cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Historical Overview of Eating Disorders in Males

Historically, eating disorders (EDs) among males have been perceived as rare and atypical, which has resulted in the systematic exclusion and underrepresentation of males in ED research. This underrepresentation has profoundly impacted clinical practice with male patients, since diagnostic criteria, symptom measures, and treatment approaches were developed in exclusively female populations. This chapter review provides an overview of the history of male EDs and synthesizes current epidemiological evidence relating to the prevalence and characteristics of male presentations. It is suggested that the need to advance research relating to the treatment of EDs in males is critically needed.
Tourette Syndrome and Driving.

Background Driving ability may be impaired in patients with various movement disorders, but it has not been studied in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). Cases We describe a series of 6 patients from our large cohort of TS patients followed in our movement disorders clinic in whom severe tics have had interfered with their driving abilities. The motor tics involved facial muscles and caused visual impairment because of frequent blinking and transient blepharospasm (dystonic tic), but complex limb and truncal tics also seriously impacted their driving. Conclusions Although majority of patients with TS have no functional impairment, severe motor tics in some patients may adversely affect their driving ability, potentially causing danger to themselves and others. Screening for such troublesome tics should be considered in patients with TS, particularly in teenagers who are being evaluated for driver's licensing.
Association between allostatic load, symptom burden and mortality in E1A11 trial for myeloma.

12102Background: Allostatic load (AL) conceptualizes the effects of chronic psychosocial adversity on physiologic dysregulation. To date, studies have shown an association between elevated AL and h...
Information and Communication Technology Training Needs for Agricultural Extension Workers in Delta State, Nigeria

The study investigated the training needs of agricultural extension workers on the use of information and communication technology (ICT). Some specific objectives were to ascertain the level of awareness on channels of information on ICT available to extension workers and to identify the constraints facing agricultural extension workers on the use of ICT in Delta State. A sample size of 80 was obtained; first, purposive and second, random sampling techniques. Information was gathered with a semi-structured questionnaire. Major results obtained revealed that the respondents’ awareness of information channels on ICT were mostly telephone (96.3%), photo camera (95.0%) and radio (93.9%). In the competence of ICT utilization, telephone with on-line forum (group chat) (mean = 3.6), and laptop (mean = 3.3) were most applicable. However, low competence in usage was recorded in video conferencing (mean = 2.0), and GPS (mean = 1.7). The most serious constraints were frequent power failure (mean = 3.7), high cost of ICT infrastructure coupled with poor communication network (mean = 3.6) in the rural areas of Delta State. Result of tested hypothesis showed that there was a significant relationship between social economic profile of respondents and ICT competence of extension workers (p <0.05). The benefits of the study is typical in the exposure of necessary training needs made available for development interventions. It was recommended that there ought to be regular electricity power supply, subsidized the high cost of ICT and availability of good communication network in rural areas. DOR: 20.1001.1.22517588.2021.11.2.4.8
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers of Visual Outcomes in 322 Eyes.

Abstract Objective To investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based biomarkers of visual acuity (VA) in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) undergoing surgical intervention. Purpose To assess surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and membrane peel (MP) surgery in eyes with idiopathic ERM and identify potential imaging-based biomarkers of vision outcomes. Methods Retrospective, consecutive case series of eyes with idiopathic ERM that underwent PPV and MP surgery between 1/1/2017 and 1/1/2019. A previously described ERM grading scale was utilized for OCT analysis. The primary outcome was VA at post-operative month 6 and final follow-up. A secondary outcome was the association of OCT structural features, including ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL), inner microcystoid changes, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, with VA outcomes. Results A total of 322 eyes with idiopathic ERM were included. Mean (± SD) follow-up was 506.6 ± 324.6 days after MP surgery. VA improved from logMAR 0.49 ± 0.27 (Snellen 20/61) pre-MP to 0.41 ± 0.30 (Snellen 20/51, p Conclusions VA improvement was noted after surgery in eyes with idiopathic ERM across all stages. Pre-operative stage 4 characteristics were associated with worse VA at 6 months. Post-operative inner microcystoid changes and EZ disruption at month 3 were additional OCT biomarkers associated with worse 6 month and final VA outcomes.
Application and Development of AASHO Specifications to Bridge Design

Application of specifications explained, paying special attention to history and development of various provisions; section included covering their application to bridges on National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. (30 refs.)
TU‐AB‐303‐06: Does Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy Mean Zero Margin for Intermediate‐Risk Prostate Cancer? An Intra‐Fractional Seminal Vesicles Motion Analysis

