cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SET1, a yeast member of the trithorax family, functions in transcriptional silencing and diverse cellular processes.

The trithorax gene family contains members implicated in the control of transcription, development, chromosome structure, and human leukemia. A feature shared by some family members, and by other proteins that function in chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation, is the presence of a 130- to 140-amino acid motif dubbed the SET or Tromo domain. Here we present analysis of SET1, a yeast member of the trithorax gene family that was identified by sequence inspection to encode a 1080-amino acid protein with a C-terminal SET domain. In addition to its SET domain, which is 40 ‐50% identical to those previously characterized, SET1 also shares dispersed but significant similarity to Drosophila and human trithorax homologues. To understand SET1 function(s), we created a null mutant. Mutant strains, although viable, are defective in transcriptional silencing of the silent mating-type loci and telomeres. The telomeric silencing defect is rescued not only by full-length episomal SET1 but also by the conserved SET domain of SET1. set1 mutant strains display other phenotypes including morphological abnormalities, stationary phase defects, and growth and sporulation defects. Candidate genes that may interact with SET1 include those with functions in transcription, growth, and cell cycle control. These data suggest that yeast SET1, like its SET domain counterparts in other organisms, functions in diverse biological processes including transcription and chromatin structure.
Urinary incontinence in spina bifida: Initial instrument validation.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to perform a psychometric assessment of the Incontinence Symptom Index-Pediatric (ISI-P) in a cohort of adolescents with spina bifida (SB) and neuropathic urinary incontinence (UI) to test its validity and reliability. The ISI-P, an 11-item instrument with domains for symptom severity and impairment, was self-administered by subjects 11–17 years old with SB and UI. Controls were 11–17 years old, with nephrolithiasis and no history of UI. Formal psychometric assessment included an evaluation of internal consistency, test re-test reliability and factor analysis. Of 78 study-eligible subjects we attempted to contact, 33 (66.7% female) with a median age of 13.1 years completed the ISI-P (42.3% response rate). 21 control patients also completed the ISI-P. Cronbach's alpha was 0.936 and 0.792 for the severity and bother factors respectively. The delta Chi-square test for the two-factor (vs. one-factor) model was significantly [ χ 2 (89) = 107.823, p
Intraabdominal paraanastomotic aneurysms after aortic bypass grafting

Abstract Although the reported incidence of intraabdominal paraanastomotic aneurysms after abdominal aortic bypass grafting ranges from 1% to 15%, the true incidence is unknown because few studies have used routine, serial radiographic or sonographic imaging studies. Since July 1, 1988, we have used yearly abdominal sonography examinations to monitor our patients with aortic grafts. In the first 33 months we studied 138 patients. Medical records of 111 of these were available for review and form the basis of this report. Eleven patients (10%) were found to have intraabdominal paraanastomotic aneurysms ranging in overall size from 4.1 to 6.2 cm (mean, 5.0 ± 0.7 cm). The mean time between operation and detection of an aneurysm was 144 ± 101 months (range, 8 to 336 months). Three paraanastomotic aneurysms occurred within 3 years of operation, and the remaining eight occurred late (7 to 28 years). By life-table analysis, the incidence of paraanastomotic aneurysms was 27% at 15 years. Paraanastomotic aneurysms were classified as either pseudoaneurysms (presumed disruption of the anastomotic suture line, n = 7) or as true aneurysms (widening of the adjacent aorta, n = 4). True aneurysms occurred only after repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, whereas pseudoaneurysms were more frequent after bypass for occlusive disease. The finding of paraanastomotic aneurysms in 10% of our patients supports the use of yearly sonography for routine follow-up after aortic grafting. (J Vasc Surg 1992;15:344–53.)
The relationships of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: evidence from sequences of vertebrate 28S ribosomal RNA genes

A subgenomic library created from genomic DNA of Latimeria chalumnae was screened for 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) clones. The resulting clone was subcloned into a plasmid vector, and over 2 kb of the 28S rRNA region was sequenced. Sequences of 28S rRNA genes were also obtained for Rhineura floridana (Squamata), Cyprinella lutrensis (Actinopterygii), and Lampetra aepyptera (Petromyzontiformes) by cloning and/or amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. The 28S rDNA sequences were aligned for all the above species as well as for the previously published 28S rDNA sequences of the genera Mus, Rattus, and Homo (Mammalia), Xenopus (Amphibia), and Drosophila (Insecta). Phylogenetic analysis of these species (using both the insect and lamprey sequences for outgroup comparison, or using only the lamprey sequence in the outgroup) produced a single optimal solution: (Outgroup(Cyprinella(Latimeria(Xenopus(Rhineura(Homo(Rattus(Mus)))))))). Bootstrap analysis indicated that the placement of L. chalumnae on this tree was significant at p < 0.01. Previously published alternative hypotheses of relationships of Latimeria require at least 19 additional steps compared to the optimal solution; the rDNA data are sufficient to reject the hypotheses that place Latimeria in groups other than the sarcopterygians.
Buffers for the reconstitution of aspartate aminotransferase

