cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time dynamic MR image reconstruction using Kalman Filtered Compressed Sensing

In recent work, Kalman Filtered Compressed Sensing (KF-CS) was proposed to causally reconstruct time sequences of sparse signals, from a limited number of “incoherent” measurements. In this work, we develop the KF-CS idea for causal reconstruction of medical image sequences from MR data. This is the first real application of KF-CS and is considerably more difficult than simulation data for a number of reasons, for example, the measurement matrix for MR is not as “incoherent” and the images are only compressible (not sparse). Greatly improved reconstruction results (as compared to CS and its recent modifications) on reconstructing cardiac and brain image sequences from dynamic MR data are shown.
Performance evaluation of cyclic polyspectrum estimators

Results of analysis and computer simulations are used to compare two methods of estimating the cyclic polyspectrum. The computational requirements of the two methods are determined and compared. A cycle leakage phenomenon is explained and it is shown that, for a given amount of data, only one of the two methods can be modified to reduce this leakage, but at the cost of increased computations. Numerical examples of measurements of fourth-order cyclic polyspectra are provided to illustrate the leakage problem. >
Enhanced heat transfer in partially‐saturated hydrothermal systems

The role of capillarity is potentially important for determining heat transfer in hydrothermal regions. Capillarity allows mixing of phases in liquid/vapor systems and results in enhanced two-phase convection. Comparisons involving a numerical model with capillarity and analytical models without indicate that heat transfer can be enhanced by about an order of magnitude. Whether capillarity can be important for a particular hydrothermal region will depend on the nature of mineral precipitation as well as pore and fracture size distributions.
Barriers, Limits and Limitations to Resilience

Enhancing resilience has become a key element of preparedness for extreme events and climate change. While much progress has been made in defining components of resilience, many questions remain about identification of appropriate strategies for building resilience, barriers to implementation of these strategies, and limits to the potential effectiveness of these efforts. New questions are also emerging about inherent limitations of resilience-based approaches, suggesting that resiliency efforts must be coupled with broader transformations of the social and political conditions that create and perpetuate vulnerabilities. Investigation of resilience options and barriers has particular resonance for urbanized coastal communities, many of which face significant climate hazards and development-related pressures and are also encountering a suite of technical, political, financial, legal, and policy hurdles to adaptation. This study explored these issues in coastal New Jersey, USA. The methodology entailed a co-production approach, whereby stakeholders and researchers collaborated in the development of climate risk and vulnerability information and identification of resilience options and barriers. The collaboration provided important insights into barriers, limits and limitations of on-going resilience-building efforts but also revealed potential openings for transformation.
Race, Community, and Urban Schools: Partnering with African American Families by Stuart Greene

Race, Community, and Urban Schools: Partnering with African American Families by Stuart Greene New York: Teachers College Press, 2013, 168 pages.
Language models and automatic topic categorization for information retrieval in handwritten documents

People have become accustomed to accessing (searching, retrieving, reading) information online with ease. This information is largely limited to ASCII documents, though access to printed and spoken documents has significantly improved in recent years. Despite several decades of research in handwriting recognition, the goal of having computers access handwritten information from unconstrained document images is still elusive. Current handwriting recognition systems are only capable of recognizing words that are present in a restricted lexicon typically comprised of 10-1000 words. As the size of the lexicon grows, the recognition accuracy falls sharply and is reported to be around 30% for a 10K word lexicon. It is generally believed in the Information Retrieval (IR) community that OCR accuracy needs to be around ∼70%-80% for an acceptable user experience. The objective of this research is to raise the accuracy levels on unconstrained handwritten documents so that they can be accessed with the same ease as printed or ASCII documents. We have used statistical language modeling techniques to advance the state-of-the-art in handwriting recognition. We use an innovative 'noisy-channel' model to correct the errors made by OCR systems and use automatic topic categorization methods based on state-of-the art statistical models like Maximum Entropy and Latent Dirichlet Allocation to reduce the effective size of the lexicon. A beam-search technique is used to prune and re-rank the multiple hypotheses using the confidences returned by the recognizer and the topic categories. We have adapted the Vector Space Model and the Latent Semantic Analysis technique to account for the multiple (top-N) recognition hypotheses. In the retrieval phase we use convolution and relevance models to improve the precision of the retrieval results. The experimental evaluation was performed on a publicly available IAM dataset of over 1500 pages written by more than 600 writers covering a wide variety of topics and a separate dataset of 5000 hand-filled medical forms. Our topic categorization approach improves the top choice accuracy of word recognition from 30% to 45% (on average) and the top-10 accuracy is improved from 50% to the "sweet spot" range of 70%. Also, the experiments on these improved top-10 results in conjunction with our improved retrieval models show a performance at par with the retrieval on ground truth of the handwritten documents.
Desmoplastic fibroma (fibromatosis) of the jawbones: Report of a case and review of the literature

Desmoplastic fibroma (fibromatosis) is rarely seen as a primary tumor of bone. Its occurrence as a central lesion in the jaws is even more uncommon. The case of a 26-year-old woman with a central desmoplastic fibroma of the body of the mandible is described. The lesion manifested as a painless swelling and radiographically appeared as a well-delineated radiolucency. On exploration, the tumor was found to have infiltrated through the lingual cortex. Microscopic examination revealed invasion of muscle. The clinicopathologic features of this case and of the twenty-five similar lesions previously described in the literature are analyzed and discussed.
Histochemical demonstration of sites of choline esterase activity.