Purpose: To provide benchmark for seminal vesicles (SVs) margin selection to account for intra-fractional motion; and to investigate the effectiveness of two motion surrogates in predicting intra-fractional SV underdosage. Methods: 9 prostate SBRT patients were studied; each has five pairs of pre-treatment and post-treatment cone-beam CTs (CBCTs). Each pair of CBCTs was registered based on fiducial markers in the prostate. To provide “ground truth” for coverage evaluation, all pre-treatment SVs were expanded with isotropic margin of 1,2,3,5 and 8mm, and their overlap with post-treatment SVs were used to quantify intra-fractional coverage. Two commonly used motion surrogates, the center-of-mass (COM) and the border of contour (the most distal points in SI/AP/LR directions) were evaluated using Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses for predicting SV underdosage due to intra-fractional motion. Action threshold of determining underdosage for each surrogate was calculated by selecting the optimal balancing between sensitivity and specificity. For comparison, margin for each surrogate was also calculated based on traditional margin recipe. Results: 90% post-treatment SV coverage can be achieved in 47%, 82%, 91%, 98% and 98% fractions for 1,2,3,5 and 8mm margins. 3mm margin ensured the 90% intra-fractional SV coverage in 90% fractions when prostate was aligned. The ROC analysis indicated the AUC for COM and border were 0.88 and 0.72. The underdosage threshold was 2.9mm for COM and 4.1mm for border. The Van Herk’s margin recipe recommended 0.5, 0 and 1.8mm margin in LR, AP and SI direction based on COM and for border, the corresponding margin was 2.1, 4.5 and 3mm. Conclusion: 3mm isotropic margin is the minimum required to mitigate the intra-fractional SV motion when prostate is aligned. ROC analysis reveals that both COM and border are acceptable predictors for SV underdosage with 2.9mm and 4.1mm action threshold. Traditional margin calculation is less reliable for this application. This work is partially supported a master research grant from Varian Medical Systems.
Report on Workshop 7

The workshop discussions were supplemented by a prepared presentation by Mr.Lambotte which is included in these proceedings3. The rest of the discussion is reported under the headings which follow.
Inhibition of endocytic processes by photodynamic therapy

Background and Objectives Recent studies have demonstrated an effect of photodamage on the endocytic pathway involved in recycling of membrane components. Using a series of agents with known sub-cellular targets, we explored the determinants of photodynamic inhibition of endocytic processes in three cell lines: A murine leukemia, a murine hepatoma, and a non-malignant epithelial cell line of human origin. Study Design/Materials and Methods The PI-3 kinase antagonist wortmannin blocks endosomal processing pathway dependent on this enzyme, providing an indication of the “flux” of endocytosis. Microscopic observations were used to assess the effect of photodamage on this pathway. Photosensitizing agents specific for mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomal, and endosomal photodamage were employed. Results Sub-lethal photodamage directed against endosomes or lysosomes interrupted early steps in this endocytic process in the hepatoma cell line. A mechanism for these effects is proposed. Mitochondrial photodamage could interrupt endocytosis, but at levels that also induced apoptosis. ER photodamage did not affect endocytosis even at lethal levels. Somewhat similar results were obtained with other cell lines, but there were sufficient differences to indicate that the cell phenotype is, in part, a determinant of the endocytic response to PDT. Conclusions PDT is therefore seen to have an effect on endocytic processes. Further work will be needed to delineate the role of these endocytic effects in the array of responses to photodynamic therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:542–547, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Face to Face, Online and Hybrid Formats in a Principles of Macroeconomics Course

With the increase in online class offerings, one has to ask 'Are online classes as good as traditional class'? That is, are the learning outcomes similar in online courses as compared to traditional courses? The current study compares the learning outcomes of three sections of a single course at a public university. The basic difference between the three sections is the mode of instruction. One of the sections is a traditional classroom course, one is a hybrid section, and one is an online section. All three sections took the same pre- and post-tests under identical testing conditions to ascertain differences in performance of the students in the three sections. The conclusion of the study was that online learning is not systematically inferior to traditional classroom learning.
Peasants and Feudalism in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia

(1974). Peasants and Feudalism in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia. Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des etudes africaines: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 155-157.
Quantitative Analysis of the Benefits and Risks of Consuming Farmed and Wild Salmon

Contaminants in farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon raise important questions about the competing health benefits and risks of fish consumption. A benefit-risk analysis was conducted to compare quantitatively the cancer and noncancer risks of exposure to organic contaminants in salmon with the (n-3) fatty acid-associated health benefits of salmon consumption. Recommended levels of (n-3) fatty acid intake, as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be achieved by consuming farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of noncarcinogenic risk. However, the recommended level of EPA+DHA intake cannot be achieved solely from farmed or wild salmon while maintaining an acceptable level of carcinogenic risk. Although the benefit-risk ratio for carcinogens and noncarcinogens is significantly greater for wild Pacific salmon than for farmed Atlantic salmon as a group, the ratio for some subgroups of farmed salmon is on par with the ratio for wild salmon. This analysis suggests that risk of exposure to contaminants in farmed and wild salmon is partially offset by the fatty acid-associated health benefits. However, young children, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, and nursing mothers not at significant risk for sudden cardiac death associated with CHD but concerned with health impairments such as reduction in IQ and other cognitive and behavioral effects, can minimize contaminant exposure by choosing the least contaminated wild salmon or by selecting other sources of (n-3) fatty acids.
Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures Using Controlled-Strain Repeated Direct Tension Test

