cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Satisficing behavior, Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem and Nash Equilibrium

We show that Nash Equilibrium points can be obtained by using response maps or reply functions that simply use better responses rather than best responses. We demonstrate the existence of a Nash Equilibrium as the fixed point of a better response map and since the better response map is continuous the fixed point can be established by simply using Brouwer’s fixed point theorem. The proof applies to games with a finite number of strategies as well as to games with a continuum of strategies. In case the games have a continuum of strategies the payoff functions have to be continuous on the action sets and quasi concave on the player’s action set.
Top-down approach to computing

An IT systems perspective provides insight into the factors that influence the success or failure of computer technologies.
On symmetry of nonnegative solutions of elliptic equations

Abstract We consider the Dirichlet problem for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations on a bounded domain Ω. We assume that Ω is symmetric about a hyperplane H and convex in the direction perpendicular to H. By a well-known result of Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg and its generalizations, all positive solutions are reflectionally symmetric about H and decreasing away from the hyperplane in the direction orthogonal to H. For nonnegative solutions, this result is not always true. We show that, nonetheless, the symmetry part of the result remains valid for nonnegative solutions: any nonnegative solution u is symmetric about H. Moreover, we prove that if u ≢ 0 , then the nodal set of u divides the domain Ω into a finite number of reflectionally symmetric subdomains in which u has the usual Gidas–Ni–Nirenberg symmetry and monotonicity properties. We also show several examples of nonnegative solutions with a nonempty interior nodal set.
Flame transfer function saturation mechanisms in a swirl-stabilized combustor

An understanding of the amplitude dependence of the flame response to harmonic acoustic excitation is required in order to predict and/or correlate combustion instability amplitudes. This paper describes an experimental investigation of the mechanisms for nonlinearity of the heat release response to imposed acoustic oscillations using phase-locked, two-dimensional OH PLIF imaging. It focuses upon two representative conditions from a larger test set, corresponding to fundamentally different mechanisms of nonlinearity in flame response. The first mechanism is vortex roll-up at large disturbance amplitudes, similar to the observations of Balachandran et al. [R. Balachandran, B.O. Ayoola, C.F. Kaminski, A.P. Dowling, E. Mastorakos, Combust. Flame 143 (2005) 37–55.]. This roll-up causes the destruction rate of flame surface area by flame propagation to grow with disturbance amplitude, resulting in a flame surface area which does not grow proportionately with the disturbance amplitude. The second mechanism is unsteady flame liftoff, which occurs during the phase of the cycle of peak instantaneous axial velocity. This causes the flame attachment point to move off of the center body to a downstream location for part of the cycle. During this part of the cycle, the flame surface area decreases due to a merging of flame branches. Interestingly, while the flow field is highly three-dimensional and non-axisymmetric, the two key mechanisms identified here are essentially axisymmetric in nature. Furthermore, both mechanisms of nonlinearity are ultimately due to reduction in flame area by flame propagation normal to itself.
Safety and tolerability of regadenoson in 514 SPECT MPI patients with and without coronary artery disease and submaximal exercise heart rate response

The safety of regadenoson (Reg) during low-level exercise testing has been established. However, its administration at peak exercise for patients who do not reach target heart rate (THR) on standard exercise treadmill stress testing (ETT) needs to be established, particularly among patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) From our stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) database, we identified all patients between 2009 and 2012 who underwent standard ETT and received Reg at peak exercise for failure to reach THR. Hemodynamics, side effects, and adverse events were entered prospectively into the database at the time of testing and were subsequently retrieved for analysis. There were 514 patients, mean age 60 ± 12 years, 34 % female gender, and 51 % with prior CAD. There were 218 (42 %) and 297 (57 %) patients who underwent standard or modified Bruce and Cornell protocols, respectively, and with a mean exercise time of 5.8 ± 2.1 min. The mean percentage of peak heart rate achieved was 71 ± 8 %, and mean maximal metabolic equivalent (MET) was 6.7 ± 1.8. There were 63 (12 %) patients who developed ≥30 mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) after 2 min of Reg administration, and 10 (2 %) had SBP <100 mmHg at 2 min and were younger and achieved higher METs; 8 and 2 patients were symptomatic, respectively. The most common side effects reported were shortness of breath (12 %), chest pain/discomfort (13 %), and dizziness (7 %). There was one syncopal event, but no high-degree heart block, cardiac or respiratory arrest. Four patients received aminophylline. Women were more likely to have shortness of breath or gastrointestinal symptoms, while diabetics were less likely to have chest discomfort. There was otherwise no significant difference in adverse events between different groups including those with and without CAD. Among patients undergoing standard treadmill stress testing for MPI who do not reach THR, the administration of Reg at peak exercise is safe and without major adverse events. Future large prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the off-label use of Reg in this setting.
Intravenous interferon administered during liver transplantation is not effective in preventing hepatitis C reinfection.

