cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Oscillations and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8% qacaWGUbGabmOBayaaraaaaa!3812!$$n\bar n$$ Oscillations

This review will cover two topics which are only marginally related. Neutrino oscillations and their implications on neutrino mass will be discussed first. It will be followed by an overview of the status of neutron-antineutron oscillations. While the first process is a sensitive source of information on lepton number conservation and neutrino mass, the second topic has to do with a possible ΔB = 2 baryon number violation process.
Gender bias in food intake favors male preschool Guatemalan children

Gender bias in food intake and its subsequent effects on growth and illness were examined using data from rural Guatemalan children. Multiple regression controlled for energy requirements, illness, and maternal and economic factors. Gender bias in energy and protein intake favored boys; the magnitude for ages 2-5 y was 247 kJ/d. Analysis of subsequent effects showed that boys had higher rates of weight gain due to gender bias in energy intake than did girls for ages 1-2 y (0.27-0.97 kg/y), when there were no differences in illness rates due to gender bias in energy intake. For age 3-5 y, boys and girls did not differ in weight gain due to gender bias in energy intake. For ages 1-2 y for weight and stature, the growth rate for boys was faster than that of girls by 6-49% due to gender bias. This study provides evidence of gender bias in food intake in a Latin American population, but more work on the existence of and reasons for gender bias in food intake is needed before advocating that education or health programs should focus on this issue.
Senior-Loken syndrome: revisited

The combination of familial juvenile nephronophthisis (FJN) and congenital amaurosis of Leber, the so called Senior-Loken Syndrome, was first described by Senior et al in 1961.1 Despite recognition of the syndrome for > 30 years, its occurrence is relatively rare and the basis for the oculorenal association remains unresolved. Our recent experience with two patients who had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as a manifestation of the syndrome prompted this review. CASE HISTORIES A.M. is an 11-year-old girl who complained of generalized fatigue over the previous 3 weeks. The patient had been diagnosed with Leber9s amaurosis at 3 months of age.
Search for superdeformed shapes in 144Gd.

Two-dimensional \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} transition energy correlation measurements were made in $^{144}\mathrm{Gd}$ using Compton-suppressed Ge detectors in the spin spectrometer. A ridge-valley structure was observed and shown to originate from discrete, fast transitions. The deduced moment of inertia is less than that of the superdeformed collective bands that have been predicted by Strutinsky cranking calculations.
Professional Power and the Cultural Meanings of Biotechnology

Introduction Prolonged Ventilation for Children with Neuromuscular Disease Meaning of Tears Knowledge and Communication Knowledge and Power Difference Between Starting and Stopping Is Technology Value-Neutral? Contesting Power Over Technology Boundary of Body Concluding Remarks Keywords: cultural meanings biotechnology
Expertise, Structure, and Reputation of Corporate Boards

This paper studies the optimal structure of the board with an emphasis on the expertise of directors. The analysis provides three main results. First, the expertise of a value-maximizing board can harm shareholder value. Second, it is optimal to design a board whose members are biased against the manager, especially when their expertise is high. Third, directors' desire to demonstrate expertise can shift power from the board to the manager on the expense of shareholders. The effect of these reputation concerns is amplified when the communication within the boardroom is transparent.
Plasma proteins modified by tyrosine nitration in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The present study identifies proteins modified by nitration in the plasma of patients with ongoing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The proteins modified by nitration in ARDS were reveal...
ADP: Goals, Opportunities and Principles

This chapter contains sections titled: Goals of This Book Funding Issues, Opportunities and the Larger Context Unifying Mathematical Principles and Roadmap of the Field Bibliography
Fine-grained resource sharing for concurrent GPGPU kernels

General purpose GPU (GPGPU) programming frameworks such as OpenCL and CUDA allow running individual computation kernels sequentially on a device. However, in some cases it is possible to utilize device resources more efficiently by running kernels concurrently. This raises questions about load balancing and resource allocation that have not previously warranted investigation. For example, what kernel characteristics impact the optimal partitioning of resources among concurrently executing kernels? Current frameworks do not provide the ability to easily run kernels concurrently withne-grained and dynamic control over resource partitioning. We present KernelMerge, a kernel scheduler that runs two OpenCL kernels concurrently on one device. KernelMerge furnishes a number of settings that can be used to survey concurrent or single kernel configurations, and to investigate how kernels interact and influence each other, or themselves. KernelMerge provides a concurrent kernel scheduler compatible with the OpenCL API.We present an argument on the benefits of running kernels concurrently. We demonstrate how to use KernelMerge to increase throughput for two kernels that efficiently use device resources when run concurrently, and we establish that some kernels show worse performance when running concurrently. We also outline a method for using KernelMerge to investigate how concurrent kernels influence each other, with the goal of predicting runtimes for concurrent execution from individual kernel runtimes. Finally, we suggest GPU architectural changes that would improve such concurrent schedulers in the future.
4S oop RNA is a leader sequence for the immunity-establishment transcription in coliphage |[lambda]|

