cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-Raman studies of gypsum in the temperature range between 9 K and 373 K

Raman spectra were collected for synthetic gypsum (CaSO4 · · 2H2O) powder between 9 and 373 K under atmospheric pressure with special emphasis on the temperature dependence of the OH-stretching modes. The stretching bands of the water molecules in gypsum were found to shift in opposite directions as a result of the different degree of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding between nonequivalent water H atoms and the O atoms of nearby SO4 ions. The anharmonic parameters of the OH-stretching modes are calculated using the temperature derivatives measured from the present investigation and existing pressure derivatives. These parameters are −4.7 × 10−6 K−1 and −0.6 × 10−6 K−1 for the 3407 and 3494 cm−1 bands, respectively. The dehydration of gypsum into γ-CaSO4 and the subsequent rehydration of γ-CaSO4 into hemihydrate are clearly identified in the Raman spectra by the observed variation in Raman shifts of the OH and ν1(SO4) bands. The latter increases as the mineral becomes increasingly anhydrous (1007 cm−1 in gypsum;1014 cm−1 in hemihydrate;1026 cm−1 in γ-CaSO4), which can be used as a fingerprint for the remote detection of these minerals on planetary surfaces.
Harnessing a Mobile Social Media App To Reinforce Course Content

Instagram is a popular photosharing social networking app used by college students across the world on mobile devices such as smartphones. Using such a platform for quick “thought problems” is a powerful method for reaching students outside the traditional brick-and-mortar classroom. The pedagogical goal is to reinforce course concepts through students’ mobile devices at times when they may not be thinking about chemistry.
African Doctor Migration: Are Economic Shocks to Blame?

It is widely believed that poor economic conditions in developing countries contribute to the migration of health professionals. In this paper we test this hypothesis using new panel data on the annual flow of physicians from 31 African countries to the United States and the United Kingdom. The data spans the period 1975-2004. Using a variety of fixed effects and instrumental variable models, we show that economic shocks have a statistically significant impact on the migration of physicians. Results from the fixed effects models suggest that a one-percentage point decline in lagged economic growth increases physician migration in year t by approximately 0.3 percent. The IV estimates are several orders of magnitude larger implying that a one percentage point decline in economic growth in t − 1 causes an increase in physician migration in year t of between 3.4 and 3.6 percent.
310 PREMATURE INFANTS WHO GET HOSPITALIZED FOR RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION DESPITE RECEIVING PALIVIZUMAB.

Objective To evaluate why certain premature infants were hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) despite receiving palivizumab. Methods All premature infants ≤ 35 weeks gestational age (GA) who received palivizumab at the University of California Irvine Medical Center during the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons were identified. Those who were hospitalized for RSV were identified as subjects. For each patient hospitalized, two random controls with the same gestational age born within 2 months of the subject were chosen. The controls had also received palivizumab but were not hospitalized. The charts of the patients and controls were reviewed to identify risk factors that may have contributed to hospitalization. Results 250 infants ≤ 35 weeks gestational age had received palivizamub at UCIMC during the 2-year period. Of these, 6 patients were hospitalized and 5 of 6 were born at Conclusions Congenital anomalies or severe intraventricular hemorrhage may be contributing risk factors for very premature infants who are hospitalized for RSV despite receiving palivizumab. Larger studies are needed to further identify these contributing risk factors and evaluate control measures to further decrease hospitalization rates in premature infants.
Modeling Nano-Structure Devices

Fundamental problems of and approaches to modeling nanostructure devices are reviewed. First the requirements for modeling charge transport in classical and nanostructure devices are compared and contrasted. Then the quantum mechanical concepts of transmission probabilities and eigen energies in nanostructures are related back to the classical concepts of resistance and capacitance, respectively. Next a small illustrative sampling of numerical approaches to calculation of the quantum mechanical properties of nanostructures is presented. Finally examples are given of how such theoretical concepts and numerical methods can be applied to modeling existing and future devices.
Reoperation Rates After Long Posterior Spinal Fusion: Use of Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Idiopathic and Non-idiopathic Scoliosis

