cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RAB GTPases expressed in human melanoma cells.

Abstract The expression of small GTP-binding protein genes of the ras superfamily was examined in pigmented human melanoma cells by a PCR-based strategy. Twenty six different partial cDNA sequences were isolated, including 17 members of the rab subfamily, of which 9 represented novel genes. Some rabs expressed in melanoma cells overlapped with those of platelets; this should prove relevant to the investigation of murine and human disorders characterized by the combination of pigment dilution and a platelet storage pool defect.
Formation of Lateral Patterns In Rock Properties By Dolomitization: Evidence From A Miocene Reaction Front (Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles)

Abstract Petrophysical and geochemical properties of dolomites may exhibit a nested set of lateral patterns, typically at the scales of a few meters to ∼ 20 m. This study assesses whether those lateral patterns are inherited from the limestone precursor or formed during dolomitization. Sampling was done across a preserved limestone-to-dolomite reaction front in grainstones of the Miocene Seroe Domi Formation, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. Post-dolomitization diagenetic overprinting in the two rock types is absent or minimal. Two ∼ 65 m lateral transects were drilled at 30-cm spacing in two separate beds. Porosity, permeability, and geochemical (δ18O, δ13C, Mn, Sr, and Na) analyses were performed on all 287 recovered samples, and 287 thin sections were point-counted for petrographic attributes. Variography shows that dolomite abundance and porosity contain three scales of lateral variability. Much of the signal is random sample-to-sample noise as ∼ 65% of the total spatial variance occurs at 30-cm spacing. However, porosity and dolomite abundance also exhibit a short-scale correlation length of 3.7 m and a long-range oscillatory pattern (hole effect) at ∼ 16 m, both of which are also periodic. Trace elements (Mn, Sr) and permeability exhibit short-range correlation to 5.8 m, but no long-range pattern. Mole %Mg and δ13C show increasing variance with distance, and all other dolomite attributes exhibit no spatial patterns. No limestone attributes show evidence for any short-range or long-range oscillatory patterns. This indicates that the lateral patterns in dolomite abundance, porosity, permeability, Sr, and Mn contents were not inherited from the limestone precursor. Dolomitization is interpreted to be the cause of the observed spatial patterns as that is the only geologic process that has affected the dolomite but not the limestone on the other side of the front. Geochemical self-organization during the dolomitization process is suggested to be the mechanism by which the spatial patterns in the dolomites emerge. A model for that self-organizing process is proposed that involves positive feedbacks between precipitation, dissolution, textural properties, reaction rates, carbon transport, and the evolving flow field. Relative to Mississippian, Permian, and Eocene dolomites that have been studied previously, the Seroe Domi dolomites have similar porosity variance at 30 cm spacing and hole effects with slightly greater wavelengths and much larger magnitudes. Any differences are interpreted to be related to diagenetic history. The older dolomites have been affected by burial diagenesis and/or weathering, which would likely increase sample-to-sample variability, therefore increasing short-scale randomness, decreasing the magnitude of hole effects, and shortening wavelengths of hole effects. The lateral patterning formed by dolomitization may thus not be as strongly expressed in ancient dolomites that have complex burial histories.
More About Muscular Dystrophy

To the Editor: We are writing in reference to the article entitled “The Value of Orthoses for Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy” by Ziter and Allsop, that appeared in the November 1979 issue of Physical Therapy. This article raised some interesting questions concerning factors that may affect the results of bracing for ambulation in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. The authors indicate that previous investigators, reporting on bracing patients having Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, have failed to define either their method of patient selection for bracing or the criteria used to interpret the results of the procedure. Our criteria for bracing the child with this type dystrophy have been published in two articles, “Bracing for Ambulation in Childhood Progressive Muscular Dystrophy,” J Bone & Joint Surgery 44:234, 1962, and “Management of Progressive Muscular Dystrophy of Childhood,” JAMA 184:94, 1963.… Related PubMed Citation: [493350][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493350
SIG/SI Workshop: 11th Annual SIG‐SI Research Symposium a Success!

EDITOR'S SUMMARY At the 2015 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, Special Interest Group/Social Informatics (SIG/SI) celebrated its 11th research symposium and the more than 100 panels, papers and posters presented over the years. The theme, “The Impacts of Social Informatics Research,” was evident in studies illustrating social informatics in a variety of contexts. Speakers explored the use of communications technology in marginalized communities and language use in informal chat about illegal behavior in online communities. Presenters also examined human rights in Indonesia, taking a value-oriented approach in social informatics research, efforts to create a safer internet and ways big data marginalize individuals through algorithms used in quantitative analyses. A panel considered where social informatics fits in the IT curriculum of iSchools. An examination of social connectedness through digital channels and devices won the Best Paper Award.
Male infertility: lifestyle factors and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies

While we may be comfortable with an allopathic approach to male infertility, we are also responsible for knowledge about lifestyle modifications and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies that are used by many of our patients. This paper provides an evidence-based review separating fact from fiction for several of these therapies. There is sufficient literature to support weight reduction by diet and exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation. Supplements that have demonstrated positive effects on male fertility on small randomized controlled trial (RCT) include aescin, coenzyme Q 10 , glutathione, Korean red ginseng, L-carnitine, nigella sativa, omega-3, selenium, a combination of zinc and folate, and the Menevit antioxidant. There is no support for the use of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or saffron. The data for Chinese herbal medications, acupuncture, mind-body practice, scrotal cooling, and faith-based healing are sparse or inconclusive.
Main roof first collapse law and measure of controlling roof in seam with approximate shallow depth

Based on the exploitation of 2301 coal face,the first weighting step of main roof is analyzed and calculated by utilizing two mechanics model of "beam" and "board".Combining actual collapsed step of main roof,the mechanics model that is fit to the geological condition of approximate shallow coal seam has been confirmed.Moreover,in condition of the different boundary the first weighting step of main roof is calculated.In order to solve the problem that the first weighting step of main roof is oversize,according to characteristic of the first weighting step of main roof when scope is in condition of the diffetent boundary,the paper has proposed method of the deep-hole presplitting explosion and the sector coal pillar width reduction to make the stope in "clamped both sides and simply supported both sides" stress condition.Thus,the first weighting step of main roof may be reduced,and the roof safety of coal face is guaranteed during coal mining and roof breaking down for the first time.
Composition of Intermediate Filament Subunit Proteins in Embryonic, Neonatal and Postnatal Porcine Skeletal Muscle

The intermediate (10-nm) filament subunit proteins (desmin and vimentin) in samples obtained from embryonic, neonatal, and postnatal porcine skeletal muscle were examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The skeletal muscle samples were taken from pig embryos at 45, 73 and 102 d of gestation; from neonatal pigs and from postnatal pigs at 1, 6 and 30 mo of age. Three fractions (namely, whole homogenized muscle, purified myofibrils and myofibrillar-protein-extracted residues) were prepared from each skeletal muscle sample for analysis. Vimentin was the major (approximately 75% vimentin: 25% desmin) 10-nm filament protein present in skeletal muscle samples obtained from the 45-d-old pig embryos. The relative proportion of vimentin decreased progressively during embryogenesis. At birth, the vimentin comprised approximately 15%, and desmin, 85%, of the 10-nm filament protein. The proportional amount of vimentin continued to decline postnatally, with the 10-nm filament protein of samples from the 30-mo-old animals consisting of less than approximately 5% vimentin and over 95% desmin. These results show a developmental stage-dependent pattern in the expression of vimentin and desmin intermediate filament subunit proteins in mammalian skeletal muscle. In the adult mammal, desmin is the significant 10-nm filament protein present.
Ethical Issues for Clinical Research Managers

Clinical research managers, legal, institutional, financial, and ethical responsibilities, such as ensuring the quality and integrity of the research process, protecting human subjects, complying with regulations, and using resources effectively. To fulfill these responsibilities, clinical research managers must exhibit leadership and moral integrity. In this article, we examine the ethics of clinical research managers. We explicate ethical concepts and principles that apply to managing clinical research, identify the ethical duties of managers, explore ethical issues that arise in clinical research management at the trenches, describe a process for making ethical decisions, and analyze a hypothetical case scenario.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of transobturator and single-incision slings for stress urinary incontinence.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of anti-incontinence surgeries employing the transobturator sling and single-incision sling (SIS). Our hypothesis is that the outcome of the SIS is not inferior to the obturator sling. This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent anti-incontinence surgery with the transobturator sling or SIS from July 2005 to November 2014. Patients who underwent concomitant pelvic organ reconstruction with an artificial mesh were excluded. Assessments included preoperative and postoperative urodynamic examinations, perioperative complications, and postoperative urogenital symptoms. A total of 122 women were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 68 patients underwent transobturator sling procedures while 54 patients underwent SIS procedures. The subjective failure rate of the transobturator sling and SIS were 10.2% and 18.5%, respectively (p = 0.292). The objective failure rate, defined as a pad test showing more than 2 g of urine, was 10.2% for the transobturator sling and 12.9% for the SIS (p = 0.777). SIS resulted in less blood loss, operative time, length of hospital stay, and transient voiding dysfunction after the operation. No major complication occurred after either surgical intervention. In conclusion, SIS and transobturator slings might have similar efficacy, safety, and effects on new-onset urogenital symptoms.
Mo 92 ( p , p ′ γ ) Reaction via Isobaric Analog Resonances

