cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of the weather on the light-trap’s data of the cotton bollworm in Hungary

Introduction The global warming was mentioned more and more in the last years mainly in the extreme hot and dry year: 2003. The mean temperature of the Earth rose 0.6°C in the last 100 years, the number of droughty years with extreme weather conditions increased in the last one and half decade (storms, rainstorms, hails). Not only the weather data, like daily mean temperature but also the number of the drought and hot preferring animals has shown the changing of our climate. The latest insect of this sort is the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hiibner 1808) in Hungary. This pest is spread in North-Africa, in South-Europe and South-Asia and in Australia (Scsegolev, 1951). Its defusing area corresponds to the cotton growth regions. The ecological factors are favourable to the pest in the droughty years in Hungary too. It was detected more than 60 times in our country (Szeoke et al., 1987). The most significant enemy of the cotton bollworm is the cold and rainy weather (Voros, 2004). High ratio of the worms perishes through infection of viruses and bacteria (Aerobacter cloaceae, B. thuringiensis, E. coli, Micrococcus luthens, Ps. fluorescens, Serratia marcescens) (Lipa et al., 1972). The moth can be found in the light-traps with various numbers since 1993 in every year. The warming can be one of the main reason of the pest's permanent presence by us. The winters will be milder, the mean temperature in July is increasing, and the precipitation is decreasing, so the climate will be more and more ideal for the cotton bollworm. The pest can be detected with light-traps and sexferomon-traps too. The butterflies of the second generation fly well to the light (Hoffmann et. al., 2004). In our present study we processed the meteorological and light-trap data of the Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Services of Borsod, Csongrad, Fejer, Komarom-Esztergom and Tolna Counties.
Neurological basis of drug dependence and its effects on the immune system.

Abstract This review summarizes some of the major points discussed by participants in the symposium session on effects of drugs of abuse on both neurologic and immune systems. Speakers in this session are acknowledged experts and biomedical scientists in the rapidly expanding field of studies of abuse drugs on immune responses, especially as related to the effects of increased susceptibility to infections, including opportunistic infections related to AIDS. The important topics specifically discussed in this session included discussion of the neurobiology of addiction in regards to cell biology of the central nervous system and altered physiological and behavioral functions. Using experimental rodent models, description of effects of heroin or cocaine, especially self administration of these drugs, on immune cell deficiency and HPA activation, was reviewed as well as effects on important proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα. A model system concerning acute morphine withdrawal on ex vivo immune responses by murine cells was described in detail, including effects of such withdrawal on splenocyte or macrophage responses to bacterial LPS. The chronic exposure of rodents to a drug such as cocaine or morphine was described in terms of CNS neurochemical alterations as related to immune responsiveness. The effects of the legal drug nicotine, now known to be the addictive substance of cigarette smoke, was discussed in regards to effects on both the neurologic and immunologic system in rodents in terms of antibody formation and T cell function, related to HBA activation and proinflammatory cytokine responses. It is apparent from this session, that studies concerning the impact of drugs of abuse on the brain-immune-axis and relationship to the immune system constitute a rapidly expanding area and warrant further interest of biomedical scientists.
Phase 2 trial of concurrent bevacizumab and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is further up-regulated after transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. The authors of this report conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemoembolization in patients with unresectable HCC. METHODS: Patients who had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance of status 0 to 2, a Child-Pugh score of A or B, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B or C HCC were eligible. Treatment consisted of bevacizumab every 2 weeks and chemoembolization during the third week of a 6-week cycle for up to 3 cycles over 6 months. The primary endpoints were safety and efficacy. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients received chemoembolization and bevacizumab. The most common grade 3 and 4 events after the first treatment cycle were leukocytopenia (12%), fatigue (12%), and hyponatremia (12%). Serious toxicities that had a known association with bevacizumab were observed in 4 patients. Thirty-day mortality was 0%. The median time to tumor progression for the targeted lesions was not reached, and overall survival was 10.8 months. The objective response rate was 60% using enhancement response evaluation criteria, and the disease control rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent treatment with bevacizumab and chemoembolization was safe in carefully selected patients and demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with unresectable HCC. These results support the further development of bevacizumab combined with chemoembolization as a treatment for unresectable HCC. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Effects of nectar concentration and flower depth on flower handling efficiency of bumble bees.

