cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The essentiality of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this review is to correlate the clinical finding that patients receiving parenteral nutrition with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion do not develop essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) with an experimental murine model, thus showing that arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are likely to be the essential fatty acids. Background Conventional belief is that linoleic acid (LA, omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3) are the essential fatty acids (EFAs). We have shown that a fish oil-based lipid emulsion containing AA (omega-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3) and insignificant quantities of LA and ALA is efficacious in the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD), a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The prospect of using a fish oil-based lipid emulsion as monotherapy has raised concerns of EFAD development, hindering its adoption into clinical practice. Design Data from patients in our institution who received PN with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion was reviewed for clinical and biochemical evidence of EFAD, defined as an elevated triene–tetraene ratio (Mead acid/AA>0.2). We also investigated the minimum amount of fish oil required to prevent EFAD in a murine model and determined whether DHA and AA alone can prevent EFAD. Results No patients receiving PN with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion in our institution have developed biochemical or clinical evidence of EFAD such as an elevated triene–tetraene ratio, growth retardation or dermatitis. This observation parallels our previously published animal studies, which demonstrated prevention of EFAD when 13% of total calories were from fish oil. Moreover, current work in our laboratory shows that AA and DHA provision alone is sufficient to prevent biochemical and physiologic evidence of EFAD in a murine model. Conclusions When dosed appropriately, fish oil-based lipid emulsions contain sufficient EFAs to prevent EFAD. Furthermore, AA and DHA alone may be the true EFAs.
Release Rates of Condensables and Total Volatiles from Rapid Devolatilization of Polyethylene and Polystyrene*†a,b

Abstract Batch samples (∼ 10mg) of 63-90μm polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) powders were rapidly pyrolyzed by healing at 1000°C/s, under helium (nominal pressure I atm), from room temperature to prescribed final (peak) temperatures between 400 and 800°C, whereupon natural cooling of the substrate by radiation and free convection, or forced cooling by inundation with cold nitrogen, was immediately instigated. Yields of total volatiles (total weight loss) and of “condensables” (tars + higher molecular weight volatilizable material) were each measured gravimelrically for systematic variations in peak temperature. Effects of initial particle size (63-90/vm powders and ∼-240jim thick sheets for PE; 63-90. 180-250, and 500-710 ;μm powders for PS), of PS molecular weight (2100 and 850,000 d), and of PE healing rate (100, 10,000°C/s with forced cooling) were also measured. At 1000°C/s. volatilization of 63-90/μm PE or PS particles approached 100% in about 0.7-0.8 s. Weight loss and condensables yields declin...
Effect of growth hormone on rat liver N-acetyl-l-glutamate

Abstract Earlier studies have revealed, upon hypophysectomy, a specific increase in mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes, namely carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase. Administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats brought these enzyme activities back to normal. Since growth hormone plays a role in the formation of citrulline and ultimately urea, in the present study its effect on the levels of N -acetyl- l -glutamate, an allosteric activator of carbamyl phosphate synthetase has been investigated. A significant increase in N -acetyl- l -glutamate concentration in rat liver on hypophysectomy and its reversal back to normal levels on growth hormone administration was reported. These results suggest that the lack of growth hormone tends to amplify urea production by the liver.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Confers Cardioprotection in Heart Failure

The symptoms and signs constituting the congestive heart failure (CHF) syndrome have their pathophysiologic origins rooted in a salt-avid renal state mediated by effector hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and adrenergic nervous systems. Controlled clinical trials, conducted over the past decade in patients having minimally to markedly severe symptomatic heart failure, have demonstrated the efficacy of a pharmacologic regimen that interferes with these hormones, including aldosterone receptor binding with either spironolactone or eplerenone. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, which have not hitherto been considered involved for the salutary responses and cardioprotection provided by these mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, are reviewed herein. In particular, we focus on the less well-recognized impact of catecholamines and aldosterone on monovalent and divalent cation dyshomeostasis, which leads to hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, ionized hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypozincemia. Attendant adverse cardiac consequences include a delay in myocardial repolarization with increased propensity for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, and compromised antioxidant defenses with increased susceptibility to nonischemic cardiomyocyte necrosis.
Biological control of invading species.

