cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in melanoma is associated with decreased proliferation in patient tumors and a murine melanoma model

This study demonstrates that in malignant melanoma, elevated levels of nuclear s-catenin in both primary tumors and metastases correlate with reduced expression of a marker of proliferation and with improved survival, in contrast to colorectal cancer. The reduction in proliferation observed in vivo is recapitulated in B16 murine melanoma cells and in human melanoma cell lines cultured in vitro with either WNT3A or small-molecule activators of s-catenin signaling. Consistent with these results, B16 melanoma cells expressing WNT3A also exhibit decreased tumor size and decreased metastasis when implanted into mice. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling reveals that WNT3A up-regulates genes implicated in melanocyte differentiation, several of which are down-regulated with melanoma progression. These findings suggest that WNT3A can mediate transcriptional changes in melanoma cells in a manner reminiscent of the known role of Wnt/s-catenin signaling in normal melanocyte development, thereby altering melanoma cell fate to one that may be less proliferative and potentially less aggressive. Our results may explain the observed loss of nuclear s-catenin with melanoma progression in human tumors, which could reflect a dysregulation of cellular differentiation through a loss of homeostatic Wnt/s-catenin signaling.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Endothelial Function in School-Aged Nonobese Children Effect of Adenotonsillectomy

Background— Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is associated with cardiovascular morbidity such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension. However, it remains unclear whether endothelial dysfunction occurs in pediatric OSA and whether it is reversible on effective treatment of OSA. Methods and Results— Consecutive nonobese children (aged 6 to 11 years) who were diagnosed with OSA after overnight polysomnography and control children matched on the basis of age, gender, ethnicity, and body mass index underwent blood draw the next morning for soluble CD40 ligand, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitrotyrosine levels, as well as 2 iterations of 60-second cuff-occlusion tests for assessment of endothelial function. These tests were repeated 4 to 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. OSA children showed blunted reperfusion kinetics after release of occlusion, which completely normalized in 20 of 26 patients after adenotonsillectomy. All 6 children in whom no improvements occurred had a strong family his...
Shock and post-shock temperatures in an ice-quartz mixture: implications for melting during planetary impact events

Abstract Melting of H2O ice during planetary impact events is a widespread phenomenon. On planetary surfaces, ice is often mixed with other materials; yet, at present, the partitioning of energy between the components of a shocked mixture is still an open question in the shock physics community. Knowledge of how much energy is partitioned into the ice component is necessary to predict and interpret a wide range of processes, including shock-induced melting and chemistry. In this work, we construct a conceptual framework for the thermodynamic pathways of the components in a shocked hydrodynamic mixture by defining three broad regimes based on the characteristic length scale of the mixture compared to the thickness of the shock front: (1) small length scale mixtures where pressure and temperature equilibrate immediately behind the shock front; (2) intermediate length scales where pressure but not thermal equilibration is achieved behind the shock front; and (3) long length scales where pressure equilibration requires multiple shock wave reflections. We conduct shock wave experiments, reaching pressures from 8 to 23 GPa, in an H2O ice–SiO2 quartz mixture in the intermediate length scale regime. In each experiment, all the parameters required to address the question of energy partitioning were determined: the shock velocity in the mixture, the shock front thickness, and the shock and post-shock temperatures of the H2O component. The measured pressure is in agreement with the bulk compressibility of the mixture. The shock and post-shock temperatures of the H2O component indicate that the ice was shocked close to the principal Hugoniot. Therefore, in the intermediate length scale regime, the partitioning of shock energy is defined initially by the Hugoniots of the components at the equilibrated pressure. We discuss energy partitioning in mixtures over the wide range of length and time scales encountered during planetary impact events and identify the current challenges in calculating the volume of melted ice. In some cases, the criteria for shock-induced melting of ice in a mixture are the same as for pure ice.
NANOMECHANICS OF SILICON NANOWIRES VIA SYMMETRY-ADAPTED TIGHT-BINDING AND CLASSICAL OBJECTIVE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

Stability and elastic response of the most promising ground state candidate Si nanowires with less than 10 nm in diameter are comparatively studied with objective molecular dynamics coupled with non-orthogonal tight-binding and classical potential models. The computationally-expensive tight-binding treatment becomes tractable due to the substantial simplifications introduced by the presented symmetry-adapted scheme. Quantitative differences regarding stability with the classical model description are noted. Using a Wulff energy decomposition approach it is revealed that these differences are caused by the inability of the classical potential to accurately describe the interaction of Si atoms on surfaces. Differences between the results of the two atomistic treatments are also noted in the elastic response in elongation.
Development of a compressive programmable array microscope

We present a compressive programmable array microscope design, which incorporates the compressive sensing principle into the patterned illumination microscope design, so that single pixel detectors can be used to capture microscopic images without mechanical scanning.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Esfenvalerate Metabolites in Human Urine

