cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An immunohistochemical study of fibrous papule of the nose: 25 cases.

Twenty-five cases of fibrous papule of the nose were studied by light microscopy and by immunohistochemistry using a panel of 4 cell markers. These included polyclonal antibodies against S100 protein and Factor XII-a (FXIII-a), and 2 monoclonal antibodies, MAC 387 which labels monocyte derived macrophage cells and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) a pan endothelial cell marker. An increase in the number of S100 protein positive cells, particularly in the upper dermis, was observed in 3 lesions. Melanin was identified in phagocytes in the superficial dermis in 6 lesions, including those with S100 protein positive cells. In all of the papules there was a marked increase in FXIII-a labelling of dendritic connective tissue cells, including spindle, stellate and multinucleate stellate cells. Immunoreactivity with FXIII-a was especially strong in the increased mononuclear dendritic cell population (<80%) seen in the mid-and upper dermis. However, only 15% of the larger multinucleate stellate cells were immunostained with FXIII-a. The results achieved with markers to the macrophage cell series (MAC 387) or endothelial cells (UEA-1) showed no significant increase in labelling of the dermal cell population compared to normal skin taken from the nose. Our study suggests that fibrous papule of the nose, a lesion of uncertain histogenesis, probably represents a proliferative reactive process consisting mainly of dermal dendritic cells as identified by FXIII-a in most of the lesions. There is some evidence that a small percentage of the dendritic cells may represent involuted that a small percentage of the dendritic cells may represent involuted naevi and be of melanocytic origin.
Building Collaborative Mental Health Teams in Schools Through MFT School Certification: Initial Findings

Building collaborative multidisciplinary mental health teams to boost student achievement has been a growing initiative in American schools since the 1970s. Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs)joined those teams in 2008, when Connecticut became the first state to certify MFTs for schoolbased practice. This article chronicles the history of that collaboration and reports initial research into MFT school-based participation on those teams.
Ten criticisms of parry

Much of the Artificial Intelligence community is now aware of a computer simulation of paranoid processes developed by the Colby group at Stanford. The model (called PARRY) has been available for interviewing on the ARPA network and thousands of interviews have been conducted with several versions of the model. During the long period of development of the model, we have been aware of the limitations of various alternative programming approaches to designing an algorithm capable of conducting useful non-trivial dialogue in natural language. Colleagues, associates, and students have volunteered a number of criticisms of the model. Since criticisms can be endless, I shall restrict the discussion to only those which we consider serious, reasoned, and well-founded.
PMNs primed for superoxide release and increased CD11b expression do not sequester in normal lung.

Our previous work has implicated platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced neutrophil (PMN) priming and increased CD11b/CD18 receptor expression in the pathogenesis of lung injury following gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this model CDllb blockade abrogates lung injury but does not alter PMN priming or pulmonary leukosequestration. We, therefore, hypothesized that PAF-stimulated PMN priming and CD11b expression are insufficient to promote lung PMN sequestration. Normal rat PMNs, labeled with 51 Cr, were incubated with PAF (10 ng/ml) to induce priming for superoxide (O 2 -) generation and enhance CDllb expression. Gut I/R animals underwent superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 45 min. 51 Cr-labeled PMNs (2 X 10 7 ) were injected iv. Study groups, consisting of (a) normal/control, (b) sham/laparotomy, and (c) gut I/R, were given either normal or PAF-treated PMNs. PAF-primed PMNs had increased 2 - release and CDllb expression, but did not sequester in the lungs of normal rats. However, following gut I/R PAF-treated PMNs sequestered in the pulmonary bed. These data suggest that PAF priming for O 2 - generation and increased CDllb expression are insufficient alone to promote PMN sequestration in the lung. Rather, additional factors generated by gut I/R are necessary for this process. © 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
A Review of Managerial Skills Training in the Classroom

Courses designed specifically to develop students’ managerial skills began to emerge in the 1980s, in response to criticism of the theoretical and quantitative orientation of business school coursework. Since then, a number of management textbooks focusing on skills-based learning have been published, and many instructors have become acquainted with both the benefits and challenges of adopting these approaches in their classrooms. This article reviews the literature on teaching managerial skills, including its history, foundation in learning theory, course design issues, and unique challenges. The overall purpose is to provide a comprehensive guide for instructors interested in offering a managerial skills course for the first time or those seeking to refresh an existing one.
The growing business of human trafficking and the power of emergency nurses to stop it.

