cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients

In order to evaluate possible abnormal noradrenergic neuronal functional regulation in patients with panic disorder, the behavioral, biochemical and cardiovascular effects of intravenous yohimbine (0.4 mg/kg) and clonidine (2 micrograms/kg) were determined in 15 healthy subjects and 38 patients with panic disorder. A subgroup of 24 panic disorder patients were observed to experience yohimbine-induced panic attacks and had larger yohimbine-induced increases in plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) than healthy subjects and other panic disorder patients. A blunted growth hormone response to clonidine and a significant clonidine-induced decrease in plasma MHPG was also observed in this subgroup of panic disorder patients. These data replicate and extend previous investigations, which are consistent with a large body of preclinical and human data relating increased noradrenergic neuronal function to human anxiety and fear states.
Spectral/finite-element calculations of the flow of a Maxwell fluid between eccentric rotating cylinders

Abstract The steady-state, two-dimensional creeping flow of an Upper-Convected Maxwell fluid between two eccentric cylinders, with the inner one rotating, is computed using a spectral/finite-element method (SFEM). The SFEM is designed to alleviate the numerical oscillations caused by excessive dispersion error in previous finite-element calculations and to resolve the stress boundary-layers that exist for high elasticity, as measured by the Deborah number De . Calculations for cylinders with low eccentricity (ϵ = 0.1) converged to oscillation-free solutions for De ≈ 90, extending the domain of convergence over traditional finite-element methods by a factor of thirty. The results are confirmed by extensive refinement of the discretization. At high De , steep radial boundary layers form in the stress, which match closely with those predicted by asymptotic analysis. Calculations at higher eccentricity require extreme refinement of the discretization to resolve the variations in the stress field in both the radial and azimuthal directions associated with the existence of the recirculation region. Results for ϵ = 0.4 show that the recirculation region present for the Newtonian fluid ( De = 0) shrinks and then grows with increasing De . Calculations for ϵ = 0.4 are terminated by a limit point near DeL ≈ 7.24 for the finest discretization used. The Fourier series approximations are not convergent for this mesh, so the limit point must be considered to be an artifact of the discretization.
A multi-resolution approach to non-rigid registration of microscopy images

Images collected by intravital microscopy suffer from motion artifacts which necessitates the use of image registration techniques to reconstruct three-dimensional or time series data. In this paper, we describe a multi-resolution/multi-level approach to non-rigid image registration using B-splines with a coarse-to-fine strategy. A control lattice with a coarse grid spacing is used first to account for slowly changing deformations. Next, a control lattice with a finer grid spacing is used to account for more localized and quickly changing deformations. We demonstrate this method on a sequence of images acquired from the lung of a living rat.
In situ mechanical property measurements of amorphous carbon–boron nitride nanotube nanostructures

To understand the mechanical properties of amorphous carbon (a-C)/boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) nanostructures, in situ mechanical tests are conducted inside a transmission electron microscope equipped with an integrated atomic force microscope system. The nanotube structure is modified with amorphous carbon deposited by controlled electron beam irradiation. We demonstrate multiple in situ tensile, compressive, and lap shear tests with a-C/BNNT hybrid nanostructures. The tensile strength of the a-C/BNNT hybrid nanostructure is 5.29 GPa with about 90 vol% of a-C. The tensile strength and strain of the end-to-end joint structure with a-C welding is 0.8 GPa and 5.2% whereas the lap shear strength of the side-by-side joint structure with a-C is 0.25 GPa.
Experiences of families with a child, adolescent, or young adult with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibroma evaluated for clinical trials participation at the National Cancer Institute.

Abstract Background With increasing knowledge of the molecular pathways contributing to the progression of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-related plexiform neurofibroma (PN), the number of clinical trials for PNs has increased. However, little is known about the experiences of families with children with NF1 participating in clinical trials. Method A 47-item anonymous survey, designed to assess experiences in research, was sent to parents with a child with NF1 and PNs who was evaluated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for a clinical trial. Results Sixty-four (85%) parents completed the paper or online questionnaire. Fifty-nine percent of the children were male; 44% were 11 years or older upon enrollment. Most parents reported understanding the purpose of the study, possible side effects, and their right to withdraw. Of respondents whose child had participated in a placebo-controlled trial, 100% said they understood the reason for the placebo at least somewhat. Seventy-four percent felt that study participation helped their child; most would “definitely” or “probably” participate in a future study, including a placebo-controlled trial, and particularly those assessing cognitive functioning or pain. Overall satisfaction with participation was high and correlated with fewer transportation problems, fewer study-related financial difficulties, and fewer school problems for the child (ps Conclusions Most parents of children with NF1 who participated in research at the NCI reported a positive impact and would participate in future studies. Respondents identified several areas for improvement. This report may help plan future studies to optimize experiences of children and their families enrolled in clinical trials.
Changes in cellular cholesterol metabolism are associated with fetal programming of atherosclerosis