The pyrethroids are one of the most heavily used insecticide classes in the world. Sensitive and rapid analytical techniques are needed for assessments of human exposure to these compounds. Highly sensitive and selective ELISAs for glycine conjugates of esfenvalerate key metabolites phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) and s-fenvalerate acid (sFA) were developed. Rabbits were immunized with either N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)-4-amino-L-phenylalanine-fetuin or N-[(S)-4-chloro-2-(methylethyl)benzeneacetyl]-4-amino-L-phenyla lan ine -fetuin, and all sera were screened against numerous coating antigens. The antibodies with the least interference and best sensitivity were optimized and characterized. The I(50)s for sFA-glycine and PBA-glycine in buffer were found to be 0.40 +/- 0.12 microg/L (1.47 +/- 0.44 nmol/L) and 0.42 +/- 0.18 microg/L (1.56 +/- 0.67 nmol/L), respectively. Both assays exhibited high selectivity. Little or no cross reactivity to the parent compound and other metabolites was measured. The matrix effects of urine were investigated. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) strategies were used in an attempt to decrease the matrix effects and increase the sensitivity of the overall method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for both sFA-glycine and PBA-glycine in urine with SPE is 1.0 microg/L (3.70 nmol/L). These assays could be used as markers of exposure for monitoring biological samples.
Fast static compaction algorithms for sequential circuit test vectors

Two fast algorithms for static test sequence compaction are proposed for sequential circuits. The algorithms are based on the observation that test sequences traverse through a small set of states and some states are frequently revisited throughout the application of a test set. Subsequences that start and end on the same states may be removed if necessary and if sufficient conditions are met for them. Contrary to the previously proposed methods, where multitudes of fault simulations are required, the techniques described in this paper require only two fault simulation passes and are applied to test sequences generated by various test generators, resulting in significant compactions very quickly for circuits that have many revisited states.
Political and Spiritual Migration: The Adaptive Formation of Religious and Partisan Attachments among Latino Immigrants in the United States

Immigrants to the United States often fail to develop partisan identities, which can be a political impediment. While the development of partisanship has received substantial attention in the existing literature, further research is needed to understand the origins of partisanship for new immigrants who lack the socialized psychological attachments that drive partisanship for many Americans. I theorize that preceding changes in salient social identities may facilitate the formation of partisan attachments as an adaptive response to a new environment. Specifically, I contend that religious conversion, an adaptive change in one's religious identity, increases the probability of political adaptation among Latino immigrants, the largest immigrant group in the United States. Using data from a 2006 Pew survey of Latino religious life, I show that conversion among Latino immigrants is associated with a greater partisan identification, which suggests religious conversion may function as an intervening adaptation in the evolution of partisanship.
Mechanical Properties of Zylon/Epoxy Composite at 295K and 77 K

Zylon fiber/epoxy composites are used at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory for structural reinforcement of high field pulse magnet coils. Zylon fiber have been chosen to replace glass or carbon fibers primarily because of the fiber's extremely high strength and elastic modulus. Although the fiber properties are well documented, there is limited data available with respect to its properties in fiber/epoxy composite form, especially at low temperatures. Here the mechanical properties pertinent to pulse magnet design are characterized and analyzed with respect to manufacturing variables. Specifically the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fatigue life of the quasiunidirectional composite specimens, are measured at both 295 K and 77 K
The effect of recombinant erythropoietin on the early hematocrit rise after CAPD initiation.

ObjectiveTo determine if the simultaneous initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and Erythropoietin therapy masks the hematocrit (Hct) rise that frequently follows the initi...
Co-delivery of siRNA and an anticancer drug for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer

Aims: To develop a novel nanomedicine approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer by combining an anticancer drug and suppressors of cellular resistance within one multifunctional nanocarrier-based delivery system (NDS). Materials & methods: The NDS consisted of cationic liposomes (carrier, 100–140 nm), doxorubicin (DOX, anticancer drug), siRNA targeted to MRP1 and BCL2 mRNA (suppressors of pump and nonpump cellular-resistance, respectively). The resulting approximately 500 nm complex has a zeta potential of +4 mV. Results & discussion: The NDS provides an effective co-delivery of DOX and siRNA as well as cell-death induction and suppression of cellular resistance in MDR lung cancer cells. Conclusion: We demonstrate NDS-enhanced efficiency of chemotherapy to a level that cannot be achieved by applying its components separately.
Fetal outcome in murine Lyme disease.

