cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE INHIBITION OF THE FIRST INTERNODE OF AVENA BY LIGHT

IT is well known that etiolated grass seedlings are very sensitive to light. One effect of light upon their growth is to check the elongation of the first internode. This fact was recognized by Rothert in 1896. More recently a number of workers have investigated this phenomenon in Avena (Beyer, 1927; Lange, 1929; duBuy and Nuernbergk, 1929a, 1929b, 1930; Hamada, 1929, 1931; Avery, Burkholder, and Creighton, 1937; et al.). The internode has proved to be extraordinarily sensitive to very small amounts of radiant energy of wave lengths ranging from the ultra-violet to the infra-red (duBuy, 1933; Johnston, 1937; Avery, Burkholder, and Creighton, 1938). In the economy of the plant, the elongation of the first internode serves to bring the coleoptilar node, the bases of the foliage leaves, and the apical meristem to an advantageous point within a few millimeters of the surface of the ground, regardless of the depth at which the seed is planted, provided the depth does not exceed the potential growth of the internode under favorable conditions. Adventitious roots, which serve to anchor the plant in this position, then arise at the coleoptilar node. Inge and Loomis (1937) have shown that in maize the light striking the tip of the coleoptile as it emerges from the soil is able to inhibit the elongation of the internode which is still underground. This suggests that the light may bring about some photochemical effect in the coleoptile which is subsequently transmitted to the internode below. The experiments of Inge and Loomis, however, did not eliminate the possibility that the inhibition is due to transmission of the light itself through the plant to the inhibited region. The object of the present studv was, first, to investigate the extent and nature of the response of the internode to irradiations differing in duration, intensity, and wave length; and second, to obtain critical information as to what parts of the plant are able to receive the growth-inhibiting stimulus. MIETHODS.-Victory oats2 were husked, and large seeds were selected. These were thoroughly wet with distilled water and then laid out, groove down, at an angle of about 600 in glass dishes on wads of absorbent cotton soaked with distilled water. Twelve seeds were placed in each dish. The dishes were placed in completely dark chambers within five minutes of wetting. The chambers, of 16 cu. ft. capacity, were air conditioned at 25 0?+0.50C. and 80 per cent relative humidity. The air in the chambers was turned over at a rate of twice a minute and fresh air was introduced at the rate of 3 cu. ft. per minute. The plants were grown under these conditions until the end of each experiment-subject, however, to the experimental modifications to be mentioned-at which time the plants were removed from the cham-
Interactions of Mycoplasma bovoculi with erythrocytes: role of p94 surface protein.

Summary The attachment of two strains of Mycoplasma bovoculi to erythrocytes was measured using 35S-methionine-labelled organisms. Receptor sites of M. bovoculi involved in this attachment are trypsin-sensitive, since mild trypsin treatment of the intact organisms abolished this process completely. Pretreatment of erythrocyt***es with trypsin or increasing concentrations of neuraminidase resulted in no measurable effect. Monoclonal antibody MA25.5 directed against a M. bovoculi surface antigen of 94 kDa termed p94 blocked 40% of the attachment, while MA18.13 directed against a 57 kDa protein band of M. bovoculi had no effect on the attachment process. Other properties of M. bovoculi were tested using six strains of the mycoplasma and erythrocytes from several animal species. None of the strains showed haemagglutinating or haemadsorbing activities.
Defining Fishing Communities: Issues in Theory and Practice

Characterizations of fishing communities range from containers of cultural traditions to sites of resistance, from places of management to spaces of global connection. We review key themes and issues from the literature on fishing communities, in light of theoretical work on communities and the context of applied anthropological work in the United States, where fishing community is defined as a term of law as well as art.
The Luria-Latarjet effect studied by T4-lysozyme production.

Abstract The replication of bacteriophage T4 in Escherichia coli is sensitive to ultraviolet light (UV). The classical plaque assay shows a considerable increase in UV resistance starting at about 5 minutes after the bacteria are infected. Production of phage lysozyme starts about 10 minutes after infection and is sensitive to irradiation. Its UV resistance increases at about 4 minutes. The appearance of resistance, measured by both the plaque assay and lysozyme production, is inhibited by p -fluorophenylalanine. Resistance appears at the normal time in bacteria infected by a mutant phage am N116 whose major DNA synthesis is delayed beyond 20 minutes. These results suggest that the same event is responsible for resistance of both plaque formation and lysozyme production. The principal advantage of the lysozyme assay is that resistance can be detected more directly than with the plaque assay. Bacteria irradiated 7 minutes after infection were resistant when tested at 11 minutes. Resistance mechanisms that depend on gradual recovery after plating are ruled out by these results. So are mechanisms that require extensive DNA synthesis. The results are consistent with an event that takes place 5 minutes after infection and requires protein synthesis and at most a small quantity of DNA synthesis. They are in accord with a highly UV-sensitive switch from early to late functions being the principal initial target.
Methods for assessing field persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores.

