cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initiation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma by Targeting of the Ductal Epithelium with Adenovirus-Cre: A Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease involving complex cellular interactions between the developing tumor and immune system, eventually resulting in exponential tumor growth and metastasis to distal tissues and the collapse of anti-tumor immunity. Many useful animal models exist to study breast cancer, but none completely recapitulate the disease progression that occurs in humans. In order to gain a better understanding of the cellular interactions that result in the formation of latent metastasis and decreased survival, we have generated an inducible transgenic mouse model of YFP-expressing ductal carcinoma that develops after sexual maturity in immune-competent mice and is driven by consistent, endocrine-independent oncogene expression. Activation of YFP, ablation of p53, and expression of an oncogenic form of K-ras was achieved by the delivery of an adenovirus expressing Cre-recombinase into the mammary duct of sexually mature, virgin female mice. Tumors begin to appear 6 weeks after the initiation of oncogenic events. After tumors become apparent, they progress slowly for approximately two weeks before they begin to grow exponentially. After 7-8 weeks post-adenovirus injection, vasculature is observed connecting the tumor mass to distal lymph nodes, with eventual lymphovascular invasion of YFP+ tumor cells to the distal axillary lymph nodes. Infiltrating leukocyte populations are similar to those found in human breast carcinomas, including the presence of αβ and γδ T cells, macrophages and MDSCs. This unique model will facilitate the study of cellular and immunological mechanisms involved in latent metastasis and dormancy in addition to being useful for designing novel immunotherapeutic interventions to treat invasive breast cancer.
Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement

Statistical methods for quality improvement , Statistical methods for quality improvement , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Rat Relaxin. X. Endogenous Relaxin Induces Changes in the Histological Characteristics of the Rat Vagina During the Second Half of Pregnancy

This study employed morphometric analysis to evaluate changes in the histological characteristics that accompany relaxin-induced growth and softening of the vagina during the second half of rat pregnancy. There were three treatment groups (N = 4/group). Five milligrams of a monoclonal antibody for rat relaxin, designated MCA1, were injected iv daily on days 12–21 of gestation to treatment group MCA1. Control groups received either 5 mg of monoclonal antibody for fluorescein (MCAF; monoclonal antibody control) or 0.5 ml PBS (vehicle control). Vaginas were removed on day 22 of pregnancy, fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections (5μ m) were stained with Gomori’s trichrome to visualize collagen, or orcein to visualize elastin. Measurements were performed with a light microscope equipped with a video camera connected to a computer. Within the vaginal stroma, the density of collagen fiber bundles was lower, the length of elastin fibers was shorter, and the cross-sectiona...
Evidence for implicit scaling in comparative judgment

In two experiments, we examined the effects of manipulating the density of stimuli on comparison difficulty in a comparative judgment task. In Experiment 1, subjects was slower at judging the relative size of a pair when the members were adjacent items in the linear order than when the members were separated by items of intervening magnitudes. In Experiment 2, the advantage of choosing the larger rather than the smaller of two large stimuli (e.g., the congruity effect) increased when the linear order included many small items. In contrast, the advantage of choosing the smaller of two small items increased when the linear order included many large items. The applicability of the range-frequency theory (Parducci, 1965) to these results is discussed.
Pc1 pulsations observed by AMPTE/CCE in the Earth's outer magnetosphere

Electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves in the Pc1-2 frequency range (0.1-5 Hz) have been observed in earth's equatorial magnetosphere over the range L = 3 to 9 by the AMPTE/CCE magnetic-field experiment. Detailed analysis of data from two orbits together with preliminary occurrence statistics from 31 days are reported. One example occurred during disturbed geomagnetic conditions (maximum AE greater than 1000 nT) and exhibited intense Pc1 from L = 5 to the magnetopause (L = about 7.5). The second example occurred during moderate to quiet conditions (average AE = about 300 nT) and displayed Pc1 in two distinct L ranges: low (L = about 4) and high (L greater than 7.5). Statistical results show that Pc1 are about 4 times more common for L greater than 7 than for L less than 6 and occur primarily in the afternoon. The discovery of a statistically dominant outer-magnetospheric source region implies that ring-current interaction with the plasmasphere is not the primary source of Pc1 excitation, but suggests that plasma sheet ions may be a significant energy source for Pc1. This result is consistent with the strong dependence of the linear convective growth rate on magnetic-field strength.
Satellite Cell Mitotic Activity in Posthatch Turkey Skeletal Muscle Growth