any other time in history. 1 Although exact numbers are difficult to determine, slavery is well known to be a global problem of significant magnitude. Modern-day slavery, known as human trafficking (HT), focuses on large profits and cheap lives. It is an unimaginable abuse of human rights that shatters victims both physically and psychologically, as it undermines the health and safety of all communities it touches. Although most of its victims have little or no access to health care, almost 30% will end up somewhere within the health care system seeking treatment for illnesses or injuries sustained while in captivity. Tragically, the majority of these individuals will not be recognized as victims of trafficking and therefore will not receive appropriate interventions to help them escape and reintegrate back into society. 2 Emergency nurses are often the first health care professionals to interact with victims because the brutal nature of the business frequently leaves these victims with life-threatening injuries. As frontline caregivers, these nurses are also the link between victims and other service providers, making it necessary for the nurses to be skilled in identifying victims, providing appropriate interventions, and working collaboratively with other agencies to protect victims from further harm. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of emergency nurses when confronted with potential victims of HT. Although some people may find this article disturbing, the reality of this heinous business and its effects on humanity must be exposed if victims are to be saved. Overview of HT
PATH INTEGRAL METHODS OF POSITRON ANNIHILATION

The problem of computing the properties of a low mass quantum particle in equilibrium in a disordered medium is considered. With the advancement of computational speed, statistical methods for sampling a complex phase space are now viable. The Feynman-Kac path integral establishes a connection between a quantum particle and classical polymer consisting of p atoms. This allows the computation of quantum mechanical equilibrium values using well known methods devised for classical systems. Here we review the application of the path integral to the computation the properties of thermalized positron and positronium and introduce some new directions of investigation.
The author cocitation structure of macroeconomics

Cocitations of the work of 42 prominent macroeconomists (past and present) were examined, using multidimensional scaling and clustering techniques. Author clusters, corresponding primarily to current schools of thought in macroeconomics, are arranged along two dimensions of scholarly style; 1) a relative orientation toward quantitative or mathematical models and issues and 2) a continuum of active concern with older scholarship in the field. Social relationships demonstrated by these techniques include joint journal editorship, mentor-student links and institutional affiliation. New to this study is evidence of the cocitation of prominent authors as ‘concept symbols’.
Performance of recently developed kinetic energy density functionals for the calculation of hydrogen binding strengths and hydrogen-bonded structures

The accuracy of predicted hydrogen binding energies and equilibrium structures for a benchmark set of molecules is compared for some recently developed density functionals, Becke's three parameter hybrid method with the Lee, Yang, and Parr (LYP) correlation functional (B3LYP), Becke's half and half functional combined with the LYP correlation functional (BHLYP), Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof functional (PBE), Van Voorhis, Scuseria exchange correlation functional (VSXC), the hybrid Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof functional (PBE1PBE), and meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA). Overall, the hybrid functionals which contain a portion of Hartree–Fock exchange (B3LYP, BHLYP, and PBE1PBE) yield the most accurate results. The kinetic-energy-density-dependent functionals, VSXC and meta-GGA, are significantly less accurate.
Computer based methodology for construction of orthodontic arch wire templates.

Abstract This paper presents the details and logic of two Fortran computer programs. The program, BRACKET, is designed to evaluate the constant relationship among teeth and orthodontic brackets to which an arch wire is adapted. The program, WIRE, is used to initially fit brackets to teeth using the constants derived in BRACKETS, based upon a series of orthogonal transformations. Subsequently, an orthodontic arch wire is fitted through the brackets, and the results are displayed using computer graphics. It is anticipated that the system would be useful in the orthodontic clinical setting as an aid in arch wire formation. The graphics produce a template which incorporates essential points to consider in arch wire formation, namely, perimeter length, lateral widths, symmetry, and appropriate arch form for the patient.
Are teachers who need sustained, content-focused professional development getting it? An Administrator's dilemma

Purpose:Policymakers and administrators are increasingly focusing on professional development as a means to improve teaching quality. In this study, the authors examine whether professional development in mathematics is primarily performing an educative function by addressing weak teacher preparation, or a catalytic function by serving mainly teachers who already have a strong content knowledge of mathematics.Methods:The data used are from the teacher surveys completed for the 2000 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The analysis is conducted using multinomial logit results transformed into relative risk ratios that indicate the relative odds that a teacher will participate in sustained, medium-length or brief (mathematics)content-focused professional development.Findings:The results indicate that teachers with strong content knowledge in mathematics—measured by type of degree in mathematics and self-reported preparedness to teach different topics in mathematics—are more likely to take sus...
Nanoscale Additives Tailor Energetic Materials

The effect of anatase, rutile, and amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles on the combustion of solid rocket propellant was investigated. Each additive increased the burning rate of propellant strands by 30%. Typical fast-burning propellants are unstable due to oversensitivity to pressure variations, but the anatase additive yielded propellants with high yet stable burning rates over a broad pressure range. Anatase nanoparticles also catalyzed the high-temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, a key component of solid propellant.
A longitudinal test of angular remodeling in the tibia.

