cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrospektive Analyse des differentialtherapeutischen Vorgehens bei Kindern mit Doppelnieren mit Ureter duplex und Harntransportstörung

Die Doppelniere ist eine haufige Fehlbildung—<50% aller betroffenen Patienten bedurfen einer Therapie. Diese richtet sich nach der vorliegenden Befundkonstellation. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Befunde von 79 Doppelnieren bei 64 Kindern, die zwischen 1987 und 1999 in unserer Klinik behandelt wurden analysiert. Dabei wurden verschiedene Ursachen einer Harntransportstorung bei Doppelanlage eines ipsilateralen Hohlsystems in einer Nierenanlage beleuchtet. 55% der Patienten wurden in der pranatalen Diagnostik mit unterschiedlichen Befunden auffallig. Im Rahmen der postnatalen Diagnostik wurden die Niereneinheiten nach dem fuhrenden pathomorphologischen Element eingeordnet. Dabei zeigten 44% eine Ureterozele, 29% funktionslose Anlagen bei Erstdiagnostik und 27% einen vesikoureteralen Reflux. Funktionslose Anlagen wurden uberwiegend heminephrektomiert. Eine Entlastung bei assoziierter Ureterozele erbrachte in unserer Untersuchung keine Funktionsaufnahme der betroffenen Einheit. Der Reflux maturierte selten. Die Ureterozystoneostomie war zu 80% erfolgreich. Bei funktionstuchtigen ureterozelentragenden Anlagen kann die endoskopische Therapie der Ureterozele einziger Eingriff sein, zog jedoch haufig sekundare rekonstruktive Masnahmen nach sich.
INCREASED SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) at rest and with stress maneuvers was measured by determining plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations (pg/ml) in 15 significant hypertensives (SH), 11 borderline hypertensives (BH), 16 normotensive controls (NC) and 11 normotensive siblings of hypertensives (NS), all aged 12-18. Mean resting systolic BP was 151±7 mmHg in SH, 136±13 in BH, 117±12 in NC and 128±8 in NS. Mean diastolic BP was 98±10 in SH, 75±14 in BH, 58±10 in NC and 69±6 in NS. Pulse did not differ at rest. Mean resting NE was significantly higher in SH, 406±15(p 0.001),and BH 425±71 (p<0.001) than NC 274±57 or NS 308±52. E levels did not differ significantly. Values for NE and E rose with stress maneuvers in all subjects The SH had a blunted response of BP to standing, mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell -4.2 mmHg in contrast to BH (MAP+10.8) and NC (MAP 17.8). Pulse also differed, increasing more (+23.6) in SH than NC (+15.2) or BH (+15.6). This suggests a hyperkinetic circulation is present in SH. Some normotensive siblings NE levels overlapped with elevated hypertensives (5/11) while the others were like NC (6/11). This suggests heterogeneity of SNSA may be present in NS. Results support hypothesis that increased SNSA is present in some subjects with juvenile hypertension and may be a factor related to the hypertension.
Families and the Nursing Home Environment: Adaptation in a Group Context

Abstract An eight week education-support group given to family members of nursing home residents helped them adapt into the nursing home environment. At the conclusion, and despite deterioration in health status of the residents, family members reported that they enjoyed their visits more than before the intervention started. An especially effective component was when a project staff member worked directly with residents and then helped family members practice those successful visit strategies during support group sessions. With similar programs, nursing homes can reap the benefit of enhanced family involvement.
Low Back Pain in the Adolescent Athlete

Low back pain is a common problem among young athletes. These individuals are at risk for significant structural injuries or nonmechanical problems that can be associated with their symptoms. Any athlete who has severe, persisting, or activity-limiting symptoms must be evaluated thoroughly. Clinicians must have a working knowledge of the developmental issues, injury patterns, and particular conditions that may affect a given athlete and be able to work with patients in addition to families, coaches, trainers, and others involved in the care and training of the injured athlete.
Analysis of the role of hepatic PPARγ expression during mouse liver regeneration.

