cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cryoglobulin-Related Glomerulonephritis

Fig 2. Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis with membranoproliferative and mesangial proliferative features. In this biopsy, strongly PAS-positive small cryoglobulin plugs are present within capillary loops. In the setting of subacute cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, inflammatory cells can be present within the glomerulus, as in this case (periodic acid-Schiff stain; original magnification 3200).
Ubiquitin-Mediated Pathways for Intracellular Proteolysis

Ubiquitination is one of several ways in which cells modify their proteins. As for phosphorylation or acetylation, there are distinct enzymes for adding and removing Ub from the surfaces of protein substrates. The dynamic equilibration of Ub with cellular proteins is also typical of most posttranslational modifications. Ubiquitination differs, however, in that the added group is large compared to acetate or phosphate. Its size must provide great potential for recognition by other cellular proteins. Ub may be the cell's reversible cross-linking reagent, covalently bound to protein substrates at one end and noncovalently associated with various Ub binding proteins at the other. It is likely that one ubiquitin binding protein is a component of the 26S ATP-dependent protease. The presence of Ub on histones and on the lymphocyte homing receptor suggests that ubiquitination does not serve exclusively to mark proteins for degradation. There are probably various ubiquitin binding proteins since Ub appears to be a multifunctional protein that affects chromatin structure, intracellular proteolysis, cellular interactions, and the stress response. This abundant protein may serve as an intracellular barometer whose distribution among several pools regulates a variety of processes.
Editorial Comment: 2014 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society.

A fundamental mission of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) is to promote the acquisition and sharing of knowledge in the field of orthopaedic oncology. This matches the goal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research and The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons to disseminate new and important orthopaedic knowledge. CORR, the official Journal of the MSTS since 1997 (and informally for 20 years before that), has effectively met these goals and has been the leading publisher of articles in orthopaedic oncology [4]. Here, I would like to emphasize the ongoing importance of publishing the MSTS Proceedings of the best papers of the preceding annual meeting. The annual meeting of the MSTS continues to be the keystone of intellectual and educational efforts for the Society members. Since its inception, new learned societies have proliferated in this academic space such as the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS), European Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (EMSOS), and the Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS), as well as specialty groups such as the Children’s Oncology Group, and Society of Surgical Oncology. Focused study groups such as the Sacral Study Group have arisen to address specific questions. Collaborations to share data also exist, but I emphasize that the mere sharing of data does not make these collaborations multicenter trials. All of the newer groups and associations, to one degree or another, compete with the MSTS for preeminence. Conjoined meetings with ISOLS (for which CORR is also the official journal), EMSOS, and CTOS have been among the most productive in recent years, enticing the highest quality interaction of participants and publication. MSTS continues to hold an effective independent role in the academic world, in spite of taking on a wide range of educational roles in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. MSTS Specialty Day programs have taken on the tenor of instructional courses, informational sessions, subject reviews, and entertaining debates, but rarely present original research work. The scholastic mission of the MSTS mainly is accomplished at the Annual Meeting where our best original research is presented. So how are we doing in this endeavor, and how did it go in 2014? There were 161 abstracts submitted for the 2014 meeting. These resulted in 30 Symposium: 2014 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Published online: 12 November 2015 The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons1 2015
Application of Survival Statistics to the Impulsive Fragmentation of Ductile Rings

An analysis of fragmentation due to impulsive stress loading of solid materials is developed which results in analytic expressions for distributions in fragment sizes. The analysis is restricted to a linear (one-dimensional) distribution of material which is loaded uniformly in tension until fracture, and ultimately fragmentation, occurs. Concepts of survival statistics consistent with simple physical laws governing the fracture process are used to account for the spatial and temporal distribution in fracture nucleation sites. Analytic fragment distribution curves for ductile fracture are derived and found to provide a good representation of data obtained from impulsive fragmentation studies on aluminum rings.
Finding Common Grounds: Shared Patterns in Pakistani and Indian Religious Rituals

