cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure

Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension occurs in 60% to 80% of patients with heart failure and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Methods and Results Pulmonary artery pressure correlates with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Therefore, pulmonary hypertension is a common feature of heart failure with preserved as well as reduced systolic function. Pulmonary hypertension is partially reversible with normalization of cardiac filling pressures. Pulmonary vasculature remodeling and vasoconstriction create a second component, which does not reverse immediately, but has been shown to improve with vasoactive drugs and especially with left ventricular assist devices. Conclusion Many drugs used for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension are being considered as treatment options for heart failure–related pulmonary hypertension. This is of particular significance in the heart transplant population. Randomized clinical trials with interventions targeting heart failure patients with elevated pulmonary artery pressure would be justified.
An Operation for the Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Preliminary Report

A successful first-stage operation for physiological correction of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is reported. This consists of creating a proximal communication between the pulmonary artery and the aorta while perfusing the lungs through a 3 mm orifice in a flap of pulmonary artery wall. The flap is turned in to partition the main pulmonary artery. We believe this operation has more potential for subsequent correction using the Fontan approach than previously reported first-stage procedures. Thus, further trial is indicated in selected patients.
The effects of sublethal concentrations of organophosphorus insecticides and an insect growth regulator on temperature tolerance in hydrated and dehydrated juvenile western toads, Bufo boreas.

Abstract 1. Hydrated and dehydrated juvenile western toads (Bufo boreas) were exposed for 24 hr to sublethal concentrations of the organophosphorus insecticides Abate®, fenthion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, methylparathion, and the insect growth regulator, Altosid®. 2. The most pronounced reduction in temperature tolerance occurred with the exposure to the insecticide fenthion; exposure to Altosid® caused the least reduction in temperature tolerance. 3. In most cases the temperature tolerances of the dehydrated toads were not lowered significantly, and in some cases, were higher than toads exposed in the hydrated condition to the same chemical and concentration suggesting that dehydrated toads were metabolizing the chemicals at a greater rate than hydrated animals. 4. The thermal tolerance was lowered significantly by all chemicals tested against concentrations at least one-half the usual field concentrations. 5. Control toads were more active than any of the treated individuals suggesting that other physiological responses were also affected.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit proteins α7 and β4 decrease in the superior cervical ganglion after axotomy

Synaptic transmission in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). After transection of the postganglionic nerves of the SCG in the adult rat, the transcript levels of four of the five nAChR subunits present in the ganglion, alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, and beta4, decrease dramatically. In the present study, the effect of axotomy on nAChR subunit expression was examined at the protein level, focusing on the alpha7 and beta4 subunits. Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody mAb306 (for the alpha7 subunit) and polyclonal antibody 4886 (for the beta4 subunit) showed that immunoreactivities for both alpha7 and beta4 subunits were concentrated in neurons in the intact ganglion. Results from double staining with antibodies to these subunits and to tyrosine hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, demonstrated that most neurons in the SCG express both the alpha7 and beta4 subunits. Three days after axotomy, the number of immunolabeled neurons and the intensity of the immunostaining per labeled neuron were decreased for both subunits. Decreases in subunit levels were also observed by Western blot analysis. Observing changes in these subunits over time after surgery revealed that, while the protein level of the alpha7 subunit recovered substantially within 2 weeks after the lesion, that of the beta4 subunit stayed low. These data demonstrate that decreases in nicotinic receptor subunits are among the changes in proteins that occur in axotomized sympathetic neurons, and suggest that these decreases may contribute to the depression in ganglionic synaptic transmission observed in axotomized ganglia.
Fabrication of nanoelectrodes for neurophysiology: cathodic electrophoretic paint insulation and focused ion beam milling.

The fabrication and characterization of tungsten nanoelectrodes insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint is described together with their application within the field of neurophysiology. The tip of a 127??m diameter tungsten wire was etched down to less than 100 nm and then insulated with cathodic electrophoretic paint. Focused ion beam (FIB) polishing was employed to remove the insulation at the electrode's apex, leaving a nanoscale sized conductive tip of 100?1000?nm. The nanoelectrodes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their electrochemical properties characterized by steady state linear sweep voltammetry. Electrode impedance at 1?kHz was measured too. The ability of a 700?nm tipped electrode to record well-isolated action potentials extracellularly from single visual neurons in vivo was demonstrated. Such electrodes have the potential to open new populations of neurons to study.
Automatic PCB inspection systems

