cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
B16F10 melanoma cell colonization of mouse lung is enhanced by partial pneumonectomy.

Surgical resection of lung tissue is employed clinically as a therapy for pulmonary metastases; however, local cancer recurrence is a frequent post-surgical complication. In a variety of small mammals, left pneumonectomy (PNX) initiates rapid compensatory hyperplasia of the remnant lung lobes restoring normal tissue mass, structure and function. Post-PNX compensatory lung growth is known to promote lung tumor formation in carcinogen-treated mice. The present study tests the hypothesis that PNX enhances experimental metastasis to lung. C57Bl/6 mice subjected to PNX were given an intravenous injection of B16F10 melanoma cells at various stages of compensatory lung growth. Animals injected with B16F10 cells during the linear phase of the response had 77% to 260% more pulmonary metastases than mice subjected to thoracotomy (P<0.01). Moreover, measurements of tumor area (mm2) revealed that PNX mice harbored a substantially larger lung tumor burden than control animals. Normalization of the tumor cell inoculum to lung mass yielded similar results. PNX had no effect on growth of sub-cutaneous B16F10 melanoma tumors, suggesting that experimental melanoma metastasis was enhanced by local alterations in the lung microenvironment. These results suggest (1) that PNX is a relevant model in which to investigate mechanisms of local cancer recurrence and, (2) melanoma cell metastatic potential is influenced, at least in part, by local factors modified during post-PNX compensatory lung growth.
Complementary Food Supplements Increase Dietary Nutrient Adequacy and Do Not Replace Home Food Consumption in Children 6-18 Months Old in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh.

Background Inadequate complementary feeding is common in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to growth deficits. Complementary food supplements (CFSs) aim to fill dietary gaps, but few CFS studies have measured nutrient intake. In a community-based, randomized CFS trial in Bangladesh, we previously reported poor dietary diversity in 6-18-mo-old participants. Objective We investigated, in a secondary analysis in the same trial, micronutrient intake adequacy in supplemented compared with control-arm children. Methods At age 6 mo, children were assigned to 1 y of child-feeding counseling for mothers (control) or counseling plus 1 of 4 CFS formulations. Mothers were administered quantitative past 24-h diet questionnaires for their children at ages 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 mo. Nutrient intakes were estimated with local recipes and food composition tables assuming average age-specific breastmilk intake. Adequacy was evaluated relative to estimated average requirements or adequate intakes. Multivariate analysis of variance and generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression models estimated the effect of each CFS on nutrient adequacy. GEE models tested dietary predictors of nutrient adequacy in the control arm. Results A total of 25,964 dietary modules across 5 interviews were completed. Nutrient adequacy from home foods combined with assumed breastmilk intake was low. Only 5 of 16 micronutrients were adequately consumed by >60% of children at 18 mo of age. Daily CFSs did not affect energy-adjusted micronutrient intake from home foods at any follow-up age (P > 0.05). CFSs increased the mean adequacy ratio for all micronutrients (P < 0.001 at all ages), to ≥1 for 14 of 16 micronutrients at 18 mo. Dietary diversity predicted adequate iron, zinc and calcium intake at 15 mo in unsupplemented controls. Conclusions Home foods did not meet the estimated micronutrient needs of 9-18-mo-old children in rural Bangladesh. Daily supplementation with fortified complementary foods filled many micronutrient intake gaps and did not displace home foods. Previously, CFSs were shown to also improve linear growth and reduce stunting in this cohort. Findings support the need for CFSs in similar settings to promote nutritional well being and growth. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01562379.
Two-Pattern ∆IDDQ Test for Recycled IC Detection

Increasing numbers of used and recycled integrated circuits (ICs) being fraudulently marketed as new, is a serious concern for government and industry because these chips can pose serious reliability problems. This paper presents a novel approach to detect recycled chips already in circulation in the market by measuring IDDQ, the quiescent (steady state) current from power supply. The measured IDDQ is the leakage from off transistors, and decreases as the circuit ages due to the increase in the magnitude of the transistor threshold voltages caused by negative/positive bias temperature instability (NBTI/PBTI). To eliminate the influence of chip-to-chip process variation, we use a normalized difference, ΔI, from measurements at two input test patterns. Focusing on NBTI, in one pattern IDDQ is controlled by a large number of minimally stressed PMOS transistors and in the other it is controlled by an equal number of heavily stressed PMOS transistors. The new approach requires no hardware addition or modification to the design. A standard IC tester can be used to measure IDDQ and identify these recycled parts. Our simulation results show that we can detect recycled ICs that have been used for as little as six months.
Extension of Rough Set Based on Positive Transitive Relation.

