cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shell Orientation Terminology among the Bivalvia (Mollusca): Problems and Proposed Solutions

Traditional terms used to describe shell orientation in bivalves are unsatisfactory in three important ways: 1) for poorly known bivalve taxa, unbiased and directionally neutral terms are sometimes needed to replace anterior and posterior where data are incomplete; 2) there is a striking absence of simple terms to apply to the long and short ends of the shell; and 3) the term lateral is either incorrectly or inconsistently applied. In the following discussion, I shall explore each of these issues and suggest remediation. Although application of terminology describing shell orientation is unlikely to be an issue among extant bivalve taxa, identifying anterior and posterior ends of the shell can sometimes be a speculative business when dealing either with juveniles of living bivalves (Hoggarth, 1987) or, more commonly, with poorly studied or specialized fossil groups, especially where the internal morphology of the shell is either ambiguous, weakly impressed, or limited by preservation. The prevalence of posterior elongation among the Bivalvia has nurtured a disconcerting bias either: 1) to intuitively assume the long end of the shell to be posterior within published descriptions; or 2) to confuse right and left valves in figure captions and typological registers. In passing, it should be noted that the problem of distinguishing “head-from-tail” is not unique to the study of bivalves, but has been a significant issue in other molluscan studies, for example, sorting out the several univalve groups within the polyphyletic “Class” Monoplacophora (see Peel, 1991). Among bivalves, beaks and umbones are rarely central in position; instead, they are placed either in front of or behind the center. Bivalves are thus described as either posteriorly elongate or anteriorly elongate , implying an a priori understanding of the orientation of the soft anatomy within the shell. Whereas the greatest diversity of bivalves favors the posteriorly …
Using Web-Mediated Experiential Case-Based Instruction to Teach Functional Behavioral Assessment Skills

This article describes three Web-mediated experiential case strategies employed with preservice teachers to facilitate practice of functional behavioral assessment skills. A pre-posttest group experimental design was used to examine the effects of three case-based teaching tactics on students' knowledge and application of information to conduct functional assessments. The results suggested that the three teaching tactics were equally effective in facilitating the application of functional behavioral assessment skills. However, there were some differences in the students' perceptions about the relevance and meaningfulness of their experiences as a means to teach functional assessment skills. Technology issues and other variables that could have influenced the results are discussed.
Frontiers in Gastroenterology

There have been a number of exciting advancements and changes in the gastroenterology field over the last few years. A new mesalamine formulation, balsalazide disodium, is now available for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Balsalazide may be utilized as first line therapy for patients with UC, or patients who are intolerant to other mesalamine preparations. In the area of irritable bowel syndrome, alosetron was removed from the market after reports that it was associated with severe constipation and death, although a causal relationship could not be established. Published data examines the risk of certain medications and the development of reflux disease and esophageal adenocarcinoma.Also, new proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are available, esomeprazole, as well as alternate methods of administration for others. The first intravenous PPI, pantoprazole, is available in the United States, although currently there is a paucity of data regarding its efficacy. Peptic ulcer disease is also discussed, incl...
Sensors and automatic data acquisition

In Chapter 2 we focused on the architecture of the brains of a control system, the microprocessor and associated memory and input/output devices. If the computer is the brains, sensors are the eyes and ears of the control system. In computer control applications in manufacturing, sensors are as important as the computer itself. Sensors can be used to provide real time information for directly controlling processes as well as provide information for data logging purposes; for example, to provide a count of the daily units produced off a particular manufacturing line.
Distichochlamys rubrostriata (Zingiberaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam

Abstract Distichochlamys rubrostriata (Zingiberaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam. Brittonia 55: 205–208. 2003.—A third species of the until recently monotypic genus Distichochlamys (Zingiberaceae) is described from living and preserved material collected in northern Vietnam. Distichochlamys rubrostriata is distinguished from the original species, D. citrea, and the recently described D. orlowii, on the basis of leaf, inflorescence bract, lateral staminode, and labellum characters.
Is Access to Environmental Information a Fundamental Human Right

Can access to information held by the State be seen as a fundamental right of the individual and a crucial component of democracy? What about access to environmental information? This Article attempts to answer these questions by exploring international treaties and agreements, national constitutions, and national information laws. The Article starts by providing some background and history on the issue of public access to government records. It analyzes the extent of the right of access to information, restrictions on access to information, procedures for obtaining information from governmental agencies, and remedies for violating the right of access to information. It also identifies problems that frequently arise in the field of public access to information and makes recommendations for promoting public access to environmental information, based on examples where such practices are already in place.
Statistical Analysis of CFD Solutions from the Third AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (Invited)

