cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limited Stock Market Participation and Goods Market Frictions: A Potential Resolution for Puzzles in International Finance

The popular assumption based on complete markets that the log of real exchange rate growth equals the difference between the logs of home and foreign IMRSs imposes a tight restriction on explaining the joint behavior of asset prices, exchange rates, and international risk sharing. We study asset prices, exchange rates, and consumption dynamics in a general equilibrium two-country macro-finance model that features both asset-market and goods-market frictions. For the asset-market friction, we consider limited stock market participation a la Guvenen (2009). In addition, we follow Corsetti, Dedola, and Leduc (2008) to model frictions to international trade such as non-traded goods and distribution cost. We provide analysis of the model linearized to the second order, by implementing the method proposed by Devereux and Sutherland (2010) to overcome the indeterminacy issues with portfolio choice. The model generates a high price of risk, smooth exchange rates, and makes substantial progress towards explaining the empirically observed low consumption growth correlation between countries. We find that distribution cost plays a central role for reducing international consumption co-movement while also amplifying risk premia.
Se Batalla Mucho: Border Enforcement and the Story of Hilda and Julián

This chapter relates the migratory experiences of Hilda and Julian, a young married couple from a small village in the rural northwestern section of the state of Guanajuato. Julian made his first trip to the USA in 1994, at the age of 21, just as he and Hilda were beginning their romance. He went back and forth between Guanajuato and Dallas, Texas for the next couple of years before returning to marry Hilda at the end of 1996. They returned to Dallas together to live and work early in 1997. Although their first border-crossing together went relatively smoothly, when they attempted to return with their baby daughter after a visit home at the beginning of 2000, they suffered tremendously. Hilda and Julian’s second sojourn in Dallas was marked by a series of economic and emotional setbacks that led them to question whether it made sense for them to remain together in Dallas, especially since it was nearly impossible for Hilda to work after having two more children there. Finally, in mid-2003 they decided it would be best for Hilda to return to Guanajuato with their children. Even though it was getting more difficult and dangerous every year, Julian continued to go back and forth across the border to work. The suffering experienced by the couple in their migratory experiences is analyzed in terms of Galtung’s concepts of structural and cultural violence.
Prepubertal ovariectomy modulates paced mating behavior but not sexual preference or conditioned place preference for mating in female rats

The present study investigated whether the presence or absence of peripubertal ovarian hormones affects sexual preference and conditioned place preference for paced mating in adult female rats primed with 10μg estradiol benzoate and 1mg progesterone. Ovariectomy (OVX) occurred either before or after pubertal development, and 4weeks later rats began a series of behavioral tests. Rats with ovaries removed before the pubertal timeframe (Prepubertal OVX) were more active, more likely to withdrawal from the male compartment, and did not discriminate between mounts and intromissions during paced mating relative to rats with ovaries during puberty (Adult OVX). Both Adult OVX and Prepubertal OVX rats showed a higher preference for the male when hormone primed vs. oil treated and a conditioned place preference for paced mating behavior. The results of the present study demonstrate that some, but not all, aspects of female sexual behavior require ovarian hormones during puberty.
Fixation Release and the Bone Bandaid: A New Bone Fixation Device Paradigm

The current gold standard of care for mandibular segmental defeat reconstruction is the use of Ti-6Al-4V immobilization hardware and fibular double barrel graft. This method is often successful immediately at restoring mandible function, however the highly stiff fixation hardware causes stress shielding of the grafted bone and stress concentration in the fixation device over time which can lead to fixation device failure and revision surgery. The purpose of reconstructive surgery could be to create normal stress trajectories in the mandible following engraftment. We investigate the use of a two stage mechanism which separates the immobilization/healing and regenerative phases of mandibular segmental defect treatment. The device includes the use of a very stiff, Ti-6Al-4V, releasable mechanism which assures bone healing. Therefore it could be released once the reconstructed boney tissue and any of its ligamentous attachments have completely healed. Underneath the released Ti-6Al-4V plate would be a pre-loaded nitinol (NiTi) wire-frame apparatus that facilitates the normal stress-strain trajectory through the engrafted bone after the graft is healed in place and the Ti-6Al-4V fixation device has been released. Due to the use of NiTi wires forming a netting that connects vascularized bone and possibly bone chips, bone grafts are also more likely to be incorporate rather than to resorb. We first evaluated a healthy adult mandible during normal mastication to obtain the normal stress-strain distribution. Then, we developed the finite element (FE) model of the mandibular reconstruction (in the M1-3 region) with the proposed fixation device during the healing (locked state) and post-healing (released state) periods. To recreate normal stress trajectory in the reconstructed mandible, we applied the Response Surface Methodology (RMS) to optimize the Bone Bandaid geometry (i.e., wire diameters and location). The results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism immobilizes the grafted bone in the locked state properly since the maximum resultant gap (21.54 micron) between the graft and host mandible surfaces are in the safe region (less than 300 micron). By considering the von Mises criteria for failure, FE analysis together with experimental studies (i.e., compressive and tensile testing on the inferior and superior fixation devices, respectively) confirm that the proposed fixation devices do not fail, showing safety factor of at least 10.3. Based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique, the optimal parameter values for the wires are achieved (0.65 mm and 1 mm for the superior and inferior wires, respectively) and the required level of preload on each wire are calculated (369.8 N and 229 N for the inferior and superior wires, respectively). The FE results for stress distribution on the reconstructed mandible during the released state closely match that of a healthy mandible.
Patterning Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Microenvironments Using Hyperbranched Polyglycerols for Independent Control of Mesh Size and Stiffness

