cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of intestinal barrier failure in critical illness.

The gut serves not only as a physiological portal for the entry of water and nutrients into the body, but also as a barrier limiting the systemic absorption of intraluminal microbes, microbial products, or both. Evidence exists to support the view that trauma, sepsis or other critical illnesses lead to derangements in the barrier function of the gut. One potential consequence of deranged barrier function is bloodstream invasion by gut-derived pathogens, leading to “primary” bacteraemias or fungaemias, or even metastatic infections. Another consequence of gut barrier dysfunction might be a several step process leading to a poorly controlled systemic inflammatory response and organ system failure. In the first step of this postulated pathophysiological process, microbes or toxins passively diffuse or are actively transported out of the lumen of the gut into submucosal tissues. In step two, these microbes or toxins activate immune cells in tissues or organs, which are “downstream” from the mucosa (e.g. Kuppfer cells in the liver; macrophages in the lamina propria of the gut, Peyer’s patches or mesenteric lymph nodes). In the third step, the activated immune cells release various inflammatory mediators (cytokines, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, platelet activating factor), which have been implicated as being important in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction. The hypothesis that the gut is an endogenous source of proinflammatory agents is attractive because it might explain why signs and symptoms of sepsis, such as fever, leucocytosis, hypermetabolism and organ system dysfunction, frequently are present in critically ill patients, even in the absence of a welldefined focus of infection [42, 91, 92].
Recent progress and pitfalls in testing novel agents in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Despite docetaxel’s approval as systemic therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its adoption as the standard of care for CRPC patients, median progression-free survival remains about 6 mo, and overall survival remains <2 yr. Multiple efforts have been directed at improving its efficacy, as extensively reviewed by Chi et al [1]. In current drug development for CRPC, docetaxel is either a comparator or a backbone on which to build. Another development strategy is to test new agents in the docetaxel pretreated or refractory patient, for which there are no standard options. Recent insights into novel pathways involved in PCa (prostate cancer) progression have allowed significant progress to be made in the understanding of the biology of CRPC. Advances in immunology, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and bone metastasis research have all significantly contributed to the field. This has led to the development of many novel agents that show promise in the management of patients with advanced PCa. Some of these agents appear to have significant activity as single agents; others appear to be best deployed in combination with chemotherapy. Combining cytotoxic chemotherapy with the newer targeted agents raises the appealing possibility of parallel or possibly complementary therapeutic effects. Unfortunately, none of the newer treatment modalities or the addition of one of these modalities to docetaxel has yet been shown to be more effective than standard docetaxel treatment. Some very promising new agents, such as the anti-BCL2 trial mentioned in the Chi et al review [1], have failed to achieve their goal. As molecularly targeted agents enter the clinical arena, well-designed clinical trials are imperative. The assessment
Assessment of TFT amplifiers for a-Si:H PIXEL particle detectors

The application of thin-film electronics technology to making a signal amplifier and readout circuit for amorphous silicon pixel particle detectors which can detect minimum ionizing particles has been investigated. Characteristics of currently available TFTs (thin film transistors) are reviewed, and preliminary designs of a-Si:H and poly-Si amplifiers for a 300- mu m*300- mu m pixel array are proposed. Based on the measurement of small signal parameters and the noise spectrum of individual a-Si:H and poly-Si TFTs, the overall gain, time-response and signal-to-noise ratio are calculated. >
What Monet Meant: Intention and Attention in Understanding Art

I am pursuing the impossible. I want to paint the made in connection with this research about air. how the response to art objects reveals fundaClaude Monet mental perceptual abilities. The reason is that art is designed to exploit, that is, to emphasize and encourage the use of, our perceptual abilINTRODUCTION ities, sometimes in tandem, sometimes working alone. Thus "various works of art reflect differIt has for many years been a working assumpent properties of our visual system," Margaret tion in psychology that we can learn a great deal Livingstone tells us, providing a kind of cruabout perception by studying the viewer's cible in which those properties might be response to works of visual art. A general distilled.' Semir Zeki cites Constable's claim perceptual theory should be able to explain the that "painting is a science and should be perceiver's response to various types of visual pursued as an inquiry into the laws of nature"; stimuli. Thus it should tell us how we are able and for Zeki, the relevant generalizations are the to recognize the poppies in Monet's paintings "laws of the brain."2 Artists are experimentaland understand perceptually a great deal of ists, he argues, in whose works diverse percepwhat Vermeer's A Lady at the Virginals with a tual functions are dissociated; thus artworks are Gentleman is about. However, beyond the comlike brain images in which various functions mitment to what has been called experimental have been localized. If the belief that science aesthetics, there is often a further assumption: can shed light on art is what underwrites experithat our responses to visual artworks can be mental aesthetics, then aesthetic experimentalespecially revealing of the fundamental principles ism is the belief that art can shed light on of perception or cognition, in terms of which matters of science. Indeed, on this view, art is a the responses are supposed to be explained. science; a science of the senses with which Paintings and drawings are not just one class of psychology and neurology might work hand-instimuli that must be accounted for. They are hand. particularly important cases that may tell us In what follows, I want to consider some more about our perceptual abilities than ordirecent work in which the assumptions of experinary objects usually can. mental aesthetics and aesthetic experimentalism This assumption has lately become apparent have been combined. I shall argue that, although in accounts of art in terms of the operations of the importance of art perception for cognitive the brain. There are studies of picture recogscience is, in these cases, not entirely clear, nition in cognitive neuroscience, where the some useful implications have begun to emerge. pictures in question are works of art, and in And while the philosophical significance of such studies, the explanandum is the aesthetic scientific discoveries has sometimes been exagresponse. Moreover, several claims have been gerated, this work shows that cognitive science
The effect of tilt on sediment trap efficiency

