cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sonology Demonstrates Flow Reversal Within Internal Jugular Vein Secondary to Occluded Innominate Vein and Stenotic Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

This case illustrates a rare finding of flow reversal within the internal jugular vein associated with innominate occlusion and ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula. The patient was an adult male who presented with extreme pain and swelling of the left upper extremity and an ipsilateral nonfunctioning hemodialysis shunt. Doppler waveforms demonstrated turbulence and retrograde flow of the internal jugular vein (IJV). Sonography demonstrated complete occlusion of the left innominate vein. Angiography confirmed the IJV flow reversal and the full extent of the innominate vein clot. Angiography also showed bilateral indwelling innominate stents, as well as visualized the retrograde flow from the IJV crossing left to right via the transfer sinus and descending caudally to the right IJV. As demonstrated in this case, ultrasound works well in tandem with special procedures.
Total long-term within-laboratory precision of cortisol, ferritin, thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone assays based on a College of American Pathologists fresh frozen serum study: do available methods meet medical needs for precision?

Abstract Context.—It is important that the total long-term precision of laboratory methods meet the medical needs of the patients being served. Objectives.—To determine the long-term within- and between-laboratory variation of cortisol, ferritin, thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone measurements using commonly available methods and to determine if these variations are within accepted medical needs. Design.—Two vials of pooled frozen serum were mailed 6 months apart to laboratories participating in 2 separate College of American Pathologists surveys. The data from those laboratories that analyzed an analyte in both surveys were used to determine for each method the total variance and the within- and between-laboratory components. Setting.—The study included the A mailing of the 2003 College of American Pathologists Ligand Survey and the C mailing of the Chemistry Survey. Main Outcome Measures.—For each analyte, total variance was partitioned into within- and between-laboratory compone...
The Agroecosystem: A Simplified Plant Community

The production of food for man and domestic animals and of fiber is the major concern of agriculture; the managed environment that makes agriculture possible is the agroecosystem. This paper focuses on four of the pillars on which the modern agroecosystem rests: quality of management, genetical diversification of crop cultivars, industrial technology supplementing uncertainties or inadequacies of biological activity, and interactions of plant roots and soil microflora. Some of these interactions provide a high level of crop stability against soil-borne diseases and nutrient deficiencies.
Geschlecht(erforschung) in der Interkulturellen Pädagogik

Die Relevanz der Kategorie Geschlecht ist in der Erziehungswissenschaft unbestritten und wird in jungerer Zeit fur die Teildisziplinen des Faches ausbuchstabiert, so auch fur die Interkulturelle Padagogik. Fur die Fachdidaktiken ergibt sich die Forderung, dass die Erkenntnisse sowohl aus der Interkulturellen Padagogik wie auch aus der Geschlechterforschung Berucksichtigung finden sollten (vgl. dazu die Einleitung des vorliegenden Bandes Kampshoff/Wiepcke 2012).
Reducing cancer risk in women through lifestyle-mediated changes in hormone levels.

The major hormone-associated cancers of women, viz. breast, endometrium, and ovary, account for some 40% of all female cancers in the U. S. Variable expression of estrogens and progestins account for major differences in the incidence of breast and endometrial cancer. Identified differences in premenopausal ovarian hormone expression and the known effects of post-menopausal weight on estrogen metabolism now permit an essentially complete hormonal explanation of the epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Recent confirmation of decreased ovarian steroid levels in certain Oriental women now permits a hormonal explanation of the four- to sixfold differences in breast cancer rates between Japanese and U.S. women, and a complete hormonal explanation of the epidemiology of breast cancer is almost at hand. A delay of 2 years in the age at menarche plus a low postmenopausal weight are predicted to lead to a more than 50% lifelong reduction in both breast cancer and endometrial cancer. A 2-year delay in menarche is predicted to lead to an 18% reduction in ovarian cancer. The lifestyle basis of variable premenopausal ovarian hormone expression is poorly understood and should be the focus of a major research effort. Profound effects on estrogen and progestin expression and on cancer rates are obtained from use of hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone replacement therapy; it appears possible to use this knowledge to construct a LHRHA-plus-estrogen contraceptive regimen that should produce a major lifelong reduction in current U.S. breast cancer rates (32% reduction from 5 years use; 55% from 10 years use). The proposed regimen should also cause a major lifelong reduction in ovarian cancer rates (40% reduction from 5 years use; 66% from 10 years use). Addition of a progestin-containing IUCD to such a regimen should also cause a major lifelong reduction in endometrial cancer rates (55% reduction from 5 years use; 82% reduction from 10 years use).
OBSERVING THE SEPARATION OF POWERS: THE PRESIDENT'S WAR POWER NECESSARILY REMAINS "THE POWER TO WAGE WAR SUCCESSFULLY"

