cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A logic-based approach to scheduling problems with resource constraints

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of modeling discrete resource constraints (e.g., number of operators, fixed amount of electricity) in continuous time MILP scheduling models that handle fixed lot sizes. It is shown that these resource constraints can be expressed in terms of 0–1 variables that gives rise to a very large problem which is too difficult to solve simultaneously as an MILP. To circumvent this difficulty a novel relaxation method is proposed that combines LP-based branch and bound and disjunctive programming. The basic idea is to formulate the underlying continuous time scheduling model as an MILP while formulating all resource constraints as disjunctions. Furthermore, instead of considering them explicitly for the solution, only the violated set is generated within the branch and bound enumeration at nodes with feasible scheduling assignments. At these nodes a new disjunctive tree enumeration is created that switches from a 0–1 representation to a disjunctive program for the resource constraints. Results show that the solution of problems with this approach reduces the number of enumerated nodes by orders of magnitude when compared with the mixed 0–1 representation.
The prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of depression in dementia patients in chronic care facilities in the last six months of life.

Objective To assess the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of depression among dementia patients and normal controls in chronic care facilities in the last six months of life. Method We reviewed perimortal data concerning dementia severity, depressive symptoms and diagnoses, and medication use for 279 dementia patients and 24 normal controls brought to autopsy through an Alzheimer's Disease Resource Center. Results Major depression was highly prevalent among both dementia patients and normal controls in chronic care facilities in the last six months of life. This depression was under-diagnosed by physicians. Documentation of depressive symptoms by medical support staff has improved over time. However, physician diagnosis of depression has not improved. Recognition of depression was significantly lower for patients with severe dementia. Depression was under-treated in both dementia patients and normal controls, although treatment rates may be increasing. Anxiolytics and hypnotics were often used in lieu of, or in addition to, antidepressant therapy. Conclusions Major depression was highly prevalent in both dementia patients and normal controls, indicating that depression is an important issue for the elderly in the last six months of life irrespective of cognitive status. Under-diagnosis of depression may be an important clinical issue. As physician diagnosis of depression has not improved with time, further physician training and/or awareness initiatives may be warranted. Depression, a treatable cause of excess morbidity and mortality, was undertreated in all groups studied. However, treatment rates may be improving. The prevalent use of anxiolytics and hypnotics for depressed patients is problematic. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Residual Stresses in Structural Materials for Nuclear Applications

Residual stresses may be generated in target structural material used in accelerator-driven transmutation due to plastic deformation. Nondestructive positron annihilation spectroscopic (PAS) method has been used to estimate residual stresses in candidate structural materials such as martensitic Alloy EP-823 and Alloy HT-9. Different line shape parameters (S, W & T) obtained from the PAS measurements have been related to the degree of cold deformation. The results indicate that the magnitude of S parameter was enhanced at the intermediate level of cold deformation followed by an almost identical S value at the highest level of cold reduction. Conversely, the T parameter was reduced at higher level of cold deformation. The evaluation of the cold-worked specimens by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of dislocations, as expected.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Liberellas Versus Konservatives: Social Status, Ideology, and Birth Names in the United States

Despite much public speculation, there is little scholarly research on whether or how ideology shapes American consumer behavior. Borrowing from previous studies, we theorize that ideology is associated with different forms of taste and conspicuous consumption: liberals are more drawn to indicators of “cultural capital” while conservatives favor more explicit signs of “economic capital”. These ideas are tested using birth certificate, U.S. Census, and voting records from California in 2004. We find strong differences in birth naming practices related to race, economic status, and ideology. Although higher status mothers of all races favor more popular birth names, higher status, white liberal mothers more often choose uncommon, culturally obscure birth names. White liberals also favor birth names with “softer, feminine” sounds while conservatives favor names with “harder, masculine” phonemes. These findings have significant implications for both studies of consumption and debates about ideology and political fragmentation in the United States.
Epidemiological Impact in the United States of a Tissue-Based Definition of Transient Ischemic Attack

Background and Purpose— The traditional definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA), based on an arbitrary time criterion of symptom resolution within 24 hours, is problematic because a large number of patients with traditionally defined TIAs have a relevant cerebral infarction on brain imaging. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological impact of adopting a tissue-based definition of TIA. Methods— Estimates of the annual US incidence of traditionally defined transient ischemic attacks were abstracted from the literature. Models were then constructed for determining the frequency of brain injury in traditionally defined TIAs, derived from recent human studies of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in transient cerebral ischemia. Results— Traditionally defined US TIA annual incidence rates ranged from 37 to 107 per 100 000 per year. Across 5 series, the raw frequency of DWI positivity in traditionally defined TIAs was 44%. Adjusting for an overrepresentation of longer-duration TIAs in MR series yielded an expected frequency of diffusion MRI positivity of 33% in unselected, traditionally defined TIAs. Applying this model to the US population in the year 2000 showed that adopting a tissue-based definition of TIA would decrease the annual number of events classified as TIAs from 179 840 to 120 493 and increase events classified as strokes from 821 181 to 880 520. Conclusions— Adopting a tissue-based definition of transient ischemic attack would reduce estimates of the annual incidence of TIA by 33% (sensitivity analysis range, 19% to 44%) and increase estimates of the annual incidence of stroke in the United States by 7% (range, 4% to 10%).
Power flow in two- and three-dimensional frame structures