The first AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop, held in June 2001, evaluated the results from an extensive N-version test of a collection of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes CFD codes. The code-to-code scatter was more than an order of magnitude larger than desired for design and experimental validation of cruise conditions for a subsonic transport configuration. The second AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop, held in June 2003, emphasized the determination of installed pylon-nacelle drag increments and grid refinement studies. The code-to-code scatter was significantly reduced compared to the first DPW, but still larger than desired. However, grid refinement studies showed no significant improvement in code-to-code scatter with increasing grid refinement. The third Drag Prediction Workshop focused on the determination of installed side-of-body fairing drag increments and grid refinement studies for clean attached flow on wing alone configurations and for separated flow on the DLR-F6 subsonic transport model. This work evaluated the effect of grid refinement on the code-to-code scatter for the clean attached flow test cases and the separated flow test cases.
The regulation of social interaction in everyday life A replication and extension of O’Connor and Rosenblood (1996)

The present investigation replicates O’Connor and Rosenblood’s (1996) experience sampling study of the homeostatic regulation of social interaction and addresses the statistical limitations of the original study. Using community (N = 62) and student (N = 54) samples, multilevel model results indicated that desire to be alone reduces future likelihood of social interaction (N = 2722), which replicates the original study’s findings. Results suggest that social interaction is regulated within each day; yesterday’s desire for contact is unassociated with today’s interaction frequency. Individuals’ optimal social interaction state changed from no-contact desired to contact desired over the day, but results did not support the original study’s claim regarding social satiation. Future directions for the study of social interaction regulation are discussed.
‘Cargo Cult’ Science in Traditional Organization and Information Systems Survey Research: A Case for Using Nontraditional Methods of Data Collection, Including Mechanical Turk and Online Panels

Traditional organizational and information systems (IS) researchers have stridently resisted data collections using online data panels, such as Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Although many of their concerns are legitimate, we strongly disagree with the grounds and substance of their reasons for avoiding such data collections — especially their flawed assumption that paper-based survey methods are inherently superior simply based on “tradition,” which is a highly unscientific practice we label as “cargo cult science.” To address this issue, we summarize several of the major criticisms traditionalists use against MTurk data, and we explain (1) how many of these criticisms apply more strongly to traditional survey methods, and (2) how by using advanced features of MTurk in conjunction with survey software such as Qualtrics or Survey Monkey, researchers can navigate around many of these limitations. We conclude by demonstrating several leading practices that can be used to achieve high quality data collections with MTurk and the several advantages of doing so. Nonetheless, even when conducting traditional paper-based surveys, researchers can benefit from several (not all) of the leading methodological practices that have been developed by those who have pushed the boundaries of data collection using online panels — including for organization-level data collections. We conclude by cautioning that no “proven” method without inherent flaws exists, and organizational and IS research would benefit from a clearer articulation and understanding of the range of methods and data sources available, along with their limitations and advantages.
Functional Complications After Colon and Rectal Surgery

Although colorectal surgeons are adept at discussing potential complications of colorectal surgery, they may not be as thorough in the discussion of functional outcomes. Bowel dysfunction after low colorectal or coloanal anastomoses is extremely common and underappreciated. Low anterior resection syndrome can occur in up to 80 % of patients, including symptoms of urgency, stool fragmentation, incontinence, and frequency. Sexual dysfunction, urinary symptoms, and stool leakage (causing difficult hygiene and perianal skin irritation) can also cause a significant decrease in quality of life. The etiology of these functional outcomes includes damage to the pelvic nerves or sphincter complex, resection of all or a portion of the rectum, as well as disturbances in motility and radiotherapy damage. Treatment includes medical and dietary measures including utilization of colonic irrigation and improved perianal cleaning and bowel habits as well as pelvic floor physical therapy. Novel treatments for functional problems after colorectal surgery are currently being investigated.
The Resolution Dependence of Contiguous U.S. Precipitation Extremes in Response to CO2 Forcing

AbstractPrecipitation extremes have a widespread impact on societies and ecosystems; it is therefore important to understand current and future patterns of extreme precipitation. Here, a set of new global coupled climate models with varying atmospheric resolution has been used to investigate the ability of these models to reproduce observed patterns of precipitation extremes and to investigate changes in these extremes in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The atmospheric resolution was increased from 2° × 2° grid cells (typical resolution in the CMIP5 archive) to 0.25° × 0.25° (tropical cyclone permitting). Analysis has been confined to the contiguous United States (CONUS). It is shown that, for these models, integrating at higher atmospheric resolution improves all aspects of simulated extreme precipitation: spatial patterns, intensities, and seasonal timing. In response to 2 × CO2 concentrations, all models show a mean intensification of precipitation rates during extreme events of a...
Chymical Exotica in the Seventeenth Century, or, How to Make the Bologna Stone