WITH FETAL PROGRAMMING OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS NIMA GOHARKHAY, KARINA VILLARREAL, SERGIO RODRIGUEZ, AMANDA MARETH, KENDRA STISSER, ESTHER TAMAYO, PHYLLIS GAMBLE, MICHEL MAKHLOUF, GARLAND D. ANDERSON, MONICA LONGO, GEORGE SAADE, University of Texas Medical Branch, Obstetrics & Gynecology/Maternal Fetal Medicine, Galveston, Texas, University of Texas Medical Branch, Obstetrics & Gynecology/ Gynecologic Oncology, Galveston, Texas OBJECTIVE: We previously described a model of fetal programming of atherosclerosis in the offspring of hypercholesterolemic ApoE knockout mice. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms affected by inutero programming, focusing on transcriptional control, synthesis and cellular uptake of cholesterol in the liver. STUDY DESIGN: ApoE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were crossbred to obtain 4 groups of offspring: KO, WT, heterozygous born to ApoE deficient mothers (KOMat) and heterozygous born to WT mothers (KOPat). All animals were sacrificed at eight months of age. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression levels for the LDL receptor (LDLR), HMG-CoA synthase, liver X receptor (LXR), SREBP cleavage activator protein (SCAP), peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)-gamma and PPAR-delta in the liver. LDLR protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: SCAP levels were significantly elevated in KOMat offspring as compared to both KOPat and WT animals (p=0.03). HMG-CoA synthase expression was also higher in the KOMat versus the other groups. In KOMat animals HMG-CoA synthase and SCAP mRNA levels were highly correlated (p!0.0001, r=0.81). PPAR-g and PPAR-d levels were somewhat higher in KOMat mice, while LXR and LDLR expression did not vary significantly. No substantial gender differences were noted. CONCLUSION: Elevated SCAP levels stimulate HMG-CoA synthase expression in the liver of offspring born to hypercholesterolemic mothers compared with genomically similar offspring born to normal mothers. This may underlie the mechanism by which in-utero exposure to high cholesterol levels alters fetal programming of cholesterol synthesis.
Food and Drug Administration Starts Treating Mobile Medical Apps as Medical Devices

Mobile medical apps on cell phones and tablets have risen in popularity in recent years. They enable physicians to diagnose, manage, and monitor medical conditions outside the traditional healthcare environment. At the same time, such apps enable patients and consumers to self-monitor, and they allow for access to useful health-related information. On September 23, 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a statement providing guidance to mobile …
A six degree-of-freedom thrust sensor for a labscale hybrid rocket

A six degree-of-freedom thrust sensor was designed, constructed, calibrated, and tested using the labscale hybrid rocket at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. The system consisted of six independent legs: one parallel to the axis of symmetry of the rocket for main thrust measurement, two vertical legs near the nozzle end of the rocket, one vertical leg near the oxygen input end of the rocket, and two separated horizontal legs near the nozzle end. Each leg was composed of a rotational bearing, a load cell, and a universal joint above and below the load cell. The leg was designed to create point contact along only one direction and minimize the non-axial forces applied to the load cell. With this system, force in each direction and moments for roll, pitch, and yaw can be measured. The system was calibrated and tested using a labscale hybrid rocket using gaseous oxygen and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene solid fuel. The thrust stand proved to be stable during calibration tests. Thrust force vector components and roll, pitch, and yaw moments were calculated for test firings with an oxygen mass flow rate range of 0.0174?0.0348?kg s?1.
Carcinogenic Effects of Radiation—Introduction

The world has always been full of hostile physical and chemical agents. Living creatures have evolved and adopted life styles that permit them to survive this environment. However, as a result of man’s activity the hostility is increasing rapidly probably too rapidly for life to adapt to them. Some of the present hazards are shown in Fig. 1. It is important to evaluate quantitatively these potential dangers to life, so as to make reasonable regulatory decisions concerning them. The evaluation for man is a difficult one. One cannot legitimately do experiments on people and moreover people are not good experimental material. The solution to this difficulty is to have basic insight into the modes of action of physical and chemical agents on cells and organisms and to use our basic biological theories to extrapolate to man.
An Experimental Investigation of Ethylene/O2/Diluent Mixtures: Laminar Flame Speeds with Preheat and Ignition Delays at High Pressures

