cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unpowered wireless analog resistance sensor

Our society depends heavily on a network of buildings, bridges and roadways. In order to properly maintain this civil infrastructure and avoid damage and costly repairs due to structural failure, it is necessary to monitor the health of these structures. Sensors must frequently be placed in inaccessible locations under harsh conditions and should ideally last the lifetime of the structure the sensors are monitoring. This paper presents the development of a low cost, passive, un-powered wireless analog resistance sensor. The sensor was originally designed for monitoring corrosion in concrete, but there are many other potential applications including remote temperature monitoring, embedded accelerometers, and embedded strain gauges. The passive wireless nature makes the sensor ideally suited for embedding in inaccessible locations under harsh conditions. The sensor consists of a resonant inductor-capacitor circuit containing a resistive transducer. The sensor is interrogated by measuring the impedance through a remote, magnetically coupled reader loop. The width of the resonance is directly related to the resistance of the transducer. The sensor has been simulated under a variety of conditions using a circuit model and compared to actual test sensors built and evaluated in the laboratory.
The antiepileptic drug zonisamide inhibits MAO-B and attenuates MPTP toxicity in mice: Clinical relevance

Zonisamide is an FDA-approved antiepileptic drug that blocks voltage-dependent Na+ channels and T-type Ca2+ channels and improves clinical outcome in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients when used as an adjunct to other PD therapies. Zonisamide also modifies dopamine (DA) activity, provides protection in ischemia models and influences antioxidant systems. Thus, we tested it for its ability to protect DA neurons in a mouse model of PD and investigated mechanisms underlying its protection. Concurrent treatment of mice with zonisamide and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetraydropyridine (MPTP) attenuated the reduction in striatal contents of DA, its metabolite DOPAC and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). We also discovered that zonisamide inhibited monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity in vitro with an IC50 of 25 μM, a concentration that is well within the therapeutic range used for treating epilepsy in humans. Moreover, the irreversible binding of systemically administered selegiline to MAO-B in mouse brain was attenuated by zonisamide as measured by ex vivo assays. Zonisamide treatment alone did not produce any lasting effects on ex vivo MAO-B activity, indicating that it is a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme. Consistent with the effects of zonisamide on MAO-B, the striatal content of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which is derived from the administered MPTP via MAO-B actions, was substantially reduced in mice treated with MPTP and zonisamide. The potency and reversibility with which zonisamide blocks MAO-B may contribute to the ability of the drug to improve clinical symptoms in PD patients. The results also suggest that caution in its use may be necessary, especially when administered with other drugs, in the treatment of epilepsy or PD.
Tables and Large-Sample Distribution Theory for Censored-Data Correlation Statistics for Testing Normality

Abstract Plotting order statistics versus some variant of the normal scores is a standard graphical technique for assessing the assumption of normality. To obtain an objective evaluation of the normal assumption, it is customary to calculate the correlation coefficient associated with this plot. The Shapiro—Francia statistic is the square of the correlation between the observed order statistics and the expected values of standard normal order statistics, whereas the Shapiro—Wilk statistic also involves the covariances of the standard normal order statistics. In a wide variety of applications, an investigation of the plausibility of the normal (or lognormal) model is needed when the observations on strength or life length are right-censored. The plotting procedure still applies if the observations are censored at a fixed order statistic or a fixed time. Here, the corresponding distribution theory for some modified versions of the Shapiro—Wilk correlation statistic is investigated. Because the asymptotic th...
Removal rate of zinc from coal bottom ash in aqueous solutions

Abstract The leaching of inorganics including heavy metals from coal ashes has recently received extensive attention. This study was undertaken to understand the rate of leaching of metals from coal ash and the significant factors affecting the rate, and to develop an approach to predict leaching rates. The rate of leaching of zinc was characterized quantitatively for one coal bottom ash using a pseudokinetic mechanism. The resulting rate constants were correlated over a pH range of 1.3–9.3.
Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks

This book examines the ideal of wilderness preservation in the United States from the antebellum era to the first half of the twentieth century, showing how the early conception of the wilderness as the place where Indians lived (or should live) gave way to the idealization of uninhabited wilderness. It focuses on specific policies of Indian removal developed at Yosemite, Yellowstone, and Glacier national parks from the early 1870s to the 1930s.
Electrochemical Evaluation and Surface Characterization of Josephinite as a Natural Analog for Container Materials