The liver has remarkable capacity to regenerate. Studies using the partial hepatectomy (PH) model have shown that this response to hepatic insufficiency is precisely regulated, and results in restoration of the original liver-to-body mass ratio. Experimental analyses in pharmacologically- and genetically-manipulated mice using PH and other models have identified many signals essential for normal liver regeneration. These include cytokines, growth factors, intracellular signaling events, and transcription factors, which direct the induction of specific gene expression programs that induce hepatocellular proliferation and restore liver mass (reviewed in (1–5)). Despite such knowledge, the signals that initiate and terminate hepatic regeneration are still incompletely defined. Several observations implicate the metabolic response to hepatic insufficiency in the regulation of liver regeneration (6). Mice subjected to PH rapidly develop hypoglycemia (7), followed by increased systemic catabolism, elevated serum free fatty acids (8), and hepatic accumulation of lipids (9;10) and amino acid catabolites (11). Experimental strategies that disrupt these events, such as dextrose supplementation or suppression of hepatic fat accumulation, inhibit regeneration (7;9;12;13). Furthermore, fatty liver dystrophy (fld) mice, which exhibit significantly reduced adipose stores (14), develop attenuated hypoglycemia, reduced hepatic fat accumulation, and impaired regeneration after PH. Taken together, these observations support a model in which the hypoglycemic response to PH causes adipose-tissue lipolysis followed by hepatic accumulation of the resulting metabolites, and that these events induce quiescent hepatocytes to proliferate until the normal liver:body mass ratio is restored (15). Moreover, comparable alterations in hepatic and systemic metabolism have been reported in toxin-induced models of liver regeneration (6), raising the intriguing hypothesis that the metabolic response to hepatic insufficiency is the proximal event that promotes liver regeneration after any form of hepatic injury. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important determinant of hepatic fat accumulation, as demonstrated by analyses showing that hepatic PPARγ expression is augmented in experimental models of fatty liver disease (16–19), and that genetic disruption of such expression leads to diminished hepatic steatosis in some of these models (20;21). Based on those observations and the considerations discussed above, the studies reported here were undertaken to assess the effects of liver-specific disruption of PPARγ expression on hepatic fat accumulation and hepatocellular proliferation during normal liver regeneration and on regeneration in the setting of diet-induced fatty liver disease using the PH model.
Where is 'outside' in cytochrome c oxidase and how and when do protons get there?

Cytochrome c oxidase moves both electrons and protons in its dual role as a terminal electron acceptor and a contributor to the proton motive force which drives the formation of ATP. Although the sequence of electron transfer events is well-defined, the correlated mechanism and routes by which protons are translocated across the membrane are not. A recent model [Michel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 12819] offers a detailed molecular description of when and how protons are translocated through the protein to the outside, which contrasts with previous models in several respects. This article reviews the behavior of site-directed mutants of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase in the context of these different models. Studies of the internally located lysine 362 on the K channel and aspartate 132 on the D channel, indicate that D132, but not K362, is connected to the exterior region. Analysis of the externally located arginine pair, 481 and 482, and the Mg/Mn ligands, histidine 411 and aspartate 412, which are part of the hydrogen-bonded network that includes the heme propionates, indicates that alterations in this region do not strongly compromise proton pumping, but do influence the pH dependence of overall activity and the control of activity by the pH gradient. The results are suggestive of a region of ‘sequestered’ protons: beyond a major energetic gate, but selectively responsive to the external environment.
Measurements of echo stability of an acoustic backscatter system

Acoustic backscatter from acoustic profiling instrumentation is commonly used as a proxy for suspended sediment concentrations. Past calibration procedures have used suspended beads or natural sediment to relate system output to sediment concentration. A new approach seeks to separate the instrumentation system constant from parameters that are dependent on the particles in the water column. Protocols are being developed for the standard-target calibration of an acoustic backscatter system (ABSS). These were initially applied to the Aquatec Acoustic Backscatter System, model AQUAscat 1000, with three transducers at the nominal operating frequencies of 1, 2.5, and 4 MHz. The standard target was a 10-mm-diameter sphere of tungsten carbide with 6% cobalt binder. In addition to measurements of sensitivity and angular response, the operating stability of the system was gauged over four successive nights, with total data collection periods between 16 and 20 hours. Pinging was performed at a constant 64-Hz rate for either 1200 or 1800 s during each hour. The nominal pulse duration was 6.7 µs at each frequency. Each series of 64 echo signals was averaged to form an average echo profile. A total of 1200 or 1800 echo profiles were stored during each hour. The resulting echo data have been processed by integrating the squared echo amplitudes in each profile over range intervals containing the target and over adjacent range intervals without the target, allowing an analysis of both signal and noise. Resulting energy-based measures of signal and noise are presented as time series together with their basic statistics. Enough data were collected to demonstrate that signal to noise ratios are high enough and the standard deviation of measurements recorded over several hours stable enough to allow a rigorous standard target calibration of this instrument in a test tank 3×4×4 m in dimension.
Chronic Toxicity of Fumonisin in Weanling Pigs