There are more than 50 process steps required to fabricate a printed circuit board (PCB). To ensure quality, human operators simply inspect the work visually against prescribed standards. The decisions made by this labor intensive, and therefore costly, procedure often also involve subjective judgements. Automatic inspection systems remove the subjective aspects and provide fast, quantitative dimensional assessments. Machine vision may answer the manufacturing industry's need to improve product quality and increase productivity. The major limitation of existing inspection systems is that all the algorithms need a special hardware platform to achieve the desired real-time speeds. This makes the systems extremely expensive. Any improvements in speeding up the computation process algorithmically could reduce the cost of these systems drastically. However, they remain a better option than increasingly error prone, and slow manual human inspection. >
Comparative Growth and Gravitropsim Studies in Auxin Response Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

We used a video digitizer system to measure the kinetics of promotion and inhibition of root elongation by applied auxin in roots of intact seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. We determined the dose response relationship for auxin action on elongation in roots of wild type seedlings and seedlings of four mutants with altered auxin responsiveness. Roots of all four mutants maintained more rapid rates of elongation in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of auxin than did roots of the wild type. The latent period preceding the change in elongation rate after auxin application was the same in the mutants as in the wild type indicating that the differences in the auxin response between the wild type and the mutants are not due to differences in hormone uptake. Low concentrations of auxin induced substantial promotion of root elongation in the wild type and in the mutants aux1-7 and axr2 but not in axr1-3 or axr1-12. The mutants aux1-7 and axr2 showed no gravitropic curvature when stimulated at 90°. The mutants axr1-3 and axr1-12 exhibited rates of gravitropism intermediate between the non-responsive mutants and the wild type. For these intermediate mutants there was an inverse relationship between growth rate and rate of gravitropic curvature.
Hypervalent iodine oxidation. Synthesis of spin labeled, 1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine derivatives

Oxidation of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (1) with [I,I-bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene in methanolic potassium hydroxide yields 1-oxyl-4,4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (2). Treatment of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (3) with [I,I-bis(acetoxy)iodo]benzene in methanolic potassium hydroxide gave 3-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (4) which on oxidation with 30% hydrogen peroxide and catalytic amount of sodium tungstate gave 1-oxyl-3-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (5). The esr spectra of 1-oxyl-4,4-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (2) as well as 1-oxyl-3-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (5) show three lines.
Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage Fluid in an equine model of asthma during a natural antigen exposure trial marybeth

Background Heaves is a complex, asthma-like respiratory disease that affects many older horses. While environmental and genetic components to the disease have been proposed, the specific pathophysiology of heaves is still poorly understood. Using proteomic techniques, we compared the protein profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the lungs of healthy horses and horses affected with heaves. Methods Clinical signs of the disease were induced in heaves-affected horses using an experimental hay exposure model. Samples of BALF were collected from all horses before and after the hay exposure trial. Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to evaluate the differences in the global BALF peptide profile between the control and heaves-affected horses. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of horses. The identification of two proteins was validated with Western blot assays. Results One hundred peptides were differentially expressed between healthy controls and heaves-affected horses; 76 peptides were over-expressed in controls and 24 were over-expressed in heaves-affected horses. The identifications of transferrin and secretoglobin were confirmed with Western blot. Conclusions This study demonstrates that proteomics can be used to compare the protein profiles of BALF from healthy and diseased horses. These techniques may prove helpful in determining the pathophysiology of complex diseases.
Transition to Global Stochasticity

For near-integrable systems with two degrees of freedom, we have seen in Chapter 3 the existence of chaotic regions surrounding the separatrices associated with resonances. These regions persist for any nonzero perturbation strength ∈, although their area tends to zero as ∈ → 0. Therefore, there is no abrupt “transition to stochasticity” at some critical ∈, and one must define carefully the meaning of any such criterion.
The relationship between community design and crashes involving older drivers and pedestrians

This study uses negative binomial regression models to understand how urban form may affect total and KSI (killed or seriously injured) crashes involving drivers and pedestrians aged seventy-five and older. Intersections, strip commercial establishments, big box stores, and arterial thoroughfares were associated with increases in crashes involving older motorists, while big box stores and arterials increased crashes for older pedestrians. Networks of lower-speed streets were associated with fewer crashes involving older motorists and pedestrians. This study concludes by detailing community design considerations that may enhance the safety of older motorists and pedestrians Language: en
Broadband marine MT exploration of the East Pacific Rise at 9°50′N

[1] We present the first use at a mid-ocean ridge of a recently developed broadband marine magnetotelluric (MT) instrument. The extended high frequency performance of the instrument allows resolution of electrical resistivity structure at shallower depths than traditional marine MT sensors. Our two-dimensional inversion model from data collected at four MT sites on the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50′N demonstrates the viability of the method to image electrical resistivity structure in both the crust and shallow mantle. While our pilot experiment falls far short of the coverage needed to provide rigorous constraints on structure, a low resistivity zone in the crustal portion of the inversion model agrees well with seismic tomography and seafloor compliance results. Resistivities beneath the ridge imply a crustal partial melt fraction of 1–20%. A total melt volume of about 0.75 km3 per kilometer of ridge implies an average melt residence time of about 1000 years.
Photoconductive switch design for microwave applications