The relationship between satellite cell mitotic activity and skeletal myofiber growth was examined in Pectoralis thoracicus and Biceps femoris muscles of Large White tom turkeys (Nicholas strain) at 3, 6, 9, 18, and 26 wk of age. Mitotically active satellite cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Labeled satellite cells were identified on enzymatically isolated myofiber segments using mouse anti-BrdU followed by fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies. Myofiber nuclei (satellite cell nuclei + myonuclei) were counterstained with propidium iodide (PI). Myofiber segment diameter, myofiber segment length, and number of FITC- and PI-labeled nuclei were determined for each segment. At each age interval there was an increase in myofiber diameter, suggesting that the myofibers were growing during the entire experimental period. There was an age-related (P .05). During a late phase of myofiber growth, beyond 9 wk of age, satellite cell mitotic activity continued to decrease and myofiber growth occurred by an increased CNR. This study demonstrated that both Pectoralis thoracicus and Biceps femoris undergo a significant late phase of growth without appreciable production of myonuclei by satellite cell proliferation.
Gender and Suicide Method: Do Women Avoid Facial Disfiguration?

This study hypothesizes that women are less likely than men to use suicide methods that disfigure the face. Gender differences in the use of suicide methods that disfigure the face were examined using medical examiner’s files of 621 suicides covering a 10-year period from Summit County, Ohio in the U.S. Results showed that while firearms are the preferred method for both women and men, women were less likely to shoot themselves in the head. A series of logistic regression analyses revealed that gender, age, stressful life events and prior suicide attempts were predictors of methods that disfigure the face/head. Significant differences between men and women in correlates of suicide method emerged when the sample was split by gender. The results support the position that women who commit suicide are more likely than men who commit suicide to avoid facial disfiguration.
Level structure of 28Al

Abstract The energy-level structure of 28Al has been studied by the 27Al(d, p) reaction with 6.0 MeV incident deuterons. Thirty-six energy levels up to 5.13 MeV were analyzed. The angular distributions for the observed transitions are compared with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations. Angular momentum transfers are determined and spectroscopic strengths are deduced from the data. The results are compared with shell-model sum rules.
Effect of Systematic Changes of Ti and Hf Si-oxynitride Alloys by Nitrogen Incorporation as a Bond Constraint on Electrical and Material Properties

We have investigated the effect of Si 3 N 4 content in (Ti(Hf)O 2 ) x (Si 3 N 4 ) y (SiO 2 ) 1-x-y pseudo-ternary alloys by tracking systematic changes of electrical properties, including electrically active defects. Results from Soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) studies indicate no detectable hole traps for Ti/Hf Si oxynitrides with Si 3 N 4 content >35%; these alloys have equal concentrations of Ti(Hf)O 2 and SiO 2 , ~30-32%, and additionally are stable for annealing in Ar ambients to temperatures of 1100°C. Derivative near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAS) comparisons for the O K1 edges of TiO 2 and optimized Ti Si oxynitride alloys provides a significantly reduced average crystal field d-state splitting from 1.9 to 1.6eV, as well as decreased electron trapping, and is correlated with a four-fold coordination of Ti in the Ti Si oxynitride alloys. The flat band voltage shift with varying frequency from 10 kHz to 1MHz in these alloys is less than 12 mV and the compositional dependence of current-voltage characteristics on Si 3 N 4 composition results in the lowest leakage current at a Si 3 N 4 content of ~40 % with the smallest equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) as well. Based on these studies, Transition Metal (TM) Si oxynitride alloys are anticipated to yield EOT
Randomised controlled trial of expressive writing and quality of life in men and women treated for colon or rectal cancer

Objective: This randomised trial tested (i) whether a home-based expressive writing (EW) intervention improves quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and (ii) whether the intervention is more beneficial for men or for people who feel constrained in disclosing cancer-related concerns and feelings.Design: Patients treated for CRC were randomised to an EW (n = 101) or control writing (CW; n = 92) group. Assessments were completed at 1 month pre- and post-intervention. Sex and perceived social constraints on disclosure were evaluated as moderators.Main outcome measures: Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms, sleep problems and quality of life indicators.Results: Eighty-one per cent of participants completed all writing assignments. Consistent with hypotheses, relative to the CW group, participants in the EW group expressed more negative emotion in writing and rated their writings as more meaningful, personal and emotionally revealing. There were no significant main effects of EW or moder...
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS, SEX-TYPED CHARACTERISTICS, AND GENDER: ARE BEAUTY AND MASCULINITY LINKED? '

This study examined the relationships among sex-typed characteristics, attitudes toward women, self-esteem, and both subjective and objective ratings of physical attractiveness. 100 female and 100 ...
An assessment of the reversal index.

