cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ring-closing photoisomerization of some 2,6-diarylstyrenes.

The structure, spectroscopy and photochemical reactions of three symmetrical 2,6-diarylstyrenes (aryl5phenyl, 2-furyl and 2-thiophenyl) have been investigated. The ground-state structures are highly nonplanar, having large aryl-phenyl and vinylphenyl dihedral angles. All three diarylstyrenes have broad UV absorption bands attributed to allowed, delocalized p,p* (highest occupied molecular orbit–lowest unoccupied molecular orbit) transitions. The 2-furylstyrene is weakly fluorescent, with a large Stokes shift attributed to a change in geometry from the nonplanar ground state to a more planar singlet state. Irradiation in fluid solution results in efficient conversion of the diarylstyrenes to cyclized 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and 4,5dihydronaphthofuran or thiophene products, thus extending the scope of the 2-vinylbiphenyl photocyclization reaction to heterocyclic analogs. Irradiation at low temperatures in glassy media permits observation of the UV absorption spectra of the unstable primary photoproducts. Upon warming of the glass, these intermediates undergo rapid hydrogen migration to form the stable dihydroarene products.
SYSTEMATICS OF BATS OF THE GENUS GLOSSOPHAGA (CHIROPTERA: PHYLLOSTOMIDAE) AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY IN G. SORICINA BASED ON THE CYTOCHROME-b GENE

Systematic relationships within the 5 recognized species of Glossophaga were assessed using the complete cytochrome-b gene (1,140 base pairs). Our samples from 4 species, G. commissarisi, G. leachi, G. longirostris,and G. morenoi, show little intraspecific geographic subdivision. Alternatively, G. soricina has a major mtDNA subdivision that may reflect 2 biological species. Our data suggest that G. soricina is the sister taxon to the remainder of the genus, G. leachi and G. longirostris are sister taxa, and the position of G. morenoi is unresolved, placed either with the G. leachi‐G. longirostris clade or with the G. commissarisi clade. Distance values among G. morenoi, G. commissarisi, G. longirostris,and G. leachi were similar, suggesting a similar time of speciation for these 4 species.
Rationale and design of A Trial of Sertraline vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for End-stage Renal Disease Patients with Depression (ASCEND)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Despite the high prevalence and robust data demonstrating an independent association between depression and poor clinical and patient-reported outcomes, MDD is under-treated when identified in such patients. This may in part be due to the paucity of evidence confirming the safety and efficacy of treatments for depression in this population. It is also unclear whether HD patients are interested in receiving treatment for depression. ASCEND (Clinical Trials Identifier Number NCT02358343), A Trial of Sertraline vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for End-stage Renal Disease Patients with Depression, was designed as a multi-center, 12-week, open-label, randomized, controlled trial of prevalent HD patients with comorbid MDD or dysthymia. It will compare (1) a single Engagement Interview vs. a control visit for the probability of initiating treatment for comorbid depression in up to 400 patients; and (2) individual chair-side CBT vs. flexible-dose treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, sertraline, for improvement of depressive symptoms in 180 of the up to 400 patients. The evolution of depressive symptoms will also be examined in a prospective longitudinal cohort of 90 HD patients who choose not to be treated for depression. We discuss the rationale and design of ASCEND, the first large-scale randomized controlled trial evaluating efficacy of non-pharmacologic vs. pharmacologic treatment of depression in HD patients for patient-centered outcomes.
Numerical techniques for high-throughput reflectance interference biosensing

AbstractWe have developed a robust and rapid computational method for processing the raw spectral data collected from thin film optical interference biosensors. We have applied this method to Interference Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) measurements and observed a 10,000 fold improvement in processing time, unlocking a variety of clinical and scientific applications. Interference biosensors have advantages over similar technologies in certain applications, for example highly multiplexed measurements of molecular kinetics. However, processing raw IRIS data into useful measurements has been prohibitively time consuming for high-throughput studies. Here we describe the implementation of a lookup table (LUT) technique that provides accurate results in far less time than naive methods. We also discuss an additional benefit that the LUT method can be used with a wider range of interference layer thickness and experimental configurations that are incompatible with methods that require fitting the spectral resp...
Parents as interventionists to address adolescent drug abuse