Low-lying states in $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}$ were excited by inelastic proton scattering via several isobaric analog resonances in $^{93}\mathrm{Tc}$. Angular distributions of the subsequent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were measured between 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and analyzed in the framework of Weidenm\"uller's theory in order to extract information on the partial waves of the outgoing protons. The partial widths obtained are compared with the results of coupled-channel calculations applied to the bound $^{93}\mathrm{Mo}$ parent system.
Targeting Signal Transduction Pathways in Hematopoietic Disorders

Hematopoiesis is the process during which pluripotent stem cells give rise to lineage committed progenitors that differentiate into mature erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid cells. This is a finely regulated process that is required for optimal maintenance of peripheral blood counts. Alterations in hematopoiesis can lead to a variety of bone marrow failure syndromes and hematological malignancies. Treatment of these diseases requires a detailed study of pathogenic mechanisms that lead to hematopoietic failure.
Arabidopsis phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C 4 negatively regulates seedling salt tolerance

Previous physiological and pharmacological studies have suggested that the activity of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) plays an important role in regulating plant salt stress responses by altering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. However, the individual members of plant PLCs involved in this process need to be identified. Here, the function of AtPLC4 in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis seedlings was analysed. plc4 mutant seedlings showed hyposensitivity to salt stress compared with Col-0 wild-type seedlings, and the salt hyposensitive phenotype could be complemented by the expression of native promoter-controlled AtPLC4. Transgenic seedlings with AtPLC4 overexpression (AtPLC4 OE) exhibited a salt-hypersensitive phenotype, while transgenic seedlings with its inactive mutant expression (AtPLC4m OE) did not exhibit this phenotype. Using aequorin as a Ca2+ indicator in plc4 mutant and AtPLC4 OE seedlings, AtPLC4 was shown to positively regulate the salt-induced Ca2+ increase. The salt-hypersensitive phenotype of AtPLC4 OE seedlings was partially rescued by EGTA. An analysis of salt-responsive genes revealed that the transcription of RD29B, MYB15 and ZAT10 was inversely regulated in plc4 mutant and AtPLC4 OE seedlings. Our findings suggest that AtPLC4 negatively regulates the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis seedlings, and Ca2+ may be involved in regulating this process.
Bismuth contents of chondrites

Bismuth concentrations in various carbonaceous and equilibrated chondrites determination by neutron activation technique
Attitudes Towards Prenatal Genetic Counseling, Prenatal Genetic Testing, and Termination of Pregnancy among Southeast and East Asian Women in the United States

Recognizing the heterogeneity of the Asian population with regards to acculturation, education, health awareness, and cultural values is vital for tailoring culturally sensitive and appropriate care. Prior studies show that cultural values influence perceptions of genetics within Asian populations. The reputation of the family unit factors into decisions such as pregnancy termination and disclosure of family medical history, and the nondirective model of American genetic counseling may conflict with the historical Asian model of paternalistic health care. Previous studies also provide conflicting evidence regarding correlations between education, acculturation, age, and awareness and perceptions of genetic testing. The aims of this study were to describe attitudes towards prenatal genetics among Southeast and East Asian women living in the United States for varying amounts of time and to explore sociocultural factors influencing those attitudes. Twenty-three Asian women who were members of Asian cultural organizations in the United States were interviewed via telephone about their attitudes towards prenatal genetic counseling, prenatal genetic testing, and termination of pregnancy. Responses were transcribed and coded for common themes using a thematic analysis approach. Four major themes emerged. In general, participants: (1) had diverse expectations for genetic counselors; (2) tended to weigh risks and benefits with regards to genetic testing decisions; (3) had mixed views on termination for lethal and non-lethal genetic conditions; and (4) identified cultural factors which influenced testing and termination such as lack of available resources, societal shame and stigma, and family pressure. These findings may allow prenatal genetic counselors to gain a richer, more nuanced understanding of their Asian patients and to offer culturally tailored prenatal genetic counseling.
Nonoperative Management or ‘Watch and Wait’ for Rectal Cancer with Complete Clinical Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Critical Appraisal

Background There is increasing interest in nonoperative management (NOM) for rectal cancer with complete clinical response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT).
CHAPTER 5 – Effects of Renal Disease on Pharmacokinetics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses effects of renal disease on pharmacokinetics (PK). Illness, aging, sex, and other patient factors may have important effects on the pharmacodynamic (PD) aspects of patient response to drugs. Renal impairment has been estimated to account for one-third of the prescribing errors resulting from inattention to patient pathophysiology. The additive property of elimination-rate constants representing parallel elimination pathways provides a way of constructing nomograms to estimate the dose reductions that are appropriate for patients with impaired renal function. When dose adjustments are needed for patients with impaired renal function, they can be made by reducing the drug dose or lengthening the dosing interval. The daily drug dose can be reduced in proportion to the quotient of the expected clearance divided by the normal clearance. This will maintain the average drug concentration at the usual level, regardless of whether the drug is administered by intermittent doses or continuous infusion. Net drug elimination may also be affected by drug reabsorption in the distal nephron, primarily by nonionic passive diffusion. The analysis and interpretation of renal excretion data are presented in the chapter.
Comparative Study of Station Blackout Counterpart Tests in APEX and ROSA/AP600

