cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home Exercise Programs for Adults With Neurological Injuries: A Survey.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe current occupational therapy practices in the usage and prescription of and clinical reasoning process supporting home exercise programs (HEPs) for clients with neurological injuries (CWNIs). METHOD A survey was distributed via mail to 2,000 members of the American Occupational Therapy Association. The survey questions concerned basic demographics, current HEP practices, and attitudes toward using HEPs with CWNIs. RESULTS In the 360 returned surveys, occupational therapists reported numerous benefits of using HEPs and were able to clearly articulate their clinical reasoning. Commonly reported HEP activities were preparatory in nature, and the most frequently prescribed dosage was 16-30 min daily. Most therapists relied on the same clinical reasoning process but varied in implementation methods. CONCLUSION This study's results highlight the gaps between evidence and practice. The active ingredients in HEPs for CWNIs need to be more clearly defined and described.
Collagen incorporation within electrospun conduits reduces lipid oxidation and impacts conduit mechanics.

Modulating the host response, including the accumulation of oxidized lipid species, is important for improving tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) viability. Accumulation of oxidized lipids promotes smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyper-proliferation and inhibits endothelial cell migration, which can lead to several of the current challenges for small-diameter TEVGs. Generating biomaterials that reduce lipid oxidation is important for graft survival and this assessment can provide a reliable correlation to clinical situations. In this study, we determined the collagen to poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) ratio required to limit the production of pro-inflammatory species, while maintaining the required mechanical strength for the graft. Electrospun conduits were prepared from 0%, 10%, and 25% blends of collagen/PCL (w/w) and implanted in the rat peritoneal cavity for four weeks. The results showed that adding collagen to the PCL conduits reduced the accumulation of oxidized lipid species within the implanted conduits. In addition, the ratio of collagen had a significant impact on the recruited cell phenotype and construct mechanics. All conduits exhibited greater than 44% yield strain and sufficient tensile strength post-implantation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that incorporating collagen into synthetic electrospun scaffolds, both 10% and 25% blend conditions, appears to limit the pro-inflammatory characteristics after in vivo implantation.
A Spatial Join Query Optimization Algorithm Based on Grid Index

Arming at the problem of spatial join query processing in cloud computing,an effective spatial join query processing optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper,which is based on the MapReduce framework. Data space is partitioned into many grid cells by using grid division approach,and each spatial object in one data set is distributed into a grid cell according to its central point position,this avoids the redundant duplication of the data object. According to the intersection relationship of data objects contained by these grid cells,a grid index is constructed to filter useless join objects. For another data set,we use the grid index to duplicate each data object only to the grid cells in which there exists one data object intersected with the data object,and thus filtering out the useless data objects,thereby greatly reducing the corresponding computational cost. Comparative experiments on synthetic data and real data sets show that the proposed spatial data join query processing optimization algorithm has obvious advantages and better performance than SJMR algorithm.
Epidemic Characteristics of Scarlet Fever in Pinggu District of Beijing City during 2003-2009

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Pinggu District of Beijing City,and provide evidence for its control.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze scarlet fever data collected by Pinggu District CDC from 2003-2009.[Results]A total of 153 cases of scarlet fever were reported.The high incidence appeared in 2006 and 2007 in Pinggu District,with highest incidence in 2006(18.24/100 000) and lowest incidence in 2004(0.25/100 000).The overall incidence showed decreasing tendency,with fluctuation.Most cases were primary and secondary students(45.10%) and kindergarten children(47.06%).Male cases(64.71%) were more than female cases(35.29%).Urban incidence(53.59%)was higher than rural incidence(46.41%).In recent years,most cases concentrated in May and June(Cases of the 2 months occupied 52.94% of cases of the whole year).[Conclusion]School,kindergarten is the environment with high risk of scarlet fever,health care section at all levels should carry out regular training,propaganda and guidance of infectious knowledge.Students and kindergarten are focus groups for prevention.Health departments should join education department to take comprehensive control measures to prevent the outbreak of scarlet fever and keep its epidemic at a low level in Pinggu District.
Malignant Pyoderma Associated with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) as a Unique Indication for Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Part I.

