cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dion Boucicault: showman and Shaughraun

Dion Boucicault’s three Irish plays: The Colleen Bawn (1860), Arrah-na-Pogue (1864) and The Shaughraun (1874), while not critically significant, owe their perennial popularity to their appeal to Irish romantic nationalism and to their memorable character types. While Boucicault’s character Myles Murphy or Myles na gCopaleen (Myles of the Ponies), an example of his native Irish hero, was the first of a series of rogue heroes that John Millington Synge developed in his character of Christy Mahon, Boucicault also owes the character of Myles to American native heroes like Sam Patch, Davy Crockett and Mose the Bowery B’hoy. While the plays are not great drama, they are good theatre and a less self-conscious national theatre has found room for both Boucicault and Synge.
Usability and Acceptability of a Mobile App to Help Emerging Adults Address their Friends' Substance Use (Harbor): Quantitative Study.

Background: Technology-assisted intervention and prevention strategies present opportunities for substance use–related research with emerging adults (EAs) and their peers. Emerging adulthood is a developmentally distinct period in which individuals between the ages of 18 and 29 years undergo unique emotional, cultural, developmental, and biological changes as they transition into adulthood. Crowdsourcing, or gathering feedback from a large group within web-based communities, offers researchers a unique and cost-effective way to obtain large amounts of information in a short period. Objective: This paper presents market feedback obtained via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk from EAs (N=458) on the acceptability and utility of brief intervention scripts for a smartphone app currently under development. The mobile app, Harbor, teaches friends of EAs with substance use problems effective and supportive strategies for helping their friend make changes in their substance use behavior. Methods: We examined feedback on the wording of the intervention scripts and estimated the market size of EAs who may use this app. Furthermore, we calculated correlations between script ratings and measures of personal risky drinking (ie, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and the participants’ use of confrontational, enabling, or supportive behaviors with an existing friend. Results: Approximately half of our sample (208/458, 45.4%) indicated that they had a close friend for whom they had concerns about their substance use, suggesting a potentially high demand for an app such as Harbor. Initial findings suggest that peers who engage in less enabling behaviors with friends who have a substance use problem exhibited lower risky drinking behaviors overall (r206=−0.501; P<.001). Concerning acceptability, 98.0% (449/458) of the sample rated the scripts’ dialogue as either somewhat, moderately, or extremely realistic (mean 3.92, SD 0.48) on 5-point Likert scale items. Finally, 95.4% (437/454) of respondents indicated that the scripts would be at least slightly helpful for training peers to help their friends with substance use issues. Finally, individuals who were better able to identify enabling language in enabling scripts self-reported fewer enabling behaviors toward their friend’s substance use (r206=−0.236; P=.001). Conclusions: There exists a demonstrated level of desirability and acceptability among EAs for a mobile app such as Harbor. EAs who wish to engage in more supportive behaviors with their friends who engage in substance use and who are amenable to assisting their friends with sobriety likely would use and benefit from this app.
Mass Transfer Effects

For analytical and some preparative columns in liquid chromatography, mass transfer resistance is usually negligible and the equilibrium theory suffices [7]. But for preparative columns with smaller plate numbers and large-scale columns, mass transfer effects are often significant and cannot usually be neglected.
Development of a computerized adaptive diagnostic screening tool for psychosis

We develop a two-stage diagnostic classification system for psychotic disorders using an extremely randomized trees machine learning algorithm. Item bank was developed from clinician-rated items drawn from an inpatient and outpatient sample. In stage 1, we differentiate schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder from depression and bipolar disorder (with psychosis). In stage 2 we differentiate schizophrenia from schizoaffective disorder. Out of sample classification accuracy, determined by area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, was outstanding for stage 1 (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89, 0.94), and excellent for stage 2 (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83, 0.88). This is achieved based on an average of 5 items for stage 1 and an average of 6 items for stage 2, out of a bank of 73 previously validated items.
Translanguaging sequel: Origin-based lexical varieties and their implications for translation

Abstract The paper examines the products of interlingual and intralingual translanguaging and qualitatively analyzes three origin-based lexical varieties in Japanese, wago (native Japanese words), kango (Sino-Japanese words), and gairaigo (foreign loanwords other than kango) in terms of how they have been complementing, competing against, or being in conflict with each other, how they engage word-formation processes as deep as morpheme-levels, and how they are perceived and manipulated by language users, including translators. This study shows that translanguaging has been practiced recursively and multi-directionally over a long period of time, yielding the phenomenon ‘translanguaging sequel’. The qualitative study of a Japanese translation of a Korean poem reveals a translator’s ideology-driven translanguaging practice that crosses not only interlingual but also intralingual boundaries, causing an international socio-political dispute. This study supports the view that translanguaging has been shaping and reshaping the norms of languages and language use. It also suggests the benefits of analyzing the products and traces of translanguaging in translated texts as well as the process of translanguaging during translation activities that can be promoted and implemented in language classrooms.
Revealing how variations in antibody repertoires correlate with vaccine responses