We agree with Donald R. Strong and Robert W. Pemberton ( Science 's Compass, Policy Forum, “Ecology: Biological control of invading species—risk and reform,” 16 June, p. [1969][1]) ([1][2]) that invasive species pose major problems to managed and natural ecosystems in the United States. The
Some techniques for geometric searching with implicit set representations

There are many efficient ways of searching a set when all its elements can be represented in memory. Often, however, the domain of the search is too large to have each element stored separately, and some implicit representation must be used. Whether it is still possible to search efficiently in these conditions is the underlying theme of this paper. We look at several occurrences of this problem in computational geometry and we propose various lines of attack. In the course of doing so, we improve the solutions of several specific problems; for example, computing order statistics, performing polygonal range searching, testing algebraic predicates, etc.
Research and Practice on the On-Line Measurement of Cylindricity Error in a Grinding Machine

This paper researches the theory of multi-probes EST (Error Separation Technique) further. The computer simulation on the three-probes EST is also carried out. Several contrastive experiments of the on-line measurement are carried out in a grinding machine (MB1332A). The workpieces used in the experiments had been measured by TALYROND 262 Geometrical Error Measurement Instrument. The results of these experiments successfully verify that the theory and mathematical models of this paper are correct. The contrast of the measuring results in these experiments proves that the three-probes method can realize the complete separation of all kinds of errors basically and this method is applicable to on-line measurement of a workpiece and it can also make the measurement accuracy very high.
Resonance Raman characterization of a stable tryptophan radical in an azurin mutant.

Tryptophan radicals play a significant role in mediating biological electron transfer and catalytic processes. Here, we employ visible and UV resonance Raman, EPR, and absorption spectroscopy along with pH/isotope studies and calculations to probe a neutral closed-shell tryptophan and its oxidized radical counterpart in a modified azurin protein. Comparison of the resonance Raman spectra of the radical and closed-shell species combined with vibrational analysis reveals important structural differences between these two tryptophan species. We experimentally observe a significant reduction in bond order of the pyrrole ring of the radical, as evidenced by a 208 cm−1 downshift of the W3 mode (predominantly C2−C3 stretch). Analysis of the spectra acquired at acidic pH and in deuterated buffer highlights those vibrational modes of the radical that are sensitive to the hydrogen-bonding environment. The most significant change caused by the deuterated buffer is a 45 cm−1 downshift of an indole nitrogen displaceme...
Benzodiazepine binding in chicken retina and its interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid

Chicken retina contains saturable, stereoselective high affinity binding sites for benzodiazepines. The density of binding sites in chicken retina exceeds that found in rat and cow retina. GABA and muscimol increase specific 3H-flunitrazepam binding in the chicken retina in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is reversed by bicuculline methiodide. The enhancement of specific binding caused by GABA was shown to be due to an increase in the affinity of flunitrazepam, while the number of binding sites remained unchanged.
Coulometric titration of aluminum

An aqueous ethanol solution~ 0.005M in 8-quinolinol and 0.04M in sodium sulfate can be used for the coulometric titration of small quantities of aluminum. Samples of aluminum ranging from 5 to 500 mu g were successfully titrated with electrolytically generated hydroxyl ions. The end-point was detected by following the apparent pH of the solution. (auth)
Velocity and Strain Distributions in Two-Dimensional Orthogonal Machining

A study has been made of the primary deformation zone and tool-chip interface in two-dimensional (plane strain) orthogonal machining of commercially pure metals. The use of a high-speed, Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) imaging system in conjunction with an optically transparent, sapphire cutting tool, has enabled characteristics of the deformation field such as velocity, strain, and material flow, to be obtained at high spatial and temporal resolution. The velocity distributions in the primary deformation zone and along the tool rake face have been obtained by applying a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to sequences of high-speed images of the chip-tool interface taken through the transparent tool, and of the primary deformation zone recorded from a side of the workpiece. A procedure is presented and demonstrated for determining the strain and strain rate distributions in the primary deformation zone. The measurements have provided data about the variations of strain, strain rate and velocity, in and around the cutting edge and primary deformation zone; confirmed the existence of a region of retarded sliding in the region of intimate contact between tool and chip; and highlighted the occurrence of a region of dead metal ahead of the cutting edge when cutting with a negative rake angle tool. The implications of these results to the use of machining as a controlled test for studying very large strain deformation, and for estimating material properties under extreme conditions of deformation are discussed.© 2004 ASME
Color Film Analysis from Integral Density Data

By using the relationship between the spectral densities of specimens of a given kind of color film at three separated wavelengths and their chromaticities, integral color densitometer data can be correlated with dominant wavelength and purity data. Transformation grids are prepared to facilitate this conversion.Color film balance can be represented by a series of vectors, each drawn from different density levels along a density vs log exposure curve. The vectors represent, by their directions, the dominant wavelengths of the corresponding gray-exposed patches of the sensitometric strip and by their lengths, the extent of the departure from gray balance. For any particular case, a grid can be prepared which relates the vectors to the corresponding Munsell colors of the patches. In a similar way, the correlation between the vectors and the filtration of the light source necessary to correctly reproduce gray can be established and utilized in grid form.Although developed primarily for three-layer reversible color film, the treatment is applicable to any three-color reproduction process.
Propagation of spherical and cylindrical N-waves

