cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of life among long-term survivors of head and neck cancer treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Importance Radiation therapy to the head and neck has traditionally been associated with adverse effects that can affect oral health and physical functioning. Although intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has been widely adopted as a means of decreasing toxic effects, limited clinical data exist on its potential effect on long-term quality of life. Objective To analyze quality of life among long-term survivors of head and neck cancer treated with IMRT. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis studied 50 consecutive long-term survivors of head and neck cancer from a comprehensive cancer center who had previously undergone IMRT that required bilateral neck irradiation for locally advanced disease. All patients were clinically without evidence of recurrent disease and had at least 5 years of follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures The University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) scores were reviewed for all study participants. The UW-QOL questionnaire consists of 12 domains that pertain to the degree of quality of life in the categories of pain, appearance, activity, recreation, swallowing, chewing, speech, shoulder function, taste, saliva, mood, and anxiety. Results Five years after completion of IMRT, 42 patients (84%) reported that their health-related quality of life was “much better” or “somewhat better” than at the time of cancer diagnosis. With respect to recent health-related quality of life during the preceding 7 days at the time of completing the UW-QOL questionnaire, 40 patients (80%) treated with IMRT reported “outstanding” or “very good” levels of functioning. Five years after completion of treatment, 41 (82%) rated their overall quality of life as “outstanding” or “very good.” The lowest domain score on the UW-QOL questionnaire at 5 years pertained to salivary dysfunction. However, 42 patients (84%) reported saliva “of normal consistency” or “less saliva than normal but enough” compared with 8 (16%) reporting “too little saliva.” No patient reported having “no saliva.” Conclusions and Relevance Our findings add to the body of literature that supports the acceptance of IMRT as standard treatment for head and neck cancer. The fact that most 5-year survivors were satisfied with their quality of lives points to the ability of IMRT to preserve long-term functioning.
Trade policies and productivity change in semi-industrialized countries

The role of trade policies in increasing growth and efficiency has long been a major focus in the development literature. This paper examines the impact of different development strategies, especially export expansion and import substitution trade policies, on total factor productivity growth in the manufacturing industries. The analysis is based on recently developed data on sectoral total factor productivity in Korea, Turkey, and Yugoslavia, with Japan as a comparator. Our results indicate that there are important links between trade policies and industrial productivity performance.
Online Training for Teachers Delivering Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions

This study investigated the perceived feasibility and pattern of implementation following an online training for teachers delivering an integrated intervention encompassing two school-based universal preventive interventions: Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum and the PAX Good Behavior Game (GBG). Forty-five teachers from three urban elementary schools completed an online training consisting of didactics and video demonstration and received in-person coaching across a 31-week implementation period. Data from 65 teachers from three schools who received in-person training and coaching provided a benchmark for comparison. Most teachers in the online training + in-person coaching (OLT + IPC) condition reported that the technology was easy to use and that the course was as effective as an in-person workshop. Teachers in the OLT + IPC group reported positive attitudes regarding PATHS and the PAX GBG that generally were not significantly different from attitudes reported by teachers who received in-person training + in-person coaching (IPT + IPC). Importantly, teachers in the OLT + IPC condition achieved a high level of implementation quality similar to that demonstrated by teachers in the IPT + IPC condition. The frequency of intervention delivery by OLT + IPC teachers was also not significantly different than that of IPT + IPC teachers. These findings provide evidence that the internet is a promising component in a training sequence designed to teach teachers to deliver evidence-based preventive interventions.
Evidence for a physiologic role of pancreatic glucagon in human glucose homeostasis: Studies with somatostatin☆

To study the role of glucagon in human glucose homeostasis, experimental glucagon deficiency was produced by infusing somatostatin (i. v. 250 mug bolus, followed by infusion of 500 mug/hr) in six normal subjects and in two hypophysectomized patients-an insulin-dependent diabetic and a nondiabetic. In normal subjects, somatostatin lowered plasma glucagon from a mean (plus or minus SE) basal level of 85 plus or minus 15 to 33 plus or minus 10 pg/ml, p smaller than 0.001. Concurrently, plasma glucose fell from 90 plus or minus 2 to 73 plus or minus 3 mg/100 ml, p smaller than 0.001. Serum insulin and growth hormone fell slightly during somatostatin infusion, while plasma free fatty acids rose. In both hypophysectomized patients, somatostatin lowered plasma glucagon and glucose levels. In all subjects, after stopping somatostatin infusions, plasma glucagon and glucose returned promptly to control values, while serum growth hormone did not change. In additional in vitro studies, somatostatin (1 mug/ml) had no effect on muscle glucose uptake. Since it is known that somatostatin has no direct effect on hepatic glucose production, these results suggest that the fall in plasma glucose during somatostatin infusion resulted from inhibition of glucagon secretion, thus providing evidence that this hormone plays a physiologic role in the maintenance of fasting euglycemia in man.
100GHz+ Gain-Bandwidth Differential Amplifiers in a Wafer Scale Heterogeneously Integrated Technology using 250nm InP DHBTs and 130nm CMOS