Abstract The atmospheric pressure laminar flame speeds of premixed ethylene/O 2 /N 2 mixtures were experimentally measured over equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.4 and mixture preheat temperatures varying from 298 to 470 K in a counterflow configuration. Ignition delay measurements were also conducted for ethylene/O 2 /N 2 /Ar mixtures using a rapid compression machine at compressed pressures from 15 to 50 bar and in the compressed temperature range from 850 to 1050 K. The experimental laminar flame speeds and ignition delays were then compared to the computed values using two existing chemical kinetic mechanisms. Results show that while the laminar flame speeds are reasonably predicted at room temperature conditions, the discrepancy becomes larger with increasing preheat temperature. A comparison of experimental and computational ignition delay times was also conducted and discussed. Sensitivity analysis further shows that the ignition delay is highly sensitive to the reactions of the vinyl radical with molecular oxygen. The reaction of ethylene with the HO 2 radical was also found to be important for autoignition under the current experimental conditions.
Digital Image Processing Applied To Problems In Art And Archaeology

Many of the images encountered during scholarly studies in the fields of art and archaeology have deteriorated through the effects of time. The Ice-Age rock art of the now-closed caves near Lascaux are prime examples of this fate. However, faint and subtle details of these can be exceedingly important as some theories suggest that the designs are computers or calendars pertaining to astronomical cycles as well as seasons for hunting, gathering, and planting. Consequently, we have applied a range of standard image processing algorithms (viz., edge detection, spatial filtering, spectral differencing, and contrast enhancement) as well as specialized techniques (e.g., matched filters) to the clarification of these drawings. Also, we report the results of computer enhancement studies pertaining to authenticity, faint details, sitter identity, and age of portraits by da Vinci, Rembrandt, Rotari, and Titian.
RNA synthesis during morphogenesis of the fungus Mucor racemosus.

Individual rates of synthesis were determined for the major classes of RNA throughout the yeast-tohyphae transition ofMucor racemosus. Cells at stages throughout development were pulse-labelled with3H-uracil or32P-phosphoric acid, broken under liquid nitrogen and extracted with phenol to isolate the RNA. The major classes of RNA (tRNA, rRNA, precursor rRNA) were separated and quantified on sucrose density gradients. Polyadenylated RNA was identified and quantitated after passage through an oligodeoxythymidylic acid-cellulose column. All species of RNA showed an increased rate of synthesis immediately after the atmospheric shift (CO2-to-air) used to initiate development. All rates accelerated until maximums were observed at the time of hyphal germ tube emergence. Thereafter, during hyphal elongation, the rates decelerated. During the period of most rapid synthesis the ribosomal forms of RNA showed a proportionally higher increase in rate of synthesis than the other forms. Newly synthesized mRNA remained a constant fraction of the total RNA made at all time throughout the morphogenesis.
Electron-beam optimization for bremsstrahlung-induced photofission

There is ongoing interest in the use of an intense bremsstrahlung pulse to induce photofission in fissionable material.1, 2 To optimize the radiation for inducing fissions in the forward direction, electrons should approach normal incidence and their charge on the anode converter should be maximum. Here, these are optimized on the 8-MeV, 200-kA, 50-ns Mercury inductive voltage adder3 by varying the diode AK gap between 23 and 43 cm and adding an ID-reducing insert in the outer-conductor wall.2 Current monitors at the anode determine the load-region current fraction reaching the converter. TLDs and an x-ray pinhole camera measure the angular and radial x-ray dose distributions4, and 3 He detectors measure fissions induced in a 30×30×2.5-cm3 depleted uranium (DU) plate. Measurements are in broad agreement with LSP/ITS simulations of the electron dynamics and radiation transport. Current traces show that electron losses to the insert and outer-conductor wall increase with AK gap, confirming LSP predictions and pinhole camera measurements. With increasing AK gap, measured angular dose distributions narrow, on-axis dose and DU fission-neutrons increase, indicating that electron angles are approaching the converter normal. With the 43-cm gap, axial dose and fission neutrons decrease. For 40-cm gaps or larger, LSP electron impact angles on the converter are within 5 degrees of normal. For 8-MeV electrons, x-ray divergence does not narrow significantly for smaller electron angles. However, electron losses to the insert and wall continue to increase for larger gaps, explaining reduced performance at 43 cm. Bremsstrahlung produced by these electrons at large radius is collimated out of the x-ray beam reaching the DU. If the current lost to the insert and walls could reach the converter, LSP/ITS predicts a fission yield 1.75-times higher than that achieved with a 40-cm gap. Though wall losses with a 23-cm gap are small, the predicted 20-deg electron impact angles produce only about 1/3 of the on-axis fissions of the 40-cm gap. Therefore, research has begun to modify such smaller-gap diodes to magnetically steer electrons to converter impact angles closer to the normal.5
The facile preparation of HF free polyfluorinated acyl fluorides [1]

Abstract The reaction of polyfluorinated acids with the Ishikawa Reagent (FAR) in the presence of NaF gives 59–91% isolated yields of HF free polyfluorinated acyl fluorides. The reaction is rapid, safe, easily scaled up, and amenable to a one-pot procedure.
Physiology, pharmacology, toxicology and strength of materials.

