cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probability as a psychological distance: Construal and preferences

We argue that probability, like space and time, instantiates psychological distance. Unlikely outcomes may seem more remote than likely outcomes and may therefore be construed at a relatively high level. Specifically, when the probability of an outcome is low, ends-related primary features should be more salient than means-related secondary features, but as the probability of the outcome increases, means-related features may become no less and even more salient than ends-related features. Thus, increases in probability should increase the weight of means-related features relative to the weight of ends-related features in decisions, thereby decreasing (or even reversing) the preference for a more desirable/less feasible outcome over a less desirable/more feasible outcome. We observed this pattern in two experiments. Analyses of judgments, monetary decisions, and self-reported reasons for decisions showed that the weight of means-related features was more sensitive to changes in probability than the weight of ends-related features in decisions.
Public-Private Partnerships in Highways in Transition Economies: Recent Experience and Future Prospects

In many countries the private sector has been involved in financing infrastructure through concessions under a public-private partnership (PPP) program. PPP projects, however, are somewhat underutilized in countries with transition economies, where financing gaps are significant and growing, and there seems to be enormous potential for more private-sector involvement in the financing and operation of highway assets in such countries. The reasons for the low rate of private financing of roads in transition economies include relatively low traffic volumes, lack of appropriate legal frameworks, economic and political instability, and the consequently high perception of risk. As traffic increases on key roads, new legislation is enacted, and institutions and economic growth become more sustainable: it is likely that this sector of transition economies will become more attractive to private investors. This paper reviews the legal framework required for attracting private capital for PPP projects, possible step...
Application of self-tuning Gaussian networks for control of civil structures equipped with magnetorheological dampers

This paper proposes an adaptive neural network composed of Gaussian radial functions for mapping the behavior of civil structures controlled with magnetorheological dampers. The online adaptation takes into account the limited force output of the semi-active dampers using a sliding mode controller, as their reaction forces are state dependent. The structural response and the actual forces from the dampers are used to adapt the Gaussian network by tuning the radial function widths, centers, and weights. In order to accelerate convergence of the Gaussian radial function network during extraordinary external excitations, the learning rates are also adaptive. The proposed controller is simulated using three types of earthquakes: near-field, mid-field, and far-field. Results show that the neural controller is effective for controlling a structure equipped with a magnetorheological damper, as it achieves a performance similar to the passiveon strategy while requiring as low as half the voltage input.
Oxidative α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Inhibition via Subtle Elevations in Monoamine Oxidase B Levels Results in Loss of Spare Respiratory Capacity IMPLICATIONS FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Age-related increases in brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and its ability to produce reactive oxygen species as a by-product of catalysis could contribute to neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease. This may be via increased oxidative stress and/or mitochondrial dysfunction either on its own or through its interaction with endogenous or exogenous neurotoxic species. We have created genetically engineered dopaminergic PC12 cell lines with subtly increased levels of MAO-B mimicking those observed during normal aging. In our cells, increased MAO-B activity was found to result in increased H2O2 production. This was found to correlate with a decrease in mitochondrial complex I activity which may involve both direct oxidative damage to the complex itself as well as oxidative effects on the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) which provides substrate for the complex. Both complex I and KGDH activities have been reported to be decreased in the Parkinsonian brain. These in vitro events are reversible by catalase addition. Importantly, MAO-B elevation was found to abolish the spare KGDH threshold capacity, which can normally be significantly inhibited before it affects maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. Our data suggest that H2O2 production via subtle elevations in MAO-B levels can result in oxidative effects on KGDH that can compromise the ability of dopaminergic neurons to cope with increased energetic stress.
Matched cohort analysis in traffic injury epidemiology: including adults when estimating exposure risks for children

Background Matched cohort analyses and their extension to conditional logistic and Poisson regression are powerful tools for assessing risk and protective factors in automobile crashes. However, these analyses rely on assumptions about latent (unobserved) ‘crash severity’ risk measures for subjects in the vehicle being common for all such subjects if confounding with crash severity is present. The assumptions may be questionable if adults are being matched to children. Methods Simulations were conducted to evaluate conditional Poisson regression in settings where different types of subjects may have different underlying baseline summary risk measures in a given crash—for example, adults and children. Situations were considered where baseline summary risk measures and protective factors are confounded with each other and where the adult and child baseline risk measures are either highly correlated or weakly correlated. Results When the risk or protective factor is confounded with crash severity, baseline summary risk measures due to crash severity must be perfectly correlated for all subjects in the crash for the factor to be consistently estimated. Relative bias estimates ranged from 5% to 50% depending on the degree of correlation of the risk measure and the number of matched subjects in a crash. Conclusions Matched cohort analysis and its regression extensions are useful tools in the injury epidemiology toolkit, but require assumptions about high correlation of baseline summary risk measures among adults and children to accurately account for confounding between risk or protective factors of interest by crash severity. Conservative coverage intervals can preserve correct nominal coverage as long as the adult–child risk factors are highly correlated.
Tourist purchase decision involvement and information preferences

