cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Plasticity for Auditory Object Recognition.

In our auditory environment, we rarely experience the exact acoustic waveform twice. This is especially true for communicative signals that have meaning for listeners. In speech and music, the acoustic signal changes as a function of the talker (or instrument), speaking (or playing) rate, and room acoustics, to name a few factors. Yet, despite this acoustic variability, we are able to recognize a sentence or melody as the same across various kinds of acoustic inputs and determine meaning based on listening goals, expectations, context, and experience. The recognition process relates acoustic signals to prior experience despite variability in signal-relevant and signal-irrelevant acoustic properties, some of which could be considered as “noise” in service of a recognition goal. However, some acoustic variability, if systematic, is lawful and can be exploited by listeners to aid in recognition. Perceivable changes in systematic variability can herald a need for listeners to reorganize perception and reorient their attention to more immediately signal-relevant cues. This view is not incorporated currently in many extant theories of auditory perception, which traditionally reduce psychological or neural representations of perceptual objects and the processes that act on them to static entities. While this reduction is likely done for the sake of empirical tractability, such a reduction may seriously distort the perceptual process to be modeled. We argue that perceptual representations, as well as the processes underlying perception, are dynamically determined by an interaction between the uncertainty of the auditory signal and constraints of context. This suggests that the process of auditory recognition is highly context-dependent in that the identity of a given auditory object may be intrinsically tied to its preceding context. To argue for the flexible neural and psychological updating of sound-to-meaning mappings across speech and music, we draw upon examples of perceptual categories that are thought to be highly stable. This framework suggests that the process of auditory recognition cannot be divorced from the short-term context in which an auditory object is presented. Implications for auditory category acquisition and extant models of auditory perception, both cognitive and neural, are discussed.
Action: A framework for semantic annotation of events in video

We propose a model for semantic annotation of events, such as weddings or birthday parties, as depicted in video. Our framework consists of an event taxonomy, implemented as a faceted classification, and an event partonomy, implemented using the ABC ontology proposed by Lagoze and Hunter [1]. Our approach enables the annotation of a low-level physical action depicted in video, such as a kiss, to be linked to its higher-level event context (such as the kiss that signifies the conclusion of a Western wedding ceremony).
Abstract 100: Mechanisms That Mediate the Cardioprotective Activities of Resveratrol in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure

We previously demonstrated that the potent antioxidant, resveratrol, significantly attenuates the adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in pressure overload heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57/BL6 mice. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms that mediate the cardioprotective activities of resveratrol in this setting. Male C57BL6 mice (26-28 g) were subjected to either sham or TAC surgery. One group of TAC mice was given daily resveratrol treatment (oral gavage, 100 mg/kg/body weight for 28 days starting on day 2 after surgery. At the end of the protocol (28 days), the hearts were removed for analysis of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Immunohistological staining for left ventricular (LV) 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a marker of lipid peroxidation was significantly elevated in the TAC mice (18.4±3.0 IOD/μm 2 ) compared to sham mice (3.4±1.0). Resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated this increase (14.4±2.0). In contrast, LV content of the antioxidant glutathione was significantly decreased in the TAC mice (5.3±0.2 nM/mg protein) compared to the sham mice (8.5±0.2). Resveratrol treatment significantly increased glutathione (7.6±0.3) to near sham levels. Likewise, LV activity of sodium oxide dismutase 2 was markedly reduced in TAC mice (7.3±0.9 U/mg protein) compared to sham mice (10.7±1.3) and was significantly increased by resveratrol treatment (7.6±0.3). LV macrophage and mast cell infiltration was markedly increased in the TAC mice (14.8±0.1 and 12.6±0.0 %) compared to sham mice (1.7±0.1 and 2.6±0.1). This increase was significantly attenuated by resveratrol administration (10.4±0.1 and 8.0±0.1). Apoptotic cell death, as determined by the TUNEL assay, was also increased in the TAC mice (0.13±0.01 % cells) compared to sham mice (0.01±0.01). This increase was significantly attenuated in the resveratrol treated group (0.06±0.01). A similar pattern was observed when activated LV caspase-3, a second marker of apoptosis, was measured. In conclusion, these data indicate that the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol in pressure overload-induced heart failure are mediated through the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic cell death.
Multi-context features for detecting malicious programs

Malware detection is still an open problem. There are numerous attacks that take place every day where malware is used to steal private information, disrupt services, or sabotage industrial systems. In this paper, we combine three kinds of contextual information, namely static, dynamic, and instruction-based, for malware detection. This leads to the definition of more than thirty thousand features, which is a large features set that covers a wide range of a sample characteristics. Through experiments with one million files, we show that this features set leads to machine learning based models that can detect both malware seen roughly at the time when the models are built, and malware first seen even months after the models were built (i.e., the detection models remain effective months ahead of time). This may be due to the comprehensiveness of the features set.
Two-Person Relational Psychotherapy: High School Age Adolescents