Abstract The results of recent experiments on reversal learning by cats and rhesus monkeys were reviewed to test the value of the ‘reversal index’ of Rajalakshmi & Jeeves (1965) as a measure of comparative learning capacity. Values of the reversal index did not vary systematically among groups differing in age, species, previous testing experience, task difficulty, infantile stimulation or environmental enrichment. Values of the reversal index for the same animals tested in two different apparatuses were uncorrelated. Several independent analyses indicated that the value of the reversal index for an individual or for a group is significantly related to the number of errors made in initial discrimination learning; this artifact implies that the reversal index has little or no merit for the comparative study of learning.
Fiji Indians and “commoditization of labor”

Fiji “Gujaratis,” free emigrant shopkeepers, refuse to commoditize their own labor, unlike the Fiji “Indians,” descendants of indentured laborers. The difference can be explained in relation to two different syntheses of bhakti devotionalism and capitalism, but only after the capitalism in Fiji's colonial history, the capitalism in India's precolonial history, and the relation of capitalism to Europe have been reconsidered. This article seeks to demonstrate the utility of a cultural approach to capitalism. [capitalism, commoditization, labor, Fiji Indians, bhakti]
Revolution in the city: On the resources of urban guerrillas

Authors who address the topic of rural guerrilla warfare argue that the ability to engage in political violence is predicated upon support from the local population and the capabilities of guerrilla organizations. We examine the applicability of these arguments for modern urban guerrilla warfare. We find that the Provisional Irish Republican Army draws on individual, organizational and environmental resources, and that the impact of these resources on the IRA has changed over time. Of these resources, the most important appear to be a combination of individual and organizational resources. Organizing into a cell structure in 1977 made the IRA dependent on only the passive support of the Northern Irish Nationalist population, and a high level of political awareness among IRA guerrillas guarantees that the IRA maintains this passive support.
Thermal conductivity of isotopically pure and Ge-doped Si epitaxial layers from 300 to 550 K

The thermal conductivity of epitaxial layers of Si is measured in the temperature range $300lTl550\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ using time-domain thermoreflectance. The analysis of the thermoreflectance data uses the ratio of the in-phase and out-of-phase signals of the lock-in amplifier to achieve a precision of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5%$. Comparisons are made between epitaxial layers of isotopically pure $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, Si with a natural isotope abundance, and Ge-doped Si. At $297\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the thermal conductivity of $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ epitaxial films is $16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ larger than the thermal conductivity of natural Si. The thermal resistance created by mass-disorder scattering of phonons is in good agreement with theory for natural Si and for Ge-doped Si with a Ge concentration of $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
The independence of the P300 and the CNV Reviewed: A reply to Wastell

The relationship of P300 to the CNV was investigated by Donchin, Tueting, Ritter, Kutas and Heffley (1975) who concluded that these two components of the event-related brain potential (ERP) are independent. Wastell (1979) questioned the validity of the data analysis procedures and of the experimental design used by Donchin et al. In this report we examine Wastell's criticisms and find them to be unfounded. In support of this conclusion we note the differences between principal component analysis and factor analysis. We clarify points about Donchin et al.'s experimental design, and we review evidence for the independence of the P300 and the CNV that has accumulated since 1975.
The enthalpy of formation of plutonium monocarbide

Abstract The energy of combustion in oxygen of a specimen of arc-melted plutonium monocarbide (PuC0.878 ± 0.003) was measured in a bomb calorimeter. The standard enthalpy of formation, ΔHfo(PuC0.878 ± 0.003, c, 298.15 K), was calculated to be −(11.41±0.68) kcal mol−1.
Acid‐Base Properties of a Limed Pyritic Overburden during Simulated Weathering

Surface-mine reclamation is often hindered by the formation of acid minesoil and acid mine drainage from FeS 2 oxidation. Surface soils containing FeS 2 are often treated with crushed limestone (predominately CaCO 3 ) to prevent acid minesoil formation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of liming pyritic minesoil to prevent the formation of acid minesoil and acid mine drainage. Pyritic minesoils that did not receive lime became acidic very rapidly and produced acidic leachate. Almost all of the FeS 2 in this treatment oxidized during the first 200 d. The addition of lime at a rate of 25% of the theoretical acid-base account (ABA) significantly slowed FeS 2 oxidation, but rapid oxidation ensued after the added lime was neutralized. Treatments receiving a liming rate of 50% ABA or greater remained neutral to alkaline throughout the study. Acid-base values and residual FeS 2 -CO 3 data, however, indicate that the lime was dissolving from the system faster than the FeS 2 was oxidizing, and all the treatments would eventually become acidic. The results indicate that the liming of a pyritic overburden to an ABA of 125% is not a sustainable solution to preventing acid minesoil and acid mine drainage.
Nonlinearity analysis of RF power amplified TD-SCDMA signals

