cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microphysics of summer clouds in central West Antarctica simulated by the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS)

Abstract. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) provided a highly detailed set of remote-sensing and surface observations to study Antarctic clouds and surface energy balance, which have received much less attention than for the Arctic due to greater logistical challenges. Limited prior Antarctic cloud observations have slowed the progress of numerical weather prediction in this region. The AWARE observations from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide during December 2015 and January 2016 are used to evaluate the operational forecasts of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) and new simulations with the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) 3.9.1. The Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations are conducted with the WRF single-moment 5-class microphysics (WSM5C) used by the AMPS and with newer generation microphysics schemes. The AMPS simulates few liquid clouds during summer at the WAIS Divide, which is inconsistent with observations of frequent low-level liquid clouds. Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations show that this result is a consequence of WSM5C. More advanced microphysics schemes simulate more cloud liquid water and produce stronger cloud radiative forcing, resulting in downward longwave and shortwave radiation at the surface more in agreement with observations. Similarly, increased cloud fraction is simulated with the more advanced microphysics schemes. All of the simulations, however, produce smaller net cloud fractions than observed. Ice water paths vary less between the simulations than liquid water paths. The colder and drier atmosphere driven by the Global Forecast System (GFS) initial and boundary conditions for AMPS forecasts produces lesser cloud amounts than the Polar WRF 3.9.1 simulations driven by ERA-Interim.
Contemporary Characteristics and Lethality Correlates of Serious Suicide Attempts in Children and Adolescents

Objective Adolescent suicide rates have increased in the past decade. Few studies have examined contemporary pediatric suicide attempters with medically serious suicide attempts, particularly among younger pediatric suicide attempters. Method This preliminary chart review study examined 200 adolescents with medically serious suicide attempts and sought to identify general cohort characteristics, differences in cohort characteristics based on age, correlates of lethality, and correlates of rescue (likelihood of prompt medical attention). Results Our study found that younger adolescents specifically endorsed increased cyberbullying (β = 1.1, p = .046) and less hopelessness (β = -0.83, p = .02) compared to older adolescents. Suicide attempt lethality was negatively associated with female gender (β = -0.59, p = .041), rescue (β = -0.19, p = .005), an anxiety diagnosis (β = -0.81, p = .0003), and history of consensual sexual activity (β = -0.79, p = .002). Rescue was positively associated with an ADHD diagnosis (β = 0.73, p = .018) and less attempt planning (β = 0.96, p = .01), while a history of previous suicide attempt (β = -0.54, p = .04) and more proximal suicide attempt (β = -0.045, p = .008) were associated with a lower rescue score. Conclusion Our preliminary findings suggest clinicians and future researchers may need to assess certain social and diagnostic factors in children and adolescents at particularly high risk for death by suicide.
When do hydrocarbons dewet metal surfaces? The case of coronene on Cu(111)

Abstract We have used scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations to study molecular layers of coronene on Cu(111). The structure and stability of these layers is determined by the balance between coronene-substrate and coronene-coronene interactions. Here, we characterize this balance by measuring the maximum coverage before coronene dewets the substrate to form three-dimensional islands. We find that coronene molecules lie parallel to the substrate at the maximum coverage, in contrast to previous observations of tilted coronene on metal surfaces. We attribute this previously reported tilt to a metastability caused by an activation barrier to nucleate three-dimensional islands.
Reply to: “Role of Sorafenib in Liver Transplantation Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting Beyond Milan Criteria?”

We appreciate the comments of Dr. Kumar regarding the omission of the potential role of sorafenib in our manuscript, and offer the following points in reply. First, we acknowledge that sorafenib has been the cornerstone of front-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since 2008. However, its efficacy as neoadjuvant treatment to effect tumor downstaging prior to LT has not been demonstrated. In two prospective randomized trials, the addition of sorafenib to transarterial chemoembolization1 or radioembolization with Yttrium-902 did not improve rates or time to transplantation, and may have increased post-transplant peribiliary complications.
Targeting G1-S phase cell-cycle alterations with CDK4/6 inhibitor-based genomically matched personalized therapy approach.

