cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POSET timing and its application to the synthesis and verification of gate-level timed circuits

This paper presents a new algorithm for timed state-space exploration, POSET timing, POSET timing improves upon geometric methods by utilizing concurrency and causality information to dramatically reduce the number of geometric regions needed to represent the timed state space. The utility of POSET timing is illustrated by its application to the automatic synthesis and verification of gate-level timed circuits. Timed circuits are a class of asynchronous circuits that incorporate explicit timing information in the specification which is used throughout the synthesis procedure to optimize the design. Using POSET timing, our synthesis procedure derives a timed circuit that is hazard-free. The circuit uses only basic gates to facilitate the mapping to semi-custom components, such as standard-cells and gate-arrays. The resulting gate-level timed circuit implementations are 30%-40% smaller and 30%-50% faster than those produced using other asynchronous design methodologies. This paper also demonstrates that timed designs can be smaller and faster than their synchronous counterparts. The POSET timing algorithm cannot only efficiently verify our synthesized circuits but also a wide collection of large, highly concurrent timed circuits and systems that could not previously be verified using traditional techniques.
On the Small Vessel Detection in High Resolution Retinal Images

In this paper, we proposed a new scheme for detection of small blood vessels in retinal images. A novel filter called Gabor variance filter and a modified histogram equalization technique are developed to enhance the contrast between vessels and background. Vessel segmentation is then performed on the enhanced map using thresholding and branch pruning based on the vessel structures. The experiments on high resolution images showed the desirable results with performance of 84.75% true positive rate and 0.15% false positive rate
Guidelines for Adapting Manualized Interventions for New Target Populations: A Step-Wise Approach Using Anger Management as a Model

The use of manual-based interventions tends to improve client outcomes and promote replicability. With an increasingly strong link between funding and the use of empirically supported prevention and intervention programs, manual development and adaptation have become research priorities. As a result, researchers and scholars have generated guidelines for developing manuals from scratch, but there are no extant guidelines for adapting empirically supported, manualized prevention and intervention programs for use with new populations. Thus, this article proposes step-by-step guidelines for the manual adaptation process. It also describes two adaptations of an extensively researched anger management intervention to exemplify how an empirically supported program was systematically and efficiently adapted to achieve similar outcomes with vastly different populations in unique settings.
Educational Attainment and Adult Mortality

Throughout the twentieth century, adult mortality rates in the United States and in all high-income countries exhibited impressive declines. The latter half of the twentieth century was characterized by well-documented differences in adult mortality rates across categories of educational attainment (Elo and Preston 1996; Kitagawa and Hauser 1973; Lauderdale 2001; Rogers et al. 2000), a social fact that now garners much greater concern and research attention than perhaps ever before.
Hormonal components of altered developmental pathways in the annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus

The annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus, typically enters embryonic diapause at two distinct points of development, termed diapause II and III. This study explores the role of maternal and embryonic steroid hormones, including 17-β-estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T), in regulating the developmental decision to enter or escape diapause II. Steroid hormone levels were measured in tissues isolated from adult female killifish during the normal lifespan of this species and in individuals of the same age that were producing either high or low proportions of escape embryos. Levels of steroid hormones were also measured during early development and in fertilized eggs that were predicted to be on either an escape or diapausing developmental trajectory. Decreases in maternal E2 levels associated with age are correlated with decreasing escape embryo production. Maternal production of escape embryos is correlated with increased ratios of E2 to T in adult ovary tissue. Interestingly, neither hormone is significantly different in fish producing embryos on different developmental pathways when examined independently. Levels of steroid hormones in fertilized eggs are not correlated with entry or escape from diapause II, though levels of A4 tend to be higher in escape embryos. Escape embryos exhibit faster hormone metabolism and earlier hormone synthesis than embryos that will enter diapause II. Incubation of embryos in exogenous E2 is associated with a 7-fold increase in escape embryo production, and significantly elevated A4 levels. These data suggest that steroid hormones may be critical factors involved in determining developmental pathways in embryos of A. limnaeus.
Restaging the Revolution in Contemporary China: Memory of Politics and Politics of Memory