A controlled-strain repeated direction tension (RDT) test is useful for characterizing asphalt mixtures and assessing fatigue cracking accompanied by plastic deformation. The strain curve in a loading cycle of the controlled-strain RDT test is a standard haversine wave with only a tensile portion, whereas the stress curve has a tensile portion and a compressive portion (quasi-compression) because of the viscoelastoplastic nature of the asphalt mixture. Usually the material properties in the tensile stress portion (the tensile properties) are used, while those in the compressive stress portion (the quasi-compressive properties) are neglected. This leads to nonnegligible errors in estimating the dissipated strain energy (DSE) and characterizing the damage (such as cracking and permanent deformation) generated in the material. The objective of this paper is to obtain complete material properties and accurate amounts of dissipation and storage of energy of this test method as the foundation of damage characterization. This paper provides methods to simulate the stress and strain for the tensile and compressive stress portions separately so as to determine the tensile and quasi-compressive properties, respectively. The difference between the tensile and quasi-compressive properties is investigated using statistical analysis. It is found that the tensile properties of an asphalt mixture are different from the quasi-compressive properties due to the crack opening and closure within each loading cycle. The DSE calculated using both the tensile and quasi-compressive properties is larger compared to the traditional method using only the tensile properties, indicating an underestimation of the damage by the traditional method. In addition, the recoverable strain energy (RSE) is investigated to examine the ability of an asphalt mixture to store and recover energy. A new perspective in terms of the integration method is provided to determine the actual amount of the RSE in a loading cycle.
Internal hydrogen effects on tensile properties of iron- and nickel-base superalloys

Two nickel-base alloys [superalloys INCONEL 718 (IN718) and INCONEL 625 (IN625)] and one iron-base superalloy (A286) were chosen to study the effects of internal H charging on their room-temperature slow strain rate mechanical behavior. Uniform internal H contents ranged from 0 to 50 wt ppm H (0 to 3000 at. ppm H), and a strain rate of 8.5 X 10-7 m/s was used with notched strip specimens. The three alloys showed varying losses in strength and ductility, and the strongest alloy, IN718, showed a decrease of 67 pet in ductility for a dissolved H content of 40 wt ppm. Superalloy A286 showed a corresponding 50 pet decrease in ductility, and IN625 showed a 29 pet loss in ductility. Fractographic evidence and the marked decrease in strength of the alloys lead the authors to conclude that the enhanced localized plasticity mechanism for H embrittlement is possibly operative in these face-centered cubic (fcc) alloys.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with an ovarian teratoma in an adolescent female.

Abstract Anti– N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a recently described paraneoplastic syndrome with prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms. We report a case of NMDA receptor encephalitis in a 15-year-old female related to the development of NMDA receptor autoantibodies triggered by an ovarian teratoma. Removal of the mature teratoma proved curative with eventual resolution of the paraneoplastic disease process and associated psychiatric symptoms. Increasingly, reports of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratomas in pediatric patients, as well as a novel assay to measure these antibodies, suggest an etiology for this disease process that may be amenable to prompt surgical excision. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and surgical management of the disease, as well as a review of the literature, are included.
Sequential Dynamical Systems

We present our work on the special class of dynamical systems referred to as discrete sequential dynamical systems (SDS). The definition of these systems is motivated by the generic structure of computer simulations. In computer simulations, we typically find agents or entities with certain properties or states. The entities can retrieve information from other entities, but usually only from the ones in their own vicinity. Based on these states, they may update their own state. A schedule will take care of the update order of the entities. One possible interpretation of this is to have each entity as a vertex in a (dependency) graph where two vertices are connected if the corresponding two entities can communicate. Without loss of generality, we can associate a binary state to each vertex or entity. Finally, we fix some ordering of the vertices that represents the update ordering of the entities. The above construction will be put in a strict mathematical context, and leads to the concept of a sequential dynamical system (SDS).
CYP2D6 genotyping with oligonucleotide microarrays and nortriptyline concentrations in geriatric depression.

