cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paleomagnetic and petrologic study of the age, origin, and significance of early and late Paleozoic events in the Long Mountain Granite, Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma

The Cambrian Long Mountain Granite, exposed in the western Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma, is red, granophyric, alkali feldspar granite. The red granite abruptly transitions into a green granite in the subsurface; both red and green granites have similar geochemical signatures. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis shows that the green granite retains a primary magnetic fabric that is consistent with the sill-like emplacement of the Wichita Granite Group. Demagnetization of green granite specimens yields a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) residing in magnetite with east declinations and moderate down inclinations. The paleopole (9.0°N, 314.6°E) is interpreted as a primary Cambrian thermal remanent magnetization or an early magnetization related to deuteric/hydrothermal alteration. The paleopole position is consistent with some other poles for Cambrian igneous rocks in southern Oklahoma but is to the southwest of the Cambrian part of the apparent polar wander path. The red granite contains abundant secondary hematite that occurs in fractures, as grain boundary coatings, and along cleavage and exsolution planes in alkali feldspars. The iron in the hematite appears to be sourced from the oxidation of primary magnetite and ilmenite and the breakdown of silicate ferromagnesian minerals. The red granite has about two orders of magnitude lower magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent intensity than the green granite. The magnetic fabric is interpreted as an alteration fabric. The ChRM of red granite has southeast declinations and shallow inclinations and is interpreted as a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) residing in hematite. The paleopole (44.9°S, 304.9°E) falls near the 290–300 Ma segment of the North American apparent polar wander path, which is consistent with inferred timing of exposure of the Long Mountain Granite. The CRM is interpreted to have been acquired during alteration by low-temperature weathering fluids near the surface during the late Paleozoic. The results from the red granite are not consistent with alteration caused by widespread paleoclimatic conditions in the Late Permian, and they are interpreted as related to local tectonic and/or weathering events.
Social Media Text Classification under Negative Covariate Shift

In a typical social media content analysis task, the user is interested in analyzing posts of a particular topic. Identifying such posts is often formulated as a classification problem. However, this problem is challenging. One key issue is covariate shift. That is, the training data is not fully representative of the test data. We observed that the covariate shift mainly occurs in the negative data because topics discussed in social media are highly diverse and numerous, but the user-labeled negative training data may cover only a small number of topics. This paper proposes a novel technique to solve the problem. The key novelty of the technique is the transformation of document representation from the traditional ngram feature space to a center-based similarity (CBS) space. In the CBS space, the covariate shift problem is significantly mitigated, which enables us to build much better classifiers. Experiment results show that the proposed approach markedly improves classification.
Enron Retirement Plan Litigation May Have Far-Reaching Significance for Plan Fiduciaries

The story of Enron and its executives, accountants, lawyers and bankers has been well and often told. During the 1990s, the company's stock price rapidly climbed as the business expanded. When significant losses were incurred and Enron restated financial results in 2001, the value of that same stock dropped even more dramatically than it rose. In the process, Enron revealed it had concealed debt amounting to billions of dollars through fraudulent accounting for partnerships and complicated illegal loan contracts. This devastated the investment portfolios of many Enron stockholders and wiped out the retirement savings of Enron employees. Predictably, lawsuits have been brought by a host of injured parties against Enron and its accomplices. Among them, Enron employees and the Labor Department are seeking to recover millions in retirement money lost as the company fell into bankruptcy. In September 2003, a significant opinion was issued by a Texas federal district court in the Enron retirement plan case. (In re Enron Corp. Securities, Derivative & ERISA Litigation v. Enron Corp., SD Tex. No. 4:01-CV-3913 (September 30, 2003). The slip release is 331 pages and can be downloaded from a website devoted to the case, which is maintained by Keller Rohrback L.L.P. to keep class members informed regarding the litigation. Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended and Consolidated Complaint on January 2, 2004.) The lengthy ruling of District Judge Harmon on Enron defendants' motion to dismiss contains notable pronouncements concerning fiduciary responsibilities and obligations with respect to employee pension benefit plans. The author analyzes the decision and what it means for fiduciary responsibility.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Power: High-Performance MVA Gradient Drivers

In high-performance magnetic resonance imaging systems, the gradient driver is required to supply the gradient coil with a large current (>600 A) and a high voltage (>2000 V) to achieve a strong gradient field and a fast slew rate. In addition, extremely high fidelity for reproducing the current command from the central system is very critical to imaging quality. This paper presents the solutions for the different elements of the driver: 1) high-bandwidth (BW) power inverter; 2) ripple cancelation filter; 3) multioutput power supply (PS); and 4) digital control. A high-BW power inverter requires a stacked-bridges structure to achieve a high output ripple frequency with the existing commercial power semiconductor modules. The high voltage and the high frequency for large power modules can be obtained easier and with lower loss using the new silicon carbide devices. The control needs a digital implementation and a very fast processor. Digital control provides compensation and feedforward to improve the response. A capability improvement is obtained by reducing the switching frequency when large currents with a very low-frequency variation are needed. The control can handle it very well, but the filter has to be designed to eliminate more than one ripple frequency. Finally, many PS solutions have been used for multiple isolated outputs, but digital control compensation permits the use of much simpler unregulated PS and keeps the performance. A 2 MVA, 900 A/1200 V, platform has been built and fully tested. The experimental results proved the validity of the proposed structure and the modulation technique.
Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy growth diagram of InGaN on (0001)GaN for the optimized synthesis of InGaN compositional grades

