cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trajectory-based reachability analysis of switched nonlinear systems using matrix measures

Matrix measures, or logarithmic norms, have historically been used to provide bounds on the divergence of trajectories of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). In this paper we use them to compute guaranteed overapproximations of reachable sets for switched nonlinear dynamical systems using numerically simulated trajectories, and to bound the accumulation of numerical errors along simulation traces. To improve the tightness of the computed approximations, we connect these classical tools for ODE analysis with modern techniques for optimization and demonstrate that minimizing the volume of the computed reachable set enclosure can be formulated as a convex problem. Using a benchmark problem for the verification of hybrid systems, we show that this technique enables the efficient computation of reachable sets for systems with over 100 continuous state variables.
Thermal Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1)

The physical properties of the grains, as evidenced by their infrared emission, correlated with the morphology.
Hypocortisolemia in Graves hyperthyroidism.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the risk of concomitant adrenal sufficiency in 2 patients with Graves thyrotoxicosis. Methods We present the clinical course and laboratory findings of 2 patients with hyperthyroidism associated with low basal serum cortisol and briefly review the literature with regard to possible mechanisms of hypocortisolemia in thyrotoxic states. Results Two women aged 37 and 43 years with longstanding Graves disease presented with hyperthyroidism secondary to nonadherence to prescribed antithyroid medications. Both women also had symptoms suggestive of adrenal insufficiency including nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain in Patient 1 and fatigue and hypotension in Patient 2. In both patients, physical examination findings were consistent with hyperthyroidism. Laboratory results of Patient 1 included the following: thyrotropin, 6 μg/dL; and total triiodothyronine, 539 ng/dL. Laboratory results of Patient 2 included the following: thyrotropin, 6 μg/dL; and total triiodothyronine, 539 ng/dL. Morning basal cortisol levels were 0.9 μg/dL in Patient 1 and 0.6 pg/dL in Patient 2. Because of the low basal serum cortisol levels, the patients underwent a high-dose (250 mcg) cosyntropin-stimulation test; however, both patients had adequate cortisol response. At 60 minutes, serum cortisol concentration was 31.4 μg/dL in Patient 1 and 25.5 pg/dL in Patient 2. After adequately treating the hyperthyroidism, basal cortisol levels in both patients returned to the reference range. Conclusion Symptomatic hypocortisolemia may be present in severe hyperthyroidism, and it resolves with adequate treatment of the hyperthyroidism. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:220-224)
Word Final Phonology in Lardil: Implications of an Expanded Data Set

The word final phonology of Lardil was brought to the attention of linguists by Ken Hale in the 1960s and since then certain properties of the data have led it to occupy a privileged position, in a canon of data sets against which new theoretical proposals are frequently tested. Several seminal arguments for new and high-profile phonological theories are now based at least in part upon analyses of Hale’s data set. After reviewing what is of such interest in Lardil, a body of data is assembled which alters our understanding of the empirical facts and theoretical implications of Lardil phonology. Hale’s process of Laminalization is reanalyzed as Apicalization; constrained lexical exceptions are found with respect to Apocope, Apicalization and Truncation; and a process of Raising is identified. A discussion of the systematicity of these new data, and of their demonstrable antiquity leads to the conclusion that future formal analyses of the language must account not only for already well-known properties of the data, but for the existence of multiple, active patterns that apply selectively throughout the lexicon.
Using qualitative methods to design a culturally appropriate child feeding questionnaire for low-income, latina mothers

Obesity rates remain high among children in the United States (US), but children of low-income, minority families are at particularly high risk. Latinos are the largest and most rapidly growing US population group. Effective strategies will require attention to a wide array of culturally mediated variables that influence child feeding practices through the social contexts in which behaviors take place. This paper presents the design and implementation of a qualitative study examining low-income, Latina mothers’ perceptions of child weight status and feeding practices, and their associations with the development of overweight in children. Guided by the social ecologic model and social contextual model on the role of the family in mediating health behavior, the Latina Mother Child Feeding Practices (LMCFP) study provided a systematic exploration of the influence of social class, culture, and environmental factors associated with mothers’ perceptions of child overweight on feeding practices and behaviors. The design for this qualitative study consisted of three sequential phases: focus groups, in-depth interviews and cognitive interviews with Latina mothers conducted by Spanish-speaking researchers. Results showed the important role of socio-cultural factors in influencing Latina mothers’ child feeding practices. In the short-term, this research yielded information to develop a child-feeding questionnaire appropriate for low-income, Latina mothers. Findings have important implications in developing nutrition education strategies for child health promotion that account for the social and cultural context of minority, low-income caregivers.
Observations of Ice Crystal Habits with a Scanning Polarimetric W-Band Radar at Slant Linear Depolarization Ratio Mode