After superimposing earlier and later tibial radiographs on the same proximal and distal lines of increased density in boys and girls 1.0 through 18.0 years, it was possible to show that angular axial remodeling is an uncommon feature at most.
The safety implications of vehicle seat adjustments.

Abstract Introduction The goal of this study was to gather information on the preferred front seat position of vehicle occupants and to determine the impact of variation in seat position on safety during crashes. Method The study evaluated the relationship between seat position and occupant size using the chi-square test and compared the risk of severe injury for small females and large males with regard to forward and rearward seat position using logistic regression. Results While smaller drivers sat closer to the steering wheel than larger drivers, front passengers of all sizes used similar seat positions. Additionally, the risk of injury was higher for small, unbelted females in rearward seat positions and large males (belted and unbelted) in forward seat positions. Conclusions Occupants who adjust their seats to positions that are not consistent with required federal tests are at a greater risk for severe injury in a crash.
Left bundle branch block and abnormal left axis deviation without left anterior hemiblock

Electrocardiograms of 3 patients with complete left bundle branch block and left axis deviation of ÂQRS greater than −30° in the frontal plane, who had either intermittent normal intraventricular conduction or restoration of normal intraventricular conduction within 12 hours of complete left bundle branch block, are presented. None of the 3 patients had abnormal left axis deviation during normal intraventricular conduction. These findings suggest that left axis deviation of ÂQRS greater than −30° in patients with left bundle branch block is not reliable evidence for block within the anterior fascicles of the left bundle in addition to block of the left main bundle.
How shelter counselors' views about responsibility for wife abuse relate to services they provide to battered women

A survey of shelter counselors found their views of responsibility for wife abuse were significantly related to their: (a) support of a battered woman's decision to remain married, and (b) belief that battering husbands can stop being abusive. Counselors who viewed the husband and wife as equally responsible for wife abuse were the most supportive of a woman's decision to remain married and were most likely to believe that batterers are able to stop being abusive. Counselors who viewed the batterer as completely responsible for wife abuse were more likely to encourage battered women who want to remain married to end their marriage, and believe batterers are unable to stop being abusive.
Using a GPS data set to examine the effects of the built environment along commuting routes on travel outcomes

Although extensive research has investigated how the built environment near people’s homes and work places influence automobile travel behavior, little is known about how commuting routes affect travel outcomes. This article presents a methodology that addresses this question by examining the correlation between built environment along commuting routes and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and fuel consumption for nonwork automobile travel. Using a global positioning systems (GPS) data set collected from automobile trips of 46 drivers from the southeast Michigan area over a 30-day time frame, this study identifies the actual commuting routes for all drivers and derives their fuel consumption for nonwork travel. Although statistically significant relationships are not found between route environments and nonwork VMT and fuel consumption, this study is unique in its focus on the commuting routes and in establishing a methodology for using GPS data in transportation and land-use research, and it offers suggestions for refining the modeling of travel behavior along commuting routes.
Reasons for change propagation: a case study in an automotive OEM

This paper focuses on identifying the reasons for change propagation during the production phase of the product life cycle. Unlike the traditional change propagation study where the focus is within the product, this study is focused to understand the propagation effects of change on other functional silos in the manufacturing firm. First, the reasons for the changes are identified using archival analysis through which it is found that 77.0 % of changes are due to internal reasons while 23.0 % are external. Second, these changes are distinguished into genesis, and propagated changes using a matrix-based modeling approach from which the reasons for propagation are identified. It is inferred that 32.4 % of the total changes are due to propagated changes such as inventory issues, manufacturing issues, and design error rectification. The majority of reasons for these propagated changes include document error rectification such as BOM error, drawing error, incorrect introduction date in engineering change note, and design error rectification such as design limitations. The findings indicate nearly one-third of time spent by the engineers can be reduced by developing appropriate controls during the change release process.
Near-infrared spectral tomography integrated with digital breast tomosynthesis: effects of tissue scattering on optical data acquisition design.

