cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial oligopoly and price discrimination with downward sloping demand

Abstract In the first stage of a two-stage game each of two firms chooses a location. In the second stage each partitions the set of customers into m subsets, charging a different price in each. The demand by each customer is downward sloping, while transportation costs are linear in distance. The unique equilibria for the cases m = 1,2, ∞ are established, m = ∞ meaning perfect spatial price discrimination. The changes, in m, of firms' profits and consumers' and total surpluses are established.
The paternal transference: A bridge to the erotic Oedipal transference

(1993). The paternal transference: A bridge to the erotic Oedipal transference. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 13, The Impact of Gender on Transference and Contertransference, pp. 206-225.
Resting Tachycardia in an Athlete

a g PRESENTATION The recognition of cardiac arrhythmias is of great importance in the medical evaluation of competitive athletes. Arrhythmias may limit athletic performance, render athletes non-eligible, or even lead to sudden death. Resting tachycardia in an athlete is rare but warrants a thorough evaluation. A 19-year-old varsity college baseball player was referred to a pediatric cardiologist for evaluation of resting tachycardia. He had been healthy and athletic, participating in many different sports. Although resting tachycardia had been noted during his annual physical fitness exams since early childhood, no further workup had been pursued. One month prior to his pediatric cardiologist visit, he had experienced an episode of chest tightness and shortness of breath after a long baseball practice. He reported no syncope, dizziness, orthopnea, or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. He denied using tobacco, drugs, or performance-enhancing supplements or herbs.
Telomere looping permits repression "at a distance" in yeast.

Abstract In yeast, unlike in higher eukaryotes, transcriptional activators and repressors do not normally work when bound to DNA at large distances (over 500 base pairs) [1] from the gene and, in particular, when positioned downstream of the gene [2, 3]. This restriction is relieved for a transcriptional activator if a gene bearing an activator binding site is placed near a yeast telomere [4]. The explanation proposed is that the folded structure found at the telomere helps appose the DNA-bound activator with proteins binding to the promoter so that recruitment of the transcriptional machinery can be effected "at a distance" [4]. Here, we show that a repressor, Tup1, works when tethered to DNA downstream of, and some 1.5-kb from, the gene when the construct is placed near a yeast telomere. The effect, observed with activated as well as basal transcription, is eliminated by deletion of Sir3. These and other results indicate that DNA-tethered Tup1 represses by interacting with some component of the transcriptional machinery binding to the promoter, an interaction that is facilitated by the preformed loop at the telomere.
Incorporation of rdiolabelled sugars into synaptic junctional macromolecules from chick brain

Individual radiolabelled sugars ([1-14C]-L-fucose, [U-14C]-D-galactose, [U-14C]-D-mannose, [U-14C]-D-glucose and [U-14C]-D-glucosamine) were injected intraventricularly into the forebrains of day-old chickens, and the relative incorporation, after 6 hr, into the glycoprotein sugars, aglycosyl protein, glycolipid sugars and aglycosyl lipid assessed. In addition, the relative total and specific activities of the individual glycoprotein sugars was also determined. Exclusive labelling of glycoprotein sugars (and of the fucose within these oligosaccharides) using fucose as precursor was confirmed, while optimal labelling of glycolipid sugars was achieved using the precursor mannose. Galactose, mannose, glucose and glucosamine were converted to varying degrees to other sugars and non-sugar precursors prior to incorporation. Glucosamine gave rise to the most even distribution of radioactivity among the glycoprotein sugar residues. The highest relative specific activities of the glycoprotein oligosaccharides were achieved using fucose and glucosamine as precursors.
Design of laser micromachined single crystal 6H–SiC diaphragms for high-temperature micro-electro-mechanical-system pressure sensors

Abstract A 248-nm, 23-ns pulsed excimer laser was used to micromachine 50 μm thick diaphragms in 6H–SiC wafers. The diaphragms were then subjected to high-pressure (0.7–7 MPa) and high temperature (500 K) tests to obtain the pressure-deflection curves. A finite element model was used to predict the stresses and displacements as a function of temperature and pressure. Model data is in good agreement with experiments. The stresses, strains and displacements were determined in order to facilitate the design of high-temperature micro-electro-mechanical-system pressure sensors.
A fluorescent water soluable carbodiimide-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid hydrozide reaction for the demonstration of carboxyl groups in proteins and mucosubstances.

