cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Atomic Hydrogen with the Hydroxide- and Amine-Functionalized Si(100)-2×1 Surfaces: Accurate Modeling of Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions Using Density Functional Theory

Reactions of atomic hydrogen with the hydroxide- or amine-functionalized Si(100)-(2×1) surface provide a possible way of fabricating ultrathin layers of silicon oxide or silicon nitride. Modeling such radical reactions with popular density functionals such as B3LYP is known to have significant deficiencies. The M06 class of hybrid meta-density functionals presents a possible route to model these systems accurately. We have evaluated M06 for hydrogen abstraction reactions involving main group elements and compared the results to those from B3LYP and CCSD(T)//MP2 methods. M06 offers excellent efficiency and accuracy with a mean absolute deviation from CCSD(T) for hydrogen abstraction barriers of 1.3 kcal/mol as compared to 3.4 kcal/mol for B3LYP. Having established its accuracy, the M06 functional is subsequently used to understand atomic hydrogen-induced silicon oxide and silicon nitride layer formation, focusing on the dominant pathways for insertion into the silicon lattice’s uppermost layer. For oxygen,...
Exploring the viability of an attitudes toward ethical behavior scale in understanding police integrity outcomes

Purpose – Relying on a moral development theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the perceived seriousness of a particular behavior is a reflection of one’s broader attitudes toward ethical behaviors. Attitudes toward ethical behavior should provide both an elaborated explanation for the relationship between the perceived seriousness of a behavior and the likelihood of reporting a fellow officer for that behavior, as well as an alternative approach to the measurement and assessment of police integrity outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from a sample of 499 Philadelphia police officers, the current study uses a modified fifteen item ethics scale first developed by Hyams (1990) and used by others, in order to examine its relation to integrity outcomes. The paper provides a full descriptive and measurement analysis of the scale and then explores its utility in understanding integrity outcomes through a variety of hypothetical scenarios. Findings – While the perceived...
The remnants of coronary heart disease

Atherosclerosis and associated coronary heart disease (CHD) remain the largest cause of mortality in developed countries. Statins have been life-saving drugs for many, but CHD-associated mortality and morbidity have only been modestly reduced, demonstrating a clear need for additional therapeutic
Six In Vivo Assessments of Compulsive Behavior: A Validation Study Using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised.

Due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), movement toward multimodal assessment has become necessary to more precisely understand the nature of the disorder and interrelations between symptom clusters. Thus, the present study utilized large undergraduate samples (total N = 800) to test the validity of six in vivo assessments of OC symptoms (i.e., one ordering/arranging task, two contamination fear/washing tasks, and three checking tasks). Associations between task-specific variables and self-reported symptom scores (as measured by the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory–Revised [OCI-R]) were examined. The majority of the in vivo task variables (those presented in Studies 1-4) exhibited significant relationships with the corresponding OCI-R symptom subscale (i.e., ordering, washing, checking). However, many of the task variables demonstrated relationships with other OCI-R symptom subscales, as well. Some evidence for discriminant validity was found, as task variables we...
Robotic-Assisted Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction Bicompartmental knee replacement (BKR) may be an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for degenerative disease limited to two knee compartments. Most commonly, BKA is a combination of medial compartment and patellofemoral compartment resurfacing. In contrast to TKA, BKA preserves the uninvolved compartment and cruciate ligaments possibly leading to advanced stability and more physiologic knee kinematics. Robotic-assisted systems for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have shown to provide improved component positioning with dynamic ligament balancing that may improve outcomes of BKA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing BKA at a single institution by a single surgeon using a robotic-assisted system. Methods A search of the institution9s joint registry was conducted to identify patients that underwent robotic-assisted BKA of the patellofemoral compartment and the medial or lateral compartment between December 2009 and April 2012. All medical records were analyzed for patient demographics and comorbidities. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 6,12 months and then annually. The patients were contacted by phone when recent follow-up was not available. The radiographic assessment was also undertaken. The orientation of the tibial and femoral implants was assessed radiologically postoperatively. We examined the clinical results with the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) Results A total number of 29 patients (30 BKR) with a mean age of 63.6 years (range 39 to 82) were identified who received a patellofemoral resurfacing in combination with medial (25, 83%) or lateral (5, 17%) compartment resurfacing. The mean BMI was 33.7 kg/m 2 (range, 21.5 to 51.8), median Charlson comorbidity index score was 0, median American Society of Anaesthesiologists9 (ASA) classification was 3. The mean length of surgery was 40.2 minutes (range, 23 to 151). At a mean follow-up of 15 months (range, 2 to 54), 3 patients (10%, 2 patellofemoral and lateral compartment, 1 patellofemoral and medial compartment) underwent arthroscopic debridement of loose cement fragments following BKA. One patient (3%, patellofemoral and lateral compartment) received manipulation under anesthesia and botulinum neurotoxin injections into the hamstrings for postoperative flexion contracture and another patients (3%, patellofemoral and medial compartment) underwent open lateral retinacular release. There were no component revisions noted during the follow-up period. The preoperative oxford knee score improved from 26.4 to 33. Discussion Our analysis shows the bicompartmental knee replacement using robotics is a viable option when two out of three components are involved
La fenomenologia dels estats d’ànim en el llegat inèdit de Husserl. Notes per a la seva sistematització