oop RNA, which is initiated at the po promoter and is 81 nucleotides long, can function as a leader sequence for the λ immunity establishment transcription, previously believed to originate at a special promoter pre located in the y region. Thus, oop RNA seems to have a dual role, either favouring the lytic cycle as a primer for the initiation of λ DNA replication, or leading to the establishment of lysogeny when elongated into the imm transcript, which directs synthesis of the repressor.
Identifying susceptibility loci for nicotine dependence: 2008 update based on recent genome-wide linkage analyses.

Tobacco smoking is a severe health hazard worldwide, as nearly one-third of the global adult population smokes tobacco products. This high prevalence highlights the importance of studying the genetic determinants of nicotine dependence (ND). To identify such genetic factors, more than 20 genome-wide linkage studies have been conducted across different populations using a variety of ND assessment approaches, including smoking quantity (SQ), Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), ever-smoking, habitual smoking, or maximum number of cigarettes smoked in a 24-h period. This review provides a critical update on the progress during the years since our last review, published in 2004, in identifying susceptibility loci for ND. Although a significant number of reported genomic regions did not reach the level of "suggestive" or "significant" linkage and failed to be replicated in other independent studies, thirteen regions, located on chromosomes 3-7, 9-11, 17, 20, and 22, have been found to be suggestive or significant in at least two independent samples. Among them, the regions on chromosomes 9 (91.9-136.5 cM), 10, 11, and 17 have received the strongest support. A summary of eight regions that have been nominated for "significant" linkage to ND is provided.
Diversity in chemical compositions of preen gland secretions of tropical birds

Abstract The chemical composition of preen gland secretions of antbirds (Thamnophilidae and Formicaridae) and phylogenetically closely related Dendrocolaptidae, Tyrannidae and Pipridae were investigated to understand the role of environment in secretion components. The secretions of Thamnophilidae consisted of long chain acids, alcohols, esters, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and isoprenoids. Formicaridae secretions contained exclusively squalene and its derivatives. In Pipridae, secretions were made up of complex long chain esters. In Dendrocolaptidae, the secretions consisted of long chain esters of both saturated and monounsaturated acids combined with mono-alcohols and those of Tyrannidae consisted of long chain esters of saturated, mono- and tri-unsaturated acids with mono- and di-ols that were less complex. Higher molecular weight saturated and unsaturated components in tropical species suggest that the volatility of the secretion components is correlated to environmental temperatures experienced by the birds. Squalene is a precursor in steroid biosynthesis, but higher amounts in Formicaridae secretions suggest that it may have some additional functions.
Selectivity control in micellar electrokinetic chromatography of small peptides using mixed fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon anionic surfactants

Electrophoretic mobilities and capacity factors for a group of Trp-containing small peptides were determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) using mixtures of a fluorocarbon anionic surfactant, lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate, and a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant, lithium dodecyl sulfate. Upon mixing these two surfactants, which have different microenvironments and interactive characteristics, greater control over migration of solutes is achieved. The changes in the composition of mixed micelles such as the mole fraction of the surfactants result in different solute-micelle binding as well as migration times of the micelles (tmc). Consequently, capacity factor, selectivity and elution window (tmc/t0) change with the composition of the mixed micellar system. Another characteristic of the mixtures of fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon surfactants is the possibility of forming two different types of micelles which offers an additional partitioning process for each solute in the MEKC system. Such a unique phenomenon offers a higher degree of selectivity control. This mixed MEKC system is quite effective for the separation of small peptides. It provides an alternative to the free-solution capillary zone electrophoresis system for the separation of charged solutes with nearly identical electrophoretic mobility.
Compensation under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act.

