cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Habits Associated with Weight Regain After Intentional Loss in Primary Care Patients Participating in a Randomized Trial

Though long-term weight loss maintenance is the treatment goal for obesity, weight regain is typical and few studies have evaluated lifestyle habits associated with weight regain. To identify dietary and physical activity habits associated with 6- and 24-month weight regain among participants in a weight loss maintenance clinical trial. Secondary analysis of randomized clinical trial data. Adult primary care patients with recent, intentional weight loss of at least 5%. Lifestyle habits included consumption of low-fat foods, fish, desserts, sugary beverages, fruits, and vegetables and eating at restaurants from the Connor Diet Habit Survey; moderate-vigorous physical activity by self-report; steps recorded by a pedometer; and sedentary behavior by self-report. The outcome variable was weight change at 6 and 24 months. Linear regression models estimated adjusted associations between changes in weight and changes in dietary and physical activity habits. Overall, participants (mean (SD): 53.4 (12.2) years old; 26% male; 88% white) maintained weight loss at 6 months (n = 178, mean (SD): − 0.02 (5.70)% change) but began to regain weight by 24 months (n = 157, mean (SD): 4.22 (9.15)% increase). When considered all together, more eating at restaurants, reduced fish consumption, and less physical activity were most consistently associated with weight regain in fully adjusted models at both 6 and 24 months of follow-up. In addition, more sedentary behavior was associated with weight regain at 6 months while reduced consumption of low-fat foods, and more desserts and sugary beverages were associated with weight regain at 24 months. Consuming less fish, fewer steps per day, and more frequent restaurant eating were most consistently associated with weight regain in primary care patients. Primary care providers may consider addressing specific lifestyle behaviors when counseling patients after successful weight loss. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01946191
COVID-19 Pandemic in Assisted Living Communities: Results from Seven States

OBJECTIVE To describe variations in COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths among assisted living (AL) residents and examine their associations with key AL characteristics. DESIGN Observational study employing data on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in ALs from seven states, through May 29, 2020. SETTING Information on COVID-19 cases/deaths in ALs was obtained from state government websites. A national inventory of ALs was used to identify communities with and without COVID-19 cases/deaths. Medicare Beneficiary Summary File identifying AL residents was employed to develop AL characteristics. County-level COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases/deaths were obtained from publicly available data. PARTICIPANTS We found 4,865 ALs (2,647 COVID-19 cases and 777 deaths) in the seven states. After excluding missing data, the sample consisted of 3,994 ALs (82.1%) with 2,542 cases (96.0%) and 675 deaths (86.9%). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes were AL-level counts of cases and deaths. Covariates were AL characteristics and county-level confirmed COVID-19 cases/deaths. Multivariable two-part models determined the associations of independent variables with the likelihood of at least one case and death in the AL, and with the count of cases (deaths). RESULTS State case fatality ranged from 3.32% in North Carolina to 9.26% in Connecticut, but for ALs in these states it was 12.89% and 31.59%, respectively. Among ALs with at least one case, midsize communities had fewer cases (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.829; P = .004) than small ALs. ALs with higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities had more COVID-19 cases (IRR = 1.08; P < .001), as did communities with higher proportions of residents with dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ALs with a higher proportion of minorities had more COVID-19 cases. Many of the previously identified individual risk factors are also present in this vulnerable population. The impact of COVID-19 on ALs is as critical as that on nursing homes, and is worth equal attention from policy makers.
Numerical study of the effect of pressure amplitude and frequency on secondary acoustic radiation force between two polystyrene particles in water

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels emulate the behavior of natural platelets, promoting wound healing. Our previous studies suggested that ultrasound stimulation of these synthetic platelets further enhances wound healing, by increasing particle displacement and deformation. It is necessary to understand and model the interaction between ultrasound and these particles. We hypothesize that the acoustic radiation force may play a role. Two types of radiation force are considered: a primary radiation force caused by the external acoustic field, and a secondary radiation force resulting from scattering between particles. We present a parametric numerical study of the interaction between polystyrene beads (similar to the synthetic platelets) and an acoustic field, to investigate the effect of magnitude, frequency and bandwidth of excitation field on particle response. This is done via the numerical modeling of the primary and secondary radiation forces using 2-D and 3-D FEM. The 3-D simulations capture the re-scattering effects between the particles. One particle is placed at the origin of the coordinate system (scatterer) and a second particle (probe) is placed in the nodal and anti-nodal pressure planes. The numerical results show a good agreement with the governing theoretical equations proposed by Silva and Bruus, suggesting the relevance of the radiation force hypothesis.
Robust design optimization under dependent random variables by a generalized polynomial chaos expansion

New computational methods are proposed for robust design optimization (RDO) of complex engineering systems subject to input random variables with arbitrary, dependent probability distributions. The methods are built on a generalized polynomial chaos expansion (GPCE) for determining the second-moment statistics of a general output function of dependent input random variables, an innovative coupling between GPCE and score functions for calculating the second-moment sensitivities with respect to the design variables, and a standard gradient-based optimization algorithm, establishing direct GPCE, single-step GPCE, and multi-point single-step GPCE design processes. New analytical formulae are unveiled for design sensitivity analysis that is synchronously performed with statistical moment analysis. Numerical results confirm that the proposed methods yield not only accurate but also computationally efficient optimal solutions of several mathematical and simple RDO problems. Finally, the success of conducting stochastic shape optimization of a steering knuckle demonstrates the power of the multi-point single-step GPCE method in solving industrial-scale engineering problems.
Flea beetles of the West Indies: the genus Hemilactica Blake, 1937 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini).