The application of rough set theory in incomplete information systems is a key problem in practice since missing values almost always occur in knowledge acquisition due to the error of data measuring, the limitation of data collection, or the limitation of data comprehension, etc. An incomplete information system is mainly processed by compressing the indiscernibility relation. The existing rough set extension models based on tolerance or symmetric similarity relations typically discard one relation among the reflexive, symmetric and transitive relations, especially the transitive relation. In order to overcome the limitations of the current rough set extension models, we define a new relation called the positive transitive relation and then propose a novel rough set extension model built upon which. The new model holds the merit of the existing rough set extension models while avoids their limitations of discarding transitivity or symmetry. In comparison to the existing extension models, the proposed model has a better performance in processing the incomplete information systems while substantially reducing the computational complexity, taking into account the relation of tolerance and similarity of positive transitivity, and supplementing the related theories in accordance to the intuitive classification of incomplete information. In summary, the positive transitive relation can improve current theoretical analysis of incomplete information systems and the newly proposed extension model is more suitable for processing incomplete information systems and has a broad application prospect.
Mammalian pathogenicity and transmissibility of a reassortant Eurasian avian-like A(H1N1v) influenza virus associated with human infection in China (2015)

Swine-origin (variant) H1 influenza A viruses associated with numerous human infections in North America in recent years have been extensively studied in vitro and in mammalian models to determine their pandemic potential. However, limited information is available on Eurasian avian-like lineage variant H1 influenza viruses. In 2015, A/Hunan/42443/2015 virus was isolated from a child in China with a severe infection. Molecular analysis revealed that this virus possessed several key virulence and human adaptation markers. Similar to what was previously observed in C57BL/6J mice, we report here that in the BALB/c mouse model, A/Hunan/42443/2015 virus caused more severe morbidity and higher mortality than did North American variant H1 virus isolates. Furthermore, the virus efficiently replicated throughout the respiratory tract of ferrets and exhibited a capacity for transmission in this model, underscoring the need to monitor zoonotic viruses that cross the species barrier as they continue to pose a pandemic threat.
Generativity and other buffers of death awareness in first responders

Background and Objectives: Anxiety buffer disruption theory (ABDT) predicts that posttraumatic stress reactions occur when buffers of awareness of death, such as meaning in life, self-esteem, and s...
Performance of non-uniform functionally graded piezoelectric energy harvester beams:

The appearance of functionally graded piezoelectric materials has solved the lamination problem of the conventional piezoelectric structures. Functionally graded piezoelectric materials are the new...
Advanced Modeling Methods-Applications to Bone Fracture Mechanics.

The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances in modeling of bone fracture using fracture mechanics–based approaches at multiple length scales spanning nano- to macroscale. Despite the additional information that fracture mechanics–based models provide over strength-based ones, the application of this approach to assessing bone fracture is still somewhat limited. Macroscale fracture models of bone have demonstrated the potential of this approach in uncovering the contributions of geometry, material property variation, as well as loading mode and rate on whole bone fracture response. Cortical and cancellous microscale models of bone have advanced the understanding of individual contributions of microstructure, microarchitecture, local material properties, and material distribution on microscale fracture resistance of bone. Nano/submicroscale models have provided additional insight into the effect of specific changes in mineral, collagen, and non-collagenous proteins as well as their interaction on energy dissipation and fracture resistance at small length scales. Advanced modeling approaches based on fracture mechanics provide unique information about the underlying multiscale fracture mechanisms in bone and how these mechanisms are influenced by the structural and material constituents of bone at different length scales. Fracture mechanics–based modeling provides a powerful approach that complements experimental evaluations and advances the understanding of critical determinants of fracture risk.
TCT-637 A Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease

ESRD is associated with an increased incidence of severe aortic stenosis. For these patients the usual care has been surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). ESRD patients are at increased surgical risk. TAVR may be an alternative option to open surgery for those with ESRD. However, landmark TAVR
Differences Between Latinx and White Students in College-Going Behaviors

Though Latinx students are going to college at an increasing rate, these students are still more likely to attend community college and less prestigious 4-year institutions than other groups. In an effort to understand this pattern, our study investigates how Latinx students prepare for college while in high school. We use nationally representative data to predict how Latinx students differ from White students when engaging in college-going behaviors. We find that, net of controls, Latinx students are less likely to take college entrance exams but submit more applications to college. We also find that increases in parental SES are associated with increases in college-going behaviors for White students, while Latinx students are consistent in engaging in college-going behaviors across parental SES. An increase in the number of friends planning to attend 4-year college is associated with greater engagement in some college-going behaviors for Latinx students, though less so than for White students. These results have implications for how researchers conceptualize the Latinx–White college enrollment gap.
Sustainable Energy Resources of Bangladesh: A Big Data Approach

