cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 158: Expression of miR-205 is significantly associated with prognosis of endometrial cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Background: microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, and their altered expression has been associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. As a result, miRNAs represent important diagnostic biomarkers for the advancement of cancer and potential therapeutic approaches. They may be up-regulated or down-regulated in various tumor types, thus act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Although accumulating evidence suggests the role of aberrant miRNA expression in endometrial carcinogenesis, there is still limited data available about the endrometrial miRNAs. Endometrial cancer is characterized by frequently infiltrating tumors, and one of the most important molecular alterations in this process is through epithelial-mesencymal transition (EMT). Several studies implicated the role of miRNAs targeting the critical players during EMT. The goal of this study is to investigate the clinical utility of selected key miRNAs in archival FFPE tissue samples of patients with endometrial cancer. In this study, the expression of miR-26a, miR-205, miR-200c, miR-192, miR-215, let-7g, miR-21, miR-181b were quantified from 20 stage I, 2 stage II, 5 stage III, 8 stage IV endometrial cancer patients (endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EEC), endometrial serous carcinoma(ESC), clear cell carcinoma(CCC) undifferentiated carcinoma (UDC), malignant mullerian mixed tumor (MMMT)) with up to 15 years clinical follow up information. Methods: Using archival FFPE tissues, areas of tumor and normal tissues were identified according to the corresponding hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, and cores of 1.5 mm in diameter were extracted. Total RNAs were isolated from 35 paired endometrial tumor and adjacent normal tissue specimens by using Trizol based approach. The expression levels of miRNAs were quantified by using real-time qRT-PCR analysis. Results: The expression of miR-205 (p=0.0002) and miR-200c (p<0.0001) were significantly elevated in endometrial cancer tissue specimens when compared to adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that low levels of miR-205 expression (hazard ratio, 0.309; log rank test, p=0.018) is closely associated with better patient's overall survival. Conclusions: miR-205 holds a great potential as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 158. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-158
Λ-Nucleon tensor interactions in3HΛ

The effect of a Λ-nucleon tensor potential on the binding energy of3HΛ and on the effective-range parameters of Λ-proton scattering is investigated. It is found that such a potential contributes negligibly to the binding energy of3HΛ; but, it has a large effect on the scattering parameters. The latter result enables one to find potentials which are in good agreement with the binding energy of3HΛ and the effective-range parameters, without the introduction of hard cores.
Analysis and Prevent Measures of Rotation Parts Jam Faults in Turbine-driven Feed Water Pump

By investigating feed water pumps design and commission of the 600MW thermal power generation units,the reasons of rotational parts jam fault in turbine-driven feed water pump were analyzed. They include uncleanness of medium-low pressure feed water pump system and pump core bindle,feed water pump core bindle undersized gap and so on. The measures to prevent the jam fault were submitted,which can be taken as successful experiences for commission and operating of the turbine-driven feed water pump henceforth.
Mathematical Model Reveals the Role of Memory CD8 T Cell Populations in Recall Responses to Influenza.

The current influenza vaccine provides narrow protection against the strains included in the vaccine, and needs to be reformulated every few years in response to the constantly evolving new strains. Novel approaches are directed towards developing vaccines that provide broader protection by targeting B and T cell epitopes that are conserved between different strains of the virus. In this paper, we focus on developing mathematical models to explore the CD8 T cell responses to influenza, how they can be boosted, and the conditions under which they contribute to protection. Our models suggest that the interplay between spatial heterogeneity (with the virus infecting the respiratory tract and the immune response being generated in the secondary lymphoid organs) and T cell differentiation (with proliferation occurring in the lymphoid organs giving rise to a subpopulation of resident T cells in the respiratory tract) is the key to understanding the dynamics of protection afforded by the CD8 T cell response to influenza. Our results suggest that the time lag for the generation of resident T cells in the respiratory tract and their rate of decay following infection are the key factors that limit the efficacy of CD8 T cell responses. The models predict that an increase in the level of central memory T cells leads to a gradual decrease in the viral load, and, in contrast, there is a sharper protection threshold for the relationship between the size of the population of resident T cells and protection. The models also suggest that repeated natural influenza infections cause the number of central memory CD8 T cells and the peak number of resident memory CD8 T cells to reach their plateaus, and while the former is maintained the latter decays with time since the most recent infection.
Analysis and Improvement of Material Planning of A Company

Material planning organization contains a series of management activities,such as material requirements planning release,inventory management,logistics management and so on.Based on the status quo of A company,this article puts forward the suggestion that introduces data warehouse technology to improve material planning's accuracy and timeliness, analyses the advantages of data warehouse technology,and sets forth views about inventory s classification management and material distribution's unified management,in order to achieve low-cost and high-quality goal made by A company.
Relationship between Student Writing Complexity and Physics Learning in a Text-Based ITS