The extracellular matrix is an environment rich with structural, mechanical, and molecular signals that can impact cell biology. Traditional approaches in hydrogel biomaterial design often rely on modifying the concentration of cross-linking groups to adjust mechanical properties. However, this strategy provides limited capacity to control additional important parameters in 3D cell culture such as microstructure and molecular diffusivity. Here we describe the use of multifunctional hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) to manipulate the mechanical properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels while not altering biomolecule diffusion. This strategy also provides the ability to separately regulate spatial and temporal distribution of biomolecules tethered within the hydrogel. The functionalized HPGs used here can also react through a copper-free click chemistry, allowing for the encapsulation of cells and covalently tethered biomolecules within the hydrogel. Because of the hyperbranched architecture and un...
Phase I clinical trial on pomalidomide and dexamethasone in treating patients with relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) or primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL).

7516Background: PCNSL is a diffuse large B cell lymphoma confined to the CNS. Pomalidomide (POM) is a novel immunomodulatory agent with excellent CNS penetration (~40%) based on CNS PK analysis in ...
Finding domain-general metacognitive mechanisms requires using appropriate tasks

An important yet unresolved question is whether or not metacognition consists of domain-general or domain-specific mechanisms. While most studies on this topic suggest a dissociation between metacognitive abilities at the neural level, there are conflicting reports at the behavioral level. Specifically, while McCrudy et al. (2013) found a positive correlation between metacognitive efficiency for visual perception and memory, Baird et al. (2013) didn9t find this correlation. One possible explanation for this disparity is that the former included two-alternative-forced choice (2AFC) judgments in both their visual and memory tasks, whereas the latter used 2AFC for one task and yes/no (YN) judgments for the other. In support of this hypothesis, we ran two online experiments meant to mirror McCurdy et al. (2013) and Baird et al. (2013) with considerable statistical power (n = 100), and replicated the main findings of both studies. This suggests the finding of McCurdy et al (2013) was not a 9fluke9 (i.e., false positive). In a third experiment with the same sample size, which included YN judgments for both tasks, we did not find a correlation between metacognitive functions, suggesting that the conflict between McCurdy et al. (2013) and Baird et al. (2013) stemmed from the use of YN judgments in the latter study. Our results underscore the need to avoid conflating 2AFC and YN judgments, which is a common problem.
Metabolism of a sea lamprey pesticide by fish liver enzymes part B: method development and application in quantification of TFM metabolites formed in vivo.

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a destructive invasive species in the Great Lakes. Since the 1960s, tons of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been applied to selected tributaries each year to eliminate or reduce sea lamprey larval populations. Therefore, the environmental impact of TFM needs to be evaluated. However, the metabolism of TFM and its mechanism of selective toxicity in sea lamprey is not yet fully understood. Based upon our previous report on the identification, synthesis, and characterization of TFM metabolites observed in liver incubates from sea lamprey and non-target fishes, we now provide a robust assay for quantifying TFM and its metabolites in fish liver tissue. This method is important for assessing bioaccumulation of TFM in the ecosystems. The compounds purified in our previous report were used to develop and validate a quantitative ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for TFM and TFM metabolites formed in vivo. Several sample preparation techniques were compared, and a protein precipitation method was selected. The unavailability of stable isotopic internal standards was overcome by using a matrix matching method. After a thorough validation, this method was applied to determine the concentrations of TFM and its metabolites in fish liver tissues from animals exposed to TFM, and in the comparison between dead animals and survivors. Seven of eight expected metabolites were observed, some for the first time in vivo. Our results indicate that in vivo nitroreduction, glucuronidation, sulfation, and glutathione conjugation are involved in TFM metabolism in sea lamprey.
Multiplicity and distribution of rDNA cistrons among chromosome I and VII aneuploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The strains characterized in this study were simple (trisomy or tetrasomy for chromosome I or VII, i.e. 2n + 1I or 2n + 2I or 2n + 1VII or 2n + 2VII) and double (2n + 1I + 1VII, 2n + 2I + 1VII and 2n + 2I + 2VII) aneuploids. All aneuploids were essentially homozygous and identical in their genetic background of the 15 chromosomes other than I or VII. In addition to observed differences in colonial morphologies (ref. [2] and this study table 1) the simple aneuploids were found to exhibit depressed growth rates and possibly diminished amounts of rRNA (26s + 17s + 5s) relative to either the normal diploid or the double aneuploids. The rRNA (26s + 17s) was purified electrophoretically and used with the technique of RNA-DNA hybridization to determine the total content of rRNA genes and the relative distribution of these genes in the aneuploids. The annealing studies confirmed previous reports using monosomic strains of S. cerevisiae [4–6] that about two-thirds or more of the rRNA genes are located on chromosome I. The results further show that no more than 10–15% of the remaining rRNA genes could be assigned to chromosome VII. These results suggest that the phenotypic changes associated with the inclusion of extra copies of chromosome VII are due to factors other than a simple increase in rRNA genes.
Ethanol and Lipid Metabolism