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis) is a rare disease that commonly starts in the craniofacial region and can lead to considerable facial disfigurement. Granulomas and vasculitis, however, can involve many other tissues (especially pulmonary and renal). Dermatologic and subcutaneous components can lead to malignant pyoderma. Methods The authors describe a unique pathologic condition, where significant Le Fort type trauma was associated with subsequent development of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and malignant pyoderma. Successive operations to excise necrotic tissue and reconstruct the defects were followed by worsening inflammation and tissue erosions. Trauma and surgery in proximity to the eye and sinuses masked the initial clinical presentation and led to delay in diagnosis and disease progression. The resultant facial disfigurement and tissue loss were substantial. Results Despite multiple confounding factors, accurate diagnosis was eventually established. This was based on persistence of sinus inflammations in the absence of infective agents, proven sterility of lung lesions, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity with proteinase 3 specificity. Skin lesion biopsy specimens were identified as pyoderma gangrenosum and later as malignant pyoderma. Institution of immunosuppressive therapy allowed successful control of the disease and wound healing. The resulting craniofacial destruction, however, necessitated facial vascularized composite allotransplantation. Conclusion Recognition of this rare pathologic association is essential, to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment that can lead to major craniofacial tissue loss. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, V.
The Harmful and Residual Effects on Civilians by Bombing Dual-purpose Facilities

ABSTRACTThis article addresses what we owe to the civilians of a state with which we are militarily engaged. The old notion of noncombatant immunity needs to be rethought within the context of both human rights and into the postwar phase. No doubt, civilians will be killed in war. However, much more can be done during and after the fighting to protect civilians’ basic human rights from the ills of war. I argue for making belligerents accountable ex post by requiring them to repair destroyed dual-purpose facilities that are essential for securing basic human rights of the civilian populace. I argue also that a belligerent’s targeting decisions should be reviewed ex post by an impartial commission.
Humeral version in reverse shoulder arthroplasty affects impingement in activities of daily living.

Background Impingement after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been correlated with implant design and surgical techniques. Previous studies suggested that humeral retroversion can reduce impingement and increase external rotation range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this study was to determine how humeral version affects impingement in activities of daily living (ADLs). Materials and methods A single surgeon performed virtual RSA on 30 arthritic shoulders that were reconstructed from preoperative computed tomography scans. For each subject, the humeral component was placed into 5 versions: −40°,−20°, 0°, +20°, and +40° (– indicates retroversion, + indicates anteversion). Intra-articular and extra-articular impingement was calculated for 10 ADLs. Impingement-free ROM was also calculated for abduction, forward flexion, scapula plane elevation, and internal/external rotation (standardized tests). Risk of impingement for ADLs was assessed as the collective duration and frequency of impingement across all motions. Frequent impingement sites were identified. Results For the ADLs, 0° version showed the least amount of impingement. In contrast, 40° retroversion resulted in the largest ROM for the standardized tests (118° ± 19° abduction, 109° ± 16° forward flexion, 111° ± 10° scapula plane elevation, 140° ± 15° internal/external rotation). The site of impingement changed with version: retroversion increased the extra-articular impingement, and anteversion increased the contact between the inferior glenoid and the humeral cup. Conclusions Humeral version can significantly affect impingement in RSA. Maximizing ROM in standardized tests may not reduce the risk of impingement during ADLs. Our results showed that an average 0° of version should be preferred, but the large variability among subjects suggested that optimum version may vary among individuals.
Intellectual Property Protection in Emerging Economies and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights

In a perfect competition market system, there is no firm with market power, differentiated products, and there are no restrictions on entry or exit. However, economists have argued that knowledge serves as the competitive advantage in a perfect market. Such knowledge is used in the production of superior products, better methods of production, and gaining information that other organizations lack. Firms obtain knowledge through engaging in research and development. They require incentives to engage in research and development activities with the aim of creating knowledge or technologies that offer them a superior competitive advantage. Different countries have legal instruments that aim to protect such knowledge, known as intellectual properties. Intellectual property instruments include patents, copyright, trademarks, and trade secrets. Intellectual property protection enables organizations to undertake research and development with certainty that they will recoup their costs and obtain financial benefits. Intellectual property protection is important to emerging economies because it helps in the creation of new knowledge, broad sharing of knowledge, and promotes economic growth. Economic growth is through increased foreign direct investments, transfers of innovations, creation of new enterprises, and lowering transaction costs in trade. However, intellectual property protection also has negative impacts on emerging economies. It increases the market power of the rights owners, which impacts competition and pricing of products. It also leads to labor displacements in the short-term as people in newly protected sectors become temporarily unemployed. It could also deter foreign direct investment because foreign firms may prefer licensing instead of direct investment. Intellectual property protection may raise the cost of domestic innovation. Emerging economies may also experience problems in the administration and enforcement of protection in their countries. The benefits of intellectual property protection can be enhanced through the creation of an environment that favors economic growth. Emerging economies can obtain the benefits of intellectual property protections through an enactment of competitive policies, promotion of competitive practices, and increase the ability to utilize intellectual property protection.
Monoaminoxidase-B-Hemmung und der “Cheese effect”

