cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A goodness-of-fit test for capture-recapture model Mt under closure.

Summary. A new, fully efficient goodness-of-fit test for the time-specific closed-population capture-recapture model Mt is presented. This test is based on the residual distribution of the capture history data given the maximum likelihood parameter estimates under model Mt, is partitioned into informative components, and is based on chi-square statistics. Comparison of this test with Leslie's test (Leslie, 1958, Journal of Animal Ecology, 27, 84–86) for model Mt, using Monte Carlo simulations, shows the new test generally outperforms Leslie's test. The new test is frequently computable when Leslie's test is not, has Type I error rates that are closer to nominal error rates than Leslie's test, and is sensitive to behavioral variation and heterogeneity in capture Probabilities. Leslie's test is not sensitive to behavioral variation in capture probabilities but, when computable, has greater power to detect heterogeneity than the new test.
On the origins of contrastive rhetoric: a reply to Matsuda

I appreciate this opportunity to respond to Matsuda’s comments on my article. In his comments, Matsuda agrees with two basic arguments I made in my paper: (1) Kaplan’s view of the relationship between language and culture is not the same as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity, and (2) it is very unlikely that the origin of contrastive rhetoric can be pinned down to a single source — the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity/determinism. But he raised the question about whether Kaplan’s view of the relationship between language and culture is ‘incompatible’ with the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, as I put it in my paper. He also raised the question about my argument that the ethnography of communication (Hymes 1962) can be an important antecedent for contrastive rhetoric. My reply will thus take up each of these two questions.
Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Interferon Alfa 2a for the Treatment of Capillary Hemangioma of the Orbit

Purpose To report the use of a combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide and interferon alfa 2a (IFNα2a) for the treatment of orbital juvenile capillary hemangioma. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Five patients with juvenile capillary hemangiomas of the orbit. Methods Five patients with a median age of 9 weeks presented with a rapidly enlarging orbital mass. Two patients also had involvement of the upper eyelid obstructing the visual axis. Patients underwent biopsy to confirm the diagnosis before starting combination therapy with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg per day for 3 days repeated every 2 weeks) and subcutaneous IFNα2a (3 million units/m 2 per day once daily) for a maximum treatment time of 4 to 6 months. Patients underwent serial ophthalmic, hematologic, and neurologic evaluations. Main Outcome Measure Regression of lesions after combination therapy. Results Four of 5 patients had marked regression of the hemangioma by 40% to 60% with subsequent reduction in proptosis, corneal exposure, and obstruction of the visual axis. None of the 4 patients developed amblyopia. Side effects included mild neutropenia and uncomplicated infections. There was no neurologic toxicity after a median follow-up of 10 months. One patient failed to respond to treatment and required further treatment with intralesional steroid injections. Conclusions Combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide with IFNα2a for a short period of time induced early and lasting regression of orbital juvenile capillary hemangiomas with minimal side effects. This regimen may be a suitable alternative that avoids the toxicity of long-term administration of interferon only. However, the experience reported here does not show if cyclophosphamide alone may be sufficient and allow complete avoidance of interferon and its potential serious side effects, and longer follow-up is needed to determine if cyclophosphamide causes any long-term harm.
Attitudes to the Right: Evaluative Processing is Associated with Lateralized Late Positive Event-Related Brain Potentials

The authors recently developed a paradigm to investigate the evaluative categorization stage of attitudes using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The present series of studies extended this approach by analyzing the spatial topography of the ERP over the lateral scalp region to address complementary questions regarding the nature of operations underlying the evaluative categorization stage of attitude processing. Consistent with the hypothesis that evaluative categorizations engage mechanisms associated with hedonic or global language processing, results revealed that the standardized amplitudes of the late positive potential of the ERP during evaluative categorizations were larger over the right than the left scalp region, whereas nonevaluative categorizations were associated with a symmetrically distributed ERP across the left and right scalp regions.
MANY DIED, BUT MANY LIVED: MANN'S REVELATIONS ABOUT AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY

(2006). Many Died, But Many Lived: Mann's Revelations About an American Tragedy. Geographical Review: Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 502-505.
Mimicking biology: applications of cognitive systems to electronic noses

The electronic nose draws its inspiration from biology. Both the electronic nose and the biological olfactory system consist of an array of chemical sensing elements and a pattern recognition system. This paper reviews the basic concepts of electronic noses and their relationship to biological olfaction. Different approaches to chemical data analysis including statistical methods, standard artificial neural network approaches, and those based on advanced biological models of the olfaction are described. Finally, a prototype system is reviewed.
Mutational analysis of p50E4F suggests that DNA binding activity is mediated through an alternative structure in a zinc finger domain that is regulated by phosphorylation

p50E4F is a cellular transcription factor whose DNA binding activity is stimulated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner by products of the adenovirus E1A oncogene. Although p50E4F does not contain a bZIP DNA binding motif, it binds a tandemly repeated palindromic sequence in the adenovirus E4 promoter that is recognized by a large number of bZIP proteins, but with much greater stability. Analysis of deletions in the p50E4F sequence identified the regions that are responsible for its unique DNA binding properties. Sequence-specific DNA binding and factor dimerization were localized to a C-terminal region containing two C2H2and one CCHC zinc finger motifs; the phosphorylation site critical for DNA binding activity was also localized to this domain. The high stability of p50E4F binding also required residues within the first 83 amino acids of the N-terminus. Analysis of single and double amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal zinc finger domain demonstrated that while the second C2H2zinc finger was required for DNA binding activity, the putative structures of the first C2H2and the CCHC zinc fingers were not. Instead, residues from these other zinc finger motifs appeared to participate in an alternative structure that mediates DNA binding activity and is regulated by phosphorylation.
Machine vision algorithms for automated inspection thin-film disk heads

Machine vision algorithms and a supporting architecture that were integrated in a fully automated prototype system for disk head inspection are presented. Some specific methods are elaborated on, including the computation of the Hough transform and multicode masks in pipeline architectures, object segmentation in textured backgrounds, and matching of extracted defects with inspection specifications. Extensive experimental results are given. >
Pulse radiation from an insulated antenna: an analog of Cherenkov radiation from a moving charged particle

Cherenkov radiation arises when a charged particle moves with a constant velocity that is greater than the speed of light in the surrounding medium. This radiation has distinctive characteristics. Near the charge, the electric field is most intense along a conical surface with apex at the charge-the Mach cone. In the far field, the radiation occurs predominantly in one direction-at the Cherenkov angle. An insulated antenna consists of a metallic cylindrical conductor covered by a concentric sheath of dielectric. In use, this antenna is embedded in a medium whose permittivity is often much greater than the permittivity of the insulation. When the antenna is excited by a pulse of voltage, a pulse of charge appears to travel along its length. The apparent velocity of this charge is close to the speed of light in the insulation, which, because of the difference in the permittivities, is greater than the speed of light in the surrounding medium. Thus, the radiation from the pulse excited, insulated antenna should be analogous to Cherenkov radiation from the moving charged particle. In this paper, the pulse-excited, traveling-wave insulated linear antenna is accurately analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Results are obtained for the charge on the conductor, the near field, and the far field. These results show the striking similarity of the radiation from this antenna to Cherenkov radiation from the moving charge.
Sex Bias in Research Design

Feminist criticisms of selected aspects of research methods in psychology are presented. Data relevant to sex bias in topic selection, subject selection and single-sex designs, operationalization of variables, testing for sex differences, and interpretation of results are reviewed. Suggestions for achieving more “sex fair” research methods are discussed in terms of a more meticulous application of scientific method and an awareness of the sometimes subtle ways in which a sexist culture influences the research process.
The neurobiology, clinical efficacy and safety of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence

Importance to the field: Acamprosate, marketed under the brand name Campral®, (Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Saint Louis, MO, USA; Merck Sante s.a.s., Lyon, France) is an orally administered drug approved in the US and throughout much of the world for treating alcohol dependence. Its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials worldwide and as with all pharmacotherapies for alcoholism, it is used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions.Areas covered in this review: This article reviews the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and safety of acamprosate in Phase I, II and III randomized controlled trials involving healthy and alcohol-dependent populations using published reports from 1984 to 2009.What the reader will gain: This review provides an update of the mechanism of action and the safety and efficacy profile of acamprosate.Take home message: Acamprosate appears to act centrally to restore the normal activity of glutamatergic neurotransmission altered by chronic ...
Mobile proactive secret sharing

MPSS is a new way to do proactive secret sharing in asynchronous networks. MPSS provides mobility: The group of nodes holding the shares of the secret can change at each resharing, which is essential in a long-lived system. MPSS additionally allows the number of tolerated faulty shareholders to change when the secret is moved so that the system can tolerate more (or fewer) corruptions; this allows reconfiguration on the fly to accommodate changes in the environment.
STATCOM control for power system voltage control applications

A static compensator (STATCOM) is a device that can provide reactive support to a bus. It consists of voltage sourced converters connected to an energy storage device on one side and to the power system on the other. In this paper the conventional method of PI control is compared and contrasted with various feedback control strategies. A linear optimal control based on LQR control is shown to be superior in terms of response profile and control effort required. These methodologies are applied to an example power system.
Haptic display of contact location

This work presents a new haptic device that integrates contact location feedback with grounded point-force display. The system consists of a thimble-based mechanism attached to the endpoint of a Phantom/spl reg/ robotic arm. Contact location is rendered using a small tactile element that moves along the length of the user's fingerpad. The Phantom/spl reg/ robot applies reaction forces to the user's finger through this tactile element, bringing it into and out of contact with the user as required. Force and contact location are thus displayed concurrently. During operation, the system continually adjusts the position of the contact element based on finger motion and expected or actual contact with the two-dimensional virtual environment. The finger is modeled as an arc segment, and the environment as a series of lines and arcs. Haptic rendering is driven by a virtual finger proxy, employing collision detection and collision anticipation algorithms. A series of human subject tests compared contact location feedback to standard force feedback. Subjects completed a contour following task in less time and with fewer failures when contact location information was available. The system's success indicates a simple yet promising new avenue for the design of haptic displays.
Genotype, Feeding Regimen, and Diet Interactions in Meat Chickens.2. Feeding Behavior

Abstract Feeding behaviors were compared for males from two lines of meat chickens differing in growth potential fed lower and higher density diets ad libitum either daily or on alternate days. Males from the faster growing line ate and drank more often but stood and rested less often than those from the slower growing line. Rate of feed intake per unit BW was, however, similar for both lines. Greater crop and lower intestinal contents of the faster growing line suggested a higher feed intake and storage ability. Even though males fed the lower energy diet initially consumed similar amounts of ME on days of food restoration, by 24 h they lagged behind those fed the higher energy diet, suggesting capacity of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to be a limiting factor in energy consumption. At older ages, chicks fed the different diets had similar GIT contents, suggesting that excessive eating and less resting observed for males fed the lower density diet contributed to their poorer energy utilization. On the day of feed restoration, males fed on alternate days ate and stood more often and had poorer GIT clearance than those with feed continuously made accessible to them.
Further results on area under the ROC curve of energy detectors over generalized fading channels

A simple measurement to analyze the signal detector's performance is desirable. Although, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has long been used for characterizing system performance, area under the ROC curve (AUC) measurement provides meaningful insights of the system performance. Signal detector's performance can be characterized simply by average AUC, since average AUC varies from 0.5 to 1. In the worst case scenario, the detector's performance can be no less than 0.5 and the best can be 1. In this paper simple expression of average AUC is developed based on the kth order derivative of the moment generating function (MGF) over the generalized fading channels for no-diversity and several diversity cases. Simplified expressions are derived for maximum ratio combing (MRC), square-law combing (SLC) diversity schemes and a simple CDF based single integral expression is developed for selection combining (SC) technique. Examples are given considering the Nakagami-m and Rice channels. Our approaches are simple and analytical results are even shown using the half integer bandwidth-time product (u) and the half integer Nakagami-m fading index. Different factors affecting energy sensing has been analyzed, which can be readily used for other applications such as cognitive radio.
Contraceptive Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Adolescent Males Attending a Predominately Black University

A survey of 107 Black male college students attending Howard University Washington D.C. on knowledge attitudes and practices regarding contraception revealed early age of 1st sexual intercourse incomplete contraceptive education and a variable degree of male responsibility. The survey was conducted in freshmen and sophomore general health classes using 51 multiple choice and open-ended questions. The subjects mean age was 18.3 and age at 1st intercourse 12.0 (mean 11.3 for freshmen 12.2 for sophomores and 13.3 for students not classified by grade). Contraceptives currently being used were condom by 41.1% withdrawal by 19.6% pill by 17.8% rhythm by 2.8% douche by 1.9% and IUD by 0.9%. 11.9% used no method. When asked to rate 6 methods for effectiveness 37% chose pills as most effective 24% chose condoms 8.4% chose diaphragms and 4.7% chose rhythm. 62% overall believed that contraception is a shared responsibility with percentages rising with age. In open-ended questions many students expressed the feeling that their attitudes affected their practice more than any contraception education. Some said they were using because they were too young to be a father others that the woman insisted. Among the reasons cited for why they were not using were: "It did not enter my mind;" "It should be spontaneous;" "not enough time;" "it reduces sexual pleasure;" and lack of knowledge. The study suggested that early physical maturation had surpassed the young mens education and sense of responsibility.
A limitation of the kernel method for joint distributions of arbitrary variables

By representing signals in terms of several physical quantities simultaneously, joint distribution functions can reveal signal features that remain hidden from other methods of analysis. Cohen (1966, 1995) has proposed a construction for joint distributions of arbitrary physical quantities, in direct generalization of joint time-frequency representations. Actually, this method encompasses two approaches: one based on operator correspondences and one based on weighting kernels. The literature has emphasized the kernel method due to its ease of analysis; however, its simplicity comes at a price. We use a simple example to demonstrate that the kernel method cannot generate an possible bilinear joint distributions. Our results suggest that the relationship between the operator method and the kernel method merits closer scrutiny.
A New College Language Course for Beginners

Author's summary.— The speed at which a student acquires an active knowledge of a foreign language is determined largely by the number of weekly contact hours. Accordingly, the usual two-year course could be condensed into an effective one-year course at a great saving of total student learning hours, without increasing instructional costs excessively. This plan would make it possible for two-year language students to take relatively advanced work in the second year. Majors would gain an extra college year for advanced studies in their field.
Short version of the CES-D (Burnam screen) for depression in reference to the structured psychiatric interview

A new screen for depression was compared with clinician diagnoses based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) as the standard. Post-menopausal women (n=436) completed the Burnam screen, a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The Burnam screen had a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 87% for current major depression and dysthymia, but the positive predictive value was low (20%) and the overall error rate was 14%. For lifetime mood disorders, sensitivity was very low for detecting affected subjects, even though specificity and positive predictive value were higher than for current conditions. Substituting a more sensitive cutpoint slightly improved the screen's ability to detect subjects with lifetime mood disorders. Even algorithms that used coefficients optimized for these data gave little improvement in the psychometric properties of the Burnam screen. These results re-emphasize the difficulty of using a one-stage screen to detect accurately a depressive diagnosis.
Anticoccidial Activity of Monensin in Floor-Pen Experiments

Abstract The anticoccidial agent monensin has been tested in 5 floor-pen experiments and compared with unmedicated and with positive control treatments (amprolium + ethopabate in 4, clopidol in 2 and zoalene in 1 experiment). Severity of coccidiosis exposure was increased by an oocyst-seeding technique, increasing litter moisture content to 30% or higher, and various attempts to prevent early development of immunity. Coccidiosis-associated mortality occurred in only 0.06% of 1552 birds on monensin (with or without roxarsone), 1.41% of 1556 birds on amprolium + ethopabate (with or without roxarsone), 0.05% of 200 birds on zoalene (with roxarsone), 0% of 401 birds on clopidol (with roxarsone) and 6.0% of 1750 birds on unmedicated feed. Coccidiosis-associated mortality occurred in 1/31 pens on monensin (when fed at the recommended level), 15/31 pens on amprolium plus ethopabate, 1/4 on zoalene, 0/8 on clopidol and 33/45 pens on unmedicated feed. Weight gains of monensin-medicated treatments (with or without roxarsone) were significantly greater (P
Variable-structure control of flexible AC transmission systems

A variable-structure control of a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is used by devices including dynamic braking-resistors and dynamic series-capacitors. The recognized electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) indicates that the proposed control is highly successful for large-signal transient stability and for the improvement of electric power transmission. FACTS devices with appropriate control typically will stabilize the power system and provide damping so that a large economic benefit will be created by transferring considerably more power through the main intertie. >
Vehicle Routing and Staffing for Sedan Service

We present the optimization component of a decision support system developed for a sedan service provider. The system assists supervisors and dispatchers in scheduling driver shifts and routing the fleet throughout the day to satisfy customer demands within tight time windows. We periodically take a snapshot of the dynamic data and formulate an integer program, which we solve to near optimality using column generation. Although the data snapshot is stale by the time a solution is computed, we are able to solve the integer program quickly enough that the solution can be adopted after minor modifications are made by a fast local-search heuristic. The system described in this paper is currently in use and has improved the provider's productivity significantly.
Foundations and Principles

HIV prevention ultimately depends on people taking action to protect themselves and others from becoming infected. This chapter discusses the behavioral basis for HIV prevention and the principles of behavior change that are most relevant to implementing HIV treatments as prevention (TasP). Behavioral interventions have proven effective at reducing sexual and drug use practices, preventing sexually transmitted infections including HIV transmission, and improving medication adherence. These strategies are essential for integration with TasP and creative theoretical models are needed for combining interventions. The new age of HIV prevention we are entering will also require new principles for TasP including effectively communicating partial protection, reducing risk compensation, maintaining adherence, and capitalizing on teachable moments.
Intrinsic Factor, Nonintrinsic Factor Vitamin B12 Binder, and Pepsinogen Secretion in Normal Subjects: Quantification using intragastric neutralization and inorganic phosphate as a marker

A technique of quantifying gastric secretion in normal subjects while maintaining the gastric contents at neutral pH is described. Phosphate buffer was used to achieve continuous intragastric neutralization during stimulated gastric secretion using maximal doses of histalog. Inorganic phosphate in the buffer served as a gastric marker, and the evidence to support its use is reported in detail. The method was applied to the quantification of intrinsic factor, nonspecific B12 binder, and pepsinogen secretion in 6 normal subjects. Differing patterns of secretion of these three constituents of gastric juice were observed. The output of intrinsic factor was not sustained and appeared to represent a true washout phenomenon. The secretion of nonspecific B12 binder was not influenced by histalog stimulation. The pattern of pepsinogen secretion clearly differed from that of intrinsic factor and appeared to be one of true stimulation. It is suggested that this technique may have a wider application, particularly in the quantification of other gastric juice macromolecules which are susceptible to intragastric proteolysis and/or acid degradation.
Variational-asymptotical analysis of initially twisted and curved composite beams

An asymptotically exact methodology, based on geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional elasticity, is presented for cross-sectional analysis of initially curved and twisted, nonhomogeneous, anisotropic beams. The analysis is subject only to the restrictions that the strain is small relative to unity and that the maximum dimension of the cross section is small relative to the wave length of the deformation and to the minimum radius of curvature and/or twist. The final one-dimensional strain energy per unit length exhibits first-order dependence on the initial curvature and twist, and it correctly accounts for the complex elastic coupling phenomena associated with shear deformation.
Effect of Erotica on Young Men's Aesthetic Perception of Their Female Sexual Partners:

Male undergraduates were exposed to (a) nature scenes or (b) beautiful versus (c) unattractive females in sexually enticing situations. Thereafter, they assessed their girl friends' sexual appeal and evaluated their satisfaction with their mates. On pictorial measures of bodily appeal profiles of flat through hypervoluptuous breast and buttock, preexposure to beautiful females tended to suppress mates' appeal, while preexposure to unattractive females tended to enhance it. After exposure to beautiful females, mates' aesthetic value fell significantly below assessments made after exposure to unattractive females; this value assumed an intermediate position after control exposure. Changes in mates' aesthetic appeal did not correspond with changes in satisfaction with mates, however.
Polyuria and imparied ADH release following medial preoptic lesioning in the rat.

Studies were carried out in the rat to detemine if hypothalamic lesions which caused polydipsia and polyuria had their effect mediated through an alteration of the ability of the neurohypophyseal s...
Study on institution construction of tradable water rights:a case study of reform of tradable water rights in Australia

The construction of tradable water rights was analyzed using the reform of tradable water rights in Australia as an example.It was found that the defect of basic frame of Australia water rights reform was the neglect of third-party effects in water rights trade.This provided a reference to the institution construction of tradable water rights in China,and the principle of water taking risk was the key in constructing the institution of tradable water rights in China.
Role of affect and personality in gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration: Comparative studies in normal men and in male duodenal ulcer patients

The role of mood state (affect) and personality on basal acid secretion and basal serum gastrin concentrations were examined in seven healthy men and eight patients with duodenal ulcer. In each subject, gastric secretion and affect were assessed simultaneously on 5 separate days. None of 10 self-reported affect variables correlated with daily fluctuations in basal acid secretion in either group. Three variables (tension, conflict, and anxiety) correlated significantly with serum gastrin fluctuations in normal subjects, but these relationships were not present in patients with ulcer, who were hypergastrinemic regardless of their affective state. The degree to which serum gastrin fluctuated was unrelated to personality, as assessed by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. On the other hand, several Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales correlated with the degree of variability in basal acid secretion, including scales that measured impulsivity and social isolation/alienation. These studies indicate that serum gastrin concentrations are related to affective state in normal men, that this relationship is altered in men with duodenal ulcer, and that certain personality traits, such as impulsivity and social isolation, are associated with more labile basal acid secretion rates.
Semi-supervised learning for integration of aerosol predictions from multiple satellite instruments

Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), recognized as one of the most important quantities in understanding and predicting the Earth's climate, is estimated daily on a global scale by several Earth-observing satellite instruments. Each instrument has different coverage and sensitivity to atmospheric and surface conditions, and, as a result, the quality of AOD estimated by different instruments varies across the globe. We present a method for learning how to aggregate AOD estimations from multiple satellite instruments into a more accurate estimation. The proposed method is semi-supervised, as it is able to learn from a small number of labeled data, where labels come from a few accurate and expensive ground-based instruments, and a large number of unlabeled data. The method uses a latent variable to partition the data, so that in each partition the expert AOD estimations are aggregated in a different, optimal way. We applied the method to combine AOD estimations from 5 instruments aboard 4 satellites, and the results indicate that it can successfully exploit labeled and unlabeled data to produce accurate aggregated AOD estimations.
Exploiting the apoptotic process for management of HIV: are we there yet?

CD4+ T cells die in individuals infected with HIV, either as a result of direct HIV infection or as uninfected “innocent bystanders”. Possible mechanisms for bystander killing include generation of viral products such as Tat or gp120 and expression of death receptor ligands, such as FasL, that engage functional death receptors on uninfected cells. This review covers the sometimes conflicting in vitro and ex vivo studies that address these possible mechanisms of HIV-associated cell death. It is an intriguing possibility that manipulation of cell death processes, to decrease bystander death or increase death of infected cells, in patients infected with HIV might provide a useful adjunct to antiretroviral therapy.
Perceptions of equity, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among data processors

Abstract More than 1,200 personnel (963 systems analysts and programmers and 261 operations employees) from nine companies provided questionnaire data on perceptions of fairness (equity), job satisfaction, and expressed intention to quit. Results disclosed that job satisfaction for both groups is significantly related to perceptions of equity in treatment by the supervisor and the employing organization. Fairness in providing latitude is the most significant individual variable in dealing with job satisfaction for both employee categories. Intention to quit is also strongly related to perceptions of equitable treatment. Fairness in rules for compensation is by far the most significant fairness element relating to intention to quit among both groups. The research shows that the key factors which affect job satisfaction and intention to quit are under the direct control of management.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Breast Cancer Animal Models

The study of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in cancer drug discovery and development is often paired and described in reciprocal terms, where PK is the analysis of the change in drug concentration with time and PD is the analysis of the biological effects of the drug at various concentrations over different time courses. While PK is defined by how a compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated, PD refers to the measure of a compound's ability to interact with its intended target, leading to a biologic effect. Recent advances in anti-breast cancer drug discovery have resulted in several new drugs, but there is still a high attrition rate during clinical development. One reason for this failure is attributed to inappropriate correlation between the PK and PD parameters and subsequent extrapolation to human subjects. In this chapter, we describe the protocols of PK and PD studies in breast cancer models to assess the efficacy of an anti-breast cancer compound, noting the types and endpoints employed, and explain why it is important to link PK and PD in order to establish and evaluate dose/concentration-response relationships and subsequently describe and predict the effect-time courses for a given drug dose.
Robust Polymer-Coated Diamond Supports for Noble-Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts

Much research has been done using polymer and silica particles as support materials for catalytically active noble metal nanoparticles, but these materials have limited stability in organic solvents or under extreme reaction conditions such as high pH. Here we present a robust and versatile composite polymer-diamond support for ultrasmall noble metal nanoparticles combining chemical and mechanical stability of diamond with the chemical versatility of a polymer. By exploiting the rich surface chemistry of nanodiamond and incorporating a reactive thiol–ene polymer, a thinly coated polymer-diamond composite was formed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the presence of the polymer. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) analysis showed that in situ growth of gold, platinum and palladium nanoparticles produced high density coverage at the polymer-diamond support surface. Energy dispers...
Creating impact in the digital space: digital practice dependency in communities of digital scientific innovations

Modern science has become collaborative and digital. The Internet has supported the emergence of scientific digital platforms that globally connect programmers and users of novel digital scientific products such as scientific interactive software tools. These digital scientific innovations complement traditional text-based products like journal publications. This article is focused on the scientific impact of a platform's programming community that produces these digital scientific innovations. The article's main theoretical argument is that beyond an individual's contribution efforts to these innovations, a new social structure affects his scientific recognition through citations of his tools in text-based publications. Taking a practice theory lens, we introduce the concept of a digital practice structure that emerges from the digital innovation work practice, performed by programmers who jointly work on a tool. This digital practice creates dependence forces among the community members in an analogy to Newton's gravity concept. Our model represents such dependencies in a spatial autocorrelative model. We empirically estimate this model using data of the programming community of nanoHUB in which 477 nanotechnology tool programmers have contributed more than 715 million lines of code. Our results show that a programmer's contributions to digital innovations may have positive effects, while the digital practice structure creates negative dependency effects. Colloquially speaking, being surrounded by star performers can be harmful. Our findings suggest that modeling scientific impact needs to account for a scientist's contribution to programming communities that produce digital scientific innovations and the digital work structures in which these contributions are embedded.
Beam-induced radiation in a muon storage ring for a neutrino factory

Abstract Beam-induced radiation effects have been simulated for a 30-GeV and a 50-GeV muon storage ring designed for a neutrino factory. Calculations include power dissipation and residual dose rates on lattice components. It is shown that by appropriately shielding the superconducting magnets, quench stability can be achieved along with residual dose rates which allow hands-on maintenance. Studies on tunnel shielding further showed that unlimited-occupancy areas could be achieved during machine operation if such enclosures are placed to the inside of the ring. Finally, neutrino-induced radiation levels were computed to large distances for outside the arcs and downstream of the production straights.
Rapid sedimentation and overpressure in shallow sediments of the Bering Trough, offshore southern Alaska

Pore pressures in sediments at convergent margins play an important role in driving chemical fluxes and controlling deformation styles and localization. In the Bering Trough offshore Southern Alaska, extreme sedimentation rates over the last 140 kyr as a result of glacial advance/retreats on the continental shelf have resulted in elevated pore fluid pressures in slope sediments overlying the Pamplona Zone fold and thrust belt, the accretionary wedge resulting from subduction of the Yakutat microplate beneath the North American Plate. Based on laboratory experiments and downhole logs acquired at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1421, we predict that the overpressure in the slope sediments may be as high as 92% of the lithostatic stress. Results of one-dimensional numerical modeling accounting for changes in sedimentation rate over the last 130 kyr predicted overpressures that are consistent with our estimates, suggesting that the overpressure is a direct result of the rapid sedimentation experienced on the Bering shelf and slope. Comparisons with other convergent margins indicate that such rapid sedimentation and high overpressure is anomalous in sediments overlying accretionary wedges. We hypothesize that the shallow overpressure on the Bering shelf/slope has fundamentally altered the deformation style within the Pamplona Zone by suppressing development of faults and may inhibit seismicity by focusing faulting elsewhere or causing deformation on existing faults to be aseismic. These consequences are probably long-lived as it may take several million years for the excess pressure to dissipate.
Scattering by a Truncated Concave Parabolic Cylinder

The scattering by a metallic concave parabolic cylinder truncated by a metal plane oriented perpendicularly to the cylinder generators is determined exactly in the phasor domain.
Multiplex testing for driver mutations in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.

7505 Background: While the majority of lung adenocarcinomas (ADCL) harbor an identifiable driver mutation, targeted therapies for squamous cell lung carcinomas (SQCLC) have lagged in development du...
Gas‐phase chemical ionization of 4‐alkyl branched‐chain carboxylic acids and 3‐methylindole using H3O+, NO+, and O2+ ions

RATIONALE 4-Methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, 4-methylnonanoic acid, and 3-methylindole are primary contributors to the distinctive aroma and flavor of lamb meat. The reactions of H3 O+ , NO+ , and O2+ with these compounds, and identification of the product ions and their distribution, are fundamental to their characterization and rapid, real-time trace analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). METHODS The chemical ionization of pure standards of 4-ethyloctanoic acid, 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethylnonanoic acid, and 3-methylindole was carried out using the H3 O+ , NO+ , and O2+ reagent ions of a V200™ SIFT mass spectrometer. Kinetic data were calculated using the Langevin collision rate with parameterized trajectory equations. Identification of product ions, distribution, and interferences was performed by further evaluation of the pertinent ion-molecule reaction mechanisms, careful spectral analyses, and molecular mass-molecular structure pairing. RESULTS The collisional capture rate constants of the reaction of the precursor ions H3 O+ , NO+ , and O2+ , their extended hydrates and the analytes, which were assumed to occur at or near the collisional rate, were all of the order of 10-9 cm3 molecule s-1 - typical for bimolecular ion-molecule reactions. Positive identification of the primary and secondary product ions, fragmented ionic species, and potential ion conflicts and interferences, from each reagent ion channel, was determined for each compound. CONCLUSIONS We have established the ion chemistry involved in the ionization of the 4-alkyl branched-chain fatty acids and 3-methylindole using the precursor ions, H3 O+ , NO+ , and O2+ in SIFT-MS. The ion-molecular chemistry and the associated kinetics serve as a fundamental basis for the accurate characterization of these compounds by SIFT-MS.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Readmissions: National Rates, Causes, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in 16,001 Hospitalized Patients

Introduction The acute complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often lead to readmissions, which are linked to hospital reimbursement. The national rates, causes, risk factors, and outcomes associated with 30-day and 90-day readmission after aSAH have not previously been reported. Methods The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried from January to September 2013 for all patients (age ≥18 years) with a diagnosis of aSAH. Data points included demographics, comorbidities, complications, and discharge outcomes. Causes and risk factors for 30-day and 90-day readmission were identified in univariate and multivariable analysis. Results In 12,777 patients discharged alive after hospitalization for aSAH, 962 (7.5%) were readmitted within 30 days and 2153 (16.7%) within 90 days. Common causes of readmission included stroke, hydrocephalus, septicemia, and headache. At 30-day and 90-day readmission, 39.7% and 51.2% of patients with diagnosis of hydrocephalus underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, respectively. In multivariable analysis, cannabis use and diabetes were predictors of both 30-day and 90-day readmission and older patients were uniquely susceptible to 30-day readmissions. Risk factors for 90-day readmission included Medicare insurance, hypothyroidism, initial discharge to skilled nursing facility, and several index complications including bowel obstruction, gastrostomy, acute lung injury, and cerebral edema. Average cost and length of stay were calculated at 30-day ($16.647, 7.1 days) and 90-day readmission ($17,926, 6.7 days). Mortality was 2.8% within 30 days and 3.8% within 90 days. Conclusions Many readmissions occur outside the 30-day follow-up period in patients subarachnoid hemorrhage and possess unique risk factors, which may help identify high-risk patients.
Gun-shy: Refusal to answer questions about firearm ownership

In recent years, surveys in the United States have faced increasing refusal to answer questions about firearm ownership, even as other similar questions see no comparable up-tick in item nonrespons...
Educators' Preparation to Teach, Perceived Teaching Presence, and Perceived Teaching Presence Behaviors in Blended and Online Learning Environments

Teaching in blended and online learning environments requires different pedagogical approaches than teaching in face-to-face learning environments. How educators are prepared to teach potentially impacts the quality of instruction provided in blended and online learning courses. Teaching presence is essential to achieving student learning outcomes, yet previous research has focused on student perceptions of teaching presence. Therefore, the purpose of this mixed methods convergent parallel study was to explore educators’ preparation to teach, perceived teaching presence, and perceived teaching presence behaviors in blended and online learning environments. The study was designed to examine the differences in educators’ perceived teaching presence and preparation to teach in blended and online learning environments. An adapted Community of Inquiry Survey Instrument was used to measure faculty perceptions of teaching presence. Results indicated a statistically significant difference between perceived teaching presence of facilitation for faculty that completed certification courses in preparation to teach in blended and online learning environments, as compared to faculty that only received on-the-job training. Qualitative responses to corresponding interview questions supported the findings. The findings of this study provide information to university educators and administrators supporting the importance of faculty preparation specific to teaching in blended and online learning environments.
The Role of Glycoproteins in the Life Cycle of the Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum

The cellular slime molds have been studied for a number of years as a model for analysis of developmental processes. The most commonly used species is Dictyostelium discoideum, which was first discovered in 1935 by Kenneth Raper, whose elegant pioneering studies soon attracted others to work with this organism. Raper’s 1940 report in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society remains a classic. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were a handful of laboratories around the world working on D. discoideum, and they proved the usefulness of this model organism as a source of biochemical and molecular information about developmental processes, and generated an essentially exponential growth in the number of laboratories working on slime molds. The organism’s popularity was spread considerably with Bonner’s excellent monograph in 1967 and with the more recent volumes from Loomis (1975, 1982), which are the scientific equivalents of the Bible in many a laboratory. Currently, there is a vast literature on this organism; Loomis (1982) has assembled a bibliography of 1800 publications. The following description of the life cycle of D. discoideum is necessarily brief and is intended as a summary for those not acquainted with this organism. My apologies go to colleagues for the absence of individual citations of their contributions in this section. The non-Dictyosteliac can find the original citations in the volumes noted above.
The Neurodevelopmental and Neurofunctional Basis of Intersubjectivity

Modern neuroscience has advanced significantly since Freud ’s initial Project for a Scientific Psychology, in which he hoped to apply scientific principles to the emerging discipline of psychoanalysis. As such, a sophisticated quest to understand the human mind—over the last 125 years—has led to the discovery of a radically different landscape than that which Freud had envisioned. In this regard, multimodal scientific investigations have openly questioned the validity of Freud’s concepts: “[Modern] science not only fails to support the central tenets of Freudian dream theory but raises serious questions about other strongly held psychodynamic assumptions including the nature of the unconscious mind, infantile sexuality, the tripartite model of the mind, the concept of ego defense, free association and the analysis of the transference as a way of effecting adaptive change”. Moreover, recent advances in neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental research have profoundly advanced our understanding of the key areas of “the relational brain,” the substrate for two-person relational psychotherapy. Herein, we will briefly review the historical developments of two-person relational psychotherapy, and in doing so, we will detail the specific advances in developmental psychology. Additionally, we will review the key theorists and researchers whose work and behavioral experiments made possible the neurophysiological investigations, which have, in turn, given rise to our nascent understanding of the neurophysiology of attachment and intersubjectivity.
With Stones in our Hands: writings on Muslims, racism, and empire

Daulatzai and Rana have assembled an incredible array of interdisciplinary scholarly and activist voices challenging settler colonialism, white supremacy, and anti-Muslim racism. The introduction c...