The Bologna Stone, a mineral that became luminescent after chymical treatment, represents one of several “chymical exotica” eagerly sought by natural philosophers of the seventeenth century. Curiously, by mid-century the way to make it luminescent was considered a “lost secret” even though several methods had been repeatedly published. This disconnect between published recipes and experimental failures was explained in part by the investigations of Wilhelm Homberg (1653–1715), later the leading chymist of the Academie Royale des Sciences, and in part by the present author's modern reproduction of Homberg's process. This paper describes both endeavours, and explores the often-overlooked difficulties presented by even “trivial” materials involved in experimentation, and how practical reproduction of historical processes (including visits to important locales) can provide a deeper and more vivid understanding of texts as part of our project to better understand the past. It concludes by reflecting on the imp...
A compact microstrip slot antenna array for digital beamforming and MIMO applications

This work presents a compact microstrip slot antenna array for digital beamforming and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) applications. Unlike the conventional arrays, furnished with parallel RF channels, the proposed array consists of four switchable slot radiators in series and operates at 5.5 GHz. This array offers several advantages such as compactness, low cost, and compatibility with MMICs. With the implementation of spatial multiplexing of local elements (SMILE) techniques, the array is able to receive information from multiple spatial channels using a single RF front-end. Design issues and digital beamforming performance of the antenna array are discussed. It is expected this array can be used for high speed mobile communication where MIMO or beamforming applications are needed.
Postprandial energy metabolism and substrate oxidation in response to the inclusion of a sugar- or non-nutritive sweetened beverage with meals differing in protein content

The macronutrient composition of the diet may play a more important role in maintaining a healthy body weight and preventing obesity than previously thought. The primary goal of this research was to determine the extent to which the simple addition of a small serving of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) to meals with different macronutrient compositions impacts appetite, energy metabolism and substrate oxidation. Appetite, energy metabolism and substrate oxidation were measured in 27 healthy weight adults (age = 23 ± 5 y; BMI = 23 ± 2 kg/m2) on two occasions in a room calorimeter after consuming a SSB or a non-nutritive-sweetened beverage (NNSB) with a standard (15%E) or high- (30%E) protein meal. Meal carbohydrate (CHO) content was adjusted to maintain equivalent calories for both study visits. All meals were composed of the same foods and provided 17 g of fat and 500 non-beverage calories. Study visits were separated by at least 1 week and menstruating females were studied during the luteal phase (Days 15–20). The effects of sex, protein level and beverage type and their interactions on satiety, appetite for foods with specific taste profiles, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and rates of substrate oxidation were assessed using a 3-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Increasing dietary protein decreased hunger and increased satiety. Males were hungrier and less satisfied with the meals than females. Increasing dietary protein also decreased the desire to eat something savory, salty and fatty and the males had a greater appetite for food with these taste profiles. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex, dietary protein or beverage type on the desire to eat something sweet. The inclusion of a SSB markedly suppressed DIT (2.42% ± 5.91%) and fat oxidation (9.87 ± 11.09 g). Appetite sensations, food preferences, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation are significantly altered in response to changes in meal macronutrient composition produced by modifications in the protein content of a meal and consumption of a SSB. Most notably, consumption of a SSB during a meal markedly reduces energy efficiency and fat oxidation independent of macronutrient composition. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02211599 , registered August 05, 2014.
Systematic review of stress-related injury vulnerability in athletic and occupational contexts

Abstract Injury is a pervasive, expensive and, to some extent, preventable problem. Stress is a psychological risk factor for injury but little is known about how stress processes compare in athletic and occupational contexts. This paper reviews research on stress-related injury vulnerability in athletic and occupational contexts to characterize and compare samples, methods, and conclusions from the perspective of an integrated model of stress-related injury vulnerability. A comprehensive search of four major databases identified research in both athletic (n = 34) and occupational contexts (n = 22). Studies were coded to extract characteristics of the samples, research designs, measures, and conclusions about stress-injury relations. Studies used more prospective than cross-sectional or case control research designs. Injury was most frequently defined as missing one subsequent day of training or work (35.7%). Approximately 75% of the identified studies in each context indicated a positive association between stress and injury occurrence. The consistency of findings suggested a robust stress-related injury vulnerability for both exposures and responses, however, caution is warranted due to the diversity of measures and surveillance periods and the lack of experimental designs. New hypotheses are identified to refine models of stress-related injury vulnerability in athletic and occupational contexts.
Electroclinic effect in chiral smectic-A liquid crystal elastomers.