Abstract Introduction Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) can increase the likelihood of solid arthrodesis in spinal surgery. This would imply fewer reoperations for pseudarthrosis, but small cohort sizes are inadequate to monitor these events. We sought to examine adolescent idiopathic (AIS) and non-idiopathic scoliosis (NIS) for reoperation events with and without the use of BMP using a large statewide database. Methods The 2008–2011 New York State Inpatient Database was queried using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Patients age 10 and older with a diagnosis of scoliosis and an index fusion of greater than 2 spinal motion segments were included. Patient identifiers and linkage variables were used to identify revisits. The relative risk of reoperation was calculated. The use of BMP at the initial inpatient stay was used to define the two cohorts for relative risk assessment. Results A total of 2,658 and 2,431 cases were identified of AIS and NIS, respectively. The use of BMP at the initial visit was performed at a rate of 4.5% for AIS and 21.0% for NIS fusion surgery. For posterior fusion cases longer than eight levels, the reoperation rate for pseudarthrosis was 1.0% in AIS and 18.4% in NIS (p Conclusion We found a significant decrease in the risk of reoperation for pseudarthrosis after long fusions when using BMP in the case of NIS. In contrast, use of BMP does not benefit the AIS population.
Responses of Poa annua and three bentgrass species (Agrostis spp.) to adult and larval feeding of annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, is an economically important pest of short-cut turfgrass in Eastern North America. Wide spread insecticide resistance warrants the development of alternative management strategies for this pest. ABW damage typically occurs in areas with a high percentage of annual bluegrass, Poa annua L., the preferred ABW host. Damage to bentgrasses, Agrostis spp., is much rarer and usually less severe. To aid the implementation of host plant resistance as an alternative ABW management strategy we investigated the tolerance of three bentgrass species to ABW feeding. Responses of P. annua, creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L., colonial bentgrass, Agrostis capillaris L., and velvet bentgrass, Agrostis canina L., to adult and larval feeding were compared in greenhouse experiments. Grass responses were measured as visual damage, dry weight of the grass stems and leaves, color, density and overall grass quality. To determine possible mechanisms of grass tolerance constitutive fiber and silicon content were also determined. The three bentgrass species tolerated 2–3 times higher numbers of ABW adults and larvae than P. annua before displaying any significant quality decrease. Creeping bentgrass had the lowest damage ratings. ABW infestation caused higher plant yield reduction in P. annua (up to 42%) than in bentgrasses. Observed differences among the grass species in fiber and silicon content in the plant tissue are unlikely to play a role in the resistance of bentgrasses to ABW. Our findings clearly show that A. stolonifera is the best grass species for the implementation of host plant resistance in ABW management.
Nicotine Withdrawal and Depression: Clinical Studies—A Four-Factor Model for More Accurate Characterization

Abstract Depressive vulnerability (eg, history of major depressive disorders, subclinical depressive symptoms, and anhedonia) is associated with greater smoking prevalence, relapse, and nicotine dependence; however, the relationship between such depression-related measures and withdrawal symptom severity and trajectories, or what may be described as mental health measures following reduction or cessation of smoking, is less well established because of methodological limitations of most relevant studies. Major limitations of studies to date are related to the failure to control for or to carefully assess four factors: (1) differential dropout : substantial nonrandom study dropout and relapse in individuals with depressive vulnerability and more generally in individuals with the most severe withdrawal symptoms and stressful life events; (2) testing effects : the strong tendency for scores on measures of negative affect and withdrawal symptoms to decrease substantially with repeated testing across time (given a constant environment stress-potential); (3) anticipatory quit stress : increased prequit anticipatory negative affect and withdrawal symptom scores in the week or so prior to quit attempts; and (4) long- and short-term chronodynamic life changes : to date, generally uncharacterized factors (generally disguised as error variance in statistical analyses) such as individual variability in short and long-term stressors, life circumstances, and biological functioning independent of or interacting with smoking abstinence effects and the decision to quit smoking at a given time. A model that addresses these four threats to accurate characterization of withdrawal symptoms is presented.
Shadow Trajectory Model for Fast Low-Thrust Indirect Optimization

Preliminary design of low-thrust trajectories generally benefits from broad searches over the feasible space. Despite convergence issues, indirect methods are generally faster than direct methods and are therefore well-suited for such searches. Nonetheless, indirect solutions typically require expensive numerical integration of at least the state and costate equations. Here, based on the physical interpretation of the primer vector, a fast model that approximates solutions to all the dynamics is introduced. If the ballistic dynamics have a closed-form solution, then the costate equations can be approximated without resorting to numerical integration. Analogous to the Sims–Flanagan model for direct optimization, the new model approximates thrust arcs with a series of ballistic arcs and impulsive maneuvers. The closed-form solution is obtained using a Sundman-transformed independent variable, which also provides an efficient discretization. Furthermore, a low-order series solution is used for the ballistic ...
Effects of Nasal Cavity and Pharyngeal Regions on Airflow Simulation and Particle Depositions in Lower Generations of the Airways

