cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gold Solubilities in Bornite, Intermediate Solid Solution, and Pyrrhotite at 500° to 700°C and 100 MPa

Experiments were conducted at 100 MPa with an oxygen fugacity buffered by Ni-NiO, and at temperatures of 500°, 600°, and 700°C, to determine the solubility of Au within bornite, high-temperature chalcopyrite (intermediate solid solution [ISS]), and pyrrhotite over a range of sulfur activities likely to be found in the porphyry environment. The activity of sulfur in the system, ![Formula][1] , was buffered by ISS (Cu = Fe), ISS + bornite, or ISS + pyrrhotite mineral assemblages, which induced a ![Formula][2] between −11 ± 1 and 0.4 ± 0.8 (1σ). The solubility of Au in bornite increased from 1,000 μ g/g at 500°C to 1,800 μ g/g at 700°C and with an increase in the ![Formula][3] of −11 to −6.0. The solubility of Au in ISS was evaluated as both a function of temperature and the ![Formula][4] and increased from 300 μ g/g at 500°C and low ![Formula][5] to 4,000 μ g/g at 700°C and high ![Formula][6] . The ![Formula][7] was found to exert a control on Au solubility as, at 700°C, Au solubility in ISS increased from 1,100 to 4,000 μ g/g as the ![Formula][8] increased from −6.0 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.8 (1σ). The solubility of Au in ISS at 600°C increased from 800 to 1,800 μ g/g as the ![Formula][9] increased from −8.3 ± 0.7 to −2 ± 1 (1σ). Gold in pyrrhotite ranged from 300–500 μ g/g and did not vary appreciably over the entire range of temperature and ![Formula][10] studied. Nernst-style partition coefficients for gold between ISS and pyrrhotite, ![Formula][11] , were calculated at 600°C to be 3.6 ± 1.9 (1σ) for a ![Formula][12] of −2 ± 1 (1σ) and at 700°C to be 7.3 ± 4.7, 7.8 ± 2.9, and 10 ± 4 (1σ) at ![Formula][13] of −0.2 ± 0.4, 0.3 ± 0.4, and 0.4 ± 0.8 (1σ), respectively. Partition coefficients for gold between bornite and ISS, ![Formula][14] , were calculated to be 2.5 ± 1.8, 1.9 ± 0.7, and 1.6 ± 0.7 (1σ) for 500°, 600°, and 700°C at ![Formula][15] of −11 ± 1, −8.3 ± 0.7, and −6.0 ± 0.1 (1σ), respectively. In summary, the solubility of Au in bornite and ISS was found to increase with increasing temperature and the ![Formula][16] , whereas Au in pyrrhotite did not vary over the range of temperature and ![Formula][17] studied. Further, Au will partition preferentially into ISS relative to pyrrhotite in porphyry systems with an ISS + pyrrhotite assemblage and into bornite for the bornite + ISS assemblage. These data illustrate the importance of temperature and the ![Formula][18] in controlling the solubility of Au in sulfide minerals and provide important constraints for exploration. [1]: /embed/mml-math-1.gif [2]: /embed/mml-math-2.gif [3]: /embed/mml-math-3.gif [4]: /embed/mml-math-4.gif [5]: /embed/mml-math-5.gif [6]: /embed/mml-math-6.gif [7]: /embed/mml-math-7.gif [8]: /embed/mml-math-8.gif [9]: /embed/mml-math-9.gif [10]: /embed/mml-math-10.gif [11]: /embed/mml-math-11.gif [12]: /embed/mml-math-12.gif [13]: /embed/mml-math-13.gif [14]: /embed/mml-math-14.gif [15]: /embed/mml-math-15.gif [16]: /embed/mml-math-16.gif [17]: /embed/mml-math-17.gif [18]: /embed/mml-math-18.gif
Background adaptive division filtering for hand-held ground penetrating radar

The challenge in detecting explosive hazards is that there are multiple types of targets buried at different depths in a highlycluttered environment. A wide array of target and clutter signatures exist, which makes detection algorithm design difficult. Such explosive hazards are typically deployed in past and present war zones and they pose a grave threat to the safety of civilians and soldiers alike. This paper focuses on a new image enhancement technique for hand-held ground penetrating radar (GPR). Advantages of the proposed technique is it runs in real-time and it does not require the radar to remain at a constant distance from the ground. Herein, we evaluate the performance of the proposed technique using data collected from a U.S. Army test site, which includes targets with varying amounts of metal content, placement depths, clutter and times of day. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-based results are presented for the detection of shallow, medium and deeply buried targets. Preliminary results are very encouraging and they demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed filtering technique.
Analysis on the AIDS and syphilis sentinel surveillance of female sex workers in Louping county,Yunnan province in 2014