Abstract Field persistence was investigated for three concentrations of a Bacillus thuringiensis formulation, Dipel, on leaves of Cercis occidentalis. The application levels were 0.0025%, 0.025%, and 0.25% w v . Logarithmically transformed viable spore counts were analyzed using a segmented linear model. No biologically significant differences were found in rates of viable spore decay for the three levels of application. Statistical methods used in the analysis are described in detail. A model for assessing total effective dose delivered by a B. thuringiensis application is proposed. Application of the total dose model indicates that for typical field application levels more than 90% of total dose is delivered to the insect population during the first day following application.
Nuclear Data Sheets Update for A = 168

Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass A=168 were evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and {gamma} rays. This evaluation for A=168, covering data received by July 1993, supersedes the 1988 compilation of V.S. Shirley (Nuclear Data Sheets 53, 223 (1988)). The extremely thorough study of {sup 168}Er via neutron capture, presented in preliminary form in 1988, has been completed, and is presented in final form in this evaluation.
A thermal dynamical model based control of resistance spot welding

Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. Inconsistent welds and insufficient nugget size are some of the problems in RSW. As a remedy to these problems a novel RSW control approach is proposed in this paper. The RSW control design is based on a thermal dynamical model. The controllers proposed are One-Step-Ahead, Weighted One-Step-Ahead, and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). The designed controllers force the nugget temperature profile to follow a desired reference temperature profile. Results of some simulation studies are also presented.
Orientation of luminescent excitons in layered nanomaterials

In nanomaterials, optical anisotropies reveal a fundamental relationship between structural and optical properties. Directional optical properties can be exploited to enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices, optomechanical actuators and metamaterials. In layered materials, optical anisotropies may result from in-plane and out-of-plane dipoles associated with intra- and interlayer excitations, respectively. Here, we resolve the orientation of luminescent excitons and isolate photoluminescence signatures arising from distinct intra- and interlayer optical transitions. Combining analytical calculations with energy- and momentum-resolved spectroscopy, we distinguish between in-plane and out-of-plane oriented excitons in materials with weak or strong interlayer coupling-MoS₂ and 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), respectively. We demonstrate that photoluminescence from MoS₂ mono-, bi- and trilayers originates solely from in-plane excitons, whereas PTCDA supports distinct in-plane and out-of-plane exciton species with different spectra, dipole strengths and temporal dynamics. The insights provided by this work are important for understanding fundamental excitonic properties in nanomaterials and designing optical systems that efficiently excite and collect light from exciton species with different orientations.
LOCATION, THEORY OF PRODUCTION, AND VARIABLE TRANSPORTATION RATES*

. The question of what conditions insure independence between location and output decisions is investigated within the context of triangle space. Assuming that transportation rates vary with quantity and distance, it is shown that this independence is insured if the production function generates a linear expansion path and the following are all constant: transportation rate elasticities with respect to distance and quantity, and the price elasticity of demand for inputs.
Composition and adaptation in the life of Robert Schumann

The composer Robert Schumann, who suffered from bipolar disorder, utilized his impressive musical and literary talents in attempts to adapt to multiple developmental traumas, separations, and losses as well as to the ongoing ravages of his mood disorder. By analyzing several of his Lieder, the author formulates and describes several defense mechanisms involved in these adaptations. These include identification with the lost object, the use of transitional objects and phenomena, sublimation, denial, minimization, idealization, playfulness, and the employment of healthy obsessive traits. Schumann utilized these adaptive defenses successfully for a brief period, thus coping with a difficult separation from his fiancee, Clara. Ultimately, however, he was unable to experience mature mourning regarding the deaths of several family members. The author, drawing on his extensive experience with treating bipolar individuals in outpatient settings, discusses some of the difficulties that many bipolar patients like Schumann have with mourning, including early developmental vulnerabilities to separation and loss, the disorganizing effects of bipolar mood episodes on cognition and self-coherence, the need to camouflage affects reminiscent of bipolar mood episodes, and experiencing these affects and mood episodes as traumatic reoccurrences. By studying the biographies of creative individuals such as Schumann, clinicians can expand their appreciation of their patients' adaptive capacities and thus assist them in restoring a sense of hope and vitality in their lives.
Passive Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control for a Class of Overactuated Nonlinear Systems and Applications to Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a passive actuator fault-tolerant (FT) controller for a class of overactuated nonlinear systems and its experimental investigations on an electric vehicle. As the actuator fault information is unknown before the fault detection and diagnosis procedure finishes, the passive FT control is of great necessity in maintaining system stability and achieving acceptable performance. In this paper, three types of actuator faults are considered, and a passive FT controller that works for all of the studied fault types is designed. By grouping control efforts that have similar effects on the system into the same subsystem, the proposed control method can automatically distribute the higher level control signals to the actuators while minimizing a defined cost function. The FT control method was applied to control of a four-wheel-independently-actuated (FWIA) electric ground vehicle. Experimental results obtained on a FWIA electric vehicle show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Precise position service to satisfy ADS-B out mandate