This study evaluates the impact of excluding various regions of the upper respiratory system on particle depositions in lower airways. Three types of models were investigated, Type 1 includes nasal cavity, pharyngeal regions, trachea, and lower generations, Type 2 includes pharyngeal regions, trachea and lower generations, and finally Type 3 includes just the trachea and lower generations. Results indicate increased mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and wall shear stress in hypopharynx and trachea regions for Types 1 and 2 models. There are strong secondary flows within the trachea just before the lower generations in these models, moving high velocity toward the wall regions, resulting in large velocity gradients and thus increased wall shear stress. For Type 3 model, only a small region experiences high velocity secondary flow and its distribution is significantly different than those of Type 1 and 2. Although total particle depositions differ between models, results show that for fine particles, the deposition ratios in lower airways are nearly the same.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Status Epilepticus and Blindness in a Patient with Carfilzomib-Associated Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by headaches, visual disturbances, and seizures. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of an affected brain typically shows symmetrical white matter edema in the posterior cerebral hemispheres. The onset of PRES can constitute a medical emergency, especially when accompanied by status epilepticus. If promptly recognized and treated, the clinical syndrome and associated radiological findings are usually resolved in a matter of weeks or months. Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor that is newly approved for relapsing myeloma in a patient who has received one or more lines of therapy. In this paper, we report on a 52-year-old female on carfilzomib for multiple myeloma who developed PRES following her second dose of treatment. She was admitted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, and while she was in the hospital, she developed a severe headache, blindness, and status epilepticus. A brain MRI showed signs consistent with PRES. After carfilzomib was discontinued, her symptoms resolved within three days. Unfortunately, the patient passed away shortly after being discharged, so there was no opportunity to perform a repeat MRI.
Romanticism, Self-Canonization, and the Business of Poetry

This is the first book to examine how Romantic writers transformed poetic collections to reach new audiences. In a series of case studies, Michael Gamer shows Romantic poets to be fundamentally social authors: working closely with booksellers, intimately involved in literary production, and resolutely concerned with current readers even as they presented themselves as disinterested artists writing for posterity. Exploding the myth of Romantic poets as naive, unworldly, or unconcerned with the practical aspects of literary production, this study shows them instead to be engaged with intellectual property, profit and loss, and the power of reprinting to reshape literary reputation. Gamer offers a fresh perspective on how we think about poetic revision, placing it between aesthetic and economic registers and foregrounding the centrality of poetic collections rather than individual poems to the construction of literary careers.
Fidelity Assessment to Improve Teacher Instruction and School Decision Making.

ABSTRACTTeachers must provide high-quality instruction based on evidence-based practices to provide students meaningful opportunities to learn and to improve school outcomes. Although teachers have access to a variety of resources on evidence-based practices, poor implementation may limit the effectiveness of teacher practices, as indicated by low levels of student achievement and flat rates of progress. However, inadequate student response to instruction or intervention may also be due to a mismatch between teacher practices and student needs such as when students require more intensive support. As a result, school teams must determine the degree to which teachers provide instruction and intervention as intended (i.e., fidelity of implementation) to determine if an inadequate student response is due to poor implementation of practices that match student needs or due to a need for more intensive support. The authors report the necessity of including contingencies for measuring fidelity within school-wide ...
Host plant acceptance of azalea lace bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae) for selected azalea cultivars.

The host plant acceptance of azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) for 20 cultivars of azalea, Rhododendron spp., was evaluated. Lowest acceptance, as measured by significantly reduced oviposition in both years of the study, was observed on the cultivar ‘Macrantha.’ Lowest levels of leaf injury and percentage leaf injury were also observed on ‘Macrantha.’ Bloom color and abaxial leaf texture did not affect acceptance. Monthly comparisons of all cultivars indicated significantly higher oviposition of all cultivars indicated significantly higher oviposition by azalea lace bug in June and July, 1989, and July 1990, than in the other months of the study (May - September).
Developmental, Morphogenetic and Reproductive Effects of Four Poly cyclic Non-isoprenoid Juvenoids in the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Developmental, morphogenetic, and reproductive effects of four polycyclic non-isoprenoid juvenoids (fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen, CGA45128, and PH030) were compared in nymphal German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.). A pronounced dose-dependent response was exhibited with all juvenoids. Ecdysial failure was induced at 100 and 10 μg by fenoxycarb, CGA45128 and PH030, while pyriproxyfen did not cause this effect at any dose tested. All juvenoids induced significant developmental delays (at doses of 100, 10 and 1 μg/insect) and caused high levels of morphogenetic wing twisting, with PH030 being significantly more active than the other compounds. Twisted-wing adultoids were capable of reproducing unless they had been treated at 100 or 10 μg; PH030 was the only compound causing reproductive inhibition at the lower 1 μg dose. Wing twisting was not an absolute indicator of reproductive inhibition, as most slightly affected adultoids were capable of producing progeny when mated with normal adults. The implicatio...
Tethered to the EHR: Primary Care Physician Workload Assessment Using EHR Event Log Data and Time-Motion Observations