Lyme disease is an inflammatory syndrome caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Although this syndrome has important implications for human pregnancy, little is known about gestational infection withB. burgdorferi. Fetal death occurred in 33 of 280 gestational sacs (12%) in 39 C3H/HeN female mice infected by intradermal injection ofB. burgdorferi4 days after mating (acute infection), compared with 0 of 191 sacs in 25 controlmice(P 50.0001).Forty-sixpercentofacutelyinfectedmicesufferedatleastonefetaldeath,compared withnoneofthecontrolanimals(P 50.0002).Therewerenofetaldeathsin18C3H/HeNmiceinfected3weeks prior to mating (chronic infection). A sensitive PCR technique detected B. burgdorferi DNA in the uteri of acutely infected mice but did not detect DNA in the uteri of controls or chronically infected mice. Spirochete DNA was only rarely detected in fetal tissues, and its presence was not required for fetal death. The inclusion of an internal competitive PCR target indicated that the lack ofB. burgdorferisequences in fetal DNA was not due to the presence of a PCR inhibitor. Histologic analysis of gestational tissues from infected animals demonstratednonspecificpathologyconsistentwithfetaldeath.Thesefindingsindicateanassociationbetween murine fetal death and acute infection withB. burgdorferiearly in gestation but not with chronic infection. Our data suggest that fetal death is due to a maternal response to infection rather than fetal infection. These findings could provide an explanation for observations in humans in which sporadic cases of fetal death in women infected withB. burgdorferiduring pregnancy have been reported, while previous infection has not been associated with fetal death.
Effects of subtype-selective group I mGluR antagonists on synchronous activity induced by 4-aminopyridine/CGP 55845 in adult guinea pig hippocampal slices.

Abstract Co-application of the convulsant 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 55845 to adult guinea pig hippocampal slices elicits giant GABA-mediated postsynaptic potentials (GPSPs) and epileptiform discharges. Here we tested the effects of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtype-selective antagonists LY 367385 (mGlu1, 100 μM), MPEP (mGlu5, 10 μM), and MTEP (mGlu5, 500 nM) on this synchronous activity. Electrophysiological field recordings were performed in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices from adult guinea pigs. The mGlu5 receptor antagonists increased GPSP rate, but the mGlu1 receptor antagonist did not. This ability of mGlu5 receptor antagonists to increase the rate of GPSPs indicates that enough endogenous glutamate is released under these conditions to activate group I mGluR; nevertheless, co-application of a mGlu1 receptor antagonist (LY 367385 or JNJ 16259685) and MPEP did not decrease pre-existing epileptiform activity. Furthermore, co-application of LY 367385 and MPEP did not prevent the emergence of epileptiform activity. When ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) antagonists were present, neither MPEP nor the group I mGluR agonist DHPG changed GPSP rate, suggesting that pyramidal cell-to-interneuron iGluR-mediated synaptic connections are involved in the rate change mechanism. In contrast to the lack of effect of group I mGluR antagonists on epileptiform activity in the 4-AP/CGP 55845 model, group I mGluR antagonists blocked the emergence of longer epileptiform events and decreased the overall amount of synchronous activity in the GABAA antagonist/4-AP model. In conclusion, in the 4-AP/CGP 55845 model, enough glutamate was released to activate group I mGluRs and affect GPSP rate via mGlu5 receptors; however, this group I mGluR activation was not required for the generation of the epileptiform activity.
Functional dissection of the human Bc12 protein: sequence requirements for inhibition of apoptosis.

Overexpression of the cytoplasmic oncoprotein Bc12 blocks programmed cell death (apoptosis) in many cellular systems. To map the sequences in Bc12 that are necessary for its activity, we created a library of deletion-scanning mutants of this 239-amino-acid protein and tested their abilities to block staurosporine-induced fibroblast apoptosis, using a novel transient-transfection assay. Phenotypes of informative mutants were then confirmed by assaying for inhibition of steroid-induced apoptosis in stably transfected T-lymphoid cells. In accordance with earlier results, we found that Bc12 activity was only partially reduced after deletion of the hydrophobic tail that normally anchors it in cytoplasmic membranes. Essential sequences were found in the remainder of the protein and appeared to be organized in at least two discrete functional domains. The larger, more C-terminal region (within residues 90 to 203) encompassed, but extended beyond, two oligopeptide motifs called BH1 and BH2, which are known to mediate dimerization of Bc12 and related proteins. The second, more N-terminal regions (within residues 6 to 31) was not required for protein dimerization in vivo, but its deletion imparted a dominant negative phenotype, yielding mutants that promoted rather than inhibited apoptotic death. Residues 30 to 91 were not absolutely required for function; by deleting most of this region along with the hydrophobic tail, we derived a 155-residue mini-Bc12 that retains significant ability to inhibit apoptosis.
Characterizing and Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Potential Therapeutic Strategies