Chiral smectic-A liquid crystal elastomers are rubbery materials composed of a lamellar arrangement of liquid crystalline mesogens. It has been shown experimentally that these materials shear when subjected to an electric field due to the electrically induced tilt of the director. Experiments have also shown that shearing a chiral smectic-A elastomer gives rise to a polarization. Roughly, the shear force tilts the directors which, in turn, induce electric dipoles. This paper builds on previous works and models the electromechanical response of smectic-A elastomers using free energy contributions that are associated with the lamellar structure, the relative tilt between the director and the layer normal, and the coupling between the director and the electric field. To illustrate the merit of the proposed model, two cases are considered—a deformation induced polarization and an electrically induced deformation. The predictions according to these two models qualitatively agree with experimental findings. Finally, a cylinder composed of helical smectic layers is also considered. It is shown that the electromechanical response varies as a function of the helix angle.
Industrial Remains: Community Narratives of Mashapaug Pond in Providence, Rhode Island

Working at the intersection of environmental history and oral history, this chapter argues that oral history interviews are vital to understanding Rhode Island’s Mashapaug Pond, a small body of water in a densely populated city, and other sites contaminated by toxic waste. Recent revelations about environmental pollution from local industrial production have changed people’s relationship with the pond. Although once disregarded, their recollections about industrial dumping and questionable environmental conditions from the 1950s to present are now commonly shared, providing a history of pollution and leading residents to question the ways they thought they knew the pond. Interviews suggest that many residents remain deeply connected to Mashapaug, demonstrating the resilience of place attachment and the ways that memories of the past can shape people’s imagination of a place’s future.
Eikonal scattering and asymptotic superluminality of massless higher spin fields

We consider scattering of massless higher-spin particles in the eikonal regime in four dimensions. By demanding the absence of asymptotic superluminality, corresponding to positivity of the eikonal phase, we place constraints on the possible cubic couplings which can appear in the theory. The cubic couplings come in two types: lower-derivative non-Abelian vertices and higher-derivative Abelian vertices made out of gauge-invariant curvature tensors. We find that the Abelian couplings between massless higher spins lead to an asymptotic time advance for certain choices of polarizations, indicating that these couplings should be absent unless new states come in at the scale suppressing the derivatives in these couplings. A subset of non-Abelian cubic couplings are consistent with eikonal positivity, but are ruled out by consistency of the four-particle amplitude away from the eikonal limit. The eikonal constraints are, therefore, complementary to the four-particle test, ruling out even trivial cubic curvature couplings in any theory with a finite number of massless higher spins and no new physics at the scale suppressing derivatives in these vertices.
Cognition as a cause, consequence, and component of welfare

Abstract A surge of interest in cognitive science has revealed unexpectedly impressive cognitive abilities in many species, including many farmed animals such as salmon, cows, and chickens. Along with these discoveries, animal welfare scientists have uncovered evidence suggesting that animals are motivated to exercise their cognitive skills and may suffer when prevented from doing so. Moreover, environments that tend to produce good welfare also tend to improve cognitive capacity, and yet, conversely, certain stressful experiences can actually enhance aspects of cognitive function. Beyond influencing cognitive ability, research has shown that good welfare also involves characteristic cognitive propensities—the motivation to seek out new information as well as the tendency to process ambiguous information positively (optimistically) versus negatively (pessimistically). How can we make sense of these complex patterns? This chapter covers the ways in which cognition—mental actions related to the processing of information—is simultaneously a cause, consequence, and component of welfare. Further disentangling the cognition–welfare relationship promises to lead to novel scientific discoveries and will help us to continue to improve the lives of the animals under our care.
Vertically oriented metamaterial broadband linear polariser

Control and manipulation of polarisation is an important topic for imaging and light matter interactions. In the infrared regime, the large wavelengths make wire grid polarisers (WGPs) a viable option, as it is possible to create periodic arrays of metallic wires at that scale. The recent advent of metamaterials has spurred an increase in non-traditional polariser motifs centred around more complicated repeat units, which potentially provide more functionality. The authors explore the use of 2D arrays of single and back-to-back vertically oriented cross dipoles arranged in a cubic in-plane silicon matrix. They show that both single and back-to-back versions have higher rejection ratios and larger bandwidths than either WGPs or 2D arrays of linear dipoles.
Optical coherence tomography angiography and cutaneous wound healing