Aims: Individuals experiencing non-fatal opioid-overdose (OOD) are at heightened risk for future OODs. To date, there are no validated interventions targeting these patients. We created and piloted TTIP-PRO, a computer-facilitated, peer-delivered, individually-tailored intervention designed to (1) increase patient knowledge about OOD, and (2) encourage patients to initiate medication assisted treatment (MAT). Methods: Twopeer interventionists, individualswhohave been abstinent from illicit opioids for at least a year, enrolled inMAT, and have personal experience with OOD, were recruited from the institution’s MAT clinic by word of mouth; the outcomes of interest were their ability to complete training and certification and their feedbackon implementingTTIP-PRO.Recruitment letterswere sent topatients treated forOOD in theUCemergencydepartmentwithin the prior 8 months. Eight patients received the TTIP-PRO intervention combined with assessment before and after. Outcomes of interest were participant satisfaction with TTIP-PRO and pre-post change in (1) knowledge about OOD (risk factors for OOD, signs of OOD, appropriate response to OOD, and MAT), and (2) interest in initiating MAT. Results: Both peer interventionists completed training and certification within the designated 4h time-frame and rated their satisfaction with providing TTIP-PRO as 4 on a 4-point scale (4.0, SD=0.0). Participants’ OODknowledge increased significantly, with 69.9% (SD=12.5%) correct responses pre-TTIP-PRO and 93.6% (SD=2.5%) correct responses post-TTIP-PRO (W=8, p= .0078). Participant interest in receiving MAT, measured on a 10-point scale, increased from 8.1 (SD=3.2) pre-TTIP-PRO to 9.5 (SD=1.1) postTTIP-PRO, but this was not statistically significant (W=3, p= .25), likely reflecting a ceiling effect (5 of the 8 participants had a prerating of 10). All participants rated the helpfulness of TTIP-PRO at the maximum on a 4-point scale (4.0, SD=0.0). Conclusions: A larger study of TTIP-PRO may be warranted. Financial support: University of Cincinnati.
B12 and Folic Acid

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in older adults and predisposed to by several factors including inadequate diet, food-cobalamin malabsorption, a host of gastric and small intestinal disorders, and medications. The presentations of B12 deficiency range from the asymptomatic to hematological, neuropsychiatric, and other manifestations. Screening may be directed to those at risk and with suggestive clinical features. Diagnosis of B12 deficiency is easy and treatment is inexpensive. While hematological manifestations are reversible, neurological complications have a short window of opportunity for correction, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Folate deficiency is also common in older adults and predisposed by dietary preferences or restrictions. Folate deficiency causes reversible hematological features similar to B12 deficiency, without the neurological manifestations. Folate deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment and depression. Monitoring folate levels following supplementation is the preferred approach, rather than checking homocysteine levels.
Gun Access and Safety Practices among Older Adults.

Background. Given high rates of gun ownership among older adults, geriatric providers can assess firearm safety practices using a “5 Ls” approach: Locked; Loaded; Little children; feeling Low; and Learned owner. This study describes gun access and the “5 Ls” among US older adults. Methods. Data on the “5 Ls” from the Second Injury Control and Risk Survey (ICARIS-2), a national telephone survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were analyzed. Weighted variables were used to generate national estimates regarding prevalence of gun ownership and associated gun safety among older adults (≥55 years). Results. Of 2939 older adults, 39% (95% CI 37%–42%) reported ≥1 gun stored at home. Among those with guns at home, 21% (95% CI 18–24%) stored guns loaded and unlocked; 9.2% (95% CI 6.6–12%) had ≥1 child in household; 5.1% (95% CI 3.5–6.8%) reported past-year suicidal ideation and 3.6% (95% CI 2.1–5.2%) reported history of a suicide attempt; and 55% (95% CI 51–59%) stated that ≥1 adult had attended firearm safety workshop. Conclusion. Some older adults may be at elevated risk of firearm injury because of storage practices, suicidal thoughts, or limited safety training. Future work should assess effective approaches to reduce the risk of gun-related injuries among older adults.
Quantitative Inference of Bacterial Motility Behavior

This paper proposes a framework for automatic bacteria motile trajectories detection and motility behavior clustering. The input data is a sequence of images which contains bacteria motility information. The traditional experimental methods to identify the trajectories, and segment them to "run" and "tumble" modes are time consuming and subjective. The proposed method processes bacteria motility movies and extracts statistical features of runs and tumbles which drastically saves time, human labor, and minimizes human error. The statistics will be used in simulations to model bacteria motility. The methodology can be replicated with similar format of experimental microscopic images.
Cross-resistance and dominance relationships of pyrethroids in a permethrin-selected strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

A number of pyrethroids were tested against susceptible, heterozygous, and homozygous resistant larvae of Culex quinquefasctatus Say. Resistance levels in fully resistant individuals (18.6-fold to 1,591-fold) were primarily contingent on the presence or absence of the 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol side chain. Hybrid resistance levels (3.1- to 17.0-fold) appeared to be related to the intrinsic activity of each compound. Dominance of resistance varied, ranging from -0.569 to +0.365.
Origin of product selectivity in a prenyl transfer reaction from the same intermediate: exploration of multiple FtmPT1-catalyzed prenyl transfer pathways.