Abstract A general matrix method is presented for the analysis of power flow in two- and three-dimensional frames using a wave scattering approach. Axial, torsional, and flexural wave modes are included. Since the method is intended to be used for mid- and high-frequency analysis, shear deformation and rotatory inertia are included in the flexural wave modes. A general formulation is presented to determine wave scattering at structural junctions and boundaries. Although the finite element method can be used to calculate power flow, a large number of elements is required at mid and high frequencies to obtain accurate results. In the current method, exact wave mode expressions are used and therefore only one “element” is required for each structural member at any frequency. Power flow results using the wave scattering approach are compared to the conventional finite element method for two- and three-dimensional frames.
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Quantitative Infrastructure Evaluation

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) allow remote imaging which can be useful in infrastructure condition evaluation. Furthermore, emerging noncontact sensing techniques such as digital imaging correlation (DIC) and other photogrammetric and visual approaches, including simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), can compute three-dimensional (3D) coordinates and perform deformation measurements as in the case of DIC/photogrammetry. A quantitative assessment of ways remote sensing in conjunction with UAVs could be implemented in practical applications is critically needed to leverage such capabilities in structural health monitoring (SHM). A comparative investigation of the remote sensing capabilities of a commercially available UAV, as well as both an optical metrology system known by the acronym TRITOP and the X-Box Kinect, is presented in this paper. The evidence provided demonstrates that red-green-blue cameras on UAVs could detect, from varying distances, cracks of sizes comparable to those cur...
Molecular Simulation of Adsorption of Guest Molecules in Zeolitic Materials: A Comparative Study of Intermolecular Potentials

Abstract Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation, together with an appropriate guest-host forcefield is shown to provide reasonably accurate predictions of adsorption properties of guest molecules in a variety of zeolitic materials. The use of a simple guest-host Kiselev-type potential permits the calculations to capture the essence of the behavior of simple guest-host systems such as rare gases or methane molecules in neutral AlPO4-5. However, a full scale potential is needed in the more complex cases of large anisotropic molecules adsorbed in cationic zeolites (such as xylene isomers in faujasite). The guest-host potential model developed by Nicholson and coworkers is shown to allow an excellent transferability of the potential parameters from one guest/host system to another.
Analysis of experiments on the calorimetry of LiOD-D2O electrochemical cells

Abstract In this paper we present a detailed analysis of calorimetry with heavy-water electrolytic cells, especially of the type described by Pons, Fleischmann and co-workers in recent publications. We also summarize our own experiments, which involve calorimetry of electrolytic cells of various designs. None of our experiments has yielded any excess heat or radiation products within the detection limits. We evaluate the data and methods of Pons, Fleischmann and co-workers and, where sufficient data are available, conclude that they overestimate significantly the excess heat. This is in part because in their calibration they did not include calculation of the change in input electrochemical power to the cell resulting from the calibration heater power. An additional significant overestimate of excess energy occurs when the calibration is made at cell temperatures above about 60°C, owing to the increased evaporation of heavy water during the calibration. Furthermore, we find unexplainable inconsistencies in the data on light-water controls, as reported by Pons and Fleischmann. While our analysis shows their claims of continuous excess heat generation to be overstated significantly, we cannot prove that no excess heat has been generated in any experiments.
mTOR as a target in breast cancer: the emerging role of everolimus

SUMMARY The majority of patients with breast cancer are estrogen- and progesterone-receptor positive, and have benefited from the development of anti-estrogen therapies, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Unfortunately, metastatic patients will eventually develop resistance to these agents. Inhibitors of the mTOR, particularly everolimus, show promising activity in this group of patients. mTOR inhibition appears to reverse resistance to anti-estrogen therapy in the estrogen-receptor-/progesterone-receptor-positive subset. Additionally, they may have a similar effect by reversing anti-HER2 resistance in patients who overexpress HER2. This article reviews the mechanism of action of mTOR inhibitors and summarizes the available clinical data of their use in breast cancer.
Moral Development and Hawaiian Youths: Does Gender Make a Difference?