Adolescence is a developmental period of life that commences with the onset of puberty and artificially ends with adulthood. The twenty-first century saw substantial advances in understanding the biological, psychological, and sociological aspects of adolescent development. Moreover, accumulating data support the notion that adolescent behavior cannot be reduced to purely psychological or biological phenomena. Rather, an understanding of any aspect of adolescence is best derived from an appreciation of biology and psychology and their respective interfaces. For example, imaging studies of adolescent brains confirm aspects of fluidity in decision making and a number of other cognitive capacities. Giedd explains that during adolescence, the area of the brain responsible for organization, planning, and strategizing is not fully developed, as the gray matter continues to thicken. In turn, these neuroanatomic changes likely occur in tandem with changes in the implicit relational memory processes. Further, the scientific literature confirms the belief that adolescence is a period of inordinate risk taking and complexities in decision-making processes.
The Descriptive Study of Concerns of Parents of Children with ASD and Factors Related to Obesity

Rising childhood obesity rates are recognized as a national epidemic, and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at greater risk for obesity compared to peers without autism. Recreational therapists are challenged to understand factors contributing to obesity so they can develop prevention and intervention programs. The socioecological model of obesity recognizes parents as essential to promoting health behaviors necessary to prevent children’s overweight/obesity. Evidence specific to parents of children with ASD is limited, so this exploratory study examined parent concerns related to ASD and overweight/obesity. Parents of children with ASD reported primary concerns of behavior, food selectivity, and anxiousness for their child’s health and development. Despite potential long-term, negative health consequences, overweight/obesity was not a concern identified by parents, as other behaviors were identified as more pressing. Implications for recreational therapy are provided. Subscribe to TRJ
Multicolor fluorescent imaging by space-constrained computational spectral imaging

Spectral imaging is a powerful technique used to simultaneously study multiple fluorophore labels with overlapping emissions. Here, we present a computational spectral imaging method, which uses sample spatial fluorescence information as a reconstruction constraint. Our method addresses both the under-sampling issue of compressive spectral imaging and the low throughput issue of scanning spectral imaging. With simulated and experimental data, we have demonstrated the reconstruction precision of our method in two and three-color imaging. We have experimentally validated this method for differentiating cellular structures labeled with two red-colored fluorescent proteins, tdTomato and mCherry, which have highly overlapping emission spectra. Our method has the advantage of totally free wavelength choice and can also be combined with conventional filter-based sequential multi-color imaging to further improve multiplexing capability.
Estrogen-dependent growth of a rat pituitary tumor involves, but does not require, a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Long-term (10-week) treatment of Fischer 344 (F344) rats with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) increases the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pituitary. This is concurrent with the development of a large tumor of the pituitary of F344 rats. A role for VEGF in estrogendependent pituitary tumor growth is also supported by the fact that pituitary VEGF level is not increased by estrogen treatment in rats of the tumor-resistant Brown Norway (BN) strain. However, VEGF is not increased by estrogen treatment in an F1 hybrid of F344 and BN, even though F1 hybrid rats do form pituitary tumors in response to estrogen. Quantitative trait locus (QLT) mapping reveals that control of estrogen-dependent VEGF expression is linked to the Edpm5 QTL, which was previously identified as a QTL for estrogen-dependent pituitary tumor growth. In contrast, the QTL Edpm2-1 and Edpm9-2, which have been shown to each have a significant effect on estrogendependent pituitary mass of a magnitude si...
"TEACHING TABLES:" Ethical Orientation and Critical Thinking

â€œEthical Orientation and Critical Thinkingâ€ is a teaching table session that examines contrasting ideologies and their relevance to studentsâ€™ emerging â€œethical selvesâ€. In my synthesis course â€œEthics of Film and Videoâ€, students are exposed to Communitarian and Libertarian ideological approaches. Although the class-specific goal of this study is to shape their critical thinking skills in the area of media ethics, this is a useful framework for classes from any academic unit seeking to bolster studentsâ€™ understanding of the relationship between individual and community. To encourage each student to create and share a self-assessment along these lines, leads to improved communication among students and between students and professor. The resulting foundation of critical thinking is then used in the interpretation of existing texts/research and the creation of new student work. This is also an ideal tool for diverse classrooms, because such an investigation of ideological (ethical) identity respects the way in which cultural relativism and other environmental factors affect individualsâ€™ beliefs and practices.
Towards a Postcolonial Curriculum in Zimbabwe: A Critical Review of the Literature

The purpose of the study reported on was to explore the empirical literature related to the implementation and effectiveness of a postcolonial curriculum in Zimbabwe. A systematic review of the lit...
Electrophysiological measures of dysfunction in early-stage diabetic retinopathy: No correlation between cone phototransduction and oscillatory potential abnormalities.

