cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Validation Study of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System: Associations with Salivary Cortisol and Temperament.

OBJECTIVE There are few standardized neonatal neurobehavioral instruments available for longitudinal child development research. We adapted an established clinical tool, the Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system, for research by standardizing the administration protocol and expanding the 3-point coding scale to 5 points. METHODS We administered the 5-point NBO to 144 racially/ethnically diverse late preterm or term infants born to low-income women (average age 5 weeks). Cronbach's alphas were calculated to determine internal consistency reliability of Autonomic, Motor, Organization of State, and Responsivity subscales. We examined concurrent validity using subscale associations with infant salivary cortisol reactivity to the NBO and maternally reported infant temperament. RESULTS Two of the 4 NBO subscales, Organization of State and Responsivity, had excellent (0.91) and good (0.76) reliability, respectively, and were retained for further analyses. Infants with higher Organization of State scores (more optimal regulation) demonstrated lower cortisol reactivity (r = -0.30, p < 0.01) and temperamental negativity (r = -0.16, p < 0.05). Responsivity was unrelated to cortisol reactivity or temperament. CONCLUSIONS State regulation, as measured by the 5-point NBO, was associated with a biologic marker of infant stress response to the NBO administration and reported temperament. Poor reliability of the NBO's 3-item Autonomic and 7-item Motor subscales suggests that further psychometric research in other samples and likely refinement are needed. Given the paucity of neurobehavioral assessment tools for infants, these findings justify such research as next steps in the incremental progression toward the development of a practical, reliable, and predictive measure of early neurobehavioral development.
Testing a new, intensified infusion‐withdrawal protocol for urinary urgency provocation in brain‐bladder studies

Introduction The brain's role in bladder control has become an important area of study in the last 15 years. Typically, the brain's role in urinary urgency has been studied by repeated infusion and withdrawal of fluid, per catheter, to provoke urgency sensation during a whole brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Since this technique generally requires a large group size, we tested a more intense infusion-withdrawal protocol in an attempt to improve signal to noise ratio and repeatability of the signal which would, in turn, allow us to further probe subtypes of urgency urinary incontinence. Methods A total of 12 women over the age of 60 were recruited to test a new "intense" infusion withdrawal protocol. They underwent this new protocol during a functional brain MRI scan. The primary outcome was comparison of activity within the insula, medial pre-frontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA). Immediate test-retest repeatability was measured using intraclass correlation. Secondary exploratory evaluation of differences in the whole brain between protocols was conducted. Results There was no significant difference in signal in any of the a priori regions of interest between protocols. Test-retest repeatability in the new protocol was poor compared to the original protocol, and variability was higher. Three participants were not able to tolerate the "intense" protocol. Conclusion The small improvement in signal to noise ratio of the new protocol was not sufficient to overcome the poorly tolerated intense filling protocol.
The Feasibility of Virtual Reality and Student-Led Simulation Training as Methods of Lumbar Puncture Instruction

There is limited data assessing simulation and virtual reality training as a standardized tool in medical education. This feasibility study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality training and a student-led simulation module in preparing medical students to perform a lumbar puncture. Twenty-five medical students completed a pre-intervention survey, and a baseline video recorded lumbar puncture procedure on a task trainer. Students were randomly distributed into the virtual reality group, or the curriculum’s standard student-led procedural instruction group. Participants were then given 45 min to practice the lumbar puncture procedure. After the intervention, all participants were video recorded again as they performed a post-intervention lumbar puncture and completed a post-intervention survey. Pre- and post-intervention videos were scored using a critical action checklist in conjunction with time needed to complete the procedure to evaluate proficiency. At baseline, there were no major statistically significant differences between groups. Assessing overall post-intervention performance, both groups showed improvement in aggregate score (p < 0.001) and time required to complete (p = 0.002) the lumbar puncture. Following interventions, the student-led group improved over the virtual reality group in a variety of metrics. The student-led group increased their aggregate score by 3.49 and decreased their time to completion by 34 s over the VR group when controlling for baseline measures. Both virtual reality and student-led simulation training were useful training modalities, with hands-on simulation showing better results versus virtual reality training in this setting.
Producing the Archival Body