Abstract Cylindrical traps with an aspect ratio of 5.2 were tilted from 0° to 70° upstream and downstream in the Hudson River with currents ranging between 2 and 62 cm s −1 . Particle flux in the tilted traps increased with tilt up to about 45° where overcollection reached a maximum factor of three but decreased beyond 45° when traps were tilted downstream. There was no discernible velocity effect on the total flux collected with tilted traps. In a recirculating flume, dye used as a water tracer revealed the existence of boundary layers within traps. The exchange of particles across the boundaries appears to play an important role in controlling the collection rate of particles and the conditions during which traps over- and under-collect particles. The tilt effect on traps is important, not only where high velocities can cause a mooring to lean, but also where high-frequency internal waves might pass either moored or freefloating traps since the vertical velocity component of an internal wave can cause an effective tilt of the traps.
The Liturgical Body

I had feared that this might be a book to alienate all possible readers: too conservative in theology to suit social liberals, and too liberal in conclusions to suit social conservatives. I am therefore grateful for constructive engagement from both sides. Cahill is exactly right when she wonders if “perhaps Rogers’ aim is not so much to produce a systematic moral analysis, as to reshape the mental universe, to recolor the background screen, against which Christians consider the reality of Christian gay men and lesbians in committed relationships”. Indeed, I seek to recover a symbolic universe, a nuptial hermeneutics, to address the reality of all Christians in committed relationships, including same- and opposite-sex marriages, celibates in community, and the committed relationship of baptism. I am gratified when Wannenwetsch writes that “too often, ethical guidelines are directly aimed at so as to narrow down the rich doctrinal horizon to a window”, and that “Rogers’ exercise in ‘irregular dogmatics’ (a notion borrowed from Karl Barth) may be closer to the core of doctrinal theology”. Between the two reviewers I imagine that we have an ethicist and a theologian, a Catholic and a Protestant, a liberal and a conservative. Cahill wants more ethics and Wannenwetsch less moralism. It is an index of the re-thinking that I hope to provoke if both are impatient that I don’t go further. Indeed more will be needed, if an account of sexuality theologically to the right and socially to the left is to flourish. I hope that over time others more skilled in ethics and liturgics can help provide it. For this book is less about the ethical question what we are to do, than the theological question what God may be doing with us.
Dynamics and Energetics of Animal Swimming and Flying: Introduction

A few broad general questions have been central to the study of the dynamics and energetics of animal swimming and flying since the field began. A partial list includes: 1. What are the biomechanical bases for swimming and flying in the various groups of animals? 2. What are the kinematic and kinetic bases for swimming and flying? How do the shapes and movements of involved body parts generate thrust, drag, lift, dynamic stability, and maneuverability? 3. What are the energy costs of swimming and flying?
Impact of Smart Infusion Technology on Administration of Anticoagulants (Unfractionated Heparin, Argatroban, Lepirudin, and Bivalirudin)

This study reviewed 863 alerts generated from the infusion of anticoagulants in 355 patients from October 2003 to January 2005. Alerts were generated by smart infusion technology pumps and recorded in the devices' memory. The most common alerts were underdose alerts (59.8%), followed by overdose alerts (31.3%) and duplicate drug therapy alerts (8.9%). In response to the alerts, users' most frequent action was to cancel (46.5%) or reprogram (43.1%) the infusions. The highest percentage of alerts occurred from 2 to 4 p.m. During the study, there were 4 infusion rate errors, compared with 15 in the immediately preceding 16-month period. In conclusion, smart infusion technology intercepted keypad entry errors, thereby reducing the likelihood of intravenous anticoagulant overdose or underdose. Dose or infusion rate programming during intravenous anticoagulation is an important targets for medication safety interventions.
Novel vertebrate nucleoporins Nup133 and Nup160 play a role in mRNA export

