by ‘workout duration,’ ‘BMI,’ ‘self-care,’ and ‘health perception’ in the given order. Conclusion As the adoption of digital wearables is increasing due to their growing potential to augment physiological and psychosocial health, it is critical that these technologies are designed to address the needs of users from diverse backgrounds (race, education level, age).
Evaluating a Day Treatment Program for Children with Serious Emotional Disorders

EVALUATING A DAY TREATMENT PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH SERIOUS EMOTIONAL DISORDER by Nicole Lynn Lee, MSW A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2004 Director: Marilyn A. Biggerstaff, D.S.W., Professor, School of Social Work The current study used a longitudinal design to evaluate a day treatment program for children with serious emotional disorder located in Richmond, Virginia (N = 101). Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale (Hodges, 1984, 1999) results were analyzed from children who had attended the program for at least six months. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance tests indicated that children attending YDT for nine months improved their overall functioning F(2, 217) = 26.23, p = .01 as well as their functioning at school F(3,279)= 10.822, p =.01, home F(3, 244) = 6.120, p = .01, and in the community F(3, 238) = 4.158, p =.01. In addition, children improved their thinking F(2, 232) = 5.595, p = .01, behavior toward others F(3, 279)= 24.230, p = .01 and decreased the amount of self-harm F(1, 121) = 7.546, p =.01. Children began YDT with an average total CAFAS score of score of 85.90; however, after nine months of treatment, children dropped 20.40 points to an average CAFAS score of 65.50 points. Results indicate that
The Marriage Amendments, Equality and Partner Benefits: A Letter to the Moscow, Idaho City Council

This paper was begun in response to inquiries from local politicians considering the adoption of a partner benefits policy in the city of Moscow Idaho. The Michigan courts had recently struck down such a policy as violative of the Michigan constitutional ban on same sex marriage. The article argues that a jurisdiction's position on marriage is not relevant to the recognition of a partner benefits policy.
A two-dimensional linear bicharacteristic FDTD method

The linear bicharacteristic scheme (LBS) was originally developed to improve unsteady solutions in computational acoustics and aeroacoustics. The LBS has previously been extended to treat lossy materials for one-dimensional problems. It is a classical leapfrog algorithm, but is combined with upwind bias in the spatial derivatives. This approach preserves the time-reversibility of the leapfrog algorithm, which results in no dissipation, and it permits more flexibility by the ability to adopt a characteristic based method. The use of characteristic variables allows the LBS to include the Perfectly Matched Layer boundary condition with no added storage or complexity. The LBS offers a central storage approach with lower dispersion than the Yee algorithm, plus it generalizes much easier to nonuniform grids. It has previously been applied to two and three-dimensional free-space electromagnetic propagation and scattering problems. This paper extends the LBS to the two-dimensional case. Results are presented for point source radiation problems, and the FDTD algorithm is chosen as a convenient reference for comparison.
Discursive Intervention in International Intellectual Property Policymaking: How Developing Countries and Civil Society Employ Text to Challenge and Change the Status Quo

This study looks at discursive instabilities or tensions in intellectual property (IP) policymaking and their role in efforts by developing country representatives and civil society actors struggling to mobilize alternative agendas. I address 2 research questions: (1) How are discursive strategies of policy framing employed to challenge the international IP regime status quo and its underlying rationale? and (2) How does a discursive approach to policy analysis expand our understanding of how ideas about IP governance evolve, and what are the implications of this understanding for actors seeking to intervene in the debate? This study finds the production and distribution of texts to be a central site of ongoing contestation against normative conventions and narratives that reproduce the hegemonic order.
Chapter 5 - The Evolution of Thermal Sensitivity in Changing Environments

The genetic models show that oscillating selection imposed by daily and seasonal environmental variation is effective in maintaining heritable genetic variation for environmental sensitivity. Fluctuating temporal variation is common to all natural habitats and may contribute to the high heritability for fitness-related traits often found in natural populations. The rates of evolution are even slower than might be expected because of conflicting selection pressures imposed by genotype-environment interactions; however, these same interactions may provide important help in maintaining genetic variation in populations. Hopefully, emerging methods in the molecular study of temperature responses will be applied to these fundamental questions that bridge the world of molecular biology, ecology, and evolutionary physiology.
Axiomatizing Complex Concepts from Fundamentals