Producing the Archival Body draws on theoretical and practical research conducted within US and Canadian archives, along with critical and cultural theory, to examine the everyday lived experiences of archivists and records creators that are often overlooked during archival and media production. Expanding on the author’s previous work, which engaged archival and queer theories to develop the Queer/ed Archival Methodology that intervenes in traditional archival practices, the book invites readers interested in humanistic inquiry to re-consider how archives are defined, understood, deployed, and accessed to produce subjects. Arguing that archives and bodies are mutually constitutive and developing a keen focus on the body and embodiment alongside archival theory, the author introduces new understandings of archival bodies. Contributing to recent disciplinary moves that offer a more transdisciplinary emphasis, Lee interrogates how power circulates and is deployed in archival contexts in order to build critical understandings of how deeply archives influence and shape the production of knowledges and human subjectivities. Producing the Archival Body will be essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of archival studies, library and information science, gender and women’s studies, anthropology, history, digital humanities, and media studies. It should also be of great interest to practitioners working in and with archives
Field-Array Benchmark of Commercial Bifacial PV Technologies with Publicly Available Data

We present results for a 75-kW field array deployed with rows of 5 different commercially available bifacial technologies. Four PERC (multi and mono) and 1 Silicon Heterojunction manufacturers are represented. Reference strings of equivalent monofacial PV modules are also installed in the 10-row field. High accuracy string-level DC monitoring and module-level measurements have been recorded for six months. Analysis indicates performance within expectation, with a cumulative model mean error within +/− 2% for both bifacial and monofacial models and cumulative bifacial energy gain between 6-9%. A custom-module to measure shading loss from the torque-tube was installed. One month data shows up to 6% irradiance non-uniformity. A fixed-tilt test-site with 3 years of bifacial data is also presented, with a bifacial gain of 3%.
Service Pattern for Premium Power Supply Based on Combination of Leasing and Property Transfer

Premium power supply service mode is an important content to promote the application of premium power supply engineering. On the basis of existing customed power technology, this paper presents a service pattern for premium power supply combining leasing and property transfer with the goal of maximizing the interests of users and investors, considering the needs of users and the governance capacity of governance devices. Three specific implementation schemes are proposed. Through empirical analysis of the costs and benefits of users and investors under the three scenarios, this paper proves the feasibility of the combination of lease and property transfer. And it is further proved that the scheme of leasing before property transfer maximizes both parties' income, which provides an optional mode for promoting the premium power supply service.
ProgPerm: Progressive permutation for a dynamic representation of the robustness of microbiome discoveries

Identification of features is a critical task in microbiome studies that is complicated by the fact that microbial data are high dimensional and heterogeneous. Masked by the complexity of the data, the problem of separating signals (differential features between groups) from noise (features that are not differential between groups) becomes challenging and troublesome. For instance, when performing differential abundance tests, multiple testing adjustments tend to be overconservative, as the probability of a type I error (false positive) increases dramatically with the large numbers of hypotheses. Moreover, the grouping effect of interest can be obscured by heterogeneity. These factors can incorrectly lead to the conclusion that there are no differences in the microbiome compositions. We translate and represent the problem of identifying differential features, which are differential in two-group comparisons (e.g., treatment versus control), as a dynamic layout of separating the signal from its random background. More specifically, we progressively permute the grouping factor labels of the microbiome samples and perform multiple differential abundance tests in each scenario. We then compare the signal strength of the most differential features from the original data with their performance in permutations, and will observe a visually apparent decreasing trend if these features are true positives identified from the data. Simulations and applications on real data show that the proposed method creates a U-curve when plotting the number of significant features versus the proportion of mixing. The shape of the U-Curve can convey the strength of the overall association between the microbiome and the grouping factor. We also define a fragility index to measure the robustness of the discoveries. Finally, we recommend the identified features by comparing p-values in the observed data with p-values in the fully mixed data. We have developed this into a user-friendly and efficient R-shiny tool with visualizations. By default, we use the Wilcoxon rank sum test to compute the p-values, since it is a robust nonparametric test. Our proposed method can also utilize p-values obtained from other testing methods, such as DESeq. This demonstrates the potential of the progressive permutation method to be extended to new settings.
Monitoring Networks with Queries Evaluated by Edge Computing

Monitoring networks requires efficiently detecting abnormal events and summarizing connection information in big volumes of packet-level data. Some of these tasks can be accomplished with network and operating system utilities, but the questions should be relatively simple and each tool is designed to provide specific analysis. Another requirement is to be able to process data both in a centralized and decentralized manner, given the diversity in instrumentation and vantage points. On the other hand, database systems can answer complex questions phrased as queries, provided data is in the right format and is quickly loaded. Having such motivation in mind, we propose to monitor a network with queries, running on a traditional DBMS (i.e. not a custom-built system programmed in C or C++). Thus, queries can be processed in a central manner in a traditional database server or in a distributed fashion, with edge computing. Our experimental evaluation shows queries can indeed be used to monitor the network with low latency and reasonable delay on a low-resource device like the Raspberry Pi. We explain some interesting findings in a local network. In addition, we show queries can be efficiently evaluated in a small computing device capturing local traffic, showing promise for distributed monitoring.
System Design and Research of Yunnan-Guangdong ±800 kV UHVDC Project

