cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Using Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Occupational Health Risk Assessment and Standard Setting

Risk assessment forms the basis for both occupational health decision-making and the development of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Although genetic and epigenetic data have not been widely used in risk assessment and ultimately, standard setting, it is possible to envision such uses. A growing body of literature demonstrates that genetic and epigenetic factors condition biological responses to occupational and environmental hazards or serve as targets of them. This presentation addresses the considerations for using genetic and epigenetic information in risk assessments, provides guidance on using this information within the classic risk assessment paradigm, and describes a framework to organize thinking about such uses. The framework is a 4 × 4 matrix involving the risk assessment functions (hazard identification, dose-response modeling, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) on one axis and inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic data on the other axis. The cells in the matrix ident...
Synthesis of a Bis-thio-acetone (BTA) Analogue of the Lysine Isopeptide Bond and its Application to Investigate the Effects of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation on α-Synuclein Aggregation and Toxicity.

The reversible modification of protein by the small protein ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like modifiers plays important roles in virtually every key biological process in eukaryotic cells. The establishment of a range of chemical methods for the preparation of ubiquitinated proteins has enabled the site-specific interrogation of the consequences of these modifications. However, many of these techniques require significant levels of synthetic expertise, somewhat limiting their widespread application by the biological community. To overcome this issue, the creation of structural analogues of the ubiquitin–protein linkage that can be readily prepared with commercially available reagents and buffers is an important goal. Here we present the development of conditions for the facile synthesis of bis-thio-acetone (BTA) linkages of ubiquitinated proteins in high yields. Additionally, we apply this technique to the preparation of the aggregation prone protein α-synuclein bearing either ubiquitin or the small ubiq...
Dilute Fermi Liquid of Heavy Polarons in Copper Oxide Superconductors

In this paper we point out that a large body of data on the newly discovered copper oxide superconductors points to the existence in these materials of a new type of dilute fermi liquid composed of heavy polarons, which we believe acquire their mass magnetically. Each polaron is a hole doped into the host material, a Mott insulator, self-trapped in a well, much the way a hole added to an alkali halide is trapped. The polaron is mobile, has a mass m* of approximately 6 electron masses, and has ail ionization energy, an upper limit on its binding energy, of approximately 0.15 eV. The fermi energy of the polaron liquid in La2-xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.15 is roughly 80 meV. The smallness of this energy is unprecedented in the phenomenology of superconductivity and is probably the key to understanding these materials.
Graft-versus-host disease versus graft-versus-leukemia

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant clinical problem after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) associated with substantial morbidity and mortality that limits the potential utility of transplantation. Associated with GVHD is the well-recognized phenomenon of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect that results in reduced risk of disease relapse. GVL effects have been observed after treatment for a broad range of hematological malignancies. Both GVHD and GVL are the results of T cell-effector functions that frames a major question in the field of how linked are these two phenomena. A major goal of basic science and translational research has been to develop strategies to reduce the risk of GVHD while maintaining or enhancing GVL. In this review, a number of different strategies developed from preclinical animal models will be explored with a focus on those approaches that have been extended to the clinic in an attempt to achieve this goal. Needless to say, there is no proven strategy; however, with the use of modern technology and clinical translation, there has been substantial progress toward this goal of reducing the risks of GVHD while promoting and enhancing GVL responses.
Category management of expanded program on immunization Delivery for floating children

Objective To explore the effective category management of expanded program on immunization(EPI) delivery for floating children.Methods Three counties were selected to study the background of the immunization in floating children,and the category management were established according to the characteristics in respective area.Results The number of floating children in EPI management raised by 84.26 %,and the coverage rate of immunization for each vaccine were increased from 30%～70% to 80%～90% respectively.Conclusion The category management of EPI delivery for floating children is adaptable to different areas,which can improve the performance and coverage of floating children immunization.
A qualitative investigation of users' discovery, access, and organization of video games as information objects

Video games are popular consumer products as well as research subjects, yet little exists about how players and other stakeholders find video games and what information they need to select, acquire and play video games. With the aim of better understanding people's game-related information needs and behaviour, we conducted 56 semi-structured interviews with users who find, play, purchase, collect and recommend video games. Participants included gamers, parents, collectors, industry professionals, librarians, educators and scholars. From this user data, we derive and discuss key design implications for video game information systems: designing for target user populations, enabling recommendations based on appeals, offering multiple automatic organization options and providing relationship-based, user-generated, subject and visual metadata. We anticipate this work will contribute to building future video game information systems with new and improved access to games.
Cloning and Identification of MARC-145 Cell Proteins Binding to 3’ UTR and Partial Nucleoprotein Gene of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