The main alteration of lipid metabolism secondary to the consumption of alcohol is excessive accumulation of fat in both the liver and the blood, commonly referred to as fatty liver and alcoholic hyperlipemia respectively.
Is Derrida’s View of Ideal Being Rationally Defensible?

In this paper I shall inquire to what extent there may be good reasons for holding (or rejecting) Derrida’s view on the existence and nature of ideal being or universals. That is, is his view true or is it false? And are there considerations which can be stated in the form of propositions (indicative sentences) that can be known to be true and that logically entail, or render significantly probable, either the view of ideal being which Derrida maintains or its negation? What would be the results of an appraisal of Derrick’s position on this matter from the viewpoint of standard logic? I share Newton Garver’s “... worry... that Derrida may not have left himself any ground on which to stand and may be enticing us along a path to nowhere….”1
Fires originating in branch-circuit NM cables due to installation damage:

A significant fraction of US structure fires originate in electrical wiring, and there is also reason to believe that these numbers may be systematically undercounted. The role of voltage surges an...
Translational research in radiology: challenges and role in a patient-based practice.

Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins UniversitySchool of Medicine, Baltimore, MDTranslational research has, in recent years, become a popular agenda item at the NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH) and within the biomedical community at large. The NIH’s interestin the topic, which arose from the apparent disconnection between basic science discoveriesand their implementation in the clinic, is reflected in the Roadmap for Medical Research,announced in 2003 [1]. The Roadmap proposes three trends for the advancement of medicalscience: (1) “New pathways to discovery,” dedicated to the development of new methods tounderstand complex biological systems; (2) “Research teams of the future,” aimed atfacilitating interdisciplinary research; and (3) “Re-engineering the clinical research enterprise,”emphasizing clinical and translational or “patient-oriented” research. This has spawned severalnew initiatives; the most important, with respect to translational research in radiology, are theInstitutional Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) [ 2], the NIH Rapid Access toInterventional Development Pilot Program [3] and the National Center for BiomedicalComputing [4].Lean et al. [5] define translational research as the process that leads from evidence basedmedicine to sustainable solutions for public health problems. This process clearly cuts a wideswath through clinical science, and these authors conceive three crucial phases for its successfulpursuit:
Surgical Treatment of Infrainguinal Occlusive Disease in Diabetes

Diabetes is a ubiquitous disease process that initiates and accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in all vascular territories, and remains the leading cause of limb loss in the United States. Diabetes and smoking are the two strongest risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD), and when present in combination they portend a high risk for progression to critical limb ischemia (CLI). The severity of the clinical presentation can be broad, ranging from symptoms of intermittent claudication (IC) to CLI with extensive gangrene. Importantly, many patients with diabetes present with CLI without an antecedent history of IC due to the common anatomic pattern of diffuse infrapopliteal disease with proximal sparing. The goal of surgical intervention for advanced PAD is to preserve a functional limb—through relief of pain, clearance of infection, and promotion of wound healing. Four types of treatment options exist: medical management, open surgical revascularization, endovascular intervention, or primary amputation. Although patients with diabetes tend to have unique clinical presentations and anatomic patterns of disease compared to nondiabetics, the vascular treatment algorithms for advanced PAD are broadly similar. Therapeutic decisions are individualized for each patient, factoring in estimated life expectancy, current functional status, comorbid conditions, severity of ischemia, and the underlying vascular anatomy. Diabetic patients with CLI are a high risk group, underscoring the importance of making the correct decision about which intervention to apply, and executing a quality revascularization in a timely fashion. Although patency outcomes of infrainguinal vein grafts are no different in diabetes, limb loss and mortality rates tend to be higher in this overall population. Aggressive management of the ischemic–neuropathic diabetic foot is the critical component to successful limb salvage, and requires multidisciplinary expertise.
Industrial Process Models