For more than two thousand years, Pakistanis and Indians shared a rich history and culture. However, since the Partition of 1947, a lack of open and direct communication between the two countries has made that common history and culture largely invisible to the people. This paper will demonstrate that the shared South Asian cultural heritage is still clearly manifest in common patterns in contemporary Muslim rituals and cultural celebrations practiced in Pakistan and also Hindu ceremonies and beliefs in India. These clear “common patterns” in both countries have hardly been emphasized, which adds to the differentiation among the people. The background for this paper is the unique opportunity I was given in August 2003, as the first Indian student in 57 years to be allowed to study in a Pakistani university. During my study and stay in Pakistan, I experienced Muslim festivals such as Shab-e-Barat and visited numerous shrines in Lahore. As I observed this Muslim “getting-rid-of sins” celebration, I noted numerous commonalities of the reasons and rituals the festival holds with those of Diwali, a Hindu festival in India. I also realized that similar beliefs were manifested in their ceremonies, such as the concept of God or an angel keeping a record of good and bad deeds in peoples’ lives. The paper will document these and other clear similarities.To interpret these data, the paper will draw on the work of anthropologists such as Clifford Geertz to demonstrate that Islam and Hinduism, as practiced in particular contexts, are indeed shaped by shared cultures. In addition, respectful participation in the rituals of each other religion among people who share a cultural heritage is common. The paper will conclude with suggestions for how this awareness of the shared Pakistani-Hindu cultural heritage, evident in the distinct Islamic and Hindu traditions, might be disseminated among the young people of the two countries in order to help them move beyond the biases and prejudices that have grown up since Partition to a deeper mutual respect and understanding.
Relationship between parity and brachial plexus injuries

Few characteristics have been identified as risk factors for brachial plexus injuries. We sought to investigate a potential relationship with multiparity based on clinical observation at our institution. In this retrospective case series, we analyzed all brachial plexus injuries recognized at or after delivery between October 2003 and March 2013 (n=78) at a single academic medical institution. Patient, infant, labor and delivery characteristics were compared for women with and without prior vaginal deliveries. Of the 78 injuries, 71 (91%) occurred after a vaginal delivery and 7 (9%) after a cesarean delivery. Of the 71 injuries after a vaginal delivery, 58% occurred in women with a prior vaginal delivery (n=41, 5.7 per 10 000 live births) compared with 42% without a prior vaginal delivery (n=30, 4.0 per 10 000 live births). Multiparous patients had shorter labor courses and fewer labor interventions than nulliparous patients. Providers clinically underestimated the birth weights to a greater extent in multiparas than in nulliparas (median underestimation 590 vs 139 g, P=0.0016). The median birth weight was 4060 g in the multiparous group, which was significantly larger than affected infants born to the nulliparous group (3591 g, P=0.006). The affected infants of the multiparous group were, as expected, significantly larger than their previously born siblings (median 567 g larger, P<0.001). Brachial plexus injuries occurred as frequently in multiparous patients as in nulliparous patients. In general, multiparous patients are more likely to have larger infants; however, providers significantly underestimate the birth weight of their infants. The findings of this study should deter providers from assuming that a prior vaginal delivery is protective against brachial plexus injuries.
Education, Training, Competencies, Curricula and Technology

Educational goals are relatively stable with shifting emphases among such large aims as developing critical thinkers, effective problem-solvers, productive workers, responsible citizens and lifelong learners. Nations strive to develop and maintain thriving economies with opportunities for citizens. Companies focus on gaining a secure place in the market and increasing profits and returns on investments. Technologies, however, are changing rapidly and, as a result, changing how people work and interact in nearly every sector, including education. One consequence of this convergence of situations is a tension in training and education. On one hand, new technologies provide the ability to support highly personalized and learner-centered education. On the other hand, there is pressure to focus on knowledge and skill development in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, in large part to serve economic growth and expansion in a highly competitive world. This chapter focuses on technology-enhanced learning informed by the arts and humanities as a way to balance tensions between individual and societal interests.
The Candy-Like Odor of Nolanea Fructufragrans

(1990). The Candy-Like Odor of Nolanea Fructufragrans. Mycologia: Vol. 82, No. 6, pp. 786-787.
Arsenic solubilization and redistribution under anoxic conditions in three aquifer sediments from a basin-fill aquifer in Northern Utah: The role of natural organic carbon and carbonate minerals

Abstract The basin-fill aquifers of the Western U.S. contain elevated concentrations of arsenic in the groundwater due to ancient volcanic deposits that host arsenic minerals. Microcosms were constructed using two oxidized sediments and, by contrast, a reduced sediment collected from a shallow basin-fill aquifer in the Cache Valley Basin, Northern Utah to evaluate the fate of geologic arsenic under anoxic conditions. Sequential extractions indicated the primary arsenic host mineral was amorphous iron oxides, but 13%–17% of the total arsenic was associated with carbonate minerals. Arsenic was solubilized from the sediments when incubated with groundwater in the presence of native organic carbon. Arsenic solubilization occurred prior to iron reduction rather than the commonly observed co-reactivity. Arsenic(V) associated with carbonate minerals was the main source of arsenic released to solution and redistributed onto less soluble minerals, including FeS and siderite as defined by chemical extraction. Arsenic reduction occurred only in the site-oxidized sediments. The addition of a carbon and energy source, glucose, resulted in enhanced arsenic solubilization, which was coupled with iron reduction from the site-oxidized sediments. Adding glucose promoted iron reduction that masked the role of carbonate minerals in arsenic solubilization and retention as observed with incubation with groundwater only.
Model-Based Thermal Anomaly Detection in Cloud Datacenters Using Thermal Imaging