Differential amplifiers incorporating the advantages of both Si and III-V technologies have been fabricated in a wafer scale, heterogeneously integrated, process using both 250 nm InP DHBTs and 130 nm CMOS. These ICs demonstrated gain- bandwidth product of 40-130 GHz and low frequency gain >45 dB. The use of InP DHBTs supports a 6.9 V differential output swing and a slew rate >4times104 V/mus to be achieved with as low as 40 mW dissipated power. A novel on-chip buffer circuit is used to facilitate the on-wafer characterization of these amplifiers. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a high performance IC building block in a heterogeneously integrated process technology.
The distribution of intraocular pressures in the general population

A variety of studies are reviewed in which intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined in defined, general populations. The studies exhibit a remarkably consistent pattern for the frequency distribution of IOP. The distribution conforms well to a normal curve for pressures up to 21 mm Hg, after which a distinct skewness to the right begins to appear. When the data are grouped by age and sex, the degree of right skewness intensifies with age. Mean IOP increases with age. Some studies also show higher mean levels for women than men, but not all do. The arbitrary nature of specifying upper limits of normality is stressed. In addition, the literature is reviewed concerning the arguments for a mixture of two overlapping normal (or lognormal) curves vs a continuum for the distribution of IOP.
Surface temperature and transport in Lake Tahoe: inferences from satellite (AVHRR) imagery

Abstract Analysis of satellite infra-red images in summer at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, shows that upwelling on the west side of the lake causes an east-west temperature gradient that changes in strength from early spring to late summer, with maximum horizontal gradients in late June and early July. The mean temperature fields, sequences of individual images, and empirical orthogonal function analysis all suggest the presence of a large anticyclonic gyre in the north of the lake and a weaker cyclonic gyre in the south. This agrees with a numerical model of the lake's surface circulation, which has been driven by the measured diurnal summer wind fields. This circulation pattern is different from that reported at other lakes and may be an important factor in maintaining areas of maximum primary productivity seen in past synoptic studies of the lake.
Prediction and Identification of Multiple-Photon Resonant Ionization Processes

Many single-color, multiple-photon transitions leading to ionization are observed for lanthanide and actinide elements in experiments using resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS). It is desirable both to identify the energy levels involved in observed transitions and to be able to predict in advance their location. A computer code, ETRANS, has been written to perform these functions. Examples of both types of operation are given.
632 LATENT DISEASE DETECTION IN HEREDITARY SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA (HSA) BY WHOLE/FRACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF ERYTH-IROCYTE UROPORPHRYNOGEN-1-SYNTHETASE (U-l-S) IN RELATION TO SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS

632 LATENT DISEASE DETECTION IN HEREDITARY SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA (HSA) BY WHOLE/FRACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF ERYTH-IROCYTE UROPORPHRYNOGEN-1-SYNTHETASE (U-l-S) IN RELATION TO SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS
Visual stabilization dynamics are enhanced by standing flight velocity

A flying insect must travel to find food, mates and sites for oviposition, but for a small animal in a turbulent world this means dealing with frequent unplanned deviations from course. We measured a fly's sensory-motor impulse response to perturbations in optic flow. After an abrupt change in its apparent visual position, a fly generates a compensatory dynamical steering response in the opposite direction. The response dynamics, however, may be influenced by superimposed background velocity generated by the animal's flight direction. Here we show that constant forward velocity has no effect on the steering responses to orthogonal sideslip perturbations, whereas constant parallel sideslip substantially shortens the lags and relaxation times of the linear dynamical responses. This implies that for flies stabilizing in sideslip, the control effort is strongly affected by the direction of background motion.
A new degree program for students seeking a broader education in addition to engineering training

A new degree program is proposed that provides students with broad interests a flexible way to combine their studies in engineering with studies in a wide variety of other subjects. The newly designed program in Electronics and Computing at the University of Colorado has a common core with the current Electrical and Computer Engineering programs, but the total number of required hours in the new major has been reduced to 40 hours. This makes it possible for the student to take a minor or a broad distribution of courses in other subjects. The new degree program is structured in much the same way as a liberal arts program. >
Erythromelalgia: Review of clinical characteristics and pathophysiology

