cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inducible Deposition of the Histone Variant H3.3 in Interferon-stimulated Genes *

The H3.3 histone variant is synthesized throughout cell cycle and deposited onto chromatin in a replication-independent manner. It is enriched in transcriptionally active regions of chromatin and is implicated in epigenetic memory. The dynamics of H3.3 deposition during transcriptional activation, however, have not been fully studied so far. Here we examined H3.3 incorporation into interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes in confluent mouse NIH3T3 cells expressing H3.3 fused to the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Following IFN stimulation, H3.3-YFP was rapidly incorporated into all four IFN-activated genes tested, with the highest enrichment seen in the distal end of the coding region. Surprisingly, H3.3 enrichment in the coding region continued for an extended period of time, long after transcription ceased. The promoter region, although constitutively enriched with H3.3-YFP, did not show an increase in its deposition in response to IFN stimulation. Further, although H3.3-YFP deposition stably remained in non-dividing cells for days after IFN stimulation, it was rapidly diminished in dividing cells. Lastly, we examined the role of H3.3 in IFN-stimulated transcription by a short hairpin RNA approach and found that IFN-stimulated transcription was significantly impaired in H3.3 knockdown cells. Results indicate that H3.3 plays a role in IFN-mediated transcription, and its deposition leaves a prolonged post-transcriptional mark in these genes.
A partial characterization of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in crude homogenate, soluble material, and particulate preparations of adult Drosophila melanogaster flies, hydrolyze cyclic AMP with nonlinear kinetics. Cyclic GMP is hydrolyzed by the phosphodiesterases in crude homogenate and soluble material with linear kinetics. Physical separation techniques of gel filtration, velocity sedimentation, and ion-exchange chromatography reveal that Drosophila soluble fraction contains two major forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Form I hydrolyzes both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Inhibition experiments suggest that the hydrolysis of both cyclic nucleotides by Form I occurs at a single active site. The K m 's for hydrolysis of both substrates are about 4 μ m . This form has a molecular weight of about 168,000 as estimated by gel nitration. Form II cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is specific for cyclic AMP as substrate. Gel filtration indicates that this form has a molecular weight of about 68,000. The K m for cyclic AMP is about 2 μ m .
Discovery of a Subnanomolar Helical d-Tridecapeptide Inhibitor of γ-Secretase

γ-Secretase is the second of two proteolytic enzymes responsible for the release of the amyloid β-peptide implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we used solid-phase synthesis to generate a new series of helical peptides as γ-secretase inhibitors, one of which, 11, showed an IC50 of 140 pM in a cell-free enzyme assay.
Response to autobiographical essays by community psychologists.

SUMMARY Autobiographical essays by five community psychologists suggest that members of this profession often grew up with a strong sense of community and an interest in human interactions, rather than more abstract intellectual ideas. Their life stories reflect the idealism of the 1960s and 1970s that motivated the development of the field. Although these authors have sometimes struggled in the more conservative atmosphere of the past three decades, they retain a characteristic American sense of optimism about the meaning of their lives.
Numerical implementation of a variational method for electrical impedance tomography

A variational method for computing electrical conductivity distributions from boundary measurements was proposed by Kohn and Vogelius (1987). The authors explore the numerical performance of that technique. A version of Newton's method is used for the minimisation, and synthetic data for the boundary measurements. The variational method is found to be generally stable and robust, reproducing the locations and shapes of conducting objects well, provided that smooth boundary data are used. Early termination appears to have a desirable smoothing effect upon the reconstruction. Contrary to the suggestion of Kohn and Vogelius, the method is not enhanced by allowing the conductivity to be anisotropic.
High-fat diets induce a rapid loss of the insulin anorectic response in the amygdala

Intracerebroventricular insulin decreases food intake (FI). The central bed nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), as other regions of the brain regulating feeding behavior, expresses insulin receptors. Ou...
Reading mobile games throughout the curriculum

We introduce ALE, a new framework for writing games for the Android platform. The primary motivation behind ALE is to emphasize reading code before writing it. Beginners read game code to learn how levels can be made, and advanced users read the code of ALE itself to learn how to create useful and extensible libraries. To date, roughly 200 students at our university have used ALE, ranging from first-semester engineering undergraduates through Masters students. ALE has proven useful in teaching non-majors about CS, in making introductory CS programming courses more exciting, and in encouraging creativity, entrepreneurship, and good program design in upper-level electives. Based on these experiences, we encourage educators at all levels to consider using ALE to improve students' ability to learn by reading code.
Loop memory of posterior chamber intraocular lenses of various sizes, designs, and loop materials.