Three gilts fed a diet containing 100 mg fumonisin B1/kg for 7 days followed by a diet containing 190 mg/kg for 83 days developed nodular hyperplasia of the liver. These nodules of various diameters were composed of solid sheets or nests of hepatocytes. There were no discernible central veins or portal triads, and the perilobular connective tissue and adjacent parenchyma were compressed. Three other gilts maintained on the same diet for 27-80 days developed severe hepatopathies, but not nodular hyperplasia, necessitating eu- thanasia prior to conclusion of the feeding trial. At necropsy, 1 of the 6 gilts had grossly apparent hyperplastic plaques within the distal esophageal mucosa. On histopathologic examination, 6 of 6 gilts had mild to severe hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and formation of papillary downgrowths of the stratum basale of the distal esophageal mucosa. The hyperplastic nodules in the liver and the changes in the distal esophageal mucosa illustrate the unique chronic toxicity of this mycotoxin in pigs. Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), a mycotoxin produced by Fu- Materials and methods sarium moniliforme in infected corn, induces hepa- tocarcinomas in laboratory rats, 12 leukoencephalom- Pigs. Six clinically normal 5-wk-old crossbred gilts (10- alacia in equine species, 11 and fulminant Pulmonary 11 kg) were obtained locally. They were allowed to acclimate edema in swine. 5 Hepatotoxic effects in other than the to their surroundings for 1 wk while being fed a commercial pelleted swine ration. a They were then fed a formulated com- primary target organs have been demonstrated in these plete ration containing 100 mg FB1/kg for 10 days followed and other animal species exposed to fumonisin-con- by a ration containing 190 mg FB1/kg for 83 days. taminated diets. The fumonisins also represent a po- Preparation of fumonisin culture material. Cultures were tential risk to humans ingesting corn-based diets. Ep- grown in l-quart (0.96 liter) canning jars with the lids mod- idemiologic evidence has shown an association between ified to allow air exchange through 3 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) holes ingestion of fumonisin-contaminated corn-based diets and covered with autoclave tape. Whole shelled corn (100 and human esophageal cancer in South Africa. 18 Cul- g) and 100 ml distilled water were added to each jar, auto- ture material of F. moniliforme MRC 826, a fungal claved for 30 min, and allowed to cool to room temperature. strain isolated from a region of South Africa with a Fusarium moniliforme M-1325 b was added to sterile distilled high incidence of human esophageal cancer, was ad- water, and 2 ml of the suspension was added to the auto-
The length scale equation in turbulence models

Abstract. The question of which length scale equation to use in models of turbulence has long been controversial and several approaches have been suggested and used in the past. In this paper, we demonstrate that all these approaches are equivalent and the inconsistencies in the use of some of these approaches arise from improper modeling of the diffusion term in the length scale equation. We formulate a general length scale equation, which encompasses all current approaches. This equation is devoid of inconsistencies and should prove useful in its general form, or one of its subsets, in turbulence closure modeling.
Effect of timing of energy and carbohydrate replacement on post-exercise insulin action.

The nutritional environment surrounding an exercise bout modulates post-exercise insulin action. The purpose of this study was to determine how timing energy and carbohydrate replacement proximate ...
A doubly periodic moment method solution for the analysis and design of an absorber covered wall

A periodic moment-method solution for scattering from a doubly periodic array of lossy dielectric bodies is developed. The purpose is to design electromagnetic wedge and pyramidal absorbers for low reflectivity so that one can improve the performance of anechoic chamber measurements. The spectral-domain formulation and the moment-method volume polarization current approach are used to obtain the expressions for determining the scattering from a doubly periodic array of lossy dielectric bodies. Some wedge and pyramidal absorber configurations that have been designed, fabricated, and tested in the OSU/ESL compact range measurement facility are presented. By taking into account the complexity of real-world material structures, good agreement between calculations and measurements has been obtained. >
An Inertial Model of the Interaction of Ekman Layers and Planetary Islands

AbstractAn adiabatic, inertial, and quasigeostrophic model is used to discuss the interaction of surface Ekman transport with an island. The theory extends the recent work of Spall and Pedlosky to include an analytical and nonlinear model for the interaction. The presence of an island that interrupts a uniform Ekman layer transport raises interesting questions about the resulting circulation. The consequential upwelling around the island can lead to a local intake of fluid from the geostrophic region beneath the Ekman layer or to a more complex flow around the island in which the fluid entering the Ekman layer on one portion of the island's perimeter is replaced by a flow along the island's boundary from a downwelling region located elsewhere on the island. This becomes especially pertinent when the flow is quasigeostrophic and adiabatic. The oncoming geostrophic flow that balances the offshore Ekman flux is largely diverted around the island, and the Ekman flux is fed by a transfer of fluid from the west...
Glc8 is a glucose-repressible activator of Glc7 protein phosphatase-1.