Background Post-transplant hepatitis C is a major challenge after liver transplantation (LT). Antiviral therapy is associated with lower efficacy in the post-transplant setting.
Performance Based Exploration of Generative Design Solutions Using Formex Algebra

This paper illustrates the use of a computational form-finding method called ParaGen which aids the designer in the exploration of arrays of good solutions. Although the method is guided by a multi-objective optimization program, the goal is to promote the exploration of the solution space based on designer selected combinations of performance objectives. The digital form generation of the bridges is carried out using Formian, a program which uses Formex algebra to describe a wide array of geometric configurations. This form generation is linked to structural simulation and design software (STAAD. Pro) to determine performance values. Finally, ParaGen is used to build a database of all solutions and guide the exploration based on performance values. Using this database, both visual and numeric characteristics are explored.
ON CONTINUOUS AND ADJOINT MORPHISMS BETWEEN NON-COMMUTATIVE PRIME SPECTRA

We study topological properties of the correspondence of prime spectra associated to a noncommutative ring homomorphism R→ S. Our main result provides criteria for the adjointness of certain functors between the categories of Zariski closed subsets of SpecR and SpecS; these functors arise naturally from restriction and extension of scalars. When R and S are left noetherian, adjointness occurs only for centralizing and “nearly centralizing” homomorphisms.
Causality as an influence on hindsight bias: An empirical examination of judges' evaluation of professional audit judgment

Abstract Evaluators often overestimate, ex-post, their ability to have predicted a known outcome. Arguably, judges and juries, in turn, blame external auditors for their failure to anticipate negative client outcomes and to disclose what in hindsight is outcome diagnostic information. The extent to which judges succumb to nonnormative hindsight bias may relate to the perceived feasibility (or ease) of reconstructing a causal relationship between the outcome and antecedent conditions. That is, hindsight bias arguably relies upon: (1) the ability of the evaluator, ex-post, to reconstruct a cogent causal series of related events leading up to the outcome, and (2) the tendency of overestimate the ex-ante likelihood of the reconstructed scenario. If ease of causal reconstruction of events is determined to enhance hindsight effects, remedial attention might be directed at this feature of the phenomenon. An experiment was conducted involving 96 general jurisdiction judges. We examined whether the nonsusceptibility of events to causal reconstruction would serve to moderate the magnitude of hindsight effects. Our hypothesis was that if an outcome could be attributed to a causal series of related events, judges would exhibit greater hindsight bias than if an outcome was perceived to be unforeseeable. That is, outcomes attributable in increasing degree to unforeseen causes were expected to be associated with decreasing hindsight effects. Results confirmed these expectations; implications for audit legal liability are also discussed.
Artificial Retardation of Barotropic Waves in Layered Ocean Models

Abstract The effect of reducing the barotropic gravity wave speed in a layered ocean model in order to gain computational speed is explored. In theory the error in the propagation of baroclinic gravity waves typically is less than 3% for a reduction of the external gravity speed by one order of magnitude. This is confirmed in a numerical experiment. For baroclinic Rossby waves, the phase speed error is even less. The barotropic response is limited to the reduced radius of deformation. The method, which we will refer to as gravity wave retardation, is therefore applicable only for oceanic flows where the barotropic mode is of minor importance. It is demonstrated that the method gives very good results for the baroclinic flow of an equatorial jet, spinup of a midlatitude ocean and flow over a midoceanic ridge. The method can be considered as an alternative to multilayer reduced gravity models, and has the advantage that bottom topography can be included.
DNA synthesis by cultured myocardial cells.

Myocardial cells cultured from ventricles of 4-day embryonic chick hearts were labeled with H3-thymidine for the radioautographic study of DNA synthesis and nuclear cycling. After the myoblasts had been in culture for 48 hours and had begun to grow out and contract, the cultures were exposed to H3-thymidine, 1 μc/ml of Hank's balanced salt solution, for one hour. Pairs of cultures were fixed in methyl alcohol for analysis every two hours over a subsequent period of 60 hours. The total percentage of labeled cells, together with labeled mitotic figures which developed after labeling, determined the average values for generation time and nuclear cycle phases as follows: generation time, 45 hours; DNA synthesis, nine hours; G2 interval, 2–6 hours; G1 interval, 27–33 1/2 hours; and mitosis, one-half to one hour. Autonomous control of DNA synthesis was observed occasionally in a binucleate cell having only one labeled nucleus, although both nuclei were in a similar phase of mitosis. It is evident from these data that cultured myocardial cells synthesize DNA similarly to other cells.
STUDY OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF DRY CONTACTS IN THE BRAKE DISCS «APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE ANSYS V11.0»