The carbodiimide-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid hydrazide reaction as developed by Geyer (1964) was used without subsequent diazonium coupling as a fluorescent method for the demonstration of carboxyl groups in both proteins and mucosubstances. The topological distribution of the fluorophore was similar to that reported by Geyer. Quantitative microfluorometric studies on cartilage sections revealed differences in detail between emissions in cartilage matrix mucoprotein as compared to the dense connective tissue associated with the perichondrium which consists principally of protein. It would also appear that the primary fluorescent emission of unstained preparations at 450 mm should be useful in microfluorometric determinations of proteins.
Irradiating the groin nodes without breaking a leg: A comparison of techniques for groin node irradiation

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal technique for delivering postoperative radiotherapy for vulvar cancer and other tumors requiring treatment of the inguinal nodes. This project compared tumor coverage and normal tissue sparing for the 5 main radiotherapy techniques that are used to treat vulvar cancer. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan was undesirable because it resulted in an excessive dose to portions of the central pelvic structures. The photon thunderbird with skin match was unacceptable because it underdosed a portion of the groin region. The electron thunderbird was ideal for thin patients but was not applicable for most patients because of excessive dose to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The photon through-and-through and the photon thunderbird with deep match were acceptable in most situations. In thin patients, where the depth of the inguinal vessels is less than 3 cm, the electron thunderbird is the technique of choice. In the average-sized patient, both the photon through-and-through and the photon thunderbird with deep match are reasonable options. The available literature suggests that the risk of femoral neck fracture or necrosis of the femoral head is approximately 11% at 5 years using the photon through-and-through technique. In our opinion, this is an acceptable price to pay for reliable node coverage, setup simplicity, and zero risk of overdose at field junctions.
Pinned to the walls: impact of packaging and application properties on the memory and power walls

This article presents a study of the impact of packaging on the memory and power walls, in the context of application properties. The analysis is supported by characterizations of 130 hardware designs spanning 30 years, along with both microarchitectural simulation and actual-hardware performance counter measurements of 25 applications. It is shown that if trends in supply pin count (growing as the square root of current) and total packaging pin count (doubling every six years) continue, application memory bandwidth requirements, even in the presence of aggressive cache hierarchies, may limit the number of on-chip threads to under a thousand in 2020.
Porous Silicon Microparticle Potentiates Anti-Tumor Immunity by Enhancing Cross-Presentation and Inducing Type I Interferon Response

Micro- and nanometer-size particles have become popular candidates for cancer vaccine adjuvants. However, the mechanism by which such particles enhance immune responses remains unclear. Here, we report a porous silicon microparticle (PSM)-based cancer vaccine that greatly enhances cross-presentation and activates type I interferon (IFN-I) response in dendritic cells (DCs). PSM-loaded antigen exhibited prolonged early endosome localization and enhanced cross-presentation through both proteasome- and lysosome-dependent pathways. Phagocytosis of PSM by DCs induced IFN-I responses through a TRIF- and MAVS-dependent pathway. DCs primed with PSM-loaded HER2 antigen produced robust CD8 T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in mice bearing HER2+ mammary gland tumors. Importantly, this vaccination activated the tumor immune microenvironment with elevated levels of intra-tumor IFN-I and MHCII expression, abundant CD11c+ DC infiltration, and tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell responses. These findings highlight the potential of PSM as an immune adjuvant to potentiate DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Atypical Antipsychotics and Diabetes: Discussion and Monitoring Recommendations

Objective: To discuss the relationship between atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) and diabetes and to report new monitoring recommendations for patients being prescribed AAPs. Data Sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE and PubMed (1966-March 2004). Search terms included hyperglycemia, diabetes, glucose, atypical antipsychotics, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole. Only articles published in the English language were included in the search. Additionally, bibliographies of articles cited were used to identify additional articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All available articles identified by the data sources were reviewed and those deemed relevant to the review were included. Data Synthesis: Information pertaining to diabetes/hyperglycemia risk in case reports and submissions to the Medwatch system prompted the FDA to require labeling changes for all AAPs. The exact relationship between AAPs and diabetes remains unclear. The association is clouded by the fact that patients with schizophrenia are, in general, at higher risk for diabetes mellitus. Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary intake are 2 possible contributing causes of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia. Weight gain or other metabolic effects of AAPs may put patients at further risk of developing diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Epidemiologists, and North American Association for the Study of Obesity have released a joint consensus statement addressing some of the concerns related to AAP use. Conclusions: Because of the apparent increased risk of diabetes in patients taking AAPs, monitoring weight, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids should be a part of the baseline assessment and ongoing care.
El español de América a la luz de sus contactos con el mundo indígena y el europeo