In this paper we study 2217 essays written during ITS-based physics tutoring. Using output from the Stanford parser, we calculate various simple and more complex linguistic features, including average sentence length, tree height and number of subordinate clauses. Using the WEKA J48 implementation of the C4.5 algorithm and other statistics, we attempt to find relationships between linguistic features, the complexity of the students’ text, students’ scores on a physics posttest and their learning gain from the tutoring sessions.
Abstract PL03-03: K-RAS dependency in pancreatic cancer

2015 AACR-NCI-EORTC K-RAS dependency in Pancreatic Cancer David Tuveson, M.D., Ph.D., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Efforts to inhibit the KRAS oncogene in pancreatic cancer have focused on classical downstream pathways and empirically identified dependencies. We have developed organoid models of mouse and human pancreatic cancer to expedite such translational approaches for this disease. We find that organoid models of PDA demonstrate ERBB pathway activation in response to dual MEK/AKT inhibition, and that this feature is absent in non-neoplastic organoids. Furthermore, organoid models predict the limited activity of EGFR specific inhibitors in PDA patients that are also receiving MEK or AKT inhibitors. These models have also been an invaluable resource for probing new dependencies in PDA, and will be discussed. Citation Format: David A. Tuveson. K-RAS dependency in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PL03-03.
Is combined modality therapy appropriate for apparently localized carcinoma of the prostate

In a pilot study at the authors' institution, 17 patients with stage C carcinoma of the prostate had preoperative therapy with diethylstilbestrol. After 8 to 12 weeks of DES at 3 mg per day, the surgical margins, seminal vesicles, and pelvic lymph nodes were free of tumor in seven patients. In one patient, no residual tumor could be found despite an extensive search, and in two other cases, only small foci of atypical cells could be found. The authors suggest a trial of the proper role of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in stages B2 and C prostatic carcinoma.
MRI of pathology-proven peripheral nerve amyloidosis.

To highlight the MRI characteristics of pathologically proven amyloidosis involving the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and determine the utility of MRI in directing targeted biopsy for aiding diagnosis. A retrospective study was performed for patients with pathologically proven PNS amyloidosis who also underwent MRI of the biopsied or excised nerve. MRI signal characteristics, nerve morphology, associated muscular denervation changes, and the presence of multifocal involvement were detailed. Pathology reports were reviewed to determine subtypes of amyloid. Charts were reviewed to gather patient demographics, neurological symptoms and radiologist interpretation. Four men and three women with a mean age of 62 ± 11 years (range 46–76) were identified. All patients had abnormal findings on EMG with mixed sensorimotor neuropathy. All lesions demonstrated diffuse multifocal neural involvement with T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, and variable enhancement on MRI. One lesion exhibited superimposed T2 hypointensity. Six of seven patients demonstrated associated muscular denervation changes. Peripheral nerve amyloidosis is rare, and the diagnosis is difficult because of insidious symptom onset, mixed sensorimotor neurologic deficits, and the potential for a wide variety of nerves affected. On MRI, peripheral nerve involvement is most commonly characterized by T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, variable enhancement, maintenance of the fascicular architecture with fusiform enlargement, multifocal involvement and muscular denervation changes. While this appearance mimics other inflammatory neuropathies, MRI can readily detect neural changes and direct-targeted biopsy, thus facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Inversion channel MOSFETs in 3C-SiC on silicon

Abstract : As a substrate material, single crystal SiC wafers are commercially available in diameters up to 75 mm, whereas silicon wafers a?e available in diameters of 200-300 mm. SiC wafers remain quite expensive compared to silicon, and contain%troublesome densities of micropipes that limit the yield of large devices. In the past, several groups have attempted to circumvent these problems by fabricating devices in 3C-SiC films grown epitaxially on silicon substrates, with limited success. However, in this paper we report new results demonstrating high quality inversion channel MOSFETs in 3C-SiC films on silicon. The inversion channel mobility of SiC MOSFETs has been limited to < 50 cm2JVs in the 4H polytype and < 100 cm2fVs in the 6H polytype by a high density of interface states in the upper half of the bandgap. Because of its narrower bandgap, the 3C polytype of SiC is expected to have lower interface state density, leading to higher channel mobilities. We fabricated lateral n-channel MOSFETs in 6 pin p-type epilayers of 3C-SiC grown on 20 off-axis Si(001) substrates. The epilayers were subsequently polished to improve surface smoothness, leaving a 3 %im layer. Sacrificial oxidation was then performed to remove damage caused by polishing. Source and drains were formed by implanting phosphorus and activating at 1250 0C for 30 minutes in argon. The gate oxide was formed by wet oxidation at 1150 0C for 30 minutes, followed by re-oxidation in wet O2 at 950 0C for two hours. A polysilicon gate was deposited by LPCVD and doped by spin-on dopant. Ohmic contacts are unannealed nickel. The resulting MOSFETs show excellent transistor behavior, with good current saturation, a threshold voltage of 1.6 V, and a peak channel mobility of 170 cm2/Vs.
Decomposition of MAC address structure for granular device inference

Common among the wide variety of ubiquitous networked devices in modern use is wireless 802.11 connectivity. The MAC addresses of these devices are visible to a passive adversary, thereby presenting security and privacy threats - even when link or application-layer encryption is employed. While it is well-known that the most significant three bytes of a MAC address, the OUI, coarsely identify a device's manufacturer, we seek to better understand the ways in which the remaining low-order bytes are allocated in practice. From a collection of more than two billion 802.11 frames observed in the wild, we extract device and model information details for over 285K devices, as leaked by various management frames and discovery protocols. From this rich dataset, we characterize overall device populations and densities, vendor address allocation policies and utilization, OUI sharing among manufacturers, discover unique models occurring in multiple OUIs, and map contiguous address blocks to specific devices. Our mapping thus permits fine-grained device type and model predictions for unknown devices solely on the basis of their MAC address. We validate our inferences on both ground-truth data and a third-party dataset, where we obtain high accuracy. Our results empirically demonstrate the extant structure of the low-order MAC bytes due to manufacturer's sequential allocation policies, and the security and privacy concerns therein.
Conclusion: Global Experience to Date and Future Directions

The theoretical chapters and institutional accounts document that USR is a robust and growing global movement, characterized by considerable common vision and strategy, as well as diversity of context and approach. University-community partnerships are an essential ingredient of successful USR, and are most successful when universities forge truly reciprocal and mutually beneficial collaborations with community partners. Significant organizational change is a key dimension in virtually all of the institutional case studies. USR often has received increased priority in the institutions’ most recent strategic planning, and as a result several institutions have created higher level positions and coordinating councils in charge of USR. National policies have been influential drivers of USR in a few of the cases. Expansion of student programs is a major component of all of the institutional experience, often including a major increase in service learning, and some institutions have started to systematically evaluate student learning outcomes. Major opportunities are identified for cross-national research and other collective action. The University Social Responsibility Network can be an important vehicle for future research and joint projects, building on its current collaborative activities, and working in partnership with other global and regional alliances.
Connecting Space and Narrative in Culturally Responsive Making in ARIS with Indigenous Youth

Attending to issues of equity in making1 demands that we work closely with communities, focusing on what it is made, how it is made, for whom, and in what contexts. Rather than exploring making exclusively as a pathway to STEM learning, we examine how Indigenous youth learned about and documented community-based making using the Augmented Reality and Interactive Storytelling (ARIS) platform. Drawing on a range of qualitative data, we asked: (1) What did youth learn about makers, materials, and cultural meanings in their community? (2) What were the making processes of small groups of Native American youth tasked with developing games located in their community? Findings highlight how Indigenous youth learned about and incorporated cultural knowledge into their ARIS games. In the discussion, we address how beginning and ending with community-based making contributes to ongoing discussions about culturally responsive making and what others might learn from our experiences.
Relationship of Coagulopathy and Platelet Dysfunction to Transfusion Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Coagulopathy and platelet dysfunction commonly develop after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thromboelastography (TEG) and platelet function assays (PFAs) are often performed at the time of admission; however, their roles in assessing post-TBI coagulopathy have not been investigated. We hypothesized that compared to blunt TBI, penetrating TBI would (1) demonstrate greater coagulopathy by TEG, (2) be associated with abnormal PFA results, and (3) require more blood product transfusions. We performed a retrospective study of patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit of a level 1 trauma center from 2013 to 2015 with head Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3. Patients were compared by mechanism of injury (blunt vs. penetrating). Admission demographics, injury characteristics, and laboratory parameters were evaluated. VerifyNow® Aspirin and P2Y12 tests were used for platelet function analysis. Five hundred and thirty-four patients were included in the analysis. There were no differences between groups in platelet count or international normalized ratio; however, patients with penetrating TBI were more coagulopathic by TEG, with all of the TEG parameters being significantly different except for R time. Patients with penetrating head trauma were not more likely than their blunt counterparts to have abnormal PFA results, and PFA results did not correlate with any TEG parameter in either group. The penetrating cohort received more units of blood products in the first 4 and 24 h than the blunt cohort. Patients presenting with penetrating TBI demonstrated increased coagulopathy compared to those with blunt TBI as measured by TEG and need for transfusion. PFA results did not correlate with TEG findings in this population.
Surgical algorithm and results for repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals.

Abstract Objective Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex and heterogeneous form of congenital heart disease. There is a controversy regarding the optimal treatment of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. The purpose of this study was to summarize our algorithm and surgical results for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Methods This was a retrospective review of 307 patients undergoing primary surgical treatment of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Excluded from this analysis were patients who had undergone prior surgical treatment at another institution and patients with single ventricle and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. There were 3 surgical pathways, including midline unifocalization (n = 241), creation of an aortopulmonary window (n = 46), and other (n = 20). Results For the 241 patients who underwent midline unifocalization, 204 (85.4%) had a single-stage complete repair. There were 37 patients who underwent a midline unifocalization and central shunt, and 24 have subsequently undergone complete repair. Forty-six patients underwent an aortopulmonary window, of whom 36 have subsequently had a complete repair. There were 20 patients who had complex anatomy and underwent procedures other than described, and14 have subsequently undergone complete repair. Thus, for the patients currently eligible, 280 (93.0%) have achieved complete repair. For the 204 patients who had a single-stage complete repair, the mean right ventricle to aortic pressure ratio was 0.36 ± 0.09. Seventy-six patients underwent a staged repair, and the mean right ventricle to aortic pressure ratio was 0.40 ± 0.09 (P Conclusions The data demonstrate that more than 90% of patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries achieved complete repair. The overall mortality was significantly lower in the subgroup of patients who underwent single-stage complete repair.
Augmenting AI Coursework Through Undergraduate Research.

All courses in Artificial Intelligence are not equal. The topics covered by a course entitled Artificial Intelligence vary widely. The Computing Curricula 2001: Computer Science offers a good deal of flexibility for degree programs to meet the prescribed standard of knowledge units for the field of Intelligent Systems. Most, but not all, Historically Black Colleges and Universities can achieve more than the minimum recommended core hours through a one-semester, intermediate-level course in the Junior/Senior year. A few have the ability to offer at least one advanced course as a Senior Elective. At our institution, we found undergraduate research projects to be an excellent means of preparing students for the one-semester, intermediate-level Artificial Intelligence course, or extending what can be covered in that course. This paper presents a review of the suggested coursework for a one-semester, intermediate-level course in Artificial Intelligence and what is possible at a nonResearch Type I institution. It then gives two areas where undergraduate research projects have been used to create interest in or expand knowledge of Artificial Intelligence topics, thus covering more than what is possible in one
Tests of Parity Conservation in p-p and p-Nucleus Scattering

Parity nonconservation in nuclear scattering implies a weak force between hadrons. This force is predicted by the current-current-type theories of weak interactions and has been observed as a mixing of nuclear levels of opposite parityl). Quantitative comparisons of experiment and theory have not been wholly successful. Whether the difficulties lie in the understanding of the nucleon-nucleon interaction or in the complexities of the structure of heavy nuclei is not known.
Software product features: should we focus on the attractive or the important?

Integrating concepts gleaned from multi-disciplinary literature, this study models the dynamics between the ‘important’ and ‘attractive’ dimensions of software product features and their impact on user satisfaction. The model is empirically tested with actual users of a software product in a multi-year study. The results show that, as predicted by the proposed model, the attractiveness of a software product feature decreases with time while its importance increases. Further, as expected, product features that are high in importance to the user are found to have a higher positive impact on user satisfaction when the current level of satisfaction with the software product is low, but not when the satisfaction is high. Product features that are high in attractiveness to the user are found to have a higher positive impact on user satisfaction when the current level of satisfaction with the product is high, but not when the satisfaction is low. These findings provide useful insights into the trade-offs between...
Fire Safety in Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

BACKGROUND Surgical fire is a rare event, but one with potentially devastating patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of surgical fires experienced by members of the American College of Mohs Surgeons (ACMS). METHODS An internet survey was developed and sent to ACMS members. Data collected included total years of experience, total number of cases, typical management of supplemental oxygen, and surgical fires experienced. RESULTS Eighty participants contributed data on 886,200 cases of MMS. Nine surgeons (11%) reported at least 1 surgical fire, yielding an estimated incidence of 1 fire per 88,620 cases (0.001%). The most common site of involvement was the scalp (67%). Common ignition sources included monopolar electrosurgical devices (78%) and battery-powered thermal cautery (22%). Fuel sources included towels or drapes, gauze, isopropyl alcohol, aluminum chloride, hairspray, and diethyl ether. Supplemental oxygen was not involved in any of the cases. Five patients suffered singed hair while 4 patients did not suffer any injuries. None suffered any permanent functional or aesthetic deformities. CONCLUSION The overall risk of surgical fire in MMS is minimal. However, safety measures and greater awareness of fire risks are necessary to prevent patient harm.
Complex Optical Fields: Fundamentals and Applications

Complex optical fields with spatially structured field distributions within the cross section have drawn significant attention recently. This paper intends to review the latest developments and applications of this emerging field of optics.
179 Decondensation of bovine spermatozoa after dithiothreitol treatment

Dithiothreitol (DTT) has been shown to reduce protamine disulfide bonds present in the outer acrosomal membrane of sperm. These disulfide bonds provide bull sperm with greater membrane stability and an increased resistance to decondensation compared with other species. (Hutchinson et al. 2017 Biophysical J. 113, 1925-1933). This can result in asynchronous fertilization due to the sperm nucleus failing to properly decondense and form male pronuclei after assisted reproductive techniques, such as IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (Aguila et al. 2017 Reproduction 154, 307-318). By reducing these bonds and disrupting the acrosomal membrane, DTT can minimize this complication, allowing the sperm nucleus to decondense more readily. This study aimed to assess bovine sperm, treated or not with DTT, for changes in morphology and to track the progress of decondensing sperm nuclei after treatment. Frozen-thawed bovine semen, utilising only egg yolk extender, was prepared by the swim-up method in the presence or absence of DTT at 5 mM. After a 1-h incubation time, permitting sperm to swim up, sperm in the top 0.5 mL in each culture tube were washed by centrifugation and observed hourly. Changes in morphology of DTT-treated and nontreated sperm were observed through a combination of phase-contrast and Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy. To assess DNA dispersal, DTT-treated sperm were stained with Hoechst and viewed under fluorescence microscopy. The DTT-treated sperm exhibited time-dependent changes in morphology, including altered movement, head folding at the equatorial segment, bending and swelling of the mid-piece, and expansion of the sperm head accompanied by a cratered appearance, signalling a partially decondensed nucleus, which progresses to full decondensation, and last, complete dispersal of DNA. These changes were seen over a 7-h incubation period in HEPES-TALP. No such changes were observed in nontreated sperm. The proportion of sperm in each stage of decondensation was estimated by a single observer at hourly time points in at least 8 repetitions. Mean estimated proportions of each stage of decondensation over time was analysed through factorial ANOVA and found significant (P < 0.001). An estimated 90% of treated sperm displayed early changes in morphology after the second hour of incubation. Sperm displaying partial decondensation of the nucleus was estimated as 42% by the third hour and increased to 62% by the fifth hour of incubation. Fully decondensed sperm or sperm with completely dispersed DNA increased from 20% at 5 h to 50% at 7 h. A remaining 10% of sperm remained unaffected and showed no changes to morphology. These results were found to be in agreement with other studies and indicate that 5 mM DTT treatment induces decondensation of bovine sperm nuclei, which may assist in male pronuclei formation for other assisted reproductive technologies.
Training and supervision

Abstract In this chapter, we discuss key considerations and best practices for training and supervision for psychological interventions in low-resource settings. First, we discuss what aspects of training and supervision require special consideration in the context of global mental health. Then, we review the hierarchy of skills needed for psychological interventions including skills related to common factors in psychotherapy, treatment-specific skills, and skills for particular contexts. We continue by exploring how training and supervision considerations should go into the formative research phase when devising interventions. The subsequent sections are broken down into who does training, who is trained, and the content and structure of trainings. We then present a section dedicated to the often overlooked issues of attitudes and motivation in trainings. This is followed by a section on training evaluation with particular emphasis on evaluating competency in global mental health. The final sections address supervision models, evaluating quality and fidelity in implementation, and issues of accreditation, certification, and workforce development. By conclusion of this chapter, readers will be aware of key considerations in global mental health training and supervision for psychological interventions, and they will have the building blocks to assemble a training and supervision programs for global mental health initiatives.
Positive Partnerships: Rural Communities and the Primary Care Nurse Practitioner

As demographics in North Carolina change, so do health care needs for the state's citizens. To honestly appraise the nursing leadership pipeline for the future, careful consideration of the primary care nurse practitioner role is in order. However, hindrances to full implementation of the adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner and the family nurse practitioner include barriers in academia, lack of available community preceptors, and ramifications of current state regulatory supervision requirements. Positive partnerships between local students who are mentored to "bloom where [they] are planted" have potential to impact long-term health outcomes of communities by increasing access to primary care.
Geoengineering: Approaching Climate Change as a Present-Day, Preventable Issue

It’s easy to think of climate change as a contemporary apocalyptic prophecy or a potential future problem, but it’s not. Climate change is happening now, affects people around us on a daily basis, and can be stopped with a sufficient amount of combined effort, collaboration, and sound investments. One of those investments is in geoengineering, an umbrella term for a plethora of technologies that vary in scope, form, and application but all share the trait of removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Proposed methods of this, some being more viable than others, include artificial cloud-brightening to increase the reflectivity of the clouds in the Earth’s atmosphere, capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ground, and mass fertilization of the ocean with iron deposits in order to trigger algal blooms that would adversely lower the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Various sources, from Yale to Oxford to MIT, have already endorsed this concept and are working to refine it and put it into practice, as no version of our planet would be more secure from meteorological threats otherwise beyond our control than one with contemporary advances in geoengineering technology. Geoengineering is the best—and only available—solution to climate change, as it is the one remaining way to lower Earth’s CO2 emissions to below 400 ppm, may be less partisan than previous solutions, and is sufficiently profitable and time-sensitive to counteract the resistance that has been felt against the idea of taking back our Earth thus far. Here’s why.
Clinical Californium-252 Boron Neutron Capture Enhancement

Cf-252 has been shown to be effective as a radium substitute for cancer radiation therapy. Since it is a neutron emitter, it can be used for neutron therapy and has biological advantages for the treatment of bulky, advanced or radioresistant cancers. The greatest advantages have been shown for gynecological, head and neck and body surface or aero-digestive tumors where tumors of large size or known radioresistance are better treated by Cf neutrons than by photon therapy. The greatest potential for Cf-252 (Cf) neutrons may be because the emitted neutrons are of low energy and become thermalized in tumor/ tissue thus making boron neutron capture enhancement (BNCE) of Cf brachytherapy possible. We have carried out studies of BNCE including MCNP computer analysis, direct measurement, treatment planning and experimental animal studies. These studies all support the potential applicability of BNCE for human cancer therapy.
Evidence to date: ranibizumab and its potential in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading and preventable cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Although laser photocoagulation remains the gold standard for treatment, the off-label use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy to treat ROP, particularly posterior zone I disease, is increasing. Although initial studies on anti-VEGF therapy for ROP have focused on bevacizumab, recent studies have proposed that ranibizumab may be a safer and more effective alternative for use in this population. This review updates recent evidence regarding the use of ranibizumab in the management of ROP.
Improved midterm outcomes after endovascular repair of nontraumatic descending thoracic aortic rupture compared with open surgery.

Abstract Background Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become first-line treatment for descending thoracic aortic rupture (DTAR), but its midterm and long-term outcomes remain undescribed. This study evaluated whether TEVAR would improve midterm outcomes of nontraumatic DTAR relative to open surgical repair (OSR). Methods Between December 1999 and October 2018, 118 patients with DTAR were treated with either OSR (n = 39) or TEVAR (n = 79) at a single center. Primary end points were 30-day and long-term all-cause mortalities. Secondary end points included stroke, permanent spinal cord ischemia (SCI), prolonged ventilation support or tracheostomy, permanent hemodialysis, and aortic reintervention. Results Thirty-day mortality was significantly lower with TEVAR (OSR, 38.5%; TEVAR, 16.5%; P = .01). Stroke (15.6% vs 3.8%; P = .03), permanent SCI (15.6% vs 2.5%; P = .02), prolonged ventilation (30.8% vs 8.9%; P = .002), and tracheostomy (12.8% vs 2.5%; P = .04) were significantly lower after TEVAR than OSR. Need for hemodialysis trended higher after OSR (12.8% vs 5.1%; P = .2). Mean follow ups were 1048 ± 1591 days for OSR group and 828 ± 1258 days for TEVAR. All-cause mortality at last follow-up was significantly lower after TEVAR than OSR (35.4% vs 66.7%; P = .001). Aortic reintervention was required more frequently within 30 days after TEVAR (15.2% vs 2.6%; P = .06). By multivariate analysis, TAAA was an independent predictor for mortality. Conclusions TEVAR improves both early and midterm outcomes of DTAR relative to OSR. TAAA was a predictor of mortality. Endovascular approach to DTAR may provide the greatest chance at survival.
Eating Disorders and Overweight/Obesity in Veterans: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Considerations

Eating disorders (EDs) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) have a significant impact on veterans. This review highlights current research on EDs and OW/OB in this population. Prevalence estimates for both EDs and OW/OB among veterans remain consistent with and possibly higher than those in the general population. Both diagnoses share multiple risk factors, including trauma history, and mental health comorbidities. Although weight loss treatments have been fairly well studied among veteran samples, there are no published investigations on psychotherapies for EDs in this population. The Veterans Healthcare Administration is working to train providers in ED treatments. VHA treatments for OW/OB show some benefits and areas for improvement. Areas for future research include structured assessments for EDs and disordered eating behaviors in veterans to clarify prevalence estimates. There is a need for interventions that consider common mechanisms for ED and OW/OB, and there is a need for more research on the associations between different types of trauma and ED/OW/OB in veterans.
Transformable Junctionless Transistor (T-JLT)

A conductivity type transformable junctionless transistor (T-JLT) is proposed. Two complementary doped, i.e., n- and p-type, polysilicon films thinner than 5 nm are arranged orthogonally with a dielectric in between, where each film plays a role as a source, a channel, a drain, and a gate, respectively. The role of the film is interchangeable by contact allocation. By swapping the contact assignment, the n- and p-type transistors attain the given device structure. This versatility reduces approximately four or two ion implantations and the associated implant-masking lithography steps compared to the conventional inversion mode or JLT technologies, respectively. For the n-FET mode with a film thickness of 5 nm and doping concentration of ${1} \times {10}^{{19}}$ /cm3, a threshold voltage of 0.42 V, a subthreshold swing of 172 mV/dec, an ON-current of $77.6~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ , and an OFF-current of 100 fA/ $\mu \text{m}$ were obtained.
Assessing Nutrient Removal in Stormwater Runoff for Urban Farming with Iron filings-based Green Environmental Media.

Ensuring urban areas have access to clean drinking water, safe food supply, and uncontaminated water bodies is essential to the good health of millions of urban residents. This paper presents the functionality of Iron Filings-based Green Environmental Media (IFGEM) in terms of nutrient removal efficiencies to support water quality management and urban farming. IFGEM uses recycled materials such as tire crumb and iron filings to help remove nutrients with essential physicochemical properties. In this study, IFGEM were proven effective and sustainable through an isotherm study, a column study of reaction kinetics, and a microstructure examination under various inlet nutrient concentration levels. IFGEMs exhibited over 90% nitrate removal, as well as 50–70% total phosphorus removal, under most inlet conditions. These promising results make IFGEM suitable for treating stormwater runoff, wastewater effluent, and agricultural discharge via varying ex situ treatment units in flexible landscape environments. In addition, the byproduct of ammonia generation permits possible reuse of spent IFGEM as soil amendments in crop land, gardens and yards, and green roofs for urban farming. Findings may help secure urban food supply chains and harmonize nutrients, soil, water, and waste management in different urban environments.
Evaluating a Training Program Model for Computer Labs

Academic Technology (AT) Computer Labs at the University of Florida, USA, assessed a training program model with the objectives of finding the best training method, measuring training program’s effectiveness, and improving the program. In addition, we quantified transfer of training. This paper summarizes the results from fall 2000 to spring 2008. Training methods were lecture, group discussion, role-play, brainstorm, and hands-on activity. We measured training program effectiveness by evaluating knowledge, skill, performance, satisfaction, and an overall evaluation at the end of every semester. The training program was effective because 289 trainees passed the knowledge and skill test, 86% had good-excellent performance, and the majority was satisfied with the program. The overall assessment made structural/content changes, improved the program, and divided it in three periods. Trainees preferred role-play in Periods I and II, and they had no preferences in Period III. Transfer of training was 82% immediately after training, 67% after six months, and 53% after one year. The model resulted easy to apply, demanding in time and effort, and provided accurate and reliable results for improving the program through time. Face-to-face training is the best approach to guarantee well-trained employees in computer labs.
Exponential Dynamical Localization for the Almost Mathieu Operator

We prove that the exponential moments of the position operator stay bounded for the supercritical almost Mathieu operator with Diophantine frequency.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Process for Reconditioning Ti and Ni Alloy Powders for Additive Manufacturing

In laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM), the number of build cycles required for a powder to go from its virgin state to a state that can alter final part mechanical properties is currently unknown. While ideal, the use of virgin powder for every AM build is not practical or economical. It is critical to investigate new methods that will help mitigate these cost drivers and enable the use of recycled powder in AM. Presented here is initial work on the use of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process to recondition AM powders used in laser and electron beam powder bed fusion, highlighting some challenges faced while developing optimum process parameters. The manuscript focuses on the three-dimensional characterization of used powder, before and after the plasma reconditioning process, in order to quantitatively understand the result of the ICP process on the shape and porosity of the particles. A distinct change in the morphology of the powder was observed before and after the ICP where most, but not all, irregular shaped powder particles and multi-particles were converted into more spherical particles. A detailed analysis of the percentage of spherical and non-spherical particles before and after the ICP process is also included, as well as the process’ effect on particle porosity, which was different for the two powders used, Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V. The results indicate the value of using the ICP process as a viable option for recycling of these two powders.
PRESTACK DEPTH MIGRATION BY SURFACE ROTATION CONTROLLED ILLUMINATION

The conventional shot-record prestack depth migration costs a very expensive amount of computations for wavefield extrapolations. Based on the fast areal shot technology, the controlled illumination prestack depth migration aims to efficiently achieve the high-quality image of the target structure by controlling the source wavefield at the target. The synthesis operators needed for areal short records are obtained by inversely extrapolating the predefined source wavefield at the target upward to the surface. We propose the surface rotation controlled illumination, as a more efficient scheme of controlled illumination. This scheme performs target-oriented illumination control over source wavefield directly at the surface and can produce high-quality image of the target zones. A surface synthesis operator function is simply constructed by geometrically rotating a certain kernel synthesis operator, instead of complicated wave extrapolations. This new controlled illumination method is as efficient as the general areal shot record technology, moreover, it is more powerful to image the complicated target zone. The application of the proposed technique to the Marmousi model gives a very ideal image of the deep complex structure.
Estimates of Food Consumption Rates for Invasive Blue Catfish

Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries through a Sport Fish Restoration Grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [2012-13705]; Virginia Sea Grant [R/71856A]
Monte Carlo transport analysis to assess intensity dependent response of a carbon-doped GaN photoconductor

Evaluation of the photoresponse in wurtzite GaN photoconductive switches is presented based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The focus is on electron transport physics and assessment of high frequency operation. The roles of GaN band structure, Pauli exclusion, and treatment of internal fields based on the fast multipole method are all comprehensively included. The implementation was validated through comparisons of velocity-field characteristics for GaN with computational results in the literature. Photocurrent widths of less than ∼7 ps for the 1 μm device can be expected, which translates into a 100 GHz upper bound. Photocurrent pulse compression below the laser full width at half maxima at high applied fields are predicted based on the interplay of space-charge effects and the negative differential velocity characteristics of GaN.
Reseña de Álvaro Cubillo de Aragón, «El señor de Noches Buenas», ed. Francisco Domínguez Matito, Kassel, Reichenberger, 2020, 269 pp. ISBN: 978-3-967280-15-9

Resena de Alvaro Cubillo de Aragon, El senor de Noches Buenas , ed. Francisco Dominguez Matito, Kassel, Reichenberger, 2020, 269 pp. ISBN: 978-3-967280-15-9
STOLPER-SAMUELSON REVISITED: TRADE AND DISTRIBUTION WITH OLIGOPOLISTIC PROFITS: Stolper-Samuelson Revisited

This paper investigates the distributional impact of international trade when goods markets are oligopolistic and firms partially pass‐through changes in tariffs into prices and factor costs for differentiated products. Trade liberalization raises mark‐ups and profit shares in the export industry and lowers them in the import‐competing industry, while Stolper–Samuelson effects on real prices of primary factors are attenuated or possibly reversed. An extended model shows how ‘offshoring’ (trade in intermediate goods) can potentially increase mark‐ups for oligopolistic producers of final goods. The analysis illuminates why business interests generally support trade liberalization policies today, regardless of their countries' factor abundance.
Unraveling Abolition: Legal Culture and Slave Emancipation in Colombia

Unraveling Abolition tells the fascinating story of slaves, former slaves, magistrates and legal workers who fought for emancipation, without armed struggle, from 1781 to 1830. By centering the Colombian judicial forum as a crucible of antislavery, Edgardo Perez Morales reveals how the meanings of slavery, freedom and political belonging were publicly contested. In the absence of freedom of the press or association, the politics of abolition were first formed during litigation. Through the life stories of enslaved litigants and defendants, Perez Morales illuminates the rise of antislavery culture, and how this tradition of legal tinkering and struggle shaped claims to equal citizenship during the anti-Spanish revolutions of the early 1800s. By questioning foundational constitutions and laws, this book uncovers how legal activists were radically committed to the idea that independence from Spain would be incomplete without emancipation for all slaves.
Il n’est pas de passé sans futur: Les Annales à l’heure du nouveau millénaire

Au cours des dernieres decennies, le comite de redaction des Annales a transforme la plus importante revue historique de l’apres-guerre pour en faire aujourd’hui une entreprise academique innovante du xxi e siecle qui reste neanmoins ancree dans la mission, l’ambition et le mode de fonctionnement de ses fondateurs et des generations qui leur ont succede. Au cœur de sa reinvention se trouve un tournant post-structurel, en reponse aux changements geopolitiques, a la revolution numerique et aux developpements de l’economie comportementale. Celui-ci a permis a la revue de renouer avec son engagement pluridisciplinaire originel en faveur d’une recherche historique empirique, mais en l’inscrivant dans un nouveau registre epistemique, qualifie par le comite de « constructiviste ». Les Annales ont ainsi elargi leur engagement aux sciences sociales classiques pour inclure de nouvelles approches de la litterature, de la pensee politique et d’autres disciplines des « humanites », tout en etendant leurs modes de diffusion.