A comparison is presented between station blackout tests conducted in both the Advanced Plant Experiment (APEX) facility and in the modified Rig of Safety Assessment (ROSA/AP600) Large-Scale Test Facility. The comparison includes the depressurization and liquid-level behavior during secondary-side blowdown, natural circulation, automatic depressurization system operation, and in-containment refueling water storage tank injection. Reasonable agreement between the test results from APEX NRC-2 and ROSA/AP600 AP-BO-01 has been observed with respect to the timing of depressurization and liquid draining rates. This indicates that the reduced height and pressure scaling of APEX preserves the sequence of events relative to the full-height and pressure ROSA/AP600.
Did I Miss It? Discovering Hidden Coexisting Hematological Neoplasms: A Single Institutional Review of 100 Collision Tumors

A collision tumor is defined as two histologically distinct tumor types identified at the same anatomic site. Hematolymphoid proliferative disorders (HLPDs), which coincide with non-hematological neoplasms, can mimic an immune response and can easily be overlooked as an immune reaction to a solid organ neoplasm, especially when low grade. In order to avoid a delay in the diagnosis of a HLPD during the workup for a non-hematological neoplasm, we identified a cohort of 100 cases with a HLPD diagnosis during the initial workup and treatment of a non-hematological neoplasm, or vice versa. Among the 100 collision tumors, the most common non-hematological neoplasms associated with a HLPD were from the colon (17%), breast (15%), and prostate (12%). The most commonly identified HLPDs were chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; 18%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (17%), follicular lymphoma (14%), marginal zone lymphoma (10%), acute myeloid leukemia (8%), and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (5%). Interestingly, in this cohort 5% of the low-grade HLPDs, all of them CLL/SLL, were missed at initial sign-out and subsequently required an addendum report. The other 95% of cases were reviewed or signed out by a hematopathologist before the report was finalized for the non-hematological neoplasm. In summary, high-grade hematological malignancies are less likely to be missed; however, low-grade coexisting HLPDs can be overlooked as a reactive immune response to a solid organ neoplasm. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind the existence of collision low-grade HLPDs before assuming the lymphoid infiltrates as an immunological response.
Knowledge-Sharing and Potential Virtual Communities of Practice in the U.S. Coast Guard’s Afloat Community: a Qualitative Pilot Study

Virtual communities of Practice (VCoP) offer a flexible option for professional development that may be employed by geographically dispersed communities. Due to unique and dynamic operational demands and a reduced training budget, the United States Coast Guard’s (USCG) afloat community has limited opportunity for formal professional development, but alternative learning options have yet to be formally researched. This qualitative pilot study employed purposeful sampling to conduct 6 one-on-one interviews of afloat members with varying degrees of afloat experience and total time in service. The interviews were used to elucidate the knowledge-sharing culture of the afloat community, including the degree to which afloat members are willing to exchange knowledge and how trust, reciprocity, and disposition towards online learning influence this exchange. Interviews were digitally recorded and manually transcribed. Emergent themes included willingness and desire to share knowledge, concerns regarding service reputation, provisions for anonymity, and altruistic information exchange.
Wearable cardioverter defibrillators for patients with long QT syndrome.

Abstract Background Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal cardiac channelopathy, but with the appropriate treatment strategy, such as beta-blockers, left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD), and/or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), most LQTS-triggered tragedies can be avoided. Since 2001, wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD:LifeVest™) have been available clinically. Objective Herein, we evaluated the use and outcome of WCDs in patients with LQTS. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 1027 patients with LQTS to identify patients who received a WCD, and collected pertinent clinical information regarding their LQTS diagnosis as well as indication and experience regarding use of the WCD. Results Overall, 10 LQTS patients (1%, 8 females, age at diagnosis 29 ± 18 years, mean QTc 488 ± 34 ms) were prescribed a WCD. Most common indication for WCD was as bridge to treatment during (temporary) situation of assessed high risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA; n = 6). The mean time of WCD use was 24 days (range 0 to 114 days). One patient (female, age 42, LQT2) received an appropriate VF-terminating shock 2 days after receiving her WCD. No inappropriate treatments or adverse events from wearing the WCD have occurred. Conclusions A WCD can be considered in patients with LQTS deemed to be at high risk for SCA while up-titrating beta blockers, considering ICD therapy, or when navigating short term periods of increased SCA-risk, like the post-partum period in LQT2 women, ICD revision or temporary inactivation, or during short term administration of known QT prolonging medications.
Collagen Fiber Orientation Regulates 3D Vascular Network Formation and Alignment