A PAMBE (plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy) growth diagram of InGaN is established for the metal-face (0001) orientation at 575 °C. This growth diagram allows identifying different growth regimes during the epitaxy of InGaN, namely the N-rich, the Ga-rich, the intermediate In-rich, and the In-accumulation regimes. InGaN compositional grades are then grown by ramping the Ga and In fluxes in parallel to remain in either the intermediate In-rich or the N-rich regime. The two samples exhibit distinct structural characteristics, surface morphologies, and optical properties. The growth diagram proves to be a useful tool in controlling the metal fluxes and thereby the stoichiometry conditions on the surface during the growth of compositionally graded layers.
The enzymatic decarboxylation of DOPA in human liver homogenates.

SummaryDOPA decarboxylation occurred enzymatically and nonenzymatically. In the absence of tissue the reaction proceeded nonenzymatically. In the presence of liver tissue an enzymatic reaction took place while the nonenzymatic reaction appeared to be inhibited by a dialyzable compound in the liver homogenate. The enzymatic decarboxylation of DOPA was extremely slow when compared with similar preparations from animal tissues. The pH optimum was between 7 and 8. The reaction was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and competitively by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Phenylpyruvic acid strongly inhibited the reaction in homogenates of livers obtained at two autopsies but proved to be a weaker inhibitor in the case of homogenates of liver obtained at two other autopsies. Norepinephrine, EDTA. chlorpromazine, α-methyl DOPA and phenylalanine did not markedly influence the enzymatic DOPA decarboxylation.
Shell Investigation Behavior of the Intertidal Hermit Crab Pagurus Longicarpus Say

ABSTRACT The investigation of unoccupied gastropod shells by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus consists of the insertion of specific appendages (right cheliped, left cheliped, first right walking leg) into the shell aperture, followed by manipulation of the shell. Detailed observations revealed that the appendages were inserted in a definite sequence, and that there was significant interpopulation variation in this sequence. This variation may be a reflection of differences in shell utilization. The width of the three appendages was a significant predictor of the horizontal aperture width of shells occupied when animals were offered a choice of shells, suggesting that the appendages are being used to assess this aspect of shell morphology. Removal of combinations of these appendages resulted in compensatory use of other appendages, but had no effect on subsequent shell selection.
Quantitative Assessment of the Connection between Steric Hindrance and Electronic Coupling in 2,5-Bis(alkoxy)benzene-Based Mixed-Valence Dimers

The effect of the bridging ligand on electronic delocalization was examined in a series p-bis(alkoxy)benzene dimers relevant to conducting polymers used for organic devices. Using spectroscopic methods, the degree of delocalization for an ethylene-bridged p-bis(alkoxy)benzene dimer was determined and compared to the electronic coupling for directly coupled and phenylene-bridged p-bis(alkoxy)benzene dimers reported previously. Despite a significant increase in distance (53%) between the redox-active sites, the ethylene-bridged compound exhibited a higher electronic coupling than either of the others previously reported. The increased coupling can be attributed to the lower rotational barrier to planarization for the ethylene-bridged dimer. This result highlights the need to minimize both sterics and distance between redox active sites in molecular systems designed for promoting electron mobility and provides quantitative evidence that an optimal balance between these parameters can be achieved.
Selective two-photon collagen crosslinking in situ measured by Brillouin microscopy

Two-photon polymerization has enabled precise microfabrication of three-dimensional structures with applications spanning from photonic microdevices, drug delivery systems, and cellular scaffolds. We present two-photon collagen crosslinking (2P-CXL) of intact corneal tissue using riboflavin and femtosecond laser irradiation. Collagen fiber orientations and photobleaching were characterized by second harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence imaging, respectively. Measurement of local changes in longitudinal mechanical moduli with confocal Brillouin microscopy enabled the visualization of the cross-linked pattern without perturbation of the surrounding non-irradiated regions. 2P-CXL induced stiffening was comparable to that achieved with conventional one-photon CXL. Our results demonstrate the ability to selectively stiffen biological tissue in situ at high resolution with broad implications in ophthalmology, laser surgery, and tissue engineering.
59 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLAYGROUND INJURIES IN AN URBAN SCHOOL SYSTEM RESULTING IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT EVALUATION.