Recent advances in oligonucleotide microarray technology (“gene chips”) permit rapid screening for DNA sequence variation. The CYP2D6 gene encodes debrisoquine hydroxylase, which metabolizes the antidepressant nortriptyline and other psychotropic medications. Nortriptyline plasma concentrations were obtained after at least three weeks of treatment in 36 geriatric patients with major depression who were taking a mean of 8.6 other medications besides nortriptyline. Oligonucleotide microarrays were used to detect 16 CYP2D6 alleles that affect debrisoquine hydroxylase activity. Subjects carrying alleles encoding impaired debrisoquine hydroxylase activity had significantly greater nortriptyline concentrations and lower nortriptyline doses than did other subjects. Significant correlations were found between the numbers of alleles encoding decreased metabolism and nortriptyline plasma concentration, nortriptyline dose, and nortriptyline plasma concentration standardized for dose, indicating a gene dosage effect. These results demonstrate that CYP2D6 genotyping on a microarray platform can be used to predict plasma antidepressant concentrations despite advanced patient age and numerous concurrent medications.
Functional properties and Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of soy–whey proteins and fractions

Abstract Soy proteins when prepared to high purity can confer good functional properties and the whey by-product is a potential source for bioactivity. In this study, we determined the protein, moisture, fiber, solubility, foaming, emulsion properties, as well as Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activity of prepared soy–whey proteins and its fractions. The soy–whey proteins were fractionated into 5, > 10, and > 50 kDa using ultrafiltration. The expanded AACC methods were used to determine protein, moisture, and fiber analyses of the whey and its fractions. Solubility method was conducted to determine the protein solubility profile of the soy–whey and its fractions at varying pHs. Turbidimetric method was used to evaluate emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES). There were significant differences observed in moisture, protein and salt contents between unfractionated, > 50 kDa and smaller sized fractions. No significant differences were observed with phytic acid and total dietary fiber contents among all samples. The unfractionated whey protein and > 50 kDa fraction showed better solubility than other fractions. Unfractionated whey protein had the highest foam capacity (42.7 mL) while the fraction > 5 kDa showed the greatest foaming stability (46 min). The highest emulsion activity (0.33 ± 0.1) and stability (825.1 ± 45.1) was obtained with the > 50 kDa fraction while the unfractionated whey protein had the highest ACE-I inhibition activity. The findings indicate that soy–whey protein fraction (> 50 kDa) had good solubility, emulsion activity and stability, while the unfractionated whey protein exhibited the strongest ACE-I inhibition percentage (19%).
The magnetic moments of non-uniformly magnetized grains

Abstract Variation techniques are used to determine simultaneously the configurations of magnetic moments in a multidomain material. It is shown that there are several minimum energy states available to grains. Usually the lowest energy state does not appear to be occupied, based on comparisons between theory and observations of domains. The consequences of this can be severe with regard to estimations of the net amount of remanence in domains and in domain walls.
MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SINGLE CRYSTAL WELDS

Previous work on Fe-15Cr-15Ni single crystals has led to the development of a geometric model that describes the orientation and growth of dendrites. This paper describes the extension of that work using the Fe-15Cr-15Ni alloy with selected additions to study the details and mechanisms that control stray grain formation. The propensity to form stray grains has been related to solidification conditions such as thermal gradient, growth velocity, and solidification temperature range. The models developed for the Fe-Cr-Ni system have also been applied to welding of single crystal nickel-base superalloys. The formation of stray grains has been studied as a function of welding conditions. Examples will also be presented that show that the grain boundaries that are produced by stray grains are susceptible to weld cracking. Some early results are promising in that welds made under certain conditions have been shown to yield perfect single crystal welds with the same orientation as the base material. However, the tendency to form stray grains is still quite strong and complete avoidance of stray grain formation may require strategic alloy
Improved wavelet-packet compression of electrocardiogram data II: coding of compressor output and QRS clustering

Two modifications to a wavelet packet based compression scheme for single lead electrocardiogram data have been tested for their effect upon compression performance. First, differential pulse code modulation and an adaptive arithmetic coder wee implemented to improve the coding of the major components of compressor output. The improved strategies produced a 17 percent reduction in average data rate; since all techniques were lossless, there was no effect on the quality of the reconstructed signals. Second, 'QRS clustering' was incorporated into the preprocessing stage of the algorithm. Beats of similar structure were grouped, and a separate average, vector was maintained for the dominant and non-dominant beat types found in the signal. Beat similarity was quantified using a combination of linear correlation and average, absolute, point-by-point difference. A significant reduction in coefficient data rate was anticipated; however, for the test cases used in this study, a slight increase in coefficient data rate was produced.
A SPECTRAL/hp NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HIGHER-ORDER BEAM THEORY WITH VISCOELASTICITY