Background: Examination of the skin’s vascular and structural features is essential in clinical, medical, and research dermatology. However, there is a lack of comprehensive imaging tools that clearly and accurately evaluates the skin’s vascular and structural features. Current techniques are invasive and have inherent preparatory drawbacks. Aim: To use optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for a more accurate depiction of vessels in the skin without the use of a dye or other invasive techniques to visualize and asses the role of the skin’s vasculature during the process’ of wound healing. Method: We used an in-house-built, swept source-OCT system to perform OCTA analyses so as to image the vascular features of a cutaneous wound to a depth of 1.2 mm as it was healing. Key vascular parameters, such as vessel density and diameter, were measured at various depths to elucidate how depth might influence the vascular response. Observation: We found that alterations to the vasculature of the skin are linked to active healing. The first response of the superficial vessels observed here is to increase in diameter, whilst the first response of the deeper vessels is to increase in density. Additionally, the superficial vessels appear to normalize at an earlier compared to deeper vessels. Conclusion: OCTA is capable of imaging and distinguishing the complex collection of events that play pivotal roles in the repair of healthy skin that could be useful in the assessment of skin repair and treatment after injury or surgery.
Examining Head-Down Time in Transportation: Case Study in Single-Pilot General Aviation Operations:

The “head-down time” problem refers to the potential inability of an operator (e.g., pilot, car driver, or train driver) to divide his or her attention optimally between the primary visual field (e...
The Oxford Handbook of American Immigration and Ethnicity

Review of: "The Oxford Handbook of American Immigration and Ethnicity", edited by Ronald H. Bayor.
Brain Acetylcholine and Animal Electrophysiology

This review concerns the relationship between electrophysiological activity of the brain and the central cholinergic system. This dipole may be construed in a sense so broad as to be beyond the space limitations of this article; thus, further defining is necessary. Electrophysiological activity to be reviewed here is generated by neuronal populations rather than single neurons, as it involves cholinergically mediated changes in ongoing electrical activity of neuronal populations referred to as electroencephalograph (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), etc. Another major response of neuronal populations, which is also the subject of this review is the compound potential evoked by peripheral or brain stimulation (EP). On the other hand, while the EEG and ECoG are generated by the summation of individual postsynaptic potentials and related phenomena, the pertinent unitary mechanisms whether concerning noncholinergic or cholinoceptive and cholinergic neurons cannot be reviewed in the present context.
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection to the Right Side of the Heart

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the right side of the heart often complicates surgery for atrial septal defects. Between 1964 and 1987, 39 patients, ranging from 2 to 52 years old, underwent repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. At least one anomalous pulmonary vein arose from the right upper lobe in 38 patients and right middle lobe in 30 patients and connected to the superior vena cava in 28 patients and the right atrium only in 11 patients. An atrial septal defect was present in 32 patients (82%). Patients who had partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava-right atrium junction, the right atrium or both were treated by septal translocation (two patients) or patch redirection of the anomalous pulmonary venous flow to the left atrium through a native atrial septal defect (eight patients) or a surgically created atrial septal defect in two patients with intact atrial septum. For partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the high superior vena cava (27 patients), the superior vena cava was transected and oversewn above the anomalous veins. The anomalous pulmonary venous flow was redirected through the proximal superior vena cava into the left atrium across a sinus venous atrial septum defect (22 patients) or a surgically created atrial septal defect in five patients with intact atrial septum. The atrial septal defect was coapted to the intracardiac orifice of the superior vena cava, and the distal superior vena cava was anastomosed to the right atrial appendage. One 31-year-old woman with severe pulmonary hypertension died early and was the only death in the series. A technical error early in the series resulted in one symptomatic superior vena cava obstruction. Only one patient remains in sick sinus syndrome late. All patients remain well over long follow-up (1 to 24 years). Postoperative catheterization or echocardiography has revealed no intracardiac defects, pulmonary venous obstruction, or superior vena cava obstruction (except the one technical error). Correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection should be individualized according to the site of connection of the anomalous pulmonary veins and the location of the atrial defect to minimize undesirable postoperative sequelae often associated with other methods of repair.
Zoom in iOS Clones: Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of Mobile App Copycats

In this paper, we examine the emerging copycat issue in the mobile apps market. Using machine learning techniques on large-scale unstructured data, we detect two types of copycats (deceptive and non-deceptive) from 10,100 action game apps from iOS App Store over five years. Based on our detected copycats, we model the key drivers of mobile app copycats as well as their major impacts. Our results indicate significant heterogeneity in the interactions between copycats and original apps over time: (1) Non-deceptive copycats are reluctant to enter the market when the original app is popular and free. However, this negative effect does not hold in other cases; (2) Copycats can be either friends or foes of the original apps. High quality copycats always have a negative effect on the original app downloads. Interestingly, low quality deceptive copycats have a positive effect on the original app downloads, suggesting a potential positive spillover effect.
Effect of Adrenalectomy, Adrenal Medullectomy and Hypophysectomy on the Daily Mitotic Rhythm in the Corneal Epithelium of the Rat

