cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Cell Expression of Testican mRNA

By screening random cDNAs from a continuous vascular endothelial cell line, EA.hy926, we identified a 5 kb mRNA that is expressed at high levels by this human cell line and by an early passage umbilical vein endothelial cell line. It is detected at lower levels in certain stromal cell lines, but it is not detected in most other cell lines tested, indicating that it represents a differentially expressed function rather than a ubiquitous or housekeeping function. This mRNA was readily detected in samples derived from most human organs as might be expected for a gene expressed in the vascular wall. Sequencing of the 5 kb mRNA reveals its identity with 3.5 kb of previously published testis-derived cDNA sequence called testican (Alliel et al., 1993). Differential expression of this gene by endothelial cells contributes a new perspective on the potential function of testican.
An Exploration into Opinions and Personality

PSYCHOLOGIZING about politics has a long history. Doctrines of human nature figure in classics on political theory; the eloquent appeal in i908 by Graham Wallas for a revival of such interest was ultimately followed by the works of Merriam and Lasswell; the recent period is highlighted by Riesman's writings and the publication of The Authoritarian Personality-these latter works so prestigious that they alone have created an extensive literature of commentary. The present emphasis on the political behavior approach and the universal use of public opinion data and method today give psychological analysis a central place in current work. What does the publication of Opinions and Personality add to the picture? The authors state in their prefatory remarks that their work is in the service of discovery, rather than proof. They sought to develop a coherent framework for conceptualizing the relations between opinions and personality which then guided their methodology and empirical investigation and in turn led to improvements in conceptualization. It was hoped that such a framework or conceptual apparatus and the methods employed could guide others in discovering and proving by systematic inquiry the manifold relations between opinions and personality. That they have rendered such a service well seems abundantly clear to this reader. Smith and Bruner are social psychologists with much training and practical experience in field research and public opinion surveys. Bruner has also been distinguished for experimental work in cognition, perception, and higher mental processes. Both have had long association with Harvard and the Psychological Clinic, at which a group of investigators under the inspiration of Henry Murray have been engaged in clinical studies of normal personality.1 Smith and Bruner and Robert
Sky Computing: When Multiple Clouds Become One

Summary form only given. The growing number of announced commercial and scientific clouds strongly suggests that in the near future these providers will be differentiated according to the types of their services, their cost, availability and quality. Users will be able to use these and other criteria to determine which clouds best suit their needs, a plausible scenario being the case when users need to aggregate capabilities provided by different clouds. In such scenarios it will be essential to provide virtual networking technologies that enable providers to support cross-cloud communication and users to deploy cross-cloud applications. This talk will describe one such technology, its salient features and remaining challenges. It will also put forward the idea of virtual clouds, i.e. providers of computing services overlaid on more than one cloud. A virtual cloud spans across multiple cloud providers and presents the view of a single logical cloud. Virtual clouds would enable high-level computing services to be provided by third parties who do not own physical resources, could be short or long-lived and highly dynamic. Enabling technologies, challenges and examples of sky computing will be presented.
Developmental and activity‐dependent regulation of ARMS/Kidins220 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Neurotrophin activation of Trk receptors elicits diverse effects on neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One of the central questions is how specificity is encoded in neurotrophin receptor signaling and actions. A unique downstream protein is the Ankyrin-Repeat Rich Membrane Spanning (ARMS)/Kinase D-interacting substrate-220 kDa (Kidins220), a very abundant scaffold protein in the hippocampus. To determine the roles of ARMS/Kidins220 in hippocampal neurons, we have analyzed the effects of synaptic activity upon the regulation and distribution of ARMS/Kidins220. At early times in vitro ( 12 DIV). Immunocytochemistry showed ARMS/Kidins220 to be concentrated at the tips of growing processes in immature cultures, and more diffusely distributed in older cultures. To examine the apparent inverse relationship between activity and ARMS/Kidins220 levels, neuronal firing was manipulated pharmacologically. Chronic exposure to TTX increased ARMS/Kidins220 levels, whereas bicuculline caused the opposite effect. Moreover, using shRNA to decrease ARMS/Kidins220 levels produced a corresponding increase in synaptic activity. We find that ARMS/Kidins220 may function in neuronal development as an indicator and potentially as a homeostatic regulator of overall synaptic strength in hippocampal neurons.
Diversity and Abundance of Uncultured Cytophaga-Like Bacteria in the Delaware Estuary

The Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group is known to be abundant in aquatic ecosystems and to have a potentially unique role in the utilization of organic material. However, relatively little is known about the diversity and abundance of uncultured members of this bacterial group, in part because they are underrepresented in clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes. To circumvent a suspected bias in PCR, a primer set was designed to amplify 16S rRNA genes from the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group and was used to construct a library of these genes from the Delaware Estuary. This library had several novel Cytophaga-like 16S rRNA genes, of which about 40% could be grouped together into two clusters (DE clusters 1 and 2) defined by sequences initially observed only in the Delaware library; the other 16S rRNA genes were classified into an additional four clades containing sequences from other environments. An oligonucleotide probe was designed for the cluster with the most clones (DE cluster 2) and was used in fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. Bacteria in DE cluster 2 accounted for about 10% of the total prokaryotic abundance in the Delaware Estuary and in a depth profile of the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean). The presence of DE cluster 2 in the Arctic Ocean was confirmed by results from 16S rRNA clone libraries. The contribution of this cluster to the total bacterial biomass is probably larger than is indicated by the abundance of its members, because the average cell volume of bacteria in DE cluster 2 was larger than those of other bacteria and prokaryotes in the Delaware Estuary and Chukchi Sea. DE cluster 2 may be one of the more abundant bacterial groups in the Delaware Estuary and possibly other marine environments.
Teaching in violent communities: The contribution of meaning made of stress on psychiatric distress and burnout.

Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CaliforniaTeachers in violent communities are at risk for breakdowns in global mean-ing, burnout, and a number of psychiatric consequences. Using a Spanishversion of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES-S), thisstudy provided a preliminary test of the instrument and examined the role ofmeaning made of a salient stressor among a sample of 257 teachers from ElSalvador who had experienced a variety of possible traumas and stressful lifeevents. Study participants completed a one-time questionnaire with theISLES-S, history of violence exposure and other background concerns, and anumber of related constructs from the positive psychology and spiritualityliteratures. Psychometric results indicted evidence of concurrent validity andsupported a two-factor structure for the ISLES-S with items loading on botha Comprehensibility factor (gauging meaning made via assimilative pro-cesses) and a Footing in the World factor (gauging meaning made viaaccommodative processes). In addition, when controlling for demographicfactors, violence exposure, and related constructs, teachers’ ability to make
What Ever Happened to Professionalism

If military operations research is to move beyond being mainly a hobby, to attain a state of true professionalism, a number of serious questions must be asked and the issues they raise must be resolved: To what extent can the outcomes of military models, simulations, and games MSG's be used to describe the real world of military operations and systems? How well are such models being used to inform and improve decisionmaking? How and by what procedures might these devices be made more effective, persuasive, and useful? What is the state of professionalism in this area? This article does not pretend to answer these questions, but does attempt to formulate them well enough so that answers are easier to find.
Identification and Characterization of a New Lipoprotein, NlpI, in Escherichia coli K-12

We report here the identification of a new lipoprotein, NlpI, in Escherichia coli K-12. The NlpI structural gene (nlpI) is located between the genes pnp (polynucleotide phosphorylase) and deaD (RNA helicase) at 71 min on the E. coli chromosome. The nlpI gene encodes a putative polypeptide of approximately 34 kDa, and multiple lines of evidence clearly demonstrate that NlpI is indeed a lipoprotein. An nlpI::cm mutation rendered growth of the cells osmotically sensitive, and incubation of the insertion mutant at an elevated temperature resulted in the formation of filaments. The altered phenotype of the mutant was a direct consequence of the mutation in nlpI, since it was complemented by the wild-type nlpI gene alone. Overexpression of the unaltered nlpI gene in wild-type cells resulted in the loss of the rod morphology and the formation of single prolate ellipsoids and pairs of prolate ellipsoids joined by partial constrictions. NlpI may be important for an as-yet-undefined step in the overall process of cell division.
Political Talk Over Here, Over There, Over Time

Data from Great Britain and the United States from the late 1950s to the early 1990s show relatively little change in the frequency with which citizens engage in political discussions, with whom they are likely to speak, and the variables that shape their propensity to engage in political talk. In addition, analyses of the data show that discussing politics enhances citizens' knowledge of public affairs, even net of other variables known to affect political knowledge. Students of political behaviour and those interested in strengthening democracy need to treat political discussions as an important form of political participation.
Support for Engaged Scholars: The Role of Mentoring Networks with Diverse Faculty

As internationalization initiatives on university campuses have increased in the past decade, the practice of mentoring diverse scholars has increased. In an exploratory study conducted at a doctoral/research-extensive university in the Midwest, researchers investigated the nature and functions of mentoring and the role of mentoring networks in nurturing the careers of engaged scholars in the teaching and human service professions. The twelve participants in the study self-identified as engaged scholars who (a) have been mentored within a mentoring network throughout their professional careers, and (b) are currently involved in mentoring diverse engaged scholars within mentoring networks. The study findings suggest the benefits of mentoring networks for diverse, engaged scholars and outline the nature of effective mentoring.
Ultra Narrowband Wireless Sensor Networks Modeling and Optimization