FtmPT1 is a fungal indole prenyltransferase that catalyzes the reaction of tryptophan derivatives with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to form various biologically active compounds. Herein, we describe detailed studies of FtmPT1 catalysis involving dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and Brevianamide F following the native pathway (yielding Tryprostatin B) and an alternate pathway observed in the Gly115Thr mutant of FtmPT1 yielding a novel cyclized product. Importantly, these two products arise from the same intermediate state, meaning that a step other than the cleavage of the dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP; C–O) bond is differentiating between the two product reaction channels. From detailed potential of mean force (PMF) and two-dimensional PMF analyses, we conclude that the rate-limiting step is the cleavage of the C–O bond in DMAPP, while the deprotonation/cyclization step determines the final product distribution. Hence, in the case of FtmPT1, the optimization of the necessary catalytic machinery guides the ...
Measurement of Residual Stress In TiO2 Sol-Gel Thin Films Using Raman Spectroscopy

The deposition of thin films can result in residual stresses that affect film properties such as optical properties, phase stability, chemical durability, and film adhesion. There are many components to the total residual stress measured in a film. These include interfacial stress, volume changes associated with phase transitions, film thickness, and film microstructure. For sol-gel films, some contributors to residual stress can be controlled by such variables as the precursor chemistry and gelation time or heat-treatment following deposition. Measurements of the state of stress during crystallization or as a function of processing conditions and sol-gel chemistry allows optimization of film deposition parameters that promote minimal residual stress. We have constructed a three-dimensional surface in Raman shift-pressure-temperature space from spectroscopic measurements on single crystal anatase at high pressure and temperature. Location of the Raman shift of the two Eg modes of anatase on this surface the state of stress (pressure) and temperature of the film can be determined. For materials with large Raman scattering cross-sections, such as anatase, time-resolved crystallization experiments on films as thin as 100 nm are possible. Using this technique, the evolution of the state of stress during isothermal thermal and laser-induced crystallization processes can be monitored in real time and compared to the residual stress upon cooling.
Evaluation criteria for genetically-tuned problem-solving experts

Genetic algorithms have proven to be a powerful tool in solving computationally difficult problems. We present a technique for using genetic algorithms to learn a domain-specific problem solver. This technique uses a collection of search-based problem solvers, each using a different, genetically biased search procedure. Problem solvers compete in parallel to show that their search procedure, with its genetic bias, is the best; faster systems are permitted to pass their genetics on to the next generation. We compare two different techniques for learning based on two basic policies for evaluating the fitness of a problem solver. One policy assumes that problem solvers should be equally good at all problems. The alternative fitness estimate assumes that a search procedure may be very good at one kind of problem, but very bad at other kinds of problems. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of this learning technique and compares the two different learning policies in the domain of nonlinear planning.
The Collision of Indeterminate Environments and Porter’s Forces: Uncertainty Fields and Their Impact on Entrepreneurial Alertness

In order to identify new product/market opportunities, the fields of entrepreneurship and strategy are brought closer together with a reconceptualization of Porter’s forces as data-driven components of market and industry uncertainty.
Shouting stat in a crowded theater: the epidemic of pseudoemergencies

My love affair with stat started in medical school, when I learnt medicine on ward rounds and from Robbins Textbook of Pathology and the TV drama ER. Stat commanded but was not a commandment. Derived from statim , meaning immediate, stat recognized that the patient’s clinical course was doomed unless we intervened. It was Newton’s first law of motion, in motion. “CBC, Chem 7, cross match, and six units of blood. Stat. ” “Tension pneumothorax, he needs a chest tube. Stat. ” Stat crystallized acute medicine—urgent, instinctive, and consequential. It raised us above the parapet. No gratitude was needed. Stat , please didn’t have the same ring to it. Stat …
A very high level programming language for data processing applications

Application development today is too labor-intensive. In recent years, very high-level languages have been increasingly explored as a solution to this problem. The Business Definition Language (BDL) is such a language, one aimed at business data processing problems. The concepts in BDL mimic those which have evolved through the years in businesses using manual methods. This results in three different sublanguages or components: one for defining the business forms, one for describing the business organization, and one for writing calculations.
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality of breast cancer patients. The mechanism underlying cancer cell metastasis, including breast cancer metastasis, is largely unknown and is a focus in cancer research. Various breast cancer spontaneous metastasis mouse models have been established. Here, we report a simplified procedure to establish orthotopic transplanted breast cancer primary tumor and resultant spontaneous metastasis that mimic human breast cancer metastasis. Combined with the bioluminescence live tumor imaging, this mouse model allows tumor growth and progression kinetics to be monitored and quantified. In this model, a low dose (1 x 104 cells) of 4T1-Luc breast cancer cells was injected into BALB/c mouse mammary fat pad using a tuberculin syringe. Mice were injected with luciferin and imaged at various time points using a bioluminescent imaging system. When the primary tumors grew to the size limit as in the IACUC-approved protocol (approximately 30 days), mice were anesthetized under constant flow of 2% isoflurane and oxygen. The tumor area was sterilized with 70% ethanol. The mouse skin around the tumor was excised to expose the tumor which was removed with a pair of sterile scissors. Removal of the primary tumor extends the survival of the 4T-1 tumor-bearing mice for one month. The mice were then repeatedly imaged for metastatic tumor spreading to distant organs. Therapeutic agents can be administered to suppress tumor metastasis at this point. This model is simple and yet sensitive in quantifying breast cancer cell growth in the primary site and progression kinetics to distant organs, and thus is an excellent model for studying breast cancer growth and progression, and for testing anti-metastasis therapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents in vivo.
Trauma patients who present in a delayed fashion: a unique and challenging population