Abstract Regulation of Glc7 type 1 protein phosphatase stability and activity was studied in budding yeast. We found that the Glc7 protein has a half-life of over 180 min, which is sufficient for several generations. Glc7 protein stability was constant during the cell cycle and in batch culture growth. Furthermore, deletion of regulatory subunit Gac1, Reg1, Reg2, Sds22, or Glc8 had no influence on Glc7 protein half-life. The activity of Glc7 assayed as okadaic acid-resistant phosphorylase phosphatase activity was constant during the cell cycle. Deletion of the aforementioned regulatory subunits revealed that only Glc8 deletion had a significant effect in reducing Glc7 activity. Glc7 activity was induced during stationary phase in a Glc8-dependent manner. In addition, extracellular glucose repressed the induction of Glc7 activity. These results are consistent with glucose repression of Glc8 expression and favor the role of Glc8 as a major Glc7 activator.
Contact with Nonresident Parents, Interparental Conflict, and Children's Behavior

Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results about the implications of contact with nonresidential parents for children in single-parent households. This study tested the hypothesis that children's contact with nonresident parents decreases children's behavior problems when interparental conflict is low but increases children's behavior problems when interparental conflict is high. Data were analyzed from 1,285 children in single-parent families from the National Survey of Families and Households. The hypothesis was supported among boys from divorced families. No support for the hypothesis was found among girls, regardless of family background.
Automatic and Controlled Processes in the Analysis of Hierarchical Structure

Targets are identified faster if they appear at the same level (global vs. local) as the target on the previous trial. This effect has been attributed to a controlled attentional process wherein participants attend to the level containing the target on trial n — 1, thus facilitating performance if target level repeats on trial n. An alternative explanation (Lamb & Yund, 1996) is that automatic activation of level-specific neural mechanisms is responsible. The controlled-process hypothesis predicts better performance whenever target level is predictable, because participants can anticipate, and thus attend to, the appropriate level. The automatic-process hypothesis predicts better performance when target level repeats, regardless of target-level predictability. In the present studies, level repetitions facilitated performance regardless of target-level predictability. The data support the automatic-process explanation of level repetition and other attentional effects. The data illustrate how an automatic p...
Satisfaction With Prepared Childbirth and Locus of Control

The study tests the hypothesis that there is a positive association between a sense of personal control (internal locus of control) and satisfaction with the experience of prepared childbirth. Women delivering at a university hospital were studied by the administration of the Rotter I‐E Scale and a postpartum questionnaire. The results demonstrated that internal locus of control was related to satisfaction in the prepared group of women. Class attendance alone did not distinguish the subjects with respect to satisfaction.
WAVE LENGTH OF LIGHT AND PHOTIC INHIBITION OF STEREOTROPISM IN TENEBRIO LARVAE.

A definite intensity of white light is required (about 136 m.c.) to produce negative phototropic orientation of creeping Tenebrio larvae away from contact with a vertical glass surface. This gives a measure of stereotropism in terms of phototropism, or reciprocally. The effectiveness of light for the suppression of stereotropism varies with wave length. It is therefore simple to obtain a measure of the relation between wave length and stimulating efficiency in this case of phototropic orientation. By determinations of the minimal energy required to inhibit stereotropism with different regions of the spectrum, it is found that the maximum effectiveness is sharply localized in the neighborhood of 535micromicro. The curve connecting stimulating efficiency with wave length, while giving a picture of the effective absorption by the photosensory receptors, probably does not permit accurate characterization of the essential photosensitive material.
Kinetics of skin resealing after insertion of microneedles in human subjects

Over the past decade, microneedles have been shown to dramatically increase skin permeability to a broad range of compounds by creating reversible microchannels in the skin. However, in order to achieve sustained transdermal drug delivery, the extent and duration of skin's increased permeability needs to be determined. In this study, we used electrical impedance spectroscopy to perform the first experiments in human subjects to analyze the resealing of skin's barrier properties after insertion of microneedles. Microneedles having a range of geometries were studied in conjunction with the effect of occlusion to test the hypothesis that increasing microneedle length, number, and cross-sectional area together with occlusion leads to an increase in skin resealing time that can exceed one day. Results indicated that in the absence of occlusion, all microneedle treated sites recovered barrier properties within 2 h, while occluded sites resealed more slowly, with resealing windows ranging from 3 to 40 h depending on microneedle geometry. Upon subsequent removal of occlusion, the skin barrier resealed rapidly. Longer microneedles, increased number of needles, and larger cross-sectional area demonstrated slower resealing kinetics indicating that microneedle geometry played a significant role in the barrier resealing process. Overall, this study showed that pre-treatment of skin with microneedles before applying an occlusive transdermal patch can increase skin permeability for more than one day, but nonetheless allow skin to reseal rapidly after patch removal.
NLOS identification and mitigation for localization based on UWB experimental data

Sensor networks can benefit greatly from location-awareness, since it allows information gathered by the sensors to be tied to their physical locations. Ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) transmission is a promising technology for location-aware sensor networks, due to its power efficiency, fine delay resolution, and robust operation in harsh environments. However, the presence of walls and other obstacles presents a significant challenge in terms of localization, as they can result in positively biased distance estimates. We have performed an extensive indoor measurement campaign with FCC-compliant UWB radios to quantify the effect of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. From these channel pulse responses, we extract features that are representative of the propagation conditions. We then develop classification and regression algorithms based on machine learning techniques, which are capable of: (i) assessing whether a signal was transmitted in LOS or NLOS conditions; and (ii) reducing ranging error caused by NLOS conditions. We evaluate the resulting performance through Monte Carlo simulations and compare with existing techniques. In contrast to common probabilistic approaches that require statistical models of the features, the proposed optimization-based approach is more robust against modeling errors.
Classroom observations in theory and practice

