cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INCORPORATION OF MINCED TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) INTO EGG‐BASED NOODLES

Recovering minced fish from fish frames following filleting operations is a common way to increase fish muscle yield as well as fully utilize aquatic food resources. Therefore, it is important to develop new and feasible applications for minced fish that will add value to fishery products. In this study, washed minced trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was incorporated at 10 and 20% flour replacement level into a conventional egg noodle formulation. Textural attributes (by TPA) of cooked noodles were evaluated. In addition, textural, functional and sensory attributes of fried noodles, a snack food item, were also evaluated. Visual color (CIE )-Lab of fresh noodles containing minced trout was less red and yellow than the control and the overall difference in color (ΔE) increased as the level of minced trout increased. Noodles incorporating 10% minced trout had cooked texture profiles similar to the control; however, there were significant decreases in hardness, gumminess and chewiness in the cooked noodles containing 20% minced trout. For the fried noodles, adding fish tended to reduce the yellow color and yielded a product with texture profiles similar to the control at a 10% substitution level. The experimental and control products were acceptable. Product preference was evenly divided between the control fried noodle and the noodle containing 10% minced trout.
Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Contains Autonomous Determinants for Vectorial Targeting to Apical Membranes of Polarized Epithelial Cells

We previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is vectorially transported to apical membranes of CMV-infected polarized human retinal pigment epithelial cells propagated on permeable filter supports and that virions egress predominantly from the apical membrane domain. In the present study, we investigated whether gB itself contains autonomous information for apical transport by expressing the molecule in stably transfected Madine-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on permeable filter supports. Laser scanning confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and domain-selective biotinylation of surface membrane domains showed that CMV gB was transported to apical membranes independently of other envelope glycoproteins and that it colocalized with proteins in transport vesicles of the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. Determinants for trafficking to apical membranes were located by evaluating the targeting of gB derivatives with deletions in the lumen, transmembrane (TM) anchor, and carboxyl terminus. Derivative gB(Delta717-747), with an internal deletion in the luminal juxtamembrane sequence that preserved the N- and O-glycosylation sites, retained vectorial transport to apical membranes. In contrast, derivatives that lacked the TM anchor and cytosolic domain (gBDelta646-906) or the TM anchor alone (gBDelta751-771) underwent considerable basolateral targeting. Likewise, derivatives lacking the entire cytosolic domain (gBDelta772-906) or the last 73 amino acids (gBDelta834-906) showed disrupted apical transport. Site-specific mutations that deleted or altered the cluster of acidic residues with a casein kinase II phosphorylation site at the extreme carboxyl terminus, which can serve as an internalization signal, caused partial missorting of gB to basolateral membranes. Our studies indicate that CMV gB contains autonomous information for apical targeting in luminal, TM anchor, and cytosolic domain sequences, forming distinct structural elements that cooperate in vectorial transport in polarized epithelial cells.
Anti-HIV-1 activity of anionic polymers: a comparative study of candidate microbicides

Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) in soluble form blocks coreceptor binding sites on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and elicits gp41 six-helix bundle formation, processes involved in virus inactivation. CAP is not soluble at pH < 5.5, normal for microbicide target sites. Therefore, the interaction between insoluble micronized CAP and HIV-1 was studied. Carbomer 974P/BufferGel; carrageenan; cellulose sulfate; dextran/dextrin sulfate, poly(napthalene sulfonate) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) are also being considered as anti-HIV-1 microbicides, and their antiviral properties were compared with those of CAP. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to (1) study HIV-1 IIIB and BaL binding to micronized CAP; (2) detect virus disintegration; and (3) measure gp41 six-helix bundle formation. Cells containing integrated HIV-1 LTR linked to the β-gal gene and expressing CD4 and coreceptors CXCR4 or CCR5 were used to measure virus infectivity. 1) HIV-1 IIIB and BaL, respectively, effectively bound to micronized CAP. 2) The interaction between HIV-1 and micronized CAP led to: (a) gp41 six-helix bundle formation; (b) virus disintegration and shedding of envelope glycoproteins; and (c) rapid loss of infectivity. Polymers other than CAP, except Carbomer 974P, elicited gp41 six-helix bundle formation in HIV-1 IIIB but only poly(napthalene sulfonate), in addition to CAP, had this effect on HIV-1 BaL. These polymers differed with respect to their virucidal activities, the differences being more pronounced for HIV-1 BaL. Micronized CAP is the only candidate topical microbicide with the capacity to remove rapidly by adsorption from physiological fluids HIV-1 of both the X4 and R5 biotypes and is likely to prevent virus contact with target cells. The interaction between micronized CAP and HIV-1 leads to rapid virus inactivation. Among other anionic polymers, cellulose sulfate, BufferGel and aryl sulfonates appear most effective in this respect.
Rapid screening and cultivation of Ehrlichia canis from refrigerated carrier blood