Objective To analyze the AIDS epidemic trend and change of intervention services among female sex workers( FSW) in Luoping. Methods The FSW were investigated by census method including behavior questionnaire and antibody testing for HIV,and syphilis in Luoping,from January to June in 2014. Results A total of 200 FSW were investigated. The rate of AIDS awareness was 100. 00%. The rate of HIV positive was 0,and the rate of syphilis positive was 1.00%. The condom use rate in the last time was 100. 00%. The rate of persisting with using condoms in the last 1 months was 98. 00%. The rate of injection drug use was 3. 00%. The rate of condoms distribution and AIDS voluntary counseling and testing was 100. 00%. The rate of community drug maintenance treatment and clean needle acceptance was 2. 50%,and the rate peer education was 96. 00%. 98. 00% FSW were tested of AIDS in the last year,and 97. 50% FSW known test results. Conclusions The rate of AIDS awareness rate,the condom use rate,and the rate of respecting intervention services were higher among FSW in Luoping. But there are definite syphilis epidemic,and a part of FSW injected drug and didn't insisted on condom using,which need to continue to strengthen education and intervention.
Test of Drilling Cutting Quantity of Outburst Prediction Index

By simulation in laboratory,the relationship of drilling cutting quantity with ground stress,gas pressure and drilling diameter has been studied,and the result show that the drilling cutting quantity is related to the ground stress.If the ground stress is large,the drilling cutting quantity added significantly,and the possible of outburst happened is added.The strength weak gas adsorption has influence significantly for drilling cutting quantity.In the same conditions,the unit length drilling cutting quantity by CO2is more than by N2.
Abstract PR09: Extracellular stiffness cues drive spatial reorganization of the genome to globally constrain RNA abundance

The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) drives mechanosignaling that regulates tissue development and malignancy. We previously showed that a stiff ECM disrupts tissue organization and enhances malignant progression by inducing cell invasion and migration. However, the specific transcriptional and molecular events in which mechanotransduction directs these phenotypes are not well understood. To clarify this process, we used a combination of genome-scale approaches to monitor changes in gene expression and protein abundance as a function of acinar morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis in three dimensional extracellular matrix hydrogels with tunable stiffness. Elevated ECM stiffness perturbed tissue homeostasis and reverted the transcriptional phenotype of differentiated mammary acini to resemble that observed in rapidly proliferating nonpolarized mammary cell aggregates. These findings suggest that tissue tension induces cellular changes that directly reflect higher-order tissue organizational states. We found that these changes involve the spatial rearrangement of peripheral chromatin, and that the expression levels of multiple histone deacetylases increase in organized tissues concurrently with elevated nuclear heterochromatin content, an effect that is abrogated in rigid ECM conditions. We support these observations by mapping mechanoresponsive peripheral heterochromatin elements via ChIPseq, enabling us to directly identify dynamic regions containing genes whose transcriptional activity is responsive to mechanical cues. Finally, using a combination of genomic, imaging, and molecular biology techniques we demonstrated that ECM compliance and tissue organization significantly influences global RNA abundance. Notably, this model presents formidable conceptual and practical challenges for the interpretation of genomic data. Collectively, this work indicates that tissue organization is critically dependent on the cellular mechanical environment, which qualitatively and quantitatively shapes the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape by mechanisms that have not yet been elucidated. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Russell Bainer, Yoshihiro Yui, Shannon Mumenthaler, Parag Mallick, Lin Liu, Hua-Jun Wu, Ondrej Podlaha, Franziska Michor, Jan Liphardt, Jonathan Licht, Valerie Weaver. Extracellular stiffness cues drive spatial reorganization of the genome to globally constrain RNA abundance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr PR09.
Riding the Rollercoaster

This case discusses a pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol, nitroglycerin, and sodium nitroprusside, resulting in severe hypotension.
Thyroid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review