L'etude fait la revue des donnees concernant les interactions physiologiques qui se deroulent entre la corticosurrenale et la medullosurrenale
Part I — Matrix operations and generalized inverses

The theory of matrices is playing a role of rapidly increasing importance in the formulation and solution of problems, not only in mathematics and engineering, but in the biological and social sciences as well. Before the advent of the computer, a mathematician could talk glibly about the existence and uniqueness of a solution of a system of ten linear equations in ten unknowns. Few had ever tried to find the solution of such a system. Now matrix theory not only provides an extremely helpful tool for designing a mathematical model of a system with many variables, but also affords a practical and convenient method of adapting the data for processing by a computer. The theory of functions of a matrix — including polynomial, exponential, and trigonometric functions — provides an extremely powerful tool both for model making and for providing numerical answers. Some feel that any problem that can be solved by Laplace transform methods can be solved with equal or greater ease by using functions of matrices.
Found in translation: Understanding the biology and behavior of experimental traumatic brain injury

The aim of this review is to discuss in greater detail the topics covered in the recent symposium entitled "Traumatic brain injury: laboratory and clinical perspectives," presented at the 2014 International Behavioral Neuroscience Society annual meeting. Herein, we review contemporary laboratory models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) including common assays for sensorimotor and cognitive behavior. New modalities to evaluate social behavior after injury to the developing brain, as well as the attentional set-shifting test (AST) as a measure of executive function in TBI, will be highlighted. Environmental enrichment (EE) will be discussed as a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation, and finally, an evidence-based approach to sports-related concussion will be considered. The review consists predominantly of published data, but some discussion of ongoing or future directions is provided.
Ordinal Position Learning and Remote Anticipation

Rats were runway trained on each of two 3-trial series of reward outcomes. The series are labeled XNY and ZNN, for which X represents a trial that was rewarded with Noyes pellets and N represents a trial that ended with no reward. Units of distinctively flavored breakfast cereals served as reward on trials labeled Y and Z. One group (Floor) had each series occur with a correlated runway floor, either smooth and black or rough and white. For a second group (Memory), the floor cue was uncorrelated with series. Animals in both groups learned to approach the goal rapidly on the 1st trials of the 2 series and slowly on the 2nd trials, but only Group Floor learned to differentiate the 3rd trials of the series. These results recommend a view of serial learning that emphasizes the role played by information about the ordinal position of series items.
Characterization of the supersonic expansion in the vacuum interface of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer by high-resolution diode laser spectroscopy

The supersonic expansion in the first vacuum stage of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer has been characterized by laser-induced fluorescence of metastable argon atoms in the expansion. Atom velocities and temperatures were determined from Doppler shifts and linewidths, respectively, in the excitation spectra of the argon atoms. Shock structures characteristic of a supersonic expansion, the barrel shock and the Mach disk, were manifest as bimodal velocity distributions. The terminal velocities reached by the atoms were characteristic of conditions in the plasma source upstream from the entrance to the vacuum interface.
Two-dimensional surface emitting distributed feedback laser arrays

The demonstration of two-dimensional arrays of surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers is reported. A 30-element array is shown to produce up to 6.8 W of pulsed output power. A 27-element array bonded on a silicon microchannel water-cooled heat sink is shown to produce as much as 3 W of continuous-wave output power. The high continuous wave power is possible due to the low thermal resistance in the p-side down design of the surface-emitting distributed feedback lasers and effective heat extraction by a silicon microchannel heat sink. >
GIPSY: automated geographic indexing of text documents

In this paper we present an algorithm which automatically extracts geopositional coordinate index terms from text to support georeferenced document indexing and retrieval. Under this algorithm, words and phrases containing geographic place names or characteristics are extracted from a text document and used as input to database functions which use spatial reasoning to approximate statistically the geoposition being referenced in the text. We conclude with a discussion of preliminary results and future work.
Parametric time series models for multivariate EEG analysis

Abstract The autoregressive (AR) and mixed autoregressive-moving average (AR-MA) parametric models of stationary time series are of current interest for the purposes of spectral analysis and for the extraction of features for automatic EEG classification. Procedures for computing AR models and a new two-stage least-squares procedure for computing AR-MA models of multivariate time series are shown. The results of spectral estimation of EEGs using the multivariate AR, AR-MA, and conventional windowed periodogram analysis are compared.
Performance modeling for high-order finite difference methods on the connection machine CM-2

