cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO internal excitation in the photodissociation of Cr(CO)6 at 278 nm

Abstract Time-resolved infrared diode laser spectroscopy has been used to probe CO internal excitation in the photodissociation of Cr(CO) 6 at 278 nm. At the high fluence level of these experiments, CO state distributions are not consistent with a statistical model of single-photon absorption. A simple Franck—Condon treatment, assuming multiphoton absorption into a dissociative continuum, qualitatively describes the observed CO vibrational distribution.
Biofilms and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar resistance to killing by antimicrobials.

Biofilms are considered to be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Strictly speaking, this is not the case—biofilms do not grow in the presence of antimicrobials any better than do planktonic cells. Biofilms are indeed highly resistant to killing by bactericidal antimicrobials, compared to logarithmic-phase planktonic cells, and therefore exhibit tolerance. It is assumed that biofilms are also significantly more tolerant than stationary-phase planktonic cells. A detailed comparative examination of tolerance of biofilms versus stationary- and logarithmic-phase planktonic cells with four different antimicrobial agents was performed in this study. Carbenicillin appeared to be completely ineffective against both stationary-phase cells and biofilms. Killing by this β-lactam antibiotic depends on rapid growth, and this result confirms the notion of slow-growing biofilms resembling the stationary state. Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that kills nongrowing cells, and biofilms and stationary-phase cells were comparably tolerant to this antibiotic. The majority of cells in both populations were eradicated at low levels of ofloxacin, leaving a fraction of essentially invulnerable persisters. The bulk of the population in both biofilm and stationary-phase cultures was tolerant to tobramycin. At very high tobramycin concentrations, a fraction of persister cells became apparent in stationary-phase culture. Stationary-phase cells were more tolerant to the biocide peracetic acid than were biofilms. In general, stationary-phase cells were somewhat more tolerant than biofilms in all of the cases examined. We concluded that, at least for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the model organisms for biofilm studies, the notion that biofilms have greater resistance than do planktonic cells is unwarranted. We further suggest that tolerance to antibiotics in stationary-phase or biofilm cultures is largely dependent on the presence of persister cells.
Ab initio calculations of potential energy curves of Hg2 and TlHg

Potential energy curves for electronic states of Hg2 and TlHg are presented and analyzed. They are derived using large scale configuration interaction procedures for the valence electrons, with the core electrons represented by ab initio relativistic effective potentials. The effect of spin‐orbit coupling are investigated for the low‐lying excimer states. It is determined that neither system possesses strongly bound electronic states for which transitions to the repulsive ground states are optically allowed.
Multidimensional path integral calculations with quasiadiabatic propagators : quantum dynamics of vibrational relaxation in linear hydrocarbon chains

This paper presents the first application of a new method for multidimensional real time quantum dynamics described in a previous Letter [Chem. Phys. Lett. 193, 435 (1992)]. The key feature of the method is the use of an improved zeroth order representation in the Feynman propagator, which allows large time steps in the path integral. Use of the adiabatic approximation in the case of a system coupled to a harmonic bath leads to a path integral over the system coordinate with a one‐dimensional propagator which is constructed numerically and which corresponds to dynamics along the adiabatic path, and with a nonlocal influence functional that accounts for nonadiabatic effects. We have performed accurate quantum mechanical calculations on the dynamics of CH overtone relaxation in linear hydrocarbon chains by direct numerical evaluation of the path integral in the quasiadiabatic representation. Converged results for the survival probability of the υ=5 and υ=8 states of HC6 are reported up to five vibrational periods of the CH stretch and compared to those obtained from standard classical and semiclassical simulations.
Antiarrhythmic treatment: An overview

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias cause significant morbidity and mortality. Abnormalities of impulse generation, e.g., abnormal automaticity or triggered activity, or abnormalities of impulse conduction, e.g., atrioventricular block or reentry, are the prime mechanisms of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. The ventricular arrhythmias are of special interest because they are a key element in sudden cardiac death, the number 1 public health problem in the U.S. Electrocardiographic recording or provocative testing, e.g., exercise or programmed ventricular stimulation, are used to detect and classify ventricular arrhythmias. Drugs with different mechanisms of action are being rapidly developed to combat cardiac arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias can be defined as benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Benign ventricular arrhythmias require no drug treatment; potentially malignant arrhythmias are subject to drug prophylaxis; and the malignant ventricular arrhythmias require aggressive therapy with drugs, surgery or electronic devices. The management of the malignant ventricular arrhythmias should be evaluated by 1 of 2 programmatic approaches: electrophysiologic or Holter/exercise. Both are complex, costly and inconvenient, but both are excellent for identifying effective treatment for malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Contour-tone spreading and tone sandhi in Danyang Chinese

