cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deposition of silver nanoparticles in geochemically heterogeneous porous media: predicting affinity from surface composition analysis.

The transport of uncoated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a porous medium composed of silica glass beads modified with a partial coverage of iron oxide (hematite) was studied and compared to that in a porous medium composed of unmodified glass beads (GB). At a pH lower than the point of zero charge (PZC) of hematite, the affinity of AgNPs for a hematite-coated glass bead (FeO-GB) surface was significantly higher than that for an uncoated surface. There was a linear correlation between the average nanoparticle affinity for media composed of mixtures of FeO-GB and GB collectors and the relative composition of those media as quantified by the attachment efficiency over a range of mixing mass ratios of the two types of collectors, so that the average AgNPs affinity for these media is readily predicted from the mass (or surface) weighted average of affinities for each of the surface types. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to quantify the composition of the collector surface as a basis for predic...
R117H and IVS8-5T Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Detection by Restriction Enzyme Digestion

The number of thymines in a thymine repeat in intron 8 (IVS8) next to the exon 9 of the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR) affects the efficiency of this site to act as a splice acceptor site and the subsequent inclusion or skipping of exon 9 into the CFTR protein. Another source of genetic variation, responsible for mild cystic fibrosis (CF) and/or congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, is the mutation R117H, located in exon 4 of CFTR. Both these genetic variants can be detected using restriction site—generating PCR amplification. The severity of the CF phenotype is partly dependent on the IVS8 background on which R117H occurs; thus, it is important to be able to test clinically for both these variants. A method using restriction digestion of PCR product is presented.
The macrophage-lymphocyte rosette. Its increased incidence among cells from rheumatoid synovial fluid.

Macrophage-lymphocyte rosettes are a prominent feature of rheumatoid synovial fluid cell cultures. They suggest the presence of antigen in or on synovial fluid leukocytes. The majority of lymphocytes found in macrophage-lymphocyte rosettes have been identified as T cells.
A United People?: Leaders and Followers in a Chartist Locality, 1838-1848

Most studies of Chartist democracy have overlooked the problem of leaders and followers in the localities; typically, historians have portrayed local leaders as either heroic "organic intellectuals" or alienated worker-intellectuals. This study of activists and plebeian intellectuals in Ashton-under Lyne suggests a different way of conceptualizing this crucial relationship. Most members of the Ashton leadership came from and identified with the working classes; in this sense, they were one with "the people." Their identification with "the people" served to mask, however, the intellectual and political differences that stretched between leaders and followers. Their fluency as speakers and writers, together with a studious (or even artistic) turn of mind and their radical commitment, set them apart from most working men and women. The experience of defeat, together with the melting away of the Chartist rank and file, highlighted these intellectual and political differences. After 1848 plebeian intellectuals and activists in Ashton and other localities retreated into the quietist world of democratic dinners, lectures, and education. In doing so, they severed the personal and political links between their locality and the national movement and contributed to the rapid decline of Chartism.
Blistering of Moisture Saturated Graphite/Polyimide Composites Due to Rapid Heating:

Polyimide matrices extend the role of composite materials to applications in extreme temperature environments. However, composites can be susceptible to damage under extreme hygrothermal environmen...
Heat of Mixing and Ground-State Energy of Liquid He 3 -He 4 Mixtures

The heat evolved when ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ is added to liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ mixtures at the saturated vapor pressure has been measured for temperatures in the region of 0.05\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K. The starting concentrations varied between zero and six atomic percent of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. Since the variation of the energy with temperature (the specific heat) is known, the experiments give the ground-state energy and the ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ and ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ chemical potentials at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K as a function of concentration. The measurements were made in a calorimeter connected by a wire of high thermal resistance to a dilution refrigerator operating at \ensuremath{\sim}0.02\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K. The ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ was added through a long tube containing thermal anchors connected to the refrigerator.The results give the difference in binding energy for one ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ atom in ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ relative to pure ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ as $\frac{({E}_{3}\ensuremath{-}{{L}_{3}}^{0})}{{k}_{B}}=(0.312\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007)$ deg K, in excellent agreement with the theoretical value of Massey and Woo. The concentration dependence of the energy and chemical potentials agrees with predictions using the Bardeen, Baym, and Pines empirical interaction. The osmotic pressure in a saturated solution at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K is found to be (17.8 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.9) mm Hg.
A fluid dynamic description of p̄ annihilation in nuclei

Abstract A relativistic nuclear fluid-dynamic model is employed to study p annihilation at rest in nuclei. The calculated matter distribution d 2 N d E d Ω appears to be sensitive to the compressibility of nuclear matter. The annihilation gave rise to a sound wave rather than a shock wave; the maximum density obtained was 1.8 times normal density for a nuclear compressibility near the experimental value.
Particle filter for long range radar in RUV

