cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane State of Stress

In the previous chapter, we have derived the uncoupled differential equations (2.18) and (2.24) for the small deflection theory of plates. Through the first equation the membrane stress distribution for a plane stress problem can be obtained. In this chapter, a boundary integral formulation of this problem, based on the Rayleigh-Green theorem, will be derived. A boundary element solution and its numerical implementation will then be presented. Finally, results from a computer program written for the purpose will be compared with other results from literature.
Abstract 432: BIN3 is a novel 8p21 tumor suppressor gene that regulates the attachment checkpoint in epithelial cells

An important characteristic of multicellular organisms is the control that the tissue architecture exerts on the fate of individual cells. Epithelial cells sense their location through interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and remove themselves by programmed cell death (anoikis) when those interactions are disturbed. Importantly, anoikis is a line of defense that has to be circumvented by cancerous epithelial cells to be able to leave their home environment and establish long distance metastases. Here, by combining a genome-wide RNAi screen and a novel algorithm to study copy number alterations (ISAR-DEL), we identify the Bridging Integrator-3 (BIN3) as a novel 8p21 tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation promotes escape from anoikis in epithelial cancers. Mechanistically, we link the tumor suppression function of BIN3 to its ability to relocate to the cell membrane after cell detachment and to induce a proapoptotic cascade. This death signaling is mediated by CDC42 activation of the P38-α stress pathway and the consequent accumulation of the apoptotic facilitator BimEL. Our results identify BIN3 as a novel epithelial tumor suppressor gene, provide novel insights on the mechanisms of attachment tumor suppressor checkpoint and highlight the importance of anoikis escape in driving cell transformation and metastasis in human cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Netonia Marshall, Felix Sanchez, David Llobet, Ruth Rodriguez Barrueco, Veronica Castro, Dylan Kotlia, Maira Pires, Patricia Villagrasa, Preeti Putcha, Ramon Parsons, Dana Pe9er, Jose Silva. BIN3 is a novel 8p21 tumor suppressor gene that regulates the attachment checkpoint in epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 432. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-432
Group Response Technology in Lecture-based Instruction: Exploring Student Engagement and Instructor Perceptions

Technology has been touted as an effective method to improve teaching and learning; yet, few researchers have examined the use of technology in traditional lecture-based instruction to improve student engagement or provide feedback about student learning to the instructor. The exploratory study described in this article examined the use of group response technology (GRT) to gather student responses during instruction in a preservice special education course. Classroom observation data indicated no differences in engagement between preservice teachers who used GRT and those who used hand-written journals; however, the use of GRT provided the instructor with real-time data about student learning. These data challenged the instructor's conceptions of lecture-based instruction, causing increased attention to and heightened knowledge of student learning, which, in turn, resulted in changes in instructional practices. The potential of GRT use for increasing the effectiveness of instruction in higher education a...
Expression of a Dominant-Negative Retinoic Acid Receptor Construct Reduces Retinoic Acid Metabolism and Retinoic Acid-Induced Inhibition of NIH-3T3 Cell Growth

We have previously reported an unexpected relationship between retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and the ability of various cell lines to metabolize the retinoid. Here, we report that stable expression of the truncated retinoic acid receptor RARα403, transduced in NIH-3T3 cells by a retroviral vector, rendered the cells resistant to retinoic acid for growth inhibition and reduced their ability to metabolize the retinoid at the same time as it blunted the induction of the target gene transglutaminase II. The data suggest that retinoic acid receptors mediate the growth-inhibitory action of retinoic acid as well as its metabolism and the induction of transglutaminase II.
Recent Developments in Chemically Strengthened Glasses

To open new applications or develop more efficient structural designs for glass, there is a need to identify new processes to strengthen glass. One such approach is the chemical strengthening of glass. This approach can lead to other important benefits, notably improvements in the resistance to stress corrosion and contact damage. Recently, it has been shown that engineering the shape of the surface profile produced by chemical strengthening can lead to other improvements. With these engineered stress profile (ESP) glasses, strengths can be increased while decreasing strength variability. In ESP glasses, surface cracks are arrested and this can lead to multiple cracking as a warning of failure. The phenomenon of multiple cracking implies that the surfaces of these glasses can be damaged without any loss of strength, and this has been confirmed experimentally. An overview of the processing techniques used to produce ESP glasses, the relationship of the processing to the final stress profile, the resultant mechanical properties, and the need for accurate stress measurement are reviewed.
Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, compared with placebo in postoperative ileus after major abdominal surgery: results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

Background Alvimopan is a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor (PAM-OR) antagonist for accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after surgery.
Progressive Growth Stages of a Heritable Melanotic Neoplastic Disease in Fishes from the Day of Birth