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has mandated equipage requirements and performance standards for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out avionics on aircraft operating in Classes A, B and C airspace, as well as certain other specified classes of airspace within the U.S National Airspace (NAS) by 1 January 2020. ADS-B Out periodically broadcasts information about an aircraft, such as current position, through an onboard transmitter. The FAA's final rule states that, “any ADS-B position source that meets the specified performance standards is acceptable and complies with the requirements in the final rule [1].” The position source information broadcast for ADS-B is not required to be from the sensor that is being used for navigation. It is currently required for United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft to use Precise Positioning System (PPS) Global Positioning System (GPS) for combat, combat support and combat service support operation. Standard Positioning System (SPS) is currently accepted in civil airspace worldwide for navigation; the use of PPS for navigation is accepted in the United States but not currently accepted in all countries for civil use. To satisfy both requirements, many USAF aircraft are forced to equip with both types of GPS. Providing the transponder with PPS GPS information to satisfy the current ADS-B mandate could also enable future growth to an encrypted squitter like ADS-B function that could provide aircraft location in the area of responsibility (AOR). This paper outlines the advantages and disadvantages of using a PPS sensor to satisfy the ADS-B mandate. This paper will also discuss how the use of one type of position source to satisfy the mandate could potentially benefit the USAF, specifically in the area of integration.
Preoperative and preooperative issuesin the orthopaedic surgical patient

Abstract Elderly patients account for most cases of hip fracture, total hip replacement, and total knee replacement surgery. Although surgery in the elderly is associated with greater risk than in younger patients, this risk is due primarily to comorbidities and not to the normal aging process. Careful preoperative evaluation is required and should focus on optimizing the status of patients' chronic medical problems and on assessing their degree of risk of a perioperative cardiac event. The algorithm published by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association is presently the best tool available for such assessment. Postoperatively, the elderly are at increased risk for multiple complications, of which delirium and adverse drug reactions are the most common. The elderly are also more likely to require posthospital rehabilitation in an institutional setting. With advance planning and careful monitoring, the great majority of elderly patients can safely undergo any surgical procedure.
Conditional survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) significantly improve survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). Conditional probability provides survival information in patients who have already survived for a specific period of time after treatment. METHODS Cumulative response and survival data from 6 consecutive frontline TKI clinical trials were analyzed. Conditional probability was calculated for failure-free survival (FFS), transformation-free survival (TFS), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) according to depth of response within 1 year of the initiation of TKIs, including complete cytogenetic response, major molecular response, and molecular response with a 4-log or 4.5-log reduction. RESULTS A total of 483 patients with a median follow-up of 99.4 months from the initiation of treatment with TKIs were analyzed. Conditional probabilities of FFS, TFS, EFS, and OS for 1 additional year for patients alive after 12 months of therapy ranged from 92.0% to 99.1%, 98.5% to 100%, 96.2% to 99.6%, and 96.8% to 99.7%, respectively. Conditional FFS for 1 additional year did not improve with a deeper response each year. Conditional probabilities of TFS, EFS, and OS for 1 additional year were maintained at >95% during the period. CONCLUSIONS In the era of TKIs, patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase who survived for a certain number of years maintained excellent clinical outcomes in each age group. Cancer 2016;122:238–248. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Production ecology in an Oregon coastal salt marsh

Abstract Production ecology of intertidal salt marsh at Nehalem Bay, Oregon, was investigated by the harvest method. Vegetation was sampled at intervals along the elevation gradient. Maximum submergence periods (calculated with reference to predicted tidal data) decreased from approximately 17 h at the lower marsh border to near 0·0 h at the upper limit of marsh. Above-ground net production ranged from 230 to 2800 g m −2 year −1 and increased with increasing elevation and decreasing submergence period. Species diversity also increased along the elevation gradient as did accumulated litter, suggesting that a successional sequence is present from low to high marsh.
Curating the Soul: Foucault's concept of hupomnemata and the digital technology of self-care