In this paper we present an approach for tracking with a high-bandwidth active radar in long range scenarios with 3-D measurements in r-u-v coordinates. The 3-D low-process-noise scenarios considered are much more difficult than the ones we have previously investigated where measurements were in 2-D (i.e., polar coordinates). We show that in these 3-D scenarios the extended Kalman filter and its variants are not desirable as they suffer from either major consistency problems or degraded range accuracy, and most flavors of particle filter suffer from a loss of diversity among particles after resampling. This leads to sample impoverishment and divergence of the filter. In the scenarios studied, this loss of diversity can be attributed to the very low process noise. However, a regularized particle filter is shown to avoid this diversity problem while producing consistent results. The regularization is accomplished using a modified version of the Epanechnikov kernel.
Party identification and negative advertising in a U.S. Senate election

The authors sampled registered voters who had, and had not, voted in a vote-by-mail special election. They tested Ansolabehere and Iyengar's (1995) conclusion that attack ads mostly discourage independents from voting and reinforce the loyalties of Republicans and Democrats. Democrat Ron Wyden, the narrow winner of the election, pledged late in the campaign that he would no longer ‘go negative.’ Republican Gordon Smith did not follow suit. Only Republicans's participation clearly fell with reported exposure to Smith's attack ads. Republicans, independents, and Democrats who felt Wyden had lived up to his pledge were more likely to vote for Wyden.
Vaginal Stimulation and Progesterone: Relation to Corpora Lutea Maintenance, Pregnancy and Parturition in the Hamster

Hamster ovaries were examined under various natural and experimental conditions involving progesterone administration and its possible influence on parturition was oncsidered. Pregnancy was artificially induced in some without vaginal stimulation and 5 or 10 mg of progesterone were given. In others vaginal stimulation was done and the same doses of progesterone given at the time of artificially induced pregnancy. OVaries were removed on Day 5 9 or 13 and following parturition on Day 16. If parturition did not occur on Day 16 ovaries were removed on Day 17. Oxytocin given on Day 17 to females overdue in delivery had no effect. In females made pregnant without vaginal stimulation but with progesterone given all corpora lutea had regressed by Day 9 and ovarian weight had diminished. Those having received 10 mg of progesterone showed earlier changes in ovaries and corpora lutea. All these females remained pregnant until term but then an inhibition of parturition was noted. Mature Graafian follicles were present in all ovaries. In those whose vaginae had been stimulated artificially and progesterone given at the time of induced pregnancy the corpora lutea did not regress nor were the ovaries affected. In these females parturition proceeded normally. It is thought that progesterone inhibits gonadotropin release necessary for the functional maintenance of the ovary and corpora lutea. Some of the progesterone however persists to adequately maintain pregnancy. A factor necessary for parturition is also inhibited by progesterone. Adequate stimulation of the vagina prevents these adverse effects. Vaginal stimulation is thought to activate the luteotropic complex. In the hamster normal gestation and parturition seem to require a continued supply of luteotropic hormones and possibly ovarian factors for parturition.
Design of a digital control system for DC-DC converters to power electromagnets

DC-DC converters are used at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory to power electromagnets. A highly accurate control system is required for the DC-DC converters. This paper describes the design and evaluation of a digital control system to regulate the output current and reduce noise coupled in the system. A digital controller is first designed based on the small signal model of the converter. Experimental data of the output current is analyzed. Several types of digital filters are then designed to reduce the noise in the output current. The complete control system is then simulated and results are evaluated.
The Rhetoric of Heresy: The Boondocks Resurrects Martin Luther King Jr. and Agitates the Beloved Community

The current narrative about Martin Luther King Jr.'s (MLK) beloved community is a poor imitation of his dynamic work-in-progress because it asserts that the beloved community has been achieved. This current narrative perpetuates a postracial orthodoxy, which assumes that racial and economic attitudes have been transformed by legal desegregation and the adoption of MLK as national hero, but they have not. Actually, the postracial narrative of the beloved community is in need of some heresy, which for this essay is an informed and offensive transgression meant to agitate, not destroy, dogma. As a rhetoric of transgression, heresy can agitate pious narratives so they can be useful for current socio-political and economic challenges. To understand the critical potentials and limitations of heresy, I analyze an episode of The Boondocks, which is an animated television series that uses satire to agonistically engage with postracism and perform beloved community differently. The episode's heresy is problematic b...
Regional viscosity variations, small‐scale convection and slope of the depth‐age1/2 curve