The production of spontaneous melanotic overgrowths in adult hybrid fishes by genetic methods of breeding was outlined in the first of a series of papers in this journal in 1931. The system of matings employed in obtaining one-day-old hybrid fishes having the melanotic disease was presented in 1937. Briefly it is as follows. First, the spotted platyfish, Platypoecilus maculatus, is mated with the swordtail, Xiphophorus hellerii; then, the first generation melanotic hybrids are back-crossed to the swordtail or bred brother to sister. Such matings produced fishes in which evidence of melanotic neoplastic disease was detected, in a mendelian proportion of the brood, on the day of birth. The genetic symbols SpSp aa bb have been used to represent the spotted platyfish and spsp AA BB to represent the swordtail; Sp denotes the presence of large black spots composed of macromelanophores in the platyfish (Gordon 1927, 1931a); A and B denote the presence in the swordtail of hereditary factors which modify the normal growth characteristics of the macromelanophores in the intergeneric hybrids. When the melanotic hybrid fish of the first generation (SpSp Aa Bb) are back-crossed to the pure swordtail (spsp AA BB), half of the brood are normal while the other half are intensely melanotic. The intensity of melanosis in the melanotic half of the brood is not uniform. It is thought that those melanotic back-cross hybrids which exhibit an advanced state of melanosis probably have inherited, in addition to the dominant Sp factor for macromelanophores, the full complement (4) of the dominant modifying factors, Spsp AA BB; whereas those of the brood with less intense melanosis have probably inherited only 2 or 3 of the dominant modifying factors.
Global Multiculturalism in Undergraduate Sociology Course: An Analysis of Introductory Textbooks in the U.S.

AbstractFocusing on global multiculturalism, this study offers a content review of undergraduate introductory sociology textbooks that are being used in the United States. Through both quantitative and qualitative review of texts, it is found that there is a considerable variation in the way which concepts and latent meanings are embedded within textbook contents. The results of the review of nine textbooks show that although introductory sociology textbooks are similar in the structure of chapter headings and formatting, titles, and emphasis of diversity as shown in quantitative analysis, there is little commonality in the conceptualization by authors to insert latent theme of multiculturalism and globalization, which implies that each text has different perspective and approach in handling and inserting them into textbook. An implication is drawn that sociology textbooks might need to deal with glocalization, global multiculturalism, and its related themes in a more proactive manner if we accept the pre...
Distribution of Enzymes between Nucleus and Cytoplasm of Single Nerve Cell Bodies

The activities of nine enzymes (hexokinase, P-fructokinase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, TPN-linked isocitric dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, and ATP: NMN adenylyltransferase) and the concentration of DPN+ were determined in nuclei, cytoplasm, and cell bodies (nucleus + cytoplasm) of single dorsal root ganglion cells of the rabbit. The structures were dissected from 8- to 10-µ frozen dried tissue sections. In each case, the nucleus (0.2 to 1.2 ng) and two or three pieces of cytoplasm were obtained from the same cell body. The samples were weighed on quartz fiber balances sensitive to as little as 1.2 pg. The specific enzyme reactions were carried out in small volumes (1 nl to 5 µl) under mineral oil (oil well technique), and the DPN+, DPNH, or TPNH formed was amplified 800- to 1,000,000-fold by enzymatic cycling or double enzymatic cycling. Of the seven enzymes from major energy-yielding systems, three were higher in concentration in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm (hexokinase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, TPN-linked isocitric dehydrogenase) and two were higher in the cytoplasm (P-fructokinase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase). Unexpectedly, glutamic dehydrogenase was found in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm (at 60% of the cytoplasmic level). ATP:NMN adenylyltransferase was found to be localized almost exclusively in the cytoplasm, in complete contrast to findings of others who examined nucleiisolated in bulk.
OPMISR: the foundation for compressed ATPG vectors

Rapid increases in the wire-able gate counts of ASICs stress existing manufacturing test equipment in terms of test data volume and test capacity. Techniques are presented in this paper that allow for substantial compression of Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) produced test vectors. We show compression efficiencies allowing a more than 10-fold reduction in tester scan buffer data volume on ATPG compacted tests. In addition, we obtain almost a 2/spl times/ scan test time reduction. By implementing these techniques for production testing of huge-gate-count ASICs, IBM will continue using existing automated test equipment (ATE)-avoiding costly upgrades and replacements.
A Resource-Constrained Approach to Implementing Analytics in an Institution of Higher Education: An Experience Report