Fluid viscosity only affected ingestion rates of bumble bees (Bombus) for solutions greater than 35–40% sucrose (mass of solute per mass of solution). This contrasts with previously published models based on fluid dynamics which predicted continuous depression of ingestion rates with increasing viscosity. Individual bees maintained constant lapping rates regardless of sucrose concentration (up to at least 70%). The decline in ingestion rates at higher concentrations apparently resulted from the tongue not contacting liquid long enough to become saturated due to reduced capillary flow. Increasing flower depth similarly decreased the volume of liquid ingested per lap, and did not affect lapping rate. Morphologically dissimilar bees drank at different rates because glossa length affects lapping rate and volume ingested per lap, and body mass affects lapping rate. An additional species-specific component to lapping rate also influenced ingestion rates. Deviations from a regression model derived to explain ingestion rates as a function of glossa length, body mass, flower depth and liquid viscosity suggest mechanistic and behavioralaspects to flower probing time. Because of the relation between ingestion rate and liquid viscosity, the sucrose concentration maximizing a bee's rate of net energy uptake should lie between 50–65%, depending primarily on specific conditions of nectar volume, inflorescence size and flight time between inflorescences.
Psychoanalysis in groups: The role of values

T HE GROWING awareness that the analyst, too, is human and the increasing emphasis on his personality, his values, and his strengths and weaknesses, are characteristic of the recent period in the history of psychoanalysis. The re was a time when the therapist was not supposed to have or to express values, when the emergence of values in therapy was viewed as anti-therapeutic. In itself, such an at t i tude is a reflection of values. As we see it, all people, including patients and analysts, have values. Part of our task is to make explicit the values which often remain implicit. We are presenting a philosophic paper based on clinical experience. We are raising a large number of questions about which we have done some thinking. What do we mean by values? A value is that which is good. T h e word good is synonymous with values. By good is meant ethical. So when we say values, we are speaking about what we believe is good. In psychologic terms, values are long-range attitudes, convictions, wishes, hopes, dreams, faith. Th ey are what we hold near and dear and good. These are values; the principles we live and die for, so to speak. Values, then, lie largely in the realm of ethics and ethical behavior. T h e y have to do with attitudes, motivations, and convictions, with real and fancied choices. T h e y are primarily social in scope and application. Th e i r sphere lies in all human conduct in which significant alternatives are available. A choice must exist, and we choose one mode of behavior as better when compared with another. Values are always hierarchically integrated; that is, they are related in terms of a greater or lesser degree of desirability. Wi thout choice there is no value judgment. What determines one's choice is the sense of values. This is what we mean by values. Some therapists, for example, hold as good what we would hold as bad; and we hold as good what others do not believe is valuable. Some do not believe that the very fact that you are part of a group is good. Th ey think that being
Maximum likelihood estimation of spectra information from multiple independent cosmic ray data sets

Abstract A procedure based on the method of maximum likelihood (ML) is developed to allow an arbitrary number of cosmic ray data sets produced by different instruments with different energy ranges and resolutions to be used together in the analysis of the spectra. Application of this approach will facilitate the interpretation of energy spectra data from multiple science missions and thereby provide more accurate spectral parameter estimates based on the combination of data sets. The benefits of this technique are measured in terms of the reduction of the statistical errors (standard deviations) and biases of the spectra information using the multiple data sets in concert as compared to the statistical errors of the spectra information when the data sets are considered separately. The Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) is derived for multiple independent data sets and provides the fundamental limit to the precision of spectral parameter determination from the combination of cosmic ray data sets. The CRB is used to quantify the efficiency of the derived procedure and also provides a stopping rule in the search for the best unbiased methodology for quantifying the parameters from the data sets. Application of the ML procedure is demonstrated on two simulated data sets acting singly and then together in the estimation of the three broken power law spectral parameters, along with the numerical details required for its successful implementation in practice. Examples of several detector systematic errors and their impact on the efforts to measure the spectra are also investigated.
Transnational Relationships: The Struggle to Communicate Across Borders

In transnational contexts, and particularly in situations where people have physically migrated across international borders and may be separated by other barriers as well, communication cannot be presumed and should be problematized. To date, however, research focusing on transnational migration has emphasized the kinds of ties people maintain despite corporal separation, such as negotiating transnational households and community associations and conducting business ventures and political movements. How people accomplish these tasks across borders has been less developed in the literature, although authors do acknowledge that modern telecommunications technologies have facilitated communication, particularly in comparison to the tools available to earlier generations of migrants. In contrast, this paper focuses on the ways migrants from a very rural area of El Salvador communicate across borders, identifying the roles that gender and power play, with particular attention to the dynamics between spouses.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of rice bran

Extraction of rice bran lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was performed. To investigate the pressure effect on extraction yield, two isobaric conditions, 7000 and 9000 psi, were selected. A Soxhlet extraction with hexane (modified AOCS method Aa 4–38; 4 h at 69°C) was also conducted and used as the comparison basis. Rice bran with a moisture content of 6%, 90% passable through a sieve with 0.297 mm opening, was used for extraction. A maximum rice bran oil (RBO) yield of 20.5%, which represents 99+% lipid recovery, was obtained with hexane. RBO yield with SC-CO2 ranged between 19.2 and 20.4%. RBO yield increased with temperature at isobaric conditions. At the 80°C isotherm, an increase in RBO yield was obtained with an increase in pressure. The pressure effect may be attributed to the increase in SC-CO2 density, which is closely related to the value of the Hildebrand solubility parameter. RBO extracted with SC-CO2 had a far superior color quality when compared with hexane-extracted RBO. The level of sterols in SC-CO2-extracted RBO increased with pressure and temperature.
Nucleosynthesis versus the mirror universe