Erythromelalgia is characterized by burning discomfort, warmth, and dermal erythema of the feet and/or the hands. Lowering the involved part and exposure to heat worsen symptoms, whereas elevation or cooling of the extremity relieves the discomfort. Several different subtypes of erythromelalgia have been documented and include an adult-onset form secondary to myeloproliferative syndrome-related thrombocytosis and an early-onset form that appears in childhood or adolescence and is idiopathic. A disturbed platelet function affecting the microvasculature has been implicated in thrombocythemia-related erythromelalgia. Importantly, manifestations of erythromelalgia often precede the onset of the myeloproliferative disease by several years. Therefore, the blood cell count should be monitored periodically in all adult patients with erythromelalgia. An abnormal hemoglobin, white blood cell, or platelet count or the presence of immature cells in the differential should prompt the physician to initiate a diagnostic evaluation for an underlying hematologic disorder. The symptoms of adults with erythromelalgia are markedly relieved after treatment with a single daily dose of acetylsalicylic acid. In contrast, childhood erythromelalgia appears without an underlying disorder, may be familial, and is resistant to treatment with aspirin.
DEGREE ANGULAR SCALE INTERFEROMETER 3 YEAR COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION RESULTS

We present the analysis of the complete 3 yr data set obtained with the Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI) polarization experiment, operating from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole research station. New data obtained at the end of the 2002 austral winter and throughout the 2003 season were added to the data from which the first detection of polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation was reported. The analysis of the combined data supports, with increased statistical power, all of the conclusions drawn from the initial data set. In particular, the detection of E-mode polarization is increased to the 6.3 ? confidence level, TE cross-polarization is detected at 2.9 ?, and B-mode polarization is consistent with zero, with an upper limit well below the level of the detected E-mode polarization. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of the cosmological model that has emerged from CMB temperature measurements. The analysis also demonstrates that contamination of the data by known sources of foreground emission is insignificant.
A stochastic model for a visit to the doctor's office

This paper presents a stochastic model of an individual patient's experience during a visit to a doctor's office. The stochastic model is based on tracking the visit of patients at a local family practice clinic. A rigorous, iterative procedure for model development allows the stochastic model to be constructed, evaluated, and validated to establish consistency with both the theoretical stochastic assumptions and the clinic's actual operating environment. This model extends the use of stochastic models in health care in two important respects. First, the stochastic model represents an application of semi-Markov processes in outpatient health care settings. Second, through the use of the infinitesimal generator associated with the transition probability matrices governing patient flow, numerical predictions for first passage times are easily obtained.
Adenosine triphosphate utilization rates and metabolic pool sizes in intact cells measured by transfer of 18O from water

The hydrolytic rates and metabolic pool sizes of ATP were determined in intact cells by monitoring the time courses of 18O incorporation from 18O-water into the gamma-phosphoryl of ATP and orthophosphate. To calculate the rate of ATP hydrolysis, a kinetic model is used to fit the time course of the 18O labeling. The size of the metabolic pool of ATP is calculated from the 18O distribution after isotopic equilibrium has been achieved. Metabolic pools have a binomial distribution of 18O whereas nonmetabolic pools exhibit negligible 18O labeling. The application and limitations of this approach are illustrated with data from isolated toad retinas and human platelets. At 22 degrees C, the time constant of ATP hydrolysis in the dark-adapted toad retina is about 30 s. Under these conditions, over 80% of the retinal ATP is involved in high-energy phosphate metabolism. It is calculated that when cGMP metabolic flux in the photoreceptors is maximally stimulated by light, it accounts for 10% of the ATP utilization by the entire retina. The time constant of ATP hydrolysis in human platelets at 37 degrees C is approximately 1 s, and 60% of the platelet ATP is involved in energy metabolism.
The dental pathology of southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).

Summary Skulls ( n = 1,205) of southern sea otters were examined macroscopically according to defined criteria. The museum specimens, acquired from strandings, varied in age from juvenile to adult, with an equal sex distribution. The results from all young adult and adult specimens were pooled according to tooth type. Ninety-two percent of teeth were available for examination, with 6.5% artifactually absent, 0.6% deemed absent due to acquired tooth loss and 0.03% deemed congenitally absent. All teeth were normal in morphology, except for three pairs of fused teeth, including two instances of fused maxillary first incisor teeth. Supernumerary teeth were associated with 97 normal teeth (most commonly maxillary canine teeth) in 68 specimens. At least one persistent deciduous tooth was present in six skulls, two of which were from adults. The majority (94.6%) of alveoli, either with or without teeth, were not associated with bony changes consistent with periodontitis; however, the majority (74.4%) of specimens did have at least one tooth associated with mild periodontitis. The mesial root of the mandibular third premolar tooth was the most common location at which periodontal hard tissue lesions were observed (56.6%). Ten sea otters had lesions consistent with focal enamel hypoplasia. Approximately half of the teeth (52.0%) were abraded; almost all adult specimens (98.1%) contained at least one abraded tooth, while fewer young adults were affected (76.4%). Tooth fractures were uncommon, affecting 1,343 teeth (4.5%). Periapical lesions were associated with 409 teeth (1.3%) in a total of 176 specimens, and these would likely have caused considerable morbidity while the animals were alive.
Gastric mucosal injury after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with floxuridine. A clinical and pathologic study