Purpose: Design optimization and phantom validation of an integrated digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) system targeting improvement in sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection is presented. Factors affecting instrumentation design include minimization of cost, complexity, and examination time while maintaining high fidelity NIRST measurements with sufficient information to recover accurate optical property maps. Methods: Reconstructed DBT slices from eight patients with abnormal mammograms provided anatomical information for the NIRST simulations. A limited frequency domain (FD) and extensive continuous wave (CW) NIRST system was modeled. The FD components provided tissue scattering estimations used in the reconstruction of the CW data. Scattering estimates were perturbed to study the effects on hemoglobin recovery. Breast mimicking agar phantoms with inclusions were imaged using the combined DBT/NIRST system for comparison with simulation results. Results: Patient simulations derived from DBT images show successful reconstruction of both normal and malignant lesions in the breast. They also demonstrate the importance of accurately quantifying tissue scattering. Specifically, 20% errors in optical scattering resulted in 22.6% or 35.1% error in quantification of total hemoglobin concentrations, depending on whether scattering was over- or underestimated, respectively. Limited frequency-domain optical signal sampling provided two regions scattering estimates (for fat and fibroglandular tissues) that led to hemoglobin concentrations that reduced the error in the tumor region by 31% relative to when a single estimate of optical scattering was used throughout the breast volume of interest. Acquiring frequency-domain data with six wavelengths instead of three did not significantly improve the hemoglobin concentration estimates. Simulation results were confirmed through experiments in two-region breast mimicking gelatin phantoms. Conclusions: Accurate characterization of scattering is necessary for quantification of hemoglobin. Based on this study, a system design is described to optimally combine breast tomosynthesis with NIRST.
What Should Our Public Choose? The Debate Over School Choice Policy

In 1990, 36 governorships, 6,257 other state offices, 34 Senate seats, and every seat in the U.S. House of Representatives are up for election. The officials who are up for election will be making decisions critical to the child care, health, child welfare, education, and safety of children in every state and nationality. No other decisions are more important to the American future.
Influence of the renal excretion of sodium chloride upon the renal excretion of magnesium and other ions by human subjects.

ABSTRACT Alterations in the rate of urinary excretion of magnesium in human receiving a constant diet are consistently produced by imposing conditions resulting in pronounced changes inthe rate of urinary excretion of sodium and chloride. Diminished urinary salt excretion, whether occurring as a result of reduced salt intake or of increased adrenocortical activity, is accompanied by diminished urinary magnesium excretion, and augmented urinary salt excretion produced by withdrawal of exogenous or endogenous adrenocortical hormones is accompanied by increased urinary magnesium excretion. Prevention of the usual effect of diminished adrenocortical activity upon urinary sodium chloride excretion also prevents its effect upon urinary magnesium excretion. Moreover, the effect of salt restriction upon urinary magnesium is equally great in normal subjects or in severely adrenal-deficient patients. Therefore adrenocortical hormones affect urinary magnesium excretion as a consequence of affecting urinary sodium ch...
Function and operation of the cockroach salivary reservoir.

Abstract The duct topography and morphology of the salivary systems of representatives of Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae were studied and the amylase activity and factors influencing reservoir filling in Periplaneta americana (L.) investigated. Contrary to previous reports, muscles do serve the salivary reservoir and, depending on the species, act as occlusors and/or compressors. Amylase was found in reservoir contents. Ligation and blocking of duct connexions between the glandular portions and the reservoirs prevented reservoir filling, indicating that the source of reservoir contents is the glandular portion. Reservoir filling depended on the availability of water. It is concluded that the primary function of the salivary reservoir is to store salivary secretion for moistening and digesting food. Secondarily, when water is not available, the reservoir contents serve to partially satisfy the water requirements of the cockroach.
Dynamic balancing of the dual nature of HIF-1alpha for cell survival.

In hypoxic cells, HIF-1alpha escapes from oxygen-dependent proteolysis and binds to the hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) for transcriptional activation of target genes involved in angiogenesis and glycolysis. We recently demonstrated that the G1 checkpoint gene p21cip1 is activated by HIF-1alpha with a novel mechanism that involves the HIF-1alpha PAS domains to displace Myc binding from p21cip1 promoter. This HIF-1alpha–Myc pathway may account for upregulation and downregulation of other hypoxia-responsive genes that lack the HRE. Moreover, the role of HIF-1alpha in cell cycle control indicates a dual, yet seemingly conflicting, nature of HIF-1alpha: promoting cell growth and arrest in concomitance. We speculate that a dynamic balance between the two processes is achieved by a “stop-and-go” strategy to maintain cell growth and survival. Tumor cells may adopt such scheme to evade the killing by chemotherapeutic agents.
Measurement of postvoid residual urine with portable transabdominal bladder ultrasound scanner and urethral catheterization.