SummarySome choline esterases hydrolyze higher choline esters readily and they also survive to a demonstrable extent the procedures of histological fixation and embedding. It is possible to demonstrate them histo-chemically by incubating slides with the substrate in the presence of a cobalt salt; at the sites of choline esterase activity insoluble cobalt-soap will precipitate which can be transformed into black CoS. The histochemical distribution and properties of choline esterase are described.
Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: More Than A Simple Colonic Transit Disorder

Background:Constipation affects up to 28% of Americans in 4 pathophysiologic patterns: slow transit constipation, dyssynergic defecation, a combination of both, and normal colon transit with normal pelvic floor function. Constipation may be a part of a generalized gastrointestinal (GI) tract transit
IDIOTYPE AND LYMPHOCYTES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the idiotypic specificity on the receptors of B and T lymphocytes. In a study described in the chapter, PFC-secreting antibodies exhibiting particular IdXs were examined for PFC inhibition by the addition of antiidiotypic antisera to the agarose. In this system, it was shown that the majority of anti-PC PFC carry T15 IdX, antiinulin PFC carry E109 IdX, and anti-streptococcus antibodies exhibit A5A or S117 IdXs. Labeled anti-idiotypic antibodies against rat antiallo-antigens, rabbit anti-bovine RNase, and anti-human myeloma proteins have also been used to determine the percentage of B cells carrying idiotypic specificities. The receptor of rat T cells for alloantigens carry the same idiotypic specificity as rat anti-alloantigens antibodies. T helper cells in mice carrying the idiotypic specificity coded by VH genes are located on T cell receptors. Rabbit T cells binding bovine RNase carry not only the Id specificity of anti-RNase antibodies but also a series allotypes located in the framework of the V H region of rabbit Ig.
Treatment of voiding complaints and incontinence in painful bladder syndrome

SUMMARY The treatment of voiding complaints and incontinence in painful bladder syndrome requires careful attention to detail. As the exact nature of these conditions is unknown, no single modality is effective, and multiple treatments may be required. A sympathetic and supportive physician is necessary in all these cases.
Abstract 2288: Targeting mTOR pathway in rare and recalcitrant tumors

INTRODUCTION: Genomic alterations affecting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are commonly seen among various cancer types [Kandoth 2013]. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical utility of using comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in the course of clinical care to identify genomic alterations affecting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in patients with either rare or refractory cancers. METHODS: CGP was performed by Foundation Medicine, Inc. Genomic alterations were reviewed by members of an institutional molecular tumor board (MTB). Consensus recommendations on genomically targeted, clinically relevant FDA-approved, on- and off-label therapies and clinical trials were sent to the treating physician for their consideration as treatment alternatives. Ninety-seven tumors with alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with cancers that were either rare or refractory to standard therapy received drug targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Age range was 18-78 years old. Thirteen patients were non-Hispanic White, three non-Hispanic Black, two Hispanic and one Asian. Tumors tested included 6 gynecologic, 5 renal, 2 sarcomas and one each of pancreatic, melanoma, T cell lymphoma, bladder, adrenal, and skin-not melanoma. Treatment outcomes were available for 19/33 patients (one patient died soon after presentation at the MTB and could not be treated). Seven (37%) patients derived clinical benefit from a drug targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway; the duration of clinical benefit ranged from 90-245 days. The clinical benefit was not tumor type specific and included two endometrial tumors, 2 renal tumors, one sarcoma, one adrenal paraganglioma and one micropapillary urothelial carcinoma. Eight patients have not been started on PI3K/AKT/mTOR targeted therapy yet. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that tumors with alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may respond to targeted therapy regardless of tumor of origin. Citation Format: Veronica Rojas, Shridar Ganesan, Kim M. Hirshfield, Robert S. Dipaola, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez. Targeting mTOR pathway in rare and recalcitrant tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2288.
Simulated Performance of 3-DTI Gamma-Ray Telescope Concepts