Sustainability and conservation of energy resource in a developing country such as Bangladesh is a major concern for the people and their government. Massive amount of data is being generated in the energy sector which is untapped and can potentially provide a roadmap to ensure the sustainability of energy resources. We present an approach on how big data can help us find meaning in the data that is available and how analyzing the data can help countries like Bangladesh to set aside and distribute energy in an efficient manner while also providing environmental benefits. We classified the data sources and presented a high-level design that would help us implement such a solution in future. Finally, we discussed the applications of the analysis and how we can move forward towards additional points of interests for achieving energy sustainability.
Three Views of the Administrative State: Lessons from Collins v. Yellen

In Collins v. Yellen, the Supreme Court held that the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s structure violates the separation of powers because the president cannot remove the FHFA’s head at will. By itself, that constitutional holding — which significantly expands upon earlier precedent — makes Collins an important case. The Court, however, also resolved a statutory question worth billions of dollars and issued an important remedial decision regarding unconstitutional restrictions on presidential removal. Drawing on the author’s experience as Court-appointed amicus in Collins, this essay examines all three aspects of the Court’s decision and explores what Collins as a whole says about the modern administrative state. In particular, this essay argues that Collins demonstrates that federal power is ubiquitous in the housing sector, the White House has extensive control over that power, and the Court is reluctant to provide much relief to private plaintiffs.
Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Efficiency of Prefrontal Cortex Activation Patterns of Gait in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND Cognitive Reserve (CR) protects against cognitive decline, but whether CR influences the efficiency of cortical control of gait has not been reported. The current study addressed this important gap in the literature. Specifically, we determined the role of CR in moderating the efficiency of functional Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived HbO2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) assessed during active walking. We hypothesized that higher CR would be associated with more efficient brain activation patterns. METHODS Participants were 55 (mean age=74.84; %female=49.1) older adults who underwent the combined walking/fNIRS protocol and had MRI data. We used an established dual-task walking paradigm that consisted of three task conditions: Single-Task-Walk (STW), Single-Task-Alpha (STA, cognitive task) and Dual-Task-Walk (DTW). Using the residuals approach, CR was derived from a word-reading test score by removing variance accounted for by socio-demographic variables, tests of current cognitive functions and a measure of structural brain integrity. RESULTS CR moderated the change in fNIRS-derived HbO2 in the PFC across tasks. Higher CR was associated with smaller increases in fNIRS-derived HbO2 from the single tasks to dual task walking (CR x DTW compared to STW: estimate = .183; p < .001; CR x DTW compared to STA: estimate =.257; p < .001). The moderation effect of CR remained significant when adjusting for multiple covariates and concurrent moderation effects of measures of gait performance, current cognitive functions and structural integrity of the brain. CONCLUSION The current study provided first evidence that higher CR was associated with better neural efficiency of walking in older adults.
Moral Rights and Supernatural Fiction: Authorial Dignity and the New Moral Rights Agendas

In recent years, several scholars have revisited the question of moral rights protections for creators of copyright works in the United States. Their scholarship has focused on defining a moral rights agenda that comports with American constitutional values, as well as being practically suited to current copyright business practices. Much of this scholarship has prioritized a right of attribution over other moral rights, such as the right of integrity. This Article evaluates some of these recent moral rights models in light of a sample of comments made by American supernatural fiction authors about their works. The Author questions whether the moral rights models advocated in modern discourse effectively fill the gaps between authors’ stated interests and the protections currently available under copyright law. The Author also questions the extent to which authors’ rights should be elevated above others’ rights to enjoy and adapt their works.
Predicting renal functional outcomes after surgery for renal cortical tumours: a multifactorial analysis

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To examine the functional outcomes after radical (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN) stratified by variables before and after surgery, using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as nephrectomy is the standard treatment for localized renal tumours, but the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed patients treated with PN or RN for renal cancer at one institution from 1988 to 2008. Chronic renal function before and after surgery was measured using the eGFR computed using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Four outcomes were measured: (i) presence of new-onset renal insufficiency (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2); (ii) the percentage change in eGFR; (iii) the change in CKD stage; and (iv) the presence of CKD upstaging. Regression models were used to determine the effect of surgical procedure (RN vs PN), access technique (open vs laparoscopic) and several preoperative characteristics on functional outcomes. RESULTS In all, 276 patients met the inclusion criteria (174 RN and 102 PN) of whom 209 had a preoperative eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73m2. After ≥3 months from surgery, 108/209 (52%) patients developed new-onset eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73m2. On multivariate analysis, preoperative CKD stage (P < 0.001) and procedure (P= 0.001) were both independent predictors of all four functional outcomes measured. Also, hypertension was an independent predictor of CKD upstaging (P= 0.02). Surgical access technique was not an independent predictor of any of the renal functional outcomes measured. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing renal surgery have a high rate of new-onset CKD afterward. After controlling for preoperative risk factors, patients undergoing RN are at greater risk of a decline in renal function. However, surgical access technique was not a significant predictor for renal impairment.
A point of view: Physical processes on the continental shelf and their implications for numerical circulation models