Kmiec analyzes the scope of the President's war power with respect to military detention. He identifies challenges in applying traditional norms to the current war on terror, as detainees are not lawful combatants entitled to prisoner-of-war status under the Geneva Convention. Kmiec then evaluates Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Rasul v. Bush and Rumsfeld v. Padilla, U.S. Supreme Court decisions involving such detainees. Kmiec also discusses the debate in the lower courts over what rights, if any, accompany the extension of a statutory right of habeas corpus to noncitizen detainees outside U.S. sovereign territory. He concludes by positing the question whether the "war on terror" put the U.S. "at War." This question is critical because it is determinative of the extent of the President's power regarding military detention of those suspected to be involved in terrorism.
The impact of two Los Angeles County Teen Courts on youth recidivism: comparing two informal probation programs

This study sought to examine the impact of two Teen Courts operating in Los Angeles County, a juvenile justice system diversion program in which youths are judged by their peers and given restorative sentences to complete during a period of supervision. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare youths who participated in Teen Courts (n = 112) to youths who participated in another diversion program administered by the Probation Department (the 654 Contract program) (n = 194). Administrative data were abstracted from the probation records for all youths who participated in these programs between January 1, 2012 and June 20, 2014. Logistic and survival models were used to examine differences in recidivism, measured as whether the minor had any subsequent arrest or arrests for which the charge was filed. Comparison group participants had higher rates of recidivism than Teen Court participants, after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and risk level. While the magnitude of the program effects were fairly consistent across model specifications (odd ratios comparing Teen Court [referent] to school-based 654 Contract ranging from 1.95 to 3.07, hazard ratios ranging from 1.62 to 2.27), differences were not statistically significant in all scenarios. While this study provides modest support for the positive impact of Teen Court, additional research is needed in order to better understand how juvenile diversion programs can improve youth outcomes.
Preparation of human amnion tissue cultures.

Summary1) A simple, reliable, and reproducible method has been developed to grow monolayer cultures of human amnion. 2) Placentas from routine vaginal deliveries are used without modifying patient preparation or care. 3) Unminced, washed amnion is trypsinized at room temperature, and the resulting cell suspension is inoculated into bottles or tubes. The best results are obtained by first growing the cells in large bottles and transferring them to tubes. 4) Susceptibility of human amnion tissue cultures to a variety of viruses has been studied, and the results are reported.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ELIMINATION OF TRANSIENTS (PET): A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR RETRIEVING BIOELECTRICAL SIGNALS FROM NOISE.

Bioelectronic recording techniques have became a fundamental research tool in basic and applied neurophysiology and psychology.Although the refinement of electronic apparatus has enabled bioelectrical measurement and recording to be made with great precision, the presence of noise or random discharges from the biological preparation itself may severely mask the desired potential changes and preclude waveform analysis. One solution to the problem of signal detection in noise utilizes mechanical devices or digital computers which superimpose and average a large number of electrophysiological records. Since the expectation of a random event is zero, algebraic methods reduce irregular background noise by a factor proportional to the square root of the number of observations (1). However, the cost of such computers is generally high and this precludes many laboratories from conducting detailed analyses of small signal evoked potentials. The purpose of this report is to present a simple photooscilloscopic techn...
Adaptive RISE Feedback Control Strategies for Systems with Structured and Unstructured Uncertainties

This paper presents an overview of adaptive control strategies for systems with structured and unstructured uncertainties via the continuous Robust Integral of the Sign of the Error (RISE) feedback. The RISE control strategy has been shown to yield asymptotic results in the presence of modeling uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Combining the RISE feedback control structure with feedforward adaptive techniques has the potential to improve transient performance and reduce control effort while maintaining the asymptotic result.
College Fixed Assets Management Based on Internet of Things

Now,the management of fixed assets in colleges is a heavy drudgery and there exist such problems as account discrepancy for a long time.The paper first analyzes the demand for fixed assets management in colleges and the system structure and technology principle of internet of things.With the analysis,the paper proposes a management scheme of fixed assets in colleges.The scheme realizes the intelligent management of the fixed assets in colleges by making use of the techniques of internet of things,guarantees the timely updates of the geographical location and status information of the fixed assets,and effectively solves such long time problems as account discrepancy.
Fixed-complexity variants of the effective LLL algorithm with greedy convergence for MIMO detection

Effective Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (ELLL) algorithm is a common low-complexity lattice reduction (LR) technique adopted in LR-aided successive interference cancellation (SIC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors. However, the original ELLL algorithm is undesirable for hardware implementation since the number and the sequence of ELLL iterations are not deterministic. To address these issues, some fixed-complexity ELLL (fcELLL) algorithms have recently been proposed. In this paper, we propose two new fcELLL algorithms to further improve the efficiency of existing fcELLL algorithms by eliminating unnecessary iterations, such that the fcEL-LL algorithm exhibits faster convergence and lower computational complexity. Compared to the existing fcELLL algorithms, simulations show that the proposed fcELLL algorithms can save up to 39%–48% complexity for 8 × 8 MIMO systems without performance loss.
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Import Promotes Long-Term Survival of Antibody-Secreting Plasma Cells