A sample of josephinite, a rock containing predominantly a Ni-Fe metallic phase, was evaluated as a natural metal analog to increase confidence in the assessment of waste package performance for the potential high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The josephinite sample was characterized electrochemically in simulated groundwater environments using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic tests. The passive surface layers formed potentiostatically were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These results were compared to those obtained with a synthetic Ni3Fe alloy with a chemical composition similar to that of josephinite. Electrochemical studies showed that josephinite exhibited passivity at a slightly higher pH than did the cast Ni3Fe alloy and was found to be slightly more susceptible to pitting corrosion. The passive films formed on the josephinite and the cast Ni3Fe alloy have a duplex structure consisting of an Fe-rich hydroxide outer layer and a Ni-rich oxide inner layer. Results obtained from this study provide an appropriate characterization of the environmental conditions leading to the passivity and localized corrosion of josephinite. Extended persistence of a stable passive film, however, is essential for the long-term stability of the josephinite sample. The relationship between the passive behavior and the formation of alteration layers needs to be established for assessing the survivability of josephinite.
Sport-related attitudes and the-Philosophies of Human Nature Scale.

The revised Philosophies of Human Nature scale was presented to 94 females and 94 males to develop normative data. There were no significant sex differences in the norms. A questionnaire about sports was presented at the same time to determine relationships between the two scales. Females who claimed frequent sports participation were less likely to have an internal locus of control and were less likely to believe that human beings are complex than females who claimed infrequent participation. A comparison of those who like and dislike sports gave no significant difference for either sex on the sub-scales of Philosophies of Human Nature. The findings are consistent with previous research which generally shows little or no effect of interest or participation in sports on personality traits. Language: en
Methodology for Variable Fidelity Multistage Optimization Under Uncertainty

A new methodology for solving optimization under uncertainty problems with multiobjective function, variable-fidelity, mixed-variable characteristics is proposed. Quantifying uncertainty in the design, analysis, and optimization of high cost complex systems such as launch vehicles promises significant payoffs in understanding and reducing system development costs and risk. However, the characteristics of these types of complex system during the early research and development pose several challenges to current optimization methodologies. These unique characteristics include the presence of uncertain parameters of both aleatory and epistemic types. Some of the latter vary quantitatively in time as the design iterations progress and higher fidelity tools are applied to the system design and its design space. A review of applicable optimization under uncertainty literature is described. The capabilities of previous methodologies are compared to the characteristics of optimization under uncertainty problems typical in design of complex systems in a multistage acquisition environment. A set of extensions to previous optimization under uncertainty methods are proposed for a new optimization algorithm and a single-stage-toorbit engineering design problem has been formulated to test the new method.
Hängt die wirkung eines phantoms von seinem Typ ab

Phantome sind Optionen, die einem Entscheider zwar bewusst sind, die er aber nicht wahlen kann. Fur das Verhalten von Konsumenten spielen Phantome eine wichtige Rolle. Phantome liegen zum Beispiel vor, wenn ein Kunde ein Produkt kaufen mochte, welches der Handler nicht vorratig hat (Stockout), wenn Information uber ein neues Produkt verfugbar ist, das Produkt aber noch nicht am Markt eingefuhrt ist (Preannouncement), wenn zeitliche oder finanzielle Restriktionen die Wahl einer bestimmten Option verhindern, wenn einem Nachfrager bestimmte Produkte nur zum Schein angeboten werden oder wenn ein Konsument weis, dass ein bestimmtes Produkt vor Kurzem billiger war als zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob die Wirkung von Phantomen davon abhangt, welcher Typ von Phantom (Stockout, Preannoucement, Restriktionen) vorliegt. Die aus Laborexperimenten erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Phantome Praferenzen in systematischer Weise beeinflussen und dass es nicht wesentlich darauf ankommt, welchem Typ das Phantom zugerechnet wird.
A census of the Carina complex

Dust and glowing hydrogen obscure the Carina complex at visible wavelengths. An X-ray study, combined with infrared surveys, provides knowledge of newly formed stellar associations and past supernova explosions in this system.
“Born from the Earth”: The Political Uses of an Athenian Myth

This paper analyzes the evolution of Athenian myths of their origins from the eighth century to the fourth century BCE. The analysis shows that Athenian myths of origins changed in emphasis and significance according to political needs. In the earliest period (c.800–480 BCE), the Athenians emphasized their descent from earthborn kings who were nurtured by Athena. In this way, the Athenians laid claim to the territory of Attica and to a place in the panhellenic cultural landscape through their connection to Athena. By the mid-fifth century, Athenian myths of origins shifted emphasis in order to stress Athenian superiority over the other Greeks, especially their chief rivals, the Spartans. At this time, the Athenians adopted a new term to describe their origins, namely autochthony. Through this term, the Athenians emphasized their continuous habitation of the territory of Attica, in opposition to those cities (especially Sparta) whose population had emigrated from elsewhere. By the fourth century BCE, the myth changed emphasis again. At this time the Athenians focused on their common birth from the same mother (earth) as a way of affirming the principle of political equality among citizens following the restoration of democracy after the bloody oligarchic revolutions of the late fifth century.
Discussion of ‘thermals over the sea and gull flight behavior’ by A. H. Woodcock

Woodcock's (1975) refined plot of herring gull flight behavior on a diagram of wind speed versus sea-air temperature difference is shown to agree very satisfactorily with expectations derived from free-convection scaling arguments. However, his conclusion that under certain very weak wind conditions, a flock of gulls floating at sea can take off and quickly create a tall thermal suitable for soaring flight was not supported by a causal mechanism. A different hypothesis is that under those conditions, the gulls while on the sea surface can detect the near approach of a dominant thermal, as by sensing the occurrence of an essentially calm region marking the base of the updraft, and then can take off, circle, and quickly locate the nearby thermal.
Organizing state dermatologic societies.