It has long been known that conventional strategies to curtail cell growth and proliferation (such as cytotoxic therapy) are not particularly effective in the setting of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In recent years, translational efforts have yielded effective therapies predicated on the biology of the disease. Examples of this include cytokine therapy (i.e., interferon-α and interleukin-2) and angiogenesis inhibitors (i.e., sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, and bevacizumab). While these agents have drastically altered the landscape of therapy for metastatic RCC, none of these options are curative. A major focus of investigation in recent years has been the complex interplay between tumor and its associated microenvironment. Although existing agents such as sunitinib may modulate this interplay to some extent, direct targeting of the tumor microenvironment is a promising strategy. This chapter serves to outline moieties that play a putative role in modulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Of particular interest is signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), which appears to drive recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) to sites of tumor, thereby stifling the antitumor immune response. In recent years, pharmacologic strategies to antagonize Stat3 have emerged, including inhibitors of upstream activators Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). A second, distinct strategy to augment the antitumor immune response is through disruption of cellular interactions that abrogate T-cell activity. Inhibitors of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), including BMS-936558 and ipilimumab, appear to propagate T-cell activity, and are in varying stages of clinical development. Any success encountered with these therapies or combinations will underscore the critical importance of targeting not only the tumor itself but also the surrounding microenvironment.
Made in Brazil

O marketing de produtos nao e um tema restrito a empresas e empresarios, nem uma questao baseada apenas no valor intrinseco do produto. Envolve iniciativas bem mais amplas. A Certificacao de Origem de produtos e uma delas. Esse “selo” funciona como um certificado de originalidade e diferenciacao e permite uma ampliacao do valor embutido. Assim, ganha status de segunda marca e pode levar os consumidores a pagarem precos premium por produtos que o exibem.
Human Rights International NGOs: A Critical Evaluation

The Human rights movement can be seen in a variety of guises. It can be seen as a movement for international justice or as a cultural project for “civilizing savage” cultures. In this chapter, I discuss a part of that movement as a crusade for a political project. International nongovernmental human rights organizations (INGOs), the small and elite collection of human rights groups based in the most powerful cultural and political capitals of the West, have arguably been the most influential component of the human rights movement. They have led the human rights movement, as they have sought to enforce the application of human rights norms internationally, particularly toward repressive states in the South in areas formerly colonized by the West. This chapter calls INGOs conventional doctrinalists because they are marked by a heavy and almost exclusive reliance on positive law in treaties and other sources of international law. Only after conceding that INGOs indeed have a specific political agenda can discussions be had about the wisdom, problems, and implications for the advocacy of such values. And only then can conversations about the post liberal society start in earnest.
On the Unpredictability of the Supreme Court

The United States Supreme Court today is an object of intense speculation. After two decades of anticipation by Court watchers, the Court may be ready to enter a new era in its history. Commentators debate what the new era will look like, if it does indeed develop. Will the Court reject altogether its mission of protecting individual liberties? If so, what new role will it adopt? Because the Supreme Court is an important and intriguing institution, such speculation is understandable. But ultimately, even the most perceptive observers have a limited capacity to predict the Court's direction as a policy maker. These difficulties in prediction reflect a fundamental reality about the Court: its path is not the inevitable product of the political and social forces that shape its behavior. Rather, less systematic factors can influence the Court's path, making the Court's role as a policy maker largely upredictable.
Implementing Triage Standing Orders in the Emergency Department Leads to Reduced Physician-to-Disposition Times

Emergency departments (EDs) throughout USA have improvised various processes to curb the “national epidemic” termed ED “crowding.” Standing orders (SOs), one such process, are medical orders approved by the medical director and entered by nurses when patients cannot be seen expeditiously, expediting medical decision-making and decreasing length of stay (LOS) and time to disposition. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the impact of SOs on ED LOS and disposition time at a large university ED. Results indicate that SOs significantly improve ED throughput by reducing disposition time by up to 16.9% (), which is especially significant in busy ED settings. SOs by themselves are not sufficient for a complete diagnostic assessment. Strategies such as having a provider in the waiting area may help make key decisions earlier.
Conclusion: Communication, Culture and American Hegemony

Until recently, despite its status as a relatively ideal transnational broadcasting technology, proponents of DBS in the United States for the most part have been marginally positioned in relation to dominant corporate interests and the priorities of foreign policy officials. Instances of status quo information commodity corporations promoting direct broadcasting developments — such as Comsat’s failed efforts in the early 1980s — are rare, whereas instances of other powerful interests working to suppress DBS developments — such as the efforts of the US cable television industry — are not. More generally, US foreign communication policy, historically uncoordinated and leaderless, in the 1980s became the target of an evolving private sector campaign to recast free flow legal efforts into tradebased services and intellectual property rights negotiations. The subsequent ascendancy of the USTR and its largely unanticipated role as a powerful and centrally positioned foreign communication policy agency has helped elevate both the status of information-based commodity interests and has itself successfully produced ade facto free flow of information regime through free trade.
Photocatalytic Enhancements to the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol by Resonantly Excited Triangular Gold–Copper Nanostructures