The PRRSV has a (+) sense RNA genome 15 kb in size, with 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of 156-220 and 59-117 nucleotides flanking the viral genome (Snijder and Meulenberg, 1998). Virus grows in MARC, CL2621 and MA-104 cell lines. BHK-21 cells when transfected with PRRSV RNA, produced new infectious virus (Meulenberg et al., 1998). PRRSV enters cells by standard endocytosis route and low pH in these vesicles is required for the viral entry (Kreutz and Ackermann, 1996).
Revisiting the Fetal Magnetocardiogram and Fetal Magnetoencephalogram

The first studies of fetal neuromagnetism and fetal cardiomagnetism were published more than ten and twenty years ago, respectively [1,2]. Despite considerable interest generated by these reports, relatively few follow-up studies appeared. In retrospect, this is somewhat surprising given that 1) in several respects, magnetic detection is almost uniquely suited to intrauterine evaluation, and 2) there is a paucity of alternate fetal evaluation techniques that provide functional information. During the last few years, interest in fetal biomagnetism has reemerged, as a number of groups have reported findings at meetings and in the literature. This paper presents fetal MCG and fetal MEG studies performed recently by our group at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Inter- and Intrapersonal Barriers to Living Donor Kidney Transplant among Black Recipients and Donors

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is more common among Blacks, but Blacks are less likely to receive a live donor kidney transplant (LDKT). The objective of this study is to identify barriers and coping mechanisms that Black LDKT recipients and donors experienced while receiving or donating a kidney. A qualitative study was conducted using structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used for data interpretation. All 20 participants identified as Black, with two participants identifying themselves as multiracial. The mean age for the 14 recipients was 60, and the average age for the 6 living donors was 47. Themes emerging from the data suggest both recipients and donors faced barriers in the LDKT experience. Recipients faced barriers associated with their denial and avoidance of the severity of their ESRD, their desire to maintain the privacy of their health status, and their refusal to approach potential donors. Donors encountered negative responses from others about the donors’ desire to donate and the initial refusal of recipients to accept a LDKT offer. Recipients identified faith as a coping mechanism, while donors identified normalization of donation as their method of coping. Various types of social support helped donors and recipients navigate the transplant process. Black LDKT recipients and donors must overcome barriers prior to receiving or donating a kidney. Most of these barriers arise from communication and interactions with others that are either lacking or undesirable. Future interventions to promote LDKT among Blacks may benefit by specifically targeting these barriers.
Central nervous system relapse in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

7080 Background: Recurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the central nervous system (CNS) in adults is associated with poor outcome. Few reports have analyzed the impact of contemporary...
International Students at Community Colleges: Challenges and Opportunities for This Unique Segment of U.S Higher Education

In unprecedented numbers, American community colleges are seeking to boost their recruitment and retention of international students. This chapter uncovers the challenges and opportunities based on successful experiences in community college efforts.
Synthesis of Complex Glycolates by Enantioconvergent Addition Reactions

ConspectusThe unique role that stereochemistry plays in molecular recognition events continues to provide a driving force for synthesizing organic compounds in enantioenriched form. The tendency of enantioenriched organic compounds to revert to an entropically favored racemic state in the presence of viable racemization pathways (e.g., the enolization of stereogenic carbonyl derivatives) can sometimes interfere with this objective; however, beginning with Noyori’s foundational disclosure of a dynamic kinetic transfer hydrogenation, the ability to channel racemic, configurationally labile starting materials through stereoconvergent reaction pathways has been recognized as a powerful strategy in asymmetric synthesis. Proton transfer, retro-aldol, retro-Michael, reversible redox events, and other processes that can be deleterious to asymmetric synthesis are exploitable in enantioconvergent reactions using chiral small molecules and enzymes as asymmetric catalysts. Enantioselective reduction of configurationa...
Religious Disagreement and Epistemic Intuitions

Religious disagreement is, quite understandably, viewed as a problem for religious belief. In this paper, I consider why religious disagreement is a problem—why it is a potential defeater for religious belief—and I propose a way of dealing with this sort of potential defeater. I begin by focusing elsewhere—on arguments for radical skepticism. In section 1, I consider skeptical arguments proposed as potential defeaters for all of our perceptual and memory beliefs and explain what I think the rational response is to such potential defeaters, emphasizing the way epistemic intuitions are involved in both the skeptical arguments and my recommended response. In section 2, I discuss the way in which peer disagreement—on any topic—is a potential defeater for our beliefs, highlighting the conditions under which recognized disagreement is a successful defeater and those under which it isn't. In the third section, I consider how to use a section-1 type of response to deal with a section-2 type of defeater for religious belief.
Superparamagnetic colloidal chains prepared via Michael-addition