An important contribution to our knowledge of tone sandhi among the Chinese dialects is Lu's (1980) article on the tones and tone sandhi behaviour of Danyang, a Wu dialect of Chinese. Lu's description of Danyang is, to date, our only source on the dialect. While it is a northern Wu dialect, the tone sandhi patterning in Danyang differs from Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi and other dialects in the vicinity. There are a number of interesting problems related to tone in the dialect. This paper restricts the topic to only one of these problems, namely the treatment of the six basic tone patterns in Danyang, focusing in particular on the pattern in which a contour tone is copied Onto adjacent syllables in the tone sandhi domain.
Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Models and Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Deficits: Implication of Muscle Proteins in Inner Ear Function

Muscular Dystrophy Mouse Models and Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Deficits: Implication of Muscle Proteins in Inner Ear Function
Observed parameters of 0 type stars

A review is made of the determinations of the effective temperature, luminosity and masses of 0 type stars. This also involves the status of the comparison of the observations with non-LTE plane-parallel models, which can then be used to derive other parameters about the stars. For most 0 type stars, there seems to be good understanding of the temperature scale and overall comparison to models. For a significant minority, the Of stars and supergiants, there are still uncertainties in the models due to the necessity of including spherical geometry effects and stellar wind dynamics.
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Glycoprotein B Cytoplasmic C-Terminal Tail Domain Regulates the Energy Requirement for EBV-Induced Membrane Fusion

The entry of enveloped viruses into host cells is preceded by membrane fusion, which in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is thought to be mediated by the refolding of glycoprotein B (gB) from a prefusion to a postfusion state. In our current studies, we characterized a gB C-terminal tail domain (CTD) mutant truncated at amino acid 843 (gB843). This truncation mutant is hyperfusogenic as monitored by syncytium formation and in a quantitative fusion assay and is dependent on gH/gL for fusion activity. gB843 can rescue the fusion function of other glycoprotein mutants that have null or decreased fusion activity in epithelial and B cells. In addition, gB843 requires less gp42 and gH/gL for fusion, and can function in fusion at a lower temperature than wild-type gB, indicating a lower energy requirement for fusion activation. Since a key step in fusion is the conversion of gB from a prefusion to an active postfusion state by gH/gL, gB843 may access this activated gB state more readily. Our studies indicate that the gB CTD may participate in the fusion function by maintaining gB in an inactive prefusion form prior to activation by receptor binding. Importance: Diseases resulting from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans range from the fairly benign disease infectious mononucleosis to life-threatening cancer. As an enveloped virus, EBV must fuse with a host cell membrane for entry and infection by using glycoproteins gH/gL, gB, and gp42. Among these glycoproteins, gB is thought to be the protein that executes fusion. To further characterize the function of the EBV gB cytoplasmic C-terminal tail domain (CTD) in fusion, we used a previously constructed CTD truncation mutant and studied its fusion activity in the context of other EBV glycoprotein mutants. From these studies, we find that the gB CTD regulates fusion by altering the energy requirements for the triggering of fusion mediated by gH/gL or gp42. Overall, our studies may lead to a better understanding of EBV fusion and entry, which may result in novel therapies that target the EBV entry step.
Sex differences in lipid metabolism during reproduction in free-living tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus).

Understanding the relationship between energy metabolism and signals that regulate reproduction may provide insight into the coordination of the energetically costly behavioral and physiological events that occur during reproduction. Significant changes in the utilization of stored lipids may occur during reproduction and the patterns of utilization observed often differ between females and males. Changes in levels of stored lipid reserves have been described extensively in animals from many taxa, but detailed biochemical analyses of alterations in the enzymes and substrates regulating lipid metabolism during periods of active reproductive effort rarely have been performed. In addition, few studies have compared males and females from the same population during the same reproductive season. In this study we examined lipid metabolism in free-living female and male tree lizards across a single reproductive season. We measured lipid stores, circulating lipid substrates, and the activities of enzymes regulating lipid storage and release in both liver and adipose tissue. Overall, females and males showed significant variation in abdominal fat body mass, liver total lipid, the activity of an enzyme regulating fat storage (DGAT) in both of these tissues, and circulating free fatty acids across the reproductive season. In females, total fat body mass, adipose DGAT, liver lipid, and liver DGAT significantly varied across reproductive stage, with vitellogenic and Gravid females often at opposite extremes. In males, fat body mass and liver fat varied across reproductive stage (without significant variation in DGAT in either tissue), as did circulating glycerol and free fatty acids. Correlations among sex steroid hormone levels and lipid metabolism variables suggested a role for these hormones in producing the patterns observed in each sex and in the observed sex differences lipid metabolism.
Amino acid composition and the amino terminal end groups of the α- and β-chains of four Lemur hemoglobins