This study was designed to assess the moral reasoning of Hawaiian youths. The findings challenge C. Gilligan's (1982) theoretical proposition that gender differences exist in moral development. Implications for counseling theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Oral manifestations of Marfan's syndrome in twins

Abstract The dental aspects of Marfan's syndrome in a pair of identical twins have been described. The narrow dental arches and high palatal vaults seen in these patients seem to be a consistent feature of this disease but cannot be considered pathognomonic, since they may and do occur frequently in many mixed dentitions without any aberrant congenital connective tissue background. It may be of interest to conjecture, nevertheless, why arachnodactyly is so reflected in the oral structures. Is it a direct result of the genetic mutation? Or is it a response to functional and environmental stresses on growth and development associated with the component abnormalities? These are areas which require further study.
Effect of Aging and Concentration on the Attractancy of Proteinaceous Materials to Hippelates Gnats

Aerobic fermentation at 88°±2° F. was found to liberate the attractant principle, at various rates and time-intervals of aging, from various materials exposed and tested in the eye-gnat olfactometer. Fresh preparations of these materials manifested little or no activity. Attractancy of Staley's Corn Protein Bait No. 7 was highest at the end of a 19-day test period; of Staley's Corn Protein Bait No. 2, on the 13th day; of lactalbumin peptone, lactalbumin hydrolysate, and Edamin, on the second day; of autolyzed yeast, brewers yeast, and partially hydrolyzed yeast, on the third, fourth, and seventh day, respectively. Egg albumen was highly attractant around the fourth day of aging, whole egg and egg yolk on the tenth and the sixth day, respectively, though the peak attractancy of the last two to Milichiella sp. was indicated around the second day. Homogenates of fresh Hippelates collusor and Musca domestica were also attractants for eye gnats, but dried H. collusor homogenized into water showed no appreciable attractancy. With lactalbumin peptone and whole egg, there was a steady increase in the capture of eye gnats as the concentration of the materials was increased; but with autolyzed yeast this was true only for concentrations up to the 0.5% level.
Single-channel kinetics of BK (Slo1) channels

Single-channel kinetics has proven a powerful tool to reveal information about the gating mechanisms that control the opening and closing of ion channels. This introductory review focuses on the gating of large conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK or Slo1) channels at the single-channel level. It starts with single-channel current records and progresses to presentation and analysis of single-channel data and the development of gating mechanisms in terms of discrete state Markov (DSM) models). The DSM models are formulated in terms of the tetrameric modular structure of BK channels, consisting of a central transmembrane pore-gate domain (PGD) attached to four surrounding transmembrane voltage sensing domains (VSD) and a large intracellular cytosolic domain (CTD), also referred to as the gating ring. The modular structure and data analysis shows that the Ca2+ and voltage dependent gating considered separately can each be approximated by 10-state two-tiered models with 5 closed states on the upper tier and 5 open states on the lower tier. The modular structure and joint Ca2+ and voltage dependent gating are consistent with a 50 state two-tiered model with 25 closed states on the upper tier and 25 open states on the lower tier. Adding an additional tier of brief closed (flicker states) to the 10-state or 50-state models improved the description of the gating. For fixed experimental conditions a channel would gate in only a subset of the potential number of states. The detected number of states and the correlations between adjacent interval durations are consistent with the tiered models. The examined models can account for the single-channel kinetics and the bursting behavior of gating. Ca2+ and voltage activate BK channels by predominantly increasing the effective opening rate of the channel with a smaller decrease in the effective closing rate. Ca2+ and depolarization thus activate by mainly destabilizing the closed states.
Student workers wave goodbye to the government documents default list

Many libraries with federal depository collections have relied on loading large files of MARC records to add catalog records into their online systems. The addition of tens of thousands of MARC records created a catalog maintenance problem for the Sterling C. Evans Library of Texas A&M University. This paper discusses the use of student workers to clean the catalog of these problem records, describing lessons learned and procedures developed.
Characteristics of Stimulant Drug Reinforcement

A number of stimuli serve as reinforcers for operant behavior. These stimuli unify the many and varied responses leading to their presentation, and make the behavioral unit formed more likely to recur. Apart from these effects, however, reinforcers seemingly have little else in common. They differ physically over a wide range, including such dissimilar events as food, light and novel stimulus presentation, electric shock termination, and electrical stimulation of the brain. It is not surprising therefore that the functional properties of reinforcers also differ. In fact, each reinforcer appears to have a set of unique characteristics. In the present chapter, some of the characteristics of stimulant drugs as reinforcers are examined, with special consideration given to the behavior of the organism under such conditions and to factors influencing this behavior.
The combination of posterior scalping flap and gracilis free flap for mid-face reconstruction

A variety of donor sites have been reported for the restoration of mid-face cutaneous defects; however, the limited availability of tissue of similar color and texture to that of native facial skin greatly limits reconstructive options. Similarly, resection of the underlying mimetic musculature during the primary ablation compounds this reconstructive challenge, resulting in both a cosmetic and a functional deformity. The combination of the posterior scalping flap for cutaneous resurfacing, and microvascular transfer and reinnervation of the gracilis free flap for dynamic facial reanimation, offers a reconstructive alternative for extensive soft tissue defects of the mid-face.
From molecules to mindfulness: How vertically convergent fractal time fluctuations unify cognition and emotion*