3623Background: Although CDK4/6 inhibitors are established as a standard treatment option for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients, its benefit in other solid ...
Threefold reduction in thermal conductivity of Vycor glass due to adsorption of liquid 4 He

We report thermal conductivity measurements of porous Vycor glass when it is empty and when the pores are filled with helium between 0.06 and 0.5 K. The filling of liquid 3He and liquid 4He inside the Vycor pores brings about two to three-fold reduction of the thermal conductivity as compared with empty Vycor. This dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity, not seen with solid 3He and 4He in the pores, is the consequence of hydrodynamic sound modes in liquid helium that greatly facilitate the quantum tunneling of the two-level systems in Vycor and enhance the scattering of the thermal phonons in the silica network.
Call for a more balanced approach to understanding orbital frontal cortex function

Orbital frontal cortex (OFC) research has historically emphasized the function of this associative cortical area within top-down theoretical frameworks. This approach has largely focused on mapping OFC activity onto human-defined psychological or cognitive constructs and has often led to OFC circuitry bearing the weight of entire theoretical frameworks. New techniques and tools developed in the last decade have made it possible to revisit long-standing basic science questions in neuroscience and answer them with increasing sophistication. We can now study and specify the genetic, molecular, cellular, and circuit architecture of a brain region in much greater detail, which allows us to piece together how they contribute to emergent circuit functions. For instance, adopting such systematic and unbiased bottom-up approaches to elucidating the function of the visual system has paved the way to building a greater understanding of the spectrum of its computational capabilities. In the same vein, we argue that OFC research would benefit from a more balanced approach that also places focus on novel bottom-up investigations into OFC's computational capabilities. Furthermore, we believe that the knowledge gained by employing a more bottom-up approach to investigating OFC function will ultimately allow us to look at OFC's dysfunction in disease through a more nuanced biological lens. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Preferences, Altruism, Technocracy, & Power Grabbing: Cumulative Effects on Equilibriums induced by Ability and `Doubtfulness'

Suppose an economy within which rational expectations equilibriums (REE) are predicated on the distribution of ability, and the extent to which economic agents are doubtful (`doubtfulness') as to true realizations of their ability. Let a `societal REE' denote an REE that, simultaneously constitutes a dominant equilibrium for each of individual economic agents, and society. This study provides formal theoretical evidence that cumulative layering of each of risk preferences (risk aversion or risk seeking) and heterogeneity as to altruism on economic agents does not induce any alterations to societal REE that are predicated on ability and doubtfulness. Layering of heterogeneity with respect to preference for a (professional) Technocracy on all of the preceding factors induces a societal REE that Pareto Dominates all preceding REE. Suppose technocrats that are appointees of politicians (`political technocrats') coexist with professional technocrats and do not practice `power grabbing', that is, arrive at policy decisions on basis of scientific, as opposed to political merits of alternate courses for action. In presence of stated coexistence, there is arrival at a societal REE, which Pareto Dominates the societal REE that is induced by presence only of professional technocrats. In this respect, presence of political technocrats who act on scientific merits induces unilateral increase to incomes of professional technocrats. In the societal REE in context of which political technocrats practice power grabbing, resources of society are sub-optimally directed away from efforts at generation and implementation of innovations. There is arrival then at an economy that revolves around government. Consistent with sub-optimality of a `power grabbing' economy, while government consists of three-tenths of the workforce in context of political technocrats who act on scientific merits, introduction of power grabbing induces allocation of five-sixths of the workforce to the government sector.
Self-defining memories-Narrative features in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits (replication and extension of Blagov & Singer, 2004).

OBJECTIVE Self-defining memories (SDMs) are units of life-story analysis, whose features resemble elements from narrative identity's factorial structure. To bridge narrative-identity and personality-trait domains, we conducted a replication and extension of prior research. METHOD We linked four SDM features - affect, specificity, meaning making, and content - to the Big Three trait domains of personality and psychopathology in a small sample that was well-powered for multilevel modeling (133 participants, 1330 SDMs). RESULTS Affect SDM affect correlated with indices of Positive Emotionality and Negative Emotionality, and narrative themes of contamination were associated with Negative Emotionality. Specificity SDM specificity vs. overgenerality related to Constraint and Negative Emotionality indices, lending support to the executive dysfunction and emotional disorder theories of overgeneral autobiographical memory. (Tests of the avoidance thesis of overgeneral memory were inconclusive.) Meaning making Explicit meaning making in SDMs reflected adaptive personality. It moderated (or buffered) the link between SDMs' affect and chronic emotional distress. Content The links between SDM content and traits suggest that SDMs reflect personal goals, whose fulfillment or frustration relate to psychological health. CONCLUSIONS This research serves replication purposes as well as the purpose of connecting two major domains of personality: narrative identity and adaptive and maladaptive traits.
Apathy is not associated with a panel of biomarkers in older adults with HIV disease