Abstract The α and β-chains of the hemoglobin from four different species of lemur ( Lemur fulvus, Lemur catta, Lemur variegatus , and Propithecus verreauxi ) have been separated by countercurrent distribution. The amino acid composition of each purified chain has been determined. Amino-terminal end group analysis reveals valine as the terminal residue in α-chains and threonine as the terminal residue in the β-chains.
Two and three body equations in quantum field models

In each pure phase of a ℘(φ)2 quantum field model, we establish local regularity of the Green's functions and exponential decay for noncritical models. We establish the existence of two-particle and three-particle Bethe-Salpeter kernels in the Euclidean region.
Complete high-precision entropic sampling.

Monte Carlo simulations using entropic sampling to estimate the number of configurations of a given energy are a valuable alternative to traditional methods. We introduce tomographic entropic sampling, a scheme which uses multiple studies, starting from different regions of configuration space, to yield precise estimates of the number of configurations over the full range of energies, without dividing the latter into subsets or windows. Applied to the Ising model on the square lattice, the method yields the critical temperature to an accuracy of about $0.01%$, and critical exponents to $1%$ or better. Predictions for system sizes $L=10$--160, for the temperature of the specific heat maximum, and of the specific heat at the critical temperature, are in very close agreement with exact results. For the Ising model on the simple cubic lattice the critical temperature is given to within $0.003%$ of the best available estimate; the exponent ratios $\ensuremath{\beta}/\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}/\ensuremath{\nu}$ are given to within about $0.04%$ and $1%$, respectively, of the literature values. In both two and three dimensions, results for the antiferromagnetic critical point are fully consistent with those of the ferromagnetic transition. Application to the lattice gas with nearest-neighbor exclusion on the square lattice again yields the critical chemical potential and exponent ratios $\ensuremath{\beta}/\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}/\ensuremath{\nu}$ to good precision.
Regulation of interleukin-10 gene expression in macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells.

Apoptosis and the rapid clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by professional or nonprofessional phagocytes are normal and coordinated processes that ensure controlled cell growth and stress response with nonpathological outcomes. Uptake of ACs by phagocytes is thought to suppress autoimmune responses through the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. The production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by phagocytes is highly regulated as part of an intrinsic mechanism to prevent inflammatory and autoimmune reactions in a physiological state. Production of IL-10 by phagocytes during clearance of ACs is critical to ensuring cellular homeostasis and suppression of autoimmunity. The molecular mechanism whereby IL-10 production is induced by ACs is only beginning to be understood. This review summarizes our recent work in this aspect of an essential physiological and homeostatic process.
Self-consistent-field studies of core-level shifts in ionic crystals: LiF

Restricted-Hartree-Fock, self-consistent-field calculations have been performed for the ground and ionic states of clusters of lithium and fluorine atoms. These clusters are appropriately charged to represent an ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ionic crystal and point charges are used to represent the Madelung field due to ions not explicitly included in the cluster. Factors giving rise to core- and valence-level binding-energy shifts have been examined and separated into compressional, relaxational, and effective Madelung contributions. Many tests of ionicity are shown to be well satisfied, although this is often caused by fortuitous cancellations. Extra-ionic relaxation energies on both the cation and anion are shown to be small, and shakeup probabilities are calculated.
Carbon dioxide gasification of carbon black: Isotope study of carbonate catalysis

Temperature-programmed reaction was used with labeled isotopes (/sup 13/C and /sup 18/O) to study interactions between carbon black and potassium carbonate in pure He and 10% CO/sub 2//90% He atmospheres. Catalytic gasification precursor complexes were observed. Carbon and oxygen-bearing carbon surface groups interacted with the carbonate above 500 K to form surface complexes. Between 500 and 950 K, and in the presence of gaseous CO/sub 2/, the complexes participated in C and O exchange with the gas phase while oxygen atoms within the complexes also exchanged with those on the carbon surface. As the temperature rose, the complexes decomposed, with CO/sub 2/ the initial product. Decomposition started around 500 K in pure He, and around 950 K in CO/sub 2//He. Catalytic gasification began only after decomposition of significant portions of the complexes. Elemental potassium formed, and the active catalyst appears to alternate between being potassium metal and a potassium-oxygen-carbon complex. Potassium carbonate is not part of the catalytic cycle. 20 references, 10 figures.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopic study of the surface of ceria abrasives