Der fehlende “Cheese effect” (Verstarkung der sympathikomimetischen Wirkung von Tyramin) von R-(—)-Deprenyl (selektiver Monoaminoxidase-B-, MAO-B-Hemmer) wurde als eine wesentliche Eigenschaft dieses Hemmers angesehen. Die Entwicklung anderer selektiver MAO-B-Hemmer zeigte jedoch deutlich, das dies nicht der Fall ist, da der “Cheese effect” mit der selektiven Hemmung der MAO-A, dem fur die Noradrenalin-Oxidation in den Neuronen verantwortlichen Enzym, zusammenhangt. Nach Hemmung der neuronalen MAO-A kann Noradrenalin im zytoplasmatischen Pool der Neuronen hohe Spiegel erreichen. Da Tyramin Noradrenalin ins Zytoplasma und nicht in den Extrazellularraum freisetzt, wird seine Wirkung durch Hemmung der neuronalen MAO-A verstarkt.
Observation of different isoscaling behavior between emitted fragments and residues

Abstract The traditional isoscaling technique has been used to analyze all isotopically identified particles from 70 Zn+ 70 Zn and 64 Zn+ 64 Zn collisions at 35 MeV/u. Two additional techniques, using an energy-averaged ratio and using the data present in the tail of energy spectra, are compared to the traditional method and show similar results. Isoscaling fit parameters α and β are found both globally and for each individual series of constant Z and N . The data are then split up between emitted fragments and projectile-like fragments. Isoscaling values for the two different types of fragments are shown to be different, emphasizing the importance of experimentally distinguishing between projectile-like fragments and emitted fragments in order to achieve accurate isoscaling parameters.
M-Integral and Virial Theorem in Elastodynamics

The elastodynamic M-integral of Fracture Mechanics is formulated via the virial theorem of continuum mechanics. The theorem is adapted to nonlinear elastic solids and presented in physical as well as in material space, so that it is consistent with associated balance laws. The M-integral is applied to a stationary crack subjected to time harmonic load and it is related to the J-integral.
How Basic Studies of Insects Have Helped Man

“The Bugs Are Coming” exclaims the banner headline of a recent cover story in Time magazine. In the article itself we learn how the human race is presently losing ground in its age-old battle with the insects. The scenario involves two intractable difficulties. The first is that conventional chemical pesticides which are being used throughout the world on an ever-increasing scale are too broad in their effects. They are toxic not only to the pests at which they are aimed but also to other animals. Moreover, by persisting in the environment, and sometimes even increasing in concentration as they are passed along the food chain, they present a hazard to other organisms including man. The second difficulty is that insects have shown a remarkable ability to evolve a resistance to conventional chemical pesticides. For this reason the conventional pesticides—our first line of defense against insect pests and vectors of disease—are losing much of their former effectiveness.
Sensorless direct torque control of induction motors with fault-tolerant extended Kalman filtering

Induction motors, which have been widely used in various practical applications, such as fans, pumps, machine tools, vehicle traction motors, etc., are truly the industrial workhorses over the past 120 years. To improve the sensorless induction motor control performance and develop more fault-tolerant motor drives, the paper presents a novel sensorless direct torque control approach based on the proposed fault tolerant extended Kalman filter. The novel nonlinear observer has shown superior performance over the traditional extended Kalman filter based sensorless direct torque control approach. Computer simulation studies and TMS320F28335 DSP hardware implementation have shown the efficacy of the proposed method.
Hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome: a primer for obstetricians/gynecologists.

Abstract An understanding of the diagnosis and clinical management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is essential for obstetricians/gynecologists. This article provides practical information regarding collecting a family history, cancer risk assessment and genetic testing, BRCA-associated cancer prognosis and treatment, screening recommendations, and prevention strategies. Through appropriate cancer risk assessment, women with BRCA1/2 mutations can be identified, and screening and prevention strategies can be used before a diagnosis of cancer occurs. Women's health providers with a strong working knowledge of HBOC are able to improve the quality of care for women and families impacted by BRCA1/2 mutations.
Networked Innovation: Using Roadmapping to Facilitate Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation

The nature of relationships between firms has changed from a supply chain to a supply network and increasingly toward an ecosystem. The demands of each of these are different, as are the resulting uncertainties. Roadmapping is a method that at its core is used to buy down uncertainty. To achieve value the firm must understand its role in the network, and the way that its goals are related to the network’s overall effectiveness. There are three aspects of the interaction between firms that are relevant to networked innovation: coordination (linking activity to time in a transaction-based relationship), collaboration (linking activity to intent in a co-creation relationship) and cooperation (linking activity to value creation across an ecosystem or platform). Ultimately, the way that roadmapping is approached should balance the goals of the firm and the network, the sources of uncertainty and the most likely types of interactions.
Problems Related to Underservice of Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

Data suggest that students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) are underidentified and underserved for a variety of reasons. In response to this problem, the authors identify misinformati...
¿Qué significa cumplir los cuarenta? Cultura y crisis a la mitad de la vida

In the western world, and particularly in the Mediterranean countries, it is generally accepted that men believe they experience a personal crisis at age 40. This even has been the subject of «scientific» explanations in which various factors such as demography, the home cycle, practices in the workplace, and physiological and psychological circumstances have been considered. The author, however, argues that what lies behind these «crises» is the power of symbols. There is a correspondence between the way we think of numbers and the way we think of ages; and potent symbols, like age 40, can endure because their meanings are transformed in accordance with envolving socioeconomic circumstances.
WHAT MATTERS THE MOST? OPTIMAL QUICK CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ISSUE REPORTS BY IMPORTANCE

Civic engagement platforms such as SeeClickFix and FixMyStreet have revolutionized the way citizens interact with local governments to report and resolve urban issues. However, recognizing which urban issues are important to the community in an accurate and timely manner is essential for authorities to prioritize important issues, allocate resources and maintain citizens’ satisfaction with local governments. To this end, a novel formulation based on optimal stopping theory is devised to infer urban issues importance from ambiguous textual, time and location information. The goal is to optimize recognition accuracy, while minimizing the time to reach a decision. The optimal classification and stopping rules are derived. Furthermore, a near–real–time urban issue reports processing method to infer the importance of incoming issues is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated on a real–word dataset from SeeClick-Fix, where significant reduction in time–to–decision without sacrificing accuracy is observed.
Teaching Religion in a Changing Public University

Teaching Religion in a Changing Public University reviews the teaching of religious studies in public universities, with exploration of the challenges and opportunities for the future. Dr. Gravett assesses the current status of the field within the challenges facing universities in general and humanities in particular as we move into the twenty-first century. She notes that: Revolutionary changes in the higher education landscape call for sustained reflection on impact of these items on the structures in which academic work in religious studies happens and the conditions of faculty life. The advent of new educational technologies, the needs of more diverse student bodies, and alterations in the relationships between universities and communities also raise questions about how religious studies scholars and the programs they provide will evolve. From this understanding, she provides a succinct and insightful analysis of the types of courses taught in religious studies programs and how these fare (or not) in new modalities impacted by technological change and digital learning. Dr. Gravett's discussion of the challenges of an increasingly multicultural environment, with its religious pluralism, and the possible roles of religious studies scholars and programs, orient the reader toward present complexities and the potential of religious studies to not only survive but add increasing impact in the future.
Thermal Conductivity of a Glassy Metal at Low Temperatures

The phonon thermal conductivity of an amorphous PdSi metallic alloy has been measured and found to have the magnitude and temperature dependence characteristic of non-crystalline dielectric materials.
Polyeder und Lineare Programme

In diesem Kapitel behandeln wir zunachst einige Resultate uber Polyeder, die uber das hinausgehen, was man fur beliebige konvexe Mengen sagen kann. Dies ist dadurch motiviert, das Polyeder als die Zulassigkeitsbereiche linearer Programme fur die Optimierung besonders wichtig sind. Im Anschlus daran betrachten wir dann ausfuhrlich die Theorie der linearen Programme und uberlegen uns schlieslich, wie man Ecken und extremale freie Richtungen von Polyedern, die zu linearen Programmen in Standardform gehoren, algebraisch beschreiben kann. Dieses Kapitel liefert uns somit die Grundlagen fur die algorithmische Behandlung linearer Programme mit dem Simplexverfahren in Kap. 4.
Optical Coherence Tomography, Fluorescein Angiography, and Electroretinography Features of Niacin Maculopathy: New Insight Into Pathogenesis:

Purpose:We describe the features of niacin maculopathy in a 61-year old man using ocular coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and electroretinography (ERG).Methods:A case report is ...
Isolation of Stem-like Cells from 3-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures

Despite advances in adult stem cell research, identification and isolation of stem cells from tissue specimens remains a major challenge. While resident stem cells are relatively quiescent with niche restraints in adult tissues, they enter the cell cycle in anchor-free three-dimensional (3D) culture and undergo both symmetric and asymmetric cell division, giving rise to both stem and progenitor cells. The latter proliferate rapidly and are the major cell population at various stages of lineage commitment, forming heterogeneous spheroids. Using primary normal human prostate epithelial cells (HPrEC), a spheroid-based, label-retention assay was developed that permits the identification and functional isolation of the spheroid-initiating stem cells at a single cell resolution. HPrEC or cell lines are two-dimensionally (2D) cultured with BrdU for 10 days to permit its incorporation into the DNA of all dividing cells, including self-renewing stem cells. Wash out commences upon transfer to the 3D culture for 5 days, during which stem cells self-renew through asymmetric division and initiate spheroid formation. While relatively quiescent daughter stem cells retain BrdU-labeled parental DNA, the daughter progenitors rapidly proliferate, losing the BrdU label. BrdU can be substituted with CFSE or Far Red pro-dyes, which permit live stem cell isolation by FACS. Stem cell characteristics are confirmed by in vitro spheroid formation, in vivo tissue regeneration assays, and by documenting their symmetric/asymmetric cell divisions. The isolated label-retaining stem cells can be rigorously interrogated by downstream molecular and biologic studies, including RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, single cell capture, metabolic activity, proteome profiling, immunocytochemistry, organoid formation, and in vivo tissue regeneration. Importantly, this marker-free functional stem cell isolation approach identifies stem-like cells from fresh cancer specimens and cancer cell lines from multiple organs, suggesting wide applicability. It can be used to identify cancer stem-like cell biomarkers, screen pharmaceuticals targeting cancer stem-like cells, and discover novel therapeutic targets in cancers.
The Portfolio Ideal Worker: Insecurity and Inequality in the New Economy

Abstract The white-collar ideal worker norm helps to explain why social inequality persists in the workplace, yet the concept reflects corporate workplaces of the mid-twentieth century. This article identifies emerging cultural ideals for white-collar workers in today’s economy by examining the experiences of high earners in financial services. Despite its glorification of flexibility and independence, scholars have shown how the “new economy” produces different forms of inequality at work than in the post-World War II era. Drawing from interviews with 48 hedge fund workers and field observations at workplaces and industry events, I bring together well-known features of work in the new economy to update the white-collar ideal worker norm to reflect changes in the organization of work. I call this the portfolio ideal because it captures how white-collar workers must make ongoing investments in resources and development to create a portfolio of skills and experiences that allows them to navigate the turbulence of the neoliberal new economy. As portfolio workers, hedge fund workers identify as independent workers, value a passion for the work, take risks to get ahead, and invest in social capital. Although it appears to be disembodied, the portfolio norm reflects implicit assumptions about gender, race, and social class. By shedding light on cultural responses to job polarization and income inequality, this research helps to identify a shift from a more collective work arrangement to one that is individually oriented, which transfers the risks of employment from employers to workers.
The paraventricular thalamus provides a polysynaptic brake on limbic CRF neurons to sex-dependently blunt binge alcohol drinking and avoidance behavior

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) neurons that synthesize and release the stress neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) drive binge alcohol drinking and anxiety, behaviors that are primary risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid neuropsychiatric diseases more common in women than men. Here, we show that female C57BL/6J mice binge drink more than males and have greater basal BNSTCRF neuron excitability and synaptic excitation. We identified a dense VGLUT2+ glutamatergic synaptic input from the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) that is anatomically similar in males and females. These PVTBNST neurons release glutamate directly onto BNSTCRF neurons but also engage a large BNST interneuron population to ultimately provide a net inhibition of BNSTCRF neurons, and both components of this polysynaptic PVTVGLUT2-BNSTCRF circuit are more robust in females than males. While chemogenetic inhibition of the general PVTVGLUT2 neuron population suppressed binge alcohol drinking in both sexes, chemogenetic inhibition specifically of the PVTBNST projection promoted this behavior in females without affecting males; chemogenetic activation of the pathway was sufficient to reduce avoidance behavior in both sexes in anxiogenic contexts. Lastly, we show that withdrawal from repeated binge drinking produces a female-like phenotype in the male PVT-BNSTCRF excitatory synapse without altering the function of PVTBNST neurons per se. Our data describe a complex and unique behavioral role of the feedforward inhibitory PVTVGLUT2-BNSTCRF glutamatergic circuit that is more robust in females and undergoes sex-dependent alcohol-induced plasticity.
Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Schools: Getting Started