Abstract Looped intraocular lenses (IOLs) fixate by exerting centripetal pressure on the ocular tissues. The ability of the flexible loops to maintain pressure depends on their rigidity (i.e., resistance to flexion) and their "memory" (i.e., ability to restore original configuration after a long period of compression). We studied the memory of 30 different posterior chamber IOLs, with loops made of polypropylene (PP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), of various diameters, styles, and designs. The lenses were inserted into plastic wells, 9.5 mm in diameter, and immersed in water (37°C) for one month. They were then placed on an open plate and allowed to re-expand for one month. Loop memory was calculated as the difference in diameter between the initial (pretest) measurement and measurements taken during the compression and release periods. The results showed that short (12.0 to 12.5 mm) IOLs had relatively better memory than longer (13.5 to 14.0 mm) IOLs. Those with PP loops expanded more and for longer periods than those of comparable size and design with PMMA loops. One-piece, all-PMMA lenses exhibited the best loop memory. These lenses have the high rigidity of the PMMA material and the good memory of the design. Thus, the total IOL diameter can be reduced to 12.0 mm while providing long-term constant pressure on the capsular bag to maintain stable fixation.
Steepest descent for singular linear operators with nonclosed range

Let T be a bounded linear operator between two Hilbert spaces with the range of T not necessarily closed, and let T † denote the generalized inverse of T. The method of steepest descent for minimizing is shown to converge monotonically starting with x 0 = 0, to T † y for any y whose orthogonal projection on the closure of the range of T, is in the range of TT *. This set of y's is dense in the domain of T†. The method is also applied to generalized least squares solutions of a class of unbounded linear operator equations
Skin Burn Translation Model for Evaluating Hand Protection in Flash Fire Exposures

A model is described for use in translating measured heat flux to predict second and third degree hand burn injury in fire exposures. The model adapts a burn translation algorithm for estimating burn injuries used in established instrumented fire test manikin technologies. It facilitates more accurate prediction of burns to human hands by accounting for the cylindrical geometry of the fingers, bone tissue beneath the skin, and different skin thickness data that represents the different areas of the hand. A numerical modeling approach is used to demonstrate the response of the skin burn model for predicting hand burn injury in heat exposures encountered in fire manikin testing.
Phonon-Internal-Mode Hybridization in KCl: C N −

Recent work has shown that the resonant mixing of defect internal modes with lattice phonons can lead to striking modifications of the one-phonon coherent neutron-scattering cross section. Here, line shapes for phonons in KCl: C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are calculated from a two-level model and shown to agree reasonably well with experiment. Our results demonstrate that neutron scattering can be used to study the coupling of complex defects with the lattice even at very low defect concentrations.
German security policy after the cold war: The strategy of a civilian power in an uncivil world

(1991). German security policy after the cold war: The strategy of a civilian power in an uncivil world. Arms Control: Vol. 12, European Security without the Soviet Union, pp. 77-98.
Characterization of polycistronic late lambda messenger RNA.

Abstract The kinetics of inhibition of RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli by rifampicin permitted the selective labeling of lambda (λ) late RNA (A-J region of the λ genome). This RNA sedimented heterogeneously, with rates as great as 60 S. The proportion of labeled 40–60 S RNA increased from 1–2% in the absence of rifampicin to approximately 40% in its presence. Based on sucrose gradient sedimentation and gel electrophoresis analyses, the molecular weight of 60 S λ late RNA was estimated at 5–9 × 106 daltons. From the known length of the A-J segment, it is postulated that this entire region can be transcribed as a single polycistronic message.
It's swell to have ATP in the liver.

A TP is best known as an energy-storing molecule in cells. However, it is now clear that ATP and other nucleotides also serve as signaling molecules in the blood (1) and in secretions such as bile (2). In this issue of the Journal of Hepatology, Feranchak and coworkers have evaluated the role of extracellular nucleotides in volume regulation of human hepatocytes (3). These findings have implications for the understanding of cell function in general and liver function in particular.
SERVICE MARKETING TO YUPPIES

One unique group of consumers which has recently attracted the attention of many marketing professionals is the yuppie (young urban professional) market segment. Yet little is known or understood about this segment's service needs, preferences, and behavior or about the marketing strategies necessary to attract this type of consumer to various types of services. The study described here directly investigates yuppie consumers and their preferences and habits concerning services. This article utilizes a study among yuppies concerning a particular service, as well as previous literature on the yuppie market, to provide meaningful insights as to how marketing decision makers can develop more effective marketing strategies to attract yuppie consumers to the various service offerings.
Challenges in hip joint modeling for a patient with proximal femoral focal deficiency.