Abstract Surfaces of ceria (CeO 2 ) particles have been studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a field-emission gun scanning transmission electron microscope. All the ceria particles analyzed contained Ce 3+ at the surface. Rare-earth impurities such as La were enriched at the surface and were observed for particles ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers in size. Fluorine in the abrasives corresponded to a lower average cerium valence. Time series investigations indicate that fluorine substitutes on the oxygen sub-lattice and is charge-balanced by some cerium changing from Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ .
Emerging technologies from the Human Genome Project for understanding susceptibility and risk

The new technologies from the Human Genome Program provide exceptional opportunities for surveying and measuring human exposure, as well as determining susceptibility on an individual-by-individual basis. These new technologies will soon enable rapid screening of populations at risk, as well as the broader public, for a variety of genes known to be associated with increased risk. These include specific oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair enzymes. Use of these technologies also presents a number of ethical issues, both in screening and in use of the information about individuals. Overall, the use of rapid genotyping technologies will introduce a specificity and possible group identifiers that will present new challenges to the determination of risk within the EPA mandate.
Variation in lactation yield of milk constituents.

Abstract The lactation production of milk, milk fat, solids-not-fat (SNF), and total solids from cows of six breeds in seven Midwest states was used to investigate gross environmental effects on these traits and to consider correlated responses due to selection for a single trait. The average lactation production of all constituents was higher for cows calving in the winter than for cows calving in the summer. Cows calving in August and September had the highest lactation average percentages, and those calving in early spring had the lowest. Lactation yields of most constituents are correlated, both phenotypically and genetically. Selection for any single trait is expected to produce changes in this and other traits. Selection for milk production only would be expected to cause substantial increase in milk fat, SNF, and total solids production, with slight decreases in the percentages of the latter three constituents.
The surgical repair of endocardial cushion defects.

he incidence of endocardial cushion defects in a surgical series is not high. In our series of more than 1,300 open-heart operations T for congenital cardiac defects, this anomaly has been encountered 39 times. The surgical repair of these defects is attended by a significant mortality rate-26% of 256 cases as reported by the Committee on Cardiovascular Surgery of the American College of Chest Physicians [Z]. The problems of persisting mitral valvular incompetence [ 1, 10, 171 and surgical heart block [Z, 6-81 continue to be a challenge to the cardiac surgeon, as does the quest for completely satisfactory operative techniques to repair the more severe forms of endocardial cushion defects. This report analyzes our experience with the 39 cases of endocardial cushion ,defects that we have operated upon.
Nernst-planck analog equations and stationary state membrane electric potentials

A set of coupled nonlinear differential equations, determining the concentration profiles and electric potentials valid for isothermal transport of ions and molecules across a diffusion barrier are formulated, using a correction to the limiting expression for chemical potential gradients and the molecular expression for frictional force. These differential equations are similar to Nernst-Planck equations and reduce to these under appropriate approximations. Solutions of these equations valid under specified conditions are presented. Expressions for permeability, concentration profiles of many ion systems are included.
Guidance and control for cooperative search

We consider the problem of searching a wide area in a systematic fashion until a target is found and confirmed. The search is accomplished with multiple vehicles. Our approach considers motion in the horizontal plane but subject to atmospheric and other disturbances. The vehicles cooperate in that the total path length covered by the vehicles is minimized while exhaustively searching the area and performing a second sighting of potential targets. We illustrate the cooperative search with several examples that show the versatility of the algorithm.
Potential of Typha as Plant Candidates for Sludge Treatment Wetlands

Phragmites austrailis have been commonly planted on sludge treatment wetlands due to its high resistance to sludge waste; thus sludge treatment wetlands are commonly referred to as “reed beds”. Phragmites’ aggressive nature and high productivity allow this invasive plant species to form monoculture stands, alter ecosystem processes, outcompete and replace native species. Thus, native alternatives plant species for sludge treatment wetlands is in urgent needs. Typha are abundant and common throughout most of the North America and have high tolerance to various environmental conditions. This study examined the potential of Typha as candidate plants for sludge treatment wetlands. The results suggested Typha has a great potential to replace the invasive Phragmites as an alternative plant species for sludge treatment wetlands due to its ability to sustain repeated sludge application and to efficiently remove solids, phosphorus and nitrogen from the sludge waste.
The Risks and Benefits of Running Barefoot or in Minimalist Shoes: A Systematic Review