Braking is a process which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into mechanical energy which must be dissipated in the form of heat. During the braking phase, the frictional heat generated at the interface disc - pads can lead to high temperatures. This phenomenon is even more important that the tangential stress as well as the relative sliding speeds in contact is important. The objective of this study is to analyze the thermal behavior of the full and ventilated brake discs of the vehicles using computing code ANSYS. The modeling of the temperature distribution in the disc brake is used to identify all the factors and the entering parameters concerned at the time of the braking operation such as the type of braking, the geometric design of the disc and the used material. The results obtained by the simulation are satisfactory compared with those of the specialized literature. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.17.3.502
The Construction of Victim and Perpetrator Memories: Accuracy and Distortion in Role-Based Accounts

To study how roles shape the construction of narrative accounts, participants read a story while identifying with its victim or perpetrator and then retold the story in their own words. In Study 2, participants told the story twice, the second time after a 3-to 5-day retention interval. In Study 3, some participants were given instructions to tell as accurate a story as possible. In all three studies, victims and perpetrators distorted to about the same extent, significantly more than control participants and especially by selective omission of uncongenial facts. Specific distortions suggested self-serving, role-based motivations. Perpetrators embellished mitigating circumstances and their own benevolent actions while omitting facts that emphasized severity and responsibility. Victims concentrated on details that described the severity of the offense and downplayed the perpetrator's positive actions.
Reversible, Metastable, Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Conjugated Polymer and Buckminsterfullerene Composites and Heterojunctions

Abstract Results of comparative, experimental studies on the reversible, metastable, ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from semiconducting, conjugated polymers onto C60 are summarized. Photoinduced absorption in millisecond and femtosecond time scales, steady state and picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence, steady state and picosecond transient photoconductivity, steady state infrared photoexcitation spectroscopy and finally steady state light induced electron spin resonance measurements are summarized as experimental evidence for an ultrafast (< 1 picosecond) forward electron transfer resulting in a long-lived charge separated state. Comparative studies demonstrate that in degenerate ground state polymers soliton excitations, and in polydiacetylenes the strongly bound excitons, form before the electron transfer occurs; thereby inhibiting charge separation. Utilizing thin films of the semiconducting polymer and buckminsterfullerene to form a heterojunction interface, we have fabricated donor-a...
A computer controlled, finite duration “steady” flow facility

A novel and relatively simple flow facility was designed and fabricated to study the instability characteristics of a slit-jet flow field. The performance of the flow facility has been found to be statisfactory. The operation of this gravity driven, finite duration, “steady” flow facility was based upon an inviscid flow model. This technique to establish a finite duration “steady” flow field is quite general in nature and can be easily adapted to other flow fields of interest.
Diagnostic tools in the evaluation of patients with viral hepatitis undergoing liver transplantation

Familiarity with the diagnostic parameters of viral hepatitis is imperative in the liver transplantation arena. Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are among the most common categories of end-stage liver disease. The preoperative diagnosis, determination of recurrent infection, and the assessment of antiviral therapeutic efficacy are dependent on appropriate virological testing. Furthermore, liver transplant personnel are at a high risk for parenterally transmitted viral hepatitis infection. Knowledge and understanding of the serological patterns of acute and chronic viral hepatitis, as well as recognition of the immune status for one or more of these viruses, will facilitate prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis for these health care providers.
FDG-PET and CT in Evaluation of Chemotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

Abstract Purpose: To compare [ 18 F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans in assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: In a prospective clinical study, advanced head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a neoadjuvant organ preservation protocol and received CT and FDG-PET scans prior to and after 2 or 3 rounds of chemotherapy. All patients had prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy tissue biopsies within the tumor region. Patients were then classified as pathologic complete response (PCR) or residual disease (RD) based on biopsies. Analysis of the tumor activity, using FDG-PET, was performed using standardized uptake ratios (SUR) in the region of the primary tumor. Analysis of the tumor size, using contrast enhanced CT, was performed using measurements of the primary tumor in 3 dimensions. Results: Nineteen of the 28 patients with stage III and IV cancer of the head and neck enrolled between December 1994 and May 1996 completed the study. Three patients were PCR and had a mean SUR reduction of 82% by positron emission tomography (PET) and volume reduction of 80% by CT. Sixteen patients had RD after chemotherapy, their SUR and volume reductions were 32% and 41%, respectively. Reduction in SUR with PET was significant P = 0.01 . The mean tumor volume reduction by CT approached statistical significance P = 0.09 . There was a positive correlation between the percent reduction in tumor volume and SUR ( P Conclusion: FDG-PET and CT imaging are at least equivalent in correctly assessing tumor response to chemotherapy with a trend toward better performance by PET.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Novel Protein-tyrosine Kinase RAFTK during an Early Phase of Platelet Activation by an Integrin Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa-independent Mechanism