When contemplating numerical circulation models for continental shelf regimes, it is necessary to have a clear view of the prevailing processes, and their properties. Such regimes are challenging because they are under the joint influence of density stratification, variable depth, earth’s rotation, and bottom friction. Further factors are the strong response of shelf regimes to winds and the general vigor of tides and river run-off in these regimes. The approach taken here is to make a conceptual Fourier decomposition so that the processes can be ordered in Fourier space.
ADRENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: Detection of Tumors and Hyperplasia in Hyperadrenocorticism

The ultrasonographic appearance of the normal canine adrenal gland has not been described. This is due to the small size and shape of the canine adrenal glands, overlying abdominal viscera, similar acoustic texture to that of the surrounding tissue, frequent abundant perirenal fat, and the lack of patient compliance. Adrenal enlargement in association with hyperadrenocorticism, secondary to hyperplasia or neoplasia, can sometimes be identified by finding a distinct structure cranial and/or medial to the cranial pole of either kidney. Case history reports are used to characterize the appearance of adrenal enlargement from hyperplasia and adrenocortical adenocarcinoma. Additional case history reports are included to illustrate possible interpretation problems. Lack of ultrasonographic visualization of the adrenal gland does not rule out the possibility of enlargement, particularly if the enlargement in mild.
Search for RS gravitons via WLWL decays

Abstract The original Randall–Sundrum (RS) model with a warped extra dimension along with extensions provides the possibility for a simultaneous solution to Planck-weak hierarchy problem as well as the flavor puzzle in the Standard Model (SM). The most distinctive feature of this scenario is the existence of Kaluza–Klein (KK) gravitons whose masses and couplings to the SM fields are set by the TeV scale. In some realistic versions of this framework, the largest coupling of the gravitons to the observed particles is to the top quark and unphysical Higgses ( W L ± and Z L ) with the KK graviton (G) masses predicted to be ≳4 TeV. We extend earlier works on the KK graviton decays to the t t ¯ final state and to the “gold-plated” Z L Z L modes (with each Z decaying to e + e − or to μ + μ − ) by studying the resonant production of the gravitons and their subsequent decay to W L W L pair. We find that with 300 fb−1 integrated luminosity of data the semileptonic G → W ( → l ν l ) W ( → 2 jets ) mode offers a good opportunity to search for the RS KK graviton mode with mass lighter than ∼3–3.5 TeV at the CERN LHC. Efficient WW mass reconstruction in the semileptonic mode combined with an analysis of dilepton mass distribution in the purely leptonic channel, p p → W ( → l ν l ) W ( → l ′ ν l ′ ) may help to observe KK Z ′ and KK graviton separately. Suitably defined average energy of the charged lepton in the semileptonic mode may be used to distinguish decays from longitudinal versus transverse W-bosons.
Historic Views on Cachexia in Humans with Special Reference to Cardiac Cachexia

Extreme loss of body tissue in association with severe illness has been observed by physicians since ancient Greek times. The term ‘cachexia’ was the label for a ‘signum mali ominis’ in various, mostly fatal, diseases. Observing the chronicity of the course of a disease, cachexia was recognised as a severe complication indicating end-stage disease and poor quality of life. As modern treatment helps to prevent early death for an increasing number of chronic diseases, growing interest is focussed on chronic complications such as cachexia. Nevertheless, observation and clinical documentation of this condition go back as long as medical science itself. Pioneering studies on the reasons and mechanisms of cachexia were performed several decades ago. These studies provide fundamental insights and guidance towards a better understanding of cachexia.
Effect of titania structure on palladium oxide catalysts in the oxidative coupling of 4-methylpyridine

