cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ManTiCore: Encryption with Joint Cipher-State Authentication

We describe a new mode of encryption with inexpensive authentication, which uses information from the internal state of the cipher to provide the authentication. Our algorithms have a number of benefits: The encryption has properties similar to CBC mode, yet the encipherment and authentication can be parallelized and/or pipelined; The authentication overhead is minimal; The authentication process remains resistant against some IV reuse. Our first construction is the MTC4 encryption algorithm based on cryptographic hash functions which supports variable block sizes up to twice the hash output length, and variable key lengths. A proof of security is presented for MTC4. We then generalize the construction to create the Cipher-State (CS) mode of encryption that uses the internal state of any round-based block cipher as an authenticator. We give a concrete example using AES as the encryption primitive. We provide performance measurements for all constructions.
On Representation of an Integer by X2 + Y2 + Z2 and the Modular Equations of Degree 3 and 5

I discuss a variety of results involving s(n), the number of representations of n as a sum of three squares. One of my objectives is to reveal numerous interesting connections between the properties of this function and certain modular equations of degree 3 and 5. In particular, I show that $$\displaystyle{ s(25n) = \left (6 -\left (-n\vert 5\right)\right)s(n) - 5s\left (\frac{n} {25}\right) }$$ follows easily from the well known Ramanujan modular equation of degree 5. Moreover, I establish new relations between s(n) and h(n), g(n), the number of representations of n by the ternary quadratic forms $$\displaystyle{2{x}^{2} + 2{y}^{2} + 2{z}^{2} - yz + zx + xy,\quad {x}^{2} + {y}^{2} + 3{z}^{2} + xy,}$$ respectively. Finally, I propose a remarkable new identity for s(p 2 n)−p s(n) with p being an odd prime. This identity makes nontrivial use of the ternary quadratic forms with discriminants p 2, 16p 2.
Cytologic subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma by using the proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) adenocarcinoma classification

BACKGROUND The significance of histologic subtyping of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) was recently proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) classification. Approximately 70% of lung cancer patients present with advanced disease, and small biopsies or cytology specimens are frequently the only available diagnostic material. It is uncertain whether proposed morphologic subtyping of ADC can be applied to small specimens. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of morphologic subtyping of ADC on cytologic specimens. METHODS Consecutive, newly diagnosed primary lung ADC specimens from patients with matched surgical resection and cytology specimens (n = 66) were selected for the study. The dominant morphologic pattern was determined according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. The number and percentage of malignant cells in cytology specimens were also evaluated. RESULTS Concordant subtyping of ADC between the dominant pattern on resection and cytology specimens was observed in 26 cases (40%), and was discordant in 32 cases (48%). Concordance increased in specimens that had >200 cells and when correlating with the primary or secondary histologic pattern. The acinar pattern was the most common in concordant cases, whereas discordant cases had a predominantly solid pattern. CONCLUSIONS Application of the IASLC/ATS/ERS ADC classification to cytologic specimens is challenging and depends on the sufficient cellularity of cytologic preparations. The identification of solid and micropapillary patterns is prognostically important but may be unreliable and difficult on cytology specimens. Future studies are needed to establish reproducible cytologic criteria for the precise subtyping of lung ADC on small specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:629–37. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Can the u.s. Oil and gas resource base support sustained production

Aggressive drilling for oil and gas in the lower 48 states of the United States over the past decade yielded reserve additions sufficient to arrest decline and to stabilize levels of production. Such positive response from a maturely explored and developed oil resource base was unpredicted and largely unanticipated. Two elements of the recent experience—maintenance of stable rates of finding and substantial levels of conventional reserve growth in older fields—indicate that the capability of the resource base to sustain production is yet considerable. The volume of domestic oil and gas production that is necessary in the national interest and the extent to which the resource base should be pursued are the central issues of public energy policy.
Comparative study of effect of epinephrine and noreponephrine on cardiovascular system of turtle, alligator, chicken and opossum.

SummaryTurtles, alligators, opossums and chickens were given epinephrine and norepinephrine intravenously and their cardiovascular responses compared. The cardiovascular system of all species seems to be more reactive to epinephrine than to norepinephrine, but to various degrees. A tentative hypothesis, that epinephrine is the neurotransmitter in the opossum and norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter in the chicken, is considered.
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PLASTICITY OF CLAY SLIPS12