A key regulatory event controlling platelet activation is mediated through the phosphorylation of several cellular proteins by protein-tyrosine kinases. The related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK) is a novel cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and a member of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene family. FAK phosphorylation in platelets is integrin-dependent, occurs in a late stage of platelet activation, and is dependent on platelet aggregation. In this study, we have investigated the involvement of RAFTK phosphorylation during different stages of platelet activation. Treatment of platelets with thrombin induced, in as early as 10 s, a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of platelets with thrombin in the absence of stirring or pretreatment of platelets with RGDS peptide prevented platelet aggregation, but not RAFTK phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of RAFTK did not require integrin engagement since platelets treated with the 7E3 inhibitory antibodies that block fibrinogen binding to glycoprotein IIb-IIIa did not inhibit RAFTK phosphorylation. Similarly, platelets treated with LIBS6 antibodies, which specifically activate glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, did not induce RAFTK phosphorylation. Stimulation of platelets by several agonists such as collagen, ADP, epinephrine, and calcium ionophore A23187 induced RAFTK phosphorylation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK in platelets is regulated by calcium and is mediated through the protein kinase C pathway. Phosphorylation of RAFTK is dependent upon the formation of actin cytoskeleton as disruption of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D significantly inhibited this phosphorylation. The RAFTK protein appears to be proteolytically cleaved by calpain in an aggregation dependent manner upon thrombin stimulation. These results demonstrate that RAFTK is tyrosine-phosphorylated during an early phase of platelet activation by an integrin- independent mechanism and is not dependent on platelet aggregation, suggesting different mechanisms of regulation for FAK and RAFTK phosphorylation during platelet activation.
Bifunctional Surface Imprinting of Silica: Thermolytic Synthesis and Characterization of Discrete Thiol−Amine Functional Group Pairs

In this article we demonstrate the sub-nanometer patterning of mixed chemical functional groups consisting of thiol and primary amine functionality on the surface of silica and characterize the local organization of thiols and amines within these materials. Our approach has required the development of a synthetic method for the thermolytic imprinting of thiols based on a xanthate protection scheme, which enables bifunctional imprints containing carbamate and xanthate functionality to be condensed onto a silica surface and thermolytically deprotected in a single step. This imprinting process is demonstrated for the synthesis of bifunctional imprinted sites containing thiol−amine pairs and groups of two thiols and an amine per imprinted site, and is characterized using solid-state UV/Visible, 29Si CP/MAS NMR, and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopies. Independent titration of thiols with Ellman's reagent and amines with perchloric acid demonstrates that the bulk surface coverage of thiol and amine functionality ref...
A high resolution event timer Ada package for DOS environments

DOS provides real time clock functions with a resolution of 55 milliseconds. Unfortunately, this is not sufficient for many applications. By directly accessing the IBM PC hardware, however, one can theoretically develop a timing function with the same resolution of the system clock. Direct hardware access, however, is not without side effects. The following paper discusses the difficulties in achieving high resolution timings and provides a practical Ada solution.
Gamma-burst observations from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter

The LASL Pioneer Venus Orbiter Gamma Burst Detector (OGBD) is a vital element in the long base-line array of similar instruments intended to precisely locate sources of gamma-ray bursts. Results of early observations are described. The source of the gamma-ray burst of 5 March, 1979 (the first to be located with precision) has been determined to be consistent with the direction of supernova remnant N49 within the LMC. Approximate locations defined for a small number of events suggest no departure from an isotropic distribution.
A 16 × 16 pixel array detector for protein crystallography

Abstract A 2D pixel array detector prototype is being designed for static and time resolved protein crystallography. This pixel detector will significantly enhance time resolved laue protein crystallography by two or three orders of magnitude compared to existing sensors such as films or phosphor screens coupled to CCDs. The resolution in time and dynamic range of this type of detector will allow to study structural changes that occur within the protein as a function of time (concurrent readout and acquisition). The prototype consists of an array of 16 × 16 pixels of 150 × 150 μ m 2 size. The individual pixel processor consists of a low-noise amplifier shaper followed by a differential threshold comparator which provides the counting of individual photons with energies above a programmable threshold. To accommodate the very high rates, above 5 × 10 8 /cm 2 /s, each pixel processor has a 3 bit pre-scaler which divides the event rate by 8. Overflow from the divider which defines a pseudo fourth bit will generate a readout sequence providing the pixel address. Addresses, generated locally as quantified analog signals, will be used to increment a location in an histogramming memory from which the computerized image of the Laue diagram will be generated.
Exaptation of an ancient Alu short interspersed element provides a highly conserved vitamin D-mediated innate immune response in humans and primates