We present Monte Carlo simulations of two astronomical gamma-ray telescope concepts based on the Three-Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) detector. The 3-DTI consists of a time projection chamber with two-dimensional, crossed-strip micro-well detector readout. The full three-dimensional reconstruction of charged-particle tracks in the gas volume is obtained from transient digitizers, which record the time signature of the charge collected in the wells of each strip. Such detectors hold great promise for advanced Compton telescope (ACT) and advanced pair telescope (APT) concepts due to the very precise measurement of charged particle momenta that is possible (Compton recoil electrons and electron-positron pairs, respectively). We have investigated the performance of baseline ACT and APT designs based on the 3-DTI detector using simulation tools based on GEANT3 and GEANT4, respectively. We present the expected imaging, spectroscopy, polarimetry, and background performance of each design.
Surface-Plasmon-Coupled Fluorescence Enhancement Based on Ordered Gold Nanorod Array Biochip for Ultrasensitive DNA Analysis

An innovative gold nanorod (GNR) array biochip was developed to systematically investigate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-coupled fluorescence enhancement for signal amplification in molecular beacon detection. An ordered GNR assembly in vertical standing array on a glass surface was fabricated as plasmonic substrates, resulting in dramatically intensified LSPR between adjacent nanoparticles as compared to that from an ensemble of random nanorods. We have shown that the plasmonic response of the nanoarray can be tuned by the proper choice of GNR size to overlap the fluorophore excitation and emission wavelengths greater than 600 nm. Plasmon-induced fluorescence enhancement was found to be distance-dependent with the competition between quenching and enhancement by the metal nanostructures. The augmented fluorescence enhancement by the GNR array can efficiently overcome the quenching effect of the gold nanoparticle even at close proximity. The enhancement correlates with the spectral overla...
A divide-and-conquer procedure for sparse inverse covariance estimation

We consider the composite log-determinant optimization problem, arising from the l1- regularized Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator of a sparse inverse covariance matrix, in a high-dimensional setting with a very large number of variables. Recent work has shown this estimator to have strong statistical guarantees in recovering the true structure of the sparse inverse covariance matrix, or alternatively the underlying graph structure of the corresponding Gaussian Markov Random Field, even in very high-dimensional regimes with a limited number of samples. In this paper, we are concerned with the computational cost in solving the above optimization problem. Our proposed algorithm partitions the problem into smaller sub-problems, and uses the solutions of the sub-problems to build a good approximation for the original problem. Our key idea for the divide step to obtain a sub-problem partition is as follows: we first derive a tractable bound on the quality of the approximate solution obtained from solving the corresponding sub-divided problems. Based on this bound, we propose a clustering algorithm that attempts to minimize this bound, in order to find effective partitions of the variables. For the conquer step, we use the approximate solution, i.e., solution resulting from solving the sub-problems, as an initial point to solve the original problem, and thereby achieve a much faster computational procedure.
Characterisation of stable manea bargaining networks

We set up a model of endogenous network formation that extends the work of Mihai Manea (American Economic Review, Vol. 101, pp.2042-2080, 2011). Rubinstein and Wolinsky (Econometrica, Vol. 53, pp.1133-1150, 1985) looked at bargaining in markets with two populations. They found that in a model of markets with noncooperative foundations, the market equilibrium was not the competitive equilibrium. Gale (Journal of Economic Theory, Vol.43, pp.20-54, 1987) sets up a model that is similar to Rubinstein and Wolinsky but find a result that is in direct conflict with this finding. Manea (2011) extends Rubinstein and Wolinsky to look at multiple populations of agents. Manea introduces a reasonably realistic way of measuring bargaining power for agents in the network that is able to take in to account the entire network structure. We study Manea's network bargaining game and examine the set of stable networks using the notion of pairwise link stability as defined by Jackson and Wolinsky (Journal of Economic Theory, 1996). We completely characterise the set of Manea's link stable networks for all positive fixed costs per link. We show for all positive costs all link stable Manea bargaining networks are of degree two or less. This means that link stable Manea networks are circles and line segments. We also characterise the structure of the link stable networks at all costs. For high enough costs, below autarky levels, the only link stable networks involve bilateral bargaining. We extend the analysis to Nash stable and strongly Nash stable networks. JEL Classification: D85
Obscene Supplements, or, What We Write About When We Write About Death

How do we speak of death? How do we speak of women's death? All speech, writes Derrida, requires a supplement; all speech is no more than supplement. But women's death, in refugee camps, in wars, in homes, is so often uniquely, obscenely supplemented with rape and mutilation. Women may die as "people," even as "humans." As a mass grave, a release of smoke, a tangle of bones, as the compound womenandchildren. Women may not die, singularly, as women, without being supplemented. Ingeborg Bachmann's novel Malina offers a fantastical reprieve: its narrator speaks the murder of a woman, a murder that belongs to no one, to which no one belongs, that answers for itself, that answers no one.
Tuning Porosity and Surface Area in Mesoporous Silicon for Application in Li-Ion Battery Electrodes.