An implicit predictor–corrector difference scheme is employed to study the propagation of spherical and cylindrical N-waves governed by the modified Burgers equation \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} + u\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\nu u}{2t}=\frac{\delta}{2}\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial x^2}, \] where ν = 0, 1 or 2 for plane, cylindrical and spherical symmetry respectively. The numerical scheme is first tested by computing the plane solution and comparing it with theexact analyticsolution obtained by Lighthill (1956) through the Hopf-Cole transformation.Our numerical solutions for the non-planar N-waves show that variation of the ‘lobe’ Reynolds number, which may be used as a measure of the importance of viscous diffusion, can be accurately determined by the analysis which is strictly valid only for large Reynolds numbers. This is true even when shock wave is well diffused end the ‘lobe’ Reynolds number is as small as ½.
Relationship between least-squares-surface and celles-darling's hyperspherical coordinates

Abstract The Carrington-Miller reaction-surface approach to a nearly collinear reaction in a triatomic system is used to substantiate the bending-corrected rotating linear model of Walker and Hayes. To avoid couplings between mutually perpendicular bending vibrations the change of variables suggested by Carrington and Miller is slightly modified by describing overall rotation of the triatomic by means of the body-fixed frame with the polar angle of the double degenerate bending mode used as the third Euler angle. It is proved that axes of the frame defined in such a way are directed along the principal axes of the triatomic and that the appropriate parameterization of the collinear reaction surface leads to Celles-Darling's hyperspherical coordinates ξ,η,χ.
LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL MALE PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY (FMPP) WITH SPIRONOLACTONE, TESTOLACTONE, AND DESLORELIN. † 536

We have shown previously that short-term treatment with spironolactone (S), testolactone (T), and, after onset of central puberty, deslorelin (D) can normalize the rate of growth and bone maturation in boys with FMPP. To test the hypothesis that this treatment can achieve long-term normalization of the growth and development of these children, we examined the growth rate, bone maturation rate (ΔBA/ΔCA), and predicted adult height of 7 boys who were treated with S (5.7 mg/kg/day) and T (40 mg/kg/day) for at least 6 years. The mean duration of symptoms prior to treatment was 1.6 ± 0.7 years, and the mean advancement of bone age at treatment onset was 3.6± 2.8 years. D (4 mcg/kg/day) treatment was initiated at 3.0 ± 1.2 years after beginning S and T. The long-term growth results are shown in the Table:
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HORMONAL FACTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS.

1. Adult rhesus monkeys possess frequently a greater resistance to experimental infection with poliomyelitis virus than young monkeys as indicated by the prolongation of the incubation period and the content of feeble neutralizing substances in the normal serum. 2. Virucidal substances can be demonstrated in the normal serum of subadult chimpanzees. 3. Immature monkeys prepared with glandular anterior pituitary hormones and anterior pituitary-like principles from the urine of pregnant women are protected only in exceptional instances against intracerebral infection with poliomyelitis virus. However, the serum of such prepared animals frequently acquires the property of inactivating the virus in vitro . 4. Active immunization with live poliomyelitis virus renders the immunized monkeys resistant to intracerebral infection in a higher percentage of the cases than does preparation with hormone. 5. The relative merits of non-specific enhancement of resistance and of specifically acquired immunity are discussed in their relation to the probable mechanism of resistance to poliomyelitis in man.
Perceived attachment: relations to anxiety sensitivity, worry, and GAD symptoms

This investigation examined the relation between perceived alienation from parents and peers, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and current worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms with the goal of expanding the knowledge base on factors that may contribute to the development of AS and its role in worry. The mediating role of AS between perceptions of alienation and current worry and GAD symptoms was also examined. Ninety-four non-clinical worriers completed self-report questionnaires assessing their perceptions of attachment, AS levels, and worry and GAD symptoms. Even after controlling for worry and GAD symptoms, greater perceptions of alienation from mothers and peers were significantly associated with higher AS symptoms. AS as a unitary construct mediated the relation between perceptions of alienation from mothers and peers and worry and GAD symptoms. The facets fear of publicly observable symptoms and fear of cognitive dyscontrol also mediated this relation. The role of alienation in relation to AS, worry, and GAD symptoms is discussed along with directions for future research.
Distributed research: a new paradigm for undergraduate research and global problem solving

There is no question that identifying and developing new renewable energy sources is a top priority for mankind. Solar energy is the only available source of energy capable of continually providing the immense amounts of carbon-free energy necessary to keep CO2 levels in the atmosphere below dangerous levels. Photoelectrolysis of water with sunlight to produce hydrogen solves the problem of intermittent and unevenly distributed sunlight, by storing the solar energy in a form that can be transported to provide fuel for combustion or a future generation of fuel cells for transportation and electricity generation at night. The problem is that no known material can efficiently and cheaply photoelectrolyze water and be stable under illumination in an electrolyte solution for the many years necessary to justify the expense of building a photoelectrolysis system. A number of years ago, when I
Averaging techniques in fetal electrocardiography