An almost ubiquitous daily rhythm in the rate of cell division of mitotically labile tissues is well documented in both plants and animals. Recent publications (Bunning, 1964; Sollerberger, 1965) adequately review the literature. The corneal epithelium of a number of animals has an exceptionally pronounced daily mitotic rhythm (Kosichenko, 1959).
The Ongoing Challenge for a Responsive Demand Supply Network: The Final Frontier—Controlling the Factory

Over the past 20 years organizations have put significant energy into making smarter decisions in their enterprise wide central planning and “available to promise” processes to improve responsiveness (more effective use of assets and more intelligent responses to customer needs and emerging opportunities). However, firms have put only limited energies into factory floor decisions and capacity planning and almost none into generating a tighter coupling between the factory and central planning. The bulk of the work to make “smarter factory decisions” has focused on two simple metrics: increasing output and reducing cycle time—often without accommodating the need to run lots at different velocities and without recognizing how the operating curve (trade-off between lead time and tool utilization—Appendix 3) links them. In fact, many of the recent Lean initiatives have focused on eliminating variability to induce simplicity to achieve improved output or cycle time without concern for the impact on responsiveness or capacity. The purpose of this paper is to (a) make clear the critical, and often overlooked, role of factory responsiveness with respect to central planning; (b) explain how traditional factory planning and the current application of Lean can severely impact the firm’s responsiveness; (c) elaborate on touch points between central and factory planning demonstrating simple tactical methods that can improve responsiveness and protect the factory from churn; (d) explain why smarter dispatch scheduling is critical to successful responsiveness; and (e) outline the basics of smarter dispatch scheduling. Although the focus of this paper is the factory, many of the core concepts apply to a wide range of industries from restaurants to health care delivery.
Book review: Uncertain Reasoning Edited by Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Mateo, California)

This book belongs to the wonderful Morgan Kaufmann Reading series. It is a collection of classical papers on uncertain reasoning, with explanatory introduction in the beginning of every section.
Evaluation of Three Point-of-Care Tests for Detection of Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin IgG and IgM in the United States: Proof of Concept and Challenges.

Background The cost of conventional serological testing for toxoplasmosis discourages universal adoption of prenatal monthly screening programs to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis. Point-of-care (POC) technology may constitute a cost-effective approach. Methods We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 3 Toxoplasma POC tests against gold-standard testing performed at Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory (PAMF-TSL). The POC tests included the following: Toxo IgG/IgM Rapid Test (Biopanda) and the OnSite Toxo IgG/IgM Combo-Rapid-test that detect IgG and IgM separately, and the Toxoplasma ICT-IgG-IgM-bk (LDBIO) that detects either or both immunoglobulin IgG/IgM in combination. Samples were selected from PAMF-TSL biobank (n = 210) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Toxoplasma 1998 Human Serum Panel (n = 100). Based on PAMF-TSL testing, Toxoplasma-infection status was classified in 4 categories: acute infections (n = 85), chronic infections (n = 85), false-positive Toxoplasma IgM (n = 60), and seronegative (n = 80). The POC testing was performed in duplicate following manufacturer's instructions by investigators blinded to PAMF-TSL results. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results A total of 1860 POC tests were performed. For detection of Toxoplasma IgG, sensitivity was 100% (170 of 170; 95% confidence interval [CI], 97.8%-100%) for all 3 POC kits; specificity was also comparable at 96.3% (77 of 80; 95% CI, 89.5%-98.9%), 97.5% (78 of 80; 95% CI, 91.3%-99.6%), and 98.8% (79 of 80; 95% CI, 93.2%-99.9%). However, sensitivity for detection of Toxoplasma IgM varied significantly across POC tests: Biopanda, 62.2% (51 of 82; 95% CI, 51.4%-71.9%); OnSite, 28% (23 of 82; 95% CI, 19.5%-38.6%); and LDBIO combined IgG/IgM, 100% (82 of 82; 95% CI, 95.5%-100%). Diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher for the LDBIO POC kit. The POC kits did not exhibit cross-reactivity for false-positive Toxoplasma-IgM sera. Conclusions The 3 evaluated POC kits revealed optimal sensitivity for Toxoplasma-IgG antibodies. The LDBIO-POC test exhibited 100% sensitivity for the combined detection of IgG/IgM in acute and chronic Toxoplasma infection. Biopanda and Onsite POC tests exhibited poor sensitivity for Toxoplasma-IgM detection.
Prism adaptation improves neglect-related motor perseveration (P5.175)