Durable antibody production after vaccination or infection is mediated by long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). Pathways that specifically allow LLPCs to persist remain unknown. Through bioenergetic profiling, we found that human and mouse LLPCs could robustly engage pyruvate-dependent respiration, whereas their short-lived counterparts could not. LLPCs took up more glucose than did short-lived plasma cells (SLPCs) in vivo, and this glucose was essential for the generation of pyruvate. Glucose was primarily used to glycosylate antibodies, but glycolysis could be promoted by stimuli such as low ATP levels and the resultant pyruvate used for respiration by LLPCs. Deletion of Mpc2, which encodes an essential component of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, led to a progressive loss of LLPCs and of vaccine-specific antibodies in vivo. Thus, glucose uptake and mitochondrial pyruvate import prevent bioenergetic crises and allow LLPCs to persist. Immunizations that maximize these plasma cell metabolic properties might thus provide enduring antibody-mediated immunity.
Dealing with the Uncertainty About Climate Change

The article distinguishes between risk and uncertainty and describes why uncertainty poses particular challenges for the evaluation of climate change policies. The article briefly discusses the multiple sources of uncertainty in climate change analysis, both relating to climate science and economics. It then considers the work of several prominent economists who have addressed these issues, with an emphasis on the concern that the distributions of several key parameters related to climate change have fat tails. Lastly, the policy implications of uncertainty related to climate change are addressed.
Neurocognitive Profile of Absence Epilepsy Syndrome

Cognitive and language function was determined in 16 children (mean age, 9.2 years; range 6-16) with absence epilepsy compared to 16 controls at the University of Catania, Italy.
Criteria selection for 20×20×15 mm 3 pixelated CdZnTe semiconductor detectors

Large volume, pixelated Cadmium Zinc Telluride detectors have been developed over the past decade. In November of 2009, Redlen Technologies began manufacturing 130 20×20×15 mm3 CdZnTe detectors, each with a common grid between the 121 pixels, for the Polaris Project. Results for the first 65 detectors were studied to determine a set of criteria that could be used to help streamline the detector testing procedure for large volume CdZnTe detectors. By rejecting detectors with >5% uncorrected FWHM, >2 nA/V of total grid-to-anode leakage current, and excessive anode noise detectors with over 1.2% corrected single pixel FWHM at 662 keV were correctly identified 88% of the time. Those with under 1.2% corrected single pixel FWHM at 662 keV were correctly identified 80% of the time.
Gaga Media: From Internet to Radio

In the modern world, a variety of more and less technologically sophisticated media are responsible for establishing fame in interaction with an audience. In this chapter, the media relied upon to establish Lady Gaga’s fame are reviewed, including the various technologies through which her music is distributed, the singer’s early use of the internet, her gradual rise on radio and television, and her appearance in various news outlets, both in print and online. Against the widespread notion that Lady Gaga’s success was primarily driven by the internet, the argument is defended that her popularity and fame have benefited from the way in which a wide variety of media were successfully penetrated.
Military spouses speak up: A qualitative study of military and Veteran spouses’ perspectives

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine military family life through the lens of military and Veteran spouses. Twenty-two female, active-duty military and Veteran spouses provided exte...
Counting lattice points

The following problems challenge students to organize their work, recognize patterns, make generalizations, and apply a variety of algebraic concepts and formulas, all within the context of lattice points on a grid. This activity was inspired by the classic "painted cube" problem in which a painted cube is cut into smaller identical cubes and the problem is to determine the number of cubes with 0, 1, 2 and 3 faces painted. When students have completed the Counting Lattice Points activities, they should be encouraged to investigate the "painted cube" problem.
Physics-based control-oriented modeling of the current density profile evolution in NSTX-Upgrade

Abstract Active control of the toroidal current density profile is among those plasma control milestones that the National Spherical Torus eXperiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) program must achieve to realize its next-step operational goals. Motivated by the coupled, nonlinear, multivariable, distributed-parameter plasma dynamics, the first step towards control design is the development of a physics-based, control-oriented model for the current profile evolution in response to non-inductive current drives and heating systems. The evolution of the toroidal current density profile is closely related to the evolution of the poloidal magnetic flux profile, whose dynamics is modeled by a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) referred to as the magnetic-flux diffusion equation (MDE). The proposed control-oriented model predicts the spatial-temporal evolution of the current density profile by combining the nonlinear MDE with physics-based correlations obtained at NSTX-U for the electron density, electron temperature, and non-inductive current drives (neutral beams). The resulting first-principles-driven, control-oriented model is tailored for NSTX-U based on predictions by the time-dependent transport code TRANSP. Main objectives and possible challenges associated with the use of the developed model for the design of both feedforward and feedback controllers are also discussed.
Late Complications Following Heart Transplant