This article focuses on the adaptation of the Red Classics – a collection of literary and cinematic works depicting the Communist armed struggle produced in the PRC between 1949 and 1966 – for contemporary Chinese television. Using the controversy over the remake of Tracks in the Snowy Forest (Linhai xueyuan 林海雪原) as a case study, it explores the complexity of restaging the Communist revolution in the post-Mao reform era. Competition in the media industry compels TV producers to re-package Communist history for fragmented contemporary audiences – those who are familiar with the original Red Classics as well as those who grew up in the reform era and who are far removed from the revolutionary legacy. Adaptation of the Red Classics is a sensitive issue. By focusing on the sexual desires and individual interests muted in the original Red Classics in order to cater for the tastes of younger viewers, the remakes offer alternative readings of history and have incurred government censorship. Opposition to the adaptations has also come from a distinct mnemonic community, the Red memory group, whose members came of age in either the 1960s or during the Cultural Revolution and who absorbed the Red Classics in their formative years. The interplay of state politics, collective memory and commercial imperatives ultimately makes the repackaging of the revolution for contemporary mass entertainment a multifaceted and highly contentious issue.
Performance of computational tools in evaluating the functional impact of laboratory-induced amino acid mutations

Summary: Site-directed mutagenesis is frequently used by scientists to investigate the functional impact of amino acid mutations in the laboratory. Over 10 000 such laboratory-induced mutations have been reported in the UniProt database along with the outcomes of functional assays. Here, we explore the performance of state-of-the-art computational tools (Condel, PolyPhen-2 and SIFT) in correctly annotating the function-altering potential of 10 913 laboratory-induced mutations from 2372 proteins. We find that computational tools are very successful in diagnosing laboratory-induced mutations that elicit significant functional change in the laboratory (up to 92% accuracy). But, these tools consistently fail in correctly annotating laboratory-induced mutations that show no functional impact in the laboratory assays. Therefore, the overall accuracy of computational tools for laboratory-induced mutations is much lower than that observed for the naturally occurring human variants. We tested and rejected the possibilities that the preponderance of changes to alanine and the presence of multiple base-pair mutations in the laboratory were the reasons for the observed discordance between the performance of computational tools for natural and laboratory mutations. Instead, we discover that the laboratory-induced mutations occur predominately at the highly conserved positions in proteins, where the computational tools have the lowest accuracy of correct prediction for variants that do not impact function (neutral). Therefore, the comparisons of experimental-profiling results with those from computational predictions need to be sensitive to the evolutionary conservation of the positions harboring the amino acid change. Contact: [email protected]
Male Calling Behavior and Female Choice in the Neotropical Treefrog Hyla microcephala

The effect of stimulus call complexity and calling rate on the vocal responses of males and female mate choice was studied in Hyla microcephala in Panama. Males increased the number of notes in their calls in response to increases in stimulus call complexity during both playback of 1 to 8-note advertisement calls and during natural interactions. However, precise matching of the number of notes in stimuli and responses did not occur consistently. Males also increased calling rates if stimuli were presented above prestimulus rates. Two-stimulus choice experiments demonstrated that females prefer both higher calling rates and greater call complexity, indicating that the ways males change their vocal behavior during interactions increases their attractiveness to potential mates. Tests in which the relative intensity of a high and low rate stimulus was varied indicated that females prefer stimuli with higher total sound energy. In a natural chorus, it is likely that females simply approach males giving the most conspicuous calls.
Review of Research Related to Watson's Theory of Caring

Forty retrievable studies are reviewed, covering the period of 1988 to 2003, that were based on Watson's theory of caring. The author provides an overview of the studies, identifies measurement instruments developed, critiques the body of work, and offers suggestions for future research.
Innovation by homologous recombination

Swapping fragments among protein homologs can produce chimeric proteins with a wide range of properties, including properties not exhibited by the parents. Computational methods that use information from structures and sequence alignments have been used to design highly functional chimeras and chimera libraries. Recombination has generated proteins with diverse thermostability and mechanical stability, enzyme substrate specificity, and optogenetic properties. Linear regression, Gaussian processes, and support vector machine learning have been used to model sequence-function relationships and predict useful chimeras. These approaches enable engineering of protein chimeras with desired functions, as well as elucidation of the structural basis for these functions.
Governing for Results in a Globalised and Localised World

accountable public governance in developing countries—namely globalisation, localisation and a results oriented management and evaluation (ROME). The first theme recognises interdependencies in an interconnected world and discusses how these influences would shape partnership within and across nations. The second theme is concerned with public sector realignments within nations to meet the challenges associated with heightened expectations from an informed citizenry. The third theme relates to creating a new culture of public governance that is responsive and accountable to citizens. The paper argues that a road to ROME holds significant promise of overcoming the ills of a dysfunctional, command and control, overbearing and rent seeking public sector in many developing countries. ROME de-emphasises traditional input controls and instead is concerned with creating an authorising environment in which the public officials are given the flexibility to manage for results but are held accountable for delivering public services consistent with citizen preferences. Further under ROME incentive mechanisms induce public and non-public (private and nongovernment) sectors to compete in the delivery of public services and match public services with citizen preferences at lower tax cost to society per unit of output.
Why dual enrollment