In a Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) system, one of the critical components is the RF power amplifier. However, RF power amplifiers are perfectly linear. This is one of the main concerns in an RF power amplifier design. The nonlinearity control is described by the out-ofband power emission levels, and the nonlinearity of an RF power amplifier is described by the third-order intercept point (IP 3 ). However, there's need of clear relationship or expression between out-ofband power emission level and IP 3 for TD-SCDMA system, which helps RF designer to choose components. This paper presents the analysis of the nonlinear effect of an RF amplifier in TD-SCDMA system, and derivation of the expressions for the estimated out-of-band emission levels for TD-SCDMA signal in terms of the IP 3 , and the power level of the signal. The result will be helpful for RF engineers in the design and test of RF power amplifier in TD-SCDMA system.
Paleoceanographic implications of rare earth element variability within a FeMn crust from the central Pacific Ocean

Abstract Results of detailed geochemical analyses of thick Fe Mn oxide crust accumulations from the central Pacific Ocean lead to the suggestion that variations in their chemical composition and microstructure reflect the influence of prevailing environmental conditions at the time of formation of the deposit. These findings imply that well-preserved Fe Mn crusts represent a geologic record that may extend back to the onset of Fe Mn oxide precipitation on the subsrtate material. Current crust growth rate estimates of 1–3 mm/m.y. imply that 6–10 cm thick Fe Mn oxide accumulations represent a growth record of 20 to a maximum of 100 m.y. Detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on successive hand-picked layers of a 95-mm-thick Fe Mn crust recovered from Schumann Seamount in the Hawaiian Archipelago. The analyses reveal significant variations in the elemental distribution and abundance of major constituents and REEs as a function of depth within the crust. The trivalent REEs generally exhibit sympathetic concentration changes in pure Fe Mn oxides but the fractionation observed between the light and heavy REEs differs in layers enriched in phosphatic matter. The compositional variability and the extent of REE fractionation can be explained in large part by mineralogical control but can also be inferred to reflect differing depositional conditions in the seawater from which the deposits formed. Variations in the Ce anomaly and REE fractionation patterns within the individual layers of the crust are related to their major element composition and mineralogy and to the anomalies observed by other workers. These are used to attempt to reconstruct the growth history of the crust.
Multi-dimensional optical and laser-based diagnostics of low-temperature ionized plasma discharges

A review of work centered on the utilization of multi-dimensional optical diagnostics to study phenomena arising in radiofrequency plasma discharges is given. The diagnostics range from passive techniques such as optical emission to more active techniques utilizing nanosecond lasers capable of both high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, emphasis is placed on observations that would have been more difficult, if not impossible, to make without the use of such diagnostic techniques. Examples include the sheath structure around an electrode consisting of two different metals, double layers that arise in magnetized hydrogen discharges, or a large region of depleted argon 1s4 levels around a biased probe in an rf discharge.
A strong incompatibility between efficiency and equity in non-convex economies

In allocation problems of perfectly divisible goods, we study the equity property of 'no-domination', according to which no agent can receive strictly more of all goods than any other agent. We prove that no-domination is incompatible with Pareto efficiency, as soon as preferences are allowed to be non-convex.
Pathophysiology of amoebiasis

Few organisms are more aptly named than Entamoeba histolytica, an intestinal protozoan parasite that can lyse and destroy human tissue. Within the past four years, new models of E. histolytica infection have begun to illuminate how amoebic trophozoites cause intestinal disease and liver abscess, and have expanded our understanding of the remarkable killing ability of this parasite. Here, I summarize recent work on the interactions between E. histolytica and human intestine, and between E. histolytica and hepatocytes, and discuss what these studies tell us about the role of inflammation and programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of amoebiasis.
Concentration Change and Countervailing Power in the U.S. Food Manufacturing Industries

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the countervailing power of grocery retailers has had a restraining influence on increases in seller market concentration in the U.S. food manufacturing industries.
Laminin-8/9 is synthesized by rat glomerular mesangial cells and is required for PDGF-induced mesangial cell migration

Laminin-8/9 is synthesized by rat glomerular mesangial cells and is required for PDGF-induced mesangial cell migration. Background Laminin (LM), the major glycoprotein component of basement membranes is expressed as multiple isoforms in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. LM α4 has a limited tissue distribution and is highly expressed in the developing glomerulus. In the present study, we investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression and function of LM α4 in the glomerulus. Methods LM α4 expression was examined by Northern blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Mesangial cells (MC) were plated on purified LM-1, LM-2, and LM-8/9. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to examine the cellular phenotypes induced by LM-1 and LM-8/9. A modified Boyden chamber method was used to assess laminin participation in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated migration. Results mRNA for LMα4 is expressed in cultured rat MC, and isolated rat and mouse glomeruli, but not in cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells or glomerular endothelial cells. Using antibodies specific for LM α4, a 240 kD band was detected in MC extract and a slightly smaller band was identified in extracted rat glomeruli. Purified LM-8/9 had MC adhesive activity comparable to LM-1 and LM-2. MC attached to LM-8/9 exhibited a unique phenotype. In contrast to LM-1, attachment of MC to LM-8/9 produced a highly arborized cell morphology with significantly reduced formation of focal contacts or stress fibers. LM α4 is utilized by MC during PDGF-stimulated migration. Conclusion LM α4 is synthesized by MC and persists in the mature glomerulus. LM-8/9 stimulates a unique cellular morphology, and they are utilized in PDGF-induced migration. These factors suggest that LM α4 plays an important role in MC differentiation and in the maintenance of MC phenotype.
Acid phosphatase localization in neurons of Bulla gouldiana (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)