Late complications following heart transplantation (HT) have been a significant barrier to improvement in longevity of HT recipients. While improvement in surgical techniques has reduced perioperative morbidity and mortality and adoption of virtual donor-recipient cross-matching and new strategies for identifying and treating the hypersensitized recipients have reduced the incidence of hyperacute rejection, late complications of HT, including allograft rejection and vasculopathy, infection, and malignancy, have remained the major cause of morbidity and mortality among HT recipients (Fig. 31.1). Most late complications following HT are somehow linked to the lack of ideal immunosuppressive balance. Treatment remains rudimentary with little guidance from the literature regarding tailoring therapy except in the case of an adverse event. From this perspective, late complications following HT can be divided into three major categories: In this chapter, we will review common late complications after transplant and their management.
Trans-kingdom mimicry underlies ribosome customization by a poxvirus kinase

The poxvirus vaccinia virus phosphorylates serine/threonine residues in the human small ribosomal subunit RACK1, converting it to a plant-like state to favour translation of poxvirus mRNAs It has been proposed that ribosomes have the capacity to control mRNA-specific translation by changes in their subunit composition or post-translational modifications. Derek Walsh and colleagues reveal a new way that viruses usurp the cellular machinery to facilitate their replication. They show that poxviruses customize host ribosomes to boost translation of viral mRNAs. The vaccinia virus phosphorylates serine/threonine residues in the ribosomal subunit RACK1, creating a RACK1 loop with a negative charge. This results in the preferential translation of poxvirus mRNAs that carry adenosine repeats in the 5′ UTR, which act as translational enhancers. Ribosomes have the capacity to selectively control translation through changes in their composition that enable recognition of specific RNA elements1. However, beyond differential subunit expression during development2,3, evidence for regulated ribosome specification within individual cells has remained elusive1. Here we report that a poxvirus kinase phosphorylates serine/threonine residues in the human small ribosomal subunit protein, receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1), that are not phosphorylated in uninfected cells or cells infected by other viruses. These modified residues cluster in an extended loop in RACK1, phosphorylation of which selects for translation of viral or reporter mRNAs with 5′ untranslated regions that contain adenosine repeats, so-called polyA-leaders. Structural and phylogenetic analyses revealed that although RACK1 is highly conserved, this loop is variable and contains negatively charged amino acids in plants, in which these leaders act as translational enhancers. Phosphomimetics and inter-species chimaeras have shown that negative charge in the RACK1 loop dictates ribosome selectivity towards viral RNAs. By converting human RACK1 to a charged, plant-like state, poxviruses remodel host ribosomes so that adenosine repeats erroneously generated by slippage of the viral RNA polymerase4 confer a translational advantage. Our findings provide insight into ribosome customization through trans-kingdom mimicry and the mechanics of species-specific leader activity that underlie poxvirus polyA-leaders4.
Process Disturbance Diagnosis by Statistical Distance and Angle Measures

Abstract Distance based discrimination functions are frequently used in fault diagnosis. Complementary information is contained in angular relations between data clusters representing process operations under various disturbances. A novel diagnosis method based on angle discriminants is presented illustrated by diagnosing disturbances in the Tennessee Eastman problem. The method is successful in cases where distance based discrimination is not very acetirate.
Preparation of H-Ras GTPase conjugated to lipid nanodiscs for NMR spectroscopy

Ras GTPase is a peripheral membrane protein central to cellular signaling of growth and proliferation. Membrane attachment is critical for a range of Ras activities, therefore, ability to make faithful in-vitro samples of a membrane-bound Ras for detailed biophysical studies is a highly desirable goal. In this manuscript, we are describing preparation of a large-scale sample of isotopically labeled H-Ras conjugated to lipid nanodiscs. We demonstrate that the Ras-nanodisc sample is fairly stable to allow for a range of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and other biophysical measurements. The need to achieve a homogeneous protein-nanodisc ratio is also emphasized.
Community food work as critical practice: A faith-based perspective through narratives

Community food work is a framework for under­standing the interconnections and complexities of food systems issues such as farm sustainability, food access and health equity, environmental resiliency, and social justice. An emerging yet overlooked perspective of community food work is the role of faith-based organizations and practition­ers. In this single case study of six faith-based practitioners focused on urban food security in Virginia, we use narrative inquiry to explore how they understand and perform their community food work from a faith-based and social justice context. Our methods included interviewing each practitioner to create stories of their everyday work, researcher-participant analysis of those stories, and a collective reflection session of the group’s narratives. The final narratives not only point toward specific social justice values and practices aimed at addressing race and class ineq­uity in the food system as significant elements of their community food work, but also created new space for practitioner reflection and discovery of the way white privilege and class-based assump­tions can be uncovered and challenged in the work itself. In this way, the research describes what community food work looks like through a faith-based lens, while also showing how storytelling and narratives can be used as an approach to create possibility for critical reflection about power and privilege in our everyday practice. We conclude with suggestions for using storytelling and narrative inquiry in similar food system contexts as a strategy for community change.
Initial robotic assistance in the surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with level 4 cavoatrial thrombus.