The growing importance, large scale, and high server density of high-performance computing datacenters make them prone to attacks, misconfigurations, and failures (of the cooling as well as of the computing infrastructure). Such unexpected events often lead to thermal anomalies – hotspots, fugues, and coldspots – which impact the cost of operation of datacenters. A model-based thermal anomaly detection mechanism, which compares expected (obtained using heat-generation and -extraction models) and observed thermal maps (obtained using thermal cameras) of datacenters, is proposed. In addition, a novel Thermal Anomaly-aware Resource Allocation (TARA) is designed to induce a time-varying thermal fingerprint (thermal map) of the datacenter so to maximize the detection accuracy of the anomalies. As shown via experiments on a small-scale testbed as well as via trace-driven simulations, such model-based thermal anomaly detection solution in conjunction with TARA significantly improves the detection probability compared to anomaly detection when scheduling algorithms such as random, round robin, and best-fit-decreasing are employed.
Forecasting and Controlling Software of Thermal Scratch Defect in Cold Rolling Process

In order to establish a precise mathematical model of oil film thickness in deformation zone,the lubrication in cold rolling process of SUS430 stainless steel strip was studied in the laboratory. According to the principle of statistics,the mathematical model of critical oil film thickness in deformation zone for thermal scratch was built by using the fitting and regression analytical method,and the criterion for deciding thermal scratch defect was put forward on the basis of the thickness comparison method. Storing and calling data through SQL Server 2005,a forecasting and controlling software of thermal scratch was developed in the Visual C + + 6. 0 environment by MFC technique for stainless steel in tandem cold rolling,and then it was used in the practical production. Statistical results demonstrated that the hit rate of thermal scratch arrives at 87. 74%,the occurrence rate of thermal scratch decreases by 83. 81%,and the rolling speed increases by 9. 3%. The software is of significance to the control of products quality of stainless steel strips,and the analysis and solution to the problem of thermal scratch defects in tandem cold rolling.
Downregulation of CXCR4 Expression and Functionality After Zoledronate Exposure in Canine Osteosarcoma.

Background The establishment and progression of metastases remains the life-limiting factor for dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS). The pattern of metastases is likely regulated through interactions between chemokine receptors and chemokines, and perturbations in these signaling cascades responsible for cytoskeletal organization and directional migration have the potential to alter metastatic cell trafficking behaviors. Hypothesis Zoledronate will impair directional migration of OS cells through downregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and functionality. Samples Nineteen archived tumor specimens and plasma from 20 dogs with OS. Methods Prospectively, the expressions of CXCR4 were studied in OS cell lines and spontaneous tumor samples. The effect of zoledronate on CXCR4 expression and functionality was investigated by characterizing responses in 3 OS cell lines. In 19 OS specimens and 20 dogs with OS, changes in CXCR4 expression and circulating CXCR4 concentrations were characterized in response to zoledronate therapy respectively. Results All canine OS cells express CXCR4, and zoledronate reduces CXCR4 expression and functionality by 27.7% (P < .0001), through augmented proteasome degradation and reduced prenylation of heterotrimeric G-proteins in 33% of tumor cell lines evaluated. In OS-bearing dogs, zoledronate reduces CXCR4 expressions by 40% within the primary tumor compared to untreated controls (P = .03) and also decreases the circulating concentrations of CXCR4 in 18 of 20 dogs with OS. Conclusions and clinical importance Zoledronate can alter CXCR4 expression and functionality in OS cells, and consequent perturbations in CXCR4 intracellular signaling cascades might influence patterns of metastases.
Principles and methods of managerial cost-accounting systems

An introduction to cost-accounting systems for pharmacy managers is provided; terms are defined and examples of specific applications are given. Cost-accounting systems determine, record, and report the resources consumed in providing services. An effective cost-accounting system must provide the information needed for both internal and external reports. In accounting terms, cost is the value given up to secure an asset. In determining how volumes of activity affect costs, fixed costs and variable costs are calculated; applications include pricing strategies, cost determinations, and break-even analysis. Also discussed are the concepts of direct and indirect costs, opportunity costs, and incremental and sunk costs. For most pharmacy department services, process costing, an accounting of intermediate outputs and homogeneous units, is used; in determining the full cost of providing a product or service (e.g., patient stay), job-order costing is used. Development of work-performance standards is necessary for monitoring productivity and determining product costs. In allocating pharmacy department costs, a ratio of costs to charges can be used; this method is convenient, but microcosting (specific identification of the costs of products) is more accurate. Pharmacy managers can use cost-accounting systems to evaluate the pharmacy's strategies, policies, and services and to improve budgets and reports.
Will of Fortune: New York Will Drafting – Part 2

Part 1 of this two-part column, which appeared in the last edition of the New York State Journal, outlined the basics of New York will drafting. This column is about the importance of clarity in will drafting.
Meeting the Needs of Multiracial and Multiethnic Children in Early Childhood Settings.