This study examines the relationships between tourists’ purchase decision involvement and their information search behaviours. The behaviours include their information preferences as measured by pe...
SEX‐RELATED DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS

Mortality and morbidity statistics which reflect the major health disorders in the nation have changed dramatically in this century. Infectious diseases have been largely controlled, and this country's citizens are now burdened with the chronic and disabling disorders of an aging population that are increasingly linked to environmental and behavioral factors. This article documents gender and sex differences among the major life-threatening disorders and chronic health problems and suggests implications for psychology as a health science and profession.
Computation of the fraction of induced cells in enzyme induction systems.

A theor. model is developed for continuous multistage enzyme prodn. systems, which consist of a growth fermentor used for growing microorganisms rapidly without enzyme prodn. and a subsequent system of induction reactors in which enzyme induction and prodn. occurs. The model allows the computation of the fraction of induced cells residing in the induction reactors for organisms exhibiting a lag phase in enzyme induction. For this model a general anal. soln. was obtained for the cumulative internal residence time distribution of a series of n well-stirred vessels with a recycle. The theor. results are compared in a preliminary way with experimentally measured cellulase [9012-54-8] productivities of continuous multistage cellulose fermns. with Trichoderma viride QM 9414. [on SciFinder (R)]
Safety and efficacy of intracranial stenting for acute ischemic stroke beyond 8 h of symptom onset

Objective To report our experience with stent supported intracranial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke beyond 8 h of symptoms onset. Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapy is often limited to an 8 h window using mechanical means. However, recent reports have shown delayed recanalization beyond 8 h might be a viable option in a subset of patients. Methods A retrospective review was performed of our AIS database for patients who underwent stent supported intracranial recanalization beyond 8 h of symptom onset. Clinical and angiographic data were reviewed. Outcome was measured using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 30 and 90 days. Results 12 patients (11 men and one woman) underwent delayed stenting for AIS. Mean age was 49 years (range 37–73) and mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 17 (range 8–29, median 15). Mean time from stroke onset to intervention was 66.1 h (range 10–168 h, median 46 h). 10 patients presented with a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score of 0 and the remaining two had a TIMI of 1. Recanalized vessels included: left middle cerebral artery (n=6), basilar trunk (n=2), vertebrobasilar junction (n=3) and internal carotid artery (ICA)-T (n=1). Four patients had prior attempts of embolectomy/thrombolysis using mechanical and chemical means. Stents used included: six balloon mounted stents, five Wingspan and one Enterprise self-expanding intracranial stent. Recanalization, defined as a TIMI score of 2 or more, was achieved in 11 patients. Two patients (17%) had intracranial hemorrhage. Thirty day mRS of ≤3 was achieved in six patients (50%). Seven patients (58%) had a 90 day mRS of ≤2. Conclusion Stent supported intracranial recanalization is a safe and feasible approach in a selective group of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke beyond 8 h of symptom onset.
Urine proteomic analysis in cystinuric children with renal stones.

Summary Introduction The gene mutations responsible for cystinuria do not fully explain kidney stone activity, suggesting that specific proteins may serve as promoters of cystine precipitation, aggregation or epithelial adherence. In this study we assessed (1) the differences in the urinary proteins between children with cystinuria and kidney stones (CYS) and healthy controls (HC), with particular attention to the fibrosis-related proteins, and (2) the presence of diagnostic biomarkers for CYS. Material and methods We conducted a pilot study comparing individual urinary proteomes of 2 newly diagnosed children with CYS and 2 age- and gender-matched HC, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relative protein abundance was estimated using spectral counting. Proteins of interest in both CYS and HC were selected using the following criteria: i) ≥5 spectral counts; ii) ≥2-fold difference in spectral counts; and iii) ≤0.05 p-value for the Fisher’s Exact Test. Discussion This study demonstrates a different urinary polypeptide profile in two children with CYS compared to two HC. Of the 623 proteins identified by proteomic analysis, 180 exhibited at least a 2-fold increased relative abundance in CYS compared to HC. Of these, 39 were involved in response to stress, 26 in response to wounding, 21 in inflammatory response, 18 in immune response, and 4 in cellular response to oxidative stress. 133 proteins were found only in children with CYS, 33 of which met the selection criteria. Of these 33 unique proteins, six are known to be associated with fibrosis pathways (Table). Accession Number a Protein MW (kDa) No. of assigned peptides b No. of unique peptides b Sequence coverage (%) ACTG Actin 42 202/117 52/37 70/51 VIME Vimentin 54 10/9 8/5 21/14 HSP70 Heat shock 70 kDa protein 70 24/18 7/5 14/15 ITIH2 Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor 106 33/81 12/11 27/16 MMP9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 78 26/15 9/7 18/12 PON1 Serum paraoxonase 40 23/74 9/14 48/55 a Human. b Values presented in each patient (Patient 1/Patient 2). The major limitation of this study is the small number of samples that were analyzed. Validation using highly specific methods such as ELISA is needed. Conclusion We provide proteomic evidence of oxidative injury, inflammation, wound healing and fibrosis in two children with CYS. We speculate that oxidative stress and inflammation may cause remodeling via actin and vimentin pathways, leading to fibrosis. Additionally, we identified ITIH and MMP-9 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in CYS. These proteins merit further investigation.
Adaptive trust-based anonymous network