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how online actions such as the practice of digital self-writing shape our offline identity. We start with an examination of the concept of hupomnemata – a practice of self-writing in which notes are kept as a ‘material record of things read, heard, or thought’ in the intent of shaping the self [Foucault (1997). Self writing. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), Ethics, subjectivity and truth. The essential works of Foucault, 1954–1984. Volume 1 (pp. 207–222). New York, NY: The New Press p. 209] – before arguing that the practice of digital content curation can be understood as a modern-day variant of the Greco-Roman hupomnemata. Although the work of the digital curator is conducted online, this paper positions contemporary curatorial practices as acts of self-exploration, self-cultivation, and self-care, which nourish offline identity and which ultimately work to shape the offline, corporeal self.
/sup 85/rubidium-a Bose-Einstein condensate with adjustable interactions

Summary form only given. For most values of magnetic field, very cold /sup 85/Rb atoms have a large negative scattering length and large loss rates from magnetic traps. The latter makes it difficult to cool the atoms low enough to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation (BBC), while the former constrains the size of a possible BEC to <100 atoms. However, we have found that near the Feshbach resonance at 154 G the loss rates decrease substantially, and the scattering length can be made positive. We have used these two features to create condensates of several thousand atoms in /sup 85/Rb. We are then able to study the dynamics and loss processes of these condensates as we vary the magnetic field. Small changes in magnetic field give rise to large changes in the magnitude and sign of the self-interaction in the condensate as well as possible couplings to molecular condensates. We will discuss the wide range of behaviors we have observed in this interesting system.
Propylène Glycol-Induced Lactic Acidosis in a Patient Receiving Continuous Infusion Pentobarbital

Objective:To report a case of probable propylene glycol (PG) toxicity in a patient receiving continuous infusion of pentobarbital for refractory status epilepticus.Case Summary:A 59-yoar-old woman with a declining mental status was admitted to the intensive care unit for management of status epilepticus. After failing to achieve the therapeutic endpoint of electroencephalogram burst suppression with a continuous infusion of propofol, the sedative regimen was changed to continuous infusion of pentobarbital. The patient received a loading dose of 450 mg (5 mg/kg), and the maintenance infusion was titrated to a dose of 10 mg/kg/h to achieve burst suppression. Twelve hours after the pentobarbital infusion was started, the patient developed an anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum lactate level, hyperosmolality, and increased osmolal gap. The pentobarbital infusion was discontinued, and the patient's acidosis and hyperosmolality resolved.Discussion:Pentobarbital contains 40% v/v of PG, which was thought...
Pushing the endogenous envelope.

The majority of retroviral envelope glycoproteins characterized to date are typical of type I viral fusion proteins, having a receptor binding subunit associated with a fusion subunit. The fusion s...
Position-dependent torque coupling and associated muscle activation in the hemiparetic upper extremity

Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal joint torque coupling and associated muscle coactivations of the upper extremity in individuals with unilateral stroke. We investigated the effect of upper limb configuration on the expression of the well-documented patterns of shoulder abduction/elbow flexion and shoulder adduction/elbow extension. Maximal isometric shoulder and elbow torques were measured in stroke subjects in four different arm configurations. Additionally, an isometric combined torque task was completed where subjects were required to maintain various levels of shoulder abduction/adduction torque while attempting to maximize elbow flexion or extension torque. The dominant abduction/elbow flexion pattern was insensitive to changes in limb configuration while the elbow extension component of the adduction/extension pattern changed to elbow flexion at smaller shoulder abduction angles. This effect was not present in control subjects without stroke. The reversal of the torque-coupling pattern could not be explained by mechanical factors such as muscle length changes or muscle strength imbalances across the elbow joint. Potential neural mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of the adduction/elbow extension pattern to different somatosensory input resultant from changes in limb configuration are discussed along with the implications for future research.
Supported socialization for people with psychiatric disabilities: Lessons from a randomized controlled trial