The West Indian flea beetle genus Hemilactica Blake, 1937 is reviewed. Two new species, both from the Dominican Republic are described and illustrated: H. erwinisp. nov. and H. sierramatringarciasp. nov. In addition, images of the holotypes of H. portoricensis Blake, H. pulchella Blake, and H. rugosa Blake are provided. Lactica megaspila (Blake) is transferred to Hemilactica. A lectotype of H. quatuordecimpunctata (Suffrian, 1868) is designated and illustrated, and a key to the Hemilactica species and a key for identification of Hemilactica and related genera occurring in the Western Hemisphere are provided.
Reoperation rates and patient-reported outcomes of single and two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

The purposes of this study were to identify the 2 year rate of reoperation and determine patient-reported outcomes after elective one- and two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with structural allograft and anterior plating using indications similar to cervical disc arthroplasty. A retrospective chart review was performed on 116 consecutive one- and two-level primary ACDF for adult degenerative disease with structural allograft and anterior plating in one surgeon’s practice. Patient-reported visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and radiographs, collected prospectively on all operative patients preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were reviewed. Patient demographics and reoperation rates were obtained from the chart. One hundred and four patients were identified with a final reoperation rate of 2.9% at a mean final follow-up 2 years (95% CI 17.2–29.0). No reoperations occurred within 90 days. After 1 year, three patients required reoperation. The mean patient-reported outcomes improved (VAS, 6.6 preoperatively to 3.0 at final follow-up and ODI, 24.3 preoperatively to 12.3 at final follow-up). These improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.01). No significant patient risk factors for reoperation were found. The rate of reoperation for one- and two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at follow-up was found to be lower than those previously published in the literature quoted for CDA. Arthrodesis continues to demonstrate improvements in patient-reported outcomes.
President paragraphs

A collection of 220 paragraphs of graded value about U.S. presidents is given. The collection includes 16 paragraphs about each of nine presidents and 8 paragraphs about each of eight presidents. For each president, the paragraphs have one of four rough values for judgments of statesmanship, H, M+, M-, and L. These paragraphs have proved useful in experimental applications of integration theory to attitude change. Other advantages of U.S. history as a source of issues and material for research on attitudes are also pointed out.
Excited-State Bond Contraction and Charge Migration in a Platinum Dimer Complex Characterized by X-ray and Optical Transient Absorption Spectroscopy.

Interactions between metal centers in dimeric transition metal complexes (TMCs) play important roles in their excited-state energetics and pathways and, thus, affect their photophysical properties relevant to their applications, for example, photoluminescent materials and photocatalysis. Here, we report electronic and nuclear structural dynamics studies of two photoexcited pyrazolate-bridged [Pt(ppy)(μ-R2pz)]2-type Pt(II) dimers (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, μ-R2pz = 3,5-substituted pyrazolate): [Pt(ppy)(μ-H2pz)]2 (1) and [Pt(NDI-ppy)(μ-Ph2pz)]2 (2, NDI = 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide), both of which have distinct ground-state Pt-Pt distances. X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy at the Pt LIII-edge revealed a new d-orbital vacancy due to the one-electron oxidation of the Pt centers in 1 and 2. However, while a transient Pt-Pt contraction was observed in 2, such an effect was completely absent in 1, demonstrating how the excited states of these complexes are determined by the overlap of the Pt (dz2) orbitals, which is tuned by the steric bulk of the pyrazolate R-groups in the 3- and 5-positions. In tandem with analysis of the Pt-Pt distance structural parameter, we observed photoinduced electron transfer in 2 featuring a covalently linked NDI acceptor on the ppy ligand. The formation and subsequent decay of the NDI radical anion absorption signals were detected upon photoexcitation using optical transient absorption spectroscopy. The NDI radical anion decayed on the same time scale, hundreds of picoseconds, as that of the d-orbital vacancy signal of the oxidized Pt-Pt core observed in the XTA measurements. The data indicated an ultrafast formation of the charge-separated state and subsequent charge recombination to the original Pt(II-II) species.
Signal processing, imaging and cryptography with ultrashort laser pulses

Applications of ultrashort pulse laser technology in information processing, imaging and communication security are discussed in the paper.
Error assessment of homogenized cross sections generation for whole core neutronic calculation

