cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence Risk among Undergraduate Women from an Urban Commuter College: the Role of Navigating Off- and On-Campus Social Environments

The current attention that is being paid to college sexual assault in policy circles and popular media overlooks a critical issue: the possible role played by the urban social environment in intimate partner violence (IPV) risk for the large number of urban commuter college students throughout the USA and beyond. This article helps to illuminate this dynamic using qualitative research collected at an urban commuter campus in New York City. Specifically, we conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with 18 female undergraduate students, exploring the nature and consequences of IPV in students’ lives, perceived prevalence of IPV, and resources for addressing IPV. Our results indicate that college attendance may both elevate and protect against IPV risk for students moving between urban off- and on-campus social environments. Based on this, we present a preliminary model of IPV risk for undergraduate women attending urban commuter colleges. In particular, we find that enrolling in college can sometimes elevate risk of IPV when a partner seeks to limit and control their student partner’s experience of college and/or is threatened by what may be achieved by the partner through attending college. These findings suggest a role for urban commuter colleges in helping to mitigate IPV risk through policy formulation and comprehensive ongoing screening and prevention activities.
The Springdale, Utah, Landslide: An Extraordinary Event

The most dramatic geologic effect of the M-5.7 St. George, Utah earthquake of 2 September 1992 was the triggering of the 14,000,000-m 3 Springdale, Utah landslide. The roughly 10 m of landslide movement destroyed three houses, threatened several condominiums, disrupted utility lines, and temporarily closed the southwest entrance to Zion National Park. The seismic triggering of this landslide is puzzling because its distance from the earthquake epicenter, 44 km, is much greater than the farthest distance (18 km) at which similar landslides have been triggered in worldwide earthquakes of the same magnitude. Other Colorado Plateau earthquakes also have produced landslides far beyond worldwide distance limits, which suggests that regional variations in ground-shaking attenuation may require different landslide-triggering distance limits for different seismotectonic regions. Slope stability analysis and historical records of landslide movement suggest that the Springdale landslide was only slightly above limit-equilibrium conditions at the time of the earthquake. Dynamic stability analysis using Newmark9s permanent-displacement method indicates coseismic landslide displacement of only 1–8 cm; this rather modest displacement probably induced enough deformation in the mont-morillonitic clays along the failure surface to reduce shear strength and destabilize the slide, which continued to move for several hours after the earthquake.
Synergistic Optimal Integration of Continuous and Fed-Batch Reactors for Enhanced Productivity of Lignocellulosic Bioethanol

With significant technological advances in metabolic engineering, there are currently available efficient recombinant yeast strains capable of fermenting lignocellulosic sugars (i.e., glucose and xylose) to bioethanol. Conventional batch fermentation, preferred in most bioprocesses, may not provide the most appropriate environments for those engineered strains to perform their best. In this article, we consider new reactor configurations integrating different types of reactors to examine their maximal productivity of lignocellulosic bioethanol. Among various possible scenarios, the highest performance was acquired from a synergistic operation of continuous and fed-batch reactors. In a chemostat, glucose is fermented alone by the hexose-only fermenting (wild-type) yeast, and unconverted xylose is fed to a batch reactor where mixed sugars are fermented by recombinant yeast. Theoptimization ofthe feed rate is acritical issue inorder tomaximizethe productivity ina fed-batch reactor. Itis shown that theproposedideaisabletoincreasethebioethanolproductivitybyupto50%incomparisontoasimplebatchoperation.Obviously, these considerations must be integrated with a more comprehensive costbenefit analysis before a clear choice of reactor configuration can emerge.
GENETIC DETERMINATION OF COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION IN PATIENTS WITH FLOPPY MITRAL VALVE/MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

Floppy mitral valve (FMV)/mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heritable (autosomal dominant) connective tissue disorder. It has been previously shown that collagen abnormalities are present in FMV/MVP; however, genetic factors determining collagen synthesis and degradation have not been well defined.
Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Mg+(CO2)n and Mg+(CO2)nAr Clusters

Mg+(CO2)n and Mg+(CO2)nAr ion−molecule complexes are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed-nozzle source and studied with mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. Photodissociation of Mg+(CO2)n occurs by elimination of one or more intact CO2 molecules, while Mg+(CO2)nAr species eliminate argon. Infrared resonance-enhanced photodissociation (IR-REPD) spectra are obtained by measuring the fragment yield versus energy near the asymmetric stretch vibration of CO2 (2349 cm-1). Structured vibrational bands are measured that are mostly blue shifted with respect to the vibration in the free molecule. In Mg+(CO2)n complexes, higher laser powers are required to achieve photodissociation, and the resonances are broad. In Mg+(CO2)nAr complexes, fragmentation is more efficient and the bands are sharper. For the smaller complexes Mg+(CO2)n=1-3, the number of IR bands and their positions are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The results provide strong evidence for a linear structure for ...
Hot Carrier Dynamics in Lead Sulfide Nanocrystals