An important challenge in vaccine development is to figure out why a vaccine succeeds in some individuals and fails in others. Although antibody repertoires hold a key to answering this question, there have been very few personalized immunogenomics studies so far aimed at revealing how variations in immunoglobulin genes affect a vaccine response. We conducted an immunosequencing study of 204 calves vaccinated against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with the goal to reveal variations in immunoglobulin genes and somatic hypermutations that impact the efficacy of vaccine response. Our study represents the largest longitudinal personalized immunogenomics study reported to date across all species, including humans. To analyze the generated dataset, we developed an algorithm for identifying variations of the immunoglobulin genes (as well as frequent somatic hypermutations) that affect various features of the antibody repertoire and titers of neutralizing antibodies. In contrast to relatively short human antibodies, cattle have a large fraction of ultralong antibodies that have opened new therapeutic opportunities. Our study revealed that ultralong antibodies are a key component of the immune response against the costliest disease of beef cattle in North America. The detected variants of the cattle immunoglobulin genes, which are implicated in the success/failure of the BRD vaccine, have the potential to direct the selection of individual cattle for ongoing breeding programs.
The Group Supervision Model in Cognitive Therapy Training

In the spring of 1980, several beginning therapists—psychiatry residents and psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania—attended a series of introductory seminars in cognitive therapy presented by the second author. Because several of the novice therapists were excited by their initial exposure to cognitive therapy, ongoing group case supervision was arranged. The decision to meet as a group had pragmatic origins: Dr. Burns could not offer individual supervision to all those who wished it. In retrospect this limitation was fortunate. We rapidly discovered, to the delight of both students and supervisor, that group supervision and cognitive therapy techniques were natural complements for each other; the mode of supervision actually facilitated the teaching and learning process and produced an experience that was unexpectedly rich. In this chapter, we present the group supervision model we used, discussing its particular—and often unique—advantages for the therapist-in-training, the supervisor, and the patient.
Schizotypal personality disorder:: A poor prognostic indicator for behavior therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Abstract Twenty nine obsessive-compulsive patients were evaluated for behavior therapy by the staff of our Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Clinic. Ten (35%) had Axis II diagnoses of Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Of those patients without an Axis II diagnosis of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 16 (84%) improved at least moderately with either behavior therapy alone (exposure plus response prevention) or a combination of behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy. Among the schizotypal group, only one (10%) improved with the same treatments. This difference was highly significant. Implications for behavior therapy are discussed as well as suggestions for management of these patients and for future research.
Arthur H Steinhaus 1897-1970

(1970). Arthur H Steinhaus 1897-1970. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 90-90.
Intracellular Growth of Histoplasma capsulatum

Howard, Dexter H. (University of California, Los Angeles). Intracellular growth of Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Bacteriol. 89:518-523. 1965.-Under a variety of experimental conditions, the generation time of Histoplasma capsulatum in mammalian histiocytes was remarkably constant. The rate of intracellular growth of five different isolates of H. capsulatum was very similar. The generation time of the fungus within guinea pig cells was nearly the same as it was within mouse cells under comparable conditions. Preliminary exposure of yeast cells to specific antibodies and complement did not affect intracellular proliferation of the fungus during the first 24 hr after phagocytosis by mouse histiocytes. The rate of growth of the fungus within cells from immunized mice and guinea pigs was comparable to that in cells from normal animals. This latter result was not altered by preliminary exposure of the fungus to hyperimmune serum and complement.
Open access publishing : Implications for libraries

Abstract The recent movement towards “open access publishing” has developed very quickly. It began with publishers such as Public Library of Science and BioMed Central, persuading researchers to publish in their subscription-free or very low-cost journals. Commercial publishers then joined in, suggesting that authors pay a fee to have articles available free of charge on the Web. Most recently, government and professional organizations are recommending that research results be published this way. Implications for libraries include the impact on subscription costs, institutional subsidizing of authors' fees, and libraries' negotiations with administrators.
Share repurchases through transferable put rights: theory and case study

This paper investigates the effect of share repurchase through transferable put rights (TPRs) on shareholder wealth and corporate control. Transferable put rights make the put option, which is implicit in a tender offer, marketable. Shareholders who do not tender their shares increase their proportional ownership of the firm and extract some of the gains of the tender offer from exiting shareholders. Finally, TPRs improve tax efficiency by ensuring that only shareholders who have the highest tax bases will tender.
Magnetite Formation During Microbial Dissimilatory Iron Reduction

