cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Provisioning Process and Socio-Economic Modeling

The radical difference between orthodox and heterodox economics emanates from the different views of the capitalist socio-economic system. Economics as the science of social provisioning felicitously describes the heterodox view that economy is part of the evolving social order; social agency is embedded in the social and cultural context; a socio-economic change is driven by technical and cultural changes; and the provisioning process is open-ended. Such a perspective on economy offers ample methodological and theoretical implications for modeling the capitalist economy in a realistic manner. It lends itself especially to the micro-macro synthetic approach. Thus the objective of this paper is twofold: 1) to examine how the concept of the social provisioning process can be clarified and expanded by virtue of recent development in heterodox methodology and 2) to discuss how methodological development would nourish the heterodox modeling and theorizing of the capitalist social provisioning process.
A characterization of ultraspherical, Hermite, and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind

ABSTRACTWe show that the only orthogonal polynomials with a generating function of the form F(xz−αz2) are the ultraspherical, Hermite, and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. For special F for which this is the case, we then finish the classification of orthogonal polynomials with more general generating functions F(xw(z)−R(z)).
Transport of n-3 fatty acids from the intestine to the retina in rats

This study was undertaken to determine the mode of transport of the essential (n-3) fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid 22:6(n-3) and linolenic acid 18:3(n-3). Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats received a mixture of corn oil and [14C]18:3(n-3) or [14C]22:6(n-3) by gavage. At periods of 1 to 4 days after the injection, four rats per time point were killed and samples of blood were taken via heart puncture and the livers and retinas were collected. Blood lipoproteins and plasma proteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by HPLC. Lipids were extracted and saponified and the fatty acids were converted to phenacyl esters for separation of individual fatty acids. After 1 and 2 h, radioactivity from 18:3(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) was observed primarily in the chylomicron/very low density lipoprotein fraction. By 4 h, radioactivity in the lipoprotein fraction was greatly decreased, with a small amount of radioactivity associated with albumin in the soluble protein fraction. After 24 h, the total amount of radioactivity associated with lipoprotein was further reduced, with more than half of the remaining label occurring in association with albumin and another unidentified protein. In the liver, 22:6(n-3) was concentrated in triacylglycerols (40.7%) and phospholipids (51.1%), with a maximum specific activity at 4 h. In the rod outer segments (ROS), the specific activity of [14C]22:6(n-3) increased to a maximum at 24 h and maintained a high level even at 4 days. These data suggest that after injection, 18:3(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) are esterified to triglyceride and phospholipid by the intestinal absorptive cells and transported in chylomicrons to the liver. After conversion of 18:3(n-3) to 22:6(n-3) in the liver, the retina accumulates 22:6(n-3) which may be transported from the liver via albumin and another unidentified protein, and is retained by the rod outer segments.
Textual Analysis in Real Estate

Summary This paper incorporates text data from MLS listings into a hedonic pricing model. We show that the comments section of the MLS, which is populated by real estate agents who arguably have the most local market knowledge and know what homebuyers value, provides information that improves the performance of both in-sample and out-of-sample pricing estimates. Text is found to decrease pricing error by more than 25%. Information from text is incorporated into a linear model using a tokenization approach. By doing so, the implicit prices for various words and phrases are estimated. The estimation focuses on simultaneous variable selection and estimation for linear models in the presence of a large number of variables using a penalized regression. The LASSO procedure and variants are shown to outperform least-squares in out-of-sample testing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Survey of Soil-Reinforcement Interface Friction

The most important aspect of reinforced earth is the sliding shear resistance between the soil and reinforcements expressed in terms of a sliding friction angle or a coefficient of friction. A number of different procedures have been followed in order to quantify this physical property and as a result there is a wide range of reported values. In the present paper, the friction coefficient values of smooth and rough brass strips as determined by modified direct shear tests and by pull out and wall rotation tests in a model box are given and interpreted. For smooth strips, it is found that direct shear and pull out tests give comparable results and the friction coefficients are not influenced by the density. For rough strips, however, pull out tests may give much higher friction values than the direct shear tests as density increases. In wall rotation tests which are an attempt to represent the friction mobilization mechanism in reinforced earth, the friction coefficient values appear to be limited by the values obtained from direct shear tests for both smooth and rough strips, irrespective of density
Approximating the least core value and least core of cooperative games with supermodular costs