The objective of the work here was to assess the errors introduced by using 2D, few group homogenized cross sections to perform neutronic analysis of BWR problems with significant axial heterogeneities. The 3D method of characteristics code DeCART is used to generate 2‐group assembly homogenized cross sections first using a conventional 2D lattice model and then using a full 3D solution of the assembly. A single BWR fuel assembly model based on an advanced BWR lattice design is used with a typical void distribution applied to the fuel channel coolant. This model is validated against an MCNP model. A comparison of the cross sections is performed for the assembly homogenized planar cross sections from the DeCART 3D and DeCART 2D solutions.
Interior White Tissue and External Tomato Irregular Ripening Are Not Increased by Harvesting Tomato Fruit at the Mature-Green Stage

ABSTRACT The effect of fruit maturity at harvest from a tomato field plot without detectable silverleaf whiteflies (SLWF) on subsequent internal white tissue (IWT) and external tomato irregular ripening (TIR) was assessed. SLWF damage has been documented as the primary cause of IWT and external TIR, but some symptoms are observed in the absence of detectable whiteflies. Tomato fruit were harvested at either the red-ripe or mature-green stages from four different rows of a field treated with imidacloprid to control SLWF. The mature-green fruit were placed in a ripening room (20°C) for seven days. The fruit harvested at the red-ripe stage had a mean external TIR of 5.0%, and the fruit harvested at the mature-green stage and ripened at 20°C had a mean external TIR of 8.9%. The mean percentage of vine- and ripening-room ripened fruit with IWT was 8.3% and 8.9%, respectively. There were no differences in degree of external or internal symptoms for vine- and ripening-room ripened tomato fruit. The reasons for t...
Abstract 14026: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Altered Left Atrial 3D Hemodynamics and Increased Stasis

Introduction: Clinical scores used for stroke risk estimation in atrial fibrillation (AF) have limited predictive accuracy. 4D Flow MRI can acquire blood flow in a volume data set encompassing the entire left atrium (LA) with quantification of blood velocity in 3 orthogonal directions for every voxel at multiple time points throughout the cardiac cycle (4D = 3D coverage + time). Hypothesis: 4D Flow MRI can assess 3D LA flow abnormalities in AF patients, which may potentially be linked to stroke. Methods: We performed 4D flow MRI in 30 volunteers (10 young, 20 older) and 70 patients with a history of AF: 40 in sinus rhythm (AF-sinus) and 30 in AF during MRI scan (AF-afib). The typical LA contained 3000 voxels and 18 phases per voxel. LA flow velocity histograms for each patient were quantified by mean LA velocity, median LA velocity, and the percentage of LA velocities Results: Mean LA velocity, median LA velocity, and %stasis were significantly different between groups: young volunteers (0.26±0.02 m/s, 0.23±0.02 m/s, 37.3±7.6%), older volunteers (0.21±0.03 m/s, 0.20±0.03 m/s, 52.2±16.0%), AF-sinus (0.18±0.03 m/s, 0.17±0.03 m/s, 67.5±16.9%), and AF-afib (0.16±0.01 m/s, 0.14±0.03 m/s, 78.2±12.9%), p 2 =0.27, p 2 =0.23, p 2 =0.26, p Conclusions: Left atrial 4D flow MRI is a novel approach to identify patients with reduced LA blood velocities and increased LA stasis. Further study is needed to determine whether these measures can improve upon the CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk prediction and enhance individual decisions on anticoagulation in patients with AF.
Chemical studies of L chondrites. III - Mobile trace elements and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis has been used to determine the content of the mobile trace elements Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn, in L4-6 chondrites with undisturbed Ar-40 release patterns or patterns showing some 4.4-4.6 Gyr plateau disturbance that indicates some shock-induced loss. The mean concentrations are significantly lower in 16 chondrites with disturbed patterns than in 4 with undisturbed ones, consistent with shock-induced mobilization. Significantly lower mean concentrations of nearly all trace elements in 26 strongly shocked chondrites than in 14 mildly shocked ones indicate loss in shock-formed FeS-Fe eutectic and/or by means of vaporization during cooling of shock-heated collisional debris.
The Phase Problem of X-Ray Crystallography: Overview

The intensities of a sufficient number of X-ray diffraction maxima determine the structure of a crystal, that is, the positions of the atoms in the unit cell of the crystal. The available intensities usually exceed the number of parameters needed to describe the structure. From these intensities a set of numbers |E H |can be derived, one corresponding to each intensity. However, the elucidation of the crystal structure also requires a knowledge of the complex numbers E H =|E H |exp(iф H ), the normalized structure factors, of which only the magnitudes |E H | can be determined from experiment. Thus, a “phase” фH, unobtainable from the diffraction experiment, must be assigned to each |E H |, and the problem of determining the phases when only the magnitudes |E H | are known is called the “phase problem”. Owing to the known atomicity of crystal structures and the redundancy of observed magnitudes |E H |, the phase problem is solvable in principle.
The Effects of Household Income Volatility on Divorce

We extend the literature on the effects of earnings shocks on divorce by identifying separately the effects of transitory and permanent household income shocks and by allowing the shocks to have asymmetric effects across education and racial groups. The econometric evidence suggests negative (positive) transitory household income shocks increase (decrease) the probability of divorce, while there is only weak evidence that positive (negative) permanent household income shocks raise (lower) the probability of divorce. Some differences in the effects of household income shocks on divorce propensities arise for subsamples selected by education and race.
Role of membrane phosphotyrosine proteins in human spermatozoal function.

The monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (PTA) recognized proteins related to relative molecular mass regions of 94,000 +/− 3000 and 46,000 +/− 3000 Mr on Western blots of detergent-solubilized non-capacitated human sperm extract (HSE). The pattern of phosphorylation at tyrosine residues depended upon the physiological state of the sperm cells. At least six protein bands corresponding to four molecular regions of 94,000 +/− 3000, 46,000 +/− 3000, 25,000 +/− 7000 and 12,000 +/− 2000 Mr, respectively, were labeled with 32P when human sperm were capacitated in vitro; the proteins belonging to the former three regions were phosphotyrosine proteins as they were precipitable by PTA. In vitro kinase assay performed directly on HSE indicated autophosphorylation of proteins of the same four molecular regions, with the capacitated sperm preparations having 30% higher 32P incorporation into 94,000 +/− 3000 Mr proteins and 17% less incorporation into 12,000 +/− 2000 Mr proteins as compared to the non-capacitated sperm preparations. Both of these protein regions were also autophosphorylated at tyrosine residues when immunoprecipitated phosphotyrosine proteins were used for the kinase assay. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of 94,000 +/− 3000 Mr proteins was further stimulated by 1.38- to 1.46-fold in response to exposure to zona pellucida proteins, namely the porcine ZP3 and human zona proteins (HZP); the HZP induced the highest response. Immunofluorescence observations on fixed human sperm demonstrated that capacitation as well as exposure to zona proteins increased the degree of tyrosine-specific fluorescence per sperm cell as well as the number of sperm cells that showed fluorescence at the acrosomal region of the spermhead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Body temperature and temperature gradients: changes during the estrous cycle and in response to ovarian steroids.

Abstract Rectal temperature, body weight, and vaginal membrane condition were monitored in female guinea pigs in order to determine the pattern and magnitude of changes in these variables across the estrous cycle and as a result of treatment with ovarian hormones. A thermistor probe was used to measure rectal temperatures at depths of 4 and 8 cm and to determine the temperature gradient between these two sites. Data collected across the estrous cycles of 18 intact females were aligned by day of vaginal membrane rupture, the estimated time of ovulation. Compared to measurements during the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle, rectal temperatures increased significantly one to three days prior to vaginal membrane rupture. In addition, a significant periovular decline was observed in the temperature gradient and in body weight. Treatment of ovariectomized females with 3 μg estradiol benzoate for 3 days (EB) followed by a single injection of 0.4 mg progesterone on the 4th day (P) led to biphasic changes in temperature. Compared to a control group which received injections of 0.2 ml corn oil vehicle for 4 consecutive days (OIL), EB significantly increased rectal temperature measured at the depth of 4 cm, but had no significant effect on measurements taken at a depth of 8 cm. The temperature difference between these two sites also decreased significantly. Rectal temperatures at both 4 cm and 8 cm sites dropped significantly following injection of progesterone. Ovarian hormones therefore have significant effects on body temperature of guinea pigs, effects which, in combination with other evidence, lead us to suggest that some of the observed temperature variations may be related to estrogen-induced changes in peripheral vasodilation or other mechanisms of heat loss.
INFLUENCE OF HEATING END‐POINT TEMPERATURE ON VOLATILES FROM POULTRY MEAT ‐ A REVIEW

During heating of muscle foods, numerous volatile flavor components are generated. Both the identity and quantity of these volatiles are influenced by cooking end-point temperature (EPT) and post-cooking storage. Methods for assessing flavor volatiles include sensory tests and gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Static headspace GC techniques either with a packed or capillary column have been used to determine the volatiles individually and they are simpler in operation compared to sensory tests. High correlations between EPTs and several compounds in heated chicken breast and leg meat patties have been obtained. Samples prepared in model systems are more uniform in EPTs as compared to processed products. Good resolution and reproducibility in the analysis of volatiles from chicken meat have been reported by using a dynamic headspace-capillary column approach. More than one half of all compounds increased linearly or quadratically as EPT increased. Controlling the heating EPT is important in ensuring the quality and stability of precooked poultry.
Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that have a primary role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of the cell signaling network, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria produce ATP, regulate the cytoplasmic redox state and Ca2+ balance, catabolize fatty acids, synthesize heme, nucleotides, steroid hormones, amino acids, and help assemble iron-sulfur clusters in proteins. Mitochondria also have an essential role in heat production. Mutations of the mitochondrial genome cause several types of human disorder. The accumulation of mtDNA mutations correlates with aging and is suspected to have an important role in the development of cancer. Due to their vitally important role in all cell types, the function of mitochondria must also be critical for stem cells. Key advances have been made in our understanding of stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. But the functional activity of stem cells, in particular their energy status, was not yet been studied in detail. Almost nothing is known about the mitochondrial properties of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiated precursor progeny. One way to understand and evaluate the role of mitochondria in hESC function and developmental potential is to directly measure the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Here, we describe high resolution clear native gel electrophoresis and subsequent in gel activity visualization as a method for analyzing the five respiratory chain complexes of hESCs.
Vision and the single photon (Invited Paper)