Importance Normal thyroid gland function is critical for early neurocognitive development, as well as for growth and development throughout childhood and adolescence. Thyroid disorders are common, and attention to physical examination findings, combined with selected laboratory and radiologic tools, aids in the early diagnosis and treatment. Objective To provide a practical review of the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of thyroid disorders commonly encountered in a primary care practice. Evidence Review We performed a literature review using the PubMed database. Results focused on reviews and articles published from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2015. Articles published earlier than 2010 were included when appropriate for historical perspective. Our review emphasized evidence-based management practices for the clinician, as well as consensus statements and guidelines. A total of 479 articles for critical review were selected based on their relevance to the incidence, pathophysiology, laboratory evaluation, radiological assessment, and treatment of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer in children and adolescents. Eighty-three publications were selected for inclusion in this article based on their relevance to these topics. Findings The primary care physician is often the first health care professional responsible for initiating the evaluation of a thyroid disorder in children and adolescents. Patients may be referred secondary to an abnormal newborn screening, self-referred after a caregiver raises concern, or identified to be at risk of a thyroid disorder based on findings from a routine well-child visit. Irrespective of the path of referral, knowledge of the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules, as well as the general approach to evaluation and management, will help the primary care physician complete an initial assessment and determine which patients would benefit from referral to a pediatric endocrinologist. Conclusions and Relevance Early identification and treatment of thyroid disease in children and adolescents is critical to optimize growth and development. The primary care physician plays a critical role in identifying patients at risk. An understanding of risk factors, clinical signs and symptoms, and interpretation of screening laboratories ensures an efficient and accurate diagnosis of these common disorders. Regular communication between the primary care physician and the subspecialist is critical to optimize outcome because the majority of patients with thyroid disorders will require long-term to lifelong medical therapy and/or surveillance.
Use of the American Urological Association Clinical Practice Guidelines: Data from the AUA Census

Abstract Introduction Through systematic data review and expert consensus, the AUA (American Urological Association) produces clinical practice guidelines that serve to provide evidence-based guidance with an explicit clinical scope and purpose. In this study we determined whether urologists use clinical practice guidelines when making clinical decisions, and whether demographic factors are associated with not using the guidelines or with a lack of guideline awareness. Methods We examined the 2014 AUA Census. Our outcome was a question regarding whether the participant used AUA clinical practice guidelines in clinical decision making. We performed comparative statistical analyses, stratifying our outcome by demographic and practice specific variables. Results A total of 2,204 urologists completed the census, representing 18.9% of practicing urologists in the United States. Median age was 53 years and 91.1% were male. The majority of urologists used clinical practice guidelines (94.8%) in clinical decision making. Clinical practice guidelines had the lowest use among urologists 65 years old or older (89.2%), those in solo practice (88.3%) and pediatric specialists (87.9%). Based on a multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors associated with not using clinical practice guidelines included increasing age, metropolitan practice setting and solo practice. Gender, AUA section, level of rurality and fellowship training were not statistically associated with clinical practice guideline use. Conclusions The majority of urologists (approximately 95%) use AUA clinical practice guidelines to inform clinical decisions. Our findings support the importance of clinical practice guidelines and highlight potential opportunities for better targeted outreach to improve clinical practice guideline use among practicing urologists.
Influence of changes in the physical and chemical environment on the growth of water trees in polyolefins

The complex phenomenon of water treeing has been extensively researched since first reported by Lawson and Vahlstrom over 10 years ago [1]. It is well documented that the environment near the treeing inception point plays a role in the treeing process and that some chemicals added to the system can supress initial tree growth [2–5], After years of studying the role of additives, however, the actual mechanisms responsible for water treeing are still not clear.
Posthuman relations in performance studies

Although speech, as Aristotle thought, is perhaps a capacity distinct to the human species, “communication” is not. The prominence of communication as a description for our life with each other mar...
AP-Endonuclease 1 Accelerates Turnover of Human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase by Preventing Retrograde Binding to the Abasic-Site Product

A major product of oxidative DNA damage is 8-oxoguanine. In humans, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) facilitates removal of these lesions, producing an abasic (AP) site in the DNA that is subsequently incised by AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1). APE1 stimulates turnover of several glycosylases by accelerating rate-limiting product release. However, there have been conflicting accounts of whether hOGG1 follows a similar mechanism. In pre-steady-state kinetic measurements, we found that addition of APE1 had no effect on the rapid burst phase of 8-oxoguanine excision by hOGG1 but accelerated steady-state turnover (kcat) by ∼10-fold. The stimulation by APE1 required divalent cations, could be detected under multiple-turnover conditions using limiting concentrations of APE1, did not require flanking DNA surrounding the hOGG1 lesion site, and occurred efficiently even when the first 49 residues of APE1’s N-terminus had been deleted. Stimulation by APE1 does not involve relief from product inhibition because thymine...
Multiple outcomes and analyses in clinical trials create challenges for interpretation and research synthesis