Abstract We study the approximation of the least core value and the least core of supermodular cost cooperative games. We provide a framework for approximation based on oracles that approximately determine maximally violated constraints. This framework yields a 3-approximation algorithm for computing the least core value of supermodular cost cooperative games, and a polynomial-time algorithm for computing a cost allocation in the 2-approximate least core of these games. This approximation framework extends naturally to submodular profit cooperative games. For scheduling games, a special class of supermodular cost cooperative games, we give a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for computing the least core value. For matroid profit games, a special class of submodular profit cooperative games, we give exact polynomial-time algorithms for computing the least core value as well as a least core cost allocation.
Rh2(esp)2: An Efficient Catalyst for O–H Insertion Reactions of Carboxylic Acids into Acceptor/Acceptor Diazo Compounds

Rh2(esp)2 has been identified as a highly efficient catalyst for O–H insertion of carboxylic acids into acceptor/acceptor diazo compounds. The insertion reaction proceeds in CH2Cl2 within minutes at room temperature in excellent yields and accommodates carboxylic acids having varying functionalities including amino acids, free alcoholic and phenolic O–H, indole N–H, alkenes, alkynes, and substituted aromatics. In addition, the reaction tolerates a broad range of stable diazo compounds carrying diverse functional groups.
Effects of Autonomous Vehicle Ownership on Trip, Mode, and Route Choice

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) may significantly change traveler behavior and network congestion. Empty repositioning trips allow travelers to avoid parking fees or share the vehicle with other household members. Computer precision and reaction times may also increase road and intersection capacities. AVs are currently being test driven on public roads and may be publicly available within the next two decades; they therefore may be within the span of 20- to 30-year planning analyses. Despite this time scale, AV behavior has yet to be incorporated into planning models. This paper presents a multiclass, four-step model that includes AV repositioning to avoid parking fees (although incurring additional fuel costs) and increases in link capacity as a function of the proportion of AVs on the link. Demand is divided into classes by value of time and AV ownership. Mode choice—parking, repositioning, or transit—is determined through a nested logit model. Traffic assignment is based on a generalized cost function of ti...
Decarboxylative Fluorination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids via Photoredox Catalysis

The direct conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alkyl fluorides has been achieved via visible light-promoted photoredox catalysis. This operationally simple, redox-neutral fluorination method is amenable to a wide variety of carboxylic acids. Photon-induced oxidation of carboxylates leads to the formation of carboxyl radicals, which upon rapid CO2-extrusion and F• transfer from a fluorinating reagent yield the desired fluoroalkanes with high efficiency. Experimental evidence indicates that an oxidative quenching pathway is operable in this broadly applicable fluorination protocol.
The Influence of Inverter-Based DGs and Their Controllers on Distribution Network Protection

The ever growing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in a distribution network has a profound impact on network protection and stability. Traditional protection schemes and algorithms need to be extensively investigated as more and more DGs get introduced into the network. The current version of IEEE Standard 1547 does not present a comprehensive solution for fault current detection in the presence of various kinds of DGs. Power electronic inverter-based DGs (IBDGs) are of special concern in distribution network protection as they are often incapable of providing sufficient fault current and their controllers play a principal role in the DG behavior. In this paper, the effects of voltage and current controllers for IBDGs on industrial and commercial power system protection schemes are investigated. It is shown that the inverter control mode has a direct impact on its fault current levels and duration. A simplified distribution network model with IBDG operating under voltage and current control modes was tested to verify the effects of these controllers. This paper also proposes an adaptive relaying algorithm to detect the faults in the presence of IBDGs with various types of controllers.
Disorder in cholesterol-binding functionality of CRAC peptides: a molecular dynamics study.

The cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif is a primary structure pattern used to identify regions that may be responsible for preferential cholesterol binding in many proteins. The leukotoxin LtxA, which is produced by a pathogenic bacterium, contains two CRAC seqences, only one of which is responsible for cholesterol binding, and the binding is required for cytotoxicity. The factors, in addition to the CRAC definition, that may be responsible for cholesterol-binding functionality and atomistic interactions between the CRAC region and cholesterol are as yet unknown. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to identify structural characteristics and specific interactions of the two LtxA CRAC peptides with both pure phospholipid and binary cholesterol–phospholipid bilayers. We have identified changes in the secondary structure of these peptides that occur upon cholesterol binding, which are not seen when it is associated with a cholesterol-devoid membrane, and which sho...
Towards Unrestricted Public Use Business Microdata: The Synthetic Longitudinal Business Database