Background. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) of liver metastases of colon cancer with an implantable pump is associated with liver and gastrointestinal complications. Methods. The authors retrospectively studied the clinical features and gastric histopathology of nine patients who received HAIC and had gastritis develop and in whom biopsy specimens were available. Results. Gastritis was heralded in these patients by epigastric pain and tenderness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, and anorexia. In seven patients, 18 gastric ulcers were endoscopically detected. Mucosal damage developed despite prophylactic antiulcer therapy and healed only upon cessation of HAIC. These observations suggest that the predominant drug given, floxuridine, was the responsible toxic agent. Seventeen biopsy specimens were reviewed, and all exhibited varied histologic evidence of inflammation, reactive glandular changes, and cell necrosis. These mucosal changes were present even in tissues obtained from patients without ulcers. In addition, floxuridine-induced glandular atypia was noted in eight biopsy samples from six patients. The crowded glands were distorted and lined by large cells that included bizarre forms with pleomorphic nuclei. Conclusions. Gastric injury in HAIC appeared analogous to the general features encountered in reactive gastritis resulting from chemical irritants. The glandular atypia is peculiar to HAIC, and although the changes were morphologically alarming, in this clinical situation care should be exercised not to interpret floxuridine-induced atypia as carcinoma. Cancer 1994; 73:2042–7.
A note on the time scale for fusion of heavy ions

Abstract The reaction time for fusion of heavy ions is estimated in a simple barrier penetration model. Within this model the relevant time scale is obtained from the time “delay” corresponding to tunneling through the interaction barrier. This time delay is estimated to be comparable or shorter than the travel time for the same distance when no barrier is present. This implies that high lying collective modes might influence the fusion process.
Effect of plasma donation and blood donation on aerobic and anaerobic responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and delayed effects of plasma donation and blood donation on responses in exhaustive, severe-intensity exercise. Nineteen young men and wo...
DNA Evidence on the Phylogenetic Systematics of New World Monkeys: Support for the Sister-Grouping of Cebus and Saimiri from Two Unlinked Nuclear Genes

Abstract Previous inferences from ϵ-globin gene sequences on cladistic relationships among the 16 extant genera of Ceboidea (the New World monkeys) were tested by strength of grouping and bootstrap values for the clades in the most parsimonious trees found: for this epsilon data set enlarged with additional Cebus and Saimiri orthologues; for another nuclear DNA sequence data set consisting of IRBP (interstitial retinol-binding protein gene) intron 1 orthologues; and for tandemly combined epsilon and IRBP sequences. Different ceboid species of the same genus always grouped strongly together as demonstrated by results on Cebus (capuchin monkeys), Saimiri (squirrel monkeys), Callicebus (titi monkeys), Aotus (night monkeys), Ateles (spider monkeys), and Alouatta (howler monkeys). Other strong groupings that could be represented as monophyletic taxa in a cladistic classification were: Cebuella (pygmy marmoset) and Callithrix (marmoset) into subtribe Callitrichina; Callitrichina, Callimico (Goeldi′s monkey), Leontopithecus (lion tamarin), and Saguinus (tamarin) into subfamily Callitrichinae; Callitrichinae, Aotus , Cebus , and Saimiri into family Cebidae; Cacajao (uakari monkey) and Chiropotes (saki) into subtribe Chiropotina; Chiropotina and Pithecia (bearded saki) into tribe Pitheciini; Pitheciini and Callicebus into subfamily Pitheciinae; Brachyteles (woolly spider monkey), Lagothrix (woolly monkey), and Ateles into tribe Atelini; and Atelini and Alouatta into subfamily Atelinae. In addition the ϵ and IRBP results congruently grouped (but at lesser strengths) Brachyteles and Lagothrix into subtribe Brachytelina within Atelini, and also Cebus and Saimiri into subfamily Cebinae within Cebidae. Because the IRBP results weakly grouped Pitheciinae with Cebidae, whereas the epsilon results weakly grouped Pitheciinae with Atelinae, the present evidence is best represented in an interim cladistic classification of ceboids by dividing the superfamily Ceboidea into three families: Atelidae, Pitheciidae, and Cebidae.
Exacerbation history is associated with medication and appointment adherence in MS

Disease-modifying treatments are designed to prevent exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, few studies have examined the relationship between disease activity and treatment adherence in MS. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between disease activity (e.g., annualized relapse rates), medication adherence, and appointment adherence in relapsing-remitting MS. Retrospective exacerbation and appointment data were collected and used to predict prospective medication adherence. Results indicated that patients with higher annualized relapse rates missed fewer doses of medication and were less likely to miss appointments. Conversely, patients with relatively stable disease were more likely to demonstrate poor medication adherence and poor appointment adherence. Patients who missed more appointments also missed more doses of their disease modifying medication. Future studies may wish to examine clinical methods designed to improve immunotherapy adherence among patients who are in relatively symptom-free stages of relapsing-remitting MS.
Aids for the Gross Design of Satellite Communication Systems