Context:The popularity of running barefoot or in minimalist shoes has recently increased because of claims of injury prevention, enhanced running efficiency, and improved performance compared with running in shoes. Potential risks and benefits of running barefoot or in minimalist shoes have yet to be clearly defined.Objective:To determine the methodological quality and level of evidence pertaining to the risks and benefits of running barefoot or in minimalist shoes.Data Sources:In September 2013, a comprehensive search of the Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL databases was performed by 2 independent reviewers.Study Selection:Included articles were obtained from peer-reviewed journals in the English language with no limit for year of publication. Final inclusion criteria required at least 1 of the following outcome variables: pain, injury rate, running economy, joint forces, running velocity, electromyography, muscle performance, or edema.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 3.Data Ex...
Responsiveness to Global and Local Consumer Culture Positioning: A Personality and Collective Identity Perspective

Marketers have increasingly employed positioning strategies to appeal to either global or local consumer cultures. However, little is known about the characteristics of consumers most likely to respond to such positioning. The authors find that the collective identities of global and national identification are strongly related to responsiveness to global and local consumer culture positioning (GCCP and LCCP, respectively). The results also show that personality predisposes people to adopt collective identities. The personality traits of openness to experience and agreeableness are significantly related to global and national identity, respectively. On the basis of these findings, the authors present implications with regard to developing GCCP and LCCP strategies that are congruent with consumers’ personality and associated collective identity.
Detecting neutrino transients with optical follow-up observations

A novel method is presented which will enhance the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to identify transient sources such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and core-collapse Supernovae (SNe). Triggered by the detection of high energy neutrino events from IceCube or other large scale neutrino telescopes, an optical follow-up program will allow the identification of the transient neutrino source. We show that once the follow-up program is implemented, the achievable sensitivity of IceCube to neutrinos from SNe and GRBs would increase by a factor of 2-3. The program can be realized with a small network of automated 1-2 meter telescopes and has rather modest observing time requirements.
A cognitive model's view of animal cognition

Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward orga- nizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIDA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal's cogni- tive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriv- ing an ontology for animal cognition from the LIDA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing (Current Zoology 57 (4): 499-513, 2011).
Mathematical characterization of human reliability for multi-task system operations

The article provides a mathematical reliability methodology for estimating the contribution of the human operator in a human-machine system. The methodology is applicable to high value, high risk human-machine operations where failures can be catastrophic and costly such as rendezvous and docking of a space craft at the International Space Station, critical control activities in a nuclear power plant, etc. The methodology consists of a mathematical probabilistic conceptual approach for the analytical characterization of human reliability for multi-task system operation. From a system perspective, reliability for a system includes three different reliability elements: (1) hardware reliability, (2) software reliability, and (3) human reliability. Therefore, the reliability of a system is just as constrained by the reliability of the human operator as it is by the reliability of the hardware and software. The elements of the bathtub curve for human reliability are constructed analogous to comparable elements of the bathtub curve for hardware reliability. This human error rate bathtub curve concept enables the formulation of a useful, workable mathematical modeling process for human reliability (R.E. Giuntini and W.R. Wessels, 1997). The results consist of a fully developed method that can be applied to quantify human reliability in a human-machine system. A detailed mathematical process of each of the three error rate phases: (1) learning error rate phase, (2) stabilized error rate phase, and (3) fatigue error rate phase is presented in terms of the Weibull probability distribution to characterize the human reliability process.
MULTIPLE GROUP THREAT AND MALLEABLE WHITE ATTITUDES TOWARDS ACADEMIC MERIT

As the White populace in the United States moves toward numerical minority status by 2042, how might Whites respond to impending threat of losing their dominant group position? In particular, how will Whites react at selective, elite universities, where Asians are increasingly prominent and other non-Whites are maintaining or capturing a larger share of enrollments? Drawing on group position theory, I test White commitment to meritocracy as a public policy, using a survey-based experiment (599 California adult residents) to examine the importance grade point average should have in public university admissions. Whites decrease the importance that grade point average should have when Asian group threat is primed. However, White Californians increase the importance that grade point average should have when thinking about group threat from either Blacks or Blacks and Asians simultaneously. Ethnoracial outgroup threat shifts White support for meritocracy in different directions.
A direct integral-equation solver of linear complexity for large-scale 3D capacitance and impedance extraction

State-of-the-art integral-equation-based solvers rely on techniques that can perform a matrix-vector multiplication in O(N) complexity. In this work, a fast inverse of linear complexity was developed to solve a dense system of linear equations directly for the capacitance extraction of any arbitrary shaped 3D structure. The proposed direct solver has demonstrated clear advantages over state-of-the-art solvers such as FastCap and HiCap; with fast CPU time and modest memory consumption, and without sacrificing accuracy. It successfully inverts a dense matrix that involves more than one million unknowns associated with a large-scale on-chip 3D interconnect embedded in inhomogeneous materials. Moreover, we have successfully applied the proposed solver to full-wave extraction.
Pyk2 regulates H+-ATPase-mediated proton secretion in the outer medullary collecting duct via an ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Acid-secreting intercalated cells respond to changes in systemic pH through regulation of apical H+ transporters. Little is known about the mechanism by which these cells sense changes in extracell...
Gender Roles, Marital Intimacy, and Nomination of Spouse as Primary Caregiver

Using data from a sample of married men and women undergoing treatment for cancer, we tested two potential hypotheses for the unequal representation of husbands and wives as spousal caregivers, including societal gender role norms and emotional closeness in the marital relationship. Multivariate analyses support both hypotheses; wives are only one third as likely as husbands to select their spouses as caregivers, and spouses who name their mates as confidants are three times more likely than those who do not to also name them as caregivers. We conclude that although gender role norms are key to caregiver selection, the intimacy inherent in the caregiving role renders an emotionally close marriage an important criterion to the selection of spouse as caregiver.
Latina Feminism, Experience and the Self

The following paper discusses Latina feminist debates on selfhood and identity. Since work by Latina feminists is not widely recognized or studied within the discipline of philosophy, the aim of the first section of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to Chicana feminism as it has been and continues to be pivotal in the development of Latina feminism. Included in this section is an introduction to the work of celebrated Chicana theorist Gloria Anzaldua who has played a major influence in the theories of selfhood and identity developed by Latina feminists discussed in this paper. The second section analyzes the work of key contemporary Latina philosophers and theorists and shows the manner in which these theorists are reclaiming the notion of experience.
CO oxidation on phosphate-supported Au catalysts: Effect of support reducibility on surface reactions

Abstract Previous work has shown that Au supported on FePO 4 can be stable and active for CO oxidation and that oxygen from the FePO 4 can participate in the CO oxidation. In this paper, we have used gas transient DRIFTS-QMS, Raman, temperature-programmed reduction and CO oxidation activity measurements to compare adsorption and oxidation of CO on two comparably loaded Au catalysts supported on both a reducible phosphate support, FePO 4 , and a non-reducible support, LaPO 4 . H 2 -TPR confirms that the Au/FePO 4 catalyst is highly reducible and that the reduction is strongly promoted by the Au, while neither LaPO 4 nor Au/LaPO 4 are reducible up to 500 °C. The nature of Au species was determined by CO adsorption. For Au/FePO 4 , cationic Au is present after oxidative treatment, and metallic Au dominates after reductive treatment. The majority of the cationic Au observed on the FePO 4 support undergoes in situ reduction to metallic Au during rt CO adsorption. For Au/LaPO 4 , no cationic Au is observed, but metallic Au is present after both oxidative and reductive treatment. In addition, metallic Au is accompanied by anionic Au, not seen on Au/FePO 4 , which accumulates during CO exposure, even after an oxidative pretreatment. Unexpectedly, CO interacts rapidly with Au/LaPO 4 to evolve CO 2 and form both adsorbed CO 2 and “carbonate-like” species, even though the LaPO 4 is non-reducible and Raman fails to find evidence for loss of structural oxygen. H 2 coevolves with CO 2 during CO-TPR of Au/LaPO 4 (but not for Au/FePO 4 ) leading to the conclusion that surface hydroxyl is the source of oxygen during CO exposure to Au/LaPO 4 . Anionic Au is associated with the vacancies remaining after reaction of hydroxyl with CO.
Phase I/II Trial of Imatinib and Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma and Other Advanced Cancers

Background.Vascular endothelial growth factor and plateletderived growth factor signaling in the tumor microenvironment appear to cooperate in promoting tumor angiogenesis. PatientsandMethods.WeconductedaphaseItrialcombining bevacizumab(i.v.every2weeks)andimatinib(oraldaily).Once a recommended phase II dose combination was established, aphaseIItrialwasinitiatedinpatientswithmetastaticmelanoma. A Simon 2-stage design was used with 23 patients required in the firststageand41patientsintotalshouldthecriteriatoproceedbe met. We required that 50% of the patients be progression-free at 16 weeks. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and power Doppler ultrasonography were performed in patients with metastatic tumors amenable to imaging with these methods at baseline and after 4 weeks.
Adjunctive inhaled insulin before meals improved glycaemic control more than adjunctive metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Source Citation Barnett AH, Dreyer M, Lange P, Serdarevic-Pehar M. An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with metfo...
Neurones in the ventrolateral pons are required for post-hypoxic frequency decline in rats.

1. The breathing pattern following acute hypoxia (arterial O2 pressure (Pa,O2), 27.4 +/- 7.7 mmHg) was measured in intact, anaesthetized and spontaneously breathing adult rats (n = 4) and in anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and ventilated animals (n = 14). Measurements were made both before and after bilateral lesions or chemical inactivation of neurones in the lateral pons. Respiratory motor activity was recorded as an index of the respiratory cycle. We tested the hypothesis that the ventrolateral pons is required for expression of post-hypoxic frequency decline, defined as a decrease in respiratory frequency below steady-state baseline levels following brief exposures to hypoxia. 2. We identified an area in the ventrolateral pons where brief (1 ms) low current ( 0.05) animals. In contrast, injections of muscimol at more dorsal sites did not alter the decrease in frequency normally seen following hypoxia. 5. Histological examination revealed that effective lesion or injection sites were within the lateral pontine tegmental field and included portions of the noradrenergic A5 cell group. 6. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for post-hypoxic frequency decline involves an active neural process that depends on the integrity of the ventrolateral pons.
Fractional Horsepower Dynamometer - A General Purpose Hardware-In-The-Loop Real-Time Simulation Platform for Nonlinear Control Research and Education

A fractional horsepower dynamometer was developed as a general purpose hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform to emulate mechanical nonlinearities such as frictions, state-dependent disturbances, etc. This lab system can be used as a research platform to test various nonlinear control schemes. This platform can also be used as a laboratory experiment for ECE5320 "Mechatronics" and ECE7330 "Nonlinear and Adaptive Control" courses at Utah State University. The novelty of this platform lies in its ability to generate an arbitrary external torque load disturbance, using a controllable hysteresis brake, to a DC motor plant. Therefore, many nonlinear systems and controls can be emulated physically. In this paper, we include some sample experimental results to show the versatility of the dynamometer in emulating nonlinearities and the effectiveness in real-time testing of advanced nonlinear control schemes.
Metalloproteinase Processing of HBEGF is a Proximal Event in the Response of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells to Oxidized Phospholipids

Objective—Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by monocyte recruitment and retention in the vessel wall. An important mediator of monocyte endothelial interaction is the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8. The oxidation products of phospholipids, including oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (Ox-PAPC), accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions and strongly induce IL-8 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The goal of this study was to identify the proximal events leading to induction of IL-8 by Ox-PAPC in vascular endothelial cells. Methods and Results—In a systems genetics analysis of HAECs isolated from 96 different human donors, we showed that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) transcript levels are strongly correlated to IL-8 induction by Ox-PAPC. The silencing and overexpression of HBEGF in HAECs confirmed the role of HBEGF in regulating IL-8 expression. HBEGF has been shown to be stored in an inactive form and activation is dependent on proce...
The Giraffe, the Star, and the Contradictions of Everyday Life

Based on ethnographic research carried out between 2009 and 2010 in the vicinity of Bor Town, Southern Sudan, this paper examines a number of commonplace jokes. Observers and analysts frequently make sense of Africa’s social complexity by contrasting two systems, or by describing Africans as temporally suspended “between tradition and modernity”—as if the only contradictions and dilemmas that people experienced were through their encounters with exogamous histories. Jokes share with this analytic rubric a structure of two realms whose relation to one another is incommensurable. This paper challenges representations of Bor’s “isolation” by focusing on people’s experiences of contradiction as an internal feature of everyday jokes and humorous stories. These are “The D.C. and the Chief” jokes, “arrogant politician” jokes, riddles such as “the child of the bird that doesn’t lay eggs,” and “ethnic jokes” about fishermen. Examining these jokes in their wider pragmatic context reveals a complex political critique and ambivalent attitude toward relations of authority.
Composition and Structure of the Earth’s Interior

The primary goal of the research at very high pressures is the interpretation of the Earth’s structure, as revealed by seismic observations, in terms of the mineral and chemical composition. A major progress in the study of the Earth’s interior has been made in the last 20 year, primarily due to advances in petrology, geophysics, and geochemistry. However, our understanding of the Earth’s interior lags severely behind the accumulation of the facts, because it is hampered and distorted by the many myths and beliefs inherited from the past. The origins of many of these views cannot be even traced anymore, others were proposed in the distant past on the basis of meager or nonexistent evidence. Some represent only a clever scheme to compensate for the lack of facts and the inability to obtain them. Yet, despite the advances that make possible now to obtain those facts, the old views still figure prominently in the current understanding of the Earth’s interior, and stand in the way of the real progress made possible by the accumulation of the new evidence.
Finite termination of the proximal point algorithm

This paper concerns the notion of a sharp minimum on a set and its relationship to the proximal point algorithm. We give several equivalent definitions of the property and use the notion to prove finite termination of the proximal point algorithm.
Pay for performance and beyond.

Pay for performance has become almost a cliche in health policy discussions during the past 5 years. Proponents and opponents have tended to take sides based largely on abstractions, but in reality pay for performance is likely to be more beneficial than critics allow and less transformational than its strongest advocates suggest. Both economic theory and common sense support the notion that payment for healthcare should be determined, at least in part, based on meaningful indicators of quality or value, but precisely how this should occur depends on a number of factors, including the importance of patient differences and the nature of physician motivation. Despite considerable investment in both the infrastructure for and operating expenses of pay for performance, we have learned very little to date that is useful for determining how much and in what way performance should influence provider payment in healthcare. Looking ahead, it seems likely that performance incentives will remain part of the reimburs...
A redetermination of the heats of formation of chloro- and dichlorocarbene and the deprotonation of methyl cation, a spin forbidden process?

The reactions of CH3 + ,C H 2Cl + and CHCl2 + with standard reference bases were examined in a dual cell Fourier transform mass spectrometer. Deprotonation of methyl cation occurs rapidly via a spin forbidden process to afford triplet methylene even when the reaction is nearly thermoneutral. Bracketing results enable us to assign PA(CHCl) = 209.7 ± 2.2 kcal mol −1 and PA(CCl2) = 205.2 ± 1.9 kcal mol −1 , the latter value of which is considerably larger than previous determinations. The resulting heats of formation, however, are in good accord with other measurements and lead to
New Techniques in Wound Management: Vacuum-Assisted Wound Closure

Vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) is a wound management technique that exposes the wound bed to negative pressure by way of a closed system. Edema fluid is removed from the extravascular space, thus eliminating an extrinsic cause of microcirculatory embarrassment and improving blood supply during this phase of inflammation. In addition, the mechanical tension from the vacuum may directly stimulate cellular proliferation of reparative granulation tissue. Orthopaedic indications for VAC include traumatic wounds after debridement, infection after debridement, and fasciotomy wounds for compartment syndrome. VAC also can be used as a dressing for anchoring an applied split-thickness skin graft. The technique is contraindicated in patients with thin, easily bruised or abraded skin; those with neoplasm as part of the wound floor; and those with allergic reactions to any of the components that contact the skin. Clinical experience with the technique has resulted in a low incidence of minor, reversible irritation to surrounding skin and no major complications. Further experience is required, as well as clinical and basic research, to define optimal indications and benefits compared with traditional methods of wound management.
Notes on a megachiline bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from the Miocene of Idaho

Abstract Among the few published fossil records of cleptoparasitic bees, one has been assigned as an unnamed species of Coelioxys (Megachilinae: Megachilini). The putative Coelioxys was recovered from the Latah Formation (Miocene) near Juliaetta in northernwestern Idaho. Herein I provide a detailed description and figures for this specimen. While the specimen is quite likely a megachiline bee, it is not possible from the wing alone to consider this fossil as a member of the genus Coelioxys, nor of the tribe Megachilini. The fossil is considered herein as “Megachilinae species indeterminate.”
Aspects of the phonology of labial-velar stops

Phonological patterns of labial-velar stops [kp, gb] are distinctively different from other consonants in their distribution and participation in phonological processes. A summary of cross-linguistic (> 80 languages) patterns of labial-velars includes phonemic inventories, co-occurrence patterns with vowels and consonants, and phonological processes that involve labial-velars. To explain these patterns, phonetic distinctives of labial-velars are presented, as well as the historical development of labial-velars. Feature Geometry and Articulatory Phonology are shown to account for some patterns. The conclusion drawn is that some patterns are best explained by diachronic factors, and there is no single current phonological theory that adequately accounts for all the other patterns.