We have been engaged in the project of encoding commonsense theories of cognition, or how we think we think, in a logical representation. In this paper we use the concept of a "serious threat" as our prime example, and examine the infrastructure required for capturing the meaning of this complex concept. It is one of many examples we could have used, but it is particularly interesting because building up to this concept from fundamentals, such as causality and scalar notions, highlights a number of representational issues that have to be faced along the way, where the complexity of the target concepts strongly influences how we resolve those issues. We first describe our approach to definition, defeasibility, and reification, where hard decisions have to bemade to get the enterprise off the ground.We then sketch our approach to causality, scalar notions, goals, and importance. Finally we use all this to characterize what it is to be a serious threat. All of this is necessarily sketchy, but the key ideas essential to the target concept should be clear.
Fertility Decline in Former “Asian Tigers”

The fertility opportunity hypothesis suggests that individuals and couples adjust family size in response to their perception that economic opportunity is increasing (or diminishing.) A sense that opportunities are expanding encourages a relatively high, even rising, family size target. On the contrary, the perception that opportunities and resources will fall short of satisfying the aspirations of oneself or family lead to lowering family size targets. The literature suggests that family size target translates into completed family size on the order of 85 to 90 percent. The economic collapse of former “Asian tigers” in late summer, 1997, offered a chance to test the hypothesis prospectively. In, 1998, an author (Abernethy) predicted that fertility rates in the nine Asian tiger economies would fall during the 1997-1999 interval at a faster rate than had been observed in immediately preceding two-year intervals. This paper reports the results of tests of the hypothesis with respect to the Asian tigers and several other country clusters for which no particular prediction was made. Preliminary findings appear to support the fertility opportunity hypothesis.
Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to cultured pocket epithelium: mono- and multi-layered

Adhesion of bacteria to epithelial cells might be influenced by the degree of cell differentiation, as observed in the multi-layering process of epithelial cells. In the present study, the adhesion of a large group of clinical Porphyromonas gingivalis strains (n=11) to in vitro cultured mono- and multi-layers of epithelial cells was examined and compared. The tissue samples originated from 6 patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria adhered more to mono-layers as opposed to the more differentiated multi-layers. Differences between the clinical P. gingivalis strains, however, became obvious only on multi-layers. These partially differentiated cells may also better represent the individual subject variations. Mono-layer cultures, which are simpler to obtain, seem to be less precise. The importance of cell differentiation on bacterial adhesion needs more attention.
Effects of feeding cholesterol and mixed plant sterols on the fecal excretion of acidic steroids in rhesus monkeys

Abstract The effects of feeding diets with high or low amounts of cholesterol and with low or high levels of mixed plant sterols (sitosterol : campesterol : stigmasterol, 60: 35 :5) on the daily fecal excretion of acidic steroids were studied in rhesus monkeys. During periods of low dietary plant sterol, total fecal acidic steroid excretion was 43% lower ( P P P P
Rate-dependent blockade of a potassium current in human atrium by the antihistamine loratadine.

The antihistamine loratadine is widely prescribed for the treatment of symptoms associated with allergies. Although generally believed to be free of adverse cardiac effects, there are a number of recent reports suggesting that loratadine use may be associated with arrhythmias, in particular atrial arrhythmias. Nothing is known regarding the potassium channel blocking properties of loratadine in human cardiac cells. Using the whole-cell patch clamp technique, the effects of loratadine on the transient outward K current (Ito), sustained current (Isus), and current measured at −100 mV (IK1 and Ins), the major inward and outward potassium currents present in human atrial myocytes, were examined in order to provide a possible molecular mechanism for the observed atrial arrhythmias reported with loratadine use. Loratadine rate-dependently inhibited Ito at therapeutic concentrations with 10 nM loratadine reducing Ito amplitude at a pacing rate of 2 Hz by 34.9±6.0%. In contrast, loratadine had no effect on either Isus or current measured at −100 mV. These results may provide a possible mechanism for the incidences of supraventricular arrhythmias reported with the use of loratadine. British Journal of Pharmacology (1999) 126, 575–580; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702273
Revisiting Turbulence Model Validation for High-Mach Number Axisymmetric Compression Corner Flows