Alignment of collagen type I fibers is a hallmark of both physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. However, the effects of collagen fiber orientation on endothelial cell behavior and vascular network formation are poorly understood because of a lack of model systems that allow studying these potential functional connections. By casting collagen type I into prestrained (0, 10, 25, 50% strain), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microwells and releasing the mold strain following polymerization, we have created collagen gels with varying fiber alignment as confirmed by structural analysis. Endothelial cells embedded within the different gels responded to increased collagen fiber orientation by assembling into 3D vascular networks that consisted of thicker, more aligned branches and featured elevated collagen IV deposition and lumen formation relative to control conditions. These substrate-dependent changes in microvascular network formation were associated with altered cell division and migration p...
General Theory of Undecidability

In previous chapters we have introduced several concepts related to the notion of undecidable theories (complete theories, 11.9; theories, 11.29; decidable and undecidable theories, 13.1; syntactical and weak syntactical definability, 14.1; recursive axiomatizability, 14.4; spectral representability, 14.22). Our purpose in this chapter is to establish various relationships known to exist between these notions and related ones. These general theorems will be applied in the next chapter, in which numerous examples of undecidable theories are given. We proceed in this chapter from the simpler concepts to the more complicated ones.
Association of the Anterolateral Thigh Osteomyocutaneous Flap With Femur Structural Integrity and Assessment of Prophylactic Fixation.

Importance The chimeric anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous (ALTO) free flap is a recently described microvascular option for head and neck osseous defects associated with complex soft-tissue requirements. To date, the association of ALTO flap harvest with femur structural integrity and the need for routine prophylactic fixation following harvest has been incompletely described. Objective To investigate the association of ALTO flap harvest, with and without prophylactic fixation, on femur structural integrity as measured by 4-point bend and torsional biomechanical testing. Design and Setting At a research laboratory, 24 synthetic fourth-generation composite femurs with validated biomechanical properties underwent 10-cm-long, 30% circumferential osteotomies at the proximal middle third of the femur; 6 femurs served as controls. Osteotomized femurs with and without fixation underwent torsional and 4-point bend biomechanical testing. Femur fixation consisted of intramedullary nail and distal interlock screw placement. Main Outcomes and Measures Force and torque to fracture (expressed in kilonewtons [kN] and Newton meters [N∙m], respectively) were compared between controls, osteotomized femurs without fixation, and osteotomized femurs with fixation. Additional outcome measures included femur stiffness and fracture patterns. Results On posterior to anterior (PA) 4-point bend testing, force to fracture of osteotomized femurs was 22% of controls (mean difference, 8.3 kN; 95% CI, 6.6-10.0 kN). On torsional testing the torque to fracture of osteotomized femurs was 12% of controls (mean difference, 351.1 N∙m; 95% CI, 307.1-395.1 N∙m). Following fixation there was a 67% improvement in PA force to fracture and a 37% improvement in torque to fracture. However, osteotomized femurs with fixation continued to have a reduced PA force to fracture at 37% of controls (mean difference, 6.8 kN; 95% CI, 4.5-9.2 kN) and torque to fracture at 16% of controls (mean difference, 333.7 N∙m; 95% CI, 306.8-360.6 N∙m). On torsional testing, all osteotomized femurs developed similar spiral fractures through a corner of the distal osteotomy site. This fracture pattern changed after prophylactic fixation with femurs developing nondisplaced fractures through the proximal osteotomy site. There were no underlying hardware failures during testing of osteotomized femurs with fixation. Conclusions and Relevance Anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous flap harvest results in significant changes in the structural integrity of the femur. Postoperative stabilization should be strongly considered, with future research directed at investigating the clinical significance of residual biomechanical changes following femur fixation.
The Effects of Primary Care-Based Parenting Interventions on Parenting and Child Behavioral Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Behavioral parenting interventions can enhance positive parenting practice, which is crucial in preventing maltreatment and promoting child well-being. Primary care has been increasingly recognized as an underutilized platform to widely disseminate evidence-based parenting interventions, given parents' ongoing access to primary care without stigma and the perceptions toward health-care providers as a trustworthy source of information about positive parenting. This study sought to explore the effects of primary care-based parenting interventions on parenting practice and child behavioral outcomes while examining the types of and the theories of change underlying these interventions. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies of interventions targeting caregivers of children aged between 1 and 17 were included in the review. Information sources included electronic databases, relevant government and private organizational websites, and expert consultations. The final sample included 17 studies focusing on 10 interventions. Positive results were found in knowledge gain, locus of control, monitoring, parent-child interactions, and negative discipline. Child behavior outcomes were inconsistent as most studies reported nonsignificant changes while one study reported significant intervention effects on various externalizing behaviors. A limited number of studies described the process of adapting, installing, and implementing the interventions in primary care. Future studies should examine the types, dosages, and delivery formats that are most suitable and sustainable in the context of primary care to maximize its utility in promoting child well-being while preventing maltreatment through integrated behavioral parenting interventions.
Do medical conditions predispose to the development of chronic back pain? A longitudinal co-twin control study of middle-aged males with 11-year follow-up