While application of the econometric approach outlined in the previous sections can give a general indication of how energy demand will evolve in response to fuel prices, it should be noted that this response cannot be stated in terms of specific technological changes, even though it is recognized that for a change in energy demand to occur, some change or modification to production technology must take place. Indeed, proponents of the econometric approach would argue that this is one of the advantages of the approach, in that the effect of technologies yet to be developed can be taken into account (without actually defining them). Of course, for this to be valid, one must suppose that the type of technological response induced by the price changes in the historical period that is subject to the econometric estimation will continue into the future.
Atomistic origins of Guinier-Preston zone formation and morphology in Al-Cu and Al-Ag alloys from first principles

Abstract Using first-principles computations we provide comprehensive energetics at zero Kelvin of Guinier-Preston zone (GPZ) formation and topologies of GPZs in two classical Al binaries: Al-Cu and Al-Ag. Without a priori geometric and morphological assumptions, we conclusively show that GPZs in Al-Cu prefer a planar arrangement of {100} layers while GPZs in Al-Ag consist of clusters with {111} facets. We expand the model to 34 additional elements from the fourth and the fifth rows of the periodic table. The morphologies can be entirely related to directional nature and hybridization of Al 3s and 3p orbitals in the presence of secondary elements.
The Effects of Author Identity on Dialogue for Virtual Human Communication Skills Training

Because human-produced language is often still considered the golden standard in the natural language generation field, many virtual humans (VHs) used in communication-skills training simulations continue to be accompanied by human-authored dialogue instead of computer-generated dialogue. The human author used for writing such dialogue, however, has yet to be investigated. Dialogue authors can have a variety of identities - gender, culture, profession, etc. - which may or may not have an effect on the VH dialogue they produce. An identity incongruency between an author and the VH itself could have unexpected effects on VH interviewers' interactions. Therefore, in this paper, we examine the effect of an author's identity on VH dialogue produced in the context of a virtual patient (VP) interview. We evaluated writing samples from speech-language pathology (SLP) students and Chinese and Chinese Americans when creating a Chinese VP suffering from trouble swallowing. We also conducted a user study in which SLP students interviewed VPs created with dialogue from these different author identities. Our results indicate that there are some content differences in the dialogue produced by different author identities and that VH interviewers are able to recognize these differences.
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that has been well-characterized clinically, yet it is still poorly understood. Acute FPIES is characterized by vomiting 1–4 h and/or diarrhea within 24 h after ingestion of a culprit food. Chronic FPIES is the result of chronic exposure to an offending food that can result in chronic watery diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, and failure to thrive. FPIES typically presents in infancy and self-resolves by school age in most patients. Adult-onset FPIES is rare, but it has been reported. Cow’s milk and soy are the most common triggering foods in infants in the US, and as solids are introduced in the diet, FPIES reactions to grains (rice, oat) increase in prevalence. Variability in common trigger foods exists depending on the geographical origin—for example, fish is a frequent trigger in Spanish and Italian patients. Heavy reliance on a detailed history is required for the diagnosis as physical exam findings, laboratory tests, and/or imaging studies are suggestive and not specific for FPIES. Oral food challenges remain the gold standard for confirming diagnosis, and the challenge protocol may be for an individual depending on risk of reaction, prior reaction severity, and positive-specific IgE status. The recent development of diagnostic criteria in 2017 will serve to increase recognition of the disorder and allow for early implementation of management strategies. Acute management during reactions includes IV hydration, anti-emetics, and IV corticosteroids. Reaction prevention strategies include strict food avoidance until the physician deems a food reintroduction challenge clinically appropriate. Future efforts in FPIES research should be aimed at elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms and possible treatment targets.
Spatial Inductance Estimation for Current Loop Auto-Tuning in IPMSM Self-Commissioning

This paper presents a comprehensive study on current loop auto-tuning for self-commissioning of sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives. Well-tuned current controllers are essential for both high-performance operation and self-commissioning procedure. However, current controller design parameters, i.e., $L_{d}$ and $L_{q}$ , are not known at the beginning of the self-commissioning procedure where their estimation also has unique challenges. For example, an initial rotor position to determine the actual d - and q -axes is not known. Also, feedback controllers cannot be used in the estimation because they are not tuned yet. As a solution, this paper proposes a method to estimate the spatial inductance map by spatially scanning the motor via sinusoidal voltage injection in a controlled manner. Then it uses the estimated inductance values to tune the current controllers. The proposed method identifies $L_{d}$ and $L_{q}$ values using open-loop voltage injection without needing actual d - and q -axis positions. The whole procedure takes around a second. Practical considerations such as an automatic selection of the injection voltage, and digital control and dead-time effects are carefully addressed. The findings are experimentally verified on a 3-phase IPMSM drive. Furthermore, its applicability to different motor types is also demonstrated.
Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus

Equine rhinopneumonitis virus causes respiratory disease, abortion, myeloencephalitis, perinatal deaths, and probably occasionally mild genital disease. Viruses, known for several decades to be associated with respiratory disease and abortion in the United States and Europe, were shown to be similar and the name equine rhinopneumonitis was introduced. It has been showed that the virus was herpesvirus. A modified live EHVI vaccine has been introduced. Myeloencephalitis and perinatal mortality are recognized as sporadic and epizootic in occurrence. Evidence exists that only certain strains of virus are responsible for epizootic abortion. EHVI disease was first described in the United States and shortly after in Europe; however, it has probably always existed. Virus grows well in the cell culture of equine origin and in pig and rabbit cells. The histopathogical examination of aborted fetal tissues—especially, liver, lung, adrenal—can confirm a diagnosis.
The transcriptomic signature of low aggression in honey bees resembles a response to infection

Behavior reflects an organism’s health status. Many organisms display a generalized suite of behaviors that indicate infection or predict infection susceptibility. We apply this concept to honey bee aggression, a behavior that has been associated with positive health outcomes in previous studies. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the brain, fat body, and midgut of adult sibling worker bees who developed as pre-adults in relatively high versus low aggression colonies. Previous studies showed that this pre-adult experience impacts both aggressive behavior and resilience to pesticides. We performed enrichment analyses on differentially expressed genes to determine whether variation in aggression resembles the molecular response to infection. We further assessed whether the transcriptomic signature of aggression in the brain is similar to the neuromolecular response to acute predator threat, exposure to a high-aggression environment as an adult, or adult behavioral maturation. Across all three tissues assessed, genes that are differentially expressed as a function of aggression significantly overlap with genes whose expression is modulated by a variety of pathogens and parasitic feeding. In the fat body, and to some degree the midgut, our data specifically support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a diseased or parasitized state. However, we find little evidence of active infection in individuals from the low aggression group. We also find little evidence that the brain molecular signature of aggression is enriched for genes modulated by social cues that induce aggression in adults. However, we do find evidence that genes associated with adult behavioral maturation are enriched in our brain samples. Results support the hypothesis that low aggression resembles a molecular state of infection. This pattern is most robust in the peripheral fat body, an immune responsive tissue in the honey bee. We find no evidence of acute infection in bees from the low aggression group, suggesting the physiological state characterizing low aggression may instead predispose bees to negative health outcomes when they are exposed to additional stressors. The similarity of molecular signatures associated with the seemingly disparate traits of aggression and disease suggests that these characteristics may, in fact, be intimately tied.
Childhood Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Filipina and South Asian Women in the United States.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common form of interpersonal violence and impacts the health and well-being of victims over their lifetime. Many victims of IPV experience multiple ...
EVALUATION OF ADHESION MOLECULES ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS

Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. The clinical signs are non-specific and indistinguishable from those caused by a variety of neonatal non-infective disorders. Specific leucocyte surface antigens are known to be expressed after inflammatory cells are activated by bacteria or their cellular products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of neutrophil adherence molecules CD11b, CD64, and CD62L (l-selectin) for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Peripheral blood samples were taken from neonates, who were classified into three groups: neonatal sepsis; non-infective disorder and healthy newborn with physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Serum C-reactive protein was quantified at the initial evaluation. Neutrophil and monocyte expressions of CD11b, CD64 and CD62L were determined by flow cytometry and presented as mean fluorescence intensity and percentage of cells showing expression of the assessed adhesion molecules. The diagnostic utilities including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of each marker for predicting systemic infection were determined. Expression of CD64 and CD11b was significantly enhanced in the group with sepsis compared with newborns with non-infective disorder and the control group. Our data indicate that the determination of CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes is a useful diagnostic marker for the early diagnosis of neonatal infection and the combination of CD64, CD11b and C-reactive protein further enhances the sensitivity and negative predictive value to 100%.
Reproductive Chances of Men with Azoospermia Due to Spermatogenic Dysfunction

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), or lack of sperm in the ejaculate due to spermatogenic dysfunction, is the most severe form of infertility. Men with this form of infertility should be evaluated prior to treatment, as there are various underlying etiologies for NOA. While a significant proportion of NOA men have idiopathic spermatogenic dysfunction, known etiologies including genetic disorders, hormonal anomalies, structural abnormalities, chemotherapy or radiation treatment, infection and inflammation may substantively affect the prognosis for successful treatment. Despite the underlying etiology for NOA, most of these infertile men are candidates for surgical sperm retrieval and subsequent use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this review, we describe common etiologies of NOA and clinical outcomes following surgical sperm retrieval and ICSI.
Phase II Single-Arm Study to Assess Trastuzumab and Vinorelbine in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients With HER2-Negative Tumors and HER2-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells

PURPOSEHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–directed treatments improve outcomes for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Current identification of patients with H...
Ambient Air Temperature, Air Quality and the Timing of Excess Mortality Among Young Men in the United States

I use data on 187 counties in the United States from 2001 to 2017 to examine local variation in the timing of the excess mortality hump, which is the period in adolescence and young adulthood when mortality rates spike in young men due to an increase in risk-taking behaviors believed to result from a surge of testosterone production and subsequent aggressive, impulsive behaviors. Using an ecological framework, I contend that certain features of the local environment will elevate testosterone production and stunt brain development, leading to behaviors that elevate the risk of death at younger ages. To explore this proposition, I assess the association between the age at the peak of the excess mortality hump in a county and local environmental conditions in that county. I find that the age at the peak of the excess mortality hump is younger in counties where the average annual temperature is high and in counties where air quality is poor.
El mayo de los estudiantes secundarios. Un movimiento social emergente que pone en evidencia los rasgos sociales y culturales del modelo neoliberal en Chile

E l 19 de mayo de 2006 algunos grupos de estudiantes secundarios de los liceos de Santiago de Chile ocuparon sus establecimientos, exigiendo al gobierno de Michelle Bachelet el cumplimiento de un conjunto de reivindicaciones que habian venido siendo presentadas a lo largo de 2005 a las autoridades del gobierno anterior. Minimizado por el gobierno, el movimiento crecio; las “tomas” se triplicaron y la opinion publica se mostro favorable a los estudiantes. La brutalidad de la represion, la claridad de los objetivos de los estudiantes, la autoridad moral que estos fueron manifestando a lo largo del conflicto y la enorme simpatia natural que mostraron sus dirigentes ante las camaras de television, fueron concitando adhesiones al movimiento en sectores cada vez mas significativos de la ciudadania. Sosteniendo un dialogo permanente con las autoridades, fueron cavando las trincheras de una guerra de posiciones que les permitio acumular fuerza y trasladar su lucha de un nivel gremial a una escala nacional, poniendo sobre la mesa del debate politico cuestionamientos sobre el modelo neoliberal imperante .
Toxicity to Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni of individual P1 protoxins and sporulated cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 and NRD-12

The toxicities to neonate Spodoptera exigua and Trichoplusia ni of lyophilized powders obtained from sporulated liquid cultures (referred to as sporulated cultures) and Escherichia coli-expressed P1 [cryIA(a) cryIA(b) cryIA(c)] protoxins from three-gene strains of NRD-12 and HD-1 of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were determined by using diet incorporation bioassays. Although sporulated cultures from both strains were more toxic to T. ni than S. exigua, there were no differences in toxicity between NRD-12 and HD-1. Toxicities of the three individual P1 protoxins against S. exigua varied by at least fivefold, with the cryIA(b) protein being the most toxic. These same protoxins varied in toxicity against T. ni by at least 16-fold, with the cryIA(c) protein being the most toxic. However, when tested against either S. exigua or T. ni, there were no differences in toxicity between an NRD-12 P1 protoxin and the corresponding HD-1 P1 protoxin. Comparing the toxicities of individual protoxins with that of sporulated cultures demonstrates that no individual protoxin was as toxic to S. exigua as the sporulated cultures. However, this same comparison against T. ni shows that both the cryIA(b) and cryIA(c) proteins are at least as toxic as the sporulated cultures. Results from this study suggest that NRD-12 is not more toxic to S. exigua than HD-1, that different protein types have variable host activity, and that other B. thuringiensis components are not required for T. ni toxicity but that other components such as spores might be required for S. exigua toxicity.
The southern Laurentide Ice Sheet

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advances in the understanding of the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) and its deposits since the publication of the Quaternary of the United States in 1965. The late Wisconsin southern LIS consists of thin, gently sloping lobes with low-driving stresses. The southernmost lobes have a wet bed to the margin and surges are probably common. Ice lobes in lowlands may be fed by ice streams. Not until after the late glacial maximum does ice warm to the margin. There are profound differences in the distribution and character of landforms, such as moraines, drumlins, and tunnel channels, and differences are likely to be in subglacial processes, with a soft-deforming bed occurring in places and sliding dominating in others. The extent of early Wisconsin and mid-Wisconsin ice is now thought to have been less extensive than previously interpreted. A wide array of global climate records shows that the LIS responds to climate changes and may also cause changes in climate because of the discharges of melt water and icebergs into the North Atlantic.
Intraoperative ultrasonography with a surgeon-manipulated microtransducer during robotic radical prostatectomy