Cooling plate and cooling half-space models are commonly employed to describe the depth-age1/2 curve of seafloor. These conductive models are not able to reproduce the large range of subsidence rates that are observed with reasonable changes in the physical parameters. We examine the influence of small-scale convection in the mantle on subsidence rates with a one-dimensional, parameterized-convection model. The parameterization is based on a recent experimental study of thermal convection in a fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity. In our model, convection in the asthenosphere begins at the ridge axis, enhancing heat transfer out of the asthenosphere and increasing the subsidence rate above that for simple conductive cooling. Variations in deformation mechanism, temperature and water content of the mantle cause changes in viscosity that affect the vigor of convection and may be responsible for large variations in subsidence rates. Average subsidence rates can range from ∼250–500 m/Ma1/2 when small-scale convection is considered.
Bilateral spontaneous asymptomatic urinoma: Report of an unusual case

Urinoma, defined as a collection of chronically extravasated urine, is uncommon in children. The condition is usually secondary to obstructive uropathy, commonly posterior urethral valves. Non-obstructive causes include trauma to the kidney or collecting system. Urinoma in the absence of obstruction or trauma is rare. This report describes one such boy who had bilateral spontaneous asymptomatic urinoma.
Understanding Outsourcing of Web-Based Applications in Organizations: The Case of E-Insurance

This article has investigated the insurance industry and provided insights into the relationships of organizational size and age with outsourcing and organizational structure. Also, this study investigated the relationship between Web site age, outsourcing, and organizational structure. The main findings are that firm size and maturity is related to the decision of Web-based development approach and the best organizational structure to support online activity. The insights obtained by a new variable: Web site age suggests that insurance companies are trying to develop their Web-based activities within their existing organizational structures, rather than creating new e-commerce divisions.
DEFENSE OR OFFENSE? WHICH IS THE BETTER PREDICTOR OF SUCCESS FOR PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL TEAMS? '

Data from the 1997 National Football League (NFL) regular season were analyzed to assess whether components that best predicted success tend to be associated more with offense or defense. Analyses indicated that the total number of points conceded by the defense in the regular season explained more variance in success (73.5%) than did the number of points scored by the offense (14.7%). When turnover differential, i.e., the difference between the number of fumbles and interceptions gained by a team's defense and the number of fumbles and interceptions given away by same ream's offenses, was included in the model, it explained 43.4% of the variance in success. These and other findings suggest that, outside the 20-yd. zone, the attainments of the defense are more important than are the offensive attainments in predicting the success of NFL teams. Replications of these analyses are recommended using data from previous seasons and including other variables.
Spinocerebellar ataxia-13 Kv3.3 potassium channels: arginine-to-histidine mutations affect both functional and protein expression on the cell surface

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.3 is the causative gene of SCA13 (spinocerebellar ataxia type 13), an autosomal dominant neurological disorder. The four dominant mutations identified to date cause Kv3.3 channels to be non-functional or have altered gating properties in Xenopus oocytes. In the present paper, we report that SCA13 mutations affect functional as well as protein expression of Kv3.3 channels in a mammalian cell line. The reduced protein level of SCA13 mutants is caused by a shorter protein half-life, and blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway increases the total protein of SCA13 mutants more than wild-type. SCA13 mutated amino acids are highly conserved, and the side chains of these residues play a critical role in the stable expression of Kv3.3 proteins. In addition, we show that mutant Kv3.3 protein levels could be partially rescued by treatment with the chemical chaperone TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) and to a lesser extent with co-expression of Kv3.1b. Thus our results suggest that amino acid side chains of SCA13 positions affect the protein half-life and/or function of Kv3.3, and the adverse effect on protein expression cannot be fully rescued.
Using cortical vessels for patient registration during image-guided neurosurgery: a phantom study

Patient registration, a key step in establishing image guidance, has to be performed in real-time after the patient is anesthetized in the operating room (OR) prior to surgery. We propose to use cortical vessels as landmarks for registering the preoperative images to the operating space. To accomplish this, we have attached a video camera to the optics of the operating microscope and acquired a pair of images by moving the scope. The stereo imaging system is calibrated to obtain both intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. During neurosurgery, right after opening of dura, a pair of stereo images is acquired. The 3-D locations of blood vessels are estimated via stereo vision techniques. The same series of vessels are localized in the preoperative image volume. From these 3-D coordinates, the transformation matrix between preoperative images and the operating space is estimated. Using a phantom, we have demonstrated that patient registration from cortical vessels is not only feasible but also more accurate than using conventional scalp-attached fiducials. The Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) has been reduced from 1 mm using implanted fiducials to 0.3 mm using cortical vessels. By replacing implanted fiducials with cortical features, we can automate the registration procedure and reduce invasiveness to the patient.
Alfalfa weevil male: effect of. gamma. -radiation and weevil age on mating competitiveness and sperm transfer