We were presented with a technical challenge driven by a clinical need. A patient with proximal femoral focal deficiency required gait analysis, but our typical biomechanical model [Vicon Clinical Manager (VCM)] would not have correctly identified his abnormal right hip center (RHIP). His underdeveloped right femur was fused to his ileum, his anatomical knee functioned as his right hip, and an above-knee prosthesis provided functional knee and ankle joints. During a special calibration, we estimated the global location of RHIP as the center of the femoral epicondyles, also identifying the global location of pelvic markers. These data were used in equations after Davis et al.4 to establish local coordinates for RHIP. We used a system of three simultaneous equations to solve for input to VCM that would reproduce this location for RHIP. This procedure allowed for inverse dynamics in VCM, and showed the emergence of an abduction moment at the right hip postoperatively, that exceeded changes predicted by sensitivity analyses. Although our clinical need was met, we concluded that a better approach would have involved full implementation of custom models to reflect abnormal patient anatomy. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Cooperative Optical Absorption in Solids

A discussion is given of a mechanism for resonance energy transfer in the absorption of light by a pair of neighboring ions in a crystal, as recently demonstrated by Varsanyi and Dieke. An estimate of the probability for this process is given.
Parenteral Clindamycin Phosphate: Pharmacology with Normal and Abnormal Liver Function and Effect on Nasal Staphylococci

Parenteral clindamycin was evaluated in 41 patients with a variety of infections. The four major findings were as follows. (i) Five hours after the intravenous administration of 600 mg of clindamycin, the mean serum concentration in patients with "moderate to severe" hepatic dysfunction was 24.3 mug/ml, and in those with normal liver function it was 8.3 mug/ml (P < 0.02). This suggests that the dose of clindamycin might be modified in patients with liver disease. (ii) There was a positive association between the 5-h serum clindamycin level and the degree of elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. (iii) No significant side effects were observed. Of 24 patients with preexisting hepatic dysfunction, 5 showed deterioration and 5 showed improvement of liver function during therapy. (iv) Whereas all pre-treatment isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from the anterior nares were susceptible to clindamycin, 6 of 9 post-treatment isolates were resistant, most probably due to selection of resistant organisms.
Processing of Prothyrotropin-releasing Hormone by the Family of Prohormone Convertases

The post-translational processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone (pro-TRH25–255) has been extensively studied in our laboratory, and the processing pathway to mature TRH has been elucidated. We have also demonstrated that recombinant PC1 and PC2 process partially purified pro-TRH to cryptic peptides in vitro and that pro-TRH and PC1 mRNAs are coexpressed in primary cultures of hypothalamic neurons. To further define the role of each convertase, and particularly PC1 and PC2, in pro-TRH processing, recombinant vaccinia viruses were used to coexpress the prohormone convertases PC1, PC2, PACE4, PC5-B, furin, or control dynorphin together with rat prepro-TRH in constitutively secreting LoVo cells or in the regulated endocrine GH4C1 cell line. Radioimmunoassays from LoVo-derived secreted products indicated that furin cleaves the precursor to generate both N- and C-terminal intermediates. PC1, PC2, and PACE4 only produced N-terminal intermediates, but less efficiently than furin. In GH4C1 cells, PC1, PC2, furin, PC5-B, and PACE4 produced both N-terminal and C-terminal forms. Significantly, TRH-Gly and TRH were mostly produced by PC1, PC2, and furin. Utilizing gel electrophoresis to further analyze the cleavage specificities of PC1 and PC2, we found that PC1 seems primarily responsible for cleavage to both intermediates and mature TRH, since it generated all products at significantly higher levels than PC2. The addition of 7B2 to the coinfection did not augment the ability of PC2 to cleave pro-TRH to either N- or C-terminal forms.
Effects of incidental and intentional learning instructions on the free recall of naturalistic sounds

An exploratory investigation of the effects of incidental and intentional learning instructions upon the free recall of a categorized list of naturalistic sounds was conducted. Subjects who performed a “physical” orienting task (judging whether a sound was louder in the left or right ear) recalled significantly less than subjects who performed a “semantic” task (judging the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the referents of the sounds) and subjects who were directly asked to learn the sounds. All groups showed significant categorical clustering, but there were no differences among the groups. These results further attest to the generality of Craik and Lockhart’s (1972) levels of processing framework, and suggest that the retention of sounds varies with the degree of semantic involvement.
Supplemental Niacin for Lactating Cows During Summer Feeding

Five herds with 240 cows were used to determine the response to feeding 6 g/d of supplemental niacin during the summer months. Diets consisted of corn silage, hay crop silage, hay, or pasture as the forage and concentrate. Cows in each herd were paired by lactation number and stage of lactation and randomly assigned to either a control or niacin group and fed niacin once daily for 84 d (July 3 to September 25). Cows averaged 143 d postpartum with a total of 121 and 119 cows on control and niacin groups. Using milk weight and composition prior to initiating the trial as a covariate, least squares means for all cows for control and niacin were milk, 24.5, 25.4 kg/d; milk fat, 3.72, 3.70%; milk fat, .91, .94 kg/d; milk protein, 3.35, 3.34%; and fat-corrected milk, 23.5, 24.3, kg/d. Yields of milk and fat-corrected milk were significantly higher for niacin-supplemented cows. Cows in first lactation and second lactation and greater had a similar response to niacin. Cows producing greater than 34 kg milk produced 2.4 kg more milk with supplemental niacin. Results indicate that feeding 6 g/d supplemental niacin during the summer increased yield of milk and fat-corrected milk but had no effect on milk composition.
Optimal Use of Vaccines for Control of Influenza A Virus in Swine

Influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S) is one of the most important infectious disease agents of swine in North America. In addition to the economic burden of IAV-S to the swine industry, the zoonotic potential of IAV-S sometimes leads to serious public health concerns. Adjuvanted, inactivated vaccines have been licensed in the United States for over 20 years, and there is also widespread usage of autogenous/custom IAV-S vaccines. Vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies and protection against infection with very similar strains. However, IAV-S strains are so diverse and prone to mutation that these vaccines often have disappointing efficacy in the field. This scientific review was developed to help veterinarians and others to identify the best available IAV-S vaccine for a particular infected herd. We describe key principles of IAV-S structure and replication, protective immunity, currently available vaccines, and vaccine technologies that show promise for the future. We discuss strategies to optimize the use of available IAV-S vaccines, based on information gathered from modern diagnostics and surveillance programs. Improvements in IAV-S immunization strategies, in both the short term and long term, will benefit swine health and productivity and potentially reduce risks to public health.
Mobility management protocols for next-generation all-IP satellite networks

To provide ubiquitous terrestrial Internet coverage mobility and Internet-based access to data generated by satellites, there is a strong desire to integrate the terrestrial Internet and satellite networks. This requires satellites that are based on IP for communications. Rotation of low Earth orbit satellites around the Earth results in communicating with different ground stations over time, and requires mobility management protocols for seamless communication between the Internet and satellite networks. In this article we provide a comprehensive summary and comparison of state-of-the-art research on mobility management schemes for satellite networks. The schemes are based on network and transport layers for managing host and network mobility. This article clearly indicates the aspects that need further research and which mobility management schemes are the best candidates for satellite networks.
The MASH pipeline for protein function prediction and an algorithm for the geometric refinement of 3D motifs.

The development of new and effective drugs is strongly affected by the need to identify drug targets and to reduce side effects. Resolving these issues depends partially on a thorough understanding of the biological function of proteins. Unfortunately, the experimental determination of protein function is expensive and time consuming. To support and accelerate the determination of protein functions, algorithms for function prediction are designed to gather evidence indicating functional similarity with well studied proteins. One such approach is the MASH pipeline, described in the first half of this paper. MASH identifies matches of geometric and chemical similarity between motifs, representing known functional sites, and substructures of functionally uncharacterized proteins (targets). Observations from several research groups concur that statistically significant matches can indicate functionally related active sites. One major subproblem is the design of effective motifs, which have many matches to fun...
FOREST RESPONSE TO CATASTROPHIC WIND: RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL HURRICANE

Infrequent, intense wind disturbance is an important factor in northeastern U.S. forests, yet little is known about the early stages of vegetation reorganization, or the processes that facilitate biotic regulation of ecosystem function after such storms. We designed an experiment, based on a simulated hurricane blowdown, to examine the rela- tionship of tree damage patterns to mortality and regeneration, community dynamics, veg- etation recovery, and ecosystem processes. In October 1990, selected canopy trees in a 50 x 160 m area within a 75-yr-old Quercus rubra-Acer rubrum forest in central Massachusetts were pulled over by a winch, using records from the 1938 hurricane to determine the number of trees and direction of fall. The resulting damage to 65% of trees closely ap- proximated effects of the 1938 storm on New England forests. Damage and mortality varied by tree species and size, indicating the importance of pre-disturbance forest structure and composition in determining the range and severity of impact. Measurements of vegetation and environment in the experimental area and control indicated that, although the manip- ulated stand sustained dramatic damage and structural reorganization, resilience of trees and understory vegetation provided tight biotic control of ecosystem processes, including nutrient cycling. Continued leaf-out and induced sprouting by damaged trees, increased growth by saplings and understory plants, and seedling establishment on disturbed micro- sites stabilized the microenvironment. Our findings are in contrast to studies of disturbances in which mortality was higher when damaged trees were removed from the site. This suggests that salvage logging following wind disturbance may have serious long-term implications.
Modeling the influence of limestone filler on cement hydration using CEMHYD3D