In this paper, a finite element model for efficient nonlinear analysis of the mechanical response of viscoelastic beams is presented. The principle of virtual work is utilized in conjunction with the third-order beam theory to develop displacement-based, weak-form Galerkin finite element model for both quasi-static and fully-transient analysis. The displacement field is assumed such that the third-order beam theory admits C0 Lagrange interpolation of all dependent variables and the constitutive equation can be that of an isotropic material. Also, higher-order interpolation functions of spectral/hp type are employed to efficiently eliminate numerical locking. The mechanical properties are considered to be linear viscoelastic while the beam may undergo von Karman nonlinear geometric deformations. The constitutive equations are modeled using Prony exponential series with general n-parameter Kelvin chain as its mechanical analogy for quasi-static cases and a simple two-element Maxwell model for dynamic cases. The fully discretized finite element equations are obtained by approximating the convolution integrals from the viscous part of the constitutive relations using a trapezoidal rule. A two-point recurrence scheme is developed that uses the approximation of relaxation moduli with Prony series. This necessitates the data storage for only the last time step and not for the entire deformation history.
MODERN AND TRADITIONAL VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND FERTILITY BEHAVIOR: A SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

Modern versus traditional value orientations based on the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck schema are related to family size preferences and birth control effectiveness. Value orientations are viewed as mediating the relationship between socioeconomic status and the fertility behavior variables. Interviews with a probability sample of women in Lexington, Kentucky, provide the data for testing the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that both value orientations and socioeconomic status are related to fertility behavior. The inference can be made that value orientations aid in interpreting the relationship between socioeconomic status and fertility behavior but that other status-related variables are operating.
A cost-reducing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) program model: a single institution experience

Background:The worldwide demand for ECMO support has grown. Its provision remains limited due to several factors (high cost, complicated technology, lack of expertise) that increase healthcare cost. Our goal was to assess if an intensive care unit (ICU)-run ECMO model without continuous bedside perfusionists would decrease costs while maintaining patient safety and outcomes.Method:A new ECMO program was implemented in 2010, consisting of dedicated ICU multidisciplinary providers (ICU-registered nurses, mid-level providers and intensivists). In year one, we introduced an education platform, new technology and dedicated space. In year two, continuous bedside monitoring by perfusionists was removed and new management algorithms designating multidisciplinary providers as first responders were established. The patient safety and cost benefit from the removal of the continuous bedside monitoring of the perfusionists of this new ECMO program was retrospectively reviewed and compared.Results:During the study peri...
Numb Inhibits Membrane Localization of Sanpodo, a Four-Pass Transmembrane Protein, to Promote Asymmetric Divisions in Drosophila

Cellular diversity is a fundamental characteristic of complex organisms, and the Drosophila CNS has proved an informative paradigm for understanding the mechanisms that create cellular diversity. One such mechanism is the asymmetric localization of Numb to ensure that sibling cells respond differently to the extrinsic Notch signal and, thus, adopt distinct fates (A and B). Here we focus on the only genes known to function specifically to regulate Notch-dependent asymmetric divisions: sanpodo and numb. We demonstrate that sanpodo, which specifies the Notch-dependent fate (A), encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to the cell membrane in the A cell and physically interacts with the Notch receptor. We also show that Numb, which inhibits Notch signaling to specify the default fate (B), physically associates with Sanpodo and inhibits Sanpodo membrane localization in the B cell. Our findings suggest a model in which Numb inhibits Notch signaling through the regulation of Sanpodo membrane localization.
Using Gold Nanorods to Probe Cell-Induced Collagen Deformation

In biological tissue, complex mechanisms of cellular response are closely linked to the mechanical environment that cells experience. The key to understanding these mechanisms may lie in measurement of local mechanical fields near living cells and between cells. We have developed a novel optical measurement technique which combines the light elastically scattered from gold nanorods with digital image analysis to track local deformations that occur in vitro between cells, in real time, under darkfield optical microscopy. We find that measurable tension and compression exist in the intercellular matrix at the length scale of micrometers, as the cells assess, adapt, and rearrange their environment.
Does increased waist-hip ratio predict augmented sympathetic contribution to vascular tone in humans?

Abstract P-486 Key Words: Central Obesity, Forarm Vascular Resistance, Sympathetic Vascular Tone
The effect of dutasteride on the peripheral and transition zones of the prostate and the value of the transition zone index in predicting treatment response.

Purpose: We determined the effects of dutasteride on transition and peripheral zone volume, and the clinical value of the transition zone index in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and Methods: A total of 2,802 men 50 years or older with diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, American Urological Association symptom index score 12 or greater, total prostate volume 30 cc or greater, prostate specific antigen 1.5 ng/ml or greater and 10 ng/ml or less, and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less were randomized to receive 0.5 mg dutasteride daily or placebo for 2 years. Total prostate and transition zone volume was measured with transrectal ultrasound at baseline and 4 times during the 2-year period. Peripheral zone volume (total prostate volume minus transition zone volume) and the transition zone index (transition zone volume/total prostate volume) were calculated. Patients were stratified into tertiles according to baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and the transitio...
Detection of Lyman α Emission from the Saturnian Disk and from the Ring System