Improved detection and isolation of rickettsial agents from naturally infected dogs would facilitate understanding the epidemiologic roles of these hosts. In this study, current methods were refined for rapid screening of carrier blood and ticks for Ehrlichia canis, and the feasibility of blood culture after PCR screening was addressed.
Interpersonal Rejection as a Determinant of Anger and Aggression

This article reviews the literature on the relationship between interpersonal rejection and aggression. Four bodies of research are summarized: laboratory experiments that manipulate rejection, rejection among adults in everyday life, rejection in childhood, and individual differences that may moderate the relationship. The theoretical mechanisms behind the effect are then explored. Possible explanations for why rejection leads to anger and aggression include: rejection as a source of pain, rejection as a source of frustration, rejection as a threat to self-esteem, mood improvement following aggression, aggression as social influence, aggression as a means of reestablishing control, retribution, disinhibition, and loss of self-control.
Gautreaux mothers and their children: an update

The Gautreaux program was one of the first major residential mobility programs in the United States, providing low-income black families from public housing with opportunities to relocate to more affluent white neighborhoods in the Chicago suburbs and in other city neighborhoods. This paper reviews the most recent research on the Gautreaux families, which uses long-term administrative data to examine the effects of placement neighborhoods on the economic and social outcomes of mothers and children. We find that both Gautreaux mothers and their now-grown children were remarkably successful at maintaining the affluence and safety of their placement neighborhoods. As to the long-run economic independence of the mothers themselves, however, the new research fails to confirm the suburban advantages found in past Gautreaux research, although it does show that these outcomes were worst in the most racially segregated placement neighborhoods. With regard to the criminal records of Gautreaux children, it is found ...
Visual Form, Ethics, and a Typology of Purpose Teaching Effective Information Design

Stallworth Williams introduces concepts of visual rhetoric and ethics for a classroom exercise in the analysis and revision of a sales letter. This article revisits Stallworth Williams’s proposed t...
Dietary intake of homeless families in Wisconsin: Lessons for nutrition educators

Abstract Although recent studies have shown that the diets of homeless adults, especially men, are inadequate, few studies have examined the dietary intakes of homeless children and women. The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of the diets of sheltered homeless families and to compare it with that of a low-income but nonhomeless population. The dietary intakes of homeless families (n = 135) staying at shelters and motels were compared with the intakes of low-income families who used free community meal sites (n = 129) in Wisconsin. In addition, the diets of homeless families staying in shelters were compared with the dietary intakes of homeless families living in motels. The diets of homeless adults and children were found to be more adequate than were the diets of the nonhomeless comparison group. Adults in homeless families staying at motels had poorer intakes than did adults staying at shelters, but this difference was not found for their children. Shelter directors reported that they often have difficulty providing appealing but nutritious meals within the constraints of the various meal service methods they used. Shelter foodservice staff should be viewed as an important target group for nutrition education interventions.
The fiscal theory of the price level in an open economy

Abstract Recent work (Loyo, E., Going international with the fiscal theory of the price level. Manuscript, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1998; Dupor, B., Exchange rates and the fiscal theory of the price level. Journal of Monetary Economics 45, 613–630) has shown that extension of the fiscal theory of the price level to an open economy yields indeterminate prices and exchange rates, calling into question the usefulness of the theory. This paper shows that by carefully tailoring policies in an independent fashion, governments can eliminate price and exchange rate indeterminacy. Specifically, governments are assumed to care about the welfare of their agents so that they never set policy to yield an intertemporal government budget surplus.
Shifting Focus: From Books to Laptops to Face-to-Face Discussion

Contemporary innovations in education tend to be information based or computer driven. A complete curriculum, however, needs flexibility in order to foster skills for shifting from one context to another. Face-to-face skills play an important role in the governance of democratic societies, and ‘having a good understanding’ of something involves the ability to communicate what is known. The dominant cognitive model of information (information and communications technology) should not weaken the human skills that belong to a full education. Computers need to be seen in a broad educational context. The iClass project and the No-Laptop policy described in this article show two different but related ways of acknowledging the limitations of the modern information paradigm. These two postmodern approaches share a critical distance from computers so as to customize information for specific learning situations. While engaging with computers, educators should weigh specific practices and ask how, and under what cir...
Spontaneous mutant frequency and mutation spectrum for gene A of ΦX174 grown in E. coli

The use of transgenic targets for measuring mutant frequencies in mammalian tissue requires an estimate of the mutant frequency that results from recovery of the transgene in bacterial recovery systems. In this study, we have determined the spontaneous mutant frequency, estimated the mutation rate, and ascertained the mutation spectrum for gene A of X174 grown in E. coli strain CQ2 from 156 small independent cultures. The mutant frequency of 12 of the 156 cultures was 17 1.0 10 6 and the estimated mutation rate per gene replication was 7.4 2.3 10 6 . The mutant frequency and spectrum from E. coli were not significantly different from that of solvent-treated embryonic mouse cells in culture, 19 0.5 10 6 (Valentine CR et al. [2002]:
The Emotional Regulation during Test-taking scale