Academic analytics and learning analytics have been increasingly adopted by academic institutions of higher learning for improving student performance and retention. While several studies have reported the implementation details and the successes of specific analytics initiatives, relatively fewer studies exist in literature that describe the possible constraints that can preclude an academic or learning analytics initiative from succeeding fully, meeting the criteria of success as defined by the stakeholders affected by such initiatives. Our aim in this article is to describe the constraints that precluded a successful completion of our analytics initiative and how we re-envisioned our approach and scope to achieve our primary goals while operating within the constraints and tools associated with our academic environment.
Magnetic properties of linear chain compounds: copper(II) complexes with 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-benzoxazole and -benzothiazole

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility behavior of the copper(II) complexes of 2-( o -hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole and 2-( o -hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole has been examined over the temperature range 2–77°K. Despite established linear chain structure both complexes exhibit negligible spin exchange coupling. The present work provides additional support of an earlier conclusion that out-of-plane copper-oxygen distances of 2.8A or greater are too long to transmit spin-spin interactions.
Fiscal Federalism and Budgetary Tradeoffs in the American States

Despite the massive scale of state-level budgeting, there currently exists no theoretically grounded and empirically sound examination of budgetary tradeoffs at this level of government. In order to provide such an examination, we extend a well-accepted approach to tradeoffs at the federal level in order to accommodate the unique intergovernmental aspects of state-level budgeting. We develop expectations that need for a good, ideology of state-level decisionmakers, and the relative amounts of federal grants received in each expenditure category all influence tradeoff decisions. We test these hypotheses in an analysis of budgetary decisions in all 50 states between 1971 and 1996.
Risk factors associated with unfavorable short-term treatment outcome in patients with documented Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Background Invasive infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While risk factors for mortality have been identified, their influence on short-term outcomes impacting treatment selection has not been reported. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between select patient- and treatment-related factors and short-term outcomes in patients with PA pneumonia and/or bacteremia. Setting Large academic medical center in the United States. Methods This IRB-approved single-center, retrospective case-cohort study included patients >18 years of age with culture-confirmed PA bacteremia and/or pneumonia receiving antimicrobial agent(s) active against PA. Main Outcome Measure Risk of unfavorable short-term treatment result. Results The population consisted of 117 patients (40 [34 %] and 77 [66 %] in the unfavorable and not-unfavorable groups, respectively). Baseline characteristics including age (mean of 63 years), gender (55 % male), Charlson score, creatinine clearance, and body mass index were comparable between groups. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most common monotherapy antibiotic (46 and 33 % in unfavorable and not-unfavorable groups, respectively). Combination therapy primarily consisted of a beta-lactam plus ciprofloxacin in both unfavorable (10 %) and not-unfavorable (20 %) outcome groups. The preliminary regression model indicated that SIRS, direct ICU admission, and vasopressor therapy were associated with an unfavorable outcome. In addition, patients who received more than two active antimicrobials had a reduced risk of an unfavorable outcome. The final regression model revealed that vasopressor therapy (odds ratio [OR] 6.0; 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 2.3, 17) was associated with an unfavorable outcome, while receipt of greater than two active antibiotics was associated with a reduced risk of an unfavorable outcome (OR 0.26; 95 % CI 0.07, 0.83). Conclusions Treatment with more than two agents with activity against PA was associated with a reduced risk of an unfavorable short-term treatment outcome in patients with bacteremia and/or pneumonia.
Information aggregation and investment cycles with strategic complementarity

This paper studies the interaction between information aggregation and investment cycles with investments exhibiting strategic complementarity. The composition of information aggregation varies across different phases of cycles, which in turn affects the course of investment cycles. The phases of cycles are history dependent for informational reasons, and changes in phases depend on the growth rate of aggregate investment: a slowdown in growth is interpreted as bad news and a slowdown in downturn is considered as good news. A small structural change in low cost investments can have a large effect on the pattern of cycles. Investment cycles might be characterized by sudden crashes and slow recoveries.
Preconditioners generated by minimizing norms

We introduce two diagonal preconditioners, one of them is a scaling of the matrix. They are obtained by minimizing the norm of the iteration matrix using the Frobenius and @?"~ norms. We prove convergence of the corresponding iterations for the class of diagonally dominant matrices. For the @?"~ iteration, we also prove convergence for positive definite matrices. Both iterations compete very well with the Jacobi iteration.
A dim monocular view of Universal-Grammar access

This target article's handling of theory and data and the range of evidence surveyed for its main contention fall short of normal BBS standards. However, the contention itself is reasonable and can be supported if one rejects the “knowledge” metaphor for linguistic competence and accepts that “syntactic principles” are no more than the way the brain does language.
IT in manufacturing for performance: the challenge for Thai manufacturers