Abstract Background A proportion of trauma patients present for evaluation in a delayed fashion after injury, likely due to a variety of medical and nonmedical reasons. There has been little investigation into the characteristics and outcomes of trauma patients who present delayed. We hypothesize that trauma patients who present in a delayed fashion are a unique population at risk of increased trauma-related complications. Materials and methods This was a retrospective review from 2010-2015 at a Level I trauma center. Patients were termed delayed if they presented >24 hours after injury. Patients admitted within 24 hours of their injury were the comparison group. Charts were reviewed for demographics, mechanism, comorbidities, complications and outcomes. A subgroup analysis was done on patients who suffered falls. Results During the 5-y period, 11,705 patients were admitted. A total of 588 patients (5%) presented >24 h after their injury. Patients in the delayed group were older (65 versus 55 y, P P = 0.0001) than the control group. They were also more likely to suffer substance withdrawal (8.9% vs. 4.1%, P Conclusions Trauma patients that present to the hospital in a delayed fashion have unique characteristics and are more likely to suffer negative outcomes including substance withdrawal. Future goals will include exploring strategies for early intervention, such as automatic withdrawal monitoring and social work referral for all patients who present in a delayed fashion.
Assessment of Protein-Protein Interactions in the FtsBLQ Complex using Fluorescence In Vitro

Cell division is an essential and challenging process in the bacteria life cycle. Bacterial cell division is performed by the divisome, a complex consisting primarily of membrane proteins. Three of such membrane proteins, FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ form a complex that is recruited during the middle stage of the assembly of the divisome. The FtsBLQ complex is essential for the recruitment of the downstream components that are responsible for the remodeling of the cell wall during cell division. The specific functional role of the FtsBLQ complex and the structural organization of the complex, however, are not yet well understood. To address this, we have developed a fluorescence-based assay to assess the interactions that stabilize the association of FtsQ to the preformed FtsBL complex in vitro. With such assay, we have been investigating how specific mutations affect the formation of the complex, as well as the possibility to disrupt the interaction by competition. Such approach could potentially lead to the developments of molecules that specifically target the FtsBLQ complex and control bacterial division.
Negative-Order KdV and Negative-Order KP Equations: Multiple Soliton Solutions

The negative-order Korteweg-de Vries (nKdV) equation and negative-order Kadomtsev–Petvishvili (nKP) equation in (2+1) dimensions are developed. We use the simplified form of the Hirota’s direct method to derive multiple soliton solutions for both nKdV and the nKP equations. Multiple soliton solutions for the nKdV equation exist for free coefficients . However, constraint conditions that will guarantee the existence of multiple soliton solutions for the nKP equation are investigated.
Sex Bias in the Japanese Courts

Wolff (2007) argues that female judges in Japan experience statistically significant pay discrimination. To document his assertion, he compares the mean values for men and women among judges hired in the 1960s. I use multivariate regressions to test his claim with new data on all judges hired between 1978 and 1981. I find (a) that women brought qualifications comparable to the men, (b) that women received initial postings as attractive as the men, (c) that women accepted inter-city transfers in their careers at the same rates as the men, and (d) that women were not more likely to quit their jobs than the men. Although I find (i) that women were underrepresented among those judges who specialized in administrative rather than judicial work, I also find (ii) that women did not climb the pay scale significantly more slowly than the men. Wolff's pay discrimination results are apparently an artifact of an earlier era.
Love and Intimacy, Psychology of

Love and intimacy are among the most important properties of adult close relationships. Existing research on love distinguishes two primary types of love, passionate love and companionate love. Research on the passionate love identifies its physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components. From the standpoint of evolution, one of the most important functions of passionate love is to attract potential reproductive partners to each other, thereby facilitating the development of mating relationships. Companionate love, on the other hand, is better described in terms of processes such as intimacy, which is a central dimension to friendship development. Intimacy is one of the most important processes used to describe close relationships, including, but not limited to, romantic relationships. Self-disclosure is one of the most popular conceptualizations of intimacy. Other relevant processes include nonverbal communication and perceived partner responsiveness.
Is there an interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition and p16-status in patients (pts) with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer: A retrospective analysis.

6061 Background: Conflicting data exists about whether EGFR inhibition is more or less effective in pts with p16 positive or negative oropharynx cancer (OPC). We update results from two institution...
Giant a waves.