Resumen En este trabajo, proponemos un modelo de analisis del espanol americano centrado en su contacto con otros idiomas y culturas que coexistieron en el llamado “Nuevo Mundo”. Para la elaboracion de este modelo nos centramos en elementos sociolinguisticos y semioticos, en especial el dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin y sus conceptos de utterance , cronotopo y alteridad. Palabras clave: contacto linguistico, dialogismo, indianizacion, teoria de la alteridad Abstract In this article we propose a model to analyze the spanish language and culture in the Americas that focuses on language and cultural contact as they coexisted in the New World since earlier times. We design this model taking into consideration sociolinguistic elements and the semiotic theory of Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogism and its key concepts of utterance, chronotope and alterity. Keywords: linguistic contact, dialogism, indianization, alterity
Constraint-based channel routing for analog and mixed analog/digital circuits

A well-defined methodology for mapping the constraints on a set of critical coupling capacitances into constraints in the vertical-constraint (VC) graph of a channel is presented. The approach involves directing undirected edges, adding directed edges, and increasing the weights of edges in the VC graph in order to meet crossover constraints between orthogonal segments and adjacency constraints between parallel segments while attempting to cause minimum increase in the channel height due to the constraints. Use is made of shield nets when necessary. A formal description of the conditions under which the crossover and the adjacency constraints are satisfied is provided and used to construct the appropriate mapping algorithms. The problem of imposing matching constraints on the routing parasitics in a channel with lateral symmetry is addressed. It is observed that perfect matching is not possible for a matched pair of nets with intersecting horizontal spans. A technique to achieve almost perfect mirror symmetry is presented for such pairs of nets. >
The Effect of Particle Size of Commercial Soybean Meal on Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broiler Chicks

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean meal (SBM) particle size on broiler performance, particularly P utilization. This experiment utilized a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with the following variables: SBM particle size, P level, and diet type, either corn-SBM or semipurified. SBM was obtained from a processing plant before (geometric mean diameter 1,239 μm) and after (891 μm) hammer milling. The P levels were 0.5% total P for deficient diets and 0.7% total P for adequate P diets. The coarse SBM improved bone ash (P
High-speed integrated logic with GaAs MESFET's

The feasibility of using GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (GaAs MESFET's) in fast switching and high-speed digital integrated circuit applications is demonstrated. GaAs MESFET's with 1-/spl mu/m gate length are shown to have a current-gain-bandwidth product f/SUB T/ equal to 15 GHz. These devices exhibit a 15 ps internal delay in a large-signal switching test. A simple logic circuit consisting of MESFET's and Schottky diodes was monolithically integrated on a semiinsulating GaAs substrate. This logic circuit exhibits a propagation delay of 60 ps with no output load, and 105 ps when its output is loaded by three similar logic gates. A useful bandwidth of approximately 3 GHz is observed.
MAPK signaling and the kidney.

Following an overview of the biochemistry of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the relevance of these signaling events to specific models of renal cell function and pathophysiology, both in vitro and in vivo, will be emphasized. In in vitro model systems, events activating the principal MAPK families [extracellular signal-regulated and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38] have been best characterized in mesangial and tubular epithelial cell culture systems and include peptide mitogens, cytokines, lipid mediators, and physical stressors. Several in vivo models of proliferative or toxic renal injury are also associated with aberrant MAPK regulation. It is anticipated that elucidation of downstream effector signaling mechanisms and a clearer understanding of the immediate and remote upstream activating pathways, when applied to these highly clinically relevant model systems, will ultimately provide much greater insight into the basis for specificity now seemingly absent from these signaling events.
Regenerating and Quantifying Quality of Benchmarking Data Using Static and Dynamic Provenance

Application benchmarks are critical to establishing the performance of a new system or library. But benchmarking a system can be tricky and reproducing a benchmark result even trickier. Provenance can help. Referencing benchmarks and their results on similar platforms for collective comparison and evaluation requires capturing provenance related to the process of benchmark execution, programs involved and results generated. In this paper we define a formal model of benchmark applications and required provenance, describe an implementation of the model that employs compile time static and runtime provenance capture, and quantify data quality in the context of benchmarks. Our results show that through a mix of compile time and runtime provenance capture, we can enable higher quality benchmark regeneration.
Rapid prototyping using the VMEbus in an open systems architecture real-time environment

This paper presents an open systems architecture (OSA) rapid prototyping concept developed at MITRE corporation. The prototype is for a synchronous communications controller. The following OSA elements form the basis of this rapid prototyping concept for real-time systems: VMEbus-based commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, standardized software, and networking protocol standards. The development methodologies for modeling real-time systems that have been implemented are described in conjunction with the (UNIX/VxWorks host) and target software development environment. By implementing this rapid system prototyping concept, the hardware and software development life cycles are shortened. In addition, the utilization of standards leads to a simplified migration path for upgrading systems. >
Recent insights into the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus

Many identified genetic risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contribute to the function of the immune system, which has expanded our understanding of disease pathogenesis. We outline the genetic variants in recently identified SLE-associated loci, the immunological pathways affected by these gene products and the disease manifestations linked to these loci. Pathways potentially influenced by SLE risk variants include: apoptosis, DNA degradation and clearance of cellular debris; antigen presentation; type I interferon, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor kappa κB activation; defective clearance of immune complexes containing nuclear antigens; B and T-cell function and signalling; and monocyte and neutrophil function and signalling. These identified SLE susceptibility loci are predominantly common variants that have been confirmed among multiple ancestries, suggesting shared mechanisms in disease aetiology. Ongoing genetic studies continue the investigation of specific functional variants, and their potential consequences on immune dysregulation, enhancing our understanding of links between genotypes and specific disease manifestations. The next generation of sequencing explores the identification of causal rare variants that may contribute robust genetic effects to developing SLE. Novel insights coming from genetic studies of SLE provide the opportunity to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms as well as contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic targets for this complex disease.
Diderot: a parallel DSL for image analysis and visualization

Research scientists and medical professionals use imaging technology, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure a wide variety of biological and physical objects. The increasing sophistication of imaging technology creates demand for equally sophisticated computational techniques to analyze and visualize the image data. Analysis and visualization codes are often crafted for a specific experiment or set of images, thus imaging scientists need support for quickly developing codes that are reliable, robust, and efficient.In this paper, we present the design and implementation of Diderot, which is a parallel domain-specific language for biomedical image analysis and visualization. Diderot supports a high-level model of computation that is based on continuous tensor fields. These tensor fields are reconstructed from discrete image data using separable convolution kernels, but may also be defined by applying higher-order operations, such as differentiation (∇). Early experiments demonstrate that Diderot provides both a high-level concise notation for image analysis and visualization algorithms, as well as high sequential and parallel performance.
The ecology of relationships: Meeting locations and cohabitors’ relationship perceptions

Locations where individuals meet romantic partners may influence the composition and perceived extent of network social support for relationships. In this article, we use in-depth qualitative interviews to examine how 62 cohabiting couples (124 individuals) met their romantic partners, whether this differentiates respondents’ perceptions of support for their relationships, and how this varies by social class. Many of the cohabiting couples in our sample met through friends and family members who can be considered strong ties. Couples also frequently reported meeting in the community, often while pursuing hobbies. Shared network ties and common interests are often attributed to facilitating the progression of relationships. Couples who met through more anomic settings—at a bar or via the Internet—less often viewed their ways of meeting as socially acceptable; many of these couples devised cover stories to tell others about how they met. Our results suggest that those who meet via weak ties perceive lower l...
Evaluation of Cleaning and Washing Processes for Cotton Fiber: Part VII. Microbiological Evaluation 1

Precleaning, washing, steaming plus washing, and steaming plus hot alkaline scour result in statisti cally significant decreases in the gram-negative organism counts and the endotoxin content of the cotton and of the airborne dusts in the model cardroom when the cotton is carded.
Television and Hollywood: Economic relations in the 1970's

Described in some detail here is the increasingly close economic tie between the “old” Hollywood film business and the “new” television programming production business located in the same area—and using the same people, facility, and funding. Indeed, what is discussed here is really a new amalgam of the two formerly separate industries. Dr. Guback is a research associate professor while Mr. Dombkowski is a research assistant at the Institute of Communications Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana.
Probing the local structure of dilute Cu dopants in fluorescent ZnS nanocrystals using EXAFS

A local structure study of ZnS nanocrystals, doped with very low concentrations of Cu, was carried out using the EXAFS technique to better understand how Cu substitutes into the host lattice and forms Cu luminescence centers. We show that a large fraction of the Cu have three nearest neighbor S atoms and the Cu–S bond is significantly shortened compared to Zn–S, by ∼0.08 A. In addition, the second neighbor Cu–Cu peak is extremely small. We propose that Cu occupies an interior site next to a S2− vacancy, with the Cu displaced towards the remaining S2− and away from the vacancy; such a displacement immediately explains the lack of a significant Cu–Cu peak in the data. There is no evidence for interstitial Cu sites (Cui), indicating that no more than 2% of the Cu are Cui. This study provides new insights into the local structure of the Cu dopant in ZnS without the presence of CuS nanoprecipitates that are present at higher Cu doping levels.
Strategies for the future chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the third known human T-lymphotropic virus [1,2]. One designation for the virus is HIV. In order to develop therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and related disorders, one must first consider the life cycle of the etiologic agent. As we review this life cycle, we will touch upon certain stages of particular interest for the development of new therapies. HIV (also called HTLV-III, LAV and ARV) belongs to the family of RNA viruses known as retroviruses [3–6] which must replicate through a DNA intermediate (i.e., at one step in their cycle of replication, genetic information flows from RNA and DNA, a reverse or “retro” direction).
Government Policy and Firm Strategy in the Solar Photovoltaic Industry