L’objectiu d’aquest estudi es mostrar una possible sistematitzacio de l’experiencia dels estats d’anim ( Stimmungen ) en el llegat inedit de Husserl, particularment, en el projecte Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins . Amb aixo es preten ubicar els aspectes mes importants de la descripcio fenomenologica dels estats d’anim en referencia a la seva intencionalitat i a la idea de rerefons afectius de l’experiencia. Aixi, se suggereix la possibilitat de descriure els estats d’anim com una mena d’horitzons afectius a manera de referencies afectives implicites i de sentiments relatius a l’apercepcio concreta del mon circumdant.
Virtual Maintenance, Reality, and Systems: A Review

Virtual Reality is a computer-generated, mock environment that can allow people to interact with it in a seemingly real way by using certain types of specialized equipment. It is mainly used for training or educational purposes and allows for “real-life” training in a safe and monitored environment. Virtual training can be used in many different fields such as medical, military, biomedical research, aviation, and many others. However, this paper reviews the most cited publications related to the application of virtual reality for training in the United States Military. As a result, researchers can find research venues based on the challenges, risk, and infrastructures.
Optimization of Metglas 2605SA1 and PZT-5A magnetoelectric laminates for magnetic sensing applications

Via optimization of the mechanical coupling, alignment of Metglas® magnetic domains, relief of residual stress, and operation of the PZT-5A under a DC electric field of 2 kV/cm an unprecedented magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 9.52 V/cm-Oe is achieved; resulting to a magnetic field sensitivity of 150 pT at 20 Hz for a d 3 i Metglas®/PZT-5A laminate. Mechanical coupling is improved by reducing the thickness and porosity of the epoxy. The Metglas® residual stress reduction and easy axis alignment is accomplished by a 30 minute 400 °C anneal under a 1600 Oe magnetic field in vacuum. Finally, a DC electric field bias is applied to increase the <i3i coefficient of the PZT-5A piezoelectric.
A Nonclassical Model of a Type 2 Mixture with Vapor–Liquid, Liquid–Liquid, and Three-Phase Equilibria

A model with nonclassical exponents is developed for phase equilibria of a Type 2 mixture with vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE). Starting with a Leung–Griffiths model for a Type 1 mixture with only VLE, the model adds a Schofield parametric construction to describe LLE and a three-phase locus. Care is taken to suppress a spurious and artificial phase boundary. The model is applied to VLE data of carbon dioxide+methane. It is conjectured that this mixture upon cooling would undergo liquid–liquid separation, but it freezes before such “virtual LLE” can be observed. Experimental bubble curves and the LLE structure from a classical equation of state are accurately modeled.
Approximate Storage of Compressed and Encrypted Videos

The popularization of video capture devices has created strong storage demand for encoded videos. Approximate storage can ease this demand by enabling denser storage at the expense of occasional errors. Unfortunately, even minor storage errors, such as bit flips, can result in major visual damage in encoded videos. Similarly, video encryption, widely employed for privacy and digital rights management, may create long dependencies between bits that show little or no tolerance to storage errors.In this paper we propose VideoApp, a novel and efficient methodology to compute bit-level reliability requirements for encoded videos by tracking visual and metadata dependencies within encoded bitstreams. We further show how VideoApp can be used to trade video quality for storage density in an optimal way. We integrate our methodology into a popular H.264 encoder to partition an encoded video stream into multiple streams that can receive different levels of error correction according to their reliability needs. When applied to a dense and highly error-prone multi-level cell storage substrate, our variable error correction mechanism reduces the error correction overhead by half under the most error-intolerant encoder settings, achieving quality/density points that neither compression nor approximation can achieve alone. Finally, we define the basic invariants needed to support encrypted approximate video storage. We present an analysis of block cipher modes of operation, showing that some are fully compatible with approximation, enabling approximate and secure video storage systems.
l-Proline and RNA Duplex m-Value Temperature Dependence.