Abstract As colloidal particles have proven to be excellent macroscopic models of atomic systems, colloidal assemblies may provide good molecular analogs. For example, chains of colloids could mimic synthetic polymeric or natural biological molecules such as proteins and DNA; however, methods for the assembly of such colloidal structures are still limited. Here, we use an external magnetic field to align functionalized superparamagnetic spheres into linear chains of different lengths. We further use Michael-addition to chemically link neighboring monomers and investigate mechanical properties of the synthesized chains as a function of reaction temperature, time, and linker length. We find that both the number average chain length and chain flexibility are greater for chains prepared with longer linker lengths. We also find that chain lengths decay over time with rates that increase with lower reaction temperature and shorter linker length. Both the chain formation statistics and temporal stability of magnetic chains can be well explained by classical polymer-growth theories.
Evaluating the Emergency Department Observation Unit for the management of hyperglycemia in adults.

Abstract Objective To determine whether hyperglycemic patients can be successfully managed in the Emergency Department Observation Unit (EDOU), as determined by the frequency of inpatient admission following their EDOU stay. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients ≥ 18 years presenting to an academic tertiary care ED between May 1, 2014 and May 31, 2016, found to have a glucose ≥ 300 mg/dL, and selected for EDOU admission. Patient demographic information, lab results including an HbA1c, disposition, and hospital revisits within 30 days of discharge were recorded. Results There were 124 EDOU patients meeting criteria. A total of 98/124 (79.0%) had a history of type 1 or 2 diabetes, and 26/124 (21.0%) were newly diagnosed with diabetes in the EDOU. The mean initial ED serum glucose was 467 ± 126 mg/dL. Of the 119 patients with HbA1c analyzed, the mean value was 12.1 ± 2.2% (109 ± 24 mmol/mol) and in 112/119 (94.1%) the level was ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol). Overall, 104/124 (83.9%) were discharged from the EDOU, 18/124 (14.5%) were admitted to the inpatient service, and 2/124 (1.6%) left the EDOU against medical advice. A total of 7/124 (5.6%) patients returned to the ED within 30 days of discharge with hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis, 6/7 (85.7%) of whom had been discharged from the EDOU. Conclusions Results suggest hyperglycemic patients selected by ED physicians can be managed in the EDOU setting. Nearly all patients managed in the EDOU for hyperglycemia had an HbA1c ≥ 9.0%, suggesting unrecognized or poorly controlled chronic diabetes as the basis for hyperglycemia.
Christian Therapists' and Clients' Perceptions of Religious Psychotherapy in Private and Agency Settings:

This study investigates the work of seven mental health professionals with 27 adult clients using data from 92 sessions. Therapists were in private practice or agencies. Therapists and clients (a) ...
Antibiotics Pollution in Soil and Water: Potential Ecological and Human Health Issues

The occurrence and fate of human and veterinary antibiotics in the environment has become the subject of recent investigations because of the potential health effects brought about by exposure to these emerging contaminants. One of the biggest issues about antibiotic contamination of the environment is the increased emergence of resistant pathogenic bacteria. Other chronic effects and ecological problems linked to pharmaceutical contamination are also getting more and more recognized. The focus of this article is toward the environmental behavior and potential impacts of the most commonly used antibiotics, tetracyclines and sulfonamides, which are used worldwide at large quantities.
Self-Organization in Cells II: Reaction-Diffusion Models

In the previous chapter, we focused on the role of active processes such as polymerization on the self-organization of cytoskeletal structures. We now turn to another major mechanism for self-organization within cells (and between cells), namely, the interplay between diffusion (Chap. 2) and nonlinear chemical reactions (Chap. 6). Historically speaking, the idea that a reaction–diffusion system can spontaneously generate spatiotemporal patterns was first introduced by Turing in his seminal 1952 paper [646]. Turing considered the general problem of how organisms develop their structures during the growth from embryos to adults. He established the principle that two nonlinearly interacting chemical species differing significantly in their rates of diffusion can amplify spatially periodic fluctuations in their concentrations, resulting in the formation of a stable periodic pattern.
Explaining Linking Regularities

In the examples we have considered so far, the linking of CS arguments to syntactic positions is stipulated on an entry-by-entry basis, which suggests that these associations are arbitrary and can be different for each verb. In fact, however, the syntactic realization of thematic roles is generally predictable cross-linguistically, as has been well-known since the early work of Fillmore (1968), Carter (1976), and Ostler (1979). For example, for causative verbs (read, break), the agent, if it links, links to the external argument, and the theme, if it links, links to an internal AS argument. We do not find verbs like the hypothetical verbs shmead or shmeak in (1), which are identical in all respects to the English verbs read and break except that the syntactic realizations of agent and theme are reversed.
Engineering Management: The Evolution, Conceptual Model, and Social Responsibility of an Emerging Discipline