This paper is concerned with modeling the perfor mance of high-order finite-difference schemes for hy perbolic problems on the Connection Machine CM-2. Specifically, we would like to determine whether the higher communication cost of higher-order methods makes them less favorable in a parallel setting than in a sequential setting. Since most difference methods are implemented using the cshift operator, we first de rive a timing model for it in CM-Fortran under the new slicewise compiler model. This model is then used to predict the performance of the difference methods with different orders applied to the 2D BA¼rgers' equa tions. In addition, we study the effect of varying differ ent machine performance parameters, such as the communication time and floating-point operation time, as well as problem parameters such as mesh size. Our analysis and numerical results indicate that among high-order finite difference methods, the fourth-order one is the most efficient method in that it achieves a moderate error tolerance a few percent with least running time.
Manganese Upregulates Cellular Prion Protein and Contributes to Altered Stabilization and Proteolysis: Relevance to Role of Metals in Pathogenesis of Prion Disease

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases resulting from misfolding of normal cellular prion (PrP(C)) into an abnormal form of scrapie prion (PrP(Sc)). The cellular mechanisms underlying the misfolding of PrP(C) are not well understood. Since cellular prion proteins harbor divalent metal-binding sites in the N-terminal region, we examined the effect of manganese on PrP(C) processing in in vitro models of prion disease. Exposure to manganese significantly increased PrP(C) levels both in cytosolic and in membrane-rich fractions in a time-dependent manner. Manganese-induced PrP(C) upregulation was independent of messenger RNA transcription or stability. Additionally, manganese treatment did not alter the PrP(C) degradation by either proteasomal or lysosomal pathways. Interestingly, pulse-chase analysis showed that the PrP(C) turnover rate was significantly altered with manganese treatment, indicating increased stability of PrP(C) with the metal exposure. Limited proteolysis studies with proteinase-K further supported that manganese increases the stability of PrP(C). Incubation of mouse brain slice cultures with manganese also resulted in increased prion protein levels and higher intracellular manganese accumulation. Furthermore, exposure of manganese to an infectious prion cell model, mouse Rocky Mountain Laboratory-infected CAD5 cells, significantly increased prion protein levels. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time that divalent metal manganese can alter the stability of prion proteins and suggest that manganese-induced stabilization of prion protein may play a role in prion protein misfolding and prion disease pathogenesis.
Complete electromagnetic simulation of HEMT switch circuit

Electromagnetic (EM) only HEMT model was been proposed in [1]. In this paper, complete EM simulation has been performed on entire switch circuit. The dependences of switch performances on distributed and coupling effects can be quantitatively explained, and the prediction accuracy can be remarkably improved. Further, the EM simulation has been applied to an assembled switch with bond wires. Since a closed loop is formed by bond wires and the shunt HEMT at off switch arm, isolation is degraded when loop currents is induced by the coupling among bond wires. It has been noticed that there are two kinds of couplings, and the loop currents induced by these two couplings are in the opposite phase. The isolation degradation can be reduced or eliminated by current cancellation when the bond wire configuration is properly designed.
Acceleration of Partially Stripped Ions at the Bevalac

We present results of the first attempts to accelerate partially stripped heavy ions in the Bevatron. Experiments were performed for hydrogen-like argon and neon ions, and, although the survival time of these ions in the 10-7 torr Bevatron vacuum was not sufficient to achieve full energy, valuable charge-changing cross section information was obtained.
Great Britain and the Development of India's Railways

A Striking disparity exists between India's ranking as a railway power and its ranking by any other modern economic category, such as coal mined, iron and steel produced, power generated, value added by all manufacturing, or national income received per capita. Throughout the twentieth century India has had one of the world's five largest railway systems, but by most other modern categories India's economy has been among the world's weakest and least developed. I propose to begin by recounting the way in which India's railway system was developed under British leadership in the century after 1850; then I intend to turn to some possible connections between the special types of railway organization that Britain sponsored in India and the relative lack of development of other sectors of India's economy, particularly modern industry.
Activities of Ceftobiprole, Linezolid, Vancomycin, and Daptomycin against Community-Associated and Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

We evaluated the activity of ceftobiprole against 100 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and 100 hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates. Eight isolates were evaluated by time-kill studies for kill rate and potential for synergy with tobramycin. Ceftobiprole MIC50 and MIC90 values were 1 and 2 g/ml, respectively, against CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. In time-kill analysis, ceftobiprole was bactericidal at all concentrations tested.
Lowering the Barriers Inherent in Translating Advances in Neuroimage Analysis to Clinical Research Applications

Rationale and Objectives This article presents an initiative for the translation of advances in neuroimage analysis techniques to clinical research scientists. Our objective is to bridge the gap between scientific advances made by the biomedical imaging community and their widespread use in the clinical research community. Through national collaborative effort supported by the National Institutes of Health Roadmap, the integration of the most sophisticated algorithms into usable working open-source systems enables clinical researchers to have access to a broad spectrum of cutting edge analysis techniques. A critical step to maximize the long-term positive impact of this collaborative effort is to translate these techniques into new skills of clinical researchers. To address this challenge, we developed a methodology based on three criteria: a multidisciplinary approach, a balance between theory and common practice, and an immersive collaborative environment. The article illustrates our initiative through the exemplar case of diffusion tensor imaging tractography, and reports on our experience over the past two years of designing and delivering training workshops to more than 300 clinicians and scientists using the developed methodology.
Science Conference Presenters’ Images of Inquiry