Abstract A mirror universe consisting of particles and forces isomorphic to ordinary particles and forces would couple to our universe only through gravity. Hypothetical particles displaying both types of forces would forge an additional link between the two universes. Due to radiative corrections, mirror particles would carry conventional charges of order ϵe {10−3−10−6. This seems to offer a possible explanation of the anomalous observed value for the positronium decay rate [3]. However, ϵ
Facies and Paleogeography of Middle Silurian Bisher and Lilley Formations, Adams County, Ohio: ABSTRACT

Six facies are recognized in the conformable Bisher and Lilley Formations of south-central Ohio. Areal distribution of microfacies indicates biohermal accumulation of the Lilley Formation, suggests new paleogeographic interpretation of the formations, and may explain morphologic differences among some Silurian reefs. The Bisher Formation is subdivided by bedding and silicification. Isopachous mapping indicates that the lower Bisher was deposited as a carbonate sand blanket which was covered by north-northeast-trending upper Bisher silty carbonate sediment ridges. Intervening troughs received finer grained sediments and were populated by a moderately diverse fauna. Highly diverse faunas of the Lilley Formation occur in bioclastic, biohermal, and biostromal facies which are subdivided by bedding, grain composition, and apparent transport of grains. Isopachous and lithofacies maps display a distinct relationship between Lilley and Bisher facies distributions. Bioclastic Lilley facies fill Bisher troughs, biohermal facies overlie Bisher ridges, and biostromal facies blanket the filled troughs and populated ridges. The Bisher and Lilley Formations represent part of a Silurian regressive sequence on the northeast margin of the Cincinnati arch. As easterly derived clastic input decreased, Lilley fauna populated Bisher ridges. Rate of drop in sea level nearly equaled rate of subsidence in the area. Circulation was curtailed by basin infilling and shallowing seas in late Lilley time. These new conditions favored the relatively restricted fauna and lithologies of the conformably superjacent Peebles formation, a massive dolomite of Middle Silurian age. End_of_Article - Last_Page 486------------
Isolation of Balamuthia amebas from the environment.

Investigation into the recent death of a young California child from amebic encephalitis revealed antibodies in the serum and amebas from brain specimens identified as Balamuthia mandrillaris [1]. Amebas of this group had been isolated from a mandrill baboon at the San Diego Wildlife Park [6]. At first classified as leptomyxid amebas because of their size and morphology, their pathogenicity, growth at elevated temperature, and live cells as food source were sufficient to designate these as separate organisms; they were given the name of Balamuthia mandrillaris in honor of the late Dr. William Balamuth [7]. These amebas have been found in some 90 human cases of encephalitis. The cases have occurred worldwide and antibodies to them can be identified in the serum [4]. Earlier attempts to recover the amebas from environmental samples that may have been implicated in the encephalitis cases had not been successful; nevertheless, a group of 18 soil and water samples from the home and play areas of the California child were collected. From one of them, amebas identified as Balamuthia (RP-5) were recovered [3]. A second group of soil samples was collected from a separate location unrelated to any known disease. From these, another ameba (OK-1) was isolated and when compared with the known amebas, it, too, is a Balamuthia ameba. The isolation of these two soil amebas and their comparison to the ameba (SAm) from the California child is presented here.
“There Is Abuse Everywhere”: Migrant Nonprofit Organizations and the Problem of Precarious Work

Migrant-serving nonprofit organizations negotiate some of the most intractable economic, social, and political problems in the United States. In the realm of economic development, nonprofit organiz...
Influence of collateral water drinking on bar pressing under complex reinforcement contingencies

Rats were run on 2-link chained schedules. The first link was always FI 2 min.; the second link was either FR 10; DRL 10 sec.; or Concurrent FR 10 DRL 10 sec. All responding was on a single bar. Responding in the first link was reinforced by onset of the second-link stimulus, and in the second link by 45 mg Noyes food pellets. When the ad lib water bottle was removed from the chamber, rats on Chain FI FR or Chain FI DRL showed an increase in FI bar presses but no change in second-link behavior; rats on Chain FI Concurrent FR DRL showed the major change in the second link; DRL behavior was almost wholly replaced by FR behavior.
A Visual Approach to Improved Literacy Skills for Special Education Adolescents: An Exploratory Study