Magnetite appears to be produced concurrently with the oxidation of organic matter coupled to Fe(III) reduction in a number of anaerobic sedimentary environments (Perry et al., 1973; Baur et al., 1985; Walker, 1984; Elmore et al., 1986; McCabe et al., 1987; Karlin et al., 1987; Lovley and Reynolds, 1987; Ponamperuma, 1972). The preponderance of evidence indicates that, at the pH, temperature, and pressure of most sedimentary environments, most of the Fe(III) reduction is the result of enzymatic reduction of Fe(III) by microorganisms (Kamura et al., 1963; Sorensen, 1982; Munch and Ottow, 1983; Jones et al., 1983; Lovley and Phillips, 1986a; Lovley et al., 1988). However, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms which can effectively couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) were only recently described (Lovley et al., 1987; Lovley and Phillips, 1988; Lovley et al., 1989a; Lovley et al., 1989c). During the initial studies with these Fe(III)-reducing organisms it was discovered that ultrafine-grained magnetite is an endproduct of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction.
D. Bernard Amos April 16, 1923–May 15, 2003

The immunology community mourns the passing of D. Bernard Amos. He leaves behind a loving family, a lifetime of achievement, and an international community of colleagues, collaborators, trainees, and admirers. Dr. Amos’ leadership, mentoring, and scientific discoveries have had a worldwide impact
Classification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Neural Networks

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a common tool to explore brain activities ranging from concentrated cognitive efforts to sleepiness. For the issue of sleepiness, pupil behavior can provide some information regarding alertness. The issue of sleepiness can be reflected by EEG energy. Specifically, intrusion of EEG theta wave activity into the beta activity of active wakefulness has been interpreted as ensuing sleepiness. This paper develops an innovative signal classification method that is capable of differentiating subjects with sleep disorder of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) from normal control subjects who do not have a sleep disorder. The theta energy ratios are calculated from the 2-second sliding windows by Fourier transform. An artificial neural network of modified ART2 is utilized to identify subjects with OSA from a combined group of subjects including healthy controls. This grouping from the neural network is then compared with the actual diagnostic classification of subjects as OSA or healthy controls and it is found to be 91% accurate in differentiating between the two groups.
Somatosensory inputs modify auditory spike timing in dorsal cochlear nucleus principal cells

In addition to auditory inputs, dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) pyramidal cells in the guinea pig receive and respond to somatosensory inputs and perform multisensory integration. DCN pyramidal cells respond to sounds with characteristic spike-timing patterns that are partially controlled by rapidly inactivating potassium conductances. Deactivating these conductances can modify both spike rate and spike timing of responses to sound. Somatosensory pathways are known to modify response rates to subsequent acoustic stimuli, but their effect on spike timing is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that preceding tonal stimulation with spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) stimulation significantly alters the first spike latency, the first interspike interval and the average discharge regularity of firing evoked by the tone. These effects occur whether the neuron is excited or inhibited by Sp5 stimulation alone. Our results demonstrate that multisensory integration in DCN alters spike-timing representations of acoustic stimuli in pyramidal cells. These changes likely occur through synaptic modulation of intrinsic excitability or synaptic inhibition.
Spillway Gate Vibration on Arkansas River Dams

Spillway tainter gates are susceptible to flow induced vibrations particularly when the gate lips are submerged by tailwater levels. Vibrations experienced on the spillway gates of the Arkansas River Navigation Project were severe enough to cause cracks in the structural members and welded connections of the gates. The nature, patterns, and magnitude of the vibrations on these gates were determined and related to the gate openings, tailwater levels, lip designs, seal designs, structural rigidity, and several other factors. Lip design, rubber seal design, and structural flexibility were concluded to be the major causes of gate vibrations. Factors which should be considered in future tainter gate designs to provide vibration-free operation include: (1) lip designs with a clean, sharp flow breakoff point; (2) elimination of rubber gate bottom seals wherever possible; (3) structurally rigid gate lip designs; and (4) testing of unusual gate designs to check for vibration tendencies.
Properties of Food Folates Determined by Stability and Susceptibility to Intestinal Pteroylpolyglutamate Hydrolase Action

The intestinal absorption of folate occurs at the monoglutamyl level, and an important measure of food folate bioavailability is how much folate from the food reaches the intestinal sites in forms that can readily be absorbed. In the absence of protecting agents, e.g., vitamin C and reduced thiols, many labile folates may be lost during cooking and during residence in the acid-peptic milieu of the stomach. On the other hand, the presence of polyglutamyl folate necessitates the action of intestinal hydrolases, which could be affected by food constituents. In this study, we developed an in vitro assay for the determination of an index of food folate availability. The index of folate availability in this study was defined as that proportion of folate that has been identified as monoglutamyl derivatives after tests for stability and susceptibility to an enzymatic hydrolysis. The index of folate availability varied widely among foods. The highest index was for egg yolk (72.2%), followed by cow's livers (55.7%), orange juice (21.3%), cabbage (6.0%), lima beans (4.5%) and lettuce (2.9%). Yeast folate had the lowest index (0.3%). The availability indices generated by this study correlate with the indices of the bioavailability of the corresponding food folate observed in earlier studies, R 2 = 0.529 (P = 0.068). Additional information is required on the bioavailability of other food products to test the usefulness of this in vitro approach for assessing food folate availability.
Multiple Protein Domains Mediate Interaction between Bcl10 and MALT1