A 24-year-old man with a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve related to a history of infective endocarditis secondary to intravenous drug use was admitted to the hospital with fever and dyspnoea over the course of 2–3 weeks in the context of recidivism. On examination, the temperature was 38.0°C and the respiratory rate 24 breaths per minute. Qualitative analysis of the jugular venous waveform revealed the usual components, including two peaks, the a and v waves, and two troughs, the x and y descents. However, the first peak was more pronounced than usual, an abnormality known as a giant a wave. These waves coincided with a late diastolic murmur heard over the left lower sternal border that …
Nanotribological Studies of Chromium Thin Films

Systematic nanotribological studies of Cr thin films using nanoscratch and AFM techniques are presented. Constant and ramped loading scratches were made using a Nano Indenter II system at various loads (1mN, 2.5mN and 5mN). Extensive AFM studies of the scratch wear tracks have been performed after scratching. The dependence of the displacement, residual wear depth, percent elastic recovery, and friction coefficient on load in constant load and ramped load tests is compared. Under the same (maximum) load, constant load tests exhibit higher displacements, residual depths and friction coefficients but lower percent elastic recoveries. Detailed AFM observations of the wear tracks indicate that significant differences in lateral deformation accompany the observed displacement differences.
Energy dissipation mapping of cancer cells.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to map the energy dissipation of Jurkat cells using a single 60 nanosecond pulse electric field (NsPEF), primarily through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The phase shift is generated by the sample elements that do not have a heterogeneous surface. Monitoring and manipulating the phase shift is a powerful way for determining the dissipated energy and plotting the topography. The dissipated energy is a relative value, so the silica wafer and cover slip are given a set reference while the transmission of energy between the tip of the cantilever and cell surfaces is measured. The most important finding is that the magnitude and the number of variations in the dissipated energy change with the strength of NsPEF applied. Utilizing a single low field strength NsPEF (15 kV/cm), minor changes in dissipated energy were found. The application of a single high field strength NsPEF (60 kV/cm) to Jurkat cells resulted in a higher dissipated energy change versus that of in the low field strength condition. Thus, the dissipated energy from the Jurkat cells changes with the strength of NsPEF. By analyzing the forces via investigation in the tapping mode of the AFM, the stabilization of the cytoskeleton and membrane of the cell are related to the strength of NsPEF applied. Furthermore, the strength of NsPEF indicates a meaningful relationship to the survival of the Jurkat cells.
Celebrating the Contributions of Three Women to Mathematics Teaching and Learning

This chapter celebrates the lives and accomplishments of three women mathematics educators whom the author has had the privilege to know. The three women are Ruth Afflack (California State University Long Beach), Natalie Ambrose (Immaculate Heart High School), and Teri Perl (The Learning Company), two of whom were highly engaged in the Association for Women in Mathematics during its early years. All three were mathematics teachers at some point in their lives, but all three were also agents of change. This chapter summarizes many of their professional accomplishments and the impacts of their outreach and activism during the latter half of the 20th century and encourages readers to reflect on the contributions of the mathematics educators they have known.
Hiring manager’s evaluations of asynchronous video interviews: The role of candidate competencies, aesthetics, and resume placement

Abstract Asynchronous video interviews (AVI) occur when an employment candidate records responses to pre-selected interview questions and an employer reviews them afterwards. This study examined the influence of the review process, the effect of aesthetics, and hard and soft skills on hiring managers’ reviews of AVIs. The results from 517 observations reveal that the order of the interview (i.e., interview first versus resume first) had an impact on the hiring managers’ decisions. Additionally, candidate aesthetics in the AVI context were found to play a role (though not primarily) in the decision to advance a candidate to the following stage of the screening process. However, communications and problem-solving skills remained the predominant predictors of advancing a candidate regardless of aesthetics or the procedural order of the review. Contributing to an emerging body of research on AVIs, this study offers suggestions for future inquiry and recommendations for managerial practice.
Direct responses to selection for increased litter size, decreased age at puberty, or random selection following selection for ovulation rate in swine.

Nine generations of selection for high ovulation rate were followed by two generations of random selection and then eight generations of selection for increased litter size at birth, decreased age at puberty, or continued random selection in the high ovulation rate line. A control line was maintained with random selection. Line means were regressed on generation number and on cumulative selection differentials to estimate responses to selection and realized heritabilities. Genetic parameters also were estimated by mixed-model procedures, and genetic trends were estimated with an animal model. Response to selection for ovulation rate was about 3.7 eggs. Response in litter size to selection for ovulation rate was .089 +/- .058 pigs per generation. Average differences between the high ovulation rate and control lines over generations 10 to 20 were 2.86 corpora lutea and .74 pigs (P less than .05). The regression estimate of total response to selection for litter size was 1.06 pigs per litter (P less than .01), and the realized heritability was .15 +/- .05. When the animal model was used, the estimate of response was .48 pigs per litter. Total response in litter size to selection for ovulation rate and then litter size was estimated to be 1.8 and 1.4 pigs by the two methods. Total response to selection for decreased age at puberty was estimated to be -15.7 d (P less than .01) when data were analyzed by regression (realized heritability of .25 +/- .05) and -17.1 d using the animal model. No changes in litter size occurred in the line selected for decreased age at puberty. Analyses by regression methods and mixed-model procedures gave similar estimates of responses and very similar estimates of heritabilities.
Inferring Atmospheric Turbulence Structure Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Images of the Ocean Surface