The purpose of this article is to look at the effect of the federal compensation scheme under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act on the people and institutions involved in the administration of vaccinations. More vaccine-injured children will probably recelve compensation than would have been true under state law, but each child will probably receive less money for damages. Manufacturers will pay excise taxes to fund the compensation scheme and receive, in return, substantial immunity from liability under state law. Although these provisions create incentives that work in opposite directions, producers likely will still have reason to improve the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The situation for those who administer vaccinations is less clear. Freeing them from the threat of litigation would leave them with little incentive to use immunizations appropriately because they do not contribute to the compensation scheme. Although Congress intended to make those who give vaccines immune from state claims, it may have failed to do so, leaving providers with their liability largely unchanged (see addendum to this article for recent congressional action). The most pervasive uncertainty is that the Act is designed to self-destruct and may soon return vaccine-injured children, manufacturers, and providers to the state of the law before Congress acted.
Translanguaging in Today's Classrooms: A Biliteracy Lens

As US classrooms approach a decade of response to No Child Left Behind, many questions and concerns remain around the education of those labeled as English language learners, in mainstream, English as a Second Language, and bilingual education classrooms. A national policy context where standardized tests dominate curriculum and instruction, and first language literacy is discouraged and undervalued, poses unusual challenges for learners whose communicative repertoires encompass translanguaging practices. Drawing on ethnographic data from two different educational contexts, we argue via a continua of biliteracy lens that the welcoming of translanguaging in classrooms is not only necessary, but desirable educational practice. We suggest that Obama's current policies, on the one hand, and our schools' glaring needs, on the other, offer new spaces to be exploited for innovative programs, curricula, and practices that recognize, value, and build on the communicative repertoires and translanguaging practices o...
Interaction of macroions with the respiratory chain system of mitochondria and heart-muscle particles

Summary Studies have been made of the influence of salts and polyions on several activities of water-washed mitochondria and heart-muscle particles: cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1), NADH cytochrome c reductase and NADH oxidase, Polycations inhibit all enzyme activities involving reaction with soluble cytochrome c to about the same extent. The NADH oxidase activity of heart-muscle particles is not inhibited by amounts of the polycations which completely inhibit the other activities. The cytochrome c oxidase activity of the heart-muscle particles is very sensitive to the concentration of salts in the reaction medium, while the NADH cytochrome c reductase activity is relatively insensitive. The inhibition of the cytochrome c oxidase activity of water-washed mitochondria, but not of heart-muscle particles, increases on preincubation of the preparations with polycations and increases still more rapidly during turnover of the oxidase. Large quantities of cytochrome c are adsorbed by both mitochondria and heart-muscle particles at low ionic strength. There appears to be a rapid exchange between the adsorbed cytochrome c and the cytochrome c in solution. The data emphasize the differences in structure of the respiratory chain system of swollen mitochondria and small membrane fragments and show several aspects of the reaction of the endogenous cytochrome c of the mitochondrial system with neighboring members of the electron-transport chain.
Bone marrow origin of cells with capacity for homing and differentiation to esophageal squamous epithelium.

Abstract Epperly, M. W., Guo, H., Shen, H., Niu, Y., Zhang, X., Jefferson, M., Sikora, C. A. and Greenberger, J. S. Bone Marrow Origin of Cells with Capacity for Homing and Differentiation to Esophageal Squamous Epithelium. Radiat. Res. 162, 233–240 (2004). Our goal was to determine whether esophageal progenitor cells could be isolated from adult mouse esophagus or bone marrow and shown to home to and proliferate in the irradiated esophagus of recipient mice. Esophageal progenitor cells were isolated from adult male C3H/HeNsd or C57BL/6J green fluorescent protein (GFP+) mice by a serial in vitro preplate technique or the technique of side population cell sorting. When injected intravenously (i.v.), these cells homed to the 30-Gy-irradiated esophagus of GFP− female recipient mice and formed donor-origin esophageal foci. GFP+ whole murine bone marrow cells injected i.v. also formed donor-origin esophageal squamous cell foci and protected recipient GFP− mice from upper-body irradiation in a cell dose-depende...
Computer education in the management curriculum at Pace University

The paper describes the integration of computer science education in the management curriculum at Pace University. The computer courses required to be taken by management majors are described in detail. Moreover, the course objects for management students within the context of the computer science material is detailed. The paper also stresses the need for management students to understand the use of the computer as a tool to assist the manager in the decision making process.
Sensory evaluation as a tool in breeding potatoes for french fries and flakes

Standardized sensory evaluation of advanced breeding clones developed in the research program of the Horticulture Department at North Dakota State University has been conducted annually since 1980. Procedures used by the USDA-ARS Potato Research Laboratory for processing tubers into partially fried french fries or flakes are described along with the procedures used for finish-frying of the fries and rehydrating the flakes in preparation for sensory evaluation in the Food and Nutrition Department at North Dakota State University. Following brief training, panelists evaluate the fries and flakes from each clone in triplicate for color, flavor, and texture. Procedures for determining length of fries and limpness of fry strips are described. Samples of 334 clones prepared as french fries and 135 clones prepared as flakes have been evaluated. Examples are given of types of data collected with interpretation of results in relationship to their use in the breeding program.
Need for dental care in older veterans: assessment of patient-based measures.