Abstract Objective To identify variations in outcomes and results across reports of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Study Design and Setting Eligible RCTs examined gabapentin for neuropathic pain and quetiapine for bipolar depression, reported in public (e.g., journal articles) and nonpublic (e.g., clinical study reports) sources by 2015. We prespecified outcome domains. From each source, we collected “outcomes” (i.e., domain, measure, metric, method of aggregation, and time point); “treatment effect” (i.e., outcome plus the methods of analysis [e.g., how missing data were handled]); and results (i.e., numerical contrasts of treatment and comparison groups). We assessed whether results included sufficient information for meta-analysis. Results We found 21 gabapentin (68 public, 6 nonpublic reports) and seven quetiapine RCTs (46 public, 4 nonpublic reports). For four (gabapentin) and seven (quetiapine) prespecified outcome domains, RCTs reported 214 and 81 outcomes by varying four elements. RCTs assessed 605 and 188 treatment effects by varying the analysis of those outcomes. RCTs reported 1,230 and 661 meta-analyzable results, 305 (25%) and 109 (16%) in public reports. Conclusion RCTs included hundreds of outcomes and results; a small proportion were in public reports. Trialists and meta-analysts may cherry-pick what they report from multiple sources of RCT information.
A secure, self-recovery, and high capacity blind digital image information hiding and authentication scheme using DCT moments

Secure digital image communications on the internet and via networked systems is important in many multimedia commercial, government, and defense applications. Cyber security attacks on various image data by anonymous unauthorized hackers, with the aim to intercept, corrupt or deny access to the data, have seen a significant increase in recent years. In many homeland security applications, digital information hiding, and image watermarking have seen an increased interest by researchers, given the crucial need of protecting critical information that could threaten our nation security. In data information hiding or watermarking schemes, information is generally hidden either in the spatial domain of the carrier image, or in the carrier image transform such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In this paper we show, for the first time, a secure, high capacity, authentication, tampering localization, and self-recovery scheme that embeds, with very high imperceptibility, and hides DCT moments of several full gray-scale hidden images (as opposed to binary) and several full gray-scale watermarking images, of the same full size as a given arbitrary carrier host image. The information is embedded into the intensities (as opposed to the DCT moments as is the case of existing classical schemes, in general) of a host carrier image. We show how the proposed algorithm has self-recovery capability to recover most lost information in case of unauthorized cropping attacks from hackers. The objective is the ability, via a blind scheme where the carrier not required/known at the receiving end, to (a) hide 8 arbitrary full gray-scale images into an arbitrary carrier image using two different scales (b) to make the carrier image independent of any given arbitrary hidden image(s), (c) the ability to use arbitrary carrier images that are unknown to the general public and never previously used, for security reason to make sure that the extracted images will not be an easy target to tampering or hacking from a third party who may recognize a popular given carrier image. Finally, experimental results are presented below to show the potential of the proposed method, especially to unauthorized cropping attacks.
Establishment of Marine Protected Areas to Reduce Watercraft Impacts in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Lathrop, R.G.; Bognar, J.; Buenaventura, E.; Ciappi, M.; Green, E., and Belton, T.J., 2017. Establishment of marine protected areas to reduce watercraft impacts in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. In: Buchanan, G.A.; Belton, T.J., and Paudel, B. (eds.), A Comprehensive Assessment of Barnegat Bay–Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. To help address the adverse effects associated with motorized boating activities in the Barnegat Bay National Estuary, New Jersey, a network of marine protected areas was identified to receive special consideration and management. Officially designated in spring 2012, the boundaries for these ecologically sensitive areas (ESAs) were based on best professional judgment and a geographic information system–based assessment using extant maps of habitat natural features, including shellfish beds, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), presence of endangered species, and proximity to bird nesting areas. The need for and the subsequent effectiveness of ESA designation in managing the adverse...
A numerical investigation on NO2 formation reaction pathway in a natural gas–diesel dual fuel engine

Abstract This paper numerically investigated the NO2 formation pathway in a natural gas (NG)–diesel dual fuel engine using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model CONVERGE. The fuel chemistry coupled was a reduced primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism consisting of 45 species and 142 reactions including the NOx mechanism from GRI chemistry. The NO2 formation pathway was investigated by examining the rate of production (ROP) of key species dominating NO2 formation in each cell. The ROP of the key species was further processed to derive the representative creation reactions (RCR) of NO2 (RCRNO2). The simulation revealed that the NO2 produced during main combustion stage was formed in the hot combustion products of n-heptane spray through reaction pathway C7H15 → CH2O → HCO → H → O → NO2 and the interface between the hot combustion products and NG–air mixture dominated by the HO2 produced through reaction pathway CH4 → CH3 → CH2O → HCO → HO2. The NO2 formed in hot combustion products during main combustion stage was later on destructed to NO and was not able to survive through the expansion process. In comparison, the NO2 formed during the post combustion expansion process was dominated by HO2 radical formed in the interface between the NO-containing combustion products and unburned NG–air mixture. It was concluded that the increased conversion from NO to NO2 in a NG–diesel dual fuel engine was due to the increased HO2 produced through the reaction path: CH4 → CH3 → CH2O → HCO → HO2 in the post combustion stage. The availability of methane necessary for the production of HO2 after the completion of the main combustion process was the main factor contributing to the significantly increased NO2 emissions from NG–diesel dual fuel engines. The research aiming at reducing NO2 emissions from dual fuel engines should focus on the approaches capable of significantly improving the combustion efficiency of NG.
Leucaena leucocephala: A Leguminous Tree Suitable for Eroded Habitats of Hawaiian Islands