The article describes the development and initial validity efforts for a context-specific measure of Emotional Regulation during Test-taking (ERT). Presented are results from both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis on independent half samples, one used for development and one used for validation, which supported a 39-item, four-dimensional structure (i.e., Task-Focusing, Emotion-Focusing, Regaining Task-Focus, and Cognitive-Appraising Processes). In addition, results examining the relationship between the ERT and relevant measures of test anxiety, mood regulation, and coping showed support for the construct validity of the ERT scale.
Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior

A survey (N = 292) was conducted that measured self-promoting Facebook behaviors (e.g. posting status updates and photos of oneself, updating profile information) and several anti-social behaviors (e.g. seeking social support more than one provides it, getting angry when people do not comment on one’s status updates, retaliating against negative comments). The grandiose exhibitionism subscale of the narcissistic personality inventory was hypothesized to predict the self-promoting behaviors. The entitlement/exploitativeness subscale was hypothesized to predict the anti-social behaviors. Results were largely consistent with the hypothesis for the self-promoting behaviors but mixed concerning the anti-social behaviors. Trait self-esteem was also related in the opposite manner as the Narcissism scales to some Facebook behaviors.
Heart Failure With Better Ejection Fraction A Modern Diagnosis

The emerging population of heart failure with improved ejection fraction, characterized in this issue of Circulation by Basuray et al1for 3 heart failure centers, testifies to the cumulative benefit of therapeutic advances during the past 30 years. The initial triage for referral to heart failure centers, many of which were launched with the approval of cyclosporine in 1984, was an assumed “less than six months to live,” derived from the classic Stanford experience in which most waiting transplant candidates who did not receive transplantation were dead within 6 months.2 Although the prognosis was not uniformly grim, most patients referred to transplant centers were dead within 1 to 2 years on the limited medical therapy of that time. Article see p 2380 The direct vasodilators hydralazine and nitrates were the first proven in a randomized trial to improve outcomes in any heart failure population.3 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors then were shown to improve outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction,4 asymptomatic and symptomatic chronic heart failure,5 and acute decompensated heart failure in hospital.6 In comparison with the hydralazine/nitrate regimens, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors offered superior survival benefit for New York Heart Association class I to II ambulatory patients, but outcomes were equivalent for class III.7 Benefit was subsequently shown in hospitalized class IV patients for captopril over hydralazine, when both were titrated to the same hemodynamic goals achieved on intravenous nitroprusside and diuretics, usually requiring the addition of oral nitrates to both.8 Increasing survival for the heart failure center referral population could soon be attributed to both the increasing use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the diminished use of type I antiarrhythmic therapy,9 which was being replaced by amiodarone. During this time, experience was growing with β-blocker therapy, first used in Sweden …
The Road to Serfdom and the world economy: 60 years later

Abstract We consider Friedrich Hayek's Road to Serfdom in light of global ideological and economic developments during the 60 years since its publication. Specific problems considered include socialism and planning, whether national socialism was really socialism, whether Hayek's views could be labeled as social democratic and whether his critique of social democracy was too strong, and his discussion of the prospects for international economic order. While often right and enormously influential, Hayek himself agreed that some of his predictions did not become true.
Static quark potential in three flavor QCD

We study the effects of dynamical quarks on the static quark potential at distances shorter than those where string breaking is expected. Quenched calculations and calculations with three flavors of dynamical quarks are done on sets of lattices with the lattice spacings matched within about one percent. The effect of the sea quarks on the shape of the potential is clearly visible. We investigate the consequences of these effects in a very crude model, namely solving Schroedinger's equation in the resulting potential. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The diurnal march of vapour pressure on sea-breeze days at Athens, Greece

This study is restricted to days with even pressure distribution, and without strong winds that would interfere with the sea breeze. The greatest frequency of such a sea breeze occurs in May, June and October, which are the months of low frequency of the Etesians. The diurnal march of vapour pressure at Athens is clearly double in all months and the year as a whole. However, on days with uninterrupted sea breeze, mainly from May to October, three pairs of extremes characterize the variation, there being two secondary maxima and two secondary minima in the forenoon. The arrival of the moist sea breeze overcompensates the normal decrease of vapour pressure in the morning.
Characterization and Sequencing of the Active Site of 1-Aminocyclopropane- 1-Carboxylate Synthase