Objectives There is a need for brief and accurate identification of older patients in need of dental care. This study examines the sensitivity and specificity of two screening instruments. Design Cross-sectional study conducted in older community-dwelling male veterans. Setting Four Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics in greater Boston and the VA Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS). Participants Two hundred thirty-two participants from the Veterans Health Study (VHS) who were outpatients in one of four Department of Veterans Affairs clinics in greater Boston and 206 participants from the VA DLS, community-dwelling veterans who do not use VA for their health care. Measurements Self-report measures included a single-item global self-report of oral health (OH-1) and a six-item dental screening measure called the D-E-N-T-A-L. The D-E-N-T-A-L queries whether participants have Dry mouth, Eating or swallowing problems, Not had a dental examination in the last 2 years, Tooth or mouth problems, Altered eating habits because of teeth or mouth, or Lesions or sores in the mouth. The criterion standard for need for treatment was determined by a clinical examination. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated and receiver operating characteristic curves plotted to identify the best cutpoints for each measure. Results Need for care was nearly universal (97%) in the VHS and present in 64% of the DLS participants. The single-item self-report of oral health performed as well as the D-E-N-T-A-L in identifying persons in need of care. Compared with the clinical criterion, the OH-1 had a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.67 in identifying persons with severe need for denture care, whereas the D-E-N-T-A-L had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.62 in identifying persons with severe periodontal need. Conclusion Self-reports of fair or poor oral health are useful in identifying veterans in need of dental care, especially in populations with a large number of persons who do not usually use dental care. The D-E-N-T-A-L may also be useful as a self-screening measure and community education device to encourage older persons to seek regular dental care.
Responses of whole-animal and isolated hearts of ground squirrels, Citellus lateralis to melatonin.

Abstract 1. The pineal hormone, melatonin, has been demonstrated to influence hibernation in the ground squirrel, C. lateralis. Daily subcutaneous injections of a commercial preparation of melatonin resulted in an increase in the incidence and duration of hibernation. 2. Isolated hearts from hibernating and non-hibernating ground squirrels had a depressed duration of electrical activity when melatonin was present in the bathing solution.
Dysfunctional Attitudes and Affective Responses to Daily Stressors: Separating Cognitive, Genetic, and Clinical Influences on Stress Reactivity

Despite decades of research examining diathesis-stress models of emotional disorders, it remains unclear whether dysfunctional attitudes interact with stressful experiences to shape affect on a daily basis and, if so, how clinical and genetic factors influence these associations. To address these issues, we conducted a multi-level daily diary study that examined how dysfunctional attitudes and stressful events relate to daily fluctuations in negative and positive affect in 104 young adults. Given evidence that clinical and genetic factors underlie stress sensitivity, we also examined how daily affect is influenced by internalizing and externalizing symptoms and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype, which have been shown to influence neural, endocrine, and affective responses to stress. In multivariate models, internalizing symptoms and BDNF Val66Met genotype independently predicted heightened negative affect on stressful days, but dysfunctional attitudes did not. Specifically, the BDNF Met allele and elevated baseline internalizing symptomatology predicted greater increases in negative affect in stressful circumstances. These data are the first to demonstrate that BDNF genotype and stress are jointly associated with daily fluctuations in negative affect, and they challenge the assumption that maladaptive beliefs play a strong independent role in determining affective responses to everyday stressors. The results may thus inform the development of new multi-level theories of psychopathology and guide future research on predictors of affective lability.
Olfactory loss in aging

Olfactory loss is a common age-related complaint that may be caused by changes in the anatomy of the structures required for olfaction (for example, loss of olfactory receptor cells) or in the environment surrounding the receptor cell (for example, altered nasal mucus composition). However, aging, as well as age-related diseases and medications, may also alter the distribution, density, or function of specific receptor proteins, ion channels, or signaling molecules that affect the ability of neural elements throughout the olfactory pathway to signal and process odorant information. Although a great deal has been learned about the prevalence and nature of age-related olfactory loss, we are just beginning to explore avenues to prevent or alleviate this sensory deficit. Some studies suggest that, rather than being a necessary outcome of aging, age-associated factors such as chronic diseases, medications, and dental and sinus problems are the primary culprits in causing olfactory impairment. This idea suggests optimism in that, as we address these other age-related health issues, the prevalence of olfactory loss will lessen as well.
Structural change and financing constraints