A rocket-borne spectrograph detected H I Lyman-alpha emission from the disk of Saturn and from the vicinity of the planet. The signal is consistent with an emission brightness of 700 rayleighs for the disk and 200 rayleighs for the vicinity of Saturn. The emission from the vicinity of the planet may be due to a hydrogen atmosphere associated with the Saturnian ring system.
Transduodenal catheter sphincterotomy

Summary A new technic of choledochal sphincterotomy utilizing a French catheter is described, and its use in a thirty-nine year old white woman is presented. This patient had had cholecystectomy performed for chronic cholecystitis with lithiasis in 1968. A year later ampullary fibrosis developed for which a transduodenal catheter sphincterotomy was performed. She has been asymptomatic ever since.
Structural evolution of larger gold clusters

The preferred structures of larger gold clusters comprised of 100 to 1000 atoms (1.4–C3.0 nm equivalent diameter) have been determined theoretically via exhaustive search and energy-minimization methods and experimentally by synchrotron x-ray diffraction analysis of purified powder samples of small gold nanocrystals passivated by alkylthiol(ate) self-assembled monolayers. Theory predicts a persistent, close competition, across the entire size-range, among three structure-types: Marks-type decahedral (Dh) structures, monocrystals of a particular (TO+) truncated-octahedral (or ‘Wulffi’) morphology, and symmetrically twin-faulted variants (t-TO+) of the second; all other forms are much less stable. Quantitative comparison of the experimental diffraction patterns with patterns calculated from the structures provides clear evidence for a high abundance of the Dh and t-TO+ forms, but also reveals a definite transition from the former to the latter structures in the 1.7 to 2.0 nm range (~ 200 atoms). Further, the observed (mean) lattice contraction is only about half that predicted, suggesting that the surfactant monolayer acts to reduce the surface energy of the clusters. Taken together, these results suggest that the surfactant monolayer may play a small but important role in differentially stabilizing the higher energy {100}-type facets present to a greater extent in the TO-type structures.
Algal Boring: A Possible Depth Indicator in Carbonate Rocks and Sediments

Algal boring is abundant in shallow shelf carbonate sediments from the Florida-Bahamas region, but comparatively rare in deeper shelf carbonates from the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef. Available evidence suggests an abrupt decrease in abundance of algal boring in carbonate sediments at a depth of 60 feet. Should this relationship prove consistent, algal boring in ancient rocks, indicated possibly by “micrite envelopes” around carbonate grains, could provide depth information for environmental analysis. At present, abundant algal boring indicates deposition at less than 120 feet, and probably less than 60 feet, provided sediment reworking is not involved.
Double Electron-Electron Resonance Studies of Ligand Induced Rearrangements of HCN Channels

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) ion channels are members of the superfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels. HCN channels play a role in controlling neuronal and cardiac pacemaking activity. They are regulated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides to a conserved, intracellular cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). The CNBD is connected to the transmembrane domain through a C-linker. Crystallization studies of intracellular fragments of the C-linker and CNBD show little conformational difference in cAMP bound and unbound states. However, fluorescence and electrophysiology experiments suggest a significant conformational change in the C-linker and CNBD. Here, we use double electron-electron resonance (DEER) to study conformational changes of a soluble fragment of HCN channels in response to binding different cyclic nucleotide species. DEER is an electron paramagnetic resonance technique capable of measuring absolute distances and distance distributions between two spin-labeled protein residues separated by 2 to 8 nanometers. The ability to measure distance distributions allows us to probe whether binding of a partial agonist induces a conformational change smaller compared to the full agonist or results only in a shift of the conformational equilibrium. We find that in a soluble fragment of HCN2 consisting of the C-linker and CNBD, cAMP, the physiological agonist, leads to conformational changes of the CNBD that are much greater than suggested by crystallization. Binding of cCMP, known to be a partial agonist of the full channel, leads to conformational changes similar to cAMP. We also find that cGMP, known to be a full agonist on intact channels, acts as a partial agonist on the fragment, causing only a fraction of protein to undergo conformational change.
An intrinsic thyrotropin-mediated pathway of TNF-α production by bone marrow cells