A procedure for choosing the dimensions of a photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) for operation at microwave switching frequencies, and particularly at 10.0 GHZ, is described. The critical dimension is the switch length (electrode separation), which must be small enough to force photoinduced charge removal during switch turn-off via sweep out rather than recombination. The switch depth in the direction of turn-on optical pulse absorption must be several optical absorption depths long to ensure absorption of all the incident light, which optimizes optical to electrical signal gain. The switch width is determined in conjunction with the peak intensity of the optical pulse because the switch width-optical intensity product, which represents optical power, determines the turn-on time, the on-state switch resistance and the turn-off delay time. Simulations show that a switch with a 0.5 ?m length, 5.0 ?m depth, and 20 ?m width, illuminated with 1.0 W peak power optical pulses at 10 GHz, will have a 4.8 ps turn-on time, a 0.23 ? on-state resistance, and a 46 ps turn-off time.
Exhibit: lightweight structured data publishing

The early Web was hailed for giving individuals the same publishing power as large content providers. But over time, large content providers learned to exploit the structure in their data, leveraging databases and server side technologies to provide rich browsing and visualization. Individual authors fall behind once more: neither old-fashioned static pages nor domain-specific publishing frameworks supporting limited customization can match custom database-backed web applications. In this paper, we propose Exhibit, a lightweight framework for publishing structured data on standard web servers that requires no installation, database administration, or programming. Exhibit lets authors with relatively limited skills-those same enthusiasts who could write HTML pages for the early Web-publish richly interactive pages that exploit the structure of their data for better browsing and visualization. Such structured publishing in turn makes that data more useful to all of its consumers: individual readers get more powerful interfaces, mashup creators can more easily repurpose the data, and Semantic Web enthusiasts can feed the data to the nascent Semantic Web.
Missing Exposure Data in Stereotype Regression Model: Application to Matched Case-Control Study with Disease Subclassification

With advances in modern medicine and clinical diagnosis, case-control data with characterization of finer subtypes of cases are often available. In matched case-control studies, missingness in exposure values often leads to deletion of entire stratum, and thus entails a significant loss in information. When subtypes of cases are treated as categorical outcomes, the data are further stratified and deletion of observations becomes even more expensive in terms of precision of the category-specific odds-ratio parameters, especially using the multinomial logit model. The stereotype regression model for categorical responses lies intermediate between the proportional odds and the multinomial or baseline category logit model. The use of this class of models has been limited as the structure of the model implies certain inferential challenges with nonidentifiability and nonlinearity in the parameters. We illustrate how to handle missing data in matched case-control studies with finer disease subclassification within the cases under a stereotype regression model. We present both Monte Carlo based full Bayesian approach and expectation/conditional maximization algorithm for the estimation of model parameters in the presence of a completely general missingness mechanism. We illustrate our methods by using data from an ongoing matched case-control study of colorectal cancer. Simulation results are presented under various missing data mechanisms and departures from modeling assumptions.
BER of URA and UCA in AWGN

This paper presents and compares the BER performances of different antenna array geometries. The uniform circular array (UCA) and uniform rectangular array (URA) are implemented with the trellis coded modulation (TCM) and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The influence of array geometries is examined on the BER in well-separated-signals and in random-direction-signals environments.
Maternal Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Measures of Newborn and Placental Weight in a U.S. Multicenter Cohort Study

Context: Inconsistent associations between maternal vitamin D status and fetal size have been published in small studies. Objective: Our objective was to examine the association between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and measures of newborn and placental weight. Design and Setting: We measured maternal 25(OH)D in mothers from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, an observational cohort conducted in 12 U.S. medical centers from 1959 to 1965. Participants: Women delivering singleton, term, live births with 25(OH)D measured at a gestation of 26 wk or less (n = 2146). Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight, ponderal index, placental weight, the placental to fetal weight ratio, and small for gestational age were measured. Hypotheses were formulated after data collection. Results: After confounder adjustment, mothers with 25(OH)D of 37.5 nmol/liter or greater gave birth to newborns with 46 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 9–82 g] higher birth weights and 0.13 cm (0.01–0.25 cm) larger head circumfere...
Silicon Micromachined W-Band Bandpass Filter Using DRIE Technique

A silicon micromachined W-band 3-pole bandpass filter using deep reactive ion etching technology with stacked silicon substrates is presented for the first time. The dimensions of the waveguide filter are calculated based on EM theory and optimized using the Ansoft HFSS 9.2 full wave simulator. The measured center frequency is 92.45GHz. The passband insertion loss is between 1.1 dB and 1.3 dB. The measured bandwidth is 4.83%. The attenuation is more than 30dB at 9GHz away from the center frequency.
Methyl jasmonate reduces chilling injury in Cucurbita pepo through its regulation of abscisic acid and polyamine levels