Background More than 200,000 children less than 15 years of age are treated per year in US emergency departments (ED) for playground-related injuries. The majority of such injuries occur on public playgrounds; most occur at schools. Most injuries occur when children fall from equipment onto the ground. Cost of care is estimated at $7.5 billion annually. Objective To characterize the epidemiology of ED-evaluated playground injuries occurring in an urban public school system. Design/Methods All 168 schools in the 65,000 pupil District of Columbia public school system are supported by an on-site registered nurse. Clinical practice policy mandates that school nurses prenotify the ED at Children9s National Medical Center (CNMC) for all students requiring emergency referral. Since 2003, referrals and associated ED treatment records are incorporated into a database to facilitate illness and injury surveillance and tracking. Injury data were analyzed for school year 2003-2004 to identify cases of playground injury. Descriptive epidemiologic and bivariate analysis was conducted. Results During this period, 161 students, ages 3-19, were referred by a school nurse and evaluated at CNMC ED. Seventy-nine (49.1%) referrals were due to injury. Of injured students, 13 (16.4%) were playground related. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from playground equipment (69.2%). Fractures (46.1%) and lacerations (30.7%) were the most common types of injury. All playground-related fractures were due to falls from monkey bars. The rate of fracture for playground-injured students (556/1,000 student-years) was significantly higher than the rates of fracture for all injured patients in the same age range seen in the CNMC ED during calendar year 2003 (134/1,000 patient-years, RR = 4.15, 95% CI 3.51-4.90). Conclusion Fractures are overrepresented as an outcome of school playground injuries and are predominantly the result of falls from equipment. Opportunities for intervention should include further evaluation of urban school playground safety, including playground maintenance and injury patterns.
Organisational characteristics as determinants of the level of institutional stakeholder pressure for sustainable development in the natural gas exploration and production industry

This study of the shale gas production industry in the North-Eastern USA empirically tests the role organisational characteristics, such as firm environmental record and public visibility, play in influencing the level of pressure placed on these firms by institutional stakeholders for a more sustainable approach to their development activities. To my knowledge, no prior study explored the role of these organisational characteristics; their influence has so far only been stipulated in theoretical arguments in the organisational business literature. The research design integrates data obtained from company databases, publicly available firm documents and websites, violations data, as well as online regional news sources. Findings indicate that publicly reported environmental indiscretions as well as increased public visibility lead companies to more broadly recognise institutional stakeholders including non-governmental organisations (NGOs), regulators, the media, industry groups, competitors and local communities. However, a somewhat unexpected result was that companies with fewer regulatory violations acknowledge more institutional stakeholders.
Crisis informatics—New data for extraordinary times

Crisis informatics is a multidisciplinary field combining computing and social science knowledge of disasters; its central tenet is that people use personal information and communication technology to respond to disaster in creative ways to cope with uncertainty. We study and develop computational support for collection and sociobehavioral analysis of online participation (i.e., tweets and Facebook posts) to address challenges in disaster warning, response, and recovery. Because such data are rarely tidy, we offer lessons—learned the hard way, as we have made every mistake described below—with respect to the opportunities and limitations of social media research on crisis events.
Bone–ligament interface

This chapter focuses on current concepts in regeneration of the ligament–bone interface. In the musculoskeletal system, ligaments, which connect bone to bone, insert into osseous tissues via indirect fibrous attachments or direct fibrocartilaginous insertions. Regeneration of these critical transitions is essential for improving long-term clinical outcomes following ligament reconstruction. This chapter will highlight emerging strategies in ligament–bone interface tissue engineering, as well as bioinspired scaffold design strategies aimed at functional and integrative ligament regeneration.
The Image of the Artist in Archaic and Classical Greece: Art, Poetry, and Subjectivity

This book explores the persona of the artist in Archaic and Classical Greek art and literature. Guy Hedreen argues that artistic subjectivity, first expressed in Athenian vase-painting of the sixth century BCE and intensively explored by Euphronios, developed alongside a self-consciously constructed persona of the poet. He explains how poets like Archilochos and Hipponax identified with the wily Homeric character of Odysseus as a prototype of the successful narrator, and how the lame yet resourceful artist-god Hephaistos is emulated by Archaic vase-painters such as Kleitias. In lyric poetry and pictorial art, Hedreen traces a widespread conception of the artist or poet as socially marginal, and sometimes physically imperfect, but rhetorically clever, technically peerless, and a master of fiction. Bringing together in a sustained analysis the roots of subjectivity across media, this book offers a new way of studying the relationship between poetry and art in ancient Greece.
Conscious Level Assessment in Infants

Neurosurgeons at the Adelaide Children’s Hospital, King William Street, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia have used a paediatric version of the Glasgow Coma Scale since 1977 for assessing conscious level in infants and young children.
Metabolic Bone Disease and Other Alternative Reasons for Fractures