Leucaena leucocephala is divided into two subspecies: (i) L. leucocephala subsp. leucocephala, which is known as “common leucaena” or “koa haole,” and (ii) L. leucocephala subsp. glabrata, which is known as “giant leucaena.” Common leucaena is a small bushy shrub that forms a lot of seeds, because of which it can spread easily and is considered invasive. Giant leucaena, on the other hand, is a tree with large branches. It produces much less seeds and is not considered invasive. Giant leucaena can grow to become big trees of up to ~20 m in height, or it can be grown as a legume fodder by maintaining the plants as dwarf bushes through repeated harvest of foliage, up to ten times a year. The wood of giant leucaena can be used for timber, paper pulp, or biofuel production. In the Hawaiian Islands, many eroded habitats, such as roadsides, hill slopes, and barren lands, are generally occupied by common leucaena. Replacing common leucaena with giant leucaena in these locations may create new opportunities for cattle farming, animal feed production, and development of other related industry. Dr. James Brewbaker and his colleagues at the University of Hawaii developed many high-yielding cultivars of giant leucaena suitable for both fodder and wood production. Besides growing in Hawaii, these cultivars are also widely grown in many other tropical and subtropical countries.
Data-Driven Machine Learning for Wind Plant Flow Modeling

In this paper, we introduce a data-driven machine learning framework for improving the accuracy of wind plant flow models by learning turbulence model corrections based on data from higher-fidelity simulations. First, a high-dimensional PDE-constrained optimization problem is solved using gradient-based optimization with adjoints to determine optimal eddy viscosity fields that improve the agreement of a medium-fidelity Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model with large eddy simulations (LES). A supervised learning problem is then constructed to find general, predictive representations of the optimal turbulence closure. A machine learning technique using Gaussian process regression is trained to predict the eddy viscosity field based on local RANS flow field information like velocities, pressures, and their gradients. The Gaussian process is trained on LES simulations of a single turbine and implemented in a wind plant simulation with 36 turbines. We show improvement over the baseline RANS model with the machine learning correction, and demonstrate the ability to provide accurate confidence levels for the corrections that enable future uncertainty quantification studies.
A multistream multiresolution framework for phoneme recognition.

Spectrotemporal representation of speech has already shown promising results in speech processing technologies, however, many inherent issues of such representation, such as high dimensionality have limited their use in speech and speaker recognition. Multistream framework fits very well to such representation where different regions can be separately mapped into posterior probabilities of classes before merging. In this study, we investigated the effective ways of forming streams out of this representation for robust phoneme recognition. We also investigated multiple ways of fusing the posteriors of different streams based on their individual confidence or interactions between them. We observed 8.6% relative improvement in clean and 4% in noise. We developed a simple yet effective linear combination technique that provides intuitive understanding of stream combinations and how even systematic errors can be learned to reduce confusions.
The effects of a conventional feed versus a fish-free feed and biofloc management on the nutritional and human sensory characteristics of shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

Biofloc-based systems use little water and may recycle nutrients through the water column microbial community; fish-free diets may be more ecologically and financially sustainable than traditional feeds. A 12-week study examined the effects of biofloc (solids) management and a fish-free diet on shrimp quality. Four treatments were created; two used a conventional feed (including fishmeal and fish oil), one with solids management (CF-S) and one without (CF), and two treatments used a fish-free feed, one with solids management (FF-S) and one without (FF); each treatment was randomly assigned to four 3600-L tanks. The FF and FF-S shrimp had significantly lower lipid concentration and more manganese. Potassium was higher in CF-S shrimp versus CF; phosphorus was lowest in FF-S shrimp, and FF shrimp had the highest zinc levels. The CF shrimp had significantly higher omega-3s than FF shrimp, although omega-3 levels in FF shrimp were higher than the feed. This, coupled with higher omega-3 levels in the biofloc than the feed, may indicate that shrimp obtained some fatty acids from the biofloc material. The CF-S and FF-S shrimp had significantly greater sweet aromatic aroma, and the FF and FF-S shrimp had significantly higher first bite moisture release, mastication moisture release, and mastication fibrous/stringy texture. These results should be considered to optimize product quality of biofloc-raised shrimp fed fish-free diets.
The Relationship Between Antigenic Structure and Immune Specificity