The temperature dependence of l-proline interactions with the RNA dodecamer duplex surface exposed after unfolding was quantified using thermal and isothermal titration denaturation monitored by uv-absorbance. The m-value quantifying proline interactions with the RNA duplex surface area exposed after unfolding was measured using RNA duplexes with GC content ranging between 17 and 83%. The m-values from thermal denaturation decreased with increasing GC content signifying increasingly favorable proline interactions with the exposed RNA surface area. However, m-values from isothermal titration denaturation at 25.0 °C were independent of GC content and less negative than those from thermal denaturation. The m-value from isothermal titration denaturation for a 50% GC RNA duplex decreased (became more negative) as the temperature increased and was in nearly exact agreement with the m-value from thermal denaturation. Since RNA duplex transition temperatures increased with GC content, the more favorable proline i...
DIRECT ESTIMATION OF GENETIC LIABILITY FOR MENTAL ILLNESS USING ENDOPHENOTYPES

Abstract The concept of continuous liability underlies most inferential procedures that are used in complex disease genetics. Statistical genetic methods often attempt to take dichotomous affection status information and project it onto the unobservable liability scale. For substance abuse or any other disorder, this inference about individual genetic liability is often coarse unless additional information can be incorporated. In this talk, I propose a model that leads to improved estimation of individual genetic liability for substance abuse. It incorporates quantitative endophenotypes that are both heritable and genetically correlated with the diagnosis of substance abuse. Family-based designs are optimal for inferences regarding genetic liability since substantial additional information can be drawn from correlated information known about the liability distribution in related individuals. After reviewing the statistical framework required for the multivariate polygenic architecture of affection status and endophenotypes, I develop a best linear unbiased prediction scheme for estimating the genetic liability underlying each endophenotype. Based upon the observed genetic covariance matrix, a multivariate informed single index of genetic liability can be estimated. This index is theoretically largely free of environmental influence and should better represent the true genetic liability for each individual. The resulting liability index can be used as the core phenotype for subsequent analyses searching for specific causal genes and functional genetic variants of relevance to psychiatric disease. As an example, I utilize data from 1,628 Mexican American individuals who are members of large extended pedigrees from the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function Study. Estimates of individual genetic liability for major depressive disorder will be used as examples employing endophenotypes derived from cognitive performance and MRI-based measures of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Once estimated, I show how the liability estimates can then be used to search for likely functional non-synonymous deleterious variants that influence addictive behavior by exploiting the extensive whole genome sequence information that we have for this study. The proposed estimation of disease liability using additional information from endophenotypes represents a novel way to explicitly incorporate endophenotypic information into analyses while retaining a direct focus on the genetic basis of the disease itself.
Ten challenges in CAD cyber education

The advancement of technology and its application to the field of education has caused many to re-examine the merits and pitfalls of cyberlearning environments. Though there is a wealth of research...
Critical Chemistry Education in a Private, Suburban High School.

This critical ethnography documents how a group of 25 students and their teacher/researcher in a suburban, private school setting, the vast majority from the dominant cultural background, engaged with and enacted a critical chemistry education together. Critical chemistry education contextualizes chemistry in socially relevant issues and problematizes participants’ conceptual frameworks for understanding the intersections between chemistry and our capitalist society by identifying the shortcomings of traditional scientific language to sufficiently interrogate privilege and oppression. Qualitative data from teacher/researcher field notes and journal, classroom video transcripts, questionnaires, focus group interviews, and student artifacts document that while it is difficult for the teacher/researcher and the students of this setting to reflect upon their own positions of privilege, together they interpreted and made meaning of their experience by (1) developing the ability to critically analyze the products of science for the potential of oppression, (2) developing an understanding of inequity in science, and (3) evaluating and respecting diverse knowledge bases. Based on the findings, we suggest students should be encouraged to problematize socially situated science issues related to settings close to their own communities, students should participate in structured and purposeful journaling to improve their metacognition and critical reflexivity, and critical pedagogues must be explicit with students in their Marxist-based interpretation of the global capitalist super structure.
The Uniformity of Head Marking in Inflectional Morphology

The usual expectation is that a word’s inflectional markings will be linearly and hierarchically outside of any derivational or compounded formatives which that word contains. Nevertheless, there is a large and systematic class of exceptions to this generalization. For instance, Sanskrit has a set of ‘preverbs’ (which generally also serve independently as adverbs or adpositions) which can be combined with a verb to form a new, compound verb: thus, the verb root pat- ‘fly’ combines with the preverb ni ‘down’ to produce the compound verb root ni-pat- ‘fly down’; as this example suggests, the preverb usually has the semantic effect of an adverb (though in many instances, the compound comes to acquire an idiosyncratic meaning not directly deducible from the meanings of its parts, e.g. pra ‘forward, forth’ + labh- ‘to seize’ → pralabh- ‘to cheat, deceive, befool’). When one of these compound verb roots inflects, the inflection is realized on the original root heading the compound. This is particularly evident in those tenses that require the preterite prefix a(the so-called ‘augment’). Thus, in the 3sg imperfect active form of ni-pat-, the inflectional marking is linearly and hierarchically inside of the compounded formative ni: ny-a-patat. Similarly, third-conjugation verbs form their present tense stem by means of initial reduplication, and in the present tense stem of a compound verb belonging to the third conjugation, the reduplication is invariably realized on the original root, inside the preverb; thus, the 3sg present indicative active form of the third-conjugation compound verb pari-dhā- ‘put around’ is pari-da-dhāti.
Putting Ratios into a Firm Value Context for Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship Students