The organization of the ganglia and the ultrastructure of the neurons of Bulla gouldiana are similar to those described for other molluscs. Acid phosphatase positive reactions were found in the large pigmented granules, small dense bodies, multivesicular bodies, and Golgi lamellae and associated vesicles. The small dense bodies and multivesicular bodies may be stages in the formation of the larger pigmented granules which are interpreted as lysosomes. Comparison is made between the pigmented granules in Bulla and the lipofuscin bodies of vertebrate neurons. The possible involvement of these pigmented granules in the hyperpolarization of Bulla and Aplysia neurons to light is discussed.
Dynamic hedging of basket options under proportional transaction costs using receding horizon control

In this article, we develop a semi-definite programming-based receding horizon control approach to the problem of dynamic hedging of European basket call options under proportional transaction costs. The hedging problem for a European call option is formulated as a finite horizon constrained stochastic control problem. This allows us to develop a receding horizon control approach that repeatedly solves semi-definite programmes on-line in order to dynamically hedge. This approach is competitive with Black–Scholes delta hedging in the one-dimensional case with no transaction costs, but it also applies to multi-dimensional options such as basket options, and can include transaction costs. We illustrate its effectiveness through a numerical example involving an option on a basket of five stocks.
Acute Exertion Elicits a H2O2 –Dependent Vasodilator Mechanism in The Microvasculature of Exercise Trained But Not Sedentary Adults

Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation in exercise-trained (ET) individuals is maintained after a single bout of heavy resistance exercise compared with sedentary individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vasodilation is also maintained in the microcirculation of ET individuals. A total of 51 sedentary and ET individuals underwent gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsy before and after performing a single bout of leg press exercise. Adipose arterioles were cannulated in an organ bath, and vasodilation to acetylcholine was assessed±the endothelial nitric oxide inhibitorl-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, or the hydrogen peroxide scavenger polyethylene glycol catalase. Separate vessels (isolated from the same groups) were exposed to an intraluminal pressure of 150 mm Hg for 30 minutes to mimic the pressor response, which occurs with isometric exercise. Vasodilation to acetylcholine was reduced in microvessels from sedentary subjects after either a single weight lifting session or exposure to increased intraluminal pressure, whereas microvessels from ET individuals maintained acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation. Before weight lifting, vasodilation of microvessels from ET individuals was reduced in the presence of l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester and indomethacin. After weight lifting or exposure to increased intraluminal pressure, polyethylene glycol catalase significantly reduced vasodilation, whereas l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester and indomethacin had no effect. These results indicate that (1) endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the microvasculature is maintained after heavy resistance exercise in ET individuals but not in sedentary subjects and that (2) high pressure alone or during weight lifting may induce a mechanistic switch in the microvasculature to favor hydrogen peroxide as the vasoactive mediator of dilation.
Workshop Ubiquitous Presenter: Activating Engineering Education with Tablet PCs

In this workshop, participants will gain hands-on experience which will prepare them to lecture and perform active learning exercises with the Ubiquitous Presenter (UP) system. UP (in use by more than 10 faculty at over 6 institutions), is a web-based system which enables instructors (with a Tablet PC) to incorporate the best of chalk and digital presentations and automatically archives materials for student review. Additionally, UP supports a range of active learning, problem-based learning and JITT styles. Students equipped with web-enabled devices (laptops, cell phones, Tablets, etc.) can interact anonymously with instructor provided activities in and outside the classroom. Many modalities of student interaction are supported including multiple choice selection, typed text, and free form ink drawing or writing - allowing students to control and select their preferred form of interaction. Student response to UP has been very positive across a number of engineering courses. Specifically, students indicate that seeing and reviewing other students' anonymously submitted answers both in and outside of class improved their confidence in their abilities in the class.
γ-Irradiation-induced cell cycle arrest and cell death in a human submandibular gland cell line: Effect of E2F1 expression