Abstract Zucchini squash fruit ( Cucurbita pepo L.) were pressure infiltrated (82.7 kPa for 3 min)_with methyl jasmonate (MJ) in aqueous suspension and then stored at a chilling temperature of 5°C. Control fruit were treated with distilled water and handled in a similar manner. Control fruit started to show chilling injury after 4 days of storage, whereas treated fruit had a 2–4 day delay in the onset of chilling injury symptoms. The abscisic acid (ABA) level in exocarp tissue of the control fruit increased after chilling treatment. An even larger increase in ABA level was found in the MJ-treated tissue upon exposure to 5°C, indicating that MJ may stimulate ABA synthesis at chilling temperatures. The treated and control fruit had similar increases in putrescine content when exposed to chilling temperatures. Spermidine and spermine contents decreased during storage at 5°C in treated and control squash. However, the treated fruit maintained higher levels of spermidine and spermine than the control fruit throughout storage at 5°C. These results indicate that MJ may prevent chilling injury by a mechanism which involves regulation of ABA and polyamine levels.
Stratigraphic Relations and Petroleum Potential of Smackover-Buckner Sequence (Jurassic), Clarke County, Mississippi: ABSTRACT

In eastern Mississippi, the upper member of the Smackover Formation and the lower member of the Buckner Formation represent a major regression of the Jurassic shoreline. The upper Smackover carbonate strata were deposited under shallow open-marine conditions, and the vertical sequence indicates progressive shoaling and basinward progradation of environments. The overlying lower member of the Buckner Formation consists of thick units of nodular anhydrite with interbedded dolomite, and is inferred to be the supratidal equivalent of the upper Smackover marine carbonate rocks. The principal reservoir rocks in the Smackover Formation are oolitic grainstones with primary depositional interparticle porosity. The high-energy oolitic deposits formed by tidal action on shoals which were aligned roughly parallel with the coastline. An understanding of the structural and sedimentologic factors which controlled the location of the oolite shoals is critical to explorations in adjacent areas. The oolitic deposits appear to have build up as a consequence of the intersection of wave base and a gently sloping sea floor, as there is no indication of a controlling shelf break. Although there is strong evidence of penecontemporaneous growth of salt-cored anticlines during deposition of the upper Smackover sediments, these structures are not thought to be the principal factor in controlling the location of the high-energy shoals. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2206------------
Some Academics Try to Push Back: Ward Churchill, the War on Truth, and the Improbabilities of Interruption

In this essay, the author outlines the limits of critical inquiry in the wake of 9/11 through a close reading of public reaction to Ward Churchill and his essay “Some People Push Back.” Following a...
Las paradojas del autoritarismo : ejército, campesinado y etnicidad en el Perú, siglos XIX al XX

Partiendo de procesos politicos recientes en el Peru, que incluyen una guerra civil y la emergencia de un movimiento militarista pro-indigena y ultranacionalista, este ensayo examina la relacion historica entre campesinado y ejercito durante los siglos XIX al XXI. Se especula sobre los cambios producidos con el transito de un ejercito caudillista en el siglo XIX a un ejercito profesional en el XX. El ensayo cuestiona la expandida idea de que la sierra rural y sus habitantes estuvieron excluidos de la vida nacional y de la ciudadania “desde siempre” y postula que la participacion campesina en las guerras civiles del siglo XIX fue un canal de insercion del campesinado en la politica nacional, promoviendo una forma incipiente de conciencia ciudadana.
Lower Mode Response of Circular Cylinders in Cross-Flow

Transverse amplitude responses of a circular cylinder in cross-flow were determined as a function of reduced velocities for a variety of spring constants and damping coefficients. Maxima were found at reduced velocities of 5 and 16, and were of comparable amplitude. The first resonance, designated the “fundamental mode,” was due to normal vortex street excitation of the spring-mass system. The second resonance, designated the “lower mode,” occurred when the natural frequency was approximately one-third of the normal vortex shedding frequency. By assuming that the driving force was sinusoidal, it was possible to evaluate the lift coefficients at resonance. Lift coefficients for the lower mode behaved similarly with amplitude ratio but were an order of magnitude lower than lift coefficients for the fundamental mode. A mechanism was used to oscillate the cylinder transversely at prescribed frequencies and amplitudes. Dominant wake frequencies were determined from a frequency analysis of the hot-wire signal for a range of velocities and a fixed frequency of oscillation. It was found that synchronization of the shedding frequency to the forcing frequency did not take place for the lower mode. The familiar “lock-in” region, or frequency synchronization over finite bandwidth, was observed for the fundamental mode only. Since the frequency associated with normal vortex shedding was not suppressed when oscillations took place in the lower mode, it would seem that a low frequency vortex street had not replaced the normal one. It is likely, then, that the spring-mounted cylinder responded subharmonically to the exciting force resulting from vortex shedding. In this regard, however, it was curious that subharmonic response was not found at a frequency ratio of 0.5 as it was at 0.33. A conceptual model, which incorporated features of both the low frequency vortex street and subharmonic response, was developed which accounted for lower mode response at a frequency ratio of 0.33 as well as the lack of response at 0.5.
Resistance of Botryosphaeria dothidea from pistachio to iprodione.