The solar photovoltaics (PV) industry would not exist without government policies. Governments around the world have implemented policies to support consumption of solar energy and production of solar PV products. These policies have varied across countries and across time, thus contributing to regulatory uncertainty. This article addresses two related questions. First, how does regulatory uncertainty in the solar PV industry shape firms' market and non-market strategies? Second, how might firms' responses to this public-policy environment affect technological development and the locus of manufacturing? Government policies on solar PV, and firms' strategies to overcome regulatory uncertainty, may have unintended consequences. Firms' decisions on location and technology development may result in loss of employment and national competitiveness for developed countries; and firms' market strategies may increase regulatory uncertainty if they do not involve non-market stakeholders.
Effect of quinidine on cation exchange in cultured cells.

The effects of quinidine on membrane ion exchange were examined using monolayer cultures of mammalian cells. Quinidine, in concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M, produced a prompt inhibition of the passive Na influx, dose-dependent along a sigmoid log dose-response curve. This effect was at a maximum for each concentration of the drug within 30 seconds of application. Passive Na influx (pmol/cm2/sec) decreased from 18.8 to 17.6 (P less than .05) and 10.5 (P less than .001) in the presence of 10(-6) and 10(-3) M quinidine, respectively. In the continued presence of quinidine, there was no further time-dependent effect on the Na influx, nor was there any tendency for the influx to recover. Washing the cells free of quinidine, however, resulted in a return of Na influx to control levels within 1 to 3 minutes. After 1 to 2 minute of quinidine treatment, coupled active Na efflux/K influx rapidly declined, reaching minimum values for each concentration between 2 to 4 minutes of drug treatment. Beyond that time, active Na/K fluxes again increased, but to values which remained significantly less than control, for up to 4 hours. Ten minutes of exposure to quinidine were required before any demonstrable effect on the passive K efflux could be recorded. In the presence of quinidine, there was reduced membrane turnover of both Na and K, but such that after a brief initial period (10 minutes or less) both ions were in flux equilibrium, explaining the absence of change in [Nai] and [Ki] in the presence of quinidine. Calculations of Ec1 indicated that, when present for 4 hours, quinidine did not change the Em in these cells although significant (P less than .001) reductions in apparent PNa and Pk values were recorded. The effect on PNa was much greater than that on Pk. The quinidine-induced flux changes occurred in a definite temporal sequence suggesting that they could all be explained on the basis of one direct initial action. This initial direct action, namely the prompt reduction in Na influx, by modifying Na pump activity, could lead to a decreased K efflux, secondary to the depressed Na-coupled active K influx via the Na pump.
Changing needs for appropriate excreta disposal and small wastewater treatment methodologies or The future technology of small wastewater treatment systems.

Recent developments will strongly influence the design and utilization of small wastewater treatment systems in the future, e.g. population increases in non-sewered rural areas and developing countries; increasing impairment of surface water quality; the construction of occupied high-rise buildings in metropolitan areas; the development of planned but somewhat isolated communities, growing shortages of water that mandate reuse of wastewaters. It is well known that there is a very strong linkage between wastewater disposal methods in rural areas and developing countries and the general health of the population. These problems could be greatly reduced or prevented by the utilization of well known excreta disposal and small wastewater treatment system technologies, but the development of more innovative on-site systems is needed. It is expected that future environmental and public health pressures in developed countries will require increasingly stringent effluent limitations for small and on-site wastewater disposal systems, based primarily on nutrient discharges. Both on-site and small-scale technologies are available for the more stringent requirements, but innovative and more economical designs are needed for wide-spread acceptance. Water reuse should be a consideration for the designs of these systems. Implementation and utilization of well known technologies are needed, but the obstacles are often more social and political than economical.
Effects of Step Excrescences on a Swept Wing in a Low-Disturbance Wind Tunnel

A 30° swept-wing model with a movable, leading-edge extending to 15% chord is used in low-disturbance wind-tunnel tests to study the effect of two-dimensional, step excrescences in a three-dimensional boundary layer. Forwardand aft-facing steps are modulated during the tests. Pressure measurements are compared with computational results, infrared thermography is used to globally detect boundary-layer transition, and hotwire measurements provide details of the boundary-layer profiles in the vicinity of the steps. An analysis of the results is provided including data from tests in a flight environment and from experimental studies of an unswept model of equivalent 2-D pressure gradient.
Modified retention splint for an oral electrical burn in a 1-year-old child.

