cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Description of a new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from the Colombian Andes, with notes on its feeding habits and conservation status

Liaghinella andina sp. nov. is described from the eastern Colombian Andes. Until now, the genus Liaghinella Wygodzinsky, 1966 included only L. farri Wygodzinsky, 1966, described from Jamaica. To find this new species for the first time in continental South America and at so high an altitude is remarkable. The new species is close to L. farri, but differs in color pattern, and in the structure of the head, male genitalia, and fore leg armature. For the first time a female of Liaghinella is described and sexual differences are highlighted. Keys to separate the related genera and the two known species of Liaghinella are provided. Biological information on the new species’ feeding habits on spiders is presented and discussed. Dorsal habitus photographs, in addition to photographs and illustrations of other morphological structures, are provided. Finding this new species in the remnants of an Andean montane forest adjacent to urban areas highlights the necessity of local conservation efforts in the Colombian Andes.Se describe Liaghinella andina sp. nov. de la cordillera oriental de los Andes colombianos. El genero Liaghinella incluia unicamente a L. farri Wygodzinsky, 1966, descrita de Jamaica. Por primera vez se registra este genero en Sudamerica continental y a gran altitud. La nueva especie es muy similar a L. farri, pero difiere de aquella por el patron de coloracion, la estructura de la cabeza, la genitalia masculina y la serie anteroventral de las patas anteriores. Por primera vez se describe una hembra de Liaghinella resaltandose las diferencias entre sexos. Se proporciona una clave para separar las dos especies conocidas, y otra para los generos relacionados. Se brinda y discute la alimentacion con aranas. Se presentan fotografias de los habitus dorsales, asi como fotografias e ilustraciones de otros detalles estructurales. El haber encontrado esta nueva especie en remanentes de bosques Andinos muy cercanos a centros urbanos resalta la necesidad de esfuerzos de conservacion locales.
Lateral variability of sediment transport in the Delaware Estuary

Lateral processes contribute significantly to circulation and material transport in estuaries. The mechanisms controlling transport may vary spatially such that shallow and deep regions of an estuary contribute differently to the total transport. An observational study was conducted to explore the importance of lateral variability in sediment transport mechanisms in the Delaware Estuary. Seven moorings were deployed across the channel in the region of the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) zone from April to August 2011. Time series of along-channel sediment transport reveal a consistent pattern of sediment export across the entire estuary during periods of high river discharge, followed by a transition to import within the channel and export on the flanks during low river flow. There is a persistent divergence of across-channel sediment fluxes on the Delaware side, where sediment from the flank is transported toward both the channel and wetland coast. Decomposition of the fluxes highlight that across-channel sediment transport is driven by mean lateral circulation, whereas along-channel transport is driven primarily by mean advection, with tidal pumping contributing to about 30% of total transport. The spatial and temporal variability of mean advection and tidal pumping were generally complementary, with both contributing to the observed sediment transport pathways. Tidal pumping, linked to tidal asymmetries in stratification and sediment resuspension, was shown to drive both ebb-driven export and flood-driven import depending on the tidal variability of stratification. The spatiotemporal patterns of sediment transport highlight the three-dimensional structure of the ETM and shed light on the variability of sediment transport mechanisms.
Toward A Better Understanding of Atmospheric Chemistry

Publisher Summary The important roles of chemical and physical processes in the troposphere in the planetary life-support system have been brought into sharp focus not only by research and discoveries but also by a disturbing, recurring sequence of problem identification and response—for example, the impacts of smog on health; of acid on lakes, forests, and agriculture; of increasing carbon dioxide and other trace gases on climate; and of chemicals moving upward through the troposphere to the stratosphere. The troposphere is an integral component of the planetary life-support system, which receives, transports, transforms, and deposits the substances that either contribute to the efficiency of the system or deleteriously perturb it. Perturbations can be expected to increase in frequency and variety during the next several decades, and their economic impact will grow. Because the atmosphere is a moving and restless continuum enveloping the planet, the issues are international. Because the physical, chemical, and biological processes of the atmosphere are inextricably intertwined, the efforts to understand them must be interdisciplinary.
The Extracellular Matrix

Collagen is the single most abundant animal protein in mammals accounting for about 30% of all proteins. The collagen molecules, after being secreted by the cells, assemble into characteristic fibers responsible for the functional integrity of tissues such as bone, cartilage, skin, and tendon. They contribute a structural framework to other tissues such as blood vessels and most organs. Crosslinks between adjacent molecules are a prerequisite for the collagen fibers to withstand the physical stresses to which they are exposed. Significant progress has been made towards understanding the functional groups on the molecules that are involved in the formation of such crosslinks, their nature, and location. Collagen does not exist in a vacuum, but it is surrounded by a large number of macromolecules which all together form the extracellular matrix. The fundamental properties of these macromolecules, such as the proteoglycans, elastin, laminin, fibronectin and others will be briefly described. For a more detailed discussion and specific references the readers are referenced to comprehensive reviews from which this information was derived.1,2,3
A Method of Comparing Contract Proposals for Broiler-Chicken Production