ABSTRACT Out of 79 field-collected isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, causal agent of panicle and shoot blight of California pistachio, 1 had low resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide iprodione (effective fungicide concentration to inhibit 50% of mycelial growth [EC50] = 2.726 μg/ml), whereas all the other isolates were sensitive (EC50 < 1 μg/ml). B. dothidea isolates readily developed resistance to iprodione in vitro. Furthermore, these in vitro-derived iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates retained high virulence on pistachio. The EC50 values for these IR isolates were greater than 25 μg/ml, whereas the EC50 values for the original wild-type counterparts were less than 1 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance significantly declined when these IR isolates were propagated on pistachio leaves in the absence of the fungicide. IR isolates also were resistant to vinclozolin, another dicarboximide fungicide, but sensitive to tebuconazole and benomyl. IR isolates showed an increase in osmotic sensitivity on media amende...
A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood

Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (specifically ages 15-24) represent a period of heightened sexual risk taking resulting in the greatest annual rates of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies in the US population. Ongoing efforts to prevent such negative consequences are likely to benefit from a deepening of our understanding of biological mechanisms through which sexual risk taking emerges and biases decision making during this critical window. Here we present a neuroscience framework from which a mechanistic examination of sexual risk taking can be advanced. Specifically, we adapt the neurodevelopmental triadic model, which outlines how motivated behavior is governed by three systems: approach, avoidance, and regulation, to sexual decision making and subsequent risk behavior. We further propose a testable hypothesis of the triadic model, wherein relatively decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity and increased reward-related ventral striatum reactivity leads to sexual risk taking, which is particularly exaggerated during adolescence and young adulthood when there is an overexpression of dopaminergic neurons coupled with immature top-down prefrontal cortex regulation. We conclude by discussing how future research based on our adapted triadic model can inform ongoing efforts to improve intervention and prevention efforts.
Making Sense of Output and Increasing Efficiency

A simulation run customarily generates sample-path data on user-specified dynamic processes that evolve as simulated time elapses. These often include delay time, queue length, and resource utilization. Sample averages summarize these data and usually become the focal point of reports and presentations to management. Since they merely approximate corresponding long-run averages that would be observed if the simulation were run for an infinite rather than a finite amount of time, some measure of error should accompany each sample average. Confidence intervals, standard errors, and relative errors provide three alternative means of assessing how well sample averages approximate true long-run averages. As illustration, the Final Tableau in Figure 6.12a displays 99 percent confidence intervals under the headings Lower and Upper, standard error under sqrt[B*W(L, B)/t], and relative error under (Upper — Lower)/\(\left| {\bar X} \right|\). A report that omits an error assessment can lead to serious misconceptions of how well sample averages characterize unknown long-run averages.
Effect of lumen pH on cell pH and cell potential in rabbit proximal tubules

To determine the effect of luminal pH on cell pH and basolateral cell membrane potential difference (Vbl) of rabbit proximal convoluted tubules, Vbl was measured by conventional microelectrodes and intracellular pH was measured microfluorometrically. Lowering lumen pH acidified the cell and depolarized Vbl. Three factors contributed to depolarization of Vbl. Lowering lumen pH decreased apical cell membrane potassium permeability (PK) as indicated by the following: 1) at lumen pH 7.4 raising lumen [K] depolarized Vbl; 2) lowering lumen pH eliminated the depolarization of Vbl induced by increasing lumen [K]. An additional effect was suggested by the following: lumen Ba2+ blunted, but did not eliminate, the Vbl response to lowering lumen pH. An effect on basolateral K permeability (PK) via its effect on cell pH was suggested by the fact that lowering lumen pH dramatically reduced the depolarization induced by increasing bath [K]. Lowering lumen pH might influence Vbl by inhibiting H+-HCO3- transport. Addition of 1 mM 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) to the bath solution hyperpolarized Vbl and enhanced the depolarization induced by lowering luminal pH. At luminal pH 6.0 SITS had no effect, suggesting elimination of H+ secretion. Addition of 1 mM luminal amiloride had no effect on Vbl or the response of Vbl to lowering luminal pH, but in the presence of amiloride SITS still hyperpolarized Vbl, suggesting amiloride-insensitive electrogenic H+ secretion. These results suggest that lumen pH-dependent depolarization of Vbl is due to 1) a decrease in apical PK; 2) cell acidification with secondary effects on basolateral PK; and 3) a decrease in apical electrogenic H+ transport.
1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Ligands Bearing Tertiary Alkyl Nitrogen Substituents