To define the relationship between abnormalities in the activation phase of cone phototransduction and the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the light-adapted electroretinogram in diabetics who have mild or no retinopathy. Subjects included 20 non-diabetic controls and 40 type-2 diabetics (20 had no clinically apparent diabetic retinopathy [NDR] and 20 had mild nonproliferative DR). Single flash responses for a series of stimulus retinal illuminances were measured under light-adapted conditions using conventional techniques. The a-waves of the responses were fit with a delayed Gaussian model to derive Rmp3 (maximum amplitude of the massed photoreceptor response) and S (phototransduction sensitivity). OPs were extracted from the responses by conventional band-pass filtering. Analysis of variance (ANVOA) indicated that both diabetic groups had significant OP amplitude and S reductions compared to the controls, whereas Rmp3 did not differ significantly among the groups. Although log OP amplitude and log Rmp3 were significantly correlated for the control subjects for each flash retinal illuminance (all r > 0.49, p < 0.03), log OP amplitude and log Rmp3 were not correlated for either diabetic group for any flash retinal illuminance (all r ≤ 0.36, p ≥ 0.13). Log OP amplitude and log S were generally not correlated significantly for the control or diabetic groups. OP amplitude losses do not appear to be related to reduced cone sensitivity in early-stage diabetic retinopathy. This suggests that diabetes may separately affect cone function, as evidenced by cone phototransduction sensitivity losses, and inner-retina function, as evidenced by OP amplitude losses.
Prevention of Prosthetic Infection: Penile Implants and Artificial Urinary Sphincters

Introduction: Infections in urologic prosthetic surgery are complex complications for patients and surgeons.
Brain structure differences between solitary and social wasp species are independent of body size allometry.

Evolutionary transitions in social behavior are often associated with changes in species’ brain architecture. A recent comparative analysis showed that the structure of brains of wasps in the family Vespidae differed between solitary and social species: the mushroom bodies, a major integrative brain region, were larger relative to brain size in the solitary species. However, the earlier study did not account for body size effects, and species’ relative mushroom body size increases with body size in social Vespidae. Here we extend the previous analysis by measuring the effects of body size variation on brain structure differences between social and solitary vespid wasps. We asked whether total brain volume was greater relative to body size in the solitary species, and whether relative mushroom body size was greater in solitary species, after accounting for body size effects. Both total brain volume and relative mushroom body volume were significantly greater in the solitary species after accounting for body size differences. Therefore, body size allometry did not explain the solitary versus social species differences in brain structure. The evolutionary transition from solitary to social behavior in Vespidae was accompanied by decreases in total brain size and in relative mushroom body size.
Fundamental Limits of Dynamic Interference Management With Flexible Message Assignments and Separate Deep Fading Block Coding

The problem of interference management is considered in the context of a linear interference network that is subject to long term channel fluctuations due to shadow fading. The slow fading model used is one where communication takes place over blocks of time slots and each link in the network is subject independently to block erasure with probability $p$ . It is assumed that each receiver in the network is interested in one unique message, which is made available at $M$ transmitters. For the case where $M=1$ , the cell association problem is considered, and for $M>1$ , the problem of setting up the backhaul links for Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is investigated. In both cases, optimal schemes from a Degrees of Freedom (DoF) viewpoint are analyzed for the setting of no erasures, and new schemes are proposed with better average DoF performance at higher probabilities of erasure. Assuming separate coding over different deep fading erasure blocks, the average per user DoF for $M=1$ is characterized for every value of $p$ , and optimal message assignments are identified. For $M>1$ , it is first established that there is no strategy for assigning messages to transmitters in networks that is optimal for all values of $p$ . The optimal cooperative zero-forcing scheme for $M=2$ is then identified, and shown to be information-theoretically optimal when the size of the largest subnetwork that contains no erased links is at most five.
Self-stabilizing Connected Components

For the problem of computing the connected components of a graph, this paper considers the design of algorithms that are resilient to transient hardware faults, like bit flips. More specifically, it applies the technique of \emph{self-stabilization}. A system is self-stabilizing if, when starting from a valid or invalid state, it is guaranteed to reach a valid state after a finite number of steps. Therefore on a machine subject to a transient fault, a self-stabilizing algorithm could recover if that fault caused the system to enter an invalid state. We give a comprehensive analysis of the valid and invalid states during label propagation and derive algorithms to verify and correct the invalid state. The self-stabilizing label-propagation algorithm performs $\bigo{V \log V}$ additional computation and requires $\bigo{V}$ additional storage over its conventional counterpart (and, as such, does not increase asymptotic complexity over conventional \labelprop). When run against a battery of simulated fault injection tests, the self-stabilizing label propagation algorithm exhibits more resilient behavior than a triple modular redundancy (TMR) based fault-tolerant algorithm in $80\%$ of cases. From a performance perspective, it also outperforms TMR as it requires fewer iterations in total. Beyond the fault-tolerance properties of self-stabilizing label-propagation, we believe, they are useful from the theoretical perspective; and may have other use-cases.
The World at Risk: Vulnerability, Precarity, and Connectedness:

This article considers the world at risk; in particular it focuses on the three topics covered at the international conference of Catholic Theological Ethics in the World Church in 2018 in Sarajevo...
“These loins aren’t on fire”: Neoliberalism and the Erotic in Paul Martínez Pompa’s My Kill Adore Him

In My Kill Adore Him, Mexican American poet Paul Martinez Pompa uses the realm of sexuality as a lens through which to explore the ideological, social, and affective shifts that have accompanied the rise of late capitalism in the U.S. In these poems, Martinez Pompa implies that our experience of neoliberalism has resulted in our affective withdrawal from politics, which he allegorizes as a decline in our libidos, as well as a distancing from what Slavoj Žižek describes as the Real of the body and a distortion in the way that we perceive suffering in the rest of the world.
Short-Term Use of Baclofen Leading to Delirium in a Patient With End Stage Renal Disease Receiving Hemodialysis

Baclofen, a muscle relaxant is primarily excreted by the kidneys. We present the case of a 60-year-old male who developed acute delirium, visual hallucinations, and behavioral changes after he took a friend's prescription of baclofen for pain relief. There was immediate improvement after dialysis, and multiple sessions of hemodialysis led to complete resolution of symptoms. A high suspicion for pharmacological causes of delirium is needed in the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Baclofen is known but under recognized cause of acute delirium in ESRD patients. We discuss the pharmacokinetics of baclofen. We suggest reducing dose or preferably avoiding use of baclofen in ESRD patients, especially the elderly.
Nonrandomized Clinical Trial of the Effectiveness of a Laxative Treatment Protocol to Time of First Bowel Movement After Uterine Artery Embolization Procedure: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of a proactive laxative protocol for constipation prevention in patients undergoing uterine artery embolization (UAE). Design A nonrandomized clinical trial. Methods A nonrandomized trial study design was piloted using a convenience sample of 35 patients undergoing UAE in the course of 1 year. Findings There was a statistically significant difference (P Conclusions This pilot study supports the benefits of a proactive laxative protocol in helping achieve procedural recovery uncomplicated by constipation in patients undergoing UAE.
Multi-objective optimal charging current and flow management of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries for fast charging and energy-efficient operation

Abstract High charging current density results in faster charging and reduces the capacity fading in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB). On the other hand, it leads to the reduced energy efficiency of the battery. Also, the lower electrolyte flow rate in VRFBs results in less energy consumption by pumps leading to the higher energy efficiency of the VRFBs. However, higher electrolyte flow rates have the benefit of reducing voltage loss of VRFBs. To address these trade-offs, closed-loop charge control and flow management in VRFBs are necessary. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization is proposed to optimize the charging duration and flow management of the VRFB simultaneously during the battery charging. A new formulation is proposed for modeling the pumps’ consumption based on affinity laws valid for centrifugal pumps, and the formulation is resulted in a new electrolyte flow management for VRFBs. Further, three case studies are defined in charging mode for verification of the proposed formulations via a nine-cell VRFB unit laboratory prototype. To show the advantages of the proposed formulation, the formulation is compared with previously published papers on optimization of the electrolyte flow rate and charging current of VRFBs. The results show the consistency of the optimal formulations.
Viral Infections in Transplant Recipients

This chapter discusses the role of nucleic acid tests in the diagnosis and management of herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK virus (BKV), parvovirus (erythrovirus) B19, and adenovirus in hematopoietic and solid-organ transplant recipients. HSV most commonly causes reactivation of oral or genital mucocutaneous lesions in transplant recipients. The majority of transplant recipients are VZV seropositive pretransplantation, and at risk for VZV reactivation, most commonly in the form of zoster. Due to the severity of primary VZV infection in transplant recipients, solid-organ transplant candidates should be screened for antibody to VZV prior to transplantation, and consideration should be given to administration of the varicella vaccine prior to transplantation to solid-organ transplant candidates who have no history of prior VZV disease and are VZV seronegative. To complicate the matter, some pediatric liver and heart transplant recipients may exhibit chronic high EBV viral loads. Molecular diagnostics play a paramount role in the diagnosis and management of transplant recipients with infections caused by viruses. These methods have greatly enhanced diagnosis of viral infections due to the increase in speed and sensitivity compared to traditional antigen detection or culture methods. In addition, routine monitoring of transplant recipients for CMV, EBV, and BKV viremia using these methods has become the standard of care at many transplant centers, and this monitoring has facilitated earlier clinical interventions that have dramatically reduced morbidity caused by these viruses.
Inflammation Induces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells that Facilitate Tumor Progression