Poor general health predicts the transition to chronic back pain (CBP), but the role of specific medical conditions in the development of CBP is unclear. The study aim was to examine the association of medical conditions with the development of CBP (“incident CBP”), while controlling for familial factors, including genetics. This was a longitudinal co-twin control study conducted in a nationwide United States sample from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. The study sample included 3045 males without back problems at baseline, including 662 complete twin pairs, who were followed for 11 years. Baseline surveys inquired about self-reported medical conditions (arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease [CAD]). A medical comorbidity score was calculated based on the presence and/or treatment of 8 medical conditions. Covariates included age, race, and education. At 11-year follow-up, participants reported ever having had CBP. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated when considering twins as individuals, and in matched-pair co-twin control analyses adjusting for familial/genetic factors. Mean age at baseline was 51 years and 17% of participants developed CBP over the 11-year follow-up. Arthritis was significantly associated with incident CBP in individual-level analysis (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.4–2.2]), but not within-pair analysis (OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.4–1.9]. CAD (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.0–2.3]), hypertension (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.0–1.5]), and the medical comorbidity score (OR 1.2 [95%CI 1.1–2.2]) were significantly associated with incident CBP in individual-level analyses; associations in within-pair analyses were of comparable magnitude, but not statistically significant. Diabetes was not associated with incident CBP. Arthritis, hypertension, CAD, and medical comorbidity score were associated with incident CBP in the current study. However, the association between arthritis and incident CBP was confounded by familial factors. This suggests that prevention or treatment of arthritis is unlikely to be useful for CBP prevention. Our findings cannot exclude the possibility of causal associations between CAD, hypertension, and medical comorbidities and incident CBP.
One hertz versus ten hertz repetitive TMS treatment of PTSD: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract The purpose of this trial was to test whether right prefrontal cortex 1 Hz versus 10 Hz rTMS provides a significantly greater improvement in PTSD symptoms and/or function. Veterans 18 to 50 years of age suffering from PTSD were randomized to right prefrontal 1 Hz rTMS [2400 pulses/session] versus right prefrontal 10 Hz rTMS [2400 pulses/session]. The treatments were performed 5 days a week for 6 weeks with a 3-week taper using the NeuroStar system. There were one month and three months post treatment follow-up evaluations. Forty-four participants were enrolled with 17 being randomized to 1 Hz rTMS and 18 to 10 Hz rTMS. Both groups had significant improvement in PTSD and depression scores from baseline to the end of acute treatment. The 10 Hz group but not the 1 Hz group demonstrated significant improvement in function. Although both groups demonstrated significant improvement in PTSD and depression symptoms, a significant advantage for either the 1 Hz or 10 Hz frequency group on any of the scales acquired was not demonstrated. Further work is required with larger samples sizes to test whether low or high frequency is superior or if individual differences would indicate the more effective frequency.
Rethinking the role of epinephrine in cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 trial

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the most commonly used medication in cardiac arrest, and is the only drug recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) for all arrests regardless of cardiac rhythm (1). The use of epinephrine in cardiac arrest originated from studies in the 1960’s, when epinephrine was found to improve survival in dog models of asphyxia (2). Physiologically, epinephrine produces some effects that may be helpful and others that may be harmful. It is an agonist at both beta- and alpha-adrenergic receptors. The alpha effects cause peripheral vasoconstriction, which in turn leads to increased blood flow in the central circulation, improving perfusion of the heart and brain. These effects are potentially beneficial, and have been hypothesized to increase the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) among cardiac arrest patients. The beta-adrenergic effects increase cardiac rate, contractility, and automaticity; these effects are potentially deleterious, leading to arrhythmias and increased myocardial oxygen demand.
Aligning social support to youth’s developmental needs: The role of nonparental youth–adult relationships in early and late adolescence

Through the provision of different types of social support, significant nonparental youth–adult relationships can facilitate youth’s positive development across adolescence. However, despite the po...
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum.