This essay explores the dialectic between theorizing teachers’ decision-making and producing a workable, theoretically grounded scheme for classroom observations. One would think that a comprehensive theory of decision-making would provide the bases for a classroom observation scheme. It turns out, however, that, although the theoretical and practical enterprise are in many ways overlapping, the theoretical underpinnings for the observation scheme are sufficiently different (narrower in some ways and broader in others) and the constraints of almost real-time implementation so strong that the resulting analytic scheme is in many ways radically different from the theoretical framing that gave rise to it. This essay characterizes and reflects on the evolution of the observational scheme. It provides details of some of the failed attempts along the way, in order to document the complexities of constructing such schemes. It is hoped that the final scheme provided will be of some value, both on theoretical and pragmatic grounds. Finally, the author reflects on the relationships between theoretical and applied research on teacher behavior, and the relevant research methods.
Does College Teach Critical Thinking? A Meta-Analysis

Educators view critical thinking as an essential skill, yet it remains unclear how effectively it is being taught in college. This meta-analysis synthesizes research on gains in critical thinking skills and attitudinal dispositions over various time frames in college. The results suggest that both critical thinking skills and dispositions improve substantially over a normal college experience. Furthermore, analysis of curriculum-wide efforts to improve critical thinking indicates that they do not necessarily produce incremental long-term gains. We discuss implications for the future of critical thinking in education.
Content-aware point of interest recommendation on location-based social networks

The rapid urban expansion has greatly extended the physical boundary of users' living area and developed a large number of POIs (points of interest). POI recommendation is a task that facilitates users' urban exploration and helps them filter uninteresting POIs for decision making. While existing work of POI recommendation on location-based social networks (LBSNs) discovers the spatial, temporal, and social patterns of user check-in behavior, the use of content information has not been systematically studied. The various types of content information available on LBSNs could be related to different aspects of a user's check-in action, providing a unique opportunity for POI recommendation. In this work, we study the content information on LB-SNs w.r.t. POI properties, user interests, and sentiment indications. We model the three types of information under a unified POI recommendation framework with the consideration of their relationship to check-in actions. The experimental results exhibit the significance of content information in explaining user behavior, and demonstrate its power to improve POI recommendation performance on LBSNs.
Action Learning: A New Teaching Tool For Undergraduate Business Education

Action Learning can be a powerful tool to build understanding of theoretical principles. Unlike classroom teaching, it can also enhance integration and synthesis of the functional disciplines by presenting students with actual, real-world problems.
New technologies and challenges of novel virus detection.

The use of new cell substrates for the development of biologicals, particularly tumorigenic and tumor-derived cell lines, can pose a major regulatory challenge due to safety concerns related to the presence of novel viruses, latent and occult viruses including oncogenic viruses, and endogenous retroviruses, since these may not be detected by the currently recommended conventional assays. This report is a summary of our laboratory9s experiences using advanced nucleic acid-based technologies to evaluate a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line and the insect Sf9 cell line derived from Spodoptera frugiperda, and presents some ongoing efforts to address the challenges of novel virus detection.
CT evaluation of pediatric hip disorders

CT plays an important role in the management of children with congenital dislocation of the hip and torsional abnormalities of the femur. In addition, CT is also useful in evaluating children with inflammatory, neoplastic, and traumatic abnormalities of the pelvis.
Symmetry-Adapted Distortion Modes as Descriptors for Materials Informatics

In this paper, we explore the application of symmetry-mode analysis for establishing structure-property relationships. The approach involves describing a distorted (low-symmetry) structure as arising from a (high-symmetry) parent structure with one or more static symmetry-breaking structural distortions. The analysis utilizes crystal structure data of parent and distorted phase as input and decomposes the distorted structure in terms of symmetry-adapted distortion-modes. These distortion-modes serves as the descriptors for materials informatics. We illustrate the potential impact of these descriptors using perovskite nickelates as an example and show that it provides a useful construct beyond the traditional tolerance factor paradigm found in perovskites to understand the atomic scale origin of physical properties, specifically how unit cell level modifications correlate with macroscopic functionality.
Coupon-Based Qualification for the Fatigue of Composite Repairs of Pressure Equipment