Providing an overview of the volume, this chapter summarizes the evolution of dual enrollment programs over the past decade and discusses the role dual enrollment can play in the nation's college-completion agenda.
A simple approach to overcoming mutual coupling effects in some transmit array coils for magnetic resonance imaging

Single Echo Acquisition (SEA) is a method of completely parallel MR imaging that uses coil elements for spatial localization during receive, replacing the need for phase encoding repetitions. In this receive-only form, SEA imaging requires the use of a phase compensation gradient, the value of which is dependent on coil geometry, imaging distance from the elements, and element orientation. Operation of the arrays in transmit-receive mode, while adding significant complexity, is one potential method of eliminating the restrictions imposed by the phase compensation gradient. This abstract examines a straightforward current-splitting technique to enable parallel transmission for studying the complicated field interactions of these array coils in transmit mode.
Calcification in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystalline deposits in the knee: anatomic, radiographic, MR imaging, and histologic study in cadavers

To demonstrate and determine the frequency and location of calcification within cadaveric knees with or without calcification typical of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), utilizing histologic, radiographic and MR imaging techniques. Ten cadaveric knees of elderly individuals that demonstrated no radiographic evidence of prior surgery or trauma were studied with MR imaging and subsequently sectioned in planes corresponding to those obtained with MR imaging. The slices were imaged with high-resolution radiography. Two musculoskeletal radiologists correlated the anatomic, MR and radiographic findings. Three of the knees, which did not demonstrate calcifications, were utilized as controls. Histologic sections were obtained from four knees that contained calcifications and from the three controls, and analyzed with special histologic stains that demonstrate phosphorus and calcium. Radiographic imaging and histologic analysis demonstrated widespread CPPD crystal deposition in four of the 10 knee specimens (40%). MR imaging demonstrated some calcifications only within the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles in three of the four (75%) specimens that had CPPD deposits. In all four specimens radiographs and histologic analysis were more sensitive than MR imaging. Histologic analysis demonstrated no evidence of CPPD crystals in the control specimens. MR imaging is insensitive to the presence of CPPD deposits in the knee, even when such deposits are widespread. Our study suggests that the sensitivity of MR imaging was significantly better in detecting CPPD deposits in the hyaline cartilage of the femoral condyles when compared with other internal structures, even when such structures contained a higher amount of calcification.
Spatial and temporal variations in Greenland glacial‐earthquake activity, 1993–2010

[1] Glacial earthquakes are anomalous earthquakes associated with large ice-loss events occurring at marine-terminating glaciers, primarily in Greenland. They are detectable teleseismically, and a proper understanding of the source mechanism may provide a remote-sensing tool to complement glaciological observations of these large outlet glaciers. We model teleseismic surface-wave waveforms to obtain locations and centroid–single-force source parameters for 121 glacial earthquakes occurring in Greenland during the period 2006–2010. We combine these results with those obtained by previous workers to analyze spatial and temporal trends in glacial-earthquake occurrence over the 18-year period from 1993–2010. We also examine earthquake occurrence at six individual glaciers, comparing the earthquake record to independently obtained observations of glacier change. Our findings confirm the inference that glacial-earthquake seismogenesis occurs through the capsize of large, newly calved icebergs. We find a close correspondence between episodes of glacier retreat, thinning, and acceleration and the timing of glacial earthquakes, and document the northward progression of glacial earthquakes on Greenland's west coast over the 18-year observing period. Our results also show that glacial earthquakes occur when the termini of the source glaciers are very close to the glacier grounding line, i.e., when the glaciers are grounded or nearly grounded.
Advances in Mitigation of Injuries from Radiological Terrorism or Nuclear Accidents

A program to deal with the medical consequences of a radiological terrorism incident or a nuclear accident requires three principal components: (i) the technology to rapidly determine the radiation doses received by a large number of people, (ii) methods for alleviating acute hematological radiation injuries, and (iii) approved drugs for mitigation of chronic radiation injuries. Laboratory studies have shown that all these needs can be met theoretically. However, moving from the existing laboratory studies to a deployed program is not easy. The work that still needs to be done is expensive and time-consuming, and the move from the laboratory to the field may also face severe regulatory barriers.
Small Firm Audit Partner Hiring Crisis: A Role Play for Critical Thinking and Negotiation Skills

ABSTRACT: This role play requires students to consider the complexities of a small CPA firm urgently attempting to replace the unique industry knowledge and experience possessed by a terminally ill audit partner. In this role play, students assume the position of either an existing partner or a former partner who is considering rejoining the firm. This role play includes two sections. First, in the planning stage, students brainstorm mutually equivalent options that satisfy their critical financial and nonfinancial interests to address the problem of replacing the terminally ill partner in their respective existing partner and former partner teams. Second, students engage in a “table” negotiation with their assigned counterpart to reach an amicable agreement to this firm crisis and participate in a debriefing session and prepare a debriefing document. The small firm context provides a unique opportunity to make contributions to the existing accounting and auditing literature related to enhancing students'...
Design of PVT tolerant inverter based circuits for low supply voltages