The ASTM C150 standard specification for Portland cement now permits the cement to contain up to 5% of ground limestone. While these and much higher levels of limestone filler substitution have been employed in Europe and elsewhere for many years, changing the ASTM standard has been a slow process. Having computational tools to assist in better understanding the influence of limestone additions on cement hydration and microstructure development should facilitate the acceptance of these more economical and ecological materials. With this in mind, the CEMHYD3D computer model for cement hydration has been extended and preliminarily validated for the incorporation of limestone at substitution levels up to 20% by mass fraction. The hydration model has been modified to incorporate both the influence of limestone as a fine filler, providing additional surfaces for the nucleation and growth of hydration products, and its relatively slow reaction with the hydrating cement to form a monocarboaluminate (AFmc) phase, similar to the AFm phase formed in ordinary Portland cement. Because a 20% limestone substitution substantially modifies the effective water-to-cement ratio of the blended mixtures, the influence of limestone substitutions on hydration rates is observed to be a strong function of water-to-solids ratio (w/s), with significant acceleration observed for lower (e.g., 0.35) w/s, while no discernible acceleration is observed for pastes with w/s = 0.435. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Rationalization of enantioselectivities in dialkylzinc additions to benzaldehyde catalyzed by fenchone derivatives.

Three (−)-fenchyl alcohol derivatives, {(1R,2R,4S)-exo-(2-Ar)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, Ar = o-anisyl (2), 2-N-methylimidazolyl (3), 2-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (4)} were synthesized, characterized by X-ray analyses, and employed as precatalysts in diethyl zinc additions to benzaldehyde. Directions and relative degrees of enantioselectivities are rationalized by QM/MM ONIOM computations of μ-O transition structure models. Enantioselectivities arise from repulsive interactions between “transferring” or “passive” alkyl groups at the zinc centers and the substituents at donor groups or the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane moieties. These results enable predictions for ligand-tuning to improve catalyst efficiency of fenchone-based ligands in dialkylzinc additions to aldehydes.
Optimization of Phononic Crystals for the Simultaneous Attenuation of Out-of-Plane and In-Plane Waves

The topological distribution of the material phases inside the unit cell composing a phononic crystal has a significant effect on its dispersion characteristics. This topology can be engineered to produce application-specific requirements. In this paper, a specialized genetic-algorithm-based topology optimization methodology for the design of two-dimensional phononic crystals is presented. Specifically the target is the opening and maximization of band gap size for (i) out-of-plane waves, (ii) in-plane waves and (iii) both out-of-plane and in-plane waves simultaneously. The methodology as well as the resulting designs are presented.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Health hazards in the use of the laser microprobe for toxic and infective samples.

The rapid growth of laser technology and applications makes it necessary to consider relevant factors of safety, in addition to eye protection, which has been well recognized. In the use of the laser microprobe for medical studies, biological samples are vaporized by a high-energy pulsed laser beam which can cause formation of aerosols and splattering of the sample material. In this study the hazard that can result was shown by the use of bacterial colonies and bacterially infected serum and tissue samples which were vaporized by the laser beam. Viable organisms were recovered from both the aerosols and the splattered material. Circumvention of the hazard from contact or inhalation of such infective material was considered.
High-resolution movie-film digitization: color scanner calibration

This paper introduced a novel system concept for high color/spatial resolution movie film electronic capture. The camera system scans each frame of movie film to the full spatial/spectral resolution of the film. The image detector output is digitized to a unique color space that involves the dye density of each of the film's three color layers (discussed in a different paper at this conference). This paper briefly discusses the system concept. A side topic of this paper is to present the camera color calibration methodology that ensures accurate color capture and storage. From the spectrophotometer output of the scanned image, the XYZ values of each color sample can be calculated. The traditional method applies a global transformation matrix to translate the scanned RGB values into the XYZ space. In its simplest form the transformation matrix is a 3 X 3 matrix translating RGB into XYZ. Other approaches have considered various linear combinations of RGB (e.g. R*G, R2) with some success. Our approach is to consider local regions of RGB color space and determine the transformation matrix based only on those local RGB and measured XYZ values.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using image local response for efficient image fusion with the hybrid evolutionary algorithm

Image fusion serves as the basis for automatic target recognition; it maps images of teh same scene received from different sensors into a common reference system. A novel fusion method is described that employs image local response and the hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA). Given geometric transformation A(V) under parameter vector V (e.g. affine image transformation) of the images subjected to fusion, image local response is defined as image transform components of the parameter vector V are applied to the image, and the corresponding variations of the least squared differences of the gray levels of the two images (i.e. before and after parameter variation) form the image response matrix. The transform R(V) extracts only the dynamic contents of the image, i.e. the salient features that are most sensitive to geometric transformation A(V). Since R(V) maps the image onto itself, the result of the mapping is largely invariant to the type of the sensor that was used to obtain the image. Once the response matrices are built for all images subjected to fusion, HEA is used to map the images into the common reference system.
Monoclonal antibodies define a cellular antigen involved in HTLV-I infection