Earlier research showed through an empirical study of 60 US manufacturing companies that manufacturing proactiveness especially through investments in structural programs coupled with either high levels of manufacturing involvement or planned investments in infrastructural programs correlate with higher than average performance. To test and report if the same perception and practices are found in a developing country, here the same study is conducted in the developing country of Thailand. The results from 49 companies studied were mixed. They have not supported the findings in the developed country. Further analysis showed, in some cases, the findings are contradictory to prior results.
A Photothermal Technique for the Determination of the Thermal Conductance of Interfaces and Cracks

We describe a phase-sensitive photothermal technique for the determination of the thermal conductance of an interface, a thin interlayer, or crack embedded within a plate. The technique involves sinusoidally modulated heating at one point on the surface using a focused laser beam and measurement of the phase shift of the thermal wave at some other point. The technique is demonstrated using a model system comprising two stainless steel disks, placed either in direct contact with each other or with thin polyethylene sheets between them. The use of the technique for determining the conductance of delamination cracks in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite is also demonstrated
Sidechain-linked inhibitors of HIV-1 protease dimerization

There is a great need for alternative modes of inhibition for the design of anti-HIV therapies, due to the increased resistance of HIV to currently approved drugs. A novel strategy for generating potent dimerization inhibitors of HIV-1 protease is described based on sidechain-linked interfacial peptides. In a number of cases the activity of these agents against HIV-1 protease was found to be among the most potent reported, with inhibitory constants in the low nM range.
The Economics and Reliability of Multifunction Devices

The widely prevalent assumption that device failure rates are multiplied when two or more functions are incorporated In a single enclosure is examined with respect to actual experience on single-element vs multiple-element electron tubes. The feasibility and economics of multi-element structures are considered in the light of the recent trend toward greater and greater complexity of device combinations. The natural limits to this trend are predicted by extrapolating known factors related to spread of characteristics, random catastrophic failures, and life. Some of the most recent examples of this philosophy are described and discussed in comparison to earlier versions providing similar functional performance.
Collective charge transport in high temperature superconductors

Abstract It is argued that the low energy physics of high temperature superconductors is governed by the scattering of mobile holes from local collective modes consisting of charge stripes and antiphase spin domains, as suggested by the competition between phase separation and the long range Coulomb force. Normal state charge transport is given by a paraconductivity associated with a non standard composite Frohlich-BCS pairing. In the ordered state, the order parameter is s -wave for tetragonal materials but, in other materials, there is a substantial mixing of d -wave via an unusual amplification of local or global asymmetry.
Two-mirror wave-front-dividing interferometer for infrared synchrotron radiation.

We describe what is to our knowledge the first instrument specifically designed for use with infrared synchrotron radiation that takes advantage of the spatial coherence of this radiation. Beam splitting is achieved by wave-front division. We show data taken with the instrument over the wavelength region from 10 to 1000 μm (1-mm wavelengths) and discuss the advantages of this instrument over a conventional one.
PIN: a binary instrumentation tool for computer architecture research and education

Computer architecture embraces a tremendous number of ever-changing inter-connected concepts and information, yet computer architecture education is very often static, seemingly motionless. Computer architecture is commonly taught using simple piecewise methods of explaining how the hardware performs a given task, rather than characterizing the interaction of software and hardware. Visualization tools allow students to interactively explore basic concepts in computer architecture but are limited in their ability to engage students in research and design concepts. Likewise as the development of simulation models such as caches, branch predictors, and pipelines aid student understanding of architecture components, such models have limitations in the workloads that can be examined because of issues with execution time and environment. Overall, to effectively understand modern architectures, it is simply essential to experiment the characteristics of real application workloads. Likewise, understanding program behavior is necessary to effective programming, comprehension of architecture bottlenecks, and hardware design. Computer architecture education must include experience in analyzing program behavior and workload characteristics using effective tools. To explore workload characteristic analysis in computer architecture design, we propose using PIN, a binary instrumentation tool for computer architecture research and education projects.
Ocular and eyelid neoplasia in birds: 15 cases (1982–2011)

Ocular and eyelid lesions are a common finding in birds; however, avian ocular and eyelid neoplasia is seldom reported. The purpose of this study was to record clinical and pathological data from cases of avian ocular neoplasia submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin over a 29-year period. A total of 284 avian ocular pathology cases from 1982 to 2011 were reviewed. Out of those, 15 were diagnosed with nine different ocular tumors (5.2%). Metastatic cancer to the globe was diagnosed in seven cases. Six of the metastatic cancers were diagnosed as lymphoma and one as papillary cystic carcinoma of respiratory epithelial origin, presumably originating in the sinus. Primary tumors were diagnosed in eight cases including three tumors of epithelial origin (undifferentiated carcinoma, multicystic adenoma, and pigmented iridociliary adenoma). A teratoid medulloepithelioma and a ganglioneuroma were presumptively diagnosed. A round cell tumor and squamous cell carcinoma were detected in conjunctival samples, and a teratoma was diagnosed from an episcleral sample.
An integrated framework for effective service and repair in the automotive domain: An application of association mining and case-based-reasoning