Abstract Objective Apathy is prevalent in HIV disease and can significantly impact personal well-being; however, little is known about its neurobiological substrates in persons with HIV (PWH) disease. Methods This cross-sectional, correlational study examined the association between apathy and several plasma biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, kynurenine, tryptophan, quinolinic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and phosphorylated tau at position threonine 181) in 109 PWH and 30 seronegative participants ages 50 and older. Apathy was measured with a composite score derived from subscales of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Results Multiple regressions showed that PWH had significantly greater severity of apathy symptoms, independent of both data-driven and conceptually-based covariates. Pairwise correlations in the PWH sample indicated that apathy was not significantly associated with any of the measured biomarkers and all of the effect sizes were small. Conclusion Findings suggest that apathy is not strongly associated with peripheral biomarkers of inflammation, neurotrophic support, or neurodegeneration in older PWH. Limitations of this study include the cross-sectional design, the use of self-report measures of apathy, and low rates of viremia. Longitudinal studies in more representative samples of PWH that include a more comprehensive panel of fluid biomarkers, informant and behavioral indicators of apathy, and relevant psychosocial factors might help to further clarify the neurobiological substrates of this complex neuropsychiatric phenomenon.
Perspectives on assistive devices among elderly persons with disabilities

The RERC on Aging is conducting a longitudinal study of the needs of older persons with disabilities for assistive devices and environmental interventions. This paper presents an analysis of the results of interviews with 508 home-based seniors, focusing on their ownership, use, and satisfaction with assistive devices. While previous reports from this RERC-Aging study indicate a relatively high rate of satisfaction with devices, this paper primarily focuses on problems consumers are having with devices they use. This paper also reports the suggestions of study participants for new devices and modifications to existing devices. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Plasmid analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent.

A simple procedure for extraction of plasmid-enriched DNA from borreliae was used in a plasmid analysis of 13 strains of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi. The extracted DNA was subjected to low-percentage agarose gel electrophoresis and examined either directly by ethidium bromide staining or after hybridization of the plasmids in situ with a DNA probe for the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein OspA. Each isolate had four to seven discernible plasmids of various sizes. Only 2 of the 13 strains had the same plasmid profile. The ospA gene probe hybridized to large plasmids to strains from both North America and Europe. A strain which had been passaged many times was found to have lost two of the six plasmids originally present. These findings indicate the potential usefulness of plasmid analysis as a strain-typing procedure and for identifying possible plasmid-conferred virulence factors. Images
Subunit interactions and physical properties of bovine gallbladder mucin

In this study the interaction of gallbladder mucin subunits was examined by gel permeation chromatography, quasielastic laser light scattering, and viscometry. Purified mucin eluted primarily in the void volume of a Sepharose 2B-Cl column, indicating a molecular weight above 2 x 10(6). Disaggregation of the mucin polymer resulted in the elution of glycoprotein in the included volume of the Sepharose 2B-Cl column. Gallbladder mucin had a hydrodynamic radius of 630 A that was independent of mucin concentration below 2 mg/ml. At mucin concentrations above 2 mg/ml, a concentration-dependent increase in both hydrodynamic radius and apparent viscosity of gallbladder mucin was observed. Mucin demonstrated a strong pH dependence in hydrodynamic radius and viscosity with the maximum occurring at approximately pH 5.5. These findings suggest that noncovalent interactions participate in bovine gallbladder mucin subunit associations. Furthermore, changes that occur in the physicochemical environment of the gallbladder during periods of stasis may enhance the viscoelastic properties of mucin and promote the accumulation of biliary sludge in the gallbladder.
A generalization of the Hermite Biehler theorem

The Hermite Biehler theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions for Hurwitz stability of a polynomial in terms of certain interlacing conditions. In the present paper, the authors generalize the Hermite Biehler theorem to situations where the test polynomial is not necessarily stable, by studying the phase properties of the "frequency response" of a polynomial. Examples are used throughout the paper to complement and illustrate the theoretical development.
Quantum tunneling in solid D2 and solid H2.

We report calculations of quantum tunneling in solid deuterium and solid hydrogen using a most-probable-escape-path method for tunneling in quantum crystals. We estimate the rates for tunneling by quantum-mechanical exchange in solid H[sub 2] and D[sub 2] and calculate specifically the tunneling of HD impurities and paradeuterium impurities in solid parahydrogen and solid orthodeuterium. These calculations are compared with the results of recent experiments.
Depth camera assisted multiterminal video coding

This paper addresses multiterminal video coding with the help of a low-resolution depth camera. In this setup, the depth sequence, together with the high-resolution texture sequences, are collected, compressed and transmitted separately to the joint decoder in order to obtain more accurate depth information and consequently better rate-distortion performance. At the decoder end, side information (for Wyner-Ziv coding) is generated based on successive refinement of the decompressed low-resolution depth map and texture frame warped from other terminals. Experimental results show sum-rate savings with the depth camera than without for the same PSNR performance. Comparisons to simulcast and JMVM coding are also provided. Although the sum-rate gain of our multiterminal video coding scheme (with or without the depth camera) over simulcast is relatively small, this work is the first that incorporates depth camera in a multiterminal setting.
Mutagenic Safety and Fatty Liver Improvement of Nanonized Black Soybeans in Senescence‐Accelerated Prone‐8 Mice