Rickets and hyperparathyroidism have been mistaken for abuse, especially when hyperparathyroid-weakened bones fracture; on the other hand, clear radiographic demonstration of abuse has been falsely claimed to be rickets by abuse deniers. The key finding radiographically in rickets is nonmineralization of the cartilaginous zone of provisional calcification. Three key findings of hyperparathyroidism are coarse trabeculae, washing out of tubular bone cortices, and loss of the lamina dura around teeth. In osteoporosis, including from scurvy and copper deficiency, the zone of provisional calcification becomes more conspicuous compared to adjacent demineralized bone. Leukemia and other generalized diseases can be mistakenly considered abuse. Rescue trauma is also in the differential abuse and requires astute questioning of the caretakers.
Temporal Trends and Practice Patterns in the Urology Work Force between Low and High Density Population Areas

Abstract Introduction To evaluate access to urological care and potential work force shortages it is essential to understand geographic variation in physician supply and practice patterns among urologists. We sought to quantify differences between urban and nonurban urologists in the United States and evaluate these trends with time. Methods We obtained procedural case logs from the ABU (American Board of Urology) for 9,390 urologists undergoing ABU initial certification or recertification during 2003 through 2015. We performed summary statistics to characterize the practice patterns and case mix of nonurban urologists (practice setting less than 100,000 population) and urban urologists (practice setting greater than 100,000 population). Results Of 8,180 urologists (87.1%) with practice setting information 6,907 (84.4%) practiced in an urban setting vs 1,273 (15.6%) in a nonurban setting. The proportion of nonurban urologists decreased from 2003 to 2015 (19.4% to 14.2%, p = 0.06). A higher proportion of urban urologists were female (9.5% vs 6.8%, p = 0.007). Nonurban urologists were more likely to be general urologists (88.0% vs 71.8%, p Conclusions Imbalance in the geographic distribution of urologists appears to be growing. With an aging nonurban urological work force that is performing fewer major operations Americans residing in nonurban areas may face barriers in access to care.
Altered resting state functional connectivity of fear and reward circuitry in comorbid PTSD and major depression

Background Individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder (PTSD-MDD) often exhibit greater functional impairment and poorer treatment response than individuals with PTSD alone. Research has not determined whether PTSD-MDD is associated with different network connectivity abnormalities than PTSD alone. Methods We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) patterns of brain regions involved in fear and reward processing in three groups: patients with PTSD-alone (n = 27), PTSD-MDD (n = 21), and trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHCs, n = 34). Based on previous research, seeds included basolateral amygdala (BLA), centromedial amygdala (CMA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Results Regardless of MDD comorbidity, PTSD was associated with decreased connectivity of BLA-orbitalfrontal cortex (OFC) and CMA-thalamus pathways, key to fear processing, and fear expression, respectively. PTSD-MDD, compared to PTSD-alone and TEHC, was associated with decreased connectivity across multiple amygdala and striatal-subcortical pathways: BLA-OFC, NAcc-thalamus, and NAcc-hippocampus. Further, while both the BLA-OFC and the NAcc-thalamus pathways were correlated with MDD symptoms, PTSD symptoms correlated with the amygdala pathways (BLA-OFC; CMA-thalamus) only. Conclusions Comorbid PTSD-MDD may be associated with multifaceted functional connectivity alterations in both fear and reward systems. Clinical implications are discussed.
Calmodulin and Stac3 Enhance Functional Expression of CaV1.1

CaV1.1 is a prominent L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) that plays an integral role in mediating skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Unlike other homologous L-type channels (e.g. CaV1.3), in depth biophysical analysis of CaV1.1 is challenging as functional expression of these channels has been generally restricted to cell types with a muscular lineage. Interestingly, in contrast to CaV1.3, the carboxy terminus of CaV1.1 has a low affinity for the calcium binding protein, calmodulin (CaM) suggesting that the loss of CaM pre-association may be responsible for the poor functional expression of CaV1.1 in recombinant systems. Here, we explicitly demonstrate that restoration of CaM to the channel complex enables functional expression of CaV1.1 in HEK293 cells. Further mechanistic analysis shows that CaM substantially enhances surface membrane trafficking of CaV1.1. In conjunction with recent studies that showed Stac3 (SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3) adaptor proteins also enable CaV1.1 currents in recombinant systems (Polster et al (2015) PNAS 112:602), our results argue that multiple cell signaling molecules can evoke similar functional outcomes and points to redundancy in molecular pathways that orchestrate CaV1.1 surface expression. These results also suggest there may be an overlap between channel regulation and trafficking of L-type VGCC with Stac3 and CaM. In all, our findings furnish a convenient platform to probe CaV1.1 function and related pharmacology.
Iron catalyzed growth of crystalline multi-walled carbon nanotubes from ambient carbon dioxide mediated by molten carbonates