RNA undergoing nuclear export first encounters the basket of the nuclear pore. Two basket proteins, Nup98 and Nup153, are essential for mRNA export, but their molecular partners within the pore are largely unknown. Because the mechanism of RNA export will be in question as long as significant vertebrate pore proteins remain undiscovered, we set out to find their partners. Fragments of Nup98 and Nup153 were used for pulldown experiments from Xenopus egg extracts, which contain abundant disassembled nuclear pores. Strikingly, Nup98 and Nup153 each bound the same four large proteins. Purification and sequence analysis revealed that two are the known vertebrate nucleoporins, Nup96 and Nup107, whereas two mapped to ORFs of unknown function. The genes encoding the novel proteins were cloned, and antibodies were produced. Immunofluorescence reveals them to be new nucleoporins, designated Nup160 and Nup133, which are accessible on the basket side of the pore. Nucleoporins Nup160, Nup133, Nup107, and Nup96 exist as a complex in Xenopus egg extracts and in assembled pores, now termed the Nup160 complex. Sec13 is prominent in Nup98 and Nup153 pulldowns, and we find it to be a member of the Nup160 complex. We have mapped the sites that are required for binding the Nup160 subcomplex, and have found that in Nup98, the binding site is used to tether Nup98 to the nucleus; in Nup153, the binding site targets Nup153 to the nuclear pore. With transfection and in vivo transport assays, we find that specific Nup160 and Nup133 fragments block poly[A]+ RNA export, but not protein import or export. These results demonstrate that two novel vertebrate nucleoporins, Nup160 and Nup133, not only interact with Nup98 and Nup153, but themselves play a role in mRNA export.
Terminating Wnt signals: A novel nuclear export mechanism targets activated β-catenin

Nuclear targeting of β-catenin is an obligatory step in Wnt signal transduction, but the factors that control import and export remain to be clarified. In this issue, Hendriksen et al. (p. 785) show that the RanBP3 export factor antagonizes β-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) transcription by targeting the signaling-competent form of β-catenin. We speculate that cells may use multiple export mechanisms to inhibit β-catenin signaling in different ways.
Oxidation/Corrosion of Polymer‐Derived SiAlCN Ceramics in Water Vapor

Fully dense polymer-derived SiAlCN ceramics were exposed to pure water vapor flowing at the rate of 4.4 cm/s at 1100°C. Weight changes as a function of annealing time were recorded to illustrate the oxidation/corrosion behavior of the materials. The paralinear kinetic model was used to determine the parabolic and linear rate constants from the experimental data. The results show that the polymer-derived SiAlCN ceramics have a much better water-vapor corrosion resistance than pure silicon-based ceramics.
Detecting Multiple Targets Simultaneously at k Sites

We present in this paper a ranking and selection formulation of the problem of detecting multiple targets simultaneously. This could be viewed as a generalization of the hypothesis testing problem for detecting a single target to a multiple decision problem for detecting multiple targets. We consider the case of all known covariance matrices as well as that of all unknown noise covariance matrices at the chosen sites. A selection procedure is proposed under each case for determining the true target sites. For each case, we derive the probability of a correct selection (P(CS)) and find the least favorable configuration where P(CS) is minimized. Tables and graphs are presented to illustrate the properties of our proposed procedures.
Relationships between inhibition constants and fractional inhibition in enzyme-catalyzed reactions with different numbers of reactants, different reaction mechanisms, and different types and mechanisms of inhibition

The relationship between the inhibition constant ( Ki ) and fractional inhibition (in particular I 50) in classical steady-state enzyme kinetics has been analyzed. The analysis covers enzyme reactions with different numbers of reactants, different reaction mechanisms, and different types and mechanisms of inhibition. The assumptions are made that the product concentrations are very low and that the products have much lower affinities for the enzyme than those of the substrates. The following generalized conclusions are drawn. (a) Fractional velocity ( fv ) and fractional inhibition ( fi ) in the presence of an inhibitor ( I ) can be expressed by fv = 1/[1 + ( I/Ki )( Ex/Et )] and fi = 1/[1 + ( Ki/I )( Et/Ex )], respectively, where Et is the total amount of enzyme and Ex is the amount of the enzyme species with which the inhibitor may combine. (b) In a multisubstrate reaction, if all the substrates with which the inhibitor does not compete are at saturating concentrations, the relationship between Ki and I 50 is the same as for a one-substrate reaction. (c) Inhibition of either the competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive type produces a generalized relationship, Ki/I50 = Ex/Et . This relationship indicates that Ki will never be greater than I 50, and that the ratio of Ki and I 50 provides a simple experimental method for determination of the availability of the enzyme species for inhibitor binding on the distribution of enzyme forms in an enzyme reaction. (d) In partial noncompetitive inhibition, Kii I50 > Ki , or Ki > I 50 > Kii , depending upon whether the crossover point in the Lineweaver-Burk plot is above or below the horizontal axis (where Kii and Ki[unknown] are the Ki values obtained from the intercept and slope, respectively); noncompetitive inhibition, Ki is always equal to I 5O. Examples are cited of one-substrate reactions indicating that competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive inhibition can be illustrated or detected by novel graphical methods different from those currently available. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Professor Paul Talalay for valuable suggestions and advice during the course of these studies. I would like to thank Miss Julia T. Hawkins for reading and checking the manuscript, and Dr. Daniel M. Byrd, III, for valuable comments on the manuscript.
MEASURING AN ERUPTIVE PROMINENCE AT LARGE DISTANCES FROM THE SUN. I. IONIZATION AND EARLY EVOLUTION