Nanotechnology, as a new enabling technology, has the potential to revolutionize food systems. However, much attention has been focused on nanoparticle foods due to their potential physiological properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the mutagenic safety and fatty liver improvement of black soybean in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). The mutagenic activity of black soybeans was investigated using the Ames test (Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, 100, 102, and 1535). Furthermore, senescence-accelerated prone-8 mice (SAMP8) have been reported to display spontaneous fatty liver. Male SAMP8 mice were divided into control and supplemented with 10% micronized or nanonized black soybeans diet and fed for 12 wk. The results revealed that the Ames test of micronized and nanonized black soybeans exhibited no mutagenicity. Administration of black soybeans to mice showed no effects on food intake and body and organ weights. The nanonized black soybean group had a lower degree of spontaneous fatty liver, alanine aminotransferase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations, and had enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities of livers when compared with the SAMP8 control and micronized black soybean groups. The mice fed with black soybeans had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations than the SAMP8 control group. The results of this study suggest that nanonized black soybeans have no side effects and, moreover, may minimize liver lesions in SAMP8 mice.
Environmental Collective Action: Residential Recycling Programs

Many civil and environmental engineering projects involve the amelioration of environmental problems. Attempts to avoid future and solve current environmental problems are more and more likely to include the inducement of behavior change on a wide scale. The attempts will involve individual‐level environmental collective actions: individual‐level, because they require widespread participation in particular individual behaviors; environmental, because they involve protecting, maintaining, or improving the physical environment; and collective action, because they involve the production of collective goods—that is, goods that, once produced, are not excludable from the members of a group for which membership does not depend upon contributions toward provision of the collective good. This paper presents individual‐level environmental collection actions of interest to civil and environmental engineers, examines the conditions under which participation occurs, and explores the appropriate level of involvement o...
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans fine-tune macrophage inflammation via IFN-β

Macrophages are important mediators of diseases associated with metabolic inflammation such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this Stimulus we discuss recent findings showing that heparan sulfate proteoglycans on macrophages serve as an important inflammatory rheostat. This observation has significant implications as the degree of macrophage proteoglycan sulfation can determine and possibly predict disease outcomes of metabolic inflammatory disorders.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy

Objective To review the basic science, physiology, toxicity, and delivery of inhaled nitric oxide (NO). Design A literature review of inhaled NO is presented, and a brief discussion of current clinical applications is included. Results Inhaled NO is a new investigational drug used for selective vasodilation of the pulmonary vasculature. It mimics the effects of endogenously produced endothelium-derived relaxing factor. In addition to selective pulmonary vasodilation, inhaled NO can improve hypoxemia by improving ventilationperfusion relationships within the lung. The doses of inhaled NO that produce improvements in oxygenation are lower than those needed to produce maximal vasodilation. Inhaled NO is being used in the intensive-care unit to treat critically ill patients with pulmonary hypertension or hypoxemia associated with ventilation-perfusion imbalance. It is also being used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory as a diagnostic tool. Few adverse effects have been associated with the use of inhaled NO. Conclusion Despite a lack of randomized, controlled studies that show improved outcome in comparison with traditional treatments, inhaled NO. seems to be an effective new therapy for patients with pulmonary vasospasm or hypoxemia associated with ventilation-perfusion imbalance. It may also prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
The thyroid of the sarcopterygian fishes (Dipnoi and Crossopterygii) and the origin of the tetrapod thyroid.

Abstract The thyroid glands of the extant sarcopterygian fishes show the features which are retained in the thyroid glands of the tetrapods. Whole body scans of 131I injected dipnoans demonstrate a single thyroid area with no heterotopic thyroid present. The thyroids of all extant sarcopterygian genera are compact and encapsulated in contrast to diffuse thyroid tissue occurring in teleosts generally. The basic condition, a single median thyroid, is present in Neoceratodus forsteri and Latimeria chalumnae, while Lepidosiren paradoxa and Protopterus annectens show bifurcate thyroid glands. Cytomorphometric analysis of the thyroidal elements also reveals closer similarities to the Amphibia than to the teleosts. In addition, the Dipnoan radioiodine metabolism approximates that of the tetrapods rather than that of the teleosts. Thus, the fundamental features of the tetrapod thyroid were established in the Sarcopterygii early in the course of vertebrate evolution. Further, as in most of the higher vertebrate classes, parafollicular cells are not present in the sarcopterygian thyroid.
Review of conventional and novel polymerization processes for polyesters