My approach for the first objective is based on SAR image analysis (for extracting hypothetical atmospheric-turbulence signatures) and time-series analyses. The analysis of time series includes "quadrant analysis" using various definitions of the mean flow, spectral analysis, and various moving operations. For my second objective I worked with Dr. Delwyn Moller of JPL to analyze existing data that allows the comparison of low grazing angle radar backscatter images of the ocean surface off of Duck, NC with simultaneous wind speed and direction data under light wind speed conditions.
Hypopituitarism: Case Study Involving Hypernatremia Prompting Discovery of a Pituitary Disorder in a Patient With Lymphoma.

Background The endocrine system contributes to numerous physiologic processes. Compensatory mechanisms are in place that can assist when endocrine dysfunction occurs, which may make it difficult to identify pathologic states. Objectives The case study in this article presents a 74-year-old woman with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who was admitted to an oncology critical care unit with neutropenic fevers and suspicion of gastrointestinal bleeding. She was placed on NPO status (no oral intake) overnight and quickly developed hypernatremia. This prompted further investigation, resulting in the discovery of hypopituitarism. Methods A case study illustrates how altered endocrine function can contribute to rapid patient deterioration beyond hypothyroidism, diabetes, or other common endocrine conditions. Findings Compensatory mechanisms involving the endocrine system can mask dysfunction, which can cause providers to miss signs of altered endocrine function. Experienced clinical nurses should use critical thinking and assessment skills to monitor patients for abnormal signs and symptoms.
Patterns of liberation of ash from coal

The general manner in which the liberation function must change during size reduction is described. Data from float-sink (washability) analysis of a coal is used as an illustration, and a Locking Index is defined and calculated. Ash is not distributed equally with respect to sieve size but is concentrated more in the finest sizes. On the other hand, the ash is less locked with coal in the finer sizes than in the larger sizes. Further crushing showed decreased locking in intermediate sizes, but the material in the fine sizes (produced from breakage of highly locked larger sizes) was more locked than material of the same size in the feed. Future work is also discussed.
Long-Term Liabilities: Pension and Postretirement Liabilities

Employee benefits represent the compensation paid to employees in return for the services they provide to the company. Post-employment benefits (also called postretirement medical benefits) are employee benefits which are payable after retirement. However, they do not include termination benefits.
UNIT 9.9 Intracellular Cytokines

The principal technique described in this unit was developed for detecting cytokines produced by T cells, specifically interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). In addition to providing information about which cytokines are being produced, it also helps to phenotypically identify the specific cells producing them. For example, CD4+ or CD8+ cells can be subdivided into TH1/TH2 helper cells or TC1/TC2 suppressor cells, respectively. This procedure can be useful in examining the response of cells to a variety of agonists, the immune function in various disease states, and the level of lymphocyte activation or suppression. In addition, it can be used to detect a variety of cytokines in many cell types, although the methodology must be carefully evaluated for each cytokine or cell type of interest. Additional methods are included for the stimulation of T cells with allogeneic cells and for the performance of controls for labeling specificity. Keywords: T cells; cytokines; immune function; lymphocyte activation; interferon gamma; interleukin 4
Frontal lobe syndromes

The frontal lobes contain a complex set of diverse anatomic regions that form multiple distinct, complex networks with cortical and subcortical regions. Damage to these cortical-subcortical networks can have dramatic behavioral consequences, ranging from apathy to impairments in executive functioning. This chapter provides a brief overview of the common syndromes caused by damage to the mediodorsal and dorsolateral prefrontal circuits, followed by a more detailed review of the syndrome-sometimes referred to as pseudopsychopathy or acquired sociopathy-associated with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal circuit.
174 Multi-enzyme solution improved growth performance of piglets fed a corn-SBM-DDGS based diet

A study was conducted to determine the effect of adding a multi-enzyme product to corn-SBM-DDGS-based diet on growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 132 pigs weaned at 21 d of age (initial BW=7.5±1.5kg) were blocked by weight and housed in pens of 4 barrows (6) or gilts (5) per pen (n = 11). The diets consisted of: 1) a corn-SBM-based diet with high animal-by products (Comp); 2) a corn-SBM-based diet with 5 to 15% DDGS and reduced animal-by products (Simp); and 3) Simp with a multi-enzyme product that supplied 4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 150 U of amylase and 3,000 U of protease/kg (Simp+ENZ). All diets were isoenergetic and met the NRC (2012) recommendations for weaned pigs. The diets were fed for 6 weeks with a 3-phase-feeding program: phase-1, 0–7 d; phase-2, 7–21 d and phase-3, 21–42 d post-wean. A Buttiauxella spp. phytase was supplemented at 2000, 1250 and 1250 FTU/kg for phase-1, 2 and 3, respectively. Pharmaceutical level of Zn was only included in phase 1 and 2 at 3000 and 2000 ppm, respectively. Performance was measured by phase and analyzed using SAS MIXED model with repeated measure. Average ADG from 0–42 d was 521, 465 and 434 g/day in pigs fed Comp, Simp+ENZ and Simp diet, respectively (P 0.05). In conclusion, the multi-enzyme solution significantly improved ADG when piglets were fed a diet containing low animal by-products and high DDGS.
Adolescent Peer Victimization, Self-Concept, and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood.