Fractal time fluctuations of the spectral “1/f” form are universal in natural self-organizing systems. Neurobiology is uniquely infused with fractal fluctuations in the form of statistically self-similar clusters or bursts on all levels of description from molecular events such as protein chain fluctuations, ion channel currents and synaptic processes to the behaviors of neural ensembles or the collective behavior of Internet users. It is the thesis of this essay that the brain self-organizes via a vertical collation of these spontaneous events in order to perceive the world and generate adaptive behaviors. REM sleep, which coalesces from self-similar clusters of burst-within-burst behavior during ontogeny, is essential to cognitive-emotional function, and has recurrent fractal organization. Empirical fMRI observations further support the association of fractal fluctuations in the temporal lobes, brainstem and cerebellum during the expression of emotional memory, spontaneous fluctuations of thought and meditative practice. Cognitive-emotional integration arises as amygdaloid-brainstem-cerebellar systems harmonize the vertical “1/f” symphony of coupled isochronous cortical oscillations in the pursuit of mindfulness.
Do trainer style and learner orientation predict training outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the additive and joint effects of trainer directiveness and trainees’ learning goal orientation on training satisfaction and transfer. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses from a sample (N = 243) of undergraduate business students enrolled at a large US university were examined. Findings – Trainer directiveness and trainee learning goal orientations each additively predicted training satisfaction and transfer over and above one another and study controls. Further, trainer directiveness and trainee learning goal orientation jointly predicted satisfaction and transfer, such that the positive relationship between trainer directiveness and both outcomes was accentuated (more positive) when learning goal orientations were high (compared to low). Practical implications – This study suggests that scholars and practitioners need to be mindful of both trainer and trainee characteristics when evaluating potential training programs. In addition to selectin...
Experimental and Theoretical Performance of High-Pressure Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyst Beds

A small silver-screen hydrogen peroxide catalyst bedwas developed to study the effect of high operating pressures on the performance of the device. The catalyst bed was designed for a nominal mass flow rate of 90 wt % hydrogen peroxide of 0:32 lbm=s (0:145 kg=s) corresponding to a bed loading of 0:4 lbm=s in (0:03 kg=s cm). Twelve separate tests were conducted at chamber pressures ranging from 1000 to 4000 psia (69 to 276 bar), and a companion analysis was developed to assess the results and observed trends. Results indicate that the catalyst bed could be operated with high decomposition efficiencies, low pressure drop, and rapid start transients at bed loadings up to three times the conventionally accepted value of 0:4 lbm=s in (0:03 kg=s cm). The thermal and pressure profileswithin the catalyst bedwere alsomeasured, and the real gas implications of operations at high pressureswere also assessed.
Preparation of cDNA-silica using reverse transcriptase and its DNA sequence determination

A new method for producing macroporous silica (suitable for high-performance liquid chromatography) with covalently attached DNA is presented. The method uses (dT)18-silica as a primer, annealed to a poly(A)-RNA template, which is then transcribed using reverse transcriptase. The RNA template is eluted and single-stranded cDNA-silica is recovered. The cDNA-silica can be sequenced using the dideoxy method. These methods provide a facile method for producing cDNA-silica of demonstrable authenticity and provide a unique approach to DNA and RNA sequencing.
Enhancement of in vitro cytopathogenicity by Acanthamoeba spp. following acquisition of bacterial endosymbionts

Approximately one in five isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. recovered from clinical and environmental sources are found to harbor obligate, uncultured bacterial endosymbionts of unknown clinical significance. To investigate their possible role in amoebic pathogenesis, four uninfected amoebic strains were exposed to four different endosymbionts, from which 12 stably-infected host-symbiont pairs resulted. Standardized inocula of amoebae with and without endosymbionts were placed on fibroblast monolayers to examine for cytopathic effects (CPEs). Eight to 10 days were required for monolayer effacement by endosymbiont-free amoebae; 5–8 days for amoebae containing Gram-negative rod endosymbionts; and 3 days for two amoebic isolates infected with a Chlamydia-like endosymbiont. All endosymbiont-infected amoebae produced a statistically significant enhancement in CPEs in comparison to uninfected amoebae; endosymbionts alone on monolayers produced no CPEs. This report provides evidence that obligate bacterial endosymbionts are able to enhance amoebic pathogenic potential in vitro by some as-yet unknown mechanism.
Relation between the Z = 64 Shell Closure and the Onset of Deformation at N = 88 − 90

The systematics of the onset of deformation in the $N=88\ensuremath{-}90$ region is reexamined in light of the recently discovered shell closure at $Z=64$. It is shown that the microscopic explanation of the origin of deformation already proposed for the $A\ensuremath{\sim}100$ region is equally applicable here and leads to a new interpretation of the $A\ensuremath{\sim}150$ region.
Liberals versus conservatives: Are attitudes toward government related to experiences with government?