This article continues the conversation about the formation, history, and evolution of the EM concept. It contributes to the description and advancement of engineering management (EM) as an emerging discipline, by providing a new conceptual model that depicts a framework for distinguishing a generalist-engineering manager from a discipline-specific one, such as a systems engineering manager. It discusses the challenging social responsibilities facing engineering managers and their roles. It also examines the EM body of knowledge including the engineering design management, and the need for effective engineering managers who can anticipate technical challenges and work with various stakeholders to create a better future in technical organizations.
THE DATA HIERARCHY: factors influencing the adoption and implementation of data-driven decision making

Marketing practitioners have access to a rapidly increasing quantity and variety of data from customers and other stakeholders. Managers use the term “Big Data” to describe this avalanche of information, which many view as critical to providing a better understanding of customers and markets. This research uses interviews with managers to examine the marketing function’s perspective on data-driven decision making within the firm. Based on informant responses, we develop a hierarchy of data-oriented decision making, describe the drivers that influence where a firm falls within this hierarchy, and detail several transition capabilities for marketing managers interested in becoming more data-driven. The key factors that influence the level of data driven decision making are: 1) firm environment; 2), competition, 3) executive commitment, 4) interdepartmental dynamics, and 5) organizational structure. This framework guides marketing managers both in evaluating the firm’s data capabilities and facilitating change.
Exposure to ambient air pollution and autoantibody status in rheumatoid arthritis

To evaluate the relationship between air pollutant (AP) exposure and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibody status We performed a cross sectional study utilizing enrollment data from participants in the Veterans Affairs rheumatoid arthritis registry. HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE), smoking, rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status were collected. Mean exposure levels were obtained for AP (NO2, SO2, particulate matter [PM2.5, PM10], and ozone) from air quality monitoring stations at patients’ residential zip codes in the year prior to enrollment. Multivariable logistic and ordinary least squares regression models were used to determine independent associations of AP with RA seropositivity and autoantibody concentration. The cohort included 557 veterans (90% male, 76% Caucasian), with mean age of 70 years and mean disease duration of 13 years. The majority were HLA-DRB1 SE, RF, and ACPA positive (73%, 79%, and 76%, respectively). In univariate models, PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher ACPA concentration (p = 0.009). Similarly, in multivariable regression models, PM2.5 exposure was independently associated with higher ACPA concentration (p = 0.037). Current smoking independently predicted RF and ACPA positivity and titers, while HLA-DRB1 SE alleles were associated with RF positivity and ACPA positivity and titers. In an elderly cohort of RA patients, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure independently predicted higher ACPA concentration. Further study of fine particulate matter in the pathogenesis of RA is warranted.
The removal of cellular lipids from Landschůtz ascites cells and smooth muscle cells in culture.

Although the function of the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) is unknown, Glomset (1,2) has postulated that plasma HDL and plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) play an important role in the transport of unesterified cholesterol from other lipoproteins and peripheral tissues to the liver. It is postulated that the cholesterol exchanges in an non-enzymic manner between plasma lipoproteins and membranes and HDL. The unesterified cholesterol in the HDL is then esterified by the plasma enzyme, LCAT. The cholesteryl esters formed are then transported via HDL to the liver where they are either converted to bile acids and secreted in the bile or incorporated into lipoproteins and released into the circulation. Evidence that cells can, indeed, lose their membrane cholesterol to the plasma lipoproteins and, in particular HDL, has been demonstrated by a number of investigators (3–7). Stein and Stein (5) found that [3H]cholesterol was removed from Landschutz ascites cells incubated in the presence of either LDL or HDL. However, HDL was much more effective in removing cellular sterol. Although lipid-free HDL (apoHDL) was also effective, the release of sterol was greatly increased when apo HDL were mixed with either rat liver phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. In these earlier studies (5), no attempt was made to use the isolated apoproteins or phospholipids of known composition. In the present communication, we have used purified apoproteins from both the high density and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and have measured the removal of cellular lipids from both Landschutz ascites cells and smooth muscle cells. The findings provide evidence that the various apoproteins differ in their ability to remove cellular lipids.
Neighborhood Disorder, Family Functioning, and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Adolescence.