When one thinks of dermatology responding to legislative and regulatory situations, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) immediately comes to mind. Although the AAD is clearly the preeminent organization in this specialty, there are situations in which the AAD can succeed far more efficiently with the cooperation of a state dermatologic society. Every year, regulations that affect dermatologists' practices are promulgated by state legislatures (e.g., direct access legislation), boards of medicine (e.g., office surgery rules), and departments of insurance. Despite the importance of state dermatologic societies, there is virtually nothing in print concerning the establishment and nurturing of these groups. At present, the level to which dermatologists have organized varies strikingly among the states as reflected in the directory of local, state, and regional dermatologic societies published annually by the AAD. 3 Several states have long-established state dermatologic societies that sponsor well-attended annual meetings, provide major member benefits, and have achieved meaningful legislative and regulatory successes. This is not the case uniformly, however. Many dermatologists practice in states where there are no established state dermatologic societies. They are fundamentally unable to confront state legislative or regulatory challenges with a united front. At best, they attempt to organize loosely and sporadically in response to intermittent challenges. This article presents several constructive ideas for forming or strengthening state dermatologic societies.
Wanzia fako, a new genus and species of spider from Cameroon (Araneae: Cyatholipidae)

The new genus and species Wanzia fako (Araneac, Cyatholipidae) is described from Cameroon. It is related to the genera Isicabu (from southern and eastern Africa), Scharffa (from East Africa) and Alaranea (from Madagascar).
Sex Hormones and Lipid Interactions: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Estrogens and androgens have opposing effects on lipoprotein lipids. Progestins fall in between depending on their androgenicity. Estrogens raise plasma triglyceride concentrations but lower remnant and LDL and raise HDL levels while progestins and androgens lower triglyceride concentrations, raise
Infrared spectrum and vibrational potential function of amide ion

Abstract The infrared spectra of solid NaNH 2 , NaNHD, NaND 2 in Nujol mulls are given. The NH 2 − fundamental frequencies are: ν 1 , 3212·5; ν 2 , 1539·5; ν 3 , 3263·0 cm −1 . These and the isotopic data, coupled with an estimated NH bond length of 1·03 ± 0·02 A (giving a bond angle of 104·6°), yield the valence bond force constants: K r = 5·72 × 10 5 dyn/cm, K α = 0·76 × 10 −11 ergs/rad 2 , K rr = − 0·11 × 10 5 dyn/cm, K rα = −0·31 × 10 −3 dyn/rad. The K α value is quite close to that of water, K r is about 20 → 25% lower than that of water, and the interaction force constants have the same signs as those of water and similar magnitudes. Comparison to the spectra of H 2 O, HOD and D 2 O in copper chloride dihydrate suggests the effect of the crystalline environment.
Competitive adsorption study of CO2 and SO2 on CoII3[CoIII(CN)6]2 using DRIFTS.

Abstract Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to study the competitive adsorption of CO2 and SO2 on the cobalt Prussian blue analogue CoII3[CoIII(CN)6]2 at 298 K. Characteristic peaks for adsorbed CO2 and SO2 species were identified and their relative areas, measured simultaneously as a function of pressure at 298 K, varied in accordance with a Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm fitted to both gases in the low-coverage Henry's Law limit. Evidence for co-adsorption of trace water was also obtained, as well as the apparent formation of an analogous cobalt nitroprusside compound as a reaction product under certain conditions. The several aspects of the adsorption of CO2 and SO2 determined in this work point to an important role for real-time diffuse reflectance infrared measurements in adsorption studies, particularly in the case of competitive adsorption where the occurrence and fate of molecular-level markers arising from more than one adsorbed species can be monitored simultaneously. Depending on the application, this may more than offset certain quantitative limitations of the technique that confine measurements to a relatively narrow set of experimental conditions and demand careful consideration of the effects of sample preparation and treatment.
Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle

Comparison of seismic velocities in mantle minerals, under mantle conditions, with seismic data is a first step toward constraining mantle chemistry. The calculation, however, is uncertain due to lack of data on certain physical properties. “Global” systematics have not proved very useful in estimating these properties, particularly for the shear parameters. A new approach to elasticity estimation is used in this study to produce estimates of unknown quantities, primarily pressure and temperature derivatives of elastic moduli, from the structural and chemical trends evident in the large amount of elasticity data now available. These trends suggest that the derivatives of unmeasured high-pressure phases can be estimated from “analogous” low-pressure phases. Using these predictions and the best available measurements, seismic velocities are computed along high-temperature adiabats for a set of mantle minerals using third-order finite strain theory. The calculation of density and moduli at high temperature, to initiate the adiabat, must be done with care since parameters such as thermal expansion are not independent of temperature. Both compressional and shear seismic profiles are well-matched by a mineralogy dominated by clinopyroxene and garnet and with an olivine content of approximately 40% by volume. Between 670 and 1000 km, perovskite alone provides a good fit to the seismic velocities. Combining seismic velocities with recent phase equilibria data for a hypothetical pure olivine mantle suggests that a mineralogy with a maximum of 35% olivine (shear profile) or 40–53% olivine (compressional profile) by volume can satisfy the constraint imposed by the 400-km discontinuity. Other features of the upper mantle can then be matched by appropriate combinations of pyroxenes, garnets, and their high-pressure equivalents. While mantle models with a substantially larger fraction of olivine cannot be ruled out, they are acceptable only if the derivatives of the spinel phases are substantially different from olivine and deviate from trends in the larger data set.
Bnip3L is induced by p53 under hypoxia, and its knockdown promotes tumor growth

p53-dependent apoptosis is a major determinant of its tumor suppressor activity and can be triggered by hypoxia. No p53 target is known to be induced by p53 or to mediate p53-dependent apoptosis during hypoxia. We report that p53 can directly upregulate expression of Bnip3L, a cell death inducer. During hypoxia, Bnip3L is highly induced in wild-type p53-expressing cells, in part due to increased recruitment of p53 and CBP to Bnip3L. Apoptosis is reduced in hypoxia-exposed cells with functional p53 following Bnip3L knockdown. In vivo, Bnip3L knockdown promotes tumorigenicity of wild-type versus mutant p53-expressing tumors. Thus, Bnip3L, capable of attenuating tumorigenicity, mediates p53-dependent apoptosis under hypoxia, which provides a novel understanding of p53 in tumor suppression.
NITROGEN FIXATION IN CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA. II. SYNOPTIC STUDIES ON THE AUTUMN ANABAENA BLOOM1

Nitrogen fixation at three stages of an autumnal bloom of Anabaena circinulis was measured after almost simultaneous collection at up to 32 stations in Clear Lake and algal hetcrocysts, phytoplankton cell numbers, NO,-N, NIL-N, dissolved organic-N, POh-P, Fe, primary production, particulate carbon, and chlorophyll a were also measured. Nitrogen fixation was significantly and positively correlated to Anabaena heterocyst numbers (P > 0.001 ), negatively correlated to NO,-N (P > 0.01 ), and positively correlated to dissolved organic-N (P > 0.01) and PO,-P (I’ > 0.05). A negative correlation with NH4 is probable; no significant relationship was found with the other variables mcasurcd. An cxplanation of the apparent restriction of substantial cyanophyccan Nz fixation to nonoligotrophic waters is proposed. The results arc consistent with the theory that heterocysts are responsible for Nz fixation in situ under oxic conditions.
A communication therapy program in a hearing and speech center

Abstract This paper describes the utilization of communication therapy for child, parent and staff as a therapeutic modality in the habilitation-rehabilitation of hearing, language and/or speech skills. Communication therapy is presented as a means of facilitating the total psychosocial development of the child and of supplementing traditional hearing, language and/or speech therapies. The theoretical rationale for the orientation is presented and the reorganization of a Hearing and Speech Center necessary to integrate this modality is developed. Emphasis is on the human dynamics involved in both the child being treated as well as the treatment community.
Growth gradients in fish larvae

Relative growth intensity of various longitudinally measured body segments in larvae of several species of fishes was distributed across the body in a continuous, U-shaped gradient. Juveniles lacked a simple pattern of growth but appeared to grow nearly isometrically. Body depth exhibited a shallow, U-shaped gradient while body width lacked a discernible pattern. Most intense growth, in three orthogonal planes, occurred posteriorly, probably promoting effective swimming early in life.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Target for Therapy?