Bcl10 and MALT1 are essential mediators of NF-κB activation in response to the triggering of a diverse array of transmembrane receptors, including antigen receptors. Additionally, both proteins are translocation targets in MALT lymphoma. Thus, a detailed understanding of the interaction between these mediators is of considerable biological importance. Previous studies have indicated that a 13-amino acid region downstream of the Bcl10 caspase recruitment domain (CARD) is responsible for interacting with the immunoglobulin-like domains of MALT1. We now provide evidence that the death domain of MALT1 and the CARD of Bcl10 also contribute to Bcl10-MALT1 interactions. Although a direct interaction between the MALT1 death domain and Bcl10 cannot be detected via immunoprecipitation, FRET data strongly suggest that the death domain of MALT1 contributes significantly to the association between Bcl10 and MALT1 in T cells in vivo. Furthermore, analysis of point mutants of conserved residues of Bcl10 shows that the Bcl10 CARD is essential for interaction with the MALT1 N terminus. Mutations that disrupt proper folding of the Bcl10 CARD strongly impair Bcl10-MALT1 interactions. Molecular modeling and functional analyses of Bcl10 point mutants suggest that residues Asp80 and Glu84 of helix 5 of the Bcl10 CARD directly contact MALT1. Together, these data demonstrate that the association between Bcl10 and MALT1 involves a complex interaction between multiple protein domains. Moreover, the Bcl10-MALT1 interaction is the second reported example of interactions between a CARD and a non-CARD protein region, which suggests that many signaling cascades may utilize CARD interactions with non-CARD domains.
Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and dihydrophylloquinone content of fats and oils

Assessment of vitamin K (VK) dietary intakes has been limited by the incompleteness of VK food composition data for the U.S. food supply, particularly for VK-rich oils. The phylloquinone (VK-1) and 2′,3′-dihydrophylloquinone (dK) concentrations of margarines and spreads (n=43), butter (n=4), shortening (n=4), vegetable oils (n=6), and salad dressings (n=24) were determined by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection. Each sample represented a composite of units or packages obtained from 12 or 24 outlets, which were geographically representative of the U.S. food supply. Butter, which is derived from animal fat sources, had less VK-1 compared to vegetable oil sources. The VK-1 and dK of the margarines and spreads increased with fat content and the degree of hydrogenation, respectively. In some margarines or spreads and in all shortenings, the dK concentrations were higher than the corresponding VK-1 concentrations. As the fat content of salad dressings increased, the VK-1 concentrations also increased. Fat-free foods had <1 μg/100 g of either form of the vitamin. No dK was detected in the salad dressings or oils tested. Some margarines, spreads, and salad dressings may be significant sources of vitamin K in the U.S. food supply.
An endohedral metallocarbohedrene C@Ti8C12

Abstract A ‘metcar’ molecule of twenty-one atoms, Ti 8 C 13 , is predicted to be a chemically stable, electronically closed-shell species in an endohedral form with one carbon atom inside a Ti 8 C 12 cage of tetrahedral (T d symmetry.
Lack of NKX2.2 expression in bronchopulmonary typical carcinoid tumors: implications for patients with neuroendocrine tumor metastases and unknown primary site.

Background Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) may have metastatic disease and unknown primary site. NETs commonly arise from the bronchopulmonary (BP) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The largest subgroups of well-differentiated BP-NETs are typical carcinoids (TCs). The homeodomain transcription factor NKX2.2 regulates development of gut serotonin cells and is a marker of GI-NETs. Previous work on a limited number of samples suggested that BP-TCs do not express NKX2.2. We hypothesized that lack of NKX2.2 expression in BP-TCs might be useful to distinguish BP- from GI-NETs, and evaluated NKX2.2 expression in a larger number of BP-TCs. Methods Archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 13 previously undescribed patients with BP-TCs. Expression of NKX2.2, serotonin, and the NE marker chromogranin A (CgA) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results CgA expression was robust in all 13 BP-TCs, confirming the NE phenotype. Serotonin expression was less frequent (9/13; 69%). Two patients with BP-TCs in which serotonin expression was absent exhibited Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production. NKX2.2 expression was not observed in any of the 13 tumors. Conclusions Bronchopulmonary TCs uniformly express CgA but not NKX2.2. Because most of these tumors express serotonin, our findings suggest that NKX2.2 may not be required for serotonin production by BP-TCs. We conclude that the presence or absence of NKX2.2 expression may assist in the determination of the primary tumor site in patients with NET metastases of unknown origin. NET metastases that are CgA-positive/NKX2.2-negative would suggest a BP primary, whereas those that are CgA-positive/NKX2.2-positive would suggest a GI primary.
A long‐term continuous infusion via a sciatic catheter in a 3‐year‐old boy