A novel Adaptive Trust-based Anonymous Network (ATAN) is proposed. The distributed and decentralised network management in ATAN does not require a central authority so that ATAN alleviates the problem of a single point of failure. In some existing anonymous networks, packets are routed onto intermediate nodes anonymously without knowing whether these nodes are trustworthy. On the other hand, an intermediate node should ensure that packets which it forwards are not malicious and it will not be allegedly accused of involving in the attack. To meet these objectives, the intermediate node only forwards packets received from the 'trusted' predecessor, which can be either the source or another intermediate node. In ATAN, our trust and reputation model aims to enhance anonymity by establishing a trust and reputation relationship between the source and the forwarding members. The trust and reputation relationship of any two nodes is adaptive to new information learned by these two nodes or recommended from other trust nodes. Therefore, packets are anonymously routed from the 'trusted' source to the destination through 'trusted' intermediate nodes, thereby improving anonymity of communications.
Substrate-Mediated Intermolecular Hybridization in Binary Phthalocyanine Superstructures

Using a combination of calculations from first principles and scanning tunneling microscopy, we have investigated the interplay between substrate-mediated and intermolecular interactions in the formation of high-density checkerboard binary superstructures from the codeposition of phenyl and perfluorophenyl Zn-phthalocyanines (ZnPc―F 16 ZnPc) on the Ag(111) surface. The analysis of the electronic structure of the interface shows the essential role played by the substrate in the formation of the molecular layer and opens the way toward the development of tailored surfaces for advanced supramolecular design.
Vehicle detection video through image processing: the Autoscope system

Recent worldwide developments concerning the use of vehicle detection for wireless large-scale data collection and implementation of advanced traffic control and management schemes such as vehicle guidance/navigation are briefly discussed, and the system developed in the US, Autoscope, is described. Early work on Autoscope, leading to its present advantages over other emerging devices, and recent progress, such as preproduction line prototype development, field testing, and plans for extensive field validation and verification, are examined. The aforementioned plans include two large demonstration projects recently initiated in Minneapolis. In the first project, Autoscope will be used for incident detection over a section of Interstate 394. The second project involves implementation of the machine vision system at a signalized intersection. >
La estratigrafía del olvido: la Gran Mezquita de Córdoba y su legado refutado

Al igual que todo gran monumento que se destaca de manera prominente en la historia de la arquitectura, la Gran Mezquita de Cordoba tiene un “relato” arquitectonico tradicional que la explica. Esta historia llama poco la atencion en Estados Unidos, donde el pasado medieval es de poco interes porque la historia nacional no depende de ello. Pero en Europa, donde el catalogo de la reciente exhibicion de arte islamico concluye preguntando “?Que representa hoy al-Andalus para nosotros?” (Cheddadi, 2000: 207), la historia medieval tiene un papel fundamental en las politicas modernas del patrimonio. Especialmente en Espana, el acto de interpretacion del pasado medieval iberico, con sus hilos entrelazados de culturas cristiana, musulmana y judia, es un acto profundamente politico.
Physiology and pathophysiology of apoptosis in epithelial cells of the liver, pancreas, and intestine

Cell death of gastrointestinal epithelial cells occurs by a process referred to as apoptosis. In this review, we succinctly define apoptosis and summarize the role of apoptosis in the physiology and pathophysiology of epithelial cells in the liver, pancreas, and small and large intestine. The physiological mediators regulating apoptosis in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, when known, are discussed. Selected pathophysiological consequences of excessive apoptosis and inhibition of apoptosis are used to illustrate the significance of apoptosis in disease processes. These examples demonstrate that excessive apoptosis may result in epithelial cell atrophy, injury, and dysfunction, whereas inhibition of apoptosis results in hyperplasia and promotes malignant transformation. The specific cellular mechanisms responsible for dysregulation of epithelial cell apoptosis during pathophysiological disturbances are emphasized. Potential future areas of physiological research regarding apoptosis in gastrointestinal epithelia are highlighted when appropriate.
Modulation of baroreflex sensitivity and spectral power of blood pressure by heat stress and aging