This thesis aims at modeling the low-throughput wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ultra-narrow-band technology. Such wireless network is already been deployed by Sigfox company and has proved to be ultra-efficient for the Internet of things (IoTs) applications thanks to its ability of point-to-point communication in terms of power efficiency and long range connectivity. In particular, this thesis gives some insights on the scalability of UNB technology for a multi-point-to-point network in an uplink scenario. The multiple access schemes based on random time and frequency selection are introduced and analyzed. Furthermore, the interference impact due to the lack of scheduling strategy at the MAC layer is studied and modeled. Our simplified model using rectangular function allows us not only to describe the aggregate interference power but also evaluate the system performance of such network in terms of the bit-error-rate and outage probability. Besides, the geometry stochastic is used for spatial node distribution in order to extend the simplified model in the realistic channel communication where the channel impairments are taken into account. Besides, the retransmission mechanism is considered for such network. This study argues an optimal number of retransmission. The network can be configured with a unique global parameter. Last but not least, this thesis highlights the fact that the UNB network using Random-FTDMA schemes is very relevant in a realistic network, especially for low-throughput applications, because it bypasses the high network cost, the cost of global synchronization but without loss of performance.
Proof Without Words: Construction of Two Lunes with Combined Area Equal to That of a Given Right Triangle

(1997). Proof Without Words: Construction of Two Lunes with Combined Area Equal to That of a Given Right Triangle. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 70, No. 5, pp. 380-380.
An adjoint-based multidisciplinary optimization framework for rotorcraft systems

A new architecture for multidisciplinary optimization of rotorcraft systems is presented and compared to those previously used. This architecture rearranges the inner loop (soft coupling between a high-fidelity aerodynamics and comprehensive structural dynamics), moving the expensive computational fluids analysis out. Continuous adjoint surface sensitivities and free-form geometric deformation are used for aerodynamic shape optimization with the corresponding surface sensitivities used to approximate small changes in the aerodynamic loading on the blade in a modified coupling procedure. The resulting framework allows for a lower-cost optimization process to be performed using only the comprehensive rotorcraft code with a large number of design variables. Preliminary results are presented for a single-blade model and future research directions are discussed.
The Relative Attraction of Burned and Cutover Pine Areas to the Pine Seedling Weevils Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus

A 6-month trapping program in burned and cutover pine areas helped to establish some facts about the effects of fire on activity of the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst), and the pitcheating weevil, Pachylobius picivorus (Germar). The pales weevil showed a positive preference for cutover areas, but if slash and debris are burned after logging, this provides a deterrent for this insect. However, both burned and cutover areas were attractive to the pitcheating weevil.
The Controversy Over Targeting Black Consumers in Cigarette Advertising: Racial/Ethnic and Ethical Issues

The controversy over targeting Black consumers in cigarette advertising is analyzed with respect to racial/ethnic and ethical issues. Emphasis is on clarifying the content and context of the controversy. The concept of "status vulnerability" is used to explain the unique basis for opposing the targeting of Blacks as well as women and youth in cigarette advertising. Sources of information include many types of publications and the journal literature in marketing, advertising and related fields. It is concluded that targeting in cigarette advertising can be effectively challenged when it is opposed on the basis of the status vulnerability of those being targeted along with the many related costs and other negative consequences of smoking.
Opium and the Maintenance of Imperial Rule: The Royal Commission on Opium and the Rationale for British Opium Policy in Burma

The Royal Commission on Opium collected evidence relating to the opium industry in Burma of a sort that is not found elsewhere: firsthand accounts and personal observations of the social context of opium consumption. As noted at the beginning of the previous chapter, the collected witness testimonies and final report of the Commission are rich material for analysis of the complex connection between imperialism and opium policy in colonial Burma. The preceding chapter has outlined the content of this Burmese evidence. This chapter will analyse its significance, as well as the Royal Commission’s final report. Drawing briefly upon a comparison with opium regulation in the Indian province of Assam, this chapter will conclude that the desire to control labour, notions about race, the necessity of maintaining a plausible rationale for British rule and Burma’s position in an imperial network all affected the peculiar course of British opium policy in late nineteenth century Burma. It will further argue that while each of these factors influenced the construction of colonial opium policy, the Commission’s final report indicates that ultimately at the end of the nineteenth century British policy makers designed their opium policy to ensure the continuance and stability of British rule in Burma.
Chapter 6 – High resolution NMR spectroscopy of polymers in solution