Summary We describe the case of a 3-year-old boy with a subtotal amputation of the right foot who received treatment for pain via a peripheral catheter positioned at the level of the sciatic nerve (lateral approach).We administered a continuous infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.4 mg·kg−1·h−1 plus clonidine 0.12 μg·kg−1·h−1 for 21 days. Pain relief was complete and the patient did not require any further rescue analgesia throughout the period even during medications and surgical treatment in our intensive care unit. We discuss the safety and efficacy of the use of a peripheral continuous infusion in children compared with other techniques of analgesia.
Generalized United‐Atom Theory. II. A One‐Center Model for Cyclic Polyenes

In cyclic polyenes the quantum numbers of Huckel and Platt are related to the atomic magnetic quantum number ml. A one‐center treatment shows that, within the tubular assumption, the lowest one‐electron wave functions have roughly the same (ρ, z) dependent part and are distinguished chiefly by the dependence on the azimuthal angle [open phi]. The one‐electron level scheme to first approximation is identical to that of Platt's electron‐gas theory. Reintroduction of the lower molecular symmetry mixes states of different ml and splits the ml=±(2N+1) degeneracy. The result is suggestive of the LCAO‐MO theory, although the latter can be shown to be basically different. A semiempirical united‐atom theory can be formulated in close parallel to the LCMO theory of Coulson, Longuet‐Higgins and Dewar.
Chronic hypoxemia increases myocardial cytochrome oxidase

Objective Cyanotic patients have potentially decreased tissue oxygen tension. Cytochrome oxidase catalyzes the reduction of oxygen and is integral to adenosine triphosphate production. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, the active site, is encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Using a newborn swine model of chronic hypoxemia, we evaluated ventricular cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA and protein expression and assessed cytochrome oxidase activity. Methods Thirty-two newborn piglets underwent thoracotomy and placement of a pulmonary artery–to–left atrium shunt or sham operation. Two weeks later, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, hematocrit, and left ventricular shortening fraction values were compared with baseline values. Northern blot hybridization and protein immunoblotting for ventricular cytochrome oxidase subunit I were performed. Cytochrome oxidase kinetic activity was measured. Heme a,a 3 content and turnover number were determined. Significance was assessed with a t test. Results Baseline partial pressure of arterial oxygen and hematocrit values were similar. Hypoxemic piglets had a lower partial pressure of arterial oxygen of 38 ± 10 mm Hg ( P P 3 content and turnover number increased by 1.5-fold during hypoxemia. Conclusions Chronic hypoxemia increases cytochrome oxidase I message, protein expression, and activity. The increase in kinetics was due to increased enzyme content and catalytic activity. This is a possible adaptive mechanism that might preserve organ function during chronic hypoxemia.
The Effects of Varying Quality and Duration of Reinforcement on Mands to Work, Mands for Break, and Problem Behavior

Research on the effects of concurrent schedules of reinforcement during treatment of problem behavior has shown that response allocation can be biased in favor of adaptive responses by providing increased reinforcement for these responses. However, this research has focused on the effects of only two concurrently available response options. In applied situations, it is likely that more than two concurrently available response options exist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying qualities and durations of reinforcement on problem behavior, mands for breaks, and mands to work. Participants were 5 to 12 years old, had disabilities, and displayed escape-motivated problem behavior. Results showed that all participants' responding was sensitive to changes in quality and duration of reinforcement. That is, participants allocated responding to the response that produced the highest quality and longest duration of reinforcement. These results are consistent with previous literature on choice when two concurrent schedules of reinforcement were in effect. Implications for practice are discussed, as well as future research that could expand the findings.
Angiographic improvement after rapid intermittent compression treatment [ArtAssist®] for small vessel obstruction

A case is presented of a female ex-smoker who underwent bypass or exploration of all three below-knee arteries with failed results. Three separate arteriograms, performed at other academic institutions, demonstrated progressive, severe involvement of the pedal arteries. Therefore, the patient was prepared to undergo below-knee amputation surgery for uncontrollable rest pain and progressive necrosis of the forefoot; instead, the patient underwent 4 months of intermittent compression treatment. A fourth arteriogram, performed after 4 months of intermittent compression treatment (using rapid inflation/deflation and high-pressure cycle; ArtAssist®) demonstrated marked improvement of the posterior tibial artery runoff and development of more extensive collateral arteries in the calf. The patient's rest pain subsided and successful limb salvage was accomplished with a modified transmetatarsal amputation. This case could encourage other practitioners to repeat arteriography after compression treatments, which may redirect the treatment plan for selected patients with critical limb ischemia and nonreconstructable peripheral vascular disease.
The Influence of Familiarity on Judgments of Treated Speech