To investigate the effects of hyperthermia and aging on baroreceptor-heart rate reflex sensitivity (BRS), cardiovascular parameters were recorded during a progressive rise in core temperature in conscious mature and senescent Fischer 344 rats. BRS was calculated from spontaneous changes in blood pressure and interbeat interval. Low- (LF, 0.01-0.20 Hz) and mid- (MF, 0.2-0.5 Hz) frequency blood pressure power were also determined. In both age groups, hyperthermia caused an increase in blood pressure, renal resistance, and LF but no changes in renal nerve activity, whereas a tachycardia was only observed in the older rats. Increases in BRS (0.80 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.72 +/- 0.34 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05) and MF (3.10 +/- 0.55 vs. 7.81 +/- 1.89 mmHg2, P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between BRS and MF (r = 0.50, P < 0.01) were observed with heating in mature but not senescent rats. These results indicate that LF, which increased with elevated core temperature, may be modulated by thermal stimuli. The augmented BRS in the mature group may contribute to the hemodynamic adjustments that occur with hyperthermia, whereas the lack of an increase in BRS during heat stress in the senescent group suggests that baroreceptor reflex modulation is impaired with aging. The positive correlation between BRS and MF in mature rats, together with the lack of an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity, indicates that MF may reflect the modulating influence of the efferent sympathetic portion of the baroreceptor reflex loop on arterial blood pressure rather than merely the activity of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.
Contactless pre-bond TSV fault diagnosis using duty-cycle detectors and ring oscillators

Defects in TSVs due to fabrication steps decrease the yield and reliability of 3D stacked ICs, hence these defects need to be screened early in the manufacturing flow. We propose a non-invasive method for pre-bond TSV test and diagnosis that does not require TSV probing. We use open TSVs as capacitive loads of their driving gates and measure the propagation delay by means of ring oscillators. Defects in TSVs cause variations in their RC parameters and therefore lead to variations in the propagation delay. By measuring these variations, we can detect resistive open and leakage faults. In addition, we use duty-cycle detectors to measure the duty cycle of the oscillation signal. These measurements provide additional information for fault analysis and hence increase the diagnosis accuracy. We exploit different voltage levels to increase the sensitivity of the test and its robustness against random process variations. We also present a method to create a regression model based on artificial neural networks to predict the fault size. As input, this model uses both the oscillation period and the duty cycle measured at multiple different voltage levels. The model classifies the type of the fault and predicts its size. Moreover, the regression model can effectively determine whether a TSV has both leakage and resistive-open defects. Results on fault-diagnosis effectiveness are presented through HSPICE simulations using realistic models for a 45nm CMOS technology. The estimated DfT area cost of our method is negligible for dies of realistic size.
Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity among older breast cancer patients.

135 Background: The use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting is associated with reduction in mortality and recurrence. Trastuzumab is extremely well tolerated, but its use is associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). The incidence of this complication in the general population remains largely unknown, especially in older patients. In this study we evaluated the rates and risk factors associated with trastuzumab-related CHF in a large cohort of older breast cancer patients. Methods: Breast cancer patients > 66 years with full Medicare coverage, diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 2005-2007, and treated with chemotherapy were identified in the SEER-Medicare database. Chemotherapy and trastuzumab use, comorbidities and CHF were identified using ICD-9 and HCPCS codes. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazard model using trastuzumab as a time-dependent variable and logistic regression. Results: From 3,983 patients included, 847 (21.7%) received trastuzumab. Medi...
Breaking the Law by Giving Birth: The War on Drugs, the War on Reproductive Rights, and the War on Women

This article argues that it is unconstitutional to prosecute women who carry a pregnancy to term despite a drug problem for child abuse, homicide, and other related crimes. The paper argues that such prosecutions are a form of sex discrimination and therefore violate the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the paper demonstrates that these prosecutions are bad public policy and bad for public health. Several hundred women have been prosecuted throughout the country for child abuse, reckless endangerment, manslaughter, homicide, and even drug delivery because they exercised their right to procreate while simultaneously battling a chronic health condition - drug addiction. Though the high court of only one state - South Carolina - has upheld such prosecutions, even changing the definition of a person for the purposes of criminal child abuse to include a fetus, prosecutors around the country have continued to arrest and jail pregnant women and new mothers. The purported goal of such prosecutions is to protect fetal or child health. But as the paper demonstrates, prosecuting drug-addicted pregnant women and mothers undermines this goal, thus undercutting any proffered legitimate state objective for curtailing women's fundamental right to bear and beget a child. Additionally, prosecutions of this kind perpetuate discriminatory stereotypes about women and mothers and amount to unconstitutional sex discrimination in two ways: By discriminating on the basis of pregnancy and by restricting a fundamental right. This paper argues that even given the limitations of the Supreme Court's pregnancy discrimination jurisprudence in cases like Geduldig v. Aiello, prosecutions of drug-addicted pregnant women and mothers are unconstitutional. This article is intended to push the limitations of current constitutional jurisprudence and to expand the ways in which we as a society imagine pregnancy, motherhood, criminal justice, and reproductive autonomy.
A satellite-derived glacier inventory for North Asia