Abstract The pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14), the key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis, is inactivated by its substrate S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). Apple ACC synthase was purified with an immunoaffinity gel, and its active site was probed with NaB3H4 or Ado[14C]Met. HPLC separation of the trypsin digest yielded a single radioactive peptide. Peptide sequencing of both 3H- and 14C-labeled peptides revealed a common dodecapeptide of Ser-Leu-Ser-Xaa-Asp-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Gly-Phe-Arg, where Xaa was the modified, radioactive residue in each case. Acid hydrolysis of the 3H-labeled enzyme released radioactive N-pyridoxyllysine, indicating that the active-site peptide contained lysine at position 4. Mass spectrometry of the 14C-labeled peptide indicated a protonated molecular ion at m/z 1390.6, from which the mass of Xaa was calculated to be 229, a number that is equivalent to the mass of a lysine residue alkylated by the 2-aminobutyrate portion of AdoMet, as we previously proposed. These results indicate that the same active-site lysine binds the PLP and convalently links to the 2-aminobutyrate portion of AdoMet during inactivation. The active site of tomato ACC synthase was probed in the same manner with Ado[14C]Met. Sequencing of the tomato active-site peptide revealed two highly conserved dodecapeptides; the minor peptide possessed a sequence identical to that of the apple enzyme, whereas the major peptide differed from the minor peptide in that methionine replaced leucine at position 6.
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Corticosteroids

Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids (CS) are rare in the general population, but they are not uncommon in high-risk groups such as patients who receive repeated doses of CS. Hypersensitivity reactions to steroids are broadly divided into two categories: immediate reactions, typically occurring within 1 h of drug administration, and non-immediate reactions, which manifest more than an hour after drug administration. The latter group is more common. We reviewed the literature using the search terms “hypersensitivity to steroids, adverse effects of steroids, steroid allergy, allergic contact dermatitis, corticosteroid side effects, and type I hypersensitivity” to identify studies or clinical reports of steroid hypersensitivity. We discuss the prevalence, mechanism, presentation, evaluation, and therapeutic options in corticosteroid hypersensitivity reactions. There is a paucity of literature on corticosteroid allergy, with most reports being case reports. Most reports involve non-systemic application of corticosteroids. Steroid hypersensitivity has been associated with type I IgE-mediated allergy including anaphylaxis. The overall prevalence of type I steroid hypersensitivity is estimated to be 0.3–0.5 %. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the most commonly reported non-immediate hypersensitivity reaction and usually follows topical CS application. Atopic dermatitis and stasis dermatitis of the lower extremities are risk factors for the development of ACD from topical CS. Patients can also develop hypersensitivity reactions to nasal, inhaled, oral, and parenteral CS. A close and detailed evaluation is required for the clinician to confirm the presence of a true hypersensitivity reaction to the suspected drug and choose the safest alternative. Choosing an alternative CS is not only paramount to the patient’s safety but also ameliorates the worry of developing an allergic, and potentially fatal, steroid hypersensitivity reaction. This evaluation becomes especially important in high-risk groups where steroids are a life-saving treatment. The assessment should be done when the patient’s underlying condition is in a quiescent state.
Effect of routine probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, use on rates of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birthweight < 1000 grams: a sequential analysis.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease in neonates, often resulting in death or serious medical or neurodevelopmental complications. The rate of NEC is highest in the smallest babies and many efforts have been tried to reduce the rate of NEC. In neonates born below 1500 grams, the rate of NEC has been significantly reduced with the use of various probiotics. This study examines the impact of routine use of a probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (BioGaia W ), on the rate of NEC in neonates at highest risk for developing NEC, those with birth weight ≤1000 grams. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study comparing the rates of NEC in neonates with birth weight ≤1000 grams. The groups are separated into those neonates born from January 2004 to June 30, 2009, before introduction of L. reuteri, and neonates born July 2009 through April 2011 who received routine L. reuteri prophylaxis. The chart review study was approved by our institutional review board and exempted from informed consent. Neonates were excluded if they died or were transferred within the first week of life. The remainder were categorized as having no NEC, medical NEC, surgical NEC, or NEC associated death. Since no major changes occurred in our NICU practice in recent years, and the introduction of L. reuteri as routine prophylaxis was abrupt, we attributed the post-probiotic changes to the introduction of this new therapy. Rates of NEC were compared using Chi square analysis with Fisher exact t-test. Results: Medical records for 311 neonates were reviewed, 232 before- and 79 after-introduction of L. reuteri prophylaxis. The incidence of NEC was significantly lower in the neonates who received L. reuteri (2 of 79 neonates [2.5%] versus 35 of 232 untreated neonates [15.1%]). Rates of late-onset gram-negative or fungal infections (22.8 versus 31%) were not statistically different between treated and untreated groups. No adverse events related to use of L reuteri were noted. Conclusions: Prophylactic initiation of L. reuteri as a probiotic for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis resulted in a statistically significant benefit, with avoidance of 1 NEC case for every 8 patients given prophylaxis.
Turbidity Affects Foraging Success of Drift-Feeding Rosyside Dace