Resume Dans la plupart des pays, les instituts nationaux de statistique ne publient pas les micro-donnees relatives aux entreprises. Les publier presente en effet un risque trop eleve de rupture de confidentialite. Ce risque peut etre evite par un recours a des donnees synthetiques---des donnees simulees a partir de modeles statistiques reproduisant la loi des veritables micro-donnees. Dans cet article, nous decrivons une application de cette strategie a la creation d'une telle base de donnees a partir des resultats du recensement economique annuel des entreprises americaines. Cette base de donnee comprend plus de 20 millions d'entreprises sur une periode remontant a 1976. L'U.S. Bureau of Census et l'Internal Revenue Service ont recemment approuve la publication sous forme synthetique de ces micro-donnees, faisant ainsi de la Longitudinal Business Database le premier ensemble de micro-donnees de ce type accessible au public aux Etats-Unis. Nous expliquons la facon dont cette base de donnees synthetiques a ete creee, comment sa validite a ete testee, et comment son risque de rupture de confidentialite a eteevalue. Summary In most countries, national statistical agencies do not release establishment-level business microdata, because doing so represents too large a risk to establishments’ confidentiality. One approach with the potential for overcoming these risks is to release synthetic data; that is, the released establishment data are simulated from statistical models designed to mimic the distributions of the underlying real microdata. In this article, we describe an application of this strategy to create a public use file for the Longitudinal Business Database, an annual economic census of establishments in the United States comprising more than 20 million records dating back to 1976. The U.S. Bureau of the Census and the Internal Revenue Service recently approved the release of these synthetic microdata for public use, making the synthetic Longitudinal Business Database the first-ever business microdata set publicly released in the United States. We describe how we created the synthetic data, evaluated analytical validity, and assessed disclosure risk.
Sexual Dimorphism in Accipiter Hawks: A New Hypothesis

morphism from vulturine species, through the intermediate mammalian and insect-feeding predators, to the extreme found in the highly active bird-capturing hawks (e.g., certain accipiters and falcons). Most of the theories offered in explanation of reversed sexual dimorphism can be categorized into two groups: (1) those which propose that the condition arose as an adaptation reducing intraspecific competition by creating differential feeding habits of the sexes (Briill 1937; Hagen 1942; Dementiev 1951; Storer 1955, 1966; Selander 1966); and (2) those that cite the need of female dominance to prevent the occurrence of filicidal behavior by the male (Hagen 1942; Amadon 1959). Another aspect of female dominance, proposed by Cade (1960), and presently accepted by Brown and Amadon (1968), is that dimorphism arose in response to the need of female dominance of the male in order to maintain him in his role
Chemistry of the Versatile (Hydroxymethyl)phosphinyl P(O)CH2OH Functional Group

(Hydroxymethyl)phosphorus compounds are well-known and valuable compounds in general; however the use of (hydroxymethyl)phosphinates R1P(O)(OR2)CH2OH in particular has been much more limited. The potential of this functionality has not yet been fully realized because the mild unmasking of the hydroxymethyl group was not available. The mild oxidative conversion of R1P(O)(OR2)CH2OH into R1P(O)(OR2)H using the Corey–Kim oxidation is described. Other reactions preserving the methylene carbon are also reported.
Infinitely dilute partial molar properties of proteins from computer simulation.

A detailed understanding of temperature and pressure effects on an infinitely dilute protein’s conformational equilibrium requires knowledge of the corresponding infinitely dilute partial molar properties. Established molecular dynamics methodologies generally have not provided a way to calculate these properties without either a loss of thermodynamic rigor, the introduction of nonunique parameters, or a loss of information about which solute conformations specifically contributed to the output values. Here we implement a simple method that is thermodynamically rigorous and possesses none of the above disadvantages, and we report on the method’s feasibility and computational demands. We calculate infinitely dilute partial molar properties for two proteins and attempt to distinguish the thermodynamic differences between a native and a denatured conformation of a designed miniprotein. We conclude that simple ensemble average properties can be calculated with very reasonable amounts of computational power. I...
III-V and Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit Technologies

Photonic Integrated Circuits are transitioning to a role as the only viable technology for many emerging photonics solutions. This tutorial reviews the status of InP and Si PIC technologies, including strengths and application domains of each.
Are Trade Size‐Based Inferences About Traders Reliable? Evidence from Institutional Earnings‐Related Trading

The use of observed transaction sizes to differentiate between �small� and �large� investor trading patterns is widespread. A significant concern in such studies is spurious effects attributable to misclassification of transactions, particularly those originating from large investors. Such effects can arise unintentionally, strategically, or endogenously. We examine comprehensive records of a sample of institutional investors (i.e., �large� traders), including their order sizes and overall position changes, to assess the degree to which such misclassifications give rise to spurious inferences about �small� and �large� investor trading activities. Our analysis shows that these institutions are heavily involved in small transaction activity. It also shows that they increase their order sizes substantially in announcement periods relative to nonannouncement periods, presumably as an endogenous response to earnings news. In the immediate earnings announcement period, transaction size-based inferences about directional trading are quite misleading�producing spurious �small trader� effects and, more surprisingly, erroneous inferences about �large trader� activity.
Long Term Care Nurses’ Feelings on Communication, Teamwork and Stress in Long Term Care