PURPOSE Primary care physicians spend nearly 2 hours on electronic health record (EHR) tasks per hour of direct patient care. Demand for non–face-to-face care, such as communication through a patient portal and administrative tasks, is increasing and contributing to burnout. The goal of this study was to assess time allocated by primary care physicians within the EHR as indicated by EHR user-event log data, both during clinic hours (defined as 8:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday) and outside clinic hours. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 142 family medicine physicians in a single system in southern Wisconsin. All Epic (Epic Systems Corporation) EHR interactions were captured from “event logging” records over a 3-year period for both direct patient care and non–face-to-face activities, and were validated by direct observation. EHR events were assigned to 1 of 15 EHR task categories and allocated to either during or after clinic hours. RESULTS Clinicians spent 355 minutes (5.9 hours) of an 11.4-hour workday in the EHR per weekday per 1.0 clinical full-time equivalent: 269 minutes (4.5 hours) during clinic hours and 86 minutes (1.4 hours) after clinic hours. Clerical and administrative tasks including documentation, order entry, billing and coding, and system security accounted for nearly one-half of the total EHR time (157 minutes, 44.2%). Inbox management accounted for another 85 minutes (23.7%). CONCLUSIONS Primary care physicians spend more than one-half of their workday, nearly 6 hours, interacting with the EHR during and after clinic hours. EHR event logs can identify areas of EHR-related work that could be delegated, thus reducing workload, improving professional satisfaction, and decreasing burnout. Direct time-motion observations validated EHR-event log data as a reliable source of information regarding clinician time allocation.
Role of the Surgeon Educator in Leading Surgical Skills Center Development

One critical aspect of surgeons’ development as educators occurs outside the traditional confines of hospital wards, operating rooms, and classrooms. Surgical skills labs and simulation centers across the country have emerged as a prime environment where simulated surgical learning modules set the stage for the surgeon as educator to train their novice fellow, residents, and medical students. Realistic models and learning practicums have ensured tangible improvements in learner skill, transcending ethereal classroom discussion of surgical techniques and theories. As complicated surgical procedures are broken down into fundamental stepwise movements, learning modules empower improved acuity to identify gaps in training to maximize effectiveness. In response to increased demands, mobilizing technology in the surgical skills lab has enabled surgeons to better educate students using tangible metrics without sacrificing patient safety and eliminating the stress of actual patient care.
Approach for shear capacity evaluation of fire exposed steel and composite beams

Abstract A simplified approach for evaluating degradation of shear capacity in fire exposed steel and composite beams is presented. This approach takes into account temperature-induced strength degradation, and sectional instability effects, as well as level of composite action developed at the beam-slab interface. The validity of the approach in evaluating shear capacity of fire exposed steel and composite beams is established by comparing predictions from the proposed approach with results obtained from finite element analysis and fire tests. Results generated from numerical studies and illustrative examples infer that the proposed approach can evaluate degradation in shear capacity of fire exposed steel and composite beams under wide range of loading scenarios.
Object recognition using low light level 3D point clouds

Target recognition is a key aspect for many applications. Rapidly maturing small sensor platforms continually require better, more agile sensor performance coupled with smaller, lighter, and faster sensor implementations. Additionally, longer range applications necessitate more efficient use of photons received from active illumination. We describe a potential approach to overcoming both issues based on photon counting laser radar, which performs pattern recognition using images with very few detected photo-events. Previous work using intensity images show near ideal pattern recognition with as low as 50 photo-detections. We investigate through simulation an extension of prior work to 3D point cloud imagery.
Interpretations of Spacetime and the Principle of Relativity

Chapter 3 will introduce an interpretation of flat spacetime theories I call Primitive Motion Relationalism (PMR). According to this interpretation, motion should be thought of as a primitive entity, more fundamental than spatial points and temporal instants. Events are taken to be coincidences between motions; the identity of events depends on the identity of the underlying motions. The other main feature of this approach is that spacetime consists of a set of potential trajectories. The spacetime manifold and the metric defined on it should not be thought of as a field analogous to other material fields. Rather, spacetime determines the form of actual trajectories and relations between motions, in analogy with Aristotelian formal causes that determine the essence of a substance. One of the main advantages of PMR is that it explains the restricted Principle of Relativity (i.e., the equivalence between inertial reference frames), without presupposing the Principle of Relativity as a postulate.
Babies in the Privy: Prostitution, Infanticide and Abortion in New York City's Five Points District