Exposure and response prevention is an evidence-based intervention recommended as a first-line treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Despite over a century of research establishing its efficacy, many school- and college-aged youth fail to receive timely and effective treatment. This brief review will summarize the rationale and efficacy of exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, highlight the challenges of treatment implementation, and provide resources for practitioners seeking to apply exposure therapy in practice.
Efficacy of corticosteroid solution administration via Mygind's position for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Objective To investigate whether direct steroid application via Mygind's position improved objective and subjective measures of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients seen by the senior author in a Rhinology Clinic of a tertiary academic center over a 2 year period. Patients whose only change in medical regimen was initiation of corticosteroid administration via Mygind's position were included for this analysis. The main subjective and objective outcome measures were Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and endoscopy scores, respectively. Patient scores before and after the change in treatment were compared and analyzed using Student's t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Twenty-two patients were identified for inclusion. There was a statistically significant decrease in overall nasal endoscopy scores for both the right (P = .001) and left (P = .001) sides. A statistically significant and clinically meaningful decrease in total SNOT-22 scores (12.7 points, P = .008) was also seen. Intolerance to the regimen was observed in 5/48 patients reviewed for inclusion (10.4%), with issues including neck pain, burning, pressure, and thrush. Conclusion The direct application of topical corticosteroids, specifically via Mygind's position, may improve both objective exam findings and clinical symptomatology in patients with CRSwNP compared to indirect application. Intolerance to the regimen can be observed. Level of evidence 4-Case series (with or without comparison).
Ambroxol Hydrochloride Inhibits the Interaction between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Protein’s Receptor Binding Domain and Recombinant Human ACE2

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), enters the host cells through two main pathways, both involving key interactions between viral envelope-anchored spike glycoprotein of the novel coronavirus and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). To date, SARS-CoV-2 has infected up to 26 million people worldwide; yet, there is no clinically approved drug or vaccine available. Therefore, a rapid and coordinated effort to re-purpose clinically approved drugs that prevent or disrupt these critical entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein interaction with human ACE2, could potentially accelerate the identification and clinical advancement of prophylactic and/or treatment options against COVID-19, thus providing possible countermeasures against viral entry, pathogenesis and survival. Herein, we discovered that Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), and its progenitor, Bromhexine hydrochloride (BHH), both clinically approved drugs are potent effective modulators of the key interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2. We also found that both compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytopathic effect at micromolar concentrations. Therefore, in addition to the known TMPRSS2 activity of BHH; we report for the first time that the BHH and AMB pharmacophore has the capacity to target and modulate yet another key protein-protein interaction essential for the two known SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways into host cells. Altogether, the potent efficacy, excellent safety and pharmacologic profile of both drugs along with their affordability and availability, makes them promising candidates for drug repurposing as possible prophylactic and/or treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Landslide monitoring and runout hazard assessment by integrating multi-source remote sensing and numerical models: an application to the Gold Basin landslide complex, northern Washington

The landslide complex at Gold Basin, Washington, has been drawing considerable attention after a catastrophic runout of the nearby landslide at Oso, Washington, in 2014. To evaluate potential threats of the Gold Basin landslide to the campground down the slope, remote sensing and numerical modeling were integrated to monitor recent landslide activity and simulate hypothetical runout scenarios. Bare-earth LiDAR DEM (digital elevation model) differencing, InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar), and offset tracking of SAR images reveal that localized collapses at the headscarps have been the primary type of landslide activity at Gold Basin from 2005 to 2019, and currently no signs indicative of movement of a large centralized block or a deep-seated main body were detected. The maximum horizontal deformation rate is 5 m/year occurring primarily from headscarp recession of the middle lobe, and the annual landsliding volume of the whole landslide complex averages 1.03 × 105 m3. From three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis of generalized terrace structures, the maximum landslide volume is estimated as 2.0 × 106 m3. Simulations of hypothetical runout scenarios were carried out using the depth-averaged two-phase model D-claw with above-obtained landslide geometry constraints. The simulation results demonstrate that debris flows with volume less than 105 m3 only pose limited threats to the campground, while volumes over 106 m3 could cause severe damages. Consequently, the estimated maximum landslide volume of 2.0 × 106 m3 suggests a potential risk to the campground nearby. Adaption of our methodology could prove useful for evaluating other similar landslides globally for hazards prevention and mitigation.
Data Science Curriculum Design: A Case Study