Measurements of Hα emission within an eruptive solar prominence are presented, using white light polarization properties as a proxy for the presence of Hα in the STEREO COR1 and COR2 coronagraphs. The transition from Hα emission to Thomson scattering radiance serves as an indicator of the ionization of the prominence, and I discuss the physical implications regarding the behavior of the neutrals and ions, and also for the measurement of coronal mass ejection properties using the Thomson scattering assumption. I find that the prominence has a high concentration of neutrals at around two solar radii that gradually exhibit ionization characteristics at it moves away from the Sun. The prominence reaches complete ionization, or at least a state where the Thomson-scattered brightness dominates, by the time it reaches around seven solar radii. This is consistent with predictions inferred from direct Hα measurements made from earlier studies in the 1980s and with the predicted ionization rate of neutral hydrogen near solar maximum. These results pave the way for an accompanying paper that reports on measurements of the prominence at large distances from the Sun using the assumptions verified here.
Phase transitions and magnetocaloric and transport properties in off-stoichiometric GdNi2Mnx

The structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric, transport, and magnetoresistance properties of the rare-earth intermetallic compounds GdNi2Mnx (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) have been studied. The compounds with x = 0.5 and 0.6 crystallize in the cubic MgCu2 type phase, whereas samples with x ≥ 0.8 form a mixed MgCu2 and rhombohedral PuNi3 phase. A second order magnetic phase transition from a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state was observed near the Curie temperature (TC). The GdNi2Mnx (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) compounds order in a ferrimagnetic structure in the ground state. The largest observed values of magnetic entropy changes (at TC for ΔH = 5T) were 3.9, 3.5, and 3.1 J/kg K for x = 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. The respective relative values of the cooling power were 395, 483, and 220 J/kg. These values are greater than some well-known prototype magnetocaloric materials such as Gd (400 J/kg) and Gd5Si2Ge2 (240 J/kg). Analysis of the resistivity data showed a T2 dependence at low temperatures, suggesting strong electron-phonon...
Altered Effective Connectivity during a Processing Speed Task in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.

Objectives: Processing speed impairment is the most prevalent cognitive deficit in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the neural mechanisms associated with processing speed remain under debate. The current investigation provides a dynamic representation of the functioning of the brain network involved in processing speed by examining effective connectivity pattern during a processing speed task in healthy adults and in MS individuals with and without processing speed impairment. Methods: Group assignment (processing speed impaired vs . intact) was based on participants’ performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities test (Parmenter, Testa, Schretlen, Weinstock-Guttman, & Benedict, 2010 ). First, brain regions involved in the processing speed task were determined in healthy participants. Time series from these functional regions of interest of each group of participants were then subjected to the effective connectivity analysis (Independent Multiple-Sample Greedy Equivalence Search and Linear, Non-Gaussian Orientation, Fixed Structure algorithms) that showed causal influences of one region on another during task performance. Results: The connectivity pattern of the processing speed impaired group was significantly different from the connectivity pattern of the processing speed intact group and of the healthy control group. Differences in the strength of common connections were also observed. Conclusions: Effective connectivity results reveal that MS individuals with processing speed impairment not only have connections that differ from healthy participants and MS individuals without processing speed impairment, but also have increased strengths of connections. ( JINS , 2016, 22 , 216–224)
Use of a Magnetic Tracer for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection involves lymphatic mapping and selective removal of clinically negative lymph nodes at highest risk for harboring metastases. Lymphatic mapping is most often performed using radioisotope with or without blue dye (standard tracers). Sienna+®, a superparamagnetic iron oxide that can be detected using the Sentimag® magnetometer, is an alternative mapping agent to identify SLNs that has been investigated in five clinical trials. This meta-analysis was performed to determine if Sienna+® is non-inferior for SLN detection when compared to standard tracers. Five clinical trials comparing Sienna+® to a standard technique were identified, and data from these studies were used to determine the agreement by Kappa statistic between Sienna+® and standard tracers in identifying SLNs and malignant SLNs. The trials included 1683 SLNs identified in 804 patients. Data from the studies were imbalanced, therefore additional agreement indices were utilized to compare techniques. The estimated difference between the techniques was analyzed and a margin of ≤5 % was used to determine non-inferiority. Agreement between the Sienna+® and standard tracers was strong for SLN detection by patient [prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) 0.94, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.98], moderate to substantial for SLN detection by node (PABAK 0.68, 95 % CI 0.54–0.82), and strong for the detection of malignant SLNs by patient (PABAK 0.89, 95 % CI 0.84–0.95). Sienna+® demonstrated non-inferiority compared with standard tracers. The Sienna+® mapping agent is non-inferior to the standard method for SLN detection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer.
Less is more Redux: Scheduled intermittent dosing to protect/prevent cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia

We propose a strategy of scheduled intermittent dosing in place of daily administration of antipsychotic medications for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Intermittent (extended) dosing has already been demonstrated to be at least equally effective as daily administration of antipsychotic medications. It is increasingly appreciated that remission of positive symptoms is not the same as recovery: a resumption of a productive and socially gratifying life. Our field has focused on positive symptoms to the exclusion of cognitive deterioration and emotional blunting. Dopamine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for the accumulation and processing of new information as well as the expression of emotions modulated via the nucleus accumbens. Data suggests that patients receiving less accumulated antipsychotic agents do better over the years in achieving meaningful recoveries. In addition to clinical improvement, there is the financial benefit in giving less medication, which is often costly, over several decades. Finally, there is the possibility, albeit not yet demonstrated, that less accumulated antipsychotic agents might reduce the occurrence of significant weight gain, the metabolic syndrome, with its accompanying medical complications which not only impacts the quality of life and life expectancy of those who suffer from it, but also increases the financial burden to society.
Et in Arcadia Ego: Gina Lagorio's L'RCADIA AMERICANA as the Reflection of a European Literary Self

In L'arcadia americana (1999) Gina Lagorio reproposes the myth of Arcadia, in particular the “Et in Arcadia Ego” theme as the metaphor that serves her description of American university campus life and of the United States at large.Traveling through a world that he feels is impermeable to real life — university campuses in the United States — the first-person narrator of L'arcadia americana relates to American Academia as the Ego of the Arcadian tomb, a reminder of death and of historical time. Assuming the position of the outsider inside the picture, the protagonist himself remains impermeable to the landscape that he describes, so that the America we see through his eyes amounts to a reflection of his often prejudicial constructs, partly made of the dreamy America belonging to his youth, and partly of reiterated stereotypes immediately recognizable by the novel's implied reader, the Italian audience.Although he crosses the Ocean for a photographic reportage of US campuses, the narrator clings to Europe ...
Physiological underpinnings in life-history trade-offs in man’s most popular selection experiment: the dog

Animal life-history traits fall within a limited ecological space, a continuum referred to as a "slow-fast" life-history axis. Differences of life-history traits are thought to result from trade-offs between behavioral and physiological aspects in each species as mediated by the biotic and abiotic environment, as well as genetic mechanisms. Domestic animals tend to show inverse relationships between body size and life span. Dogs are a good example of this, with smaller dogs having higher mass-specific metabolic rates and longer lifespans compared with larger dogs. Thus, dogs provide a unique system to examine physiological consequences of life-history trade-offs. I have collected data from the literature to explore implications of these trade-offs at several levels of physiological organization including whole-animal, organ systems, and cells. Small dogs tend to have longer lifespans, fewer pups per litter, faster and shorter developmental trajectories, and higher mass-specific metabolic rates, and in general, larger metabolically active organs compared with large dogs. From work on isolated primary fibroblast cells and telomeres of dogs, I show that selection for body size may influence the attributes of cells that shape proliferative cellular rates and rates of telomere shortening. The potential links between body size, and cellular oxidative stress in dogs as they age are discussed. Furthermore, small size in dogs has been linked to concentrations of reduced insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in plasma, a possible metabolic advantage that may provide higher resistance to oxidative stress, a parameter essential to increases in lifespan.
A Heuristic Algorithm for the Heath–Jarrow–Morton Model

Heath–Jarrow–Morton [1990, 1991, and 1992] presented a general, intuitively appealing, term structure model for pricing interest rate claims. However, in discrete time, the model results in a non-recombining tree for many general deterministic volatility structures, which can be relatively computationally expensive when the number of time steps is large. This article provides a technique that combines interpolation with sparse ad-hoc mesh generation for valuing interest rate claims in the Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework. When this approach is used, the number of nodes in the mesh is significantly reduced without sacrificing accuracy. This article shows that with proper choice of nodes, the method will converge.
Learning and Adaptation In Distributed Artificial Intelligence Systems