Excavation of a privy shaft associated with a 19th-century tenement at 12 Orange Street in New York City’s Five Points district revealed the skeletal remains of two full-term neonates and a fetus. The well-preserved neonatal remains, probably twins, represent either concealment of a stillbirth or neonaticide, a subtype of infanticide. The presence of the “quickened” fetus in a different privy layer reflects concealment of a miscarriage or an induced abortion. Historical documents indicate that city authorities closed a “disorderly house” or brothel located in the tenement’s cellar in 1843 due to neighbors’ complaints. Within this historical context, the discovery of the skeletal remains provides an opportunity to trace changes in American social and legal attitudes regarding infanticide, abortion, and prostitution and explore the difficult choices faced by working women in New York City from the colonial period to the middle of the 19th century.
Koopman Operator Approach for Instability Detection and Mitigation in Signalized Traffic

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate an application of the Koopman Operator approach for automated detection of unstable behavior in traffic dynamics. We propose an algorithm that searches for long sequences of unstable eigenvalues in the learned dynamics as an anomaly feature, and demonstrate feasibility of the approach on a case study day with abnormally high queue lengths due to an accident. Secondly, we present a method for modeling traffic dynamics with signal phases included as exogenous input. Given an unusually congested condition, the analysis is consistent in that longer green times for the affected leg result in less severe congestion and vice versa for shorter green times. This shows promise for anticipating queue behavior under modified traffic signal phase sequences. We encapsulate these ideas within the larger picture of building improved adaptive traffic control systems.
Non-Volatile Spintronic Flip-Flop Design for Energy-Efficient SEU and DNU Resilience

In this paper, low-energy radiation-hardening approaches are proposed to develop non-volatile (NV) flip-flop (FF) circuits using spintronic devices. In particular, spin Hall effect magnetic tunnel junctions are used to design a radiation-hardened NV-latch that is proposed to be utilized as a shadow latch to maintain the data during the standby mode when the circuit is power-gated. Moreover, soft-error resilient complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-based latching circuits are designed to be leveraged as master and slave latches in the NVFF structure. The proposed hardening techniques are based on using feedback loops and clock-gating Muller C-elements, as well as increasing the charge capacity of the vulnerable nodes. The circuit simulations indicate that the proposed single-event upset and double node upset resilient latching circuits can achieve at least 81% and 24% power-delay product improvement, respectively, while incurring comparable area overhead compared to the previous energy-efficient radiation-hardened latch designs. Finally, the proposed latching circuits are combined to develop four radiation-hardened NVFF designs. The results obtained show that, using the proposed NV latching circuit as a shadow latch can result in two orders of magnitude reduction in energy consumption compared to the FF circuits with an NV master latch. In addition, the proposed latches achieve favorable tradeoffs in terms of minimized performance overheads and maximized robustness (100%) of soft fault coverage to single and double upsets. Thus, the proposed NVFFs can be employed within logic datapaths to ensure data integrity as a potential mainstream solution for aerospace and avionic nanoelectronics.
Nongenetic optical neuromodulation with silicon-based materials

Optically controlled nongenetic neuromodulation represents a promising approach for the fundamental study of neural circuits and the clinical treatment of neurological disorders. Among the existing material candidates that can transduce light energy into biologically relevant cues, silicon (Si) is particularly advantageous due to its highly tunable electrical and optical properties, ease of fabrication into multiple forms, ability to absorb a broad spectrum of light, and biocompatibility. This protocol describes a rational design principle for Si-based structures, general procedures for material synthesis and device fabrication, a universal method for evaluating material photoresponses, detailed illustrations of all instrumentation used, and demonstrations of optically controlled nongenetic modulation of cellular calcium dynamics, neuronal excitability, neurotransmitter release from mouse brain slices, and brain activity in the mouse brain in vivo using the aforementioned Si materials. The entire procedure takes ~4–8 d in the hands of an experienced graduate student, depending on the specific biological targets. We anticipate that our approach can also be adapted in the future to study other systems, such as cardiovascular tissues and microbial communities. This protocol describes how to fabricate and apply silicon-based structures for optically controlled neuromodulation. The structures can be used for nongenetic neuronal excitation in cultured neurons, brain slices, and in vivo applications.
B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging Characterization of Atherosclerosis

At present, prevention of atherosclerosis, or the effective inhibition of the lesion progression, remains a primary medical research objective (1). In the past 50 years efforts have been made to study and understand the atherosclerotic process, and have resulted in several achievements in basic sciences, epidemiology and medical management of the disease. Using experimental and animal models, specific therapies have been developed and tested and offer promising perspectives. However, it would be of great help to detect the morphological characteristics of atherosclerosis non-invasively and during plaque evolution in human arteries.
Acute and late effects of combined internal and external radiation exposures on the hematopoietic system.