Adolescent risky sexual behaviors can result in negative consequences such as sexually transmitted infection. However, much research effort has been placed on understanding individual characteristics, rather than the role of neighborhood environment. This study addressed the prospective effects of neighborhood and family functioning in preadolescence on risky sexual behaviors. Participants included 4179 youth (Mage = 11.01 years, range 8.64–13.83; 51% female) and their caregivers. Using objective and self-reported measures of neighborhood and family functioning, results from multilevel regression analyses indicated that youth residing in disordered neighborhoods or had poorer family functioning in preadolescence were more likely to initiate sexual intercourse at younger ages 5 years later. Specifically, neighborhood poverty and decay were linked to early sexual initiation, whereas neighborhood social and family processes were protective against early sexual initiation. Males were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors in neighborhoods with greater poverty or decay; neighborhood poverty was linked with sexual initiation in White but not African American youth. Finally, parental monitoring moderated relationships between neighborhood social resources and contraceptive use, with neighborhood social resources linked with greater contraceptive use at low levels of parental monitoring, but lower contraceptive use at high levels of parental monitoring. These findings underscore the importance of neighborhood and family contexts in adolescents’ risky sexual behavior, suggesting that males and White youth are more vulnerable to the effects of neighborhood poverty and that more research is needed on the possible counterproductive function of parental monitoring in neighborhoods with greater social resources.
Environmental factors associated with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract

Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT)is a common birth defect in children, which is regulated by genetic and environmental factors.In this paper, we search CAKUT literatures and reviews about environmental factors and find that low protein diet, high salt and low salt intake, gestational diabetes, pregnancy obesity, drug intake during pregnancy and other factors are related to CAKUT. Key words: Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract; Environment
Formidability and socioeconomic status uniquely predict militancy and political moral foundations

Abstract Previous research demonstrates positive associations between physical formidability and endorsement of conservative social policies entailing aggressive competition and hierarchical inequality. Similar ideological differences are associated with coalitional status. The current research extended findings by testing associations of formidability and coalitional status with individual differences in endorsement of dimensions identified by Moral Foundations Theory: “individualizing” foundations (care, fairness) and “binding” foundations (loyalty, purity, respect). Participants (N = 381) provided various measures of physical formidability and socioeconomic status before responding to the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and a militancy scale. Formidability was negatively associated with endorsing individualizing foundations, whereas socioeconomic status was positively associated with endorsing binding foundations. Formidability and socioeconomic status both positively predicted militancy. Contrary to previous research, associations emerged across men and women. Findings suggest psychological calculi of perceived self-interest shape political morality.
Linearized optimal transport for collider events

We introduce an efficient framework for computing the distance between collider events using the tools of Linearized Optimal Transport (LOT). This preserves many of the advantages of the recently introduced Energy Mover’s Distance, which quantifies the work required to rearrange one event into another, while significantly reducing the computational cost. It also furnishes a Euclidean embedding amenable to simple machine learning algorithms and visualization techniques, which we demonstrate in a variety of jet tagging examples. The LOT approximation lowers the threshold for diverse applications of the theory of optimal transport to collider physics.
A stable, highly oxidizing radical cation

Highly oxidizing radical cation salts can be used as chemical oxidants in a wide variety of applications. While some are commercial and others can be made, stability has been a problem with many of these organic-based reagents. We sought a method to increase redox potentials of organic compounds, to yield radical cation salts that do not suffer the same instability as their triarylamine counterparts. Using phenothiazines, we (i) blocked the positions para to nitrogen with a substituent containing strong covalent bonds, using an electron-withdrawing group to increase oxidation potential, while at the same time (ii) introduced strain at the positions ortho to nitrogen to further raise the oxidation potential by preventing geometric relaxation of the oxidized state. Here we synthesized the phenothiazine derivative, N-ethyl-1,9-dimethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine to test this hypothesis. Indeed, oxidation potentials reflect additive substituent effects, yielding a high-potential redox couple with a stable radical cation. Stability tests in solution and the solid state show that the radical cation form of this phenothiazinium is stable and can be used to oxidize other organic compounds in solution.
Socio-Economic Aspects of Information Deployment: Causes and Consequences

This paper provides a review of literature discussing the relationship between information communications technology (ICT) and low-income individuals. It seeks to identify ways in which economic class status impacts ICT engagement among low-income individuals, and to assess how class status impacts the attitudes of external interlocutors towards low-income ICT users. The study employs a three-part analysis, comprising a review of the information poverty model of information behavior and its critics, a review of literature discussing the deployment and impacts of information surveillance, and a review of literature assessing libraries as a site for closing information gaps. It presents a body of information which argues that low-income individuals interact with ICT within a complex cultural, legal and economic framework, and presents possibilities for further interdisciplinary investigation of this topic.
A Non-ergodic Spectral Acceleration Ground Motion Model for California Developed with Random Vibration Theory