We report a case of left-sided renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with level 4 cavoatrial tumor thrombus where robotic assistance was used to achieve hemostasis around the kidney in order to minimize coagulopathic hemorrhage from the nephrectomy bed during subsequent open completion nephrectomy and cavoatrial thrombectomy under extracorporeal circulation and hypothermic circulatory arrest. Robotic assistance allowed for meticulous dissection and ligation of parasitic and arterial vessels to the kidney, release of renal attachments, and exposure of the inferior vena cava. The kidney was mobilized while leaving the renal vein attached and tumor thrombus undisturbed using a “minimal touch” technique. Open completion nephrectomy and cavoatrial thrombectomy was then performed. An experienced cardiac anesthesia team performed intraoperative cardiac monitoring, including trans-esophageal echocardiography. A cardiothoracic surgeon was immediately available throughout the case. Cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated within 60 min of open incision with a total duration a circulatory arrest time of 25 min. There was no bleeding from the nephrectomy bed during bypass despite heparinization and hypothermia. A left RCC with level 4 thrombus may be approached with initial robotic assistance to achieve hemostasis of the nephrectomy bed for subsequent open completion nephrectomy and cavoatrial thrombectomy under extracorporeal circulation and hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Does Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Score Impact Survival Endpoints in Women with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics-Stage III Endometrial Cancer?

Objectives We sought to evaluate the impact of age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (AACCI) score on survival endpoints for women with advanced stage endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods and materials We identified 238 women with stage III EC. AACCI score was calculated and 3 groups were created accordingly; group 1 with a score of 0-2, group 2 with score 3-4, and group 3 with score ≥5. Significant predictors of recurrence-free (RFS), disease-specific (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results Median follow-up was 54 months and median age was 65 years. Stage IIIC was the most common stage (69%). The 3 groups were well-balanced except for less utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy in group 3 (p = 0.01). Five-year OS was significantly lower in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (23 vs. 65 and 51%, respectively). Similarly, 5-year RFS was 54, 41, and 33% and DSS was 65, 54, and 35% for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. On multivariate analyses, AACCI group 3, cervical stromal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and higher tumor grade were predictors for shorter OS. Cervical stromal involvement and higher grade were independent predictors for worse RFS and DSS. Additionally, positive cytology, lymphovascular space invasion, and stage IIIC2 were significantly detrimental for RFS. Conclusions Our study suggests that comorbidity burden is a strong predictor of worse OS in women with stage III EC. Women with higher AACCI are less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Comorbidity score can significantly impact survival endpoints for women with advanced EC.
The informationist in the scientific setting

Abstract This chapter covers the basics of the informationist role and provides a working definition based on the preexisting literature. It will also discuss traditional and new roles of the informationist and how it has evolved over time. Also, there is discussion of the informationist in the scientific setting along with brief synopses of subsequent chapters in the book.
Truncated Androgen Receptor Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer

The androgen receptor (AR) is fundamental for the growth and survival of normal and malignant prostate cells. Therefore, androgen deprivation therapy remains the first-line treatment for disseminated disease; however, relapse and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype for which no durable treatment currently exists, is inevitable. Restored AR activity is fundamental in the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Multiple mechanisms by which AR is reactivated under androgen-depleted conditions may be involved in the development of this lethal phenotype. Recent studies have identified alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated AR isoforms that lack the ligand-binding domain, which is the therapeutic target of androgen deprivation therapy. Many of these truncated AR variants function as constitutively active, ligand-independent transcription factors that can support androgen-independent expression of AR target genes, as well as ligand-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. In this chapter, we will summarize the recent developments in the identification and characterization of AR splice variants in prostate cancer.
Alleviating the latency and bandwidth problems in WWW browsing