The cofactor activation of the apoenzyme of pig heart cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase was studied in various buffers. Cationic buffers are shown to allow maximal reconstitution in the pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. Anionic buffers made up of mono- and dicarboxylates are found to affect reconstitution in a pH-dependent manner. At low pH, the carboxylates strongly inhibit reconstitution, but at high pH, they show less effect. In contrast, the more potent inhibitor Pi shows the opposite pH profile. Dicarboxylates are considerably more inhibitory than monocarboxylates. Substantial protection against inhibition by a number of carboxylates may be achieved by the addition of sodium chloride.
The enthalpy of oxidation of flavin mononucleotide

Abstract The oxidation enthalpy of reduced flavin mononucleotide at pH 7.0 in 0.2 m phosphate buffer has been studied by determining the heat associated with the reaction: FMNH 2 + 2 Fe(CN) −3 6 ⇌ FMN + 2 Fe(CN) −4 6 + 2 H + . (a) (The quinone, semiquinone, and hydroquinone forms of FMN are represented as FMN, FMNH, and FMNH 2 , respectively.) Calorimetric experiments were performed in a flow microcalorimeter which was modified to prevent sample contamination by oxygen. The enthalpy observed for reaction (a), after correction for dilution and buffer effects, was −39.2 ± 0.4 kcal (mole FMNH 2 ) −1 at 25 °C. The potential difference, ΔE ′, developed by reaction (a) was determined potentiometrically and corresponded to a free energy change, ΔG ′, of −30.3 kcal (mole FMNH 2 ) −1 . The resulting entropy change, ΔS ′, was thus calculated to be −29.8 e.u. Reaction (a) was also studied at temperatures of 7 °C and 35.5 °C. ΔC p ′ for the reaction was calculated as −155 ± 18 cal deg −1 (mole FMNH 2 ) −1 at 20 °C. ΔH ′ for the reaction (b), FMNH 2 ⇌ FMN + H 2 , (b) was calculated as +14.2 ± 0.7 kcal mole −1 at 25 °C, relative to the enthalpy of the hydrogen electrode being identically equal to zero at all values of pH and temperature. The free energy at pH 7.0 for reaction (b), calculated from the potential was found to be −9.7 kcal mole −1 , which resulted in an entropy for reaction (b) of 80.2 e.u. A thermal titration of reaction (a) was used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters for the formation of semiquinone dimer according to the reaction FMNH 2 + FMN ⇌ (·FMNH) 2 . (c) The free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes for reaction (c) were estimated to be −6.1 kcal mole −1 , −7 kcal mole −1 , and −3 e.u., respectively.
Are density reduction treatments effective at managing for resistance or resilience to spruce beetle disturbance in the southern Rocky Mountains

Abstract While bark beetle disturbance is an inherent component of coniferous forest ecosystems throughout the northern hemisphere, associated tree mortality and ensuing changes in forest composition and structure may conflict with timber, wildlife, water and other resource management objectives. Therefore, host tree density reduction has been suggested as a management option to increase forest stand resistance to beetle infestation, protect remaining trees and maintain forest resources. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such treatments to mitigate spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) infestation or their influence on the stand structural controls of beetle disturbance in subalpine spruce-fir forests in the Rocky Mountains. We addressed this research gap in a retrospective assessment of the impact of density reduction treatments on stand composition and structure and subsequent (ca. 5–20 years later) spruce beetle infestation in southwestern Colorado. The study area was located at the fringe of an ongoing spruce beetle outbreak and at the time of sampling was affected by endemic to incipient beetle pressure. Stand structural attributes and beetle infestation were measured in treated and untreated control stands at four sites. Classification tree analyses revealed spruce diameter and its interaction with spruce basal area percentage as the most important drivers of tree-level beetle infestation. The number, basal area and proportions of beetle-infested spruce were lower in treated stands at sites where treatments significantly reduced the abundance of large spruce trees and where the abundance of large spruce was relatively high prior to tree removal. However, spruce density reduction did not result in a reduction of infestation rates in the remaining large (>25 cm DBH) spruce during the ongoing beetle outbreak. While confirming previous assessments on the limited effectiveness of density reduction treatments for mitigating stand-level beetle infestation, this study provides further insights on the stand structural controls that mediate forest management effects on beetle disturbance dynamics. We conclude by suggesting that priority should be given to management practices that enhance resilience by increasing spruce advance regeneration in the understory as opposed to treatments aimed at achieving resistance to beetle disturbance.
Directing Electoral Appeals Away From the Center: Issue Position and Issue Salience

This study analyzes issues used repeatedly by the ANES in studying presidential races, 1972-88. Three conclusions stand out in the findings: (1) on issues offering concentrated benefits and diffuse or deferred costs, there is a correlation between issue position and issue salience; (2) those issues tend to be most salient to strong proponents, and of almost no salience to strong opponents; (3) consequently, the optimal candidate lo cation on such issues is not at the mean preference of the electorate, but between that preference and the preference of the strong proponents of each issue.
Modeling of Gas Cloud Expansion at High Altitude with Radiation Transport