This study examined the effect of gamma-irradiation (5 and 10 Gy) on the human submandibular cell line (HSG). Radiation treatment (5 Gy and 10 Gy) induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, with a G2/M arrest of the cell cycle, and an increase in cell death (cells with <2n DNA increased from 7% in control cells to 34% and 40% in 5 and 10 Gy irradiated cells, respectively). [Ca2+]i measurements demonstrated that the status of internal Ca2+ stores, and muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization, in irradiated cells was comparable to that in non-irradiated cells. These data suggest that 1) irradiated HSG cells maintain normal physiology and 2) internal Ca2+ store depletion does not account for the decreased cell proliferation. To manipulate the radiation-induced cell cycle arrest, we examined the effect of the transcription factor E2F1, which has been shown to induce cell cycle progression in HSG cells (Lillibridge and O'Connell, 1997, J. Cell. Physiol., 1 72:343-350). The ability of irradiated HSG cells to express and appropriately route proteins was demonstrated by using adenovirus-mediated expression of beta-galactosidase, alpha1-antitrypsin, and aquaporin-1. Infection of HSG cells with an adenoviral vector encoding E2F1, either 12 h before or immediately following irradiation, but not post-irradiation, induced maintenance of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, reduced the number of cells arrested at G2/M, and decreased the rate of appearance of cells with <2n DNA. While the mechanism of irradiation-induced cell death has not yet been confirmed, these data suggest that expression of the E2F1 gene product in HSG cells can be a useful strategy to manipulate cell cycle events and reduce the initial loss of cells due to radiation.
A NEW APPROACH FOR PERFUSION-FIXATION OF THE HEART AND ITS CONDUCTION SYSTEM FOR HISTOLOGIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES

In 9 patients dying from non-cardiac causes, hearts were perfused with 2.5% glutaraldchydc (4°C) within 1–3 hrs of death. A modified pcrfusion pump was screwed tightly on a glass container filled with pcrfusion fluid, one plastic tube was connected to the pump outlet and another one to the inlet; both were filled with perfusion fluid and clamped. Tube from pump outlet was canulated into proximal aorta. An angiocath canula was inserted into this tube with its tip at level of coronary ostia: the other end was connected to a mercury manometer. Free end of the second tube was placed under perfusion fluid surrounding the heart. Clamps were removed from both tubes and pump motor was activated forcing perfusion fluid into aorta and coronary arteries and draining into a container in which heart was suspended. The second tube returned this fluid back to the pump. Continuous perfusion was maintained for 4 hrs at 100 niniHg and 4°C. Comparison of histologic and ultrastructural findings in these perfused hearts with those of other investigators using standard techniques shows that the present method provides a simple but effective means of preserving the fine structures of the heart and its conduction system. These include transverse tubular system with triad characteristic of ventricular myocardium, Purkinje cells with absence of “T” system and characterized by large clear perinuclear zone and transitional cells in A-V node and pale (P) cells of S.A. node. In addition, this technique permits satisfactory gross examination and facillitates preparation of adequate tissue blocks from specific areas such as S.A. and A.V. node tor subsequent histologic and ultrastructural study of the heart and its conduction system.
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase in maize mesocotyls inoculated with Helminthosporium maydis or Helminthosporium carbonum

Abstract Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.5) (PAL) and hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase (E.C. 6.2.1.12) activities were measured in extracts from maize mesocotyls resistant and susceptible to Helminthosporium maydis and resistant to H. carbonum . CoA ligase activity increased in response to infection with H. maydis in both the resistant and susceptible cultivars. Activity began to increase between 6 and 9 h after inoculation and in the resistant cultivar continued to increase throughout a 48-h period. In susceptible cultivars activity ceased to increase at approximately 12 h after inoculation. The results demonstrate that the increase in CoA ligase activity is detectable as early as the onset of penetration by the fungus. No significant change in PAL activity was observed in either resistant or susceptible combinations with H. maydis , suggesting that PAL and CoA ligase are not coordinately regulated in interactions involving this fungus. Neither enzyme was found to change as a result of inoculation of any cultivar with H. carbonum .
A low-overhead technique for dynamic blackboarding using morphing technology

Abstract We present a simple, low-overhead method for “dynamic blackboarding”, using inexpensive, commercially available morphing technology. The method, which allows rapid production of animated presentations for classroom use, requires the user to construct a storyboard using a conventional graphical editor, and then link the storyboard frames into a QuickTime animation using the morphing software. The technique requires less effort to produce satisfactory simple animations than conventional algorithm animation techniques, and also requires less training. (Note to readers: Since this paper makes extensive reference to animations, it is best to view the accompanying animations at the appropriate points while reading the paper. These animations are available on the World Wide Web; their URLs are given at the appropriate points in the paper.)
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Tetracycline-Resistant Aeromonas veronii Isolates from Catfish