Satellite communication systems are being proposed with ever-increasing frequency as integral components of many future commercial, military, and space programs. Thus, many people in all levels of engineering, management, government, and military occupations are being called upon to deliver judgments on this new mode of communications. However, there are sometimes difficulties in developing these judgments, because even gross design of satellite communication systems requires simultaneous manipulation of a half dozen or more parameters. This paper has been compiled as a computational aid for designers and reviewers of communication systems employing earth satellites as relays. Pertinent design equations are introduced and discussed briefly, with special emphasis placed on the limitations of the equations and the ranges of the parameters. Many of the computational aids, such as charts and nomographs, that are applicable to the gross design of satellite communication systems are presented. The utility of these computational aids is demonstrated in the solutions of some simple satellite communication system design and analysis problems. This paper is intended to be of practical usefulness; there is no suggestion that the theory of communications or satellites is probed in depth or detail.
Design and implementation of a semantic query optimizer

The authors describe a scheme to utilize semantic knowledge in optimizing a user-specified query. The semantics is represented as function-free clauses in predicate logic. The scheme uses a graph-theoretic approach to identify redundant joins and restrictions present in a given query while adding additional profitable specifications to it. Dynamic and heuristic interaction of three entities-schema, semantics, and query-forms the basis of the algorithm. The implementation architecture of the algorithm and test results on a representative set of data are presented. Issues associated with updating of semantic constraints are addressed, and an algorithm for semantic maintenance is introduced. >
Phase Changes in Base Metal Alloys Along Metal-porcelain Interfaces:

Five commercial, base metal alloys used with porcelain were investigated. After oxidizing heat treatments and the porcelain bake, phase changes occurred in some alloys near the porcelain interface. These changes were due to the depletion of the matrix in alloying elements as a result of the oxidizing treatments.
Feminist Identity Development Measures Comparing the Psychometrics of Three Instruments

Reliability and validity of three current instruments (Feminist Identity Scale [FIS], Feminist Identity Development Scale [FIDS]J Feminist Identity Composite [FIC]) used to operationalize Downing and Roush's model of feminist identity development were compared. A sample of 245 women completed all three instruments, and a separate sample of 35 women repeated them over a 2-week interval. Only the FIC had acceptable internal consistency reliability for all subscales. Subscale stability for all instruments generally was moderate, except for Active Commitment. Subscale relations with perceived sexist events, self-esteem, social desirability, and preference for a male or female therapist generally were supportive of discriminant and convergent validity for all instruments. Content validity based on three judges' item evaluations suggested the FIDS fared best overall Finally, confirmatory factor analysis procedures did not support definitively the structural validity of any of the instruments, but trends suggest...
A Low-Voltage Torsion Nanorelay

We demonstrate the use of torsion in nanorelays to achieve low voltages, high speeds, single-lithography-step construction, and a form useful for configurability and electronic design enhancements in 3-D integrated implementations. The combined bending and torsion of self-aligned nanopillars facilitates the first top-down fabricated vertical three-terminal nanoscale relay. Experimental devices, even at 500-nm features, operate at ~10 V and 1-3 μs. Scaling to 45 nm suggests operation at approximately 1 V.
Trajectory planning using reachable-state density functions

Presents a trajectory planning algorithm for mobile robots which may be subject to kinodynamic constraints. Using computational methods from noncommutative harmonic analysis, the algorithm efficiently constructs an approximation to the robot's reachable-state density function. Based on a multiscale approach, the density function is then used to plan a path. One variation of the algorithm exhibits time complexity that is logarithmic in the number of steps. Simulations illustrate the method.
Scaling relationships and maximum peak power generation in a piezoelectric pulse generator

Factors affecting the maximum peak power of a piezoelectric pulse generator are presented. These factors include the piezoelectric material's thickness to area ratio (i.e., TAR), the mechanical compression force, the material's stress limitation, and external circuit conditions. It can be generally concluded that maximum peak power scales with increasing piezoelectric material volume. However, the piezoelectric volume must be increased with compression force and material stress limitations in mind. Experimental tests were performed using commercially available piezoelectric materials and confirm theoretical predictions. The highest peak power measured in this investigation is 320 kW using a cylindrically-shaped piezoelectric material with 0.89-cm diameter and 1.27-cm height, which translates into a power density of 405.06 kW/cm/sup 3/. Typical output pulse lengths are on the order of 0.5 /spl mu/s.
Filantropí­a católica y sociedad civil: los voluntarios mexicanos de San Vicente de Paúl, 1845-1910

Las conferencias laicas de San Vicente de Paul florecieron en Mexico en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX como parte de un movimiento mas amplio de renovacion catolica. Sus dos organizaciones, una de hombres y otra de mujeres, se dedicaron a asistir a los pobres al mismo tiempo que fortalecian la fe. Los voluntarios hicieron importantes contribuciones al desarrollo del sistema de educacion, salubridad y asistencia mexicano. El numero y extension nacional de estos grupos revela una fuerte tradicion de filantropia y voluntarismo entre las clases medias y altas. El exito fenomenal de las Senoras de la Caridad en particular demuestra la feminizacion del trabajo de la caridad en la epoca, que ayudo a expandir los limites tradicionales de la esfera femenina en Mexico.
Campus violence white paper.