Time-accurate simulations of the expansion of a spherically symmetric aluminum gas cloud produced by an explosive-type generator (ETG) are performed using a newly developed radiative-gasdynamic algorithm. The method utilizes a kinetic e ux-splitting scheme, extended to account for dense gases, in conjunction with coupled radiation transport. Results obtained for typical ETG detonation conditions are characterized by extremely high expansion velocities, as well as the transition of radiation transport from an optically thick to an optically thin regime. The e ow structures and radiative power output histories observed in these simulations are presented and discussed.
Reputation versus Social Learning

A folk theorem of game theory illustrates that strategic use of reputation can drastically alter the equilibrium play of an isolated group of n-players engaged in a finitely repeated game. We show that this folk theorem may fail in social settings where many groups of n-players play the game sequentially. The ability to strategically use reputation dies out over time due to players' opportunity to observe the play of earlier groups. This phenomenon is demonstrated in a model of Bayesian recurring games by using old and new techniques from the rational learning literature combined with a notion of purification. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C73, D83.
Exchange-rate volatility and commodity trade between the E.U. and Egypt: evidence from 59 industries

In recent years, the effects of exchange-rate risk on trade flows have been studied for numerous cases, with studies focusing on disaggregated, industry-level exports and imports for a pair of countries’ import and export volumes. This study examines the specific case of Egypt’s trade with the European Union, applying cointegration analysis to quarterly data for 59 industries’ export and import flows. We find that, compared to studies of other countries, relatively few trade flows respond to increased risk in the short run. In the long run, however, a large proportion responds negatively. These include the major industries of petroleum and gas. Further analysis suggests that non-manufactures are particularly susceptible to increased risk, particularly for Egyptian exports.
Training in minimal access gynaecological surgery

Training in minimal access surgery is the source of much discussion in European endoscopy circles. The apprenticeship model of training, long a hallmark of the British medical system, is being replaced by modular training. The European working time directive, reduction in junior doctors’ hours, and the need to cover emergency duties are largely driving this change.
SU-E-T-498: A Preliminary Monte Carlo Simulation Study of the Varian TrueBeam Linear Accelerator.

Purpose: To benchmark the quality of Monte Carlo simulation results with the commissioning data for a Varian TrueBeam accelerator. Methods: IAEA phase space files of a 6MV TrueBeam accelerator provided by Varian were implemented using GEANT4 Monte Carlo code. The present application consisted of upper and lower jaws and a cubic water phantom of 0.125 cubic meters in volume. Both radial and transverse dose profiles (in 5 different depths) and a central axis percentage depth dose (PDD) curve were recorded in the phantom. Field sizes of as small as 4×4 cm2 and as large as 30×30 cm2 were simulated with 2.0E9 incident particles each. The results were then compared with our commissioning data performed in a Wellhoffer Blue Phantom with a 0.13cc ion‐chamber and a 0.8×0.8mm diode. Results: The GEANT4 simulated PDD curve compared favorably within ∼2% against the measured ion‐chamber PDD for all field sizes and against the measured diode PDD for all fields less then 20×20cm2. The simulated in‐plane and cross‐plane profiles compared well within 2 mm at the 50% level against the measured profiles for all field sizes.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing Monte‐Carlo simulated beam data in the commissioning of a linear accelerator. The increasing speed and capability of the desktop computer will Result in the adoption of Monte‐ Carlo techniques for dosimetric calculations.
Consummatory Drinking of the Chinchilla.

The first of two experiments monitored the water consumption of 11 chinchillas for 83 consecutive hours. Ss displayed not only a diurnal rhythm of drinking, but faster rhythms as well. Ss drank at a consistent rate of 3-4 licks/sec. Significant between-S differences in the duration of bursts of licking were found. In the second experiment, 10 non-water-deprived chinchillas showed a preference for apple juice over water as measured by licks/hour.
Hereditary factors in the Pierre Robin syndrome

Summary Nine family histories of children with the Pierre Robin syndrome have been presented, demonstrating a hereditary background present in these families. These hereditary patterns do not follow the patterns for cleft lip (with or without cleft palate) and solitary cleft palate.
Development of a photolabile amine protecting group suitable for multistep flow synthesis

9-Hydroxymethylxanthene derivatives were optimized as a photolabile protecting group for amines in flow chemistry. 9-Methylxanthene and 2-methoxy-9-methylxanthene showed excellent deprotection yields in protic and aprotic solvents, respectively. The protecting group has good stability in acidic, basic, and thermal conditions and was successfully utilized for protection and deprotection of a variety of amines. A multistep continuous-flow synthesis of a piperazinylcarbonyl-piperidine derivative utilized the 2-methoxy-9-methylxanthene as the key protecting group utilized in an orthogonal manner.
Large-signal modeling of SiGe HBT for PA applications