Eighty-one tetracycline-resistant Aeromonas sp. strains were isolated from farm-raised catfish. Morphological and biochemical characteristics indicated that 23 of the 81 aeromonads were Aeromonas hydrophila, 7 isolates were Aeromonas trota, 6 isolates were Aeromonas caviae, 42 isolates were Aeromonas veronii, and 3 isolates were Aeromonas jandaei. However, the AluI and MboI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the PCR-amplified 1.4-kb 16S rRNA gene from all 81 tetracycline-resistant aeromonads from catfish were identical to the RFLP banding patterns of A. veronii ATCC 35626, indicating that all 81 isolates were strains of A. veronii. A multiplex PCR assay successfully amplified the 5 tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA to E) from the genomic DNA of all 81 isolates. The assay determined that tetE was the dominant gene occurring in 73/81 (90.0%) of the aeromonads. Plasmids (2.0 to 20 kb) were isolated from 33 of the 81 isolates. Dendrogram analysis of the SpeI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis identified 15 distinct macrorestriction patterns among the isolates. Our results indicate the need for use of 16S rRNA in the identification of Aeromonas spp. and the prevalence of catfish as a reservoir of tet genes.
Fluorocarbon-based injectable gaseous microbubbles for diagnosis and therapy

Fluorocarbon gases have been key to the recent development of several commercial injectable microbubble products that serve as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. Microbubble-specific imaging is obtained by using harmonic and pulse inversion techniques. Controlled bubble destruction and monitoring of their re-entry into tissues provide unique tools for blood flow and tissue perfusion studies. Contrast echosonography allows assessment of structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities and solid organ lesions, including tumors. New microbubble agents that target specific tissues, allowing molecular imaging of thrombi, atherosclerotic plaques, inflammation area and angiogenesis related to tumor growth, are being investigated. Microbubbles also have potential as therapeutic tools, and as targeted and ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery systems.
Female Presence and Estrous State Influence Mouse Ultrasonic Courtship Vocalizations

The laboratory mouse is an emerging model for context-dependent vocal signaling and reception. Mouse ultrasonic vocalizations are robustly produced in social contexts. In adults, male vocalization during courtship has become a model of interest for signal-receiver interactions. These vocalizations can be grouped into syllable types that are consistently produced by different subspecies and strains of mice. Vocalizations are unique to individuals, vary across development, and depend on social housing conditions. The behavioral significance of different syllable types, including the contexts in which different vocalizations are made and the responses listeners have to different types of vocalizations, is not well understood. We examined the effect of female presence and estrous state on male vocalizations by exploring the use of syllable types and the parameters of syllables during courtship. We also explored correlations between vocalizations and other behaviors. These experimental manipulations produced four main findings: 1) vocalizations varied among males, 2) the production of USVs and an increase in the use of a specific syllable type were temporally related to mounting behavior, 3) the frequency (kHz), bandwidth, and duration of syllables produced by males were influenced by the estrous phase of female partners, and 4) syllable types changed when females were removed. These findings show that mouse ultrasonic courtship vocalizations are sensitive to changes in female phase and presence, further demonstrating the context-sensitivity of these calls.
The recoil compressive strength of pitch-based carbon fibres

The recoil compressive strengths of pitch-based carbon fibres with folded-radial and flat-layer textures were compared. Using the recoil test method, it was shown that the compressive strengths of pitch-based carbon fibres with folded-radial textures are superior to pitch-based carbon fibres with flat-layer textures at all modulus levels. Analysis of the failed fibre ends revealed that the folded-radial texture appeared to inhibit shearing of the basal planes. This may account for the superior compressive strengths of pitch-based carbon fibres with folded-radial textures. Procedural differences in the recoil test were shown to influence the calculated recoil compressive strength of pitch-based carbon fibres. Microscopic analysis of the recoil test specimens revealed that some energy is absorbed in the area where the fibre is secured to the support tab.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of Al2O3 using trimethylaluminum and O2 precursors: Growth mechanism and crystallinity

Abstract Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of Al 2 O 3 was studied by using trimethylaluminum and O 2 precursors over a variety of temperature, flow, and pressure conditions. Growth within the low temperature region from 600 to 800 °C was found to be limited by a surface kinetic process that follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. In the high temperature region from 900 to 1050 °C, the growth process was influenced by prereactions in the gas phase. The crystallinity of MOCVD Al 2 O 3 films grown in situ on GaN substrates was characterized by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). GIXRD suggested that the Al 2 O 3 films grown at 600 and 700 °C were amorphous, while those grown at 800, 900, 1000, and 1050 °C were crystalline with primarily γ -phase. HRTEM further showed that the γ -Al 2 O 3 films grown at 900 and 1050 °C were poly and single crystalline, respectively. The crystal orientation relationships during the epitaxial growth of γ -Al 2 O 3 on GaN at 1050 °C were also determined.
Anthropocentrism vs. Ethnology in the Discourse of Anthropology