There has built up over the years an accumulation of data dealing with the specificity of antigen-antibody interactions. Numerous studies, some utilizing admittedly ill-defined antigens, have made solid contributions to our knowledge concerning some of the structures and forces involved in immune interactions. These have been the subject of numerous reviews (Karush, 1962; Kaminski, 1965; Singer, 1965;Sela, 1966, 1967, 1969;Crumpton, 1967b;Kabat, 1966, 1968; Pressman and Grossberg, 1968; Goodman, 1969) and will therefore be given only cursory treatment herein. However, knowledge of the precise interrelationships involved in these interactions can best be derived from studies with antigens of defined structure. The present effort will be limited to coverage of selected protein antigens of known structure and/or sequence. It is not our intent to review the literature, but rather to focus our attention on several representative model proteins, in an attempt to extract from the diverse findings common denominators and to bring forth some unifying concepts dealing with various parameters of the immune response. We extend our apologies to those workers in the field whose contributions have not been included.
The Effects of Cuddling on Relational Quality for Married Couples: A Longitudinal Investigation

This study examined the longitudinal effects of cuddling on relational quality for married couples. In a four-week experiment, 80 adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: increased...
“Last licks”: Do they really help?

Much has been written about the home field advantage in sports. Baseball and softball are unusual games, in that the rules are explicitly different for home versus visiting teams, since by rule home teams bat second in each inning (they have last licks). This is generally considered to be an advantage, which seems to be contradicted by the apparent weakness of the home field advantage in baseball compared to that in other sports. In this article we examine the effect of last licks on baseball and softball team success using neutral site college baseball and softball playoff games. We find little evidence of an effect in baseball, but much greater evidence in softball, related to whether a game is close late in the game. In softball games that are tied at the end of an inning, batting last seems to be disadvantageous later in the game, apparently related to the chances of the team scoring first to break the tie. Since the database also includes games where one team is playing on its home field, we are also able to say something about benefits from playing at home that are not related to last licks.
The impact of insurance health care on radiotherapy (RT) patterns of care in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e16518 Background: Access to surgical care and imaging modalities in NSCLC patients are well documented to vary by race/ethnicity. Little information regarding disparities of RT technology usage in...
Build Orientation Effects on Mechanical Properties of 316SS Components Produced by Directed Energy Deposition

Abstract Laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing process whereby a laser fuses metal feed stock to the surface of a part. The process can be complete once to form a cladded layer or can be carried out numerous times to build complex three-dimensional structures. One major obstacle to the widescale acceptance of DED technology is the tightly coupled relationship between mechanical performance and process parameters. This study investigated the effects of layer orientation on the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel (SS) parts fabricated via DED process. Quasi-static tensile tests were conducted on DED 316L SS specimens fabricated in orientation increments of 15 degrees with respect to the loading direction. Specimens were tested in their as-built condition without post process heat treatments. Yield, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and maximum elongation measurement were taken, contributing to the ultimate finding that: Young’s Modulus is largely unaffected, yield stress may vary by 73 MPa corresponding to a 30 degree change in layer orientation, ultimate tensile strength does not show a strong statistical outcome based on layer orientation, and ductility shows a strong positive correlation to increases in layer angle with respect to axis of tensile stress.
Perturbation-induced high-frequency pulsing of nano-ESI with facile ion selection at atmospheric pressure.

Nano-ESI is a commonly used ionization technique with continually expanding analytical advantages. Here, we report a facile way for high-frequency (500–3800 Hz) pulsing of nano-ESI, providing a high flux of mobility-selected ions. The pulsing is accomplished using a relatively low-voltage modulation (80 V peak-to-peak) of an electrode placed 50% of those in continuous nano-ESI without ion selection, underscoring efficient ion generation via high-frequency pulsing. These findings indicate the potential of the pulsed nano-ESI for enhanced analytical utility, such as a high-flux selected-reagent-ion supplier at atmospheric pressure, and chart new avenues to further enhance the analytical performance of nano-ESI.
Parent Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication Integration for Children With Fragile X Syndrome: It Starts in the Home

Many children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have complex communication needs and may benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This qualitative study explored how four mother-child dyads used AAC in the home. Data were collected using participant observations, open-ended interviews, and record reviews, and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Findings revealed that mothers found AAC to be a useful tool for addressing their children's complex communication needs, but practical and personal factors impacted its use in the home. This study sheds light on how mothers of children with FXS view and utilize AAC as a way to promote communication at home. Understanding parental perspectives can help to guide professionals in planning appropriate AAC interventions specific to FXS.
Quantifying Spatial Variation in Aggregate Cultural Tolerance