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have an increased mortality and morbidity similar to patients with systolic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.1 The incidence of HFpEF is increasing,2 and roughly 30% to 50% of all patients with heart failure have a normal ejection fraction.3 The underlying pathophysiology is increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness that leads to high filling pressures.4,5 Additionally, left ventricular hypertrophy,6 accumulation of cardiac collagen,7 endothelial dysfunction,8 a shift in titin isoform, and increased passive stiffness of cardiac myocytes9 all contribute to these changes. For reasons that are yet uncertain, a subset of patients with HFpEF will go on to develop pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients with HFpEF and PH can be subdivided into those with a normal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and those with an increased PVR and pulmonary arterial remodeling. In fact, patients with HFpEF account for a significant percentage of patients with PH and right-sided heart dysfunction.10 Article see p 164 Importantly, both PH and right ventricular dysfunction are associated with decreased survival compared with HFpEF patients without PH.11 Although the underlying pathophysiology is poor left ventricular diastolic compliance, treatment focused on improving stiffness has been lacking, and management of patients with HFpEF has focused on control of factors known to exert effects on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. The main emphasis has been on aggressive treatment of systemic blood pressure and heart rate, limiting pressure and volume overload of …
Chlorofluorocarbons and the environment

Resume Une reglementation plus stricte de l'utilisation des chlorofluorocarbones aura des effets importants sur l'industrie du froid. On etudie ceux-ci et l'on examine des produits de remplacement possibles pour les chlorofluorocarbones.
Perspectives on politeness.

Abstract This paper reviews four current approaches to an account of politeness: the social-norm view; the conversational-maxim view; the face-saving view; and the conversational-contract view. A characterization is given for each, followed by a discussion of certain salient aspects of the approach. While none of the views is considered adequate, the face-saving view is seen as the most clearly articulated and most thoroughly worked out, therefore providing the best framework within which to raise the crucial questions about politeness that must now be addressed.
Effect of calcium fluoride concentration on nylon 6,6 crystallization behavior and morphology

Nylon 6,6 (polyamide 6,6) heterogeneously nucleated with ca. 65 ppm calcium fluoride exhibits crystallization behavior and morphology characteristic of much higher levels of nucleating agent. This is shown using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1675–1678, 1998
Comparative value of dry and liquid hemicellulose extract and liquid cane molasses for lactating dairy cows.

Abstract Grain rations containing 10% liquid cane molasses, liquid hemicellulose extract, or dry hemicellulose extract were compared using three groups of five cows each in five 3 × 3 Latin squares where each period was five weeks. The three groups of cows responded to changes in rations similarly, with no statistically significant differences among the three rations in milk production, milk composition, grain intake, palatability, hay intake, or body weight. It was concluded that either liquid or dry hemicellulose extract when comprising 10% of the grain ration was equal to cane molasses for lactating dairy cows.
QoS-LI: QoS loss inference in disadvantaged networks -- part II

The Quality-of-Service (QoS) in disadvantaged networks is a function of many parameters, including the nature of the physical link over which the disadvantaged network operates. While there exist mechanisms (like specialized versions of TCP) to account for their nature and operate optimally over disadvantaged networks, their operation under adversarial conditions have not been investigated. In our prior work [17], we presented a game theoretic framework to infer the nature of a QoS loss in disadvantaged networks. In this work, we present the translation of the theoretical framework to a satellite based disadvantaged network. We show the feasibility of the game theoretic formulations in satellite networks through simulations in Opnet.
Multidrug Efflux Transporters Limit Accumulation of Inorganic, but Not Organic, Mercury in Sea Urchin Embryos

Mercuric compounds are persistent global pollutants that accumulate in marine organisms and in humans who consume them. While the chemical cycles and speciation of mercury in the oceans are relatively well described, the cellular mechanisms that govern which forms of mercury accumulate in cells and why they persist are less understood. In this study we examined the role of multidrug efflux transport in the differential accumulation of inorganic (HgCl(2)) and organic (CH(3)HgCl) mercury in sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) embryos. We found that inhibition of MRP/ABCC-type transporters increases intracellular accumulation of inorganic mercury but had no effect on accumulation of organic mercury. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of metal conjugating enzymes by ligands GST/GSH significantly increases this antimitotic potency of inorganic mercury, but had no effect on the potency of organic mercury. Our results point to MRP-mediated elimination of inorganic mercury conjugates as a cellular basis for differences in the accumulation and potency of the two major forms of mercury found in marine environments.
New clinical and ultrastructural findings in hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy—a report of 2 cases

Hydroxychloroquine- or chloroquine -induced cardiomyopathy is a rare but potentially fatal condition. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are often used for long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases and for malaria prophylaxis. Hydroxychloroquine- and chloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy have well-described microscopic features, with the classic electron microscopic findings of myelin figures (myeloid bodies). We report on 2 new cases with novel findings. The first case, in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, was found to have megamitochondria in addition to myelin figures seen by electron microscopy. The second report describes the first case of hydroxychloroquine cardiomyopathy described in a patient with scleroderma. These novel findings will add to the present knowledge of hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy in its pathology and its implication for treatment of rheumatic diseases.
Accelerator and feedback control simulation using neural networks