The design of differential pair based OTAs is becoming increasingly difficult in finer geometries due to lower supply voltages. Inverter based designs have proven to have better transconductance efficiency, higher swing and better linearity but have degraded CMRR, worse PSRR and limited PVT tolerance. In this tutorial, we discuss traditional amplifiers and why inverter based amplifiers are better suited for lower supplies. We then describe the design procedure for inverter based OTA designs with an emphasis on improving their performance, including PVT tolerance, CMRR and PSRR. In particular, we introduce new biasing techniques for inverters to improve their PVT tolerance. We finally validate our designs using measurement results from a number of fabricated designs.
Persistence of external chloride and DIDS binding after chemical modification of Glu-681 in human band 3.

Although its primary function is monovalent anion exchange, the band 3 protein also cotransports divalent anions together with protons at low pH. The putative proton binding site, Glu-681 in human ...
Thesaurus-aided search

Among emerging technologies, the Internet is the most prominent. The Internet is usually considered the democratizing medium of shared knowledge because its decentralized structure allows anyone to publish and search for any type of information, Nevertheless, many advocates of the Internet often confuse access to information with access to relevant information, We all agree the Internet provides the ideal platform for global access to information, but important issues must be addressed for the Internet to achieve its full potential as a tool for global access, As Brian Pinkerton states, "The World Wide Web is decentralized, dynamic and diverse; navigation is difficult and finding information can be a challenge" (Pinkerton, 1994); And yet there are few tools to integrate and organize related and relevant information from different sources.
Do They Care? An Experiment Exploring Millennials' Perception of Source Credibility in Radio Broadcast News

This experimental study looked at the attitude of millennials—primarily self-identified White college students 18 to 22 years old—toward broadcast news sources. Several radio news stories were created and used as stimulus material (on 2 themes—economy and social media technology). Participants rated their impressions of the reporters, external sources, and stories. Factor analysis yielded 4 factors: source credibility and altruism, and message credibility and importance. ANOVA, MANOVA, and t-tests revealed that young people's attitudes differed little when evaluating external sources or journalist sources. The primary exception was stories about social media technology, when journalist sources were identified by participants as more credible than external sources. Implications for future research and the industry are discussed, as well as limitations pertaining to this study.
Assembly of the Auxiliary Chlorophyll ab Light-Harvesting Antenna of PhotoSystem-II in Chloroplasts

The light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHC-II) contains several polypeptides with molecular masses in the range 30–25 kDa, the products of a nuclear cab multi-gene family [9,16]. Structural studies have led to the proposal of molecular models in which LHC-II is assembled as a trimeric complex in the thylakoid membrane [15], with each polypeptide component of the trimer proposed to bind 7 chlorophyll a and 6 Chl b molecules [26]. In addition to the basic trimeric assembly, there exist within the antenna of PSII additional Chl ab-binding polypeptides which are distinct in terms of their immunological cross-reactivity [7,14] and Chl complement [1,13,26]. Solubilization studies suggest that these lower abundance complexes may occupy positions between the bulk of the LHC-II antenna and the PSII-core, and may therefore function as intermediates in excitation energy transfer from antenna to reaction centre [5,6].
Hydrophobic‐Driven, Metallomacrocyclic Assembly – Towards Quantitative Construction

A series of coordination-driven, heteroleptic self-assembled, bowtie-shaped bis-macrocycles were designed and constructed by combining tetrakis(terpyridinyl)thianthrene and bis-terpyridine, 60°-directed, Ru2+ dimers. The resulting complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS coupled with travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry (ESI-TWIM-MS) experiments. The desired bis-macrocycles were obtained in quantitative yields through the use of long alkyl-chain substituents, in contrast to the lower yields obtained for smaller alkyl moieties.
Nestling sex-ratio variation in Western Bluebirds