Epidemiological and experimental observations support the hypothesis that chronic inflammation contributes to cancer development and progression; however, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between inflammation and cancer are poorly understood. To study these mechanisms, we have transfected the mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β to produce a chronic inflammatory microenvironment at the tumor site. Mice with 4T1/IL-1β tumors have a decreased survival time and elevated levels of immature splenic Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived cells. These myeloid suppressor cells (MSC) are present in many patients with cancer and inhibit the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. 4T1/IL-1β-induced MSC do not express the IL-1R, suggesting that the cytokine does not directly activate MSC. Neither T or B cells nor NKT cells are involved in the IL-1β-induced increase of MSC because RAG2−/− mice and nude mice with 4T1/IL-1β tumors also have elevated MSC levels. MSC levels remain elevated in mice inoculated with 4T1/IL-1β even after the primary tumor is surgically removed, indicating that the IL-1β effect is long lived. Collectively, these findings suggest that inflammation promotes malignancy via proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, which enhance immune suppression through the induction of MSC, thereby counteracting immune surveillance and allowing the outgrowth and proliferation of malignant cells.
Evolution and distribution of the carbonic anhydrase gene families.

The reversible hydration of carbon dioxide occurs spontaneously, but when carbonic anhydrase (CA) is present the turnover number can exceed a million molecules per second. It is only in the recent past that it has become apparent just how widely the CAs are distributed in living organisms; nevertheless, eubacteria do exist, e.g. the minimal anaerobe, Mycoplasma genitalium (Fraser et al., 1995), that appear to lack a CA-encoding gene. It is also clear that three evolutionarily unrelated families of genes (α-CA, β-CA and γ-CA) encode the CAs.
An Adaptive Service Grid Architecture Using Dynamic Replica Management

As the Internet is evolving away from providing simple connectivity towards providing more sophisticated services, it is difficult to provide efficient delivery of high-demand services to end-users due to the dynamic sharing of the network and connected servers. To address this problem, we present the service grid architecture that incorporates dynamic replication and deletion of services. We have completed a prototype implementation of the architecture in Legion. The preliminary results show that our architecture can adapt to dynamically changing client demand in a timely manner. The results also demonstrate that our architecture utilizes system resources more efficiently than static replication system.
Regulated, but not constitutive, secretory proteins bind porcine chymotrypsinogen.

Endocrine and exocrine cells exhibit both a constitutive and a regulated secretory pathway. In the latter pathway, secretory proteins are stored at a high concentration in secretory granules and are released by exocytosis in response to appropriate external stimuli. Sorting between the two secretory pathways is believed to take place in the trans-Golgi tubular network. To account for experimental data, it has been proposed that sorting receptors exist which bind a variety of regulated secretory proteins, including foreign secretory proteins introduced into the cells by transfection. In support of the sorting receptor hypothesis Chung et al. (Chung, K.-N., Walter, P., Aponte, G. W., and Moore, H.-P.H. (1989) Science 243, 192-197) isolated a group of 25-kDa canine pancreatic "hormone-binding proteins" that bound regulated but not constitutive secretory proteins. To determine if similar proteins are present in other species and tissues, we have screened porcine pancreas, parathyroid, adrenal medulla, and pituitary glands. A 31-kDa protein, similar to that identified by Chung et al. (1989), which binds to regulated but not to constitutive secretory proteins was identified in porcine pancreas. This protein was not detected in the parathyroid, adrenal medulla, or pituitary glands, however, which argues against it serving as a general sorting receptor. NH2-terminal sequencing, immunoreactivity, and proteolytic activity data indicate that the porcine 31-kDa protein is similar if not identical to porcine chymotrypsinogen A or B.
Estados Penal y Deudor del Neoliberalismo: Especificando el neoliberalismo