The human visual system has an amazing sensitivity-even a single photon catch can trigger the release of a signal in a rod photoreceptor cell under certain circumstances. However, behaviorally it requires on an average 5-8 photons for a human to "see" a flash of light. This discrepancy is due to the intrinsic "dark noise" in the visual system. Various aspects of human visual sensitivity to single photons are reviewed and discussed.
ALTERATIONS IN THE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO E. COLI ENDOTOXIN WITH CHANGES IN THE ACID-BASE STATE.

Summary1. An attenuated initial hemodynamic response to endotoxin was observed in adult mongrel dogs under conditions of low blood pCO2 at both high and low pH. 2. No change in vascular responsiveness to histamine was found under these same conditions. 3. No change in the later phase of progressive systemic hypotension and death was observed.
Enabling real-time physics simulation in future interactive entertainment

Interactive entertainment has long been one of the driving factors behind architectural innovation, pushing the boundaries of computing to achieve ever more realistic virtual experiences. Future entertainment applications will feature robust physics modeling to enable on-the-fly content creation. However, application designers must provide at least 30 graphical frames per second to provide the illusion of visual continuity. This constraint directly impacts the physics engine, which must deliver the results of physical interactions in the virtual world at a fraction of this frame rate. With more sophisticated applications combining massive numbers of complex entities, the cost of robust physics simulation will easily exceed the capability of today's most power machines.This work explores the characteristics of real-time physics simulation, and proposes a suite of future-thinking benchmarks stressing different situations that represent the demands of future interactive entertainment. With this suite, we then explore techniques to help meet these demands, including parallel execution, a fast estimation approach that self-regulates error, and a value prediction technique that is allowed to get "close enough" to the real value. We demonstrate that parallel execution together with the proposed fast estimation approach can satisfy the demands of nearly all of the PhysicsBench suite.
The structure of 3,4,5,6-tetrahaptocyclodeca-1,3,5,7-tetraene-tricarbonyliron, a PI complex of a ten-membered, monocyclic polyolefin

Abstract The title compound, a minor product of the reaction of Fe 2 (CO) 9 with bicyclo[6.2.0]deca-2,4,6-triene, crystallizes in space group P 1 with a = 10.401(2) A, b = 9.779(2) A, c = 6.554(2) A; α = 98.69(2)°; β = 111.76(2)°; γ = 82.65(2)°; V = 610.1(2) A 3 ; Z = 2. The structure has been refined to R 1 = 0.029 and R 2 = 0.036. No crystallographic symmetry is imposed on the molecule but it has an approximate mirror plane of symmetry. The C 10 H 12 ligand is present as a coordinated 1,3,5,7-cyclodecatetraene, coordinated to the Fe(CO) 3 group through the cis , cis -3,5-diene unit. The bond distances and angles within the local (butadiene)Fe(CO) 3 moiety are normal, with one CO group lying over the open side of the butadiene chain. The central C—C distance is 0.028(9) A shorter than the mean of the two outer C—C distances of the butadiene chain. The C 10 ring lies in four planes with dihedral angles between adjacent planes (starting with the plane of the coordinated butadiene unit) of 41.5°, 50.6° and 53.8°.
Moving your Advisory Board to a fundraising mission

Having unsuccessfully attempted to garner community support, awareness and funding in the past, the University Library at the Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis decided to partner with the University Library Advisory Board. The board was charged with transforming itself into a more active participant in the libraries success. Renaming itself as the University Library Community Board, it redefined its role as a support organization that would help define the library for the greater Indiana community, and help the library raise funds.
Uncertainties in upper stratospheric ozone trends from 1979 to 1996