Abstract In a multi-industry growth model, firms need external funds for productivity-enhancing R&D, and face financing constraints. The cost of research differs across industries, so financing constraints hinder industry productivity growth unevenly. Equilibrium industry dynamics map into a differences-in-differences regression specification where industry growth depends on the interaction between country financial development and industry R&D intensity. The paper provides a framework for interpreting several empirical results that rely on industry growth data in terms of R&D-induced technology transfer, and identifies a new channel for finance to encourage aggregate growth: the reallocation of resources towards sectors with rapidly expanding technological frontiers.
Crystallization of Histidyl-tRNA Synthetase from Escherichia coli

Abstract Histidyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli was over-expressed and purified by Q Sepharose and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Crystals of the complex containing histidtyl-tRNA synthetase, ATP and histidine have been grown by vapor diffusion against reservoirs containing 0·1 M Tris (pH 7·4), 0·5 M NaCl and 10% polyethylene glycol 6000. Under these conditions, two crystal forms are obtained. The triclinic form has unit cell dimensions a=61·3 A, b=108·5 A, c =110·2 A, α = 115·1°, β = 90·2° and γ = 97·2°. The monoclinic form, space group P21, has cell dimensions a = 61·2 A, b = 109·7 A, c = 196·7 A and β = 98·1°. Both crystal forms diffract up to 2·7 A, and are stable in the synchrotron been. Assuming a dimeric mass of 96,000 daltons and Vm value of 3·4 A3/dalton, the asymmetric unit in both forms contains two dimers with a solvent content of approximately 60%. A 3·7 A resolution native dataset with an Rmerge on intensities of 7·9% has been collected from the monoclinic crystal form.
Homeland attack and homepage response: a preliminary review of affected business entities’ online corroboration/explanation of September 11 economic impact

Abstract This research examines the reporting of negative economic impact resulting from September 11, 2001 terrorism incidents. Student researchers who coordinated the project began with MSNBC’s World Wide Web-based “Layoff List” containing the names of corporate entities that claimed economic harm from the terrorist attacks. Students identified business problems and categorized resulting responses (taken or proposed) reported by MSNBC. Then, a content analysis was conducted of affected firms’ institutional Web sites for corroboration and/or explanation of the claimed economic injury. Although 99% of the business entities subjected to study had institutional Web sites, 84% of the firms made no mention of injury claim(s) on their institutional site. Among entities which did make online corroboration/explanation of media reports, fewer than half did so with detailed financial reports and most used rhetorical strategies that made business issues sound ambiguous while focusing blame for problems on variables outside the organization’s control.
Photodetachment cross sections

Abstract Photodetachment is a fundamental ionization process by which electrons are ejected from negative ions following the absorption of photons. Electron correlation plays a more enhanced role in photodetachment than in photoionization. Experimentally measured photodetachment cross sections serve to guide theory since they constitute sensitive tests of the appropriateness of wavefunctions used in calculations. The status of interacting beam measurements of photodetachment cross sections is reviewed.
Testing DSM-IV Definition of Atypical Depression

The definition of atypical depression (AD) has recently seen a rebirth of studies, as the evidence supporting DSM-IV atypical features criteria is weak. Study aim was to test the validity of DSM-IV definition of AD. Consecutive 202 major depressive disorder (MDD) and 281 bipolar II outpatients were interviewed, during a major depressive episode (MDE), with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The relationships of DSM-IV AD versus variables often reported to distinguish AD and non-AD (gender, age, onset, bipolar II, axis I comorbidity, MDE severity, residual MDE symptoms, depressive mixed state), and versus bipolar family history, were tested. Each DSM-IV AD symptom's relationship with the variables found significantly associated to DSM-IV AD was then tested, in order to assess the degree of concordance among all AD symptoms. Associations were tested by univariate logistic regression (STATA 7). Frequency of DSM-IV AD was 42.8%. DSM-IV AD was significantly more common in bipolar II versus MDD (53.7% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.0000). DSM-IV AD significant associations were the following: bipolar II, female gender, lower age, lower age of onset, residual MDE symptoms, axis I comorbidity, psychotic features, depressive mixed state, and bipolar family history. Testing associations of each DSM-IV AD symptom versus the variables found associated to DSM-IV AD showed high concordance. All AD symptoms were significantly associated with DSM-IV AD, and with most study variables. Results support the current DSM-IV definition of AD.
Priming and search processes in semantic memory: a test of three models of spreading activation