Virgin male Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) were irradiated at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age. Alfalfa weevils from each age group were subjected to ..gamma..-radiation doses of 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 krads. Mating competitiveness was reduced by the 5 to 6 krad doses in all age groups except those 4 weeks old. Weevils irradiated at 1 week of age showed a reduction in competitiveness at doses above 2 krad. Radiation dose and age at irradiation had little noticeable effect on sperm transfer.
Polynormal Fisher vector for activity recognition from depth sequences

The advent of depth sensors has facilitated a variety of visual recognition tasks including human activity understanding. This paper presents a novel feature representation to recognize human activities from video sequences captured by a depth camera. We assemble local neighboring hypersurface normals from a depth sequence to form the polynormal which jointly encodes local motion and shape cues. Fisher vector is employed to aggregate the low-level polynormals into the Polynormal Fisher Vector. In order to capture the global spatial layout and temporal order, we employ a spatio-temporal pyramid to subdivide a depth sequence into a set of space-time cells. Polynormal Fisher Vectors from these cells are combined as the final representation of a depth video. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves the state-of-the-art results on the two public benchmark datasets, i.e., MSRAction3D and MSRGesture3D.
Short-term effects of dietary fiber level on feed intake and production by well-fed cows.

Abstract Twenty-four Holsteins, producing in excess of 27kg milk daily, were used in two 51-day Latin-square trials to study the effect of dietary fiber level on intake and performance. Data are presented on 22 cows, due to loss of one in each trial because of mastitis. Concentrates and forages were fed at set proportions to vary fiber intake. Forage was equal parts (dry matter basis) of corn silage and alfalfa hay. Feeds were offered to the extent of appetite of each cow, keeping to predetermined ratios of forage and concentrates. In Trial 1 fiber was 16.8, 15.8, and 15.2% of DM intake; and in Trial 2, 18.7, 15.7, and 14.1%. There were no significant differences among treatments with respect to intake of dry matter. Intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN) tended to be low on the highest fiber level, causing moderate weight loss. There were no differences in milk production or milk constituents. The exact point of maximum intake appeared to be determined by individual cow preferences for specific feeds. It is concluded that there was no advantage in dietary fiber levels lower than the middle (15.7–15.8%) values of these trials.
Estimating the Heritability of Type Classifications of Dairy Cattle

Summary An analysis of type classification data involving 2,810 daughter-dam pairs was made to determine what numerical values the five grades of Excellent, Very Good, Good Plus, Good, and Fair should be given when estimating the heritability of type. The results indicated that an arbitrary system of consecutive numerical scores was as accurate as scores derived from the data. Estimates of heritability of type were obtained by including all of the daughters of a dam in the covariance analysis. The following four methods of calculating the regression coefficients were compared: 1 and 2, the weighted and unweighted regression of the means of daughters records on dam's record, 3, repeating the dam's record with each daughter's record, and 4, adjusting the degrees of freedom in the crossproduct terms for the dams with more than one daughter. The resulting heritability estimates were approximately the same; consequently, the method of repeating the dam's records with each daughter's record seems sufficiently accurate and has the advantage of being easy to compute.
Comparative anatomical studies of the Sml face cortex with special reference to the occurrence of “barrels” in layer IV

In the SmI cortex of mice and rats there are cytoarchitectonically identificable groups of cells — called barrels — some of which have been shown to be directly related to whiskers and other sensory hairs on the contralateral face. In this study we have used a comparative approach to determine the incidence and variation of the barrels. The brains of 27 mammalian species have been examined histologically to determine whether barrels exist in layer IV of what is known or likely to be the face area of SmI. Thick sections (50–100 μm) were taken tangential to the pia overlying SmI and stained with thionin. The patterns of facial whiskers were also mapped by dissection of the facial skin. Barrels were seen only in brains of species belonging to three of the seven mammalian orders examined. We have confirmed Weller's ('72) observation of barrels in the Australian brush-tailed possum but have not found barrels in two marsupials from the western hemisphere. Barrels were demonstrable in representatives of four of five rodent suborders examined and in the rabbit. From the study of the rodent brains, a number of trends emerge. (1) The organization of the barrel fields is “dictated” by the organization of the sensory periphery. Animals with five rows of large mystacial (moustache-like) vibrissae have five rows of PMBSF (Posterom edial barrel sub-field) barrels. (2) The barrels are confined to layer IV of (what is known or likely to be) the SmI face area. The pattern and cortical location of the barrel field is consistent among different specimens of the same species. (3) Certain behavioral patterns do not preclude the existence of the barrels. Species which possess well developed visual systems and behaviors (e.g., grey squirrel) and forms which do not actively explore the environment by whisking their vibrissae (e.g., guinea pig) have barrels. (4) Within a given rodent suborder, the barrels become more difficult to identify, as the brains become larger. We have not yet been able to demonstrate barrels in the largest rodent, the capybara.
Bacterial expression strategies for several Sus scrofa diacylglycerol kinase alpha constructs: solubility challenges.