El audaz intento de Loic Wacquant de ofrecer una nueva descripcion del Estado neoliberal esta lleno de ideas –muchas de las cuales puedo compartir. Pero el proposito de este ensayo es plantear cuestiones acerca de sus argumentos y, en algunos casos, impulsarlos en nuevas direcciones. Comienzo con una breve descripcion de su esquema del Estado neoliberal con el fin de esclarecer cuales son, desde mi punto de vista, las partes mas importantes de su argumento. Luego, dirijo una serie de comentarios y preguntas al respecto. En la medida en que su teoria se enfoca en la relacion del Estado neoliberal con las clases bajas, comienzo discutiendo esa relacion y su analisis del Estado penal, que el sostiene como un apendice fundamental del mas general Estado neoliberal. Esto es seguido por una discusion sobre el Estado neoliberal relacionado con las clases medias y altas. Aqui introduzco el concepto de Estado deudor, otro apendice el Estado neoliberal, pero que Wacquant pasa por alto a pesar de que ha tenido un impacto dramatico en el comportamiento de la clase media y posiblemente haber contribuido a sembrar las semillas de la desaparicion definitiva del Estado neoliberal en si mismo. Gran parte de esta discusion se centra en los Estados Unidos debido a que el lo considera el bastion del neoliberalismo. Concluyo con un comentario sobre su tendencia a sobre-generalizar acerca del Estado neoliberal y la omision de los diferentes efectos que el neoliberalismo ha tenido en distintos paises.
R U with Some1? Using Text Message Experience Sampling to Examine Television Coviewing as a Moderator of Emotional Contagion Effects on Enjoyment

Viewers regularly watch television with others, but the role of coviewing is often overlooked in entertainment effects models. Further, the models are rarely investigated in natural settings, limiting their ecological validity. The current study used experience sampling via text message to examine college students’ daily coviewing behaviors. Momentary assessments were taken 3 times a day for 1 week. Respondents reported their happiness during viewing and the enjoyableness of their experiences. Consistent with emotional contagion theory, data suggest that increases in emotional intensity mediated the effect of emotional contagion on program enjoyment, but only among respondents who reported coviewing with someone else. These results provide preliminary evidence that social context is partially responsible for contagious transfer of affect during entertainment experiences.
Alcohol and Cocaine Interactions and Aggressive Behaviors

This chapter presents (1) a review of several studies on the relationship between violent/aggressive behavior and the use of cocaine and/or the use of alcohol; and (2) findings from our study of cocaine-dependent men, illustrating deviant and violent behavior before and during cocaine addiction careers. As had been found in previous research, use of alcohol and cocaine seemed to increase the likelihood of the cocaine users in our sample engaging in deviant or violent behaviors. The extent of deviant or violent behavior, in our sample, during periods of cocaine use, periods of cocaine-alcohol use, periods of alcohol use only, and periods of abstinence for both alcohol and cocaine are discussed. Changes in the nature of the deviant or violent behaviors prior to and after the onset of cocaine addiction are also described.
Menstrual Disorders and Hyperandrogenism in Adolescence

The evaluation of menstrual disorders in adolescents requires special ­consideration. Adolescents are in the midst of developing physically and physiologically to achieve adult reproductive function. Thus, the normal variation in the age of onset of puberty and subsequent menarche should be taken into account when evaluating adolescent girls. Menarche will be delayed if puberty is delayed in onset.
Parental Educational Expectations for Adolescents with Disabilities

This study used a national sample (from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988) of 8th-grade students to examine the effects of child disability on parental educational expectations. Four types of disability conditions were included: visual impairment (n = 97), hearing impairment (n = 126), deafness (n = 38), and orthopedic impairment (n = 61). Controls without disabilities were also included. Although parental expectations were found to be higher for students with disabilities than for those without, student disability status (disabled versus nondisabled) did not contribute significantly to the ability to predict parental expectations. School performance, parent education, and race were found to similarly influence parental educational expectations for students with and without disabilities.
Trojan orbits II. Birkhoff's normalization

Abstract In the Restricted Problem of Three Bodies for the system Sun-Jupiter, all terms of short and long period up to degree 13 are eliminated from the Hamiltonian expanded in power series in the neighborhood of an equilateral center of libration. The normalizing canonical transformation expresses the Cartesian phase variables as double Fourier series in two angle coordinates whose coefficients are power series in the square roots of two action momenta. In the normalized part of the transformed Hamiltonian, the angle coordinates are ignorable. It is shown here how such a Birkhoff's normalization can be implemented automatically on a computer. As a first application, the characteristic exponents along the singular families of long and short period orbits originating at the equilibrium are developed as power series of the orbital parameter.
The Lived Experience of Haitian Older Adults' Integration Into a Senior Center in Southeast Florida

A phenomenological design using interviews of 16 Haitian older adults was undertaken to better understand the lived experience of older Haitians as they integrated into an established senior center. Responses to the questions were recorded and transcribed. Two themes emerged: (a) a feeling of being accepted into a new community and (b) hope for a good life in their new homeland. Although older adults who are recent immigrants have a harder time assimilating into a new culture than younger persons, programs can be developed to make this transition easier.
Using census aggregates to proxy for household characteristics: an application to vehicle ownership