Hot carriers in PbS nanocrystals are directly probed. The data are consistent with bulk-like small, high velocity electron and hole wavepackets that initially feel little or no quantum confinement, except for collisions with the surface.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm demonstrated on renal scintigraphy

A 74-year-old hypertensive woman presented with abdominal discomfort and a pulsatile abdominal mass. Anterior abdominal angiography during cardiac blood pool, and renal scintigraphic imaging demonstrated a large abdominal aortic aneurysm. 1, 2 Before endovascular repair with an aortoiliac endograft, the abdominal aneurysm measured 7.5 x 7.0 cm on abdominal computed tomography. This study demonstrates that a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm can be confirmed using the addition of anterior abdominal imaging with normal posterior imaging at the time of renal scintigraphy.
Optical Oximetry of Volume-Oscillating Vascular Compartments at any Frequency

We describe a quantitative analysis of diffuse optical measurements of time-varying vascular compartments. A method is presented to translate oscillatory signals at any frequency into the oxygen saturation of the volume-oscillating compartment.
Investigation of bacterial contamination on pneumatic transmission container and control countermeasures

OBJECTIVE To explore the bacterial contamination situation of transmission bottles in pneumatic tube system,so as to develop the corresponding disinfection management system.METHODS The bacteriological examination technique was adopted to observe the transmission bottles before and after the disinfection.RESULTS The contamination rate of 25 pieces of transmission containers without disinfection processing was 100.00%,the pathogens such as Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the specimens;through various control countermeasures such as placing transmission objects in categories,standardizing the nursing,developing disinfection management system and strengthening the monitoring of nosocomial infections,there were 38 of 40 accumulatively collected samples qualified,the contamination rate decreased to 5.00%,as compared with the contamination rate of the transmission bottles without disinfection process,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).CONCLUSION It is necessary to take effective and practical cleaning and disinfection measures and intensify the management and monitoring,which has great significance in the control and prevention of nosocomial infections.
Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is divided into three categories based on the structures compressed within. Documented since the 1800s, neurogenic TOS (NTOS) accounts for the vast majority of cases and remains one of the most obscure problems seen in surgical practice. The condition is not well known among lay people and frequently is misdiagnosed by professionals, leading to delays in recognition and ultimately treatment. Much recent work has been performed in an attempt to better characterize the syndrome and to develop and validate diagnostic criteria. Despite lack of high-level scientific data on the efficacy of specific treatment strategies, there is a consensus that physical and occupational therapy along with surgical treatment are effective when applied to the right patients at the right time.
An air of expectant life

Writing The Rescue (1920) was Conrad’s most difficult task as an author. Between 1896 and 1899, he worked on The Rescue intermittently before abandoning it in the middle of what is now part IV, after Edith Travers arrives on Lingard’s brig. At one point he went eight days and produced one page: To be able to think and unable to express is a fine torture. I am undergoing it—without patience. … Other writers have some starting point. Something to catch hold of. … They lean on dialect—or on tradition—or on history—or on the prejudice or fad of the hour; they trade upon some tie or some conviction of their time—or upon the absence of these things. … I have had some impressions, some sensations—in my time;—impressions and sensations of common things. (19 June 1896, LL, 1, p. 192)
Associations between an Invasive Plant (Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Medusahead) and Soil Microbial Communities

Understanding plant-microbe relationships can be important for developing management strategies for invasive plants, particularly when these relationships interact with underlying variables, such as habitat type and seedbank density, to mediate control efforts. In a field study located in California, USA, we investigated how soil microbial communities differ across the invasion front of Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead), an annual grass that has rapidly invaded most of the western USA. Plots were installed in habitats where medusahead invasion is typically successful (open grassland) and typically not successful (oak woodland). Medusahead was seeded into plots at a range of densities (from 0-50,000 seeds/m2) to simulate different levels of invasion. We found that bacterial and fungal soil community composition were significantly different between oak woodland and open grassland habitats. Specifically, ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in oak woodlands while arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens were more abundant in open grasslands. We did not find a direct effect of medusahead density on soil microbial communities across the simulated invasion front two seasons after medusahead were seeded into plots. Our results suggest that future medusahead management initiatives might consider plant-microbe interactions.
Reactive Protection? Fear, Victimization, and Fighting Among U.S. High School Students