Prior studies have demonstrated that peer victimization is a common problem affecting youth and has short-term mental health consequences. There is less known about the long-term consequences of pe...
The function of groups of neurons changes from moment to moment

Modern techniques that enable identification and targeted manipulation of neuron groups are frequently used to bolster theories that attribute specific behavioral functions to specific neuron types. These same techniques can also be used, however, to highlight limitations of such attribution, and to develop the argument that the question ‘what is the function of these neurons?’ is ill-posed in the absence of temporal and network constraints. Here we do this by first reviewing evidence that neural responses are dynamic at multiple time scales, making the point that such changes in firing rates imply changes in what the neuron is doing. Studies involving brief perturbations of neural populations confirm this point, showing that the functions in which these populations participate change across seconds and even milliseconds. Based on these studies, we suggest that it is inappropriate to assign function to sets of neurons without contextualizing that assignment to specific times and network conditions.
Detecting Early-Warning Signals in Time Series of Visits to Points of Interest to Examine Population Response to COVID-19 Pandemic

The objective of this paper is to examine population response to COVID-19 and associated policy interventions through detecting early-warning signals in time series of visits to points of interest (POIs). Complex systems, such as cities, would demonstrate early-warning signals (e.g., increased autocorrelation and standard deviation) when they approach phase transitions responding to external perturbation, such as crises, policy changes, and human behavior changes. In urban systems, population visits to POIs, such as restaurants, museums, and hospitals, represent a state of cities as complex systems. These states may undergo phase transitions due to population response to pandemic risks and intervention policies (e.g., social distancing and shelter-in-place orders). In this study, we conducted early-warning signal detection on population visits to POIs to examine population response to pandemic risks, and we evaluated time lags between detected early-warning dates and dates of first cases and policy interventions. We examined two early-warning signals, the increase of autocorrelation at-lag-1 and standard deviation, in time series of population visits to POIs in 17 metropolitan cities in the United States of America. We examined visits to grouped POIs according to two categories of essential services and non-essential services. The results show that: (1) early-warning signals for population response to COVID-19 were detected between February 14 and March 11, 2020 in 17 cities; (2) detected population response had started prior to shelter-in-place orders in 17 cities; (3) early-warning signals detected from the essential POIs visits appeared earlier than those from non-essential POIs; and 4) longer time lags between detected population response and shelter-in-place orders led to a less decrease in POI visits. The results show the importance of detecting early-warning signals during crises in cities as complex systems. Early-warning signals could provide important insights regarding the timing and extent of population response to crises to inform policymakers.
Reframing Clinical Paradigms: Strategies for Improving Patient Care Relationships

This article presents strategies for reframing clinical paradigms to build better therapeutic relationships with patients and the members of their support network from the unique and important lens of a parent and disability researcher. First, a brief history of the evolution of models of care is presented, and implementation of the current biopsychosocial model is discussed. Then, evidence-based practice and the role of the patient perspective is considered. Next, specific examples, tools, techniques, guidelines, and resources to foster the demonstration of patient-informed respect and patient-centered communication in clinical practice are provided. Examples and resources are presented that can be accessed and implemented immediately, without cost to the practitioner and with the vast potential to improve care, therapeutic relationships, and patient outcomes. It is important for health care providers and researchers in all practice areas and across all experience levels to regularly evaluate their psychosocial skills. It is critical that the voices of patients and the members of their support network are central in this process. This can enable health care providers to acknowledge areas for growth and to implement changes effectively and efficiently at the individual level to facilitate changes across the broader spectrum of health care practice.
Pits, uplifts and small chaos features on Europa: Morphologic and morphometric evidence for intrusive upwelling and lower limits to ice shell thickness