Until now, research efforts focused on electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into stable carbon-based materials have been limited by poor understanding of catalytic effects occurring at surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the capability to simultaneously use atomic layer deposition (ALD), electrode composition control, and current density as a means to direct the formation of iron-based catalysts and grow highly crystalline multi-walled carbon nanotubes at high yields (99%) and with controlled average diameters of 27.5 nm from ambient carbon dioxide captured and dissolved in molten carbonate electrolytes. ALD of passive alumina coatings on a Ni anode prevents electrode corrosion processes and adverse deposition of Ni on the cathode that results in increased CNT diameters, lower CNT quality, and non-CNT products. On the cathode side where CNT growth occurs, our results elucidate the fine balance of iron catalyst accessibility from the cathode interior and the surface chemical properties in order to achieve high yield and high quality CNT growth. Our work provides an intersection between decades of research understanding on catalytic gas-phase growth of CNT materials and the ability to leverage these ideas to sustainably capture ambient carbon dioxide and produce functional CNT materials.
National predictors and trends for androgen deprivation therapy use in low-risk prostate cancer.

50Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is not recommended for low-risk prostate cancer due to its known harms and lack of benefits. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of ADT use in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Methods: We identified 197,980 patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) with low-risk prostate cancer (Gleason 3+3 = 6, PSA < 10ng/mL, and cT1-T2a) diagnosed from 2004 to 2012 with complete demographic and treatment information. We determined the incidence of ADT use and utilized multiple logistic regression to evaluate predictors of ADT use. Results: ADT use in low-risk prostate cancer patients declined steadily from 2004 to 2012 (17.6% vs. 3.5%). 80.6% of these patients underwent radiation, and 10.0% received ADT as primary therapy. Among 82,354 low-risk disease patients treated with radiation, demographic and treatment factors associated with increased likelihood of ADT use include older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.04 per year, p < 0.001); Hispanic vs. non-Hispa...
Rats Respond for Food on a Variable-Interval Schedule Following Satiation

Rats with extensive variable-interval (VI) lever-press training for food were given unlimited access to food in home cages. In 70 VI sessions rats continued to respond and consume pellets although mean response rate dropped from 47 to 4 responses/min. Half the rats received extinction during the last 11 sessions, and their response rate dropped to 0.0 responses/min. Results may reflect effects of continuous illumination on eating behavior in rats.
Histories: Religion, Revolutions, and Global Restructuring

This chapter details the Church’s rise to political relevancy and the events surrounding the People Power Revolution of 1986. As an influential civil society institution, the Church has contributed to polarizing public discourses on the RH Law and helped to shape state legislation on family, marriage, and abortion. Collantes then discusses how the Philippines’ economic development and global restructuring since the 1970s have dramatically transformed the social geography of the Philippines. Export labor migration, in particular, continues to propel the dispersal of Filipinos across great distances. Collantes shows how the Church’s relevance in civil society and politics—in addition to the country’s globalizing economic landscape—continue to impact intimacies in Metro Manila as well as the country’s complicated reproductive politics.
Predicting student attrition using social determinants: Implications for a diverse nursing workforce.

Abstract Background Attrition of academically qualified nursing students affects the size of the nursing workforce. A better understanding of the multifaceted predictive factors of attrition is needed to inform targeted interventions to promote program progression and maintain an adequate nursing workforce. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, academic, and social determinant factors associated with attrition at the end of the first semester in an upper-division baccalaureate nursing program. Method Students' demographic and academic data from an administrative database were combined with social determinants data collected via a web-based survey. Results Among this cohort ( n =164), social determinants were significantly associated with attrition. A significantly greater percentage of students who failed were born outside the United States (U.S.), had one or both parents born outside the U.S., reported English was not the primary language spoken in the home, and were racially/ethnically diverse. Conclusions Attrition was primarily among students with diverse racial, ethnic, and/or cultural backgrounds, which has implications for achieving a diverse nursing workforce. Proactive strategies to support success should be especially targeted on diverse students.
Fatigue Cracks in Fibre Metal Laminates in the Presences of Rivets and Cold Expanded Holes

In order for new composite materials like fiber metal laminates (FML) to gain acceptance in the aerospace field, it is important to understand the effect on them of common manufacturing techniques such as riveting and cold expansion. A comprehensive research program was initiated using two advanced strain measurement techniques; digital image correlation and thermoelastic stress analysis, to understand the failure mechanisms in FML materials that had been fatigue cycled after having undergone hole cold expansion or riveting. Prior theoretical work has shown the potential for improvement in fatigue life of FMLs, so one standard grade of FML (FML 4-3/2) and a novel FML variant were manufactured and tested. Thermoelastic stress analysis was employed to measure strains on the mandrel exit face while digital image correlation was used to measure strains on the mandrel entry face in the coupons and additional insight was gained regarding the effect of the cold expansion process and of riveting on fatigue crack growth. The results also highlighted the effect of material design on fatigue life as well as the interaction between residual strains and fatigue crack growth.
Founder as Steward or Agent? A Study of Founder Ownership and Firm Value:

This study addresses the relationship between founder ownership and firm value in young and entrepreneurial businesses. We argue that a stewardship effect prevails when founders have low or high le...
Radical S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine (SAM) Enzyme Involved in the Maturation of the Nitrogenase Cluster

Nitrogenase is the only known enzymatic system that converts atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) into bioavailable ammonia (NH3). The active-site cofactor responsible for this reactivity is a [(R-homocitrate)MoFe7S9C] cluster that is designated as the M-cluster. This important cofactor is assembled stepwise from a pair of [Fe4S4] clusters that become fused into a [Fe8S9C] core before additional refinements take place to complete the biosynthesis. NifB, a member of the radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) superfamily, facilitates the conversion of the [Fe4S4] clusters (called the K-cluster) to the [Fe8S9C] core (called the L-cluster). This transformation includes a SAM-dependent carbide insertion with concomitant incorporation of an additional sulfur. While difficulties with the purification of NifB have historically prevented detailed biochemical analyses, we have developed a heterologous expression system in Escherichia coli that yields stable NifB proteins from various N2-fixing methanogenic organisms that can be used for studies. This chapter details the procedures necessary to prepare an active NifB protein. The methods used for the biochemical characterization of the SAM-dependent carbide insertion reactions are also described.
A legacy role for DNA binding of Lon protects against genotoxic stress

The quality control protease Lon was originally characterized as a DNA binding protein, yet the physiological consequences of this interaction are not understood. Here we use the α-proteobacteria Caulobacter crescentus to show that DNA binding of Lon is critical for DNA damage tolerance. In vitro, DNA can directly activate or inhibit Lon activity and promotes degradation of DNA bound proteins by neighboring bound Lon. Bacteria expressing a DNA-binding deficient Lon variant are phenotypically wildtype with respect to normal growth and response to proteotoxic stresses, but are sensitive to genotoxic stresses. Disrupting Lon binding to mitochondria genomes also results in sensitivity to DNA damage but otherwise maintained normal mitochondrial function, consistent with the bacterial ancestry of this organelle. We propose that clearance of overly persistent proteins from DNA, including DNA-protein crosslinks, by the Lon protease is an important damage response that originated in free-living α-proteobacteria and has been preserved during the endosymbiotic transition to mitochondria.
Dennis, S. (2001). A teaching guide to natural resources and the informed citizen

(2002). Dennis, S. (2001). A teaching guide to natural resources and the informed citizen. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 164-166.
Environmental Assessment of Developmentally Disabled Infants and Preschoolers

In recent years there has been an increasing realization that not all of the dysfunctional behavior of the developmentally disabled can be attributed solely to biomedicai factors. Although primary sensory or motor deficits have a biomedicai etiology, many of the cognitive-social-emotional problems of the developmentally disabled, as described in Chapter 1, may have an environmental as well as a biological basis (Green & Durocher, 1965). The relevance of psychosocial environmental factors1 to cognitive, social, or emotional development has been noted for the hearing impaired (Altshuler, 1974; Cheskin, 1981; Galenson, Miller, Kaplan & Rothstein, 1979; Sanders, 1980), the visually impaired (Willis, 1979), the mentally retarded (Poznanski, 1973), and the motorically impaired (Battle, 1977; Cruickshank, Hallahan & Bice, 1976; Lewandowski & Cruickshank, 1980; Shere & Kastenbaum, 1966; also see review in Chapter 1 by Wachs & Sheehan). Particularly for the hearing-impaired and the motorically impaired, most theorists hypothesize an interactive process, in which an initially less responsive handicapped child does not elicit the types of parental interactions necessary for optimal cognitive- social-emotional development (Greenberg & Marvin, 1979; Henggler & Cooper, 1983; Kogan, 1980; Richardson, 1969; Wedell-Monnig & Lumley, 1980).
A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: A Commentary on Fagan, Gorin, and Tharinger.

(2000). A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats: A Commentary to Fagan, Gorin, and Tharinger. School Psychology Review: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 538-539.
Detection of fast flux service networks

Fast Flux Service Networks (FFSN) apply high availability server techniques to the business of malware distribution. FFSNs are similar to commercial content distribution networks (CDN), such as Akamai, in terms of size, scope, and business model, serving as an outsourced content delivery service for clients. Using an analysis of DNS traffic, we derive a sequential hypothesis-testing algorithm based entirely on traffic characteristics and dynamic white listing to provide real time detection of FFSNs in live traffic. We improve on existing work, providing faster and more accurate detection of FFSNs. We also investigate a category of hosts not fully explored in previous detectors - Open Content Distribution Networks (OCDN) that share many of the characteristics of FFSNs.
Regional Strain by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improves Detection of Right Ventricular Scar Compared With Late Gadolinium Enhancement on a Multimodality Scar Evaluation in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium resulting in reentrant ventricular...
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) in Primary Care Mental Health