Abstract The effects of anatase and rutile titania on PdO/TiO 2 catalysts and how these phases influence the activity in the oxidative coupling of 4-methylpyridine to 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine were investigated. The anatase and rutile concentrations were systematically varied by heat treating a nearly amorphous nanoparticle titania at temperatures between 105 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed that the anatase concentration increased with heat treatment temperature until rutile began to form at 600 °C, and at 800 °C rutile TiO 2 was the only phase observed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the catalysts revealed strong PdO-TiO 2 interactions which increased with support treatment temperature. According to XPS, the interactions yielded electron-deficient PdO species (Pd δ+ with δ > 2) and Ti 3+ species (likely TiO 2 with oxygen vacancies) on the surface of the catalysts, as a result of electron transfer from palladium to titania. These PdO-TiO 2 interactions increased with increasing anatase phase in the TiO 2 support and the turnover number (TON: number of product molecules formed per surface palladium site) followed the same trend. The strongest interactions (the largest amounts of Pd δ+ with δ > 2 and Ti 3+ species) were observed for the catalysts supported on rutile TiO 2 , which is also the catalyst with the highest TON, revealing the importance of electron transfer from palladium to titania in this reaction. Despite the high TON for PdO on rutile TiO 2 , the anatase-supported PdO gave a significantly higher product yield due to the very low surface area of rutile TiO 2 .
Portfolio assessment for promotion and tenure: three assessment challenges [education]

Portfolios offer faculties an individualized approach to performance evaluation for achievements, such as promotion and tenure, and ongoing processes, such as teaching and service. This paper explores assessment challenges for portfolios related to tenure and promotion, examining such issues as criteria development, evaluation concerns and the actual review.
A Simple Method for In Situ Monitoring of Water Temperature in Substrates Used by Spawning Salmonids

Abstract Interstitial water temperature within spawning habitats of salmonids may differ from surface-water temperature depending on intragravel flow paths, geomorphic setting, or presence of groundwater. Because survival and developmental timing of salmon are partly controlled by temperature, monitoring temperature within gravels used by spawning salmonids is required to adequately describe the environment experienced by incubating eggs and embryos. Here we describe a simple method of deploying electronic data loggers within gravel substrates with minimal alteration of the natural gravel structure and composition. Using data collected in spawning sites used by summer and fall chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from two streams within the Yukon River watershed, we compare contrasting thermal regimes to demonstrate the utility of this method.
Analysis of structural features responsible for the sweetness of the sesquiterpene, hernandulcin.

The relationship between sweetness and structure was studied for several analogues of the intensely sweet sesquiterpene, hernandulcin. These derivatives were prepared synthetically, and were subjected to spectroscopic and conformational analysis. With the exception of the parent substance, none of the derivatives tested proved to be sweet. Evidence gathered in this study suggests that hernandulcin binds to its putative receptor through a three-point interaction, involving the C-1 carbonyl and C-1′ hydroxyl groups, and the double bond between C-4′ and C-5′. In the course of a preliminary safety assessment, the 3-desmethyl derivative of hernandulcin was found to be mutagenic towardSalmonella typhimurium strain TM677.
Hyaluronan-CD44v3 interaction with Oct4/Sox2/Nanog promotes miR-302 expression leading to self-renewal, clonal formation and cisplatin resistance in cancer stem cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant cancer associated with major morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined that human HNSCC-derived HSC-3 cells contain a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) characterized by high levels of CD44v3 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) expression. These tumor cells also express several stem cell markers (the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) and display the hallmark CSC properties of self-renewal/clonal formation and the ability to generate heterogeneous cell populations. Importantly, hyaluronan (HA) stimulates the CD44v3 (an HA receptor) interaction with Oct4-Sox2-Nanog leading to both a complex formation and the nuclear translocation of three CSC transcription factors. Further analysis reveals that microRNA-302 (miR-302) is controlled by an upstream promoter containing Oct4-Sox2-Nanog-binding sites, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that stimulation of miR-302 expression by HA-CD44 is Oct4-Sox2-Nanog-dependent in HNSCC-specific CSCs. This process results in suppression of several epigenetic regulators (AOF1/AOF2 and DNMT1) and the up-regulation of several survival proteins (cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and XIAP) leading to self-renewal, clonal formation, and cisplatin resistance. These CSCs were transfected with a specific anti-miR-302 inhibitor to silence miR-302 expression and block its target functions. Our results demonstrate that the anti-miR-302 inhibitor not only enhances the expression of AOF1/AOF2 and DNMT1 but also abrogates the production of cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and XIAP and HA-CD44v3-mediated cancer stem cell functions. Taken together, these findings strongly support the contention that the HA-induced CD44v3 interaction with Oct4-Sox2-Nanog signaling plays a pivotal role in miR-302 production leading to AOF1/AOF2/DNMT1 down-regulation and survival of protein activation. All of these events are critically important for the acquisition of cancer stem cell properties, including self-renewal, clonal formation, and chemotherapy resistance in HA-CD44v3-activated head and neck cancer.
Al as a simple solid: High pressure study to 220 GPa (2.2 Mbar).