A new approach for creating a non-ergodic $PSA$ ground-motion model (GMM) is presented which account for the magnitude dependence of the non-ergodic effects. In this approach, the average $PSA$ scaling is controlled by an ergodic $PSA$ GMM, and the non-ergodic effects are captured with non-ergodic $PSA$ factors, which are the adjustment that needs to be applied to an ergodic $PSA$ GMM to incorporate the non-ergodic effects. The non-ergodic $PSA$ factors are based on $EAS$ non-ergodic effects and are converted to $PSA$ through Random Vibration Theory (RVT). The advantage of this approach is that it better captures the non-ergodic source, path, and site effects through the small magnitude earthquakes. Due to the linear properties of Fourier Transform, the $EAS$ non-ergodic effects of the small events can be applied directly to the large magnitude events. This is not the case for $PSA$, as response spectrum is controlled by a range of frequencies, making $PSA$ non-ergodic effects depended on the spectral shape which is magnitude dependent. Two $PSA$ non-ergodic GMMs are derived using the ASK14 and CY14 GMMs as backbone models, respectively. The non-ergodic $EAS$ effects are estimated with the LAK21 GMM. The RVT calculations are performed with the V75 peak factor model, the $D_{a0.05-0.85}$ estimate of AS96 for the ground-motion duration, and BT15 oscillator-duration model. The California subset of the NGAWest2 database is used for both models. The total aleatory standard deviation of the two non-ergodic $PSA$ GMMs is approximately $30$ to $35\%$ smaller than the total aleatory standard deviation of the corresponding ergodic $PSA$ GMMs. This reduction has a significant impact on hazard calculations at large return periods. In remote areas, far from stations and past events, the reduction of aleatory variability is accompanied by an increase of epistemic uncertainty.
Entero-Urachal Fistula: An Unusual Initial Presentation of Penetrating and Stricturing Crohn's Disease.

Crohn’s disease (CD) has a wide variety of clinical presentations, ranging from abdominal pain to stricture and fistula. Fistulas involving the genitourinary tract can be severe and often require s...
PhyloHerb: A phylogenomic pipeline for processing genome skimming data for plants

Premise of the study: The application of high throughput sequencing, especially to herbarium specimens, is greatly accelerating biodiversity research. Among various techniques, low coverage Illumina sequencing of total genomic DNA (genome skimming) can simultaneously recover the plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear ribosomal regions across hundreds of species. Here, we introduce PhyloHerb -- a bioinformatic pipeline to efficiently and effectively assemble phylogenomic datasets derived from genome skimming. Methods and Results: PhyloHerb uses either a built-in database or user-specified references to extract orthologous sequences using BLAST search. It outputs FASTA files and offers a suite of utility functions to assist with alignment, data partitioning, concatenation, and phylogeny inference. The program is freely available at https://github.com/lmcai/PhyloHerb/. Conclusions: Using published data from Clusiaceae, we demonstrated that PhyloHerb can accurately identify genes using highly fragmented assemblies derived from sequencing older herbarium specimens. Our approach is effective at all taxonomic depths and is scalable to thousands of species.
Taking Account of the Compressibility of the Material in the Plastic Buckling of Plates

formulas for plastic buckling of plates which are said to take ac­ count of the compressibility of the material and compare the re­ sults with those from Stowell's earlier computations.1 How­ ever, as was explained in reference 2, Stowell's previous formulas follow directly from the present writer's earlier theory,3'4 from which they were derived via Ilyushin by means of the simplifying assumption that Poisson's ratio is equal to 0.5—that is, the com­ pressibility of the material was neglected at that time. Hence, Stowell and Pride should now arrive again at the present writer's original formulas. It follows directly from their Fig. 1 that they do not, since for both cases they find a correction with respect to Stowell's earlier results which is opposite to that follow­ ing from the writer's theory. This leaves the question of which formulas are right, those of Stowell and Pride or those by the writer. The former do not give any derivations, while the writer derived his formulas in several different independent ways.2'3'5 It appears that Stowell and Pride's formulas may not be correct in view of the following arguments. Consider first the buckling of an infinitely long compressed flange, simply supported at one of the unloaded sides. The stress-strain relation
Same-Sex Relationships and the Full Faith and Credit Clause: Reducing America to the Lowest Common Denominator