Prism adaptation may improve motor-intentional deficits in a patient with chronic post-stroke left spatial neglect. While performing four cancellation tasks, he displayed left-sided omissions and three types of motor perseverative errors: additional marks (AM), scribbles, and flying marks (FM). After two weeks of home-based Prism Adaptation therapy, our patient cancelled an average of 19.6[percnt] more targets on all four cancellation tasks and improved significantly on figure copying/drawing. Consistent with Gandola et al 2013 who showed that only AM and FM errors are related to neglect severity, we predicted that PAT would improve these perseverative errors, but have no effect on scribbles. A t-test evaluating percent changes in AM/FM Density (mean = -0.633, std. dev. = 0.243) and in Scribble Density (mean = -0.030, std. dev. = 0.220) showed a trend (one-tailed t(3)=-1.86, p=0.08), but did not reach significance. PAT did decrease the density of AM/FM errors by over 63.3[percnt]. AM and FM errors may be related to motor-intentional Aiming mechanisms, thereby making them more susceptible to prism therapy. Further research is needed to examine whether prism adaptation may be effective for all individuals with AM or FM motor perseverative errors, even if they do not meet the clinical criteria for spatial neglect. Disclosure: Dr. Chaudhari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barrett has received personal compensation for activities with Medscape/emedicine. Dr. Barrett9s institution has received research support from NIH, NIDRR, the Healthcare Foundation of NJ, the Mabel H. Flory Trust, the Wallerstein Foundation for Geria
Reliability and validity of a survey to identify vaccine hesitancy among parents in Changxing county, Zhejiang province

Background: To evaluate the validity and reliability of a survey to identify vaccine hesitancy among parents.Methods: Cross-sectional survey of parents of 19–35 month old children was conducted in ...
Three-Dimensional Printing Applications in Percutaneous Structural Heart Interventions.

Cardiovascular 3-dimensional printing refers to the fabrication of patients’ specific cardiac anatomic replicas based on volumetric imaging data sets obtained by echocardiography, computed tomograp...
Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Hyaluronic Acid in Wound Care: A Case Series and Literature Review

Introduction Esterified hyaluronic acid is part of a unique dressing that can be used for the treatment of difficult, nonprogressive wounds, including venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Objective The data presented herein represent a small retrospective sample of the authors' clinical experience with this unique material. Materials and methods Data were collected from 6 patients with DFUs and 3 patients with VLUs. Patients were assessed at regular intervals, and the change in wound size as well as the percentage of necrotic versus granular tissue were tracked. Results The average time for evaluation was 55.25 days (SD = 2.76 days). During this period, the average change in wound size decreased by 6.43 cm2 (SD = 7.55 cm2), from 7.93 cm2 (SD = 8.12 cm2) to 1.50 cm2 (SD = 0.92 cm2), and developed an increase of 74.38% (SD = 32.01%) coverage with granulation tissue from 46.11% (SD = 22.05%), representing about a 50% increase in granulation tissue over the 55 days of evaluation. Conclusions The presented literature supports the contention that hyaluronic acid is a critical component in the complex cascade of wound healing and most likely is responsible for the clinical wound improvement in the case series presented.
Artificial Intelligence for Public Health

In this talk, we examine artificial intelligence approaches for extracting actionable insights from health care data in order to improve public health. Our goal is to simultaneously identify subpopulations with distinct health risks and health trajectories and find the distinct risk factors or determinants associated each subpopulation. These determinants can then be used treatments, programs, and policies in order to reduce mortality and comorbidity and provide more efficient healthcare. We examine novel cadre machine learning approaches that combine predictive neural network modeling with more traditional statistical epidemiology methods for risk and survival analyses. We embed the cadre methods into a Semantically Targeted Analytics (Semantalytics) System that combines semantics, inference, automatic machine learning, and explainable AI. The AI system translate the public health questions to an analysis plan, prepares data, conducts analysis and reports results with visualization and text. We demonstrated these approach on public health care surveillance datasets and electronic medical records. The award winning “MortalityMinder” app examines the social determinants of “Deaths Despair” (deaths from suicide and substance abuse) and other causes of mortality that are unexpectedly rising in the United States. Other applications include association of environment toxins associated with diseases, high needs patient management for a health management organization, and emergency department readmissions. We conclude with the discussion of the open challenges to create population health AI systems that can transform health care questions into data-driven actionable-insights on the fly.
Entextualizing and contextualizing the status quo in domestic violence narratives

Abstract Victim/survivors of domestic violence are asked to tell their stories many times, in different contexts, and for different audiences. These stories are contextualized for the new context and audience at the same time that they become texts – entextualization – in that context. This article argues that narrative is produced via the co-processes of entextualization and contextualization (Silverstein & Urban, 1996). The co-processes of entextualization/contextualization in domestic violence narratives about staying and leaving violent relationships produce stories that comport with the status quo, as it is envisioned in the stories of the victim/survivors. Using staying/leaving stories of domestic violence victim/survivors, I show that entextualizations/contextualizations are (1) socioculturally saturated processes and (2) rhetorical arguments. I argue that narratives entextualize/contextualize events of domestic violence in ways that involve and comply with the status quo. Ultimately, these processes create discursive resources that reinforce domestic violence.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in cancer patients receiving concomitant active anti-neoplastic therapy at an outpatient cancer setting:

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism is a common complication among cancer patients with an estimated risk of 20%. American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulant...
Strengthening of continuous-span composite bridges using post-tensioning and superimposed trusses

The need for upgrading understrength bridges in the United States has been well documented in the literature. In this thesis, two methods of strengthening are presented: post-tensioning of the positive moment regions of the bridge stringers and the addition of superimposed trusses at the piers. The use of these two systems is an efficient method of reducing flexural overstresses in undercapacity bridges. The objective of the research described in this thesis was to develop a design methodology to assist bridge engineers with designing a strengthening system to obtain the desired stress reductions. In addition, one such strengthening system was designed for use on a three-span continuous steel stringer bridge in the field. A design methodology was developed to simplify the design process for the strengthening system on a typical continuous-span composite bridge. As a result of the longitudinal and transverse force distribution, the design methodology presented in this thesis for continuous-span composite bridges is extremely complex. To simplify the procedure, a spreadsheet has been developed for use by practicing engineers. The force and moment distribution fraction formulas developed in this study are primarily for the Iowa DOT VI2 and V14 three-span four-stringer bridges. These formulas may be used on other bridges if they are within the limits stated in this study. Use of the distribution fraction formulas for bridges not within the stated limits is not recommended. The bridge selected for strengthening was in Cerro Gordo County near Mason City, Iowa on County Road B65. A strengthening system composed of post-tensioning and superimposed trusses was designed to remove overstresses that occurred when the bridge was subjected to Iowa legal
Does Flipping the Tubercle for Improved Cartilage Repair Exposure Increase the Risk for Arthrofibrosis

ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether rates of postoperative arthrofibrosis following tibial tuberosity osteotomy (TTO) with complete mobilization of the fragment (TTO-HD) are comparable to TTOs ...
Every 2-month belatacept maintenance therapy in kidney transplant recipients greater than 1-year posttransplant: A randomized, noninferiority trial.

Belatacept results in improved kidney transplant outcomes, but utilization has been limited by logistical barriers related to monthly (q1m) intravenous infusions. Every 2-month (q2m) belatacept has potential to increase utilization, therefore we conducted a randomized noninferiority trial in low immunologic risk renal transplant recipients greater than 1-year posttransplant. Patients on belatacept were randomly assigned to q1m or q2m therapy. The primary objective was a noninferiority comparison of renal function (eGFR) at 12 months with a noninferiority margin (NIM) of 6.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 . One hundred and sixty-six participants were randomized to q1m (n = 82) or q2m (n = 84) belatacept, 163 patients received treatment, and 76 q1m and 77 q2m subjects completed the 12-month study period. Every 2-month belatacept was noninferior to q1m, as the difference in mean eGFR adjusted for baseline renal function did not exceed the NIM. Two-month dosing was safe and well tolerated, with no patient deaths or graft losses. Four rejection episodes and three cases of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) occurred among q2m subjects; however, only one rejection and one instance of DSA were observed in subjects adherent to the study protocol. Every 2-month belatacept therapy may facilitate long-term utilization of costimulation blockade, but future multicenter studies with long-term follow-up will further elucidate immunologic risk. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02560558).
Prognostic significance of pretreatment 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography in pediatric neuroblastoma

18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) shows tumor activity in most neuroblastomas, but the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in neuroblastoma remains to be defined. This study explored the prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET in newly diagnosed neuroblastic tumors. This retrospective study reviewed all 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations performed for a new diagnosis of suspected neuroblastoma. MYCN amplification status, tumor recurrence and survival were abstracted from the medical record. Primary tumors were manually segmented to measure maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis. Univariate and multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazards regression testing assessed the predictive performance of PET indices for event-free survival and overall survival with thresholds determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Fifty-five children were included, with a median age of 2.9 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.8–3.0 years). SUVmax, tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis were higher in MYCN-amplified tumors (P=0.012, P 4.77) vs. >2,957 days (SUVmax≤4.77). No PET parameters were independently significantly associated with overall survival or event-free survival after controlling for MYCN status, stage or treatment risk stratification. Tumor metabolic activity is higher in higher-stage MYCN-amplified neuroblastic tumors. Higher SUVmax and SUVmean were associated with worse overall survival but were not independent of other prognostic markers.