Accurate modeling of large-signal behavior of power amplifiers (PAs) is key in minimizing the number of design spins and design cycle time. This paper presents the 1- and 2-tone large-signal behavior of SiGe HBT with respect to power, frequency, bias, and transistor geometry. While the transistor's weak non-linearity is largely determined by the trans-conductance (Gm) and the quasi-static (QS) charge-storage of the transistor, its high-power large-signal behavior heavily depends on the high-current gain roll-off characteristics and supply clamping. It is discussed from a PA-design standpoint how the SiGe bandgap engineering impacts the large-signal behavior through a steeper gain compression at high currents and high power levels. It is also shown that the 2-tone inter-modulation products of a transistor are closely related to its 1-tone distortion characteristics. Finally an accurate prediction of critical parameters of a practical WCDMA PA was demonstrated with careful accounting of the high-current effects in the SiGe HBT transistor.
The finite element machine: an assessment of the impact of parallel computing on future finite element computations

The requirements of complex aerospace vehicles combined with the age of structural analysis systems enhance the need to advance technology toward a new generation of structural analysis capability. Recent and impeding advances in parallel and supercomputers provide the opportunity to significantly improve these structural analysis capabilities for large order finite element problems. Long-term research in parallel computing, associated with the NASA Finite Element Machine project, is discussed. The results show the potential of parallel computers to provide substantial increases in computation speed over sequential computers. Results are given for sample problems in the areas of eigenvalue analysis and transient response.
Micro-arcsecond metrology (MAM) testbed overview

One of the most critical technology requirements for the Space Interferometry Mission is that the difference in pathlength traveled by the starlight through each arm of the instrument be known with picometers of precision. SIM accomplishes this by using an internal laser metrology system to measure the optical path traveled by the starlight. The SIM technology program has previously demonstrated laser gauges with measurement accuracy below 10 picometers. The next challenge is to integrate one of these gauges into a full interferometer system and demonstrate that the system still operates at the required level. For SIM, the ultimate requirement is that the internal metrology system be able to give an accurate measure of the starlight internal path difference to about 150 picometers over its narrow-angle field, with a goal of 50 picometer accuracy. This accuracy must be maintained even as SIM's various active systems articulate the SIM optics and vary the SIM internal pathlengths. The Microarcsecond Metrology Testbed (MAM) is a full single-baseline interferometer coupled with a precision pseudostar, intended to demonstrate the level of agreement between starlight and metrology phase measurements needed to make microarcsecond-level measurements of stellar positions. MAM has been under development for several years and is now producing picometers-level consistency that translates into microarcseconds-level performance. This paper will present an overview of the MAM Testbed, together with recent results targeting the 150 picometer performance level required by SIM.
Optimizing synchrotron microCT for high-throughput phenotyping of zebrafish

We are creating a state-of-the-art 2D and 3D imaging atlas of zebrafish development. The atlas employs both 2D histology slides and 3D benchtop and synchrotron micro CT results. Through this atlas, we expect to document normal and abnormal organogenesis, to reveal new levels of structural detail, and to advance image informatics as a form of systems biology. The zebrafish has become a widely used model organism in biological and biomedical research for studies of vertebrate development and gene function. In this work, we will report on efforts to optimize synchrotron microCT imaging parameters for zebrafish at crucial developmental stages. The aim of these studies is to establish protocols for high-throughput phenotyping of normal, mutant and diseased zebrafish. We have developed staining and embedding protocols using different heavy metal stains (osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate) and different embedding media (Embed 812 and glycol methacrylate). We have explored the use of edge subtraction and multi-energy techniques for contrast enhancement and we have examined the use of different sample-detector distances with unstained samples to explore and optimize phase-contrast enhancement effects. We will report principally on our efforts to optimize energy choice for single- and multi-energy studies as well as our efforts to optimize the degree of phase contrast enhancement.
Edge chemistry engineering of graphene nanoribbon transistors: A computational study

Using the density-functional theory (DFT) simulation and a top-of-the-barrier ballistic transport model, we present a simulation framework for assessing the performance limits of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) FETs with edges terminated by different chemical species. We find significant effects of edge chemistry on the quantum capacitance, carrier injection velocity, channel conductance and balance between the nFET and the pFET of GNRFETs. The H termination is identified to have the largest on current, carrier injection velocity, and the best balance between the nFET and the pFET with typical solid state gating technologies.
An event-driven maximum-likelihood peak position detector for run-length-limited codes in magnetic recording

Many of the current digital magnetic recording devices use a peak position data detector, making a local decision with respect to a given data-derived clock window. As a consequence of an increased linear density with large intersymbol interference (ISI) and peak shifts, more sophisticated linear and nonlinear detection schemes will be necessary which take advantage of the correlation between the pulses. Besides equalization and decision feedback, the maximum-likelihood sequence estimation applied to pulse amplitude detection (PAM) [1] seems to give superior performance. As an alternative this paper will describe a Viterbi detector [2] working on pulse position data (PPM). This detector could be added to conventional implementations without redesigning the whole magnetic readback channel. Due to the nonlinearity of the PPM-channel and the fact that the restrictions of run-length-limited (RLL) codes [3] will be imbedded, the design and analysis will differ from known results.
Neonatal 6-OHDA lesions differentially affect striatal D1 and D2 receptors.