The study was a clinical series of 95 ambulatory women with urinary incontinence. After voiding, each subject was scanned with a BladderScan BVI 2500, then catheterized for postvoid residual (PVR) and then scanned again. The mean PVR obtained by ultrasound was 49 ml, significantly larger than the mean PVR of 32 ml obtained by catheterization. Correlation analysis showed that the difference was not related to age, weight, body mass index, parity, pelvic prolapse or prior incontinence surgery, but was associated with prior hysterectomy and uterine prolapse. Regression analysis revealed that the difference was independently related to prior hysterectomy only. Postcatheterization ultrasound detected a mean of 22 ml, suggesting that the difference between the PVR values may be due to residual urine not removed by catheterization. Finally, ultrasound had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.5% in detecting PVR ≥100 ml. Portable ultrasound scanners are quick, easy to use, reasonably sensitive, and very specific for determining elevated PVR.
Efficient Creation of Laser Initiated, RF Sustained Atmospheric Pressure Range Plasmas

Summary form only given. We examine 193 nm (6.4 eV) UV photon ionization of low ionization level (6.1 eV) seed (15 mtorr) gas to reduce the power levels for radio frequency (RF) sustainment of large volume (500-2500 cc), high density (1012-13/cc), atmospheric pressure range (50-760 torr) plasmas. These plasmas have potential applications in the areas of biological decontamination, radar absorption, thin films and processing of industrial materials. We have demonstrated the use of UV seeded plasma as a load for efficient inductive coupling at lower RF powers in argon. The tetrakis (dimethylamino) ethylene (TMAE), laser-initiated seed plasma recombination rates and observation of substantial delay in addition to direct ionization processes have been characterized in air and other gases. Current research is focused on the temporal measurement and matching of the laser and RF plasma load to the inductive helical antenna to produce high density, large volume plasmas. Time resolved antenna impedance and RF power measurements are performed to improve matching and determine the characteristics of the laser-ionized and radio frequency sustained plasma. In addition, millimeter-wave interferometry and optical emission spectroscopy diagnostics are used to determine the spatial and temporal plasma constituents. The addition of small concentrations (~2%) of hydrogen and measurements of line broadening are used together with the other diagnostics to determine the spatial and temporal plasma temperature, density, and recombination rates immediately after the rapid shut off of RF power
Impact of Pendant 1,2,3-Triazole on the Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene-Based Polymers

π-Conjugated moieties are often attached to conjugated polymers to systematically alter their electronic properties. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of a thiophene polymer bearing a triazole moiety in the third position. Through NMR-based quenching studies, we show that the placement of the triazole moiety alters reaction pathway of the Ni(0)-mediated Grignard metathesis polymerization possibly through chelation. When compared with a triazole on the main chain, the pendant triazole moiety acts as an electron donor and lowers the band gap of the polymer. The triazole moiety also does not hinder the packing of the conjugated backbone. We also show that the fluorescence of this polymer is quenched with PCBM, indicating its potential as a candidate for organic photovoltaic devices.
Fate of the anterior neural ridge and the morphogenesis of the xenopus forebrain

The fate of the anterior neural ridge was studied by following the relative movements of simultaneous spot applications of DiI and DiO from stage 15 through stage 45. These dye movements were mapped onto the neuroepithelium of the developing brain whose shape was gleaned from whole-mount in situs to neural cell adhesion molecule and dissections of the developing nervous system. The result is a model of the cell movements that drive the morphogenesis of the forebrain. The midanterior ridge moves inside and drops down along the most anterior wall of the neural tube. It then pushes forward a bit, rotates ventrally during forebrain flexing, and gives rise to the chiasmatic ridge and anterior hypothalamus. The midanterior plate drops, forming the floor of the forebrain ventricle, and, keeping its place behind the ridge, it gives rise to the posterior hypothalamus or infundibulum. The midlateral anterior ridge slides into the lateral anterior wall of the neural tube and stretches laterally into the optic stalk and retina, and then rotates into a ventral position. The lateral anterior ridge converges to the most anterior part of the dorsal midline during neural tube closure, then rotates anteriorly, and gives rise to telencephalic structures. Whole-mount bromodeoxyuridine labeling at these stages showed that cell division is widespread and relatively uniform throughout the brain during the late neurula and early tailbud stages, but that during late tailbud stages cell division becomes restricted to specific proliferative zones. We conclude that the early morphogenesis of the brain is carried out largely by choreographed cell movements and that later morphogenesis depends on spatially restricted patterns of cell division. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rethinking desertification - what do we know and what have we learned