Abstract One of the clearest but unresolved questions for Europa is the thickness of its icy shell. Europa's surface is resplendent with geological features that bear on this question, and ultimately on its interior, geological history, and astrobiological potential. We characterize the size and topographic expression of circular and subcircular features created by endogenic thermal and tectonic disturbances on Europa: pits, uplifts, and small, subcircular chaos. We utilize the medium-resolution Galileo regional maps (RegMaps), as well as high-resolution regions, digital elevation models derived from albedo-controlled photoclinometry, and in some cases stereo-controlled photoclinometry. While limited in extent, the high-resolution images are extremely valuable for detecting smaller features and for overall geomorphological analysis. A peak in the size-distribution for all features is found at ~5–6 km in diameter and no pits smaller than 3.3 km in diameter were found in high resolution images. Additionally, there is a trend for larger pits to be deeper, and larger uplifts to be higher. Our data support a diapiric or intracrustal sill interpretation (as opposed to purely non-intrusive, melt-through models) and place a lower limit on ice shell thickness at the time of feature formation of 3-to-8 km, assuming isostasy and depending on the composition of the ice and underlying ocean.
Internal Medicine Residents’ Views About Care Transitions: Results of an Educational Intervention:

Problem:Suboptimal care transitions can lead to re-hospitalizations.Intervention:We developed a 2-week “Transitions of Care Curriculum” to train first-year internal medicine residents to improve th...
Vascular Involvement in Neurosarcoidosis: Early Experiences From Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging.

Background and Objectives Cerebrovascular manifestations in neurosarcoidosis (NS) were previously considered rare but are being increasingly recognized. We report our preliminary experience in patients with NS who underwent high-resolution vessel wall imaging (VWI). Methods A total of 13 consecutive patients with NS underwent VWI. Images were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists in consensus. The assessment included segment-wise evaluation of larger- and medium-sized vessels (internal carotid artery, M1-M3 middle cerebral artery; A1-A3 anterior cerebral artery; V4 segments of vertebral arteries; basilar artery; and P1-P3 posterior cerebral artery), lenticulostriate perforator vessels, and medullary and deep cerebral veins. Cortical veins were not assessed due to flow-related artifacts. Brain biopsy findings were available in 6 cases and were also reviewed. Results Mean patient age was 54.9 years (33–71 years) with an M:F of 8:5. Mean duration between initial diagnosis and VWI study was 18 months. Overall, 9/13 (69%) patients had vascular abnormalities. Circumferential large vessel enhancement was seen in 3/13 (23%) patients, whereas perforator vessel involvement was seen in 6/13 (46%) patients. Medullary and deep vein involvement was also seen in 6/13 patients. In addition, 7/13 (54%) patients had microhemorrhages in susceptibility-weighted imaging, and 4/13 (31%) had chronic infarcts. On biopsy, 5/6 cases showed perivascular granulomas with vessel wall involvement in all 5 cases. Discussion Our preliminary findings suggest that involvement of intracranial vascular structures may be a common finding in patients with NS and should be routinely looked for. These findings appear concordant with previously reported autopsy literature and need to be validated on a larger scale.
Ascorbic Acid as a Michael Donor

Abstract The scope of the Michael reaction of L-ascorbic acid was explored by its application to 2-cyclohexen-1-one and 2-cyclopenten-1-one, respectively. Unexpected acid catalysis was discovered with the reaction. The C-3' epimers of the 2-ketocycloalkyl-L-gulonolactones ( 3 and 4 ; 6 and 7 ) have been separated and their configurations on C-3' were determined. In the ketocyclohexyl epimers the absolute configurations of C-3' were assigned by applying the octant rule. These assignments ultimately were confirmed by X-ray diffractometry. The configurations of the ketocyclopentyl derivatives on C-3' were determined by X-ray crystallography. These compounds have been found to be biologically active.
16S rRNA GENE HETEROGENEITY IN THE FILAMENTOUS MARINE CYANOBACTERIAL GENUS LYNGBYA

The SSU (16S) rRNA gene was used to investigate the phylogeny of the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya as well as examined for its capacity to discriminate between different marine species of Lyngbya .W e show that Lyngbya forms a polyphyletic genus composed of a marine lineage and a halophilic ⁄brackish ⁄freshwater lineage. In addition, we found morphological and genetic evidence that Lyngbya spp. often grow in association with other microorganisms, in particular smaller filamentous cyanobacteria such as Oscillatoria, and propose that these associated microorganisms have led to extensive phylogenetic confusion in identification of Lyngbya spp. At the species level, the phylogenetic diversity obtained from the comparison of 16S rRNA genes exceeded morphological diversity in Lyngbya. However, the expectation that this improved phylogeny would be useful to species and subspecies identification was eliminated by the fact that phylogenetic species did not correlate in any respect with the species obtained from current taxonomic systems. In addition, phylogenetic identification was adversely affected by the presence of multiple gene copies within individual Lyngbya colonies. Analysis of clonal Lyngbya cultures and multiple displacement amplified (MDA) single-cell genomes revealed that Lyngbya genomes contain two 16S rRNA gene copies, and that these typically are of variable sequence. Furthermore, intragenomic and interspecies 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity was approximately of the same magnitude. Hence, the intragenomic heterogeneity of the 16S rRNA gene overestimates the microdiversity of different strains and does not accurately reflect speciation within cyanobacteria, including the genus Lyngbya.