Abstract Oral splints to minimize contraction during healing of an oral electrical burn have been described in the literature. All reported cases rely on the presence of primary teeth for retention of the appliance. A procedure for a modified splint using circumzygomatic sutures for retention is described for the treatment of an oral electrical burn in a 12-month-old child without posterior primary teeth.
The Meaning of Freedom

(1960). The Meaning of Freedom. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 311-316.
Selective Regulation of Eosinophil Degranulation by Interleukin 1β

Recent evidence confirms that cytokines such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, and GM-CSF may enhance or inhibit eosinophil function. Functions that are susceptible to modulation include eosinophil-mediated antibody-dependent damage of helminthic parasites, oxidative metabolism and degranulation. We have employed IgG and IgE-coated Sepharose beads to investigate selective modulation of IgG and IgE-mediated enzyme release by IL-1 beta. Both IgG and IgE-coated beads induced release of granular enzymes beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase. Enzyme release from IgG-stimulated eosinophils was inhibited by preincubation with IL-1 beta (100 pg/ml, P less than or equal to 0.05). In contrast, enzyme release by IgE-stimulated eosinophils was enhanced by IL-1 beta (100 pg/ml, P less than or equal to 0.05). These studies support the hypothesis that IL-1 beta has specific selective actions on eosinophil function. Furthermore, these actions on particle-stimulated enzyme release suggest that IgG and IgE mediated processes in eosinophils are differentially regulated.
Incorporating the ASPA Code of Ethics Across the M.P.A. Curriculum: A Three-Step Process for Curriculum Development

Despite the promulgation of codes of ethics and strict regulations, unethical conduct on the part of public administrators continues to occur. This article offers a three-step process for curriculum development that educators might adopt (or adapt) to incorporate the newly revised ASPA Code of Ethics into M.P.A. programs, the goal being for graduates to demonstrate competence with the Code's purpose, principles, and practices. Achieving this outcome will enable researchers to identify best practices, as well as to offer suggestions about how educators and professional organizations might better address the source(s) of ethical lapse or failure.
Defluxing for High Reliability Applications and General Environmental Issues

Cleaning electronic hardware to remove contaminants resulting from handling and assembly operations has long been a standard practice. The level of cleaning required often is governed by aesthetic (visual), electrical test, and performance requirements. Several of the criteria/requirements discussed herein relate to the manufacture of military electronic hardware, however, many are pertinent to the production of any high quality/high reliability equipment regardless of the customer or end-item use. The materials and processes used are governed by the type of product to be cleaned, the contaminants being removed, and the compatibility of the cleaning system with the product and the environment.
Optimization of the Extraction of Polygonatum Odoratum(Mill.) Druce Polysaccharides by Central Composite Design

The processes of extracting polysacchafides of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druc was optimized.The duration of time,temperature,ratio of solid and liquid were taken as the independent variables.Two-factor-design and Cubic polynomial models were used to estimate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables,and contour plots was drawn to select the optimal formulation and validation.The optimum extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druc was obtained that ratio of solid and liquid was 1:18.5,temperature was 76 ℃,and duration of time was 111 min with 2 repetitions.The yield of polysaccharides of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druc was 8.76%.Measured value was 8.82%.The absolute value between measured value and predictive value of index fell was 0.68%.
From Laplace domain to time domain

The task of identifying what functions F(s) are Laplace transforms of causal functions (distributions) is part of what is often called the Paley-Wiener Theorem, which is a collection of results related to holomorphic extensions of the Fourier transform that can be understood as two-sided Laplace transforms. Our presentation will first restrict the kind of symbols (Laplace transforms) that we want to invert. Part of the material that follows is adapted (and modified) from the PhD dissertation of Antonio Laliena [61].
Effect of Power Optimizations on Soft Error Rate

Due to technology scaling, devices are getting smaller, faster and operating at lower voltages. The reduced nodal capacitances and supply voltages coupled with more dense and larger chips are increasing soft errors and making them an important design constraint. As designers aggressively address the excessive power consumption problem that is considered as a major design limiter they need to be aware of the impact of the power optimizations on the soft error rates(SER). In this chapter, we analyze the effect of increasing threshold voltage and reducing the operating voltages, widely used for reducing power consumption, on the soft error rate. While reducing the operating voltage increases the susceptibility to soft errors, increasing the threshold voltages offers mixed results. We find that increasing threshold voltage (V t) improves SER of transmission gate based flip-flops, but can adversely affect the robustness of combinational logic due to the effect of higher threshold voltages on the attenuation of transient pulses. We also show that, in certain circuits, clever use of high V t can improve the robustness to soft errors.
Emerging Engineering Technologies for Opening the BBB