This work addresses three problems that are associated with Web browsing: (a) low bandwidth available to the end user who is connected via slow modems or outdoor wireless networks, (b) long and variable latencies in document access, and (c) temporary disconnections of mobile users. Three techniques are used with a variety of heuristics in order to overcome these problems: (a) profiling user and group access patterns and using these profiles in order to pre-fetch documents, (b) filtering HTTP requests and responses in order to reduce data transmission over bottleneck links, and (c) hoarding documents based on user profiles in order to support limited web browsing even during disconnection. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a WWW proxy-based system that incorporates the above techniques. We describe our experiences with the proxy system, and present performance results that show an improvement in the experience of Web browsing using this system.
Parametric Study of Moss-Brookes (MB) and Moss-Brookes-Hall (MBH) Model Constants for Prediction of Soot Formation in a Turbulent Hydrocarbon Flames

In the present work, two equation soot models proposed by Moss-Brookes (MB) and Moss-Brookes-Hall (MBH), available in ANSYS FLUENT14.5, are used to study the soot formation in a turbulent kerosene-air flame. The model constants in the original works of MB and MBH model were primarily tuned for the methane-air or other lower hydrocarbon flames. In this work, the emphasis has been given on the applicability of these models in modeling the soot formation in heavy hydrocarbon fuels. The current work is primarily focused on the parametric study of the various modeling constants for calculating the soot inception and oxidation rates. A parametric study is performed to calculate the soot inception rates by considering different soot precursors like C2H2, C2H4, C6H6 and C6H5. Steady laminar flamelet approach with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism (Jet_SurF_2.0), is used for modeling gas phase combustion. The current numerical predictions are compared with experimental results of Young et al. [1] and earlier published numerical results of Wen et al. [2]. The study is further extended to understand the role of chemical reaction mechanism on soot predictions considering detailed versus reduced (JP10revC) chemical mechanisms.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The substrate selection and spawning behaviour of pikeperch Sander lucioperca L. broodstock under pond conditions

Spawning substrate is a critical factor in reproduction of commercially valuable percids. Substrate preferences of pikeperch Sander lucioperca were investigated using three types of artificial spawning substrates: long fibred brush, artificial turf and smooth plastic. There was a significantly higher preference for the brush nest, with thick rigid structures, than for artificial turf, while plastic nests remained unoccupied. The majority of pikeperch pairs (94.4%) spawned within 14 days of the beginning of the experiment. No difference was observed between substrates in time from stocking of fish to nest occupation and spawning. After egg laying, nests were moved to controlled conditions of a recirculation aquaculture system for incubation. Hatching rate and larva production did not differ significantly among tested substrates. Either used substrate was suitable for spawning and incubation in a recirculation aquaculture system. Obtained results can be used for semi‐artificial reproduction as well as for the support and control of wild pikeperch stocks in natural habitats.
Leveraging Big Data to Transform Drug Discovery

The surge of public disease and drug-related data availability has facilitated the application of computational methodologies to transform drug discovery. In the current chapter, we outline and detail the various resources and tools one can leverage in order to perform such analyses. We further describe in depth the in silico workflows of two recent studies that have identified possible novel indications of existing drugs. Lastly, we delve into the caveats and considerations of this process to enable other researchers to perform rigorous computational drug discovery experiments of their own.
Planned retreat in Global South megacities: disentangling policy, practice, and environmental justice

The retreat of urban populations as an adaptation strategy has the potential to protect people, businesses, and infrastructure from the severe impacts of climate change. However, it can also lead to the unjust dislocation of the urban poor whose contributions to climate change are negligible but whose exposure to climatic risk is high. These groups of people also have little say in the decision-making about whether to retreat, when and how, thus raising concerns about equity and justice. In this paper, I examine the policy and practice of managed retreat and its environmental justice dimensions in Manila (Philippines) and Lagos (Nigeria) from 2010 to 2018. Expert interviews, focus group discussions, and policy documents were collected and analyzed for both cities. Findings reveal a complex picture of contradictions. In Lagos, retreat was stated in climate change policy but in practice only the urban poor were forcibly removed from waterfront areas and in their place new urban development projects are being constructed. In Manila, retreat was not mentioned in policy but evidence indicates informal settlers and national government offices were the target of planned retreat. Unlike Lagos, the urban poor in Manila were offered a mortgaged pathway to homeownership outside the city. However, the lack of livelihood opportunities in relocation sites engendered a cycle of retreat and return. This study further discusses how climatic uncertainties, property values, government distrust, utopian imaginaries, and environmental injustices served as barriers to managed retreat in both cities. The paper concludes with a call for an environmentally and socially just approach to retreat. It argues that the rights of the urban poor to the city must be taken into consideration even under complex climatic and socio-ecological disruptions.
Gradient Acceptability in Mandarin Nonword Judgment

Syllable well-formedness judgment experiments reveal that speakers exhibit gradient judgment on novel words, and the gradience has been attributed to both grammatical factors and lexical statistics (e.g., Coetzee, 2008). This study investigates gradient phonotactics stemming from the violations of four types of grammatical constraints in Mandarin Chinese: 1) principled phonotactic constraints, 2) accidental phonotactic constraints, 3) allophonic restrictions, and 4) segmental-tonal cooccurrence restrictions. A syllable well-formedness judgment experiment was conducted with native Mandarin speakers to examine how the grammatical and lexical statistics factors contribute to the variation in phonotactic acceptability judgment.
Hydrogen tunes magnetic anisotropy by affecting local hybridization at the interface of a ferromagnet with nonmagnetic metals