The time series of differences in coincident measurements of ozone by Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and by Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV), SBUV/2, Umkehr and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are analyzed, and the slopes in the differences are calculated. SAGE ozone measurements are also compared against those by HALOE. The purpose of these comparisons is to look for statistically significant nonzero slopes which could indicate long-term calibration problems in one or more of the measurement systems. It is found that the slopes are remarkably similar between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, and, apart from a few exceptions, the slopes are also similar in the tropics. Slopes of MLS-SAGE differences and HALOE-SAGE trends from approximately 1992 to 1996 have values of approximately -0.5 +/- 0.4%/yr (95% confidence limits) in Umkehr layers 7-9 (which are centered at approx. 37, 42, and 47 km altitude). Umkehr-SAGE slopes for 1979-1996, however, are almost all positive and in the range -0.1 - 0.41%/yr for Umkehr layers 4 - 8, while SBUV-SAGE slopes for 1979-1989 are essentially zero in layers 4 - 7 and 0.3-0.4%/yr in layers 8 and 9. Averaging all these results with SBUV-SAGE 11 slopes from 1985 to 1989, the other sensors minus SAGE slopes are most likely between 0.2 and -0.2%/yr1 from approx. 20 to 40 km altitude. The results indicate slightly negative slopes in Umkehr layers 5-7 and positive slopes in the other three layers. There thus appears to be no overall drift in the SAGE ozone measurements from 1979 to 1996, but SAGE sunrise/sunset trend differences greater than 40 km altitude, combined with the more accurate SBUV-SAGE slopes for 1979-1989, suggest a most likely slope range of 0.4 to -0.4%/yr between 40 and 50 km altitude. SBUV/2 measurements from 1989 to 1994 have an upward trend with respect to SAGE measurements of approx. 0.7% /yr with some altitudinal structure; this slope exceeds the estimated 95% uncertainties on the SBUV/2 trends.
Effects of presentation mode and repeated familiarization on intelligibility of dysarthric speech.

Clinical measures of speech intelligibility are widely used as one means of characterizing the speech of individuals with dysarthria. Many variables associated with both the speaker and the listene...
Con: Isoflurane is contraindicated in patients with coronary artery disease.

Data from animal studies show that isoflurane causes direct coronary dilation and can cause steal (1,2). Data from studies in humans indicate direct dilation, but whether or not isoflurane causes steal in humans, and whether or not steal is of clinical importance to the outcome of anesthesia is not yet clear, and will determine whether isoflurane is dangerous for the patient with coronary artery disease.
Influence of freshwater intrusion on microbial biomass in salt-marsh creeks

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), particulate organic carbon (POC), pH, temperature, and salinity associated with the water column of several salt marsh creeks were monitored at 5 stations for 8 months. A gradient in mean salinity of 11.5‰ to 32.7‰ was observed in the creeks. No significant correlations (Pearson’s r) could be found among the variables measured at the station with the highest salinity. ATP and POC were found to be positively correlated at all other stations. Salinity was found to be negatively correlated with both ATP and POC only at a station with the second highest mean salinity (28.8‰) and could account for only 45.7‰ of the variation in ATP. The lack of significant correlations between salinity and ATP as well as the inability of salinity to account for a large portion of the variation in ATP suggested that salinity had little relationship to the level of total microbial mass.
Novel Ferrimagnetic Iron Oxide Nanopowders

Because of their scientific and technological utility, magnetic properties of fine-particle systems have assumed great importance in recent years. Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are comm...
Adrenalectomy and pentagastrin effects on gastrointestinal cholinergic enzyme activities.

The present study examined the effects of pentagastrin and adrenalectomy on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), enzymes which synthesize and degrade acetylcholine in th
Cyclosporin A reverses chemoresistance in patients with gynecologic malignancies

Multidrug resistance is a major obstacle in successful systemic therapy of gynecologic malignancies. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the activity of cyclosporin A used to overcome drug resistance in a variety of gynecologic malignancies. Forty women (29 with ovarian cancer, 7 with uterine cancer, 3 with cervical cancer, and 1 with choriocarcinoma) were treated with cyclosporin A, 4 mg/kg intravenously, 6 hours before and 18 hours after the specific chemotherapeutic agent, to which the tumor had developed drug resistance. All patients had shown resistance to the chemotherapy agent used in combination with cyclosporin A. All patients had been heavily pretreated (mean, 2.8 previous chemotherapy regimens). Overall, among 38 available patients with gynecologic malignancies, a 29% objective response rate was observed. Twenty-six (65%) of all patients received three or more cycles of cyclosporin A. There was a 25% response rate for patients with ovarian cancer patients and 50% for those with uterine cancer. There were no responses among the three patients with cervical cancer, and the patient with choriocarcinoma had a complete response. All patients were evaluable for toxicity. Leukopenia and nausea were the most common toxic reactions, but in most cases they were transient, and only three patients required a treatment delay. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicity was thrombocytopenia, which was observed in 22% of the patients. Cyclosporin A is well tolerated and has significant potential for reversal of chemoresistance in heavily pretreated patients with ovarian and uterine malignancies.
Eine Theorie über den Mechanismus der Erregung

(1) The hypothesis that stimulants solate and depressants gelate protoplasm is given further support from research on slime moulds. (2) The xanthine derivatives, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline, cause a remarkable liquefaction of protoplasm. (3) The opiates, morphine and heroin, have the same solating effect on protoplasm as do the xanthines. (4) Sodium and potassium salts, the nitrates and nitrites more than the chlorides, lower the viscosity of protoplasm greatly, and both ions are known to produce stimulation. (5) Benzedrine, noted for its highly stimulating effect on man, liquefies the protoplasm of slime moulds. (6) The change observed when stimulants, or depressants such as anaesthetic agents, are added to protoplasm, is one in viscosity; but it involves more than this. The structural continuity which characterizes living matter is disturbed: in anaesthesia the bonds, holding the structural units together, are tightened; in stimulation the structural ties are loosened. Where the bonds are completely and irreversibly severed, as in high concentrations of stimulating agents, the outpouring of the protoplasm results in death.
Solution of the single-channel Schrödinger equation using constant, linear and quadratic reference potentials: the Magnus, Bessel and series propagators