Inquiry-focused professional development and conceptions of inquiry held by eight professional development leaders were investigated within the context of a state science teacher conference. The prominent session format involved session leaders modeling classroom experiences. In all sessions, classroom inquiry was portrayed as a teacher-guided activity with the primary goal being to increase motivation for engaging students in classroom inquiry. The leaders’ conceptualized inquiry primarily as a teaching approach with various goals, characteristics, and potential barriers. The findings of this study provide evidence of how inquiry, a prominent feature of science education reform, was portrayed in sessions at a conference sponsored by a state affiliate of the National Science Teachers Association and thought about by persons who led these sessions. The findings have implications for teacher learning from conference-based professional development and its potential influence on science teacher thinking and practice.
Differential tending of worker and drone larvae of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, during the 60 hours prior to cell capping

Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite of A. mellifera. Female mites reproduce on both drone and worker brood; but they are found 5-9 times more often on drone brood. We examined larval tending by brood nest bees to determine if this behavior could provide an explanation for these differences. We observed workers tending worker and drone larvae in three observation colonies commencing 60 h prior to the completion of cell capping, an interval that includes the susceptible periods of both types of brood. Workers invested 2.78 times more time tending drone larvae than worker larvae, a difference due primarily to a greater number of tending acts directed towards drone brood. This finding demonstrates that phoretic mites may have more opportunity to enter drone brood. The 2.78 fold difference in time tending larvae combined with the previously reported 2-4-fold differences in the lengths of the periods when cells are capped could explain a 5.56-11.12 fold difference in mite levels in worker and drone brood, similar to 'previously' reported differences. Varroa destructor / Apis mellifera / nurse bee / cell capping
Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Cytologic predictors of biopsy Confirmation

One hundred and seven smears demonstrating a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were analyzed for features predicting subsequent biopsy confirmation. Twelve (29%) of 41 smears showing few LSIL cells were biopsy confirmed compared to 33 (60%) of 55 containing an intermediate number of LSIL cells and 9 (82%) of 11 displaying many LSIL cells (P < 0.002). Thirty-seven (47%) of 78 smears showing mainly condylomatous atypia (CA), 7 (54%) of 13 revealing predominantly cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), and 10 (63%) of 16 displaying both CA and CIN 1 were histologically confirmed (N.S.). Biopsy confirmation was obtained in 35 (65%) of 54 women whose repeat smears obtained at colposcopy demonstrated SIL compared to four (15%) of 26 patients whose repeat smears were normal or contained atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the number of diagnostic cells in an LSIL smear predicts biopsy confirmation and affirm the validity of combining CA and CIN 1 under the category of LSIL in the Bethesda System. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Statistical Analysis Of Roll‐Call Data: A Cautionary Tale

Roll-call voting and congressional procedures are two of the most heavily studied aspects of the U.S. Congress. To date, little work has focused on the effect of procedures on the composition of the roll-call record. This article takes a step in this direction by demonstrating the effect of chamber rules and institutional constraints on House and Senate roll-call data, as well as on the inferences that scholars have drawn from the roll-call record. More specifically, I focus on recent efforts to measure party effects and ideological alignments, and I demonstrate that the composition of the roll-call record can affect these measures.
Lipogenesis in the ruminant: effect of fasting and refeeding on fatty acid synthesis and enzymatic activity of sheep adipose tissue.

Â? ABSTRACT The metabolic control of lipogenesis was investigated in growing and fattening lambs by fasting and refeeding studies. Fasting state was monitored by indirect calorimetry measurements of respiratory quotient and methane production. At various time periods, rump adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy and used for determi nation of lipogenic capacity and the activities of relevant enzymes. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase very closely paralleled the progressive decrease in fatty acid synthesis by adipose tissue slices during starvation and the increase upon refeeding. Acetyl CoA synthetase and fatty acid synthetase activities also decreased substantially during fasting, but in fattening lambs, this decrease did not occur until after 48 hours of fasting. Additionally, the activities of acetyl CoA synthetase and fatty acid synthetase did not increase significantly with refeeding. In both groups of lambs the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP- isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased only moderately during starvation and had not increased significantly at the time of biopsy after refeeding. The results of these investi gations indicate that acetyl CoA carboxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis by ruminant adipose tissue. The correlation between in vitro lipogenic capacity and acetyl CoA carboxylase activity during fasting and refeeding was 0.95 and 0.93 with growing and fattening lambs, respectively. J. Nutr. 103: 1479-1488, 1973.
Harnessing nature's toolbox: regulatory elements for synthetic biology