Corrosion damage is one the critical problems in the maintenance of pressure equipment. This damage can manifest itself in one of two forms, internal and external corrosion. Both forms cause degradation in the pressure carrying capacity and reduce the factor of safety inherent in the design. Several repair techniques are available, but bonded composite repairs have become increasingly popular. Repairs on interior corrosion defects have the added complication of having the potential to become through-wall defects. For quasi-static pressure loadings, these repairs have demonstrated the ability to adequately restore the pressure carrying capacity of pressure equipment. In this paper, we present a study of fatigue performance of bonded composite repairs using a simple coupon-based test of width-tapered double cantilevered beam specimens. The specimens were fatigue cycled in load control to simulate pressure fatigue of through-wall defects.
Liberation of vasoactive materials from mast cells in anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylactic shock is a sudden and often fatal syndrome that can occur when antigen combines with antibodies in a sensitized individual. The reaction involves at least two steps, i.e. fixation of bivalent immunoglobulin and activation of processes leading to release of vasoactive mediators from the cell. The effects of this acute allergic reaction include hypotension, hypovolemia, bronchoconstriction, increased capillary permeability, and stasis and hemorrhage in visceral vascular beds. The actions of various mediators, and thus the prominence of these manifestations of shock, vary from one animal species to another. For example, in dogs, the more pronounced effects of anaphylactic shock are hypotension, portal venous constriction, and hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract. In guinea pigs, bronchoconstriction is most prominent, and anaphylaxis in man may be manifest by a combination of urticaria, hypotension, and bronchoconstriction.
Scope - quality retaining display rendering workload scaling based on user-smartphone distance

Modern smartphone display system come equipped with powerful GPU's capable of rendering advanced 2D and 3D graphics. These GPU's make up a significant portion of the system power profile due to the high resolution and framerate of smartphone display. These display features are selected during the design phase of a smartphone and correspond to the capabilities of the human visual system (HVS). However, the level of detail observable by the HVS is not static and changes with user-smartphone distance. In this paper we propose Scope, a system which alters the rendering resolution and framerate on a smartphone to scale display rendering workload in response to real time changes in user-smartphone distance. We demonstrate a new method of measuring this distance in real-time which is able to minimize front-facing camera sampling through the use of sensor fusion techniques. The result is that Scope requires a power overhead of only 20mW on average as the front-facing camera need only be sampled 4 times per minute. We demonstrate that Scope is able to reduce smartphone power consumption up to 58% while retaining visual quality in most cases.
Trace Fossils of Dung Beetles

The ichnogenera Coprinisphaera, Quirogaichnus, Eatonichnus, Chubutolithes, Pallichnus, Scaphichnium and other meniscate burrows attributed to dung beetles are reviewed. Coprinisphaera is one of the most emblematic insect trace fossil from paleosols: it is one of the first described, one of the most abundant and recorded, and it is also subject of novel studies detailed along other chapters. The history of research on this ichnogenus is reviewed along with the detailed morphology of its ichnospecies, C. murguiai, C. lazai, C. kitu, C. akatanka, C.tonnii, C.kheprii, C. kraglievichi, C. laetoliensis, C. ndolayana, and C. cotiae, and possible producers. It has been interpreted since its recognition in paleosols as dung beetle brood balls. Quirogaichnus coniunctus is represented by brood balls clustered in a cavity and interpreted as a compound nest of a dung beetle. Eatonichnus utahensis, E. claronensis and a new ichnospecies are ellipsoid chambers surrounded by a helical wall composed of pellets and interpreted as dung beetle pupation chambers. Chubutolithes gaimanensis is interpreted herein as a dung beetle pupation chamber by comparison with extant ones and Eatonichnus. It also shows externally rows of imbricated pellets. Pallichnus dakotensis is a simple trace represented by a spheroidal structure shown a rounded scar at one pole and interpreted as the pupation chamber of Geotrupinae. Scaphichniun hamatum and other meniscate burrows have been interpreted as Geotrupinae cylindrical brood masses. Finally, the chapter reconstructs a possible evolution of coprophagy and necrophagy in Scarabaeidae as reflected by trace fossils. Color plates of type material, morphological details and representative cases are provided.
Is There a Role for Body Fat Determination in Total Joint Arthroplasty? Commentary on an article by Cameron K. Ledford, MD, et al.: "Percent Body Fat Is More Predictive of Function After Total Joint Arthroplasty Than Body Mass Index".

It is well established that obesity can have a serious impact on health, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and mortality. The relationship between obesity and outcome following total joint arthroplasty is less clear. Although severe or morbid obesity can result in increased complications and poor functional outcomes1, mild to moderate obesity has a relatively small effect that may not be clinically relevant in view of the marked benefits that most patients derive from total joint arthroplasty2. This underscores the importance of determining the degree of obesity present and using the most effective methods to make this determination3. The current standard is the body mass index (BMI), which is based on the relationship between height and weight and which allows patients to be …
Colonial New Jersey Paper Money, 1709–1775: Value Decomposition and Performance