Two hundred and sixty people with psychiatric disabilities who were socially isolated and withdrawn were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to facilitate their engagement in social and recreational activities: They were (a) not matched with a volunteer partner (N = 70), (b) matched with a volunteer partner who had a personal history of psychiatric disability (N = 95), or (c) matched with a volunteer partner with no history of psychiatric disability (N = 95). Participants and volunteers received a $28 stipend each month to cover the expenses of their activities. Comprehensive assessments of symptoms, functional impairment, self-esteem, and satisfaction were made at baseline, after 4 months, and after 9 months. While all participants appeared to improve in terms of symptom reduction and increases in functioning and self-esteem, differences between conditions were found only when participants' degree of contact with their partner was considered. While participants assigned to the nonconsumer volunteer partner condition improved in terms of their social functioning and self-esteem when meeting with their partners, those who were assigned to consumer partners only improved when they did not. Findings highlight the important role of participants' expectations and perceptions in designing and evaluating psychosocial interventions for people with psychiatric disabilities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 32: 453–477, 2004.
STATISTICS: REFLECTIONS ON THE PAST AND VISIONS FOR THE FUTURE

Statistics as data is ancient, but as a discipline of study and research it has a short history. Courses leading to degrees in statistics have been introduced in universities some sixty to seventy years ago. They were not considered to constitute a basic discipline with a subject matter of its own. However, during the last seventy five years, it has developed as a powerful blend of science, technology and art for solving problems in all areas of human endeavor. Now-a-days statistics is used in scientific research, economic development through optimum use of resources, increasing industrial productivity, medical diagnosis, legal practice, disputed authorship, and optimum decision making at individual and institutional levels. What is the future of statistics in the coming millennium dominated by information technology encompassing the whole of communications, interaction with intelligent systems, massive data bases, and complex information processing networks? The current statistical methodology based on p...
An Investigation Into the Choral Singer's Experience of Music Performance Anxiety

The purpose of this study was to examine the performance experiences of choral singers with respect to music performance anxiety. Members of seven semiprofessional choirs ( N = 201) completed quest...
Population Biology and Status Of Eastern Pacific Gray Whales: Recent Developments

Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) of the eastern Pacific stock are perhaps the best-known population of baleen whales, but uncertainties remain concerning many aspects of their population biology. The most recent abundance estimate (1987/88) of 21 113 (SE 688) may be the most accurate and precise available for any baleen whale population; but the estimated confidence interval is problematic, most likely not reflecting all relevant sources of error. The population is estimated to have increased at an annual rate of 3.2% (SE 0.5%) during the 20-yr period 1967/68 to 1987/78, during which annual harvests of about 174 whales were taken by the Soviet aboriginal fishery. Data from this fishery indicate a steep decline in pregnancy rates during 1987 to 1990, from a relatively stable level during the preceding 20 yr. Three approaches have been used to determine the status of this population: back-calculation, dynamic response, and Bayesian estimation of parameters for a simple population dynamics model. None of these approaches produced unequivocal results, but the back-calculation produced reasonable trajectories of abundance through time with either a tripling of carrying capacity since 1846 or a 50% minimum increase in recorded catches. All uncertainty considered, the population is probably above its 1846 level, when commercial exploitation began, and may now be approaching current carrying capacity. The combination of net productivity exceeding 4% and indications that the population is nearing carrying capacity are consistent with the hypothesis that for most large mammals, maximum net productivity occurs at high population levels.
Atypical Squamous Cells, Cannot Exclude High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

We compared the histologic follow-up of 368 smears or slides with an interpretation of “atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion” (ASC-H) based on conventional and liquid-based preparations and age groups in a high-risk population. Patients with an ASC-H interpretation were 17 to 87 years old (mean, 36.8 years). The specimens were 52 liquid-based preparations and 316 conventional smears. For 218 cases (59.2%), including 28 liquid-based preparations (65%) and 190 conventional smears (58%), histologic follow-up was available. In 20 liquid-based preparations (71%) and 152 conventional smears (80.0%), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or higher was revealed on subsequent biopsy. Other results were as follows: liquid-based preparations, CIN1, 11 (55%); CIN2/3, 9 (45%); conventional smears, CIN1, 78 (51.3%); CIN2/3, 70 (46.1%); squamous cell carcinoma, 4 (2.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CIN or higher on subsequent biopsy after an interpretation of ASC-H based on preparation types. The incidences of CIN in patients 40 years old or older and patients younger than 40 years were 66% and 84%, respectively, a statistically significant difference. Because of the high incidence of clinically significant lesions noted on subsequent follow-up, patients with an interpretation of ASC-H should be observed closely and referred for colposcopic examination regardless of their age.
The Stanford University Competitive Examination in Mathematics

(1973). The Stanford University Competitive Examination in Mathematics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 6, pp. 627-640.
Ultrathin GaAs Solar Cells: From the Revised Detailed-balance and Semi-analytical Models to the Experimental Demonstration

This talk will start with a revised detailed-balance model and a semi-analytical model for solar cells with finite thickness and then the demonstration of 300 nm thick GaAs solar cells with efficiencies over 19%.
NOTE ON EFFECTS OF PRACTICE AND FATIGUE IN GROUP TESTING OF INTELLIGENCE AND ACHIEVEMENT.