An evaluation of the clinical significance of fetal electrocardiography has been hampered to a large degree by, the poor signal-to-noise ratio which is present. This obscures baseline changes which may be significant. While attempts have been made to improve signal-to-noise ratio with auto-correlation, the aperiodic nature of the fetal ECG imposes serious limitations on this technique. For averaging techniques to be of the greatest value, it is necessary to convert artificially the aperiodic signal into a periodic one which will become coherent with respect to the noise. An on-line technique has been developed for this, and averaging performed on a Mnemotron CAT digital computer. The signal-to-noise ratio has been improved by a factor of 10 to 20, so that it is now possible to obtain consistently fetal ECG’s which show fetal P and T waves, as well as minor baseline changes during labor and delivery.
ON THE FIELD EVALUATION OF ATHLETIC HEAD INJURIES

This article reviews the diagnosis and management of athletic-related head injury. Cerebral concussion, diffuse axonal injury, brain contusion, and the spectrum of intracranial hematoma is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need to evaluate when it is prevented from further participation.
Beyond Red Lake--the persistent crisis in American Indian health care.

On March 21, 2005, at the high school on the Red Lake Indian reservation in Minnesota, a troubled American Indian teenager went on a shooting rampage. Dr. Yvette Roubideaux writes that this calamity seems to have reminded our country that many American Indian and Alaska Native communities continue to be affected by significant socioeconomic and health disparities.
Statistical mechanics of hydrogen in f.c.c. solid solutions

Abstract A statistical mechanical calculation of the thermodynamic properties of Ni–H solid solutions, based upon the concept of H-atoms possessing translational mobility over path lengths of several lattice parameters, has been shown to be compatible with the observed solubility behavior, but not compatible with the well-established linear Arrhenius behavior of the H-diffusivity above 300 K.
Proposal for a biometrics of the cortical surface: a statistical method for relative surface distance metrics

Recent advances in computational geometry have greatly extended the range of neuroanatomical questions that can be approached by rigorous quantitative methods. One of the major current challenges in this area is to describe the variability of human cortical surface form and its implications for individual differences in neurophysiological functioning. Existing techniques for representation of stochastically invaginated surfaces do not conduce to the necessary parametric statistical summaries. In this paper, following a hint from David Van Essen and Heather Drury, I sketch a statistical method customized for the constraints of this complex data type. Cortical surface form is represented by its Riemannian metric tensor and averaged according to parameters of a smooth averaged surface. Sulci are represented by integral trajectories of the smaller principal strains of this metric, and their statistics follow the statistics of that relative metric. The diagrams visualizing this tensor analysis look like alligator leather but summarize all aspects of cortical surface form in between the principal sulci, the reliable ones; no flattening is required.
Problems in evaluating economic development politics : an urban perspective

The central concern in this paper is with the way we think about economic development at the local level. I turn first to a look at the local context of economic development policymaking, then to the strategy derived from this context and the resultant “politics of growth”. Finally, I focus on the need for a theoretically grounded model to evalate the economic development efforts of local public officials. Mayors and scholars alike must begin the task of building such a model by first recognizing the importance of conducting their work within a theoretical framework which places the city within the larger political, social, and economic context which defines it. The central reality of that wider context, I argue, is that the business community dominates economic development politics: businessmen Issue commands (as a condition of investing in the local economy) and politicians offer inducements (in competition with other politicians for that investment).
Micro-albuminuria and large vessel disease in diabetes.

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that albuminuria is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in these patients and there is a particularly high incidence of coronary heart disease in the early stages
Effects of food natural products on the biotransformation of PCBs

Many food products, particularly fruits and vegetables, contain natural products that affect biotransformation enzymes. These may be expected to affect the rate of biotransformation of PCBs that are metabolized by the affected enzymes. The first step in PCB metabolism is cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenation. Natural products present in cruciferous vegetables have been shown to selectively up-regulate CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 isozymes on chronic ingestion, and may lead to increased metabolism of those PCB congeners that are substrates for the induced P450s. On the other hand, several natural products selectively inhibit monooxygenation, especially in the intestine, and may lead to increased bioavailability and reduced metabolism of dietary PCBs. Food natural products are known to affect phase II pathways important in the detoxication of hydroxylated PCBs, namely UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and PAPS-sulfotransferase. Continual dietary exposure to chrysin and quercetin, found in fruits and vegetables, induces UGT1A1 and may reduce exposure to hydroxylated PCBs through increased glucuronidation. These and other natural products are also inhibitors of glucuronidation and sulfonation, potentially leading to transient decreases in the elimination of hydroxylated PCBs. In summary, the expected effects of food natural products on PCB biotransformation are complex and may be biphasic, with initial inhibition followed by enhanced biotransformation through monooxygenation and conjugation pathways.
Projection techniques in equilibrium statistical mechanics

Abstract Projection techniques are applied to equilibrium systems. It is shown how the two-particle distribution function may be decoupled from the N -particle distribution function. A new expression is suggested for the radial distribution function using the analogue of the weak-coupling approximation in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
FIELD INDEPENDENCE-DEPENDENCE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISTRACTION.