The static equation of state of Al has been measured to 220 GPa, corresponding to a compression of $\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}=0.50$. No phase transformation from the fcc to hcp phase was observed. The equation of state fits the H11 form for a simple solid as defined by W.B. Holzapfel Phys. Rev. B 48 767 1993 with no free parameters. These results are also consistent with recent shock data on Al to a pressure of 1 TPa ($\frac{V}{{V}_{0}}=0.30$) Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 1414 1988. The ultrasonic, static, and shock equations of state of Al are reconciled and compared to theoretical predictions.
Quantum interference effects on fermion clustering in a fermion interferometer

Abstract The wave-like attributes of matter have been examined in numerous interference experiments exhibiting the first-order coherence of the particle field. Intensity fluctuation and correlation experiments, such as pioneered in light optics by Hanbury Brown and Twiss, manifest second-order coherence, a measure of particle clustering behaviour. Experiments of this nature have not, as yet, been performed on massive particle beams. The cross-correlation of output beams in a Mach-Zehnder fermion interferometer is sensitive to the coherence properties of multiparticle input states and to the quantum mechanical interaction of such states with potential fields such as electromagnetic potentials or gravity. Examples of both one- and two-port input beams are considered.
A longitudinal study of rotavirus antibody titers in swine in a closed specific pathogen-free herd

In a newly established closed specific pathogen-free (SPF) swine herd, gilt/sow suckling and weaned pig rotavirus specific antibody titers were followed for three lactations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gain insight into the dynamics of herd antibody titers to group A rotavirus. Among gilts/sows, serum antirotavirus IgG titers increased during each lactation with a subsequent drop in titer between farrowings. Serum antirotavirus IgM titers declined during each lactation and with subsequent parity. Serum antirotavirus IgA titers remained constant during lactations and among parities. In colostrum and milk, antirotavirus IgA antibody was abundant. Differences in titer were not noticed between gilts and second litter sows but third litter sows had significantly higher titers than the first two groups. Antirotavirus IgG was high in colostrum but nearly nonexistent in milk. This titer did not vary significantly within or among parities. There was a linear regression in the titers of baby pig serum antirotavirus IgG from the post colostral sample through to seven weeks old, after which titer began to increase. No difference in baby pig serum antirotavirus IgG was noted among the three litters. Serum antirotavirus IgA and IgM were undetectable in baby pig sera after 2-3 weeks of age. Coproantibody to rotavirus was sporadically present in pig feces for 2-3 weeks after birth with highest titers in the IgA fraction. We conclude that although it is probable that age resistance of pigs to rotavirus diarrhea occurs, humoral immunity as measured by ELISA rotavirus antibody titers may not be intimately involved in virus clearance since in our studies baby pigs passively received large amounts of antibody but still excreted pathogenic virus. The finding of increasing levels of serum antirotavirus IgG in gilt/sow serum suggest that exposure to antigen of dams occur without significant increases in antirotavirus IgG titers in either colostrum, milk, or baby pig serum.
A new inclusion host: an inclusion complex between a 1,3,5-triaroylbenzene host and a benzene guest stabilized by aromatic CH···O hydrogen bonds

Abstract A methoxy-functionalized C3-symmetrical 1,3,5-triaroylbenzene derivative was prepared by cyclotrimerization of a substituted aryl ethynyl ketone. This material was found to form a stable inclusion complex with benzene in a host:guest ratio of 1:1 as revealed by X-ray crystallography. The solid state structure appears to be stabilized by aromatic CH···O hydrogen bonds between the benzene guest and the triaroylbenzene host.
Ultrastructural localization of monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody binding to rat brain.

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), in the presence or absence of systemic lupus erythematosus, are associated with a number of neurologic complications. However, the role aPL play in pathology is unclear. A thrombotic etiology seems likely for many associated disorders, but not for others. Here we describe aPL-reactive sites in the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, using light microscopy, we showed direct binding of two monoclonal phosphatidylserine-reactive antibodies (aPS) to ependyma and myelin of fixed cat brain. In this study we determined the ultrastructural localization of their binding sites in rat CNS using immunogold electron microscopy techniques. Both monoclonal antibodies reacted strongly with myelin, preferentially with the major dense line formed by the cytoplasmic apposition of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane. Both monoclonal antibodies also reacted with an antigen that appears associated with the axoneme in cilia of ependymal and choroid plexus epithelium. One monoclonal aPS also showed some reactivity with brain vascular endothelium and reacted slightly with mitochondria, while the other aPS did not react with these structures. While the etiology of aPL-associated neurologic disorders remains unclear, our data suggest possible target sites within the CNS with which aPL can react.
Synergistic Activity of Colistin and Ceftazidime against Multiantibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