A budgeting method is used to evaluate ten broiler contracts. These contracts are evaluated from the standpoint of the broiler‐grower. Costs of production for the grower are assumed to be the same under all of the contracts. The most profitable contract for the grower is one in which the payment per pound marketed is five times the point spread (live weight divided by feed‐conversion ratio). Of the ten contracts evaluated, five showed a profit and five a loss for the grower.
A Review of the Genus Apiocera Westwood from North America, (Apioceridae, Diptera)

Information concerning species of the genus Apiocera is scattered and less than two dozen specimens are recorded in the literature as coming to the attention of dipterists. The discovery of a third species within the United States and the possession of over 100 specimens, which include the two previously described species, has given the writer an opportunity to add to the information concerning this aberrant family. Many of the specimens were collected by the author and notes concerning the habits of each species were made and are included.
Elution by Le Chatelier's principle for maximum recyclability of adsorbents: applied to polyacrylamidoxime adsorbents for extraction of uranium from seawater

Amidoxime-based polymer adsorbents have attracted interest within the last decade due to their high adsorption capacities for uranium and other rare earth metals from seawater. The ocean contains an approximated 4–5 billion tons of uranium and even though amidoxime-based adsorbents have demonstrated the highest uranium adsorption capacities to date, they are still economically impractical because of their limited recyclability. Typically, the adsorbed metals are eluted with a dilute acid solution that not only damages the amidoxime groups (metal adsorption sites), but is also not strong enough to remove the strongly bound vanadium, which decreases the adsorption capacity with each cycle. We resolved this challenge by incorporating Le Chatelier's principle to recycle adsorbents indefinitely. We used a solution with a high concentration of amidoxime-like chelating agents, such as hydroxylamine, to desorb nearly a 100% of adsorbed metals, including vanadium, without damaging the metal adsorption sites and preserving the high adsorption capacity. The method takes advantage of knowing the binding mode between the amidoxime ligand and the metal and mimics it with chelating agents that then in a Le Chatelier's manner removes metals by shifting to a new chemical equilibrium. For this reason the method is applicable to any ligand–metal adsorbent and it will make an impact on other extraction technologies.
Serum complement levels in dogs undergoing kidney homotransplantation.

SummaryHomotransplantation of kidneys in normal dogs was followed by prompt renal shutdown and progressive failure of the graft. Frequent complement determinations were performed during the 3-week postoperative period. Unlike the situation in human glome-rulonephritis and experimental nephritis a fall in serum complement 1 to 2 weeks later was not observed. Instead there was sometimes seen a significant rise in serum complement following homotransplantation.
Advancement of Women in Academic and Research Careers: A Working Group Report

This working group began by reviewing the report of the International Women’s Leadership Working Group #2, held in Goteborg, Sweden, in June 2003. The barriers to women’s advancement identified at the Second International Women’s Leadership Conference included gender bias and expectations;
Political Pluralism and America's Political Polarization:Toward a Relational Network Approach

Political polarization includes two dimensions: elite polarization and mass polarization.With respect to ideology and political behavior,since the 1960s,American political elites and party activists have moved toward polarization.However,mass polarization across issues has not emerged.The real threat of political polarization lies in its damage to political pluralism.A relational network approach can offer new insights into political polarization.
SU‐F‐R‐52: A Comparison of the Performance of Radiomic Features From Free Breathing and 4DCT Scans in Predicting Disease Recurrence in Lung Cancer SBRT Patients

Purpose: There is a clinical need to identify patients who are at highest risk of recurrence after being treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Radiomics offers a non-invasive approach by extracting quantitative features from medical images based on tumor phenotype that is predictive of an outcome. Lung cancer patients treated with SBRT routinely undergo free breathing (FB image) and 4DCT (average intensity projection (AIP) image) scans for treatment planning to account for organ motion. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and compare the prognostic performance of radiomic features extracted from FB and AIP images in lung cancer patients treated with SBRT to identify which image type would generate an optimal predictive model for recurrence. Methods: FB and AIP images of 113 Stage I-II NSCLC patients treated with SBRT were analysed. The prognostic performance of radiomic features for distant metastasis (DM) was evaluated by their concordance index (CI). Radiomic features were compared with conventional imaging metrics (e.g. diameter). All p-values were corrected for multiple testing using the false discovery rate. Results: All patients received SBRT and 20.4% of patients developed DM. From each image type (FB or AIP), nineteen radiomic features were selected based on stability and variance. Both image types had five common and fourteen different radiomic features. One FB (CI=0.70) and five AIP (CI range=0.65–0.68) radiomic features were significantly prognostic for DM (p<0.05). None of the conventional features derived from FB images (range CI=0.60–0.61) were significant but all AIP conventional features were (range CI=0.64–0.66). Conclusion: Features extracted from different types of CT scans have varying prognostic performances. AIP images contain more prognostic radiomic features for DM than FB images. These methods can provide personalized medicine approaches at low cost, as FB and AIP data are readily available within a large number of radiation oncology departments. R.M. had consulting interest with Amgen (ended in 2015).
The effects of applying mis-specified age- and size-structured models