Quantifying cultural influences on demographic behaviors and outcomes is challenging because social norms, values, and beliefs are difficult to measure and isolate from various confounders. A new strategy combines biomarker data and small area estimation techniques to measure geographic variation in cultural tolerance—the cultural tenets that value individual autonomy and freedom of choice over conformity and deference to authority. The basis of my strategy hinges on the fact that, aside from genetic and pathological factors, in most societies human handedness historically is affected by cultural and environmental pressures against left-handedness. Growing cultural tolerance in a society should reduce the incidence of forced hand switching among born left-handers and increase left-hander prevalence in the population. Using population-based data on individual handedness in China, small area estimates of left-hander prevalence at the provincial level predict individuals’ attitudes towards freedom of choice and equality of opportunities in an independent sample.
Active and Reflective Learning to Engage All Students.

This article describes how teachers effectively manage learning through active engagement of all students throughout each class period. A case study is presented which demonstrates how students learn through active and reflective engagement with ideas, the environment, and other learners (National Middle School Association, 2010). The case study demonstrates the complex task of facilitating integrated, thematic collaborative learning. The case is based on a middle level classroom, but the concepts can be naturalistically generalized by readers to elementary or secondary settings. The case study can be used with pre-service and in-service teachers in a variety of professional development contexts. It can be useful to help educators differentiate between classroom management and behavior management. This paper advances what is known about managing integrated, thematic learning through connecting the theoretical literature with an actual case where these principles are applied.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Abdominal Body Contouring: A Comparative Matched Analysis of Outcomes and Cost:

Background:Studies that have previously validated the use of incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) after body contouring procedures (BCP) have provided limited data regarding associate...
Protective headgear for sports

Participation in contact sports across all levels carries a risk of sustaining a head injury through an impact event. As part of the protective “garment,” sports headgear serves to mitigate the deleterious effects of these head collisions. However, performance requirements for sports headgear vary due to a myriad of expected service-life conditions. As such, polymeric materials must provide the essential properties for processing, construction, and management of the cumulative degradative exposures of helmet material storage and use. Sectors of the sport headgear industry have implemented reconditioning and recertification processes for helmets due to deterioration in an effort to maintain initial performance standards. Analytical polymer science techniques can assist sport engineers to monitor changes in functional properties throughout the helmet life span as well as aid in product development processes. Additional efforts to mitigate sport-related head trauma include development of novel pneumatic liner systems, composite outer shells, and aftermarket additive helmet technologies.
Failure of Non-Circular Composite Cylinders

In this study, a progressive failure analysis is used to investigate leakage in internally pressurized non-circular composite cylinders. This type of approach accounts for the localized loss of stiffness when material failure occurs at some location in a structure by degrading the local material elastic properties by a certain factor. The manner in which this degradation of material properties takes place depends on the failure modes, which are determined by the application of a failure criterion. The finite-element code STAGS, which has the capability to perform progressive failure analysis using different degradation schemes and failure criteria, is utilized to analyze laboratory scale, graphite-epoxy, elliptical cylinders with quasi-isotropic, circumferentially-stiff, and axially-stiff material orthotropies. The results are divided into two parts. The first part shows that leakage, which is assumed to develop if there is material failure in every layer at some axial and circumferential location within the cylinder, does not occur without failure of fibers. Moreover before fibers begin to fail, only matrix tensile failures, or matrix cracking, takes place, and at least one layer in all three cylinders studied remain uncracked, preventing the formation of a leakage path. That determination is corroborated by the use of different degradation schemes and various failure criteria. Among the degradation schemes investigated are the degradation of different engineering properties, the use of various degradation factors, the recursive or non-recursive degradation of the engineering properties, and the degradation of material properties using different computational approaches. The failure criteria used in the analysis include the noninteractive maximum stress criterion and the interactive Hashin and Tsai-Wu criteria. The second part of the results shows that leakage occurs due to a combination of matrix tensile and compressive, fiber tensile and compressive, and inplane shear failure modes in all three cylinders. Leakage develops after a relatively low amount of fiber damage, at about the same pressure for three material orthotropies, and at approximately the same location.
On Aerodynamics of Blasts

Publisher Summary This chapter begins with explaining the influence of a structure on the form and pressure field of a passing blast by a simplified model whose results show that the reflected shock is very weak and a slipstream exists in a physical sense and the bend forms an almost vertical wall(the slope). If a weak, plane compression wave advances into still air, the whole velocity and pressure field behind the advancing front may be considered a small perturbation away from the state of rest. The chapter also discusses the diffraction of very weak shocks around wedges of arbitrary angle using conical flow method and such, and explains the pressure and density fields behind blasts advancing over arbitrary flat surfaces. The chapter describes head-on encounter of a shock with an almost perpendicular wall.
Parity, Preference and Puzzlement