ABSTRACT The goals of this study were to identify how long term care nursing employees felt about communication, teamwork and stress in doing their work. Data from long term care nursing employees on their comparative opinions of receiving information and being asked for their input, giving help to others and receiving help in doing their jobs, and their opinions of the stress level in their jobs were collected through an online survey. Analysis provides an assessment of associations between demographic information and nursing employees’ opinions. Results include statistically significant associations, using Pearson correlations. The differences between being told what they needed to know and being asked for their input, as well as the opinions about giving as opposed to receiving help from others and the level of stress in their jobs were found meaningful. Implications from these data include value and contribution in implementing health care management curriculum delivery based upon long term care nursing employees’ perceptions. KEY WORDS: Communication, Teamwork, Stress, Long term care, Nursing
Geometric model of image formation in Scheimpflug cameras

We present a geometric model of image formation in Scheimpflug cameras that is most general. Scheimpflug imaging is commonly used is scientific and medical imaging either to increase the depth of field of the imager or to focus on tilted object surfaces. Existing Scheimpflug imaging models do not take into account the effect of pupil magnification (i.e. the ratio of the exit pupil diameter to the entrance pupil diameter), which we have found to affect the type of distortions experienced by the image-field upon lens rotations. In this work, we have also derived the relationship between the object, lens and sensor planes in Scheimpflug configuration, which is very similar in form with the standard Gaussian imaging equation, but applicable for imaging systems in which the lens plane and the sensor plane are arbitrarily oriented with respect to each other. Since the conventional rigid camera, in which the sensor and lens planes are constrained to be parallel to each other, is a special case of the Scheimpflug camera, our model also applies to imaging with conventional cameras.
Oxidative (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reactions of Diaza-Oxyallyl Cationic Intermediates and Indoles for the Synthesis of Imidazoloindolines

An oxidative diaza-(3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction of simple urea derivatives with substituted indoles has been developed. This transformation provides rapid access to highly functionalized imidazoloindolines that are represented in bioactive compounds. The reported method is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups and directly provides unique heterocyclic scaffolds from indoles and a simple urea derivative.
Dark Matter and the Higgs in Natural SUSY

Null results from dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments and the 125 GeV Higgs both pose serious challenges to minimal supersymmetry. In this paper, we propose a simple extension of the MSSM that economically solves both problems: a “dark sector” consisting of a singlet and a pair of SU(2) doublets. Loops of the dark sector fields help lift the Higgs mass to 125 GeV consistent with naturalness, while the lightest fermion in the dark sector can be viable thermal relic DM, provided that it is mostly singlet. The DM relic abundance is controlled by s-wave annihilation to tops and Higgsinos, leading to a tight relation between the relic abundance and the spin-dependent direct detection cross section. As a result, the model will be fully probed by the next generation of direct detection experiments. Finally we discuss the discovery potential at LHC Run II.
Petrochemical comparison of 3.5 Ga old mafic amphibolite inclusions from eastern Hebei province with Archean mafic — ultramafic supracrustals of uncertain antiquity, southern Jilin eastern Liaoning provinces, China

New major element data for coexisting minerals and bulk-rock REE analyses, combined with previously obtained petrologic/geologic information, allow comparison of Archean mafic-ultramafic meta-igneous rocks from adjacent portions of northeastern Sino-Korean shield. Isotope data published by previous workers document an Early Archean age of formation for metabasaltic rocks now occurring as mafic amphibolite inclusions in tonalitic gneisses west of Bohai Bay (area A). Mafic-ultramafic mineral assemblages developed in amphibolite fades Archean supracrustals east of Bohai Bay (area B) are chemically similar, but pre-existing phase associations have been overprinted by the effects of several later metamorphic events. Non-peridotitic area B protoliths appear to be more magnesian, averaging ∼ 12 wt. % MgO (versus ∼ 7 wt. % for area A), and are slightly less fractionated in REE concentrations relative to chondrites (La-Lu=30-8X versus 37-14X for area A), thus perhaps being more mantle-like than area A metabasaltic analogues. The basaltic-komatiitic series east of Bohai Bay probably represents the most ancient crust of that region, being invaded by Archean tonalites, which were subsequently converted to orthogneisses. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that, similar to area A metabasaltic rocks now found as amphibolitic inclusions in orthogneisses, area B mafic supracrustals were formed during Early or Middle Archean time, prior to widespread isofacial amphibolite facies metamorphism (600–700°C, 5–7 kb, low αH2O).
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) accounted for 56% of the 1026 patients with a monoclonal plasma cell disorder seen at the Mayo Clinic during 1992. Approximately 3% of persons older than 70 years and 1% of those older than 50 years had MGUS. In a series of 241 Mayo Clinic patients with a serum M-protein but no evidence of multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis, lymphoma, or related disorders, followed up for 20 to 35 years (median, 22 years), the condition of 19% remained stable. Ten percent had an increase in the serum M-protein to 3.0 g/dL or more but did not require chemotherapy, whereas 47% died of unrelated causes. 59 of the 241 patients (24.5%) developed a serious disease during the median follow-up period of 22 years: multiple myeloma in 39 patients, primary amyloidosis in 8, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in 7, and other malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in 5. The actuarial rate of malignant transformation was 17% at 10 years and 33% at 20 years. The median interval from diagnosis of MGUS to the diagnosis of serious disease was 8.5 to 10.5 years. No single factor can differentiate a patient with benign monoclonal gammopathy from one in whom a malignant plasma cell disorder will subsequently develop. Therefore, the serum M-protein must be measured and a clinical evaluation conducted periodically.
Silyl Radical Activation of Alkyl Halides in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis: A Unique Pathway for Cross-Electrophile Coupling