Youth violence in high schools is a pervasive and persistent problem in the United States. Students engage in physical fights, experience bullying and teen dating violence (TDV), are threatened with weapons, and miss school due to safety concerns. However, despite theoretical support, research has not sufficiently addressed the relationship between students' fear and fighting at school. This secondary analysis used data from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 13,583) to examine the relationship between fear at school, victimization, and engagement in fighting at school among high school students. We created a 3-item composite fear variable, conducted logistic regression to examine likelihood of fighting, and multinomial regression to examine risk for multiple fights, and stratified all models by gender. Findings indicate that both male and female students who experienced fear were more likely to engage in fights at school than peers who did not experience fear, even when controlling for other factors. Likewise, the more fear incidents a student experienced, the more at risk they were for engaging in multiple fights. Findings on victimization indicate that the relationship with fighting is more straightforward for male students than for female students. For males, being bullied and experiencing multiple incidents of physical and sexual TDV were all associated with fighting at school. For females, however, only one type of victimization was associated with fighting at school: experiencing multiple incidents of physical TDV. Overall, findings suggest that fear may be more than merely a by-product of fighting, but rather-as the extant research supports-fear also can be generalized across situations and displayed through patterns of aggression. Findings support the need for interventions aimed at skill-building in areas of communication, emotion regulation, conflict resolution, and healthy relationships to help youth-particularly those in younger grades-negotiate interpersonal relationships without the use of violence.
Genomic evidence for plant-parasitic nematodes as the earliest Wolbachia hosts

Wolbachia, one of the most widespread endosymbionts, is a target for biological control of mosquito-borne diseases (malaria and dengue virus), and antibiotic elimination of infectious filarial nematodes. We sequenced and analyzed the genome of a new Wolbachia strain (wPpe) in the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Phylogenomic analyses placed wPpe as the earliest diverging Wolbachia, suggesting two evolutionary invasions into nematodes. The next branches comprised strains in sap-feeding insects, suggesting Wolbachia may have first evolved as a nutritional mutualist. Genome size, protein content, %GC, and repetitive DNA allied wPpe with mutualistic Wolbachia, whereas gene repertoire analyses placed it between parasite (A, B) and mutualist (C, D, F) groups. Conservation of iron metabolism genes across Wolbachia suggests iron homeostasis as a potential factor in its success. This study enhances our understanding of this globally pandemic endosymbiont, highlighting genetic patterns associated with host changes. Combined with future work on this strain, these genomic data could help provide potential new targets for plant-parasitic nematode control.
Test-Based Education for Students with Disabilities and English Language Learners: The Impact of Assessment Pressures on Educational Planning.

The article presents a longitudinal study of an urban charter middle school to examine the impact testing pressures can have on the education of students with disabilities and English language lear...
Understanding Diverse Interpretations of Animated GIFs

Animated GIFs are increasingly popular in text-based communication. Like other forms of nonverbal communication, animated GIFs are susceptible to open interpretation. We explore whether people have different interpretations of animated GIFs, how those interpretations differ, and what factors impact the degree of difference. Through an online survey, we solicited people's interpretations of a sample of GIFs, and analyzed the variance in sentiment based on the emotions participants used to describe GIFs. We find diverse interpretations of GIFs, and that duration of GIFs has a significant impact on interpretation. Positive GIFs also have more variance in interpretation than negative GIFs. Overall, we show that there is potential for miscommunication in animated GIFs, and animated GIFs may be a more nuanced form of nonverbal communication than emoticons and emoji.
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School.

Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (NJMS; Figure A) is located in Newark, NJ. Rutgers NJMS is 1 of the 2 major medical schools in the state of NJ, and it belongs to Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences. The Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine is 1 of 4 basic science departments in NJMS. Here, the author provides an overview of the department and discusses its strategies for conducting high quality research and improving research productivity. Figure. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine at the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. A , The Medical Science Building where the department is located. B , Faculty members of the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine. (Four members are not pictured). C , Diagram of research projects and the current National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded investigators. The research projects on cardiac development are currently funded by non-NIH funding. Our research projects are supported by core facilities both within (indicated by blue) and outside (indicated by green) the department. AAV indicates adeno-associated virus; and iPS, inducible pluripotent stem cell. The goal in this department is to perform high quality research into human diseases, including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease. Although many investigators in this department focus on cardiovascular disease, others study stem cells, aging, cancer, and development, allowing for research using interdisciplinary approaches. Currently, our department has 21 faculty members (Figure B), 7 postdoctoral fellows, and 7 PhD students. In 2016, 53% of the departmental budget came from external grants, 32% from the state of NJ, and the rest from overheads and tuitions. Many of our investigators are supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other sources, including the American Heart Association, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, and the Leducq Fondation. Our department ranked 21st of 78 cell biology/anatomy …
Suicide Among American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander Youth: An Unrealized Future

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (NHPI) youth ages 15–24 years, sixth leading cause of death for AIAN males (Khan, Visions: BC’s Ment Health Addict J 5:6, 2008), and third for all NHPI youth age 10–14 years (Heron, Natl Vital Stat Rep 65:1, 2016). Cultural issues add a level of complexity to developing treatment plans and interventions, while historical trauma adds to the severity of usual risk factors for AIAN/NHPI youth. Presented is the case of a suicidal child and how the team utilized culturally appropriate treatment interventions. Mental health providers can help prevent suicide among this vulnerable group by having a better understanding of the cultural and historical contributors to the risk factors for suicide among AIAN/NHPI youth.
Effects of Different Communication Tools on the Efficiency of Anesthesiologists in the Perioperative Setting.