Background About 45% of the human genome is comprised of mobile transposable elements or "junk DNA". The exaptation or co-option of these elements to provide important cellular functions is hypothesized to have played a powerful force in evolution; however, proven examples are rare. An ancient primate-specific Alu short interspersed element (SINE) put the human CAMP gene under the regulation of the vitamin D pathway by providing a perfect vitamin D receptor binding element (VDRE) in its promoter. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway may be a key component of a novel innate immune response of human to infection. The lack of evolutionary conservation in non-primate mammals suggested that this is a primate-specific adaptation. Evidence for evolutionary conservation of this regulation in additional primate lineages would provide strong evidence that the TLR2/1-vitamin D-cathelicidin pathway evolved as a biologically important immune response mechanism protecting human and non-human primates against infection.
Metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Bile was collected 7 days after treating rainbow trout with 1 ppb [ 3 H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF). HPLC analysis of methylated extracts of this bile, before and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase, revealed that the major metabolite was the glucuronide conjugate of 4-OH-2,3,7,8-TCDF, which amounted to 38% of the TCDF-derived radioactivity in bile. In order to examine the inherent capability of trout liver to metabolize this compound under defined conditions, [ 3 H]TCDF was incubated with freshly isolated hepatocytes prepared from rainbow trout pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (an inducer of liver monooxygenase enzymes). The maximum (initial) metabolism observed was 20 pmol TCDF equiv/mg dry wt in 30 min. Extraction and HPLC analysis of cells and medium revealed one major metabolite: 4-OH-2,3,7,8-TCDF.
Mechanisms of apoptosis sensitivity and resistance to the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 in acute myeloid leukemia

BCL-2 proteins are critical for cell survival and are overexpressed in many tumors. ABT-737 is a small-molecule BH3 mimetic that exhibits single-agent activity against lymphoma and small-cell lung cancer in preclinical studies. We here report that ABT-737 effectively kills acute myeloid leukemia blast, progenitor, and stem cells without affecting normal hematopoietic cells. ABT-737 induced the disruption of the BCL-2/BAX complex and BAK-dependent but BIM-independent activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In cells with phosphorylated BCL-2 or increased MCL-1, ABT-737 was inactive. Inhibition of BCL-2 phosphorylation and reduction of MCL-1 expression restored sensitivity to ABT-737. These data suggest that ABT-737 could be a highly effective antileukemia agent when the mechanisms of resistance identified here are considered.
Laser driven attosecond SASE X-ray FEL

Abstract Modern lasers with emission wavelengths ∼1 μm can be used as electromagnetic wigglers and have sufficient output power to obtain wiggler parameters K (normalized vector potential) close to unity. With this kind of wiggler, in order to make a 10-keV X-ray SASE FEL, electron beam energies of ∼25 MeV are sufficient. In this presentation, scaling laws for the operation of FELs will be discussed. Using these scaling laws, requirements for electron sources will be obtained. The required electron beams must be about six orders of magnitude brighter than those available with existing sources. We propose a novel source based on vacuum laser pondermotive acceleration that will produce an electron beam meeting these requirements. This opens up a realistic possibility of realizing the dream of a “table top” X-ray SASE FEL.
The analysis of national cadre politics

Almost every discussion of nationality policy in the USSR touches on cadre development by comparing the role of non-Russians to that of Russians in various political, economic, scientific, or other positions, yet such analysis involves numerous unresolved conceptual and methodological problems. Different authors emphasize different aspects and approaches, consequently they often reach different conclusions. What are these problems and what are possible solutions? This paper outlines some preliminary points as a basis for discussion. It focuses on party cadres, since the influence of non-Russians within the CPSU is the core question of ethnopolitics in the USSR. When citing specific data, emphasis is placed on comparing the Baltic and Central Asian regions, since this allows distinguishing problems that are union-wide from those that are regional. It is known that we lack much crucial information about party membership by nationality within republics, for example but I would like to leave pure data problems aside for the time being. The difficulties analysts of ethnic cadre politics face are not just those of adequate data. More important are conceptual problems and the need to clarify underlying assumptions. This is not to criticize the impressive existing body of writing on nationality issues; on the contrary, the existing literature forms the basis for a systematic discussion of the principal questions. Analysts have to deal with the following nine points: 1. Is the focus on the party elite or the entire membership? The traditional approach has been to focus on the higher party organs such as the Politburo, Secretariat, and Central Committee, the assumption being that they are the centers of power. Other studies have focused on aggregate membership data, implicitly assuming that all party members play a political role. It is striking that there are no attempts to discuss nationality as it relates to the professional party apparat 2. Is the focus on individual republics or the entire Soviet Union? Politically, this makes a great difference. Clearly, the central party organization is at the core of political decision-making and power, but for many purposes events at the republic level are more important to individual citizens and
Channel normalization using pole-filtered cepstral mean subtraction