ABsTRAcr.-We tested five hypotheses for facultative manipulation of sex ratios in a population of Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) studied for 13 years in California. Based on 2,187 nestlings from 549 broods, the overall mean (? SE) proportion of males was 51.9 + 1.1%, not significantly different from 50%. Sex ratios of nestlings were significantly biased in only 1 of 13 years, and we failed to detect any significant bias related to brood reduction, breeder female age, presence of helper males, first-egg date, condition of the breeder female, or annual differences in environmental conditions. These results allow us to reject all five hypotheses, including: (1) nestling size dimorphism and local resource competition, both of which predict a female-biased sex ratio; (2) local resource enhancement via the "repayment model" of Emlen et al. (1986), which predicts a more male-biased sex ratio than we observed; and (3) seasonal changes in either maternal condition or nestling condition, both of which predict shifts in sex ratios not observed in our data. These results prompt us to urge caution when reporting sex-ratio biases in natural populations and when interpreting published studies, many of which suffer from small sample sizes, post hoc analyses, and insufficiently conservative statistical tests. Sex-ratio biases in birds are uncommon, and considerable data will be necessary to determine which hypotheses (if any) are sufficiently robust to regularly select for avian sex ratios that deviate significantly from 50:50. Received 22 January 1996, accepted 20 June 1996.
The Synthesis of Cyclic Poly(ethylene imine) and Exact Linear Analogues: An Evaluation of Gene Delivery Comparing Polymer Architectures.

The delivery of genetic material to cells offers the potential to treat many genetic diseases. Cationic polymers, specifically poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), are promising gene delivery vectors due to their inherent ability to condense genetic material and successfully affect its transfection. However, PEI and many other cationic polymers also exhibit high cytotoxicity. To systematically study the effect of polymer architecture on gene delivery efficiency and cell cytotoxicity, a set of cyclic PEIs were prepared for the first time and compared to a set of linear PEIs of the exact same molecular weight. Subsequent in vitro transfection studies determined a higher transfection efficiency for each cyclic PEI sample when compared to its linear PEI analogue in addition to reduced toxicity relative to the branched PEI “gold standard” control. These results highlight the critical role that the architecture of PEI can play in both optimizing transfection and reducing cell toxicity.
Experience, Executive Functioning, and the Environment: An Analysis of Factors That Affect Scanning Ability

Date Presented 4/18/2015 Scanning the environment is a critical safe driving skill. In this poster session, we provide research evidence for a new computer-based assessment used to screen an individual’s scanning ability. Results include differentiating scores for young drivers with and without executive dysfunction.
Teaching Systemic Risk: An In-Class Simulation for Diverse Audiences

This article shows how an in-class simulation can be used to teach the joint failure probability of statistically independent failures, and then to teach the more complex problem of system or "common-mode" failure. The technique has many potential applications, but here focuses on bank failures as a readily accessible application. This teaching simulation has been successfully presented to diverse audiences since 2011. The original audience consisted of high school, community college and university instructors and the case has since been taught to additional continuing education groups and 400-level Economics students.
Investigation and analysis of severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in Yuxi City during 2010-2011

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features, complications, treatment and pathogenic characteristics of severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Yuxi City during 2010-2011. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze age, gender, geographical and onset time distribution of severe HFMD cases, and the data involving the diagnosis and treat- ment were analyzed as well. Fluorescent reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction was used for laboratory detection. Results Of 330 severe HFMD cases, children under the age of 3 accounted for the largest proportion (86.36%). These severe cases were widely distributied in the counties and districts of Yuxi city, and more cases were found in Hongta district, Ershan county and Yimen county. HFMD mostly occurred from May to October. The severe HFMD cases were mainly among diaspora children and rural children. Up to 36.06% of the severe HFMD cases selected private clinics for the first diagnosis, and the confirmed diagnosis rate was 42.86%. The severe HFMD cases developed the complications of various systems. Laboratory findings showed that severe cases were mainly infected by enterovirus 71. Conclusions Severe cases occurring in HFMD epidemics in Yuxi City during 2010-2011 are widely distributed with high incidence. The differences in onste time, geographical and population distribution are significant. HFMD has become a major infectious disease in Yuxi city, and efforts in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HFMD in primary health care institutions should be strengthened.
Diagnostic Modalities in Abdominal Trauma: Peritoneal Lavage, Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography Scanning, and Arteriography

Numerous algorithms encompassing the diagnostic studies described above have been published in recent years. For practical purposes, diagnostic peritoneal lavage and CT scanning are the diagnostic studies most commonly used in patients without obvious indications for celiotomy after blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is invasive, rapidly performed, cheap, and accurate and has a primary role in documenting intra-abdominal bleeding or contamination in hypotensive patients with blunt trauma or selected stable patients with penetrating stab wounds. It misses small and large injuries to the diaphragm and cannot rule out injury to retroperitoneal structures. Computed tomography is noninvasive, time consuming to perform, expensive, and accurate and has a primary role in defining the location and magnitude of intra-abdominal injuries in stable patients with blunt trauma or with penetrating trauma to the flank or back. In many hospitals, it misses gastrointestinal perforations or ruptures. Both studies may be needed in the same stable patient, and both should be available and used in a complementary fashion in the modern trauma center.
Advancements in fragility analysis using numerical calibration methods for a horizontally curved RC bridge