The first synthesis of 1,4,7-tri-tert-butyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tBu3tacn) and its adamantyl analog Ad3tacn are described. CrII, MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, and CuI compounds of tBu3tacn are reported: the steric properties of this ligand enforce four-coordinate geometries except in the case of five-coordinate CrII, enabling design of pseudotetrahedral compounds bearing this tridentate redox-inert ancillary ligand.
Endurance in Restricted Postures

This paper presents results of a study to find a relationship between the strength required to perform a task and the endurance time in restricted postures. A laboratory experiment was conducted to find the endurance for workers exerting selected percentage of their maximum strength in certain restricted postures. Endurance times of 15 college students were measured at various predetermined strength in postures such as standing, sitting, and lying on the stomach with and without elbow support. It was found that the endurance time was significantly reduced in the restricted postures. Experimental analysis clearly reveals that the average endurance time in the sitting position was only 5.15 minutes when 23 pounds of strength exertion was required; while the endurance time in standing position was more than 90 minutes. The reduction was more significant in the case of postures involving lying on stomach. Subjects could not endure any weight heavier than 10 pounds for longer than 5 minutes. The endurance time...
Behavioral Responses of Nymph and Adult Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to Colored Harborages

Behavioral bioassays were conducted to determine whether bed bug adults and nymphs prefer specific colored harborages. Two-choice and seven-choice behavioral color assays indicate that red (28.5%) and black (23.4%) harborages are optimal harborage choices for bed bugs. Yellow and green harborages appear to repel bed bugs. Harborage color preferences change according to gender, nutritional status, aggregation, and life stage. Female bed bugs prefer harborages with shorter wavelengths (lilac—14.5% and violet—11.5%) compared to males, whereas males prefer harborages with longer wavelengths (red—37.5% and black—32%) compared with females. The preference for orange and violet harborages is stronger when bed bugs are fed as opposed to when they are starved. Lone bed bugs (30%) prefer to be in black harborages while red harborages appear to be the optimum harborage color for bed bugs in more natural mixed aggregations (35.5%). Bed bug nymphs preferred different colored harborages at each stage of development, which is indicative of their developing eye structures and pigments. First instars showed no significant preference for any colored harborage soon after hatching. However, by the fifth instar, 27.5% of nymphs significantly preferred red and black harborages (which was a similar preference to adult bed bugs). The proportion of oviposited eggs was significantly greater under blue, red, and black harborages compared to other colored harborages tested. The use of visual cues such as specific colors offers great potential for improving bed bug monitoring tools by increasing trap captures.
Effects of Different Novel Functional Urea on the Yield and Efficiency of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Hybrid Rice

To investigate the effects of novel functional urea on efficiency of nitrogen use and yield of rice,the super hybrid rice cultiva(C Liang-you No.343) was used as test material and six treatment modes with different urea were conducted.No nitrogen application(0N),conventional urea(control),controlled release urea(CRU),polypeptide urea(PU),seaweed urea(SU) and zinc coating urea(ZCU)were designed to analyze the formation characteristics of yields,the uptake and accumulation features of nutrients(nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium),and the efficiency of nitrogen use.Results showed that the rice yields after application with CRU,PU,SU and ZCU were 10.21,10.36,10.24 and 10.31 t/hm2,respectively,with 8.73%,10.33%,9.05% and 9.80% than higher that of the control.Compared with the control the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency after application with PU,ZCU,SU and CRU increased by 52.77%,81.92%,56.21% and 65.41%,and agronomic efficiency of rice increased by 49.94%,59.15%,51.86% and 56.08%,respectively.Both the nitrogen and fertilizer partial factor productivity increased significantly.The nitrogen physiological efficiency was decreased(especially for PU and ZCU by 12.56% and 5.65%,respectively).The nitrogen absorption and dry matter accumulation increased significantly in the medium-later growing stages.Application of different functional urea in super hybrid rice could increase the nutrients absorption and utilization.The yields of rice after application of the four novel functional urea had no significantly different.
The self-righteous moralist in early meetings of therapeutic groups.