There is an increasing demand for data scientists in the current job market. Hence, many two-year and four-year colleges and universities started to offer Data Science degrees in the recent decade. In this paper, we describe an undergraduate Data Science curriculum that focuses on computational skills and mathematical foundations, with inclusion of a domain in business analytics. We expect this paper to be used by institutions as a guideline while planning their Data Science undergraduate degree. We reviewed around 100 undergraduate Data Science programs in the U.S. and summarized their common approaches and we also reviewed several Data Science curriculum development guidelines. Then, we developed our interdisciplinary undergraduate Data Science program that consists of (1) mathematics and statistics foundation courses covering discrete mathematics, linear algebra, introductory statistics, analysis of variance, and regression, (2) computer science foundation courses covering two programming languages (namely Python and Java), data structures, and database management, (3) core data science courses covering data science and visualization, statistical machine learning, data mining, and machine learning, and finally (4) courses from the business domain covering business intelligence analytics and predictive analytics. At the end of the degree program, we include a choice among a senior capstone course, a statistical consulting course, or an internship. We also discuss the collaboration between departments and colleges for this program.
Error analysis of the poisson P3M force field scheme for particle-based simulations of biological systems

The ability to accurately simulate electrolyte solutions is a strong requirement for the modeling of charge transport in ion channels. In this work, a Particle-Particle–Particle-Mesh (P3M) algorithm is used to model the electrostatic interactions governing the physics of electrolyte solutions. The goal of this study is to define the parameters relevant for this force field, and their respective influence on the accuracy of the simulation. Simulations have been performed for extended ranges of these parameters and the results are compared to theoretical models. Finally, the trade-offs between optimal algorithmic efficiency and accuracy are analyzed.
The Role of Information in Environmental Justice

The American Bar Association Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources and the University of Mississippi School of Law co-hosted a Symposium on U.S. Environmental Justice and the Law in April 2011. The Symposium brought representatives of academia, government, the private bar, non-governmental organizations, and the corporate sector to the University of Mississippi School of Law to discuss current issues in the field of environmental justice. At the Symposium, the author moderated a panel discussion on the topic from which the title of this article is taken. This article expands on that discussion by examining the critical importance of information to efforts to identify and address environmental justice concerns. This article further surveys important developments in the generation, use, and promotion of public access to information relevant to such efforts, including significant developments which occurred after the April 2011 Symposium. Because so many of these developments occurred at the federal level, the focus of this article is on federal environmental justice information policy and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Bariatric surgery in patients with advanced heart failure: A proposed multi-disciplinary pathway for surgical care in medically complex patients.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to develop a multi-disciplinary care pathway to minimize perioperative complications in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients with severe obesity and heart failure carry increased perioperative surgical risk compared to patients with no heart failure due to the severity of their cardiac disease state and associated comorbidities. Our bariatric program routinely excluded patients with advanced heart failure from undergoing bariatric surgery due to the high reported perioperative risk. However, knowing the potential beneficial impact of bariatric surgery for advanced heart failure, our program hoped that the thoughtful development of a perioperative pathway before inclusion of patients with advanced heart failure in the bariatric surgery program could minimize the morbidity of these high-risk patients in comparison to prior publications in the literature. Methods Two multi-disciplinary care pathways were developed, including advanced heart failure, anticoagulation specialists, and transplant cardiologists, to optimize bariatric care for severely obese patients with advanced heart failure with or without mechanical circulatory support and implementation was evaluated for short-term 30-day complications and 6 month cardiac and weight-loss outcomes. Results Two multi-disciplinary care pathways were developed and implemented on 5 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (pathway 1) and 3 patients requiring mechanical circulatory support (pathway 2). There were no in-hospital complications or mortality following either pathway, and there was only 1 emergency room visit and 1 re-admission. The average length of stay for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction without mechanical circulatory support was 2.4 days and for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with mechanical circulatory support was 4.3 days. Three patients met body mass index criteria for transplant listing at 6 months. Ejection fraction increased an average of 9% at 6 months postoperatively for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction not requiring mechanical circulatory support. Conclusion With multi-disciplinary care pathway development designed to maximize safety by intensely supporting preoperative cardiac optimization and medication titration postoperatively, bariatric surgery can be performed in patients with advanced heart failure with or without mechanical circulatory support, allowing patients the opportunity for weight loss as a bridge to transplant or potentially meaningful cardiac recovery.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis identifies skin-specific T-cell responses in systemic sclerosis.