Despite the marketing of a series of new antibiotics for antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria, no new agents for multiple-antibiotic-resistant gram-negative infections will be available for quite some time. Clinicians will need to find more effective ways to utilize available agents. Colistin is an older but novel antibiotic that fell into disfavor with clinicians some time ago yet still retains a very favorable antibacterial spectrum, especially for Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. Time-kill curves for two strains of multiantibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were generated after exposure to colistin alone or in combination with ceftazidime or ciprofloxacin in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. MICs of colistin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and tobramycin were 0.125, ≥32, >4, >128/4, 16, and >16 mg/liter, respectively. Colistin showed rapid, apparently concentration-dependent bactericidal activity at concentrations between 3 and 200 mg/liter. We were unable to detect increased colistin activity at concentrations above 18 mg/liter due to extremely rapid killing. The combination of colistin and ceftazidime was synergistic (defined as at least a 2-log10 drop in CFU per milliliter from the count obtained with the more active agent) at 24 h. Adding ciprofloxacin to colistin did not enhance antibiotic activity. These data suggest that the antibacterial effect of colistin combined with ceftazidime can be maximized at a peak concentration of ≤18 mg/liter.
Selective Colorimetric Analysis of Apomorphine in Liver Fractions

Abstract A sensitive, accurate, and precise method for determining apomorphine in mammalian liver fractions has been developed, based on reaction with blue tetrazolium. The devised procedure shows no interference from 0-methyl metabolites and has been utilized in analyzing apomorphine in liver fractions from four species of animals.
Computation of maximal flows in networks

Abstract : A simple computational method, based on the simplex algorithm of linear programming, is proposed for the following problem: 'Consider a network (e.g., rail, road, communication network) connecting two given points by way of a number of intermediate points, where each link of the network has a number assigned to it representing its capacity. Assuming a steady state condition, find a maximal flow from one given point to the other.'
Percutaneous laser balloon coagulation of accessory pathways

Nonsurgical ablation techniques have been proposed to cease conduction through accessory pathways which electrically connect the atrium and ventricle. The intent of this research was to investigate further the potential use of laser energy, delivered via a balloon catheter in the canine coronary sinus to photocoagulate the myocardial fibers responsible for accessory pathway conduction. Based on histological evaluation of the lesions created in acute and chronic studies, the extent of coagulation necrosis is sufficient to ablate most pathways which lie adjacent to the coronary sinus. Results from surface temperature measurements using repetitive laser exposures suggest that optical and/or thermal changes occurring in the myocardium are of greater importance than those occurring in the adipose tissue. Since the laser balloon catheter is surrounded by various tissue types, a Monte Carlo model was developed to determine the distribution of light in the atrioventricular groove.
Flow Induced Organization and Memory of a Vortex Lattice

We report on the evolution of a vortex state in response to a driving current in $2H\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ crystals. By using fast transport measurements we find that the current enables the system to reorganize and access new configurations. During this process the system exhibits a long-term memory: if the current is turned off the vortices freeze in place remembering their prior motion. When the current is restored the motion resumes where it stopped. The experiments provide evidence for a current driven structural change of the vortex lattice and a corresponding dynamic phase diagram that contains a previously unknown regime where the critical current can be either increased or decreased by applying an appropriate current.
Specificities in natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against lymphoblastoid cell lines I. Selective inhibition by cross‐competition

The apparent nonselective effects of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity tested directly on different lymphoblastoid cell targets were found to be quite specific in the cross-competition assay. The specificity was detected through inhibition of cytotoxicity by competitor cells sharing common specificities with the target cells. Cross-competition tests were performed employing eight lymphoblastoid lines including four T and four B cells. Selective inhibition observed between lymphoblastoid cell lines indicated that T and B cell lines were more antigenically similar within each group than between them. The target antigens that distinguish T cell from B cell lines have been tentatively called TA-T and TA-B.
A two-layer coalitional game among rational cognitive radio users

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, secondary users (SUs) sense the spectrum to identify and possibly transmit over temporarily unoccupied channels that are licensed to primary users (PUs). However, when the received PU signal is weak, spectrum sensing by individual SUs becomes unreliable. To improve sensing accuracy, SUs can form disjoint coalitions and cooperate to discover idle time slots. These spectrum opportunities are then shared among the coalition members in a coordinated manner. It is proposed to decouple the coalition formation and the access (payoff) allocation problems by modeling these processes as a two-layer coalitional game. This game fosters cooperation by providing each SU with the access opportunities it deserves. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed game outperforms previously investigated collaborative sensing and access approaches in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, and fairness.
The role of position, type, and combination of sound symbolism imbeds in brand names