Ratio analysis is generally presented as something that has to be calculated after completing other financial statements and is generally viewed, particularly by students, as busy-work with little value. This paper changes the context of ratio analysis in order to demonstrate how a focus on the information provided by ratios adds to the value of the firm. By dissecting the valuation of a publicly traded firm using a price to earnings ratio multiplier, value generating factors in the form of ratios, can be inferred for smaller non-publicly traded ventures.
On the realization of semi-simple lie algebras with quantum canonical variables

An analysis is done about the realization of semi-simple Lie algebras in the field of quotients of the Heisenberg algebra. An explicit solution is given forAlandCl.
Quantitation of Benzodiazepines and Metabolites in Urine by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are central nervous system depressants that are prescribed to prevent seizures, manage anxiety, or help sleep. When misused, BZDs can lead to addiction and sometimes cause death. Measurement of BZDs in urine is used to identify their use, especially in pain management settings. LC-MS/MS is preferred for these measurements because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we report an LC-MS/MS assay for measuring 7 BZDs and metabolites in urine. Methods: Urine sample was incubated at 60 °C for 30 min after addition of internal standards and a β-glucuronidase solution. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with methanol and water before being injected onto a C18 analytical column in an LC-MS/MS system for quantification. The analytical time between injections was 4.35 min. The analytes included 7-aminoclonazepam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, α-hydroxytriazolam, oxazepam, lorazepam, nordiazepam, and temazepam. Results: The lower limit of quantification ranged from 30 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL with an analytical recovery >80% for all 7 analytes. Total CV was R > 0.96) with the GC-MS method. Conclusions: The LC-MS/MS assay allows accurate and precise measurement of 7 BZDs and metabolites in a single analytical run with a short analytical run time and broad measuring ranges.
Systemic Risk 10 Years Later

Ten years ago, the financial crisis spurred research focused on systemic risk. This article examines the history and application of the SRISK measure, which was developed at that time and is now wi...
Chance Constrained Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

The uncertainties from deepening penetration of renewable energy resources have already shown to impact not only the market operations, but also the physical operations in large power systems. It is demonstrated that deterministic modeling of wind would lead to voltage insecurity in the reality where wind fluctuates. This could render deterministic control of reactive power ineffective. As an alternative, we propose a chance-constrained formulation of optimal reactive power dispatch which considers the uncertainties from both renewables and contingencies. This formulation of a chance constrained optimal reactive power dispatch (cc-ORPD) offers system operators an effective tool to schedule voltage support devices such that the system voltage security can be ensured with quantifiable level of risk. The cc-ORPD problem is a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) problem with a joint chance constraint and is extremely challenging to solve. Using the Big-M approach and linearized power flow equations, the original cc-ORPD problem is approximated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, which is efficiently solvable. Case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 24-bus system to investigate the optimal operating schedule under uncertainties and the out-of-sample violation probability.
The Role of Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Ischemia

The effect of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion on vascular responses and endothelin (ET) content in cerebrospinal fluid was investigated in the presence and absence of Nω-nitro-l-arginine (NLA), the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor. A single intraperitoneal injection of NLA (4h prior to the induction of ischemia) stereospecifically increased systemic blood pressure (SBP) and reduced the transient, initial (early) recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, NLA treatment did not significantly affect the late hypoperfusion observed in either Ringer’s- or Nω-nitro-d-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME)-treated animals. Both the early and late hypoperfusion coincided with the increased content of ET-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid. These findings strongly suggest that endogenously released ET-1 is responsible for the observed postischemic hypoperfusion.
ACOG Simulation Working Group: A Needs Assessment of Simulation Training in OB/GYN Residencies and Recommendations for Future Research