The exact mechanism by which the human T cell leukemia viruses (HTLV) infects target cells remains unclear; although some molecules have been identified to be important in viral infection and entry. To investigate these phenomena, we generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against a B cell line (BJAB-WH) which is highly permissive for infection with HTLV. These MAb have been used to further characterize the membrane molecules important for HTLV infection. Three of these MAb designated 4.2.3, 3.3.10, and 11.2.3 were capable of inhibiting syncytium formation induced in human B and T cell lines (i.e., BJAB-WH and SupT-1, respectively) by co-culture with HTLV-I infected MT-2 cells. All of these MAbs immunoprecipitated a 80-85 kDa antigen from the lysates of metabolically labeled BJAB-WH but not from BJAB-CC/84, a noninfectible target cell. The binding of these MAb with different HTLV target cells was analyzed and compared with binding of polyclonal monospecific antisera to the same cell lines. A 80-85 kDa membrane glycoprotein was isolated with an immunoaffinity chromatographic column constructed with MAbs 4.2.3 and 3.3.10. This cellular antigen was capable of inhibiting HTLV I/MT-2 induced fusion. This is the first direct demonstration that a 80-85 kDa cellular glycoprotein is directly involved in HTLV I/II infection and syncytium formation.
In Vivo and in Vitro SPRR1 Gene Expression in Normal and Malignant Keratinocytes

The small proline-rich protein 1 (SPRR1) gene encodes a precursor of the keratinocyte cornified envelope. To understand SPRR1 regulation we investigated its expression and modulation in keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. SPRR1 was strongly expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis in newborn skin but only weakly expressed in adult skin. Both in vivo and in vitro, SPRR1 was not expressed in undifferentiated cells of basal or squamous carcinomas. However, within the same tumors and in premalignant lesions of squamous cell origin, cells with histologic evidence of differentiation showed a relative increase in SPRR1 transcript level. Within 24 h physiologic doses of uv irradiation induced SPRR1 mRNA in vivo. To investigate the possibility that SPRR1 expression is regulated by uv-induced cytokines, keratinocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). Both significantly induced SPRR1 mRNA, while TGF-beta, known to lower IL-1 receptor in keratinocytes, down-regulated it. Moreover, proximity to inflammatory cells in vivo was associated with SPRR1 induction in anaplastic tumor cells. Our data suggest that SPRR1 is induced early in differentiation of normal keratinocytes but is not expressed in anaplastic cells of keratinocyte origin. Further, its regulation in skin appears to be modulated at least in part through cytokine release.
Material model validation for laser shock peening process simulation

Advanced mechanical surface enhancement techniques have been used successfully to increase the fatigue life of metallic components. These techniques impart deep compressive residual stresses into the component to counter potentially damage-inducing tensile stresses generated under service loading. Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced mechanical surface enhancement technique used predominantly in the aircraft industry. To reduce costs and make the technique available on a large-scale basis for industrial applications, simulation of the LSP process is required. Accurate simulation of the LSP process is a challenging task, because the process has many parameters such as laser spot size, pressure profile and material model that must be precisely determined. This work focuses on investigating the appropriate material model that could be used in simulation and design. In the LSP process material is subjected to strain rates of 106 s−1, which is very high compared with conventional strain rates. The importance of an accurate material model increases because the material behaves significantly different at such high strain rates. This work investigates the effect of multiple nonlinear material models for representing the elastic–plastic behavior of materials. Elastic perfectly plastic, Johnson–Cook and Zerilli–Armstrong models are used, and the performance of each model is compared with available experimental results.
Healthy, wealthy, and wise: Incorporating health issues as a source of strain in Agnew's general strain theory

The current study uses Agnew's general strain theory (GST) as a foundation to argue that poor health may lead to delinquency. Those who suffer frequently from minor health problems and lack resources to afford proper medical care are expected to experience elevated levels of health-related strain, negative emotional affect, and report engaging in more delinquent acts. Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), negative binomial regression models were estimated and show that health strains increase the subsequent frequency of non-violent delinquency even when controlling for important demographic and theoretically derived variables. Health strain's influence on non-violent delinquency was not conditioned by anger, depression, self-esteem, low constraint, or religiosity. Implications for GST are discussed and a modest research agenda for investigating health strain is identified.
NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System Using a Low-Capacity Cryocooler

The recent shortage and increasing cost of liquid helium provides motivation for cryogen-free operation of superconducting devices such as NIST programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) systems. However, operation on closed-cycle cryocoolers must not compromise the performance of the PJVS system. New cryogenic packaging and cryostat integration are presented that have been optimized for the NIST 10 V PJVS, demonstrating improved attenuation of coldhead temperature oscillations, and improvement of thermal conductances in the junction-to-coldhead path. When combined with an improved design of 10 V PJVS devices employing Nb/Nb x Si 1-x /Nb junctions with increased operating margins, we have operated a NIST PJVS at 10 V with over 1.32 mA current margins on a nominal 200 mW cryocooler using a 3.0 kW water-cooled compressor. The new cryo-package, in conjunction with the improved generation of chips, eliminates the need for liquid cryogens in applications using NIST 10 V PJVS systems.
The spectrum of HNO3 in the region 550–800 GHz