Abstract Seventy adolescents attending a special education secondary school and categorized into three IQ groupings participated in a visual literacy approach to writing and reading development. Dependent measures included narrative and descriptive writing samples and Metropolitan Achievement Testreading comprehension scores obtained at the beginning and end of the school year. Learning disabled students (IQ >90) significantly improved in reading comprehension and in narrative and descriptive writing (p .05); students with IQ <70 scored at significantly higher level (p< .05) on post‐test narrative compositions transcribed verbatim by their teachers. Finally, multiple regression analysis revealed that Verbal and Performance IQ or gender did not significantly influence post‐treatment na...
Dopamine Neurons Control Striatal Cholinergic Neurons via Regionally Heterogeneous Dopamine and Glutamate Signaling

Midbrain dopamine neurons fire in bursts conveying salient information. Bursts are associated with pauses in tonic firing of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Although the reciprocal balance of dopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum is well known, how dopamine neurons control cholinergic neurons has not been elucidated. Here, we show that dopamine neurons make direct fast dopaminergic and glutamatergic connections with cholinergic interneurons, with regional heterogeneity. Dopamine neurons drive a burst-pause firing sequence in cholinergic interneurons in the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, mixed actions in the accumbens core, and a pause in the dorsal striatum. This heterogeneity is due mainly to regional variation in dopamine-neuron glutamate cotransmission. A single dose of amphetamine attenuates dopamine neuron connections to cholinergic interneurons with dose-dependent regional specificity. Overall, the present data indicate that dopamine neurons control striatal circuit function via discrete, plastic connections with cholinergic interneurons.
Differential renal tumor response to N-ethylnitrosourea and dimethylnitrosamine in the Nb rat: basis for a new rodent model of nephroblastoma

Previous studies have indicated that the Nb rat has a higher predisposition to the spontaneous development of nephroblastoma than most other strains of laboratory rat. In order to determine whether this inherent susceptibility could be exploited as a model for Wilms' tumor, Nb rats were treated with various chemicals in regimens known to be associated with renal tumor induction in the young rat. Nb rats were either exposed in utero to various dose levels of N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on day 18 +/- 1 of gestation, injected s.c. with one 25 mg/kg dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) as neonates or dosed twice orally with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) shortly after ovariectomy. Transplancental ENU at a dose of 60 mg/kg resulted in an average of 50% frequency of unequivocal nephroblastomas in both sexes with no renal mesenchymal tumors. In contrast, DMN administered to neonates produced a similar incidence of renal mesenchymal tumors but no nephroblastomas. DMBA in the ovariectomized female was not a successful strategy for inducing primary renal tumors in the Nb rat (0 nephroblastomas, 1 renal mesenchymal tumor in 16 effective survivors), although the kidney was sometimes the site for metastatic invasion by tumors originating at other locations. The induction of nephroblastomas and renal mesenchymal tumors by ENU and DMN in parallel experiments emphasized the many differences which establish them as distinct and unrelated tumor entities. The relatively high incidence of nephroblastoma in the Nb rat using transplacentally administered ENU appears to represent a suitable basis for developing a rodent model of human nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor.
Models of Competitive Television Ratings

In a time series analysis of prime time network television viewing data a weekly trigonometric regression model is used to predict the total network viewing for specific times on specific days of t...
Bed Height Effects on Fluidized Bed Hydrodynamics

Characterizing the hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed is of vital importance to understand the behavior of these multiphase flow systems. Minimum fluidization velocity and gas holdup are two important factors used to understand the hydrodynamics of a fluidized bed. Experimental studies on the effects of bed height on the minimum fluidization velocity and gas holdup were carried out using a 10.2 cm diameter cylindrical fluidized bed filled with 500–600 μm glass beads. In this study, four different bed height-to-diameter ratios were used: H/D = 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2. Minimum fluidization velocity was determined for each H/D ratio using pressure drop measurements. Local time-average gas holdup was determined using non-invasive X-ray computed tomography imaging. Results show that minimum fluidization velocity is not affected by the change in bed height, while local gas holdup does appear to be affected by the change in bed height.© 2010 ASME
A mathematical model of drift deposition from a bifurcated cooling tower plume

Abstract Cooling tower drift deposition modeling has been extended by including the centrifugal force induced by plume bifurcation as a mechanism for droplet removal from the plume. The model is capable of predicting the trajectory of a single droplet from the stage of strong interaction with the vortex field soon after droplet emission at the tower top through the stage of droplet evaporation after breakaway from the plume. Applications showed the droplet to follow a helical trajectory within the plume, with breakaway and ground impact depending upon plume rise, ambient wind, evaporation and vortex strength .
Reconstruction of vibro-acoustic fields using hybrid nearfield acoustic holography