Objective: To assess if Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) technology has an effect on the perioperative efficiency of anesthesiologists at our institution. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all outpatient and short-stay patients who received general anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care between January and June of 2016. Patients over 18 years with an ASA classification of 1, 2, and 3 were included. Time was used as a measure of efficiency between two groups of anesthesiologists. These two comparison groups were as follows: Group 1: Anesthesiologists at the academic center’s main campus who do not have access to RTLS Group 2: Anesthesiologists at Josie Robertson Ambulatory Surgical Center where RTLS is available and use of RTLS is compulsory. Two outcome measures were collected from patient electronic records: (1) DUR1: Duration between when patient is admitted to a presurgical bed and preoperative evaluation by the attending anesthesiologist. (2) DUR2: Duration between when patient is admitted to the operating room and initiation of induction by the attending anesthesiologist. Results: Anesthesiologists who had access to RTLS technology were found to be more efficient in completing their preoperative anesthesia evaluation and initiating intraoperative induction. They took less time to complete these tasks and the difference was statistically significant to p<0.0001. Conclusion: Anesthesiologists at our institution, who have access to RTLS as an additional communication tool, were found to be consistently more efficient in their perioperative workflow. There are confounding factors that can account for the shorter times and more efficient perioperative workflow of anesthesiologists. With continued application and investigation over time, the utility of RTLS on workflow efficiency of healthcare providers will become more apparent.
Insights from a Case of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma

Purpose/Background: The aim of this study was to report a patient with vitreoretinal lymphoma with clinical features providing hypothesis-generating insights into the pathophysiology of this disease. Methods: Clinical history and imaging studies (i.e., fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography) were documented. Results: A 71-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of blurred vision in the right eye and bilateral vitreous infiltrates unresponsive to topical and systemic steroids. Vitreous biopsy of the left eye was diagnostic for lymphoma. Bulky subretinal deposits in the right eye responded to systemic therapy. The left fundus showed diffuse hypoautofluorescence and punctate, hyperfluorescent sub-retinal pigment epithelial tumor deposits, which resolved leaving hypoautofluorescent atrophic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) scars, except inferotemporally, where retinal vasculopathy had occurred. Conclusions: The clinical features suggest that occlusion of the inferotemporal retinal arteriole prevented sub-RPE lymphomatous deposits and subsequent RPE atrophy in this area of vascular nonperfusion. This suggests that “primary” vitreoretinal lymphoma is secondary to hematogenous spread from systemic loci. This finding, together with the ocular tumor control achieved entirely by systemic therapy, indicates scope for studies investigating systemic treatment protocols, especially those including immune-modulatory agents.
Residual strength fatigue theories for composite materials

Abstract This chapter discusses the most common residual strength-based failure theories for composite materials present in the literature. Particular attention is paid to the ability of the models to reproduce experimental observations for multi-stress level (spectrum) loading conditions. Comparisons are also introduced with the familiar Miner's rule results.
MicroRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Revealed by Deep Sequencing Technology

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many genes critical for tumorigenesis; thus, studying their expression in breast cancer could enhance our understanding of tumorigenesis pathways and/or identify prognostic and diagnostic markers. Although studies in various malignancies point to miRNA dysregulation in cancer, many studies show conflicting results, partly because they use different methodologies. Deep sequencing technology has been used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in tissue biopsy specimens as well as in circulation from breast cancer patients, also enabling identification of nucleotide variations and novel miRNAs. In a large sequencing-based study of breast tissue specimens, the differentiation of tumor subtypes and prediction of metastasis based on miRNA levels were statistically possible but not driven by dysregulation of abundant miRNAs, implicating fewer miRNAs involved in tumorigenic processes than previously suggested. None of the highly abundant miRNAs showed nucleotide variation within their mature sequence, in agreement with studies of other malignancies. Analysis of circulating miRNAs also suggests differentiation of tumor subtypes and miRNAs with prognostic potential, but clinical application requires standardized methods for sample processing and larger validation studies.
Reflections on Contemporary Psychotherapy Practice, Research, and Training

We do not lack for criticism about psychotherapy practice, research, and training. Admittedly, there is much there that needs to change. But, thus far, what have we done right? What are some of the positive, affirming, constructive strides that have been made with regard to therapy practice, research, and training? In this paper, those questions are addressed. Ten broad-based themes about some aspects of psychotherapy are presented and discussed; while by no means exhaustive, each is considered to be quite robust and clearly reflective of some of the truly constructive facets now evident in the field.
Nonlinear Optics in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Nonlinear photonic circuits with the ability to generate and process signals all-optically have emerged in the past decade with superior performance to electronic chips. In particular, crystalline silicon has become a leading platform for integrated nonlinear optics. More recently, hydrogenated amorphous silicon emerged as a promising alternative to crystalline silicon due to its large nonlinearity. In this paper, we review recent research on nonlinear optical interactions in and applications of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanophotonic devices. This new material platform enables the capability of multilayer CMOS-compatible photonic-integrated circuits with low-power requirements for high-speed optical signal processing.
Enabling liquid solvent structure analysis using hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy with a transferrable microfluidic reactor.