Current treatments of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are limited due to the lack of a truly noninvasive, transient, and regionally selective brain drug delivery method. The brain is particularly difficult to deliver drugs to because of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The impermeability of the BBB is due to the tight junctions between adjacent endothelial cells and highly regulatory transport systems of the endothelial cell membranes. The main function of the BBB is ion and volume regulation to ensure the conditions necessary for proper synaptic and axonal signaling. However, the same permeability properties that keep the brain healthy also present tremendous obstacles to its pharmacological treatment. Until a solution to the trans-BBB delivery problem is found, treatments of neurological diseases will remain impeded. Over the past decade, methods that combine focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles have been shown to offer the unique capability to noninvasively, locally, and transiently open the BBB. Four of the main challenges to the application of FUS are (1) to assess its safety profile, (2) to unveil the mechanism by which the BBB opens and closes, (3) to control and predict the opened BBB properties and duration of the opening, and (4) to assess its promise for brain drug delivery. In this chapter, we discuss all of these challenges, along with findings in both small (mice) and large (nonhuman primates) animals, and emphasize the clinical potential for this technique.
Parameter transferability, self-doping, and metallicity in LaNiO 3 /LaMnO 3 superlattices

Motivated by recent experiments, we use the $+U$ extension of the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory to study superlattices composed of alternating layers of ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$. For comparison we also study a rocksalt [(111) double perovskite] structure and bulk ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$. A Wannier function analysis indicates that band parameters are transferable from bulk to superlattice situations with the exception of the transition-metal $d$-level energy, which has a contribution from the change in $d$-shell occupancy. The charge transfer from Mn to Ni is found to be moderate in the superlattice, indicating metallic behavior, in contrast to the insulating behavior found in recent experiments, while the rocksalt structure is found to be insulating with a large Mn-Ni charge transfer. We suggest a high density of cation antisite defects may account for the insulating behavior experimentally observed in short-period superlattices.
Factors influencing healthcare provider respondent fatigue answering a globally administered in-app survey

Background Respondent fatigue, also known as survey fatigue, is a common problem in the collection of survey data. Factors that are known to influence respondent fatigue include survey length, survey topic, question complexity, and open-ended question type. There is a great deal of interest in understanding the drivers of physician survey responsiveness due to the value of information received from these practitioners. With the recent explosion of mobile smartphone technology, it has been possible to obtain survey data from users of mobile applications (apps) on a question-by-question basis. The author obtained basic demographic survey data as well as survey data related to an anesthesiology-specific drug called sugammadex and leveraged nonresponse rates to examine factors that influenced respondent fatigue. Methods Primary data were collected between December 2015 and February 2017. Surveys and in-app analytics were collected from global users of a mobile anesthesia calculator app. Key independent variables were user country, healthcare provider role, rating of importance of the app to personal practice, length of time in practice, and frequency of app use. Key dependent variable was the metric of respondent fatigue. Results Provider role and World Bank country income level were predictive of the rate of respondent fatigue for this in-app survey. Importance of the app to the provider and length of time in practice were moderately associated with fatigue. Frequency of app use was not associated. This study focused on a survey with a topic closely related to the subject area of the app. Respondent fatigue rates will likely change dramatically if the topic does not align closely. Discussion Although apps may serve as powerful platforms for data collection, responses rates to in-app surveys may differ on the basis of important respondent characteristics. Studies should be carefully designed to mitigate fatigue as well as powered with the understanding of the respondent characteristics that may have higher rates of respondent fatigue.
Externally Bonded and Sealed Insulation for Liquid-Hydrogen-Fueled Rocket Tanks

Rockets and spacecraft using liquid hydrogen as fuel need insulation on the tanks during flight through atmospheres to restrict the rapid flow of heat into the hydrogen. The type and amount of such insulation depend entirely on the specific vehicle and flight program. The NASA has made a limited experimental study of such insulation design problems.
Reading for understanding: Methodist youths’ shared Scripture- reading practices:

Informed by reading comprehension and comprehension strategies research, this study explores the Scripture-reading practices of four Methodist youths. Several rounds of inductive thematic analyses ...
Statistical experience and individual cognitive differences modulate neural activity during sentence production