This work aims to improve the poor cycle lifetime of silicon-based anodes for Li-ion batteries by tuning microstructural parameters such as pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area in chemically synthesized mesoporous silicon. Here we have specifically produced two different mesoporous silicon samples from the magnesiothermic reduction of ordered mesoporous silica in either argon or forming gas. In situ X-ray diffraction studies indicate that samples made in Ar proceed through a Mg2Si intermediate, and this results in samples with larger pores (diameter ≈ 90 nm), modest total porosity (34%), and modest specific surface area (50 m2 g–1). Reduction in forming gas, by contrast, results in direct conversion of silica to silicon, and this produces samples with smaller pores (diameter ≈ 40 nm), higher porosity (41%), and a larger specific surface area (70 m2 g–1). The material with smaller pores outperforms the one with larger pores, delivering a capacity of 1121 mAh g–1 at 10 A g–1 and retains 1292 mA...
Bone and FDG PET/CT scanning for the assessment of osseous involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma in children and young adults

334 Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of FDG PET CT and skeletal scintigraphy in the management of children, adolescents, and young adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: 18 patients aged 7 -24 years with HL lymphoma were the subjects of this study. Each received bone scanning and FDG PET CT for clinical purposes within 2 weeks of each other. Eleven patients were first studied at the time of disease presentation and 7 at the time of known or suspected relapse. There were 38 scan pairs in total. Results: Six patients (9 scan pairs) had disease demonstrated on both scans. In 4 patients (5 scan pairs), FDG PET CT showed involvement that was not evident on bone scanning. In 2 patients (2 scan pairs), the FDG PET scan was considered equivocal while the bone scan was negative. In 2 more patients (2 scan pairs), FDG PET CT showed involvement while the bone scan was considered equivocal. In one patient (one scan pair), bone scanning showed abnormal uptake in a benign lesion. In 9 patients (19 scan pairs), neither study showed bone involvement. Conclusions: All sites of osseous involvement identified on skeletal scintigraphy were present on FDG PET CT scanning. Many additional sites of bone metastases were identified on FDG PET CT scanning. Since FDG PET CT detects both osseous and non osseous lesions, FDG PET CT is the functional imaging method of choice to evaluate patients with Hodgkin lymphoma for bone involvement. The bone scan may be safely eliminated, resulting in cost savings and reduction in radiation exposure
Bedrock geology of the Paleozoic rocks of western New Haven quadrangle, Connecticut

ABSTRACTThe Paleozoic rocks underlying the western third of the New Haven Quadrangle, Connecticut, are mapped at a scale of 1:24,000. This area of ∼41.5 km2, previously mapped only in reconnaissance, contains polymetamorphic argillites and mafic rocks. The northern portion of the mapped area contains the pelitic Wepawaug schist, whereas the southern portion is underlain by the pelitic Savin Schist. Between them lies the Maltby Lakes Complex (MLC) that contains newly identified fault slivers of variably metamorphosed mafic phyllites and amphibolites. Metamorphic foliations in both the MLC and the Savin Schist are truncated by a swarm of basalt dikes: the Allingtown porphyry, which is itself commonly schistose and locally mylonitic. Previous interpretations held that these rocks constitute a conformable, northwest-topping stratigraphic sequence. In contrast, we propose that Ordovician(?) oceanic rocks of the MLC were variably metamorphosed and faulted against the Ordovician(?) Savin Schist. These were intru...
The Influence of Afrocentric Spirituality on Counselling Stigma and Help-Seeking Perceptions among Nigerian Americans

This empirical study examined the relations between Afrocentric spirituality and psychological help-seeking attitudes, intentions, and stigma among Nigerian adults living in the United States of America (N = 122). Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Spirituality Scale (Jagers and Smith in Journal of Black Psychology, 22, 429–442, 1996), the Perception of Stigmatization by Others for Seeking Psychological Help Scale (Vogel et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychiatry, 56, 301–308, 2009), the Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (Vogel et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 325–337, 2006), the Intention to Seek Counselling Inventory (Cash et al. in Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 111–112, 1975), and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (Fischer and Turner in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 79–90, 1970). Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that there was no relation between Afrocentric spirituality and help-seeking attitudes or self-stigma about seeking counselling. However, there was a positive correlation between Afrocentric spirituality and other-perceived stigma, demonstrating that increased Afrocentric spirituality predicted increased perceived stigma from others about seeking counselling services. Contrary to expectations, there was a positive correlation between Afrocentric spirituality and intentions to seek counselling. Implications for counselling practice and theory are presented.
Competing Risk of Death With End-Stage Renal Disease in Diabetic Kidney Disease