Early childhood programs have been in the forefront of implementing a multiracial curriculum. Early childhood educators need to extend these approaches to support and embrace multiracial and multiethnic children. These are children whose biological parents crossed traditional U.S. Census categories to have children. To meet the unique needs of these children and their families, early childhood educators need to engage in staff training, provide classroom materials, work closely with parents, and challenge the single race approach to multicultural education.
Rearrangement and Activation of C-MYC Oncogene by Chromosome Translocation in B Cell Neoplasias

Specific chromosomal abnormalities have long been associated with various human and murine neoplasias (1–3). The most common chromosome defects consist of band deletions, reciprocal translocations and in some cases trisomy of a specific chromosome (1–3). Until recently, the molecular basis of these chromosomal rearrangements and the significance of their association with specific malignancies remained unknown. Cellular oncogenes (almost invariably found to be homologues of retroviral transforming genes) have been shown to exist in an activated form in a variety of human cancers. In the past year, a number of oncogenes have been localized to specific chromosome bands displaying abnormalities unique to specific neoplasias (2,3).
Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity of a Triazine Bridged Antioxidant Small Molecule

Metal-ion misregulation and oxidative stress continue to be components of the continually evolving hypothesis describing the molecular origins of Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, these features are viable targets for synthetic chemists to explore through hybridizations of metal-binding ligands and antioxidant units. To date, the metal-binding unit in potential therapeutic small molecules has largely been inspired by clioquinol with the exception of a handful of heterocyclic small molecules and open-chain systems. Heterocyclic small molecules such as cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) have the advantage of straightforward N-based modifications, allowing the addition of functional groups. In this work, we report the synthesis of a triazine bridged system containing two cyclen metal-binding units and an antioxidant coumarin appendage inspired by nature. This new potential therapeutic molecule shows the ability to bind copper in a unique manner compared to other chelates proposed to treat Alzheimer’s dise...
To Protect and Improve: Developing the “Sacred Cow” in India

During the summer of 2017, I tagged along with three animal scientists from India's National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) on a field visit to one of their institutional partners, a ga...
Characteristics of Physical Therapy Role Models

This study examined the personal and technical characteristics used in an investigation of role modeling in physical therapy. Recently graduated physical therapists performed a forced-choice Q sort composed of 49 physical therapist characteristics to describe 1) themselves, 2) their model academic instructor, and 3) their model clinical instructor. A significant difference between the frequency of personal and technical characteristics placed in the Most Descriptive section resulted for the self sort. The 10 characteristics ranked by highest mean values were all personal for self sorts, the majority were personal for the clinical model and combined sorts, and were equally divided between personal and technical for the academic model sorts.
On Finding Tucker Submatrices and Lekkerkerker-Boland Subgraphs

Lekkerkerker and Boland characterized the minimal forbidden induced subgraphs for the class of interval graphs. We give a linear-time algorithm to find one in any graph that is not an interval graph. Tucker characterized the minimal forbidden submatrices of matrices that do not have the consecutive-ones property. We give a linear-time algorithm to find one in any matrix that does not have the consecutive-ones property.
Vesicoureteral Reflux in the Primate IV: Does Reflux Harm the Kidney?

Abstract It has been said that vesicoureteral reflux causes renal scarring because of intrarenal reflux. We studied reflux in the monkey because of its similarity to man, especially in regard to the incidence of vesicoureteral reflux and chronic pyelonephritis. High pressure moderate grade reflux was produced and renal function followed by means of quantitative renal camera studies using 131I hippuran. There was no change in renal function from sterile reflux even when intrarenal reflux occurred. When, however, infection was introduced, renal function decreased. We concluded that sterile moderate vesicoureteral or intrarenal reflux does not harm the kidney.
Quinone-Mediated Electrochemical O2 Reduction Accessing High Power Density with an Off-Electrode Co-N/C Catalyst