Abstract Horizontally curved reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers are subjected to combined actions of axial, shear, bending and torsion. The interaction between these combined forces in the highly inelastic range significantly influences the response of the bridge piers. In this paper, a three-dimensional fiber-based finite element model of a curved bridge is developed. The model is then calibrated based on experimental data. The calibration process is conducted with the objective of developing a computationally inexpensive model that can accurately mimic the response of bridge piers subjected to complex multi-directional earthquake loading conditions. An evaluation of the seismic fragility relationships of a curved bridge is undertaken using the initial (un-calibrated) and calibrated numerical models. The results from both models indicate that combined forces interaction significantly affect fragility relationships.
Killing Social Movements from the Outside and the Inside

Although research has advanced our understanding of demobilization a great deal, existing scholarship has not really acknowledged that the factors outside of social movement organizations could interact with factors inside SMOs to kill them (e.g., Connable and Libicki 2010; for important exceptions, see Martin and Dixon 2010; McLaughlin and Pearlman 2012). Within this chapter, I wish to develop this newer, third way to think about how social movement organizations are demobilized. To guide this discussion, I initially overlay the two types of influences described in the last chapter (three external and five internal). Doing this reveals fifteen distinct combinations, which will be discussed here. The combinations most relevant to the current book are those involving state repression. These combinations are important not only for what they tell us about how SMOs are influenced; they also serve to guide us in what we should look for when examining the topic, because most of those involved in challenging governments have some idea of what these combinations are and develop countermeasures to offset their negative effects. Similarly, in an effort to counter the countermeasures, governments engage in activities to weaken social movement resilience to their efforts, thereby facilitating social movement demise. As I discuss, not all efforts put forward by the different actors “work” (i.e., achieve their objectives – at least in the short term), and thus the interaction continues back and forth until one side has the advantage. The chapter concludes by outlining different scenarios as well as the dynamic interplay between state and challenger activities and counteractivities. Additionally, I identify some likely trajectories of challenger survival and demobilization. Killing Movements As conceived, most of the intersections between internal and external factors in social movement demobilization identified in the following are straightforward (Table 2.1). Moreover, most of them are explicitly intended by political authorities who attempt to exacerbate perceived limitations within challenger institutions. This does not mean that governments are all powerful and succeed in these efforts. Indeed, unintended consequences are more than possible. Rather, it means that the relevant authority intends to facilitate those internal-external intersections.
Quantum Mind and Social Science: Panpsychism and neutral monism

Although this book is about the implications for social science of a quantum approach to the mind, much of that potential stems from its ability to integrate consciousness – a particular aspect of the mind – into a naturalistic worldview. And when it comes to the hard problem, quantum brain theory is only a necessary condition for such integration, not sufficient. Necessary, because it would enable the body to exploit for macro-level purposes a physical but non- material space for consciousness at the quantum level – collapse of the wave function – that does not exist in classical physics. Insufficient, however, because quantum brain theory embodies an objective, third-person standpoint and as such can tell us no more than classical brain theory can about why brains have a subjective, first-person point of view in the first place. The explanatory gap is still there, in other words, only now pushed down into quantum theory. To cross this gap, therefore, in addition to a new physics of the brain we will need a new meta -physics as well. As I argue in this chapter, it is this metaphysics that does the real work in solving the mind–body problem. Most social scientists have an instinctive aversion to ‘metaphysics,’ which in our world connotes wooly-headed and speculative thinking that has no place in science. Yet in moving onto this terrain the situation is both worse and better than that. It is worse because we have no choice. The Neuron Doctrine itself is based on a metaphysic, materialism, which looks increasingly unlikely to ever explain consciousness; and in thinking about the meaning of quantum theory metaphysical debate can hardly be avoided, precisely because physics provides little guidance for choosing among its interpretations. So the only question is whether to change our metaphysics of the brain from classical to quantum.
Low profile tsop approach for MSL 1 delamination free