Neural networks can adapt as the dynamics of a process changes with time. Using a process model, the accelerator network is first trained to simulate the dynamics of the beam for a given beam line. This accelerator network is then used to train a second controller network which performs the control function. In simulation, the networks are used to adjust corrector magnets to control the launch angle and position of the beam to keep it on the desired trajectory when the incoming beam is perturbed. >
American Collegiate Men’s Ice Hockey An Analysis of Injuries

BackgroundReported rates and types of ice hockey injuries have been variable. Ice hockey combines tremendous speeds with aggressive physical play and therefore has great inherent potential for injury.PurposeTo identify rates and determinants of injury in American men's collegiate ice hockey.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsData were collected from 8 teams in a Division I athletic conference for 1 season using an injury reporting form specific for ice hockey.ResultsThere were a total of 113 injuries in 23 096 athlete exposures. Sixty-five percent of injuries occurred during games, although games accounted for only 23% of all exposures. The overall injury rate was 4.9 per 1000 athlete exposures (13.8 per 1000 game athlete exposures and 2.2 per 1000 practice athlete exposures). Collision with an opponent (32.8%) or the boards (18.6%) caused more than half of all injuries. Concussion (18.6%) was the most common injury, followed by knee medial collateral ligament sprains, acromioclavicular joint inj...
Printed Circuit Motors for High-Speed Incrementing of Inertial and Dissipative Loads

As a high-speed incrementer, the printed circuit motor, while less accurate than a detented incrementer, provides unusual flexibility and reliability with relatively simple input controls. This paper presents an analysis of printed circuit motor response to a unit step of input voltage for incrementing purely inertial and dissipative loads. Incrementing is stable and quite accurate if sufficient friction damping is provided. Input power requirements can be accurately predicted in terms of motor and load parameters, increment displacement, and increment time. Average power during an increment varies approximately as J2, ?2, and (1/T)4. Armature heating dictates maximum input power and incrementing rate. With external cooling and 120 watts average input power, a combined load of 0.009 oz-in-sec2 moment of inertia, 10.8 oz-in/100 rpm eddy current damping, and 20 oz-in friction damping was incremented at a continuous rate of 150 steps/sec for 5° increments with ±6 per cent accuracy.
Calibration of a Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

A series of calibration measurements was done on a 600 mm × 600 mm heat flow meter apparatus. Several specimens of medium density glass fiber in sulation and expanded polystyrene insulation were us...
Behavioral Tactics of Male Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under Varying Operational Sex Ratios

Previous studies have demonstrated several reproductive-behavior patterns in male salmon, including competitive and sneaking tactics, the formation of hierarchies, and non-hierarchical aggregations around ripe females. Through behavioral observations at varying spatial and temporal scales, we examined the hypothesis that operational sex ratio (OSR) determines male sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) distribution and breeding tactics. Patterns of male distribution and behavior varied over both coarse and fine scales, associated with apparent shifts in reproductive opportunities, the physical characteristics of the breeding sites, and the deterioration of the fish as they approached death. Females spawned completely within a few days of arriving on the spawning grounds, whereas males courted the available ripe females from the date of their arrival on the spawning ground until their death. This difference in reproductive lifespans tended to elevate late-season OSRs but was partially counterbalanced by male departures and the arrival of other ripe females. The proportion of males able to dominate access to ripe females decreased and the number of large courting groups increased over the course of the season, apparently related to both increasing OSR and the deteriorating physical condition of males. However, great variation in OSR was observed within the spawning sites on a given day. OSRs were generally higher in shallow than in deep water, perhaps because larger females or more desirable breeding sites were concentrated in shallow water. The aggregations of males courting females were not stable (i.e. many arrivals and departures took place) and male aggression varied with group size. Aggression was most frequent at low OSRs and in groups of intermediate size (2–4 males per female), and much less frequent in larger groups, consistent with the needs of maximizing reproductive opportunities while minimizing unproductive energy expenditure. These results indicate that, while OSR strongly influences male distribution and behavior, other factors such as physical condition, limited movement and habitat choice may also affect male reproductive opportunities.
Walking the Talk: The Performance of Authenticity in Public Engagement Work

This article examines the performative work of consultants who facilitate public engagement (PE) processes in organizations. Using multimethod ethnography, I find that PE practitioners reconcile tensions between the logics they promote in two different ways. Viewed from one perspective, PE practitioners are agentive entrepreneurs, adeptly negotiating competing logics to reform organizations; viewed from another, they exert a great deal of energy performing rituals that integrate their challenger identities with their elite status as management consultants. Scholars have argued that such contradictions reveal institutional indeterminacy. I argue that the performance of democratic authenticity in PE is both politicizing and depoliticizing.
Neighborhood Context and Media Constructions of Murder: A Multilevel Analysis of Homicide Newspaper Coverage in Los Angeles County