I explored how individual cognitive differences combine with prior statistical experience to determine choice of sentence structure during speech. Participants were exposed to English language input with controlled statistical properties wherein some verbs appeared equally often in two possible structures and others appeared in only one. Subsequently, they produced sentences naturally while their brain activity was scanned. Choosing a less preferred over a more preferred structure recruited regions involved in conflict control, especially in individuals with better control abilities. Activity within a key region, the anterior cingulate cortex or ACC, varied parametrically with the statistical input properties. ACC activation showed different correlations with language production and different functional connectivity patterns for different verbs. These results demonstrate how the adult brain adjusts to ongoing language experience and recruits different neural resources to accomplish the same speech goal under different circumstances.
A Mixed Methods Investigation of Posttraumatic Growth in Young Adults Following Parental Divorce

The present study used a mixed methods design to examine factors contributing to posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 232 young adults who experienced parental divorce. Participants completed an online su...
MODIFICATION OF TRYPTOPHAN IN LIVER ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE

Modification of tryptophan in liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LAD H) by 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide (HNB) resulted in the incorporation of 1.5 to 5 moles of HNB per mole of LADH. When LAD H was denatured in urea before modification, 7 or 8 HNB groups were incorporated. Ultra-violet, visible and fluorescence spectra suggest: (1) all tryptophan residues are accessible to HNB only when LAD H is denatured; (2) accessible tryptophans are located on the exterior surface and can be doubly labeled by HNB. These conclusions agree with reports describing two classes of tryptophan residues in LAD H. HNB-LAD H was subjected to tryptic digestion, gel filtration, and high-voltage electrophoresis. An HNB-containing peptide was isolated and identified by dansyl-Edman sequencing as the octapeptide containing tryptophan-15. No evidence of altered structure was observed in HNB-LAD H by circular dichroism and analytical gel filtration studies. Essential cysteine groups in HNB-LAD H were as readily alkylated by iodoacetate as those in LAD H. Activity loss of modified LAD H correlated with the number of HNB groups incorporated, but the failure of modification to abolish all activity indicates that tryptophan-15 cannot be involved in hydride transfer, in agreement with the evidence from X-ray studies (10,11).
Open Fractures: Initial Management

Each year, there are approximately 250,000 open fractures in the United States, representing 3–4% of all fractures [1, 2]. Ramon Gustilo stated that “the primary objective in the management of an open fracture is union with the prevention or eradication of wound sepsis” [3]. Treatment is focused on obtaining healthy soft-tissue coverage around the fracture.
Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Women

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most common cause of death in women living in developed countries and outnumbers death from all forms of cancer combined [1]. Since 1984, the number of CVD deaths for females has exceeded those for males. With the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), there have been significant decreases in cardiovascular mortality seen in both sexes, with the major decline for women occurring after the year 2000 [2]. However, this reduction in mortality among women has remained less pronounced as compared with men [3]. The reason for this disparity may be gender differences in the pathophysiology of CAD or lower awareness of coronary disease in women leading to decreased implementation of evidence based care [4]. The Yentl syndrome (as described in 1991) pointed out the ubiquitous misrecognition of CVD as an affliction of men, with women seeming to require a higher burden of proof in order to receive appropriate diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions [5]. There are recognized gender differences including a notable 10 year delay in the onset of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women compared to men, that have been attributed to the protective effect of estrogen [6].
The β-Adrenergic Receptor:Elucidation of Its Molecular Structure

Neurotransmitters and drugs interact with specific receptors in order to produce a cellular response. This recognition of specific agonists by receptors is the first step in an amplification process resulting in physiological modulation of homeostasis. The concept of a receptor-mediated mechanism for drug action was first proposed by Langley (1878, 1905). In 1906, examination by Dale of the action of various ergot alkaloid compounds in physiological preparations led to the observation of a number of compounds which would inhibit the excitatory effects of epinephrine without affecting its inhibitory actions. These types of observations provided support for the earliest notions of specific sites for catecholamine receptor interactions. In 1948, Ahlquist categorically demonstrated using a series of several sympathomimetic amines one order of potency in stimulating vasoconstriction and excitation of the uterus and ureters, and a different order of potency for these compounds for stimulation of vasodilation, for inhibition of uterine tone, and for stimulation of the heart. Ahlquist (1948) proposed that these actions of catecholamines were in fact mediated by two distinct populations of receptors which he termed α and β, and that in many cases, both receptors are present in the same organ or tissue. This proposal of distinct populations of adrenergic receptors has been strongly supported by the synthesis of a large number of potent agonists and antagonists that are clearly specific for α- or β- receptor-mediated functions. More recent pharmacological studies have resulted in the further subclassification of these α- and β-receptors.