Bacterial expression strategies for several Sus scrofa diacylglycerol kinase alpha constructs: solubility challenges
Novel Nanopore Dielectrophoresis Mechanism for Selective Microrna Detection in Clinical Set

The nanopore can electrophoretically trap single DNA/RNA molecules for genetic/epigenetic detections. However, low selectivity for complex samples (extracts from plasma) remains the challenge to clinical applications. We report an novel biophysical mechanism--Carrier-guided-Nanopore-Dielectrophoresis(CND)--for selective nucleic acids detection. We invented a polycationic micro-carrier. Upon hybridization with the target, the target•carrier forms a moment-tunable dipole, which can be attracted into the nanopore by dielectrophoresis from a huge electric field gradient (107V/m-per-nm) outside the nanopore entrance. In contrast, any non-target species without carrier hybridization carries negative charge and would electrophoretically migrate away from the nanopore. Consequently only the target•carrier nanopore signatures can be identified; any interference signal from non-target nucleic acids is completely eliminated. Unlike electrophoresis that lacks selectivity, the nanopore dielectrophoresis can selectively drive target nucleic acids of any size by using a universal micro-carrier. This represents the first and substantial step in translating the nanopore-sensor into a clinically-usable tool for molecular diagnostics. We demonstrate how to utilize this mechanism to accurately quantify cancer-derived microRNA biomarkers in patient plasma.Nat.Nanotech._DOI:10.1038/NNANO.2011.147.ACS_Nano_DOI:10.1021/nn305789zView Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments : An assessment using the prepulse inhibition model of psychosis

Systemic injections of cholecystokinin (CCK), a “gut–brain” peptide, have been shown to modulate brain dopamine function and produce neuroleptic-like effects on such dopamine-regulated behaviors as locomotor activity. However, clinical trials of CCK agonists in schizophrenia patients showed mixed results. To re-examine the antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments, we examined systemic injections of CCK analogs in an animal model with strong face and construct validity for sensorimotor-gating deficits seen in schizophrenia patients and with strong predictive validity for antipsychotic drug activity. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) occurs when a weak acoustic lead stimulus (“prepulse”) inhibits the startle response to a sudden loud sound (“pulse”). PPI is significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients and rats treated with dopamine agonists. Antipsychotics reverse decreased PPI in rats to a degree highly correlated with their clinical efficacy. Subcutaneous (SC) injections of caerulein (10 μg/kg) a mixed CCKA/B agonist, partially reversed amphetamine-induced reduction of PPI; whereas, SC haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) totally reversed amphetamine-induced disruption of PPI. Caerulein's effect on PPI was blocked by pretreatment with a CCKA antagonist (devazepide) but not a CCKB antagonist (L-365,260). CCK-4, a preferential CCKB agonist, had no significant effect on PPI. These results suggest that caerulein produces a weak neuroleptic-like effect on PPI that is mediated by stimulation of CCKA receptors. Possible circuities in this effect are discussed. In a separate experiment, SC caerulein produced to a more potent neuroleptic-like profile on amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, suggesting that selection of preclinical paradigms may be important in evaluating the antipsychotic potential of CCK-based treatments.
Classical cubic model for paramagnetic DySb

A classical mean-field model, incorporating quadrupolar and bilinear exchange coupling and a strong but finite cubic crystal field, is developed here for DySb at temperatures above the Neel point. Paramagnetic equations of state are derived in simple form for a small magnetic field applied along various principal crystallographic directions. Quantitative comparisons are made with exact crystal-field calculations and with a recent quantum-mechanical mean-field analysis of quadrupolar exchange in DySb. The classical model gives very reasonable overall agreement and shows explicitly how the two cubic components of the quadrupolar exchange are manifested very differently in the magnetic properties for thermal energies small compared to the crystal-field energy.
Copepod reproductive strategies: life-history theory, phylogenetic pattern and invasion of inland waters