How does the strength of an association determine the speed with which the association can be retrieved? Three alternative classes of spreading activation models were developed and tested. All three models hypothesize a two-stage retrieval process consisting of an initial process of activation of associates of a concept node, followed by a process of selection of activated associations for evaluation. One class of models hypothesizes that strength influences the duration of the activation process and thereby the duration of the retrieval process; a second class of models claims that the speed of activation of an association is independent of strength, but that strong associations are activated to a higher level than weak associations and so are selected faster for further processing; a third class proposes effects of strength on both the duration of the activation process and the level of activation of an association. Three priming experiments were conducted to discriminate the models. In all three experiments, the strength of the prime—probe relation and the interval between prime and probe presentation (SOA) were varied. RT to make a positive response in a categorization task was the dependent variable of interest in Experiment 1; Experiments 2 and 3 examined priming effects in a naming task. The effects of SOA and strength were independent in all three experiments. The findings were interpreted as supporting those models which claim that strength influences only the level of activation of an association.
Optimizing bandwidth and power of graphics memory with hybrid memory technologies and adaptive data migration

While GPUs are designed to hide memory latency with massive multi-threading, the tremendous demands for memory bandwidth and power consumption constrain the system performance scaling. In this paper, we propose a hybrid graphics memory architecture with different memory technologies (DRAM, STT-RAM, and RRAM), to improve the memory bandwidth and reduce the power consumption. In addition, we present an adaptive data migration mechanism that exploits various memory access patterns of GPGPU applications for further memory power reduction. We evaluate our design with a set of multi-threaded GPU workloads. Compared to traditional GDDR5 memory, our design leads to 16% of GPU system power reduction, and improves the system throughput and energy efficiency by 12% and 33%.
An efficient algorithm for computing the primitive bases of a general lattice plane

The atomistic structures of interfaces and their properties are profoundly influenced by the underlying crystallographic symmetries. Whereas the theory of bicrystallography helps in understanding the symmetries of interfaces, an efficient methodology for computing the primitive basis vectors of the two-dimensional lattice of an interface does not exist. In this article, an algorithm for computing the basis vectors for a plane with Miller indices (hkl) in an arbitrary lattice system is presented. This technique is expected to become a routine tool for both computational and experimental analysis of interface structures.
LiDAR inpainting from a single image

Range scans produced by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) intrinsically suffer from “shadows” of missing data cast on surfaces by occluding objects. In this paper, we show how a single additional image of the scene from a different perspective can be used to automatically fill in high-detail structure in these shadow regions. The technique is inspired by inpainting algorithms from the computer vision literature, intelligently filling in missing information by exploiting the observation that similar image regions often correspond to similar 3D geometry. We first create an example database of image patch/3D geometry pairs from the non-occluded parts of the LiDAR scan, describing each uniform-scale region in 3D with a rotationally invariant image descriptor. We then iteratively select the best location on the current shadow boundary based on the amount of known supporting geometry, filling in blocks of 3D geometry using the best match from the example database and a local 3D registration. We demonstrate that our algorithm can generate realistic, high-detail new geometry in several synthetic and real-world examples.
Locked-in syndrome after intrathecal cytosine arabinoside therapy for malignant immunoblastic lymphoma

A 22-year-old man with malignant immunoblastic lymphoma had "locked-in" syndrome within 48 hours of receiving a single (100 mg) dose of intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) in conjunction with intravenous ara-C, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Eight hours after therapy, the patient had central hypoventilation and blurred vision that progressed to blindness within 3 hours. During the next 10 hours, he became completely quadriplegic but remained intermittently alert and was able to respond to commands by eye or head movements. Radiographic studies showed necrosis of the medulla and swelling of the entire spinal cord. The patient persisted in a locked-in state until his death 3 weeks later, after removal of life support systems. Autopsy confirmed extensive necrosis of the lower medulla, optic chiasm, cranial nerves I and IV, and spinal cord. This case was unusual for its severity. The temporal relationship to ara-C instillation favors a toxic idiosyncratic response to chemotherapy. The authors advocate caution when bolus intrathecal and intravenous ara-C are administered to a patient within a short time of each other.
Structure of nonevaporating sprays. I - Initial conditions and mean properties

Structure measurements were completed within the dilute portion of axisymmetric nonevaporating sprays. Measurements included: mean velocities, velocity fluctuations, and Reynolds stress of the gas phase; and mean velocities, fluctuating velocities, mass flux, and diameter distributions of the drop phase. The measurements were used to evaluate three typical methods of analyzing sprays: (1) a locally homogeneous flow (LHF) analysis, where slip between the phases is neglected; (2) a deterministic separated flow (DSF) analysis, where slip is considered but effects of drop interactions with turbulence are ignored; and (3) a stochastic separated flow (SSF) analysis, where effects of both slip and turbulence are considered using random-walk computations for drop motion. Measurements of initial conditions of both phases near the injector, mean gas-phase properties, and liquid flux distributions are described herein. Best agreement between predictions and measurements was obtained with the SSF model, which provided a reasonable representation of turbulent dispersion of drops. A companion paper presents additional measurements of drop continuous phase properties.
A generalization of the Lane–Emden equation