Traditionally, researchers studying transportation choice have used data either acquired from household surveys or broad, region-wide aggregates. At the disaggregate level, researchers usually do not have access to important variables or observations. This study investigates the potential usefulness of a proxy approach to modeling discrete choice vehicle ownership: substituting narrow area-based aggregate proxies for missing micro-level explanatory variables by accessing large, publicly maintained datasets. We use data from the 2000 Bay Area Travel Survey (BATS) and the contemporaneous U.S. Census file to compare three models of vehicle ownership, drawing area-wide proxies from increasing levels of aggregation. The models with proxies are compared with a parallel model that uses only survey data. The results indicate that the proxy models are preferred in terms of model selection criteria, and predict vehicle ownership as well or better than the survey model. Parameter values produced by the proxy method effectively approximate those returned by household survey models in terms of coefficient sign and significance, particularly when the aggregate variables are representative of their household-level counterparts. The proxy model with the narrowest level of aggregation achieved the best fit, coefficient precision, and percentage of correct prediction.
The effect of sodium and calcium on the translocation of 14C-sucrose in excised cotton roots

The effect of sodium and calcium on the translocation of 14C-sucrose in excised cotton roots (Gossypium birsutum) was studied. The roots were allowed to elongate in a modified Guinn's medium that was very low in calcium (6.25 × 10−2 mM) and sodium (8.70 × 10−3 mM). After a period of six days the roots were transferred to 20 × 100 mm Petri dishes that contained 10 × 40 mm Petri dishes as center wells. The roots were draped over the edge of the center well and extended into the outer dish. The outer Petri dish and its center well contained the same solution except that sucrose was supplied only in the center well. The sucrose used was spiked with uniformally labeled 14C-sucrose. Four treatments were started which varied in their Na and Ca content. Three and six day harvests were taken and the amount of 14C that had moved from the distal (in the center well) to the apical root section (in the outer dish) was determined. Increasing substrate Na or Ca caused an increase in 14C-sucrose translocation and the effects of both ions were additive by the final harvest. These results were found to be independent of treatment effects on growth and respiration of the excised roots. These data support the conclusion that Na may partially substitute for Ca in carbohydrate translocation. Thus, roots supplied the Low Ca-High Na and High Ca-Low Na treatments had equal translocation rates over a six day period. The highest translocation rate was obtained with the High Ca-High Na treatment. Data from the High Ca-High Na treatment on two successive three day periods indicate that Na may have a role in translocation other than that associated with substitution for Ca, or maintenance of tissue hydration.
Relationships Between Phytoplankton Standing Crop and Physical, Chemical, and Biological Gradients in the Suwannee River and Plume Region, U.S.A.

The Suwannee River (USA) is an amber stained, nutrient rich, blackwater river which flows into relatively clear oceanic waters resulting in the formation of a coastal region with unique physical, chemical, and biological gradients. The intent of this study was to describe the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton as it relates to these gradients. Ten stations along a transect ranging from 5 km up river to 31 km offshore, were sampled during four different flow regimes. All four sampling periods included in our study of the Suwannee River and plume region exhibited a similar pattern of phytoplankton abundance; low phytoplankton biomass in the Suwannee River and offshore stations with an area of elevated biomass seaward of the Suwannee River outflow. The results of our analysis of light and nutrient limitation in the region support the hypothesis that this spatial pattern of phytoplankton abundance is strongly influenced by color dependent light limitation in the river and outflow area, combined with nutrient limitation offshore. Our results suggest that both light and nutrient availability control abundance and composition of phyto plankton in this coastal area.
Microscopic theory of the static structural properties and phase transformation of Ge

Abstract Using the atomic number as the only input, the static structural properties and the pressure-induced phase transformation of Ge are calculated within an ab initio density-functional pseudopotential scheme. Among a set of likely crystal structures, the diamond structure is found to be the most stable. The calculated lattice constant, cohesive energy, and bulk modulus are in excellent agreement with experiment, and the properties of the phase transformation to the β-tin structure under pressure accurately reproduced.
Economics, Esthetics, Environment, and Entomologists: The Tussock Moth Dilemma

The author reviews the life cycle and impact of Hemerocampa pseudotsugata McDunnough and the variety of known and assumed factors involved in the decision to use DDT during 1974 to control the outbreak in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. Potential alternate control procedures are listed. While the issue is complicated, fault is found in the response of agencies, environmentalists, and entomologists to the serious threat presented by this extensive outbreak of the tussock moth.
EFFECT OF RADIOTHYROIDECTOMY IN CHICKS WITH EMPHASIS ON GLYCOGEN BODY AND LIVER.