Abstract The objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) to describe the learning processes existing in DAI systems, (2) to present the architecture and a methodology for incorporating machine-learning capabilities in DAI systems, and (3) to illustrate the proposed learning method for DAI by an intelligent manufacturing example.
Abstract 2748: Targeting DNA repair deficient cancers with the cell-penetrating autoantibody 3E10

There is growing evidence that many solid tumors have defective DNA repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoints. This has spurred development of therapeutics to specifically target cancer cells with defective DNA repair, but few have been successful outright due to problems such as general toxicity. One novel anti-cancer agent of interest to us is 3E10, a unique cell-penetrating, anti-DNA autoantibody. This molecule is non-toxic to normal cells on its own but has deleterious effects on cells with DNA repair deficiencies. Specifically, 3E10 has been shown to be synthetically lethal in BRCA2-deficient human cancer cells, to be synergistic with radiation and other commonly used DNA damaging therapies, and to reduce the efficiency of Rad51 mediated strand exchange and thus homologous recombination (HR). The goal of this project is to better understand how 3E10 can be used as a new paradigm for cancer treatment. New evidence suggests that 3E10 inhibits Exo1 exonuclease activity. Additionally, preliminary data shows that 3E10 physically interacts with Rad51, ultimately inhibiting Rad51 nuclear localization and foci formation. Additionally, a point mutation in 3E10 that confers increased DNA binding mediates increased cell death in BRCA2-deficient human cancer cells. Furthermore, studies investigating the potential therapeutic effect of 3E10 in patient derived primary melanoma cell lines show that 3E10 is synthetically lethal with PTEN deficiency. This data suggests that 3E10 inhibits HR by binding to DNA at double strand breaks and occupying sites normally processed by core repair machinery, as well as by physically interacting with Rad51. Overall, 3E10 holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent for various cancers, including PTEN deficient melanomas. Reference: Hansen, J. et al. Targeting cancer with a lupus autoantibody. Science Translational Medicine 4, (2012) Citation Format: Audrey L. Turchick, Peter M. Glazer. Targeting DNA repair deficient cancers with the cell-penetrating autoantibody 3E10. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2748.
Underwater mobile co-prime sensor array for angle of arrival estimation based on space-domain sensor synthesis

This paper proposes a deployment for sparse array in motion and analyzes the estimation performance of the arrival angles. The background of the system model is in underwater environment and the sensors are considered as passive sonars. In order to minimize the number of physical sensors, an algorithm based on space-domain sensor synthesis (SDS) is proposed. Considering the phase shift in the signal, a gradient descent algorithm is applied before SDS algorithm. We also take advantage of the virtual sensors in the difference co-array. Our simulations show that the proposed SDS method can increase the accuracy of estimation compared with the uniform linear array. More importantly, it has a larger dynamic range than a longer static sparse array.
Programmable and reversible plasmon mode engineering

Plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced localized optical fields as well as narrow linewidths have driven advances in numerous applications. However, the active engineering of ultranarrow resonances across the visible regime-and within a single system-has not yet been demonstrated. This paper describes how aluminum nanoparticle arrays embedded in an elastomeric slab may exhibit high-quality resonances with linewidths as narrow as 3 nm at wavelengths not accessible by conventional plasmonic materials. We exploited stretching to improve and tune simultaneously the optical response of as-fabricated nanoparticle arrays by shifting the diffraction mode relative to single-particle dipolar or quadrupolar resonances. This dynamic modulation of particle-particle spacing enabled either dipolar or quadrupolar lattice modes to be selectively accessed and individually optimized. Programmable plasmon modes offer a robust way to achieve real-time tunable materials for plasmon-enhanced molecular sensing and plasmonic nanolasers and opens new possibilities for integrating with flexible electronics.
Parasympathetic reactivity and disruptive behavior problems in young children during interactions with their mothers and other adults: A preliminary investigation.