Life-history theory predicts that different reproductive strategies should evolve in environments that differ in resource availability, mortality, seasonality, and in spatial or temporal variation. Within a population, the predicted optimal strategy is driven by tradeoffs that are mediated by the environment in which the organisms live. At the same time, phylogenetic history may circumscribe natural selection by dictating the range of phenotypes upon which selection can act, or by limiting the range of environments encountered. Comparisons of life-history patterns in related organisms provide a powerful tool for understanding both the nature of selection on life-history characters and the diversity of life-history patterns observed in nature. Here, we explore reproductive strategies of the Copepoda, a well defined group with many phylogenetically independent transitions from free-living to parasitic life styles, from marine to inland waters, and from active development to diapause. Most species are iteroparous annuals, and most (with the exception of some parasitic taxa) develop through a relatively restricted range of life-history stages (nauplii and copepodids, or some modification thereof). Within these bounds, we suggest that there may be a causal relationship between the success of numerous copepod taxa in inland waters and the prevalence of either diapause or parasitism within these groups. We hypothesize that inland waters are more variable spatially and temporally than marine habitats, and accordingly, we interpret diapause and parasitism as mechanisms for coping with environmental variance.
Analysis of intercellular signal transduction in the tumor microenvironment

Recent cancer studies revealed, the interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells is of importance in the cancer progression. The activation of stellate cells is mediated by some growth factors and cytokines secreted by the cancer cells. In turn, the activated stellate cells will synthesize and secrete multiple growth factors to continuously stimulate the growth of surrounding cancer cells through paracrine pathways. The mechanism behind the evolution of stellate cells from quiescent state to a cancer-associated phenotype is still not well understood. To systematically investigate the interaction between cancer cells and stellate cells, we constructed a multicellular discrete value model, which is composed of several intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways that are frequently mutated in the pancreatic cancer, to study the cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. We, then, introduced and applied a formal verification technique, Symbolic Model Checking, to automatically analyze the cells' proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis in the proposed signal transduction model of tumor microenvironment. Our studies predicted some important temporal logic properties and dynamic behaviors in the pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. The verification technique identified several signaling components, including the RAS, RAGE, AKT, IKK, DVL, RB and PTEN, whose mutation or loss of function can promote cell growth and inhibit apoptosis, some of which have been confirmed by existing experiments. Our formal studies demonstrated that, the bidirectional interaction between cancer cells and stellate cells could significantly increase cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, induce tumor angiogenesis, and promote cancer metastasis.
Correlation of Absorption by Water Vapor at Temperatures from 300°K to 1100 K

Measurements of total absorptance by the 1.38-μ, 1.87-μ, 2.7-μ, and 6.3-μ H2O bands and the portion of the rotational H2O band below 20 μ are correlated with the exponential wide-band model. Band absorptance is given as a smooth function of path length, pressure, and temperature. Comparisons are made with data of various investigators for temperatures of 300°K to 1100°K, equivalent pressures of 0.01 atm to 10 atm, and mass path lengths of 1–4 × 104 gm/m2. The correlations indicate a constant average line spacing in this temperature range. Use of the correlations in computation of nonisothermal gas wide-band emission and absorptance is explained and illustrated for high and low pressures.
Intending the Impossible

I CAN A man intend to do the impossible? That is, can a man undertake to do some action, A-and not merely to come as close as possible to doing A with the hope that the doing of A will result-when he believes he has no chance of doing A? 1 In this paper I will consider two answers that have been given to this question: the "no" answer of Stuart Hampshire and the "yes" answer of Irving Thalberg.2 I will argue that both answers rest on important insights, thus giving rise to an apparent dilemma. However, in the final section of this paper I will argue for still a third answer that allows us to escape the dilemma.
Coverage dependence of the 1-propanol adsorption on the Si ( 001 ) surface and fragmentation dynamics

The geometric, electronic, energetic, and dynamic properties of 1-propanol adsorbed on the $\mathrm{Si}(001)$-$(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ surface are studied from first principles by use of a slab approach. The 1-propanol molecule initially interacts with the Si surface through formation of a dative bond; subsequently the physisorbed 1-propanol molecule reacts with the surface by cleavage of the $\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{H}$ bond, and the $\mathrm{Si}(001)$-$(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ surface undergoes further reconstruction as a result of the adsorption of the organic species. The band structure and density of states are first analyzed for this system. The band gap of the Si/1-propanol film increases as the coverage level is enhanced. Good agreement is found with available experimental data.
STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER : VI. REDUCTION OF RESISTANCE BY DIET DEFICIENCY.