White Rock chicks injected with 1.5 mc I131/100 gm at 5 or 9 days and autopsied from 8 to 43 days later were considered severely hypothyroid by several criteria. Glycogen-body weight was reduced in one experiment but not in another. Glycogen concentration in the glycogen body was not affected. Liver weights of radiothyroidectomized birds were the same as the control, but on a per cent body weight basis the livers were significantly enlarged. Values for liver glycogen in the radiothyroidectomized birds were high and remained high in chicks fasted 18 hours. Radiothyroidectomy had little effect on blood glucose or muscle glycogen. Weights of testes, combs, and spleens were definitely decreased in the hypothyroid birds, whereas the adrenal weights were similar to the controls despite the marked body weight differences.
Protein A-coated erythrocyte binding to cell surface antigens: application to quantitate retrovirus infectivity in vitro.

Abstract Fibroblasts infected with murine leukemia virus (MuLV) bind erythrocytes coated with protein A to form rosettes in the presence of MuLV-specific antisera. This method, which is potentially applicable to any retrovirus and susceptible cell, has been specifically adapted as a focus assay for quantitating both ecotropic and xenotropic MuLV.
Living carbocationic polymerization

A new family of initiating systems has been discovered that efficiently induces the truly living polymerization of isobutylene (IB). The initiating systems are complexes of organic tertiary esters e.g., cumyl acetate, 2,4,4-trimethylpentane-2-acetate, with BCl3. Living polymerizations proceed very rapidly in a variety of solvents, i.e., CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, C2H5Cl, and mixtures of chlorinated solvents plus n-hexane, in the range from −10° to −50°C. The living nature of the polymerizations was demonstrated by linear ¯Mn versus WPIB (g of polymer formed) plots starting at the origin and horizontal N (number of PIB chains) versus WPIB plots. The DPn of the products obeys [Mo]/[Io] where [Mo] and [Io] are initial monomer and initiator concentrations, respectively. Conversions and initiator efficiencies are ∼100%. In carefully controlled experiments narrow molecular weight distribution polyisobutylenes (PIB) have been obtained, i.e., Mw/Mn=1.17 − 1.3. A mechanism is outlined that helps rationalize the findings. It is postulated that the living polymerization of IB initiated by organic tertiary ester·BCl3 complexes most likely proceeds by a two-component group transfer polymerization process.
Characterization of the simian varicella virus glycoprotein C, which is nonessential for in vitro replication.

The simian varicella virus (SVV) glycoprotein C (gC), which may play an important role in viral pathogenesis, shares extensive homology to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gC. The SVV gC gene includes two identical 83 base pair repeat elements which are conserved within the gC genes of epidemiologically distinct SVV isolates. Expression of the gC gene was confirmed by detection of viral gene products. Deletion of the gC gene and replacement with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene yields a SVVgC−/GFP mutant which replicates as efficiently as wild type virus, demonstrating the SVV gC gene is nonessential for in vitro replication.
Acne, Retinoids, and Dermabrasion

A group of nine patients with severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris were treated with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid and their acne cleared. During or after retinoid therapy, all patients underwent full-face dermabrasion. Postoperative healing was normal, and no significant complications were seen.
Routine detection and mitigation of dust using AIRS

ABSTRACT The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) has been operating since Sept. 2002 and AIRS radiance data is beingused operationally by several weather centers. A signicant fraction of AIRS observations are contaminated bydust blowo from arid areas. The almost continous spectral coverage of AIRS in both the 10-12 and 3.7 micronatmospheric windows allows excellent detection of the presence of dust. Dust signals can often survive the cloud-clearing process used in the retrieval system for AIRS, thereby contaminating the low-altitude temperature andwater vapor retrieval products. We present techniques being developed to both operationally detect and mitigatethe eects of dust on AIRS retrieval products. 1. INTRODUCTION The Atmospheric Infra-Red Sounder (AIRS) 1 was launched into polar orbit on board NASAs AQUA platformon May 4, 2002. This high resolution instrument uses a complex physically-based algorithm for the retrievalof atmospheric proles, and consequently is dependent on an accurate, and fast, radiative transfer algorithmfor computing clear-air radiances. Assuming that the forward model accuracy approaches the noise level of theinstrument, the high spectral resolution of AIRS coupled with its low noise should produce retrievals that are asgood, or better, than the worldwide operational radiosonde network, especially for moisture.AIRS has opened up a new era of high-spectral resolution infrared measurements of the earths surface andatmosphere. Although AIRS was primarily designed to provide improved temperature and humidity proles fornumerical weather prediction and long-term climate studies, AIRS radiances also contain a wealth of informationabout clouds
Denitrification by extremely halophilic bacteria

Extremely halophilic bacteria were isolated from widely separated sites by anaerobic enrichment in the presence of nitrate. The anaerobic growth of several of these isolates was accompanied by the production of nitrite, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen. These results are a direct confirmation of the existence of extremely halophilic denitrifying bacteria, and suggest that such bacteria may be common inhabitants of hypersaline environments.