Attitudes toward local, state, and federal governments were studied in 25 liberals and 25 con­ servatives who had shown a social interest in politics by making financial contributions to politi­ cal parties. Their positive or negative experiences with these governments were also assessed. Consistent with Katz et al. (1975), the subjects tended to hold negative views of government even if their personal experiences were positive-Thus, rewarding experiences do not necessarily lead to positive views toward the object of reward. However, this was more true of the liberals than of the conservatives. The importance of having social interests has been em­ phasized by Adler (Ansbacher & Ansbacher, 1956). Ac­ cording to the editor's note in Ionedes (1989), "social interest" is the usual translation for the German word Gemeinschaftsgefuhl, which Adler used, meaning one's feelings of being not only a member of the community but a "shaper" as well . Recently , we have investigated various aspects about people who show a shaping quality to their community membership. Specifically , we have looked at liberals and conservatives who make financial contributions to political campaigns (Eisenman & Sirgo, 1991; Sirgo & Eisenman, 1990). Such behavior shows an involvement in political matters beyond merely favor­ ing one candidate over another, or favoring no one. Although liberals and conservatives have been found to differ from each other in important ways (Eisenman & Sirgo, 1991; Furnham & Heaven, 1988; Himmelstein & McRae, 1988; Jones & Iacobucci, 1989; Kiecolt & Nel­ son, 1988; Ray & Furnham, 1984; Rinehart & Perkins, 1989; Sirgo & Eisenman , 1990), Eisenman and Sirgo (1991) found that liberal and conservative financial con­ tributors were alike in that both had high autonomy and self-esteem. Perhaps an active involvement in community affairs is consistent with feelings of well-being, which is consistent with the Adlerian view of social interests (Ans­ bacher & Ansbacher, 1956). The present study sought to find out how financial con­ tributors view government and whether this view is re­ lated to their personal experiences with government. It might be assumed that people who have had positive, re­ warding experiences with government will have positive views toward government, and that people who have had
Influence of Doppler sample volume location on ventricular filling velocities.

Abstract The ratio of peak early diastolic (E) and peak late diastolic (A) velocities, measured from the Doppler mitral waveform, has been used widely to assess left ventricular diastolic function. 1–10 This ratio is also affected by age, 2,11 heart rate 12 and loading conditions. 4,6,9 In some studies, Doppler waveforms have been recorded by sampling at the mitral anulus, 1–4 in others the sample volume has been placed between the free margins of the mitral leaflets, 5–7 and in some the measurement site has not been clearly defined. 8–10 There is no consensus regarding the optimal position. In the present study we measured E A ratio at both the mitral tips and anulus in 300 consecutive patients to determine if sample volume location had an important influence.
Hostility and Perception of the Horizontal

There have been observations which suggesc that anisotropic distorcions in spatial perception may be linked with individual atticudinal and personality variables (Hastings, 1952; Rosenblatt, 1956; Wapner, Werner, & Krus, 1957; Wapner & Krus, 1959). The present study concerned itself with the relacionship between the individual's perception of the horizontal and his degree of preoccupation with hostile, antagonistic feelings. Twice, college students (42 women and 54 men) adjusted a luminous rod to the horizontal from each of six different starcing positions in a completely dark room. S stood 13 fc. from the rod which was 18 in. long and 1 in. wide. Performance was measured in terms of the average number of degrees that rod adjustments were either above or below the true horizontal. Degree of preoccupation with hostile feelings was evaluated by means of a Rorschach technique which involved obtaining 30 responses from each S. The hostility score was equal to the number of responses in which figures were openly described as fighting or engaged in antagonistic activity. Chi-square analysis indicaced that the greater an individual's preoccupation
Spatial-domain-based energy-efficient optical communications and networks

Spatial-domain-based energy-efficient N-dimensional coded-modulation is studied as a high-speed enabling technology for indoor optical wireless communication, terrestrial free-space optical communication and data center applications. The energy-efficient signal constellation is designed by maximizing the mutual information, while imposing the energy constraint.
Kinetic Inductance Detectors for X-Ray Spectroscopy

Abstract The lack of efficient x-ray detectors is often the main factor limiting the effective use of ever more powerful synchrotron light sources. Spectroscopic X-ray detectors are used for a wide variety of synchrotron experiments including X-ray micro/nano-probes and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for biology and geophysical applications. The current state-of-art spectroscopic X-ray detectors are semiconductor devices, and their energy resolutions are approaching their theoretical limit of about 100 eV at 6 keV. We describe a detector research and development program to develop the next-generation of high-resolution spectroscopic X-ray detectors using superconducting Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). With a required energy per charge carrier four orders of magnitude smaller than that of Si, superconducting detectors offer up to two orders of magnitude increase in energy resolution. In addition, KIDs can be optimized for detection of photons ranging in energy from hard X-ray to IR.
Central Ca++-channel blockade reverses ethanol-induced poikilothermia in the rat.