One of the central concerns that is common to a broad spectrum of post-Nietzschean philosophies is the critical deconstruction of the metaphysical foundations of the discourse in the West. The opus of Michel Foucault, more specifically his critique of the epistemological centrality of the modern concept of Man and the discourse/culture of anthropocentrism which is predicated on it, represents a continuation of that tradition. This text explores the implications of Foucault's critique for the science of anthropology, addressing specifically the latter's relation to the anthropocentric episteme. In the concluding section it brings on an interesting opposition between anthropology as the project of human self-knowledge and ethnology as cultural transcendence and encounter with the culturally other.
Microbial Responses to Long-Term N Deposition in a Semiarid Grassland

Nitrogen (N) enrichment of the biosphere is an expanding problem to which arid ecosystems may be particularly sensitive. In semiarid grasslands, scarce precipitation uncouples plant and microbial activities, and creates within the soil a spatial mosaic of rhizosphere and cyanobacterial crust communities. We investigated the impact of elevated N deposition on these soil microbial communities at a grama-dominated study site located incentral New Mexico (USA). The study plots were established in 1995 and receive 10 kg ha−1 year−1 of supplemental N in the form of NH4NO3. Soil samples were collected in July 2004, following 2 years of severe drought, and again in March 2005 following a winter of record high precipitation. Soils were assayed for potential activities of 20 extracellular enzymes and N2O production. The rhizosphere and crust-associated soils had peptidase and peroxidase potentials that were extreme in relation to those of temperate soils. N addition enhanced glycosidase and phosphatase activities and depressed peptidase. In contrast to temperate forest soils, oxidative enzyme activity did not respond to N treatment. Across sampling dates, extracellular enzyme activity responses correlated with inorganic N concentrations. N2O generation did not vary significantly with soil cover or N treatment. Microbial responses to N deposition in this semiarid grassland were distinct from those of forest ecosystems and appear to be modulated by inorganic N accumulation, which is linked to precipitation patterns.
Organosilylation: Synthesis and characterization of silylmethyl methyl ether

(Received 27 O~ober 1969. The synthesis of germyl silane (i) , GeH 3 Sill3, by the reaction of germyl chloride and potassium silyl (2), KSiH3, has been reported. This novel silylation reaction appears to be of general application. The synthesis of the new compound silylmethyl methyl ether, SiH3CHzOCH3, and KSiH 3 is reported. Vapor pressure data, empirical vapor pressure equation, Trouton's constant, melting point, and extrapolated boiling point of the pure compound are presented. Spectroscopic studies confirm the structure of the molecule.
CR softcopy display presets based on optimum visualization of specific findings

The purpose of this research is to assess the utility of providing presets for computed radiography (CR) softcopy display, based not on the window/level settings, but on image processing applied to the image based on optimization for visualization of specific findings, pathologies, etc. Clinical chest images are acquired using an Agfa ADC 70 CR scanner, and transferred over the PACS network to an image processing station which has the capability to perform multiscale contrast equalization. The optimal image processing settings per finding are developed in conjunction with a thoracic radiologist by manipulating the multiscale image contrast amplification algorithm parameters. Softcopy display of images processed with finding-specific settings are compared with the standard default image presentation for fifty cases of each category. Comparison is scored using a five point scale with positive one and two denoting the standard presentation is preferred over the finding-specific presets, negative one and two denoting the finding-specific preset is preferred over the standard presentation, and zero denoting no difference. Presets have been developed for pneumothorax and clinical cases are currently being collected in preparation for formal clinical trials. Subjective assessments indicate a preference for the optimized-preset presentation of images over the standard default, particularly by inexperienced radiology residents and referring clinicians.
Radioactive waste management policies in seven industrialized democracies

Abstract This paper provides an inventory of radioactive waste management policies in seven industrialized democracies: the U.S., France, Japan, West Germany, Canada, the U.K. and Sweden. Collectively, these countries account for almost 75% of the world's installed nuclear power capacity and over 61% of its spentfuel production. Special emphasis is given to siting procedures for both high- and low-/intermediate-level waste repositories. Although several low-level repositories are operating or under construction, only West Germany has selected a site for high-level waste disposal, at Gorleben. It is expected that siting decisions will be highly conflict-laden in each country except for pro-nuclear France. The procedures for resolving potential siting conflicts are briefly reviewed. Sweden's strategy of siting its low-level repository near Forsmark offshore beneath the Baltic seabed minimizes conflict and may become attractive to other nations. Also, transnational agreements may eventually be sought as radioactive waste disposal is an international problem. This paper concludes with a comparative discussion of siting policies and their potential impacts.
A localized hybrid method of stress analysis: A combination of moiré interferometry and FEM

A method of combining moire interferometry and the finite-element method to effect localized stress analysis is presented. The displacement data from local regions of interest in the optical experiment are used as boundary conditions for the finite-element stress analysis.