The above experiments demonstrate that guinea pigs and rats subjected to vitamin-deficient diets to a point at which deficiency symptoms appear, and then inoculated with typhus virus, exhibit clinical pictures which indicate a far more severe infection than that observed in normal animals after inoculation. There is also a wider distribution of Rickettsiae and a concentration of organisms which, in pleural and peritoneal exudates, amounts to almost cultural proportions. Important from our point of view is the fact that these experiments furnished a step toward the accomplishment of our purpose, which was to obtain amounts and concentrations of Rickettsiae suitable for immunological studies until such a time when tissue culture may have developed to a practically useful stage. The experiments are of immediate importance in that they furnish us a method for improving our technique of active immunization reported upon in the preceding paper, No. V (8). From the epidemiological point of view these experiments at least suggest an explanation of one of the important factors which enter into the historical association of high typhus mortality with war and famine.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of a case with light and electron microscopy.

A case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is reported with light and electron microscopic findings. This unusual tumor arose in a 15-year-old male. The tumor consisted predominantly of nests of xanthomatous cells and plump spindle cells surrounded by a prominent reticulin network. There was considerable cellular pleomorphism with abundant bizarre giant cells and multinucleated cells. Occasional mitoses were present. Electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) confirmed the glial nature of the tumor. Recognition of this tumor is important. Despite its “malignant” appearance, the tumor characteristically has a relatively good prognosis and should not be confused with highgrade gliomas or meningeal sarcomas, which require aggressive therapy.
A Learning-Based Similarity Fusion and Filtering Approach for Biomedical Image Retrieval Using SVM Classification and Relevance Feedback

This paper presents a classification-driven biomedical image retrieval framework based on image filtering and similarity fusion by employing supervised learning techniques. In this framework, the probabilistic outputs of a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier as category prediction of query and database images are exploited at first to filter out irrelevant images, thereby reducing the search space for similarity matching. Images are classified at a global level according to their modalities based on different low-level, concept, and keypoint-based features. It is difficult to find a unique feature to compare images effectively for all types of queries. Hence, a query-specific adaptive linear combination of similarity matching approach is proposed by relying on the image classification and feedback information from users. Based on the prediction of a query image category, individual precomputed weights of different features are adjusted online. The prediction of the classifier may be inaccurate in some cases and a user might have a different semantic interpretation about retrieved images. Hence, the weights are finally determined by considering both precision and rank order information of each individual feature representation by considering top retrieved relevant images as judged by the users. As a result, the system can adapt itself to individual searches to produce query-specific results. Experiment is performed in a diverse collection of 5 000 biomedical images of different modalities, body parts, and orientations. It demonstrates the efficiency (about half computation time compared to search on entire collection) and effectiveness (about 10%-15% improvement in precision at each recall level) of the retrieval approach.
RLC Ladder Model for Scattering in Single Metallic Nanoparticles

In this paper, we present a new modeling technique for plasmon-based metallic nanoparticles under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The model approximates the coefficients of the admittance rational function. The proposed model utilizes spherical wave functions to describe the field and it provides an equivalent ladder-form RLC realization. Simulation results show that our model matches very closely with the exact solution. Our newly developed model can be used as a basic building block to develop an equivalent circuit model for metallic nanoparticle-based plasmonic waveguides
A case study: The New York City yellow cab System of Systems

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the amount of research done in the field of system of systems engineering. Despite many attempts, there is still a lack of a unified definition and standards for Systems of Systems (SoS). Case study research provides us with an opportunity to extract best practices from real life system of systems cases and set much needed guidelines for SoS governance. The yellow cab case is a well documented example of a System of Systems, which consists of multiple integrated complex systems working together to achieve the objective of transporting passengers in New York City in a safe and efficient manner. The best practices of the yellow cab SoS can be implemented in other SoS domains and the questions developed could be used for discussions in a class setting. Furthermore, these questions could be extended and applied to analyze other SoS cases in a similar manner.
Speaker adaptive cohort selection for Tnorm in text-independent speaker verification

We discuss an extension to the widely used score normalization technique of test normalization (Tnorm) for text-independent speaker verification. A new method of speaker adaptive-Tnorm that offers advantages over the standard Tnorm by adjusting the speaker set to the target model is presented. Examples of this improvement using the 2004 NIST SRE data are also presented.
An energy-efficient QoS-aware media access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

We present an innovative MAC protocol (Q-MAC) that minimizes the energy consumption in multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and provides quality of service (QoS) by differentiating network services based on priority levels. The priority levels reflect application priority and the state of system resources, namely residual energy and queue occupancies. The Q-MAC utilizes both intra-node and inter-node arbitration. The intra-node packet scheduling is a multiple queuing architecture with packet classification and weighted arbitration. We also introduce the power conservation MACAW (PC-MACAW) - a power-aware scheduling mechanism that, together with the loosely prioritized random access (LPRA) algorithm, govern the inter-node scheduling. Performance evaluation are conducted between Q-MAC and S-MAC with respect to two performance metrics: energy consumption and average latency. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the Q-MAC is comparable to that of the S-MAC in non-prioritized traffic scenarios; when packets with different priorities are present, Q-MAC supiors in average latency differentiation between the classes of service, while maintaining the same energy level as that of S-MAC
Origin of adenocarcinoma in a transplanted liver determined by microsatellite analysis