A reversible perspective task was administered to field-independent and field-dependent Ss. This task was selected because it permitted testing the theory of susceptibility to distraction. The hypotheses were that field-independent Ss are less susceptible to distraction than field-dependent Ss and that field-dependent Ss are more influenced by the introduction of additional distracting stimuli. The effect of additional distracting stimuli was measured by requiring the recitation of digit series backward during one part of the reversible perspective task. The theory was partially confirmed in that before the recitation of digits backward, field-independent Ss reported more reversals than field-dependent Ss. However, additional distracting stimuli affected field-independent Ss to a greater extent. During the recitation of digits backward they showed a greater decrement in reversals than field-dependent Ss. It was suggested that the theory of susceptibility to distraction needed qualification and that task a...
N2O as an indicator of Arctic vortex dynamics: Correlations with O3 over Thule, Greenland in February and March, 1992

We have recovered vertical profiles of stratospheric N2O from spectra observed using a ground-based mm-wave spectrometer during the Arctic spring. The measurements were made from Thule, Greenland (76.3 deg N, 68.4 deg W) on nine occasions from late February to late March, 1992 as part of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Correlative Measurements Program and the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE). During late February Thule was under inside edge of the Arctic vortex and mixing ratio profiles measured in that period are substantially reduced from typical high-latitude summer values. By late March the polar vortex had moved well away from Thule and N2O mixing ratios were greatly increased, coinciding with a basic change in circulation that brought in air from the Aleutian high. The motion of the vortex is also illustrated in the change in potential vorticity above Thule. A correlation with ozone balloonsonde data from Thule is made and compared to similar analyses of the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE) measurements. Within the sensitivity of our analysis, the correlation of N2O and O3 shows no evidence of ozone depletion within the vortex during this period; however, there is a distinct difference in the correlation inside and outside the vortex.
Regionalism and the politics of landscape preservation in the Third Reich.

On July 26, 1935, the National Socialist regime passed into law the world's most comprehensive and stringent piece of nature protection legislation for its time. Known as the Reichsnaturschutzgesetz (Imperial Nature Protection Law), the statute owed its swift passage to the efforts of the notorious Nazi leader Hermann Goering, who among his many ministerial roles was the head of German forestry.! Such "progressive" environmental concern on the part of the National Socialist regime has proven troubling for many historians, especially since the Third Reich still epitomizes the most reactionary, antimodern, and destructive forces of Western society.2 "It is painful to acknowledge just how ecologically conscientious the most barbaric regime in modern history actually was," writes Simon Schama in Landscape and Memory. "Exterminating millions of lives was not at all incompatible with passionate protection for millions of trees."3 The historian Anna Bramwell has extended this interpretation even further, arguing that the Nazi agricultural minister Walther Darre, the originator of the slogan "Blood and Soil" (Blut und Boden) and advocate of "bio-dynamic" farming practices, ought to be considered the "Father of the Greens."4 To account for Nazism's combination of genocidal brutality and environmental concern, both scholars point to the ideology of Blood and Soil, which created an irrational and fatal synergy, in Schama's words, between "the mythic memory of the forest and militant nationalism."5 While historians like Schama and Bramwell view the passage of the Imperial Nature Protection Law and similar environmental measures as proof of "Green" tendencies within the National Socialist movement, few scholars have attempted to test this interpretation by gauging how effective the law actually was in protecting Germany's natural environment during the Third Reich.6 By describing the Nazi regime as being uniquely "ecologically conscientious," Schama and Bramwell have largely overlooked the role of Germany's existing network of private nature protection (Naturschutz), homeland protection (Heimatschutz), and outdoor recreation clubs, as well as state, regional, and local nature protection agencies, in shaping the country's environmental protection policies both before and during
The categorical data analysis approach for ratio model of pairwise comparisons

Abstract In the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pairwise comparison values are elicited by a ratio scale representing a set of categories. In this article, we propose a method of statistical inference in AHP which pertains to cardinal representations of categorical variables. Relevant estimation and hypothesis testing procedures are addressed in this perspective.
SELECTION AND DISSEMINATION OF DIGITAL VIDEO VIA THE VIRTUAL VIDEO BROWSER