This study outlines a consistent methodology for identifying glacier surfaces from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 imagery that is applied to map all mainland North Asian glaciers, providing the first methodologically consistent and complete glacier inventory for the region ~2010. We identify 5065 glaciers covering a planimetric area of 2326 ± 186 km2, most of which is located in the Altai mountain subregion. The total glacier count is 15% higher, but the total glacier area is 32 ±11.6% lower, than the estimated glacier coverage provided in version 4.0 of the Randolph Glacier Inventory. We investigate the distribution of glacier size within North Asia and find that the majority of glaciers (82%) are smaller than 0.5 km2 but only account for a third of the total glacier area, with the largest 1 % (60 glaciers ≥ 5 km2 ) accounting for 28% of the total area. We present hypsometric characterizations of North Asian glaciers, largely substantiating existing findings that glaciers in this region are dominated by cold, relatively dry conditions. We provide a detailed assessment of errors and determine the uncertainty in our area estimate to be ±8.0%, with snow-cover uncertainty the largest contributing factor. Based on this assessment, the new glacier inventory presented here is more complete and of higher quality than other currently available data sources.
Mechanisms of oriented attachment of TiO2 nanocrystals in vacuum and humid environments: reactive molecular dynamics.

Oriented attachment (OA) of nanocrystals is now widely recognized as a key process in the solution-phase growth of hierarchical nanostructures. However, the microscopic origins of OA remain unclear. We perform molecular dynamics simulations using a recently developed ReaxFF reactive force field to study the aggregation of various titanium dioxide (anatase) nanocrystals in vacuum and humid environments. In vacuum, the nanocrystals merge along their direction of approach, resulting in a polycrystalline material. By contrast, in the presence of water vapor the nanocrystals reorient themselves and aggregate via the OA mechanism to form a single or twinned crystal. They accomplish this by creating a dynamic network of hydrogen bonds between surface hydroxyls and surface oxygens of aggregating nanocrystals. We determine that OA is dominant on surfaces that have the greatest propensity to dissociate water. Our results are consistent with experiment, are likely to be general for aqueous oxide systems, and demonst...
The Identity of Three Shoot-Boring Sawfly Larvae of Roses (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

The larvae of 3 species of shoot-boring sawflies belonging to 2 genera, Ardis and Cladardis , of the subfamily Blennocampinae are frequently intercepted in roses by Plant Quarantine Inspectors at ports of entry in the United States. These larvae are recognized by their boring habit, host plant, thoracic legs, reduced prolegs, 4-annulate abdominal segments, large, flat, light or dark suranal plates, and a pair of subanal appendages. The 3 species involved may be recognized by the characters of the apical abdominal segments.
Bacteremia and postmortem microbiology in burned children

During a three-year period, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the organisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures of burned children. Microorganisms were considered to contribute to the cause of death in 17 of 20 patients who died from various complications of thermal injuries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was involved in eight deaths, whereas other Gram-negative bacilli or fungi, or both, were involved in the deaths of the remaining nine patients. The microbiologic examination of cardiac blood and pulmonary tissue correlated reasonably well with clinical and anatomic judgments of cause of death, as well as with the defining of some cases of "terminal sepsis".
New Optical Molecular and Bioimaging Methods

This talk will present new optical bioimaging methods with high resolution and specificity, such as superresolution, heterodyned coherence tomography, parametrically amplified NIR, confocal, multiphoton, lifetime, spectral, multimodality imaging and endoscopy for minimally invasive image-guided surgery.
[3H]PtdIns hydrolysis in postmortem human brain membranes is mediated by the G-proteins Gq/11 and phospholipase C-beta.