Lesions to the dopamine (DA) system in early postnatal development have different behavioral consequences compared to lesions made in adulthood. Intrastri- atal injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the day of birth (PO) or postnatal day 1 (Pl) produce a selective supersensitivity to D1 receptor agonists and a subsensitivity to D1 antagonists (Neal and Joyce, 1991a). In this paper, we describe the long-term effects of early DA loss on DA receptor regulation. Pups received bilateral intrastriatal injections of the neurotoxin 6-OHDA (4 kg per striatum) on PO or P1. Adult rats were killed at 90 days of age and the brains were processed for quantitative autora- diography (QAR) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry. Cohorts were tested for the behavioral responses to the selective D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 (10 mgkg). Neonatally lesioned rats exhibited increases in abnormal perioral movements in response to D1 receptor stimulation. There was a heterogenous and patchy loss (4650%) of (3H)mazindol binding to high-affinity DA uptake sites (a marker of DA terminal density) and a similar loss of TH-like immunoreactivity within the striata of the neona- tally lesioned rats. There was also a reduction in the number of popioid receptor patches (labelled with (3H)naloxone), a marker for the striatal patch compartment, and a similar patchy loss of D1 binding sites (labelled with (3H)SCH23390). The binding of (3H)spiro- peridol to D2 sites was not altered. This is in contrast to the changes observed following adult 6-OHDA lesions, wherein there is a significant increase in the number of D2 binding sites (Joyce, 1991a,b). The results are discussed with respect to the behavioral consequences of neonatal lesions and the differences between neonatal and adult lesions. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changing the cancer curriculum: A curriculum committee's response to the results of the AACE cancer education survey II

Abstract The AACE Cancer Education Survey‐II offers an unusual opportunity based on data from 125 medical schools and 1,035 experienced cancer educators to effect constructive change with regard to cancer education. The changes suggested include more coordination; integration; and a shift of emphasis to include more on topics of prevention, early diagnosis, tumor biology, rehabilitation, palliative care, and psychosocial issues. Ample opportunities, especially in the ambulatory care arena, exist at most medical schools, and there is a great deal of interest in improving the situation. This article reviews the factors contributing to resistance to change, the data on adult learning, and the major movements and dilemmas facing medical education today. It also discusses some of the external forces like the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) and foundation support, which are being harnessed to effect change. Given these barriers, forces, and opportunities, the article ends with a possible action pl...
Large-scale mantle convection and the history of subduction

A LARGE-SCALE pattern of mantle convention is evident in the shape of the Earth's gravity field1, lateral variations in seismic velocity2,3, the distribution of hotspots4, and long-wavelength bathv metric anomalies5. Paradoxically, these signals of mantle convection bear little resemblance to present-day plate motions1,4, although they seem to be related to past subduction-zone configurations6. Here we quantify this relationship by correlating a time-integrated history of subduction, calculated in the hotspot reference frame for the past 180 Myr, with regions of the deep mantle inferred from other geophysical observations to be colder than average. Our results support suggestions6–9 that a direct relationship exists between large-scale thermal heterogeneity in the lower mantle and subduction during the Cenozoic and Mesozoic.
The Case of FM-AM vs FM-FM Telemetry

The future role of frequency-division multiplex telemetry is discussed and related to the sampled data problem of time-division multiplex telemetry. It is concluded that the frequency-division method will continue to have important applications and the question is raised regarding what is a desirable frequency-division system on which to standardize in the future. An examination of the shortcomings of the FM-FM system and the electronics state of the art leads to the proposal of an FM-AM system to replace the FM-FM system. The AM radio link would be of synchronous type, without threshold, so that the FM-AM system is properly viewed as an FM system with frequency conversion. This has important advantages in spectrum utilization, receiving station design, and data reduction.
Analytical Solution of Time Periodic Electroosmotic Flows: Analogies to Stokes' Second Problem

Analytical solutions of time periodic electroosmotic flows in two-dimensional straight channels are obtained as a function of a nondimensional parameter κ, which is based on the electric double-layer (EDL) thickness, kinematic viscosity, and frequency of the externally applied electric field. A parametric study as a function of κ reveals interesting physics, ranging from oscillatory “pluglike” flows to cases analogous to the oscillating flat plate in a semi-infinite flow domain (Stokes' second problem). The latter case differs from the Stokes' second solution within the EDL, since the flow is driven with an oscillatory electric field rather than an oscillating plate. The analogous case of plate oscillating with the Helmholtz−Smoluchowski velocity matches our analytical solution in the bulk flow region. This indicates that the instantaneous Helmholtz−Smoluchowski velocity is the appropriate electroosmotic slip condition even for high-frequency excitations. The velocity profiles for large κ values show infl...
Membrane cable properties of normal and dystrophic chicken muscle fibers