The ±800 kV ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) transmission system is an extraordinary challenge to system design and equipment manufacture.China Southern Power Grid Company(CSG) organized research and design for the construction of Yunnan-Guangdong ±800 kV UHVDC project(YG UHVDC project),and got large technical breakthroughs and advanced technologies for ±800 kV UHVDC transmission systems.These advanced technologies include power system stability,main electrical wiring,overvoltage and insulation coordination,external insulation,electromagnetic environment,control and protection,and arrangement of the main equipments.Meanwhile,CSG led the researches on specification of main equipments,such as converter valve,converter transformer,dry-type smooth reactor and others involved in the whole process management of equipment supervisions.The YG UHVDC project was put into commercial operation in 2010 as the first pilot ±800 kV UHVDC project in the world.The whole system operated in a stable and smooth manner,and the UHVDC equipment and control systems passed the test under the practical operation in CSG bulk power system,which shows that the design and research objectives were achieved.
Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

ABSTRACT Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system. Maximal surgical resection of glioblastoma in addition to temozolomide and fractionated radiation therapy provides an overall median survival of approximately 15 months. The addition of tumor-treating fields (Optune therapy) has the potential to increase median survival to 20 months, although compliance and ease of use remain an issue. Glioblastoma remains a devastating diagnosis fraught with complications. Curcumin is a yellow pigment from the rhizome of the ubiquitous and commercially available spice, turmeric (Curcuma longa). Turmeric has been long used in Indian traditional medicines and has been established as a safe food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration. There is a wealth of in vitro data suggesting that turmeric’s main active component, curcumin, has many favorable effects on glioblastoma. Curcumin has been shown to potentiate the effects of chemotherapy and radiation, decrease malignant spread, protect normal tissue from oxidative stress, and regulate many genetic targets resulting in glioblastoma cell death. Curcumin’s positive safety profile and potential therapeutic effects on glioblastoma make it a promising potential adjunct to current standard treatment regimens.
Suppression of DC-SIGN and gH Reveals Complex, Subset-Specific Mechanisms for KSHV Entry in Primary B Lymphocytes

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of multiple cancers in immunocompromised patients including two lymphoproliferative disorders associated with KSHV infection of B lymphocytes. Despite many years of research into the pathogenesis of KSHV associated diseases, basic questions related to KSHV molecular virology remain unresolved. One such unresolved question is the cellular receptors and viral glycoproteins needed for KSHV entry into primary B lymphocytes. In this study, we assess the contributions of KSHV glycoprotein H (gH) and the cellular receptor DC-SIGN to KSHV infection in tonsil-derived B lymphocytes. Our results show that (1) neither KSHV-gH nor DC-SIGN are essential for entry into any B cell subset, (2) DC-SIGN does play a role in KSHV entry into tonsil-derived B cells, but in all B cell subtypes alternative entry mechanisms exist, (3) KSHV-gH can participate in KSHV entry into centrocytes via a DC-SIGN independent entry mechanism, and (4) in the absence of KSHV-gH, DC-SIGN is required for KSHV entry into centrocytes. Our results provide a first glimpse into the complexity of KSHV entry in the lymphocyte compartment and highlight that multiple subset-dependent entry mechanisms are employed by KSHV which depend upon multiple cellular receptors and multiple KSHV glycoproteins.
Density Functionals for Energies and Eigenvalues: Local Mass Approximation

The considerable success of density functional theory (DFT) in describing the properties of molecules and solids [1] has been built on the Kohn-Sham [2] (KS) prescription for separating the energy functional into separate parts. The KS approach leads to a one-body problem in which electrons with the free electron mass move in an effective potential (which is determined self-consistently). The result is a set of dispersion relations ϵ i widely referred to as the density functional spectrum, and their associated single-particle wavefunctions ψ i . These are obtained in the process of minimizing the energy functional with respect to the density, and the density ρ and the energy E[ρ] are the fundamental properties of the many-body system that are guaranteed by the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem [3].
Consumer Evaluation of Search Advertising and Search Engine Effectiveness: The Role of Frustration

Because of search advertising’s potential for greater return on investment relative to other forms of advertising, as well as its increasing market share in online advertising, there is a great need to have a clearer understanding of search engine effectiveness (Chen et al. 2009). It is also critical to the online sellers to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines and develop search engine marketing strategies to improve the possibility of match between their offerings and the expectations of consumers (Sen 2005; Su 2008). Although negative emotions incurred during the online keyword search could have a critical influence on attitude toward the product and website, little research to date has been conducted to investigate how web searchers handle encountered frustrations (Campbell and Wright 2008). To contribute to our understanding of Internet search advertising and search engine effectiveness, the present study attempts to lay a framework by applying precepts from frustration theory.
The Eicosanoids in Cellular Signaling