Hybrid nearfield acoustical holography is utilized to reconstruct the vibro-acoustic fields generated by an arbitrary structure vibrating in an unbounded fluid medium. This hybrid NAH is based on the modified Helmholtz equation least-squares method that expresses the field acoustic pressure in terms of expansions of outgoing and incoming waves. The expansion coefficients are determined by solving an over-determined linear system of equations obtained by matching the assumed-form solution to a finite number of acoustic pressures measured in the field via least squares. The measurements are taken over a conformal surface around the source at close range so that the evanescent waves can be captured. Once the expansion coefficients are specified, enough field acoustic pressures are regenerated on a conformal surface around the source and are taken as input to the Helmholtz integral formulation implemented numerically by the boundary element method. The acoustic pressure and normal velocity on the source surface are reconstructed using singular value decomposition, modified Tikhonov regularization and generalized cross-validation method. This hybrid NAH enables one to obtain a satisfactory reconstruction cost effectively because the majority of the input data are calculated but not measured. Numerical examples of reconstructing the vibro-acoustic quantities on the surfaces of an engine block and a highly elongated cylinder are demonstrated.
Titanotheres from the Titus Canyon Formation, California.

The Titus Canyon formation of Oligocene age, occurring in the Death Valley region of California, was described in a recent paper by Stock and Bode.(1) Brief mention was made at that time of the fossil mammals found in this formation. Among these, the titanotheres were the first to be discovered and moreover are known by the best preserved material. These types possess special interest because of their relationships. They likewise record for the first time the presence of titanotheres in the lower Tertiary of the Great Basin Province. It should be recalled in this connection that titanotheres have been described recently from the Sespe uppermost Eocene of southern California.(2)
Supervision of Counselors Working with Eating Disorders: Utilizing the Integrated Developmental Model

Clients with eating disorders pose unique challenges for mental health professionals. Thus, it is important for supervisors to have a framework to utilize throughout their supervision of counselors working with clients with eating disorders. The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) provides a developmental framework for addressing challenges and simultaneously ensuring supervisees' professional development. The purpose of this article is to utilize the IDM of supervision to examine and address significant issues related to supervising counselors working with eating disorders. Application of the framework is emphasized throughout the article.
Impaired induction of allergic lung inflammation by Alternaria alternata mutant MAPK homologue Fus3

The fungal allergen Alternaria alternata is associated with development of asthma, though the mechanisms underlying the allergenicity of Alternaria are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify whether the MAP kinase homologue Fus3 of Alternaria contributed to allergic airway responses. Wild-type (WT) and Fus3 deficient Alternaria extracts were given intranasal to mice. Extracts from Fus3 deficient Alternaria that had a functional copy of Fus3 introduced were also administered (CpFus3). Mice were challenged once and levels of BAL eosinophils and innate cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoeitin (TSLP), and IL-25 (IL-17E) were assessed. Alternaria extracts or protease-inhibited extract were administered with (OVA) during sensitization prior to ovalbumin only challenges to determine extract adjuvant activity. Levels of BAL inflammatory cells, Th2 cytokines, and OX40-expressing Th2 cells as well as airway infiltration and mucus production were measured. WT Alternaria induced innate airway eosinophilia within 3 days. Mice given Fus3 deficient Alternaria were significantly impaired in developing airway eosinophilia that was largely restored by CpFus3. Further, BAL IL-33, TSLP, and Eotaxin-1 levels were reduced after challenge with Fus3 mutant extract compared with WT and CpFus3 extracts. WT and CpFus3 extracts demonstrated strong adjuvant activity in vivo as levels of BAL eosinophils, Th2 cytokines, and OX40-expressing Th2 cells as well as peribronchial inflammation and mucus production were induced. In contrast, the adjuvant activity of Fus3 extract or protease-inhibited WT extract was largely impaired. Finally, protease activity and Alt a1 levels were reduced in Fus3 mutant extract. Thus, Fus3 contributes to the Th2-sensitizing properties of Alternaria.
An N-Linked Carbohydrate-Containing Extracellular Matrix Determinant Plays a Key Role in Sea Urchin Gastrulation

During the process of gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo, the vegetal plate invaginates to form the archenteron, a long narrow tube that extends across the blastocoel. Rearrangement of cells within the archenteron is thought to be a key component of the process of archenteron elongation. While these cell rearrangements have been well described, the mechanism of the rearrangements and the coordination of the movements of individual cells that results in the elongation of the archenteron are not well understood. We have identified a monoclonal antibody, called ECM 1, that recognizes an N-linked carbohydrate-containing epitope on several high-molecular-weight basal lamina glycoproteins. In an attempt to block the function of this determinant in development, the ECM 1 antibody was injected into the blastocoel of living embryos and the effects on morphogenesis were determined. Injection of intact ECM 1 IgG or monovalent Fab fragments blocks cell rearrangements during secondary invagination and cell movements during segmentation of the gut. Glycopeptides derived from the glycoproteins recognized by ECM 1 also inhibit cell rearrangements during secondary invagination when injected into the blastocoel. The inhibitory activity of these peptides is eliminated by digestion with N-glycosidase F or pronase, enzymes that also disrupt the ECM 1 determinant. ECM 1 recognizes a nonuniformly distributed determinant in the basal lamina and blastocoel matrix. This determinant is stored in cytoplasmic granules in the unfertilized egg and is deposited into the basal lamina by the blastula stage. The determinant becomes concentrated in the basal lamina in the vegetal region of the embryo early in gastrulation. At the prism stage, the determinant accumulates in the basal lamina and blastocoel matrix in the ventral region of the embryo. These data indicate that the vegetally localized, N-linked carbohydrate-containing determinant recognized by ECM 1 plays an important role in cell movements during archenteron morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo.
Multiple interpretations: Implications of FRBR as a boundary object

IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is a model of the bibliographic universe. Any brief, critical review of the FRBR literature quickly shows that there is no clear consensus on the nature of the FRBR Group 1 entities. This situation becomes more complicated when one looks at theoretical attempts to operationalize FRBR by researchers and practitioners with different motivations and experience: each has its own flavor. Given the recognition that these different understandings are unlikely to be unified or reconciled, this paper performs an exploratory analysis of FRBR using technological frames and boundary objects as theoretical lenses to reveal implications for future research and practice.
Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of surface species

Abstract We have been able to demonstrate progress in Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) by incorporating a switching circuit into the data acquisition electronics of an air-equilibrated IBM IR/98 FTIR Spectrometer such that it is possible to obtain simultaneously both reference and polarization modulated spectrum. These spectra ratio to produce good discrimination against gas-phase species. The operating principles of this approach and sample FT-IRRAS spectra of monolayer assemblies of cadmium arachidate adsorbed on silver will be discussed.
The role of contour and location mechanisms in the Mueller-Lyer illusion

Ss judged two Mueller-Lyer configurations composed of solid and broken contours. The results suggest that there are strong positive and weak negative illusions produced by location and contour mechanisms, respectively. The method of adjustment is not appropriate for broken contours because it introduces motion errors. Within-sets methods are once again shown to be superior to more traditional between-sets methods.
The first derivative of the carotid displacement pulse.

The amplitude and time relationships of the carotid derivative in normal individuals and unselected cardiac patients is investigated together with the effects of different contraction strengths in patients with pulsus alternans and subjects challenged with isoproterenol and propranolol. Data regarding the relationship between the preejection period (PEP) and the ratio of peak to total amplitude of the carotid displacement pulse derivative are presented. It is found that cardiac abnormality tends to reduce the rate of rise of the carotid displacement pulse. The results obtained show that the PEP is a somewhat more sensitive index of the changes studied than the carotid displacement derivative.
Extended left hepatectomy (left hepatic trisegmentectomy) in childhood

Abstract Background/Purpose: Extended left hepatectomy, also referred to as left hepatic trisegmentectomy, in which segments II, III, IV, V, and VIII are excised, is rarely performed in children. Experience with 7 such resections is reported to describe the anatomy, technique, indications, and outcomes of the operation. Methods: The medical records of all pediatric patients treated at our institution over the last 15 years who underwent extended left hepatectomy were reviewed. Demographic information as well as operative, pathological, and follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Seven patients underwent extended left hepatectomy over this period. There were 5 boys and 2 girls ranging in age between 4 months and 9 years with a median age of 3.1 years. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 5 years with a median of 3.5 years. Diagnoses included hepatoblastoma (HB, n=3), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH, n=1), leiomyosarcoma (LMS, n=1), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n=1), and metastatic neuroblastoma (NB, n=1). All surgical margins were grossly negative. Median operative blood loss was 13 mL/kg (range, 5 to 32 mL/kg), and mean hospital stay was 9 days (range, 7 to 12 days). No major intra- or postoperative complications were encountered, and there was no perioperative mortality. The 3 HB patients, 1 FNH patient, 1 LMS patient, and 1 NB patient are without evidence of disease, whereas the 1 child with HCC died of recurrent and distant disease. The 6 surviving children have normal hepatic function. Conclusion: Although technically challenging and rarely performed, extended resection of the left hepatic lobe is feasible in children and can yield curative results with minimal morbidity. J Pediatr Surg 35:303-308. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Milk-of-calcium calculi in Müllerian duct cyst

Abstract A unique instance of milk-of-calcium calculi occurring in a miillerian duct cyst is presented.
Adolescent depression: a metasynthesis.