Abstract The effects of suspended sediment on nongame fishes are not well understood. We examined the effects of suspended sediment (i.e., turbidity) on reactive distance and prey capture success at spring–autumn (12°C) and summer (18°C) temperatures for rosyside dace Clinostomus funduloides in an artificial stream. Experimental turbidities ranged from 0 to 56 nephelometric turbidity units (NTUs) at the two temperatures, and sample sizes for each turbidity–temperature combination ranged from 5 to 10 fish. All fish were tested at a single, randomly selected turbidity. Nonlinear regression (dosage–response curves) detected a negative relationship between turbidity and reactive distance at both spring–autumn (R 2 = 0.96) and summer (R 2 = 0.90) temperatures. Turbidity also had a strong negative effect on capture success at both spring–autumn (R 2 = 0.88) and summer (R 2 = 0.70) temperatures. Two-way analysis of variance showed that turbidity and temperature were significant in all models (P < 0.0001) and tha...
Spatial and temporal variations in boreal forest fire frequency in northern Alberta

Spatial and temporal variations in fire frequency in the boreal forest of Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) were assessed using forest stand age, fire scar and historical data. I test the hypotheses that (1) fire frequency is higher in jack pine forests and aspen forests than in black spruce forests and white spruce forests, (2) these variations in fire frequency can be related to the mean waterbreak distance (MWD) around a site and (3) fire frequency has changed over the past 300 years. The fire cycles (the time required to burn an area equal in size to the entire study area) in jack pine forests (39 years) and in aspen forests (39 years) were significantly shorter than those in black spruce forests (78 years) and in white spruce forests (96 years). The length of the fire cycle varies inversely with the MWD around a site, and the MWD was significantly higher in jack pine and aspen forests than in black or white spruce forests. It is suggested that covariations between soil type and the MWD influence, respectively, variations in forest dominant and fire frequency. A change in fire frequency at 1860 was apparent in the fire history for all of WBNP, the black spruce dominated stands, and the near and medium MWD classes. The fire cycle estimates for these classes were all significantly shorter during the period 1750 to 1859 (fire cycles=25-49 years) than they were in the period 1860 to 1989 (fire cycles = 59-89 years). The possible roles of changes in climate and aboriginal burning practices in causing the temporal change in fire frequency are discussed.
Oncostatin M promotes STAT3 activation, VEGF production, and invasion in osteosarcoma cell lines

Background We have previously demonstrated that both canine and human OSA cell lines, as well as 8 fresh canine OSA tumor samples, exhibit constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3, and that this correlates with enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2). While multiple signal transduction pathways can result in phosphorylation of STAT3, stimulation of the cytokine receptor gp130 through either IL-6 or Oncostatin M (OSM) is the most common mechanism through which STAT3 is activated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of IL-6 and OSM stimulation on both canine and human OSA cell lines to begin to determine the role of these cytokines in the biology of OSA.
Turbulence in the California Undercurrent

Abstract Vertical profiles of microstructure velocity over the San Diego Trough showed enhanced levels of kinetic energy dissipation in the intrusive region between the California Undercurrent and the surface California Current. If the observed rate of dissipation is typical, then the kinetic energy of the undercurrent is extracted with a minimum time scale of 11 days. The time scale for the dissipation of total mechanical energy (kinetic plus potential) and the transit time from southern California to Vancouver Island are comparable. The vertical eddy diffusivity is less than 1.9 × 10−5 m−2 s−1 and is not a factor in the mixing of the undercurrent. The most frequently observed thickness of a turbulent layer is 1–2 m. Layers thinner than 6 m contribute the most to the total dissipation, while thicker and less frequent layers are noticeable contributors.
DNA amplification fingerprinting: A general tool with applications in breeding, identification and phylogenetic analysis of plants

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) uses very short arbitrary oligonucleotide primers (≥ 5 nt in length) to initiate amplification of discrete portions of a genome and produce characteristic fingerprints. DAF requires careful optimization of amplification parameters, but is highly reproducible and is amenable to automation. Profiles can be tailored in the number of monomorphic and polymorphic products. For example, template digestion prior to amplification can enhance dramatically the detection of polymorphic DNA. This strategy can be used to study closely related organisms in fingerprinting, taxonomical and phylogenetic studies, generate sequence-tagged markers diagnostic of mutationally defined genomic regions, and find markers closely linked to phenotype-defined genetic loci in positional cloning.
Actinomyces naeslundii: An Uncommon Cause of Endocarditis

Actinomyces rarely causes endocarditis with 25 well-described cases reported in the literature in the past 75 years. We present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by Actinomyces naeslundii. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of endocarditis due to this organism and the second report of PVE caused by Actinomyces.
VEHICLE COMPATIBILITY - ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SIDE IMPACT OCCUPANT INJURY