The concept of competing risks is particularly relevant to survival analyses of diabetic ESRD given the high likelihood of death prior to ESRD. Approaches such as Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models operate on the assumption that there are no competing risks for the event of interest, yielding uninterpretable and generally biased estimates in the presence of competing risks. The cumulative incidence function and Fine-Gray regression are more appropriate methodologies for survival analysis when competing risks are present. We present an example taken from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes, a randomized trial of people with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Participants were stratified according to baseline markers of kidney disease: (1) no kidney disease; (2) low estimated glomerular filtration rate; (3) microalbuminuria alone; and (4) macroalbuminuria. The macroalbuminuria group had the highest risk for ESRD and demonstrated the most marked difference between the Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence estimator. Cox and Fine-Gray regression models yielded similar risk estimates for baseline characteristics, with the exception of diabetes duration, which was significant in the Cox but not Fine-Gray model. We underscore the importance of competing risk methods, particularly when the competing risk is common, as is the case in diabetic kidney disease.
Gas bubble cavities in deltaic muds, Lake Powell delta, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Hite, Utah

Abstract Cavities produced by migrating gas, mainly methane, emanating from the near subsurface are a rarely reported sedimentary structure from either modern or ancient clastic sediments. The delta of the Colorado River in Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area provides an excellent recently accessible locality for examining soft sediment deformation structures generated by escaping gases and fluids. Sub-meter-scale to tens-of-meter-scale structures, including craters, salses, and sand and mud volcanoes are present on the modern Lake Powell delta. Abundant sub-centimeter-scale cavities are found in excavations through crater sediments and exposed along cut-bank exposures of the Colorado River. In cross section the cavities are subvertical, irregular-to sigmoidal-to lenticular-shaped, 1–3 mm short axes, up to ∼3.0 cm long axes, and ∼1 cm intermediate axes. Cavities are developed in cm-scale, laminated silty clay and clay graded beds. The tops of the cavities are wider than their bases. The cavities observed in the Lake Powell delta are interpreted as mode 1 fractures and probably represent a clastic morphologic analog to ‘molar-tooth’ carbonate structures. The characteristics of the cavities, and the geometries and deformation of the surrounding delta-mud host, are consistent with bubbles and fracturing generated by gas migration experiments and theoretical calculations but vary because of inherent heterogeneity of the sediments. Fractures developed as gas migrated into pre-existing cavities causing overpressure in cavities and leading to subvertical mode 1 fracture propagation. Recent sudden decompression related to rapid lake level drops of Lake Powell may have enhanced the release of gas, primarily bacterially produced, leading to the development of these soft sediment deformation structures.
Cosmological Argument: A Pragmatic Defense

We formulate a sort of “generic” Cosmological argument, i.e., a Cosmological argument that shares premises (e.g., “contingent, concretely existing entities have a cause”) with numerous versions of the argument. We then defend each of the premises by offering pragmatic arguments for them. We show that an endorsement of each premise will lead to an increase in expected utility; so in the absence of strong evidence that the premises are false, it is rational to endorse them. Therefore, it is rational to endorse the Cosmological argument, and so rational to endorse theism. We then consider possible objections.
Tension in Bohm’s Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

David Bohm and his predecessor Louis de Broglie (1927) were exploratory men, each of whom proposed and examined a number of theories. Their various theories shared some central ideas but also differed in significant respects, and an assessment of all of these variant theories is beyond the scope of this paper. We shall mainly restrict our attention to what we shall call “Rohm’s initial theory,” which was presented in his pioneering papers (Bohm 1952a,b), and in two letters (Bohm 1952c; 1953a) and a paper (Bohm 1953b) which clarified and defended his initial presentation. Our main thesis is that two different physical views coexist uneasily in Bohm’s initial theory, which we shall call “the causal view” and “the guidance view.” We shall cite passages indicating that he was aware of this fact and that he pondered ways of relieving the tension between the two views. Because of the great historical importance of Bohm’s initial theory, there is obviously value in a careful explication de texte. In addition, however, we have a conceptual thesis: that what makes Bohm’s initial theory attractive philosophically and scientifically is a conjunction of some features of the causal view and some of the guidance view. We shall present some reasons for skepticism about the prospects for a coherent combination of the two views. We shall also note that some of the most influential advocates of Bohmian mechanics — including Durr et al. (1992a), Valentini (1991a), and Cushing (1994) — treat the tension between the two views in the initial theory of Bohm by surgery, for they retain the guidance view and discard whatever of the causal view is incompatible with it. We shall not undertake to assess these recent expositions of Bohmian mechanics, because of mathematical difficulties which we find very formidable, but we shall express some skeptical doubts in hope of evoking clarifications and amplifications from the authors.
Mediated Vicarious Contact with Transgender People: How Narrative Perspective and Interaction Depiction Influence Intergroup Attitudes, Transportation, and Elevation