Abstract Values of fiber radius obtained by square pulse analysis and histological measurements indicated that the innervated dystrophic fibers which had been examined with microelectrodes were hypertrophic. The specific membrane resistance of dystrophic fibers was also greater than normal. In addition, experimentally induced compensatory hypertrophy of innervated nondystrophic (normal) fibers of the posterior latissimus dorsi led to alterations in several membrane characteristics which resulted in values resembling those of innervated dystrophic fibers. Twenty-one days after denervation, the values for the cable properties of normal and dystrophic fibers were increased, yet similar values were attained for the space constant, specific membrane resistance, and membrane capacitance. In both normal and dystrophic muscles which were denervated for 21 days the fiber radius decreased 40%. To study the mechanism underlying the increase of the specific membrane resistance after denervation, the resting membrane conductance was selectively altered. In solutions of low pH (5.0) where chloride conductance was presumably reduced, the space constant, time constant and specific membrane resistance of innervated normal and dystrophic fibers were increased and approached values obtained from 21-day denervated muscles. In contrast, solutions of low pH had no marked effects on 21-day denervated normal and dystrophic muscles. It is suggested that the increased values for these cable properties from denervated normal and dystrophic posterior latissimus dorsi muscles may be partially due to reduced potassium and chloride conductances. Furthermore, the presence of hypertorphic fibers may be a significant morphological adaptation in dystrophic muscles.
Monotonicity of the Yamabe invariant under connect sum over the boundary

We show that the Yamabe invariant of manifolds with boundary satisfies a monotonicity property with respect to connected sums along the boundary, similar to the one in the closed case. A consequence of our result is that handlebodies have maximal invariant.
Anaesthesia for thoracic surgery: recent advances.

This refresher course is in three sections. The first, "correct positioning of double-lumen tube," reviews what is often the most important determinant as to whether thoracic cases (in particular one-lung ventilation cases) proceed smoothly. If the double-lumen tube is in the correct position, the nondependent lung will collapse completely and easily, the surgeon will be able to work efficiently without damaging the lung, and the dependent lung will be unobstructed and easy to ventilate. The second section, "determinants of arterial oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during one-lung ventilation," describes the distribution of blood flow during one-lung ventilation and the factors that may alter that distribution. The choice of anaesthetic drug and technique are factors that may influence the distribution of blood flow during one-lung ventilation. The third section, "management of one-lung ventilation," outlines the initial management of onelung ventilation and what to do if hypoxaemia
Acyl carrier protein is present in the mitochondria of plants and eucaryotic micro‐organisms

Proteins antigenically similar to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) found in the mitochondria of Neurospora crassa were detected by immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay techniques in mitochondria isolated from yeast, potatoes, and pea leaves. These mitochondrial proteins were similar to Neurospora ACP both in their electrophoretic mobility and in their unusual decrease in mobility upon reduction. Authentic ACP(s) show this type of change upon conversion of the acylated to the unacylated form. Purified ACP from both spinach chloroplasts and Escherichia coli cells cross-reacted with antibodies raised against Neurospora ACP. Purified ACP from Neurospora cross-reacted with antibodies raised against spinach chloroplast ACP and E. coli ACP. Mitochondria isolated from beef heart and rat brain were tested extensively and exhibited no cross-reaction with any of the three anti-ACP preparations. The discovery of ACP in the mitochondria of other organisms raises questions concerning the possible relationship between ACP and beta-oxidation in mitochondria, the involvement of ACP in de novo biosynthesis of some of the acyl chains in mitochondria and the subcellular locations of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants and eucaryotic micro-organisms.
Who Lives with Whom? Individual Versus Household Measures:

Conceived of as a contribution to the methodological debate over the relative desirability of measuring living arrangements in terms of households or in terms of individuals the study develops formal relationships between household characteristics measured among the set of households and those measured among the set of individuals. Empirical evidence is presented about what difference it makes to use households rather than individuals as the units of analysis and some measurement tools are developed for analyzing components of change in the prevalence of particular living arrangements. The latter are illustrated with results from representative national samples of the U.S. population in 1910 and 1980. (EXCERPT)
Uniformly spaced λ/4-shifted Bragg grating array with wafer-scale CMOS-compatible process.

We report on an integrated λ/4-shifted Bragg grating array using a wafer-scale complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process with silicon–nitride waveguides. A sidewall grating was used to simplify the fabrication process, and a sampled Bragg grating with equivalent phase-shift structure was employed to achieve an accurate λ/4 phase shift. A four-channel λ/4-shifted Bragg grating array with highly uniform channel spacing was demonstrated with a measured channel spacing variation below 10 pm (1.25 GHz). The high channel-spacing uniformity and the CMOS-compatibility of the demonstrated device hold promise for integrated distributed feedback laser arrays for various silicon photonic applications.
Quantification of the Tropospheric Removal of Chloral (CCl3CHO): Rate Coefficient for the Reaction with OH, UV Absorption Cross Sections, and Quantum Yields