Recent studies have identified a role for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; ie, thyrotropin) as an inductive signal for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by bone marrow (BM) cells, although the features of that activation pathway have not been defined. Using intracellular TSH staining and enzyme-linked immunoassay for detection of secreted TSH, we demonstrate that TSH synthesis in BM cells occurs within CD45(+) (leukocyte common antigen) hematopoietic cells and that the majority of that activity resides in a component of CD11b(+) BM cells that are not mature T cells, B cells, or Thy-1(+) cells in the BM. Conversely, TSH-responsive BM cells defined by expression of TSH receptor (TSHR) using flow cytometry were selectively associated with a nonerythroid CD11b(-) lymphocyte precursor population. In vitro culture of magnetic-activated cell sorted CD11b(-) and CD11b(+) cells with titrated amounts of purified TSH resulted in significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha secretion from CD11b(-) BM cells compared to non-TSH-treated cells, with no appreciable change in TNF-alpha production from CD11b(+) cells. These findings are the first to demonstrate TSH production by BM hematopoietic cells, and they demonstrate that TSH may be involved in the regulation of TNF-alpha by CD11b(-) BM cells. They also indicate that TSH-mediated regulation of TNF-alpha secretion within the BM most likely operates through an intrinsic network of TSH production and use between different types of BM cells, and they suggest that local TSH may be an important homeostatic regulator of hematopoiesis mediated by TNF-alpha.
Optical coating technology for the EUV

Advances in optical coating and materials technology are one of the key motivators for the development of missions such as the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer recently selected by NASA for an Explorer class mission in the mid 1990's. The performance of a range of candidate coatings are reviewed for normal-incidence and glancing-incidence applications, and attention is given to strengths and problem areas for their use in space. The importance of recent developments in multilayer films, chemical-vapor deposited SiC (CVD-SiC) mirrors, and SiC films are discussed in the context of EUV instrumentation design. For example, the choice of optical coatings is a design driver for the selection of the average glancing angle for the FUSE telescope, and impacts efficiency, short-wavelength cut-off, and physical size.
Adsorption of ionic surfactants on latex particles

Abstract The adsorption of two ionic surfactants, sodium alkyl sulfate and potassium oleate, was investigated using polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and their copolymer latices. The molecular areas at saturation adsorption of these surfactants on latex particles were calculated from surface tension titration curves and also from electron microscopy data. The adsorption data were determined as a function of temperature, the electrolyte concentration of the medium, the alkyl chain length of the surfactant, the particle size of the latex, and the composition and nature of the polymers. The saturation molecular area of the surfactants was also measured on the organic solvent swollen latex particles. All the results indicated that the effectiveness of adsorption, i.e., the amount of surfactant adsorbed on polymer surface at saturation adsorption, depends on the above-named variables. These observed effects are discussed and explained in terms of the adsorption equilibrium, the orientation of the surfactant molecules on the surface, the affinity of the surfactant molecule with the surface, and the “penetration effect” of the surfactant.
Generalized decision trees: methodology and applications

Abstract The method of decision trees is a widely accepted decision tool for multistage decision problems. The classical decision tree methodology assumes that the future outcome, following a decision at a given stage, is a discrete random variable with known probability function. Moreover, with each decision, the resultant cash flows and their timings are assumed to be deterministic and constants. However, in many real life problems in a dynamic environment, in addition to the probabilistic nature of outcomes, there is also randomness in the size of cash flows as well as their timings. By generalized decision trees (GDTs) we mean decision trees with cash flows as well as their timings being random variables. Furthermore, the time between two consecutive decision points is also allowed to be a random variable in the dynamic decision process. The method which is widely used for these types of decision problems is the Monte Carlo simulation. In this paper we present an analytical method for obtaining optimal decisions in generalized decision trees. Applications of generalized decision trees to optimal recall time of defective products (e.g. cars), optimal software release time and decision of automation in a manufacturing environment are also presented.
The interest rate sensitivity of equity prices with respect to systematic risk and leverage

Abstract This study extends the previous empirical research into the sensitibity of equity prices to include interest rates. Specifically, the null hypothesis that the interest rate sensitivity of equity prices is independent of the level of systematic risk and financial leverage is tested. The hypothesis is tested using a short-term and long-term interest rate index. The results show that the interest rate sensitivity of equity prices is independent of the amount of financial leverage but not independent of the level of systematic risk.
Building a Community - How to Enrich an Engineering Technology Program With an Identity, Presence and Pride

Potential students and their parents are looking at schools differently than in the past: an out cropping of the new generation of parents and students. Academics are still the prime concern but more frequently than in past years families are concerned about the organization. Does the program have an identity that will assist in getting jobs? Is there a presence within the community? Do the faculty and students take pride in what is being accomplished and are graduates proud of their education and their school? The best way to answer these questions is to allow the families a chance to interact with students, see their products, read the posters of their work and show where graduates work.This paper will discuss the process needed to cultivate an engineering or engineering technology program into one with an identity, presence and ultimately pride. The paper will describe leadership steps that can be taken to generate pride and distinctiveness, first to the faculty, and then to the student body. Resulting in a close nit and enviable community where education can flourish, and the students’ academic related clubs are active and involved on campus. Where alumni look forward to visiting and helping with student projects. Where they take pride in their alma mater and often seek new hires from the program. Where faculty members win teaching awards and enjoy their time in the classroom and advising students.A case study will be presented and, detailed examples will be cited demonstrating how the students “caught on” and took pride to a new level based on the successful implementation at a university. It will show that leadership lessons learned by students while in school, continued to be used after they graduated. The case study will further demonstrate why everyone associated with the program feels that the engineering technology program is a great place to learn and work.© 2013 ASME
Processing and mechanical response of highly textured Al2O3