Intelligence and achievement tests were given in immediate succession to 600 fourth and 600 seventh graders under 2 sequential orders. The effects of fatigue and practice were examined. Order effects were found on both tests for seventh graders but not for fourth graders The results do not seem to be explained by either simple fatigue or practice.
Demonstration of Infectious Hepatitis Virus in Presymptomatic Period after Transfer by Transfusion.

SummaryA transfusion of blood from an individual in the incipient stage of infectious hepatitis elicited the first symptoms in the recipient after 11 days and jaundice after 21 days.By subcutaneous...
Comparison of silicon, SiC and GaN power transistor technologies with breakdown voltage rating from 1.2 kV to 15 kV

In recent years, different power transistors have been developed in silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) as replacements for silicon based IGBTs. This paper presents a simulation comparison of the static and dynamic performance of silicon IGBTs with different SiC and GaN based lateral and vertical power transistors (HEMT, MOSFET and IGBT) with breakdown voltage ratings between 1.2 kV to 15 kV. The strengths and weaknesses of different technologies which make them suitable at different voltage levels have been discussed. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Faculty Roles and Processes for NCLEX-RN Outcomes: A Theoretical Perspective

Abstract Over many years, nursing educators have tried a variety of interventions to improve graduate of the National Council Licensure Examination - Registered Nurse ® pass rates. Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations can be used to provide both logical structure and systematic processes for faculty roles and interventions applied to preparing graduates for the nursing licensing examination. The theory offers rationale for allocating resources to support faculty roles in strategically intervening with students beginning with admission to the nursing program and ending with the graduates successfully passing the National Council Licensure Examination - Registered Nurse.
Arthroscopic lysis of adhesions improves knee range of motion after fixation of intra-articular fractures about the knee.

Post-traumatic stiffness after open reduction and internal fixation of fractures about the knee can have dramatic effects on function. Traditionally, open quadricepsplasty has been the treatment of choice, but is associated with significant morbidity. The purpose of this study is to examine the immediate and sustainable range of motion (ROM) changes after surgical arthroscopic lysis of knee adhesions (SALKA) for post-traumatic knee stiffness after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients at a single institution who underwent SALKA for knee stiffness after intra-articular fractures about the knee treated with ORIF from 2009 to 2015. Pre-operative and immediate post-operative total ROM was assessed while patients were sedated during the SALKA procedure. Total ROM was assessed in the office pre-operatively and compared to the latest post-operative follow-up visit. Immediate post-operative ROM was also compared to the latest post-operative follow-up visit. Two-tailed paired Student’s t test was calculated for analysis. Of the 14 patients included in the study, 10 (71 %) had tibial plateau ORIF, 3 (21 %) had patella ORIF, and 1 (8 %) had intra-articular distal femur ORIF. The mean time between ORIF and SALKA was 244 days. The mean follow-up time after SALKA was 135 days. Under sedation during SALKA, the mean total ROM increased from 72° to 127° immediately post-operatively (p < 0.01). The mean pre-operative in-office total ROM was 73° and increased to 104° at the latest follow-up visit (p < 0.01). The mean immediate post-operative ROM was 127° and decreased to 104° at the latest follow-up visit (p = 0.01). Lysis of adhesions utilizing SALKA after ORIF about the knee improves knee ROM immediately post-operatively and in the short-term follow-up. However, there is a decrease in the gains in the range of motion over time. Patients should be counseled as such. Lysis of adhesions utilizing arthroscopic techniques may provide a favorable alternative to open quadricepsplasty.
Deformation of Display for Handheld Devices During Drop Impact