I decompose the market value of Colonial New Jersey's paper money into its component parts, namely its real-asset present value and transaction premium. Its market value was predominately determined by its real-asset present value. I also find a small transaction premium that is positively associated with the quantity of paper money in circulation and with the land-bank method of paper money injection. This paper money was not a fiat currency. It traded below face value due to time-discounting not depreciation.
Exploring the Short Term and Long Term Outcomes of a Medical School Summer Program for High School Students

The purpose of the study is to evaluate short-term and/or long-term impact of the Summer Institute at Florida State University College of Medicine on high school students who participated in the program between 2011 and 2014. The authors used the pre-test/post-test method to examine immediate program effects on students’ knowledge and skills in medicine and science. Students were surveyed to collect their feedback about various program activities and components. In addition to these short-term outcomes, students were tracked to explore potential long-term outcomes related to college enrollment and choice of major. The results show that the post-test scores are higher than the pre-test scores, and the differences are statistically significant, which indicates that the program has helped increase students’ knowledge and skills in science and medicine. The evaluation survey results also show positive feedback from the students about the program, particularly the hands-on activities and mentoring from medical students. Most of the high school graduates tracked and contacted have successfully entered college, and the majority of them chose certain majors related to science or medicine. In conclusion, the results imply that the program has made some positive short-term and long-term impact on the students participating in the program. The program model, based on the contextual learning theory, seems to be effective. However, the variance in students’ ratings on program activities and the pre-test/post-test score differences suggest that the program needs to be fine-tuned in order to accommodate the different needs of the students from diverse backgrounds.
Effect of Solvent Volatility on Diameter Selection of Bicomponent Nanofibers Produced by Gas Jet Fiber Process Test

Abstract This paper addresses the role of solvent volatility on diameter selection of bicomponent polymer nanofibers produced via gas jet fibers (GJF) process whereby an axisymmetric turbulent gas jet is used for liquid jet initiation, liquid jet stretching, and solvent evaporation. Several morphological forms, such as interpenetrating network (IPN), bi-lobal, and core-shell are obtained by spinning homogeneous solutions of two immiscible polymers in two mutually miscible solvents. The diameter selection of fibers of the same morphology, e. g., bi-lobal, is achieved by spinning polymer solutions of two sets of solvents of different volatility. The results show that fiber diameter is strongly dependent on the value of vapor pressure of the solvents while the morphology is strongly dependent on the vapor pressure difference of the two respective solvents. The diameter selection by GJF process is most prominent for IPN nanofibers, moderately prominent for core-shell fibers, and almost indifferent for bi-loba...
Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Elements and Fragments in Public Spaces: The Internet of Cultural Things and Applications as Infrastructures for Learning in Smart Cities

This work explores mechanisms for realization of the Internet of Cultural Things (IoCT) and applications in public spaces in the context of learning cities and smart cities. Focusing on the constructs of awareness, learning, and engagement, the purpose of this work is to explore the potential for animating cultural heritage elements or fragments using the IoCT and applications in public spaces. Theoretically this work is situated at the intersection of adaptive reuse and designing for deconstruction enabled by the IoCT and applications in support of learning cities and smart cities. Using a case study approach, qualitative and quantitative data are gathered through in-depth interviews and an online survey. Anecdotal evidence is also gathered in parallel with this study through group and individual interviews enabling further analysis and triangulation of data. This work makes a contribution to the research literature across several domains – the IoCT and applications, cultural heritage, learning cities, and smart cities. This work also contributes to the discussion and debate spaces for ambient culture and ambient heritage with the potential to influence new directions for future research and practice.
Strategies for Effective Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective for many conditions but are often overprescribed. Recent concerns about long-term risks have made patients re-evaluate their need to take PPIs chronically, though these population-based studies have methodological weaknesses. The goal of this review is to provide evidenced-based strategies for discontinuation of PPI therapy. Given that some patients experience rebound symptoms when abruptly stopping continuous PPI therapy due to its effect on hypergastrinemia, strategies focus on avoiding rebound. Tapering the PPI and then initiating a “step-down” approach with the use of alternative medications may be effective. “On-demand therapy” provides patients with the option to take intermittent PPI courses, reducing overall use and cost while preserving patient satisfaction. It is important for providers to consider ambulatory pH or pH/impedance testing to rule out diagnoses that may require alternative medications like neuromodulators. A number of studies reviewed here can provide guidance in counseling patients on PPI discontinuation. It is important for the provider to obtain a baseline needs assessment for PPI therapy and to elucidate predictors of difficulty in discontinuation prior to initiating a strategy.
Comments on “Rationing and Publicity”

The essential point of Gerald Winslow’s paper is that, while there may be serious costs associated with making public the rules by which medical care is rationed, those costs are worth bearing. While the author asserts that his arguments apply to both market and governmental systems for allocating medical care, most of his discussion is in terms of political allocation in a democratic society.
8 – Differential Methods with Algebraic Turbulence Models