Utilizing data from multiple local newspapers, this study examines disparities in the presence/absence and amount of newspaper coverage given to homicide victims in Los Angeles County, California. Multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions indicate that the level of economic disadvantage and percentage of minority residents in/around the crime scene neighborhood negatively affects the presence/absence and rate of newspaper coverage. These findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the role of neighborhoods in the production of newspaper stories. This study has implications for the social construction of and criminal justice response to crime.
Empiric Carbapenem Monotherapy in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients

OBJECTIVE:To determine which carbapenem (imipenem/cilastatin or meropenem) was the preferable empiric antibiotic monotherapy in pre-engrafted pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients in terms of patient tolerance, therapeutic efficacy, and cost.METHODS:We prospectively analyzed 16 pediatric BMT patients who received meropenem, and retrospectively analyzed 16 matched patients who had received imipenem/cilastatin for BMT procedures during the prior 2-year period. We evaluated the patients for evidence of bacterial infection, necessity for concurrent antibiotics, vomiting episodes, duration of concurrent total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and cost of therapy.RESULTS:We found no differences in the number of culture proven or clinically suspected breakthrough bacterial infections or the need for concurrent additional antibiotics between the groups. Our analysis found that patients who received meropenem experienced significantly less vomiting than those in the imipenem/cilastatin cohort. Our data showed ...
The consequences of “school improvement”: Examining the association between two standardized assessments measuring school improvement and student science achievement

For more than half a century concerns about the ability of American students to compete in a global workplace focused policymakers' attention on improving school performance generally, and student achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) specifically. In its most recent form—No Child Left Behind—there is evidence this focus led to a repurposing of instructional time to dedicate more attention to tested subjects. While this meant a narrowing of the curriculum to focus on English and mathematics at the elementary level, the effects on high school curricula have been less clear and generally absent from the research literature. In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between school improvement efforts and student achievement in science and thus explore the intersection of school reform and STEM policies. We used school-level data on state standardized test scores in English and math to identify schools as either improving or declining over three consecutive years. We then compared the science achievement of students from these schools as measured by the ACT Science exams. Our findings from three consecutive cohorts, including thousands of high school students who attended 12th grade in 2008, 2009, and 2010 indicate that students attending improving schools identified by state administered standardized tests generally performed no better on a widely administered college entrance exam with tests in science, math and English. In 2010, students from schools identified as improving in English scored nearly one-half of a point lower than their peers from declining schools on both the ACT Science and Math exams. We discuss various interpretations and implications of these results and suggest areas for future research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 804–830, 2012
The Spatial Pattern of Black-White Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas: An Exploratory Analysis:

This paper extends the discussion of the spatial Gini index proposed by Dawkins. Two spatial Gini indices, a nearest neighbour index and a monocentric index, are calculated for a sample of 237 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). For this sample of MSAs, an exploratory analysis is conducted to determine the relationship between the two spatial Gini indices and other traditional measures of residential segregation. Spatial segregation patterns across US census regions and selected US metropolitan areas are also examined. The analysis suggests that the Gini index provides a useful basis for a multidimensional investigation of residential segregation.
The effects of neurotransmitters on the integrative properties of spinal neurons in the lamprey

1. The integrative behavior of lamprey central neurons was analyzed by white noise frequency domain methods and simulated with a minimal, non-linear neuronal model consisting of two voltage-dependent processes: (i) a depolarizing inwardly directed conductance carrying calcium and monovalent ions and (ii) a repolarizing outwardly directly conductance representing a generalized potassium conductance. In addition to normal properties, the effects of neurotransmitters were interpreted with the model. Specifically, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced properties were simulated under conditions where the intrinsic voltage dependence of the potassium channels was constrained by properties of lamprey neurons. However, the NMDA channel kinetics were fixed by the single-channel properties of other neurons. The effects of focally applied neurotransmitters on the membrane properties of intact spinal cord neurons were quantitatively described with a reduced neuronal model that was also used to simulate transmitter-induced responses. In addition, transmitters were also released synaptically by KCl depolarization of projecting neurons. 2. Both synaptically released transmitters and focally applied putative excitatory or inhibitory transmitters directly applied to the spinal cord generally resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of the impedance function that was modeled by a decrease in membrane resistance (shunting effect). 3. Local application of the inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) led to small voltage responses when recorded near the resting potential. However, large decreases in the magnitude of the impedance function were observed in both current-clamp or voltage-clamp recording modes. 4. The excitatory amino acids quisqualate, kainate and glutamate evoked depolarizations in current clamp that activated intrinsic voltage-dependent conductances and obscured the direct effects of the transmitters. Under voltage-clamp conditions these transmitters caused a small decrease in the impedance magnitude that could be modeled by a shunt. 5. In contrast to the other excitatory amino acids, NMDA elicited large increases, rather than decreases, in both the magnitude and the phase lag of the impedance function. These changes were modeled by a negative conductance (a voltage-dependent conductance that produces an inward current). 6. The reduced neuron model provides an experimentally based description of the highly oscillatory and non-linear responses observed during NMDA activation of the spinal neurons involved in the pattern generation of locomotion. Simulations of sustained oscillatory behaviors consistent with experimental observations were carried out to illustrate the NMDA-induced integrative properties of central neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Whole-body distribution of americium in rats for different pathways of intake.