The prognosis for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is poor with and without conventional surgical treatment. Because of this reason, a comprehensive program of medical, transcatheter, and surgical treatment is necessary to improve the long-term outlook of these infants. Algorithms of management plans should be developed based on the presence of right ventricular-dependent coronary circulation as well as size and morphology of the right ventricle.
UAV-enabled Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks

A critical aspect of wireless sensor networks is network lifetime. Power-constrained wireless sensor networks are usable as long as they can communicate sensed data to the base station. Multi-hop data gathering consumes increased energy, especially for data-intensive applications. In this paper we propose a UAV-enabled data gathering mechanism for wireless sensor networks which prolongs network lifetime compared to a traditional data gathering mechanism. Some of the aspects that we address are UAV path planning, scheduled and opportunistic data gathering, and integration of the data gathering with a node scheduling mechanism. Simulations using ns3 show that our algorithm is more efficient in terms of energy consumed and packet delivery ratio compared to traditional data gathering.
Measurement of Vortex Interactions in Light

We experimentally and theoretically study dynamics of a pair of point vortices in a large Gaussian laser beam. We observe annihilation of opposite charge optical vortices and characterize the effect of changing vortex core size.
Validation and Clinical Correlates of the Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress Task (BIRD) in a University- and Community-Based Sample of Youth with Emotional Disorders

Distress tolerance (DT) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. The Behavioral Indicator of Resiliency to Distress (BIRD) task assesses DT by measuring task persistence in the face of distress. BIRD task performance has been associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in nonclinical youth, but these relationships have not been explored in clinical youth. Validating this task in a clinical sample would clarify its utility as a more objective indicator of DT. We aimed to investigate the correlates and predictors of BIRD task performance in a clinical sample of 348 youth assessed at pretreatment in community mental health clinics (CMHC; n = 209; ages 12–18; 66.8% female) or at a university-based research clinic (RC; n = 139; ages 10–18; 49.6% female). We aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of the BIRD task by examining the associations between quitting the task and pre-task subjective units of distress (SUDs) and youth- and parent-reported anxiety, depressive, and externalizing symptoms, as well as youth-reported DT. Youth who reported greater subjective units of distress (SUDS) prior to the task reported greater anxiety and depressive symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and poorer DT. Those who quit the task early reported greater parent-reported school and separation anxiety. Surprisingly, fewer participants quit the task in this study compared with previous studies. The current results provide evidence that the BIRD may not be measuring the same construct as self-reported DT. Whereas a self-report measure captures one’s perceived ability to handle negative emotions, the BIRD captures one’s actual ability to persist in the face of frustration. These results suggest that youth’s perception of their ability to handle negative emotions may be distinct from their actual persistence when faced with distress. Assessing both perceived and actual DT may have clinical utility for youth with internalizing symptoms.
DUSP4 appears to be a highly localized endogenous inhibitor of epileptic signaling in human neocortex

Abstract Background We previously identified the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway as focally upregulated in brain regions with high epileptic activity and showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling reduces epileptic spiking in an animal model. Here we examined how activators and inhibitors of the MAPK pathway are expressed in human epileptic cortex and how these could contribute to the localization of epileptic signaling. Methods We localized gene and protein expression in human epileptic neocortical tissues based on epileptic activities from 20 patients based on long-term intracranial recordings. Follow-up mechanistic studies by depolarization of human Sh-SY5Y cell line were used to model epileptic activity in the human brain. Results A clustering algorithm of differentially expressed genes identified a unique gene expression cluster distinct from other MAPK genes. Within this cluster was dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), a potent MAPK inhibitor. In situ hybridization studies revealed focal patches of DUSP4 mRNA in layer 2/3 brain regions associated with a dramatic reduction in MAPK signaling genes. In vitro depolarization led to the rapid and transient induction of DUSP4 protein, which, in turn, reduced MAPK activity. Activity-dependent induction of DUSP4 protein was transient and required MAPK signaling. Human epileptic brain regions with lower epileptic activity had lower MAPK activity and higher DUSP4 protein levels. Discussion DUSP4 is a highly localized, endogenous feedback inhibitor of pro-epileptogenic MAPK signaling in the human epileptic brain. Increasing DUSP4 expression could therefore be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the development and spread of epileptic circuits. Significance statement Epilepsy is a chronic debilitating disease. Once it develops, epileptic circuits often persist throughout life. Fortunately, in focal forms of epilepsy, these circuits can remain highly localized and are amenable to surgical resections, suggesting that endogenous mechanisms restrict their spread to other brain regions. Using a high-throughput genomic analysis of human epileptic brain regions, we identified DUSP4 as an activity-dependent inhibitor of MAPK signaling expressed in focal patches surrounding human neocortical epileptic brain regions. Our results suggest that DUSP4, through local inhibition of MAPK signaling, acts as an endogenous, spatially segregated safety mechanism to prevent the spread of epileptic activity. Augmenting DUSP4 expression could be a novel disease-modifying approach to prevent or treat human epilepsy.
Parents' Part C Experiences in Rural Areas: Alignment With Recommended Practices.