Parasympathetic nervous system influences on cardiac functions-commonly indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)-are central to self-regulation. RSA suppression during challenging emotional and cognitive tasks is often associated with better emotional and behavioral functioning in preschoolers. However, the links between RSA suppression and child behavior across various challenging interpersonal contexts remains unclear. The present study experimentally evaluated the relationship between child RSA reactivity to adult (mother vs. study staff) direction and disruptive behavior problems in children ages 3-8 with varying levels of disruptive behavior problems (N = 43). Reduced RSA suppression in the context of mothers' play-based direction was associated with more severe child behavior problems. In contrast, RSA suppression in the context of staff play-based direction was not associated with behavior problems. Findings suggest that the association between RSA suppression and child behavior problems may vary by social context (i.e., mother vs. other adult direction-givers). Findings are discussed in regard to RSA as an indicator of autonomic self-regulation that has relevance to child disruptive behavior problems.
Ontic Structural Realism

Ontic structural realism (OSR) is at its core the view that structure is ontologically fundamental. Informed from its inception by the revolutions of 20th century science, it is claimed to provide the perspective on ontology most befitting of modern physics. But what precisely its core claim that ‘structure is fundamental’ amounts to is difficult to articulate, as is what its purported naturalistic credentials should ultimately be taken to be. It is also difficult to sustain OSR’s core claim on the basis of our best current physics. What is clear, however, is that OSR has brought swathes of relevant material from the sciences to the table of contemporary metaphysics, and that metaphysicians ignore this rich seam of material to their own analytical loss. This article aims to identify different positions within OSR and the connections between them, and examine the warrant provided by our best current physics for the claim that structure is ontologically fundamental. It will be argued that kind properties continue to pose a challenge to OSR – something that has perhaps been obscured by the fact that ontological priority has primarily been conceived of in terms of ontological dependence and not a relation of ontological determination (or ‘grounding’). As such, it is argued, it seems difficult to maintain the fundamentality of structure on the basis of present physics. But another hope is to convey that OSR must incorporate both the fine details of contemporary physics and tools from a priori metaphysics in the course of its development, and as such that metaphysicians of all stripes have not only a stake in the standing of its claims but a role to play in the argument behind them.
A safe haven for the injured? Urban trauma care at the intersection of healthcare, law enforcement, and race

Abstract Patients with traumatic injuries often interact with police before and during hospitalization, particularly when their injuries are due to violence. People of color are at highest risk for violent injuries and have the poorest outcomes after injury. The purpose of this study was to describe how injured, Black patients perceived their interactions with police and what these perceptions reveal about police involvement within trauma care systems. We combined data from two qualitative studies to achieve this aim. The first was ethnographic fieldwork that followed Black trauma patients in the hospital through the physical and emotional aftermath of their injuries. The second was a qualitative, descriptive study of how patients experienced trauma resuscitation in the emergency department (ED). Both studies were conducted between 2012 and 2015 at the Trauma Center at Penn, an academic medical center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The present study includes data from 24 adult, Black participants undergoing treatment for injury. We reanalyzed all interview data related to law enforcement encounters from the scene of injury through inpatient hospitalization and coded data using a constant comparative technique from grounded theory. Participants described law enforcement encounters at the scene of injury and during transport to the hospital, in the ED, and over the course of inpatient care. Injured participants valued police officers' involvement when they perceived that officers provided safety at the scene, speed of transport to the hospital, or support and information after injury. Injured participants also found police questioning to be stressful and, at times, disrespectful or conflicting with clinical care. Communities, trauma centers, and professional societies have the opportunity to enact policies that standardize law enforcement access in trauma centers and balance patients’ health, privacy, and legal rights with public safety needs.
Two-Year College Mathematics Instructors' Conceptions of Variation

Despite the large number of empirical studies investigating students’ difficulties with statistics, there are limited studies exploring the level of understanding of statistics instructors. Even though the increase in student enrollment is substantial, very few instructors at 2-year colleges have degrees in statistics. The focus of this study was to investigate the extent of understanding of the conceptions of variation held by 2-year college mathematic instructors. A survey designed to explore their conception of variation was given to 52 instructors from 33 different California community colleges.
Detailed Kinetics in Combustion Simulation: Manifestation, Model Reduction, and Computational Diagnostics

In this chapter, the essential feature of realistic combustion chemistry is first introduced. Manifestations of nonlinear detailed chemistry in homogeneous combustion systems as well as convective–diffusive systems are demonstrated, with useful insights on turbulent combustion and guidance for the adoption of detailed chemistry in combustion modeling. Recent progress on premixed and non-premixed counterflow cool flamelets is systematically discussed, shedding light on the local behavior of detailed chemistry in turbulent reacting flows. In addition, an overview covering model reduction, stiffness removal, and other computational methods to facilitate chemistry integration is provided to show the feasibility to accommodate realistic chemistry in laminar and turbulent combustion modeling. Last but not the least, typical methods of computational diagnostics are reviewed to show the necessity and capability of probing and understanding combustion modeling results in general.
Cryopreservation Techniques and Freezing Solutions

Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) products remain viable and capable of engraftment in a transplant recipient when stored in the “liquid state” at either refrigerated or room temperatures for approximately 72 h following collection. Cryopreservation enables long-term storage of HPC products and is used extensively for autologous products collected prior to high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) that are intended for use after treatment to rescue hematopoiesis. Allogeneic products may also be cryopreserved if treatment is delayed due to the donor’s or recipient’s medical condition, the donor’s cells are collected prior to their anticipated use because of donor availability, or more donor cells are obtained than needed and remaining cells are stored for future use. Similarly, allogeneic cord blood products are cryopreserved, prospectively banked, and made available through donor registries. In order for cryopreservation to be an effective tool, when thawed and infused, HPC must be able to regain their ability to proliferate, engraft, and provide the same functional capability prior to cryopreservation. Pre-cryopreservation storage conditions and manipulation procedures, cryoprotectant formulation, freezing rate, long-term storage temperatures, length of time in storage, and thawing conditions all have the potential to affect the quality and engraftment of thawed HPC products.
Qualitative multidimensional calibration comparison

We present a technique for the visual comparison of any two vector network analyzer calibrations. This method visualizes the comparative action of the calibrations for multiple complex scattering parameters. This method is independent of the calibration model. This comparative visualization of the two calibrations facilitates quick assessment of different calibration and error models, guides the choice of verification standards for later comparison, creates an easy way to monitor instrument stability over time, and can help guide the development of new on wafer calibration schemes.
Adapting US service learning projects to other cultures: dementia and memory care in the Dominican Republic

Abstract Background Caring for older populations with dementia is a global challenge. The cultural context in which ageing occurs is an important factor that influences treatment and daily care strategies for those with dementia, including location (home or health-care facility) and choice of caretakers (family members or health-care personnel). We adapted a successful US memory care service learning project for university students in the USA to pilot test in the Dominican Republic. Methods 18 health majors from Texas AM in this way, families can learn the memory care activities and conduct them on their own. Funding None.
An Integrated Scenario Ensemble‐Based Framework for Hurricane Evacuation Modeling: Part 2—Hazard Modeling

Hurricane track and intensity can change rapidly in unexpected ways, thus making predictions of hurricanes and related hazards uncertain. This inherent uncertainty often translates into suboptimal decision-making outcomes, such as unnecessary evacuation. Representing this uncertainty is thus critical in evacuation planning and related activities. We describe a physics-based hazard modeling approach that (1) dynamically accounts for the physical interactions among hazard components and (2) captures hurricane evolution uncertainty using an ensemble method. This loosely coupled model system provides a framework for probabilistic water inundation and wind speed levels for a new, risk-based approach to evacuation modeling, described in a companion article in this issue. It combines the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model, the Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) hydrologic model, and the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) storm surge, tide, and wind-wave model to compute inundation levels and wind speeds for an ensemble of hurricane predictions. Perturbations to WRF's initial and boundary conditions and different model physics/parameterizations generate an ensemble of storm solutions, which are then used to drive the coupled hydrologic + hydrodynamic models. Hurricane Isabel (2003) is used as a case study to illustrate the ensemble-based approach. The inundation, river runoff, and wind hazard results are strongly dependent on the accuracy of the mesoscale meteorological simulations, which improves with decreasing lead time to hurricane landfall. The ensemble envelope brackets the observed behavior while providing "best-case" and "worst-case" scenarios for the subsequent risk-based evacuation model.
Estimating the Frequency, Severity, and Clustering of SPADE Symptoms in Chronic Painful Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Abstract Background: Patients undergoing treatment for cancer commonly experience symptoms such as sleep disturbance, pain, anxiety, depression, and low energy/fatigue (SPADE), subsequently altering physical function and complicating effective symptom management. However, little is known about the frequency, severity, and clustering of SPADE symptoms in individuals with chronic painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Aims/Design: The purpose of this cross-sectional, secondary analysis was to describe the frequency, severity, and clustering of SPADE symptoms and their association with physical function in individuals with chronic painful CIPN. Participants/Subjects: Sixty individuals with chronic painful CIPN were recruited from five academic and community oncology outpatient centers to participate in a randomized controlled pilot trial designed to test the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based pain management program. Methods: Participants completed the 0-10 Average CIPN Pain Numerical Rating Scale and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System measures for sleep-related impairment, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain interference via tablet before being randomly assigned to a study arm. The frequency, severity, and clustering of SPADE symptoms were calculated via descriptive statistics and Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis. Spearman rank correlation was performed to determine the association between number of SPADE symptoms and pain interference severity. Results and Conclusions: Participants (n = 59) experienced numerous SPADE symptoms. 66.1% of participants experienced at least two SPADE symptoms concurrently. The cluster analysis revealed high (n = 36) and low (n = 23) severity subgroups. There was a moderate correlation (r = 0.48) between the number of SPADE symptoms and pain interference severity. Determining the clustering of SPADE symptoms in individuals with chronic painful CIPN may lead to targeted multifaceted interventions to improve physical function.