When a hormone or a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the membrane of a target cells, it triggers the formation of second messengers that are responsible for translating receptor occupancy into cellular responses. For example, the binding of dopamine to D1-type receptors on neurons stimulates the activity of the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP. This second messenger, in turn, binds to and activates a specific protein kinase, protein kinase A, which phos-phorylates select intracellular proteins. Phosphorylation modifies the biological activity of these proteins and forms the basis for many physiological effects of dopamine in the central nervous system.1
Rehabilitation Tax Credits and Rate of Return on Real Estate under Recent Tax Reform Measures

The preservation of historic properties has been a stated national goal since the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966; tax legislation in 1976 and 1981 encouraged rehabilitation of older buildings through special incentives, including a 20% investment tax credit for buildings at least forty years old. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 significantly changed tax incentives with respect to real estate investments. This article examines possible effects of this most recent tax legislation upon returns, with special emphasis upon non-historic rehabilitation projects for buildings placed in service prior to 1936.
"Give me some sugar!" the diabetes self-management activities of African-American primary caregiving grandmothers.

Purpose: To compare the diabetes self-management activities of African American primary caregiving grandmothers before and after the initiation of caregiving and to compare the diabetes self-management activities of African American primary caregiving grandmothers to diabetic women who were not caring for their grandchildren. Design: Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, 68 African American women 55 to 75 years of age were recruited as part of a larger study examining the impact of caregiving responsibilities on the diabetic health of African American primary caregiving grandmothers. Each participant was asked the frequency of their performance of six self-management activities. Caregiving grandmothers were asked about these activities before and after the initiation of caregiving. Results: Dependent and independent t-tests with Bonferroni correction were used to analyze the data. Statistically significant differences were noted in diet (t=4.400, p=.000) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG; t=3.484, p=.001) before and after the initiation of caregiving. For the caregiver versus non-caregiver comparison, statistically significant differences were noted in SMBG (t=−3.855, p=.000) and eye examinations (t=−3.211, p=.001). Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary data to support further research examining the self-management activities of diabetic African American primary caregiving grandmothers. Diabetic African American primary caregiving grandmothers may have a decreased ability to integrate self-management activities into their daily patterns of living. Additional research is needed to determine what factors prevent this population from performing these tasks routinely. Clinical Relevance: African American primary caregiving grandmothers were found to have more difficulty performing some of their self-management activities, which may severely impact their overall diabetic health.
Simulating numerically controlled machining in parallel

Several parallel algorithms for simulating numerically controlled machining are presented. Various implementations of these algorithms on the Connection Machine are discussed. These experiments provide information about the various performance tradeoffs involved in writing programs for the Connection Machine. They also show that this particular problem is well suited to parallel solutions, since the algorithms run much faster than previous sequential algorithms. >
Metrics to Evaluate R&d Groups

We describe the results of in-depth qualitative interviews with Chief Executive Officers, Chief Technical Officers, and researchers at ten large research-intensive organizations. In these interviews we explored how these organizations measure success in the RD later phases of our research will evaluate these beliefs from the perspectives of history and theory. The paper is structured as follows. We provide a brief description of the sample and our methods. We then describe a tiered perspective on the R&D mission and within that structure describe the role of customers, managers, and corporate investment. We describe the metrics that firms use and relate those metrics to motivation and incentives. We close with a set of suggested research directions for the continuation of this research stream.
La ocasión vive de colores

Un violin para Chagall. Juan Manuel Roca. Editorial del libro resenado: Ediciones Catapulta, Bogota, 2003, 54 pags.
Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia in One Human Leukocyte Antigen Identical Twin

Extrahepatic biliary atresia is a neonatal disorder of unknown etiology that occurs approximately once in every 10,000 births. The absence of biliary atresia in stillborn infants suggests an acquired cause for this malformation. The nature of its occurrence in twins clearly would be helpful in gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis of biliary atresia. Only three reports of biliary atresia in twins have appeared in the literature. In two reports, biliary atresia occurred in only one of nonidentical twins. 1,2 In one report, in the Russian literature, biliary atresia occurred in both twins of unknown zygosity. 3 We now report the occurrence of operatively established extrahepatic biliary atresia in only one HLA identical twin.
An Introduction to Automated Trust Establishment