Nouvelle analyse du spectre de NO 3 H de 550 a 800 GHz. Nouvelles valeurs des constantes de rotation et de distorsion centrifuge
Friend or Foe? The effects of contingent employees on standard employees' work attitudes

Using data from a large-scale national survey of employers and employees in Britain, we examine the impact of the presence of contingent employees on work attitudes of standard (full-time, indefinite-term) employees. Drawing on differing explanations for the increased use of contingent employment arrangements, we derive competing hypotheses about how this use affects standard employees' work perceptions and attitudes, and explore the impact of a number of potentially intervening factors. We find that contingent employees have little effect on standard employees' perceptions of work overload, but strongly reduce perceived job security, which in turn, mediates the negative effects of contingent employees on job satisfaction and organizational loyalty.
Consistent derivation of impurity resistivity from the force-balance equation

Calcul de la resistivite adiabatique liee aux impuretes fonde sur l'equation d'equilibre des forces, en utilisant la methode des fonctions de Green. On montre que les termes de resistivite d'ordre eleve, generes par la non-commutabilite des fluctuations du centre de masse, s'annulent entre eux et ne contribuent pas a la resistivite d'impurete. La formule classique de la resistivite adiabatique peut etre obtenue seulement si les relations de commutation non canoniques exactes sont utilisees pour les electrons concernes
CO2 adsorption properties of a Ca(II)-based organophosphonium coordination material.

PCM-14 is a dense coordination polymer formed from Ca(II) and an unusual organophosphonium ligand. The dehydrated framework contains 3-coordinate Ca(II) sites within catenated, chiral 3,3-connected nets. PCM-14 exhibits a stark CO2 sorption selectivity over H2, N2 and O2. The maximum CO2 uptake was shown to be highly sensitive to the material pretreatment evacuation temperature.
Spatial and temporal trends of pesticide residues in water and particulates in the Mississippi River plume and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Selected herbicides, chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured using GC-MS SIM analysis in dissolved, colloidal and particulate phases of sea water samples collected seasonally over a three-year period. Sample preparation used sequential membrane filtration and ultrafiltration prior to solid phase extraction (SPE) of the dissolved phase. Chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were rarely detected. Herbicides were found primarily in the dissolved and colloidal phases. Atrazine was ubiquitous over the entire northwestern Gulf of Mexico coastal shelf area in spring, summer and fall. Highest herbicide concentrations occurred in summer and fall, except for alachlor, which was only detected in spring run-off.
Reduction of the development of nuclear damage in rat thymocytes following postirradiation oxygen deprivation

Abstract Removal of oxygen from thymocyte suspensions at any time between 0 and 3 hr after irradiation under aerobic conditions with 150 or 1000 R of γ-rays and subsequent maintenance of the cells under anoxic conditions stops all further appearance of cells with structurally homogeneous (or pycnotic) nuclei. A temporary exposure to anoxia between 0 and 2 (or 3) hr after irradiation under normal, aerobic conditions causes a permanent slowing of the rate of development of nuclear damage after the restoration of aerobic conditions. This lasting therapeutic effect of anoxia is obtained only if the anoxia is initiated immediately after irradiation; exposure to anoxia between 1 and 3 hr after irradiation has no effect on the subsequent development of nuclear damage under aerobic conditions. This therapeutic effect of an exposure to anoxia between 0 and 2 (or 3) hr after irradiation is not due to the intervention of the classical oxygen effect. It appears to be caused by a temporary postirradiation cessation of respiration for a period of time which must include the first hour after irradiation. A possible mechanism by which a postirradiation exposure to anoxia could reduce the development of radiation-induced nuclear damage is discussed.
Naughty or nice?: equity, gender and behavior

We review the debate over behavior, gender and classroom placement in ability groups for kindergartners. Using vignettes we vary children’s gender in three ways; male, female, or unspecified gender and also describe them as behaving well, average, or misbehaving. Our aim is to probe how much gender and behavior matter with respect to mock reading group placement. The design allows us to see if depicted behavior affects placement when every vignette child is described as possessing the same, average ability. After reading vignettes that vary gender and behavior, but not ability, respondents are directed to assign the portrayed child to a high, medium or low reading group. While depicted behavior strongly affects reading group placement, gender is not a significant predictor.
Proteolytic activity of largomycin

Largomycin, an antibiotic and antitumor protein, purified from the culture broth of Streptomyces pluricolorescens, displayed specific proteolytic activity. Pure largomycin did not degrade a number of substrates commonly used for detection of aminopeptidase, endopeptidase and carboxypeptidase activity. Pure largomycin degraded angiotensin II, bradykinin, a few dipeptides and a number of proteins of KB cell plasma membranes. The biological activity and the proteolytic activity of largomycin showed similar temperature-dependent patterns, suggesting that one protein is responsible for both activities. The apoprotein of largomycin, which did not show antibiotic activity, contained the proteolytic activity.
Estrellita: A Mobile Capture and Access Tool for the Support of Preterm Infants and Their Caregivers