Abstract From its origin as a major development and environment issue following the Sahelian drouht and famine in the early 1970s, desertification become a topic of great interest for the United Nations, governments of developing countries, and research scientists. Recent reviews of the desertification phenomenon, however, call into question the “conventional wisdom” regarding the extent of this environment problem. The “revisionist critique” addresses several concerns about the science, scope, and scale of global desertification. Several lessons are drawn from the emerging reassessment of global desertification.
A New Tableau Representation for Supersymmetric Schur Functions

Abstract We give a new tableau definition for supersymmetric skew Schur functions, and obtain a number of properties of these functions as easy corollaries.
Gas phase photodissociation spectrum of Cl−2

Abstract Photoinduced reactions of Cl − 2 have been examined in the gas phase using ion cyclotron resonance techniques. The molecular ion is observed to undergo photodissociation in preference to photodetachment. The photodissociation spectrum exhibits one broad peak in the wavelength region 220–700 nm, with a maximum λ max = 350 ± 10 nm, which can be attributed to the 2 Σ + u → 2 Σ + g transition. This spectrum is compared to absorption spectra of Cl − 2 obtained in solid state environments.
Calorimetric and thermodynamic analysis of palladium-deuterium electrochemical cells

An analysis is made of the chemical heats liberated from a palladium-deuterium electrochemical cell operating inside a calorimeter. It is important, in such an analysis, to carefully identify the chemical and electrochemical sources of heat, before any “excess heats” can be ascribed to non-chemical reactions.(1) The calorimeter measures the enthalpy (ΔHr) of the reaction; whereas, the electrochemical voltage of the cell reflects the free energy (ΔGr) of the reaction within the Pd-D electrolysis cell. The heat energy from the calorimeter cell therefore doesnot equal the electrical energy supplied to the cell, as might initially be expected. The magnitudes of the differing calorimetric and electrochemical energies were found to be related through the “thermoneutral potential” (ξH) of the electrochemical reaction. The chemical heat theoretically expected from the calorimeter is given by (1) I(ξL-ξH), the cell current (I), multiplied by the difference between the operating cell voltage (ξL) and the thermoneutral potential (ξH), rather than (2) IξL, the electrical input power. This was verified empirically using a freon vaporization calorimeter, which operates on the principle of accurate measurement of the vaporization rate of liquid freon which completely surrounds the electrochemical cell. The calorimetrically-measured heats observed from a Pt/D2O, 0.1M LiOD/Pd electrochemical cell were within 2% of the thermoneutral potential predicted value, I(ξL-ξH); but were found to be 15–30% less than the electrical work supplied to the cell, IξL. Measurements of D2O consumed by the cell reactions also verified that essentially no significant recombination of D2 and O2 gases occurred within the cell. No “excess heats” were observed from this Pd cell during the 36 days of its electrolytic operation. Likewise, no increase in the neutron flux around the cell was found, using three3He radiation detectors.
Evaluation of methoprene alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth to control Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on stored wheat

A series of experiments were conducted in which different formulations of the insect growth regulator methoprene were evaluated for control of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the lesser grain borer, a major internal insect pest of stored wheat. In the first test, application rates of 10-ppm R;S-methoprene (a racemic mixture of the R and S isomers of methoprene) and 1 and 5-ppm S-methoprene (S-isomer only) gave 100% suppression of F1 adult progeny of R. dominica for 24 weeks. In the second test, adult R. dominica were exposed at 27 � C and 32 � C, 57% and 75% relative humidity (r.h.) on untreated wheat and wheat treated with 1- to 10-ppm S-methoprene dust. Survival after a 3-week exposure decreased with increasing concentration of dust, and ranged from 69% to 99%, but no F1 adult progeny were produced in treated wheat. In the final test, concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 ppm S-methoprene EC were combined with concentrations of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ppm of the commercial diatomaceous earth (DE) ProtectIt s . Within each methoprene concentration, survival generally decreased with increasing concentration of DE, and was generally greater at 75% than at 57% r.h. Only the wheat treated with 0-ppm methoprene contained an appreciable number of F1 adults. In summary, both the dust and EC formulations of Smethoprene gave 100% suppression of F1 adult progeny R. dominica at application rates of 1 ppm, and combination treatments involving reduced rates of methoprene and DE gave effective control of R. dominica.
An active semiconductor tunable-shape optical filter and delay line

We present a novel active semiconductor optical filter consisting of a curved-waveguide distributed-feedback (DFB) section and a phase-shifter section with a highly reflective coating. Separate electrical contacts to the DFB and phase-shifter sections allow independent tuning of the gain and the phase accumulated through the structure. The waveguide curvature forms an additional cavity, leading to interesting and controllable coupled-cavity effects. We show experimental and theoretical transmission properties of this filter operating with fixed gain in the DFB and current-controlled absorption in the phase-shifter and suggest potential applications to active filter control and tunable optical delay lines.
Gill surface area and metabolic enzyme activities of demersal fishes associated with the oxygen minimum zone off California