The last decade of improvement in service offerings over the Internet offers the hope that many kinds of sensitive interactions between strangers can be carried out electronically, without requiring physical transmission of paper credentials to establish trust. In this short paper, I describe one way of converting the current paper-based approach to establishing trust into an electronic approach that minimizes human intervention. I also describe the theoretical and systems issues that are raised by this approach. 1 What kinds of sensitive interactions do we want to accomplish electronically? Last weekend I bought twelve shirts for my husband at a going-out-of-business sale. The lady behind the counter took my credit card, looked at the hologram on the front of the card, ran the card through her scanner, and waited while the computer behind the scanner checked to see that the card had not been revoked and that sufficient credit was available for me to buy all those shirts. Then the cash register printed out a receipt, which I signed. The lady behind the counter compared my signature to the signature on the back of the credit card. After a long pause, she said dubiously, “I guess they’re the same.” In this manner, we two strangers carried out a face-to-face business transaction. The system we used is far from perfect, as it is vulnerable to attack at several points along the line. For example, credit cards can be forged (hence the hologram), stolen (hence the automatic phone call to a remote center to check for revocation, the example signature on the back, and the signature comparison), or expired (hence the automatic check for expiration). My privacy is not well served by the system, since the credit card company knows about all my purchases and likes to sell that information to third parties. Still, with all its weaknesses, the system seems to work fairly well. I would like to see the same ease of interaction between strangers on line, when they come together to carry out a transaction. In this case, the interaction could be between an individual and (a representative of) an organization, as in my previous example; or it could be between two individuals, or two organizations. The scenario could involve an ordinary purchase, as in the example above; participation in an on-line auction; a request to access medical records, military data pertinent to a joint exercise, or any other kinds of sensitive documents; registration for school, for a voters’ card, library card, marriage license, visa,
An analog storage cell with 5e/sup -//sec leakage

The voltage droop rate of capacitive analog storage cells is typically limited by the off state leakage of a single MOS switch. Past low-leakage switch designs have assumed that subthreshold conduction and drain-to-bulk diode leakage dominate other effects. However, recent measurements of MOS leakage in a 1.5/spl mu/m CMOS process have revealed a third important mechanism that can contribute significant leakage. It has been shown that incorporating a novel MOS switch topology into a high-accuracy switched-capacitor storage cell can minimize all of the experimentally observed leakages, achieving 10aA average leakage in a 1.5/spl mu/m process. This paper presents new experimental data from cells fabricated in a 0.5pm process that exhibit 0.8aA (5e/sup -//sec) average leakage, a 100/spl times/ reduction over the leading alternative cell in the literature. This implies that with a 1pF storage capacitor and a 3.3V supply, this cell can store a 12-bit accurate voltage for 14.5 minutes and an 8-bit accurate voltage for 3.9 hours. The leakage reduction between the 1.5/spl mu/m and 0.5/spl mu/m implementations appears to be reasonable based on simple scaling arguments.
Development of a Pneumatic Spreading System for Kevlar-Based Sic-Precursor Carbon Fibre Tows:

A novel spreading system based upon the Venturi principle was designed and constructed. The system was used to spread Kevlar-based carbon fibres and to maintain that spread for sufficient time to facilitate chemical vapour deposition of an SiC coating. The Kevlar-based carbon fibres were shown to possess excellent thermal stability and a combination of properties that make them an ideal silicon carbide precursor fibre. Through a combination of pinch-rollers and two distinct axial Venturi spreaders, a highly chaotic and effective spread was achieved and maintained. This work provides a novel process for producing potentially excellent silicon carbide precursor fibres as well as providing a novel use for a high-performance polymer.
Valuing Beach Recreation Lost in Environmental Accidents

This paper reviews methods that can be used to estimate the loss in use value associated with saltwater beach recreation in the case of an environmental accident, such as an oil spill. Particular attention is focused on methods for verifying beach attendance data and on transferring benefit estimates from other locales. The paper first reviews methods for estimating what reported attendance might have been had the accident not occurred. The next issue considered is how to verify reported attendance data and how to correct it when systematic inaccuracies are found. The paper then turns to the question of valuing a beach visit and reviews the relevant empirical literature.
Press Forging Of Lenses For Infrared Optical Systems

A cost effective method for fabricating lenses for infrared optical systems has been developed. The method involves press forging of halide single crystals to produce a finished lens, without need for polishing. In particular we have used the press forging approach to fabricate a KBr color corrector lens. The lens is plano-concave and was designed for use in a forward looking infrared (FLIR) imager module. A KBr single crystal is deformed by forging using a two step process in helium atmosphere at 4000 psi. The first step deforms the crystal 60% and is done at 250°C. This forging is shaped and water polished. The second forging produces a final optical surface finish and figure. The finished optical surfaces are replicated from pyrex dies at 225°C. The finished lens is optically and mechanically centered prior to testing. The surface figures of the optical surfaces are complicated but a double pass transmission test shows the wavefront distortion to be typically about 1 λ at 0.6328pm. Two wavelength holography and a shearing plate optical test both predict acceptable performance at 8-12μm.*
Oxidative biotransformation of oxazepam to reactive and nonreactive products in rat, mouse and human microsomes.