Abstract A method utilizing exogenously added [3H]PtdIns incubated with membranes prepared from postmoretem human brain has been shown to provide a means of measuring agonist-induced, guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTP[S])-dependent hydrolysis of [3H]PtdIns, thus allowing investigations of the activity of the phosphoinositide second-messenger system in accessible human brain tissue. Agonists inducing [3H]PtdIns hydrolysis include carbachol, trans-1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate (ACPD; a glutamatergic metabotropic receptor agonist), serotonin and ATP, with the latter two agonists producing the largest responses. In addition to ATP, [3H]PtdIns hydrolysis was induced by ADP and by 2-methylthio-ATP, indicating that P2-purinergic receptors mediate this process. Subtype-selective antibodies we used to identify Gq/11 and phospholipase C-beta as the G-protein and phospholipase C subtypes that mediated GTP[S]-induced and agonist-induced [3H]PtdIns hydrolysis. These results demonstrate that this method reveals that agonist-induced, GTP[S]-dependent [3H]PtdIns hydrolysis is retained in postmortem human brain membranes with properties similar to rat brain. This method should allow studies of the modulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human brain and investigations of potential alterations in postmortem brain from subjects with neurological and psychiatric diseases.
The influence of religious preferences on choice of church congregation and church attendance

Rational Choice Theory has transformed the sociological study of religion. However, studies framed by Rational Choice Theory generally assume stable religious demand at the societal level, meaning ...
Finite Element Analysis of Sealing Pressure of Natural Gas Ball-valve Based on Pro/E and ANSYS

In this paper,we establish the sealing assembly model of a natural gas ball-valve by Pro/E,whose nominal diameter is 150 mm and nominal pressure is 2.5 MPa.Based on axisymmetric principle,we import one quarter of the model to ANSYS software.Simulating valve seat with bilinear kinematic hardening material model and valve core with rigid-body material model,using area-area contact finite element analysis,based on the average sealing pressure which comes from theoretic formula,we calculate the actual distribution of the sealing pressure.
Meeting Student Needs for Multivariate Data Analysis: A Case Study in Teaching an Undergraduate Multivariate Data Analysis Course

ABSTRACTModern students encounter large, messy datasets long before setting foot in our classrooms. Many of these students need to develop skills in exploratory data analysis and multivariate analysis techniques for their jobs after college, but such topics are not covered in traditional introductory statistics courses. This case study describes my experience in designing and teaching an undergraduate course on multivariate data analysis with minimal prerequisites, using real data, active learning, and other interactive activities to help students tackle the material. Multivariate topics covered include clustering and classification (among others) for exploratory data analysis and an introduction to algorithmic modeling. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Nanotechnology Education in Community Colleges

Nanotechnology—understanding, measuring and creating at the molecular and atomic level—is not only appropriate to upper level students and research institutions but is also gaining popularity in technical and community colleges as well high schools. From a demand standpoint, multiple studies have shown a forecasted need for millions of nano knowledgeable employees—not only at a PhD level but with hundreds of thousands employees needed at the technician level (M. Roco, J. Nanopart. Res. 13, 427 (2011). Many community colleges are stepping up to the challenge of filling this need.
Electric and Magnetic Fields Near a Long Horizontal Line Source Above the Ground

The electric and magnetic field components near an elevated horizontal line source are derived and compared with the components calculated from image theory. When the measurement distance is much less than an earth skin depth, the results obtained by image theory are in good agreement with the author's derivations.
Sensitivity of Subsurface Ocean Temperature Variability to Specification of Surface Observations in the Context of ENSO

AbstractTo estimate the state of the ocean in the context of monitoring and prediction, ocean analysis products combine observed information from various sources that include both in situ ocean measurements and estimates of atmospheric forcings derived either from numerical models or from objective analysis methods. In the context of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the equatorial tropical Pacific, this study discusses two questions: 1) the role of surface forcings in resolving the observed variability of subsurface ocean temperatures, and 2) which component of surface forcings plays a more important role.The analysis approach is based on ocean model simulations where specification of surface forcings is controlled and the resulting ocean state is either compared among various simulations or is compared with an independent ocean analysis (where information from in situ ocean temperature measurements is included). The results highlight the importance of the contribution of observed sea su...
Living Labor: Marxism and Performance Studies

Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks. ­– Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. 1 1To live and to labor are the twinned impe...
The Major Factors Influencing Productivity of Coffee : A Study of Kodagu District in Karnataka

The research work was conducted to determine the emerging factors impacting productivity of coffee in Kodagu district, Karnataka. To achieve this, a survey was conducted in Kodagu from March to July 2016, covering 120 coffee growers from six coffee liaison zones. The regression coefficients of mean annual rainfall (inches), rainfall during critical period (inches), age of coffee trees (years), and area under coffee (ha) were found to be significantly positive, while the elevation (meters), white stem borer (number of plants uprooted per ha), and number of shade trees per hectare were found to be significantly negative. The study suggests Arabica cultivation at a higher elevation, rejuvenation of old coffee trees, conservation of more shade trees, and alternative irrigation during critical period could enhance productivity in the long run, while the development of pest resistance varieties, combined and coordinated research could effectively control white stem borer in Indian Arabica.
Determinants of occupational injury for US home health aides reporting one or more work-related injuries.