This Article examines the legal and policy implications that arise when a state that expressly prohibits recognition or enforcement of any rights arising from a same-sex relationship is confronted with a request to register and enforce a child custody order issued by another state that gives custody or visitation rights to a biological mother’s former same-sex partner. As more states confer marital rights to same-sex couples, this issue will occur with increasing frequency. The first reported case in the nation to address the issue, Miller-Jenkins v. Miller-Jenkins, has garnered attention from the national media, including a cover story in the Washington Post Magazine and, most recently, a feature story in Newsweek Magazine. The underlying issue arises from two seemingly conflicting federal statutes, both passed pursuant to Congress’s authority to prescribe what effect, if any, a foreign judgment should have in another state. In 1980, Congress passed the federal Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA), which requires a receiving state to give full faith and credit to another state’s custody or visitation order. In 1996, however, Congress passed the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which expressly recognizes the right of each state to refuse to give full faith and credit to any orders arising out of same-sex relationships treated as marriage. Thus, when a court in Vermont, Massachusetts, California, or New Jersey (to name a few) declares a woman to be a parent to her former same-sex partner’s biological child and grants a visitation or custody order in her favor when the relationship between the women ends, are other states required to give the order full faith and credit as a result of the PKPA, or can states refuse to give it full faith and credit pursuant to DOMA? This Article discusses the various arguments raised on both sides of the issue in the context of the Miller-Jenkins litigation. It then articulates a workable standard for interstate custody disputes arising out of same-sex relationships that gives proper * Associate Professor of Law, Liberty University School of Law. Associate Director, Liberty Center for Law & Policy. Special Counsel to Liberty Counsel. J.D., magna cum laude, Brooklyn Law School. This author would like to thank her family for the sacrifices made to allow her to write this Article and to represent in court the three mothers who are discussed in this Article.
A Theoritical and Mathematical Basis Towards Dispersing Nanoparticles and Biological Agents in a Non Polar Solvent for Fabricating Porous Materials

Porous materials are used in many different applications. These applications may require pores of different sizes, shapes and degree of connectivity. A novel method to fabricate porous materials has been described earlier where the pores in the material are produced by the death or the decomposition of the biological agent used. However to produce uniformity of the pores in the final structure, it is important to control the chemistry and rheological parameters during the fabrication process. Uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles around the biological agent is desired and the agglomeration of nanoparticles should be prevented. Dispersing nanoparticles with a suitable dispersant in the appropriate amount, while controlling the viscosity of the slurry are important factors and add an additional level of complexity when trying to fabricate materials with uniform porosity.
Acyclic stereoselection—13 : Aryl esters: reagents for threo-aldolization

Abstract Preformed Li enolates of hindered aryl esters condense with aldehydes to give predominantly threo aldols. The method has been explored with esters 3 (DMP propionate), 4 (BHT propionate), and 5 (DBHA propionate). DMP propionate reacts with benzaldehyde and α-unbranched aliphatic aldehydes to give threo:erythro ratios of about 6.5:1. However, with α-branched aliphatic aldehydes, ester 3 gives only threo-aldols. BHT propionate and DBHA propionate give only threo-aldols with all aldehydes studied. The DMP aldols may be converted into β-hydroxy acids by simple hydrolysis with KOH in aqueous methanol. BHT aldols cannot be hydrolyzed without retroaldolization. However, these aldols can be reduced to diastereomerically pure 1,3-diols. The DBHA aldols can be converted into β-hydroxy acids by a method involving oxidation with ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in aqueous acetonitrile. Threo-selectivity is also seen in the condensations of DMP butyrate (15), DBHA butyrate (16), DMP pentenoate (17), and BHT pentenoate (18). The approach has been utilized in a stereoselective synthesis of racemic methyl corynomycolate (30).
Food as medicine and medicine as food. An adaptive framework for the interpretation of plant utilization among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria.

Abstract The adaptive significance of plant utilization by a Hausa population is considered. An investigation of the multidimensional aspects of plant use focuses attention on botanicals which serve as constituents of both the local diet and an herbal pharmacopoeia. It is suggested that an examination of these plants within a therapeutic context facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the role that these plants play in the diet. The appearance of these species as dietary constituents subsequently is discussed with reference to their potential effect on the occurence and expression of gastrointestinal disease.
Sequences and Series

A sequence is a function from the positive integers (possibly including 0) to the reals. A typical example is a n =1/n defined for all integers n≥1. The notation a n is different from the standard notation for functions a(n) but means the same thing. We now define convergence for sequences.
Site-selective spectroscopy of Ca F 2 : Ho 3 +

Using selective laser excitation, the crystallographic sites arising from fluoride compensation of ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ doped into Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ have been investigated. Two sites are found corresponding to single-${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ -single-fluoride-interstitial pairs. These sites are suspected to be the tetragonal and trigonal sites observed in the similar Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$: ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ system. Two sites and a family of similar sites are found to be dimers and/or higher-order clusters. These sites exhibit upconversion and energy-transfer-assisted decay characteristics of the closely coupled rare-earth ions. This phenomenon was used to observe energy transfer between an ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and a ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ in a double-doped crystal, and therefore show the equivalency of the respective sites in each of the ion's individual spectra.
Detection of herpes simplex virus by a nonradiometric spin-amplified in situ hybridization assay.