In this paper, we propose a novel integrated framework combining association rule mining, case-based-reasoning and text mining that can be used to continuously improve service and repair in an automotive domain. The developed framework enables identification of anomalies in the field that cause customer dissatisfaction and performs root cause investigation of the anomalies. It also facilitates identification of the best practices in the field and learning from these best practices to achieve lean and effective service. Association rule mining is used for the anomaly detection and the root cause investigation, while case-based-reasoning in conjunction with text mining is used to learn from the best practices. The integrated system is implemented in a web based distributed architecture and has been tested on real life data.
The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition with a multifactorial basis. Infectious triggers of CRS have been proposed, but demonstration remains elusive. Evolving research suggests that abnormal host mucosal immune responses, rather than specific pathogens themselves, may underlie the chronic inflammatory state. Despite constant contact with airborne particulates and microorganisms, the sinonasal epithelium maintains mucosal homeostasis through innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that eliminate potential threats. Innate immunity encompasses a broad collection of constitutive and inducible processes that can be nonspecific or pathogen directed. Some innate immune pathways are closely intertwined with tissue growth and repair. The persistent inflammation observed in CRS may result from a pathologic imbalance in innate immune interactions between the host and the environment. Impairment of critical innate immune protection renders the sinonasal mucosal surface susceptible to colonization and potential injury, stimulating the prominent adaptive immune response that characterizes CRS.
Unilateral implantation of a pseudoaccommodating toric intraocular lens in 2 patients after radial keratotomy

We report 2 cases involving patients with a history of radial keratotomy (RK) who presented with astigmatism and a cataract and were successfully treated with implantation of a pseudoaccommodating toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Trulign). The first patient presented with right-eye corrected distance visual acuity and corrected near visual acuity of 20/70 and 20/40, respectively. Following cataract extraction and IOL placement, the manifest refraction was −0.25 +0.50 × 180. At 3 months, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) in the right eye were 20/30 and 20/20, respectively. The second patient presented with UDVA in his left eye of 20/60. After cataract extraction and implantation of the same pseudoaccommodating toric IOL, he experienced 2 months of transient iritis. Three months after surgery, the left-eye UDVA and UNVA were 20/20. Given the known risk for long-term hyperopic shift and diurnal fluctuations following RK, these patients appeared to be ideal candidates for the pseudoaccommodating toric IOL. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The old problems of glass and the glass transition, and the many new twists.

Abstract In this paper I review the ways in which the glassy state is obtained both in nature and in materials science and highlight a "new twist"--the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state. The formation of glass by continuous cooling (viscous slowdown) is then examined, the strong/fragile liquids classification is reviewed, and a new twist-the possibility that the slowdown is a result of an avoided critical point-is noted. The three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. As a further new twist, the conversion of strong liquids to fragile liquids by pressure-induced coordination number increases is demonstrated. It is then shown that, for comparable systems, it is possible to have the same conversion accomplished via a first-order transition within the liquid state during quenching. This occurs in the systems in which "polyamorphism" (polymorphism in the glassy state) is observed, and the whole phenomenology is accounted for by Poole's bond-modified van der Waals model. The sudden loss of some liquid degrees of freedom through such weak first-order transitions is then related to the polyamorphic transition between native and denatured hydrated proteins, since the latter are also glass-forming systems--water-plasticized, hydrogen bond-cross-linked chain polymers (and single molecule glass formers). The circle is closed with a final new twist by noting that a short time scale phenomenon much studied by protein physicists-namely, the onset of a sharp change in d /dT ( is the Debye-Waller factor)--is general for glass-forming liquids, including computer-simulated strong and fragile ionic liquids, and is closely correlated with the experimental glass transition temperature. The latter thus originates in strong anharmonicity in certain components of the vibrational density of states, which permits the system to access the multiple minima of its configuration space. The connection between the anharmonicity in these modes, vibrational localization, the Kauzmann temperature, and the fragility of the liquid is proposed as the key problem in glass science.
Interference effect in elastic parton energy loss in a finite medium

Abstract Similar to the radiative parton energy loss due to gluon bremsstrahlung, elastic energy loss of a parton undergoing multiple scattering in a finite medium is demonstrated to be sensitive to interference effect. The interference between amplitudes of elastic scattering via a gluon exchange and that of gluon radiation reduces the effective elastic energy loss in a finite medium and gives rise to a non-trivial length dependence. The reduction is most significant for a propagation length L 4 / π T in a medium with a temperature T. Though the finite size effect is not significant for the average parton propagation in the most central heavy-ion collisions, it will affect the centrality dependence of its effect on jet quenching.
Identifying Behaviors in Crowd Scenes Using Stability Analysis for Dynamical Systems