In this paper, we introduce a new methodology called Pole Filtering to remove the residual effects of speech from the cepstral mean channel estimate, for extracting features robust to transmission channel degradations. The approach is based on filtering the eigenmodes of speech that are more susceptible to convolutional distortions caused by transmission channels. Poles and their corresponding eigenmodes for a frame of speech are investigated when there is a channel mismatch for speaker identification systems. Linear Predictive (LP) cepstra of speech has been found to be a useful feature set for recognition systems. The relation between the LP cepstral coefficients and eigenmodes of speech has been exploited to develop a robust feature set. In this paper an algorithm based on Pole-filtering has been developed to improve the cepstral features for channel normalization. Experiments are presented in speaker identification using speech in the TIMIT database processed through a telephone channel simulator and on the San Diego portion of the KING database. The technique is shown to offer improved recognition accuracy under cross channel scenarios when compared to conventional methods.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Does Interlimb Knee Symmetry Exist After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has long been a treatment option for patients with disease limited primarily to one compartment with small, correctable deformities. However, some surgeons presume that normal kinematics of a lateral compartment UKA are difficult to achieve. Furthermore, it is unclear whether UKA restores normal knee kinematics and interlimb symmetry.
The influence of collection facility attributes on household collection rates of electronic waste: The case of televisions and computer monitors

Abstract In the US, household electronic waste collected for recycling is primarily by voluntary drop-off at designated collection facilities. This study examines the influence of specific collection facility attributes (recycling fees charged, number of days open, and driving distance) on the household collection rate of e-waste in the US state of Maine. Data were collected for household computer monitor and television collection for 92 municipal waste transfer facilities representing 30% of the state's population for one year. Results suggest that recycling fees are negatively correlated with the number of televisions and computer monitors collected; furthermore, the more frequently facilities were open, the more televisions and computer monitors were collected per capita. The distance from the facility had no correlation, which prompted an analysis of whether the existence of a curbside collection system in the municipality was influential. Results show a negative correlation between computer monitor and television collection and a municipality having recycling (but not e-waste) curbside collection. Based on the results of this study, policymakers may be able to increase the collection rate of household e-waste by eliminating or lowering recycling fees, expanding collection days and hours to increase convenience, and/or considering curbside collection of e-waste.
Integration of pain score and morphine consumption in analgesic clinical studies.

Abstract In pain clinical trials, the rescue analgesic medication such as patient-controlled analgesia morphine is often made available for patients for breakthrough pain. The patient-controlled analgesia morphine usage decreases the study agent's effect on pain relative to placebo and introduces greater variability in attainment of pain scores. For assessment of analgesic efficacy, the isolated statistical analysis of pain score or morphine consumption as a surrogate marker for pain not only loses statistical efficiency but also may incur increased false-positive findings because of multiple testing. The aim of this article is to review the research to date for choices of statistical tests for pain or morphine consumption outcome, with a focus on systematically evaluating a means for collective analgesic assessment of pain and morphine consumption using an integrated outcome. A case example is illustrated for data visualization, statistical comparison, and effect size estimation using the new endpoint. Some implications for clinical practice and further research are discussed. Perspective This article provides statistical evidence to conclude that an integrated outcome of pain score and morphine consumption provides an efficient means for integrated analgesic assessment.
Language and national character

(1954). Language and national character. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 393-400.
TOLL-DESIGN PROBLEM WITH STOCHASTIC ROUTE CHOICE

Congestion pricing has been regarded as an effective method of reducing network-wide travel cost. Previous work on the toll-design problem focused on the deterministic case, that is, it is assumed that travelers have perfect information on the cost of traveling on every route of the network and they always choose the one with the least cost. Limited literature is available on the stochastic case and most of it is focused on marginal social cost pricing with the underlying assumption that all links can be tolled. In this study, a toll-design problem based on stochastic route-choice behavior for multiple user groups is presented under a more realistic context - only a subset of links can be tolled. The methodology is tested with real-world network data. The performance of various algorithms is also discussed. (A)
Systematic generation of all nonequivalent closest-packed stacking sequences of length N using group theory

In the paper by Thompson & Downs (2001) the last line in Table 1 is missing. The correct table is reprinted here.The two nonequivalent sequences for N = 4 and their symmetrical equivalentsABABABACACACABCBBABAACABBCBCACBCCACABABCCBCBBACABCBABCACCACBCABACBCACBAB
An analytical model for the Neighbor Turn Taking MAC protocol