Objective To evaluate current availability and needs of simulation training among obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) residency programs. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited OB/GYN residency programs in the United States. Participants Residency program directors, gynecology simulation faculty, obstetrics simulation faculty, and fourth-year residents. Results Of 673 invited participants, 251 (37.3%) completed the survey. Among the survey responses, OB procedures were more broadly represented compared to the GYN procedures for simulation teaching: 8 (50%) of 16 OB procedures versus 4 (18.2%) of 22 GYN procedures had simulation teaching. Among the simulated procedures, a majority of residents and faculty reported that simulation teaching was available for operative vaginal delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, perineal laceration repair, conventional laparoscopic procedures, and robotic surgery. There were significant differences between residents and faculty perceptions regarding the availability and needs of simulated procedures with a minority of residents having knowledge of Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (47.2%) and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (27.8%) simulation tools compared to the majority of faculty (84.7% and 72.1%, respectively). More than 80% of trainees and faculty reported they felt the average graduating resident could perform vaginal, laparoscopic, and abdominal hysterectomies independently. Conclusions Simulation is now widely available for both gynecologic and obstetric procedures, but there remains tremendous heterogeneity between programs and the perceptions of residents, program directors, and faculty. The variations in simulation training and readiness for performing different procedures following residency support the need for objective, validated assessments of actual performance to better guide resident learning and faculty teaching efforts.
Older adults and the disparity in oral health status; the problem and innovative ways to address it.

The impact of oral health inequalities on one’s ability to maintain good oral health is cumulative throughout life and accentuated in older age groups. While studies on factors influencing the decisions made by elders to seek dental care have been conducted in Israel and worldwide, the issue of access to and provision of dental care is complex. However, the need to address oral health issues is being voiced in high-level international meetings and there was never a better momentum to rethink the current oral health care delivery model beyond issues related solely to accessibility. Here we outline unique opportunities to ensure sustainable models of preventive services and oral health the effects of which would be amplified in concert with increases in the availability universal dental healthcare.
Analysis of System-Level ESD-Induced Soft Failures in a CMOS Microcontroller

This article presents a root-cause investigation of system-level electrostatic discharge-induced soft failures in a semi-custom microcontroller test chip. Sources of failures include clock glitches, reset glitches, and bit flips in memory. The affected circuit blocks are identified with the aid of a scan chain and memory read-out programs; on-chip voltage monitors allow us to establish whether those failures are correlated with the power supply noise. Simulations are used to study the spatial extent of the noise on the power nets and the signal pins. The effect of down-bonding on the supply noise is investigated using both measurement and simulation.
Binary Mixtures of Aromatic Compounds (n-Propylbenzene, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene) with 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane: Densities, Viscosities, Speeds of Sound, Bulk Moduli, Surface Tensions, and Flash Points at 0.1 MPa

This study presents measured densities, viscosities, speeds of sound, surface tensions, and flash points and calculated bulk moduli of mixtures of 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane with C9H12 isomers (1...
Bank Bargains and Institutional Degeneration

Most of the analyses on the economic crisis in Spain have concerned themselves with phenomena like mismanaged banks, excessive debts, the bubble in the real estate sector, or the loss of competitiveness. Others have sought to explain the crisis as a by-product of European Monetary Union (EMU) integration. This chapter moves beyond those explanations and argues that a fundamental reason for the economic and financial crises is rooted in the process of institutional degeneration that preceded the crisis. It analyzes the deteriorating performance of Spanish institutions to explain that reversal.
Leptogenesis from the Asymmetric Texture

We investigate nonresonant thermal leptogenesis in the context of the $SU(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathcal{T}}_{13}$ ``asymmetric texture'', where both Dirac and Majorana $CP$ violation arise from a single phase in the tribimaximal seesaw mixing matrix. We show that the baryon asymmetry of the universe can be explained in this model only when flavor effects are considered for right-handed neutrino masses of $\mathcal{O}({10}^{11}--{10}^{12})\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. The sign of the baryon asymmetry also determines the sign of the previously predicted Dirac $\overline{)CP}$ phase $|{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{CP}|=1.32\ensuremath{\pi}$, consistent with the latest global fit ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{CP}^{\mathrm{PDG}}=1.37\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17\ensuremath{\pi}$.
Full-spark frames arising from one-parameter groups

The present paper provides a procedure for constructing full-spark Parseval frames arising from the linear action of a 1-parameter group acting in R n . Precisely, given a square matrix A of order ...
Metaphors of Visibility: Rhetorical Practices in the Normalization of Individual Online Image Management:

Online image management has become a routine component of contemporary self-presentation. While popular media have concentrated on covering issues related to privacy, individuals in a social enviro...
Manganese-catalyzed aziridination of olefins with chloramine-T in water and buffered aqueous solutions

Abstract A water-soluble, manganese-porphyrin complex was used to catalytically generate aziridines from olefins in moderate to good yields (up to 93%) upon optimization at room temperature and in aqueous media. Reactions using chloramine-T at slightly acidic to neutral pH values showed generally higher catalytic yields. Attempts to integrate this catalytic system into a DNA hybrid catalyst system to support asymmetric aziridination showed little promise, where steric bulk in the axial positions from activation of chloramine-T by this Mn-heme complex may influence its ability to associate with double-stranded DNA.
Clinical 7-T MRI for neuroradiology: strengths, weaknesses, and ongoing challenges