In this paper, a vacuum compatible microfluidic device, system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface, is integrated to hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy to obtain the local structure of K3[Fe(CN)6] in aqueous solutions with three concentrations of 0.5 M, 0.05 M, and 0.005 M. The solutions were sealed in a microchannel 500 µm wide and 300 µm deep in a portable microfluidic device. The Fe K-edge x-ray absorption spectra indicate a presence of Fe(III) in the complex in water, with an octahedral geometry coordinated with 6 C atoms in the first shell with a distance of ~1.92 A and 6 N atoms in the second shell with a distance of ~3.10 A. Varying the concentration has no observable influence on the structure of K3[Fe(CN)6]. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using microfluidic based liquid cells in large synchrotron facilities. Using portable microfludic reactors provides a viable approach to enable multifaceted measurements of liquids in the future.
A Molecular Silane-Derivatized Ru(II) Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Photoanodes in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells integrate molecular chromophore/catalyst assemblies on mesoporous n-type metal oxide electrodes for light-driven water oxidation. One limitation for sustainable photoanodes is the stability of chromophore/catalyst assembly on electrode surfaces for long periods. Progress has been made in stabilizing chromophores based on atomic layer deposition, polymer dip coating, C-C cross-coupling by electropolymerization, and silane surface binding, but little progress has been made on catalyst stabilization. We report here the silane-derivatized catalyst, Ru(bda)(L)2 (bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate, L = 4-(6-(triethoxysilyl)hexyl)pyridine), catalyst 1, which is stabilized on metal oxide electrode surfaces over an extended pH range. A surface stabilization study shows that it maintains its reactivity on the electrode surface toward electrochemical oxidation over a wide range of conditions. Its electrochemical stability on electrode surfaces has been systematically evaluated, and its role as a catalyst for water oxidation has been explored. On surfaces of mesoporous nanostructured core/shell SnO2/TiO2, with a TiO2 stabilized inner layer of the Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore, [Ru(4,4'-(PO3H2)2bpy)(bpy)2]2+ (RuP2+; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), highly efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation catalysis occurs to produce O2 with a maximum efficiency of ∼1.25 mA/cm2. Long-term loss of catalytic activity occurs with time owing to catalyst loss from the electrode surface by axial ligand dissociation in the high oxidation states of the catalyst.
Direct synthesis of Fe rich SBA-15 at low pH by in-situ formation of iron phosphate phase

Abstract Materials such as Fe-SBA-15, combining first-row earth abundant transition metals and mesoporous silica are of interest as heterogeneous catalysts. Strategies to incorporate Fe within mesoporous silica SBA-15 involve lowering the acidity of the synthesis gel which detrimentally effects the morphology of the final catalyst. Alternatively, multi-step chemical routes may be used to incorporate Fe which complicate production. Herein, direct addition of the salt additive diammonium phosphate to the synthesis gel of Fe-SBA-15 improves Fe content from 0.04 to 10.14 wt. % while maintaining a surface area >600 m2 g−1 by producing an iron phosphate phase throughout the mesoporous silica. Through speciation calculations in Visual MINTEQ, ICP-AES, N2 physisorption, HRTEM, EDS, 57Fe Mossbauer, SAXS, and XRD we observed a well-ordered mesoporous pore structure consisting of SiO2 with dispersed Fe and P species which may exist as mesoporous FePO4 sites.
From Legitimacy to Learning: How Impact Measurement Perceptions and Practices Evolve in Social Enterprise–Social Finance Organization Relationships

While the links between the fields of social enterprise and social finance appear apparent, academic research on the relationship lags behind practice. This study examines how social enterprises interact with social finance organizations in the context of impact measurement. Through qualitative research with eight social enterprises and their respective funders, I find evidence that both sides view impact measurement primarily as a means for establishing legitimacy prior to engagement, and in the early stages of their relationship. These relationships are hierarchical and rigid at early stages, but over time evolve into more collaborative partnerships. Eventually, social enterprises embrace impact measurement as a tool for organizational learning, and social finance organizations develop more empowering approaches for impact measurement. The level of flexibility and the closeness of the relationship between social finance organizations and social enterprises suggest important lessons for the development of a more enabling use of impact measurement.
Summarizing Remarks on the Structure and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae and Properties of Their Central Stars

To review or attempt to summarize a conference such as this recalls the request our department office once received from a little fourth-grade schoolgirl: “I’m doing a science project on the stars. Tell me all about them on two pages.” We can only try to look at the broad picture and attempt to identify problems that require special emphasis or attention.
Multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging of damaged choroidal vessels in the rabbit retina