The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride serves as a well-established model reaction for assessing the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles. While many of the studied nanoparticles are plasmonic in nature, there is little understanding of whether significant photocatalytic enhancements to the reaction rate are achievable. Here, we assess the catalytic and photocatalytic properties of highly faceted, substrate-immobilized nanoprism-like AuCu structures synthesized using a vapor phase templated-assembly technique. The so-formed structures have a bimetallic composition which is well-recognized for its catalytic capabilities as well as a strong localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible spectrum which gives rise to enhanced near-fields at the tips of the triangle. Using a dip catalyst modality, the structures are demonstrated as heterogeneous photocatalysts with a 32-fold enhancement to the reaction rate constant when resonantly illuminated with 10 mW/cm2 laser light....
Nonclinical Evaluation of PF-06438179: A Potential Biosimilar to Remicade ® (Infliximab).

Introduction PF-06438179, a potential biosimilar to Remicade® (infliximab, Janssen Biotech, Inc.), is a chimeric mouse–human monoclonal antibody targeting human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF).
Utilizing microfluidics to investigate temporal gene expression in saccharomyces cerevisia

Recent technological advances in molecular biology techniques and gene expression assays have provided the tools necessary to monitor both native and synthetic biological systems with high temporal resolution. The yeast S. cerevisiae has long served as a workhorse for eukaryotic cell biology and has proven to be an educational model for the study of complex cellular processes such as aging, cancer progression, and the development of genetic disease. The ease with which we can manipulate the yeast genome makes it particularly conducive to gene expression studies, as fluorescent protein fusions can provide a read-out of native protein production in vivo. A novel microfluidic device developed by our lab allows for single-cell dynamical measurements over long time periods, and thus enables the collection of valuable statistics for studying the development of biological processes within a population of cells. Here, we utilize our device to investigate the temporal transcription program of the enzymes involved in the galactose utilization network in yeast. Motivated by a recent E. coli study, which discovered that the production of enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis is precisely timed in order to optimize metabolic efficiency, we employ S. cerevisiae as a model to investigate whether a similar phenomenon exists in more complex organisms. Utilizing a gravity-driven media switch on our device, we can alternate between inducing and non-inducing medium and monitor the precise timing of production of the three key galactose enzymes. We present multi-color fluorescence trajectories, representing the in vivo enzyme production of individual cells, and we compare the three trajectories to investigate their temporal expression program. Our data presents a novel property of eukaryotic gene expression and highlights the potential of single-cell fluorescence microscopy to shed light on complex biological processes
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY OF BROMOMIROESTROL.

THE crystal and molecular structures of bromomirœstrol, C20H21O6Br, were determined by Taylor, Hodgkin and Rollett in 19591 by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The present communication deals with their type I crystal, which has a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21, cell constants of a0 = 7.23 A, b0 = 5.98 A, c0 = 20.33 A, β = 92.4°, Z = 2, and a calculated density of 1.65 g/cm3.
Developmental Maturation and Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors-Mediated Gene Expression Changes in Ovine Middle Cerebral Arteries

The Alpha Adrenergic Signaling Pathway is one of the chief regulators of cerebrovascular tone and cerebral blood flow (CBF), mediating its effects in the arteries through alpha1-adrenergic receptors (Alpha1AR). In the ovine middle cerebral artery (MCA), with development from a fetus to an adult, others and we have shown that Alpha1AR play a key role in contractile responses, vascular development, remodeling, and angiogenesis. Importantly, Alpha1AR play a significant role in CBF autoregulation, which is incompletely developed in a premature fetus as compared to a near-term fetus. However, the mechanistic pathways are not completely known. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that as a function of maturation and in response to Alpha1AR stimulation there is a differential gene expression in the ovine MCA. We conducted microarray analysis on transcripts from MCAs of premature fetuses (96-day), near-term fetuses (145-day), newborn lambs, and non-pregnant adult sheep (2-year) following stimulation of Alpha1AR with phenylephrine (a specific agonist). We observed several genes which belonged to pro-inflammatory and vascular development/angiogenesis pathway significantly altered in all of the four age groups. We also observed age-specific changes in gene expression-mediated by Alpha1AR stimulation in the different developmental age groups. These findings imply complex regulatory mechanisms of cerebrovascular development.
Following the APA Will Not Eliminate Useful Guidance

I write in response to the article "Judicial Deference Trend Favors Agencies, Says DOJ Official" (Tax Notes, Dec. 13, 2010, p. 1188, Doc 2010-26072, or 2010 TNT 235-7). The article reports remarks of Ronald Buch Jr. of Bingham McCutchen LLP and of Gilbert Rothenberg, acting deputy assistance attorney general in the Department of Justice's Tax Division.
Relation Between Birth Rates and Death Rates

A short notice appeared on page 641 of Science, 1907, of a paper read by C. E. Woodruff before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, on the relation between birth rates and death rates, etc.
Histocompatibility and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