Since the relatively recent regulatory approval for clinical use in both Europe and North America, 7-Tesla (T) MRI has been adopted for clinical practice at our institution. Based on this experience, this article reviews the unique features of 7-T MRI neuroimaging and addresses the challenges of establishing a 7-T MRI clinical practice. The underlying fundamental physics principals of high-field strength MRI are briefly reviewed. Scanner installation, safety considerations, and artifact mitigation techniques are discussed. Seven-tesla MRI case examples of neurologic diseases including epilepsy, vascular abnormalities, and tumor imaging are presented to illustrate specific applications of 7-T MRI. The advantages of 7-T MRI in conjunction with advanced neuroimaging techniques such as functional MRI are presented. Seven-tesla MRI produces more detailed information and, in some cases, results in specific diagnoses where previous 3-T studies were insufficient. Still, persistent technical issues for 7-T scanning present ongoing challenges for radiologists.
Sources of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictability of atmospheric rivers and precipitation in the western United States

Author(s): Huang, H; Patricola, CM; Bercos-Hickey, E; Zhou, Y; Rhoades, A; Risser, MD; Collins, WD | Abstract: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for a large portion of winter precipitation in the western US. To evaluate the sources of AR and precipitation predictability at subseasonal-to-seasonal timescales, we examine the relationships between two climate modes, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), and winter hydroclimate in the western US. Our analysis uses a large ensemble of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model simulations from 1981 to 2017, facilitating the assessment of uncertainty in climate mode-AR relationship due to climate variability and short length of observations. Over the North Pacific basin, we find ENSO-related latitudinal shifts of ARs, but ENSO has little effect on basin-wide averaged AR frequency. Over the western US, there is some uncertainty in the ENSO-AR connection due to the impacts of ENSO indices and datasets. However, extreme El Nino events defined by the ENSO longitude index are consistently linked to increased landfalling AR activity. The MJO can lead to significantly enhanced or suppressed landfalling AR activity in the large-ensembles, depending on the phase of MJO and time lag, while observations are too short in length to robustly show this signal. ENSO substantially modulates the MJO-AR relationship, triggering variegated responses of landfalling ARs and AR precipitation in La Nina and El Nino years. Our findings highlight the need to evaluate concurrent effects of different climate modes on ARs and precipitation, and may shed light on a path toward more accurate subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction of ARs and precipitation over the western US.
Is Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease Spelled "ATV(N)"?

There is consensus that Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRDs) are characterized primarily by proteinopathies of β-amyloid (A) and hyperphosphorylated tau (T) accumulation posited to underlie neurodegeneration (N). These hallmarks form the basis of the ATN framework for studying AD1 but are often insufficient to describe the composition of cerebral pathology present for the vast majority of older adults. The vascular contributions to AD, especially those that involve systemic and cerebral circulation, are important factors in our understanding of ADRD pathogenesis, yet they are often understudied.2
Interspecific Competition Between Idiobiont Larval Parasitoids of Emerald Ash Borer

New associations between parasitoid species is common in biological control with interactions ranging from coexistence to competitive exclusion. Spathius agrili and Spathius galinae, native to North East Asia, are two host-specific idiobiont larval parasitoids of the invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis that do not overlap in their native ranges but have been recently introduced to the United States for biocontrol of A. planipennis. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the results of competition between these two species. Competition between parasitoid larvae on a single host (intrinsic competition) and competition between adult parasitoids for oviposition sites (extrinsic competition) were evaluated. Successful multiparasitism did not occur in any intrinsic trials. Extrinsic competition favored S. agrili, but S. galinae was not excluded. Competition lowered parasitism rates for both species, but overall parasitism was not lowered.
Effects of delayed winter harvest on biomass yield and quality of napiergrass and energycane

Abstract Napiergrass ( Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) and energycane ( Saccharum hyb.) are perennial grasses that are well-suited for biomass production in the southeastern USA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of delayed winter harvest on biomass yield and quality of these grasses. The study was conducted on two adjacent sites near Midville, GA. Each site used a split-plot design with four replications, with species as the main plot, and harvest times (December, January, or February) as sub-plots. Dry matter (DM) yields were measured by mechanical harvesting, and a sample of biomass was taken from each harvest for determination of ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Biomass moisture, N, P, K, and ash mass fractions were also measured. Energycane DM yields were stable from December (46.8 Mg ha −1 ) to January (42.9 Mg ha −1 ), but then declined (36.8 Mg ha −1 ), while napiergrass yields declined sharply from December (47.0 Mg ha −1 ) to January (35.0 Mg ha −1 ). Napiergrass moisture mass fraction was reduced by an average of 18% in February harvests compared to December. Mass fractions of N, K, and ash tended to decrease with later harvesting, but sometimes increased due to changes in biomass composition. Delaying harvest of napiergrass from December to January reduced N removal by an average of 144 kg ha −1 , while delaying harvest of energycane to February reduced N removal by an average of 54 kg ha −1 . In SSF, later-harvested energycane produced less ethanol per unit of DM while napiergrass was less affected by harvest date.
Case 59: A New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in the Recovery Room