Sound symbolism research provides considerable support for the relationship between sound and meaning. What is not well understood is how best to imbed sound symbolism to create meaningful brand names. This research investigates three basic decisions or issues that marketers face when embedding sound symbolism in brand names—i.e., (a) where to position the imbed, (b) what type of imbed to use, and (c) what is the effect of combining imbeds. Results of study 1 indicate that imbeds placed after the first syllable of a brand name communicate branding meaning. Also, brand meaning is better conveyed by vowels than consonants in a brand name. Combining consistent vowel and consonant imbeds in a brand name provides an additive effect with respect to communicating brand meaning. Results of study 2 show that combining consistent imbeds in a brand name can have a favorable impact on product choice.
Multi-level supervisory control of a standalone hybrid fuel cell power system

Fuel Cells supplemented with energy storage system are considered as the promising source of alternative energy for portable, transportation and distributed generation applications. High power density of the supercapacitor and high energy storage capability of the battery make them ideal choice as the energy storage system. The integration of these three power sources however, poses several difficulties for control system designers. In this paper, it is shown that a supervisory based control system can well handle the situation associated with the integration. The higher level supervisory controller monitors the load demand, power availability of the fuel cell and state of the charge of the battery/supercapacitor and decides the operating condition of the system. The operating parameters are sent to the lower level power electronics controllers. A unidirectional DC/DC converter and two bidirectional DC/DC converters are designed for the power electronics interface. All the simulations are carried out in the matlab/simulink environment. The supervisory controller is implemented using stateflow and fuzzy logic toolbox of matlab.
Mechanism of proton transfer. II. Transfers to and from imidazole

Abstract A CNDO/2 calculation of an imidazole plus a proton in the plane perpendicular to the imidaxole plane has shown that the proton is lost most easilu in the direction defined by the NH bond regardless of whether the hydrogen bond is bent or is not bent. However, bent hydrogen bonds transfer protons much easier than unstrained hydrogen bonds in agreement with the chymotrypsin mechanism of Wang.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A COMBINED POWER AND COOLING THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE

A novel combined power-cooling thermodynamic cycle, for use with low-temperature, sensible heat sources, is under experimental investigation. In this power-cooling cycle, absorption condensation is used to regenerate the working fluid. This allows the expander exhaust temperature to drop significantly below the temperature at which absorption is taking place. This is an obvious departure from pure working fluid, Rankine cycle operation and is the source of cooling. Expander exhaust temperatures are controlled by the cycle parameters of expander exit pressure (absorption pressure), expander isentropic efficiency, and the vapor properties (temperature, pressure, and concentration) at expander inlet. Experiments have been performed that show the power-cooling concept to be valid by measuring the expander exit-absorber temperature difference and they highlight the direction for future work.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The role of visual experience in the development of cat striate cortex.

1. By the third postnatal week, intrinsic developmental programs have established a framework within the cat visual system; this will be used to guide the course of subsequent experience-dependent development. Key elements in this framework are precociously mature cells in visual cortex area 17. These orientation-selective cells are predominantly first-order neurons, they are concentrated in layers IV and VI of area 17, most of them are activated monocularly, many may receive their direct excitatory input from lateral geniculate nucleus X cells, and the distribution of their preferred orientations is biased toward horizontal and vertical. 2. Between the third and the sixth postnatal week, most of the remaining cells in area 17 develop orientation selectivity; this extension of orientation selectivity is blocked or delayed if kittens are deprived of normal patterned visual stimulation. Furthermore, exposure to a limited range of stimulus orientations can lead to an increase in the proportion of orientation-selective cells, and the range of orientation preferences that the cells acquire is restricted by the range of orientations to which the animal is exposed. This occurs with no apparent change in the physiology or morphology of intrinsically selective area 17 cells. Thus selective exposure may have its effect by influencing the connections between the intrinsically selective cells and higher-order neurons in area 17. 3. Experience-dependent changes in the visual system may function to “fine-tune” sensory processing and thus optimize the system's response to the dominant features of the environment. This experience-dependent process could help the young animal to focus its “attention” on those features of its environment that are critical to its survival.
Effect of electron radiation on glass used for space-based optical systems

Electron radiation presents a peril to the qualification and use of glass on space-based optical systems. Radiation testing of glass for use in harsh radiation environments commonly centers around x-ray, gamma-ray, neutron, and proton radiation. Because of their relatively low energy and density, the effect of electron radiation is often considered negligible. However, during qualification of the TOPEX laser retroreflector array glass, 250 krad (Si) doses of 1.25 MeV electrons were shown to cause significant damage in several glass samples. Electron radiation will generate centers of high potential within the glass and when large enough cause a dielectric breakdown, whereby forming Lichtenberg patterns. These patterns significantly reduce transmission and are good scattering centers. The effect of electron radiation on six types of glass at incremental dosages between 0.25 Mrad and 55 Mrad is presented. The results of electron radiation on a magnesium fluoride anti-reflection coating also are discussed.