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a non-invasive and hybrid optical imaging technique that has a potential to visualize chorioretinal vasculature in vivo. The capability of PAM can be extended to better visualize the dynamic changes of the vasculature network in the retina when it is combined with another imaging modality such as fluorescence microscopy or OCT. In this study, an integrated PAM and OCT has been developed to identify the local tissue damage during laserinduced photocoagulation on major choroidal vessels. Choroidal lesion was induced using a high power green light laser at 532 nm with millisecond pulse duration in eight New Zealand rabbits. Each rabbit eye was irradiated for 0.5 s at a laser power of 750 mW and spot size of 100 μm. Six laser burn positions were created on each eye. At each laser burn, twenty shots of the laser were applied. Multimodal PAM, OCT, fundus, and FA were used to monitor thermal lesion at different time points (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28) after photocoagulation. All thermal lesions were clearly identified with high resolution using PAM. In addition, the PAM images exhibited dynamic changes of density and morphology of choroidal vasculature. The OCT images provided visualization of the cross-sectional structure of retinal tissues and the location of thermal lesion. Multimodal PAM and OCT can provide a feasible tool for evaluation and monitoring of damaged tissues and the microvasculature of the retina.
Route assignment and scheduling with trajectory coordination

We study the problem of finding optimal routes and schedules for multiple vehicles traveling in a network. Vehicles may have different origins and destinations, and must coordinate their trajectori...
The all-inside all-suture technique demonstrated better biomechanical behaviors in meniscus radial tear repair.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three constructs and techniques for repair of radial tears of the meniscus. Thirty fresh frozen porcine menisci were divided equally into three groups consisting of (1) inside-out repair group, (2) a commonly used all-inside suture with anchor hybrid repair construct (AISAH) (Meniscal Cinch™), and (3) an all-inside all-suture repair construct (AIAS) (Knee Scorpion™). Radial tears were created and repaired and then the menisci were secured to the materials testing machine. Both cyclic loading and load-to-failure testing were performed. The displacement, stiffness, response to cyclic loading, and mode of failure were recorded and analyzed statistically. The displacement after cyclic loading (DACL) of the Cinch repair construct group was significantly higher than that of the inside-out repair construct group (p = 0.000) and AIAS repair construct (p = 0.000). There was not a statistical difference of DACL between inside-out and AIAS groups (n.s.). The inside-out construct failed at a significantly higher load than the AISAH repair construct (p = 0.000) and AIAS construct (p = 0.006). The AIAS construct failed at a significantly higher load than the AISAH repair construct (p = 0.009). The AIAS had a higher stiffness than AISAH (p = 0.047). The AIAS had a higher load at 3 mm protrusion than AISAH (p = 0.034). The AIAS repair construct had better biomechanical behaviors than AISAH construct and inside-out repair technique. Inside-out sutures and AIAS repair construct had similar biomechanical responses to cyclic loading. The AIAS can be used for meniscus tear surgical repair with less damage to peri-meniscus tissues.
Synthesis and crystal structures of 2-(ferrocenyl-carbon-yl)benzoic acid and 3-ferrocenylphthalide

The title compounds, 2-(ferrocenylcarbon­yl)benzoic acid, [Fe(C5H5)(C13H9O3)], 1, and 3-ferrocenylphthalide [systematic name: 3-ferrocenyl-2-benzo­furan-1(3H)-one], [Fe(C5H5)(C13H9O2)], 2, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of compound 1 was solved recently at room temperature [Qin, Y. (2019). CSD Communication (CCDC deposition number 1912662). CCDC, Cambridge, England]. Here we report a redetermination of its crystal structure at 90 K with improved precision by a factor of about three. The mol­ecular structures of both compounds exhibit a typical sandwich structure. In the crystal packing of compound 1, each mol­ecule engages in inter­molecular hydrogen bonding, forming a centrosymmetric dimer with graph-set notation R22 (8) and an O⋯O distance of 2.6073 (15) A. There are weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions in the crystal packing of compound 2. The phthalide moiety in 2 is oriented roughly perpendicular to the ferrocene backbone, with a dihedral angle of 77.4 (2)°.
Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in a Northwestern US city.