You have anesthetized a 68-year-old female (62 kg, 5 ft 8 in.) for an inguinal hernia repair. Her past history was significant for a 30-year smoking history, hypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. There had been no past history of cardiac arrhythmias. The preoperative EKG was normal. The patient and her daughter were very nervous about the general anesthetic, but the patient refused a monitored anesthetic care plan (IV sedation and the liberal use of local anesthetic by the surgeon). The patient has never had a general anesthetic or surgical procedure before. After placing the IV in her left hand, you sedate her with midazolam up to 4 mg. The general anesthetic with an LMA was uneventful. The operation lasted for 70 min and she was given 2 L of IV crystalloids. Her vital signs remained stable throughout. The urine output was not measured and the blood loss was less than 100 mL.
Nora’s lesion: Case report and literature review of a bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation of a small finger

A case of a left small finger tumour that was diagnosed on histopathological review as Nora’s lesion (bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation) is reported. There have been fewer than 150 cases reported in the literature to date and its pathophysiology is yet to be defined. Due to its rare presentation, Nora’s lesion can easily go unrecognized and therefore inappropriately managed.
Does formality matter?: Effects of employee clothing formality on consumers' service quality expectations and store image perceptions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, this study aims to understand whether and how sales employee clothing style would influence consumers' perceptions of store image through their expectations of service quality. Second, this study hopes to uncover how fashion orientation would influence the aforementioned relationship.Design/methodology/approach – A 3 (formality of employee clothing: formal vs moderate vs casual) × 2 (level of fashion orientation: low vs high) between‐subject experiment design was conducted. Data were collected from 105 university students in a laboratory setting.Findings – Results indicated that formality of employee clothing (i.e. formal business, moderate, or casual attire) served as a cue in the retail environment for consumers to make inferences about the service quality expected to be provided by the sales employee. Furthermore, formality of employee clothing both directly and indirectly influenced consumers' perceptions of store image.Research limitations/implic...
Religion and Modern Society: Citizenship, Secularisation and the State

Religion is now high on the public agenda, with recent events focusing the world's attention on Islam in particular. This book provides a unique historical and comparative analysis of the place of religion in the emergence of modern secular society. Bryan S. Turner considers the problems of multicultural, multi-faith societies and legal pluralism in terms of citizenship and the state, with special emphasis on the problems of defining religion and the sacred in the secularisation debate. He explores a range of issues central to current debates: the secularisation thesis itself, the communications revolution, the rise of youth spirituality, feminism, piety and religious revival. Religion and Modern Society contributes to political and ethical controversies through discussions of cosmopolitanism, religion and globalisation. It concludes with a pessimistic analysis of the erosion of the social in modern society and the inability of new religions to provide 'social repair'.
Abstract 257: Combining the Initial Four B Score and Continuous EEG to Predict Survival After Cardiac Arrest

Background: Outcome prediction after cardiac arrest is a challenging problem and multiple tests should be performed to predict outcome accurately. We tested whether the combination of initial brainstem reflex examination (FOUR_B score) and continuous EEG were superior to either test alone for predicting survival after cardiac arrest. Methods: Review of consecutive patients receiving continuous EEG monitoring between April 2010 and June 2013. Patients were divided into three groups according to initial FOUR_B score; FOUR_B = 0-1, FOUR_B = 2 and FOUR_B = 4. A blinded rater dichotomized continuous EEG patterns during the first 48 hours into malignant patterns (non-convulsive status epilepticus, convulsive status epilepticus, myoclonic status epilepticus and generalized periodic epileptiform discharges). The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Results: Of 380 subjects, 45 were excluded (44 missing initial FOUR_B score, 1 with age of 16 years). Mean (SD) age was 58 (17) and 208 (62.1%) subjects were male. Ventricular fibrillation was initial rhythm for 95 (28.4%) subjects. Survival to hospital discharge rate was 7.8% for FOUR_B 0-1, 32.0% for FOUR_B 2 and 51.9% for FOUR_B 4, respectively. Among subjects with malignant cEEG, survival to hospital discharge rate was 0% for FOUR_B 0-1, 8.1% for FOUR_B 2 and 12.5% for FOUR_B 4, respectively. All 42 subjects with no pupillary light reflex, no corneal reflex and malignant cEEG, had poor outcome (false positive rate 0; 95% CI, 0-7%). In the multivariate analysis, survival was independently associated with shockable rhythm (OR 5.76; 95% C.I. 2.88-11.54), FOUR_B 2 (OR 7.36; 95% C.I. 2.83-19.90), FOUR_B 4 (OR 8.99; 95% C.I. 3.58-22.56) and non-malignant cEEG (OR 19.91; 95% C.I. 6.44-61.51). Conclusion: Initial FOUR_B score and malignant cEEG pattern were independently associated with survival to hospital discharge. All subjects who have no pupillary light reflex, no corneal reflex and malignant cEEG did not survive to hospital discharge.
Subthreshold photoionization of CH3I in Ar, N2 and CO2