Three groups of 10 naive listeners transcribed sentences produced by a dysarthric speaker. The first group (Control) transcribed sentences that the speaker read in her customary manner. A second gr...
Inter-Satellite Communications for Small Satellite Systems

Small satellite technology has opened a new era in aerospace engineering by decreasing space mission costs, without greatly reducing the performance. The concept of formation flying using small satellites is becoming popular because of their potential to perform coordinated measurements of remote sensing space missions. The current state of art in satellite communications is a one hop link between satellite and ground station. Very little work has been done on inter-satellite communications. This paper aims to design and evaluate feasible MAC and routing layer protocols for distributed small satellite networks. The possibility to implement proposed MAC and routing protocols for two different formation flying patterns are investigated. To validate the authorsâ€™ proposed system model, they use extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the system using throughput, access delay and end-to-end delay.
Incorporating Patient-reported Outcomes in Total Joint Arthroplasty Registries: Challenges and Opportunities

Background Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) registries traditionally have focused on implant longevity and rates of revision surgery. Registries would benefit from the addition of standardized patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as pain relief and improved physical function. However, PROs have not been routinely adopted, and their incorporation into TJA registries presents challenges.
Elimination of single-strand breaks in phage DNA.

Abstract The natural single-strand breaks found in the DNA of Escherichia coli phages T7 and λ can be eliminated either by growth in a medium maintained at slightly alkaline pH or by growth on a host carrying the mutation lop 8.
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cycasin in cycad flour

Abstract A method for the quantitative determination of cycasin from cycad flour by gas-liquid chromatography is described. The flour is extracted with 70% ethanol and the residue from the dried extract is directly trimethylsilylated. Androsterone was found to be an excellent internal standard. The average content of cycasin from ten separate analyses of one lot of flour was 0.429 gm 100 gm . The method is rapid, sensitive, and not hindered by contaminating compounds.
Numerical aspects of solving differential equations: laboratory approach for students

ABSTRACT Three labs are described which are designed to enlighten students in a first course on ordinary differential equations about three of the most common numerical difficulties they might encounter when solving initial value problems with a numerical software package. It is intended that these labs will give students enough background understanding of the numerical solver so that they can independently work through common numerical anomalies.
Nuclear morphometry adds significant prognostic information to stage and grade for renal cell carcinoma

Objectives. Identification of patients with a high probability of recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is required for adjuvant studies of new therapies. Nuclear morphometry predicts prognosis for prostate, bladder, and Wilms’ tumors and in RCC according to previous small pilot studies. Methods. To validate this finding, we studied an additional 101 patients who underwent nephrectomy for Stage pT1 to pT3 RCC at our institution from 1977 to 1993 for whom data regarding recurrence or disease-free survival of greater than 60 months were available. Patient records and pathology specimens were reviewed. Of the 101 patients, 66 (65%) did not experience recurrence with greater than 60 months of follow-up, and 35 (35%) had RCC recurrence with a median time to recurrence of 17 months. Nuclear shape descriptors were tested as predictors of disease recurrence after accounting for stage and grade in proportional hazards regression models. Results. Range of ellipticity (hazards ratio 3.39, P = 0.014) was confirmed to be a significant predictor of recurrence. A prognostic model using stage, grade, and range of ellipticity identified three distinct groups: low, moderate, and high recurrence risk groups, with recurrence rates of 4%, 37%, and 63%, respectively, at 5 years of follow-up. Morphometry significantly (P = 0.018) improved prognostication on the basis of stage and grade alone in this multivariate model. Conclusions. Nuclear morphometry is valid and accurate in predicting relapse in early-stage RCC. The model can select patients with RCC for adjuvant therapies.
Fast-iterative technique for the calculation of frequency-dependent gain in excimer laser amplifiers

The motivation in initiating these calculations is to allow observation of the frequency evolution of a laser pulse as it propagates through an amplifier and then through a sequence of amplifiers. The question this paper tries to answer is what pulse shape must be produced out of a front-end oscillator so that after it propagates through the whole Aurora KrF fusion amplifier chain it will result in high energy, broad-band laser fields of a given bandwidth that can be focused onto a fusion target. The propagation of single frequency source through an amplifier with distributed loss was considered by Rigrod and was significantly expanded by Hunter and Hunter. The latter included amplified spontaneous emission [ASE] considerations both in the direction of and transverse to the coherent field. Analytic solutions that include forward and backward propagating fields and ASE were derived which were transcendental in nature but allowed for fairly easy computer calculations. Transverse ASE were calculated using the saturated gain resulting from longitudinal fields and were used to compare this with the longitudinal fields. Thus, the influence of the transverse ASE were not folded back into the longitudinal field equations. Large computer programs are now available at LANL which include the influence of transverse ASE on the longitudinal fields. However, none of these considerations have worried about the changes in the frequency characteristics of the propagating field or of how each of the frequency field components contributes to the saturation of the gain. The inclusion of full frequency characteristics to the analytic solutions of Hunter and Hunter proved impossible at least for this author and a new calculation technique was developed and is the subject of this talk.
Characterization of κ opioid receptors in the rabbit ear artery