AbstractScanning polarimetric W-band radar data were evaluated for the purpose of identifying predominant ice hydrometeor habits. Radar and accompanying cloud microphysical measurements were conducted during the Storm Peak Laboratory Cloud Property Validation Experiment held in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, during the winter season of 2010/11. The observed ice hydrometeor habits ranged from pristine and rimed dendrites/stellars to aggregates, irregulars, graupel, columns, plates, and particle mixtures. The slant 45° linear depolarization ratio (SLDR) trends as a function of the radar elevation angle are indicative of the predominant hydrometeor habit/shape. For planar particles, SLDR values increase from values close to the radar polarization cross coupling of about −21.8 dB at zenith viewing to maximum values at slant viewing. These maximum values depend on predominant aspect ratio and bulk density of hydrometeors and also show some sensitivity to particle characteristic size. The highest observed SLDRs w...
Examining Interracial Marriage Attitudes As Value Expressive Attitudes

This study examined the extent to which attitudes towards Black/White interracial marriage were predicted by certain egalitarian-based (equality, mature love, benevolence) and conservative/ traditi...
Hydrate plug prevention by anti-agglomeration

Abstract Dispersing hydrates into a condensate phase by anti-agglomerants is an alternative to kinetic or thermodynamic inhibitors to prevent hydrate plug formation in a gas production pipeline. In this work, both commercially available surfactants and synthesized anti-agglomerants were tested in high-pressure apparatuses at typical pipeline conditions. Candidates from families of commercially available surfactants, chosen based on their hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), were tested in an H2O-hydrocarbon mixture of 30% water and 70% octane (volume). It was found that, at 3 wt % of the water mass with a synthetic natural gas, some commercial surfactants (Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 80) could keep hydrate particles suspended in a range of condensate types and shear numbers at 4°C and 8.27 MPa . However, a synthesized chemical dodecyl-2-(2-caprolactamyl) ethanamide was a more efficient dispersant at 0.75 wt % of the water mass. Both synthesized and commercial chemicals passed 5-day shut-in tests based upon torque measurements and visual hydrate observations. Flow-loop testing is needed to extend this work to field applications.
In vivo 31P-NMR spectroscopy of mammary carcinoma subjected to subcurative photodynamic therapy.

In vivo31P-NMR spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of the time course of metabolic response of MCA mammary carcinoma in the C,H mouse subjected to a subcurative treatment with photodynamic therapy. Eleven animals were injected with 12.5 mg kg_1 Photofrin II and after 24 h were photoactivated with 25 J cm−2 of light between 630 ± 5 nm. In vivo NMR spectroscopy was performed 1-4, 24 and 72 h after treatment. The ratio of (J-ATP intensity to inorganic phosphate (Pi) intensity changed over the time course of the study. At the 1-4 and 24 h time points the ratio of fi-ATP to Pi decreased from control values. At 72 h there was a significant increase in the ratio above the post treatment values to levels equal to or exceeding that of control pretreatment ratios.
Relationships of psychopathology to age, sex, ethnicity, education and marital status in state hospital patients

THE INCREASING use of symptom and behavior rating scales in clinical research during the past two decades has created a renewed respectability for descriptive psychiatry. This has led us back to a concern for directly observable manifestations, the phenomenology of mental illness.l-3 Rating scales such as the BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale)4 and the IMPS (Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale)5 have proven very useful in the field of psychopharmacology. Not only have they permitted quantitative evaluation of symptom change, but they have also provided a basis for description and classification of patients.6 The classification of patients solely on the basis of current symptom manifestations is a radical departure from usual psychiatric diagnostic practice in which history, etiology and sociocultural information enter into classificatory decisions. Although phenomenological description and classification have advantages, we must also recognize a growing body of evidence indicating that phenomenological differences are substantially related to personal, social and cultural variables.’ The significance of observed psychopathology may depend on the context of background factors within which it occurs. It is important that symptom rating scales, rather than clinical diagnoses, be used in evaluating the psychiatric relevance of background variables. Clinical diagnostic classification involves consideration of historical and sociocultural factors; thus certain built-in relationships are to be expected, whereas the use of quantitive rating scale profiles to describe psychopathology avoids most of this problem. In addition, well known problems related to the absence of clearly defined diagnostic criteria and consequent unreliability of clinical diagnoses are avoided. Although numerous variables are potentially interesting with respect to implications for manifest psychopathology, a relatively small number are almost universally considered
Internal friction and ultrasonic yield stress of the alloy 90 Ti 6 Al 4 V

Abstract The alloy 90 Ti 6 Al 4 V is used as a mechanical transformer to produce high strains in metal samples. The internal friction, modulus defect and limiting stable strain amplitudes have been studied over wide frequency and temperature ranges. The internal friction Q−1 of annealed samples has the low value of 5 × 10−5 which is independent of the frequency and decreases only slightly at high temperature. The result is consistent with a model in which the energy loss is produced by a non-linear motion across the Peierls kink barrier. The value found for the ratio of the internal friction to the modulus change is 0.03 which is intermediate between two theoretical calculations. This material becomes unstable at strains from 3 to 5 × 10−3. Evidence is presented which shows that this is a material with a Cottrell type pinning with pinning points on the average about 3 Burgers distances apart. Assuming that on the average one kink occurs between each pinning point, the modulus defect is consistent with about 1010 dislocations per cm2. The frequency and temperature variations are consistent with this model.
Optimal Control of Switched-Mode Dynamical Systems