A low profile TSOP package has the history of die paddle and lead post delamination after pre-con MSL 1 reflow 260°C.
Species delineation in the Capitella species complex (Annelida: Capitellidae): geographic and genetic variation in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Capitella capitata was traditionally used as a biological indicator species due to its ubiquitous distribution and high densities in disturbed and polluted marine and estuarine sediments. Based on allozyme and developmental studies, it is now clear that C. capitata is a species complex consisting of multiple distinct lineages worldwide, including the recently described C. teleta, a model species for spiralian development. The coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, with its numerous bays and estuaries and frequently occurring natural and anthropogenic disturbances, provides an appropriate region for such studies. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene for individuals of C. cf. capitata and C. cf. aciculata (distinguished by acicular spines on the first two chaetigers) collected from Texas and Florida coasts and analyzed them in conjunction with data available in GenBank. Our results indicate the presence of a Gulf of Mexico clade that is distinct from populations in Canada and the Indo-Pacific. Populations in the northern Gulf of Mexico are structured geographically, with support for Texas and Florida clades, and there do not seem to be clear boundaries between C. cf. capitata and C. cf. aciculata. This is corroborated by the fact that multiple specimens were morphologically intermediate between the two species. In future studies, we aim to clarify whether the intermediate morphologies represent ontogenetic stages, neutral morphological variation, phenotypic plasticity, or sexual dimorphism in a single species or whether several lineages with incomplete reproductive barriers are present.
Framing an Accusation in Dialogue: Kafka’s Letter to His Father and Sarraute’s Childhood

Kafka in the Letter to His Father mimics a courtroom trial with pleadings and rejoinders; Sarraute in Childhood tells her story in the form of a dialogue between herself and an initially confrontational, later complicit interlocutor. Curiously, both autobiographical texts have accusatory agendas. Kafka levels an accusation against his father, Sarraute against her mother. Following Rousseau, autobiographies that accuse others and/or vindicate the self are not rare, but the art of accusation is delicate: in order to stick and not boomerang on the writer, the accusation must be persuasively delivered. This paper examines how Kafka and Sarraute, both lawyers by profession, balance the dialogue form and the accusation. It is argued that each writer uses his or her version of the dialogue tactically, to accuse the parent while camouflaging the accusatory agenda, but in the end to win the case. This article was submitted on August 29th 2016, and published on November 28th, 2016.
Infection and Inflammation: Catalysts of Pulmonary Morbidity in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent pulmonary morbidity among survivors of prematurity. While the precise cause remains unknown, both antenatal factors, and specifically chorioamnionitis, as well as bacterial sepsis, cytomegalovirus infection, and respiratory viral infections have been associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. This chapter will focus on the impact that inflammation and infection have on the development of BPD in preterm infants and its long-term pulmonary morbidities. Knowledge of the respiratory tract microbiome and virome and their role in the development of BPD constitutes a major knowledge gap in our continuing efforts to decrease the incidence of BPD and its consequences.
Son Preference of Immigrants to the United States: Data from U.S. Birth Certificates, 2004-2013.

Son preference has existed for centuries in many cultures and societies. In some Asian countries, including China and India, the sex ratio at birth (SRB, number of male infants divided by number of female infants times 100) is elevated above the worldwide biological norm of about 105. We investigate whether this ratio is elevated in the U.S. for immigrant women. We analyze U.S. birth certificates for 2004–2013 and categorize births by mother’s and father’s race/ethnicity; mother’s place of birth, and birth order of the child. The SRB is elevated for two groups of women: Chinese women born in China for children of birth order 2 and higher, and Indian women born in India for children of birth order 3 and higher. The SRB is not elevated for Chinese and Indian women born in the U.S., nor for Mexican women, Black women, nor White women, regardless of place of birth. The race/ethnicity of the child’s father does not appear to be a strong factor in the SRB. In the early twenty-first century the elevated SRB for Chinese and Indian women born in China and India respectively suggests sex selection for higher order births in the U.S.
Prognostic Relevance of Treatment Failure Patterns in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Is There a Role for a Revised Failure Classification System?

Purpose We sought to investigate the pattern of treatment failure with respect to anatomic extent, radiation dose, and criteria for failure according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO). We evaluated the corresponding prognostic significance of these factors in patients with pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG). Methods and Materials Fifty-six patients with pHGG were enrolled in an institutional phase 1 to 2 prospective trial that included maximal safe resection and radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant erlotinib. The radiation therapy dose administered was 54 to 59.4 Gy at 1.8 Gy/d. Tumor progression was defined according to clinical symptoms and imaging features and was classified in relation to the original extent of the tumor, radiation prescription target volume coverage, and RANO criteria (RANOc). Results With a median follow-up period of 90 months (range, 70-124 months), progression occurred in 48 patients (85.7%) while 8 (14.3%) were without progression. Central failure represented 42.6% of the total cohort, while in-field, marginal, and distant failures occurred in 7.4%, 9.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Patients with biopsy or subtotal resection had increased rates of central failure and represented 14.81% and 16.67% of the total cohort, respectively. Tumor progression was classified as local, local plus distant, or distant. Among patients with local failure as a component of failure, 5 were considered to have marginal failure. Patients with frontal, temporal, and parietal disease had the highest rates of multifocal failure. A comparison between responses defined by RANOc demonstrated varied time to death (TTD) from progression. Conclusions Pediatric high-grade glioma was shown to have high rates of central failure, particularly in cases with limited resection. Patients with central failure had a trend toward more prolonged TTD from failure relative to other failure patterns. The low marginal failure rates seen in this group suggest that less conservative radiation target margins may be possible. TTD from failure varied according to RANO type, suggesting that adult RANOc require modification before being applied to pHGG.
Penal Tourism and the Paradox of (In)Humane Punishment