Objectives Although T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a comprehensive study of T-cell-mediated immune responses in the affected skin of patients with progressive SSc is lacking. Droplet-based single-cell transcriptome analysis of SSc skin biopsies opens avenues for dissecting patient-specific T-cell heterogeneity, providing a basis for identifying novel gene expression related to functional pathways associated with severity of SSc skin disease. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed by droplet-based sequencing (10x Genomics), focusing on 3729 CD3+ lymphocytes (867 cells from normal and 2862 cells from SSc skin samples) from skin biopsies of 27 patients with active SSc and 10 healthy donors. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of progressive SSc skin samples validated transcriptional results and visualised spatial localisations of T-cell subsets. Results We identified several subsets of recirculating and tissue-resident T cells in healthy and SSc skin that were associated with distinct signalling pathways. While most clusters shared a common gene expression signature between patients and controls, we identified a unique cluster of recirculating CXCL13+ T cells in SSc skin which expressed a T helper follicular-like gene expression signature and that appears to be poised to promote B-cell responses within the inflamed skin of patients. Conclusions Current available therapies to reverse or even slow progression of SSc lead to broad killing of immune cells and consequent toxicities, including death. Identifying the precise immune mechanism(s) driving SSc pathogenesis could lead to innovative therapies that selectively target the aberrant immune response, resulting in better efficacy and less toxicity.
Bioelectromagnetic platform for stimulation

ABSTRACT Magnetogenetics is a new field that utilizes electromagnetic fields to remotely control cellular activity. In addition to the development of the biological genetic tools, this approach requires designing hardware with a specific set of demands for the electromagnets used to provide the desired stimulation for electrophysiology and imaging experiments. Here we present a universal stimulus delivery system comprised of four magnet designs compatible with electrophysiology, fluorescence and luminescence imaging, microscopy, and freely behaving animal experiments. The overall system includes a low-cost stimulation controller which enables rapid switching between active and sham stimulation trials as well as precise control of stimulation delivery.
A 48-Year-Old Amateur Bodybuilder With History of Provoked DVT With Subacute Progressive Shortness of Breath.

Case Presentation A 48-year-old man presented with 6 months of progressive shortness of breath, intermittent exertional left-sided chest pain, and bilateral lower extremity edema. During the 2 days before admission, he experienced new onset confusion, fatigue, and malaise that prompted evaluation. He denied fever, chills, cough, or sputum production. He used anabolic steroids for 20 years as part of his bodybuilding hobby. Recently, he also began injecting mineral oil into his pectoral, bicep, and shoulder muscles for an improved muscular appearance. Additionally, he had a history of provoked DVT after traumatic fracture, schizophrenia, hypertension, and epilepsy. He was a former cigarette smoker with 2.5 pack-year history, having quit 10 years earlier. The patient’s occupation was construction, installing aluminum gutters. He specifically denied exposures to sand-blasting, coal, beryllium, hard metals, silicone, and fine particles. He had no recent travel, sick contacts, or animal exposures.
Black Landscapes Matter: edited by Walter Hood and Grace Mitchell Tada, Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, 2020, vi+200 pp., US$35.00 (paper), ISBN: 978-0-8139-4486-9

The Black Lives Matter movement as well as defiant, sometimes deadly, defenses of statues memorializing Confederate soldiers and other emblems of white supremacy has forced Americans to confront th...
Gender Differences in Asthma

Publisher Summary Asthma is a major public health problem. It remains a very common cause of substantial morbidity and occasional mortality. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of symptom history, clinical exam, and pulmonary function testing. The defining pathology of this chronic disease of the airways is allergic inflammation. The inflammatory response involves abundant eosinophils, as well as multiple other cell types including mast cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. However, the precise relationship of the many pathogenic cells and mediators to specific signs or symptoms is complex and remains the subject of active research. There are important gender differences in asthma. A core observation in many epidemiologic studies is that asthma prevalence differs depending on sex and age. In the pre-pubertal population, asthma is more common in boys compared to girls. After puberty, the gender ratio shifts to favor females. The magnitude of this gender difference is perhaps best described as modest (post-pubertal male vs. female odds ratio 0.8, or 44.4d% of males with current asthma were diagnosed at 18 years or older vs. 63.9% for females). However, given the large number of asthmatics (e.g. approximately 10% of the population), these percentage shifts have considerable impact. The basis for these gender effects remains incompletely understood, but significant progress has been made. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms behind this phenomenon will allow for better care of asthmatic patients. This chapter first reviews the clinical and epidemiologic data concerning gender differences in asthma, and then examines the literature regarding potential mechanisms. The potential etiologies examined include developmental differences, estrogens, progesterone, and androgens.