A method is proposed for identifying five crowd behaviors (bottlenecks, fountainheads, lanes, arches, and blocking) in visual scenes. In the algorithm, a scene is overlaid by a grid of particles initializing a dynamical system defined by the optical flow. Time integration of the dynamical system provides particle trajectories that represent the motion in the scene; these trajectories are used to locate regions of interest in the scene. Linear approximation of the dynamical system provides behavior classification through the Jacobian matrix; the eigenvalues determine the dynamic stability of points in the flow and each type of stability corresponds to one of the five crowd behaviors. The eigenvalues are only considered in the regions of interest, consistent with the linear approximation and the implicated behaviors. The algorithm is repeated over sequential clips of a video in order to record changes in eigenvalues, which may imply changes in behavior. The method was tested on over 60 crowd and traffic videos.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is cardioprotective in mice by maintaining microvascular integrity and cardiac architecture.

Although the involvement of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in fibrotic diseases is well documented, its role in cardiac fibrosis remains controversial. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a PAI-1 deficiency (PAI-1−/−) on the spontaneous development of cardiac fibrosis. PAI-1−/− mice developed pervasive cardiac fibrosis spontaneously with aging, and these mice displayed progressively distorted cardiac architecture and markedly reduced cardiac function. To mechanistically elucidate the role of PAI-1 in cardiac fibrosis, 12-week-old mice were chosen to study the biologic events leading to fibrosis. Although fibrosis was not observed at this early age, PAI-1−/− hearts presented with enhanced inflammation, along with increased microvascular permeability and hemorrhage. A potent fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), was markedly enhanced in PAI-1−/− heart tissue. Furthermore, the expression levels of several relevant proteases associated with tissue remodeling were significantly enhanced in PAI-1−/− hearts. These results suggest that PAI-1 is cardioprotective, and functions in maintaining normal microvasculature integrity. Microvascular leakage in PAI-1−/− hearts may provoke inflammation, and predispose these mice to cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, a PAI-1 deficiency contributes to the development of cardiac fibrosis by increasing vascular permeability, exacerbating local inflammation, and increasing extracellular matrix remodeling, an environment conducive to accelerated fibrosis.
The role of cerebral cortex in evoked somatosensory activity in cat cerebellum.

Abstract Gross responses were recorded at various cerebellar loci following forepaw electrical stimulation. In chloralose-anesthetized cats responses are large over posterior culmen and adjacent simplex, somewhat reduced in paramedian lobules bilaterally, and considerably smaller in posterior vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Although variable, responses are usually positive-negative and appear to contain components indicated by notches or slope changes in the main wave. Following decerebration, responses in culmen and simplex are greatly reduced and simplified; responses elsewhere are abolished. Similar results follow administration of barbiturates, KCl-induced depression of cerebral cortex, ablation of somatosensory cortex, lesions of dorsal column, medial lemniscus or nucleus ventralis posterolateralis. In addition to “direct afferent pathways” from forepaw to cerebellum, activity travels via the dorsal column-medial lemniscal system to somatosensory cortex and thence to cerebellum and provides a “cortical loop pathway” which acts to enhance the spinocerebellar responses, resulting in increase of response amplitude and duration as well as enlargement of the responsive area. The major route from cortex to cerebellum appears to be via the corticopontocerebellar pathway, and the wide distribution of the forepaw response beyond forelimb area in culmen is presumably due to the wider distribution of this pathway.
Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Gambling

Few attempts have been made to incorporate evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives on gambling. This paper begins with the assumption that gambling represents a risky endeavor undertaken for the purpose of winning stakes. This assumption leads to the derivation from evolutionary theory of two hypotheses concerning the socio-demographic characteristics of gamblers: (1) gambling should be over-represented among males, and (2) among young adults. To test these hypotheses, data are drawn from three sources. A cross-cultural sample of 60 societies reveals that males are more often identified as gamblers than females, and these results do not appear to reflect reporting biases. The data are insufficient to enable conclusions about age patterns associated with gambling within this cross-cultural sample. Nationally representative studies of problem and pathological gamblers drawn from seven nation states show that such gamblers tend to be over-represented by young males, as predicted. Lastly, available demographic data on casino gambling hint at sex differences in the games played and the stakes wagered, but require further research for robust conclusions to be drawn.
Support Group for Latino Caregivers of Dementia Elders: Cultural Humility and Cultural Competence