Intraoperative transrectal ultrasonography during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been reported to lead to a reduction in surgical margin rates. However, the use of a surgeon-controlled ultrasound probe that allows for precise manipulation and direct interpretation of the image by a console surgeon has yet to be studied. The aim of the present study was to show initial feasibility using the microtransducer with 9-mm scan length controlled by the console surgeon during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in 10 patients. The transducer is designed as a drop-in probe with a flexible cord for insertion through a laparoscopic port, and is controlled by a robotic arm with the ultrasonographic image shown as a console Tile-pro display. Intraoperative localization of the biopsy-proven cancerous hypoechoic lesion was feasible in four out of four cases. The microtransducer facilitated identification of the bladder neck as well as the appropriate level of neurovascular bundle release. Negative surgical margin was achieved in all 10 cases (100%), even though five of 10 patients (50%) had extraprostatic (pT3) disease. Recovery of erectile function and continence was encouraging. In conclusion, intraoperative ultrasound navigation using a drop-type microtransducer is a novel technique that could enhance the incremental value of the standard information.
Defining airflow limitation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of outcome studies.

Outcome studies in high risk as well as general populations are needed to improve the recognition of early COPD http://ow.ly/MkxvJ
Weak antilocalization and zero-field electron spin splitting in Al x Ga 1 − x N ∕ AlN ∕ GaN heterostructures with a polarization-induced two-dimensional electron gas

Spin-orbit coupling is studied using the quantum interference corrections to conductance in AlxGa1�xN / AlN/ GaN two-dimensional electron systems where the carrier density is controlled by the persistent photoconductivity effect. All the samples studied exhibit a weak antilocalization feature with a spin-orbit field of around 1.8 mT. The zero-field electron spin splitting energies extracted from the weak antilocalization measurements are found to scale linearly with the Fermi wave vector ESS =2 kf with an effective linear spin-orbit coupling parameter = 5.5 10 �13 eV m. The spin-orbit times extracted from our measurements varied from 0.74 to 8.24 ps within the carrier density range of this experiment.
Using bloom filters to speed up HITS-like ranking algorithms

This paper describes a technique for reducing the querytime cost of HITS-like ranking algorithm. The basic idea is to compute for each node in the web graph a summary of its immediate neighborhood (which is a query-independent operation and thus can be done off-line), and to approximate the neighborhood graph of a result set at query-time by combining the summaries of the result set nodes. This approximation of the query-specific neighborhood graph can then be used to perform query-dependent link-based ranking algorithms such as HITS and SALSA.We have evaluated our technique on a large web graph and a substantial set of queries with partially judged results, and found that its effectiveness (retrieval performance) is comparable to the original SALSA algorithm, while its efficiency (query-time speed) is substantially higher.
An experimental analysis of a sector-vortex phased array prototype

This study involved the characterization of the individual elements in a prototype hyperthermia applicator based on the sector-vortex phased array. The results showed substantial variations in the amplitudes and phases of the pressure outputs of elements driven with the same input signal. However, these variations produced only a slight asymmetry in the side lobes and did not affect the 3-dB beamwidth of the characteristic focus. Compensating for the phase variations increased the focal intensity and improved the symmetry of the overall field pattern. Similar improvement was found when compensation was used for the synthesis of an annular field pattern. The fact that this compensation could be completely implemented in software demonstrates the flexibility of phased arrays. >
Solitary peripheral pulmonary papilloma evaluation on frozen section: A potential pitfall for the pathologist

Endobronchial papilloma is a rare entity that is in the differential for solitary pulmonary nodule. It almost always follows a benign course, with only rare malignant transformation being reported in the squamous variant. No malignant transformation of the glandular variant has been reported to the best of our knowledge, and therefore endobronchial papilloma must be distinguished from more aggressive neoplasms. This distinction is particularly important when one encounters this neoplasm in a peripheral location at frozen section. We report a case of a 65-year-old female with an incidentally discovered solitary peripheral pulmonary nodule identified during a commercial whole-body screening computed tomography (CT) scan. Interval scans revealed a concerning doubling time, and she presented to the surgical service for removal of the mass. Intraoperative frozen section evaluation revealed histologic characteristics favoring a benign neoplasm. Permanent histologic section revealed a glandular papilloma. Over 7 years of follow-up revealed a benign clinical course.
A MODEL FOR MICROBIALLY INDUCED PRECIPITATION OF VADOSE-ZONE CALCITES IN FRACTURES AT LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO, USA