A strategy for cross-electrophile coupling has been developed via the merger of photoredox and transition metal catalysis. In this report, we demonstrate the use of commercially available tris(trimethylsilyl)silane with metallaphotoredox catalysis to efficiently couple alkyl bromides with aryl or heteroaryl bromides in excellent yields. We hypothesize that a photocatalytically generated silyl radical species can perform halogen-atom abstraction to activate alkyl halides as nucleophilic cross-coupling partners. This protocol allows the use of mild yet robust conditions to construct Csp3–Csp2 bonds generically via a unique cross-coupling pathway.
Propagation of Reactions in Inhomogeneous Media

Consider reaction-diffusion equation ut = Δ u + f(x,u) with x ∊ ℝd and general inhomogeneous ignition reaction ℝ ≥ 0 vanishing at u = 0,1. Typical solutions 0 ≤ u ≤ 1 transition from 0 to 1 as time progresses, and we study them in the region where this transition occurs. Under fairly general qualitative hypotheses on f we show that in dimensions d ≤ 3, the Hausdorff distance of the superlevel sets {u ≥e} and {u ≥ 1-e} remains uniformly bounded in time for each e ∊ (0,1). Thus, u remains uniformly in time close to the characteristic function of {u ≥½} in the sense of Hausdorff distance of superlevel sets. We also show that each {u ≥ e} expands with average speed (over any long enough time interval) between the two spreading speeds corresponding to any x-independent lower and upper bounds on f. On the other hand, these results turn out to be false in dimensions d ≥ 4, at least without further quantitative hypotheses on f. The proof for d ≤ 3 is based on showing that as the solution propagates, small values of u cannot escape far ahead of values close to 1. The proof for d ≥ 4 is via construction of a counterexample for which this fails. Such results were before known for d = 1 but are new for general non-periodic media in dimensions d ≥ 2 (some are also new for homogeneous and periodic media). They extend in a somewhat weaker sense to monostable, bistable, and mixed reaction types, as well as to transitions between general equilibria u− < u+ of the PDE and to solutions not necessarily satisfying u− ≤ u ≤ u+.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting State Brain Network Disturbances Related to Hypomania and Depression in Medication-Free Bipolar Disorder

Research on resting functional brain networks in bipolar disorder (BP) has been unable to differentiate between disturbances related to mania or depression, which is necessary to understand the mechanisms leading to each state. Past research has also been unable to elucidate the impact of BP-related network disturbances on the organizational properties of the brain (eg, communication efficiency). Thus, the present work sought to isolate network disturbances related to BP, fractionate these into components associated with manic and depressive symptoms, and characterize the impact of disturbances on network function. Graph theory was used to analyze resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 60 medication-free patients meeting the criteria for BP and either a current hypomanic (n=30) or depressed (n=30) episode and 30 closely age/sex-matched healthy controls. Correction for multiple comparisons was carried out. Compared with controls, BP patients evidenced hyperconnectivity in a network involving right amygdala. Fractionation revealed that (hypo)manic symptoms were associated with hyperconnectivity in an overlapping network and disruptions in the brain's 'small-world' network organization. Depressive symptoms predicted hyperconnectivity in a network involving orbitofrontal cortex along with a less resilient global network organization. Findings provide deeper insight into the differential pathophysiological processes associated with hypomania and depression, along with the particular impact these differential processes have on network function.
Diversity of ankyrins in the brain.