The integration of the single channel Schrodinger equation with methods employing constant, linear or quadratic approximate potentials is investigated. We use the familiar trigonometric (Magnus) propagator for constant potentials and a simple series propagator for the other approximate potentials. In addition, we use a Ricatti-Bessel propagator that is effective when the potential is approximated as a constant plus a centrifugal potential. We present a stable and efficient algorithm for the construction of the Bessel propagators. We find that the Bessel propagator is the most cost efficient method for the moderate accuracy calculation (an error of about 10-3) of single channel differential cross sections. We report maximum orders of convergence of second, fourth and sixth for the constant, linear and quadratic reference potentials respectively. For the Bessel propagator we take advantage of its uniform convergence by obtaining highly accurate solutions from a Richardson extrapolation with two less accurat...
An eddy closure for potential vorticity

It is now over 40 years since a closure for the effects of mesoscale eddies in terms of Ertel potential vorticity was first proposed. The consequences of the closure that treats potential vorticity exactly the same as a passive tracer in isopycnal coordinates are explored in this paper. This leads to a momentum equation to predict the mean velocity. While the momentum equation is not unique due to the presence of an undefined potential function, the total energy equation is used to constrain its functional form. The inviscid form of the proposed eddy closure nearly conserves total energy; the error in conservation of total energy is proportional to the time derivative of the bolus velocity. The proposed eddy closure retains Kelvin’s circulation theorem with mean potential vorticity conserved along particle trajectories following the transport (mean + bolus) velocity field. The relative vorticity component of the potential vorticity being diffused along isopycnals leads to terms that look like viscous stress, but these terms do not satisfy two important conditions of standard viscous closures. A numerical model based on this closure is developed, and idealized simulations in a re-entrant zonal channel are conducted to evaluate the merit of the proposed closure. When comparing various eddy closures to an eddy-resolving reference solution, the closure that both transports and diffuses potential vorticity performs marginally better than its peers, particularly with respect to the core zonal jet structure and position. However, these favorable results are obtained only if a potential vorticity diffusion coefficient is used that is smaller than the coefficient used to compute the bolus velocity. Based on these results, we conjecture that extending eddy-closures to include potential vorticity dynamics is possible, but will require the use of a closure parameter that varies temporally and spatially.
A Comparison of Health Care Utilization and Costs of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Large Group-Model Health Plan

OBJECTIVE. Data on the current costs of medical services for children with autism spectrum disorders are lacking. Our purpose for this study was to compare health care utilization and costs of children with and without autism spectrum disorders in the same health plan. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Participants included all 2- to 18-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (n = 3053) and a random sample of children without autism spectrum disorders (n = 30529) who were continuously enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in northern California between July 1, 2003, and June 30, 2004. Data on health care utilization and costs were derived from health plan administrative databases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Outcome measures included mean annual utilization and costs of health services per child. RESULTS. Children with autism spectrum disorders had a higher annual mean number of total clinic (5.6 vs 2.8), pediatric (2.3 vs 1.6), and psychiatric (2.2 vs 0.3) outpatient visits. A higher percentage of children with autism spectrum disorders experienced inpatient (3% vs 1%) and outpatient (5% vs 2%) hospitalizations. Children with autism spectrum disorders were nearly 9 times more likely to use psychotherapeutic medications and twice as likely to use gastrointestinal agents than children without autism spectrum disorders. Mean annual member costs for hospitalizations ($550 vs $208), clinic visits ($1373 vs $540), and prescription medications ($724 vs $96) were more than double for children with autism spectrum disorders compared with children without autism spectrum disorders. The mean annual age- and gender-adjusted total cost per member was more than threefold higher for children with autism spectrum disorders ($2757 vs $892). Among the subgroup of children with other psychiatric conditions, total mean annual costs were 45% higher for children with autism spectrum disorders compared with children without autism spectrum disorders; excess costs were largely explained by the increased use of psychotherapeutic medications. CONCLUSIONS. The utilization and costs of health care are substantially higher for children with autism spectrum disorders compared with children without autism spectrum disorders. Research is needed to evaluate the impact of improvements in the management of children with autism spectrum disorders on health care utilization and costs.
Can excretory urography detect upper urinary tract tumors after radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer

Can excretory urography detect upper urinary tract tumors after radical cystectomy for urothelial cancer?
Use of a point‐of‐care urine drug test in a dog to assist in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized carcass