AbstractPurpose: To compare data on the whole-body distribution of americium-241 (241Am) in rats following intravenous injection (IV), inhalation, and wound (intramuscular injection, IM).Material and methods: Following exposure, each rat was placed in an individual metabolism cages for the duration of the study, 28 days (d). Urine and feces were collected daily. Tissues and organs were collected and measured.Results: Liver and skeleton were the main sites of deposition for all routes of exposure but the content differed substantially. By 28 d, 241Am content in liver was similar for IV and IM administrations (12 ± 4% and 14 ± 5%, respectively), which was 3-fold higher compared to inhalation. Americium-241 content in skeleton was 27% by the end of the IV study; which was 50% higher compared to the IM study and 6-fold higher compared to inhalation. The cumulative excretion in 28 d was 54% for IV (44% by feces and 10% by urine); 38% for IM (34% by feces and 4% by urine); and 84% for inhalation (83% by feces a...
Sensor-Assisted Codebook-Based Beamforming for Mobility Management in 60 GHz WLANs

The potential to provide multi-gbps throughput has made 60 GHz communication an attractive choice for next-generation WLANs. Due to highly directional nature of the communication, a 60 GHz link faces frequent outages in the presence of mobility. In this work, we present a sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam width adaptation and beam switching to address the mobility challenges in 60 GHz WLANs. First, we show that by combining antenna element selection with codebook design, it is possible to generate a multilevel codebook that can cover different beam forming directions with many possible beam widths and directive gain. Second, we propose that accelerometer and magnetometer sensors which are commonly available on mobile devices can be used to better account for mobility, and perform near-real time beam width adaptation and beam switching. We evaluate the sensor-assisted multi-level codebook-based beam forming with trace-driven simulations using real mobility traces. Numeric evaluation shows that such beam forming can maintain the connectivity over 84% of the time even in presence of high device mobility.
High resolution microendoscopy with structured illumination and Lugol's iodine staining for evaluation of breast cancer architecture

Intraoperative margin assessment to evaluate resected tissue margins for neoplastic tissue is performed to prevent reoperations following breast-conserving surgery. High resolution microendoscopy (HRME) can rapidly acquire images of fresh tissue specimens, but is limited by low image contrast in tissues with high optical scattering. In this study we evaluated two techniques to reduce out-of-focus light: HRME image acquisition with structured illumination (SI-HRME) and topical application of Lugol’s Iodine. Fresh breast tissue specimens from 19 patients were stained with proflavine alone or Lugol’s Iodine and proflavine. Images of tissue specimens were acquired using a confocal microscope and an HRME system with and without structured illumination. Images were evaluated based on visual and quantitative assessment of image contrast. The highest mean contrast was measured in confocal images stained with proflavine. Contrast was significantly lower in HRME images stained with proflavine; however, incorporation of structured illumination significantly increased contrast in HRME images to levels comparable to that in confocal images. The addition of Lugol’s Iodine did not increase mean contrast significantly for HRME or SI-HRME images. These findings suggest that structured illumination could potentially be used to increase contrast in HRME images of breast tissue for rapid image acquisition.
What Predicts Dissemination Efforts among Public Health Researchers in the United States

Objectives.We identified factors related to dissemination efforts by researchers to non-research audiences to reduce the gap between research generation and uptake in public health practice.Methods...
Coccidial infections of the ileum, colon, and ceca of the chick and nutrient absorption.

Abstract DIRECT measurements of nutrient absorption from disease-damaged intestines in which the type, location, and severity of the damage were controlled have shown that the location of the disease damage as well as its severity and the type of nutrient under consideration are important factors in determining the amount of the nutrient absorbed. Previous work (Turk and Stephens, 1967c), using the protozoan parasite Eimeria acervulina to infect the upper half of the small intestine, has shown that absorption of iodine-131-labeled oleic acid and Zn-65 were decreased to approximately the same extent during the acute phase of the infection. However, when the infecting organism used was Eimeria necatrix, which attacks the mid-portion of the small intestine, zinc absorption (Turk and Stephens, 1966) was much more severely decreased then was oleic acid absorption (Turk and Stephens, 1967a) during the course of the infection. An infection of the ceca, produced by Eimeria tenella, affected…