Two axisymmetric shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) cases are used to benchmark one- and two-equation Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. This validation exercise was executed in the philosophy of the NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource and the AIAA Turbulence Model Benchmarking Working Group. Both SWBLI cases are from the experiments of Kussoy and Horstman for axisymmetric compression corner geometries with SWBLI inducing flares of 20 and 30 degrees, respectively. The freestream Mach number was approximately 7. The RANS closures examined are the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model and the Menter family of kappa − omega two equation models including the Baseline and Shear Stress Transport formulations. The Wind-US and CFL3D RANS solvers are employed to simulate the SWBLI cases. Comparisons of RANS solutions to experimental data are made for a boundary layer survey plane just upstream of the SWBLI region. In the SWBLI region, comparisons of surface pressure and heat transfer are made. The effects of inflow modeling strategy, grid resolution, grid orthogonality, turbulent Prandtl number, and code-to-code variations are also addressed.
The Efficient Utilization of an R.F. Power Oscillator for Producing Low-pressure Plasmas†

ABSTRACT In an ordinary arrangement for high-frequency plasma heating a discharge tube is placed inside an r.f. coil, as in the analogous case of the induction heating of metals, and the coil is connected to a standard power oscillator. If a low-pressure plasma is to be produced, i.e. in gas at 0.1–500 microns pressure, the energy transferred to the plasma then will be only a small fraction of the generator capacity, because of the low power factor of the load. Simple expedients are described which result in the attainment of a much increased r.f. magnetic flux density in the discharge tube. The resulting increase in the plasma conductivity, hence in the load power factor, is sufficient to effect high and efficient loading. The discussion centres around the use of a 15 kw, 450 kc/sec oscillator for plasma research studies. The usefulness of the generator is considerably increased by electronic control, which allows times of operation as brief as 0.05 sec. Short-time operation and low average loading permi...
Low-frequency Intensity Noise Reduction for Fiber-Optic Sensor Applications

Fiber sensors have recently taken advantage of the 1.3µm diode-pumped laser technology, which offers high output power in a single frequency and orders of magnitude improvement in frequency stability over semiconductor devices [1]. The small frequency jitter [2] of Nd:YAG lasers enables one to attain submicron phase noise in interferometric sensors with as much as 10 meters of optical path difference. Because non-linear fiber sensors, such as magnetic fiber sensors, which make use of a carrier to upconvert low-frequency signals to be detected, are often limited by intensity noise upconverted around the carrier [3], we have measured the intensity stability of those devices . The intensity noise in fiber sensors originates from both the laser instabilities and the drifts in the fiber launch.
Performance Analysis of a Database Filter Search Hardware

Several hardware algorithms to search for a large number of keys in a database are presented. These algorithms allow some false matches but guarantee hits for the desired search keys. This imperfectness allows us to design a variety of simple hardware searchers by using only RAM's and shift registers. Analytic models are developed to compare the performances of these hardware devices. Applications of these devices for database systems are also discussed.
Expression of a bacterial gene in mammalian cells

Transfection of cultured monkey kidney cells with recombinant DNA constructed with a cloned Escherichia coli gene that codes for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and several different SV40 DNA-based vectors, results in the synthesis of readily measurable quantities of the bacterial enzyme. Moreover, the physiological defect in purine nucleotide synthesis characteristic of human Lesch-Nyhan cells can be overcome by the introduction of the bacterial gene into these cells.
Roosevelt and the courts

Studies were performed on mature Wistar strain rats, subjected to 43 degrees C environmental temperature for 4 h at a relative air humidity of 60-70%. Spinal cords of rats sacrificed 1, 24, 48, 72 h and one week after hyperthermia served as a material for the studies. Routinely stained preparations (H+E, Nissl) and enzymatic activity of some phosphatases and esterases was estimated as well in sections subjected to Feulgen reaction karyo- and cytophotometric measurements were performed on cell nuclei of anterior horns neurocytes, anterior columns oligodendrocytes and on anterior funicle astrocytes of the spinal cord lumbar segment. The hyperthermia resulted in rat spinal cords in several morphological and histochemical alterations. Signs of diffuse spinal cord lesion of vascular origin were present with degenerative alterations of neurocytes, oligodendroglia proliferation and astroglia hyperplasia. In histoenzymatic studies changes in enzymatic activity of NsE, AChE, ChE, AcP, ATPase and TPPase were noted. They were dependent upon the time which elapsed after hyperthermia. Karyo- and cytophotometric measurements demonstrated cell nuclei oedema in neurocytes, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes associated with a decrease in the relative DNA level and changes in density and concentration of nuclear chromatin. The observed morphological, histoenzymatic and cytophotometric changes were of a reversible type and majority of them vanished within a week after hyperthermia.
Preservation Management of Digital Materials: A Handbook