1 The oxidative metabolism of oxazepam by human, B6C3F1 mouse and F344 rat microsomes was examined. The major metabolite in all three species was 6-chloro-4-phenyl-2(1H)-quinazolinecarboxylic acid (CPQ-carboxylic acid). In addition, rat microsomes produced 4'-hydroxyoxazepam and oxazepam-dihydrodiol in NADPH-containing incubations. 2 Covalent protein adducts were increased by the addition of NADPH to rat and mouse microsomes but not human microsomes. The magnitude of adduct formation was rats > mice > humans. 3 Formation of oxazepam-dihydrodiol was reduced by the addition of cyclohexene oxide and GSH to the incubations. Two additional metabolites were produced under these conditions. One of these was tentatively identified as a GSH conjugate. Covalent adduct formation was unaffected by GSH or cyclohexene oxide. 4 These results suggest that adduct formation occurred via an unknown reactive product rather than via oxazepam-epoxide, and that the relative rates of oxidative metabolism in vitro parallel that in vivo for the three species examined.
Separation and prolongation of viability of human lymphocytes for tissue typing. Evaluation of a technic.

A system is described whereby human lymphocyte suspensions can be isolated from defibrinated blood so that they retain more than 85 per cent viability consistently for 14 days. Such lymphocytes are fully reactive in the lymphocytotoxicity test for HL-A antigens and can be shipped through the mails.
Medical workforce planning and medical education. Attaining consensus.

THE CANADIAN province of Ontario announced in late April 1993 its plans for a 75% pay cut for newly certified physicians in several specialties 1 to discourage excessive numbers in areas of oversupply, then reduced the recommended cut to 25%. This extreme shift is emblematic of patterns in many countries, where inadequate forecasting techniques and overly centralized interventions have led to changes or even reversals in recommendations that attempt to balance the number and mix of health care providers with population needs. Whether the forecasting shifts accompanied medical workforce planning or a free market system, they have wasted personal and institutional resources. The United Kingdom, for example, projected shortages of physicians in 1944 and 1968, yet identified surpluses in 1957, 1978, and 1985. 2 Subsequent planning activities affected the development of new schools, the intake of students, and the availability of graduate medical education. The Todd report 3 on medical
Moving Open Access to Open Source: Transitioning an Open-Access Journal into the Open Journal Systems Journal Management System

From 1994 to 2008, the University of Idaho Library published the Electronic Green Journal, a peer-reviewed, cross-disciplinary, open-access journal on environmental issues. In 2007 the editorial board decided to transition the journal into the Open Journal Systems open-source journal-management system. The new system had to be customized, back issues had to be imported, and the editorial board had to be trained on the new system. By describing the successes and setbacks encountered during this transition, this article provides practical information on both creating and maintaining an open-access journal using a journal-management system.
Volatile emissions during thermoplastics processing—a review

Types and amounts of volatiles emitted during thermoplastics processing depend upon the chemical structure of the material and the choice of processing conditions. The identification of volatiles and the development of analytical techniques for measuring their concentration in the workplace are of paramount importance to establish or revise threshold limit values that would minimize exposure to hazardous chemical substances and lead to corrective action. In this review, information related to the types of volatiles emanating from injection molding machines and extruders as well as analytical methods for their measurement was collected, analyzed, and tabulated. Emphasis was placed on the four major commodity plastics, viz., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS). Although the main emphasis is on emissions during processing, related literature under simulated conditions is also mentioned. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Superconductivity of AuSn eutectic solder

Abstract AuSn solder at the eutectic concentration is probably not well-suited for thermal contact at temperatures
Revolutions in the Earth Sciences: Continental Drift, Impact and other Catastrophes

This is the story of changing paradigms, regarding the understanding of our planet and its position in space – of geocentric and heliocentric views, but mainly in the earth sciences, over the last several centuries. This is also the story of the revolutionaries –Copernicus, Lyell, Hutton, Van Hoff, Wegener and Du Toit, Dietz and Hess, and finally Shoemaker. It is the story that begins with the Babylonian geocentric but flat worldview, moves on to the heliocentric perspective of the Greek philosopher Aristarch, via the geocentric dogma of the pre-Copernican Middle Ages and Copernicus’ revision, to the Cataclysm Theory, and then the beginning of Modern Geology in the form of gradualism and actualism, to continental drift that spawned plate tectonics, and finally to Planetary Science. This new view of the universe includes what I would like to call the New Catastrophism, incorporating the catastrophic forces of the important natural catastrophic processes affecting this planet. The nature of impact cratering as a fundamental universal process and the tools for the recognition of impact structures will be examined, and the role of this process since beginning of accretion and planet formation, and leading to the question whether past impact catastrophes have, at times, spurned major mass extinctions in Earth’s biological record. This paper addresses Africa’s impact crater record and the stratigraphic record of impact cratering, and examines both the challenge that humanity is experiencing from huge extraterrestrial bolides and the benefits that impact has brought. In the end, the conclusion is derived that an integrated geoscientific and planetological science approach has resulted in new tools to address the ultimate questions of Earth’s – and our – past and future.
Uptake of 2009 H1N1 vaccine among adolescent females