We present pressure-dependent subthreshold photoionization spectra of CH3I doped into varying number densities of the perturber gases Ar, N2 and CO2. The intensity of the observed subthreshold structure is discussed in terms of two different interactions, namely electron attachment and associative ionization. Effective rate constants for these two processes are analyzed, and the variation in these constants is discussed in terms of the properties of the dopant excited state.
Effect Sizes in Qualitative Research: A Prolegomenon

The American Psychological Association Task Force recommended that researchers always report and interpret effect sizes for quantitative data. However, no such recommendation was made for qualitative data. Thus, the first objective of the present paper is to provide a rationale for reporting and interpreting effect sizes in qualitative research. Arguments are presented that effect sizes enhance the process of verstehen/hermeneutics advocated by interpretive researchers. The second objective of this paper is to provide a typology of effect sizes in qualitative research. Examples are given illustrating various applications of effect sizes. For instance, when conducting typological analyses, qualitative analysts only identify emergent themes; yet, these themes can be quantitized to ascertain the hierarchical structure of emergent themes. The final objective is to illustrate how inferential statistics can be utilized in qualitative data analyses. This can be accomplished by treating words arising from individuals, or observations emerging from a particular setting, as sample units of data that represent the total number of words/observations existing from that sample member/context. Heuristic examples are provided to demonstrate how inferential statistics can be used to provide more complex levels of verstehen than is presently undertaken in qualitative research.
Contingency structures and concept analysis

Formal Concept Analysis has found many uses in knowledge representation and data mining, but its penetration into established data-based research disciplines has been slower. Marrying application motivations, structures, and methods from epidemiology and the mathematical formalisms of FCA, we define Generalized Contingency Structures and Tagged Contingency Structures, two new objects that generalize the contingency table, an ad hoc data summarization device in epidemiology, to a mathematical object with well-understood structure. We have extended the FCA repertoire by adding to the Formal Context an associated structure that we call a Tag Context, which formally incorporates important kinds of background knowledge. We illustrate the motivation and use of these new ideas, formats, and objects with some brief examples.
A Brief Review and Assessment of the Leegin Decision: Who Wins and Who Loses When Manufacturers Are Free to Set Retail Prices?

For decades, it has been a per se violation of U.S. antitrust law for manufacturers or distributors to specify retail selling prices. In the spirit of atomistic, unrestrained competition, retailers were free to set prices without undue interference from upstream channel participants. Attempts by manufacturers or other channel participants to restrict retail price setting initiatives were viewed by regulators as an unwarranted and illegal interference with the market mechanism. Restrictions on price setting initiatives would, it was argued, lessen competition and ultimately raise prices above competitive levels to the detriment of consumers. Recently, under the leadership of newly appointed Chief Justice Roberts, a more “business friendly” Supreme Court has reversed this policy; vertical price fixing is no longer a per se violation of U.S. antitrust law. By a five-to-four margin, the Court held in Leegin Creative Leather Products that manufacturers could, under certain circumstances, establish binding retail selling prices. Henceforth, retail price setting restrictions will be subject to a rule of reason evaluation whereby price restrictions will be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Proponents of the now-legal restrictions argue that this will ensure that merchandise sold through retail outlets will receive needed support, free riding will be reduced or eliminated, and new brand introduction will be facilitated. Critics argue that the Court's decision marks a return to the days of fair trading; marginal firms will be protected, so-called “inframarginal consumers” will be forced to pay for services they do not want or need, and prices for many branded products will rise, all to the detriment of consumer welfare.
The anti-inflammatory effects of manniflavanone extracted from Garcinia buchananii bark in obesity-induced mice model (259.3)

The stem bark of Garcinia buchananii trees is used traditionally to treat diarrhea, dysentery, weight control, and diabetes in Africa. We investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity...