cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of the quaternary structure of a bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in living cells.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that affects patients with cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium coexpresses two unique forms of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on its surface, the A- and B-band LPS, which are among the main virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity. The polysaccharides in A-band LPSs are synthesized in the cytoplasm and translocated into the periplasm via an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter consisting of a transmembrane protein, Wzm, and a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding protein, Wzt. Most of the biochemical studies of A-band PSs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are focused on the stages of the synthesis and ligation of PS, leaving the export stage involving the ABC transporter mostly unexplored. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that the subunit composition and structure of this bi-component ABC transporter are still unknown. Here we propose a simple but powerful method, based on Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and optical micro-spectroscopy technology, to probe the structure of dynamic (as opposed to static) protein complexes in living cells. We use this method to determine the association stoichiometry and quaternary structure of the Wzm–Wzt complex in living cells. It is found that Wzt forms a rhombus-shaped homo-tetramer which becomes a square upon co-expression with Wzm, and that Wzm forms a square-shaped homo-tetramer both in the presence and absence of Wzt. Based on these results, we propose a structural model for the double-tetramer complex formed by the bi-component ABC transporter in living cells. An understanding of the structure and behavior of this ABC transporter will help develop antibiotics targeting the biosynthesis of the A-band LPS endotoxin.
Seeing and Knowing in Structural Biology

hanceoftendetermineshowayoungpersonfindshercalling.In1949,IwasmajoringBrandeisUniversity,Waltham,Massachusetts02454-9110in Biology and Physics at Bryn Mawr College. I took a summer job (as usual) to earnmoney,thistimewaitressingataresorthotelinthePoconoMountains.Weweregivenuniforms,includinghairnets,andweretoldtopreparefortraining.Thetrainingturnedouttobedailypracticeinservingtheolder,permanentwaitresses,whodidnottipanddidnotlikeJews. After a few weeks, I was finally allowed to work in the main dining room. I served my firstbreakfast to a family of five, my hand shaking as I lowered their juice glasses to the table, and Ireceivedmyfirsttip,whichwasnegligible.Feelinghopeless,ItelephonedafriendfromBrynMawrwhowasspendingthesummerinWoodsHole,MA,wheresheworkedinaplacecalledtheMarineBiologicalLaboratory(MBL).Sheurgedmetojoinherthereandpromisedtohelpmefindajobforthe rest of the summer. That job gave direction to my scientific life.I worked happily in the kitchen of the MBL, tyrannized by the beloved Miss Bell, who treatedeveryone alike. In my free time, I dissected squid axons (badly) for Otto Schmitt and attended allthe lectures I could find. One of the lecturers was a brilliant English mathematician and crystal-lographer by the name of Dorothy Wrinch. She presented her views (later disproved) on theatomic structures of proteins, with strikingly beautiful slides. I understood little of what she saidthat summer, but what I saw in her pictures persuaded me to work on the structure of proteins.Among the scientists I met at the MBL was young Shinya Inoue´, who was then a graduatestudent at Princeton. He was working on an early version of his now famous polarizing micro-scope. In a small, darkened room, he showed me a living, unstained egg from
Preparation of colored poly(styrene‐co‐butyl methacrylate) micrometer size beads with narrow size distribution by dispersion polymerization in presence of dyes

The preparation of monodisperse polymer particles formed by a dispersion copolymerization of a system containing styrene, butyl methacrylate, and nonpolymerizable dyes has been studied. Both the polarity of the ethanol–water dispersion medium and the polymerization rate were found to have a significant effect on the particle size. Experimental conditions have been determined that enable the preparation of colored beads having a narrow size distribution. While the benzoyl peroxide initiated polymerization is seriously inhibited by the presence of dyes, polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile in presence of the black dye Nigrosin affords monodisperse beads in a high yield. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methionine requirement of kittens given amino acid diets containing adequate cystine.

1. The effects of feeding either high-protein (HP) or low-protein (LP) diets between 1.8 and 15 kg live weight (LW) and a low-energy (LE) or high-energy (HE) intake subsequently on the cellularity of muscle and adipose tissue in pigs growing to 75 kg LW were investigated.2. The effects of the nutritional treatments on muscle tissue were assessed from the weight and DNA content of the m. adductor. For adipose tissue the total DNA content and fat cell size of the subcutaneous adipose tissue contained in the left shoulder joint were determined.3. Feeding the LP diets in early life reduced the weight and DNA content of the m. adductor (P < 0.01) and increased fat cell size (P < 0.01) at 15 kg LW.4. Subsequent to 15 kg there was an almost linear increase in muscle DNA with increasing LW, and the difference between pigs from the initial protein treatments progressively diminished and was no longer apparent at 60 kg LW.5. At 30 kg LW, pigs given the LP diets before 15 kg LW contained less DNA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue from the shoulder joint (P < 0.01) and had larger fat cells (P < 0.05) than pigs given the HP diets initially. However, adipose DNA and fat cell size increased with increasing LW and the differences resulting from the initial protein treatments progressively diminished. On the LE and HE treatments subsequent to 15 kg these differences were no longer evident at 45 and 60 kg respectively.6. Pigs given the HE intake subsequent to 15 kg, contained less DNA in muscle tissue (P < 0·05) at 60 and 75 kg LW and had larger fat cells (P < 0·05) at 45, 60 and 75 kg LW, than pigs on the LE treatment.
Acute host-mediated endothelial injury after adenoviral gene transfer in normal rabbit arteries: impact on transgene expression and endothelial function.

Acute injury after adenoviral vascular gene transfer remains incompletely characterized. Here, we describe the early response ( or = 4X10(9) plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL showed endothelial activation, with an acute inflammatory infiltrate developing by 6 hours. Ex vivo arteries showed endothelial activation but no inflammatory infiltrate. There were also significant differences in transgene expression between in vivo and ex vivo arteries. Ex vivo arteries showed titer-dependent increases in beta-galactosidase expression through 2X10(10) pfu/mL, whereas in in vivo arteries, titers above 4X10(9) pfu/mL merely increased acute inflammatory response, without increasing transgene expression. In vivo arteries showed significant time- and titer-dependent impairment in endothelium-dependent relaxation, with no effect on contraction or nitroprusside-induced relaxation. Interestingly, however, if rabbits were made neutropenic with vinblastine, their arteries maintained full endothelium-dependent relaxation, even after very high titer vascular infection (up to 1X10(11) pfu/mL). These findings show that recombinant adenovirus triggers an early inflammatory response, and it is the inflammatory response that in turn causes functional endothelial injury. This occurs at much lower titers than previously appreciated (though the precise threshold will undoubtedly vary between laboratories). However, titers below the inflammatory threshold produce excellent transgene expression without inflammation or vascular injury.
Maintenance-feeding effort affects instrumental performance

The effort required of rats to obtain food, employing standard maintenance-feeding procedures, can affect the effort subsequently expended in an instrumental-learning task. Rats received 43 food-rewarded runway trials followed by access to food (a) on the home-cage floor, or (b) from a hopper attached to the home-cage's wiremesh front wall. Hopper feeding involved the greater effort since the rats had to gnaw the food pellets through the wire mesh. Following 9 or 27 days of maintenance feeding, the rats were returned to the runway for one rewarded trial and 16 extinction trials. The hopper-fed rats ran faster than floor-fed rats on the rewarded test trial. In extinction, long-term maintenance feeding produced faster subsequent running times by the hopper-fed rats than the floor-fed rats. Short-term maintenance feeding, on the other hand, produced slower running times by the hopper-fed rats than the floor-fed rats. The results are consistent with previous findings of transfer of effort across behaviours an...
Protein kinase A does not alter unloaded velocity of sarcomere shortening in skinned rat cardiac trabeculae

Whether β-adrenergic stimulation affects the cross-bridge cycling rate independently of its effect on Ca2+ handling by the cardiac myocyte is still unknown. An increase in cross-bridge cycling rate...
Alteration of tubuliform silk gland cytoarchitecture with the reproductive cycle of the Western black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus

The protein synthetic and secretory activity of spider tubuliform glands is known to be coordinated with the reproductive stage of the spider. For spiders that produce multiple egg cases, such as the black widow Latrodectus hesperus, this means that the cells that make up the tubuliform gland cycle from minimal to maximal silk protein synthesis and exocytosis as the spider transitions from early vitellogenesis to a gravid state and back. The impact of these transitions on the cells that form the tubuliform gland has yet to be characterized. The entire tubuliform gland undergoes an elastic deformation, doubling in size in response to the accumulation and depletion of egg case silk proteins within its lumen. Similarly, the diversity and organization of organelles within the cytoplasm of the secretory epithelial cells that make up the wall of the tubuliform gland change with the reproductive stage of the spider. Progression of a spider from early to late vitellogenesis is accompanied by decondensed nucleoli and distention of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, markers of protein synthetic activity. The presumed silk proteins that fill the lumen of the tubuliform gland of a gravid spider include a fibrous matrix with homogeneous spherical inclusions. These components are also present within the cytoplasm of the cell; however, only the fibrous material appears to be enclosed by membranous organelles. Transition of the tubuliform gland from peak silk synthesis back to a quiescent state is marked by the appearance of multivesicular bodies and organelles resembling phagophores and autophagosomes, suggestive of a role for autophagy in the process of recovery. The reproducible cellular dynamics of the tubuliform silk gland of the black widow spider makes it a potential model system for study of the regulation of silk gene expression, endomembrane transport, and exocytosis of silk proteins and autophagy.
A study of the subfamily Archoleptonetinae (Araneae, Leptonetidae) with a review of the morphology and relationships for the Leptonetidae

Detailed examination of the spinning organs and legs of Archoleptoneta schusteri Gertsch (1974) has revealed a cribellum and calamistrum, which represents the discovery of the first cribellate member of the Leptonetidae. Subsequent examination of all other described Archoleptoneta species has confirmed the presence of a rectangular colulus similar to other leptonetids. A comparative review of the characters used to support the Leptonetidae is presented, including a discussion of their phylogenetic implications. The distribution of several features of the spinning organs, respiratory system, and genitalia suggests that the phylogenetic position of the Leptonetidae needs to be reevaluated, and makes their position within the Haplogynae uncertain. Illustrations and detailed discussion of characters in the Archoleptonetinae and Leptonetinae are provided. Archoleptoneta schusteri Gertsch is redescribed including detailed images of its spinning organs and genitalia. All ecribellate archoleptonetines are transferred to the new genus Darkoneta gen. nov. based on the loss of the cribellum, giving the following new combinations: Darkoneta arganoi (Brignoli, 1974). comb nov., Darkoneta garza (Gertsch, 1974) comb nov., Darkoneta obscura (Gertsch, 1974) comb nov., and Darkoneta stridulans (Platnick, 1994) comb nov. Three new species are described: Archoleptoneta gertschi sp. nov. from Eastern California, Darkoneta reddelli sp. nov. from Puebla, Mexico, and Darkoneta quetzal sp. nov. from San Lorenzo, Guatemala. Dichotomous keys are provided with a discussion of problems with the diagnosis of females. Distribution maps for each species are shown with a discussion of areas that require additional sampling in order to resolve species limits.
Identity in the making: Exploring self and object in work production

Making – the act of bringing into existence or altering objects through effort – is an essential feature of work in organizations. Extant research and theory suggests making occasions identity proc...
Effect of total body x-irradiation on desoxyribonuclease activity of rat spleen.

Summary1. The “acid-active” DNAase of rat spleen has been found to increase markedly after 500 r of total body x-irradiation. 2. Such a change is not apparent in the “neutral” enzyme of liver or spleen. 3. The maximum in activity of th elevated DNAase occurs 24-48 hours post-irradiation. 4. Maximal response is elicited at a dose of 200 r.
Imaging via Subgrid Upscaling and Reverse Time Migration

Reverse time migration produces an image by crosscorrelating the solution of the wave equation solved forward in time with the wave equation solved backwards in time. Solution of the wave equation can be computationally prohibitive for large subsurface regions. Therefore one typically combines a finite difference discretization of the wave equation with a parallel computing paradigm such as domain decomposition. Operator or subgrid upscaling is an alternate technique which produces a coarse scale solution of the wave equation that captures fine scale information. In the computationally intensive part of the algorithm one achieves ideal speedup without ghost cell allocation or communication. In this work we show the first images from reverse time migration (RTM) combined with operator upscaling. These upscaled images capture essentially the same velocity heterogeneities as RTM using the full fine grid solution.
Abstract 330: Metallothionein Preservation Of Cardiac Akt2 Signaling By Down-regulating Trb3 Prevents Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiac insulin resistance is a key pathogenic factor for diabetic cardiomyopathy, but its mechanism remains largely unclear. Here we demonstrated that diabetes significantly inhibited cardiac Akt phosphorylation from 2 weeks to 2 months in wide-type (WT) mice, but not in cardiac-specific metallothionein-transgenic (MT-TG) mice. Cardiac Akt2 expression and phosphorylation was decreased and insulin-induced cardiac Akt2 and GSK-3β phosphorylation and glycogen synthase dephosphorylation were also decreased in WT, but not MT-TG, diabetic mice. Deletion of the Akt2 gene either in vitro H9c2 cells or in vivo significantly impaired cardiac glucose metabolic signaling. In addition, diabetes significantly increased cardiac Akt negative regulator tribbles (TRB)3 expression only in WT mice, suggesting the possible contribution of MT inhibition of diabetic up-regulation of TRB3 to Akt2 function preservation. Cardiac H9c2 cells with and without forced MT-overexpression (MT-H9c2) were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), which significantly reduced Akt2 phosphorylation in both basal and insulin-stimulating conditions only in H9c2 cells. Silencing TRB3 expression with SiRNA completely prevented tBHP’s inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt2 phosphorylation in H9c2 cells, while overexpression of TRB3 in MT-H9c2 cells completely abolished MT preservation of insulin-stimulated Akt2 phosphorylation. Forced-overexpression of TRB3 by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery in MT-TG hearts also abolished MT’s preservation of cardiac insulin signaling and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that diabetes-attenuated cardiac Akt2 function via up-regulating TRB3 plays a critical role in diabetic inhibition of insulin signaling in the heart. MT preserved cardiac Akt2-mediated insulin signaling by inhibiting TRB3, leading to the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Effects of group confrontation with death and dying

(1983). Effects of Group Confrontation with Death and Dying. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 433-447.
A Reexamination of “The Biographies of the Reasonable Officials” in the Records of the Grand Historian1

“The Biographies of the Reasonable Officials” (“Hsun-li lieh-chuan”), chapter 117 of the Shih chi (Records of the Grand Historian) by Ssu-tna Ch'ien (145–c. 85 B.C.), has been deemed a forgery by a number of scholars including Ts'ui Shih (1852–1924). The objections raised by these scholars are reexamined in this paper along with the texts of “The Reasonable Officials” and its companion, “The Biographies of the Harsh Officials” (“K'u-li lieh-chuan”). The narrative structure and historical accuracy of “The Reasonable Officials” are contrasted with those of “The Harsh Officials” to reveal still more flaws in the former. But the basic concept that a chapter in the Shih chi flawed by such errors must be from the hand of a forger is challenged, since time constraints on Ssu-ma Ch'ien would have been greater than those on later imitators and it is likely that without such constraints the obvious problems in this chapter would have been avoided. Finally, an alternative solution to the integral problems in “The Reasonable Officials” is suggested: namely, that the text is based closely on previously compiled materials on reasonable officials taken from the Han imperial archives. This hypothesis, while it cannot be irrefutably substantiated, would resolve almost all of the questions scholars have traditionally raised concerning “The Reasonable Officials,”
Medicaid Spending Differences for Child/Youth Community-Based Care in California’s Decentralized Public Mental Health System

This study evaluated spending differences across counties during the decade after California decentralized its public mental health system. Medicaid data for 0-25 year olds using mental health services were collapsed to the county-year level (n = 627). Multivariate models with county fixed effects were used to predict per capita spending for community-based mental health care. While counties increased their spending over time, those with relatively low initial expenditures per user continued to spend less than counties with historically higher spending levels. Spending differences per user were most noticeable in counties with larger racial/ethnic minority populations that also had historically lower spending levels.
Bilateral Posterior Tibial Tendon and Flexor Digitorum Longus Dislocations.

The authors present a case of a previously healthy and athletic 17-year-old female who presented with a 3.5-year history of medial left ankle pain after sustaining an inversion injury while playing basketball. Prior to presentation, she had failed prior immobilization and physical therapy for a presumed ankles sprain. Physical examination revealed a dislocated posterior tibial tendon (PTT) that was temporarily reducible, but would spontaneously dislocate immediately after reduction. She had pain and snapping of the PTT with resisted ankle plantar flexion and resisted inversion as well as 4/5 strength in ankle inversion. The diagnosis of dislocated PTT was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient underwent suture anchor repair of the medial retinaculum of the left ankle. At the time of surgery both the PTT and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) were dislocated. Three months postoperatively, the patient represented with PTT dislocation of the right (nonoperative) ankle confirmed by MRI. After failure of immobilization, physical therapy, and oral anti-inflammatory medications, the patient underwent suture anchor repair of the medial retinaculum of the right ankle. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient has 5/5 strength inversion bilaterally, no subluxation of either PTT, and has returned to all activities without limitation. The authors present this unique case of bilateral PTT dislocation and concurrent PTT/FDL dislocation along with review of the literature for PTT dislocation. The authors highlight the common misdaiganosis of this injury and highlight the successful results of surgical intervention. Levels of evidence Level V: Case report.
Management of intracerebral hemorrhage in pediatric neurosurgery.

Pediatric stroke is a relatively rare occurrence, with an annual incidence of 1.2–13 cases per 100,000. Hemorrhagic strokes account for half of these cases.[28] In adults, hemorrhagic strokes are predominantly hypertensive in etiology. However, in the pediatric population, they are frequently associated with vascular lesions such as AVMs (47%), arteriovenous fistulas, or CMs [Table 1].[21] Other causes of ICH in adults, such as amyloid angiopathy or drug-related vascular damage, are rarely seen in the pediatric population. Workup of pediatric ICH should include vascular imaging consisting of either CTA or DSA. An MRI of the brain should be obtained to detect CMs, which are angiographically occult. MR angiography may lack the sensitivity to allow for visualization of the smaller vessels that may be involved with some of these lesions.[25] In a series of 137 patients with ICH described by Hino et al., 9% were found to have an “occult” vascular lesion that was not visualized on first angiogram. The clinical index of suspicion should guide the workup further if a causative lesion cannot be identified upon initial imaging. This may include repeat DSA, which is considered the gold standard for the assessment of vascular lesions. In the setting of clinically symptomatic hemorrhage, any vascular lesion, including AVM, CM, capillary telangiectasias, or developmental venous anomalies, may present in occult fashion, though AVM is most common.[7] Table 1 Most common etiologies of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults and children
Why social status matters for understanding the interrelationships between testosterone, economic risk-taking, and gender

We conduct an extensive review of the literature on testosterone and economic risk-taking behavior. In sum, there is evidence of a positive association between testosterone and economic risk taking, although it is unlikely to be a strong association given the abundance of null results. However, we argue that the existing literature may overstate the causal effects of testosterone on economic risk taking (or even report a spurious correlation) because this research has not considered the potentially confounding role of social status. Status could concurrently influence both testosterone and economic risk taking, given that testosterone is a social hormone with a reciprocal relationship with social status, and social status has been found to drive risk-taking behavior. We also argue against using findings from this literature to make gender essentialist claims, primarily because social phenomena influence the size—and existence—of gender differences in economic risk-taking behavior. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Ethnic disparities in outcomes of patients with complicated type B aortic dissection.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in outcomes after endovascular intervention in patients with complicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) based on ethnicity and blood pressure control. Methods Between 2012 and 2016, there were 126 patients who underwent endovascular procedures for complicated TBAD at a single-institution quaternary referral center. Patients self-identified as African American (n = 53), white (n = 70), and Asian (n = 3). African American and white patients were compared on a number of variables, including age, ethnicity, insurance type, blood pressure, comorbidities, number of previous interventions, and number of antihypertension medications they were taking before intervention. Primary outcomes were survival and need for reintervention. Results Kaplan-Meier estimates for survival for African Americans vs whites were 94% vs 89%, 91% vs 83%, 89% vs 79%, and 89% vs 76% at 30 days, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively ( P = .05). African Americans were younger overall (52.5 ± 11 years) vs whites (63.7 ± 14.7 years; P P = .007). They also had higher rates of chronic kidney disease ( P = .01), smoking ( P = .03), and cocaine use ( P = .02) and were more likely to be on Medicaid ( P = .02). Hypertension was poorly controlled in both groups, with the percentage of patients with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic >140 mm Hg) preoperatively, postoperatively, and 30 days after intervention at 32%, 32%, and 39%. There was no significant difference between the cohorts in uncontrolled hypertension preoperatively ( P = .39) or postoperatively ( P = .63). However, more African Americans had uncontrolled hypertension at 30 days (African Americans, 49%; whites, 31%; odds ratio, 2.1; P = .09). African Americans were taking a greater number of antihypertension medications at presentation than whites ( P = .01) and specifically had higher use rates of beta blockers ( P = .02), diuretics ( P = .02), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( P = .04). Conclusions African Americans with TBAD present at a younger age than their white counterparts do and have a survival advantage up to at least 5 years. However, African Americans have a higher rate of reintervention that is probably associated with poor blood pressure control despite taking more antihypertension medications both before and after the repair. It appears that optimal medical therapy is difficult to achieve in all groups. More aggressive medical management is needed, particularly more so in African Americans, which may in turn decrease the number of interventions and potentially improve long-term survival.
Negative Affect and Excessive Alcohol Intake Incubate during Protracted Withdrawal from Binge-Drinking in Adolescent, But Not Adult, Mice

Binge-drinking is common in underage alcohol users, yet we know little regarding the biopsychological impact of binge-drinking during early periods of development. Prior work indicated that adolescent male C57BL6/J mice with a 2-week history of binge-drinking (PND28-41) are resilient to the anxiogenic effects of early alcohol withdrawal. Herein, we employed a comparable Drinking-in-the-Dark model to determine how a prior history of binge-drinking during adolescence (EtOHadolescents) influences emotionality (assayed with the light-dark box, marble burying test, and the forced swim test) and the propensity to consume alcohol in later life, compared to animals without prior drinking experience. For additional comparison, adult mice (EtOHadults) with comparable drinking history (PND56-69) were subdivided into groups tested for anxiety/drinking either on PND70 (24 h withdrawal) or PND98 (28 days withdrawal). Tissue from the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) was examined by immunoblotting for changes in the expression of glutamate-related proteins. EtOHadults exhibited some signs of hyperanxiety during early withdrawal (PND70), but not during protracted withdrawal (PND98). In contrast, EtOHadolescents exhibited robust signs of anxiety-l and depressive-like behaviors when tested as adults on PND70. While all alcohol-experienced animals subsequently consumed more alcohol than mice drinking for the first time, alcohol intake was greatest in EtOHadolescents. Independent of drinking age, the manifestation of withdrawal-induced hyperanxiety was accompanied by reduced Homer2b expression within the CeA and increased Group1 mGlu receptor expression within the AcbSh. The present data provide novel evidence that binge-drinking during adolescence produces a state characterized by profound negative affect and excessive alcohol consumption that incubates with the passage of time in withdrawal. These data extend our prior studies on the effects of subchronic binge-drinking during adulthood by demonstrating that the increase in alcoholism-related behaviors and glutamate-related proteins observed in early withdrawal dissipate with the passage of time. Our results to date highlight a critical interaction between the age of binge-drinking onset and the duration of alcohol withdrawal in glutamate-related neuroplasticity within the extended amygdala of relevance to the etiology of psychopathology, including pathological drinking, in later life.
A Reexamination of Real Stock Returns, Real Interest Rates, Real Activity, and Inflation: Evidence from a Large Data Set

Using the informational sufficiency procedure from Forni and Gambetti (2014) along with data from McCracken and Ng (2014), we update the results of Lee (1992) and find that his vector autoregression (VAR) is informationally deficient. To correct this problem, we estimate a factor augmented VAR (FAVAR) and analyze the differences once informational deficiency is corrected with an emphasis on the relationship between real stock returns and inflation. In particular, we examine Modigliani and Cohn's (1979) inflation illusion hypothesis, Fama's (1983) proxy hypothesis, and the “anticipated policy hypothesis.”
PHOSPHORYLATION OF CONTRACTILE PROTEINS BY CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES

ABSTRACT Various contractile proteins are known to be phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. By analogy with other biochemical events regulated by phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of specific contractile proteins may be important in regulating contractile events. Although phosphorylation of purified proteins by specific kinases may be demonstrated in vitro, caution should be exercised in generalizing from limited biochemical studies. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated cardiac and skeletal muscle troponin, but the Vmax value was much greater for cardiac troponin and only cardiac troponin was phosphorylated in vivo. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated cardiac troponin, but at a much slower rate than the cAMP-dependent enzyme. Myosin from skeletal, cardiac and tracheal smooth muscle was not phosphorylated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases, but was phosphorylated by Ca2+-dependent myosin light chain kinases. However, significant quantitative differences in the kinetic properties were found suggesting that each of these muscles contains a catalytically distinct myosin light chain kinase.
Representation in Engineering Practice: A Case Study of Framing in a Student Design Group

ABSTRACTThis article presents a case study using ethnographic and visual methods to investigate the framing activity of engineering students. Findings suggest students use the rhetorical figure of ...
Law’s motivational landscape

The central contention of Professor Schauer’s illuminating book, The Force of Law,1 is that understanding the ways in which legal systems coerce conformity to their edicts is central to understandi...
The Validity of Online Patient Ratings of Physicians: Analysis of Physician Peer Reviews and Patient Ratings

Background: Information from ratings sites are increasingly informing patient decisions related to health care and the selection of physicians. Objective: The current study sought to determine the validity of online patient ratings of physicians through comparison with physician peer review. Methods: We extracted 223,715 reviews of 41,104 physicians from 10 of the largest cities in the United States, including 1142 physicians listed as “America’s Top Doctors” through physician peer review. Differences in mean online patient ratings were tested for physicians who were listed and those who were not. Results: Overall, no differences were found between the online patient ratings based upon physician peer review status. However, statistical differences were found for four specialties (family medicine, allergists, internal medicine, and pediatrics), with online patient ratings significantly higher for those physicians listed as a peer-reviewed “Top Doctor” versus those who were not. Conclusions: The results of this large-scale study indicate that while online patient ratings are consistent with physician peer review for four nonsurgical, primarily in-office specializations, patient ratings were not consistent with physician peer review for specializations like anesthesiology. This result indicates that the validity of patient ratings varies by medical specialization.
Technical challenges of imaging & image-guided interventions in obese patients

Obese patients challenge imaging departments in their ability to obtain diagnostic quality images and to perform image-guided interventions. These technical challenges include properly accommodating large patients on imaging equipment, adjusting equipment settings to address imaging limitations, and pre-planning and preparation for image-guided interventions to insure safe and successful outcomes. Knowing and addressing these challenges can result in successfully addressing the imaging and image-guided interventions needs of obese patients.
Transient reactive transport model for physico-chemical transformation by electrochemical reactive barriers

Abstract A comprehensive model that integrates coupled effects of chemical, physical, and electrochemical processes, is necessary for design, analysis, and implementation of the electro-remediation of groundwater under flow conditions. A coupled system of equations to solve for transport and multiple reactions in an electrochemical reactor is numerically intensive due to highly stiff nature of reaction model formulation. In this study, the focus is to develop an efficient model for reactions associated with the transport and physico-chemical transformation in an electrochemical reactor. The model incorporates effects of transport mechanisms as well as chemical and electrochemical reactions. Model verification is provided for pH profiles under different electrolyte compositions in two sets of reactors; a batch and a flow-through reactor. The model is able to predict the concentration of species during the electrochemical remediation process with a close correlation to experimental data (R2 = 0.99 for batch and R2 = 0.78 for flow-through reactor.) Imposing polarity reversal to the system will cause fluctuation of pH, however, the trend stays the same as if no polarity were applied. Ultimately, volumetric charge flow is introduced as a unique parameter characterizing the electroremediation reactor for operating purposes.
Supercomputer Application in Inelastic Stability of 22-Story Steel Pino-Suarez Complex

This paper presents a modular computer program, INRESB-3D-SUP II, which utilizes the vectorization and parallelization resources of IBM 3090 600J supercomputer to investigate the inelastic behavior of a 22-story Pino-Suarez steel building collapsed during the September 19, 1985, Mexico earthquake. INRESB-3D-SUP II is a general program and is developed for analyzing elastic and inelastic building systems subjected to static loads, static cyclic loads and multi-component earthquake motions. The program can also be used to calculate natural frequencies and buckling loads. Dynamic allocation of memory and compact matrix storage are employed in the program for achieving computational efficiency. The structural elements may be 3D beam-columns, reinforced concrete shear walls, springs, and bracing members. The nonlinear behavior of a structural element is based on the assigned material hysteresis model for the “element. Modular systems are used in this program for the easy addition of elements, hysteresis models, and solution algorithm. The output solutions include static member forces and joint displacements, dynamic member forces, joint displacements, ductility factors, excursion ratios, damage indices, input energies, and dissipated energies, as well as the option of saving data for plotting.
Problems Along the Course of the Second Visual Neuron-Ganglion Cell to Lateral Geniculate Body

The physiological problems connected with the distal visual pathway are determined by anatomical, hydrostatic, vascular, and toxicological conditions to mention but a few. A number of these problems have been solved with the help of electrophysiological methods, although virtually none of them are amenable to a non-invasive electrophysiological approach. A series of representative problems is treated with emphasis on conditioning factors and potential solutions.
Randall Pearson: Framing Black Identity, Masculinity, Adoption and Mental Health in Television

Entertainment media shape audience perceptions about various demographic groups, including Black Americans. Researchers took a summative approach to performing a qualitative content analysis of the...
Radiation-guided anti-P-selectin antibody for tumor targeted imaging and therapy

4187 Purpose/Objective : Radiation induces translocation of P-selectin from storage reservoirs within the tumor endothelium to the luminal surface of microvasculature. This radiation-inducible expression of P-selectin on tumor-associated endothelial cells can be developed for tumor-targeted therapy and imaging. We developed specific antibodies against P-selectin, and tested the feasibility of imaging and therapy of irradiated lung tumors in vivo using targeted therapeutic radioisotopes. Materials & Methods : Single chain variable fragments (ScFv) of murine and human antibodies were selected by screening phage-displayed ScFv libraries on purified P-selectin. The selected ScFvs were prioritized by affinity (ELISA and FMAT), specificity (cell and tissue staining), and stability. Prioritized antibodies were engineered for conjugating with different carriers, expressed in E. coli and purified on affinity columns. The ScFvs were conjugated with chelating agents (DTPA and DOTA) and radioisotopes for imaging and therapy. These radioimmunoconjugates were injected into mice with irradiated lung tumors. Biodistribution of the ScFv-conjugates in vivo was monitored with near-infrared (NIR) imaging, gamma camera imaging, and micro-PET. Results: It was found that ScFv antibodies against P-selectin specifically bind to irradiated HUVEC cells in vitro , and target irradiated tumor xenografts in vivo . DTPA-conjugated ScFv loaded with radioisotope specifically and efficiently targeted irradiated tumor within hours as revealed with gamma camera imaging and micro-PET. ScFv were labeled with In-111 for initial imaging studies and with Cu-64 for subsequent imaging and therapy studies. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic radioisotopes targeted to P-selectin in irradiated in vivo lung tumor models will be presented. Conclusions : P-Selectin is specifically induced by irradiation of tumor vascular endothelium. Screening of phage-displayed antibody fragments is an efficient means for selecting anti-P-selectin antibody with high affinity and specificity. Radiation-induced expression of P-selectin on tumor vascular endothelial cells can be utilized for imaging and therapy of tumors. Therapeutic radioimmunoconjugates targeting P-selectin can be used for imaging and therapy in irradiated in vivo lung tumor models.
Augustine’s Conception of Divine Incorporeality in Homiletic and Polemical Contexts

This article analyzes Augustine’s thinking on God’s incorporeality, a doctrine he mainly developed in reaction against Manichaean and Arian reflections in this regard. Augustine’s decision to enter the Catholic Church was strongly influenced by his understanding of divine incorporeality, a concept to which he was introduced in the mid-380s in Milan. This means that God is not subject to time and space in any way. This metaphysical commitment enabled Augustine to answer several of his objections to Christianity. Shortly after his baptism, Augustine applied this understanding of the divine to his critiques of the Manichaeans. In this article we see how, decades later, this doctrinal commitment was developed and expressed in his homiletic corpus and in his polemics against the Arians. Knotts looks at sources from the 390s, and then homilies mostly from the second decade of the 400s. This enables us to see how the theme of incorporeality is further developed and deployed in homiletic and polemical contexts. Thus, two closely related themes emerge. First, Augustine holds that we must not think of the generation of the Son according to an earthly logic; we must not seek temporal duration in eternity. Second, we must possess the intellectual humility to realise that our earthly categories are not sufficient for thinking about God. Augustine opts to confess his ignorance of what it means for the Son to be eternal, and rather grounds his theology in scripture. These are two major points that arise in Augustine’s critique of the Arians. We shall also see how the Gospel of John forms a locus theologicus for Augustine. The development of divine incorporeality figures in Augustine’s homilies and polemics as a way to neutralise his opponents and provide further resources for his audience.
Low dose chloroquine decreases insulin resistance in human metabolic syndrome but does not reduce carotid intima-media thickness