The Virtual Video Browser (VVB) is a manifestation of our mechanisms for the location, identification, and delivery of digital audio and video in a distributed system which can be extended to several application domains including multimedia-based home entertainment, catalog shopping, and distance learning. In the following sections we describe the VVB software application designed to allow the interactive browsing and content-based query of a video database and to facilitate the subsequent playout of selected titles.
Manners Before Morals: Sophisticated Comedy and the Production Code, 1930–1934

In July 1929 The New York Times heralded the arrival of a new style of “talkie” with the release of Paramount's Fashions in Love, starring that paragon of elegance, Adolphe Menjou. “The Suave Mr. M...
Nursing students with disabilities: A survey of baccalaureate nursing programs

In an effort to raise awareness of critical issues regarding the obligations of institutions of higher learning to accept and accommodate qualified disabled students, this study surveyed 247 baccalaureate nursing programs to determine their responses and reactions to applicants and students with disabilities. Almost half of the programs responding to the survey reported admitting students with disabilities, the most prevalent of which were dyslexia and other learning disabilities. The study was designed to solicit information regarding the methods used to determine the existence of disabilities, special services and accommodations provided to disabled nursing students, and student satisfaction with the special services provided. Fifty-three percent (n = 131) of the responding programs reported using a variety of strategies in attempting to determine the disabilities or special needs of applicants, and almost all programs reported efforts to determine existing disabilities of admitted students. The study revealed that the nursing programs provided an extensive array of special services for their disabled students, and they indicated a high level of student satisfaction with the services provided. Finally, the study highlights the need for establishing core performance expectations and technical standards in baccalaureate nursing education.
Conformational Behavior of Aza-C-Glycosides: Experimental Demonstration of the Relative Role of the exo-anomeric Effect and 1,3-Type Interactions in Controlling the Conformation of Regular Glycosides

The conformational behavior of different aza-C-glycosides synthesized as glycosidase inhibitors has been studied using a combination of NMR spectroscopy (J and NOE data) and time-averaged restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The obtained results show that the population distribution of conformers around their pseudoglycosidic linkages is mainly controlled by 1,3-syn-diaxial interactions. Electrostatic effects slightly modulate the conformational equilibrium. This result is in contrast with that observed for O-glycosides. For these natural compounds, the conformational behavior around the glycosidic linkage Φ is mainly governed by the exo-anomeric effect. Experimentally based energy values for both the 1,3-syn-diaxial interactions and the stereoelectronic effect have been deduced. Finally, the inhibitory activity of these compounds has been tested again a variety of glycosidase enzymes.
877 FETAL RED CELLS (FC) DIFFER IN ELASTICITY, VISCOSITY, AND ADHESION FROM ADULT RED CELLS (AC)

Blood hyperviscosity occurs in 3-5% of full-term infants, usually accompanies central venous hematocrit (HCT)>65%, but may occur at HCT 60-65%. Small differences in red cell deformability have major influence on blood viscosity at high HCT. We studied the whole cell deformability of washed FC and AC by counting the % cells aspirated more than 10μm into 2μm pore diameter nuclepore filters. FC were more deformable with 88±7% having aspiration length >10μm compared to 19±4% for AC (p<.01). More extensible membranes have lower membrane elasticity (μ in 10-3 dyne/cm); μ was calculated from small nipple extensions into 0.6μm pore diameter nuclepore filters. FC had lower μ than AC (μFC=4.39, μAC=8.06; p<.05). Subpopulations of FC separated by density gradient showed invariant μ with increasing MCHC and decreasing cell volume. Work from a collaborating laboratory (Blackshear et al, 1980 Gotenburg Filtration Symposium) has shown increased membrane viscosity (η) of FC (ηFC=6×10-4; ηAC=3×10-4 poise-cm). More FC were adherent to the filter than AC in the special, purged filter chamber (FC 9.0%, AC 0.3%). The altered whole cell deformability and membrane elasticity of FC would ameliorate the flow retardation influences of FC membrane viscosity and adhesion. Evaluation of these rheological properties in newborn hyperviscosity syndrome may determine who would benefit from phlebotomy.
Resistivity due to dislocations in copper

Abstract The scattering of electrons by a dislocation with a hollow core is treated. It is found that the effect of such a core upon the electrical resistivity may be many times greater than the effect of the strain field. If the change in volume of the crystal due to dislocations is set equal to the core volume (of the order of one atomic volume per interatomic distance of dislocation), a rough calculation indicates that the change in resistivity for 1 per cent change in volume is about one-half of that observed in annealing experiments on cold-worked copper. It is suggested that the general magnitude of the interaction between conduction electrons and the core may be correct, even if the specific hollow-core model is not valid. Hence it appears that a consideration of the scattering by the core provides order-of-magnitude agreement with experiment for the resistivity due to dislocations.
Characterization of sensitivity of grove and packing house isolates of Penicillium digitatum to pyrimethanil

