cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flexible distributions for triple-goal estimates in two-stage hierarchical models

Performance evaluations often aim to achieve goals such as obtaining estimates of unit-specific means, ranks, and the distribution of unit-specific parameters. The Bayesian approach provides a powerful way to structure models for achieving these goals. While no single estimate can be optimal for achieving all three inferential goals, the communication and credibility of results will be enhanced by reporting a single estimate that performs well for all three. Triple goal estimates [Shen and Louis, 1998. Triple-goal estimates in two-stage hierarchical models. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 60, 455-471] have this performance and are appealing for performance evaluations. Because triple-goal estimates rely more heavily on the entire distribution than do posterior means, they are more sensitive to misspecification of the population distribution and we present various strategies to robustify triple-goal estimates by using nonparametric distributions. We evaluate performance based on the correctness and efficiency of the robustified estimates under several scenarios and compare empirical Bayes and fully Bayesian approaches to model the population distribution. We find that when data are quite informative, conclusions are robust to model misspecification. However, with less information in the data, conclusions can be quite sensitive to the choice of population distribution. Generally, use of a nonparametric distribution pays very little in efficiency when a parametric population distribution is valid, but successfully protects against model misspecification.
Dyslexic adolescents: evidence of impaired visual and auditory language processing associated with normal lateralization and visual responsivity.

Summary The questions of whether chronically dyslexic adolescent suffer any deficits of simple language stimulus processing or are less left hemisphere dominant than normal reading controls were addressed. The dyslexics were chosen for clarity of their specific reading problem and were older than dyslexics previously studied with lateralizing tests. Tasks administered in Experiment I were unilateral and bilateral tachistoscopic word recognitions and a tachistoscopic recognition reporttime task for single lateralized letter stimuli. Experiment II, conducted a year later, readministered these tasks with modifications, and added dichotic digits and motor reaction time-stimulus detection tasks. It was concluded that right handed, chronic dyslexics: (1) possess left hemisphere language specialization; (2) show normal interhemispheric processing delays for single letter stimuli; (3) are, unlike nondyslexic but equally poor-reading S s, clearly impaired in their efficiency of visual and auditory processing of simple language stimuli; (4) possess clear auditory memory deficits for verbal material; and (5) may possess an additional deficit of left hemisphere visual association area function.
Accessibility of the team physician.

The transition to the care of the college student-athlete carries with it a number of adjustments. In private practice it is customary to make medical decisions and initiate therapies from the confines of the examination room. The doctor-patient relationship is the principal focus. Although this relationship remains paramount in college athletics, the world of concerned and affected parties dramatically expands. It is in this context that the authors explore the concept of access in the role of a team physician. To use what is becoming an over used cliche, what makes one a valued team physician is being "the right person, in the right place at the right time."
Biodegradable sponges for hepatocyte transplantation

Liver cell transplantation may provide a means to replace lost or deficient liver tissue, but devices capable of delivering hepatocytes to a desirable anatomic location and guiding the development of a new tissue from these cells and the host tissue are needed. We have investigated whether sponges fabricated from poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) infiltrated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) would meet these requirements. Highly porous sponges (porosity = 90-95%) were fabricated from PLA using a particulate leaching technique. To enable even and efficient cell seeding, the devices were infiltrated with the hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This reduced their contact angle with water from 79 to 23 degrees, but did not inhibit the ability of hepatocytes to adhere to the polymer. Porous sponges of PLA infiltrated with PVA readily absorbed aqueous solutions into 98% of their pore volume, and could be evenly seeded with high densities (5 x 10(7) cells/mL) of hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-seeded devices were implanted into the mesentery of laboratory rats, and 6 +/- 2 x 10(5) of the hepatocytes engrafted per sponge. Fibrovascular tissue invaded through the devices' pores, leading to a composite tissue consisting of hepatocytes, blood vessels and fibrous tissue, and the polymer sponge.
When did Louis Pasteur present his memoir on the discovery of molecular chirality to the Académie des sciences? Analysis of a discrepancy.

Louis Pasteur presented his historic memoir on the discovery of molecular chirality to the Academie des sciences in Paris on May 22nd, 1848. The literature, however, nearly completely ignores this date, widely claiming instead May 15th, 1848, which first surfaced in 1922 in Pasteur's collected works edited by his grandson Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot. On May 21st, 1848, i.e., one day before Pasteur's presentation in Paris, his mother died in Arbois, eastern France. Informed at an unknown point in time that she was “very ill,” Pasteur left for Arbois only after his presentation. Biographies of Pasteur by his son-in-law Rene Vallery-Radot or the grandson, and Pasteur's collected correspondence edited by the grandson are incomprehensibly laconic or silent about the historic presentation. While no definite conclusions are possible, the evidence strongly suggests a deliberate alteration of the record by the biographer relatives, presumably for fear of adverse public judgment of Pasteur for a real or perceived insensitivity to a grave family medical emergency. Such fear would have been in accord with their hagiographic portrayal of Pasteur, and the findings raise questions concerning the extent of their zeal in protecting his “demigod” image. Universal recognition of the true date of Pasteur's announcement of molecular chirality is long overdue. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Seasat data applications by commercial users

The Seasat Program was initiated as a proof-of-concept mission to evaluate the effectiveness of a study of remotely sensed oceanographic phenomena from a satellite platform. From its inception the Seasat Program has been user-oriented. The user comprised three major segments of the ocean community, including academic users, users within various government agencies, and commercial users. Commercial users represent a broad spectrum of commercial marine industries. The commercial users proposed to NASA to carry out a pilot demonstration to assess the utility of Seasat data in the private sector. The commercial users' program is considered along with case studies that utilize Seasat data, and aspects of real-time system operation. Attention is given to the potential value of an employment of synthetic aperture radar, the altimeter, the scatterometer, and the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer.
Increasing patient satisfaction and compliance: An examination of physician humor orientation, compliance‐gaining strategies, and perceived credibility

This study examined the impact that patients' perceptions of a physician's humor orientation, credibility, and compliance‐gaining strategies had on their satisfaction and compliance. Perceived physician humor orientation positively related to perceived physician credibility, physician compliance‐gaining strategies, and patient satisfaction. Other positive relationships among perceived physician credibility, physician compliance gaining strategies, and patient satisfaction emerged. Compliance did relate significantly to physician humor orientation and perceived credibility. Aspects of patient satisfaction and physician use of compliance‐gaining strategies affected compliance. Additionally, this study revealed minimal differences among data collection methods (undergraduate (N = 44), graduate (N = 48), general public (N = 66), and online participation (N = 26)).
Disarming Pathogens — A New Approach for Antibiotic Development

Effective treatment of a mouse model of cholera demonstrates a new strategy for developing antibiotics: targeting the expression of virulence proteins.
Rethinking Hardware-Software Codesign for Exascale Systems

The rapid and disruptive changes anticipated in hardware design over this next decade necessitate a more agile development process, such as the hardware-software co-design processes developed for rapid product development in the embedded space. This article will describe the structure of the co-design process as applied to supercomputing systems, introduce the role of architectural simulation and code analysis to enable co-design, and describe the CoDEx project that is developing tools to accelerate the iterative co-design cycle for the DOE exascale computing program.
Burgers, Donuts, Finance, Politics, and You

Is tax inversion the next new financial strategy for hotels and restaurants in the U.S.? With Burger King and Tim Hortons' announcement, the stock prices of both companies have seen an increase. This article addresses the concept of tax inversion and highlights its effects on the corporations involved, the shareholders, the industry, the regular consumers, and the government.
Dose-related growth deficits in LS but not SS mice prenatally exposed to alcohol.

Genetically based alcohol sensitivity may influence the severity of alcohol-related birth defects. To examine this question, measures of growth and survival were examined in offspring of the alcohol sensitive Long-Sleep (LS) and alcohol-resistant Short-Sleep (SS) mouse lines following prenatal ethanol exposure. Pregnant LS and SS mice received an ethanol dose of either 6 or 8 g/kg/day from days 7 through 18 of pregnancy. Control groups received a maltose-dextrin solution made isocaloric to the 8 g/kg/day dose. Ethanol and maltose-dextrin solutions were administered as split doses, 6 h apart, via gavage. Nonintubated lab chow control groups were also included for both mouse lines. Offspring were fostered at birth to lactating mice of an outbred stock. Pregnancy was longer for ethanol-treated LS dams compared to maltose-dextrin and lab chow LS control groups, whereas pregnancy length for ethanol-treated SS dams was similar to SS controls. Prenatal ethanol exposure resulted in dose-related growth deficits in LS but not in SS litters. Line differences in postnatal growth deficits in response to prenatal alcohol exposure suggest maternal or fetal alcohol sensitivity influence alcohol-related birth defects.
Simulating anisotropic thermal conduction in supernova remnants – I. Numerical methods

Anisotropic thermal conduction plays an important role in various astrophysical systems. One of the most stringent tests of thermal conduction can be found in supernova remnants. In this paper we study anisotropic thermal conduction and examine the physical nature of the flux of thermal conduction in the classical and saturated limits. We also present a temporally second-order accurate implicit-explicit scheme for the time-update of thermal conduction terms within a numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) scheme. Several useful tests are presented showing that the method works well. We also present a convergence study of the hot gas produced in thermally conducting, magnetized supernova remnants and show that the resolutions used here provide reasonably accurate results.
Respiratory frequency control during external elastic loading and chest compression.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine if extravagal (i.e. chest wall) respiratory mechanoreceptors are involved in the control of respiratory frequency during steady-state external elastic loading (EEL) and chest compression (CC) in the anesthetized (Dial), vagotomized cat and dog. Frequency versus PaCO2 curves obtained by breathing CO2 mixtures were compared with curves obtained during elastic loading and chest compression. There was no significant difference between the CO2 and EEL curves in cats or dogs indicating there is no extravagal mechanoreceptor information contributing to the control of respiratory frequency during EEL. Comparison of curves obtained with chest compression and CO2 breathing show that dogs respond to chest compression with an extravagal (i.e. involving chest wall mechanoreceptors) neural reflex increase in frequency.
Vitamin A requirements of laying hens.

Abstract IN RECENT years a number of reports have appeared on studies designed to establish satisfactory minimum levels of vitamin A for hens in production. For the most part, a vitamin A deficient basal ration was used, to which vitamin A was added by means of yellow corn, dried alfalfa, or fish oils Some doubt logically exists, under.such dietary schedules, whether the results obtained may have been entirely free from the influence of varying the content of other vitamins in the diet, apart from that of vitamin A. In an effort to avoid this criticism, we have used diets conforming as closely as possible to practical formulas and containing adequate uniform levels of the other known vitamin factors, as well as protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and minerals. METHODS Basal Diet An all-mash diet was used having the following composition: Sardine meal, extracted 7.0 Dry skimmilk 5.0 Dried alfalfa, extracted 5.0 Wheat . . .
A Linear Algebraic Analysis of Diffusion Synthetic Acceleration for the Boltzmann Transport Equation II: The Simple Corner Balance Method

In this paper we apply the development and linear algebraic analysis of the diffusion synthetic acceleration method presented in [S. F. Ashby, P. N. Brown, M. R. Dorr, and A. C. Hindmarsh, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 32 (1995), pp. 128-178] to a different spatial discretization. Our model equation is the monoenergetic, steady-state, linear Boltzmann transport equation in slab geometry. The discretization consists of a discrete ordinates collocation in angle and the simple corner balance method in space. By expressing diffusion synthetic acceleration in this formalism, asymptotic results are obtained that prove the effectiveness of the associated preconditioner in various limiting cases, including the asymptotic diffusion limit. These results hold for problems with nonconstant coefficients and nonuniform spatial zoning posed on finite domains with an incident flux at the boundaries. Numerical results confirm the theoretical estimates.
Anomalous Seebeck Coefficient in Boron Carbides

Boron carbides exhibit an anomalously large Seebeck coefficient with a temperature coefficient that is characteristic of polaronic hopping between inequivalent sites. The inequivalence in the sites is associated with disorder in the solid. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient for materials prepared by different techniques provides insight into the nature of the disorder.
Improving outcomes on the ABS Certifying Examination: can monthly mock orals do it?

Purpose First-time pass rates on the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination (ABSCE) have now become one of the standards of excellence to evaluate residency programs. Our residency program started monthly simulated and critiqued (verbal, written, and video) oral examinations (MSCE) in 2003. The current study explores the outcomes of this intervention. Methods We evaluated ABSCE performance of 48 residents who graduated from a large academic/community program between the years 2001 and 2006 though a prospective study with historical controls. Residents were divided into 2 groups: The intervention group comprised the 2003 to 2006 classes, which underwent MSCE; the historical control group spanned the 2001 and 2002 classes, which did not undergo MSCE. Results in the ABSCE were compared between groups using the Fisher exact test. In addition, the intervention group was queried in relation to the most important aspects of the MSCE as a learning experience through a structured questionnaire. Results A statistically significant improvement (p = 0.038) in ABSCE first-time pass rates was noted in the intervention group. Examinees unanimously asserted they had been helped by the MSCE. Improvements in clinical reasoning and promotion of self-study were the most often cited benefits of the MSCE. Conclusion Monthly simulated and critiqued oral examinations improved the first-time pass rate of the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination. Additional perceived benefits of this intervention included improvements in clinical reasoning and promotion of self-study.
Momentum Transport by a Line of Cumulonimbus

Abstract The vertical transport of horizontal momentum normal to a line of cumulonimbus observed during GATE on 14 September 1974 is against the vertical momentum gradient, contrary to the predictions of mixing-length theory. Data from repeated aircraft passes normal to the line's axis at heights from 0.15 to 5.5 km are used to document the flux and determine its source. The flux is concentrated in roughly a 25 km wide “active zone” just behind the leading edge of the line, in kilometer-scale convective updrafts accelerated upward by buoyancy and toward the rear of the line by mesoscale pressure forces. The fall in mesoscale pressure from the leading edge to the rear of the active zone is mainly hydrostatic, resulting from relatively high virtual temperatures and the 60 degree tilt of the leading edge from the vertical, with the clouds at the surface well ahead of those aloft. Evaluation of the terms in the momentum-flux generation equation confirms that the above process, reflected by the velocity-buoyan...
Catalyzed reporter deposition, a novel method of signal amplification application to immunoassays

A novel signal amplification method, catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD), and its application to immunoassays is described. The method involves utilizing an analyte-dependent reporter enzyme (ADRE) to catalyze the deposition of additional reporter on the surface in a solid-phase immunoassay. In the examples described, deposition of reporter is facilitated by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) ADRE to catalyze the deposition of biotin labeled phenols. The deposited biotins are then reacted with streptavidin-labeled enzyme, thereby resulting in deposition of enzyme. Using the ADRE to catalyze the deposition of additional enzyme results in an amplification of the signal of the ADRE alone and improves the detection limit of the assay. The method is highly sensitive, simple, flexible, and easy to implement.
Challenging Neck Anatomy Is Associated With Need for Intraoperative Endovascular Adjuncts During Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

Background The purpose of this study was to determine which proximal seal zone characteristics were predictive of early and late type Ia endoleak development after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease. Methods We evaluated 146 patients who underwent EVAR between January 2006 and March 2007. In the cohort, high-resolution computed tomography images of 100 (68.5%) patients were available, which showed detailed measurement of proximal neck parameters, including diameter, length, calcification, thrombus, suprarenal and infrarenal angles, and reverse taper morphology. Postprocessing of digital data sets was performed to obtain centerline-of-flow measurements. Relevant medical records and follow-up computed tomography scans were reviewed. Results Mean age of the patients was 72.7 years, with 78% being male. Of these patients, 66% did not satisfy the instructions for use for the Zenith EVAR device, and 50% did not satisfy the instructions for use for the AneuRx device. Nine patients had intraoperative type Ia endoleaks. A 100% assisted primary technical success rate was achieved with the adjunctive use of angioplasty ( n = 4), uncovered stent ( n = 3), and extension cuff ( n = 2) placement. There was a significant association between type Ia endoleak development and magnitude of the infrarenal angle ( p Conclusions Our data indicate that infrarenal angle is related to intraoperative type Ia endoleak occurrence, but other factors often thought to be indicative of adverse neck anatomy are not significant predictors. Moreover, all type Ia endoleaks in this cohort were successfully eliminated intraoperatively, and durability was confirmed on postoperative surveillance. These data demonstrate that challenging neck anatomy is associated with the need for intraoperative endovascular adjuncts, and that effective and durable aneurysm exclusion should still be expected.
Wide-band finite ground coplanar (FGC) interconnects for on-chip packaging of RF MEMS switches used in smart antennas and phased arrays

A wide-band finite ground coplanar (FGC) interconnect is presented for use in thermal compression bonded packages for RF MEMS devices that are used for the development of smart antennas and electronically steered phased arrays at up to 50 GHz. The fabrication process is compatible with standard IC fabrication techniques, and allows for simple, high-performance, and cost-effective on-chip packaging of such devices on the same substrate as the antenna elements. The measured attenuation is approximately 0.25 dB per interconnect, and is relatively constant from 2 to 50 GHz.
The Uniformization Problem for Complex Manifolds

The classical uniformization theorem of Riemann surfaces says that a simply connected Riemann surface is conformally equivalent to the Riemann sphere, the complex line, or the open unit 1-disc. As is well-known, this beautiful fact fails in higher dimensions. The set of complex structures on a nice contractible higher-dimensional complex manifold is huge and cannot be classified in such a simple manner. Therefore, in order to find a simple analog of the above uniformization theorem, one must impose more restrictions on the manifold. In this regard, one notices that the uniformization theorem can also be understood in differential geometry in the following manner. (i) Every compact surface with positive curvature is conformally equivalent to the Riemann sphere. (ii) Every noncompact complete surface with positive curvature is conformally equivalent to the complex line. (iii) Every simply connected complete surface with curvature bounded from above by a negative constant is conformally equivalent to the open unit 1-disc.
Rate-processes in proteins

Flash photolysis experiments on carbonmonoxymyoglobin over wide ranges in time and temperature provide information about the rate processes involved in the rebinding reaction. The non-exponential rebinding at low temperatures shows that the myoglobin molecules are frozen into a large number of conformational substates with different enthalpic barriers. Above 160 K we observe a relaxation process that shifts the peak of the barrier distribution from ∼ 10 kJ/mol to ∼ 21 kJ/mol. This process is non-exponential in time and does not obey the Arrhenius law. Above 220 K equilibrium fluctuations between the conformational substates lead to an averaging of the binding rate distribution and to the opening of pathways for the ligands to escape from the protein molecules.
Revealing the etiology of a left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance

A 59-year-old female with history of breast and ovarian CA was being evaluated because of an incidentally noted left ventricular mass on a routine follow-up breast MRI. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms detected a large pedunculated LV mass (6.4cm x 2.4cm) attached to the apex. A cardiac MRI was done to better characterize the mass. Spin echo weighted T1 and T2 sequences demonstrated a large cylindrical mass attached to the apex, nearly iso-intense with the myocardium that does not thicken with systole. Inversion recovery imaging sequence timed to null thrombus confirmed the mass to be a thrombus. Delayed enhancement imaging showed an antero-lateral-apical scar consistent with distal left anterior descending (LAD) artery infarct of the anterior left ventricular wall. The patient had no history of a prior MI and had no previous ischemic cardiac work up. Herein, we describe a rare case of an exceptionally large intracavitary thrombus overlying an apical infarct detected only by cardiac MRI in a patient with a probable hypercoagulable state from ovarian CA. from 13th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Phoenix, AZ, USA. 21-24 January 2010
Kinetics of nitric oxide formation in propane-air and hydrogen-air-diluent flames

Previous studies have indicated that the time required for nitric oxide to reach chemical equilibrium levels in combustion gases is significant in relation to the time scales of many combustion processes. As a consequence the total quantity of nitric oxide formed is generally less than the peak chemical equilibrium amount and is dependent upon the rate of nitric oxide formation. In the present work spectroscopic techniques have been used to measure the rate of formation of nitric oxide in high-pressure combustion processes employing propane-air mixtures and hydrogen-air-diluent mixtures as fuel and oxidizer. The experimental results demonstrate that in all cases significant formation of nitric oxide occurs primarily in postflame combustion gases. Preflame or in-flame reactions appear to be unimportant insofar as nitric oxide formation is concerned. Dilution of the fuel-air mixture with inert materials appears to reduce markedly the rate of formation of nitric oxide, the effect being most pronounced early in the process.
Highly compact surface micromachined metamaterial circuits using multilayers of low-loss Benzocyclobutene for microwave and millimeter wave applications

This work explores the implementation of highly compact three dimensional (3D) integrable metamaterial based transmission lines on a low resistivity CMOS grade silicon substrate for microwave and millimeter wave applications. The composite right-left handed (CRLH) architecture is able to be integrated with an integrated circuit (IC) using a multilayer surface micromachined fabrication process as a post-CMOS process. The fabrication process employs the negative tone photo sensitive Benzocyclobutene (BCB) as a low-loss dielectric interlayer material allowing packaging compatible high performance RF circuits. Since the low temperature and multilayer fabrication is compatible with CMOS/MEMS processes, it allows the batch fabrication of multiple devices and the easy implementation of 3D vertical interconnects. The design, modeling, fabrication and on-wafer characterization are presented for 50 Ω compact multilayer finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGC) CRLH unit cells and transmission lines for broadband and multiband operation at Ku and Ka frequencies of 14 GHz and 35 GHz, respectively. Also, the comparison between the simulation and measurement results up to 40 GHz on the aforementioned 3D electromagnetic structures is provided. The left handed capacitance and inductance components of the CRLH structures are implemented with photolithographically defined Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors and BCB embedded meander inductors, respectively, which allows the fabrication of very compact CRLH devices. The fabricated dual band unit cell features a size of λ 0 /30 at 14 GHz and an insertion loss of less than 2dB within the passband.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer Reconstitutes Depressed Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Levels and Shortens Prolonged Cardiac Myocyte Ca2+ Transients

Background Decreased expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase of the cardiac myocyte (SERCA2) and abnormal Ca2+ regulation have been independently linked to human heart failure. This study was designed to determine whether expression of a SERCA2 transgene could reconstitute depressed cardiac myocyte SERCA2 levels, augment SR Ca2+ uptake, and shorten prolonged excitation-contraction (EC)–associated Ca2+ transients in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NM). Methods and Results Cultured NM were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a compound that decreases endogenous SERCA2 expression and results in prolongation of EC-associated Ca2+ transients. PMA-treated NM had a 75% reduction in SERCA2 mRNA and a 40% reduction in SERCA2 protein levels. SERCA2 adenovirus infection increased SERCA2 mRNA expression to 2.5 times control and reconstituted SERCA2 protein levels in PMA-treated cells. This reconstitution was associated with a 32.4% reduction in the time for decline of the Indo-1 Ca2+ ...
Strategies for computer modeling.

Modeling is a ubiquitous and often misunderstood enterprise in which data from diverse disciplines are analyzed by techniques from other diverse disciplines in an attempt to confirm or falsify a set of hypotheses about the real world. Guidelines are offered for designing models to match the goals of modeling biological systems. Techniques for the construction and interpretation of models are discussed. The requirements for credibility of models are detailed, and tests are suggested for their validation.
Photochemistry of Mn2(CO)10

Abstract Flash photolysis studies on Mn2(CO)10 in cyclohexane and THF show that the dominant photochemistry involves photolytic formation of 2 Mn(CO)5 followed by recombination at rates near the diffusion-controlled limit. A second, relatively, long-lived intermediate is also observed and earlier observations of photodecomposition and photodisproportionation can be accounted for in terms of secondary photolysis of this intermediate. For the equilibrium: Mn2(CO)10 ⇌ 2 Mn(CO)5 △H ∼ 36 kcal/mol, △S ∼ 32 e.u., and K(25°C) ∼ 10−20 where the thermodynamic values have been estimated from kinetic measurements.
The Use of Fractional Conversion Technique to Investigate the Effects of Testing Parameters on Texture Degradation Kinetics

To study the effects of testing parameters on texture degradation, texture loss of potatoes heated at 80 degrees C was measured using an Instron universal testing machine as well as a texture analyzer under 2 instrument cross-head speeds, 2 sample sizes, and either compression or shear modes of mechanical deformation. Using the fractional conversion as a texture index, the kinetics of texture degradation of potatoes fitted a single 1st order reaction model, and the rate constant (or D value) was shown to be independent of the test used to determine the texture index. The average D value was 30+/-1.2 min at 80 degrees C.
Clamoring for attention in Mexico city: Manuel Maples Arce's avant-garde manifesto actual N° 1

Tatiana Flores is Assistant Profesor of Art History at Florida State University. She is currently working on a book on Estridentismo and the visual arts. Actual N° 1 is reprinted in Luis Mario Schn...
Dynamic and Double-Diffusive Instabilities in a Weak Pycnocline. Part II: Direct Numerical Simulations and Flux Laws

AbstractThis study examines the interaction of diffusive convection and shear through a series of 2D and 3D direct numerical simulations (DNS). The model employed is based on the Boussinesq equations of motion with oscillating shear represented by a forcing term in the momentum equation. This study calculates thermal diffusivities for a wide range of Froude numbers and density ratios and compares the results with those from the analysis of observational data gathered during a 2005 expedition to the eastern Weddell Sea. The patterns of layering and the strong dependence of thermal diffusivity on the density ratio described here are in agreement with observations. Additionally, the authors evaluate salinity fluxes that are inaccessible from field data and formulate a parameterization of buoyancy transport. The relative significance of double diffusion and shear is quantified through comparison of density fluxes, efficiency factor, and dissipation ratio for the regimes with/without diffusive convection. This...
Foreign trade and economic development: Sri Lanka's experience

Abstract In the nearly 40 years since independence, Sri Lanka has gone through three major trade policy phases. In the first, following independence, the economy was relatively open. In the second, which commenced in 1960, a trade regime biased against exports was initiated. This continued until 1977, when a strong liberalization effort was made. Thus, Sri Lanka provides an interesting story of an individual country's experience relating choice of a trade regime to resource allocation and growth. A number of important lessons can be drawn from this experience.
Selection and constraint on regulatory elements in Drosophila simulans

We utilized available Drosophila simulans molecular population genomic data to characterize sequence polymorphism in noncoding regulatory regions and their corresponding transcribed target genes or interacting transcription factors. We highlight two properties of regulatory evolution. First, we find that sequence divergence between D. melanogaster and D. simulans is greater at regulatory sites than expected from levels of intraspecific polymorphism, suggestive of positive selection. Second, we compared variation in cis-regulatory regions to that of the transcription factors and transcribed target genes with which they are associated. We find a correlation in polymorphism between cis-regulatory regions and the transcription factors which they bind, but not between cis-regulatory regions and the physically neighboring target genes which they directly regulate. This result indicates that the evolution of cis-regulatory elements is constrained by the interactions among transcription factors and regulatory regions. More broadly, these findings support the general importance of noncoding regulatory DNA in evolution.
First principles study of bonding, adhesion, and electronic structure at the Cu2O(111)/ZnO101¯0 interface

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT)-based methods are used to understand atomic level interactions and calculate adhesion energies of the Cu2O(111)/ZnO 10 1 ¯ 0 interface with varying Cu2O coating thickness. We first establish an accurate model of the ZnO substrate, validating DFT + U against the more accurate hybrid-DFT to calculate properties of bulk wurtzite ZnO and the ZnO 10 1 ¯ 0 surface. DFT + U is then used to analyze the structure of the Cu2O(111) surface, characterizing the formation of surface copper dimers. The Cu2O(111)/ZnO 10 1 ¯ 0 interface is found to be only weakly interacting, with a DFT + U–derived adhesion energy of 0.85 ± 0.07 J/m2. Charge density analysis reveals that some interface stabilization occurs because of local Zn O and Cu O bonding interactions at the interface. We find that the overall impact of the ZnO substrate on the electronic structure of the Cu2O overlayer is to reduce the Cu2O band gap.
Effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on cocaine-induced place preference conditioning in preweanling rats.

Abstract The effects of dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptor antagonists on the reward processes of 10- and 17-day-old rats were assessed using the conditioned place preference paradigm. Conditioning and testing were conducted in a three-compartment chamber, with each end compartment having its own distinct tactile and odor cues (almond and lemon). During six experiments, 10- and 17-day-old rats (age at initial conditioning) were injected intraperitoneally with either saline, the dopamine D 1 receptor antagonist R(±)-SCH 23390 hydrochloride (0.01–1.0 mg/kg), or the dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists (±)-sulpiride (1–100 mg/kg) or S (-)-eticlopride hydrochloride (0.1–0.5 mg/kg) 30 min prior to being injected with cocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) or saline. After the latter injections, rats were immediately confined in the lemon-scented (nonpreferred) compartment for 30 min. On the alternate conditioning day, rats were injected with saline and confined in the almond-scented compartment. On the third day (i.e., the test day), rats were given saline and allowed free access to the entire chamber for 15 min. The results showed that the dopamine D 1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 blocked the cocaine-induced place preference conditioning of both 10- and 17-day-old rats. Surprisingly, the dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists sulpiride and eticlopride blocked the place preference conditioning of 10-day-old rats, while leaving the 17-day-old rats unaffected. These results indicate that dopamine D 1 receptors are critically involved in the reward processes of preweanling rats, but that the importance of dopamine D 2 receptors changes across ontogeny.
Flexural fatigue of marine laminates reinforced with woven roving of E‐glass and of Kevlar® 49 aramid

A comparison of the flexural fatigue characteristics of E-glass and Kevlar® 49 aramid in polyester and vinyl ester resin hand lay-ups typical of boat hull laminates is presented. Data on unidirectional E-glass and aramid composites from epoxy preimpregnated tapes are reported for comparison. The data indicate that while the initial flexural strength of E-glass woven roving laminates is greater than that of aramid laminates, the runout stress of aramid laminates at 106 fatigue cycles is similar or superior to glass. S-N curves for aramid laminates are flatter indicating better flexural fatigue resistance.
The initial-value problem for elastodynamics of incompressible bodies

We prove short-time well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for incompressible strongly elliptic hyperelastic materials.
Interpretation of HRTEM images of interfaces containing misfit dislocations lying parallel to the surface of the sample

Abstract An edge dislocation lying parallel to the surface of the foil and with the Burgers vector parallel to the electron beam is not usually expected to give rise to contrast in a high-resolution electron micrograph. In fact, such a dislocation does have a longrange effect on the image contrast of diffraction-contrast images (the g · b × u contrast). In the following computer simulation study, it is shown that such dislocations indeed may also have a considerable effect on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The sensitivity of the image contrast to the position of the dislocation within the foil is discussed.
Chemotherapeutic Evaluation of Sulfanilamide and 2-(Sulfanilamido)-Pyridine in Type II Pneumococcal Infections in Mice and Rats

ConclusionsThe above experiments, more rigorous than those previously reported∗ because treatment was purposely withheld until infection was established and then conducted with equal doses of the 2 drugs, show 2-(sulfanilamido)-pyridine slightly superior to sulfanilamide in combatting Type II pneumococcal infections of less than 100 fatal doses in mice and rats.∗ These conclusions are based on survival values only.
Computational optimization of characteristics for composites of viscoelastic components

The problem of describing of the viscoelastic properties of composite materials that consist of more than one viscoelastic component is studied. It is supposed that the viscoelastic properties of the components are known. The difficulty in the application of the mixture theory arises in the cases when the properties are described by integral operators with different integral kernels. This difficulty is avoided by the approximations of the viscoelastic operators in the stress–strain relations. A method is proposed to obtain appropriate approximations that reduce all the viscoelastic operators to a general kernel using rational approximations of their Laplace transforms. The proposed method allows for the reduction of the approximation error for related operators. Examples are given for the adjustment of viscoelastic functions in the cases of increase and decrease of functions parameter.
Distribution of fifteen elements in corn leaves.

Abstract The concentrations of several elements were found to be different among the margin, midrib and blade of a corn leaf. The B, Mn and Si content of the margin was higher than that in the midrib or blade. The N, P, Ca, Mg, Si, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Al, Sr and Mo content of the midrib was less than that in the blade and margin. Element contents of quarter length sections were different as the ratio of blade to margin or midrib varied. These data demonstrate the need to specifically describe leaf sampling technique and preparatory procedure when sampling corn plants for diagnostic purposes. The author recommends that Chapman's suggested leaf sampling procedure for corn be adopted in order to minimize the influence of margin and midribs on blade analyses.
The Walt Disney World Underground

This article has grown out of a larger project on representations of subterranean space in the modern city. It explores the meanings of the “utilidors,” the underground infrastructure of the Magic ...
The relationship between cash flow and investment in the United States at business cycle frequencies

(1997). The relationship between cash flow and investment in the United States at business cycle frequencies. Applied Economics: Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1283-1293.
Network Traffic Modeling Using a Multifractal Wavelet Model

In this paper, we describe a new multiscale model for characterizing positive-valued and long-range dependent data. The model uses the Haar wavelet transform and puts a constraint on the wavelet coefficients to guarantee positivity, which results in a swift algorithm to synthesize -point data sets. We elucidate our model’ s ability to capture the covariance structure of real data, study its multifractal properties, and derive a scheme for matching it to real data observations. We demonstrate the model’ s utility by applying it to network traffic synthesis. The fle xibility and accuracy of the model and fitting procedure result in a close match to the real data statistics (variance-time plots) and queuing behavior.
Understanding the Impact of Extrinsic and Intrinsic SCM Career Choice Factors on Career Satisfaction

Attracting and retaining supply chain management (SCM) talent is a major concern in industry. This exploratory study utilized survey research methods to obtain perceptions of intrinsic and extrinsic career choice factors and career satisfaction held by individuals working and educated in SCM. Means tests and hierarchical regression were used to identify career choice factors and to examine the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic criteria on career satisfaction. Leadership opportunities emerged as most important to predicting career satisfaction. Other important predictors were also of an intrinsic nature, which is consistent with classic needs theory. This paper expands the application of needs theory and career theory in SCM. Individuals who place more value on careers that provide leadership opportunities, responsibility, and earnings potential are more likely to be satisfied with their careers. Managers seeking to design career paths that satisfy talent should develop a plan that aligns with what individual's value. DOI: 10.12660/joscmv6n1p122-138 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv6n1p122-138
TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR METAL FUEL IN FAST REACTORS

Metal fuel, which was abandoned in the 1960's in favor of oxide fuel, has since then proven to be a viable fast reactor fuel. Key discoveries allowed high burnup capability and excellent steady-state as well as off-normal performance characteristics. Metal fuel is a key to achieving inherent passive safety characteristics and compact and economic fuel cycle closure based on electrorefining and injection-casting refabrication.
Science, Government, and the Case of RAND: A Singular Pluralism

At one level, The RAND Corporation is simply an intensive treatment of a new American form of enterprise, academia, and government action: the nonprofit research or advisory corporation. At this level, Smith’s work is of particular interest, both to the student of public administration and to the public administrator. The broad question Smith asks is why RAND has been so successful—that is, why it has prospered according to its own outlook and has satisfied its sponsors according to theirs—in contrast to comparable but different types of research or advisory organizations. The answer appears to be that RAND has succeeded so well because, both in its foundation and in its continuing operations, it “has been able to avoid a completely dependent status vis-a-vis the Air Force,” its original and still-primary sponsor. How RAND has managed this and what the most noteworthy particular aspects of its independence have been are the subsidiary questions to which Smith devotes the bulk of his study.1
Confucian values and the implications for international HRD

Abstract The consideration of cultural issues has become increasingly important in scholarly inquiry and explorative practice in international human resource development (HRD). We review and explore the core characteristics of Confucian-based culture in relation to organizations and unfold how these Confucian values may affect organizational and management practices in China and other Asian countries. Five major aspects of Confucianism are examined. They are: (a) hierarchy and harmony, (b) group orientation, (c) guanxi networks (relationships), (d) mianzi (face) and (e) time orientation. The impact of these values on management practices in the Chinese organizational context is presented in four areas: (a) working relationships, (b) decision-making processes, (c) ruling by man (ren zhi) instead of by law (fa zhi) and (d) HR practices. Implications for organizations and international HRD are also discussed.
A Quantitative Comparison of Dual Control of a Hormone Response Element by Progestins and Glucocorticoids in the Same Cell Line

Progesterone receptor-containing T47D human breast cancer cells are responsive to progestins but fail to respond to other steroid hormones, in particular dexamethasone, because they have no measurable levels of receptors for estrogens, androgens, or glucocorticoids. To quantitatively study dual responsiveness of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter to progestins and glucocorticoids, we have stably transfected T47D cells with a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression vector. A cloned derivative (A1-2) was isolated that expresses a normal, full length GR, as assessed by steroid binding and Western immunoblot with a monoclonal anti-GR antibody. Moreover, GR is expressed at levels (80,000–100,000 molecules per cell) comparable to the high levels of endogenous progesterone receptor (200,000 molecules per cell). In A1-2 cells transiently transfected with an MMTV-chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, induction by glucocorticoid was substantially greater (5- fold) than induction mediated by p...
Conscious Willing and the Emerging Sciences of Brain and Behavior

Recent studies within neuroscience and cognitive psychology have explored the place of conscious willing in the generation of purposive action. Some have argued that certain findings indicate that the commonsensical view that we con trol many of our actions through conscious willing is largely or wholly illusory. I rebut such arguments, contending that they typically rest on a conflation of distinct phenomena. Nevertheless, I also suggest that traditional philosophical accounts of the will need to be revised: a raft of studies indicate that control over one’s own will among human beings is limited, fragile, and – insofar as control depends to an extent on conscious knowledge – admitting of degrees. I briefly sketch several dimensions along which freedom of the will may vary over time and across agents.