Metabolic syndrome, an obesity-related condition associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, leads to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoarthritis, and other disorders. Optimal therapy is unknown. The antimalarial drug chloroquine activates the kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), improves metabolic syndrome and reduces atherosclerosis in mice. To translate this observation to humans, we conducted two clinical trials of chloroquine in people with the metabolic syndrome. Eligibility included adults with at least 3 criteria of metabolic syndrome but who did not have diabetes. Subjects were studied in the setting of a single academic health center. The specific hypothesis: chloroquine improves insulin sensitivity and decreases atherosclerosis. In Trial 1, the intervention was chloroquine dose escalations in 3-week intervals followed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. Trial 2 was a parallel design randomized clinical trial, and the intervention was chloroquine, 80 mg/day, or placebo for 1 year. The primary outcomes were clamp determined-insulin sensitivity for Trial 1, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) for Trial 2. For Trial 2, subjects were allocated based on a randomization sequence using a protocol in blocks of 8. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. For Trial 1, 25 patients were studied. Chloroquine increased hepatic insulin sensitivity without affecting glucose disposal, and improved serum lipids. For Trial 2, 116 patients were randomized, 59 to chloroquine (56 analyzed) and 57 to placebo (51 analyzed). Chloroquine had no effect on CIMT or carotid contrast enhancement by MRI, a pre-specified secondary outcome. The pre-specified secondary outcomes of blood pressure, lipids, and activation of JNK (a stress kinase implicated in diabetes and atherosclerosis) were decreased by chloroquine. Adverse events were similar between groups. These findings suggest that low dose chloroquine, which improves the metabolic syndrome through ATM-dependent mechanisms in mice, modestly improves components of the metabolic syndrome in humans but is unlikely to be clinically useful in this setting. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00455325, NCT00455403), both posted 03 April 2007
Inpatient Management of T2DM and Hyperglycemia in Older Adults.

This review aims to provide a summary of the evaluation and treatment of older adults (≥ 65 years) with type 2 diabetes and/or hyperglycemia in the hospital. Caring for these older adults requires special considerations. Diabetes is a risk factor for hospitalization and hyperglycemia in the hospital is associated with increased complications and mortality. Treatment plans for hospitalized older adults with diabetes should include a comprehensive geriatric assessment. This team-based approach aims to develop an individualized care plan, with consideration of the patients’ personal goals, comorbidities, functional status, life expectancy, and hypoglycemia risk. Studies from hospitalized middle age and older adults with hyperglycemia can help guide diabetes treatment goals and management in older adults. Further studies, examining both glucose targets and care management assessments and treatment plan specifically targeting older adults in the hospital setting, are needed.
Condensed matter physics, hybrid energy and entropy principles, and the hybrid first and second laws of thermodynamics

Abstract In this paper, we develop an energy-based, large-scale hybrid dynamical system model to present a generic framework for hybrid thermodynamics involving hybrid energy and entropy conservation and nonconservation principles. Specifically, using a hybrid compartmental dynamical system energy flow model we develop a hybrid state-space dynamical system formalism for addressing critical phenomena and discontinuous phase transitions in thermodynamics and provide hybrid extensions to the first and second laws of thermodynamics. In addition, using Lyapunov stability theory for impulsive differential equations, we show that our hybrid large-scale thermodynamic energy flow model has convergent trajectories to Lyapunov stable equilibria determined by the system initial subsystem energies. Moreover, we show that the steady-state distribution of the hybrid large-scale system energies is uniformly distributed over all of the subsystems, leading to system energy equipartitioning corresponding to a maximum entropy equilibrium state.
Hemoptysis from the perspective of people with cystic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer, thus complications associated with age, such as hemoptysis, are increasing. The Institute of Medicine has emphasized the importance of patient-centeredness. Although guidelines about hemoptysis in people with CF are available, these focus on management of the complication and not the patient perspective. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand hemoptysis from the point of view of those who have experienced it. METHODS We fielded an 11-question survey to adults with CF and asked those who had hemoptysis to respond. Four questions had open-ended options: (1) the person's first experience with hemoptysis, (2) how that experience affected the way they approach their CF, (3) how they deal with hemoptysis when it occurs outside the home and (4) a free text box for general comments. RESULTS Thirty-one of 132 adults with CF who were sent a survey completed it (23% response rate); 63% F), indicated that they had experienced hemoptysis and described their triggers. In response to open questioning, 77% of respondents found their first experience with hemoptysis to be 'scary,' 'frightening,' 'worrying' or 'jarring.' Half of respondents reported quality of life being negatively affected by worsening stress or anxiety, fear of bleeding in public or other life impacts. CONCLUSIONS Focusing on how to cope with future episodes of hemoptysis and the associated anxiety can be helpful to patients. Proactive communication and sensitivity to patient experience may deepen physician-patient rapport, increase self-efficacy to cope with future episodes and lead to more comprehensive care of hemoptysis.