Summary New methods for interconversion of electrical and chemical energy are crucial to addressing emerging challenges in renewable energy storage and conversion. Dissolved redox mediators provide an effective means to transport electrons (and protons) between an electrode and catalysts that are not in direct physical contact with an electrode. Mediators are widely implemented in biofuel cells, but such devices typically exhibit low power densities. Here, we report the development of a tetrasubstituted quinone mediator that exhibits excellent stability under strongly acidic conditions and supports electrochemical reduction of O2 at an off-electrode heterogeneous cobalt catalyst contained within a packed-bed reactor. Efficient oxidation of the hydroquinone by O2 in the reactor provides the basis for mediator regeneration, and an integrated “flow-cathode” fuel cell system supports high power densities. These results establish the combination of organic mediators with off-electrode heterogeneous catalysts as a versatile platform for development of new electrode-driven chemical redox transformations.
Resting-state Gamma-band EEG Abnormalities in Autism *

Gamma-band rhythmic abnormalities have been of significant interests in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Most studies used magnetoencephalography (MEG) due to its advantage in measuring weak gamma signals as compared to electroencephalography (EEG). However, EEG is more accessible, portable, and importantly, more sensitive to cortical sources located at the crowns of gyri, than MEG. Therefore, it is extremely valuable if EEG can be used to detect gamma-band abnormalities in ASD, which could provide complementary insights on pathology of ASD. One challenge in detecting gamma-band neural activities is to remove muscular artifacts, which share the same frequency band. In the present study, we used a previously developed time-frequency independent component analysis (ICA)approach to probe EEG gamma-band abnormalities in ASD. We examined functional connectivity (FC) patterns on intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), i.e., the ICs representing distributed neural activities obtained from ICA, using the metrics of spectral power of individual ICNs and coherence between different ICNs. Seven ICNs that reassembled ICNs obtained from EEG data in the band of 2–30 Hz, were successfully identified in the gamma-band (31–50 Hz) data by the approach. Local over-connectivity in the bilateral frontal and left parietal ICNs, as well as long-range under-connectivity between left and right motor ICNs, were observed in ASD. In addition, the age-related effect was identified in the left motor and left parietal ICNs in healthy control, but not in ASD. These findings demonstrated a mixed pattern of gamma-band FC changes in ASD. It further indicated that the developed approach is promising in reconstructing gamma-band patterns from resting-state EEG signals.
Abstract WP540: Acid Base and Electrolyte Alterations in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke

Background and Purpose: In the setting of mechanical thrombectomy for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), we have developed a protocol to collect and evaluate blood immediately distal and proxi...
204-OR: Advancing Our Understanding of the Relationships between Diabetes Distress and Depressive Symptoms with Biobehavioral Variables in Adolescents with Diabetes

In adolescents with diabetes, associations of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress (DD) with self-care behaviors and glycemic control vary considerably across studies, yet in adults, DD is a stronger predictor than depressive symptoms. This secondary data analysis compared the strength of the association of DD and depressive symptoms on bio-behavioral (HbA1c and average daily blood glucose monitoring checks [BGM]) and perceived global health among adolescents with diabetes. Results: Data from 119 adolescents (75% T1D; diabetes duration of 4.8±4.5 years; HbA1c 8.7 ±2.3%; 62% female; mean age of 15.8±2.1 years; 36% Hispanic, 31% white) screened in clinic were analyzed. Teens completed the 2-item DD Scale (DDS2), the PHQ-9, and PROMIS Pediatric Global Health (PGH). Demographics, HbA1c, and BGM were obtained from medical chart review. Of the 119, 6% had severe depression (PHQ >10) and 22% had moderate to severe DD. DD was significantly correlated with HbA1c and BGM (r=.27, -.32;p=.004, .002; respectively); and both DD and PHQ were significantly correlated with the PGH (r=.43, -.57;ps Conclusion: DD had stronger associations with diabetes biobehavioral variables than depressive symptoms. Considering the outcomes are diabetes-specific, this is not surprising. However, it shows that simply screening for depression may miss an important aspect of the psychosocial health of adolescents with diabetes. Appropriate intervention should follow positive screens of DD to improve adolescents’ diabetes-related variables. Disclosure H. Abujaradeh: None. J.J. Wong: None. K.K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute.
Designing Under the Influence: Exploring the Motivations and Obstacles of Young Design Students.

Industrial design education takes its cues from the profession of Industrial Design. A century old discipline blending human science, engineering, and art. For better and worse, the design profession’s flexibly and obscurity make it difficult for design students to find their way. This paper will analyze the motivations and obstacles that design students face during their academic career. Both internal motivations and external obstacles will be viewed through the lens of the influential people and the presence of existing systems. Concluding the discussion of influential people and existing systems will be three key implementations that can aid design students in maintaining their motivations and outpacing their obstacles.
Practical Review of Robotics in the Treatment of Chronic Impairment After Acquired Brain Injury