Abstract Quantitative characterization of the κ opioid receptor in the rabbit ear artery was carried out using three κ-selective agonist compounds, dynorphin-(1–13), U-69593 and ethylketocyclazocine. Kinetic analysis was performed using the antagonist, MR 2266. Two other in vitro preparations were studied for comparison: the mouse was deferens and rabbit vas deferens. To avoid μ receptor action in the mouse was deferens the irreversible μ receptor antagonist, β-funaltrexamine, was used. It was demonstrated that, using the highly selective κ agonist compound U-69593, K e values for MR 2266 obtained in the three assay systems were not significantly different. These results suggest that κ receptors present in these three tissues share identical properties.
Modeling with microcomputers for operations research

Abstract Perhaps the field of operations research would not exist if not for the widespread availability of mainframe computers allowing the successful solution of large scale linear programs and the simulation of large, stochastic systems. But the mainframe has limitations in terms of accessibility which hinders the modeling process. Modeling is a dynamic, interactive process requiring frequent modification and verification of a proposed model. Using a mainframe has reduced the spontaneity of this process because of difficult operating systems, long turnaround times and programs with inconvenient data input and voluminous information output. The advent and subsequent improvements in microcomputer hardware and software has remarkably increased the accessibility to model structures and compressed the time required for the feedback so necessary to creative modeling. This study investigates some of the capabilities of microcomputers that can be effectively used to improve the modeling process.
Tektites and microtektites: key facts and inferences

Abstract Tektites are generally small, black, rounded, silicate glass bodies found scattered over several widely separated areas of the Earth's surface called strewn fields. Four major tektite strewn fields are known: (1) Australasian, (2) Ivory Coast, (3) Czechoslovakian and (4) North American. Tektites from these four strewn fields have been dated at 0.7, 1, 15, and 34 Ma respectively. Most tektites are splash forms (i.e., spheres, teardrops, dumbbells, etc.), but some have undergone a second period of melting to produce ablated forms. Tektites with a blocky, layered appearance are called Muong Nong-types. Microtektites (microscopic tektites) belonging to the Australasian, Ivory Coast and North American strewn fields have been found in deep-sea sediments. The geographic occurrence and abundance of microtektites at each site have been used to determine the size and mass of each strewn field. The Australasian, Ivory Coast and North American strewn fields contain 100 million, 20 million and 1 billion tonnes of glass respectively. Although tektites resemble obsidian, they can be distinguished from terrestrial volcanic glasses by their composition and petrography. Tektites, for example, are drier than volcanic glasses and have higher FeO/Fe 2 O 3 ratios. In addition, tektites, unlike volcanic glasses, contain lechatelierite particles (SiO 2 glass) and are devoid of primary crystallites. Although some authors favor a lunar volcanic origin, most of the compositional and petrographic data indicate a terrestrial impact origin. The major, trace, and isotopic compositions of tektites indicate that the parent material was a terrestrial sedimentary deposit, and the presence of lechatelierite, coesite and shocked relict inclusions favors an impact origin. Furthermore, two tektite strewn fields have been associated with known impact craters, and tektites from one strewn field have been found associated with impact ejecta. Unlike the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer, microtektite layers are not associated with mass extinctions or iridium anomalies.
Effects of sodium chloride on the fatty acids composition in Boekelovia hooglandii (Ochromonadales, Chrysophyceae)

SUMMARY Composition of fatty acids in Boekelovia hooglandii Nicolai et Baas Becking (Chrysophyceae) was investigated as a function of salinity. It was confirmed by gas chromatography that the composition of fatty acids in cells cultured in a 50 mmol L−1 NaCl medium consisted of C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:0, C20:4, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6, in which C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:4, C20:0, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6 were main constituents. When the cells were cultured in a medium with different concentrations of NaCl ranging from 50 to 800 mmol L−1, the mole percentage of fatty acids such as C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1 decreased with increases in the salinity, while the mole percentage of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C18:4, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6 increased. When the cells were transferred from a 200 mmol L−1 NaCl medium to a 600 mmol L−1 NaCl medium, a decrease in mole percentage of C14:0, C16:0 and C16:1, and an increase in C18:4, C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6 were observed within 4 h. However, no change in the compositions of fatty acids was observed within 4 h when the cells were transferred from a 600 mmol L−1 NaCl medium to a 200 mmol L−1 NaCl one. The increase in the content of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids was considered to reflect the rapid response to upshock and to be the characteristic of salt tolerance in B. hooglandii.
Defect Passivation Kinetics and Small Geometry Effects in Polysilicon Thin Film Transistors

