cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computerized geriatric assessment for geriatric care management

Geriatric care management refers to the multidis­ ciplinary accumulation and analysis of data regarding an elderly patient, with associated management deci­ sions and implementation follow-up. Included in this concept is gatekeeping, coordination of care, making initial referrals, and evaluating new and ongoing med­ ical concerns via comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The care/case manager could be anyone of the various team members, be it the primary care physi­ cian, nurse, social worker, therapist, psychologist, etc. From a practical standpoint, the physician is usu­ ally the person who must approve proposed man­ agement options, wherever they originate. This paper describes a computer software pro­ gram designed to allow performance of these func­ tional assessments in a streamlined, cost-effective manner with a minimum of additional staff. The soft­ ware program was developed and tested in the au­ thor's solo primary care geriatric practice. The actu­ al administration of the evaluation, consisting of the computer-prompted interview, lasts about 1-1/2 hours, depending on the cognitive status of the client. Since cognitive status is assessed early in the interview, it is suggested that if the patient scores below 26 on the Mini-Mental State Exam, a corroborating person must be in attendance. If the interview is conducted at the client's home, using a laptop computer, the Home Safety Checklist can be used as a guide for the house inspection. If the interview is conducted at the care manager's office, the client should arrive with the Home Safety Checklist al­ ready completed. Table 1 lists the tests used in this as­ sessment.
The crossed-film cryotron and its application to digital computer circuits

The name cryotron was applied by the late D. A. Buck to the superconductive relay which he described. Buck's cryotron consisted of a wire of tantalum surrounded by a coil of niobium and was operated at the boiling point of liquid helium at atmospheric pressure. At this temperature the tantalum "gate" wire was only just superconducting. By passing a sufficient current through the niobium control coil, a magnetic field was created which was sufficient to transform the tantalum gate to its resistive state.
High-speed flight in an ergodic forest

Inspired by birds flying through cluttered environments such as dense forests, this paper studies the theoretical foundations of high-speed motion through a randomly-generated obstacle field. Assuming that the locations and the sizes of the trees are determined by an ergodic point process, and under mild technical conditions on the dynamics of the bird, it is shown that the existence of an infinite collision-free trajectory through the forest exhibits a phase transition. In other words, if the bird flies faster than a certain critical speed, there is no infinite collision-free trajectory, with probability one, i.e., the bird will eventually collide with some tree, almost surely, regardless of the planning algorithm governing its motion. On the other hand, if the bird flies slower than this critical speed, then there exists at least one infinite collision-free trajectory, almost surely. Lower and upper bounds on the critical speed are derived for the special case of a Poisson forest considering a simple model for the bird's dynamics. Moreover, results from an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation study are presented. This paper also establishes novel connections between robot motion planning and statistical physics through ergodic theory and the theory of percolation, which may be of independent interest.
The role of optimality in characterizing CO2 seepage from geological carbon sequestration sites

Cortis, Oldenburg, and Benson The role of optimality in characterizing CO 2 seepage from geological carbon sequestration sites Andrea Cortis, Curtis M. Oldenburg, and Sally M. Benson Earth Sciences Division 90-1116 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. August 7, 2007 Revised: February 29, 2008 Rev. 4.4
Cross-coupling in flow

Until recently, cross-coupling reactions have been exclusively performed in batch processes. With the advent of microfluidics, significant effort has been devoted to develop a wide variety of continuous-flow techniques to facilitate organic synthesis. In this critical review, we attempt to give an overview of the different continuous-flow methodologies that have been developed and utilized for cross-coupling reactions. In addition, we attempt to point out the advantages of continuous-flow when compared with their batch counterparts (246 references).
Equipment design for maintenance: Part I — Guidelines for the practitioner

This chapter describes the guidelines for equipment design for maintenance. These guidelines can be used to determine equipment design parameters so that maintenance tasks may be simplified and performed more efficiently. Certain data are necessary to determine the effectiveness of maintenance operations and, hence, indirectly determine the effectiveness of equipment design. For example, excessive time taken to reach a failed unit may indicate that the arrangement and placement of components need improvement, that the maintenance tools used may not be compatible with the particular machine (component) design, or that the technician is lacking in skills. These data provide valuable parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of maintenance, system performance, or equipment performance. Problems can be recognized when the data for the above performance parameters or indexes show any undesirable deviation from expected values, assuming normal, or ideal conditions. Several aspects of human–equipment interaction in maintenance work must be considered when trying to find solutions to problems arising from improper equipment design. These aspects include visual access, physical access, physical mobility, technician strength, muscular and physiological endurance of the operators, cognitive and decision making demands, education and training, and industrial safety.
Effects of Furrow Diking on Corn Response to Limited and Full Sprinkler Irrigation