Abstract In most northeast Argentinean citrus packing houses, postharvest fungicide treatments are based on the use of thiabendazole and imazalil. However, these fungicides have been used in a manner highly conducive to the selection and proliferation of resistant biotypes of Penicillium digitatum, the main fruit decay fungus in the area. Recently, a new fungicide, pyrimethanil (PYR), was introduced to control molds. Aims of this study were to determine the baseline sensitivities for PYR against isolates of P. digitatum considering its use in the region is not yet widespread and to evaluate the control of the fungus in vivo. One hundred and nine (109) P. digitatum isolates were collected from diseased fruit within citrus groves (43 isolates) and packing houses (66 isolates). EC50 was determined for each isolate by measuring colony diameters on different agar dilutions of the fungicide. The mean EC50 value of the green mold isolates collected from the groves was 0.14 ± 0.03 mg L−1 while the mean EC50 of those collected from packing houses was 0.13 ± 0.05 mg L−1. No resistant isolates were found in the field where the fungicide is not used, while one isolate originated from a packing house showed an EC50 of 3.40 mg L−1, 26-fold higher than the mean level. This isolate was collected from lemons stored in cool rooms of a packing house where PYR had not been used. Fruit decay by sensitive isolates was reduced approximately 80% by PYR applied at 500–600 mg L−1 by immersion for 60 s at room temperature to inoculated oranges and mandarins. In contrast, the resistant isolate was not controlled by PYR applied at 1000 mg L−1. Thus, the introduction of PYR applied into packing houses should be done carefully and control strategies should be implemented in order to minimize the development of resistant isolates.
Aluminum bioavailability from drinking water is very low and is not appreciably influenced by stomach contents or water hardness

The objectives were to estimate aluminum (Al) oral bioavailability under conditions that model its consumption in drinking water, and to test the hypotheses that stomach contents and co-administration of the major components of hard water affect Al absorption. Rats received intragastric 26Al in the absence and presence of food in the stomach and with or without concomitant calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) at concentrations found in hard drinking water. The use of 26Al enables the study of Al pharmacokinetics at physiological Al concentrations without interference from 27Al in the environment or the subject. 27Al was intravenously administered throughout the study. Repeated blood withdrawal enabled determination of oral 26Al bioavailability from the area under its serum concentrationxtime curve compared to serum 27Al concentration in relation to its infusion rate. Oral Al bioavailability averaged 0.28%. The presence of food in the stomach and Ca and Mg in the water that contained the orally dosed 26Al appeared to delay but not significantly alter the extent of 26Al absorption. The present and published results suggest oral bioavailability of Al from drinking water is very low, about 0.3%. The present results suggest it is independent of stomach contents and water hardness.
Simulation of Geiger mode silicon carbide avalanche photodiode

The breakdown probability and timing jitter of silicon carbide single-photon avalanche diodes were simulated with a random path length Monte-Carlo model. The results are in good agreement with the measured device characteristics.
Factors associated with longer length of stay for mental health emergency department patients.

BACKGROUND Mental health patients can experience long lengths of stay in the emergency department (ED). Reducing boarding times for mental health patients might improve care for all ED patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify patient factors that are correlated with extremely long lengths of stay (EL-LOS) for mental health patients in the ED. METHODS A retrospective, case-control study compared mental health patients experiencing lengths of stay longer than 24 h to those with lengths of stay <24 h. The study was conducted at an urban, academic ED and Level I trauma center. Sequential chi-squared tests were used to detect significant differences on the outcome measure. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that made significant contributions to predicting EL-LOS. The outcome measure was patients' length of stay in the ED. The factors analyzed were patient demographics, insurance status, day of arrival and departure, placement (admitted locally, admitted remotely, or discharged), chief complaint, and diagnostic category. RESULTS Patient-level factors associated with EL-LOS were self-pay status, admission to inpatient care, transfer to a remote facility, and suicidal ideation. Admission to inpatient care and self-pay status made significant nonredundant contributions to predicting EL-LOS. In addition, mental health patients arriving on a weekday were significantly more likely to be admitted to inpatient care than those arriving on weekends. CONCLUSIONS Factors were identified that correlated with long lengths of stay in the ED for mental health patients. Increasing timely access to inpatient beds for mental health patients, in particular by improving access to insurance that covers inpatient psychiatric care and eliminating unique mental health requirements to obtain prior authorization for placement, would likely reduce these patients' lengths of stay.
Oral Ambu-bag insufflation to remove unilateral nasal foreign bodies