The neighbor turn taking (NTT) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is a loosely scheduled MAC, whose intended purpose is for use in wireless ad hoc networking environments where the node mobility is low. This protocol has been previously shown via simulation to perform better than IEEE 802.11 in terms of end-to-end packet latency and rate of successfully transmitted packets under saturated conditions. In this paper, we present an analytical model of the NTT MAC based upon the Bianchi station model of 802.11psilas Distributed Coordination Function to further support the claims of previous work. When comparing the analytical model developed for the NTT MAC protocol with that of 802.11, significant improvements in access delay and the probability of successful packet transmission are shown, which will ultimately provide energy savings, while attaining a per node throughput that is consistent with 802.11.
Crop traits for water stress tolerance

Cultivars vary considerably in how they respond to moisture stress throughout crop development. In areas of the Pacific Northwest with less than 250 mm of annual rainfall, win ter wheat is under moisture stress most of the time from planting to harvest. Cultivars must be ab le to absorb moisture, germinate, and emerge under high temperature, poor seed zone moisture, and deep seed cover. Moisture stress slows emergence and seedling development and reduces most yield components, including number of tillers, seeds per spike, seeds per unit area, seed size, and seed weight per unit volume. Additionally, leaf senescence and maturity are earfy under moisture stress conditions. A cultivar cannot obtain its potential yield with less than adequate moisture; therefore, under moisture stress fewer tillers and seeds are produced. Which plant structures are reduced is determined by the growth stage of the plant during stress, while the extent of this reduction is determined by the severity of moisture stress and the genotype of the cultivar.
Late Permian palynomorphs from the Buckley Formation, central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Abstract Thirty species of dispersed plant microfossils were recovered from Glossopteris -bearing shales and coals of the Buckley Formation (Permian) on Mount Achernar in the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Palynoassemblages of variable diversity, thermal maturity and preservation were also recovered from other Buckley outcrops at Mount Picciotto, Mount Sirius and Coalsack Bluff. Although Jurassic volcanic activity in the region thermally altered all palynomorphs, they could usually be sufficiently cleared with Schulze's Solution for photomicrography and identification. Recovered taxa, some of which suggest a Late Permian age (equivalent to Australian Stage 5) for the section, include: Didecitriletes ericianus, Lophotriletes novicus, Marsupipollenites triradiatus, Praecolpatites sinuosus , Retusotriletes nigritellus, Protohaploxypinus amplus, P. limpidus, P. microcorpus, P. samoilovichii, Striatopodocarpites fusus, S. cancellatus and S. gondwanensis . These taxa provide the first palynological evidence supporting correlation of this part of the Buckley Formation with previously published Late Permian assemblages from the Nilsen Plateau, Ohio Range and Prince Charles Mountains in Antarctica.
Using Citizen Surveys to Produce Information on the Police: The Present and Potential Uses of the National Crime Victimization Survey

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a major source of nationally representative data on crime and the response to crime in the United States. The survey's potential to add to our understanding of crime and criminal justice issues has not been fully exploited, however. One of the areas where more effective use could be made of the information gathered by the survey is policing. This paper suggests how the NCVS can more fully realize its potential for informing issues pertaining to the police.
Generalized rates of transfer in open systems of pools in the steady state.

Previous analyses of tracer experiments, based on models consisting of a discrete number of pools, provided formulae to calculate rates of transfer of material between 2 directly communicating pools. The validity of the calculation of these and of other rates from tracer data appeared to depend upon the number and arrangement of the pools in the system. Furthermore, no formulae were available for calculating rates of transfer of material between pools which do not communicate directly. The present analysis, which applies to open systems in the steady state, presents a formal solution for these difficulties by demonstrating that rates of transfer between selected pools in the system (the primary pools) can be calculated from tracer data obtained only from these pools, regardless of the other pools in the system (the secondary pools). Other parameters, such as the fraction of a pool converted to another (the p factor) or the fraction of a pool which derives from material transferred from another (the Δ fact...
Robust segmentation using parametric and nonparametric local spatial posteriors

In this paper, joint conditional probability is localized to better capture the local properties of a neighborhood for image segmentation. A new local spatial likelihood is defined for a neighborhood, which gives rise to local spatial posterior associated with the defined local prior. The proposed method associates a novel nonparametric approach for estimating the underlying distributions and is compared with a parametric approach. Both approaches segment images by maximizing the local spatial posterior function. The results indicate that the spatially localized posterior function overcomes the inherent errors of general posterior function and gives remarkable robustness against heavy noises.
THE STIMULATION OF NON-SPECIFIC HOST RESISTANCE TO INFECTION BY CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ENDOTOXIN