Chemically strengthened glass is widely used as a cover glass in consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and notebook computers. A cover glass protects the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) in these devices from field abuse, such as scratches and impacts in device drop. Therefore, it is important to investigate the protective glass response under dynamic impact loading. The pendulum ball drop test has been applied in the past to understand glass panel's dynamic behavior upon impact with a steel ball. Excellent correlation in the deformation of the glass panels between measurement and modeling has been obtained in the past. However, compared to deformation, strain is more oscillatory in nature and differs in frequency of response due to wave propagation and contact complexities. Hence, measurement of strain needs extended care, and needs to be further investigated. In this study, a steel ball is made to freely fall and drop on to the surface of the glass. The glass panel is simply supported over cylindrical steel supports. This arrangement minimizes the wave propagation complexities and uncertainties in the measurements. Care is taken in the fixture design to ensure that glass receives most of the impact energy, and no or minimal impact energy is lost in the fixture due to its compliance. Two synchronized high-speed cameras monitor the impact of the ball from the bottom of the glass. Images captured at high frame rates are analyzed using 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, and the full field dynamic response of the test subject is captured. Efforts were made to spray speckle pattern on the sample as fine as possible so that small facet size and step could be maintained, hence measurement accuracy is increased, but at the same time, data obtained is more prone to noise, and therefore, proper filtering technique was applied to take care of this problem. Finally, a Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed that uses ABAQUS to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic response of the glass. Excellent correlation in deformation and strain are obtained between the measurements and predictions for different energy drops. With the validated finite element model deformation and strain measurements can be implemented on product level drop.
Models for Evaluating Supply Chains and Network Structures

So far, the value-added processes or systems have been treated as a “black-box”. We examine the resources available to the processes or systems and monitor the “conversions” of these resources (inputs) into the desired outputs. However, each process or system can include many subprocesses. For example, if the process is to make a car, then important subprocesses include assembling and painting. If we evaluate the efficiency of a supply chain system, then we need to measure the performance of each individual supply chain components, including suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and customers.
The Open Spectral Database: an open platform for sharing and searching spectral data

A number of websites make available spectral data for download (typically as JCAMP-DX text files) and one (ChemSpider) that also allows users to contribute spectral files. As a result, searching and retrieving such spectral data can be time consuming, and difficult to reuse if the data is compressed in the JCAMP-DX file. What is needed is a single resource that allows submission of JCAMP-DX files, export of the raw data in multiple formats, searching based on multiple chemical identifiers, and is open in terms of license and access. To address these issues a new online resource called the Open Spectral Database (OSDB) http://osdb.info/ has been developed and is now available. Built using open source tools, using open code (hosted on GitHub), providing open data, and open to community input about design and functionality, the OSDB is available for anyone to submit spectral data, making it searchable and available to the scientific community. This paper details the concept and coding, internal architecture, export formats, Representational State Transfer (REST) Application Programming Interface and options for submission of data. The OSDB website went live in November 2015. Concurrently, the GitHub repository was made available at https://github.com/stuchalk/OSDB/ , and is open for collaborators to join the project, submit issues, and contribute code. The combination of a scripting environment (PHPStorm), a PHP Framework (CakePHP), a relational database (MySQL) and a code repository (GitHub) provides all the capabilities to easily develop REST based websites for ingestion, curation and exposure of open chemical data to the community at all levels. It is hoped this software stack (or equivalent ones in other scripting languages) will be leveraged to make more chemical data available for both humans and computers.
Crack Propagation in Hot Mix Asphalt Overlay Using Extended Finite-Element Model

AbstractThis study investigates the crack propagation behavior of asphalt materials through the use of damage models using the principles of the disturbed state concept (DSC). Traction–separation c...
Epidemiology of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Abstract Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are implicated in approximately a quarter of a million thrombotic events in the United States annually. These antibodies, anticardiolipin, anti-β2 glycoprotein I, and the lupus anticoagulant, can be found in healthy subjects with an increased prevalence in older populations, in children, in infections, and with malignancies. The risk of thrombosis is highest with multiple high-titre antibodies and in those in whom the lupus anticoagulant is detected. Factors such as hypertension and smoking also contribute to the rate of thrombosis. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the lupus anticoagulant is the strongest predictor of thrombosis, with a 50% 20-year risk. The most common manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome is deep venous thrombosis. Stroke is the most common arterial event, and aPL are implicated most frequently in those under the age of 50. There are conflicting data regarding pregnancy morbidity and aPL. Whilst pregnancy loss appears to occur at a higher rate with aPL, the data on other pregnancy morbidity, such as preeclampsia and the HELLP syndrome, have not consistently shown an association. In SLE, aPL are common, with the prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies being 46% and that of the lupus anticoagulant 26%. Thus, aPL occur at a low frequency in the general population and are implicated in many thrombotic events. The risk of thrombosis increases with the antibody titre, number and presence of the lupus anticoagulant, which is of particular importance in the prediction of thrombosis in SLE.
Innate Memory T cells