This chapter describes the NMR spectroscopy of polymers. It is an experimental study of the energy levels of certain atomic nuclei of molecules in a magnetic field. In a magnetic field, the magnetic properties of the nuclei dominate. Advances in solution NMR arise from the greater availability of high field instruments and fast computers with large memories. The higher applied magnetic field results in greater dispersion, so the resolution is higher and the information content is extended as long as the stereo and comonomer sequences are observed. The improved computers allow the complex computational problems associated with two-dimensional techniques to be overcome so that the multidimensional NMR techniques are available to the ordinary user. The spectral editing chapter of the first edition has been incorporated in this chapter. The special editing techniques described simplify and correlate the complex and multiline experimental NMR spectra. The resulting spectra are considerably easier to use and obtain the structural information. Progress in this field has been rapid as the NMR instrumentation, computer speed and capacity as well as software has improved.
Lactate Dehydrogenase as Safe Endpoint Cooking Indicator in Poultry Breast Rolls: Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Application to Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker protein for verifying endpoint cooking of uncured poultry products. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against chicken muscle LDH and used with rabbit polyclonal antibodies developed against turkey or chicken muscle LDH for capture and detection in the assay, respectively. Minimum assay detection limits for turkey and chicken muscle LDH were 1 ng/ml. Turkey and chicken muscle LDH, but not LDH from other species cross reacted in the ELISA. The ELISA was further verified using extracts of turkey breast rolls processed to internal temperatures between 68.3 and 72.1°C. The LDH content of extracts diluted 3- to 6-fold was below 15 ng/ml for turkey rolls processed to 70.9 and 72.1°C. At a 6-fold dilution, LDH content of extracts from rolls processed to 69.7°C was approximately 10 times greater than those processed to 70.9°C. A survey of market precooked poultry products indicated assay validity with precooked turkey roast, but not turkey hams with maximum internal temperature requirements of 68.3°C. Results suggested the sandwich ELISA should be applicable for determining whether turkey breast rolls are processed to the required U.S. Department of Agriculture endpoint temperature of 71.1°C.
Entr’acte Napoleon and the Political Culture of the French Revolution

No one better understood the new political culture created by the French Revolution than Napoleon. He knew that public opinion now ruled and he knew as well that he lacked the talents hitherto used to sway and shape that opinion. He was no orator, he instinctively distrusted democratic politics, and he could not tolerate freedom of the press or assembly. His task and his achievement was to find ways outside parliamentary and democratic politics to command obedience and move and manipulate men while retaining the appearance of a government that derived its authority from the people. His ritualized consultation of the Senate, his careful cultivation of public opinion through censorship, and his use of the army as a kind of idealized republic where authority prevailed but individual merit was celebrated and rewarded, were not wholly cynical. He retained throughout his years of power a predilection for the institutions and habits of the Revolution. Napoleon’s political originality was to have forged together the machinery of democratic government and the hierarchical authoritarianism of a military government. The weld was not made with precision but it held for 16 years, reinforced by several inventions of his own.
Potential Applications of Tetrahydropyrimidines to Address Unmet Needs

This chapter explores potential future uses of the tetrahydropyrimidine class to address unmet needs. These unmet needs are purely subjective and speculative, but serve to identify anthelmintic issues of animal nematode infections that might be addressed at the present time and in the future. The unmet needs include the use of pyrantel pamoate in an equine combination product to treat tapeworms and macrocyclic-lactone resistant ascarids and pinworms in horses.
Academic - Business Collaboration: A Market Failure

In this paper we consider the reasons for and the costs of limited collaboration between academic researchers and private sector firms. We focus, in particular, on one type of knowledge transfer between the two realms, namely, academic consulting to the private sector. We argue that academics do not understand the value their expertise, methodological approach and soft skills can have for industry. We also argue that industry actors are not fully aware that rigorous, evidence-based advice can be obtained from academics and that, in some cases, advice from academics will either exceed or compare favorably with services obtained from leading consulting companies. The paper is organized as follows: part I surveys the different forms that collaboration between academia and industry can take. Part II examines the empirical data on how much collaboration is actually happening. Part III explores the reasons for the broad disconnect between industry and academia. Parts IV and V argue that the lack of such collaboration results in missed opportunities for both academics and industry and thus constitutes a market failure. Part VI raises suggestions for increasing collaboration.
Dynamic Hazard Resolution for Pipelining Irregular Loops in High-Level Synthesis

Current pipelining approach in high-level synthesis (HLS) achieves high performance for applications with regular and statically analyzable memory access patterns. However, it cannot effectively handle infrequent data-dependent structural and data hazards because they are conservatively assumed to always occur in the synthesized pipeline. To enable high-throughput pipelining of irregular loops, we study the problem of augmenting HLS with application-specific dynamic hazard resolution, and examine its implications on scheduling and quality of results. We propose to generate an aggressive pipeline at compile-time while resolving hazards with memory port arbitration and squash-and-replay at run-time. Our experiments targeting a Xilinx FPGA demonstrate promising performance improvement across a suite of representative benchmarks.
An analysis of database caching policies