Background. The public health response to the threat of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus during the 2009–2010 influenza season was extensive. To better understand the lower than expected vaccine uptake, we aimed to characterize correlates of 2009 H1N1 vaccination among adolescent females in the U.S. and examine accessibility of the vaccine to parents. Methods. We collected data from a national sample of mothers of adolescent females ages 11-14 years (n=944) during December 2009 using an online survey. Results. Overall, 22% (221/944) of mothers indicated their daughters had received 2009 H1N1 vaccine. H1N1 vaccination was higher among daughters who had received 2009 seasonal influenza vaccine (49% vs. 11%, OR=7.00, 95% CI: 4.18–11.73) or whose mothers expressed higher trust in their daughters’ healthcare providers (26% vs. 11%, OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.10–4.73). Among mothers of unvaccinated daughters, 20% (150/723) indicated they wanted to get their daughters 2009 H1N1 vaccine but were unable to. Vaccination a...
The periglabellar flap for closure of central forehead defects.

Background: Central forehead defects are difficult for the plastic surgeon. Constraints include tissue match, hair-bearing scalp, proximity of eyelids and eyebrows, and a cosmetically prominent location. Tissue expansion requires multiple operations and weeks of expansion. Local flaps result in added scars to the cosmetically sensitive forehead region. However, the forehead also provides consistent patterns of rhytides that can be used to camouflage local flap scars. This article describes a local flap for reconstructing central forehead skin defects that achieves tissue coverage with a cosmetically appealing result. Methods: Six patients with central forehead cutaneous malignancies were reviewed; their defects were too large to close primarily. The defects were closed using bilateral periglabellar local advancement flaps with Burow's triangles, with scars in the natural skin creases of the aging forehead. The superior triangles were oriented horizontally, which placed incisions within the frontalis muscle forehead creases. The inferior triangles were oriented obliquely within skin creases of the corrugator muscles. Central vertical incisions remained and blended inconspicuously into the aging forehead. Results: Five patients with central forehead melanomas and one patient with Mohs' defects after excision of basal cell carcinoma were referred by their dermatologists (age range, 60 to 83 years; mean, 72 years). Defects ranged from 2.1 to 5.3 cm in greatest diameter (mean, 3.7 cm). All were closed with the periglabellar flap. One minor complication of hematoma was treated with aspiration in the office. All six patients were satisfied with the results of their reconstruction. Conclusion: For central forehead skin defects up to 5 cm in diameter, the periglabellar flap offers a reconstructive option that uses local tissue and hides scars within natural forehead wrinkles, providing an aesthetically pleasing result.
Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery for the placement of an adjustable gastric band: a large cohort comparison.

Abstract Background Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery has been shown to be a well-tolerated alternative for the placement of an adjustable gastric band. To date, only small series have suggested that this approach may provide potential clinical benefits over standard multiport laparoscopy. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing LESS adjustable gastric banding (LESS-AGB) and a cohort of patients undergoing standard multiport laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Methods A total of 206 patients underwent placement of an adjustable gastric band. Of these, 106 patients underwent LESS-AGB and were compared with a demographically similar cohort of 100 patients who underwent standard LAGB. Data collected included operative time, parenteral and oral narcotic consumption, duration of patient controlled analgesia (PCA) device, subjective pain scores using the 0–10 numeric pain intensity scale, and length of stay. Unpaired t test was used for analysis. Results Compared with multiport LAGB patients, LESS-AGB patients reported significantly less pain at the first postoperative hour ( P = .012), twelfth postoperative hour ( P = .017), and twenty-fourth postoperative hour ( P = .012), and consumed fewer oral analgesic tablets ( P = .012). Operative times were significantly longer in the LESS-AGB group ( P = .029). No significant differences were seen in duration of PCA, parenteral narcotic consumption, or length of stay. One LESS-AGB case required conversion to multiport laparoscopy. Complication rates were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion LESS-AGB is associated with less pain and less oral analgesic consumption than multiport LAGB. Given these clinical advantages and superior cosmetic results, laparoendoscopic single-site surgery may be an attractive alternative approach for patients considering LAGB. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013;0;000–00.) © 2013 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
Effect of addition of zeolite to iron-based activated-carbon-supported catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in separate beds and mixed beds