Memory T cells are usually considered to be a feature of a successful immune response against a foreign antigen, and such cells can mediate potent immunity. However, in mice, alternative pathways have been described, through which naive T cells can acquire the characteristics and functions of memory T cells without encountering specific foreign antigen or the typical signals required for conventional T cell differentiation. Such cells reflect a response to the internal rather the external environment, and hence such cells are called innate memory T cells. In this review, we describe how innate memory subsets were identified, the signals that induce their generation and their functional properties and potential role in the normal immune response. The existence of innate memory T cells in mice raises questions about whether parallel populations exist in humans, and we discuss the evidence for such populations during human T cell development and differentiation.
Proselytization and popular music: A policy framework for religious musical expression in public schools

What legal and ethical issues arise when students choose to perform popular music with explicitly religious content? The purpose of this article is to construct a policy framework for discussing th...
Amargosa Sepiolite and Saponite: Geology, Mineralogy, and Markets

Abstract Generally speaking, on a worldwide basis, such large commercial deposits of sepiolite and saponite are infrequent. For instance, presently, there are just three other commercial deposits of sepiolite being mined and processed: Spain, Turkey, and China. The Amargosa Valley, Nevada, presents a unique geological environment for the formation of sepiolite, and also of saponite in commercial quantities. During the Pliocene and Pleistocene, sepiolite formed by precipitation from fresh water containing soluble silica and magnesium. Then as the salinity of the water increased, and other factors changed, saponite precipitated. The lath structure of sepiolite, its dispersibility in fresh or saline water, and its thermal stability give it viscosity and suspension properties in fresh or salt water drilling, and even in geothermal drilling applications. Further, the lath structure of sepiolite results in abundant external and internal surface areas, an excellent property for applications requiring absorption and adsorption of various liquids, such as greases, oils, and chemicals, and animal wastes (the largest world sorption market for sepiolite is for pet litter). In addition, the low cation exchange capacity and chemical inertness of this lath structure allow it to absorb and adsorb pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and herbicides without significant degradation of active ingredients. Another physical property of sepiolite, that is, less than 2 μm lath length, renders it suitable in emulsions, coatings, undercoatings, caulks, retardants, binders, joining compounds, etc. Saponite also has competitive advantage in geothermal drilling. Because of its sheet structure and/or gelling properties, saponite is used in formulations of construction materials and environmental sealants and liners.
Body Language Awareness: Teaching Medical Spanish Interpreting

Based on personal experiences and observations in medical Spanish interpreting and teaching, Ruggiero provides educators with a practical pedagogical model for incorporating body language awareness into medical Spanish and interpreting courses. In the process, she problematizes the role of body language in interpreting and brings to light the issue of body language awareness in interpreting and interpreter training. The chapter includes a brief discussion of the issue of body language in interpreting, a presentation and analysis of three illustrative scenarios based on the author’s own experiences and observations in medical Spanish interpreting and teaching, and a recommendation of teaching resources and activities intended to raise awareness of body language in interpreting, including suggested readings, viewing and reflection activities, and role-play exercises.
Theory and Demonstration of Noisy Oscillator Samplers for Clock Jitter and Phase Delay Measurement

A stochastic technique for on-chip measurement of jitter, delay, and duty-cycle of clock signals is introduced. The technique uses a simple noisy oscillator to perform random sampling and allows easy integration in CMOS process. Theoretical analysis proving the accuracy and robustness of the technique is presented. An implementation in CMOS 65nm process, occupying an active area of 0.015 mm2 and consuming 0.89 mW, achieves a root mean square error of 0.1 and 0.31 ps in externally referenced and self-referenced jitter measurements, respectively.
Neonatal heart transplantation

Neonatal heart transplantation was developed and established in the 1980's as a durable modality of therapy for complex-uncorrectable heart disease. Patients transplanted in the neonatal period have experienced unparalleled long-term survival, better than for any other form of solid-organ transplantation. However, the limited availability of neonatal and young infant donors has restricted the indications and applicability of heart transplantation among newborns in the current era. Indications for heart transplantation include congenital heart disease not amenable to other forms of surgical palliation, and cardiomyopathy, including some primary tumors. Use of ABO-incompatible transplants, and organs with prolonged cold ischemic time or marginal function have all been associated with good outcomes in infants. These extended strategies to increase the donor pool may also someday include donation after determination of circulatory death and the use of anencephalic donors. The operative techniques for donors and recipients of neonatal heart transplantation are unique and have been well-described. Immunosuppression protocols for neonates need not include induction and are largely steroid-free. Newborn and young infant transplant recipients have fewer episodes of rejection, less coronary allograft vasculopathy, less post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and less renal dysfunction than their older counterparts. Long-term outcomes have been very encouraging in terms of graft survival, patient survival, and quality of life. Our review highlights the history, current indications, techniques and outcomes of heart transplantation in this immunologically-privileged subset of patients.