Abstract Dense, high quality textured alumina was fabricated by templated grain with only 0.14 wt% (SiO 2 + CaO) and 1–15 wt% tabular alumina templates From stereological measurements, texture fraction was 95% and unaffected by template loading or dopant concentration. Due to the excellent template alignment during casting, the full-width at half the maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve was exceptionally low at 4.6°. Samples with the largest templated grains (1% templated alumina) have much lower strength (300–320 MPa) than those with smaller templated grains (400–500 MPa). Predominantly transgranular crack paths were observed in fracture surfaces both parallel and perpendicular to the oriented grains. The fracture toughness was anisotropic with slightly higher toughness perpendicular to the basal surface than parallel the direction grain basal surface. Surprisingly, the lowest density sample (93%) tested, which started with 15 wt% templates had the highest strength of 511 MPa ± 0.45 and highest fracture toughness of 4.58 ± 0.44 MPa m 1/2 when measured perpendicular to the basal surface of the grains.
FOLACIN CONTENT, OF MICROWAVE AND CONVENTIONALLY COOKED FROZEN VEGETABLES

The effects of microwave and conventional cooking on the folacin retention of four frozen vegetables (spinach, peas, green beans and broccoli) were studied. Total folacin in spinach and peas was determined using Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus faecalis. Since L. casei values were higher, this microorganism was used in the other assays. Folacin content of microwave and conventionally cooked 1 vegetables was not significantly different. Retentions were approximately the same for each vegetable regardless of cooking method and ranged from 78–105% except for broccoli. The low retention in broccoli (Sl-59%) may be due to the presence of heat labile forms of folacin.
An Illustration of the Multivariate Case of the Shine-Bower Single-Subject ANOVA:

Basic multivariate procedures are illustrated on artificial data for a one-way Shine-Bower single-subject ANOVA with two dependent measures. All the fundamental multivariate formulas are given for this case. The reader may easily generalize the procedures and formulas for this case to other cases of interest.
Scientific knowledge and environmental policy: why science needs values

Abstract While the term ‘science’ is evoked with immense frequency in the political arena, it continues to be misunderstood. Perhaps the most repeated example of this – particularly when dealing with environmental policy and regulatory issues – is when science is called upon to provide the unattainable: namely, proof. What is scientific knowledge and, more importantly, what is it capable of providing us? These questions must be answered – by policymakers, politicians, the public, and scientists themselves – if we hope to ever resolve today's environmental controversies in a just and equitable way. This paper begins by critically examining the concepts of uncertainty and proof as they apply to science. Discussion then turns to the issue of values in science. This is to speak of the normative decisions that are made routinely in the environmental sciences (but often without them being recognized as such). To conclude, insights are gleaned from the preceding sections to help us understand how science should ...
Analgesia after peripheral administration of enkephalin and endorphin analogues

Several analogues of Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin were tested for their analgesic properties after systemic injection. The latencies of mice to flick their tails away from a source of heat revealed that analogues of the opiate peptides can cause analgesia when injected by this route. In particular, compounds specifically designed to be more lipophilic or to possess additional binding sites were shown to be potent analgesic after peripheral administration.
Gonadectomy alters myosin heavy chain composition in isolated cardiac myocytes

Sex differences in cardiac function have been identified. Studies suggest that the presence of testosterone in males may contribute to the observed differences in cardiac function. Our laboratory has shown previously that testosterone treatment of gonadectomized adult male rats enhances contractility of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. In this study we tested the hypothesis that gonadectomy and hormone replacement influences contractility by altering myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition. To test this hypothesis we analyzed myosin isoform expression in ventricular myocytes isolated from castrated rats displaying a decrease in myocyte contractile velocity and compared them to castrates treated with testosterone that displayed normal myocyte shortening velocity. Sixteen weeks after castration isolated rat ventricular myocytes displayed a 90% (p<0.001) decline in MHC-α mRNA levels and over a twofold (p<0.01) increase in MHC-β transcripts when compared to sham-operated controls. Consistent with these changes we also observed a substantial decline in the ratio of MHC-α to MHC-β protein expression. A reversal in myosin heavy chain composition was achieved following testosterone replacement. These studies provide the first direct evidence that testosterone replacement in gonadectomized animals enhances contractility via transcriptional and translational control of myosin heavy chain composition in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The influence of testosterone on MHC composition in males may underlie some of the observed sex differences in cardiac function.