Synthetic biologists seek to engineer complex biological systems composed of modular elements. Achieving higher complexity in engineered biological organisms will require manipulating numerous systems of biological regulation: transcription; RNA interactions; protein signalling; and metabolic fluxes, among others. Exploiting the natural modularity at each level of biological regulation will promote the development of standardized tools for designing biological systems.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ENERGETICS OF SOLID SOLUTION ALONG THE DOLOMITE-ANKERITE JOIN, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STABILITY OF ORDERED CAFE(CO3 )2

Samples along the dolomite-ankerite join were synthesized using a piston-cylinder apparatus and the double-capsule method. Some of the ankerite samples may be disordered. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction showed that all samples can be completely decomposed to uniquely defined products under calorimetric conditions (770°C, O2), and a wellconstrained thermodynamic cycle was developed to determine the enthalpy of formation. The energetics of ordered and disordered ankerite solid solutions were estimated using data from calorimetry, lattice-energy calculations, and phase equilibria. The enthalpies of formation of ordered dolomite and disordered end-member ankerite from binary carbonates, determined by calorimetry, are -9.29 :t 1.97 and 6.98 :t 2.08 kllmol, respectively. The enthalpy of formation of ordered ankerite appears to become more endothermic with increasing Fe content, whereas the enthalpy of formation of disordered ankerite becomes more exothermic with increasing Fe content. The enthalpy of disordering in dolomite (approximately 25 kllmol) is much larger than that in pure ankerite, CaFe(C03h (approximately 10 kllmol), which may explain the nonexistence of ordered CaFe(C03)2'
Fuzzy Functional Observers for Dynamic TSK Systems

Several approaches have appeared in the literature for the design of controller/observer combinations for Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) systems. These approaches did not exploit the fact that lower order systems can be obtained for estimating the control from output measurements. We propose a new approach for the feedback stabilization of TSK system using an observer of the control vector. We obtain stability conditions for the new observer/controller and show that it can provide a more efficient solution than the results published earlier. We demonstrate our results through a numerical example where the order of the observers with the functional observers if half that of the reduced order observers
Introduction from the New Editors-in-Chief (2015–2017)

With this issue, David A. Sonnenfeld and Peter Leigh Taylor have assumed the role of Editors-in-Chief of Society & Natural Resources. We want to express our profound thanks to our predecessors, Jil...
Biodegradation in the Estuarine-Marine Environments and the Genetically Altered Microbe

Many chemicals enter the marine and estuarine environment through a variety of routes. These routes include dumping, direct application, outfalls, accidental spills, and land runoff or rainfall. Some of these compounds are toxic to the biota or may be converted to toxic products in nature. The fate and ecological effects of these chemicals in estuarine environments is part of the concern of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Laboratory at Gulf Breeze, Florida. Toxicity results when an organism is exposed to a sufficient concentration of a compound. Therefore, fate greatly influences the cumulative effect of a chemical on the biota.
Reflections: Fifty Years of Southwestern Archaeology

The invitation to review a half century of archaeological procedures, events, and accomplishments in the American Southwest gave me an initial start—not because of the magnitude of the task—but because it brought home the reluctantly admitted fact that I have been around that long as a witness. In younger days the thought of being part of the process of looking into the past for five or six decades was as unfathomable as were some of the ages we were assigning to the remains under study. Even to an archaeologist, the concept of time operates on two levels: the first relates to the past societies of unknown name but of ages measured in centuries or millennia; and the second, intimately personal, infinitely shorter and far more real, is the span of one's own life.
Perceptions of Special Education and Career and Technical Education Collaboration and Communication

This study explored perceptions of current practices used by secondary educators (special education teachers and guidance counselors) and stand-alone career and technical education (CTE) centers when working with students with disabilities from sending high schools participating in secondary CTE from one midwestern state. The study looked at perceptions held by each educational setting (high school and secondary CTE) regarding needs and responsibility when working with these shared students. Study participants were provided a paper-and-pencil survey consisting of Likert-type scale and forced choice questions. Results indicated inconsistencies in the methods used to share student information and who was responsible for providing that information. Many respondents did not feel regular communication took place between CTE and special education. The findings reinforce concerns represented in more than a decade of research in this area. Recommendations are made for how CTE and special education can better comm...
The effects of diamox on the uterine response of estrogen treated rats.