In the mid-1990s, robotic therapy emerged in U.S. rehabilitation hospitals for the treatment of upper and lower extremity weakness following acquired brain injury (ABI), especially from cerebrovascular accident (CVA or stroke). These early robotic devices were used primarily for stroke rehabilitation research. Since that time, several multicenter studies have demonstrated that robotic interventions are effective restorative tools for motor improvement, as robots take on the hard work of an intensive motor training experience. Importantly, robots will move a hemiparetic limb with consistent, intensive, repetitive, and programmable movement episodes. This training frees the therapist to focus on reincorporating the emerging new motor capacities of the affected limb into functional use. Robotic rehabilitation has consequently become a standard of care for the treatment of hemiparesis in cutting-edge physical and occupational therapy clinics throughout the United States and the world. With inevitable advance of technology, robots will become portable, targeted, and affordable, allowing for the integration of intensive robotic therapy in both the clinic and at home.
CD133 expression before and after radiation in glioblastoma multiforme

1010 BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells have recently emerged as the population responsible for resistance to therapy which may lead to tumor recurrence. This subpopulation of stem cells often demonstrates CD133 positivity. It has been shown that the CD133+ brain tumor cells population increases with irradiation (XRT) in vitro. However, no data has been published regarding in vivo human correlates. We hypothesize that the population of CD133+ cells might be increased in tumors that have received radiation and have clinically recurred. We therefore looked at a patient population with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) for whom we could find specimens at the time of initial diagnosis and at recurrence after radiation with the objective of correlating the CD133 expression levels with their survival. METHODS: Tissue microarrays were constructed with matched specimens from ten patients with confirmed GBM who underwent resection for diagnosis and at the time of recurrence (post-XRT). Immunohistochemistry was performed using a CD133 antibody (Abcam). Scores were determined by rating the strength of staining on a scale of 0-3; this number was multiplied by the percentage of cells staining positively. Staining level was compared to overall patient survival. RESULTS: Five of the ten patients demonstrated increased staining for CD133 at the time of recurrence. Their initial average score was zero, while at the time of recurrence the average score was 12. Four patients did not express CD133 either at initial presentation or at the time of recurrence. One patient actually showed a decrease in CD133 at recurrence (initial score 20, recurrent score 3). The average survival for the five patients with an increase in CD133 expression was 16 months (range 6-32). The average survival for patients that did not express CD133 was 40 months (range 14-66). In this small patient population of 10 patients, there appears to be a strong correlation between CD133 expression levels and survival (p=0.04 by log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that an inverse correlation exists between increasing CD133+ cells and patient survival supporting the hypothesis that recurrence in GBM is the result of the enrichment of the tumor with CD133+ radiation resistant stem cells (supported by in vitro studies).This finding also highlights potential new approaches in the treatment of GBM that might target the subpopulation of CD133+ cells. A larger study incorporating more patient specimens is necessary to confirm this preliminary data.
Successful Implementation of a Novel Collaborative Interprofessional Educational Curriculum for Nurses and Residents in a Pediatric Acute Care Setting

Interprofessional collaboration is vital to maintain a successful healthcare team. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an interprofessional educational curriculum on a large inpatient, acute care pediatric unit. Our objective was to improve attitudes towards collaborative care and collegial relations between staff nurses and pediatric medical residents. Nurses and residents participated in several interventions including a video for the nurses, a video for the residents, a team-building exercise, and three interprofessional clinical simulations. Participants' attitudes toward collaborative care were evaluated by a self-reported questionnaire, adapted from several validated survey instruments, before and after the intervention. Each question was mapped to one of the four domains of interprofessional practice: Teams and Teamwork, Interprofessional Communication, Values and Ethics for Interprofessional Practice, and Roles and Responsibilities. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators - Practice Environment Scale (NDNQI-PES) question on collegial nurse and physician relations was also queried to corroborate these findings. There was a statistically significant improvement in the nurses' response to 7/24 (29%) survey questions, of which 4 were within the domain of Teams and Teamwork. There was a statistically significant improvement in the residents' response to 5/24 (21%) questions, of which 3 fell within the domain of Interprofessional Communication. None of the survey questions demonstrated a statistically significant decrease. There was also an improvement on NDNQI-PES scores for the target unit, both during and immediately following the intervention. In conclusion, this educational curriculum involving nurses and residents led to improved participants' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration.
Metastatic pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma to the scalp: A case report and review of the literature.