Fractures are unique environments that can concentrate the flow of water, nutrients, and contaminants. As such, fractures play an important role in controlling the flux of various substances into and through the vadose zone. Calcite fracture fillings are present in the near surface in the Bandelier Tuff Formation at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and provide a record of the geochemical and hydrologic processes that have occurred in fractures. The objective of this study was to examine calcite fracture fills in order to improve understanding of processes within fractures, and in particular those that lead to precipitation of calcite. Samples of calcite fillings were collected from vertical and horizontal fractures exposed in a shallow waste-burial pit. Scanning electron microscopy show morphologies which suggest that plants, fungi, and bacteria were important in the precipitation process. Quadrupole mass spectrometric analyses of fluid inclusion gases show predominantly methane (17-99%) and little to no oxygen (0-8%), suggesting the development of anaerobic conditions in the fractures. Ester-linked phospholipid biomarkers are evidence for a diverse microbial community in the fractures, and the presence of di-ether lipids indicate that the methane was generated by anaerobic bacteria. The calcite fillings apparently resulted from multiple biological and chemical processes inmore » which plant roots in the fractures were converted to calcite. Roots grew into the fractures, eventually died, and were decomposed by bacteria and fungi. Anaerobic gases were generated from encapsulated organic material within the calcite via microbial decomposition, or were generated by microbes simultaneously with calcite precipitation. It is likely that the biological controls on calcite formation that occurred in the Los Alamos fractures also occurs in soils, and may explain the occurrence of other types of pedogenic calcites. 41 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.« less
Cortisol levels during chronic naltrexone maintenance treatment in ex-opiate addicts

Several studies have shown a rise in cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to a bolus administration of an opioid antagonist (Volavka et al. 1978, 1979; Judd et al. 1981; Nabor et al. 1981). This has fit well with the lowering of cortisol and ACTH levels that has been observed following the acute administration of all opiates and the chronic use of short-acting opiates (Chusman and Kreek 1974). However, during chronic treatment with a long-acting opiate, i.e., methadone, cortisol levels return to normal after several months (Cushman and Kreek 1974; Kreek 1978). Thus, the question has arisen whether or not chronic treatment with a long-acting opioid antagonist would result in a persistent elevation of cortisol levels, as has been found acutely. Therefore, we measured diurnal variation in cortisol levels in former opiate addicts who were being maintained for at least 15 weeks on naltrexone, a long-acting orally effective opioid antagonist.
Complex linear groups of degree less than 212 p — 3

This paper continues the search for bounds an the order of the Sylow p-subgroup P of a primitive complex projective linear group of degree less than 3(p -- 1)/2. We assume that all groups are finite and all representations, linear groups, or projective groups are over the complex numbers. The following is a consequence of our results.
A diminution of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol modulation of dynorphin A-(1–17) in conjunction with tolerance development

Abstract Previous research in this laboratory concerning Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spinal antinociception indicated the critical role of dynorphin A-(1–17) in spinal antinociception following acute intrathecal (i.t.) administration. In the present study, tolerance development to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spinal antinociception attenuated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced modulation of immunoreactive dynorphin A-(1–17). These data indicate that at lower doses of drug, desensitization of the cannabinoid receptor inhibits stimulation of downstream dynorphinergic neurons. However, at higher doses of drug, desensitization is overcome and spinal dynorphin A concentrations are increased by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol Antinociception in the absence of elevated dynorphin A-(1–17) levels in the tolerant rat suggests that factors other than the attenuated dynorphin release are components of antinociception in the tolerant state. The shift from the critical role of dynorphin A in cannabinoid antinociception vs. that in the non-tolerant state may indicate tolerance also at the κ-opioid receptor, a role as yet undetermined.
On congenital tritanomaly

Abstract The examination results of the tritanomal, Mrs. F., whose father is a tritan subdichromat, and of her closest relatives are described in detail in view of the rarity of congenital tritanomaly. No further affected members were found in the family so that the source of the defect remains unknown. A recessive sex-linked inheritance is not likely. Mrs. F. is obviously heterozygous for tritanomaly. An aquired tritan defect as a symptom of an inherited eye disease could be excluded by a thorough ophthalmological investigation of Mrs. F. and her sons and by lack of a history of such eye diseases in her close relatives.
Usage patterns and misuse rates of automatic seat belts by system type.

This study examined seat belt usage in North Carolina by drivers of 4,151 late model cars equipped with a variety of restraint system types. We measured usage by restraint type (automatic belt, air bag, manual belt), by make/model and by driver characteristics (age, sex, and race). Usage ranged from a high of 94.2% for motorized shoulder belts (but with only 28.6% lap belt usage in these cars) to 73.9% usage of manual lap/shoulder belts in cars equipped with air bags. Various types of misuse of the shoulder belt (e.g. excessive slack, detachment from the door, placement under the arm) were observed in nearly 6% of the sample.