SummaryDiamox® (40 mg) postpones the peak of water imbibition in the uterus of estradiol treated immature rats from the sixth to the twelfth hour. It is, however, incapable of blocking the normal growth response occurring at 30 hours. Daily doses of 40 and 60 mg of Diamox® given concurrently with 5 μg of estrone per day for 3 days to castrated adults did not alter the percentage of water in the uterine tissues from that reported for the estrogen alone. It is suggested that imbibition of water and the proliferative phase observed in the uterus under estrogen stimulation represent independent reactions.
P-017 time to treatment effect on visual recovery after intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute central retinal artery occlusion

Introduction Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is considered an ophthalmologic emergency. The effectiveness of intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) remains controversial. Non-invasive standard therapies are often employed but their efficacy compared to no treatment is also controversial. Similar to emergent large vessel occlusion stroke, time to revascularization may be critically important with lower times possibly favoring improved visual outcomes. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine whether evidence exists for improvement in vision after IAT and whether that improvement varied with time. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1946–January 2015) for the following medical keywords: intra-arterial thrombolysis; retinal artery occlusion; intra-arterial fibrinolysis; and retinal artery. Additional articles were identified by review of the reference sections of each article. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles written in English, micro catheter directed infusion of thrombolytic (tPA, urokinase, streptokinase), individual patient data for visual outcomes and time from onset to IAT therapy. LogMAR scores were either abstracted directly from the data or converted from Snellen chart scores. The numerical scores for profound vision loss (counting fingers or worse) were substituted for logMAR scores as suggested by Lange et al . 1 Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria supplying individual data on 115 patients. 2–6 The mean and median time to IAT were 12.2 (SD 10.4) and 9 (IQR 6.9,12) hours respectively. Mean logMAR improvement was 0.61 (SD 0.68). A Shapiro-Wilk test of normality demonstrated non-parametric data and a paired-samples Wilcoxan Signed Rank test was performed on pre- and post-IAT treatment logMAR scores. This demonstrated a significant median improvement of 0.4 [IQR: 0, 1.06] (P Conclusions IAT therapy demonstrates a significant improvement in logMAR scores when comparing pre- and post-IAT therapy visual assessments. Time to treatment showed a trend towards superior improvement in patients treated in less than 4 h but this was not significant. References Lange C, Feltgen N, Junker B, et al . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247(1):137–42 Butz B. Acta Radiol . 2003;44(6):680–4 Mercier J. J Neurorad . Epub Ahead of Print 2014-Nov 15 Peterson J. Can J Neurol Sci . 2005;32:507–11 Richard G. Ophthalmology 1999;106(4):768–73 Schumacher M. Neuroradiology 1993;35:600–55 Disclosures P. Page: None. A. Cambon: None. R. James: 1; C; Microvention, Inc. Industry sponsored and Investigator-Initiated Research Support, Penumbra, Inc.; Investigator-Initiated Research Support. 2; C; Pulsar Vascular, Inc.; Clinical Events Committee Member, Covidien, Inc.; Clinical Events Committee Member. 4; C; Remedy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Impatience Induced by Waiting: An Effect Moderated by the Speed of Countdowns

Countdowns and progress bars provide computer users with estimates of remaining wait times. These types of feedback are intended to manage their expectations and allow users to direct attention elsewhere. We suggest that they also moderate user's impatience, which affects decision-making in the subsequent task. In an experiment with 421 participants, impatience in a timing decision task was effectively and systematically manipulated through a countdown, as it affected timing and performance of the user's actions in the task. The effect persisted even after users gained task experience. More rapid countdowns reduced impatience. Post-hoc analysis also showed increased task satisfaction with rising countdown speed and suggested greater task satisfaction with a rapid countdown than with no waiting period at all.
The “Independent” Plastic Surgery Match: Analysis of Changes in Recent Years and Applicant Preferences

Background The number of surgical applicants to "independent" plastic surgery programs has drastically decreased. However, the competitiveness of recent applicants relative to previous years has not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of recent "independent" applicants and to obtain their preferences regarding the match. Methods A 25-question survey was distributed to 97 applicants of the 2012 "independent" match. The survey consisted of questions regarding demographics, academic qualifications, interview results, match results, program characteristic preferences, interview preferences, and future career plans. Results A total of 62 applicants responded; 71% male, 82% US medical graduates, 94% general surgery residents, and 76% in university programs. Three-quarters had ≥2 publications and 29% in plastic surgery journals. Applicants most commonly attended 11 to 13 interviews, and 31% got their top choice. Mean rank list position matched was 2.7. Out of 10 program selection criteria, overall training quality and geographic location were most important to applicants. Difficulty of on-call responsibilities and research opportunities were least important. Applicants interested in university-based practice had a significantly higher interest in research (p = 0.003). Most prefer one-on-one interviews with 5 sessions being ideal. Two-thirds would prefer regional coordination of interviews. Half were undecided about fellowship, and most were undecided about subspecialty of greatest interest. University-affiliated (39%) and university-based (33%) were the most commonly envisioned future practices. Conclusion The profile of "independent" plastic surgery applicants has not changed much in recent years. When selecting a program, applicants are looking for the best overall operative training above all else with little regard for difficulty of on-call responsibilities or ability to do research. Applicants are still very moldable in their preference of future career plans with the majority possessing an early interest in academic-related practices.