Support groups for racial/ethnic diverse caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease family members in the Boston Area are scarce, or in the case of Latino caregivers practically nonexistent. The number of Latino family members coping with Alzheimer’s disease is increasing; appropriate services and interventions are needed. This study reports on an intervention for Latino caregivers of elders with Alzheimer’s disease through the development of a support group on the radio. There were four consecutive levels of intervention: (1) the facilitation of a focus group, (2) the development of the radio support group, (3) the distribution of culturally relevant material, (4) the expansion of family network and informal support systems. Ethnographic data were also collected from a longitudinal study conducted between 1995 and 1999. This model of intervention, the radio support group, showed that innovation simultaneously with cultural humility approaches is promising. Overall, caregivers found this information useful, suggesting the need for more cultural humility type of interventions. Cultural humility approaches and a set of culturally relevant services are needed for Latino caregivers and family members to address their needs and help overcome some of the challenges that individuals and families affected by Alzheimer’s disease experience.
Metamodeling in Product and Process Design

As computational capabilities have increased, so too has our ability to apply engineering simulations to problems of ever increasing complexity. Unfortunately, while our desire to apply engineering analysis to problems of increasing complexity; the computational burden of these analysis tools often precludes their direct use on design problems where iteration is the norm. Not only does design entail iteration, the practice of design optimization relies upon iterative methods to arrive at an optimal and or robust design solution. Surrogate models, often called metamodels or models of models, are a common solution to this challenge. Numerous metamodeling techniques are available to the engineering designer. However, all metamodels face common issues in the acquisition of sufficient data to support the metamodel, algorithms to fit the metamodel to the data, and methods to exploit the metamodel for tasks such as design space visualization, analysis and optimization. This paper reviews the state of the art in metamodeling as a tool for product and process design. In addition to reviewing the various types of metamodels in use, discussions of current research issues in data acquisition, modeling the design space and using metamodels in product and process design are discussed. This review is intended to define the foundation for other papers within the conference session.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
New supergravity solutions for branes in AdS 3 × S 3

We find explicit supergravity solutions which describe branes in the AdS_3 x S^3 background. These solutions preserve 8 of the 16 supersymmetries of this background, and are consistent with kappa-symmetry. These represent new 1/2-BPS states of string theory.
Friction dominated exchange in a Florida estuary

Abstract The typically observed gravitational circulation in estuaries with lateral variations in bathymetry consists of a combined distribution of vertically and horizontally sheared flows. The distribution features inflow at depth and outflow at the surface and along the sides. However, theoretical results of density-driven exchange flows dominated by frictional effects display a laterally sheared distribution with inflow occupying the deepest portion of the cross-section and outflow over the shoals. The main purpose of this investigation was to obtain observational evidence in support of theoretical results. A tidal cycle survey was conducted on February 24, 2009, to collect current velocity and hydrographic profile data along a cross-estuary transect. Observations from Hillsborough Bay were compared qualitatively to numerical model and analytical solution results. The observed residual exchange flow pattern compared favorably with the results from a numerical model and an analytical solution that used a condition controlled by friction. The relative importance of friction was explored at tidal and subtidal timescales. Intratidally, frictional influences were observed in the spatial distribution of tidal current amplitude and phase, as well as in potential energy anomaly (stratification) variations. Subtidally, frictional influences were observed through the spatial distributions of tidally averaged stratification, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and eddy viscosity values. The main finding of this study was that relatively weak tidal currents (
New Stability Diagrams of Some Clay Minerals in Aqueous Solution

THERMODYNAMIC stability diagrams of minerals have been used to characterize natural geological systems in equilibrium, or if not in equilibrium, to predict which mineral phase or phases would ultimately become stable in the system.
Sensitivity to 2,4-D in Sunflower as an Indicator of Tolerance to the Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Nine sunflower hybrids were evaluated for their sensitivity to 2,4-dichlo- rophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as measured by the production of ethylene. Sensitivity to 2,4-D was then compared with the degree of field tolerance to the sunflower midge, Contarinia 8chulzi Gagne, exhibited by each hybrid. For the hybrids evaluated, ethylene production increased with 2,4-D concentration and sensitivity to 2,4-D was inversely proportional to midge tolerance. The procedure may be useful in identifying midge tolerant germplasm.
Structure and Conformational Changes in the C-terminal Domain of the β2-Adrenoceptor: INSIGHTS FROM FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER STUDIES