Transfer of skin grafts from mice chronically infected with LCM virus to uninfected syngeneic recipients resulted consistently in graft rejection. Second-set skin grafts from infected donors were rejected in an accelerated fashion. Also rejected were cells of a transplantable adenocarcinoma when transferred from infected donors to uninfected recipients. Lymph node cells of mice immunized with LCM virus were cytotoxic in vitro towards mouse L cells infected with the virus.
Composite Multistep Methods and Stiff Stability

A-stability [Dahlquist (1963A)] and its weaker associates, A[α]-stability [Widlund (1967A)] and stiff stability [Gear(1971D)],** have become generally accepted as appropriate properties of numerical methods suitable for solving a stiff initial value problem, as described by a first order vector ordinary differential equation $$_{\dot X} \left( t \right) = f\left[ {_X \left( t \right),t} \right]$$ (1) with initial condition $$x\left( {t_0 } \right) = x_0 .$$ (2)
Recurrent Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: An Inciting Factor of the Second Hit Phenomenon:

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) after damage control laparotomy (DCL) is not unusual and because of this, patients are treated with open-abdomen techniques to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The occurrence of recurrent ACS (R-ACS) after abdominal wall closure under tension in patients managed with DCL can be a trigger factor for second hit syndrome. Outcomes in this subset have not been previously described. In this 1-year retrospective study of severely injured patients in a Level I trauma center managed with DCL and sequential abdominal wall closure, 26 patients were identified. After attempted abdominal wall closure, 13 (50%) patients had R-ACS and 13 (50%) non-R-ACS. R-ACS patients had a statistically significant higher incidence of multisystem organ failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis as well as requiring longer ventilator support and longer hospital length of stay. We concluded that failure to recognize and treat IAH with development of R-ACS after tension abdominal wall closure in patients with DCL will trigger the second hit syndrome with increased risk of morbidity. Institution of a management algorithm with intra-abdominal pressure/abdominal perfusion pressure surveillance at the time of abdominal wall closure can potentially ameliorate complications.
Results and Implications of the NAEP Mathematics Assessment: Secondary School.

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has now reported its first mathematics assessment.* This article will examine the NAEP mathematics assessment for the two youngest age groups: 9-year-olds and 13-year-olds. The mathematics assessment was done in 1972-73 and will be repeated each five years, with about half of the exercises repeated from one assessment to the next. Previous articles in the Arithmetic Teacher (Foreman and Mehrens, 1968; Martin and Wilson, 1974) have provided information on the nature of the exercises, the procedures for assessment, the purposes of assessment, and general information on NAEP.
Template-Based Statistical Modeling and Synthesis for Noise Analysis of Ballistocardiogram Signals: A Cycle-Averaged Approach

Objective: Ballistocardiogram (BCG) can be recorded using inexpensive and non-invasive hardware to estimate physiological changes in the heart. In this paper, a methodology is developed to evaluate the impact of additive noise on the BCG signal. Methods: A statistical model is built that incorporates subject-specific BCG morphology. BCG signals segmented by electrocardiogram RR intervals (BCG heartbeats) are averaged to estimate a parent template and subtemplates leveraging the quasi-periodic nature of the heart. Noise statistics are obtained for subtemplates with respect to the parent template. Then, a synthesis algorithm with adjustable additive noise is devised to generate subtemplates based on the individual's parent template and statistics. For the example use of the synthesis algorithm, the average correlation coefficient between subtemplates and the parent template (subtemplate versus parent template approach) is tested as a signal quality index. Results: A BCG heartbeat synthesis framework that incorporates an individual's BCG morphology and physiological variability was developed to quantify variations in the BCG signal against additive noise. The signal quality assessment of a person's BCG recording can be performed without requiring any a priori knowledge of the person's BCG morphology. A data-driven constraint on the required minimum number of heartbeats for a reliable template estimation was provided. Conclusion: The impact of additive noise on BCG morphology and estimated physiological parameters can be analyzed using the developed methodology without requiring prior statistics. Significance: This paper can facilitate the performance evaluation of BCG analysis algorithms against additive noise.
Social memory assets as a defense mechanism: the Onondaga Pottery in World War II

ABSTRACTOrganizations fall back on their identities in times of uncertainty as a way of making sense of unfamiliar situations and to reflect on their values in the face of attack. Identity formation is inextricably linked to memory, both that of the individual organization and its members and the collective memory of the society in which it functions. The collective memory of the United States holds wartime service in high esteem, and for an organization facing hardship, this can open the door to an opportunity to build goodwill by linking identity to that narrative for an external audience. In this article, I analyze a case study of the Onondaga Pottery in World War II using the concept of social memory assets (SMAs) to see how management created an SMA based on the memory of their contributions to the war effort and deployed it as a tool when threatened by cuts in tariff rates during the Cold War. I demonstrate that SMAs can be used not only to proactively create a competitive advantage for an organizat...
Assessing lower extremity coordination and coordination variability in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during walking.