The Division for Early Childhood (DEC) clearly outlined recommended practices for the provision of Part C services. However, there may be challenges in rural areas associated with services aligning...
Holography and Holographic Interferometry via Photopolymer Film

A new method of performing holography and holographic interferometry is proposed, whereby the film does not have to be developed in the manner that traditional film needs to be developed. This is done by implementing a photopolymer film, a film that develops via a reaction diffusion-driven photo-polymerization process. The utilization of photopolymer film rapidly simplifies the process of performing holography and holographic interferometry as it removes the wet development process that was previously required in holography.
Obesity, lean body mass, and Sugammadex dosing

Recently, Merck issued a recommendation for sugammadex dosing for reversal of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blockade. Appropriately, the guideline assumes assessment of residual block using some form of nerve stimulator to assess any residual block. Less appropriate is the recommendation that dosing is based simply on the weight of the patient. With obesity an increasing global health issue, the question of drug dosing by weight is an increasing conundrum. Drug dosing is always an approximation. For the typically fast acting drugs that anesthesiologists employ, the key is to rapidly load the plasma and interstitial fluid volumes, so that drug bind in equilibrium with the plasma/interstitial volume concentration. The paper by Bougouma and Demeere1 attempts to achieve a rational approach to drug doing in the obese patients, specifically for sugammadex reversal of rocuronium.
Chapter 1 Cell Separations by Counterflow Centrifugation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the general theory of the dynamics of counterflow centrifugation, and establishes a rational approach to the design of a separation chamber. Counterflow centrifugation has been available as a technique for cell separation. It depends on the ability to balance the outwardly directed centrifugal force acting on a cell with inwardly directed fluid dynamic and buoyancy forces. The fluid dynamic forces are virtually independent of the composition of the medium used for media that are compatible with cell integrity. The chapter highlights the theory of the mechanics of counterflow centrifugation and provides a derivation of a suitable chamber shape. The results of a number of separations using a chamber built according to this design are discussed. These include the fractionation of human erythrocytes according to age, the separation of the various types of leukocytes in peripheral blood and the spleen, and the isolation of narrow-range uniform cells from tissue culture.
Chemistry of Translation

This chapter discusses the cellular machinery of protein synthesis. It is seen that there are three classes of RNA involved in translation: messenger RNA (mRNA), which serves as the template for translation; transfer RNA (tRNA), which transports amino acids to the template; and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which together with ribosomal protein serves as the site where tRNA, mRNA, and various enzymes meet to carry out the process of translation. This chapter discusses the three stages in protein synthesis and the relationship between the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA and the amino acid sequence in the related polypeptide chain. This chapter elaborates on the chemistry of the translation process and some aspects of the genetic code. The steps in translation are: amino acids are activated before becoming linked to tRNA; polypeptide synthesis is initiated on the ribosome; elongation reactions involve peptide bond formation and translocation; and termination of translation requires special termination codons. The rules for base pairing between tRNA and mRNA are that the code is highly degenerate and that wobble introduces ambiguity into codon–anticodon interactions. Elongation involves all the reactions related to peptide synthesis, from the first peptide linkage to the last. A new group of dissociable protein factors, called elongation factors, joins the ribosome complex during the time of elongation. The genetic code is highly degenerate, with most amino acids represented by more than one codon. The codon–anticodon interaction is limited to Watson–Crick pairing for the first two bases in the codon, but is considerably more flexible in the third position.
Love, Friendship, and Utility: On Practical Reason and Reductionism

Love and friendship relations are complex and play a multitude of roles in our lives. If the poets are to be believed (and here I think they are), love and friendship bring heavy burdens, even reducing us to unreason or to unprincipled behavior. But even if there is a sense in which “love knows no reasons,” it plays an important role in providing us with reasons, and it is crucial in determining for us much of the behavior we owe to others, and the ways in which we can wrong them. Similarly, the details of the life of “the good person” are as much to be determined in real life by the requirements of friendship as by the promises we make. A moral theory that can explain how we are obligated by promises, but cannot explain the moral relations engendered in love and friendship is deficient in a fundamental way. And an account of human motivation and reason that ignores or distorts the roles of love and friendship in behavior cannot be wholly correct.
Mixed Methods Research: Merging Theory with Practice

1. Introduction to Mixed Methods Research. 2. Formulating Questions, Conducting a Literature Review, Sampling Design, and the Centrality of Ethics in Mixed Methods Research. 3. A Qualitative Approach to Mixed Methods Design, Analysis, Interpretation, Writing Up, and Validity. 4. Interpretative Approaches to Mixed Methods Research. 5. Feminist Approaches to Mixed Methods Research. 6. C. Kelly, Postmodernist Approaches to Mixed Methods Research. 7. Putting It Together: Qualitative Approaches to Mixed Methods Research Praxis. 8. Conclusion: The Prospects and Challenges of Mixed Methods Praxis.