In this chapter on differential methods with algebraic turbulence models the formulation and the numerical method used in the Cebeci-Smith (CS) method are described, with Newton’s method and the block-elimination method, and the subroutine SOLV3. The prediction of incompressible and compressible, two-dimensional and axisymmetric flows with the CS method, as applied to permeable or impermeable surfaces with or without pressure gradient, is then discussed. The so-called standard and inverse approaches for calculating boundary-layer flows with and without separation are described, and the standard approach of numerical solution of the boundary-layer equations is extended to flows with separation. The results obtained with this approach are described for two- and three-dimensional flows on airfoils and wings.
Analysis of human platelet glycoproteins IIb-IIIa and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in whole blood by flow cytometry

Antibodies that bind to human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were used to develop methods for analyzing platelet membrane components by flow cytometry. Platelets were tentatively identified by their low-intensity light scatter profiles in whole blood or platelet-rich plasma preparations. Identification of this cell population as platelets was verified by using platelet-specific antibodies and fluorescein-conjugated antiimmunoglobulin. Two-parameter analysis of light scatter versus fluorescence intensity identified greater than 98% of the cells in the "platelet" light scatter profile as platelets due to their acquired fluorescence. Both platelet-rich plasma and whole blood were used to study platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa on a single cell basis in an unwashed system. Prostacycline was included in these preparations as a precautionary step to inhibit platelet aggregation during analysis. Flow cytometry is a successful technique for rapid detection of platelet membrane defects such as Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenic individuals were readily distinguished from platelets with normal levels of glycoprotein IIb and IIIa and from platelets with glycoprotein levels characteristic of heterozygote carriers of this disorder. This technique provides a sensitive tool for investigating platelet functional defects due to altered expression or deficiency of platelet surface proteins.
New Aspects of the Contribution of ER to SOCE Regulation

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins were identified as molecular candidates of receptor- and/or store-operated channels because of their close homology to the Drosophila TRP and TRPL. Functional studies have revealed that TRPC channels play an integrated part of phospholipase C-transduced cell signaling, mediating Ca2+, as well as Na+, influx into cells. As a consequence, the TRPC channels have diverse functional roles in difference cell types, including metabotropic receptor-evoked membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+ concentration regulation. Depending on the cellular environment and the protein partners present in the channel complex, the TRPC channels display different biophysical properties and mechanisms of regulation. Despite the controversy on whether or not TRPC channels are store-operated, evidence exists for physical and functional interactions between plasma membrane-localized TRPC channels and proteins involved in sensing and regulating the intracellular Ca2+ store contents, such as inositol trisphosphate receptors, junctate, STIM, and Homer. The interplay among these proteins will likely define the functional significance of TRPC channel activation in different cellular contexts and under different modes of stimulations.
Fingertip Access to Software Engineering Information and Learning: SAIL on the Informedia DVLS

Abstract : Practicing software engineers have difficulty accessing state-of-the-practice technologies in a timely manner. As a result, software engineers frequently re-invent the technology. Fingertip access to large amounts of information (project, state-of-the-practice, state-of-the-art, domain specific, etc.) should be provided so that software engineers perform their profession more effectively. The System for Access to Information and Learning (SAIL) approach on the Informedia(TM) Digital Video Library System (DVLS) demonstrates the feasibility of providing fingertip access to information and learning materials, using requirements elicitation as the technology base. Also, Informedia DVLS and the World Wide Web can supplement each other; by using the Web to gain access to certain areas of software engineering, we can begin to assemble libraries of technical information. Informedia DVLS can provide timely access to such information and can also be used to house current project materials.
Dimensionality Reduction, Compression and Quantization for Distributed Estimation with Wireless Sensor Networks

The distributed nature of observations collected by inexpensive wireless sensors necessitates transmission of the individual sensor data under stringent bandwidth and power constraints. These constraints motivate: i) a means of reducing the dimensionality of local sensor observations; ii) quantization of sensor observations prior to digital transmission; and iii) estimators based on the quantized digital messages. These three problems are addressed in the present paper. We start deriving linear estimators of stationary random signals based on reduced-dimensionality observations. For uncorrelated sensor data, we develop mean-square error (MSE) optimal estimators in closed-form; while for correlated sensor data, we derive sub-optimal iterative estimators which guarantee convergence at least to a stationary point. We then determine lower and upper bounds for the Distortion-Rate (D-R) function and a novel alternating scheme that numerically determines an achievable upper bound of the D-R function for general distributed estimation using multiple sensors. We finally derive distributed estimators based on binary observations along with their fundamental error-variance limits for pragmatic signal models including: i) known univariate but generally non-Gaussian noise probability density functions (pdfs); ii) known noise pdfs with a finite number of unknown parameters; and iii) practical generalizations to multivariate and possibly correlated pdfs. Estimators utilizing either independent or colored binary observations are developed, analyzed and tested with numerical examples.