Metabolic enzyme activities and gill surface areas were measured across 10 species of demersal fishes from Monterey Canyon, California, which features a prominent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Comparisons were made between species living both within and outside of the OMZ. Enzyme activities showed no significant trend toward aerobic suppression or heightened reliance on anaerobic metabolism in response to the OMZ. While flatfish species living both within and outside of the OMZ had similarly low enzyme activities, the OMZ-dwelling Microstomus pacificus had 1.8–3 times larger gill surface area than comparably sized flatfishes from higher-oxygen waters, suggesting a morphological adaptation to low oxygen. In scorpaeniform fishes, high aerobic metabolism was accompanied by large gill surface areas in two routine-swimming OMZ-dwelling species (Anoplopoma fimbria and Careproctus melanurus). Low aerobic activities and small gills were found in two Sebastolobus species, suggesting a low oxygen demand resulting from a more sedentary behavior compared to other Scorpaeniformes. In gadiform fishes, no differences were measured in enzyme activity levels, but larger gill surface areas were measured in OMZdwelling Nezumia liolepis. These results indicate adaptation to low oxygen in a variety of ways that balance oxygen demand with supply, with no indication that these species rely on enhanced anaerobic metabolism. With both flatfishes and rattails, adaptation to OMZs is demonstrated through increased gill surface area. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are midwater regions (200–1000 m) where dissolved oxygen levels are reduced by an order of magnitude relative to waters above and below the OMZ core, defined by a concentration of . 0.5 mL O2
Neonatal carotid repair at ECMO decannulation: patency rates and early neurologic outcomes

Purpose Neonates placed on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) undergo either carotid repair or ligation at decannulation. Study aims were to evaluate carotid patency rates after repair and to compare early neurologic outcomes between repaired and ligated patients.
Maintaining hospital quality. The need for international cooperation.

NOT long ago, hospitals were considered places to die. More recently, with the introduction of modern surgery and medication, hospitals became safe places in which many people obtained substantial benefit. Today, hospitals are perceived from conflicting perspectives. On the one hand, they are places where lives are saved. On the other hand, they are places where enormous amounts of money are spent and the cost-effectiveness of these expenditures is being questioned, and where some "care" provided there is of no benefit or even harmful. These latter perceptions have led some governments to reduce the growth in hospital funding. This, in turn, has led to unnecessary deaths, increased complication rates, and long waits for elective surgical procedures that are performed to alleviate pain and improve functional status. Hospital quality could decline further if changes in health policy do not explicitly attempt to maintain it. 1,2 While the perception of the hospital's
The relationship between social support, depression and treatment for depression in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background Studies have been fairly consistent in finding a relationship between social support and depression. However, little is known about the relationship between depression and social support in the context of treatment for depression. This study examined the effects of treatment for depression on social support among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method Sixty-three moderately depressed MS patients received 16 weeks of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), supportive expressive group psychotherapy (SEGP) or sertraline. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory and social support was measured using Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule. Results Treatment for depression was associated with significant increases in perceived social support, utilized social support and satisfaction with support, as well as reduction in need for emotional support. There were no significant changes in structural support or need for physical support. There were also no differences in change in social support across treatments. All changes in social support were fully explained by depression. Improvements in utilized social support and satisfaction with social support were fully mediated by improvements in depression. Baseline depression predicted improvements in perceived support and need for emotional support. Conclusions These findings suggest that improvements in social support among MS patients during treatment for depression can be explained by depression. However, different domains of social support may be differentially sensitive to changes in depression.
Fractional optics for image processing and measurement

Fractional optics involves the study of optical phenomena with fractional orders, for example, fractional Fourier transforms and fractional vortices. We review our work on the applications of fractional optics in image processing and measurement.
Towards social imagematics: sentiment analysis in social multimedia

Online social networks have attracted attention of people from both the academia and real world. In particular, the rich multimedia information accumulated in recent years provides an easy and convenient way for more active communication between people. This offers an opportunity to research people's behaviors and activities based on those multimedia content, which can be considered as social imagematics. One emerging area is driven by the fact that these massive multimedia data contain people's daily sentiments and opinions. However, existing sentiment analysis typically only pays attention to the textual information regardless of the visual content, which may be more informative in expressing people's sentiments and opinions. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the online sentiment changes of social media users using both the textual and visual content. In particular, we analyze the sentiment changes of Twitter users using both textual and visual features. An empirical study of real Twitter data sets indicates that the sentiments expressed in textual content and visual content are correlated. The preliminary results in this paper give insight into the important role of visual content in online social media.
Assessing Ethnic Beliefs Beforehand