(1954). The Self-Righteous Moralist in Early Meetings of Therapeutic Groups. Psychiatry: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 215-223.
Understanding the impact of limited channel state information on massive MIMO network performances

In recent years, there have been significant efforts on the research and development of Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technologies at the physical layer. So far, however, the understanding of how M-MIMO could affect the performance of network control and optimization algorithms remains rather limited. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of the queue-length-based joint congestion control and scheduling framework (QCS) over M-MIMO cellular networks with limited channel state information (CSI). Our contributions in this paper are two-fold: i) We characterize the scaling performance of the queue-lengths and show that there exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in the steady-state queue-length deviation respect to the CSI quality (reflected in the number of bits B that represent CSI); and ii) We characterize the congestion control rate scaling performance and show that there also exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in steady-state congestion control rate deviation respect to the CSI quality. Collectively, the findings in this paper advance our understanding of the trade-offs between delay, throughput, and the accuracy/complexity of CSI acquisition in M-MIMO cellular network systems.
Minimal Incision Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Limited Medial Parapatellar Arthrotomy

The early description of the medial parapatellar approach to the knee is often credited to von Langenbeck, who described directly detaching the vastus medialis muscle from its insertion onto the quadriceps tendon and continuing the arthrotomy along the medial aspect of the patella. Insall introduced a midline capsular incision that divides the quadriceps tendon in its medial third, and peels the quadriceps expansion from the patella.1 This approach, or a slight variation thereof, is the most popular approach for total knee arthroplasty.
Observing entrainment mixing, photochemical ozone production, and regional methane emissions by aircraft using a simple mixed-layer framework

Abstract. In situ flight data from two distinct campaigns during winter and summer seasons in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California are used to calculate boundary-layer entrainment rates, ozone photochemical production rates, and regional methane emissions. Flights near Fresno, California, in January and February 2013 were conducted in concert with the NASA DISCOVER-AQ project. The second campaign (ArvinO3), consisting of 11 days of flights spanning June through September 2013 and 2014, focused on the southern end of the SJV between Bakersfield and the small town of Arvin, California – a region notorious for frequent violations of ozone air quality standards. Entrainment velocities, the parameterized rates at which free tropospheric air is incorporated into the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), are estimated from a detailed budget of the inversion base height. During the winter campaign near Fresno, we find an average midday entrainment velocity of 1.5 cm s−1, and a maximum of 2.4 cm s−1. The entrainment velocities derived during the summer months near Bakersfield averaged 3 cm s−1 (ranging from 0.9 to 6.5 cm s−1), consistent with stronger surface heating in the summer months. Using published data on boundary-layer heights we find that entrainment rates across the Central Valley of California have a bimodal annual distribution peaking in spring and fall when the lower tropospheric stability (LTS) is changing most rapidly. Applying the entrainment velocities to a simple mixed-layer model of three other scalars (O3, CH4, and H2O), we solve for ozone photochemical production rates and find wintertime ozone production (2.8 ± 0.7 ppb h−1) to be about one-third as large as in the summer months (8.2 ± 3.1 ppb h−1). Moreover, the summertime ozone production rates observed above Bakersfield–Arvin exhibit an inverse relationship to a proxy for the volatile organic compound (VOC) : NOx ratio (aircraft [CH4] divided by surface [NO2]), consistent with a NOx-limited photochemical environment. A similar budget closure approach is used to derive the regional emissions of methane, yielding 100 (±100) Gg yr−1 for the winter near Fresno and 170 (±125) Gg yr−1 in the summer around Bakersfield. These estimates are 3.6 and 2.4 times larger, respectively, than current state inventories suggest. Finally, by performing a boundary-layer budget for water vapor, surface evapotranspiration rates appear to be consistently ∼ 55 % of the reference values reported by the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) for nearby weather stations.
Heat and Mass Transfer Effects in a Furnace-Based Micropyrolyzer

Microgram-scale reactors combined with gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or flame ionization detection (FID) are used widely in pyrolysis research. Whether these devices meet the expected fast heating rates and short vapor residence times of fast pyrolysis have not been verified. In this study, experiments and simulations are used to investigate heat and mass transfer in a furnace-based micropyrolyzer. Surprisingly, heating rates obtained from the temperature history of sample cups in the reactor were modest compared to the greater than 1000 K s−1 heating rates sometimes assumed for such reactors. The heating rate at 773 K, employed commonly in fast pyrolysis, was only 180 K s−1. The highest rate observed was 494 K s−1 at a furnace temperature of 1268 K, which is well above typical pyrolysis temperatures. The mass transfer of volatilized samples was studied using both an optically accessible furnace and computational fluid dynamics. The standard sample cups used with these micropyrolyzers impede the escape of vapors. The use of shallow perforated cups overcame this mass transfer limitation to lead to levoglucosan yields ≈10 % higher than usually reported for the pyrolysis of cellulose.
Efficacy of FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence.