An in situ hybridization kit (Diagnostic Hybrids, Inc., Athens, Ohio) was evaluated for use in the detection and identification of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical specimens. For in situ hybridization, a 10-min spin amplification onto monolayers of African green monkey kidney cells (CV-1) in 24-well polystyrene dishes, 24-h culture amplification, and hybridization with an alkaline phosphatase-labeled DNA probe were used. A total of 648 specimens were tested, including 275 specimens from patients with symptomatic diseases sent specifically for HSV detection and 373 specimens from asymptomatic immunocompromised patients sent for detection of HSV shedding. Overall, the sensitivity of the hybridization assay was 97.8% (131 of 134 specimens), with 105 of 105 (100%) specimens from symptomatic patients and 26 of 29 (89.9%) specimens from asymptomatic patients being detected. The three specimens that were false negative by in situ hybridization had low virus titers, as determined by tissue culture. The specificity was 99.6% (512 of 514 specimens). The rapid, accurate results suggest that the in situ hybridization kit may be used as an alternative to conventional tissue culture for the detection of HSV. Images
The rise and fall of the plantation complex: Readjustments in the nineteenth century

The beginning of the end of the plantation complex is correctly associated with the Democratic Revolution. The full liquidation of the complex was a longer process extending through the nineteenth century and into the twentieth. It had grown by adding one feature after another; it came apart by dropping one after another. Even when legal slavery ended, plantations often continued as the dominant economic unit – still managed by people of mainly European descent, still worked by people of mainly African descent. Even the old work organization of gang labor under intense supervision continued on some Caribbean islands into the twentieth century. After slavery ended, other forms of coercion continued – debt peonage, contract labor with penal sanctions, vagrancy laws, or regressive taxation aimed at forcing peasants to become wage laborers in order to meet the demands of the tax collector. In spite of these holdovers, the nineteenth century brought fundamental changes throughout the world economy. Some were clear consequences of industrialism. Others were more nearly the long-run results of much older processes in world history. A fundamental demographic change was one of these. The plantation complex and the slave trade had been linked by net natural decrease in plantation populations. The slave population of the United States began to grow by natural increase in the eighteenth century. During the nineteenth century, one tropical plantation society after another passed from net natural decrease to population growth – often at explosive rates.
Pattern Formation in Laplacian Growth: Theory

A first-principles statistical theory is constructed for the evolution of two dimensional interfaces in Laplacian fields. The aim is to predict the pattern that the growth evolves into, whether it becomes fractal and if so the characteristics of the fractal pattern. Using a time dependent map the growing region is conformally mapped onto the unit disk and the problem is converted to the dynamics of a many-body system. The evolution is argued to be Hamiltonian, and the Hamiltonian is shown to be the conjugate function of the real potential field. Without surface effects the problem is ill-posed, but the Hamiltonian structure of the dynamics allows introduction of surface effects as a repulsive potential between the particles and the interface. This further leads to a field representation of the problem, where the field's vacuum harbours the zeros and the poles of the conformal map as particles and antiparticles. These can be excited from the vacuum either by fluctuations or by surface effects. Creation and annihilation of particles is shown to be consistent with the formalism and lead to tip-splitting and side-branching. The Hamiltonian further allows to make use of statistical mechanical tools to analyse the statistics of the many-body system. I outline the way to convert the distribution of the particles into the morphology of the interface. In particular, I relate the particles statistics to the distributions of the curvature and the growth probability along the physical interface and to the fractal dimension. If the pattern turns fractal the latter distribution gives rise to a multifractal spectrum, which can be explicitly calculated for a given particles distribution. A `dilute boundary layer approximation' is discussed, which allows explicit calculations and shows emergence of an algebraically long tail
Hepatic denervation alters the transition from the fed to the food-deprived state in conscious dogs

The hepatic nerves can modulate hepatic glycogenolysis and glycogenesis and thus might be expected to be involved in the response of the animal to the transition from the fed to the food-deprived state. Therefore the arterial concentrations and net hepatic balance of glucose and its metabolites, as well as the hepatic glycogen concentrations, were compared in hepatic-innervated and -denervated dogs 18, 24 and 42 h after their usual daily meal. Arterial concentrations of glucose, alanine, lactate and glycerol; net hepatic balances of glucose, alanine and glycerol; and glycogen concentrations were similar in hepatic-innervated and -denervated dogs at each time investigated. Net hepatic balances of lactate (with negative values indicating uptake) in hepatic-innervated and -denervated dogs, respectively, were: 18 h, 4.1 +/- 4.3 vs. -4.3 +/- 3.6 mumol.kg-1 x min-1; 24 h, 4.8 +/- 3.6 vs. -6.7 +/- 1.7 mumol.kg-1 x min-1 (P < 0.05); 42 h, -7.0 +/- 2.0 vs. -6.8 +/- 1.0 mumol.kg-1 x min-1. Based on changes in net hepatic lactate balance, the denervated liver responds more rapidly to food deprivation than the innervated liver, but the metabolic state of the liver appears similar by 42 h after a meal.