This paper discusses a study conducted by General Motors Corporation to better understand the factors that influence injury potential in vehicle-to-vehicle side impacts. Real world field performance was studied through an extensive six-state analysis of recent model year vehicles (1994+). Of particular interest in this study was the Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (MVSS) 214 dynamic side impact standard, which was phased-in starting with some 1994 model year passenger cars. Physical side impact crash testing of a 1997 passenger car was used to investigate the relationship of impacting mass, speed, geometric profile and stiffness on side impact intrusion and occupant injury. Included in this test series was an assessment of the injury response differences between the SID and BioSID anthropomorphic test devices. To further investigate the factors influencing side impact injury, computer simulation was used to investigate how changes in impacting vehicle speed, mass, height, angle, overlap, plan view curvature and width affect occupant injury and intrusion.
A Novel Handheld Photoacoustic Imaging Probe Using Micromachined Silicon Parallel Acoustic Delay Lines (PADLs)

We report a new photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe using micromachined silicon parallel acoustic delay lines. It allows the simultaneous reception of 16 channels of PA signals with only one ultrasonic transducer for real-time photoacoustic tomography.
Anisotropic Seismic Forward Modeling using Finite-Element Method and its Implication Towards Developing an Anisotropic full Waveform Inversion

We develop a 3D Finite Element Method for solving the elastodynamic equation with high-order absorbing boundary conditions based on Higdon’s radiation boundary conditions using special potential functions. In the exterior of the domain, the unbounded elastic medium is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. This boundary condition is incorporated with no limitation on its order. A standard finite element discretization using second-order tetrahedral elements is performed in space, which is convenient for the elastic anisotropic problems; and a Newmark-type scheme is used for time marching. No numerical instability is observed for the simulation times of interest. This seismic forward modeling scheme could be applied to model full anisotropic 3D structures and be potentially applied to a full anisotropic inversion scheme.
MARIJUANA USE AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Marijuana use is increasing worldwide. Concomitantly, there has been an increase in case studies reporting adverse cardiac events associated with marijuana use, yet little is known about the impact of marijuana use on cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, in a retrospective analysis, we quantified
Measuring Axonal Loss with Serial OCT Testing in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (P4.277)

OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify the yield of three methods of measuring retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal loss in the eyes of individual patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), using optical coherence tomography (OCT). BACKGROUND: In patients with MS, OCT demonstrates evidence of acute loss after attacks of optic neuritis and accelerated chronic axonal loss in patients without histories of optic neuritis. We explored the value of serial OCT testing in MS patients, including three methods of assessing for neural damage. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of serial spectral-domain OCT in a cohort of 51 MS patients (95 eyes) from a single center and laboratory. Tests were conducted at least six months apart to assess change over time (mean interval, 1.5 years). Standard assessment included peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular segment volumes. Optic nerve head volumes were also measured, as previously described. RESULTS: Of 95 eyes, 24 met at least one criterion for significant reduction in either mean or temporal RNFL thickness (7 microns), ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer volume (0.09 mm3) or optic nerve head volume (0.09 mm3) between tests. Of these, seven eyes exceeded thresholds for significant loss in all three measurements and five eyes did so for two measurements. Only three eyes had a clear interval history of optic neuritis. CONCLUSIONS: Serial OCT testing has a reasonably high yield in identifying evidence of axonal loss over time in patients with MS. The use of multiple quantitative techniques may increase this yield. Disclosure: Dr. Morrow has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abukhalil has nothing to disclose.
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase inhibition by ceramide via PKC-α, p38 MAPK, cPLA2, and 5-lipoxygenase

In a companion paper (Vivekananda J, Smith D, and King RJ. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 281: L98–L107, 2001), we demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibited the activity of CTP:...
The Application of CR Imaging System in Conventional Pantomography Equipment

Objective To introduce a simple and practical digital equipment for photographic children's oral cavity.Methods Using the existing panoura ULTRA pantomography dental equipment,its axletree pole of imaging carrier bracket and the position of the handle of film box were improved,as a result,the traditional intensifying screen film was changed into the IP board carrying digital X-ray imaging to take pictures and using FCR5000R to read the IP board,and then the acquired images were dealt with through terminal processor,and printed with FUJIFILM DRY PIX7000 laser camera to print.Consequently,the clear digital tooth image with high quality were got.Results 200 children were examined randomly with the improved pantomography dental equipment.The excellent image guality was up to 98%.Conclusion The improved pantomography dental equipment is of advantages,and it should be of a promising future in the field of oral cavity clinic,scientific research and teaching.
Water Quality of Centralized Water Supply in Hailar District of Hulunbeier City during 2007—2008