Abstract Two series of experiments were performed to determine the possible involvement of Ca ++ channels in the thermolytic action of ethanol administered at a room temperature of 22°C. In one group of 11 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, stainless steel guide cannulae were implanted stereotaxically above the lateral cerebral ventricle. Prior to an experiment, a thermistor probe was inserted into the colon so that core temperature could be monitored continuously for up to six hours or until the temperature had returned to a previous baseline level. When the animal's body temperature had stabilized, a dose of 4.0 g/kg in a v/v solution of 20% ethanol was given by intragastric gavage. After the body temperature had declined by about 2.0°C, ordinarily 30 min after ethanol administration, either control CSF or the vehicle plus one of four doses of verapamil (8.3, 25, 50 and 100 μg) was infused intracerebroventricularly (ICV) in a volume of 10 μl. In a second group of 7 unoperated rats, either 4.0 g/kg ethanol or a physiological saline control solution was administered isovolumetrically by intragastric gavage; then, 30 min later, either 3.0 or 10.0 mg/kg verapamil was injected intraperitoneally. At an ambient temperature of 22°C, ethanol gavage produced a significant decline in colonic temperature which was unaffected by physiological saline given by the same route. Although the CSF control vehicle was without effect, verapamil administered ICV attenuated the thermolytic action of ethanol in all doses tested; however, the lowest dose exerted its antagonist effect but with a longer latency. Conversely, when verapamil was given systemically, the hypothermic action of ethanol was significantly potentiated in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that a Ca ++ transport mechanism in the brain could be involved in ethanol-induced poikilothermia which is reversible when the Ca ++ channel is blocked by verapamil. On the other hand, the Ca ++ channel antagonist's vasoactive property peripherally serves to exacerbate ethanol thermolysis.
The preparation and properties of a fibrous tube alkoxysiloxane derived from a tube silicate

The conversion of the tube silicate K 2 CuSi 4 O 10 to the fibrous alkoxide (n-PrO)≃ 0.3 (MeO)≃ 0.3 (HO)≃ 0.4 SiO 1.5 by treatment of the silicate with a solution composed of n-PrOH, MeOH, and HCl is described. Also described are a glass devitrification synthesis of K 2 CuSi 4 O 10 , the structure and properties of the tube alkoxide, and the preparation, structure, and properties of a variant of this alkoxide in which the tubes are lightly cross-linked. In addition, the potential usefulness of the two alkoxides for the synthesis of ceramics, and the valuable sets of properties that can be expected from appropriately constituted tube polymers are discussed
The search for a topographic signature of life

Landscapes are shaped by the uplift, deformation and breakdown of bedrock and the erosion, transport and deposition of sediment. Life is important in all of these processes. Over short timescales, the impact of life is quite apparent: rock weathering, soil formation and erosion, slope stability and river dynamics are directly influenced by biotic processes that mediate chemical reactions, dilate soil, disrupt the ground surface and add strength with a weave of roots. Over geologic time, biotic effects are less obvious but equally important: biota affect climate, and climatic conditions dictate the mechanisms and rates of erosion that control topographic evolution. Apart from the obvious influence of humans, does the resulting landscape bear an unmistakable stamp of life? The influence of life on topography is a topic that has remained largely unexplored. Erosion laws that explicitly include biotic effects are needed to explore how intrinsically small-scale biotic processes can influence the form of entire landscapes, and to determine whether these processes create a distinctive topography.
A reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy study of the adsorption of atomic oxygen on silver

Abstract The adsorption of oxygen has been studied on a polycrystalline silver surface using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Three distinct species are found following the adsorption of oxygen which are identified using thermal desorption spectroscopy and RAIRS using isotopically labelled compounds. Two of these are dioxygen and the third is dissociatively adsorbed atomic oxygen. Atomic oxygen is shown to adsorb onto the silver surface via Langmuir kinetics, and the heat of adsorption obtained by measuring the atomic oxygen coverage in the presence of an external oxygen pressure is 25 ± 3 kcal/mol. The desorption activation energy , measured by analyzing the leading-edge region of the thermal desorption spectrum, is 37 ± 1 kcal/mol. The difference between these two values is ascribed to the presence of an activation barrier to dissociative adsorption of 12 ± 4 kcal/mol.
Patterns of intellectual ability in children with verbal deficits