Abstract The subject of this presentation is the problem of optimal mode-scheduling in switched-mode hybrid dynamical systems. This problem is cast in the setting of optimal control, where it is desirable to optimize a cost functional, defined on the system's continuous state trajectory, as a function of the schedule of modes. The resultant optimal control problem has a special structure that yields effective iterative algorithms for its solution. This presentation discusses a computational framework that is based on gradient descent and the Armijo step size. The algorithms are analyzed in both off-line and real-time setting, and their convergence is established without assuming an upper bound on the system's switching rate.
UNDER ARREST AT ATOMIC RESOLUTION

Cell proliferation in many tissues is regulated by p27 protein, which binds and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases. A crystal structure reveals the remarkable mechanisms by which p27 paralyses these enzymes, arresting the cell cycle.
Detection of the latency-associated transcript in neuronal cultures during the latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1

The transcriptional studies reported in this paper indicate that the latency-associated transcript (LAT) is present in neuronal cultures during the latent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). During the latent infection glycoprotein D (gD) mRNA, a mRNA characteristic of the productive infection, is not detected. However, following reactivation by nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation, gD mRNA is detected in the neuronal cultures. Thus, the restricted viral gene expression in the in vitro neuronal model indicates that the latent infection in culture is analogous to that observed in vivo.
Case report 689

We have presented a 23-year follow-up of a patient with left atrial myxoma with continuing slowly growing, skeletal metastases. The relatively indolent nature of the metastatic disease and the lack of mitotic figures suggest that the metastatic lesions may be treated locally. The patient underwent therapeutic tumor embolization and local resection of the pelvic lesion, with good results as she continues to do well with close follow-up.
Laser-Induced Solid Phase Epitaxy of Silicon Deposited Films

A comparative study of solid phase epitaxy (SPE) of deposited and ion-implanted amorphous Si films was conducted with the use of a newly developed laser technique. The effects of interface contaminants and contaminants distributed within a deposited film on the rate of SPE and final crystal quality are reported. In the absence of impurities, deposited Si films crystallize at the same rate as ion-implanted layers and yield epitaxial films with comparable crystal quality. The presence of impurities in deposited films at the interface or distributed within the film can severely retard the SPE growth, causing several deleterious effects which ultimately degrade the film quality. These effects are more severe at high temperatures.
Metabolic poise in the North Atlantic Ocean diagnosed from organic matter transports

Recently there has been discussion about the metabolic state of the ocean, with arguments questioning whether the open ocean is net autotrophic or net heterotrophic. Accurately determining the metabolic balance of a marine system depends on fully defining the system being evaluated and on quantifying the inputs and outputs to that system. Here, a net northward transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (across 24.5°N) of 3.3 ± 1.9 Tmol C yr−1 was determined using basin-wide transport estimates of DOC. This flux, coupled with DOC inputs from the Arctic Ocean (2.2 ± 0.8 Tmol C yr−1), the atmosphere (0.6 ± 0.08 Tmol C yr−1), and rivers (3.1 ± 0.6 Tmol C yr−1), indicates net heterotrophy in the North Atlantic (full depth, 24.5–72°N) of 9.2 ± 2.2 Tmol C yr−1. This rate is small (<2%) compared to autochthonous production (~494 Tmol C yr−1) and consumption (production : respiration of 0.98), indicating that the North Atlantic is essentially metabolically balanced and that autochthonous production is remineralized within the basin. The upper layer of the subtropical gyre has previously been reported to exhibit high rates of net heterotrophy, but our analysis does not support those findings. Instead, allochthonous inputs of organic carbon to the upper subtropical gyre are an order of magnitude less than required by the elevated rates of net heterotrophy reported. We find, too, that net mineralization of allochthonous DOC within the basin could account for 10% of the preindustrial inorganic carbon exported from the basin to the south. Two factors, the import of organic matter and the unique thermohaline circulation pattern of the North Atlantic, are primary in ensuring net heterotrophy in the basin.
Oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden transitions in Fe XIX