In this article, we describe the design process and principles used in the development of Estrellita, a tool to support parents of preterm infants to track health data. We tested Estrellita in the homes of seven families for 4 months while following seven additional families without Estrellita. The feedback from this trial, including in-depth interviews, surveys, and log analyses, sheds light on how parents can use a mobile data collection tool to enhance their problem-solving processes about their own health and that of their infants, as well as to share with others who support them in this care. In addition to presenting the design of a recording technology for preterm infants and its use in a real-life setting, the results of this research provide a deep understanding of how technology can and should be used to support home care of at-risk patients, in which data capture may be essential.
Temporalis fascialis sling - a surgical techique for the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

Recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibu- lar joint is a relatively common problem for which many treatment alternatives have been described. When recur- rent dislocation fails to respond to conservative treatment or pain becomes a major problem, surgical intervention is warranted. Unfortunately, current treatments are unpre- dictable and are associated with problems such as foreign body reactions, degeneration, and recurrent pain. We de- scribe a new procedure, using a temporalis sling for the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint disloca- tion. The temporalis sling has been effective in preventing recurrent dislocation and has not disturbed the intricate articulation process involved in mouth opening. This al- ternative offers significant amelioration of abnormal joint function and pain.
New electrochromic mirror systems

Variable reflectance coatings (switchable mirrors) have significant advantages over traditional absorbing devices for radiant energy control in a variety of architectural and aerospace applications due to their large dynamic ranges in both transmission and reflection in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regimes. Although electrochromic and gasochromic metal hydride films have been the primary focus of recent research in this field, other systems merit consideration. Two of these, based on electrochemical conversion of copper to copper oxides and of pnicogens to lithium pnictides are discussed here. Three distinct states are available in the copper system: the highly reflecting metal, the transparent Cu(I) oxide, and the black, highly absorbing Cu(II) oxide. Metallic thin films of elemental antimony and bismuth are reversibly converted to transparent, semiconducting lithium pnictides by cathodic polarization in a nonaqueous lithium electrolyte. Like the metal hydrides, these systems provide substantial modulation of near-infrared transmission and reflection, but have somewhat lower visible reflectance in their mirror states.
The outcomes of using self-study modules in energy conservation education for people with multiple sclerosis

Objective: To determine whether there were any differences in the outcomes of individuals with multiple sclerosis who attended all six sessions of an energy conservation education programme compared with people who missed a session and received a self-study module.Design: Secondary analysis of data from two naturally occurring groups emerging from a randomized control trial-compliers who received the intervention as intended (group 1) and noncompliers who received a modified intervention with self-study modules (group 2).Setting: Community settings in Chicago, Illinois and Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.Participants: Ninety-two community-dwelling people with multiple sclerosis who were participating in an energy conservation education programme.Intervention: Energy conservation education groups based on the ‘Managing Fatigue’ programme, which were facilitated by an occupational therapist. Self-study modules were sent to participants who missed a session.Outcome measures: Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Self-Effi...
Mechanisms of Arthropod Transmission of Plant and Animal Viruses

A majority of the plant-infecting viruses and many of the animal-infecting viruses are dependent upon arthropod vectors for transmission between hosts and/or as alternative hosts. The viruses have evolved specific associations with their vectors, and we are beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms that regulate the virus transmission process. A majority of plant viruses are carried on the cuticle lining of a vector’s mouthparts or foregut. This initially appeared to be simple mechanical contamination, but it is now known to be a biologically complex interaction between specific virus proteins and as yet unidentified vector cuticle-associated compounds. Numerous other plant viruses and the majority of animal viruses are carried within the body of the vector. These viruses have evolved specific mechanisms to enable them to be transported through multiple tissues and to evade vector defenses. In response, vector species have evolved so that not all individuals within a species are susceptible to virus infection or can serve as a competent vector. Not only are the virus components of the transmission process being identified, but also the genetic and physiological components of the vectors which determine their ability to be used successfully by the virus are being elucidated. The mechanisms of arthropod-virus associations are many and complex, but common themes are beginning to emerge which may allow the development of novel strategies to ultimately control epidemics caused by arthropod-borne viruses.
Wavelet neural networks and receptive field partitioning

The use of wavelet functions as basis functions is proposed. Wavelets have many advantages over other basis functions. Orthonormal sets of wavelets can easily be constructed. Thus, network weights can be computed directly and independently. Wavelets can be used to provide a multiresolution approximation of the discriminant functions and offer localization in space and frequency. These properties are put to good advantage by the proposed method, which constructs a sparse wavelet network by including and positioning wavelets from increasing levels of resolution to maximize the classification score. >