Ionic control of magnetic properties, dubbed magneto-ionics, has gained much attention in recent years due to the sizable effects that can be induced by electrically controlled ion motion. Here we assess the mechanism by which hydrogen affects magnetic anisotropy in representative ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic metal layers. We take Co/Pd film as a model system that is widely used in spintronics. First-principles calculations demonstrate that the magnetic moment can be switched by ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ via hydrogen insertion at the Co/Pd interface. This control results from hydrogen-induced changes in magnetic anisotropy originating from modifications to the electronic structure. Accumulation of hydrogen at the Co/Pd interface affects the hybridization between neighboring Co and Pd layers, leading to a decrease of the perpendicular anisotropy component, and eventually changes the net magnetic anisotropy to in-plane. Hydrogen penetration into the interior Co layers has the opposite effect, promoting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. These changes are governed by competing contributions of the ${d}_{xy};$ ${d}_{{x}^{2}+{y}^{2}}$ and the $3{d}_{{z}^{2}};$ $3{d}_{zy}$ states, which are mainly responsible for the perpendicular and the in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy, respectively. By using this understanding, we predict that hydrogen accumulation at Fe/V interfacial layers causes the opposite spin reorientation effect, promoting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Is There a Macro-Announcement Premium?

The conditional volatility barely drops at macro-announcements. This is at odds with virtually all models that justify high macro-announcement returns through a high announcement premium. We propose an alternative explanation: macro-announcement days are, on average, with good news in existing sample periods. Our novel estimation approach reveals that high macro-announcement returns are not a manifestation of high conditional equity premiums but positive return innovations that are not averaged out in-sample. We find that macro-announcement days do not seem to operate with a separate mechanism. The patterns of macro-announcement days are not only well replicated by random samples from non-announcement days but also are fully rationalized by traditional equilibrium models that do not feature an announcement premium.
Abstract PO-019: The JAK/STAT3 pathway drives myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. PDAC is characterized by a dense stroma with a heterogeneous population of fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells. While the immune infiltration is abundant, it is mostly composed of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor associated macrophages and myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs). Hence, effective anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses are not elicited in PDAC. My preliminary data shows that the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway is active in the stroma, specifically in fibroblasts and myeloid cells. My main goal is to investigate the role of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in driving immunosuppression by myeloid cells. I hypothesize that targeting JAK/STAT3 pathway in myeloid cells will lead to reversion of the immunosuppressive phenotype aiding in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. To understand the role of JAK/STAT3 signaling in the polarization of myeloid cells and consequently in tumor growth, I used a genetically engineered mouse model (LysMCre;Stat3f/f) that depletes Stat3 specifically in myeloid cells. Using this mouse model, I implanted syngeneic tumor cells orthotopically in the pancreas. After two weeks, I weighed the tumor, and assessed the immune infiltration by Mass Cytometry (CyTOF). Deleting Stat3 from myeloid cells resulted in a significant decrease in tumor mass compared to controls. Analysis showed a decrease in macrophages and increase in memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, suggesting a decrease in the immunosuppressive capacity of the myeloid cells. Currently, I am investigating the mechanism by which JAK/STAT3 pathway disruption impairs tumor growth. Citation Format: Ashley Velez-Delgado, Kristee Brown, Marina Pasca di Magliano. The JAK/STAT3 pathway drives myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-019.
Regularity and finite element approximation for two-dimensional elliptic equations with line Dirac sources

Abstract We study the elliptic equation with a line Dirac delta function as the source term subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition in a two-dimensional domain. Such a line Dirac measure causes different types of solution singularities in the neighborhood of the line fracture. We establish new regularity results for the solution in a class of weighted Sobolev spaces and propose finite element algorithms that approximate the singular solution at the optimal convergence rate. Numerical tests are presented to justify the theoretical findings.
IN‐SEASON REHABILITATION PROGRAM USING BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION THERAPY FOR TWO DECATHLETES WITH PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY: A CASE REPORT