[Objective]To understand the sanitary quality of drinking water in centralized water supply in Hailar district of Hulunbeier City after the promulgation of GB 5749-2006 " Sanitation Standards for Drinking Water ".[Methods]The water samples were collected,preserved,detected and analyzed according to GB /T 5750-2006 "Standard Testing Methods for Drinking Water",the evaluation of test items and limit value were based on GB 5749-2006 " Sanitation Standards for Drinking Water ".[Results]Of 190 tested water samples,the total qualified rate was 47.89%,the qualified rate of source water,finished water and tap water was 37.50%,53.33%,50.00% respectively;the major influencing indicators of water quality were chroma,oxygen consumption,iron,manganese and so on.[Conclusion]Water quality management of centralized water supply should be enhanced in Hailar District.The production processes should be modified to improve the sanitary quality of drinking water.The health department should strengthen health supervision and monitoring to guarantee the safety of drinking water.
Research of Holding Data Consistency Strategy in Remote Data Disaster Tolerance System

Data consistency is the precondition of data disaster tolerance.Holding data consistency strategy in the remote data disaster tolerance system maintains primary-backup data consistency by keeping block update order between primary and backup volumes,and maintains data view consistency through an improved pipeline strategy,and optimizes the system performance at the same time,finally discussing the method to resolve the multi-facility data consistency.The antitype experiment shows that it is effective of the holding data consistency strategy in this system.
H(+)-K(+)-ATPase in rabbit cortical collecting duct B-type intercalated cell

The role of H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) B-type intercalated cell (B cell) is unclear. This study examined whether H(+)-K(+)-ATPase contributes to B cell intracellular pH (pHi) regulation and, if so, whether it is present at the apical or basolateral membrane. B cell Na(+)-independent pHi recovery from an acid load was only partially inhibited by peritubular N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Complete inhibition required combining peritubular NEM either with luminal Sch-28080 or with luminal K+ removal. In contrast, neither peritubular Sch-28080 nor peritubular K+ removal altered pHi regulation. Tomato lectin, which binds to the gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase beta-subunit, labeled the B cell apical membrane. We conclude that the rabbit CCD B cell possesses an apical H(+)-K(+)-ATPase that plays an important role in pHi recovery from an in vitro acid load.
Introduction to the power flow equations and moment/sum-of-squares relaxations of optimal power flow problems

Recent advances in computational methods related to the power flow equations provide opportunities to better analyze and operate electric power systems. This presentation begins by overviewing the power flow equations and discussing the state-of-the-art in solution techniques.
Sharp minimax bounds for testing discrete monotone distributions

We consider a binary hypothesis testing problem of determining whether discrete data is drawn from some known distribution p versus from an unknown alternative that is ∊-separated in the total variation norm. Under monotonicity constraints, we show that the global minimax testing radius for this problem scales as ∊2 ≍ (√log d/n)4/5. This scaling is significantly different from classical scaling ∊2 ≍ √d/n that holds without monotonicity constraints. We also prove some locally adaptive results on the testing radius over k-piece distributions, and other distributions p that have “simpler” structure.
A new perspective on hierarchical structure to analyse strength limiting factors of CNT yarns

The astonishing properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the nanoscale have not been effectively translated into the CNT yarn at the macroscale. Thus, quantitative assessment to identify the strength-limiting factors for CNT yarns is needed. By observing that CNT yarns resemble conventional textile yarns, textile knowledge base based on continuum mechanics is used to provide a new perspective on the hierarchical structure of CNT yarns. Bundles are identified as the most basic unit; the CNT is a sub-basic unit. Four length scales (CNT, bundle, pack, yarn) are introduced to identify and evaluate strength limiting factors that occur either within each distinct scale or the interaction between them. Four top-level parameters are defined to quantify the strength-limiting factors, and simulation results are congruent with currently available experimental data. This new perspective is then used to explore solutions and illuminate the future potential of the CNT yarn.
Amplified charge and discharge rates in phase change materials for energy storage using spatially-enhanced thermal conductivity

Abstract Composites made with high thermal conductivity meshes embedded in phase change materials (PCMs) increase charge/discharge rates of latent heat energy storage systems. We study the benefits of spatially-dependent enhancements to thermal conductivity on the charge/discharge rates of PCMs in both one-dimensional Cartesian and one-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. Our nondimensionalized quasi-steady (Stefan number ≲ 0.1) solution indicates that the average charge (discharge) rate in a spatially-enhanced PCM outperforms the uniformly-enhanced case by maximizing the enhancement near the heat source and therein reducing the time averaged thermal resistance to melting (solidifying). Relative to a uniformly-enhanced thermal conductivity, the optimal charge/discharge rate enhancement is a modest 12% in one-dimensional Cartesian coordinates but as high as 140% in one-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. Our analytical solutions are a design guide for graded mesh structures that can be realized by advanced fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing and applied in applications ranging from telecommunications to buildings, where PCMs are employed to harness rapidly varying energy sources.
Profiling of Transcription Factor Binding Events by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP‐seq)