Abstract Background Despite our knowledge of several biomechanical risk factors related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, such as decreased knee flexion, increased knee abduction, and increased hip flexion, adduction and internal rotation during walking, jogging, and landing from a jump, the incidence of ACL tears remains high. Quantifying variability in the lower extremity provides a continuous measure of joint coordination and function that may elicit an additional aspect of ACL injury mechanisms. Research question: The aim of this study was to assess joint coordination patterns and variability in individuals following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Methods Twenty participants with unilateral ACLR and twenty uninjured participants matched by sex and body mass index (BMI) walked over-ground at self-selected speed. Two force plates embedded in the walking platform recorded ground reaction forces (GRF), and a motion capture system collected kinematic data. Vector coding was used to describe coordination patterns and measure coordination variability in hip-knee and knee-ankle coupled motion. Results: Individuals with ACLR had greater variability in hip-knee coordination compared to their healthy counterparts for both the reconstructed and contralateral limbs. The individuals with ACLR also exhibited altered coordination patterns, one of which was characterized by constrained hip motion. Significance These results are evidence that differences in joint coordination exist between individuals with and without ACLR, even after the former are cleared to return to sport. This new insight into coordinative function after ACLR may be useful for improving rehabilitation strategies as well as identifying those at risk of injury during return to sport testing.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis patterns among patients with rheumatic diseases receiving high-risk immunosuppressant drugs.

Abstract Introduction/objectives Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a rare but potentially fatal opportunistic infection; however, consensus varies around which conditions or medications confer a level of risk sufficient to justify antibiotic prophylaxis for PJP. We used electronic health record (EHR) data to assess the current patterns of PJP prophylaxis, PJP outcomes, and prophylaxis-related adverse events among patients with rheumatic diseases who were receiving high-risk immunosuppressant drugs. Methods Data derive from the EHR of a large health system. We included new immunosuppressant users with diagnoses of vasculitis, myositis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. We calculated the proportion of patients who received PJP prophylaxis for each diagnosis and drug combination. We also calculated the number of PJP infections and the number of antibiotic adverse drug events (ADEs) per patient-year of exposure. Results We followed 316 patients for 23.2 + /- 14.2 months. Overall, 124 (39%) of patients received prophylactic antibiotics for PJP. At least 25% of patients with the highest risk conditions (e.g. vasculitis) or highest risk immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclophosphamide) did not receive PJP prophylaxis. We found no cases of PJP infection over 640 patient-years of follow up, including among those not receiving prophylaxis, and an overall incidence rate of ADEs of 2.2% per patient-year. Conclusions PJP prophylaxis for patients with rheumatic conditions is inconsistent, with one quarter of patients who have high risk conditions or high risk immunosuppressants not receiving prophylaxis. However, given extremely low rates of PJP infection, but detectable ADEs to prophylactic antibiotics, our findings suggest that evidence to guide more personalized risk assessments are needed to inform PJP prophylaxis.
Adaptive Robust High-degree Cubature Filter Based On Target Tracking

Target tracking system has strong-nonlinearity with non-Gaussian noise, thus making traditional Cubature Kalman Filter have low tracking accuracy due to sensitivity to non-Gaussian noise. Considering that the High-degree CKF and Maximum Correntropy Kalman Filter can conquer the nonlinearity of system and non-Gaussianity of measurement noise and system noise respectively, the measurement update process of HCKF is transformed to statistical linear regression equation based on the combination of Maximum Correntropy Criterion and HCKF, and adjust the kernel width adaptively, which solves the nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity problem. Simulation proves that the proposed robust generalized high-degree cubature filter is better than traditional CKF and simple MCKF both in tracing accuracy.
Radiative decays and the $\mathbf {SU(6)}$ Lie Algebra

We present research on radiative decays of vector ($J^{PC}=1^{--}$) to pseudoscalar ($J^{PC}=0^{-+}$) particles ($u$, $d$, $s$, $c$, $b$, $t$ quark system) using broken symmetry techniques in the infinite momentum frame and equal time commutation relations and the $SU(6)$ Lie algebra and conducted without ascribing any specific form to meson quark structure or intra-quark interactions. We utilize the physical electromagnetic current $j_{em}^{\mu}(0)$ including its singlet $U(1)$ term and focus on the $SU(6)$ $35$-plet. We derive new relations involving the electromagnetic current (including its singlet--proportional to the $SU(6)$ singlet). Remarkably, we find that the electromagnetic current singlet plays an intrinsic role in understanding the physics of radiative decays and that the charged and neutral $\rho$ meson radiative decays into $\pi \, \gamma$ are due entirely to the singlet term in $j_{em}^{\mu}(0)$. Although there is insufficient radiative decay experimental data available at this time, parametrization of possible predicted values of $\Gamma({{D}^{*}}^{0}\rightarrow D^{0}\,\gamma)$ is made. For conciseness and self-containment, we compute all $SU(6)$ Lie algebra simple roots, positive roots, weights and fundamental weights which allow the construction of all $SU(6)$ representations. We also derive all non-zero $SU(6)$ generator commutators and anti-commutators---useful for further research on grand unified theories.
A Longitudinal Assessment of Head Injuries as a Source of Acquired Neuropsychological Deficits and the Implications for Criminal Persistence