Many postmodern inquiries into dark tourism examine the ways in which the unethical use of science and technology contribute to human rights atrocities, the classic case being Holocaust museums (Dekel 2013; Lennon and Foley 2010). Similarly, many prison museums consider the extent to which authorities have tapped into the scientific and technological potential for maltreatment, torture and execution (Welch 2009, 2011; see Becker and Wetzell 2007). The Old Melbourne Gaol, as one example, exhibits flogging by situating corporal punishment alongside anatomy and medicine. Standing nearly 8 feet high, a daunting structure known as the lashing triangle is accompanied by a poster depicting its use. Prisoners sentenced to a lashing [for offenses that ranged from abusing a warder to swearing] were tied face down to this frame.
Postmodern Allegory and 1960s Melancholy in Pynchon’s Inherent Vice

ABSTRACTThe tail end of the 1960s saw the closing of two major sites of utopian potential and imagining: the waning of enthusiasm about deep-sea exploration and the disillusionment of radical social movements with the emerging conservatism of the 1970s. These two sites come together in Thomas Pynchon’s Inherent Vice, where a drug-addled and waning counterculture finds its hopes and disillusionments bound up in the myth of a sunken continent in the Pacific Ocean. Reading this continent, Lemuria, as a heterotopia, and applying an archetypal, psychological, and spatial reading to a novel normally read as an exemplar of postmodern aesthetics and paranoid epistemologies allows for a rethinking of postmodern allegory as not necessarily disruptive of a historical continuum, but as confused, melancholy, and fundamentally lost.
Traditional Science–Practice Research in I-O: Are We Missing the Trees for the Forest?

Abraham Lincoln was fond of saying “killing the dog does not cure the bite” when referring to problems and their persnickety pervasiveness. When thinking about the problems facing the industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology profession, there is no greater source of frustration than the gap between a scientist's findings and the application of those findings to practice. In recent years, organizations such as the White House Behavioral Sciences unit, the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) Foundation in partnership with The Economist Intelligence Unit, and many others have explored the gap between research and practice and have highlighted every major derailer, from delays associated with peer-reviewed publication cycles to a lacking infrastructure for bringing science to practitioners. In 2014, the SHRM Foundation even went so far as to implement a strategy based on driving research directly to practitioners through executive round table forums. Despite the best efforts to identify strategies for closing the gap, many organizations have failed to find the optimal means for bringing I-O psychology research to the masses of human resource (HR) practitioners and, in many cases, even I-O psychology practitioners dealing with significant organizational issues.
Longitudinal associations between dental caries increment and risk factors in late childhood and adolescence.

Objectives To assess longitudinal associations between permanent tooth caries increment and both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, using best subsets model selection. Methods The Iowa Fluoride Study has followed a birth cohort with standardized caries exams without radiographs of the permanent dentition conducted at about ages 9, 13, and 17 years. Questionnaires were sent semi-annually to assess fluoride exposures and intakes, select food and beverage intakes, and tooth brushing frequency. Exposure variables were averaged over ages 7-9, 11-13, and 15-17, reflecting exposure 2 years prior to the caries exam. Longitudinal models were used to relate period-specific averaged exposures and demographic variables to adjusted decayed and filled surface increments (ADJCI) (n = 392). The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to assess optimal explanatory variable combinations. Results From birth to age 9, 9-13, and 13-17 years, 24, 30, and 55 percent of subjects had positive permanent ADJCI, respectively. Ten models had AIC values within two units of the lowest AIC model and were deemed optimal based on AIC. Younger age, being male, higher mother's education, and higher brushing frequency were associated with lower caries increment in all 10 models, while milk intake was included in 3 of 10 models. Higher milk intakes were slightly associated with lower ADJCI. Conclusions With the exception of brushing frequency, modifiable risk factors under study were not significantly associated with ADJCI. When possible, researchers should consider presenting multiple models if fit criteria cannot discern among a group of optimal models.
Students With Emotional–Behavioral Disorders as Cross-Age Tutors: A Synthesis of the Literature:

The purpose of this quantitative synthesis was to evaluate the effectiveness and related outcomes of the cross-age tutoring model when students with or at risk for emotional–behavioral disorders (E...