(2007). Campus Violence White Paper. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 304-319.
High-sensitivity cytometric detection using fluidic-photonic integrated circuits with array waveguides

We demonstrate a new detection scheme for a microfabricated flow cytometer. The fluidic-photonic integrated circuits (FPICs) that perform flow cytometric detection possess new functionality, such as on-chip excitation, time-of-flight measurement, and above all, greatly enhanced fluorescence detection sensitivity. Using the architecture of space-division waveguide demultiplexer and the technique of cross-correlation analysis, we obtained high detection sensitivity with a simple light source and a detector, without high-power laser excitation and lock-in amplifier (or photomultiplier tube) detection. Besides improving cytometric detection, the technology of integrating microfluidic circuits with photonic circuits into the FPIC presents a new platform for sophisticated biomedical-sensing devices with significant cost, size, and performance advantages.
Using difficulty of prediction to decrease computation: fast sort, priority queue and convex hull on entropy bounded inputs

Studies have indicated that sorting comprises about 20% of all computing on mainframes. Perhaps the largest use of sorting in computing (particularly business computing) is the sort required for large database operations (e.g. required by joint operations). In these applications the keys are many words long. Since our sorting algorithm hashes the key (rather than compare entire keys as in comparison sorts such as quicksort), our algorithm is even more advantageous in the case of large key lengths; in that case the cutoff is much lower. In case that the compression ratio is high, which can be determined after building the dictionary, we just adopt the previous sorting algorithm, e.g. quick sort. The same techniques can be extended to other problems (e.g. computational geometry problems) to decrease computation by learning the distribution of the inputs. >
Implementation of a Thermodynamic Framework for Damage Mechanics of Solder Interconnects in Microelectronics Packaging

A thermodynamic framework for damage mechanics is proposed. The damage evolution function uses entropy as a damage metric. A damage-coupled viscoplastic model with kinematic and isotropic hardening is implemented in a commercial finite element code to simulate the thermo-mechanical behavior of eutectic solder interconnectsin micro electronics packaging. The damage, asan internal state variable, is coupled witha unified viscoplastic constitutive model to characterize the cyclic deterioration of the material under thermo-mechanic fatigue loads. Several computational simulations of uniaxial monotonic tensile and cyclic shear tests are conducted to validate the model with experimentalresults. The behavior of a Ball Grid Array (BGA) package under thermo-mechanic fatigue loading is also simulated and compared with experimental results.
A spin label study of human erythrocyte ghost membranes damaged by methyl phenyldiazenecarboxylate (azoester)

Abstract The mechanism of methyl phenyldiazenecarboxylate (azoester) damage to human erythrocyte membranes has been investigated by means of spin labels. Azoester treatment exposed protein binding sites for non-covalently bound stearic acid and androstane spin labels that were occult in the untreated membrane. Experiments with iodoacetamide and N-alkylmaleimide spin labels suggested that azoester destroyed membrane sulfhydryl groups. No change in the structural integrity of membrane lipid components could be detected.
Sex, drugs and moral goals: reproductive strategies and views about recreational drugs

Humans, unlike most other species, show intense interest in the activities of conspecifics, even when the activities in question pose no obvious fitness threat or opportunity. Here, we investigate one content domain in which people show substantial interest, the use of drugs for non-medical purposes. Drawing from two subject populations—one undergraduate and one Internet-based—we look at the relationships among (i) abstract political commitments; (ii) attitudes about sexuality; and (iii) views surrounding recreational drugs. Whereas some theories suggest that drug views are best understood as the result of abstract political ideology, we suggest that these views can be better understood in the context of reproductive strategy. We show that, as predicted by a strategic construal, drug attitudes are best predicted by sexual items rather than abstract political commitments and, further, that the relationship between factors such as political ideology and drugs, while positive, are reduced to zero or nearly zero when items assessing sexuality are controlled for. We conclude that considering morality from the standpoint of strategic interests is a potentially useful way to understand why humans care about third party behaviour.
Sampling rate selection for real-time de-noising systems

With the continuously increasing capabilities of the data acquisition hardware, signals can be sampled at a much higher rate than necessary. In a real-time control application, oversampling noisy signals makes them more difficult to de-noise, particularly when the de-noising must be done in real-time, on embedded hardware, as is the case when de-noising signals in feedback control loops. This work investigates the effect of sampling rate on signal de-noising and shows that appropriately decimating an oversampled noisy signal before it is de-noised can improve the performance of the de-noising process. The work provides a methodology to determine whether or not a signal is oversampled; if it is, the methodology is used to determine the appropriate decimation factor. Two example signals are used. The improvement of the de-noising performance shows the effectiveness of the decimation technique.
Characterizing web content, user interests, and search behavior by reading level and topic