Ruth Chang has argued for the existence of a fourth positive value relation, distinct from betterness, worseness and equality, which she calls “parity.” In an earlier article I seemed to criticize Chang's suggestion by offering an interval model for the values of items that I claimed could accommodate all the phenomena characteristic of parity. Wlodek Rabinowicz, offering his own model of value relations, endorsed one central feature of my proposal: the need to distinguish permissible preferences from required ones. But he, along with Chang, correctly pointed out that my own model suffered from serious formal problems. The present article offers an improved interval model, but the main point is not the model itself. Rather, it is the derivation of the model from a response-dependent account of practical rationality. This derivation helps explain why we have a concept for which Rabinowicz's model is appropriate, and therefore supplements Chang's existence arguments. My conclusion is that we can take Chang's view, Rabinowicz's and mine as providing a reinforcing set of views.
Open architecture television receivers and extensible/intercompatible digital video representations

The authors propose that development of advanced television should take system architecture issues into account, and they outline continuing research toward non-pixel-based signal representations that decouple the spatial and temporal resolution of the program origination from that of the display and support scalability by channel bandwidth and processing power. It is shown that any attempt to formulate a single transmission, production, or display standard for the next generation of television which is simply an extrapolation of existing broadcast systems is unlikely to succeed. It is argued that a raster-scan standard with double the number of current lines runs the risk of being technologically obsolete even before it is widely adopted. It is concluded that the system architecture approach to future television provides an extensibility and flexibility that can be achieved in no other way. >
Facilitating Scholarly Writer Development: The Writing Scaffold

UNLABELLED: PROBLEM OF INTEREST: Nursing faculty at a private, medium-sized university noted that students in their online Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing, hybrid Master of Science in Nursing, and online Doctor of Nursing Practice programs displayed varying scholarly writing abilities. PURPOSE: This article proposes an evidence-based comprehensive support framework, or scaffold that can be used in nursing education to facilitate the development of scholarly writing abilities in students. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: The writing scaffold is recommended for use by nursing faculty to facilitate the development of scholarly writing abilities within nursing, across nursing program levels, and across disciplines.
An Overview of the Orbiting Solar Laboratory

The Orbiting Solar Laboratory (OSL), which is a joint NASA/BMFT/ASI/ AFGL program, will be a free flying, polar orbiting complement of five scientific instruments operating as a facility and designed to observe the surface and upper atmosphere of the sun with high spatial and temporal resolution over a spectral range from the soft X-ray to the near Infrared. OSL’s primary scientific objectives are to study the coupling of velocity, magnetic, and radiation fields in the photosphere and chromosphere and to causally relate this coupling to activity in the overlying regions.
On the complexity of modular model checking

In modular verification the specification of a module consists of two parts. One part describes the guaranteed behavior of the module. The other part describes the assumed behavior of the environment with which the module is interacting. This is called the assume-guarantee paradigm. Even when one specifies the guaranteed behavior of the module in a branching temporal logic, the assumption in the assume-guarantee pair concerns the interaction of the environment with the module along each computation, and is therefore often naturally expressed in linear temporal logic. In this paper we consider assume-guarantee specifications in which the assumption is given by an LTL formula and the guarantee is given by a CTL formula. Verifying modules with respect to such specifications is called the linear-branching model-checking problem. We apply automata-theoretic techniques to obtain a model-checking algorithm whose running time is linear in the size of the module and the size of the CTL guarantee, but doubly exponential in the size of the LTL assumption. We also show that the high complexity in the size of the LTL specification is inherent by proving that the problem is EXPSPACE-complete. The lower bound applies even if the branching temporal guarantee is restricted to be specified in /spl forall/CTL, the universal fragment of CTL.
CP asymmetry in the neutral B system at symmetric colliders.

Contrary to the conventional belief, time integrated asymmetry are measurable in selected final states in the neutral $B$ system at symmetric $e^+e^-$ colliders. They occur due to the interplay of weak and strong phases of two different amplitudes in addition to the $B^0 - \bar B^0$ mixing. Observation of these asymmetries would be evidence for direct CP violation in the decay amplitudes.
Attitudes Toward Direct Instruction

Students and recent graduates of an undergraduate generic special education program that uses the Direct Instruction model as the basis for methods instruction were surveyed about their attitudes toward it. Results supported the findings of previous reports with inservice teachers that experience with Direct Instruction increases positive attitudes toward it. The current study found that class size that increased the supervisor-student ratio and decreased the amount of supervised practice resulted in less favorable attitudes toward Direct Instruction. Attitudes toward Direct Instruction of graduates of the teacher education program showed only slight differences from those of students just finishing intensive training in Direct Instruction.