Rate coefficients for the reaction, OH + CCl3CHO (chloral) → products (k5), were measured over the temperature range 233−415 K using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence method, and were determined to be k5(T) = (1.79 ± 0.17) × 10-12 exp[−(240 ± 60)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level with σA = AσlnA, and include estimated systematic errors. Our results are compared with those from previous work and the differences are discussed. UV absorption cross sections of CCl3CHO were measured between 200 and 345 nm and over the temperature range 240−360 K. These measurements are in good agreement with previously reported values. The quantum yields for O, H, and Cl atoms in CCl3CHO photolysis were measured via atomic resonance fluorescence detection following pulsed excimer photolysis. Upper limits for the O atom quantum yield in CCl3CHO photolysis at 308 and 248 nm were measured to be <0.01 and <0.02, respectively. The H atom quantum yields in CCl3CHO ph...
Frost heave in argon

The freezing of argon in silica powder is observed to generate bands of pure solid argon in the same manner as in the phenomenon of ice lens formation in the freezing of moist ground. A first principles dynamical theory describes the mechanism of lens formation by the thermomolecular pressure-driven flow of interfacially melted films at the lens-solid boundary.
Closed Form Continued Fraction Expansions of Special Quadratic Irrationals

We derive closed form expressions for the continued fractions of powers of certain quadratic surds. Specifically, consider the recurrence relation with , , a positive integer, and (note that gives the Fibonacci numbers). Let . We find simple closed form continued fraction expansions for for any integer by exploiting elementary properties of the recurrence relation and continued fractions.
Studies on a sphingolipid activator protein (SAP-2) in fibroblasts from patients with lysosomal storage diseases, including Niemann−Pick disease type C

Abstract Sphingolipid activator protein-2 (SAP-2) has been found to stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of at least three sphingolipids, glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Using monospecific antibodies against SAP-2 the level of SAP-2 was determined in cultured skin fibroblasts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Extracts from 14 controls had 1.03 ± 0.28 μg cross-reactive material/mg solubilized protein and extracts from 46 patients with Niemann-Pick disease Type C had 1.12 ± 0.26. Extracts from other lysosomal storage diseases, including Gaucher disease, Krabbe disease and Niemann-Pick disease Types A, B and D, had normal or slightly elevated SAP-2 concentrations, while extracts from patients with I-Cell disease had half normal SAP-2 concentration. When the fibroblast extracts were subjected to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining two major SAP-2 bands with estimated molecular weights of 9000 and 10000 were found. Extracts from patients with I-Cell disease showed only a faint higher molecular weight band. Isoelectric focusing followed by electroblotting and immunochemical staining demonstrated no significant difference in the charge of SAP-2 obtained from different cell lines. In this study we could not demonstrate any change in concentration, size or charge of SAP-2 in fibroblast extracts from Niemann-Pick disease Type C, and we provided evidence that SAP-2 might be subject to post-translational processing similar to that of lysosomal enzymes.
Ultrasound Staging of Rectal Cancer

Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) is a primary imaging technique in the preoperative evaluation of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this report is to review ultrasound staging with emphasis on technique and potential pitfalls. The role of ultrasound in multimodality staging and surveillance is also explored. An awareness of inherent imaging challenges and implications may optimize staging accuracy and resultant management of rectal cancer patients.
Possible role of the brainstem in the mediation of prepulse inhibition in the rat

Bilateral stimulation of electrodes aimed at the cuneiform nucleus produced significant inhibition of the startle response produced by presentation of an 8-kHz, 110-dB tone. Stimulation of electrodes aimed at the deep mesencephalic nucleus also reduced the magnitude of the startle response, but the effect was less than that following stimulation sites near the cuneiform nucleus. Histological reconstruction of the electrode tip locations revealed a significant negative correlation between the maximum magnitude reduction of the acoustic startle response following an electrical prepulse stimulus and the distance from the cuneiform nucleus. Histological examination also indicated that some electrodes aimed at the cuneiform nucleus were located in or near the inferior colliculus or parabrachial nucleus, all of which are thought to be part of an inhibitory circuit parallel to the acoustic startle reflex arc. These experiments support the view that the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex originates in the brainstem.
Scalloped bank margins: Beginning of the end for carbonate platforms?

Bathymetric, seismic reflection, and satellite data have revealed the common existence of a new type of carbonate bank margin—"scalloped margin"—throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean region. These large (up to tens of kilometres across), irregular, convexbankward embayments are interpreted as predominantly erosional features produced by large-scale failure of platform margins. In tectonically active areas they may be triggered by earthquake shocks, whereas in stable regions they may more likely be the result of undercutting by dissolution and/or deep-water currents. Scalloped margins are common in the south-eastern Bahamas; this suggests that these relatively small, isolated Bahama banks may be erosional remnants of once larger platforms. The processes that create scalloped margins may result in erosional deep-water carbonate basins and, potentially, the demise and disintegration of carbonate platforms.
Vibrational spectral/structural changes from the hydrolysis/polycondensation of methyl-modified silicates. III. IR spectral comparisons for condensates from the binary methyltrimethoxysilane/tetramethoxysilane system