Purpose: Incidents, such as nuclear facility accidents and the release of a ‘dirty bomb’, might result in not only external irradiation of personnel, but additional internal exposures through conco...
Investigation on knowledge, attitude, and practice of schistosomiasis prevention and control and infection status in Armed Police Forces stationed along Yangtze River.

OBJECTIVE To understand the status of knowledge, attitude, and practice of schistosomiasis prevention and control and infection status in Armed Police Forces stationed along the Yangtze River, so as to provide the reference for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control measures in Armed Police Forces. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, and the investigation content included social demographic data, schistosomiasis prevention knowledge, attitude and behavior. All the subjects were examined for Schistosoma japonicum infection. RESULTS Totally 376 soldiers were investigated in 2 sites. The total passing rate of schistosomiasis knowledge was 72.87%. The passing rate among different age groups had no significant difference ( χ2 =0.26, P > 0.05). The passing rate of soldiers from endemic areas was significantly higher than that of the soldiers from non-endemic areas ( χ2 =4.71, P < 0.05). The passing rate of officers was significantly higher than that of the soldiers (χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05). The passing rate of soldiers with the education levels of junior school, high school, college, undergraduate and above increased gradually, with a significant difference (χ2 =8.16, P < 0.05). The soldiers with positive attitude accounted for 93.88%. Among the water contact behaviors, training accounted for 17.55% and participating in the task (such as flood fighting and water work) accounted for 86.44%. When launching, the rate of taking protective measures was 52.93%. The rate of taking protective measures in the knowledge passing group was much higher than that in the knowledge failed group (χ2 =10.55, P < 0.05). The stool was harmlessly treated in the two camps. Among 376 soldiers, the positive rate of blood examinations was 0.53%, but the stool examinations were all negative. CONCLUSIONS The overall level of knowledge and correct behavior of schistosomiasis prevention in the Armed Police Forces along the Yangtze River still should be improved. The better health education and behavior intervention are crucial to schistosomiasis prevention in the army.
Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Femur Fracture and Influence of Femoral Fixation Using the Mini-Anterolateral Approach in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The mini-anterolateral (AL) approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has gained popularity. In contrast to other approaches, risk factors for periprosthetic femur fractures have not been well established for the AL approach. Methods Six hundred eighty-four primary THAs performed using the AL approach were retrospectively reviewed for risk factors associated with perioperative periprosthetic femur fractures within 3 months of surgery. Risk factors evaluated were gender, age, body mass index, laterality, and Dorr ratio of the proximal femur. Cemented stems and collared uncemented stems were compared to uncemented tapered-wedge and meta-diaphyseal stems. A Student’s t-test was used for continuous variables, and a chi-squared test was used for categorical variables. Results Of 684 primary THAs performed, 57 (8.3%) resulted in fracture. Twenty-eight (4.1%) occurred intraoperatively and 29 (4.2%) occurred postoperatively within 90 days. All intraoperative fractures were fixed at the time of surgery and healed uneventfully. Of the postoperative fractures, 15 (2.2%) were amenable to nonoperative management and healed. Fourteen (2.0%) required revision arthroplasty. There was a significantly lower rate of fracture in patients receiving cemented or collared stems (0%, n = 101) than in those receiving tapered-wedge or meta-diaphyseal fitting stems (9.8%, n = 583; P = .0009). Odds of fracture increased with female gender (P = .0063) and increasing Dorr ratio (P = .0003). Analysis showed a trend toward increased risk with older age, but did not achieve statistical significance. Body mass index and laterality showed no statistically significant effect. Conclusion Performing primary THA via the AL approach, 2.0% of patients had a postoperative fracture requiring revision within the first 3 months. With cemented and collared stems, the fracture rate was significantly lower. Surgeons should consider using cemented or collared stems in high-risk patients.
Joint Statement on Pediatric Education at Schools of Pharmacy

Providing health care for children is a unique specialty, and pediatric patients represent approximately 25% of the population. Education of pharmacy students on patients across the lifespan is required by current Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education standards and outcomes; thus, it is essential that pharmacy students gain a proficiency in caring for children. A collaborative panel of pediatric faculty members from schools and colleges of pharmacy was established to review the current literature regarding pediatric education in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula and establish updated recommendations for the provision of pediatric pharmacy education. This statement outlines five recommendations supporting inclusion of pediatric content and skills in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula.
U.S. Simulation of Lifetime Major Depressive Episode Prevalence and Recall Error.