OBJECTIVES Pelvic floor muscle training can be effective in alleviating urinary incontinence; however, women need instruction, motivation, and feedback to gain optimal benefit from pelvic rehabilitation. The Food and Drug Administration-approved FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy System uses office electromyography and an in-home programmable device to provide training, motivation, and feedback between office visits. This study was undertaken to document the outcomes of women who completed an MD-supervised program using the FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy System. METHODS In this chart review, women with urinary incontinence, who completed the 8-visit protocol, were included in the analysis. We collected patient demographics, electromyographic measurements, and responses to subjective questions about the status of their urinary incontinence symptoms. RESULTS Two hundred fifteen (60%) of 361 patients who started treatment with FemiScan completed the 8-visit protocol. No adverse events were reported. The mean age was 54.4 ± 12.7 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean maximal response comparing the first and final electromyographic measurements obtained during the first and last electromyography office visits. The left side (15.9 ± 10.2 μV vs 28.0± 15.2 μV, P < 001) and the right side (16.6 μV vs 28.2 μV, P < 0.001) were analyzed separately in peak electromyographic measurements between the first and final visits. Seventy-five percent considered their symptoms at least 80% improved with 45% reporting complete subjective cure. Urinary Distress Inventory 6 results confirmed the subjective report with a statistical significant improvement comparing the first and last visit (9.47 ± 3.66 vs 2.71 ± 3.58, P < 001). CONCLUSIONS FemiScan appears to be a safe and effective treatment for urinary incontinence with concomitant increased pelvic floor electromyographic activity.
Technology Megatrends Driving the Future of e-Society

Thank you, I am very glad to be with you today. And I thank you for the honor of speaking to M¨¹nchner Kreis. I will be talking to you this morning from the perspective of someone who is leading most of the software research within IBM.
Sustainable batch production of biosynthesized nanoparticles

Abstract The production of biosynthesized nanoparticles is a slow process with complex isolation and collection procedures due to adhesion to the cell surface. Isolating the microorganism by immobilization in alginate beads will allow for easier recovery of nanoparticles. Immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum was able to reduce Pd ions efficiently through multiple batch production cycles with an average of 99.5% reduction in the metal ions. Microscopic imaging, diffraction and spectroscopic analyses of the Pd nanoparticles formed using immobilized cultures showed similar size distribution to particles collected from suspended cultures and confirmed the particles were metallic Pd. The Pd nanoparticles also retained their catalytic activity, as shown through the reduction of 450 μM methyl orange in less time than the controls. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the immobilization method for batch production of biosynthesized nanoparticles with little to no difference in particle size and properties.
Racial and ethnic variations in one-year clinical and patient-reported outcomes following breast reconstruction.

Abstract Background Existing studies evaluating racial and ethnic disparities focus on describing differences in procedure type and the proportion of women who undergo reconstruction following mastectomy. This study seeks to examine racial and ethnic variations in clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) following breast reconstruction. Methods The Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium is an 11 center, prospective cohort study collecting clinical and PROs following autologous and implant-based breast reconstruction. Mixed-effects regression models, weighted to adjust for non-response, were performed to evaluate outcomes at one-year postoperatively. Results The cohort included 2703 women who underwent breast reconstruction. In multivariable models, Hispanic or Latina patients were less likely to experience any complications and major complications. Black or African-American women reported greater improvements in psychosocial and sexual well-being. Conclusions Despite differences in pertinent clinical and socioeconomic variables, racial and ethnic minorities experienced equivalent or better outcomes. These findings provide reassurance in the context of numerous racial and ethnic health disparities and build upon our understanding of the delivery of surgical care to women with or at risk for developing breast cancer.
Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of N80 Steel under High Temperature and High Pressure CO 2 -O 2 Coexisting Condition

(1) Corrosion and Protection Center, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Sciences and Technology Beijing, 30#, Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
Covalency and the effect in K2CuCl4.2H2O

Abstract EPR studies of K2CuCl4. 2H2O at 3, 9, 14, 25, 36 and 70 GHz demonstrated that the “ 10 3 Effect” could be readily observed on magnetically concentrated polycrystalline samples with anisotropic g factors. This effect gives rise to two important experimental results: (1) a variation of the linewidth when the observation frequency and exchange frequency are comparable ( v o ⋍ v e ⋍ J h ) and (2) a shift in g values for vo ⪡ ve as compared to the value in magnetically dilute materials. The latter shift is of considerable importance since an evaluation of the extent of metal-ligand covalency from the experimental g factors assumes that their values are constant.This is often not the case in magnetically concentrated substances, the form in which most paramagnetic complexes are prepared.
Personal Spirituality as a Moderator of the Relationship between Stressors and Subjective Well-Being:

The present study examined the impact that a personal, integrated spirituality has on well-being and its role in moderating the effects of stressors (both significant life events and hassles) on we...
Gut expression and regulation of FAT/CD36: possible role in fatty acid transport in rat enterocytes.

Fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 is one of several putative plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins; however, its role in intestinal absorption of LCFA is unknown. We hypot...