Introduction A major revolution in biology has resulted in the identification and characterization of many of the components of cells at a molecular level. A significant challenge for the future is to determine how these molecules are assembled in cells and, at a higher level of organization, how the molecular ensembles of cells are able to participate in tissues. Structural proteins are likely candidates to play an important role in determining the molecular organization of cells and tissues. This paper deals with the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, which is a system of proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membranes of many metazoan cells [ 1, 21. Potential roles for the spectrin skeleton include organization of integral proteins in areas such as basolateral domains of epithelial tissues, caps of lymphocytes and specialized domains of neurons. Ankyrins constitute a family of intracellular structural proteins that are candidates to couple a variety of integral membrane proteins to the spectrin skeleton. Integral proteins that are currently known to associate with ankyrins in assays in vitro and that are co-localized with ankyrin in tissue include: the anion exchanger in erythrocytes [ 31 and collecting ducts of kidney [4]; the Na'/K+-ATPase in distal tubule cells of kidney [5-71; and the voltage-dependent Na+ channel at nodes of Ranvier of myelinated axons and at neuromuscular junctions [8-lo]. Additional integral proteins demonstrated to interact with ankyrin in vitro include AEG205 of brain [ l l ] and CD44 of lymphocytes [ 121. The detailed protein interactions of ankyrins are best understood in human erythrocytes where this protein forms a ternary complex involving the cytoplasmic domain of the anion exchanger and the /?-subunit of spectrin. The observations of multiple proteins that associate with ankyrin raise the question of how this system of interacting proteins achieves diversity without compromising specificity. This paper will review recent work in brain indicating that one source of diversity is due to multiple genes for ankyrin, as well as alternative splicing of premRNAs. In addition, results from mapping of recognition sites of ankyrin will be discussed and
Materials problems in the design of magnetically confined plasma fusion reactors

From joint meeting of the American Nuclear Societty and the Atomic Industrial Forum and Nuclear Energy Exhibition; San Francisco, California, USA (11 Nov 1973). Materials engineering problems are discussed for the following areas: superconducting magnets, tritium breeding, structural materials, radiation damage, electrical insulating materials, tritium problems, hydrogen diffusion barrier, remote fabrication, thermal insulation, and magnet shield. (MOW)
Optimal Target Assignment and Path Finding for Teams of Agents

We study the TAPF (combined target-assignment and path-finding) problem for teams of agents in known terrain, which generalizes both the anonymous and non-anonymous multi-agent path-finding problems. Each of the teams is given the same number of targets as there are agents in the team. Each agent has to move to exactly one target given to its team such that all targets are visited. The TAPF problem is to first assign agents to targets and then plan collision-free paths for the agents to their targets in a way such that the makespan is minimized. We present the CBM (Conflict-Based Min-Cost-Flow) algorithm, a hierarchical algorithm that solves TAPF instances optimally by combining ideas from anonymous and non-anonymous multi-agent path-finding algorithms. On the low level, CBM uses a min-cost max-flow algorithm on a time-expanded network to assign all agents in a single team to targets and plan their paths. On the high level, CBM uses conflict-based search to resolve collisions among agents in different teams. Theoretically, we prove that CBM is correct, complete and optimal. Experimentally, we show the scalability of CBM to TAPF instances with dozens of teams and hundreds of agents and adapt it to a simulated warehouse system.
Finite Depth Gravity Water Waves in Holomorphic Coordinates

In this article we consider irrotational gravity water waves with finite bottom. Our goal is two-fold. First, we represent the equations in holomorphic coordinates and discuss the local well-posedness of the problem in this context. Second, we consider the small data problem and establish cubic lifespan bounds for the solutions. Our results are uniform in the infinite depth limit, and match our earlier infinite depth result in Hunter et al. (Commun Math Phys, 2014).
Duality, Gauge Symmetries, Renormalization Groups and the BKT Transition

In this chapter, I will briefly review, from my own perspective, the situation within theoretical physics at the beginning of the 1970s, and the advances that played an important role in providing a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory (BKT). Over this period, it became clear that the Abelian gauge symmetry of the 2D-XY model had to be preserved to get the right phase structure of the model. In previous analyses, this symmetry was broken when using low order calculational approximations. Duality transformations at that time for two-dimensional models with compact gauge symmetries were introduced by Jose, Kadanoff, Nelson and Kirkpatrick (JKKN). Their goal was to analyze the phase structure and excitations of XY and related models, including symmetry breaking fields which are experimentally important. In a separate context, Migdal had earlier developed an approximate Renormalization Group (RG) algorithm to implement Wilson’s RG for lattice gauge theories. Although Migdal’s RG approach, later extended by Kadanoff, did not produce a true phase transition for the XY model, it almost did asymptotically in terms of a non-perturbative expansion in the coupling constant with an essential singularity. Using these advances, including work done on instantons (vortices), JKKN analyzed the behavior of the spin–spin correlation functions of the 2D XY-model in terms of an expansion in temperature and vortex-pair fugacity. Their analysis led to a perturbative derivation of RG equations for the XY model which are the same as those first derived by Kosterlitz for the two-dimensional Coulomb gas. JKKN’s results gave a theoretical formulation foundation and justification for BKT’s sound physical assumptions and for the validity of their calculational approximations that were, in principle, strictly valid only at very low temperatures, away from the critical TBKT temperature. The theoretical predictions were soon tested successfully against experimental results on superfluid helium films. The success of the BKT theory also gave one of the first quantitative proofs of the validity of the RG theory.
A Pathophysiological Model-Driven Communication for Dynamic Distributed Medical Best Practice Guidance Systems