Abstract We consider a class of second-order initial-value problems, which includes the well-known Lane–Emden equation from astrophysics as a special case. Local existence, global existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven.
Protected Species Bycatch Estimating Approaches: Estimating Harbor Porpoise Bycatch in U.S. Northwestern Atlantic Gillnet Fisheries

Harbor porpoise bycatch estimates for federally managed gillnet fisheries in northwestern Atlantic US waters were calculated for a nine-year period (1999–2007) using two new methods, and the results were compared to the traditionally used stratified ratio estimation method. The aims of this research were to improve on the existing methods for estimating harbor porpoise bycatch for the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic US gillnet fisheries, to provide insight into the causes of harbor porpoise bycatch, and to compare bycatch estimation techniques that could be applied to other fisheries and species. The new methods included a model approach, and a ratio estimation approach that incorporated variables from both the regression model and the existing ratio estimation method. Initially, bycatch was modeled using a GAM forward stepwise process and included testing numerous variables describing the time, duration, and location of the fishing gear, the fishing gear configuration, and the environmental characteristics of the fished waters. The final model was simplified to a GLM and included variables describing port groupings, seasons, bottom depth, stretched mesh size, and year categories. The new mixed variable ratio estimation approach calculated both the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic bycatch estimates within the same framework by using the port groupings and mesh size variables from the model, and the season variable from the traditional ratio estimating approach. Bycatch estimates for the entire study area were similar between modeling and ratio estimator approaches, though estimates for the two new techniques were more stable from year to year in areas with less observed bycatch. The CVs for the model based estimates were much lower than ratio based estimates, and CVs for the two ratio estimation approaches were similar to each other. However, the model CVs may have been artificially low, as the model may have been over-parameterized in an attempt to accurately calculate annual estimates. Despite some differences, the estimates were not significantly different between approaches for the majority of comparisons.
Optical detection of the zero field splittings in the phosphorescent triplet state of neat SO2 crystals

Abstract The zero field transition energies in the phosphorescent triplet state of neat SO 2 are directly measured by optical detection at 1.4°K, leading to | D | = 0.275 cm −1 and | E | = 0.0157 5 cm −1 for the usual spin hamiltonian parameters. Two spin states are found to be active in the phosphorescence with the dominant spin state having a lifetime of 2 msec.
In situ and in vitro impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Most established virulence genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp), e.g., thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), tdh-related hemolysin (trh), and type three secretion system 2 (TTSS2), are on the chromosome 2 pathogenicity island, which also possesses numerous uncharacterized genes. We hypothesized the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill would cause an increase in populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying environmental adaptation genes. Vp isolated pre- and post-spill were analyzed for TTSS2 genes, and impacts of DH oil on Vp were examined in vitro. There was no change in TTSS2 in situ, but tdh and V. vulnificus levels were higher post-spill. In vitro exposure of water samples to DH oil produced no changes in Vp densities. Two years post-spill, total Vp remained low; tdh and trh increased. These results indicate the effects of the DH oil spill on potentially pathogenic Vp subpopulations were complex and difficult to discern from other concurrent anthropogenic and natural events.
Searching for meaning in language: A memoir

Dans le cadre de cet article a caractere autobiographique, l'A. retrace son parcours linguistique et le met en parallele avec l'evolution de l'etude des sciences du langage, depuis ses etudes a Yale dans les annees 1950 jusque dans les annees 2000. Son but est de mieux faire comprendre la nature meme du langage et comment celui-ci est en rapport avec la totalite de l'experience humaine. Il fait aussi l'etat des recherches qui seraient interessantes a poursuivre dans les annees a venir.
Iridium enrichment in volcanic dust from blue ice fields, Antarctica, and possible relevance to the K/T boundary event

The analysis of samples of volcanic ash dust layers from the Lewis Cliff/Beardmore Glacier in Antarctica shows that some of the samples contain Ir concentrations up to 7.5 ppb. It is shown that the Ir is positively correlated with Se, As, Sb, and other volcanogenic elements. The results show that Ir may be present in some volcanic ash deposits, suggesting that the Ir in the K/T boundary clays is not necessarily of cosmic origin, but may have originated from mantle reservoirs tapped during extensive volcanic eruptions possibly triggered by impact events.
Pactamycin Made Easy