Abstract Concerns about the adequate assessment and treatment of adolescent depression have been in the forefront of pediatric mental health literature in the recent past. While quantitative studies have provided valuable information, the voice of the adolescent has been lacking in the development of theory and treatment of this prevalent disorder. Using Noblit and Hare’s 1988 approach, a metasynthesis of six qualitative studies was conducted. This process revealed six themes that outline the course of adolescents who struggle with depression: (a) beyond the blues, (b) spiraling down and within, (c) breaking points, (d) seeing and being seen, (e) seeking solutions, and (f) taking control. Knowledge of the experience of adolescent depression will aid practitioners in recognition and early intervention for the increasing number of adolescents suffering with depression, as well as guide educational initiatives to provide needed information on the symptoms of depression and available resources for getting help.
Effect of collagen and acid polysaccharides on the growth of BHK-21 cells in semi-solid media.

PLATING of individual cells in semi-solid media based on bacteriological agar is a common means of assaying the “transforming” activity of potential cancer-inducing agents1. Transformation is associated with an increased ability to form three dimensional colonies in agar: it often results from the treatment of mammalian cells with viruses2,3 or chemical carcinogens4. With other cells, large numbers have to be plated before even a few colonies appear. Moreover, many of the colony-forming cells turn out to be “mutants” or “spontaneous” transformants, not capable of indefinite propagation in agar medium5. Although the actual frequency with which such colonies appear may vary greatly (in the range 10−6 to 10−4), it is generally true that transformation results in much greater colony-forming ability relative to the parental cells.
Laser Electron Accelerator

An intense electromagnetic pulse can create a weak of plasma oscillations through the action of the nonlinear ponderomotive force. Electrons trapped in the wake can be accelerated to high energy. Existing glass lasers of power density ${10}^{18}$W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ shone on plasmas of densities ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ can yield gigaelectronvolts of electron energy per centimeter of acceleration distance. This acceleration mechanism is demonstrated through computer simulation. Applications to accelerators and pulsers are examined.
Source-receptor relations from nonlinear atmospheric models

Abstract Source-receptor relations have been calculated from a nonlinear-chemistry atmospheric model using an auxiliary equation approach similar in form to methods used for sensitivity analysis. The chemicaltransport equations are solved first in the usual fashion without distinguishing between emissions from different sources. Calculated concentrations are used subsequently in a second set of equations which treat only the transport and chemical transformation of the pollutants for which source resolved information is desired. Numerical integration of these equations is facilitated by the presence of common factors and by linearity. The calculation of source-receptor relations for sulfur and nitrogen pollutants is illustrated using a one-dimensional Lagrangian photochemical model. The auxiliary equation approach applies equally well to higher dimension models where there is a greater need for computationally efficient procedures.
In support of computer science teachers and the CSTA

A number of recent articles and comments have discussed the imbalance between enrollment and opportunities in computer science and the under-enrollments by minorities and women. An ongoing thread in Peter Denning's Communications columns and elsewhere concerns the identity of the discipline to which we belong. As the national representative from universities to the board of the Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA), I continually see the question of the identity of our discipline both within and external to our field.The identity of computer science is nowhere more important to the discipline of computer science than in the K--12 school system. We can instruct our own students in the nature of the discipline, but those we so instruct will only be those who first choose to come to us. If we want more students, and if we want to be understood for what we are, we must clarify the message about computer science that all students will receive as part of their K--12 education.Even if one does not believe that "computer science" should be taught in the K--12 system (and I know there are those who hold that opinion), it is nonetheless necessary for us to be involved in defining for the schools that which is called "computer science." There will be courses in Photoshop, Web design, office tools, A+ certification, networking, and such, and there will be (a smaller number of) courses in Visual Basic, C++, or even Java. The simple fact is that these courses will exist in the schools, and there is nothing fundamentally wrong with that. What is a problem is for students to be misled into thinking that these are all indistinguishable and all equally describable as "computer science." The burden rests with us in the discipline to educate those who administer the schools and to urge the adoption by the schools of a relevant curriculum that meets the needs of the K--12 system but that is computer science as seen by computer scientists.There are efforts in this direction, and we should be giving them active support. The CSTA has a model curriculum for high school and is developing curricula for the lower grades. CSTA and ACM have sponsored, with NSF funding, a "leadership cohort" of teachers in all the states as a way to bootstrap a network of teachers who can, among other things, speak as a group with a coherent voice about policy. And the ACM Education Policy Committee provides a voice from ACM in which all of us in the discipline have a stake. We have come more recently to this than, say, biology or mathematics, but the machinery now exists for computing practitioners and teachers to speak to those whose administrative decisions outside our discipline have a major impact on us. A Communications Viewpoints contribution by Wilson and Harsha (September 2009) provides a summary of status and progress.
Augmented Hummelsheim procedure to treat complete abducens nerve palsy