Patterns of intellectual ability were examined in 81 children with verbal deficits identified by a Low Verbal/High Performance WISC profile. The results of verbal and nonverbal tests of intellectual functioning were factor-analyzed, and three groups of children were defined based on patterns of factor scores. Group 1 consisted of children with a Specific Language Disability (SLD) but good Abstract Reasoning ability, while Group 2 included SLD children with good Sequencing-Memory skills. Group 3 children displayed a General Language Disability (GLD) with deficits in both abstract reasoning and sequencing memory. The intellectual patterns were related to cognitive interpretations and found to have educational implications, with Group 1 children reading adequately, Group 2 children showing somewhat poorer reading skills, and Group 3 children reading very poorly. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying subgroups of children with verbal deficits and demonstrate the feasibility of extracting relatively specific cognitive information from global measures of intelligence. The results question the appropriateness of applying traditional assumptions regarding cognitive organization derived from studies of normal children to atypical groups of children.
An Orchestra of Voices: Making the Argument for Greater Speech and Press Freedom in the People's Republic of China

Foreword Preface Introduction On Socialist Press Freedom The Proletariat's Struggle for Press Freedom What Should Socialist Press Freedom Look Like? Press Freedom is a Process Personal Opinions on Macro-Issues in Press Reform Renewing Our Concept of Journalism Effective Press Reform within a Socialist Market Economy China's legal System Concerning Press Law The Difficulty of Writing Press Legislation in China Protecting Both the Individual's Rights to Reputation and the Press's Right to Report The Viability of Limited Public Ownership and Interregional Development
Black holes and five-brane thermodynamics

The phase diagram for Dp-branes in M theory compactified on T[sup 4],T[sup 4]/Z[sub 2],T[sup 5], and T[sup 6] is constructed. As for the lower-dimensional tori considered in our previous work [E. Martinec and V. Sahakian, Phys. Rev. D [bold 59], 124005 (1999)], the black brane phase at high entropy connects onto matrix theory at low entropy; we thus recover all known instances of matrix theory as consequences of the Maldacena conjecture. The difficulties that arise for T[sup 6] are reviewed. We also analyze the D1-D5 system on T[sup 5]; we discuss its relation to matrix models of M5-branes, and use spectral flow as a tool to investigate the dependence of the phase structure on angular momentum. [copyright] [ital 1999] [ital The American Physical Society]
Efficient generation of small interpolants in CNF

Interpolation-based model checking (ITP) McMillan (in CAV, 2003) is an efficient and complete model checking procedure. However, for large problems, interpolants generated by ITP might become extremely large, rendering the procedure slow or even intractable. In this work we present a novel technique for interpolant generation in the context of model checking. The main novelty of our work is that we generate small interpolants in conjunctive normal form (CNF) using a twofold procedure: first we propose an algorithm that exploits resolution refutation properties to compute an interpolant approximation. Then we introduce an algorithm that takes advantage of inductive reasoning to turn the interpolant approximation into an interpolant. Unlike ITP, our approach maintains only the relevant subset of the resolution refutation. In addition, the second part of the procedure exploits the properties of the model checking problem at hand, in contrast to the general-purpose algorithm used in ITP. We developed a new interpolation-based model checking algorithm, called CNF-ITP. Our algorithm takes advantage of the smaller interpolants and exploits the fact that the interpolants are given in CNF. We integrated our method into a SAT-based model checker and experimented with a representative subset of the HWMCC'12 benchmark set. Our experiments show that, overall, the interpolants generated by our method are 117 times smaller than those generated by ITP. Our CNF-ITP algorithm outperforms ITP, and at times solves problems that ITP cannot solve. We also compared CNF-ITP to the successful IC3 Bradely (in VMCAI, volume 6538 of lecture notes in computer science, 2011) algorithm. We found that CNF-ITP outperforms IC3 Bradely (in VMCAI, volume 6538 of lecture notes in computer science, 2011) in a large number of cases.
A Longitudinal Approach to Understanding the Relationship Between Symptom Status and QOL

This study demonstrates how a variant of growth curve modeling known as longitudinal parallel-process modeling can yield an understanding of the effect of symptoms on quality of life (QOL). A two-level hierarchical linear model with random intercepts and slopes was implemented within a structural equation modeling approach. The data (N = 367) comes from a large database of persons with HIV-associated illness. Twenty-three symptoms based on the Sign and Symptom Checklist for Persons with HIV disease and items measuring QOL from the general health status scales were used. Each respondent completed from 1 to 11 questionnaires. The number of reported symptoms had a significant association with patient QOL over time. These findings suggest that appropriate symptom management has the potential to improve patient QOL. This study demonstrates how a state-of-the-art longitudinal modeling technique evaluates the relationship between concurrent rates of change in measurements of two relevant variables.
Asymptotics of the solution to a singularly perturbed integral equation

Abstract The leading term of the asymptotics as ϵ → +0 of the solution to the equation ϵh ϵ + ∫ 1 -1 exp(- a ∣ x - u ∣) h ϵ ( y ) dy = f ( x ),-1≤ x ≤1, fϵC 4 (-1,1) is calculated.
Pharmacological differentiation of the effects of co-activation of β-adrenergic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat hippocampus ☆

Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can potentiate the cAMP response elicited by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta ARs) in the hippocampus. We have shown that co-activation of mGluRs and beta ARs induces both an acute depression of excitatory synaptic transmission and a long-lasting excitation of CA1 pyramidal cells. However, these studies were performed using a non-selective mGluR agonist. We have now used subtype selective mGluR agonists, and report that while the acute depression of transmission exhibits a pharmacology consistent with mediation by this mGluR subtype, the lasting excitation of CA1 pyramidal cells may be mediated by an interaction between beta ARs and mGluRs that are coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
A theoretical model of endochondral ossification and bone architectural construction in long bone ontogeny.

The role of mechanical stresses in the formation of endochondral ossification patterns and the construction of basic bone architecture in human long bones is investigated using a three-dimensional generalized model of long bone development. The distribution of mechanical stress which is created in developing bones as a result of intermittent mechanical loading is calculated using a computer model that mathematically represents the bone's geometry, material properties and loading conditions. The process of endochondral ossification is simulated by iteratively converting cartilaginous regions of the computer model to bone, based on the calculated intermittent hydrostatic and shear stress distributions. Once local regions of mineralized bone have formed, these regions are remodeled according to an algorithm which relates bone density to a mechanical stress stimulus. The results simulated the correct sequence of the appearance of morphological structures which are common to long bones in the human appendicular skeleton. These developmental structures include the site of the first endochondral bone and the secondary ossification center and the tubular nature of long bones. Our results suggest that mechanical loading histories may influence bone morphogenesis beginning from the early stages of endochondral ossification and continuing throughout life. The stress-based algorithms may be part of the ‘rules of construction’ or ‘developmental constraints’ which guide limb ontogeny.
NaCl Regulation of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase Gene Expression in a Glycophyte and a Halophyte

NaCl regulation of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene expression in the glycophyte tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var Wisconsin 38) and the halophyte Atriplex nummularia L. was evaluated by comparison of organ-specific mRNA abundance using homologous cDNA probes encoding the ATPases of the respective plants. Accumulation of mRNA was induced by NaCl in fully expanded leaves and in roots but not in expanding leaves or stems. The NaCl responsiveness of the halophyte to accumulate plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase mRNA in roots was substantially greater than that of the glycophyte. Salt-induced transcript accumulation in A. nummularia roots was localized by in situ hybridization predominantly to the elongation zone, but mRNA levels also increased in the zone of differentiation. Increased message accumulation in A. nummularia roots could be detected within 8 h after NaCl (400 mM) treatment, and maximal levels were severalfold greater than in roots of untreated control plants. NaCl-induced plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene expression in expanded leaves and roots presumably indicates that these organs require increased H(+)-electrochemical potential gradients for the maintenance of plant ion homeostasis for salt adaptation. The greater capacity of the halophyte to induce plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase gene expression in response to NaCl may be a salt-tolerance determinant.
NIMBY, Agent-Relative Reasons and Public Reason: An Open Peer Commentary on Simon Feldman and Derek Turner's ‘Why Not NIMBY?’

NIMBY claims have certainly been vilified. But, as Feldman and Turner point out, one cannot condemn all NIMBY claims without condemning all appeals to partiality. This suggests that any moral problem with NIMBY claims stems not from their status as NIMBY claims but from an underlying illegitimate appeal to partiality. I suggest that if we are to distinguish illegitimate from legitimate appeals to partiality we should look to what might morally justify the sort of agent-relative reasons that can be expressed as a part of public morality. However, if this serves to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate appeals to partiality, the scope for justifiable NIMBY claims is significantly reduced. NIMBY claims require special justification, just as do appeals to the appropriate form of agent-relative reasons. NIMBY appeals to the value of a particular place may very well be morally acceptable, but not merely in virtue of being significant to someone.
Extraction for ISABELLE

The design specifications for ISABELLE, a superconducting proton storage ring facility under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory call for circulating beam intensities of up to 6 x 1014 protons at 400 GeV energy in each ring. The energy stored in the beam is 41 Megajoules, an order of magnitude more than what has been dealt with in the past. This beam energy cannot be safely disposed of within the confines of the ISABELLE lattice if damage to the dump or quenching of the superconducting magnets is to be avoided. Therefore the full intensity beam must be extracted from the storage rings under all circumstances of emergency or routine beam disposal. Beam losses in excess of 10-3 of the full beam can jeopardize the extraction components and lead to magnet quenching as well. In this note we summarize a conceptual design of the extraction system and discuss the major constraints which lead to the parameters chosen.
Wealth and power: Indian groups in the Portuguese Indian economy

(1973). Wealth and power: Indian groups in the Portuguese Indian economy. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 36-44.