Abstract Commercial polyesters have been manufactured via condensation polymerization and contain small quantities of small cyclic molecules along with the much higher molecular weight linear chains. The cyclic oligomers create problems during fiber processing, such as spinning and dyeing. Recently the cyclic oligomers and their ring-opening polymerization have become of interest. The cyclic oligomers can be prepared as major products by using high-dilution methods, polymer-supported techniques, and cyclo-depolymerization. The cyclic oligoesters can then be used as feedstock for their ring-opening polymerization. Ring-opening polymerization has some advantages over the conventional polymerization method. The conventional method produces a small molecule by-product, whose removal requires high temperature and high vacuum. The overall reaction is long, varying from 5 to 10 h. On the other hand, ring-opening polymerization does not produce any by-product and the reaction occurs at atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the process is very rapid. Polyesters like poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate) have been increasingly used due to their good physical properties. Among these is their ability to act as a gas barrier, so polyester film is widely used as a packaging material. The characteristics of polyesters depend on their structures, symmetries, and conformational features. Polyesters with collinear attachment of ethylene glycol diesters to the phenyl rings, like PET and PBT, allows for flipping of their phenyl rings. However, the phenyl rings in polyesters with non-collinear attachment of ethylene glycol diesters, like poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) and poly(ethylene isophthalate), cannot be flipped. The flipping of phenyl rings may allow gases to permeate, as the gas molecules may use them much like a trap door or valve, so polyesters with non-collinear ethylene glycol diester linkages have improved gas barrier properties.
Multifunctional smart material system (MSMS) using shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers

ABSTRACT A Multifunctional smart material system consists of two or more dierent smart material phases in the formof a hybrid system, in which every phase performs a dierent but necessary function. In this work, we showhow thermally responsive Shape memory alloys (SMA) and Shape Memory Polymers (SMP) can be combined toform a Multifunctional Smart Material system (MSMS). The transformation temperatures M f , M s , A s and A f of SMA and the glass transition T g for the SMP play a critical role in designing such a MSMS. We illustrate howvarying the T g of SMP between the transformation temperatures M f and A f of SMA results in a multi-statesmart bias system with varying stinesses. In addition, we establish guidelines for the volume fractions of theindividual constituents of such MSMSs to form smart-bias tools/devices. We further propose various ideas forsmart devices that can operate through three temperature ranges, with one material constituent being passiveand the other active at a given temperature.Keywords: multifunctional material systems, shape memory polymers, shape memory alloys, smart bias struc-tures, smart composites, multistate devices, smart material design
Experimental Investigation of Porous-Media Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Blends

The use of porous-media burners in air-heating systems, gas turbine combustors, and steam generators is a potential method to reduce pollutant emission levels. Biofuels, such as canola methyl ester (CME), are an attractive alternate energy resource; however, pure biofuels have lower energy content than petroleum-based fuels. Therefore, the combustion characteristics of blends of Jet A and CME were studied in a porous-media burner. Two silicon carbide coated carbon-carbon matrix porous media of square section were used. The upstream porous medium with a pore size of 8 pores per centimeter (20 pores per inch) served as the evaporation porous medium; the downstream porous medium with a pore size of 31 ppcm (80 ppi) was used as the combustion porous medium. The CME-Jet A fuel blends were injected from an air-blast atomizer into a coflow of hot air, which entered the evaporation porous medium. The combustion characteristics of three blends (volume percentages of CME equal to 25%, 50% and 75%) were studied at four different initial equivalence ratios. The global pollutant emissions, axial temperature profiles and the radiative heat fraction of the flame downstream of the combustion porous medium were measured. The results indicated that for lean air-fuel mixtures, the addition of CME to Jet A resulted in a reduction of the CO emission index. However, the NOx emission index was increased with the CME content in the blend for a given equivalence ratio. Also, the maximum flame temperature increased with equivalence ratio. In general, it was found that the porous-media burner was useful in reducing emissions and controlling flame temperatures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Chromosome changes and splenectomy in Ph-positive CML. III. Predictive parameters in the chronic phase

The findings presented indicate that splenectomy during the blastic phase (BP) of Philadelphia (Ph) positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prolonged survival after the onset of the BP in a group of patients who had, in addition to the Ph, only chromosomally abnormal cells in the marrow (AA patients). To evaluate the predictive parameter for splenectomy in the chronic phase (CP) of CML, the cytogenetic data obtained during the CP of the AA group were compared retrospectively with those of cytogenetically defined groups. Only AA patients showed the presence of abnormal clone(s) containing abnormalities such as trisomy 8, i(17q), and a missing Y chromosome several years before the onset of BP. This may indicate that the presence of these chromosome abnormalities during the CP could be utilized as a predictive parameter for splenectomy in the CP of CML.
Effects of N6-monobutyryl-cyclic AMP on glutamate decarboxylase activity in fetal rat brain cells and glial tumor cells in culture.