Background Horizontal strabismus due to a weak rectus muscle can be treated with an augmented Hummelsheim procedure, in which both vertical rectus muscle tendons are split, resected by 4 mm, and reattached to the sclera adjacent to the weak rectus muscle. Compared with vertical rectus transposition, the procedure spares two ciliary vessels and does not require placement of augmentation sutures. In this study, we evaluated binocular alignment and ocular motility in patients with abducens nerve palsy treated with an augmented Hummelsheim procedure. Methods The medical records of consecutive patients with complete abducens nerve palsy who underwent the augmented Hummelsheim procedure, usually combined with medial rectus muscle recession, were retrospectively reviewed. Binocular alignment, ocular motility, and complications were analyzed. Results Ten patients (age range, 12-57 years) met inclusion criteria for the study, of whom 9 of 10 had simultaneous medial rectus recession. Follow-up ranged from 1 week to 24 months. The augmented Hummelsheim procedure improved esotropia from 43 Δ ± 5 Δ preoperatively to 6 Δ ± 7 Δ postoperatively ( P P Conclusions The augmented Hummelsheim procedure combined with medial rectus muscle recession reduced mean primary position esotropia and improved abduction in patients with complete abducens nerve palsy.
The endoscopic transilluminator: an endoscopic device for identification of the proximal jejunum for transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.

Background Localization of the proximal jejunum is important for creation of gastrojejunal anastomosis to palliate gastric outlet obstruction or for treatment of obesity with gastric bypass. Objective To facilitate identification of the proximal jejunum during transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with the use of an endoscopic transilluminator (ET). Design and Setting Acute experiments in a live porcine model. Interventions The ET is a 3500-mm long, 6F radio-opaque tube with a fiberoptic core that lights up at its distal end. When situated in the intestinal lumen, it transilluminates the bowel wall. With the animal under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, a colonoscope was advanced to the proximal jejunum. A plastic tube (3500-mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter) was passed through the biopsy channel and placed into the small bowel. The colonoscope was withdrawn, leaving the tube in place. The ET was introduced into the jejunum through the tube. A gastric wall incision was made and the endoscope was advanced to the peritoneal cavity. The transilluminated loop of the proximal jejunum was identified and gastrojejunal anastomosis was made by use of a previously reported endoscopic technique. Main Outcome Measurements Identification of the proximal jejunum. Results Eleven pigs (average weight 55 kg) had ET placement. In all of the pigs, placement of the ET was performed easily to the proximal small bowel, and the proximal jejunum was successfully localized by either direct visualization of the transilluminated loop only or with the aid of fluoroscopy. The tip of the ET was usually located about 50 to 70 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. There were no complications related to the use of ET. Limitations The device has not yet been evaluated in humans. Conclusions The ET is a safe instrument and can be used to identify the proximal jejunum to facilitate endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.
A license to digitally print money

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implications of the proposed Google Books Settlement for libraries, readers, researchers, authors and publishers.Design/methodology/approach – The broad effects of the settlement for all categories of users are discussed.Findings – There appears to be much to like about the proposed settlement for all parties, but there are still a number of concerns for libraries regarding preservation, intellectual freedom, pricing and copyright.Originality/value – The paper provides an overview of a complex subject that all in the information world must confront.
Russian non-distinctive voicing: A stocktaking

Discussion sur les regles du voisement non-distinctif des obstruantes en russe enoncees par Jakobson. Ces regles, selon les chercheurs, ne correspondent pas exactement a la prononciation standard du russe contemporain. L'A. procede a un examen complet des conditions du voisement distinctif et non-distinctif des obstruantes en prenant en compte des elements environnants tels que position phonetique, place de l'accent, abreviations, mots composes ou frontieres de mot.
Structure and function of cytochromes P450: a comparative analysis of three crystal structures.

Abstract Background: Cytochromes P450 catalyze the oxidation of a variety of hydrophobic substrates. Sequence identities between P450 families are generally low (10–30%), and consequently, the structure–function correlations among P450s are not clear. The crystal structures of P450 terp and the hemoprotein domain of P450 BM-3 were recently determined, and are compared here with the previously available structure of P450 cam . Results The topology of all three enzymes is quite similar. The heme-binding core structure is well conserved, except for local differences in the I helices. The greatest variation is observed in the substrate-binding regions. The structural superposition of the proteins permits an improved sequence alignment of other P450s. The charge distribution in the three structures is similarly asymmetric and defines a molecular dipole. Conclusion Based on this comparison we believe that all P450s will be found to possess the same tertiary structure. The ability to precisely predict other P450 substrate-contact residues is limited by the extreme structural heterogeneity in the substrate-recognition regions. The central I-helix structures of P450 terp and P450 BM-3 suggest a role for helix-associated solvent molecules as a source of catalytic protons, distinct from the mechanism for P450 cam . We suggest that the P450 molecular dipole might aid in both redox-partner docking and proton recruitment for catalysis.
The constitution as “summational anecdote”

The author suggests that the god‐term “power,” and the repositories of power, are contained in the Constitution.