Metastatic carcinoma to the skin occurs in only a minority of patients with a visceral or internal malignancy, with breast, lung, and colorectum accounting for the majority of cases. We present the case of a 66-year-old man with a recent violaceous nodule of the left scalp (1.2 × 1.0 × 0.2 cm) that was a metastatic pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma, representing a seemingly rare event. Two months prior, after complaining of right hip pain, an image revealed a right femoral lesion. A biopsy of that lesion showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Subsequent imaging showed a mass in the pancreatic tail and also markedly elevated serum tumor markers, CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (5325 and 111.5 U/mL, respectively). Before the appearance of the scalp nodule, the patient received radiotherapy and was started on chemotherapy, which was continued after diagnosis and resection of the nodule. Subsequent metastases developed in the liver, lung and additional cutaneous lesions. He died 11 months after initial presentation with right hip pain. As this case shows, cutaneous metastases confer a poor prognosis, often with less than a year survival following their appearance.
Silicon Carbide JFET Super-Cascodes for Normally-On Current Source Inverter Switches in Medium Voltage Variable Speed Electrostatic Drives

This work focuses on the design and testing of silicon carbide JFET super-cascodes for medium voltage electrostatic machine drives. These drives require medium voltage (7kV peak) and low current (<2A) normally-on switches that are not available as monolithic semiconductors. Characterization of the super-cascodes (12 JFETs in series) demonstrates normally-on (1Ω, Vgs = 0) behavior and high voltage blocking capabilities (100uA at 10kV). Using a clamped inductive load, two gate-coupling methods, one adding a fixed vs a stack position scaled capacitance, were tested to determine the best solution for a low-loss high-switching frequency device. The fixed capacitance had the lowest loss of 5.6mJ when tested at 7kV and 2 A. Six super-cascodes were then combined in a current source inverter operating at 4.5 kVrms line - line, 400 Hz fundamental with a switching frequency of 20kHz driving a 2.1 kVA RC load to emulate the electrostatic machine.
China since 1945

The Chinese Civil War Although China was one of the victors in World War II, conditions in war-ravaged China did not noticeably improve after Japan's defeat. Instead, the catastrophic inflation, corruption, and black marketeering that had begun during the World War only worsened, while the off-again, on-again civil war between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists entered its final phase. In the first months after the war, the U.S. ambassador did succeed in bringing Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek together for face-to-face negotiations. It was reportedly Mao's first ride in an airplane. The American hope was to prevent full-scale civil war and promote democracy in China. For that purpose, in late 1945 President Truman appointed one of America's most distinguished military leaders and statesmen, General George C. Marshall (1880–1959), as a special envoy to China. General Marshall remained in China for a little over a year (December 1945–January 1947), and on his departure, he was able to express cautious optimism that a new Chinese constitution, and democratic elections scheduled for late 1947, might hold. But General Marshall also expressed concern that efforts at reaching a peace settlement were being frustrated by extremists on both sides. In fact, the bitter antagonism between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists ultimately proved too deep to sustain the uneasy truce. The problems of postwar China in general, moreover, were proving stubbornly intractable. On the island of Taiwan, for example – recently returned to Chinese rule following Japan's surrender – residual damage from World War II, Nationalist Chinese economic policies that restricted the operations of a free market, and the circulation of excessive amounts of currency all combined to foster high unemployment, shortages of goods, and out-of-control inflation. When police attempted to confiscate suspected contraband cigarettes from a middle-aged female street vendor in the provincial capital, Taipei, resulting in a scuffle that killed a bystander, Taiwan erupted into a major island-wide rebellion on February 28, 1947. The rebellion was crushed by Nationalist troops, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Taiwanese. This February 28 Incident (although it was long publicly unmentionable in Taiwan) left a long-festering wound in relations between the Taiwanese people and the ruling Chinese Nationalist government on the island.
Developing and Monitoring a Standard-of-Care Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Clinical Quality and Regulatory Program

ABSTRACT As the world of cellular therapy expands to include immune effector cell (IEC) products such as commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, quality management (QM) professionals are faced with creating either new IEC stand-alone programs or expand existing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) programs to promote patient safety and be aligned with quality, regulatory, and accreditation requirements. The team professionals at City of Hope (COH) recently expanded the quality HCT program to include IEC products and, in doing so, implemented new regulatory infrastructure while maintaining high quality patient care. At COH, we developed the quality structure of our cellular therapy program through collaborations between quality, regulatory, and CAR T patient care committees, which included physicians and nurse coordinators. To ensure the quality of our program, we monitor data collection and reporting, perform quarterly proactive audits of, for example, outcome analysis, and measure selected end-points for benchmarking purposes. QM professionals play a critical role in the monitoring and evaluation processes and provide guidance on how to implement accreditation requirements and what impact the requirements may have on care management. Here we describe the process by which COH expanded our HCT QM program to include IEC therapy. We share examples of how we developed our overall program structure and other key items such as how we addressed patient care management and accreditation to apprise other programs that wish to create and/or expand existing programs.
The Diversity-Uncertainty-Valence (DUV) model of generalized trust development

Abstract Generalized trust is critical for societies and organizations because it facilitates cooperation beyond the circle of familiar individuals. In contrast to specific trust, which is contained within a relationship, generalized trust represents one’s general willingness to trust others before knowing any specific information about a partner. We present a new theoretical model—the Diversity-Uncertainty-Valence (DUV) Model of Generalized Trust Development—which identifies the factors that determine generalized trust levels. We propose that three elements of social interactions—a sense of diversity, social uncertainty, and positive valence—determine generalized trust development. Diversity drives the generalization process, whereas social uncertainty and positive valence enable the trust development process. Three experiments and an internal meta-analysis confirmed the core prediction of the DUV model: social interactions among a diverse set of partners that produce positive outcomes under conditions of uncertainty will produce the highest levels of generalized trust.
Oral Health Care Coordination: The Role of Enabling Technology

Care coordination is a critical approach to improve the delivery of dental services and timely prevention of disease. Particularly in the case of children, proper coordination across systems of care, health care providers, and caregivers is important to keep children healthy and pain free throughout their childhood. The creation and utilization of novel IT systems can improve care coordination and care quality. However, clinical providers are at a disadvantage due to the lack of technology available to securely communicate care needs and close the referral loop between medical and dental settings. Strengthening the connections between medical and dental settings is a necessary and important step to …
Indigenous farming practices increase millet yields in Senegal, West Africa

Soil degradation is a major constraint to food security in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the effect of indigenous (the traditional use of rotating fallow-based systems (toss) for li...
Abstract 15646: Pathological Assessment of Primary Graft Dysfunction Does Not Suggest a Prominent Role for an Adaptive Immune Response

Introduction: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a major cause of mortality following heart transplant (HT). Pathological characteristics of PGD have not been well characterized. We sought to descr...
Pricing Mechanism in Online Credit Markets

We compare two prominent selling mechanisms in online platforms, auctions and posted prices, in the context of Prosper.com, an online peer-to-peer lending marketplace, which switched from auctions to posted prices. We first develop a predictive model using Random Forests to approximate the pricing rule that Prosper.com uses for the posted pricing, which allows us to predict the interest rates for the borrowers who listed under the auctions, if Prosper.com were to use the posted pricing. We find that the posted pricing leads to higher interest rates than the auctions. Using the predicted interest rates and the estimates of the structural model from Kawai, Onishi and Uetake (2018), which estimate the model under the auctions, we simulate the equilibrium outcomes under the posted pricing. We find the funding probabilities are lower under the posted prices than the auctions. This can be attributed to either adverse selection due to the lack of signaling in posted prices or ex-post moral hazard due to higher interest rates in the posted prices. By simulating also the posted price mechanism under symmetric information, we find both effects. Our results imply the increase in funding probabilities observed in the data after the mechanism change mainly results from the change in the composition of borrowers and lenders.
Schley, David Steam City: Railroads, Urban Space, and Corporate Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore: Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press 352 pp, $55.00, ISBN 978-0226720258, Publication Date: October 2020

Steam City reveals the complex relationship between one of America’s first railroads, the Baltimore & Ohio, and the city of Baltimore, Maryland. The time period covered in the book is roughly a hal...
CT muscle density, D3Cr muscle mass and body fat associations with physical performance, mobility outcomes and mortality risk in older men.

Author(s): Orwoll, Eric; Blackwell, Terri; Cummings, Steven R; Cauley, Jane A; Lane, Nancy E; Hoffman, Andrew R; Burghardt, Andrew J; Evans, William J; Cawthon, Peggy M; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Research Group | Abstract: BackgroundMuscle mass declines with age, while body adiposity increases. Sarcopenic obesity has been proposed to be particularly deleterious. However, previous methods for estimating muscle mass have been inadequate, and the relative contributions of total body fat vs. muscle fat to adverse outcomes have been unclear.MethodsIn a large cohort of older men (N= 1017), we measured muscle mass (D3 creatine dilution), muscle density (high resolution peripheral computed tomography in the diaphyseal tibia) as a proxy of muscle fat, and total body fat (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). We examined their associations with physical performance (walking speed, grip strength, chair stand time), the risk of mobility outcomes (mobility limitations, mobility disability), and the risk of death over ~5 years.ResultsIn combined models, lower muscle mass and muscle density were independently associated with worse physical performance and the risk of adverse outcomes, while total body fat was minimally related to physical performance and not related to mobility outcomes or mortality. For example, the relative risks for mortality per 1 standardized unit increase in muscle density, muscle mass, and total body fat were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.70), 0.70 (0.57, 0.86), and 0.90 (0.64, 1.25), respectively.ConclusionsMuscle mass and muscle density were associated with physical performance and adverse outcomes, and had independent, additive effects. There was little additional contribution of total body fat.