This handbook aims “at both identifying good practice in creating and managing and preserving digital materials and also providing a range of practical tools to assist in that process.” The authors...
Surface-Modified Carbons for the Drying of Gas Streams

Abstract As-received commercial activated carbons do not adsorb noticeable amounts of water vapor at lower relative vapor pressures (r.v.p.). Following surface oxidation with nitric acid, moisture sorption capacity at lower r.v.p. increases 100-fold. Exchange of surface H+ ions of oxidized carbons by metal cations (Li, Na, K, Ca) brings about a further substantial increase in moisture sorption capacity. At lower r.v.p., water uptake on some of the cation exchanged samples is comparable to that on commercial zeolite molecular sieves. Following an adsorption run, moisture sorption capacity of ion-exchanged carbons can be fully restored upon outgassing at 140°C. This is in sharp contrast to the zeolite sieves which need to be heated to above 350°C to be completely regenerated.
The anatomy of experimental leaflet abscission in Phaseolus vulgaris.

icity to spores. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 3: 13-38. McLAUCHLAN, W. H. 1903. Uber den Einfluss von Salzen auf die Wasserloslichkeit von Schwefelwasserstoff, Jod. und Brom. Zeitschr. Phys. Chem. 44: 600-633. MARSH, R. W. 1929. Investigation on the fungicidal action of sulphur. III. Studies on the toxicity of sulphuretted hydrogen and on the interaction of sulphur with fungi. Jour. Pom. and Hort. Sci. 7: 237-250. POLLACCI, E. 1875. Della ragione per cui ii solfo uccide l'oido della vite, e sulla emissione d'idrogeno libero dalle piante. Gazz. Chim. Italiana. 5: 451-460. SELMI, F. 1874 et 1875. Osservazioni sullo sviluppo d'idrogene nascente dalle muffe e dei funghi. Rendiconto dell' Accademie delle Scienze di Bologna. SHRINER, R. L., AND R. C. FUSON. 1940. The systematic identification of organic compounds. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
T1 oligonucleotide maps of moloney and HIX murine leukemia viruses

Abstract HIX virus shares approximately 80% of the large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides derived from its genome with Moloney IC murine leukemia virus. In addition, each virus possesses oligonucleotides not found in the other. The oligonucleotides unique to either HIX or Moloney (that could be ordered) were found to lie clustered in corresponding regions in the 3' halves of the HIX and Moloney IC T1 oligonucleotide maps. A second clonal isolate of Moloney virus, Moloney clone-1, was found to differ from the Moloney IC isolate by about 5–10% of its large RNase Tl-resistant oligonucleotides. HIX virus was more closely related to Moloney IC than to Moloney clone-1 virus. These results provide good evidence to support the proposal that HIX virus arose by recombination involving Moloney IC and an as yet unidentified xenotropic virus.
Studies Of The Solid-Liquid Interface Via Laser Excited Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy

The chemistry of the solid-liquid interface is of intense practical and theoretical interest, since a vast majority of heterogeneous reaction, adsorption, and epitaxy processes occur there. It is also among the most difficult of systems to study. One must have a probe which is extraordinarily sensitive, in order to observe the first few atomic layers, and very selective, in order to separate the effects of the surface associated species from those of the solvent or neat liquid in close proximity. To fulfill these requirements and to retain the advantages of optical spectroscopic techniques requires that the electric fields employed for excitation of interfacial molecules be spatially localized. When the solid component of the interface is one of the non-lossy metals, the above constraints can be satisfied by exciting a surface plasma resonance of a thin metallic film. Both theoretical and experimental work has shown that enhancement of Raman signals at Ag-liquid interfaces can be as high as 4 x 104. In addition the excitation of surface plasma resonances at metallic interfaces in the Kretschmann configuration has been shown to be extremely sensitive to adsorption of components from the ambient.4-7 In general the position of the plasmon resonance along the wavevector axis shifts and broadens upon adsorption or overcoating. Thus the exci-tation of surface plasma resonances at metal-liquid interfaces offers the possibility of simultaneously studying both adsorption-desorption kinetics, via observation of the reflectivity, and interfacial geometries, via enhanced signal vibrational spectroscopy of the adsorbates themselves.
Quality assurance during data processing of food and nutrient intakes