Abstract Comparisons were made for the structures of condensates from the tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)/methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) system upon hydrolysis/polycondensation using infrared spectra. Spectral data indicated that the amount of silicate groups in the gel network possessing hydroxyl bonds increased, and that the gel structure approached that of highly hydroxylated silica as the TMOS content was increased in the precursor solution to form the gel. All generated condensates possessed four-membered (Si-O) 4 rings as structural units within their structures. In contrast to studies for the TMOS/diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS)-derived gels, infrared spectral analysis did not indicate the presence of three-membered (Si-O) 3 rings in the gels for this investigated series.
Observations of 7.9-MICRON Limb Brightening on Jupiter

Gillett et al. (1969) observed that the brightness temperature in the strong 7.7-micron CH4 band was higher than at the neighboring wavelengths (where the absorption was expected to be less) in the Jovian spectrum from 2.8 to 13 microns. This observation was interpreted as being caused by a temperature inversion in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. This interpretation is checked by measuring the variation of the brightness temperature from the center to the limb of the disk, and is confirmed by the observation of limb brightening, rather than the usual limb darkening, at a certain wavelength within the 7.7-micron CH4 band.
An evaluation of albumin microcapsules prepared using a multiple emulsion technique

Albumin microcapsules containing sulphadiazine were prepared using a multiple emulsion technique. Heat was utilized to denature the albumin and form the capsule shell. Albumin microcapsules prepared using this technique were free-flowing, spherical in shape, and had varying degrees of vacuolation. The effects of drug: polymer ratio and concentration of cross-linking agent on the percentage of drug retained in the microcapsules and release of drug from the microcapsules were studied. Also, the effect of viscosity of the innermost oil layer, of the multiple emulsion, upon the mean diameter of the microcapsules and release of drug from the microcapsules was investigated.
Catalyst Site Epimerization during the Kinetic Resolution of Chiral α-Olefins by Polymerization

A new enantiopure C1-symmetric olefin polymerization precatalyst, (1,2-SiMe_2)_2{η^5-C_5H_2-4-((S)-CHEtCMe_3)}{η^5-C_5H-3,5-(CHMe_2)_2}ZrCl_2, (S)-2, was synthesized, and its use for the kinetic resolution of 3-methyl-substituted racemic α-olefins was investigated. Upon activation with methyl aluminoxane (MAO), selectivity factors for most olefins were greater when (S)-2 was used as the catalyst as compared to its previously reported methylneopentyl analogue, (1,2-SiMe_2)_2{η^5-C_5H_2-4-((S)-CHMeCCMe_3)}{η^5-C_5H-3,5-(CHMe_2)_2}ZrCl_2, (S)-1. Pentad analysis of polypropylene produced by the two catalysts at various propylene concentrations indicates that (S)-2 undergoes more efficient site epimerization (polymeryl chain swinging prior to subsequent monomer enchainment) at intermediate propylene concentrations compared to (S)-1. At high and low propylene concentrations, however, the two catalysts behave similarly. On the other hand, polymerization of 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene at different olefin concentrations and temperatures illustrated that selectivity differences between the two catalysts are likely not a consequence of inefficient site epimerization for (S)-1.
BEHAVIOR OF EIGENPHASES NEAR A RESONANCE.

Eigenphases near a resonance are shown to follow an equation which is a simple generalization of the usual equation for the behavior of the phase shift near a resonance in single-channel scattering. The parameters in the equation are shown to have a simple graphical interpretation.
Gynandromorphs of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus portus

A large sample of the pycriogonid Anoplodactylus portus, collected from the Pacific side of the Panama Canal Zone, contains a high percentage of gynandromorphs. The literature on aquatic arthropod gynandromorphs is outlined. The nature and variations of the sexual mosaic population are described and discussed. The several morphological differences between normal and mosaic members of the population are illustrated, and the possible origin of these gynandromorphs is discussed.
A note on stabilizing damping configurations for linear nonconservative systems

Abstract It is well known that a linear elastic system having a stable equilibrium for zero damping may be destabilized by the introduction of nonzero damping. In this note a class of damping configurations not having this destabilizing effect is determined.
Spectra of Mo xxx, xxxi, and xxxii from a laser-produced plasma*

Spectra of highly charged Mo ions generated in a laser-produced plasma were observed from 10 to 190 A with a 3 m grazing- incidence spectrograph. Line identifications in Mo xxx–xxxii were made with the help of relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations. In Mo xxxi (Mg-like) the 3s21S0–3s 3p1P1 resonance line was found to be at 115.944 A. In Mo xxxii (Na-like) the 3s2S1/2–3p2P3/2,1/2 resonance lines are at 127.814 and 176.62 A. These values support the recent identifications of these lines in the Princeton ST tokamak by Hinnov. The density-sensitive 3p2P3/2–3d2D5/2 transition in Mo xxxii is at 126.937 A. At shorter wavelengths, the 3s–4p transitions of Mo xxxii are at 14.384 and 14.565 A.