Abstract In-reactor upgrading of the products of Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactions using synthesis gas was studied by adding zeolite ZSM-5 to a supported iron-based FT catalyst. The effects of ZSM-5 amounts and bed arrangements on the product distribution were investigated. Product profiles were analyzed for changing the ZSM-5 weight from 50 to 200% of the FTS amount. Oligomerization, aromatization, isomerization, and cracking reactions are enhanced with increasing ZSM-5 weight. The base catalyst showed no selectivity toward aromatic compounds, but addition of ZSM-5 formed C7–10 aromatic compounds. Long-chain hydrocarbon molecules (C13+) formed by the base catalyst are effectively cracked, and the products are isomerized on the ZSM-5 catalyst surface. Two catalyst-bed configurations were used: separate-bed and mixed-bed. Both arrangements show conversion of alcohols to hydrocarbons and water. The separate-bed arrangement gave higher conversions of CO and H2, and higher yields of liquid hydrocarbons. The relative decline in FT activity for the mixed bed is probably due to metal migration from FT catalyst to ZSM-5, as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the spent ZSM-5. The maximum amount of i-C5–12 plus aromatics (a measure of high-octane gasoline-range hydrocarbons) is formed in the separate bed using equal amounts of zeolite and base catalyst.
Tracing the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking

The author discusses spontaneous symmetry breaking. It has been understood for the last twenty-five years or so that any sort of spontaneous symmetry breaking requires the existence of bosons of zero helicity. Originally this took the form of a theorem. The theorem said that the breaking of a symmetry requires the existence of massless spin zero bosons. This theorem only applies to symmetries that are global, i.e., where the action of the symmetry is the same at all points in space-time. One example is the group of chiral symmetries, which act on quarks and give rise to the pion as the massless particle, at least in the limit when the quark masses go to zero.
Modeling Supply Response in a Multiproduct Framework

The paper models multiproduct supply response in agriculture and tests key assumptions traditionally maintained in supply response studies. The technology is approximated by a restricted profit function. The properties of the restricted profit function are imposed during estimation. The hypothesis that maintains the existence of output price and quantity indexes that satisfy the adding-up property is rejected. The existence of individual production functions for each output is also rejected. Unless joint production is permitted, the estimates of responsiveness of a particular commodity to changes in own price or prices of competing outputs are likely to be considerably understated.
Brief Therapy and Family/Couple Therapy: An Essential Redundancy

“Brief” therapy and “family/couple” therapy are largely overlapping and redundant. Although there are almost no family/couple therapies that explicitly set time limits on treatment as a matter of course, the four central technical factors of brief therapy almost inevitably lead to therapeutic brevity in systems-oriented treatment. In this paper I emphasize that family/couple therapists tend to adhere to the dominant treatment values of brief individual therapists and set out the therapeutic values among family/couple therapists that increase the likelihood of most family/couple therapy being brief. Finally, I propose that families' and therapists' expectations about the length of treatment serve an important role in establishing the therapeutic alliance. The empirical study of the components of such expectations, and discrepancies in such expectations between therapists and families, may provide a fruitful approach for optimizing the therapeutic alliance and thus positively influencing treatment outcomes.
Severe regurgitation immediately after replacement of a dysfunctional bioprosthesis in the mitral valve position

Severe regurgitation immediately after replacement of a cardiac valve with a mechanical prosthesis or a bioprosthesis is a rare occurrence. Such, however, was the case in the patient described.
Numerical calculations in elementary quantum mechanics using Feynman path integrals

Abstract We show that it is possible to do numerical calculations in elementary quantum mechanics using Feynman path integrals. Our method involves discretizing both time and space, and summing paths through matrix multiplication. We give numerical fesults for various one-dimensional potentials. The calculations of energy levels and wavefunctions take approximately 100 times longer than with standard methods, but there are other problems for which such an approach should be more efficient.
The inguinal hernia: not always straightforward, not always a hernia

Abstract Swelling in the groin may represent much more than an inguinal hernia and an inguinal hernia may be much more complicated than it seems upon superficial consideration. Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal hemorrhage as well as many other congenital, inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic processes occurring either locally or at distance from the groin may present in the groin, simulating a hernia, or within an inguinal hernia sac itself. Delayed and spontaneous rupture of the spleen are not rare occurrences. The case discussed, an episode of delayed rupture of the spleen presenting as blood within an inguinal hernia sac, serves to emphasize that following a complete clinical evaluation many entities other than simple inguinal hernia must be considered if a thorough differential diagnosis of a groin mass is to be developed.