The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) is responsible for methods of data collection and processing of dietary intake data, including the What We Eat in America Survey, which is the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Many measures have been implemented to ensure accuracy of the dietary data, such as a state-of-the-art data collection instrument and an extensive food and nutrient database. Also important, but usually receiving less public attention is the quality assurance taking place during data processing. A four-part quality assurance procedure is used for food intake data processed by FSRG. This includes (1) determination of overall acceptability of each 24-h recall, (2) resolution of new or unusual foods and amounts, (3) administration of data integrity checks, and (4) verification of 24-h recalls with extremely high nutrient intakes. Quality assurance not only contributes to the accuracy and validity of a specific set of dietary intake data, it also benefits future studies because findings help identify areas to target for interviewer training or for improvements in data collection and processing procedures.
Contact shift studies of some paramagnetic octahedral complexes: Diphenylsulfoxide complexes of iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II)

Abstract The proton NMR isotropic shifts of the octahedral diphenylsulfoxide (DPSO) complexes, M(DPSO) 6 (ClO 4 ) 2 , of Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), in CDCl 3 are reported. From a consideration of the magnitude and concentration dependence of these isotropic shifts, it is concluded that the pseudocontact contribution to the isotropic shifts is very important for Co(DPSO) 6 2+ but not for Ni(DPSO) 6 2+ and Fe(DPSO) 6 2+ . Also in the latter two complexes, the unpaired spin is probably delocalized within the ligand by a combination of both σ and π-mechanisms.
Selected Complications in the Patient With Cancer: Spinal Cord Compression, Malignant Bowel Obstruction, Malignant Ascites, and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

GGRESSIVE NEW treatment modalities and longer survival of patients with cancer have contributed to the recent trend of critically ill cancer patients. The growth rate and metastatic pattern of cancer, combined with the toxicity of therapy, significantly influence the acuteness and detectability of critical events in this patient population. Slow-growing or locally invasive tumors like prostate and renal cancer are less likely to produce unexpected complications than those that are metastatic at diagnosis such as ovarian or pancreatic cancer. However, slower-growing tumors may produce more subtle signs and symptoms easily mistaken for other processes. For example, a patient may experience persistent back pain or sciatica and may be slow to recognize the sensory changes indicative of early spinal cord compression (SCC). Nursing assessment techniques that are focused on the high-risk complications can reduce the morbidity of such disorders. Patterns of tumor growth and metastatic spread may also predict critical care complications in patients with cancer. There is significant opportunity for tumors to rapidly metastasize in the abdominopelvic cavity because of its rich supply of lymphatic and venous networks. The location of the primary tumor is an important consideration. For example, SCC occurs in 1% to 12% of patients with prostate cancer resulting from the gland's proximity to the sacral portion of the spinal cord. 1 The normal peristaltic movement within the abdomen serves to facilitate peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer ceils. This leads to a predictable pattern of malignant cell translocation and metastasis causing malignant ascites and pleural effusions. 2 Because disseminated disease is the most common cause of medical crises arising in patients with cancer, the metastatic patterns of each tumor type would be understood and patients should be monitored for evidence of life-threatening complications?
Future directions in early detection research. A response to Drs. Bloom and Richardson.

We are on the threshold of a new era in behavioral research. New discoveries in basic science, especially in genetics, mean that we know much more about how to prevent cancer and identify populations at risk for the disease. We have witnessed a shift from the use of the Health Belief Model as the dominant theoretical model to the use of Transtheoretical Model. The behavioral research agenda should include more collaborative trials, the use of common outcome measures, operationalization of the Transtheoretical Model, and interaction with geneticists to use the information about genetic causes of cancer. In addition, there should be more attention to the multiple health needs of people
Label Transfer Chemistry for the Characterization of Protein−Protein Interactions

A new label transfer method is presented that overcomes most of the limitations of current systems. A protein of interest is tagged with a tetracysteine sequence (FlAsH receptor peptide (FRP)) that binds tightly and specifically to a chimeric molecule 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-biotin-4‘,5‘-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein (DOPA-biotin-FlAsH). Upon brief periodate oxidation, the DOPA moiety is cross-linked to nearby surface-exposed nucleophiles. Boiling the products in excess dithiol dissolves the FlAsH-FRP interaction, resulting in transfer of the biotin tag to the partner proteins, allowing them to be identified by standard methods.
The PbSSi heterojunction I: Growth and structure of PbS films on silicon