The C terminus of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor (AR) interacts with G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins in an agonist-dependent manner, suggesting that conformational changes induced by ligands in the transmembrane domains are transmitted to the C terminus. We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to examine ligand-induced structural changes in the distance between two positions on the beta(2)-AR C terminus and cysteine 265 (Cys-265) at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane domain 6. The donor fluorophore FlAsH (Fluorescein Arsenical Helix binder) was attached to a CCPGCC motif introduced at position 351-356 in the proximal C terminus or at the distal C terminus. An acceptor fluorophore, Alexa Fluor 568, was attached to Cys-265. FRET analyses revealed that the average distances between Cys-265 and the proximal and distal FlAsH sites were 57 and 62A(,) respectively. These relatively large distances suggest that the C terminus is in an extended, relatively unstructured conformation. Nevertheless, we observed ligand-specific changes in FRET. All ligands induced an increase in FRET between the proximal C-terminal FlAsH site and Cys-265. Ligands that have been shown to induce arrestin-dependent ERK activation, including the catecholamine agonists and the inverse agonist ICI118551, led to a decrease in FRET between the distal FlAsH site and Cys-265, whereas other ligands had no effect or induced a small increase in FRET. Taken together the results provide new insight into the structure of the C terminus of the beta(2)-AR as well as ligand-induced conformational changes that may be relevant to arrestin-dependent regulation and signaling.
Thermal and metal-catalyzed decomposition of methyl linolenate hydroperoxides

Much work has been reported on the volatile oxidative products of fats and their impact on flavor deterioration, cellular damage and the decrease in safety of fatcontaining foods. However, relatively little information is available on the mechanism of hydroperoxide decomposition. Pure methyl linolenate hydroperoxides were decomposed thermally at 150 C and catalytically with ferric chloride-ascorbic acid at room temperature. The volatile decomposition products were collected on porous polymer (Tenax) traps and concentrated by gel permeation chromatography. The total volatile products showed significant differences in composition by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thermal decomposition produced much more methyl octanoate (60.1%) and less 2,4-heptadienal (0.5%) than catalytic decomposition (13.2 and 60.8%, respectively). The volatiles from the ferric chloride-ascorbic acid system also contained unique products tentatively identified by GC-MS as isomers of chloromethyl butene. These results may have important implications in evaluating precursors of flavor deterioration in vegetable oils containing linolenate and in understanding better the biological significance of lipid peroxidation.
RAD18 and associated proteins are immobilized in nuclear foci in human cells entering S-phase with ultraviolet light-induced damage

Proteins required for translesion DNA synthesis localize in nuclear foci of cells with replication-blocking lesions. The dynamics of this process were examined in human cells with fluorescence-based biophysical techniques. Photobleaching recovery and raster image correlation spectroscopy experiments indicated that involvement in the nuclear foci reduced the movement of RAD18 from diffusion-controlled to virtual immobility. Examination of the mobility of REV1 indicated that it is similarly immobilized when it is observed in nuclear foci. Reducing the level of RAD18 greatly reduced the focal accumulation of REV1 and reduced UV mutagenesis to background frequencies. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicated that RAD18 and RAD6A or poleta only transferred resonance energy when these proteins colocalized in damage-induced nuclear foci, indicating a close physical association only within such foci. Our data support a model in which RAD18 within damage-induced nuclear foci is immobilized and is required for recruitment of Y-family DNA polymerases and subsequent mutagenesis. In the absence of damage these proteins are not physically associated within the nucleoplasm.
Die Rolle der polymorphzelligen Leukozyten bei der Schädigung der Lunge durch Endotoxin

In einer isolierten In-vivo-Perfusion des linken Lungenunterlappens des Hundes wurde die Wirkung von 1/4 mg/kg E.-coli-Endotoxin auf den Lungengefaswiderstand, das Lungengewicht, die Leukozytenzahl des Perfusionsblutes und die Ultrastruktur der Lunge, untersucht.
Paper: Synchronization characteristics of controllable oscillators

This paper considers the problem of synchronizing a controllable oscillator with some external frequency and determines the conditions for synchronization. The requirements are determined analytically and the results are applied to several examples in various fields.
Distinct β-Sheet Structure in Protein Aggregates Determined by ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy

Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to study the conformation of aggregated proteins in vivo and in vitro. Several different protein aggregates, including amyloid fibrils from several peptides and polypeptides, inclusion bodies, folding aggregates, soluble oligomers, and protein extracts from stressed cells, were examined in this study. All protein aggregates demonstrate a characteristic new β structure with lower-frequency band positions. All protein aggregates acquire this new β band following the aggregation process involving intermolecular interactions. The β sheets in some proteins arise from regions of the polypeptide that are helical or non β in the native conformation. For a given protein, all types of the aggregates (e.g., inclusion bodies, folding aggregates, and thermal aggregates) showed similar spectra, indicating that they arose from a common partially folded species. All of the aggregates have some nativelike secondary structure and nonperiodic structure as well as the specific new β structure. The new β could be most likely attributed to stronger hydrogen bonds in the intermolecular β-sheet structure present in the protein aggregates.