The emerging intergroup perspective-taking narrative has become a mainstream representational strategy in the rise of transgender media visibility. Taking an experimental design approach, this study investigates how narrative perspective (Ingroup Perspective vs. Outgroup Perspective) interacts with intergroup interaction depiction (Positive vs. Negative) in transgender-related media content to redirect people’s attitudes toward transgender people, transportation, and elevation responses. The findings reveal that the outgroup perspective is more likely to elicit 1) positive attitudes toward the featured transgender character and the transgender outgroup; 2) transportation; and 3) meaningful affect, mixed affect, and motivational responses. However, the positive depiction of transgender-cisgender intergroup interaction only prompts positive attitudes toward the transgender character, meaningful affect, and physical responses. Implications of such intergroup communication strategies in public interest communications are discussed.
Surgical management of hepatoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the world’s most common deadly cancers. During the past several years progress in the treatment of this malignancy has been slow despite numerous advances in imaging, resection techniques, transplantation, perioperative care, and palliative options. Unfortunately, most patients who present with HCC are unresectable at the time of their diagnosis and are therefore not curable. For these patients a variety of palliative treatment modalities exist, some of which are effective in enhancing the quality of life and prolonging survival. For the potentially resectable patient, a number of factors must be considered before resection is performed. Determining resectability in patients with HCC can be difficult. They represent a more challenging group than some other patients with liver tumors, such as those with colorectal hepatic metastases, in that many HCC patients with resectable tumors carry the added burden of cirrhosis and/or chronic hepatitis. This adds the another dimension to the preoperative workup, which determines whether a technically resectable patient will have sufficient hepatic reserve to survive the postoperative stress of hepatic resection. The majority of operative mortality from liver resection for HCC is caused by hepatic failure. In this chapter we focus upon the current staging workup for the potentially resectable patient, operative decisionmaking and techniques, and the factors dictating prognosis for the resected patient.
Tandem Inter [4 + 2]/Intra [3 + 2] Cycloadditions. 17. The Spiro Mode. Efficient and Highly Selective Synthesis of Azapropellanes

A new variant of the tandem inter [4 + 2]/intra [3 + 2] nitroalkene cycloaddition has been developed. Intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of a 2-nitroalkene (bearing an unsaturated ester moiety, the dipolarophile) with a vinyl ether produces a cyclic nitronate substituted at C(3) wherein the only stereogenic center is the anomeric carbon C(6). Since the dipolarophile is attached to a tether extending from the C(3) of the nitronate (α-carbon of the nitroalkene), the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition affords a spiro tricyclic nitroso acetal. The cycloaddition proceeds smoothly for three- and four-atom tethers to afford five- and six-membered rings. Both E- and Z-unsaturated esters serve well as dipolarophiles, but the E-isomers react more selectively. Hydrogenolysis of the nitroso acetals affords the spiro tricyclic α-hydroxy lactams in good yield. Remarkably high levels of asymmetric induction are observed with the use of a chiral vinyl ether derived from (1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclohexanol. The origin of asy...
Love in the Cultural Context of Emotional Life

Chapter 1 sets love in the general context of emotional life. The experience and expression of love substantially depend on the cultural context of people’s emotional life. People experience and express love in a variety of emotions, and therefore, cultural differences of emotional organization certainly matter in this regard. A cultural diversity of emotional experience and expression reflects love beliefs and attitudes.
Lessons Learned in Design-Build and Construction-Manager-at-Risk Water and Wastewater Project

AbstractThe use of design-build (DB) and construction-manger-at-risk (CMAR) delivery methods have increased significantly in water and wastewater projects. Water and wastewater owners are at the fo...
Undoing historical injustice: the role of the Forest Rights Act and the Supreme Court in departing from colonial forest laws

In terms of land tenure security, forest dwellers in India, who own and manage less than 3% of forested land nationwide, are among the worst off in the world. Vulnerable to forced eviction at any p...
Evolution in the clustering of galaxies for z < 1.0

Measuring the evolution in the clustering of galaxies over a large redshift range is a challenging problem. We have developed a new technique that uses photometric redshifts to measure the angular correlation function in redshift shells. This novel approach minimizes the galaxy projection effect inherent in standard angular-correlation measurements, and allows for a measurement of the evolution in the galaxy correlation strength with redshift. In this paper, we present new results that utilize more accurate photometric redshifts, derived from a multiband data set (U, B, R, and I) covering almost 200 arcmin2 to BAB ~ 26.5 mag, to quantify the evolution in the clustering of galaxies for z < 1. We also extend our technique to incorporate absolute magnitudes, which provides a simultaneous measurement of the evolution of clustering with both redshift and intrinsic luminosity. Specifically, we find a gradual decline in the strength of clustering with redshift out to z ~ 1, as predicted by semianalytic models of structure formation. Furthermore, we find that r0(z = 0) ≈ 4.0 h-1 Mpc for the predictions of linear theory in an Ω0 = 0.1 universe.
Women's Health in the Era of Mass Incarceration

Dramatic increases in criminal justice contact in the United States have rendered prison and jail incarceration common for US men and their loved ones, with possible implications for women's health...
Induction, constructivity, and grounding