Introduction Simulation models can improve measurement and understanding of mental health conditions in the population. Major depressive episodes are a common and leading cause of disability but are subject to substantial recall bias in survey assessments. This study illustrates the application of a simulation model to quantify the full burden of major depressive episodes on population health in the U.S. Methods A compartmental model of major depressive episodes that explicitly simulates individuals’ under-reporting of past episodes was developed and calibrated to 2005–2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health data. Parameters for incidence of a first major depressive episode and the probability of under-reporting past episodes were estimated. Analysis was conducted from 2017 to 2019. Results The model estimated that 30.1% of women (95% range: 29.0%–32.5%) and 17.4% of men (95% range: 16.7%–18.8%) have lifetime histories of a major depressive episode after adjusting for recall error. Among all adults, 13.1% of women (95% range: 8.1%–16.5%) and 6.6% of men (95% range: 4.0%–8.3%) failed to report a past major depressive episode. Under-reporting of a major depressive episode history in adults aged >65 years was estimated to be 70%. Conclusions Simulation models can address knowledge gaps in disease epidemiology and prevention and improve surveillance efforts. This model quantifies the under-reporting of major depressive episodes and provides parameter estimates for future research. After adjusting for under-reporting, 23.9% of adults have a lifetime history of major depressive episodes, which is much higher than based on self-report alone (14.0%). Far more adults would benefit from depression prevention strategies than what survey estimates suggest.
‘Dreadful Women’: Vampires and Storytellers in Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's ‘Luella Miller’

Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's ‘Luella Miller’ is the most critically acclaimed and puzzling story in her 1903 The Wind in the Rose-Bush and Other Stories of the Supernatural. As described by the tale's...
WIND-GENERATED ELECTRIC POWER IN THE FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS: GEOGRAPHICAL PROSPECTS

Geographical factors underlying the prospects for wind-generated electric power in the former Soviet republics are surveyed. Discussed are a brief history of Soviet energy development and emerging public attitudes towards energy, the characteristics and topology of the electric power system, high-wind-speed macroregions within the territory of the former Soviet Union, geographical features of these high-wind-speed regions, and Soviet and Western wind power technology and research and development. This integrated assessment suggests why and where wind power may be developed.
Receipt of Social Needs Assistance and Health Center Patient Experience of Care.

Introduction Community health centers often screen for and address patients’ unmet social needs. This study examines the degree to which community health center patients report receiving social needs assistance and compares measures of access and quality between patients who received assistance versus similar patients who did not. Methods A nationally representative sample of 4,699 nonelderly adults receiving care at community health centers from the 2014–2015 Health Resources and Services Administration Health Center Patient Survey was used, representing 12.6 million patients. The exposure—having “received social needs assistance”—was based on whether a patient received any community health center assistance accessing social programs (e.g., applying for government benefits) or basic needs (e.g., obtaining transportation, housing, food). Using logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weights, outcomes for patients who received social needs assistance with similar patients who did not were compared. Study outcomes, reported as absolute adjusted differences, included reporting a community health center as a usual source of care, reporting the emergency department as a usual source of care, perceived quality of care, and willingness to recommend the community health center to others. Data were analyzed in 2020. Results Of the sample, 36% reported receiving social needs assistance, where the most common form of assistance was applying for government benefits. Relative to similar patients who did not receive social needs assistance, patients receiving assistance were significantly more likely to report a community health center as their usual source of care (adjusted difference=7.2 percentage points, 95% CI=2.2, 12.1) and to report perceived quality of care as “the best” (adjusted difference=11.1, 95% CI=5.4, 16.9). They were significantly less likely to report the emergency department as their usual source of care (adjusted difference= −4.2, 95% CI= −7.0, −1.3). Conclusions As community health centers and other providers consider providing social needs assistance to patients, these results suggest that doing so may be associated with improved access to and quality of care.
210-LB: Exploring Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Mental Illness: Antipsychotic Drugs Alter Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)–Associated Human and Mouse Proteomes in the Absence of Weight Gain

Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AA) can cause rapid onset weight gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and NAFLD. Although AA metabolic effects are often associated with obesity, acute AA treatment can cause whole body and hepatic insulin resistance in the absence of weight gain pre-clinically, indicating mechanisms distinct from chronic obesogenic effects of AA. Our aim was to identify pathways involved in AA-associated side effects by correlating differentially expressed traits common to acute AA-exposed mice and drug-exposed human cells using a multi-omic approach. C57BL/6J mice fed chow were treated daily with low, clinically relevant doses of risperidone (RIS; 1 mg/kg BW), olanzapine (OLAN; 5 mg/kg BW) or drug vehicle (VEH; 0.1% acetic acid) for 28 days. Drug treatment had no effect on body weight gain vs. VEH (P>0.05); however, hepatic steatosis was readily observed. Proteomic signatures were generated from hearts and livers of each treatment group, and differentially expressed (DE) proteins (P Disclosure M. May: None. M. Beauchemin: None. C. Vary: None. C. Bouchard: None. K. L. Houseknecht: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK095143)
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after endovascular treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A pilot study.

ObjectivePost operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been widely observed after major surgery, particularly in elderly patients with general anesthesia (GA). However, a specific unanswered ques...
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase G894T, intron 4 VNTR, and T786C polymorphisms in retinopathy of prematurity.

BACKGROUND Our objective in this study was to assess the association between eNOS gene, that achieves synthesis of nitric oxide especially in the endothelial cells known to have an important role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, G894T, intron 4 VNTR (27-bp repeat) and T786C functional polymorphisms and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which is an important cause of morbidity in premature or low birth weight babies. METHODS A total of 139 babies who were followed up in our neonatal intensive care unit because of premature birth in our hospital or admitted to our unit. 69 of them had retinopathy of prematurity and comprised the patients group. The remaining 70 babies who did not have ROP comprised the control group. An additional of 1 ml of blood samples were drawn from babies who were in the study groups during routine laboratory analysis. eNOS gene polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS eNOS G894T, intron 4 VNTR and T786C gene polymorphisms did not differ between the patient and control groups (p > 0.05). Using logistic regression analysis; while gender did not differ between two groups; gestational age, birth weight, time on mechanical ventilation differ between two groups. After adjustment for variables other than eNOS gene polymorphisms, we found no significant difference in the genotype distribution of eNOS G894T, intron 4 VNTR and T786C polymorphisms (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed no association between ROP and eNOS gene polymorphisms but needs more investigation.
First observations and results from the Very-Low-Frequency Propagation Mapper (VPM) CubeSat mission

The Very-Low-Frequency Propagation Mapper (VPM) CubeSat was designed to observe VLF waves from Low-Earth Orbit. In particular, VPM uses a single-axis electric field antenna and a single magnetic search coil to measure VLF waves from 300 Hz to 40 kHz. Among the mission objectives, VPM was designed to detect and measure artificial VLF signals transmitted from the Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) mission in Medium-Earth Orbit. The VPM CubeSat was launched and commissioned in February 2020; it successfully collected electric field data for six months before communication with the spacecraft was lost.
The Chromatin State during Gonadal Sex Determination

At embryonic day (E) 10.5, prior to gonadal sex determination, XX and XY gonads are bipotential and able to differentiate into either a testis or an ovary. At this point, they are transcriptionally and morphologically indistinguishable. Sex determination begins around E11.5 in the mouse when the supporting cell lineage commits to either Sertoli or granulosa cell fate. Testis-specific factors such as SRY and SOX9 drive differentiation of bipotential-supporting cells into the Sertoli cell pathway, whereas ovary-specific factors like WNT4 and FOXL2 guide differentiation into granulosa cells. It is known that these 2 pathways are mutually antagonistic, and repression of the alternative fate is critical for maintenance of the testis or ovary programs. While we understand much about the transcription factor networks guiding the process of sex determination, it is only more recently that we have begun to understand how this process is epigenetically controlled. Studies in the past decade have demonstrated the importance of the chromatin state for gene expression and cell fate commitment, with histone modifications and DNA accessibility having a direct role in gene regulation. It is now clear that the chromatin state during sex determination is dynamic and likely critical for the establishment and/or maintenance of the transcriptional programs. Prior to sex determination, supporting cells have similar chromatin structure and histone modification profiles, reflecting the bipotential nature of these cells. After differentiation to Sertoli or granulosa cells, the chromatin state acquires sex-specific profiles. The proteins that regulate the deposition of histone modifications or the opening of compact chromatin likely play an important role in Sertoli and granulosa cell fate commitment and gonad development. Here, we describe studies profiling the chromatin state during gonadal sex determination and one example in which depletion of Cbx2, a member of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), causes male-to-female sex reversal due to a failure to repress the ovarian pathway.