This study evaluates the COVID-19 impacts on traffic-related air pollution, including ultrafine particles (UFPs), PM2.5, black carbon (BC), NO, NO2, NOx, and CO in a Northwestern US city. Hourly traffic, air pollutants, and meteorological data on/near a major freeway in the downtown of Seattle, Washington, were collected for five weeks before and ten weeks after the Washington Stay Home Order (SHO) was enacted, respectively (February 17-May 31, 2020). The pollutants between pre- and post-SHO periods were compared, and their differences were statistically tested. Besides, first-order multivariate autoregressive (MAR(1)) models were developed to reveal the impacts specific to the change of traffic due to the COVID-19 responses while controlling for meteorological conditions. Results indicate that compared with those in the post-SHO period, the median traffic volume and road occupancy decreased by 37% and 52%, respectively. As for pollutants, the median BC and PM2.5 levels significantly decreased by 25% and 33%, relatively, while NO, NO2, NOx, and CO decreased by 33%, 29%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. In contrast, neither size-resolved UFPs nor total UFPs showed significant changes between the two periods, although larger particles (≥115.5 nm) decreased by 4-29%. Additionally, significant differences were found in meteorological conditions between the two periods. Based on the MAR(1) models, controlling for meteorological conditions, the COVID-19 responses were associated with significant decreases in median levels of traffic-related pollutants including 11.5-154.0 nm particles (ranging from -3% [95% confidence interval (CI): -1%, -4%] to -12% [95% CI: -10%, -14%]), total UFPs (-7% [95% CI: -5%, -8%]), BC (-6% [95% CI: -5%, -7%]), PM2.5 (-2% [95% CI: -1%, -3%]), NO, NO2, NOx (ranging from -3% [95% CI: -2%, -4%] to -10% [95% CI: -18%, -12%]), and CO (-4% [95% CI, -3%, -5%]). These findings illustrate that the conclusion of the COVID-19 impacts on urban traffic-related air pollutant levels could be completely different in scenarios whether meteorology was adjusted for or not. Fully adjusting for meteorology, this study shows that the COVID-19 responses were associated with much more reductions in traffic-related UFPs than PM2.5 in the Seattle region, in contrast to the reverse trend from the direct empirical data comparison.
A non-canonical role and regulations of polo-like kinase-4 in fibroblast cell-type transition

Abstract A divergent member of the polo-like kinase family, PLK4 is known for its canonical role in centriole duplication. Its non-canonical function and regulators are poorly defined. Here we investigated PLK4’s activation and expression and regulations thereof in rat adventitial fibroblast cell-type transition induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA). Experiments using siRNA and selective inhibitor (centrinone-B) revealed a role for PLK4 not only in AA-induced proliferation/migration, but also in serum response factor (SRF) activation and smooth muscle α-actin expression. PDGFR (receptor) inhibition abrogated AA-stimulated PLK4 activation (phosphorylation) and expression; P38 inhibition (siRNA, inhibitor) downstream of PDGFR also mitigated PLK4 activation. Furthermore, transcription of PLK4 (and PDGFRα) was repressed by pan-inhibition of the bromodomain/extraterminal family of chromatin-bookmark readers (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4), an effect determined herein as mainly mediated by BRD4. In vivo, periadventitial administration of centrinone-B reduced collagen content and thickness of the adventitia in a rat model of carotid artery injury. In summary, we have identified a non-canonical role for PLK4 in SRF activation and its regulations by BRD4/PDGFRα-dominated pathways. Results in this study suggest PLK4 inhibition as a potential anti-fibrotic intervention.
Occurrence and outcomes of type 3 endoleaks in endovascular aortic repair within the Vascular Quality Initiative database.

Objectives Type 3 endoleaks (T3ELs) represent a lack of aneurysm protection from systemic pressure. Previous studies have found a ~2% incidence of T3EL after standard infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR); however, no prior studies with new-generation devices have been able to determine an association between T3EL and clinical outcomes. Here we examine T3EL within the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) to define rates of occurrence, rates and modes of reintervention, and clinical consequences of these endoleaks. Design and setting Participants receiving infrarenal EVAR in the VQI from January 2003 to September 2018 were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. Participants Of 42 246 entries in the EVAR procedural registry, 41 604 had complete procedural information and were included in analysis. Of these, 36 082 had long-term follow-up, and 26 422 had follow-up (9–21 months per VQI reporting standards) with complete endoleak data recorded. Interventions All patients included in this study underwent an infrarenal EVAR. Results Within the VQI database, the rate of T3EL in infrarenal EVAR during index hospitalization was 0.37% (n=157/41 604), of which 85% were due to midgraft separation and 15% were due to fabric disruptions. Out of the 157 index hospitalization T3ELs, 4.5% (n=7) received procedural reintervention during that hospitalization, which accounted for 1% of all index hospitalization reinterventions. During the 21-month follow-up, the rate of incident T3EL was 0.7% (n=205/26 422), which accounted for 5% of all endoleaks seen during follow-up. Reinterventions for incident T3EL at follow-up were done in 30 patients (rate 0.1%), which accounted for 9% of endoleak reinterventions and 3.3% of all reinterventions. The presence of incident T3EL found during follow-up was associated with a significant decrease in 5-year survival (74% vs 80%, respectively; p=0.041) in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusion T3ELs rates at placement and follow-up remain low; however, the majority reported in long-term follow-up are incident and these incident endoleaks are associated with decreased survival in EVAR.
Hepatocyte neogenin is required for hemojuvelin-mediated hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis in mice.