This research paper will examine how two different caching policies can affect the performance of inserting, reading, and deleting elements from a relational database management system (RDBMS) built using a B+ Tree. Each of the student co-authors independently developed their own RDBMS and testing protocol. This paper will at times present a unified description of their results. The basic observation that implementing a cache with various caching policies will cause it to outperform an RDBMS with no cache seems obvious. The less obvious observation and actual focus of this paper is that optimizations must be carefully monitored with accurate metrics, as it is possible to implement what clearly appear to be optimizations but when measured provide no actual performance improvement.
OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR SWITCHED POINT DELAY SYSTEMS WITH REFRACTORY PERIOD

Abstract The problem of optimal switching of a multi-mode time delay system is considered. The class of multi-mode systems consists of systems where the control variables are the switching times in a sequence of fixed vector fields. We assume that the systems considered all have a refractory period, in the sense that once an action is taken, it takes a non-infinitesimal amount of time before a subsequent action can be taken. Necessary conditions for a stationary solution are derived for systems with a single or commensurate delays, and shown to extend those of the delay free case in (Egerstedt et al. 2003).
Competition, Non-Patented Innovation, and Firm Value

This paper studies how competition impacts non-patented corporate innovation and firm value by exploiting adoptions of state anti-plug molding laws – laws that prohibit “unscrupulous” reverse engineering by competitors – and their subsequent invalidation by the U.S. Supreme Court. Firms decrease patenting activity following the laws’ adoptions while also showing increasing investment spending, profitability, and value. Value gains are larger for firms at greater risk of imitation, and that are more innovative. After the laws are overturned, firms reinitiate patenting whereas prior investment spending, profitability, and value gains dissipate. These results suggest that more intense product market competition disincentivizes value-enhancing corporate innovation.
Abstract 33: Instrumental Variables Regression to Account for Bias in Associations Between the Food Environment and Diet Quality in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Introduction: Although observational evidence suggests that the food environment is associated with diet behaviors, the literature is inconsistent. Most studies ignore potential bias due to healthi...
Enzymatic reconstitution of ribosomal peptide backbone thioamidation

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is an essential enzyme found strictly in methanogenic and methanotrophic archaea. MCR catalyzes a reversible reaction involved in the production and consumption of the potent greenhouse gas methane. The α-subunit of this enzyme (McrA) contains several unusual posttranslational modifications, including the only known naturally occurring example of protein thioamidation. We have recently demonstrated by genetic deletion and mass spectrometry that the tfuA and ycaO genes of Methanosarcina acetivorans are involved in thioamidation of Gly465 in the MCR active site. Modification to thioGly has been postulated to stabilize the active site structure of MCR. Herein, we report the in vitro reconstitution of ribosomal peptide thioamidation using heterologously expressed and purified YcaO and TfuA proteins from M. acetivorans . Like other reported YcaO proteins, this reaction is ATP-dependent but requires an external sulfide source. We also reconstitute the thioamidation activity of two TfuA-independent YcaOs from the hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaea Methanopyrus kandleri and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii . Using these proteins, we demonstrate the basis for substrate recognition and regioselectivity of thioamide formation based on extensive mutagenesis, biochemical, and binding studies. Finally, we report nucleotide-free and nucleotide-bound crystal structures for the YcaO proteins from M. kandleri . Sequence and structure-guided mutagenesis with subsequent biochemical evaluation have allowed us to assign roles for residues involved in thioamidation and confirm that the reaction proceeds via backbone O -phosphorylation. These data assign a new biochemical reaction to the YcaO superfamily and paves the way for further characterization of additional peptide backbone posttranslational modifications.
Alpha lipoic acid as a novel therapeutic approach to cystinuria

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cystinuria is a rare form of kidney stone disease inherited through mutations in the cystine transporter genes SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. Patients suffer from frequent and painful ren...
Suppression of canine antral gastrin secretion by urine.