Abstract An extensive set of oscillator strengths, line strengths, and radiative decay rates for the allowed and forbidden transitions in Fe XIX is presented. They correspond to 1626 fine structure levels of total angular momenta 0 ≤ J ≤ 8 of even and odd parities with 2 ≤ n ≤ 10 , 0 ≤ l ≤ 9 , 0 ≤ L ≤ 10 , and ( 2 S + 1 ) = 1 , 3, 5. In contrast, the compiled table of the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) lists only 63 observed levels. A total of 289,291 electric dipole allowed transitions are presented. They were obtained in the close coupling approximation using the relativistic Breit–Pauli R -matrix method. The wavefunction expansion included 15 levels of the configurations 2s22p3, 2s2p4, and 2p5 of the Fe XX core. The calculated fine structure levels are assigned with spectroscopic identifications using quantum defect analysis. Comparison with the observed energies shows very good agreement, the largest difference being less than 4%. The transitions also compare well with the compiled data by NIST and recent calculations. The forbidden transitions of the electric quadrupole and octupole, and magnetic dipole and quadrupole, type are presented for the 379 levels of the configurations 2s22p4, 2s2p5, 2p6, 2s22p33s, 2s22p33p, 2s22p33d, 2s22p34s, 2s22p34p, 2s22p34d, 2s22p34f, 2s2p43s, 2s2p43p, 2s2p43d, 2s2p44s, 2s2p44p, and 2s22p23s2 of Fe XIX. They correspond to a total of 66,619 transitions. These results have been obtained from relativistic Breit–Pauli atomic structure calculations using the program SUPERSTRUCTURE. The forbidden transition probabilities show very good agreement with those compiled by NIST.
On an identification method for linear discrete systems

The problem of linear discrete system parameter identification in the presence of noise is studied. An existing technique used in adaptive systems is examined and modification is made to solve the identification problem in the open-loop configuration.
A single rotating disk of H I in Arp 299 (NGC 3690/IC 694)

Ten-arcsec resolution 21-cm spectral line observations of the merging galaxies NGC 3690/IC 694 are presented. Strong H I absorption was seen at three sites of activity identified previously by Gehrz, Sramek, and Weedman (1983), and regions of weak emission were found extending from the optical edges of the system. The absorption data set lower limits on the neutral hydrogen mass contained in the nuclei and in the overlap region. The emission shows evidence of a single rotating disk of H I surrounding the system out to a radius twice that of the optical radius. This single H I disk morphology indicates that IC 694 and NGC 3690 are coverage of Arp 299 which now spans from the UV to radio regimes, thus making it possible to compare the distribution and kinematics of atomic hydrogen with previous observations, and offering new insight into the effect of a collision on a progenitor's interstellar medium.
An integrated framework for performance-based optimization of scientific workflows

Data analysis processes in scientific applications can be expressed as coarse-grain workflows of complex data processing operations with data flow dependencies between them. Performance optimization of these workflows can be viewed as a search for a set of optimal values in a multi-dimensional parameter space. While some performance parameters such as grouping of workflow components and their mapping to machines do not affect the accuracy of the output, others may dictate trading the output quality of individual components (and of the whole workflow) for performance. This paper describes an integrated framework which is capable of supporting performance optimizations along multiple dimensions of the parameter space. Using two real-world applications in the spatial data analysis domain, we present an experimental evaluation of the proposed framework.
Directional solidification fronts: Structure and dynamics

Abstract The equations of motion for a two-dimensional solidification front are established. Beyond a threshold velocity the front develops spatial structure. The resulting patterns are displayed and compared with experiment. When noise is added to the equations, pattern selection effects are observed which can be explained phenomenologically.
Multi-course approaches to curriculum 2013's parallel and distributed computing (abstract only)

The emerging CS2013 Curriculum recommendations call for greatly expanded emphasis on parallel and distributed computing (PDC), in response to recent industry changes. CS2013's PDC knowledge units relate to many undergraduate courses. Participants in this BOF will consider responses to CS2013 PDC recommendations that involve multiple undergraduate CS courses at an institution, as opposed to approaches that concentrate PDC topics primarily within a single course. This sharing and brainstorming session will bring together: people having experience with a multi-course or multi-level approach to teaching PDC; people contemplating a multi-course approach to introducing PDC material; and people wishing to provide and/or hear rationale for a multi-course strategy for teaching PDC.
Effects of Thermal-Induced Respiratory Alkalosis on Blood Ionized Calcium Levels in the Domestic Hen

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the change with time in the blood ionized calcium concentration of hens exposed to an acute heat stress. Five hens were surgically fitted with carotid artery cannulae and placed in cages inside a temperature-controlled chamber. Blood samples were drawn before (23 C), during (35 C), and after (23 C), a 3-hr heat-stress exposure. Whole blood ionized calcium, blood gas, plasma pyruvate, and lactate were determined. Respiratory alkalosis developed 1 hr after the start of heat exposure (35 C). Approximately 1 hr later, there was a concomitant decline in blood pH as plasma lactate and pyruvate concentration increased (P
Upwind relaxation algorithms for the Navier-Stokes equations

The development of upwind relaxation algorithms for obtaining efficient steady-state solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations is described. The method is second-order accurate spatially and naturally disipative, using third-order flux splitting of the pressure and convective terms and second-order central differencing for shear and heat flux terms. A line Gauss-Seidel relaxation approach, shown to be unconditionally stable for model convection and diffusion equations, is used. The algorithm is demonstrated for several flows using the thin-layer form of the equations, including the problem of shock-induced separation over a flat plate.
Automatic Process Planning of a Multi-Axis Hybrid Manufacturing System

With the integration of multi-axis layered manufacturing and material removal (machining) processes, a hybrid system has more capability and flexibility to build complicated geometry with a single setup. Process planning to integrate the two different processes is a key issue. In this paper, an algorithm of adaptive slicing for five-axis Laser Aided Manufacturing Process (LAMP) is summarized which can generate uniform- or non-uniform slices. In order to avoid interruption in the deposition process for one slice, a skeleton-based offset deposition tool-path method is used to generate continuous moving paths. A method to build a non uniform (thickness) layer which utilizes two processes is presented and an overall algorithm for integration is described. The newly developed algorithm implemented in the process planning helps the hybrid system build part more efficiently.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Single Molecule FRET Characterization of Pre-mRNA Splicing: Substrate Dynamics during Recognition and Catalysis

The spliceosome is a complex ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that catalyzes the removal of intervening sequences (introns) from coding regions (exons) in eukaryotic pre-mRNAs. The ordered assembly of the spliceosome makes it a compositionally dynamic system where protein and RNA components are shuttled in and out in a highly regulated manner. Furthermore, catalytic activation of the spliceosome requires a dynamic set of ATP dependent RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. Extensive genetic and in vitro biochemical work has been done to define the cis- and trans- acting factors that are required for both steps splicing. On the other hand, the pre-mRNA substrate which acts as both the scaffold for assembly and is a key component of the chemical steps after activation by a yet to be identified spliceosomal catalyst has been wholly ignored thus far. The difficulty in interrogating this system without synchrony and inactivation, thus precluding real time measurements, has proven difficult to overcome. To dissect the kinetic and conformational requirements for pre-mRNA positioning during spliceosome assembly we developed an in vitro single molecule FRET (smFRET) splicing assay in which the position of conserved intronic sequences have been tracked in real-time throughout splicing. The ability to stall the splicing process with mutations in either the pre-mRNA or splicing components we can dissect the role of spliceosome components in regulating pre-mRNA conformations. Additionally, we have utilized an affinity purification technique to determine the relative positions of conserved sequences in isolated splicing intermediates. We have observed reversible conformations changes whose kinetics are affected by ATP and the identity of splice sites.The kinetics of these conformations has implications for proofreading and catalysis that are essential for the maintenance of proper gene expression.
Subglottic hemangiomas in infants: Treatment with CO2 laser†

Subglottic hemangiomas in infants are rare but potentially lethal. Although the majority tend to regress after 12 to 18 months, lethal compromise of the airway is always possible until then. A plethora of treatments have been advocated for subglottic hemangiomas, each with significant morbidity. Eleven consecutive patients have undergone laser resection of subglottic hemangiomas at the University of California, San Francisco. Three infants have been managed without a tracheotomy. If a tracheotomy is required, earlier removal can be achieved with laser resection. No subglottic stenosis or hemorrhage has occurred following laser resection. CO2 laser resection is now the safest and most effective treatment available.
Synthesis of bridged medium-sized rings through the intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction

[reaction: see text] A series of aromatic enynes containing steric buttressing elements were prepared and evaluated in the NMO-mediated Pauson-Khand cyclization. O-Allyl systems led to the expected angularly fused products, whereas the O-butenyl and O-pentenyl derivatives afforded the unprecedented bridge systems.
Analysis of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Great Lakes fish

Abstract In fish samples from Lake Ontario and Lake Huron 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was found at concentrations from 2 to 162 pg/g (ppt) and from 2.5 to 29 ppt respectively. Fish from the other Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Erie) generally had no detectable signals for TCDD although a few samples had
Digital Optical Transducers For Helicopter Flight Control Systems

Two variations of each of three types of digital optical transducers have been developed to provide the technology base for a digital optical flight control system for US Army helicopters. The transducer types are rotary position, linear position, and differential hydraulic pressure and all are electrically passive at the transducer location. The development and test of these six transducers has led to the selection of a reflective, time delay multiplexed concept using a single interconnecting fiber for use on the Advanced Digital Optical Control System Flight Demonstrator Program (ADOCS FDP).© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Composition of Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber physical systems (CPS) is emerging as a new research discipline at the intersection of physical, biological, engineering and information sciences. Information technology, once a provider of tools for sciences and engineering, has become an interdisciplinary field at the center of scientific and industrial innovation. This talk addresses some of the basic challenges of CPS and its relationship to ECBS
The binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to replicating and non-replicating DNA in mouse skin.

Abstract The extent of in vitro binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to replicating and non-replicating DNA of mouse skin epidermis was studied. Mice which were pretreated topically with croton oil in order to stimulate DNA synthesis were treated in the same area of the back with DMBA at zero time. In addition, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were injected at zero time and subsequently every half hour for 7.5 h. At 8 h the mice were killed and epidermal DNA was subjected to an isopycnic cesium chloride density gradient. Binding was found to both replicating and non-replicating DNA but was reproducibly greater to non-replicating DNA. BUdR substitution into replicating DNA was shown not to be a cause of reduced binding of DMBA.
Hereditary Generalized Microdontia

Microdontia is a rare phenomenon. According to Boyle,' "in general microdontia, the teeth are small, the crowns short, and normal contact areas between the teeth are frequently missing." Shafer, Hine, and Levy2 divide microdontia into three types: (1) microdontia involving only a single tooth; (2) relative generalized microdontia due to relatively small teeth in large jaws; and (3) true generalized microdontia, in which all the teeth are smaller than normal. According to these authors, aside from its occurrence in some cases of pituitary dwarfism, true generalized microdontia is exceedingly rare. A search of the literature has impressed us with the accuracy of this statement.
Muscarinic K+ Channel in the Heart : Modal Regulation by G Protein βγ Subunits

The membrane-delimited activation of muscarinic K+ channels by G protein βγ subunits plays a prominent role in the inhibitory synaptic transmission in the heart. These channels are thought to be heterotetramers comprised of two homologous subunits, GIRK1 and CIR, both members of the family of inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Here, we demonstrate that muscarinic K+ channels in neonatal rat atrial myocytes exhibit four distinct gating modes. In intact myocytes, after muscarinic receptor activation, the different gating modes were distinguished by differences in both the frequency of channel opening and the mean open time of the channel, which accounted for a 76-fold increase in channel open probability from mode 1 to mode 4. Because of the tetrameric architecture of the channel, the hypothesis that each of the four gating modes reflects binding of a different number of Gβγ subunits to the channel was tested, using recombinant Gβ1γ5. Gβ1γ5 was able to control the equilibrium between the four gating modes of the channel in a manner consistent with binding of Gβγ to four equivalent and independent sites in the protein complex. Surprisingly, however, Gβ1γ5 lacked the ability to stabilize the long open state of the channel that is responsible for the augmentation of the mean open time in modes 3 and 4 after muscarinic receptor stimulation. The modal regulation of muscarinic K+ channel gating by Gβγ provides the atrial cells with at least two major advantages: the ability to filter out small inputs from multiple membrane receptors and yet the ability to create the gradients of information necessary to control the heart rate with great precision.
The Vernacular History of A. M. Simons

No recent student of American historiography has failed to acquire a passing acquaintance with some of the historical writing of the American Socialist A. M. Simons. No treatment of economic determinism in American thought omits at least a footnote of credit to Social Forces in American History, published in 1911, in which the irascible radical touched upon ideas and interpretations that Charles Beard and others were to develop with less heat and less haste. Simons's treatment of the American Revolution and the Constitutional Convention, of the Jacksonian era, and of the Civil War and Reconstruction periods, sounded themes that became staples of debate within the historical profession. In fact, however, Simons's history has a distinction that goes beyond its role as the first Marxist interpretation of the American past, or as an expression of ‘progressive history’. It is part of a much older, larger and many-sided body of thought that made up an attack upon the genteel tradition in American intellectual and cultural experience. In literature, that attack developed a set of responses that recent scholars have termed the ‘vernacular tradition’. By examining Simons's historical writing in the context of the vernacular tradition, one can see that his history is much more than a Marxist curiosity. His history was shaped both by experience and ideology, and it was intended to be a cultural critique as well as an economic one.
A case of eosinophilic esophagitis discovered with positron emission tomography imaging: a case report

Eosinophilic esophagitis was first reported in 1978, and since then it has been increasingly recognized as one of the major etiologies for dysphagia, food impaction, and food regurgitation. To the best of our knowledge, no case of eosinophilic esophagitis (excluding esophageal eosinophilia not responsive to proton pump inhibitor treatment) has previously been demonstrated on the basis of positron emission tomography imaging. A 68-year-old Caucasian man presented with dysphagia to solids with recurrent regurgitation and weight loss of 7lb within the preceding 2 months. The patient attributed these symptoms to radiation therapy he had received 1 year earlier for squamous cell cancer of the lung. The patient underwent routine follow-up positron emission tomography imaging, which showed a hypermetabolic lesion in the posterior mediastinum and was increased at the level of the midesophagus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of eosinophilic esophagitis demonstrated by positron emission tomography imaging and confirmed with endoscopic evaluation and biopsies both after positron emission tomography imaging and a trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy. This could have an impact on the diagnostic evaluation of esophageal eosinophilic inflammation as well as eosinophilic infiltration of other gastrointestinal organs.
Mountain Valley Evacuation by Upper Level Flows: A Scale Model Study

The motivation for this study was to understand the complex shear flow associated with the evacuation of inversion layers and the removal of pollution from mountain valleys. An upper level flow across an inversion layer within a mountain valley can create strong wind shear and turbulence at the inversion interface. In our experiments, the inversion layer was forced over the downstream mountain followed by the establishment of a new steady-state equilibrium position for the inversion. The evacuation process was dependent on the onset of a standing wave in the mountain valley and the formation of a vortex on the leeside of the upstream mountain. This phenomenon only occurred at higher flow velocities. Subsequently, the inversion layer was no longer forced over the downstream mountain, but drawn up the leeside of the upstream mountain by the vortex and transported away by the upper level flow. This situation has important implications for airports in mountainous regions, suggesting it may be feasible to predict the onset and time scale of the erosion process. We include comparisons with atmospheric flows.
Quasifree pion single charge exchange at 500 MeV

Abstract Pion single charge exchange at 500 MeV has been used to observe inclusive quasifree scattering on carbon and zirconium. Fitted differential cross sections for carbon agree with a Pauli-blocked Fermi-gas model, but shifts of the QF peak positions relative to free scattering show a softening effect.
Investigation of Serrated Roll Surface Differences on Ribbon Thickness During Roller Compaction

Many parameters are considered when developing a roller compaction process. However, roll serration volume is generally not considered when using serrated rolls. It was hypothesized that serration volume of concavo-convex rolls can have a significant effect on ribbon thickness due to differences in nip angle. Experiments were conducted to investigate ribbon thickness using different roll sets having a range of serration volumes. Roll sets with approximately twice the serration volume produce ribbons 20–25% greater in thickness. These results correlated with physical measurements taken of the serrations from each set. Thus, differences in roll serration volume can significantly affect ribbon thickness.
Early Responding Dendritic Cells Direct the Local NK Response To Control Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection within the Cornea

Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, we exploit the unique avascularity of the cornea to examine a role for local or very early infiltrating DCs in regulating the migration of blood-derived innate immune cells toward HSV-1 lesions. A single systemic diphtheria toxin treatment 2 d before HSV-1 corneal infection transiently depleted CD11c+ DCs from both the cornea and lymphoid organs of CD11c-DTR bone marrow chimeric mice for up to 24 h postinfection. Transient DC depletion significantly delayed HSV-1 clearance from the cornea through 6 d postinfection. No further compromise of viral clearance was observed when DCs were continuously depleted throughout the first week of infection. DC depletion did not influence extravasation of NK cells, inflammatory monocytes, or neutrophils into the peripheral cornea, but it did significantly reduce migration of NK cells and inflammatory monocytes, but not neutrophils, toward the HSV-1 lesion in the central cornea. Depletion of NK cells resulted in similar loss of viral control to transient DC ablation. Our findings demonstrate that resident corneal DCs and/or those that infiltrate the cornea during the first 24 h after HSV-1 infection contribute to the migration of NK cells and inflammatory monocytes into the central cornea, and are consistent with a role for NK cells and possibly inflammatory monocytes, but not polymorphonuclear neutrophils, in clearing HSV-1 from the infected cornea.
Idiopathic pericardial effusion in a seven-year-old Labrador Retriever

INVESTIGATION The dog was admitted and blood samples were taken. Haematology was unremarkable, however biochemistry revealed mild elevations in alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase, which were likely to be secondary to hepatic congestion. Echocardiography revealed a pericardial effusion, which was leading to marked right-sided tamponade (Fig. 3). There was no evidence of structural cardiac disease and careful examination for neoplastic masses was unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a large volume abdominal effusion, but also hepatomegaly and congestion of both the CASE HISTORY A seven-year-old, female, neutered Labrador presented with a five-day history of progressive lethargy and exercise intolerance. Moderate tachypnoea was noted after gentle exercise, however neither dyspnoea nor coughing were reported. There had been progressive abdominal distension over the two weeks prior to presentation, with the owners initially thinking that the dog had started to put on weight. There was no significant previous history, and the dog was eating and drinking normally.
Adjunctive Use of Atypical Antipsychotics for Treatment-Resistant Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common, chronic mental illness that has a significant burden on the patient's quality of life. Treatment for GAD routinely consists of monotherapy with a proven anxiolytic such as an antidepressant or benzodiazepine, but many patients do not respond fully to these drugs, and additional treatment may be needed. Therefore, we reviewed the safety and efficacy of atypical antipsychotics as adjunct therapy to standard GAD pharmacotherapy in patients deemed treatment resistant. We performed a literature search of the MEDLINE database for English-language articles published from January 1966-May 2009. Identified articles were evaluated, and only open-label trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the review. Relevant references from the articles were also evaluated. Only a few reports of large-scale RCTs that assessed an atypical antipsychotic for treatment-resistant GAD have been published. Articles were found for five of the eight currently available atypical antipsychotics, but not for asenapine, clozapine, and paliperidone. Several open-label trials and smaller RCTs support the need for further evaluation of aripiprazole and quetiapine for treatment-refractory GAD, although one quetiapine trial demonstrated negative results. There is disparate data for risperidone, with one open-label trial and one small RCT showing positive results and one large RCT showing negative results. One open-label trial of ziprasidone and one RCT of olanzapine both showed beneficial effects of the drugs. Adverse effects were specific to each agent, with weight gain being the most common, but many studies did not monitor systematically for lipid level, weight, or glucose level changes. Although data suggest efficacy regarding the use of atypical antipsychotics for augmentation of treatment-refractory GAD, more rigorous studies (large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials) on the safety and efficacy of these agents are needed in order to recommend their use in patients with GAD.
Hydrologic Model Developed for Stormwater Infiltration Practices

AbstractA rain garden is a typical stormwater infiltrating facility designed for on-site water-quality enhancement. A rain garden consists of a surface storage basin and subsurface infiltrating media. The storage basin is designed to be shallow, flat, and wide with an overtopping weir to pass excess flows, while the subsurface infiltrating system is composed of two layers of filtering media. The upper layer is filled with sand mix, and the lower layer is formed with gravels. In this study, the storage basin is sized to capture the water quality capture volume (WQCV) that is determined using the lognormal distribution to describe the population of rainfall event depths. The subsurface filtering layers are sized to achieve the targeted flow release and drain time. A surface–subsurface hydrologic model is developed in this study to simulate the water-loading process in the storage basin and also the infiltrating process through the sand-mix layer. Based on field tests and data, this hydrologic model is furth...
OVARIAN HORMONES ALTER THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF THE MEDIAL PREOPTIC ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS TO ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN

Abstract In Syrian hamsters ( Mesocricetus autatus ) arginine-vasopressin (AVP) within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) plays a critical role in the control of a hormone-dependent behavior called flank marking. The present study investigated whether ovarian hormones influence flank marking by altering the response of the MPOA-AH to AVP. The amount of flank marking stimulated by microinjection of AVP (9 μ M in 200 nl saline) into the MPOA-AH varied significantly over the 4 days of the estrous cycle with the lowest levels of flank marking observed on estrus. A second experiment demonstrated that administration of progesterone significantly reduced AVP-stimulated flank marking in estradiol-treated ovariectomized hamsters. These data support the hypothesis that the changing levels of estradiol and progesterone during the estrous cycle influence flank marking by altering the sensitivity or response of the MPOA-AH to AVP.
Age Rank/Clade Rank Metrics-Sampling, Taxonomy, and the Meaning of “Stratigraphic Consistency”

Paleontologistsfrequently contrastcladerank(i.e., nodalorpatristicdistancefrom thebase of a cladogram) with age rank (i.e., relative erst known appearances of the analyzed taxa) to measure the degree of congruence between the estimated phylogeny and the fossil record. Although some potential biases of these methods have been examined (e.g., the effect of tree imbalance), other prop- erties of age rank/clade rank (ARCR) comparisons have not been studied in detail. A basic premise of ARCR metrics is that outgroup taxa diverged earlier than ingroups and thus should erst appear in older strata. For example, given phylogeny (A,(B,C)), then taxon A should be sampled before either taxon B or taxon C. We examine this premise in the context of (1) phylogenetic theory, (2) taxonomic practice,(3)samplingintensity (R), and(4)factorsotherthansamplingintensity(includingcladogram accuracy). Simulationscombiningcladeevolutionandsamplingovertimeindicateapoorrelationship between ARCR metrics and R when all taxa are apomorphy-based monophyletic groups. However, a good relationship exists when taxa are either stem-based monophyletic groups or if workers in- clude taxa without a priori decisions about monophyly or paraphyly. These results are not surprising becausecladograms predicttheorder in whichlineagesdiverged(which applies tostem-based mono- phyletic taxa) and the order in which morphologic grades appeared (which applies to paraphyletic taxa relative to derived monophyletic groups). Other factors that increase ARCR metrics when the average R stays the same include high temporal variation in R, budding instead of bifurcating speci- ation patterns, low extinction rates, cladogram inaccuracy, and (to a much lesser extent) large clade size. These results suggest several plausible explanations for patterned differences in ARCR metrics among clades, thereby compromising their validity as measures of the quality of the fossil record. (Fossils; parsimony; simulations; stratigraphic consistency.)
Ex-post full surplus extraction, straightforwardly

Consider an estimate of the common value of an auctioned asset that is symmetric in the bidders’ types. Such an estimate can be represented solely in terms of the order statistics of those types. This representation forms the basis for a pricing rule yielding truthful bidding as an equilibrium, whether bidders’ types are affiliated or independent. We highlight the link between the estimator and full surplus extraction, providing a necessary and sufficient condition for ex-post full surplus extraction, including the possibility of independent types. The results offer sharp insights into the strengths and limits of simple auctions by identifying the source of informational rents in such environments.