Few studies have identified factors that may promote criminal persistence. One such influence may be acquired neuropsychological deficits, or subtle changes to brain structure or functioning stemmi...
Dynamics Behind a Record-Breaking Trough over Mexico and Internal Atmospheric Variability during El Niño

AbstractA major winter storm took place over Mexico during 7 to 11 March 2016, impacting 28 states and leaving four million families without power. Extensive agricultural damage and livestock death...
Poor Utilization of Nimodipine in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Abstract Objective: To determine adherence to nimodipine administration in patients admitted with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Background: Oral nimodipine (60 mg every 4 hours for 21 days) is recommended by the national guidelines for aSAH. A Cochrane systematic review has determined that nimodipine reduces the risk of cerebral ischemia and is currently the only effective drug for the prevention of vasospasm in aSAH patients. Design/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 109 patients with aSAH admitted to the Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a tertiary care medical center between 2010 and 2013. Nimodipine-prescribing patterns, days of therapy completed, and adverse effects were tabulated. Patients not initiated on nimodipine and reasons for prematurely stopping therapy were noted. Results: One hundred two (93%) patients with aSAH were started on oral nimodipine upon admission to the NICU. Early death (3%) and hypotension (1%) were reasons why patients were not started on nimodipine. Only 36 (33%) patients received nimodipine, 60 mg orally every 4 hours for 21 days. In 26 patients (39%), the dose of nimodipine was reduced because of excessive drops in blood pressure. Transient discontinuation occurred in 2 (2%) patients. Thirty one (47%) patients were discharged from the hospital before 21 days and nimodipine was not ordered to continue at home. Conclusion: We found that the majority of patients with aSAH in our practice did not complete 21 days of nimodipine. Hypotension was mostly responsible for dosing change or discontinuation.
A Case Report of Cognitive Processing Therapy Delivered Over a Single Week

Although evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), have been developed and widely disseminated, the rate of veterans engaging in and completing these therapies is low. Alternative methods of delivery may be needed to help overcome key barriers to treatment. Delivering evidence-based therapies intensively may address practical barriers to treatment attendance as well as problems with avoidance. This report details the case of a combat veteran who received 10 sessions of Cognitive Processing Therapy delivered twice per day over a single, five-day work week (CPT-5). Post-treatment, the veteran reported large and clinically meaningful decreases in PTSD and depression symptom severity as well as in guilt cognitions, which is a purported mechanism of successful treatment. These effects persisted six weeks after treatment ended. Despite the intensive nature of the treatment, the veteran found CPT-5 tolerable and could cite many benefits to completing therapy in one work week. In conclusion, CPT-5 holds promise as a way to efficiently deliver an evidence-based therapy that is both clinically effective and acceptable to patients, although more rigorous clinical trials are needed to test this treatment delivery format.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Thromboembolism in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Allogeneic and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Background: Thromboembolism (TE) is a common complication of hospitalized non-transplant cancer patients. To date, the extent and impact of TE in stem cell transplant patients is unknown, in part because it is considered a low risk group given the high prevalence of thrombocytopenia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for TE in cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all discharge summaries from the 115 US academic health centers reporting to the University HealthSystem Consortium from 1995 to 2002. We identified a total of 7,087 patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplantation. The incidence of and risk factors for venous and arterial TE was analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted odds ratios as estimates of relative risk. Results: TE was reported in 389 (5.5%) transplant patients with 4.8% patients developing venous and 0.7% arterial TE. The incidence of TE was greater in allogeneic (6.8%) compared to autologous (4.8%) transplant patients (p 30 days (OR=1.66; 1.30–2.13; p Conclusions: This is the first substantive report on the incidence of thromboembolism in stem cell transplant patients. We found that thromboembolic events are a frequent complication in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing stem cell transplantation. The incidence of TE is high among most subgroups studied. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in this high-risk population.
Correction to: Glycemic control and healthcare utilization following pregnancy among women with pre-existing diabetes in Navajo Nation.

In the original publication of this article [1] an author’s name needs to be revised from Katrina Nelson to Adrianne Katrina Nelson.
Geographies of Disability in the Letters of Rimbaud: Mapping Colonialism and Disablement in Yemen and Ethiopia

While the poetry and tumultuous personal details of Rimbaud’s young adult life in France have received significant attention by literary scholars, his business exploits in Yemen and Ethiopia as a c...