Abstract Distention of the gastric antrum with an alkaline fluid normally results in the secretion of gastrin. Following gastrocystoplasty in humans, however, hypergastrinemia has not been observed. We explored the possibility that a component of urine may suppress antral gastrin activity in the dog. Partial cystectomy and antral transposition to the bladder (ATB) was performed in five animals and antral transposition to the colon (ATC) was performed in five other dogs to serve as a hypergastrinemic controls. At four and eight weeks after surgery the mean serum gastrin levels in the ATC dogs were significantly greater than the mean preoperative levels (p
Heavy Electron Behavior in the System UPd2−XAuXSn (0 ≤ x ≤2)

New interest in the family of Heusler alloys (cubic L21 structure)has been generated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in several of its members such as RPd2Sn (R = Sc, Y, Tm, Yb, Lu), 1 YPd2M (M = Pb, In, Sb)2 as well as coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in YbPd2Sn.1,2 Previously, we reported that the compound UPd2Sn, which crystallizes in a more complicated structure expected to be ortho rhombic, exhibits interesting heavy-electron properties.3 In particular, UPd2Sn has an electronic specific heat coefficient γ of ∼80 mJ/mole U−K2 and seems to behave like a Fermi liquid below 10 K as confirmed by the low temperature T2 dependence of its electrical resistivity, the deviation of its magnetic susceptibility from a Curie-Weiss law below 10 K, and by a maximum at 10 K in the U-5f electronic specific heat δC/T vs T curve. The compound UPd2Sn was compared, with respect to the Kondo lattice coherence regime, to materials like CeAl3, CeCu2Si2 and CeCu4Al8. In this work, we report on the effects of chemical substitution in UPd2Sn by studying the crystal structure and the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ(T), the magnetic susceptibility χ(T) and the specific heat C(T) of the series UPd2−xAuX Sn (0 ≤ x ≤ 2).
Sentence Encoders on STILTs: Supplementary Training on Intermediate Labeled-data Tasks

Pretraining sentence encoders with language modeling and related unsupervised tasks has recently been shown to be very effective for language understanding tasks. By supplementing language model-style pretraining with further training on data-rich supervised tasks, such as natural language inference, we obtain additional performance improvements on the GLUE benchmark. Applying supplementary training on BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), we attain a GLUE score of 81.8---the state of the art (as of 02/24/2019) and a 1.4 point improvement over BERT. We also observe reduced variance across random restarts in this setting. Our approach yields similar improvements when applied to ELMo (Peters et al., 2018a) and Radford et al. (2018)'s model. In addition, the benefits of supplementary training are particularly pronounced in data-constrained regimes, as we show in experiments with artificially limited training data.
On Affect: Function and Phenomenology

This paper explores the nature of emotions by considering what appear to be two differing, perhaps even conflicting, approaches to affectivity—an evolutionary functional account, on the one hand, and a phenomenological view, on the other. The paper argues for the centrality of the notion of function in both approaches, articulates key differences between them, and attempts to understand how such differences can be overcome.
New Daily Persistent Headache: a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Odyssey

New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a rare primary headache disorder, which often has a refractory clinical course. This narrative review seeks to highlight what is known about the development of NDPH, to outline a diagnostic approach to a patient with new daily headache, and to explore management considerations and potential future therapies for patients diagnosed with NDPH. Interval work at the level of case series and cohort studies has identified novel triggering factors (e.g., Valsalva), subgroups with unique temporal profiles (e.g., thunderclap onset), psychophysical profiles (e.g., increased pain catastrophizing), and potential treatment options. The approach to the diagnosis and treatment of NDPH remains individualized, driven by clinical features and challenging in most cases. Earlier identification of patients (e.g., prediction of patients with status migrainosus destined to develop NDPH) may allow for more effective treatment.
Coordinating Elder Abuse Prevention and Treatment Across Organizations in the USA

Issues related to elder abuse, including research, prevention, and treatment are addressed in the USA by several federal agencies, at the state level, and in over 3000 counties across the 50 states. Numerous nonprofit and professional organizations work to provide information and services designed to prevent elder abuse and to assist the victims. Although each organization plays an important role, minimal levels of funding restrict what can be accomplished. There is limited coordination across agencies, and accordingly there are gaps and duplication of efforts. In 2011, the US Government Accountability Office issued a report entitled: “Stronger Federal Leadership Could Enhance National Response to Elder Abuse”. Most states in the USA have mandatory reporting laws, which require such entities as banks or physicians to report instances of abuse to an official agency or to the police. Federal agencies involved in elder abuse issues include the Administration on Aging, which funds the National Center on Elder Abuse and sponsors other programs and seminars, and the National Institute of Justice which is interested in the extent to which elder abuse represents criminal activity and funds several research projects. The Center for Disease Control publishes a fact sheet and reports on the topic. The Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program under the Department of Health and Human Services responds to the issues of alleged abuse in nursing homes and inspects nursing homes on a regular basis. Among private nonprofit agencies, the National Committee for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (NCPEA) unites researchers, practitioners, educators, and advocates to work toward preventing elder abuse. Virtually, every county in the USA has an adult protective services agency, which takes reports of elder abuse and investigates them. Many of these county level agencies belong to a national organization, the National Adult Protective Services Association. This chapter describes the activities of these various organizational entities, both federal and nonfederal, and discusses the extent to which the GAO report has been influential in guiding current activities in the field.
Visual detection of bacterial DNA using activated paper stripe