An acetylated derivative prepared from Salmonella typhosa O-901 endotoxin has been found to retain the ability to stimulate non-specific host resistance to a variety of bacterial infections. Relative to the parent endotoxin, the derivative has been reduced in the gross in its pyrogenicity to rabbits and lethality to mice. With the use of this chemically modified preparation under a variety of conditions, the direct dissociation of the toxic properties of endotoxin from its protective capacity appears evident. In young male mice, the endotoxin and its derivative produced a leucocytosis but no leucopenia. However, no direct correlation could be found with the level of the peripheral white blood cells and resistance to infection with Escherichia coli. Furthermore, under the conditions employed, passive transfer of early resistance to infection by serum or plasma was not detectable.
Photochlorination of methane in a two-zone photoreactor

Reacteur divise sur deux zones de fonctionnement par une grille de teflon. Etude experimentale montrant que la selectivite de la reaction peut etre fortement affectee par ce mode operatoire. Le rendement du reacteur est fortement affecte par la longueur de l'avant-chambre et le debit
Design and Performance of Statistical Process Control Charts Applied to Estrous Detection Efficiency

Statistical process control (SPC) charts to monitor production processes have not been widely used in dairy management. Shewhart and cumulative sum (cusum) control charts were designed to determine true changes in estrous detection efficiency (EDE) amidst normal variation in dairy cattle. A stochastic simulation model was used to track performance over time of individual cows in herds of 100 and 1000 cows. Estrous detection ratios (EDR), calculated as observed estruses divided by estimated estrous days (in periods of 1 to 60 d), were used to monitor EDE. Control charts for EDR, using normal and binomial distributions, were designed at 0.65 EDE for both herd sizes; then EDE was set to 0.65 (no change), 0.55, 0.45, or 0.35 and average days to the first detection signal (ATS) in 400 runs was determined. Observed ATS at 0.65 EDE could differ from the target ATS, depending on the SPC chart design and estimated proportions of estrous days for inseminated cows. Observed ATS were shorter for larger changes in EDE and for the 1000-cow herd. Observed ATS for a change to 0.55 EDE were approximately 300 d (100 cows) or 60 d (1000 cows) with the cusum charts. For a change to 0.35 EDE, observed ATS were approximately 50 d (100 cows) and approximately 11 d (1000 cows). Shewhart charts performed similarly or took longer to signal changes depending on period length. Observed ATS on cusum charts were much longer than minimum when non-optimal reference values were used in the design. Observed ATS were also longer when SPC charts were designed with a longer target ATS and change in EDE was small. Control charts using normal and binomial distributions generally performed similarly. Statistical process control charts detected changes in estrous detection efficiency soon enough to be potentially useful in dairy management.
When national territory is home to the global: old borders to novel borderings

One angle into the question of national territory, at a time of global and digital capabilities, is the border. It is one of the critical national institutions that those capabilities can unsettle and even neutralise. Borders, in turn, bring up the national state as the key historic actor shaped partly by the struggle about and institutionalising of territorial borders. The globalisation of a broad range of processes is producing ruptures in the mosaic of border regimes underlying the international system of exclusive territorial demarcations. There is much disagreement about the effect of these global and digital capabilities on state territorial jurisdictions, with some seeing much and others little real change. 1 But both sides of the debate tend to share one assumption, often implicit: the territorial exclusivity of the nation-state which makes of the border a line that divides the national and the global into two mutually exclusive domains. And yet, the changes under way are shifting the meaning of borders, even when the actual geographic lines that demarcate territories have not been altered. Perhaps more importantly, these changes are contributing to the formation of new types of borders. Such changed meanings and new types of borders make legible the fact that bordering takes place in far more sites than geographic borderlines and their linked institutions, such as consulates and airport immigration controls. And they make legible the extent of state capture in the historiography and geography covering the geopolitics of the last two centuries, an issue that has received considerable attention in the last few years. 2 The organising argument in this article is that we are seeing the incipient formation of a type of bordering capability and state practice regarding its territory that entail a partial denationalising of what has been constructed historically as national and hence an unsettling of the meaning of geographic borders. Critical to this argument is the thesis that global processes also take place at subnational levels, 3 hereby disrupting the notion of mutually exclusive domains for the national and the global. Much attention in the scholarship has gone to the loss of functions by states to supranational, global and private entities. 4 Much less attention has gone to the thesis that state territorial authority is being affected
Ethnic Identity During War The Case of German American Societies During World War I

Social, economic, and political transformations have traditionally complicated the balance between individual liberties and common good (or national needs). In times of war this balance appears more fragile and—given the role of philanthropy in the formation of identities—philanthropic studies as a field should pay more attention to these dynamics. Accordingly, in this article, the author investigates the impact of World War 1 on the German-American community. Through the historical case study of one German-American voluntary association based in Indianapolis, the author dismisses both ethnic disappearance and ethnic survival theories. In contrast, the author proposes a more nuanced approach to the processes of assimilation of minority groups. The author contends that German-Americans did not lose the battle for survival but for pluralism and suggests that in times of economic as well as social transformations homogenizing forces tend to silence alternative voices in American society.