Abstract PbS films on silicon substrates were prepared using the method of Davis and Knorr. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction techniques were used to characterize the film structure. Our results show a strongly fiber-oriented structure in the 〈100〉 direction. On repeating the deposition process the PbS films appeared to grow on top of the previous crystallites in a near-epitaxial fashion.
Preparation of the high temperature form of curium metal

Abstract The high temperature form of curium metal was prepared by reduction of curium oxide with thorium metal and volatilizing the curium at 1650°C. The high temperature form of curium metal is fcc with a lattice parameter of 5·039 ± 0·002 A which gives a metallic radius of 1·78 A and a metallic valence of + 3·0.
Cohen syndrome: two new cases in siblings.

Cohen syndrome is a rare genetic disorder consisting of truncal obesity, hypotonia, mental retardation, characteristic facial appearance and ocular anomalies. Other diagnostic clinical features include narrow hands and feet, low growth parameters, neutropenia and chorioretinal dystrophy. We describe the similarities in the clinical and developmental profile of two siblings with Cohen syndrome, providing evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance in this condition.
Association of monocyte tumor necrosis factor α expression and serum inflammatory biomarkers with walking impairment in peripheral artery disease.

Objective Inflammation contributes to the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and may contribute to intermittent claudication by adversely affecting vascular and skeletal muscle function. We explored the association of inflammation to maximal walking time (MWT) in patients with claudication. Methods Circulating inflammatory biomarkers, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM), were measured in 75 subjects with intermittent claudication as well as in 43 healthy subjects. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, interferon-γ, and CD36 from peripheral blood monocytes. Treadmill testing was performed in PAD subjects to assess MWT. Results Compared with healthy subjects, PAD subjects had higher levels of circulating TNF-α ( P P = .003), sICAM ( P P P = .024) and CD36 ( P = .018) was greater in PAD subjects than in healthy subjects. Among subjects with PAD, higher gene expression of TNF-α was associated inversely with MWT ( P = .01). MWT was also associated inversely with greater levels of circulating TNF-α ( P = .028), CRP ( P = .024), IL-6 ( P = .03), and sICAM ( P = .018). Conclusions Systemic inflammation, as indicated by TNF-α inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes and by circulating biomarker levels, is associated with impairment in walking time in patients with PAD and intermittent claudication.
“My Way Bent,” or, A Flaming Queen of Carthage Mambos Home

Challenges and pleasures abound in translating Uriel Quesada's El gato de si mismo (Costa Rica, 2005) so that the tricky fun of the original will infuse a new version appealing to a wide readership in English. This satirical novel enlists “camp” style, high and low burlesque, and a parody of wide-ranging genres and styles to entertain readers and skewer heteronormative hypocrisy. Quesada's narrator, thrown out of his family due to sexual orientation, imagines himself in successive personae to cope with the potentially overwhelming emotions of a difficult return home. Although some particulars of the Costa Rican setting stand out as foreign, aspects of the speaker's persistently flamboyant self-dramatization appear more readily legible to a US readership than to its original context. At the level of the sentence, however, my Englishing heightens campiness in lexicon, syntax, and imagery to convey not only the zany playfulness, but also the moral resilience, of speaker and book.
Reconceptualizing relaxation treatments: Psychobiological states in sports

Abstract This article reviews studies relating relaxation treatments to motor performance and attempts to explain these treatments from a psychological perspective. The inverted-U hypothesis is evaluated for this purpose and found deficient for several reasons. It is based on arousal which has serious construct validation problems and is essentially a physiological, rather than a psychological, construct. As such, arousal cannot distinguish among fear, anger, sexuality, and other psychobiological states. Predictive validity is consequently low in the area of motor performance, where it appears that debilitating anxiety can occur at the same arousal level as the state optimal/or performance, being “psyched up.” The inverted-U hypothesis is effectively refutable in current usage, and empirically supported in only a weak and psychologically trivial fashion. Relaxation treatments are reconceptualized as relatively nonspecific psychological therapies, potentially useful in alleviating dysphoric, debilitating psychobiological states. These treatments are particularly apt for athletics, where performance anxiety is a pervasive problem. Additionally, sports psychology seems an ideal proving ground for wider clinical application of these techniques.