This paper is divided into two parts, the first being a point of departure for the second. I will begin by discussing a well-known negative argument due to Mark Lange concerning the explanatory role of mathematical induction. In the first part of the paper, I offer yet another response to Lange’s argument and attempt to characterize the sort of explanatory role played by inductive proofs. That account depends on two structural principles about explanatory proof that look like a fragment of a constructive semantics for that concept. The remainder of the paper fills out this semantics and explores its consequences. It will be clear that this framework does not constitute a fully general characterization of the concept of mathematical proof; the question will be whether there is a natural class of proofs that it does characterize. My answer will be that it nicely describes what I shall call grounding explanatory proofs. A proof of this sort explains the sentence proved in terms of the grounds of the fact that it describes. I will conclude by briefly exploring the connections between grounding proofs and the notion of purity.
The effects of divided attention at encoding on specific and gist-based associative episodic memory

Effects of divided attention (DA) during encoding on later memory performance are widely documented. However, the precise nature of these effects on underlying memory representations and subsequent retrieval processes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we examined whether DA at encoding would disrupt young adults' ability to remember associations in episodic memory at highly specific levels of representation (i.e., verbatim memory), or whether the effects of DA extend also to gist memory for associations. Two groups of participants (one under full attention, one under DA) studied face-scene pairs. The DA group simultaneously completed an auditory choice reaction-time task during encoding. Following either a short or long delay, participants were tested on their ability to discriminate intact face-scene pairs from recombined pairs that were either highly similar, less similar, or completely unrelated to originally studied pairs. The DA group performed more poorly than the full attention participants at correctly classifying most types of test pairs at both delays, and results from a multinomial-processing-tree model demonstrated that participants who encoded associations under DA experienced deficits in both specific and gist memory retrieval. We also compared the DA group to full attention older adults who were tested with the same paradigm (Greene & Naveh-Benjamin, Psychological Science, 31[3], 316-331, 2020). The DA group had lower estimates of gist retrieval than the older adults but similar estimates of verbatim memory. These results suggest that DA at encoding disrupts episodic memories at multiple levels of representation, in contrast to age-related effects, which are restricted only to the highest levels of specificity.
Care and Gender (Book Chapter)

I have come to realize that any concern with gender equality must expand to consider social relations far beyond the roles of men and women within the family. The family is only one part of a more complex societal system that creates social identities and assigns expectations, norms, and values to those identities and the functions they serve. The problem was not—or not only—discrimination based on their sex, when it came to women’s subordinate economic status. Rather, the problem was the devaluation of the social role and function women had been historically assigned. Women were constructed as caretakers, men as heads of households. Different social identities were imposed on the sexes, assigned through cultural, legal, and social norms defining gender differences. These identities structured how individuals would be located within societal relations: real women were to attend to men and children in the private family; real men were to compete and provide for that family in the public, economic, and political worlds. What the push for equality failed to take into account was the fact that there are very different functions associated with gendered roles—functions that are complementary and equally essential to the effective workings of the family as a unit. Mother embodies care and nurture; father economic responsibility and support. Gender neutrality linguistically flattens out such differences in roles and assumes that an achievable reallocation or sharing of the gender-specific societal tasks between men and women is possible and desirable. It does not address or necessarily alter the differing values that have been placed on those tasks formerly gendered, nor consider the degree to which other societal institutions would have to change if reforms were to be successful. What has resulted could be labeled a “care crisis,” with care devalued or ignored in the name of achieving gender equality.
Fat intake after prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality in the Physicians' Health Study.

Diet after prostate cancer diagnosis may impact disease progression. We hypothesized that consuming saturated fat after prostate cancer diagnosis would increase risk of mortality, and consuming vegetable fat after diagnosis would lower the risk of mortality. This was a prospective study among 926 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer in the Physicians’ Health Study who completed a food frequency questionnaire a median of 5 years after diagnosis and were followed for a median of 10 years after the questionnaire. We examined post-diagnostic saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat, as well as animal and vegetable fat, intake in relation to all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. We observed 333 deaths (56 prostate cancer deaths) during follow-up. Men who obtained 5 % more of their daily calories from saturated fat and 5 % less of their daily calories from carbohydrate after diagnosis had a 1.8-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.81; 95 % CI 1.20, 2.74; p value 0.005) and a 2.8-fold increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 2.78; 95 % CI 1.01, 7.64; p value 0.05). Men who obtained 10 % more of their daily calories from vegetable fats and 10 % less of their daily calories from carbohydrates had a 33 % lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.47, 0.96; p value 0.03). Among men with non-metastatic prostate cancer, saturated fat intake may increase risk of death and vegetable fat intake may lower risk of death.
Mathematical Model of Leaky Aquifer