Abstract Cultures of fetal rat brain cells were treated chronically with 1 mM N 6 -monobutyryl-3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and assayed at various times for protein and for activity of glutamate decarboxylase. Treated cultures increased their protein content very slowly, but showed a very early 2.5-fold stimulation of enzyme specific activity. This degree of stimulation persisted during temporal development of the enzyme activity. The stimulated levels of specific activity were nearly as great as those in adult rat brain homogenates. Similar treatment of cells from two rat gliomas, which also contain the enzyme activity, did not mimic the effect found in brain cultures. The effects on glutamate decarboxylase were very different from those on another enzyme of neurotransmitter synthesis, choline acetyltransferase, suggesting that different cell types may have been responsible for the two dissimilar effects of the treatment with the cyclic nucleotide.
Do open space environments encourage children to seek immediate gratification

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of 14 months' exposure to open space environments on preference for delayed reward. Three hundred eighty-nine pupils in open space and conventional classes in grades 4 and 5 were individually administered one of four tests for delay of gratification. These tests consisted of a choice between an immediate, smaller reward and a delayed, larger reward. Each of the four independent studies found that approximately the same percent of pupils from each educational environment selected the delayed alternative.
Orientational relaxation by fluorescence correlation

Abstract A model is proposed for the determination of orientational relaxation parameters by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Specific autocorrelation functions G(τ) are tabulated for different experimental arrangements.
Using OCLC Connexion to find typographical errors in authority records

Typographical errors exist in bibliographic and authority records and can hinder patron access to library materials. Until recently, a widely available systematic approach to finding typographical errors in authority records did not exist. OCLC Connexion provides a keyword search capability of the Library of Congress Authority File, allowing librarians to find and report typographical errors in authority records. With some modifications, a list of common typographical errors in bibliographic records can be used to create a similar list for authority records. This effort will contribute to reducing the number of typographical errors in authority records.
Level statistics in disordered linear networks

Abstract We consider a linear electrical impedance network, and study its frequency of nearest level statistics, P(s). We find that this probability density evolves from a sum of gaussians at small disorder, to a linear combination of Poisson and gaussian orthogonal ensemble for large values of the disorder.
Behavioral and content components of the structured interview assessment of the type. A behavior pattern in women

The purpose of this study was to analyze relationships among (1) the global assessment of the Type A behavior pattern determined by the Structured Interview (SI), (2) the Type A score of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and (3) ratings of individual behaviors and content items in the SI. These relationships were analyzed in a sample of 88 white suburban women. The individual behaviors rated were four speech characteristics and motor pace. The correlation between SI global assessment of behavior pattern and JAS Type A score was only 0.27. SI global assessment was strongly correlated with ratings of individual behaviors such as speech speed, speech emphasis, and rapid motor pace. There was little or no correlation between these behaviors and the JAS Type A scores. For items reflecting the content of the interview responses, correlations with JAS Type A scores were generally stronger than correlations with SI global assessment. The findings for this sample of women are quite similar to results from previous studies of men. Thus, the characteristics that influence SI global assessment appear to be similar for women and men.
The Workers' Compensation System: Worker friend or foe?

Background The workers' compensation system was designed to help injured workers who have substantial medical expenses and perhaps have lost a great deal of income. This study determines both similarities and differences in how workers experience their interactions with the workers' compensation systems in Florida and Wisconsin. Methods Ethnographic open-ended interviews with 204 workers from Florida and 198 workers in Wisconsin were conducted. All the workers had back injuries in 1990 and were either paid workers' compensation temporary disability benefits for at least 4 weeks or received permanent disability benefits or compromise settlements. Results Some interactions with the workers' compensation system were positive. However, the majority of respondents in both states experienced their encounters with the workers' compensation system as cumbersome, frustrating, and demeaning. Conclusions Mistrust, stigmatization, payment delays, and refusal of insurer personnel to pay benefits contribute to workers' negative experiences with the workers' compensation system. These insurer behaviors raise the costs to injured workers of workers' compensation benefits and thus may reduce the propensity of eligible workers to apply for benefits. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:338–345, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Introduction of Formal Reliability Engineering in Israel

During my sabbatical leave in Israel, I approached reliability engineering in a number of ways. The papers I delivered in conferences, lectures, workshops, short courses, in-plant training, and indoctrination in reliability engineering appreciably increased interest in the reliability discipline. Engineers in Israel for the first time took the 1981 American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) examination for ASQC certification as reliability engineers. The results of the 1981 April examination were gratifying: 11 passed the examination and were awarded the CRE (ASQCCertified Reliability Engineer).
Helicobacter pylori mutagenesis by mariner in vitro transposition

We have developed a method for generating transposon insertion mutants using mariner in vitro mutagenesis. The gene of interest was PCR-amplified and cloned. A kanamycin-marked mariner transposon was randomly inserted into the purified plasmid in an in vitro transposition reaction. After repair and propagation in Escherichia coli, purified mutagenized plasmid was introduced into Helicobacter pylori by natural transformation. Transformants were selected by plating on kanamycin. Mutants were predominantly the result of double homologous recombination, and multiple mutants (with insertions in distinct positions) were often obtained. The site of insertion was determined by PCR or sequencing. We have made mutations in known or potential virulence genes, including ureA, hopZ, and vacA, using kanamycin- and kanamycin/lacZ-marked transposons. Colonies carrying a kanamycin/lacZ transposon appeared blue on medium containing the chromogenic agent X-gal, allowing discrimination of mutant and wild-type H. pylori in mixed competition experiments.
A prospective, randomized study of shunt function and infections as a function of shunt placement.