The effects of hydrogen plasma passivation on n-channel polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors fabricated with a maximum temperature of 600°C are investigated. It is found that charge, sharing, avalanche multiplication, grain size, and gate edge in-situ passivation or even partial hydrogenation can all contribute to the small geometry effect. At low drain bias, the channel charges supported by the source and drain fringing fields cause threshold shifts for short channel devices; at high drain bias avalanche multiplication is the dominant effect. The charge sharing effect may be related to the unpassivated trap-states in the channel since thresholds of fully hydrogenated devices became independent of channel length at low drain bias. The threshold shifts of narrow width devices were also diminished with increasing hydrogenation time. An anomalous turn-around effect of the field effect mobility in saturation regime for the short channel devices is observed near saturated hydrogenation. This effect is probably due to the passivation of back-channel defects and the reduction in impact ionization rate by hydrogenation. Saturated hydrogenation not only improves device performance but also reduces small geometry effects. Avalanche multiplication remains the dominant mechanism for short channel effect in the saturated hydrogenated devices.
Calculation of the virtual photon spectrum for a finite nucleus in distorted wave methods

Abstract The electron virtual photon spectrum is calculated for a finite nucleus in distorted wave methods for E1, E2, E3 and M1 transitions. Evaluation of the external radial integrals is made in terms of a series of incomplete gamma functions. Internal radial integrals are evaluated using charge and current distributions which are model independent up to an incident electron energy of about 200 MeV.
Annual Changes in Bluebunch Wheatgrass Biomass and Nutrients Related to Climate and Wildfire

Abstract Current year's growth (biomass) and nutrient levels of bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata), a highly palatable bunchgrass in western North America, were evaluated over 20-year and 10-year periods, respectively. Three study sites representing a range of variation in conditions were located on south-facing slopes. Annual biomass ranged from 5.6 to 109.0 gm m-2 on individual sites with means for all sites of 42.7 gm m-2 (range 17.5–73.3 gm m-2), with April and May precipitation best predicting the variation. Variation was highest on the site lowest in elevation and highest in biomass. A fire in August 2000 that burned all study sites suppressed biomass for the following two years, aided by lower than average precipitation. The highest elevation site had higher mean values of Cu, Mg, N, K, P, S, and Zn than the two lower sites, but the greatest range of values occurred on one of the two lower sites for Ca, Fe, K, Mg, N, P, and S. Combinations of temperature and precipitation predicted Ca, ...
Zea mays ontology – a database of international terms

Data retrieval, comprehension and sharing within and between plant-based databases are essential to exploit comparative genomic information to elucidate functional aspects of plant biology and to conduct studies of synteny and homology. However, the functionality is often hampered by the variability of terms used to describe comparable objects. The Zea mays Plant Structure Ontology database is designed to overcome this problem via the provision of a controlled vocabulary that facilitates knowledge sharing. It comprises international botanical terms, references, synonyms, and phylogenetic information and is open-source.
Fiscal policy and the current account new evidence from four East Asian countries

The long-run relation and short-run dynamics of fiscal policy and current account is examined using time-series data on four East Asian economies – South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The purpose of the study is to test the validity of two alternative views on budget deficits – the Ricardian and Keynesian theories. According to Ricardians, given the path government spending, a rise in budget deficits has no effect of national savings, investment and the current account. In contrast, Keynesian theory suggests that such tax cuts reduce national savings and result in current account deficits. Empirical results based on cointegration model and Error Correction Model (ECM) over 1975–2008 are broadly consistent with the Ricardian view.
Simulation Of Freeway Incident Detection Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abstract A major source of traffic delay in many large urban areas in the United States is non-recurring congestion caused by incidents. In the last several decades, a number of incident detection algorithms have been developed for freeway surveillance and control systems. However, conventional algorithms have generally met with mixed success in terms of performance criteria, such as detection rate, false alarm rate, and the mean time to detect incidents. The need for improved techniques is pressing, particularly with the advent of intelligent vehicle-highway system concepts. These systems will rely heavily on the ability to detect non-recurring traffic congestion automatically. In this paper, we hypothesize that spatial and temporal traffic patterns can be recognized and classified by an artificial neural network, and we present an investigation of such models for the automated detection of lane blocking incidents in a one-mile section of urban freeway. The artificial neural network was trained with data obtained from a microscopic freeway traffic simulation model that was specially calibrated for the actual freeway test section. The neural network first classifies the traffic state of the freeway section into either “incident-free” or “incident” conditions in every 30-second interval. The change in traffic state from incident-free to incident conditions is then used to trigger an incident alarm. Based on the results of an off-line test using simulated data, and comparisons with the well known California incident detection algorithm and the recently developed modified McMaster algorithm, the results suggest that neural network models have the potential to achieve significant improvements in incident-detection performance.
Facts, truth and bad journalists in the movies:

Scholars have called for cultural analyses of the press that are more attuned to journalists’ self-image as disciples of facts and truth while also critically examining the contradictions within th...