There is a great divide between rural and urban areas, particularly in medical emergency care. Although medical best practice guidelines exist and are in hospital handbooks, they are often lengthy and difficult to apply clinically. The challenges are exaggerated for doctors in rural areas and emergency medical technicians (EMT) during patient transport. In this paper, we propose the concept of distributed executable medical best practice guidance systems to assist adherence to best practice from the time that a patient first presents at a rural hospital, through diagnosis and ambulance transfer to arrival and treatment at a regional tertiary hospital center. We codify complex medical knowledge in the form of simplified distributed executable disease automata, from the thin automata at rural hospitals to the rich automata in the regional center hospitals. However, a main challenge is how to efficiently and safely synchronize distributed best practice models as the communication among medical facilities, devices, and professionals generates a large number of messages. This complex problem of patient diagnosis and transport from rural to center facility is also fraught with many uncertainties and changes resulting in a high degree of dynamism. A critically ill patient's medical conditions can change abruptly in addition to changes in the wireless bandwidth during the ambulance transfer. Such dynamics have yet to be addressed in existing literature on telemedicine. To address this situation, we propose a pathophysiological model-driven message exchange communication architecture that ensures the real-time and dynamic requirements of synchronization among distributed emergency best practice models are met in a reliable and safe manner. Taking the signs, symptoms, and progress of stroke patients transported across a geographically distributed healthcare network as the motivating use case, we implement our communication system and apply it to our developed best practice automata using laboratory simulations. Our proof-of-concept experiments shows there is potential for the use of our system in a wide variety of domains.
Large-Signal Model for Small-Size High-Speed Carrier-Injection Silicon Microring Modulator

We develop a compact model for carrier-injection silicon microring modulators with diameters as small as 5 µm and data rates up to 25 Gb/s. This large-signal model can be co-simulated with CMOS driver circuits, and can accurately predict the optical eye diagrams.
Legal and ethical implications of mobile live-streaming video apps

The introduction of mobile apps such as Meerkat, Periscope, and Facebook Live has sparked enthusiasm for live-streaming video. This study explores the legal and ethical implications of mobile live-streaming video apps through a review of public-policy considerations and the computing literature as well as analyses of a mix of quantitative and qualitative user data. We identify lines of research inquiry for five policy challenges and two areas of the literature in which the impact of these apps is so far unaddressed. The detailed data gathered from these inquiries will significantly contribute to the design and development of tools, signals or affordances to address the concerns that our study identifies. We hope our work will help shape the fields of ubiquitous computing and collaborative and social computing, jurisprudence, public policy and applied ethics in the future.
Efficient collective decision-making, marginal cost pricing, and quadratic voting

We discuss the mechanisms related to quadratic voting, from Vickrey’s counter-speculation mechanism and his second-price auction, through the family of Groves mechanisms and its most notable member, the Clarke mechanism, to the expected externality mechanism, Goeree and Zhang’s mechanism, the Groves–Ledyard mechanism, and the Hylland–Zeckhauser mechanism. We show that each mechanism that involves collective decisions has a quadratic aspect and that all of the mechanisms that we discuss are applications of the fundamental insight that for a process to be efficient, all parties involved must bear the marginal social costs of their actions.
Finance and sources of growth: evidence from the U.S. states

How does financial development affect economic growth: through its impact on accumulation of physical and human capital or by boosting total factor productivity (TFP) growth? We use a new data set on output, inputs, and total factor productivity for the US states to study this question. Unlike previous cross-country research that tries to disentangle the channels through which financial development impacts growth, we use a plausibly exogenous measure of financial development: the timing of banking deregulation across states during the period 1970–2000. At the same time our new data set allows us to go beyond what was previously done in the state banking deregulation literature and identify whether finance impacts states’ input accumulation or TFP growth. We find, in line with existing cross-country studies, that deregulation boosts growth by accelerating both TFP growth and the accumulation of physical capital without having any impact on human capital. In contrast to the cross-country studies, we also find that the effects of deregulation are largely independent of states’ initial level of development; both rich and poor states grow faster after deregulation. Additionally, since our data set breaks down aggregate output into three sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and the remaining industries, we are able to show that deregulation accelerates the growth of productivity in manufacturing. This last finding answers an important critique of the banking deregulation studies which asserts that observed growth effects may be coming from the growth of financial industry itself and not from the beneficial effect of finance on other industries, such as manufacturing.
Strong coupling of localized surface plasmons and ensembles of dye molecules