Much controversy still exists about the relative advantages and disadvantages of anteriorly vs. posteriorly placed shunts in terms of infection rate and duration of function. During a 27-month period,
Photocapacitance of deep levels in GaAs:Cr and GaAs:O☆

Abstract Photocapacitance measurements have been applied to characterize deep impurities present in bulk-grown single crystals of n -type GaAs:O and GaAs:Cr. Three principal defects in GaAs:O have levels located at ( E c − 0.79 eV), ( E v + 0.40 eV) and ( E c − 0.46 eV); the first of these corresponds to the level commonly associa with oxygen and agrees well with the Lucovsky model for photoionization spectrum. The Cr level in GaAs:Cr does not follow the Lucovsky model and appears to undergo “lattice relaxation” during optical transitions.
Matrix Isolation and ab Initio Study of 1:1 Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of H2O2 with NH3 and N(CH3)3

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been combined with MP2/6-31+G(d,p) calculations to characterize the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes between H2O2 and the bases NH3 and N(CH3)3. Most obvious from the spectra of these complexes and their deuterated analogues is the shift to lower frequency of the hydrogen-bonded O−H or O−D stretching bands relative to the isolated monomers. The experimental shifts are in good agreement with the computed shifts. Perturbation of the O−O−H bending mode was also observed, along with shifts of certain vibrational modes of the base subunits in the complexes. Surprisingly, the experimental intensities of the product bands are low when compared to other hydrogen-bonded systems and to the computed intensities.
Improving document representations using relevance feedback: the RFA algorithm

In this paper we present a document representation improvement technique, named the Relevance Feedback Accumulation (RFA) algorithm. Using prior relevance feedback assessments and a data mining measure called "support", the algorithm's learning function gradually improves document representations, over time and across users. Results show that the modified document representations yield lower dimensionality while improving retrieval effectiveness. The algorithm is efficient and scalable, suited for retrieval systems managing large document collections.
SU-FF-I-67: Conventional CT to Cone-Beam CT Image Registration Using Combination of Intensity- and Landmark-Based Deformable Image Registration Methods

Purpose: A hybrid deformable registration approach was proposed to combine the landmark‐based compact support radial basis functions (CSRBFs) spline registration with the automatic intensity‐based diffusion registration. The goal was to gain more local control of the region that cannot be handled properly with intensity‐based automatic image registration for cone beam CT(CBCT)images with local image artifacts. Method and Materials: The hybrid registration takes the advantage of both methods: the diffusion registration for automatic registration of the entire image and the CSRBFs spline method with limited landmark points to control the local deformation for special situations. For registration of CTimage with the CBCTimage of head and neck cancer patient, the air cavity and the image artifacts in CBCTimage are the major concern of the local CSRBFs spline registration. The control points were usually selected on the boundary of those correspondence ambiguity regions in both images. Due to the limited range of the CSRBFs, the registration will not affect the area outside of the region where the landmark points were placed. The constraint of the topology preservation involved in this algorithm ensures that the transformations are reliable and accurate. Results: we register CTimage to CBCTimages of head and neck cancer patients, and map the manual contours to daily CBCTimage using three different registration approaches. The performances of the registration algorithms were evaluated by visually assessing the agreement of the structures with the deformed contours in the CBCTimage. We found that the hybrid registration gave a better result. Conclusion: The hybrid method can handle correspondence ambiguity problem in image registration cause by air cavity and image artifacts in CBCTimages. It can also improve the registration accuracy without significantly increasing the registration time. Research is sponsored in part by Varian.
Sharpening the tools for prostate cancer detection in the PSA era: what's the point?