In multi-cellular organisms, gene expression is orchestrated by thousands of transcription factors (TF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a robust tool to investigate gene expression because this technique profiles in vivo protein-DNA interaction at a genome-wide scale. Eight years after the first ChIP-seq paper, there are limited reports of ChIP-seq experiments in plants, especially for sequence-specific DNA binding TFs. This lag greatly prevents our understanding of transcriptional regulation in an entire kingdom. In order to bridge the technical gap, we describe a ChIP-seq procedure that we have successfully applied to dozens of sequence-specific DNA binding TFs. The basic protocol includes procedures to isolate nuclei, sonicate chromatin, immunoprecipitate TF-DNA complex, and recover ChIP-enriched DNA fragments. The support protocol also describes practices to optimize library preparation by a gel-free DNA size selection. Lastly, examples are given to optimize library amplification using real-time PCR. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: Arabidopsis; ChIP-seq; transcription factor
A new method for measuring historical poverty trends: Incorporating geographic differences in the cost of living using the Supplemental Poverty Measure

The U.S. Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics recently developed a substantially improved measure of poverty, the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). The SPM has only been released since 2009, and prior efforts by researchers to construct a historical SPM time series have not taken into account an essential element of the new measure - geographical differences in the cost of living - which is necessary for accurately describing poverty trends in important demographic and regional subgroups. We build the first historical SPM time series from 1967-2014 that adjusts poverty thresholds for cost of living. We do so bringing together a constellation of data sources - the Current Population Survey, the Decennial Census, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Fair Market Rents, and others. We find that geographically adjusting thresholds increases poverty rates in metro areas, the Western states, and among Latinos, but decreases poverty rates in non-metro areas and in the South. The geographic adjustment of poverty thresholds is an impactful component of the SPM.
Aberrant Expression of Regulatory miRNAs and Transcripts for IRS-PI3K Growth and Survival Signaling In Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Abstract Abstract 1912 Background: Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of IgM secreting lymphoplasmacytic cells in (LPC) the bone marrow, an elevated serum IgM, and frequently accompanied with hyperviscosity syndrome. The insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are important mediators of the insulin like receptor family and PI3K signaling leading to PKC and AKT activation. Methods: TaqMan low density arrays were used to evaluate the relative levels of 667 miRNAs in 11 WM patient and 5 age matched healthy donor (HD) CD19+ bone marrow cells. The results of this screen were validated using individual stem loop RT-PCR assays. Additional mRNA targets were identified using an existing gene expression profiling (GEP) data set of 22 WM patients and 8 HD using the Affymetrix U133 plus 2 platform. GEP findings were validated using an independent cohort of 18 WM patients and 7 HD. Results: Aberrant miRNAs identified were miR-21 (+3.27 fold p=0.035), miR-29c (+3.17 fold; p=0.003), miR-155 (+5.53 fold; p=0.082), miR-9* (-3.94 fold; p=0.001), miR-27b (-4.94 fold; p=0.001), miR-126 (-21.52 fold; p=0.006), miR-126* (-25.55 fold; p=0.039), miR-145 (-34.27 fold; p Conclusions: The results of this demonstrate aberrant expression of regulatory miRNAs and transcripts for IRS-PI3K growth and survival signaling in WM, and provide support for the development of IRS/PI3K targeted therapeutics in WM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Adolescence in Low-Resource Settings

Approximately 1 out of 5 children worldwide suffers from childhood malnutrition or stunting and associated health conditions, including an increased susceptibility to infections and inflammation. Due to improved early interventions, most children even in low-resource settings now survive early childhood malnutrition, yet exhibit continuing evidence of neurodevelopmental deficits, including poor school achievement and behavioral problems. These conditions are compounded in children who continue to be undernourished throughout the adolescent years. At present, these sequelae of malnutrition and infection are of major concern in the adolescent population, given that young people between the ages of 10 and 24 years represent nearly one-quarter of the world's population. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on the well-being of this age group and, in particular, on behavioral, cognitive, and brain disorders of adolescents who experienced malnutrition, infection, and inflammation prenatally, in early childhood, and during adolescence itself. Because one-third of all women globally become pregnant during their adolescent years, brain and behavioral disorders during this period can have an intergenerational impact, affecting the health and well-being of the next generation. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge and evidence gaps regarding childhood and adolescent malnutrition and inflammation and their impact on adolescent neurodevelopment, the limited evidence regarding nutrition and psychosocial interventions, and the role of resilience and protective factors in this age group. This overview should help to inform the development of new strategies to improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of high risk adolescent populations.
A note on a generalized regularity condition

For k≥1 let G be a graph with the property that for every set of k vertices of G, the number of vertices adjacent to these k vertices is a constant d≥0. For k≥3 we prove that these graphs are either complete on k+d vertices or possibly strongly regular for certain values of k and d.