Abstract Stock assessments estimate biomass and fishing mortality in absolute terms and relative to reference points. Most of the world’s stock assessments are based on age- or size-structured population dynamics models, with few stock assessments directly accounting for both age and size dynamics. However, the life history parameters of fish and invertebrate populations are often functions of both age and size. An operating model that is based on an age- and size-structured population dynamics model is used to evaluate the performance of assessment methods based on age-, size- and age- and size-structured population dynamics models. Variants of the operating model and the assessment methods, which include ‘platoons’ to better represent individual variation in growth, are considered to explore the impact of this source of uncertainty on the performance of stock assessment methods. Simulation experiments based conceptually on the assessment for Pacific cod in the Eastern Bering Sea are used to explore the consequences of applying assessment methods that are mis-specified in terms of the population dynamics model and the way variation in growth is modelled. The age-structured assessment methods perform poorest, most likely because they mis-represent how mortality, due to fishing, is removed from the population in the operating model, but also because of mis-specification of the growth curve. The assessment methods with platoons can outperform those that ignore platoon structure when this is present, but their performance when there are no platoons is such that, overall, simpler assessment methods based on size-structured, or age- and size-structured population dynamics models, appear best. Conducting assessments using multiple model types and selecting the best model based on the lowest AIC was, however, the best approach overall.
Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Viral Infections: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality in Pediatric and Adult Patients

Background Hospital-acquired respiratory viral infections can result in morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. This study was undertaken to better understand the magnitude of the problem of nosocomial respiratory viral infections in adult and pediatric patients. Methods This was a retrospective study at a tertiary care adult and pediatric teaching hospital. Study patients met a priori criteria for definite or possible nosocomial respiratory viral infection. Results From April 1, 2015 to April 1, 2016, we identified 40 nosocomial respiratory viral infections in 38 patients involving 14 definite and 3 possible cases in our adult hospital and 18 definite and 5 possible cases in our pediatric hospital. The incidence was 5 cases/10 000 admissions and 44 cases/10 000 admissions to our adult and pediatric hospitals, respectively. Only 6.8% of cases were due to influenza. Although 63% of cases occurred during the fall and winter, such infections were identified throughout the year. Five (13%) nosocomial respiratory viral infections occurred in 2 adult and 3 pediatric patients who died during the hospitalization. Conclusions Nosocomial respiratory viral infections are an underappreciated cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. The incidence was nearly 10-fold higher in our pediatric hospital. We estimate there are approximately 18 955 pediatric and adult cases of nosocomial respiratory viral infections in US acute care hospitals each year.
Visually Impaired People in Iran: Cultural and Environmental Effects on Orientation and Mobility Services:

This report examines the impact that the Iranian environment has on blind and vision impaired persons, and the mobility systems frequently used by blind Iranians because of custom or because of the...
Concise and Efficient Synthesis of E-stereoisomers of exo-cyclic Carbohydrate Enones. Aldol Condensation of Dihydrolevoglucosenone with Five-membered Aromatic Aldehydes1 Part 1.

Abstract Stereoselective synthesis of exocyclic enones 10–17 via a base-catalyzed direct aldol condensation between dihydrolevoglucosenone 1 and heterocyclic aldehydes 2–9 is described. The reaction is performed under mild conditions and is applicable to variety of heterocyclic aldehydes. E-Steroisomers of exo-cyclic enones are the only products. They are very easy to isolate and were formed in good to excellent (72–88%) yield. 1H NMR, 13C NMR analyses provide the structural assignment and absolute stereochemistry of the condensation products. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of condensation product 12, additionally supports the structural assignment.
Automatic Environment Adjustment for Emotional Disabilities

One often-overlooked area for assistive technology is help for those with emotional needs. Since these individuals may not emote in a typical way, most techniques for affective computing will not work for this population. Further, the applications that detect emotion are generally concerned with helping the user with some task, not simply helping them with their emotional difficulties. In this work, we present React 2 Me, a system that uses ambient technology to detect multimodal behavioral cues that may indicate emotional distress and adjust the environment to help the individual regulate their emotions.
Adherence to surgical hand antisepsis: Barriers and facilitators in a tertiary care hospital

Although surgical hand antisepsis is paramount to surgical infection prevention, adherence to correct technique may be suboptimal. We conducted direct observations and semistructured interviews to identify barriers and facilitators to appropriate surgical hand antisepsis in a tertiary care hospital. Only 18% (9 out of 50) surgical hand antisepsis observations were fully compliant with the recommended application techniques. Most surgical staff members considered lack of organizational oversight, monitoring, and direct hands-on training as important barriers to adherence.
Laser Treatment of Cancer in Man

It is now time in the research program of investigations of the biomedical applications of the laser to use the laser in the treatment of cancer in man. In brief, there are only two important questions to answer—is it necessary and is it safe?
A Mixed C/Verilog Dual-Platform Simulator

One of the strengths of Hewlett-Packard’s Technical Solutions Lab has been its ability to efficiently develop workstation graphics subsystems by minimizing serial dependencies in the development process. Central to achieving this was the use of C-language functional models of the subsystem ASICs in a flexible, mixed-level, mixed-language simulation environment. Although the first generation of this simulation environment, known as “NGLE” has been used successfully for a number of years, that experience has also revealed several important opportunities for improvement. In this paper, we describe the next generation of this environment, called the Graphics Product Simulator (GPS), and the improvements it brings. These include support for threaded C-language modeling, an improved method of mixing C-language and Verilog models, dual platform (Windows NT and Unix) support, and improved system-level modeling facilities.
Bifurcation in Hilbert Spaces

Let V be a (real) Hilbert space, with inner product 〈·,·〉 and norm ‖·‖. Let K be a closed, convex subset of V such that 0 ∈ K. Let B be a completely continuous mapping from V × ℝ to V.
Exploring Bias in the US Electoral College System via Big-Data Simulation

The United States is unique among world democracies. It is the only country where a democratically elected leader is elected indirectly through a mechanism known as the Electoral College. Although the system has resulted in only five instances in 228 years where the loser of the popular vote has ultimately won the presidency through the Electoral College, this has happened twice in the last five elections. Still the perception among most Americans is that while the system may be arcane and unnecessary, it probably benefits both parties equally. This paper shows the results from running twelve million election simulations under various assumptions and shows that currently the Electoral College is biased heavily in favor of Republican candidates.
Energy Consumption vs. Bit Rate Analysis Toward Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study and comparison of the impact of both multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and massive MIMO techniques, at the base station (BS), on the energy consumption versus bit rate performance of a multi-antenna wireless handset. Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing (SM) are examined and compared for both known and unknown channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. For the diversity case, our results show that for a BS with four or more receive antennas, there is little to be gained in terms of energy efficiency at the wireless handset by having more than one transmit antenna. For the SMcase with conventional MIMO, the bit rate increases linearly with N t at the cost of additional energy consumption at the handset due to the absence of diversity gain. For massive MIMO, however, the excess receive antennas provide a diversity gain in a SM scheme thus allowing a high bit rate without sacrificing energy efficiency at the handset and even with no needs of CSI knowledge.
Mitigating the effects of granular scattering using cepstrum analysis in terahertz time-domain spectral imaging

Terahertz (THz) imaging is a widely used technique in the study and detection of many chemicals and biomolecules in polycrystalline form because the spectral absorption signatures of these target materials often lie in the THz frequencies. When the size of dielectric grain boundaries are comparable to the THz wavelengths, spectral features can be obscured due to electromagnetic scattering. In this study, we first investigate this granular scattering effect in identification of chemicals with THz spectral absorption features. We then will propose a signal processing technique in the so-called "quefrency" domain to improve the ability to resolve these spectral features in the diffuse scattered THz images. We created a pellet with α-lactose monohydrate and riboflavin, two biologically significant materials with well-known vibrational spectral resonances, and buried the pellet in a highly scattering medium. THz transmission measurements were taken at all angles covering the half focal plane. We show that, while spectral features of lactose and riboflavin cannot be distinguished in the scattered image, application of cepstrum filtering can mitigate these scattering effects. By employing our quefrency-domain signal processing technique, we were able to unambiguously detect the dielectric resonance of lactose in the diffused scattering geometries. Finally we will discuss the limitation of the new proposed technique in spectral identification of chemicals.
National Variation in Opioid Prescription Fills and Long-Term Use in Opioid Naïve Patients after Urological Surgery

Purpose:Prescription opioid use is increasing, leading to increased addiction and mortality. Postoperative care is often the first exposure to opioids of a patient but little data exist on national...
Cryogenic infrared ion spectroscopy for the structural elucidation of drug molecules: MDMA and its metabolites

Abstract We present a cryogenic infrared spectroscopy study of protonated 3,4-methylenedioxymethampetamine (MDMA) and some of its metabolites. The IR spectra are sufficiently well resolved to give distinct vibrational signatures for each molecule, as well as indicate common functional groups in some of the variants. A more detailed analysis reveals that the spectral interpretation is more complex. The overly rich IR spectra already betray the existence of a number of conformers, which are assigned by comparison to quantum-chemical calculations. An attempt to quantify the various conformers for MDMA was not successful, strongly suggesting that the conformers can freely interconvert at these cryogenic temperatures.
Frontal Sinus Inverted Papilloma: Unique Considerations

Schneiderian papillomas are sinonasal, benign neoplasms of the mucosa consisting of squamous or columnar epithelium. Several types of papillomas exist in the sinonasal cavity, most commonly exophytic (fungiform), cylindrical (oncocytic), and inverted. Inverted papillomas (IPs) are named for squamous metaplasia that histologically expands inward toward the stroma. Males are more frequently affected than women at a 3.4:1 ratio. The average age of presentation is in the mid-50s. IP is thought to arise from a single progenitor cell. The etiology is unknown. Viruses including EBV and HPV are thought to play a role in all papilloma types, including IP; however, not all specimens demonstrate positivity. HPV is present in approximately 38% of IPs. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice.
Contact Problems Involving Friction

The Coulomb friction law is simple to apply in the formulation of elastic contact problems, but it is also a rich source of unexpected physical phenomena, including ranges of unstable dynamic response, history-dependence, ‘wedging’ and mathematical problems of existence and uniqueness of solution. We first explore the implications of the law in the context of simple discrete systems and demonstrate the importance of interaction [coupling] between the normal and tangential contact problems, particularly in problems of periodic loading. The discussion is then extended to problems of the elastic continuum, and to cases where elastodynamic effects must be included [for example, the interaction of a seismic disturbance with a frictional interface]. It is shown that finite element formulations of elastodynamic problems with Coulomb friction are inherently ill-posed and alternative friction laws that avoid this difficulty are discussed.
Centering Race and Racism in Reproduction.

Race is a salient yet problematic category of everyday life that plays a key role in understanding social and biological reproduction. Yet too rarely is race centered as an analytic to explore repr...
Variables Must be Limited to a Single Feature

In this paper, I show that applying variables in the unconstrainted way that Halle (1962) first proposed causes the representation of certain phonotactic patterns to be simplified. I go on to show that this simplification prohibits an otherwise standard MaxEnt model from being biased in ways that reflect human behavior. As a solution, I propose limiting variables to occurring in the same feature across different segments. This not only prevents the pathological predictions for learnability, but it also makes variables represent more modern theories of assimilation and dissimilation like autosegmental spreading (Goldsmith, 1976) and surface correspondence constraints (Rose & Walker, 2004).
Using Radar Observations to Evaluate 3D Radar Echo StructureSimulated by a Global Model

Abstract. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) developed by the Department of Energy has a goal of addressing challenges in understanding the global water cycle. Success depends on correct simulation of cloud and precipitation elements. However, lack of appropriate evaluation metrics has hindered the accurate representation of these elements in general circulation models. We derive metrics from the three-dimensional data of the ground-based Next generation radar (NEXRAD) network over the U.S. to evaluate both horizontal and vertical structures of precipitation elements. We coarsened the resolution of the radar observations to be consistent with the model resolution and improved the coupling of the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observation Simulator Package (COSP) and E3SM Atmospheric Model Version 1 (EAMv1) to obtain the best possible model output for comparison with the observations. Three warm seasons (2014–2016) of EAMv1 simulations of 3D radar reflectivity features at an hourly scale are evaluated. A general agreement in domain-mean radar reflectivity intensity is found between EAMv1 and NEXRAD below 4 km altitude; however, the model underestimates reflectivity over the central United States, which suggests that the model does not capture the mesoscale convective systems that produce much of precipitation in that region. The shape of the model estimated histogram of subgrid scale reflectivity is improved by correcting the microphysical assumptions in COSP. The model severely underestimates radar reflectivity at upper levels – the simulated echo top height is about 4 km lower than in observations – and this result is not changed by tuning any single physics parameter.
Remote Transmission After a Shock

The 73-year-old man of case 109 (who underwent addition of a separate pace-sense lead due to T-wave oversensing) receives a shock 1 month after system revision. He transmits ICD system information from home via the Carelink™ remote monitoring network. Diagnosis and management are discussed.
“I Don’t Want to Have a Weird Relationship with You, So I’m Trying”: Relational Turning Points and Trajectories of Ex-Member Children and Their Member Parents in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints face a unique and often turbulent time in their relationship with their parent if the individual decides to leave the Church. To explore t...
A Probability-Based Investigation on the Setup Robustness of Pencil-beam Proton Radiation Therapy for Skull-Base Meningioma.

Introduction The intracranial skull-base meningioma is in proximity to multiple critical organs and heterogeneous tissues. Steep dose gradients often result from avoiding critical organs in proton treatment plans. Dose uncertainties arising from setup errors under image-guided radiation therapy are worthy of evaluation. Patients and Methods Fourteen patients with skull-base meningioma were retrospectively identified and planned with proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) single-field uniform dose (SFUD) and multifield optimization (MFO) techniques. The setup uncertainties were assigned a probability model on the basis of prior published data. The impact on the dose distribution from nominal 1-mm and large, less probable setup errors, as well as the cumulative effect, was analyzed. The robustness of SFUD and MFO planning techniques in these scenarios was discussed. Results The target coverage was reduced and the plan dose hot spot increased by all setup uncertainty scenarios regardless of the planning techniques. For 1 mm nominal shifts, the deviations in clinical target volume (CTV) coverage D99% was -11 ± 52 cGy and -45 ± 147 cGy for SFUD and MFO plans. The setup uncertainties affected the organ at risk (OAR) dose both positively and negatively. The statistical average of the setup uncertainties had <100 cGy impact on the plan qualities for all patients. The cumulative deviations in CTV D95% were 1 ± 34 cGy and -7 ± 18 cGy for SFUD and MFO plans. Conclusion It is important to understand the impact of setup uncertainties on skull-base meningioma, as the tumor target has complex shape and is in proximity to multiple critical organs. Our work evaluated the setup uncertainty based on its probability distribution and evaluated the dosimetric consequences. In general, the SFUD plans demonstrated more robustness than the MFO plans in target coverages and brainstem dose. The probability-weighted overall effect on the dose distribution is small compared to the dosimetric shift during single fraction.
Correlating Self-Efficacy for Teaching Personal and Social Development With Other Aspects of Physical Educators’ Self-Efficacy

Research indicates physical education can foster personal and social development. However, few studies have examined teacher beliefs about delivering this aspect of the curriculum. To move research and practice forward, it is important to understand educators’ selfefficacy beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between physical education teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching personal and social development, and other aspects of teachers’ self-efficacy. Participants were 116 (73 women, 43 men) practicing, licensed physical education teachers who completed the Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum Self-Efficacy Survey and the General Education Efficacy Survey. Pearson correlations indicate significant (p 0.30) between participants’ self-efficacy for teaching personal and social development and other aspects of physical education as well as general teacher efficacy. Findings support the relevance of selfefficacy for teaching personal and social development in physical education. Implications for practice and professional development are discussed as well as the need for continued research.Subscribe to TPE
Abstract TP132: Intensive Medical Management and Life-Style Modifications Can Be Successfully Applied in Combination With Indirect Surgical Revascularization for Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease

Introduction: We present the results of using the strict model of intensive medical management (IMM) and life-style modification of SAMMPRIS in a phase 2 study of EDAS revascularization in patients...
Antimicrobial efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide for inactivation of Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on dried basil leaves

Abstract This research aims to investigate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas on the inactivation of Salmonella on dried basil leaves and evaluate the suitability of E. faecium as a surrogate for Salmonella. Dried basil leaves (2.0 ± 0.1 g) inoculated with a 5-strain Salmonella cocktail or E. faecium were packed in a paper bag, heat-sealed, and placed inside a chlorine dioxide treatment chamber. The samples were exposed to different levels of gas concentration (5, 10, and 15 mg/L) and relative humidity (60, 70, 80%) for various exposure times. The treated samples were diluted with neutralizing buffer and plated onto tryptic soy agar modified to enumerate both microorganisms. The log-linear model was used to fit the inactivation data for both microorganisms. As the relative humidity increases from 60 to 80% at 10 mg/L, the D-value decreases from 70.5 to 41.8 min for Salmonella and 121.7 to 52.6 min for E. faecium. The modified Bigelow model performed better than the response surface model for estimation of the D-values. A greater resistance exhibited by E. faecium indicated that it may be used as an ideal surrogate for Salmonella during chlorine dioxide treatment of dried basil leaves.
Isolation and preparation of lymphocytes from infected animals for in vitro analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isolation and preparation of lymphocytes from infected animals for in vitro analysis. Lymphocytes are the cells that provide specificity to host defense. Identifying the phenotype and antigen specificity of lymphocytes that have been isolated from animals infected with microbial agents is integral to understand protective adaptive immunity. Lymphocytes can be obtained from a variety of the tissues of infected animals. The numbers of cells that can be recovered from each site vary depending on the type of tissue and the age and physiological status of animals. There are various methods to isolate, purify, and characterize lymphocytes from the tissues of infected animals. Some of these are elegant and sophisticated procedures that rely on expensive instrumentation to yield highly purified and well-characterized cell populations. The chapter focuses largely on simple preparative techniques that can be used by nearly any microbiology laboratory. These techniques will yield populations of lymphocytes suitable for functional assessment in vitro or adoptive transfer to recipient animals in vivo. The chapter discusses the use of adherence to remove mononuclear phagocytes and the use of nylon wool to enrich for T lymphocytes.
[9] α2-adrenergic receptor coupling to G proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on methods utilizing G protein subunit antibodies and receptor sequence peptides to probe α 2 AR-G protein interactions. Activation of the α 2 AR inhibits adenylylcyclase through the activation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein G i (22). As all three G i subtypes, along with G o , are inactivated by pertussis toxin, a method to discriminate among the G i subtypes is desirable in order to determine which G protein(s) are essential for α 2 AR inhibition of adenylylcyclase. Use of antisera directed against the C-terminal region of G il /G i2 or G i3 proteins in a high-affinity α 2 AR agonist-binding assay and adenylylcyclase assay demonstrated that both G i2 and G i3 transduce α 2 AR inhibition of adenylylcyclase. Various approaches are applicable to examining pertussis toxin-sensitive receptor signal transduction, are discussed. The G-protein-coupled receptors, including the α 2 AR, have a similar topographical arrangement in the membrane. These receptors contain seven membrane-spanning domains connected by three intracellular and three extracellular loops, with the C terminus intracellular.
On the Connection between the Minimal Fractal Manifold & Quantum Spin

As natural outcome of the Renormalization Group program, the minimal fractal manifold (MFM) describes a space-time continuum having arbitrarily small deviations from four-dimensions ( e = 4 – D , e << ). Recent studies point out that MFM offers unexplored solutions to the challenges raised by the Standard Model for particle physics. Here we show that the inner connection between MFM and local conformal field theory makes quantum spin a topological property of the MFM.
Using movement ecology to inform translocation efforts: a case study with an endangered lekking bird species

Translocation projects are often hindered by frequent or long-distance movements made by released animals. Studies identifying how and why animals move after release can inform future translocations and supplement the growing body of literature on translocation biology. We used radiotelemetry to compare movement behavior in 58 resident and 54 translocated endangered greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) that were collected approximately 500 km from the release area. Translocated birds tended to traverse larger areas than resident birds and their movements were elevated immediately following release. We found no evidence of directional orientation in the movements of translocated birds, and thus concluded that prairie-chickens were not homing toward their original capture locations. Rather, post-translocation movements of greater prairie-chickens were more likely associated with exploration. Our results also suggested that 54% of translocated females and 19% of translocated males may permanently emigrate from a release site. We recommend that greater prairie-chicken conservationists consider summer releases and larger release cohorts to account for the individuals that emigrate from the establishment site. Based on our findings, we further suggest that a greater number of future translocation projects consider the utility of evaluating post-release movements as a means of informing translocation decisions.
Mapping of the kinesin-related gene ATSV to chromosome 2q37

The human ATSV (axonal transporter of synaptic vesicles) gene encodes an anterograde axonal motor transport protein and demonstrates homology to the kinesin gene family in several species. The human ATSV gene was mapped to chromosome 2q37 by screening of a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid panel by the polymerase chain reaction and by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis using genomic and cDNA clones.
Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci in Leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) via 454 pyrosequencing

Leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) are distributed from Bahia Magdalena, through the Gulf of California and as far south as Jalisco, Mexico. They are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to significant fishing-induced declines over the past decade. Microsatellite loci were isolated by constructing a shotgun genomic library and sequencing using 454 XL + titanium chemistry. We characterized 15 polymorphic loci in 120 samples from three geographic locations. Genotyping yielded 15–60 alleles per locus with observed levels of heterozygosity ranging from 0.575 to 0.975.
A maternal effect in homozygous mei‐9amei‐41D5 repair deficient drosophila melanogaster females influencing the recovery rate of progeny bearing a Y chromosome

Evidence is presented supporting the suggestion that homozygosity for the repair-deficient mutants mei-9a mei-41D5 is associated with a maternal effect which affects detrimentally the recovery rate of Y chromosome-bearing offspring.
The Effect of Mail-in Utility Rebates on Willingness-to-Pay for ENERGY STAR $$^{\textregistered }$$ ® Certified Refrigerators

The number and variety of governmental programs designed to promote energy efficiency have increased over time. Examples include mandatory minimum efficiency standards, subsidies for more energy efficient goods and services, and consumer labels, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s ENERGY STAR $$^{\textregistered }$$ . While there has been considerable research on the effects of these programs in isolation, there has been less of a focus on joint effects or interactions between programs. This study examines how the offer of a mail-in rebate influences consumer willingness-to-pay for an ENERGY STAR-certified refrigerator. Data used for this study were collected from an online survey containing a hypothetical choice experiment conducted in the United States in 2009. Results suggest that the offer of a rebate induces uncertainty about the quality of ENERGY STAR-certified refrigerators and, thus, could actually reduce willingness-to-pay for such refrigerators.
General Characteristics of Dust Devils.

Abstract An extensive dust devil census taken near Tucson, Ariz., has provided, from two independent areas, quantitative information on the relation of environmental conditions to the spatial distribution, frequency and duration of a particular type of dry atmospheric thermal. The observations indicate that for these two areas, each approximately 100 mi2 in area, dust devils are initially sighted most frequently in the vicinity of dry river beds which lie in the lee of small hills. Once initiated, the visible lifetime of the observed dust devils ranged from a few seconds to approximately 20 rain. These data show that dust devil duration increases with dust devil size. The results indicate that the energy for the dust devil is the warm boundary layer air which is continually being fed into the visible vortex as it moves along with essentially the same speed and direction as the environmental wind. The highest dust devil frequency occurs with the lowest atmospheric stability and not necessarily with the hig...
Generalized Melting Criterion for Amorphization

We present a thermodynamic model of solid-state amorphization based on a generalization of the well-known Lindemann criterion. The original Lindemann criterion proposes that melting occurs when the root-mean-square amplitude of thermal displacement exceeds a critical value. This criterion can be generalized to include solid-state amorphization by taking into account the static displacements. In an effort to verify the generalized melting criterion, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of radiation-induced amorphization in NiZr, NiZr{sub 2}, NiTi and FeTi using embedded-atom potentials. The average shear elastic constant G was calculated as a function of the total mean-square atomic displacement following random atom-exchanges and introduction of Frenkel pairs. Results provide strong support for the generalized melting criterion.
An Analytical Model for Tropical Relative Humidity

AbstractAn analytical model is derived for tropical relative humidity using only the Clausius–Clapeyron relation, hydrostatic balance, and a bulk-plume water budget. This theory is constructed for radiative–convective equilibrium and compared against a cloud-resolving model. With some reinterpretation of variables, it can be applied more generally to the entire tropics.Given four variables—pressure, temperature, and the fractional entrainment and detrainment rates—the equations predict the relative humidity (RH) and the temperature lapse rate analytically. The RH is a simple ratio involving the fractional detrainment rate and the water-vapor lapse rate. When integrated upward in height, the equations give profiles of RH and temperature for a convecting atmosphere.The theory explains the magnitude of RH and the “C” shape of the tropospheric RH profile. It also predicts that RH is an invariant function of temperature as the atmosphere warms, and this behavior matches what has been seen in global climate mod...
Sound amplification by means of a horn-like roosting structure in Spix's disc-winged bat

While sound is a signal modality widely used by many animals, it is very susceptible to attenuation, hampering effective long-distance communication. A strategy to minimize sound attenuation that has been historically used by humans is to use acoustic horns; to date, no other animal is known to use a similar structure to increase sound intensity. Here, we describe how the use of a roosting structure that resembles an acoustic horn (the tapered tubes that form when new leaves of plants such as Heliconia or Calathea species start to unfurl) increases sound amplification of the incoming and outgoing social calls used by Spix's disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) to locate roosts and group members. Our results indicate that incoming calls are significantly amplified as a result of sound waves being increasingly compressed as they move into the narrow end of the leaf. Outgoing calls were faintly amplified, probably as a result of increased sound directionality. Both types of call, however, experienced significant sound distortion, which might explain the patterns of signal recognition previously observed in behavioural experiments. Our study provides the first evidence of the potential role that a roost can play in facilitating acoustic communication in bats.
What Have We Learned About Estimating the Demand for Money?: A Multicountry Evaluation of Some New Approaches

This paper provides estimates of the demand for both narrow and broad monetary aggregates for the five largest industrial countries using two recent approaches: buffer stock and error correction models. The performances of these models are compared with several versions of the conventional partial adjustment model. Tests are performed in order to evaluate the parameter stability, post-sample predictive ability, encompassing properties, and economic implications of the models. The results are encouraging with respect to the newer models, as they significantly outperform the traditional approach. It is found that the error correction model is especially promising as a general approach.