The nose is perhaps the most common site for the insertion of foreign bodies by children. Removal is essential. We report the successful use of the oral Ambu-bag insufflation technique to remove unilateral nasal foreign bodies in three children. Conscious sedation was not required. There were no complications.
Automatic feedback control to optimize stepper overlay

Systematic offset errors can be a major contributor to total overlay error on projection wafer steppers. To compensate for this offset error we have developed an automated method using measured overlay results from previous lots to generate offset correction values for current lots. This method provides statistically optimized offset corrections while eliminating the need to process test wafers. In addition the dynamic correction capability of the feedback control loop automatically compensates for offset changes such as drift in stepper alignment systems, process modification, and mask revisions. The system has been in use for over a year and has proven extremely effective in eliminating systematic offset errors on numerous devices.
Understanding the living arrangements of Latino immigrants: a life course approach.

Using data from the 1990 [U.S.] Panel Study of Income Dynamics Latino Sample this study examines three competing hypotheses for understanding extended family living among Mexican Puerto Rican and Cuban immigrants. The findings indicate no significant relationship between living with extended kin and cultural indicators--such as English fluency--or economic factors--such as employment and income. Rather the data support a life course explanation. Extended family living arrangements among Latino immigrants represent a resource generating strategy for caring for young children and older adults. (EXCERPT)
A flexible low-cost photovoltaic solar panel emulation platform

This paper introduces a new methodology to design a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel emulator. It draws on several analytical models of PV cells to accurately derive PV panel parameters which are not provided in the datasheet. These parameters are used to estimate the power and current curves for a given irradiance and temperature. A behavioral model is also implemented. PV cell degradation is integrated into the models for more flexibility in life-time and other reliability analyses. Also, partial shading is introduced into the models. The emulator is developed using standard LabVIEW software and libraries in conjunction with an off-the-shelf programmable power supply with no other peripheral hardware. A resistance tracking technique is then implemented to find the equivalent resistance of the panel in order to find the emulator output voltage. Experimental data is gathered to test the validity of the emulator results thus far and close correlation between the model and experimental results.
Controllability by means of affine feedback

This paper studies the constant coefficient (closed loop) differential equation x = (A + BK)x + Bv + f(t) in [to, t1] × Rn which arises from substitution of the feedback controller u = Kx + v into the (open loop) control equation x = Ax + Bu + f(t). The open loop system is assumed to be controllable. A classical result due to Kalman states that this assumption is equivalent to the condition that rank [B,AB,...An-1B] = n. Under mild restrictions on f(t) we prove that for any states x0, x1 in Rn there exists a constant matrix K and a constant vector v for which the closed loop system has a response satisfying the boundary condititions x(t0) = x0 and x(t1)= x1. An equivalence between open loop and closed loop controllability is thereby established. Ultimately based upon the implicit function theorem, the approach taken lays the groundwork for computing feedback controllers that do the steering.
Where science starts: Spontaneous experiments in preschoolers’ exploratory play

Abstract Probabilistic models of expected information gain require integrating prior knowledge about causal hypotheses with knowledge about possible actions that might generate data relevant to those hypotheses. Here we looked at whether preschoolers (mean: 54 months) recognize “action possibilities” (affordances) in the environment that allow them to isolate variables when there is information to be gained. By manipulating the physical properties of the stimuli, we were able to affect the degree to which candidate variables could be isolated; by manipulating the base rate of candidate causes, we were able to affect the potential for information gain. Children’s exploratory play was sensitive to both manipulations: given unambiguous evidence children played indiscriminately and rarely tried to isolate candidate causes; given ambiguous evidence, children both selected (Experiment 1) and designed (Experiment 2) informative interventions.
Effect of linoleic acid intake on growth of infants with cystic fibrosis

Essential fatty acid deficiency as a result of inadequate linoleic acid impairs growth in healthy infants and is common in infants with malabsorption due to cystic fibrosis (CF). We investigated the effect of dietary linoleic acid intake on the growth of infants with CF. In this study, predigested formula preparations A and B, with linoleic acid contents of 12% and 7% of energy, respectively, were fed before and after 1989 to infants enrolled in the evaluation and treatment protocol of the Wisconsin CF Neonatal Screening Project. Outcome was assessed from height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) Z scores on follow-up exams during the first year. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups A (n = 43) and B (n = 33). At diagnosis, 53% of the enrolled infants (n = 76) showed low plasma linoleic acid concentrations and 22% had a high ratio of triene to tetraene. After correcting for the effect of potentially confounding variables, we found that HAZ (by .27, P < 0.05) and WAZ (by 0.26, P = 0.081) were higher in group A than in group B. This occurred despite a significantly higher energy intake in group B. This difference was most pronounced between 6 and 9 mo of age. Our results suggest that a high linoleic acid content in formula benefits infants with CF because it optimizes nutrition, growth, and feeding efficiency.