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a major irrigated crop in the Southern High Plains of the USA that is usually fully irrigated. The trend has been toward center pivot sprinklers equipped with low pressure, closely spaced spray heads that have a large instantaneous application rate that can cause surface water redistribution and/or runoff. This study was conducted to evaluate three surface tillage systems-furrow diking, clean furrows, and flat tillage-on corn yields and yield components during three different growing seasons under two irrigation regimes-full soil water replenishment (FI) and limited irrigation (LI), which was irrigated at the same time as FI but with one-half of the irrigation amount-in a semiarid environment at Bushland, TX. Irrigations were applied with a lateral-move sprinkler system equipped with low-drift spray nozzles. Yields were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by year and all treatments. The 1997 and 1999 yields were similar, but the 1998 yields were reduced by a combination of drought and disease. Furrow diking increased corn yields significantly across years and irrigation regimes in this semiarid environment. Irrigation regime almost doubled mean yield from 6.5 Mg ha -l to 12.6 Mg ha -l for the LI and FI regimes, respectively.
Strategic risk aversion

This article demonstrates that exaggerated risk aversion may comprise a rational form of strategic behaviour in the face of asymmetric information. Unlike some other forms of strategic behaviour analysed previously, this behaviour confers a benefit in the form of higher ex post consumption (not merely higher expected consumption or expected utility) and whether or not markets are perfectly competitive.
Magnetically insulated ion diodes for synthesis of advanced materials

Abstract Magnetically insulated ion diode technology has been used to generate intense ion beams. We have used such beams to form ablation plasmas from solid targets. Initial experiments have studied congruent deposition of complex stoichiometric thin films. Typical ion diode parameters are 400 kV and 35 kA ion beams over a pulse length of approximately 0.5 μs. Diode operation has been modeled with 2.5-D particle-in-cell simulations. These calculations allow us to unfold the dynamics of electron flow, ion flow, and their interactions to recover time-dependent impedance behavior which is in good agreement with data. Transport of the dense ion flow through an extraction section of the diode requires a high degree of charge neutralization. Self-consistent neutralization dynamics have been modeled with the simulations. We present the latest numerical results and compare them with data from the ongoing experiments.
Neurologic Music Therapy in Cognitive Rehabilitation

NEUROLOGIC MUSIC THERAPY LAST CAME INTO research and clinical focus via cognitive rehabilitation. New imaging techniques studying higher cognitive functions in the human brain 9in vivo9 and theoretical advancements in music and brain function have facilitated this development. There are shared cognitive and perceptual mechanisms and shared neural systems between musical cognition and parallel nonmusical cognitive functions that provide access for music to affect general nonmusical functions, such as memory, attention, and executive function. The emerging clinical literature shows substantial support for these effects in rehabilitative retraining of the injured brain. Key findings relevant for clinical applications of neurologic music therapy to cognitive rehabilitation are presented and discussed below.
Necessary Conditions for Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification as Derived from 11 Years of TRMM Data

AbstractRainfall and convective properties of tropical cyclones (TCs) are statistically quantified for different TC intensity change categories by using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data from December 1997 to December 2008. Four 24-h future intensity change categories are defined: rapidly intensifying (RI), slowly intensifying, neutral, and weakening. It is found that RI storms always have a larger raining area and total volumetric rain in the inner core. The maximum convective intensity in the inner core is not necessarily more intense prior to undergoing an RI episode than a slowly intensifying, neutral, or weakening episode. Instead, a minimum threshold of raining area, total volumetric rain, and convective intensity in the inner core is determined from the RI cases examined in this study. The following necessary conditions for RI are found in the inner core: total raining area > 3000 km2, total volumetric rain > 5000 mm h−1 km2, maximum near-surface radar reflectivity > 40 dBZ, maximum 2...
Softening the naturalness problem

It was observed by Veltman a long time ago that a special value for the Higgs boson mass could lead to a cancellation of the quadratically divergent corrections to the Higgs boson’s squared mass which appear at one loop. We present a class of low energy models that allow one to soften the naturalness problem in the sense that there can be a cancellation of radiative corrections appearing at one loop. The naturalness problem is shifted from the 1 TeV region to the 10 TeV region. Depending on the specific model under consideration, this scale can even be shifted to a higher energy scale. Signatures of these models are discussed.
Anticipatory wireless bitrate control for blocks