We have studied strong exciton-plasmon coupling in the films of silver nanoislands and layer-by-layer deposited films of gold nanoparticles coated by highly concentrated R6G dye. The experimental results agree with the analytical model.
Design and control of a recovery system for legged robots

This paper describes the design and control of a support and recovery system for use with planar legged robots. The system operates in three modes. First, it can be operated in a fully transparent mode where no forces are applied to the robot. In this mode, the system follows the robot closely to be able to quickly catch the robot if needed. Second, it can provide a vertical supportive force to assist a robot during operation. Third, it can catch the robot and pull it away from the ground after a failure to avoid falls and the associated damages. In this mode, the system automatically resets the robot after a trial allowing for multiple consecutive trials to be run without manual intervention. The supportive forces are applied to the robot through an actuated cable and pulley system that uses series elastic actuation with a unidirectional spring to enable truly transparent operation. The nonlinear nature of this system necessitates careful design of controllers to ensure predictable, safe behaviors. In this paper we introduce the mechatronic design of the recovery system, develop suitable controllers, and evaluate the system's performance on the bipedal robot RAMone.
Detection of water and/or hydroxyl on asteroid (16) Psyche

NASA [NNH14CK55B]; Eugene M. Shoemaker Postdoctoral Fellowship (NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program); NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics grants [NNX14AN05G, NNX14AN35G]; NASA Solar System Observing grant [NNX16AE91G]
Public Attitudes Toward Punishment, Rehabilitation, and Reform: Lessons from the Marquette Law School Poll

Since the late 1990s, many opinion surveys have suggested that the American public may be growing somewhat less punitive and more open to reforms that emphasize rehabilitation over incarceration. In order to assess current attitudes toward punishment, rehabilitation, and the criminal justice system, we collected survey data of 804 registered voters in Wisconsin. Among other notable results, we found strong support for rehabilitation and for the early release of prisoners who no longer pose a threat to public safety. However, we also found significant divisions in public opinion. For instance, while black and white respondents largely shared the same priorities for the criminal justice system, black respondents tended to see the system as less successful in achieving those priorities. Additionally, we found significant differences in the views of Democrats and Republicans, with Republicans more likely to favor punishment as a top priority and Democrats more likely to support rehabilitation. Finally, we found that survey respondents that hold negative views of African Americans are significantly less likely to support rehabilitation, even after statistically controlling for the other variables in the model.
Nursing's Role in Addressing Palliative Care Needs of Stroke Patients.

Although patient survival after stroke has improved, stroke remains a leading cause of death and severe disability. It is the second leading cause of death globally1 and fifth in the United States.2 The risk of death in the first 5 years after stroke is ≈50%, with the greatest risk in the first year.3 With advances in acute stroke treatment, stroke survivors and their family members are faced with making potentially life-altering decisions in both acute and chronic phases of stroke. Patient and family engagement in decision-making is critical, especially when faced with treatment decisions that may include transitioning from active treatment to a palliative approach to care. Palliative care is an emerging focal area and an important part of stroke care, but healthcare professionals are still uncertain about the intersection of palliative care with acute stroke care and the timing of initiating transitions to palliative care.4 Given these uncertainties, the palliative care needs of patients and families may go unrecognized. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of stroke palliative care and recommendations for nurses caring for stroke patients and their families...
Spatially uniform resistance switching of low current, high endurance titanium–niobium-oxide memristors

We analyzed micrometer-scale titanium–niobium-oxide prototype memristors, which exhibited low write-power ( millions of cycles). To understand their physico-chemical operating mechanisms, we performed in operando synchrotron X-ray transmission nanoscale spectromicroscopy using an ultra-sensitive time-multiplexed technique. We observed only spatially uniform material changes during cell operation, in sharp contrast to the frequently detected formation of a localized conduction channel in transition-metal–oxide memristors. We also associated the response of assigned spectral features distinctly to non-volatile storage (resistance change) and writing of information (application of voltage and Joule heating). These results provide critical insights into high-performance memristors that will aid in device design, scaling and predictive circuit-modeling, all of which are essential for the widespread deployment of successful memristor applications.