A rapid and accurate detection of pathogens is essential for bedside or on-site diagnosis. Filter paper is an ideal diagnostic tool as it requires no equipment, possesses a high surface-area-to-volume ratio and a high capacity of capillary force. The functionalization of the surface of cellulose filter paper was explored by using glutaric anhydride, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The activated surface systems enable aminated DNA to be immobilized on the surface of filter paper. Both synthetic oligonucleotides and bacterial genomic DNA of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni were detected successfully. The system produces a clear, consistent and highly visible brown signal within 1–5 min. The digital image can also be analyzed quantitatively due to the brown color resulting from the presence of magnetic beads. Bacterial DNA detection was accomplished by using 16S rDNA probe on the activated paper surface for universal bacterial diagnosis. The method is stable and repeatable. It can detect at least 0.5 pmol of a 120-base synthetic oligonucleotide per assay and 5–10 ng of bacterial DNA per assay.
Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Distal Third Tibia

Wounds in the distal third of the tibia can be considered the most challenging for reconstruction and lower extremity salvage. This “no man’s land” provides very limited local reconstructive options because of its paucity of soft tissue laxity and redundancy. To this end, most reconstructive surgeons view distal-third injuries as requiring free tissue transfer for adequate soft tissue reconstruction. In limited circumstances, however, there are several viable options for local, pedicled soft tissue reconstruction in the distal third. These include the reverse sural artery flap, bipedicled flaps, propeller perforator flaps, and keystone flaps.
Unsupervised mmWave Beamforming via Autoencoders

We provide unsupervised machine learning (ML) schemes based on autoencoders for unconstrained beamforming (BF) and hybrid BF in millimeter-waves (mmWaves). An autoencoder is a powerful unsupervised ML model, and it is used to reconstruct the input with a minimal error by finding a low-dimensional representation of the input. In this paper, we present a linear autoencoder for finding the beamformers at the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), which maximize the achieved rates over the mmWave channel. Since the autoencoder has a close relationship with the singular value decomposition (SVD), we first study autoencoders for unconstrained BF based on SVD. In hybrid BF, beamformers are designed by using finite-precision phase shifters in the radio frequency (RF) domain along with power constraints. Therefore, we propose a hybrid BF algorithm based on autoencoders, which incorporates these constraints. We present our simulation results for both unconstrained BF as well as hybrid BF, and compare their performance with state-of-the-art. By using the stochastic and NYUSIM channel models, we achieve 30 - 40% and 60 - 70% gains in rates with the proposed autoencoder based approach compared to the supervised hybrid BF with the stochastic and NYUSIM channel models, respectively.
Octave Bandwidth Metasurface Lens

We report and experimentally demonstrate polarization-independent fishnet-achromatic-metalenses with measured average efficiencies over 70% in the continuous band from the visible (640 nm) to the infrared (1200 run).
Experimental reaction rates constrain estimates of ozone response to calcium carbonate geoengineering

Stratospheric solar geoengineering (SG) would impact ozone by heterogeneous chemistry. Evaluating these risks and methods to reduce them will require both laboratory and modeling work. Prior model-only work showed that CaCO3 particles would reduce, or even reverse ozone depletion. We reduce uncertainties in ozone response to CaCO3 via experimental determination of uptake coefficients and model evaluation. Specifically, we measure uptake coefficients of HCl and HNO3 on CaCO3 as well as HNO3 and ClONO2 on CaCl2 at stratospheric temperatures using a flow tube setup and a flask experiment that determines cumulative long-term uptake of HCl on CaCO3. We find that particle ageing causes significant decreases in uptake coefficients on CaCO3. We model ozone response incorporating the experimental uptake coefficients in the AER-2D model. With our new empirical reaction model, the global mean ozone column is reduced by up to 3%, whereas the previous work predicted up to 27% increase for the same SG scenario. This result is robust under our experimental uncertainty and many other assumptions. We outline systematic uncertainties that remain and provide three examples of experiments that might further reduce uncertainties of CaCO3 SG. Finally, we highlight the importance of the link between experiments and models in studies of SG. Stratospheric solar geoengineering using calcium carbonate particles might have little impact on ozone, according to simulations with an atmospheric chemistry model using experimental reaction rates.
Generating Comprehensive Data with Protocol Fuzzing for Applying Deep Learning to Detect Network Attacks.

Network attacks have become a major security concern for organizations worldwide and have also drawn attention in the academics. Recently, researchers have applied neural networks to detect network attacks with network logs. However, public network data sets have major drawbacks such as limited data sample variations and unbalanced data with respect to malicious and benign samples. In this paper, we present a new approach, protocol fuzzing, to automatically generate high-quality network data, on which deep learning models can be trained. Our findings show that fuzzing generates data samples that cover real-world data and deep learning models trained with fuzzed data can successfully detect real network attacks.
Low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant supermarket refrigeration system modeling and its application.