This case report describes the application of a dialectical behavioral therapy–informed psychotherapy approach to treating conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) with motor ...
Navigating the Ideology of Creativity in Education

A growing number of scholars have come to see creativity, not as a trait or force or process, but as ideology – a set of seldom questioned values and assumptions about individuals and change that characterizes our time while unifying and reinforcing other ideological concepts, such as individualism and neophilia. What does this ideology look like in education? Can educators manage its impact, and even influence its meaning? In other words, inevitably working from within our ideology of creativity, what moves are available once we are aware of the stakes?
The Role of Bacteria in Non-infection Stone Formation

Urinary stone disease (USD) is a common and increasingly burdensome disease affecting one out of ten individuals at some point during their lifetime. Historically, the role of bacteria has been limited to struvite stones and their association with urease-producing bacteria. However, evidence has been accumulating supporting association of bacteria with non-infection stones. For example, urinary tract infection often presents concurrently with USD, bacteria can be grown from calcium containing stones, and 16S rRNA sequencing has detected bacteria in stones of all compositions. The precise role of bacteria in non-infection USD pathogenesis is not well understood, but bacteria may contribute to urinary modification or crystal aggregation or be merely coincidental to the process. To distinguish between these possibilities, future analysis of bacteria isolated from urinary stones will be necessary.
Cell death–mediated cytokine release and its therapeutic implications

Targeting apoptosis to treat diseases has seen tremendous success over the past decades. More recently, alternative forms of regulated cell death, including pyroptosis and necroptosis, have been described. Understanding the molecular cascades regulating both pyroptosis and necroptosis will yield even more targets to treat diseases. These lytic forms of cell death are distinct from apoptosis due to their characteristic lysis and release of cellular components that promote disease or direct a beneficial immune response. In this review, we focus on how pyroptosis and necroptosis, which release potent immune cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18, contribute to various diseases. We also consider the important role that the executioners of these cell death pathways, GSDMD and MLKL, play in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Crosstalk between the different cell death pathways likely plays a major role physiologically. New therapeutic strategies targeting these specific molecules hold enormous potential for managing inflammatory diseases.
Why Re-Place?

Why Re-Place? Garth Rockcastle Why, as a culture, do we tend to privilege the concep- tion and making of new things, or places, over the chance to modify or remake existing ones? Making new is not intrinsically more challenging than remaking, amending, or renewing. Nor is the result routinely more appealing or longer lasting. Does realizing the new require more effort? Does it involve more complexity? Not necessarily. Often it is more challenging or complex to redo a thing or place than to make something new. And in absolute molecular terms, everything and everyplace can only be remade, recycled, reassembled, reconfigured, or renewed. When we make, we Above: Forum of Augustus, north exedra (medieval balcony of Casa de’ Cavalieri di Rodi and Ghibelline windows of fifteenth-century residence for Barbo family). The tradition of reuse extends back through the Renaissance rediscovery of the ruins of antiquity. Photo by Phil Jacks. merely move, process, and assemble material that already exists (physically or in our minds)—we make something or someplace into another, which we may or may not call new. As well, the more new we make, the more waste and disruption we produce. So why give new things and places a higher status? Why assign greater acclaim to those who give rise to them? Perhaps it has to do with pride and clarity of authorship: in making the new there is greater ego satisfaction, less need to share the accomplishment with others. Or perhaps it is a way to privilege the present over the past. If this be the case, is this what we want as the legacy or driver of our culture? I do not believe it is. Thereby was this theme section of Places born, motivated by a desire to awaken the potential of shifting our cultural bias away from exclusive authorship, ownership, and the present, toward the value of seeing and practicing the ethical and creative potential of shared renewal and re-placement. Rockcastle / Why Re-Place?
Using Primary Source Projects to teach undergraduate mathematics content: analysis of instructor implementation and perceptions

ABSTRACTThis study investigates changes in instructor teaching tendencies, instructor’s perception of impact on student learning and dispositions, and methods of implementation of Primary Source Pr...
High Work Density Gete Mechanical Phase Change Actuator

This paper reports on the fabrication and testing of a new class of non-volatile MEMS actuator based on GeTe phase change material. The demonstrated actuator is capable of unidirectional strain up to 7%, which can be related to an intrinsic work density of ∼ 200 J/cm3 – one order of magnitude beyond any other semiconductor-based actuation material. GeTe is a phase change material that has been reported to exhibit a large volume change when switched between the amorphous (larger) and crystalline (smaller) states [1]–[4]. We confine these changes in a small geometry ideal for the making of micro/nanoscale vertical displacement actuators and toggle the GeTe states by thermal cycling the material using a tungsten heater. Both amorphous and crystalline states are stable at room temperature, making the actuator non-volatile. An average 14 nm thickness difference was measured between amorphous and crystalline states for a 200 nm thick GeTe actuator, ideal for example for closing/opening a contact in NEMS relays. More broadly, given the high work density of this material, we expect it to have a significant impact on micro/nanoscale actuators when arranged in other geometries.
Approximating Trajectory Constraints With Machine Learning – Microgrid Islanding With Frequency Constraints