We present BlockRate, a wireless bitrate adaptation algorithm designed for blocks, or large contiguous units of transmitted data, as opposed to small packets. Our work is motivated by the observation that recent research results suggest significant overhead amortization benefits of blocks. Yet state-of-the-art bitrate algorithms are optimized for adaptation on a per-packet basis, so they can either have the amortization benefits of blocks or high responsiveness to underlying channel conditions of packets, but not both.To bridge this disparity, BlockRate employs multiple bitrates within a block that are predictive of future channel conditions. In each feedback round, BlockRate uses a history-based scheme to predict the SNR for packets within the next block. In slow-changing scenarios as under pedestrian mobility, BlockRate uses a simple linear regression model to predict the SNR trend over the next block. In fast-changing scenarios as under vehicular mobility, BlockRate uses a path loss model to capture more significant SNR variations within a block. We have implemented a prototype of BlockRate in a commodity 802.11 driver and evaluated it via deployment on an indoor mesh testbed as well as an outdoor vehicular testbed. Our evaluation shows that BlockRate achieves up to 1.4× and 2.8× improvement in goodput under indoor and outdoor mobility respectively.
A high-speed fully differential current switch

A high-speed differential-mode current switch is presented. The clock-feedthrough effect is reduced by swing-reduced drivers (SRD's) and neutralized by dummy transistors. With the use of SRD's, the switching transistors never operate in the triode region, which provides good matching of capacitance between the switching transistors and dummy transistors. The SRD's also reduce the possible large current spikes on the outputs of the current switch. Analysis shows this current switch is ideal for high-speed current-mode signal processing. A continuous-time switched-current /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator using these current switches has been implemented in a 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process and achieved a 59 dB dynamic range with a 50 MHz clock.
Healthcare marketing: what is salient?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a perspective on what is “salient” or critical to the discipline of healthcare marketing by analyzing and contrasting the consumer (or patient) perspective with the institutional (or organizational) perspective. This “salience issue” is complicated by the structural problems in healthcare such as societal service systems, advances in medical technology, and the escalating costs of care. Reviewing selected studies, the paper examines how consumers face increasingly difficult health choices.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines the different priorities and goals for marketing that are implied by both patient and organizational perspectives in healthcare, focusing primarily on the excesses of the more “market‐based” US healthcare system.Findings – Healthcare organizations need to better utilize marketing tools to inform consumers and assist their healthcare decisions. This effort needs to be balanced by healthcare organizations that can support the...
Radiation Effects on Video Imagers

Radiation sensitivity of several photoconductive, photoemissive, and solid state silicon-based video imagers was measured by analysing stored photocharge induced by irradiation with continuous and pulsed sources of high energy photons and neutrons. Transient effects as fuinctions of absorbed dose, dose rate, fluences, and ionizing particle energy are presented.
Contested claims Land, ritual and the Jogis of Charpatnath (New documents from Chamba)

The article grapples with the period of transition from ‘native’ to colonial rule. It comprehends the crisis of political-economy in transition by contextualising certain civil cases and petitions to understand how people exploited the ambiguity between power and authority—between the ideology of ‘tradition’ and the ‘method’ of colonial institutions—to elevate their social and economic status. While the colonial institutions could empower individuals and groups economically, only ‘traditional’ authority could legitimise their revision in social status. The strategy employed by the Jogis of Chamba in Himachal Pradesh, who petitioned the Raja while simultaneously exploring the legal framework and the land settlement regime of their British masters, indicates their comprehension of the system in transition. The institutional framework of the latter empowered them, while the nominal authority of the Raja was invoked to claim social status. This strategy, of social mobility and empowerment, undergirds the tran...
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR CURRENT PULSE NETWORKS FOR QUASI-STEADY MPD ARCS.

A simple model of an equal element LC ladder network containing electrolytic capacitors as the energy storage components is presented, and the current waveform predicted by the model for the case of the network discharging through a fixed inductive-resistive load is shown to agree with an experimentally observed waveform. The effect of the series resistance associated with electrolytic capacitors on the efficiency of energy transfer from the network to the load is determined. Using these results, the mass of a power source-pulse network system containing electrolytic capacitors is compared to that of a system which contains nonelectrolytic units and transfers the same power to a quasi-steady MPD arc load. Results of this comparison based on a state-of-the-art component specific masses indicate electrolytic systems are less massive than conventional systems, particularly at low power, long pulse duration conditions.
Four Measures of the Intracluster Medium Temperature and Their Relation to a Cluster’s Dynamical State