To achieve the behavioral objective of developing positive attitudes toward an ethnic group, the instructor must first ascertain what entry beliefs his students have. This study sought to create an easy method for establishing the rank order of beliefs about Germans. Forty-nine high school subjects, using selfreport, generated a final scale of twenty-three statements. Two themes dominated the scale: forgiveness of the past German generation and tolerance for the present one. Some old stereotypes disappeared. Follow-up analysis of individual beliefs revealed inaccurate cultural and historical in formation and prejudice among subjects. Implications for instruction are that German teachers need to address the strong interest in the history of the Nazi period and to update political misconceptions about Germany.
Heterogeneous Design Optimization From the Microstructure

Designers have for some time had powerful tools that allow optimization of geometric design using, for example, parametric design techniques. However, these optimization strategies utilize an incomplete model in the design process. An assumption often made throughout the design process is that the material properties are homogeneous. However, it is recognized that engineered materials may have significant non-homogeneity, which often manifests itself in an undesirable manner (e.g. in the heat affected zone). In an ideal world, the non-homogeneity could be used to improve a design. A designer would have full control over the heterogeneous design of a product, being enabled to optimize both the material properties and geometry concurrently. Recent developments in microstructure sensitive design (MSD) have now made the problem of optimizing over both geometry and material structure accessible. The inverse problem of designing material to achieve desired properties is being tackled. The latest techniques allow a designer to search the property closures of materials for the optimum theoretical microstructures. Furthermore, work has started in terms of linking the space of theoretical microstructures with manufacturing techniques that are currently available for manipulation of the microstructure of polycrystalline materials. This paper demonstrates how the latest available MSD tools may be applied to the design process. A curved rod is optimized to maintain certain critical physical properties, while meeting certain geometrical criteria. The result is a local reduction in radius of 20% without significant reduction in properties. While the manufacturability of this particular case study is not specifically addressed, the potential future directions for such design tools are discussed and some practicalities in terms of bridging the gap between theoretical microstructures and available materials are reviewed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effect of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition on Methotrexate Pharmacokinetics

Methotrexate toxicity is increased in protein-calorie malnutrition. The influence of protein-calorie malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics and binding of methotrexate (MTX) and the formation of its major hepatic metabolite, 7-hydroxy-methotrexate was examined in 30 adult, female Lewis rats. Animals were randomized to receive either a standard diet (22.0% protein; 4.20 kcal/g) or a protein-depleted diet (PD) (0.03% protein; 4.27 kcal/g) ad libitum for 35 days. Animals were then separated into two groups for either methotrexate pharmacokinetics (n = 20) or serum protein binding (n = 10) studies. The mean weight loss in the PD group was 26% of their initial body weight, as compared with a 29% weight gain in the control group. In the protein binding study, a significant decrease in serum albumin (19%), uncorrected creatinine clearance (38%), and free fraction of MTX (15%) was found in the PD group. All animals in the pharmacokinetic study received a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (10 mg/kg), and serum MTX and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate concentrations were determined using a specific, reversed phase, high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The mean AUC0-3 in the PD group was 43.6 +/- 3.9 micrograms/mL per hour compared with 15.8 +/- 1.1 micrograms/mL per hour in the control group (p < .001). The time to peak and the peak serum concentrations were significantly greater in the PD animals, which indicated delayed absorption and clearance. These results suggest that the increase in MTX toxicity observed in protein-calorie malnutrition is associated with a decrease in MTX clearance, and is not related to changes in protein binding or formation of 7-hydroxy-methotrexate.
Modified Panovko's method for vibration analysis of a structural element with different tension and compression behavior

Abstract Some aspects of non-linear free vibration of structures behaving dissimilarly in tension and in compression are elucidated. It is shown that, for bimodular structures, the character of the vibration is governed by the position of the breakpoint in the restoring force versus displacement graph: when the breakpoint is outside the co-ordinate origin, the vibration is non-isochronous, i.e., dependent on the non-linear vibration amplitude; when the breakpoint is at the origin, there is no such dependence. An exact solution is given for the case in which the graph consists of a straight-line portion and a cubic-curve portion. In addition, for both problems mentioned, a bilinear approximation is used in conjunction with a modification of Panovko's direct linearization method. This modification both retains the non-isochronicity property and agrees quite well with the exact solution.