Abstract As an environmentally friendly low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant, Carbon dioxide (CO2) has continuously gained popularity and research attention as alternative refrigerant for supermarket refrigeration system. In this paper, to fulfill the increasing need of accurate Low-GWP supermarket refrigeration models for development of supervisory level control and optimization strategies, a high fidelity model is developed for CO2 transcritical supermarket refrigeration system which includes compressor rack of low temperature (LT) compressors and medium temperature (MT) compressors, air-cooled gas cooler, evaporator, expansion valves and other auxiliary equipment. A resistance-capacity model structure is proposed to simulate the display cases. Semi-thermodynamic models are proposed to estimate reciprocating compressors volumetric efficiency and power consumption. The zone modeling approach is used for evaporator simulation, and air-cooled gas cooler is modeled with distributed modeling method. The expansion valve simulation is based on orifice flow model. To calibrate these models, both manufacture performance data and experimental data are used. The experiments are conducted with a full instrumental CO2 supermarket refrigeration system installed in Oak Ridge National Lab Flexible Research Platform (FRP). The simulation model can predict the system performance, including power consumption, cooling capacity, mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure, with high accuracy (within ±4%) compared to experimental data. In addition, this developed model has been used to create the system optimum high side pressure for high side expansion valve control, and to generate wide operating range simulation data for developing the batter-equivalent commercial refrigeration system model which can be used in grid interactive control development.
Endovascular stent graft repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms.

UNLABELLED Aneurysmal disease of the thoracic aorta continues to present vexing challenges to the aortic surgeon. Not only does the incidence of the disease seem to be increasing, but the older population also harbors more comorbidities. In an effort to reduce the perioperative mortality and morbidity, surgeons and interventional radiologists at Stanford University Medical Center devised a less invasive, endovascular stent-graft repair. This report details the results of the first 81 patients, and reviews some other pertinent developments. The stent-graft is composed of interlocked, self-expanding "Z" stents covered with a woven Dacron graft, which can then be introduced through a hollow 27F Teflon sheath under fluoroscopic guidance and deployed across the aneurysm. Aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta are most easily treated, but distal arch pathology can occasionally be accommodated. A friction seal prevents movement of the stent, and complete exclusion of the aneurysm sac from the circulation is usually possible. Degenerative aneurysms accounted for the majority of the diseased aortas. RESULTS There were 7 (9% +/- 3%) deaths, 3 directly attributable to the stent-graft procedure, including two strokes presumably from atheroemboli from the aortic arch. Paraplegia occurred in three patients, but in only one with an uncomplicated stent-graft placement without protracted hypotension. Two nonfatal strokes also occurred. There has been only a single instance of documented late graft failure, which resulted in a fatal hemorrhage. Although the long-term durability of the stent-grafts in unknown at this early stage, we believe this technology to be a significantly less morbid treatment for aneurysmal disease of the descending thoracic aorta. Only long-term follow-up will further define its utility.
Earth as a transducer for dark-photon dark-matter detection

We propose the use of the Earth as a transducer for ultralight dark-matter detection. In particular, we point out a novel signal of kinetically mixed dark-photon dark matter: a monochromatic oscillating magnetic field generated at the surface of the Earth. Similar to the signal in a laboratory experiment in a shielded box (or cavity), this signal arises because the lower atmosphere is a low-conductivity air gap sandwiched between the highly conductive interior of the Earth below and ionosphere or interplanetary medium above. At low masses (frequencies) the signal in a laboratory detector is usually suppressed by the size of the detector multiplied by the dark-matter mass. Crucially, in our case the suppression is by the radius of the Earth, and not by the (much smaller) height of the atmosphere. We compute the size and global vectorial pattern of our magnetic field signal, which enables sensitive searches for this signal using unshielded magnetometers dispersed over the surface of the Earth. In principle, the signal we compute exists for any dark photon in the mass range ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{m}_{{A}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. We summarize the results of our companion paper [M. A. Fedderke et al., Search for dark-photon dark matter in the SuperMAG geomagnetic field dataset, arXiv:2108.08852], in which we detail such a search using a publicly available dataset from the SuperMAG Collaboration: we report no robust signal candidates and so place constraints in the (more limited) dark-photon dark-matter mass range $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{m}_{{A}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ (corresponding to frequencies $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}\ensuremath{\lesssim}f\ensuremath{\lesssim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$). These constraints are complementary to existing astrophysical bounds. Future searches for this signal may improve the sensitivity over a wide range of ultralight dark-matter candidates and masses.