Endostatin Expression by MDA-MB-435 Breast Cancer Cells Effectively Inhibits Tumor Growth Karen Liby, Bonnie Neltner, Lisa Mohamet , Craig Burd and Nira Ben-Jonathan View Abstract Vol: 2 | Issue: 1 | pgs: NA | Research Paper Login to View Article Commentary to: Post-Biopsy Rise in Serum PSA : A Potential Tool for the Dynamic Evaluation of Prostate Cancer/Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) Shiv Bhanot, R. Gopalakrishnan and R.T.D. Oliver
Rational design of mesoporous NiFe-alloy-based hybrids for oxygen conversion electrocatalysis

A mesoporous NiFe-based alloy was synthesized through a hard-template technique and investigated as the electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Precious metal-free elements, i.e., nitrogen (N), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe), were merged together through either doping or alloying to form a mesoporous structure supporting NiFe-alloy electrocatalyst (m-NiFe/CNx). The synergetic effects from multiple active sites, in combination with structural merits, endowed the m-NiFe/CNx electrocatalyst with an excellent electrocatalytic activity for both OER and ORR, including high activity, fast kinetics, modest overpotential, and excellent stability. The m-NiFe/CNx also featured a simple and scalable synthesis process with a low cost, which makes it an attractive alternative catalyst to precious metal-based electrocatalysts for OER and ORR.
Temperature dependence of the matrix isolation spectrum of benzene

t r u m of benzene for the ma t r i x formed at 20.4°K consists of single bands (the 0 + 516 t rans i t ion along wi th the 923 v ib ra t ion and i ts over tones) . This resul t is consis tent wi th the d a t a of D i a m a n t et al. (1). The spec t ra ob ta ined at 4.2°K and 17.5°K were composed of double ts (the 0 -t516 and 0 -t95 + 516 for 4 .2°K and the 0 -k 516 and 0 + 93 ~516 for 17.5°K toge ther wi th the 923 v ibra t ion) . T h e ra t io of in tens i ty of the double t s is 2.5 to 1 at 4 .2°K and 1 to 1.1 a t 17.5°K, as shown in Fig. 1. The double t s t ruc tu re observed a t 17.5°K pers is ted when the m a t r i x formed a t 17.5°K was ra ised to 20.4 ° K. The d a t a r epo r t ed for 17.5°K and 20.4°K were ob ta ined on a 2.2-m M e P h e r s o n spec t rograph equ ipped wi th a 1200 lines pe r m m grat ing. An Ai r P r o d u c t s
Lorazepam and pentobarbital discrimination: Interactions with CGS 8216 and caffeine

Abstract Baboons and rats were trained under a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure. The training drug was either lorazepam (1.0 mg/kg) or pentobarbital (5.6 mg/kg in baboons, 10.0 mg/kg in rats). Under test conditions, a range of training drug doses occasioned 100% drug lever responding. CGS 8216 (3.2–10.0 mg/kg) combined with lorazepam produced a complete shift to the no-drug lever in both species; this shift was surmountable with higher doses of lorazepam. CGS 8216 (32.0 mg/kg) combined with pentobarbital produced a statistically significant decrease in drug-lever responding in rats, and in baboons CGS 8216 initially, but not subsequently, produced a complete shift to the no-drug lever. Caffeine (0.32–10.0 mg/kg) combined with lorazepam inconsistently decreased drug-lever responding across multiple determinations in baboons and significantly decreased drug lever responding in rats. Caffeine combined with pentobarbital also yielded an inconsistent decrease in drug lever responding in baboons but there was no effect in rats. Thus the most reliable and complete antagonism across species was obtained with the CGS 8216/lorazepam combinations.
Aristophanes, Lysistrata 231

In his admirable commentary, Jeffrey Henderson notes the significance of posture and of physical setting. He does not remark that the statue of Leaina near to which Lysistrata and Kalonike are standing on the Akropolis was intimately tied to the obscure story of the later years in the Athenian tyranny. With minor variations of detail or colour the story was that Leaina, a hetaira beloved of Harmodios or Aristogeiton, had been tortured by Hippias after the murder of Hipparchos but, brave girl, had preferred to die than say yes, or indeed say anything. She bit out her tongue. The Athenians set up a bronze lioness, the work of Amphikrates, to commemorate her martyrdom.
Postcatheterization retroperitoneal hematoma due to spontaneous lumbar arterial hemorrhage

A patient developed retroperitoneal hemorrhage after cardiac catheterization, initially thought to be a complication of the puncture. Diagnostic evaluation revealed the source to be spontaneous bleeding from a lumber artery, which was successfully embolized. Spontaneous hemorrhage is a recognized complication of anticoagulation therapy and must be considered in the differential diagnosis even in the face of a seemingly obvious source of bleeding.
The Nonverbal Accommodation Analysis System (NAAS): initial application and evaluation.

Objective To describe the development, initial application, and evaluation of the Nonverbal Accommodation Analysis System (NAAS). Grounded in Communication Accommodation Theory, this coding system provides a method for analyzing physician and patient nonverbal accommodation behaviors within medical consultations.
Comparative Policy Process

Comparative Policy Process is a first-semester core course in the two-year Masters in Public Policy (MPP) program at Georgetown University’s McCourt School of Public Policy. MPP students take three...