Background and purpose Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse injury experienced primarily by athletes; especially athletes who participate in sports that involve frequent jumping. Therapeutic exercise is the primary conservative treatment for patients with this condition. However, some patients with patellar tendinopathy may be unable to tolerate the loading that occurs during exercise. The use of blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy for patients with patellar tendinopathy may allow the athlete to exercise with a lower load while still experiencing the physiological benefits associated with training at a higher intensity. The purpose of this case report was to detail the outcomes from a rehabilitation program utilizing BFR for two collegiate decathletes with patellar tendinopathy. Study design Case ReportCase Descriptions and Interventions: Two NCAA Division III freshmen collegiate decathletes with a history of left knee pain prior to college and who had been complaining of increasing pain during the initial month of track practices. Findings from the musculoskeletal examinations included left sided lower extremity weakness, pain during functional testing, pain when palpating the left patellar tendon, and VISA-P scores less than 80. Ultrasound imaging at baseline revealed thickened tendons on the left with hypoechoic regions. Both athletes participated in 20 therapy sessions consisting of therapeutic exercises performed with BFR. Outcomes Both athletes experienced improvements in pain scores, increases in lower extremity strength, improved functional test performance, higher VISA-P scores, and improvements in tendon size and appearance as measured by diagnostic ultrasound. Conclusion Both athletes experienced improvements with the BFR-based therapeutic exercise program and were able to compete throughout the track season. The use of BFR may allow patients who are unable to tolerate exercise due to pain an alternative approach during rehabilitation. Future research should compare therapeutic exercise programs for this condition with and without BFR. Level of evidence Level V.
Learning Semi-Supervised Representation Enrichment Using Longitudinal Imaging-Genetic Data

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive memory disorder that causes irreversible cognitive decline. Recently, many statistical learning methods have been presented to predict cognitive declines by using longitudinal imaging data. However, missing records that broadly exist in the longitudinal neuroimaging data have posed a critical challenge for effectively using these data in machine learning models. To tackle this difficulty, in this paper we propose a novel approach to integrate longitudinal (dynamic) phenotypic data and static genetic data to learn a fixed-length biomarker representation using the enrichment learned from the temporal data in multiple imaging modalities. Armed with this enriched biomarker representation, as a fixed-length vector per participant, conventional machine learning models can be used to predict clinical outcomes associated with AD. We have applied our new method on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neruoimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort and achieved promising experimental results that validate its effectiveness.
Evaluation of Thirty-Minute Office Blood Pressure in a Diverse Urban Population

PURPOSE Previous studies have shown benefits of thirty-minute outpatient blood pressure (OBP-30) but did not report on race and gender. The purpose of this study was to determine if similar effects are seen in a diverse urban population. METHODS Patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease (age 18-89) were invited to participate. Patients were roomed, and blood pressure was measured using standard procedure (SOBP). Patients were left alone in an exam room connected to an automated office blood pressure monitor which obtained blood pressure readings every five minutes for thirty minutes. The last five measurements were averaged for the OBP-30 measurement. Primary outcomes were blood pressures measured using SOBP and OBP-30. Multivariate logit methods were used to estimate the average probability of having a blood pressure measured <140/90 mmHg (BPM<140/90) for the two measurement methods. Differences were computed across methods, in total and by sex and race, all other factors held constant. RESULTS The adjusted probability of having a BPM<140/90 was 47.1% using SOBP and 66.7% using OBP-30, a 19.6 percentage-point (PP) difference (p<0.01). Using SOBP, females had a 26.2 PP lower probability of having a BPM<140/90 (p<0.001) than males. Relative to white patients, Black patients had a 43.9 PP lower (p<0.001) and other races a 38.5 PP lower (p<0.001) probability of having a BPM<140/90 using SOBP. Using OBP-30, these differences narrowed and became statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS OBP-30 may increase the probability of blood pressure measurement meeting goals, especially in females and patients who are Black, indigenous, or persons of color.
Leveraging De Donder relations for a thermodynamically rigorous analysis of reaction kinetics in liquid media

Abstract This Mini-review considers the use of De Donder relations to facilitate a thermodynamically rigorous discussion of liquid-phase reaction kinetics through the analysis of elementary steps. In quantifying “solvent effects,” pure species reference states are convenient. Rate expressions developed with this convention capture all effects of thermodynamic non-ideality in solvent-specific activity coefficients or excess free energies, whereas commonly applied infinite dilution reference states lead to solvent- and composition-dependent standard-state rate and equilibrium constants. Two solvent effects are described: a “kinetic” effect, which comprises solvation of a transition state relative to reactants in an elementary step, and a “thermodynamic” effect, which comprises solvation of products relative to reactants in an elementary step. The former impacts the forward rate constant, and the latter impacts the reversibility. These effects are formally encoded in De Donder rate expressions; thus, they inherently account for solvation while maintaining thermodynamic consistency with respect to elementary rate and equilibrium constants. A series of case studies are presented. These demonstrate that solvent effects can lead to substantial deviations from anticipated behavior during routine analysis of liquid-phase reactions. Additionally, we find that surface reactions and degree of rate control in multi-reaction sequences can be impacted by bulk solvation, but such effects are difficult to predict a priori.