Objectives Home health aides (HHAs) work in a high-risk industry and experience high rates of work-related injury that have been significantly associated with reduction in workers and organisational productivity, quality and performance. The main objective of the study was to examine how worker environment and ergonomic factors affect HHA risk for reporting occupational injuries. Method We used cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2007 National Home Health and Hospice Aide Survey (NHHAS). The study sample consisted of a nationally represented sample of home health aides (n=3.377) with a 76.6% response rate. We used two scales 1 : a Work Environment Scale and 2 an Ergonomic Scale. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to describe HHA work-related injury across individual, job and organisational factors. To measure scale reliability, Cronbach9s alphas were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of reported occupational injury. Results In terms of Work Environment Scale, the injury risk was decreased in HHAs who did not consistently care for the same patients (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.73). In terms of Ergonomic Scale, the injury risk was decreased only in HHAs who reported not needing any other devices for job safety (OR=0.30, 95% (CI): 0.15 to 0.61). No other Work Environment or Ergonomic Scale factors were associated with HHAs’ risk of injury. Conclusion This study has great implications on a subcategory of the workforce that has a limited amount of published work and studies, as of today, as well as an anticipated large demand for them.
The Role of the Advanced Practice Provider in the Management of the Bariatric Patient

The use of the advanced practice provider (APP) has significantly increased in recent years. Advantages are seen in many areas, most notably with respect to increased productivity, reimbursement, and physician flexibility. In the bariatric setting, APPs may improve patient satisfaction as well. APPs will play an important role in the care of the bariatric patient for the foreseeable future.
Allometric Grip Strength Norms for American Children

Kocher, MH, Oba, Y, Kimura, IF, Stickley, CD, Morgan, CF, and Hetzler, RK. Allometric grip strength norms for American children. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2251-2261, 2019-To develop normative data from a large cohort of American school children (ages 6-18) for unscaled and allometrically scaled handgrip strength data that are uninfluenced by body size (body mass [BM] and stature [Ht]). Data (age, handgrip strength, BM, and Ht) were collected from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey databases, resulting in 4,665 cases (2,384 boys and 2,281 girls). Multiple log-linear regressions were used to determine allometric exponents for BM and Ht separately for each age and sex to satisfy the common exponent and group difference principles described by Vanderburgh. Appropriateness of the allometric model was assessed through regression diagnostics, including normality and homoscedasticity of residuals. Allometrically scaled, ratio-scaled, and unscaled grip strength were then correlated with BM and Ht to examine the effectiveness of the procedure in controlling for body size. The data did not allow for development of a common exponent across age and sex that did not violate the common exponent and group difference principles. Correlations between allometrically scaled handgrip strength with BM and Ht were not significant (p ≤ 0.479) and approached zero, unlike correlations of unscaled handgrip strength with BM and Ht (p < 0.001 for all), indicating that allometric scaling was successful in removing the influence of body size. Allometric scaling handgrip strength by age and sex effectively controls for body size (Ht and BM) and perhaps maturation (Ht). The allometric exponents and normative values developed can be used to compare handgrip strength within age and sex while controlling for body size.
Perceived risk of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV

Perceived risk of smoking is associated with smoking status, interest in quitting, cessation attempts, and quit success. Research is needed to explore risk perceptions of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Data came from 267 HIV-positive smokers who completed an online survey assessing perceived health risks associated with (a) generic smoking status; (b) generic non-smoking status; (c) their own personal current smoking; and (d) a hypothetical situation in which they were a non-smoker. PLWH perceived greater risk associated with their current smoking versus hypothetical personal non-smoking (p's < 0.001), and greater risks associated with generic smoking status compared with their current smoking (p's < 0.001). Being on HIV medication (β = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.17, 1.12), interest in quitting smoking (β = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.32), and having an HIV healthcare provider who has recommended cessation (β = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.42, 1.67) were positively associated with perceived risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to correct misperceptions regarding the health risks of smoking among PLWH, a population at particular risk for smoking and smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
Geopolymers as a New Class of High pH Stable Supports with Different Chromatographic Selectivity.

Geopolymers belong to an interesting class of X-ray amorphous polycondensed aluminosilicate ceramic solids. The high mechanical strength, chemical stability in basic conditions, and water insolubil...
The Aging Male Reproductive System

The reproductive glands are an essential part of the human body. Extensive changes occur as we develop in the womb, to the period of puberty, and then as we age. Through out this time, intricate and timely hormonal changes occur in a unique manner that allow these changes to occur. As the process unwinds our aging body reflects the decades of repetitive assimilation and protection of the germ lines, as well as hormonal decline that affects every male. The revolution of science has allowed us to better understand the aging process so that maintenance of well being and functionality can be preserved. Hopefully, better understanding of this process will allow us to promote successful aging.
Evaluation of cover crops in reduced tillage systems for organic production

iii CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THESIS ORGANIZATION 1 CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION OF AN ORGANIC NO-TILL SYSTEM IN TWO CROP SEQUENCES IN IOWA 19 CHAPTER 3: EVALUATION OF AN ORGANIC NO-TILL SYSTEM WITH VARIOUS COVER CROPS FOR ORGANIC CORN PRODUCTION 39 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 62
Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinemia

The advent of phototherapy and its implementation in many countries of the world and its impact on hyperbilirubinemia treatment can hardly be overestimated. Cremer (Cremer, R., Perryman, P., and Richards, D. 1958) and others noted that jaundiced newborn infants exposed to sunlight seemed to appear less jaundiced than those not exposed to the light. Broughton, and especially Jerold Lucey, among others were instrumental in pushing the concept that proper wave lengths of light were capable of lowering serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (see Figs. 1 and 2).
Genetic Predisposition to Cardiac Hypertrophy

Cardiac hypertrophy is the common response of the heart to a number of physiological and pathological stimuli. Regardless of the etiology, the magnitude and nature of the response is influenced by both genetic and nongenetic factors. Mutations in single genes underlie hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) but there is remarkable variability in the phenotypic expression of HCM. Both the genetic background, referred to as the modifier genes, and probably the environmental factors affect the severity of the phenotype. Cardiac hypertrophy is also a common feature of a variety of other mendelian and nonmendelian genetic disorders, including trinucleotide repeat syndromes, Noonan and leopard syndromes, inherited metabolic disorders and mitochondrial myopathies. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms also affect cardiac hypertrophic response and modulate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in response to pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Deciphering the molecular pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophic response could provide for the opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets. Moreover, it may permit early genetic diagnosis and risk stratification, independent of and prior to development of the clinical phenotypes, and so the implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures in those at risk and ultimately individualization of pharmacological (pharmacogenetics) and nonpharmacological therapy.
MendelProb: probability and sample size calculations for Mendelian studies of exome and whole genome sequence data.

Motivation For the design of genetic studies, it is necessary to perform power calculations. Although for Mendelian traits the power of detecting linkage for pedigree(s) can be determined, it is also of great interest to determine the probability of identifying multiple pedigrees or unrelated cases with variants in the same gene. For many diseases, due to extreme locus heterogeneity this probability can be small. If only one family is observed segregating a variant classified as likely pathogenic or of unknown significance, the gene cannot be implicated in disease etiology. The probability of identifying several disease families or cases is dependent on the gene-specific disease prevalence and the sample size. The observation of multiple disease families or cases with variants in the same gene as well as evidence of pathogenicity from other sources, e.g. in silico prediction, expression and functional studies, can aid in implicating a gene in disease etiology. MendelProb can determine the probability of detecting a minimum number of families or cases with variants in the same gene. It can also calculate the probability of detecting genes with variants in different data types, e.g. identifying a variant in at least one family that can establish linkage and more the two additional families regardless of their size. Additionally, for a specified probability MendelProb can determine the number of probands which need to be screened to detect a minimum number of individuals with variants within the same gene. Results A single Mendelian disease family is not sufficient to implicate a gene in disease etiology. It is necessary to observe multiple families or cases with potentially pathogenic variants in the same gene. MendelProb, an R library, was developed to determine the probability of observing multiple families and cases with variants within a gene and to also establish the numbers of probands to screen to detect multiple observations of variants within a gene. Availability and implementation https://github.com/statgenetics/mendelprob.
Inaugural Address of the Incoming President: Our pharmacy profession: Are you all in?

![Figure][1] This moment and, more importantly, this opportunity to serve you— ASHP and the profession of pharmacy—have me feeling on top of the world! One of the first actions that I took as I planned for this message was selecting a walk-in song. For mine, I chose “On Top of the
14 – FIELD-HARVESTING SILAGE

Silage is defined as the feed resulting from the storage and fermentation of green or wet crops under anaerobic conditions. Haylage is defined as silage made from forage crops—grasses (such as orchardgrass, and smooth bromegrass) or legumes (such as red clover, alfalfa). Fodder is course grasses such as corn, sorghum, and pearl millet harvested whole (with grain intact), cured in the upright position in the field, and used for animal feed. Silage is a means of preserving succulent roughage and high-quality feed for later feeding. Its main uses are that it saves surplus forages during a given season that would otherwise be wasted, damaged, or lost because insufficient numbers of livestock are available to utilize standing forage; assures a minimum loss of nutrients in the harvesting and conserving processes; and weather conditions or patterns are sometimes factors that dictate the need for preserving forage and fodder as silage. Silage is made from many different crops. Any green crop material that can be brought down to the proper moisture range or any organic material that can be brought up to the proper moisture range can be successfully ensiled.