A user's expertise or ability to understand a document on a given topic is an important aspect of that document's relevance. However, this aspect has not been well-explored in information retrieval systems, especially those at Web scale where the great diversity of content, users, and tasks presents an especially challenging search problem. To help improve our modeling and understanding of this diversity, we apply automatic text classifiers, based on reading difficulty and topic prediction, to estimate a novel type of profile for important entities in Web search -- users, websites, and queries. These profiles capture topic and reading level distributions, which we then use in conjunction with search log data to characterize and compare different entities.We find that reading level and topic distributions provide an important new representation of Web content and user interests, and that using both together is more effective than using either one separately. In particular we find that: 1) the reading level of Web content and the diversity of visitors to a website can vary greatly by topic; 2) the degree to which a user's profile matches with a site's profile is closely correlated with the user's preference of the website in search results, and 3) site or URL profiles can be used to predict 'expertness' whether a given site or URL is oriented toward expert vs. non-expert users. Our findings provide strong evidence in favor of jointly incorporating reading level and topic distribution metadata into a variety of critical tasks in Web information systems.
A survey of optimal structural design under dynamic constraints

Recent published research on structural optimization subject to dynamic constraints is reviewed, and suggestions for further work are offered. Both methods for handling constraints on natural frequencies and methods for treating the more difficult constraints on quantities directly related to the dynamic response are discussed. Computational aspects are emphasized throughout.
Computational Bounds on Statistical Query Learning

We study the complexity of learning in Kearns’ well-known statistical query (SQ) learning model (Kearns, 1993). A number of previous works have addressed the definition and estimation of the information-theoretic bounds on the SQ learning complexity, in other words, bounds on the query complexity. Here we give the first strictly computational upper and lower bounds on the complexity of several types of learning in the SQ model. As it was already observed, the known characterization of distribution-specific SQ learning (Blum, et al. 1994) implies that for weak learning over a fixed distribution, the query complexity and computational complexity are essentially the same. In contrast, we show that for both distribution-specific and distribution-independent (strong) learning there exists a concept class of polynomial query complexity that is not efficiently learnable unless RP = NP. We then prove that our distribution-specific lower bound is essentially tight by showing that for every concept class C of polynomial query complexity there exists a polynomial time algorithm that given access to random points from any distributionD and an NP oracle, can SQ learnC overD. We also consider a restriction of the SQ model, the correlational statistical query (CSQ) model (Bshouty and Feldman, 2001; Feldman, 2008) of learning which is closely-related to Valiant’s model of evolvability (Valiant, 2007). We show a similar separation result for distribution-independent CSQ learning under a stronger assumption: there exists a concept class of polynomial CSQ query complexity which is not efficiently learnable unless every problem in W[P] has a randomized fixed parameter tractable algorithm.
Are we ready? A time for measurement of physiological parameters of the lung using multidetector row CT scans.

The article by Iwano et al (1) in the present issue of Academic Radiology demonstrates correlations between physiologic parameters derived from multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and those derived from classic pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Total lung capacity (TLC) measured using MDCT was strongly correlated with that measured in PFTs (r = 0.88). TLC measured using MDCT (4.45 1.23 L) was less than that measured in PFTs (5.24 1.23 L) by 17%, which the authors explain as due to the difference in postures (supine and erect positions) of the patients when the measurements were performed. Interestingly, both MDCTand PFT-derived TLCs had a similar standard deviation of 1.23 L. The normal lung capacity (NLC) measured on MDCT and a threshold of 900 correlated better with vital capacity (VC) derived from PFTs (r = 0.74) compared to that measured using MDCT and a threshold of 950 (r = 0.68), which makes sense if one hypothesizes that only normal lung tissue contributes to VC. In the normal pulmonary function group, MDCT-derived NLC was well correlated with PFT-derived VC (r = 0.87). On the other hand, in the obstructive pulmonary function group, MDCT-derived NLC was poorly correlated with PFT-derived VC (r = 0.44), which clearly indicates that there is something more in patients with obstructive physiology than MDCT-derived NLC can tell us. Recently, it has become clearer that the computed tomographic (CT) attenuation coefficient, on which we heavily rely when measuring physiologic parameters de-
Minor Athletic Trauma and Ischemic Stroke

Three cases of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) following sports-related neck trauma are reported from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
When is temporal lobe epilepsy not temporal lobe epilepsy