Inadvertent transmission of neoplastic cells from an organ donor can occur at the time of transplantation. Determination of recipient versus donor origin of a tumor is crucial for patient management. This report illustrates the use of microsatellite (MS) analysis to determine the origin of adenocarcinoma arising in a liver transplant. The study patient was a 42-year-old male who had received a liver transplant for hepatitis C and alcohol-related cirrhosis. At the 1-year follow-up visit, a 1.5-cm liver mass was identified during routine ultrasound of the vascular anastamoses. A liver biopsy showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Tumor, donor, and recipient DNA were isolated from the paraffin-embedded liver biopsy, pretransplant donor liver biopsy, and the explant liver tissue, respectively. MS analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction using 5 markers: D5S346, ACTC, D2S123, D18S34, and TP53. The allelic patterns of tumor DNA were identical to those of donor DNA and were distinct from the DNA profile of the recipient. The use of MS analysis clearly established that the adenocarcinoma was of donor origin.
Prevention of water pollution problems in mining: The bactericide technology

In pyritic environments, the bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans catalyze acid formation by increasing the oxidation rate of pyrite by a factor of one million. This acid solubilizes metals and pollutes adjacent streams and lands. Bactericide sprays during mining and waste disposal operations attack the source of the problem by preventing acid formation and metals solubilization. Used in conjunction with current water treatment systems, bactericides can dramatically reduce operating costs. Controlled release bactericides contribute t,o successful reclamation by providing assurance against revegetation failure and post-reclamation water quality problems that can necessitate perpetual water treatment. While inhibiting T. ferrooxidans, these organic compounds aid in the establishment of beneficial heterotrophic bacteria which support vegetation. These conditions continue to persist after the bactericide is depleted from the controlled release system. Case Studies I and I1 show that bactericides inhibit acid generation during hard rock and coal mining operations and they are cost effective. Case Studies I11 and IV illustrate the improvement in water quality and vegetation after reclamation when controlled release bactericides were used. Economic analyses show cost benefits are achieved when controlled-release bactericides are part of the reclamation plan.
The impact of sociodemographic, treatment, and work support on missed work after breast cancer diagnosis

Work loss is a potential adverse consequence of cancer. There is limited research on patterns and correlates of paid work after diagnosis of breast cancer, especially among ethnic minorities. Women with non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed from June 2005 to May 2006 who reported to the Los Angeles County SEER registry were identified and asked to complete the survey after initial treatment (median time from diagnosis = 8.9 months). Latina and African American women were over-sampled. Analyses were restricted to women working at the time of diagnosis, 1 month, stopped all together). Approximately 44, 24, and 32% of women missed ≤1 month, >1 month, or stopped working, respectively. African Americans and Latinas were more likely to stop working when compared with Whites [OR for stop working vs. missed ≤1 month: 3.0, 3.4, (P < 0.001), respectively]. Women receiving mastectomy and those receiving chemotherapy were also more likely to stop working, independent of sociodemographic and treatment factors [ORs for stopped working vs. missed ≤1 month: 4.2, P < 0.001; 7.9, P < 0.001, respectively]. Not having a flexible work schedule available through work was detrimental to working [ORs for stopped working 18.9, P < 0.001 after adjusting for sociodemographic and treatment factors]. Many women stop working altogether after a diagnosis of breast cancer, particularly if they are racial/ethnic minorities, receive chemotherapy, or those who are employed in an unsupportive work settings. Health care providers need to be aware of these adverse consequences of breast cancer diagnosis and initial treatment.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and shoulder mobility among older women: assessment at one year after breast cancer diagnosis

Objective: To examine the association between depressive symptoms and shoulder range of motion at one year after breast cancer diagnosis, controlling for patient characteristics, tumour stage and cancer therapy (surgery, axillary node dissection and radiation).Design: Prospective trial of nurse case management involving 187 older women with complete data, age 60 years and older, newly diagnosed with breast cancer, from 1 November, 1993 to 31 October, 1996 in south-eastern Texas. Depressive symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics and breast cancer treatment were measured at two months and shoulder range of motion at 12 months. The relationship among the variables was evaluated with bivariate chi-square statistics and logistic regression analysis. All logistic models also included a variable indicating whether or not the woman received nurse case management, to control for intervention status.Results: Increasing depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with lower arm mobility at 12 months followin...