In this paper, we introduce a deep learning aided constraint encoding method to tackle the frequency-constraint microgrid scheduling problem. The nonlinear function between system operating condition and frequency nadir is approximated by using a neural network, which admits an exact mixed-integer formulation (MIP). This formulation is then integrated with the scheduling problem to encode the frequency constraint. With the stronger representation power of the neural network, the resulting commands can ensure adequate frequency response in a realistic setting in addition to islanding success. The proposed method is validated on a modified 33-node system. Successful islanding with a secure response is simulated under the scheduled commands using a detailed three-phase model in Simulink. The advantages of our model are particularly remarkable when the inertia emulation functions from wind turbine generators are considered.
Parent-Implemented Early Social Communication Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Numerous developmental difficulties differentiate children with autism from typically developing children, including delays in social communication skills. In this study, we used a multiple baseline design across three behaviors (i.e., imitation, behavioral requests, and response to joint attention) for two parent–child dyads to investigate the effectiveness of a parent-implemented social communication intervention. Parents received training on least to most prompting, and coaching while practicing with their child until they reached the intervention fidelity criterion. Results indicated increased parent fidelity for one parent in two strategies and in all strategies for one parent. Environmental arrangement training was not provided for one parent due to increases in baseline. In addition, all child behaviors increased. The results and implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Psychogenic movement disorders.

Neurologic dysfunction owing to psychogenic causes compromises 1% to 9% of all neurologic diagnoses. Movement disorders are the most common symptoms. This article defines diagnostic strategies and treatments for all psychogenic movement disorders and describes psychogenic dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and parkinsonism in detail.
User Experience Design to Synchronize Government Acquisition Strategy and Schedule

The government acquisition process requires a significant amount of research and planning due to its inherent complexities and interdependencies. In particular, in creating a request for proposals (RFP), contract specialists must manage a multitude of tasks and deadlines. The current tools fail to appropriately support their workflow. To create a tool to help better synchronize project planning, we followed an iterative process in designing a novel user experience for use on mobile devices. The design incorporates the three primary phases in generating an RFP, i.e., market research, requirements development, and acquisition strategy and planning. The final design supports a) the retrospective review of project status at high- and low-levels of detail, b) the promotion of personal achievement through goal setting, c) a high level of customizability with numerous filtering options, and d) gamification to engage and guide users. Data visualization indicators were devised to distinguish the completion status of tasks, person-specific goals, interdependencies between actions, and the task completion timeline. Prototype usability walkthroughs with contract specialists evaluated the effectiveness of these design elements.
Canine heartworm and heat treatment: An evaluation using a well based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and canine sera with confirmed heartworm infection status.

Abstract Heat treatment of serum has demonstrated improved detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen in sera of sheltered dogs without knowing the true infection status of the animals and in dogs confirmed experimentally to be infected with heartworm. Utilizing archived sera with necropsy confirmed heartworm infection status (n = 665) and a micro-titer well based ELISA antigen assay, this study evaluated how the composition of heartworm infections affects antigen test results pre- and post-heat treatment, determined subsequent changes to the antigen test sensitivity and specificity, and application of optical density values. The composition of heartworm infections present in dogs with sera initially testing antigen negative consisted of infections by dead 1/34 (2.9 %), immature 10/34 (29.4 %), male only 7/34 (20.6 %), female only 5/34 (14.7 %), and mixed sex infections 11/34 (32.4 %) with 2–62 heartworms of which 6 were microfilaremic. The composition of heartworm infections remaining antigen negative post-heat treatment consisted of infections by dead 1/14 (7.1 %), immature 9/14 (64.3 %), male only 2/14 (14.3 %), and mixed sex infections 2/14 (14.3 %) with 6 and 62 heartworms of which 1 was microfilaremic. The overall sensitivity for all infections, mature heartworms, and mature females before heat treatment were 86.9 %, 90.7 %, and 93.3 % and after heat treatment sensitivity increased to 94.6 %, 98.4 %, and 99.2 % respectively. A decrease in specificity from 97.8%–96.1% was observed following heat treatment of heartworm negative sera. Optical density values for the varying infection intensities present in this study clearly indicate that result intensity is not reflective of the number of heartworms present. This study provides additional context for interpreting post-heat antigen results for dogs originating from animal shelters, demonstrates diagnostic utility of optical density, and highlights the need for improved heartworm diagnostics.