A description is given for a technique to determine the direction and volume of leakage between a confined aquifer and an overlying unconfined aquifer. The technique involves the numerical modeling of only the unconfined aquifer, so that data are required on only this aquifer. The predicted values of water table elevation obtained from the numerical model are compared to known values. From discrepancies between these values, inferences can be made on the direction and volume of leakage. The results of the application of the technique in the Kiowa-Bijou basin of Colorado are given. Even with poor input data to the model the results obtained on the direction of leakage are good, but the accuracy of the estimate of the volume of leakage demands more on the accuracy of the input data.
Blockade of the opioid growth factor receptor with naltrexone enhances wound repair in type 2 db/db mice (734.5)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with impaired cutaneous wound healing, and can result in ulceration, infection and/or amputation. More than 26 million people in the U.S. have T2D and are vulnerable to epithelial-related complications. New therapies regulating altered diabetic pathways are needed. Topical application of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (NTX) dissolved in cream reverses delayed wound closure, and enhances angiogenesis and remodeling of full-thickness wounds in T1D rats. NTX acts though the OGF-OGFr axis to accelerate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, and is a potential therapy for nonhealing wounds. In this study, the genetically obese mouse model db/db and normal C57Bl/6 mice received 6 mm diameter circular wounds on their dorsum. Wounds were treated topically 3 times daily with 10-5 M NTX, or sterile saline, dissolved in cream, and photographed every 2 days. Db/db mice receiving saline had wounds that were 11-92% larger than those in normal mice. NTX therapy reduced resid...
Developing Constitutional Rights of, in, and for Children

The Supreme Court has in recent years decided many cases challenging state substitute-parenting activities. The increasing number of such cases on the recent Supreme Court docket is itself a striking fact, most likely reflecting the Court's perception of widespread concern about family structure in the society. Taken together, these decisions appear to vest constitutional rights in both parents and children against state interventions and increasingly to curtail state authority to intervene against parental wishes on behalf of children. But the Court has not yet formulated a coherent rationale for this stance, nor has it acknowledged that its application of constitutional norms in these cases yields some generalizations about the permissible scope of state substitute-parenting activities. This discussion will address that task. It will not consider state inter-
CONCEITOS PARA MAXIMIZAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA HABILIDADE DE MOVIMENTO ESPECIALIZADO

The goal of this theorical reflection is to search the understanding of the acquisition of specialized movements’ abilities process. At first we should understand that the development of these abilities is based upon a combination of specific requirements of: the task demands, the biology of the individual and the conditions of the learning environment. Another point to highlight is that not reaching a mature pattern of basic movements has direct consequences in the individual’s specialized movement’s abilities. This way we understand that the transition phase is characterized by the individual’s attempt in refining his abilities; at the application phase the individual becames aware of his physical abilities and limitations; and at the application along lifetime phase, the individuals generally practice to compete or to participate in recreational activities. Concluding, in all phases the goal is the ability improvement through three emphases: the movement control; the emotional control and the pleasure in learning.
Plasma levels of estradiol, testosterone, and DHEAS do not predict risk of coronary artery disease in men

Prior studies have reported men with coronary artery disease (CAD) to have elevated plasma levels of estrogens and reduced concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS). We investigated whether gonadal steroids or DHEAS are risk factors for CAD in men, using a prospective design, in a well characterized population studied at regular intervals. We studied 46 men (Cardiac group) who developed CAD and 124 men (Control group) who remained free of CAD (mean follow-up, 9.5 years). We measured testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and DHEAS, as well as plasma binding of T and E2, in samples stored before the onset of CAD (Cardiac group) or at matched times (Control group). Body mass index, blood pressure, and total serum cholesterol were measured at each visit. Both systolic blood pressure (SBP; P 65 years old (P < 0.005). Cholesterol (P < 0.05) and E2 (P < 0.001) appeared to decrease with age in the Cardiac, but not the Control, group. Moreover, total (P < 0.01) and free E2 (P < 0.05) were lower only in Cardiac men ≤55 years old. Correlations of SBP and cholesterol with steroid levels revealed only a weak inverse association of free T level with SBP (P < 0.03). These data suggest that in men, adrenal and gonadal steroids do not strongly influence CAD risk and that cholesterol and SBP are more important CAD risk factors in young and in old men, respectively. Moreover, our findings are consistent with those that indicate a cardioprotective role for endogenous E2 in men, as well as in women.
Far-Infrared Emission from the Thermal Arched Filaments

We present here 50 and 90 µm maps with spatial resolution of 26″ and 33″, respectively, of the Arched Filaments. From these we calculate a total luminosity of 1.2 × 108L⊙ for the region mapped, and a luminosity of 3.4 × 107L⊙ for the filaments themselves. A dust temperature map of the region, constructed from the far-infrared data, shows that the dust temperature is constant along the filaments, although somewhat clumpy, ranging from 45 to 55 K. Between the filaments the dust temperature drops to 40 K.