Natural products—small molecules isolated from plants, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms—continue to serve as an important source of chemical tools for the study of biological systems and disease pathology, as well as new drugs. One example is the natural product pactamycin, which has been instrumental in the investigation of ribosome structure and function (1, 2). However, the structural complexity of this small molecule has historically rendered it—and by extension its unnatural analogs—synthetically inaccessible, hindering efforts at the development of pactamycin-derived therapeutics. On page 180 of this issue, Malinowski et al. (3) report a total chemical synthesis of pactamycin that elegantly addresses this challenge and opens a new chapter in the story of this natural product
Simple and Effective Carrier Sensing Adaptation for Multi Rate Ad-Hoc MESH Networks

Adaptive Physical Carrier Sensing(PCS) based on tuning the PCS threshold has been shown to be an effective michanism for improving aggregate network throughput. However, earlier work [3] assumed a single link rate and a common PCS threshold for the entire network, as appropriate for a regular 2-D lattice grid of nodes with constant link (1-hop) distances. In an adhoc network topology, the 1-hop link distances vary significantly and a single PCS threshold is no longer suitable. Because IEEE 802.11 a/b/g networks provide multiple data rates over any link, joint tuning of the link rate and PCS threshold is thus desirable for achieving optimal aggregate throughput for ad-hoc networks. In this work, we first propose a simple yet effective principle for the above optimization. Next, we use the intuition offered by these formulations to suggest run-time adaptive solutions in OPNET simulations. We restrict ourselves to 1-dimensional random linear networks primarily to corroborate analysis with simulations and defer results with other topologies for future work.
Shared Understanding of Parental Differential Treatment in Families.

This study examined the extent to which children and parents have concordant views about parental differential treatment (PDT) and whether such concordance is linked with variations in sibling relationship quality. Seventy-four 11- to 13-year-old children, their older siblings, and their parents were interviewed about their experiences with PDT and the quality of the children’s sibling relationships. Levels of agreement about the magnitude, direction, and fairness of PDT were generally low to moderate. However, sibling agreement about the magnitude of parental differential affection and the fairness of maternal control and affection were associated with more positive sibling relationships. Whereas family members were more likely to agree that parental behaviors were fair when they were concordant about the extent to which differential affection occurred, agreement about controlling behaviors was associated with lower levels of agreement about fairness. In addition, the frequency of family discussions about parental behaviors was not linked to shared perceptions of fairness. Results emphasize that capturing the multiple perspectives of family members is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive portrayal of family relationships.
Surviving a Distance Learning Accreditation Visit

Columbus State University (CSU) was the first higher education institution in Georgia to experience an on-site distance learning program review by the regional accreditation agency, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Library services and personnel are essential in the support and delivery of distance learning at CSU and were therefore critical elements in the SACS review. The role of the library, campus preparations, the on-site visit, and the review outcomes are discussed in this paper. Initiated by a substantive change in the quantity of distance learning offerings, CSU's accreditation experience can prove beneficial to others as there is a similarity in the review process despite differences among institutions and accreditation agencies.
Abstract 2172: Anti-oncogenic role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/β (PPARδ/α) involves inhibition of mitosis and regulation of Hras1-induced senescence

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Ligand activation of PPARδ/α inhibits chemically-induced skin tumorigenesis and Pparα/α-null mice exhibit enhanced chemically-induced skin tumorigenesis compared to wild-type mice. The mechanism that mediates inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by PPARδ/α is still being unraveled and was examined in this study. Ligand activation of PPARδ/α caused a negative selection against cells expressing higher levels of HRAS by inducing a mitotic block. Mitosis-related genes that are predominantly regulated by E2F were induced to a higher level in HRAS-expressing Pparα/α-null keratinocytes as compared to HRAS-expressing wild-type keratinocytes. Ligand activated PPARδ/α repressed expression of these genes by direct binding with p130/p107, facilitating nuclear translocation, and increasing promoter recruitment of p130/p107. In addition, co-treatment with a PPARδ/α ligand and various mitosis inhibitors increases the efficacy of increasing G2/M arrest. PPARδ/α is also required for HRAS-induced senescence and suppression of malignant conversion of benign papillomas. HRAS-expressing Pparα/α-null keratinocytes evade senescence by utilizing the PI3K-AKT rather than the MEK-ERK pathway. PPARδ/α positively regulates MEK-ERK pathway by maintaining RASGRP1 levels and negatively regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway by repressing ILK and PDPK1 expression. Heightened AKT activity increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in Pparα/α-null keratinocytes, which in turn helps maintain higher AKT activity, leading to evasion of senescence. In addition, enhanced HRAS activity increases the synthesis of endogenous PPARδ/α ligands, thus providing a PPARδ/α-dependent cell-autonomous mechanism to suppress HRAS-induced carcinogenesis. (Supported by CA124533). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2172. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2172