We employ an ensemble of 24 hydrodynamic cluster simulations to create spatially and spectrally resolved images of quality comparable to Chandra's expected performance. Emission from simulation mass elements is represented using the XSPEC "MEKAL" program assuming 0.3 solar metallicity and the resulting spectra are fitted with a single-temperature model. Despite significant departures from isothermality in the cluster gas, single-temperature models produce acceptable fits to 20,000 source photon spectra. The spectral fit temperature Ts is generally lower than the mass-weighted average temperature Tm due to the influence of soft line emission from cooler gas being accreted as part of the hierarchical clustering process. The nature of this deviation depends on the bandpass used for spectral fitting. In a Chandra-like bandpass of 0.5 to 9.5 keV we find a nearly uniform fractional bias of (Tm - Ts)/Ts 20%, although smaller clusters sometimes demonstrate much greater deviations. If the minimum energy threshold is raised to 2 keV, however, the effect of line emission on the spectrum is greatly decreased and Ts becomes a nearly unbiased estimator of Tm for smaller clusters. The fractional deviation in Ts relative to Tm is scale-dependent in this bandpass and follows the approximate relation (Tm - Ts)/Ts = 0.2 log10 Tm. This results in an observed MICM-Ts relationship for the simulations with slope of about 1.6, intermediate between the virial relation M ∝ T and the observed relation MICM ∝ T2. Tracking each cluster in the ensemble at 16 epochs in its evolutionary history, we catalog merger events with mass ratios exceeding 10% in order to investigate the relationship between spectral temperature and proximity to a major merger event. Clusters that are very cool relative to the mean mass-temperature relationship lie preferentially close to a major merger, suggesting a viable observational method to cull a subset of dynamically young clusters from the general population.
On the feasibility of precoding-based network alignment for three unicast sessions

We consider the problem of network coding across three unicast sessions over a directed acyclic graph, when each session has min-cut one. Previous work by Das et al. adapted a precoding-based interference alignment technique, originally developed for the wireless interference channel, specifically to this problem. We refer to this approach as precoding-based network alignment (PBNA). Similar to the wireless setting, PBNA asymptotically achieves half the minimum cut; different from the wireless setting, its feasibility depends on the graph structure. Das et al. provided a set of feasibility conditions for PBNA with respect to a particular precoding matrix. However, the set consisted of an infinite number of conditions, which is impossible to check in practice. Furthermore, the conditions were purely algebraic, without interpretation with regards to the graph structure. In this paper, we first prove that the set of conditions provided by Das. et al are also necessary for the feasibility of PBNA with respect to any precoding matrix. Then, using two graph-related properties and a degree-counting technique, we reduce the set to just four conditions. This reduction enables an efficient algorithm for checking the feasibility of PBNA on a given graph.
Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability

Data drawn from a global compilation of studies quantitatively confirm the long-articulated contention that erosion rates from conventionally plowed agricultural fields average 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than rates of soil production, erosion under native vegetation, and long-term geological erosion. The general equivalence of the latter indicates that, considered globally, hillslope soil production and erosion evolve to balance geologic and climate forcing, whereas conventional plow-based agriculture increases erosion rates enough to prove unsustainable. In contrast to how net soil erosion rates in conventionally plowed fields (≈1 mm/yr) can erode through a typical hillslope soil profile over time scales comparable to the longevity of major civilizations, no-till agriculture produces erosion rates much closer to soil production rates and therefore could provide a foundation for sustainable agriculture.
An analysis of the shapes of interstellar extinction curves. V. The IR-through-UV curve morphology

We study the IR-through-UV wavelength dependence of 328 Galactic interstellar extinction curves affecting normal, near-main-sequence B and late O stars. We derive the curves using a new technique that employs stellar atmosphere models in lieu of unreddened "standard" stars. Under ideal conditions, this technique is capable of virtually eliminating spectral mismatch errors in the curves. In general, it lends itself to a quantitative assessment of the errors and enables a rigorous testing of the significance of relationships between various curve parameters, regardless of whether their uncertainties are correlated. Analysis of the curves gives the following results: 1. In accord with our previous findings, the central position of the 2175 A extinction bump is mildly variable, its width is highly variable, and the two variations are unrelated. 2. Strong correlations are found among some extinction properties within the UV region, and within the IR region. 3. With the exception of a few curves with extreme (i.e., large) values of R(V), the UV and IR portions of Galactic extinction curves are not correlated with each other. 4. The large sight line-to-sight line variation seen in our sample implies that any average Galactic extinction curve will always reflect the biases of its parent sample. The use of an average curve to deredden a spectral energy distribution (SED) will result in significant errors, and a realistic error budget for the dereddened SED must include the observed variance of Galactic curves. While the observed large sight line-to-sight line variations, and the lack of correlation among the various features of the curves, make it difficult to meaningfully characterize average extinction properties, they demonstrate that extinction curves respond sensitively to local conditions. Thus, each curve contains potentially unique information about the grains along its sight line.
Representability for some moduli stacks of framed sheaves

We prove that certain moduli functors (and stacks) for framed torsion-free sheaves on complex projective surfaces are represented by schemes.
Purification of glycopeptides of human ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulin D by high-pressure liquid chromatography☆

To facilitate structural studies of glycoproteins, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for preparative isolation of glycopeptides and have been applied to human ceruloplasmin as an example of glycopeptides containing glucosamine (GlcN) and to human immunoglobulin D (IgD) for glycopeptides containing galactosamine (GalN). The use of RP-P columns and of trifluoroacetic acid and heptafluorobutyric acid as counterions was investigated. Various elution systems (both isocratic and programmed gradient) were used with n-propanol to assess the relative hydrophilicity of the peptides. The procedure developed for the GlcN glycopeptides of ceruloplasmin enabled purification of nine major chymotryptic peptides (ranging in size from 15 to 29 residues) and also of many minor peaks. These were characterized by amino acid and endgroup analysis, and the complete sequence of five was determined. These represent three different sites of GlcN attachment in the amino-terminal half of the ceruloplasmin chain. The procedures developed have enabled isolation of glycopeptides from ceruloplasmin having a single GlcN oligosaccharide attached; the latter are valuable for study of the structure and function of the carbohydrate groups. Separation of GalN glycopeptides from IgD was more difficult because of the high content of GalN in the hinge. Purification and sequence analysis was aided by partial removal of sugar by treatment with HF and by other methods. Four (or five) GalN oligosaccharides are attached to serine or threonine residues in the IgD hinge region, and all but one are in close proximity in the repeating sequence Ala-Thr-Thr-Ala-Pro-Ala-Thr-Thr.
Modeling Porous Dust Grains with Ballistic Aggregates. II. Light Scattering Properties

We study the light scattering properties of random ballistic aggregates constructed in Shen et al. Using the discrete-dipole approximation, we compute the scattering phase function and linear polarization for random aggregates with various sizes and porosities, and with two different compositions: 100% silicate and 50% silicate +50% graphite. We investigate the dependence of light scattering properties on wavelength, cluster size, and porosity using these aggregate models. We find that while the shape of the phase function depends mainly on the size parameter of the aggregates, the linear polarization depends on both the size parameter and the porosity of the aggregates, with increasing degree of polarization as the porosity increases. Contrary to previous studies, we argue that the monomer size has negligible effects on the light scattering properties of ballistic aggregates, as long as the constituent monomer is smaller than the incident wavelength up to 2?a 0/? ~ 1.6 where a 0 is the monomer radius. Previous claims for such monomer size effects are in fact the combined effects of size parameter and porosity. Finally, we present aggregate models that can reproduce the phase function and polarization of scattered light from the AU Mic debris disk and from cometary dust, including the negative polarization observed for comets at scattering angles 160? ? < 180?. These aggregates have moderate porosities, , and are of sub-?m size for the debris disk case, or ?m size for the comet case.
Impacts of user-selfishness on cooperative content caching in social wireless networks

Cooperative caching can be an effective mechanism for reducing electronic content provisioning cost in Social Wireless Networks (SWNETs). These networks are formed by a collection of mobile data enabled devices physically gathering in settings such as university campus, malls, airport and other public places. In this paper, we first propose an optimal collaborative object caching policy in order to minimize the object provisioning cost in SWNETs with homogenous user requests and a peer-rebate model for promoting collaboration. Then using an analytical model we study the impacts of user selfishness on the provisioning cost and the earned rebate when certain nodes in an SWNET selfishly deviate from the optimal policy. User selfishness is motivated in order to either increase individually earned rebate or to reduce content provisioning cost. The analytical model is validated by experimental results from simulated SWNETs using the network simulator ns2.
Dynamic Capacity and Surface Fatigue Life for Spur and Helical Gears

A mathematical model for surface fatigue life of gear, pinion, or entire meshing gear train is given. The theory is based on the statistical approach used by Lundberg and Palmgren for rolling-element bearings. Also equations are presented which give the dynamic capacity of the gear set. The dynamic capacity is the transmitted tangential load which gives a 90 percent probability of survival of the gear set for one million pinion revolutions. The analytical results were compared with test data for a set of AISI 9310 spur gears operating at a maximum Hertz stress of 1.71 billion N per sq m (248,000 psi) and 10,000 rpm. The theoretical life predictions were very good when material constants obtained from rolling-element bearing tests were used in the gear life model.
Structure in the Dusty Debris around Vega

We present images of the Vega system obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer at a 1.3 millimeter wavelength with submillijansky sensitivity and approximately 2.5 inches resolution (about 20 AU). These observations clearly detect the stellar photosphere and two dust emission peaks offset from the star by 9.5 inches and 8.0 inches to the northeast and southwest, respectively. These offset emission peaks are consistent with the barely resolved structure visible in previous submillimeter images, and they account for a large fraction of the dust emission. The presence of two dust concentrations at the observed locations is plausible explained by the dynamical influence of an unseen planet of a few Jupiter masses in a highly eccentric orbit that traps dust in Principal mean motion resonances. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer.
The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the proton

The Schwebel-Sachs self-consistent field theory of quantum electrodynamics is used to calculate the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron without recourse to renormalization and perturbation techniques. It was shown by the originators of the theory that their basic postulate, that the « laws of nature must be described in terms of field variables which may be associated only with elementary interactions », led to an elimination of the self-interactions that plagued classical theory and to a new electromagnetic interaction, the dual Lorentz interaction, which has the form ϱH−(1/c)(j×E). It is shown that this dual Lorentz interaction gives rise to an additional magnetic interaction which may be interpreted as the anomalous magnetic moment. The anomaly is found to beA=2mcg/ħ whereg is the coupling constant of of the field-current interaction representing the dual Lorentz interaction and has the dimension of length. Using the value ofg obtained from the Lamb shift calculations of a previous paper (1), it is shown thatA=1.087·10−3. The small discrepancy between this value and that of the free relativistic electron measurement is attributed to approximations made in the Lamb shift calculations. Recalculation ofg on the basis of the experimental value of the anomaly yieldsg=2.24·10−14 cm. Calculation of the proton anomaly givesA=2.14 compared to the magnetic resonance value of 1.79. It would be of interest and value to determine the magnetic moment of the proton under the same experimental conditions which determine the magnetic moment of the « free » electron.
Skill-biased technological change and homeownership

Abstract In the United States, the residential housing market went through important changes over the period from the 1970s to the mid-1990s. Although the aggregate homeownership rate was relatively stable during that period, the distribution of homeownership rates by age changed in remarkable ways. While younger households saw substantial declines in homeownership rates, the opposite happened for older households. In this paper, we argue that the skill-biased technological change (SBTC) that began during the 1970s has been an important factor behind the observed change in the distribution of homeownership rates by age. We build a life cycle model in which skills are accumulated on-the-job through experience: learning by doing. Early in life, households have lower levels of skills and therefore lower earnings. SBTC increases the returns to skill, widening the wage gap between young and old ages. As a consequence, it takes more time for young households to become homeowners given frictions in financial markets (e.g. downpayment requirements) and housing markets (e.g. large and indivisible houses), in line with consumption smoothing behavior. On the other hand, older households that could not afford a house before may now become homeowners, given higher returns to skill. Our analysis confirms this conjecture, namely, that SBTC shifts the distribution of homeownership from the young to the old.
TiCl4-Promoted Tandem Carbonyl or Imine Addition and Friedel-Crafts Cyclization: Synthesis of Benzo-fused Oxabicyclooctanes and Nonanes

A new and convenient synthesis of benzo-fused 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 9-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane derivatives are described. The reaction involved a TiCl4-mediated tandem carbonyl or imine addition followed by a Friedel–Crafts cyclization to provide these functionalized derivatives in good to excellent yields and high diastereoselectivity.
Exudate molecules initiating fungal responses to seeds and roots

Plant pathogenic fungi survive in soils in a quiescent state. In order for many root-pathogen interactions to be initiated, dormant propagules must be activated by molecules present in seed and root exudates. Without the release of such stimulatory molecules, the majority of root infections do not occur. Currently, little is known about the specific molecules involved in stimulating propagule germination and initiating root-pathogen interactions. Although certain molecules can be shown to elicit germination responses in vitro, responses of propagules reared on conventional culture media do not always reflect the responses of those formed on plant tissues in soil. Consequently, it is not possible to extend conclusions from laboratory determinations of the role of specific exudate molecules in stimulating fungal propagule germination to soil systems. The interaction of Pythium species with germinating seeds has served as a model system to answer questions about propagule behavior and the role of exudate stimulant molecules in establishing root-fungus interactions. The potential role of both volatile and water-soluble molecules in stimulating propagule germination are discussed.
Helping nurses use NANDA, NOC, and NIC: novice to expert

The electronic health record requires the use of standardized nursing languages such as NANDA International, the Nursing Outcomes Classification, and the Nursing Interventions Classification. Helping nurses use these languages for an electronic health record requires different educational strategies in 3 domains: intellectual, interpersonal, and technical. The author explains the rationale for changes in educational methods, expectations that educators and managers should set for students and nurses at various levels of expertise, and teaching strategies in each of the domains.
Rod hue biases produced on CRT displays

Studies of rod hue biases using monochromatic stimuli have shown that rod stimulation can shift the balance of hues at mesopic light levels. We found that the CRT display produced all three previously identified rod hue biases, which shifted the loci of all four unique hues at low mesopic light levels. Rod hue biases occurred at 2.6 cd/m2 for some observers but not at 26 cd/m2. At optimal light levels below 0.5 cd/m2, rod hue biases varied among observers but generally (1) enhanced green versus red at unique yellow and sometimes at unique blue, (2) enhanced blue versus yellow at both unique green and unique red, and (3) enhanced red versus green at unique blue. Rod hue biases persisted for some observers even for smaller foveal stimuli.
Usher: Improving Data Quality with Dynamic Forms

Data quality is a critical problem in modern databases. data-entry forms present the first and arguably best opportunity for detecting and mitigating errors, but there has been little research into automatic methods for improving data quality at entry time. In this paper, we propose Usher, an end-to-end system for form design, entry, and data quality assurance. Using previous form submissions, Usher learns a probabilistic model over the questions of the form. Usher then applies this model at every step of the data-entry process to improve data quality. Before entry, it induces a form layout that captures the most important data values of a form instance as quickly as possible and reduces the complexity of error-prone questions. During entry, it dynamically adapts the form to the values being entered by providing real-time interface feedback, reasking questions with dubious responses, and simplifying questions by reformulating them. After entry, it revisits question responses that it deems likely to have been entered incorrectly by reasking the question or a reformulation thereof. We evaluate these components of Usher using two real-world data sets. Our results demonstrate that Usher can improve data quality considerably at a reduced cost when compared to current practice.
The bonding capabilities of transition metal clusters

Abstract A new classification scheme for transition metal carbonyl cluster compounds is proposed. Class I clusters are defined as those which use all available Cluster Valence Molecular Orbitals, CVMOs, Class II cluster compounds have s and p CVMOs vacant and Class III clusters have vacant d CVMOs. In general the earlier transition elements to the left of the transition metal series will have more of a tendency to form Class III cluster compounds, while the later transition elements to the right of the transition series will tend to form Class II compounds. The more common Class I cluster compounds will be favored by the central Group VIII metals such as Rh. Only the Class I clusters will follow the Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair analogy between main group and transition metal clusters and will exhibit the “magic numbers” of Cluster Valence Electrons, CVEs.
Design and fabrication of nanowire electrodes on a flexible substrate for detection of myocardial ischemia

According to a report by the American Heart Association, there are approximately 3-4 million Americans that may experience silent Myocardial Ischemia (MI). Silent MI is a serious heart condition that can progress to a severe heart attack without any warning and the consequences of such an event can turn fatal quickly. Therefore, there is a strong need for a sensor that can continuously monitor the onset of the condition to prevent high risk individuals from deadly heart attacks. An increase in extracellular potassium levels is the first sign of MI and timely sensing with an implantable potassium sensing biosensor could play a critical role in detecting and expediting care. There are challenges in the development of an implantable potassium sensing electrode one of which includes signal drift. The incorporation of novel nanostructures and smarter materials hold the potential to combat these problems. This paper presents a unique design for an all-solid-state potassium sensing device which offers miniaturization along with enhanced signal transduction. These characteristics are important when it comes to implantable devices and signal drift. Sensor design details along with fabrication processes and sensing results are discussed.
Impact mechanics of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction bolide

On Earth impact of ~ 10 km diameter, asteroidal or cometary objects the vaporized, melted and (< 1 mm) solid ejecta transfer ~40–50% of their energy to the atmosphere, giving rise to a short possibly lethal (to large animals) heating pulse. Some 1–20 projectile masses of early, high-speed and highly shocked (diameter, <1 µm) extraterrestrial-rich ejecta is lofted to altitudes of 10 km where it can be globally distributed. It is proposed that this material represents the global Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary layer. When in the upper atmosphere it may have caused decreases in solar tropospheric insolation and resulting major extinctions in biota.
Triggered structural and property changes in polymeric nanomaterials

The combination of ordered macromolecular structures and well-defined responsive molecular triggers is enabling precise and amplified structural and property switching in synthetic architectures leading to useful functions. These features are reminiscent of the most sought after designs in nature, specifically the ability of superstructures to form on-demand, store information, perform actuation, and store/release molecular payloads. Such macromolecular systems arise through the precise placement of environmentally responsive elements within polymer chains, an ability only recently possible for synthetic systems. The drivers behind such progress are described and future possibilities for functional macromolecular superstructures discussed.
On the 'Environmental' Discount Rate

Abstract In this paper I show that "environmentalism" itself can provide a rigorous foundation for the low and declining discount rates that environmentalists seem to favor in long-term cost-benefit calculations. If indeed it is a stylized fact that we are moving toward a world where environmental spending is increasingly important, that scenario per se may significantly lower the social rate of return. A formula is derived for the ratio of social to private discount rates as a simple function of two operational environmental parameters. The formula is used to explain why the social rate of return ought to be lower than the private rate and why this gap-called "environmental drag" when measured in terms of equivalent evaporation of national income-may be expected to increase over time.
Auctioning divisible goods

We derive equilibrium bidding strategies in divisible good auctions for asymmetrically informed risk neutral and risk averse bidders when there is random noncompetitive demand. The equilibrium bid schedules contain both strategic considerations and explicit allowances for the winner's curse. When the bidders' information is symmetric, the strategic aspects of bidding imply that there always exist equilibria of a uniform-price auction with lower expected revenue than provided by a discriminatory auction. When bidders are risk averse, there may exist equilibria of the uniform-price auction that provide higher expected revenue than a discriminatory auction.
Triflic acid promoted synthesis of polycyclic aromatic compounds

The triflic acid (CF3SO3H) promoted cyclizations of 2-styrylbiaryls are found to be useful for the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including functionalized derivatives of polycyclic aromatic compounds and heterocyclic systems. The reaction involves cationic cyclization followed by an elimination of benzene from the intermediate product.
Structure and magnetism of the mono-layer hydrate Na0.3NiO2 ⋅ 0.7H2O

Abstract The mono-layer hydrate (Ni-MLH) Na0.3NiO2⋅0.7H2O was synthesized with an average Ni valence close to one in the bi-layer hydrate (Ni-BLH) Na0.3NiO2⋅1.3H2O. A weak unsaturated ferromagnetism and divergence of the magnetic susceptibilities of field and zero-field cooled samples of both Ni-MLH and Ni-BLH are observed. However, as a result of the increased three-dimensional electronic and magnetic character present in Ni-MLH, a frequency dependence of the AC magnetic susceptibility indicative of spin-glass-like behavior, as seen in Ni-BLH, was no longer observed.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Hydroxylamines

Adding value: The catalytic hydroamination of alkenes with amines holds promise to rapidly deliver value-added chiral amines from simple and accessible starting materials. The use of mild, Cu-catalyzed electrophilic amination strategies for the regioselective preparation of both linear and chiral branched amines is highlighted.
A Preliminary Visual Orbit of BY Draconis

We report on the preliminary determination of the visual orbit of the double-lined spectroscopic binary system BY Draconis with data obtained by the Palomar Testbed Interferometer in 1999.
Polychromatic neural networks

Abstract A polychromatic optical neural network using cascaded liquid crystal televisions (LCTV) is presented and simulated which uses a polychromatic interconnection weight matrix (IWM) for color pattern recognition. Extension of the polychromatic neural net for multichannel operation is also proposed.
Reverse Engineering of Software Life Cycle Data In Certification Projects

Some applicants, developers, and commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software vendors have proposed reverse engineering as an approach for satisfying RTCS/DO-178B objectives for airborne software. RTCA/DO-178B, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, serves as the means of compliance for most airborne software in civil aircraft. DO-178B defines reverse engineering as "the method of extracting software design information from the source code" and provides guidance particular to reverse engineering, when it is used to upgrade a development baseline. For purposes of this paper, reverse engineering is an approach for creating software life cycle data that did not originally exist, cannot be found, is not adequate, or is not available to a developer in order to meet applicable DO-178B objectives. Reverse engineering is not just the generation of data - rather it is a process to assure that the data is correct, the software functionality is understood and well documented and the software functions as intended and required by the system. Reverse engineering is not, as some software developers propose, just an effort to generate the software life cycle data without intent to build in quality and the resulting design assurance. This article explores reverse engineering in airborne software projects, by explaining a definition for the certification domain, describing the motivation for its use, and documenting the certification concerns. Two actual cases of reverse engineering are also described to illustrate the certification concerns in real projects.
Recursive estimation and identification of wireless ad hoc channels from measurements

This paper is concerned with a time varying wireless ad hoc channel modeling, its parameter estimation and system identification from received signal measurement data. The channel model is represented in state space form, while the expectation maximization algorithm and Kalman filtering are used in the channel parameter and state estimation, respectively. The proposed algorithm is recursive, and therefore the inphase and quadrature components of the ad hoc channel and its parameters are estimated online from received signal measurements. The proposed algorithm is tested using measurement data collected from moving wireless sensor nodes, and the results are presented.