Objective – To describe a case of barbiturate toxicosis in a dog secondary to ingestion of a previously buried euthanized goat carcass and to discuss the utility of urine drug testing in diagnosing barbiturate toxicosis. Case Summary – A 6-year-old neutered male Border Collie was presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital for evaluation of ataxia and acute collapse. Past pertinent history included Addison's disease that had been managed for 1 year. A companion dog was seen 12 hours earlier chewing on the partially decomposed head of a goat that had been euthanized 47 days previously and buried on the owner's property. The dog was laterally recumbent, unresponsive to stimuli, and hypothermic on physical examination. Initial blood work revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, with a Na/K ratio of 18.5. The dog was volume resuscitated and received an injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate due to a suspected Addisonian crisis. Despite this treatment, the dog remained laterally recumbent and unresponsive to stimuli. A urine drug screen was performed and was positive for barbiturates. A diagnosis of barbiturate toxicosis secondary to ingestion of a euthanized goat carcass was made. The dog was treated supportively over 12 hours with IV fluids and activated charcoal. The dog was able to walk 11 hours after presentation and was subsequently discharged from the hospital. New or Unique Information Provided – Urine drug testing is a fast, easy, and point-of-care test that may be useful in dogs to assist in the diagnosis of barbiturate intoxication. Proper disposal of euthanized animals is necessary to prevent toxicosis and possible death of companion animals and wildlife.
Growth, fertility and human capital: A survey

This paper surveys recent work on endogenous fertility and endogenous growth. These models provide the building blocks for a theory of development. They are capable of explaining income and fertility differentials between rich and poor countries. They can produce switching behavior, countries that transform themselves from no growth economies into high growth economies. The fertility and growth effects of social security programs are also examined. Finally models with increasing returns to population are presented. They are capable of reproducing very long term relationships between human capital, fertility and economic growth.
Context of drinking and reinforcement from alcohol: alcoholic patterns.

Abstract Alcohol is perceived as producing a variety of kinds of reinforcement. The present study examined whether alcohol reinforcement varied with the usual social and physical context of drinking for 268 male and female adult alcoholics. Results indicate that alcoholic anticipate different types of reinforcement from alcohol depending on their ususal companions when drinking. In general, those drinking in more impersonal social contexts expect a greater reinforcing impact from drinking than peers who drink in more intimate contexts. Alcohol reinforcement expectancies of men were not found to differ in terms of the usual physical context of drinking.
Temporal gravity variations at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala

Abstract In January 1977 gravity measurements were made at 48 instrument stations on Pacaya volcano, Guatemala. By January 1978 a 200-m-diameter pit crater near the summit had partially filled with incandescent material. Thirty-six of the stations were reoccupied at this time revealing relative changes in gravity from +0.31 to −0.44 mgal. These changes form a conical, −0.75-mgal gravity anomaly centered over the pit crater. Adjusting the temporal gravity changes for the mass filling the crater increases the amplitude of the anomaly. Comparing the relative gravity changes to theoretical elevation changes calculated for idealized magma chambers within volcanoes, using finite element modeling, indicates elevation changes of up to +4 m during inflation could cause the gravity changes. Density changes of −0.25 g/cm 3 within a hypothetical 200-m-diameter, cylindrical magma body could also affect the gravity changes. Because elevation controls are lacking it is not possible to determine the relative importance of either mechanism. This study shows that gravity monitoring may be a practical method of measuring elevation changes preceding eruptions of topographically rugged volcanoes.
Sex pheromone of caddisflyHesperophylax occidentalis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

The main component of the sex pheromone of the caddisflyHesperophylax occidentalis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) was identified as 6-methylnonan-3-one (enantiomeric composition has not yet been determined). Extracts of adult females elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) responses from adult male antennae, but elicited significantly smaller EAG responses from adult female antennae. Extracts of adult males did not elicit appreciable EAG responses from antennae of either sex. Racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one was synthesized and elicited EAG responses from male antennae as strong as those obtained with female extracts. In field tests with baited sticky traps near lakes and streams, traps baited with synthetic racemic 6-methylnonan-3-one caught significantly more males than control traps. Female adults contained approximately 1 µg of 6-methylnonan-3-one per individual. Related ketones and alcohols of other chain lengths were also tentatively identified, being present in tiny amounts in female extracts. Extraction of different body parts showed that 6-methylnonan-3-one occurs only in a region near the intersegmental membrane between the fourth and fifth abdominal sternites of the female (no discrete glands were observed). Extracts of males did not contain 6-methylnonan-3-one, nor did pupae of either sex.
REM sleep and the timing of self-awakenings

For insight into the reputed accuracy of some people’s time judgment during sleep, differences between sleep stages in the threshold for self-awakening were investigated. Self-awakenings by 11 sleepers indicated that the threshold is lowest during REM sleep. The cyclical recurrence of REM sleep apparently acts as an interval-timing clock which motivated sleepers can use to some advantage, but the inconsistent performance of occasionally accurate awakeners casts doubt on the existence of any time-telling ability.