Abstract Neogenin (NEO1) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional transmembrane protein. It interacts with hemojuvelin (HJV), a BMP coreceptor that plays a pivotal role in hepatic hepcidin expression. Earlier studies suggest that the function of HJV relies on its interaction with NEO1. However, the role of NEO1 in iron homeostasis remains controversial because of the lack of an appropriate animal model. Here, we generated a hepatocyte-specific Neo1 knockout (Neo1fl/fl;Alb-Cre+) mouse model that circumvented the developmental and lethality issues of the global Neo1 mutant. Results show that ablation of hepatocyte Neo1 decreased hepcidin expression and caused iron overload. This iron overload did not result from altered iron utilization by erythropoiesis. Replacement studies revealed that expression of the Neo1L1046E mutant that does not interact with Hjv, was unable to correct the decreased hepcidin expression and high serum iron in Neo1fl/fl;Alb-Cre+ mice. In Hjv−/− mice, expression of HjvA183R mutant that has reduced interaction with Neo1, also displayed a blunted induction of hepcidin expression. These observations indicate that Neo1-Hjv interaction is essential for hepcidin expression. Further analyses suggest that the Hjv binding triggered the cleavage of the Neo1 cytoplasmic domain by a protease, which resulted in accumulation of truncated Neo1 on the plasma membrane. Additional studies did not support that Neo1 functions by inhibiting Hjv shedding as previously proposed. Together, our data favor a model in which Neo1 interaction with Hjv leads to accumulation of cleaved Neo1 on the plasma membrane, where Neo1 acts as a scaffold to induce the Bmp signaling and hepcidin expression.
Spin-orbit dependence of anisotropic current-induced spin polarization

Studies of the current-induced spin polarization (CISP) have been recently reinvigorated due to the discoveries of CISP in some burgeoning materials such as oxide interfaces, van der Waals, and topological quantum materials. Here, we investigate the CISP in two-dimensional systems for different types of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) using the Boltzmann transport theory. We find an anisotropic response of CISP to the current direction which strongly depends on the type of SOC. We demonstrate that the CISP is nonlinear with respect to the SOC magnitude, depends on the Fermi energy, and exhibits two different transport regimes for low or high carrier density. Finally, we propose a magnetoresistance device which can exploit the predicted CISP anisotropy.
Microwave and X-Ray Generation from CO2 Laser Irradiated Targets

We will describe here a microwave experiment using a high power CO2 laser, a comparison of the data so obtained with previous laser generated microwave experiments, and conclude by presenting some hard x-ray data produced by CO2 lasers.
Gene therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) accounts for 5% of all inherited retinal dystrophies (Foxman et al., 1985; Kaplan et al., 1990), causing blindness in infants (Leber, 1869). Children are diagnosed before one year of age and present with impaired vision or total blindness, a normal fundus exam and a severely depressed or absent electroretinogram (ERG) (Foxman et al., 1985). Nystagmus, eye poking and hyperopia are also often observed (Franceschetti and Forni, 1958; Wagner et al., 1985). Over time, visual acuity, visual field and the ERG generally remain constant; however, fundus abnormalities begin to develop. These can include salt-and-pepper pigmentation, bone spicule pigment, an attenuation of retinal vessels and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (Perrault et al., 1999).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—WOMEN'S SEXUAL HEALTH: Persistent Genital Arousal: Disordered or Normative Aspect of Female Sexual Response?

ABSTRACT Introduction Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), previously known as persistent sexual arousal syndrome, is a serious and extremely distressing condition. Clinical experience suggests that there may be a subset of women who experience persistent genital arousal as a normative and not especially distressing part of their sexuality. Aim To determine whether there are women who report unprovoked genital arousal and view it as normative, and to identify differences between women who endorse all five features of PGAD vs. those who endorse only some of features. Main Outcome Measures Respondents were asked about the nature, onset, duration, and severity of their arousal, and their feelings about PGAD. Overall sexual and relationship satisfaction was assessed, as were scores on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Methods An on-line, anonymous survey on persistent genital arousal was conducted. Of the 388 respondents, 206 women endorsed all five features of PGAD (PGAD group) and 176 endorsed some, but not all, criteria (non-PGAD group). Results The two groups were similar in age, relationship status, and duration. More PGAD than non-PGAD women reported current symptoms and greater symptom severity. Distress ratings were significantly greater for PGAD than non-PGAD women (7.9 vs. 4.7 on a 10-point scale). Forty-eight percent of PGAD vs. 27% of non-PGAD women reported continuous feelings of arousal. Significantly more PGAD women than non-PGAD women endorsed negative feelings about their genital arousal. Women with PGAD reported lower desire, less sexual satisfaction, greater pain, and lower overall scores on the FSFI. Conclusions There is a cohort of women who regularly, if intermittently, experience unprovoked and persistent genital arousal and find it mildly pleasurable. Their genital arousal differs from that of women who meet all five criteria for a diagnosis of PGAD. Possible explanations and etiologies for these differing reactions are discussed. Leiblum S, Seehuus M, and Brown C. Persistent genital arousal: Disordered or normative aspect of female sexual response?