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Temporal plus epilepsy is a major determinant of temporal lobe surgery failures’, by Barba et al. . (doi:10.1093/brain/awv372). Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) originated in France in the 1950s. Bancaud and Talairach, at St. Anne’s Hospital in Paris, introduced this approach to define the 3D extent of dysfunctional brain tissue surrounding intraparenchymal brain tumours, and more specifically, to define epileptogenic brain tissue in patients with pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures (Bancaud et al. , 1975). The approach required a hypothesis that would enable the placement of multiple, mostly unilateral, depth electrodes to sample a reasonably limited number of regions of interest. The results then guided a tailored surgical resection. This technique was adapted by Crandall et al. (1963) at UCLA for patients with suspected mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Crandall, however, used a standardized, bilaterally symmetrical, depth electrode approach, designed to sample those structures known to be primarily involved in generating limbic seizures. Because French law did not allow Bancaud and Talairach to leave their electrodes in place for more than a few hours, their analyses were based on interictal activity, as well as electrically and chemically induced seizures. Crandall, therefore, was the first to perform chronic depth electrode recording, over days and weeks, in order to capture spontaneous ictal events. Because investigators at UCLA had recently developed an EEG telemetry device for NASA to record from chimpanzees orbiting in space, Crandall was also able to use this new technology to establish EEG telemetry for long-term monitoring of epileptic seizures. Data were used to determine that the epileptogenic region was contained within the area of a standardized anterior temporal resection (Falconer, 1953), which was then performed routinely. Two schools of invasive presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery then evolved: the French school, which performed classical SEEG, using multiple electrodes …
A Proof of the Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean Inequality

(1981). A Proof of the Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean Inequality. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 192-194.
Modified method for measuring potentiation of barbiturate anesthesia and its relationship to hypothermia.

SummaryA modified test for measurement of the property of a phenothiazine derivative to potentiate the action of barbiturates has been described. Using this technic, it has been shown that although there is some correlation between degree of hypothermia produced and potency of such a derivative to potentiate barbiturate sedation, these pharmacologic properties are primarily independent of each other.
Research as Pedagogy: Using Experimental Data Collection as a Course Learning Tool

ABSTRACTIntegrating research in the classroom experience is recognized as potentially important in enhancing student learning (Price 2001; Schmid 1992). This article asks if student integration as research subjects augments their learning about political science. A quasi-experimental project focused on media usage, construction, and influences on the political context of election competition finds that participation as research subjects fostered increased awareness among students of their own media usage, of media effects on politics and of politics in general. Findings also suggest that this process of learning happens within the context of students' pre-existing ideological frameworks despite experimental controls over ideological exposure.
West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease

Epidemiological features of West Nile Virus (WNV) disease among children (<18 years of age) reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1999 through 2007 were analyzed and compared with those of adult WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND), in a study at CDC&P, Fort Collins, CO.
Compensatory Sleep Responses to Wakefulness Induced by the Dopamine Autoreceptor Antagonist (−)DS121

The effect of the dopamine autoreceptor antagonist (-)DS121 on wakefulness, locomotor activity, body temperature and subsequent compensatory sleep responses was examined in the rat. Animals entrained to a light-dark cycle were treated at 5 h after lights-on (CT-5) with 0.5, 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg i.p. (-)DS121 or methylcellulose vehicle. An additional group received 5 mg/kg i.p. (-)DS121 or vehicle 6 h after lights-off (CT-18). At CT-5, (-)DS121 dose-dependently increased wakefulness, locomotor activity and body temperature, and decreased both non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) during the first 4 h post-treatment relative to vehicle controls. REM interference lasted up to 3 h longer than NREM. Low doses of (-)DS121 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) produced relatively little waking that was not followed by significant compensatory sleep responses. In contrast, higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) produced compensatory hypersomnolence (robust increases in NREM immediately after the primary waking effect) that was proportional to the duration of drug-induced wakefulness. NREM recovery 24 h post-treatment was the same for the 5 mg/kg (65.4 +/- 9.9 min) and 10 mg/kg (64.8 +/- 9.3 min) doses, but was not proportional to prior wake duration. NREM displaced by drug-induced wakefulness was recovered completely by 24 h post-treatment at the 5 mg/kg dose, but only 63.5% recovered at 10 mg/kg. In contrast, equivalent wakefulness produced by sleep deprivation yielded 100% NREM recovery. At CT-18, (-)DS121 (5 mg/kg) increased wakefulness without disproportionately increasing locomotor activity, and was compensated fully by 24 h post-treatment. These data show that (-)DS121 dose-dependently increases wakefulness, which is followed by hypersomnolence that is proportional to drug-induced wake-promoting efficacy.
Capacity-controllable Modulation of Refrigerant Mixture and its Application

A new capacity-modulation method of air conditioning and heat pump system,capacity-controllable modulation of refrigerant mixture,has been introduced.The characteristics of many kinds of this system which have been put forward up to now are analyzed on principle and set-up.The key points to practical utility of this system are pointed out.Accordingly,all those work provide a reference for its application.