1The paper emphasizes the great need of a quantitative measure of the physical properties commonly included in the term “plasticity” of clays and clay slips. Various indirect methods previously suggested are likely to lead to erroneous conclusions, while measurement of the flow or apparent viscosity of clay slips made up with a constant amount of water is shown to give misleading results. 2The work described in this paper is preliminary in nature and has been confined to a study of the properties of clay-water mixtures in the casting rather than in the molding range. In the light of these results it is recommended that, instead of the vague term plasticity, the properties of a given clay, at least for casting purposes, be expressed in terms of (a) the water content required to give proper working consistency, and (b) the resistance of the resulting slip to small deforming forces (such as gravity). Specifically, use is made of a modified Bingham plastometer, and the figures reported are (a) the amount of water required to give a slip of a specified mobility, and (b) the yield value of the slip thus obtained. 3The method is shown to be capable of giving quantitative figures for the yield values at constant mobility which correspond well with the customary qualitative ideas as to the plasticity of clays. The amount of water required to give constant mobility varies to a surprising extent, and does not appear to bear any definite relationship to the usual classifications of more or less plastic clays. It probably does parallel fairly well the shrinkage on drying. 4Small amounts of acid or alkali are shown to have a negligible effect on the mobility of a clay slip, but a very large effect on the yield value, the variations being greater than the difference between a non-plastic kaolin and a highly plastic ball clay. This brings out the necessity, and indeed the potential value, of carefully controlling the hydrogen-ion content of the water used in making the slips. 5Some preliminary data are given on the effect of additions of flint and similar non-plastic materials to clay slips. 6It is recommended that an attempt be made to agree upon standard dimensions for the capillary and the desirable mobility for various purposes, and that the plastometer then be used as a standard method of test in the ceramic industry.
Predicting Teacher Nte Scores in Mathematics and Science

Scores on the Mathematics and two science-related Tests of the National Teacher Examinations (NTE) were the dependent variables in stepwise multiple regression analyses using personological variables of inservice teachers as predictors. Two variables—number of semester hours' credit in mathematics and grade level of teaching—accounted for 61% of the observed Mathematics NTE score variance. In a cross-validation, shrinkage was approximately 1%. Predicted and obtained NTE scores were compared for a trichotomous division of teachers into low, middle, and high achievement status. The prediction correctly placed 67% of the cases. NTE Mathematics Examinations appears to have substantial criterion-related validity. In the Science Tests of the NTE the multiple regression outcome of 10 to 20% of variance explained for various teaching disciplines indicated low criterion-related validity.
Photosynthetic and structural acclimation to light direction in vertical leaves of Silphium terebinthinaceum

The azimuth of vertical leaves of Silphium terebinthinaceum profoundly influenced total daily irradiance as well as the proportion of direct versus diffuse light incident on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface. These differences caused structural and physiological adjustments in leaves that affected photosynthetic performance. Leaves with the adaxial surface facing East received equal daily integrated irradiance on each surface, and these leaves had similar photosynthetic rates when irradiated on either the adaxial or abaxial surface. The adaxial surface of East-facing leaves was also the only surface to receive more direct than diffuse irradiance and this was the only leaf side which had a clearly defined columnar palisade layer. A potential cost of constructing East-facing leaves with symmetrical photosynthetic capcity was a 25% higher specific leaf mass and increased leaf thickness in comparison to asymmetrical South-facing leaves. The adaxial surface of South-facing leaves received approximately three times more daily integrated irradiance than the abaxial surface. When measured at saturating CO2 and irradiance, these leaves had 42% higher photosynthetic rates when irradiated on the adaxial surface than when irradiated on the abaxial surface. However, there was no difference in photosynthesis for these leaves when irradiated on either surface when measurements were made at ambient CO2. Stomatal distribution (mean adaxial/abaxial stomatal density = 0.61) was unaffected by leaf orientation. Thus, the potential for high photosynthetic rates of adaxial palisade cells in South-facing leaves at ambient CO2 concentrations may have been constrained by stomatal limitations to gas exchange. The distribution of soluble protein and chlorophyll within leaves suggests that palisade and spongy mesophyll cells acclimated to their local light environment. The protein/chlorophyll ratio was high in the palisade layers and decreased in the spongy mesophyll cells, presumably corresponding to the attentuation of light as it penetrates leaves. Unlike some species, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the degree of thylakoid stacking was uniform throughout the thickness of the leaf. It appears that sun-shade acclimation among cell layers of Silphium terebinthinaceum leaves is accomplished without adjustment to the chlorophyll a/b ratio or to thylakoid membrane structure.
Long-term glutamate desensitization in locus coeruleus neurons and its role in opiate withdrawal.

Abstract During opiate withdrawal, there is an elevated and prolonged efflux of glutamate and aspartate in the locus coeruleus (LC). The enhanced excitatory amino acid (EAA) release is thought to contribute to the withdrawal-induced activation of LC neurons and to the expression of the physical withdrawal syndrome. In this study, prolonged bath applications of glutamate to LC neurons in brain slices resulted in a slowly developing long-term glutamate desensitization (LTGD). LTGD was observed during extracellular recordings or in neurons voltage-clamped to −60 mV, in both cases reaching a maximum of about a 50% reduction in the glutamate response. Responses in the desensitized cells gradually recovered within 3 h. Cyclothiazide, an inhibitor of rapid glutamate receptor desensitization did not prevent LTGD. LTGD could not be induced by prolonged applications of EAA agonists other than glutamate, either alone or in various combinations. However, after induction by glutamate, there was cross-desensitization to quisqualate but not to AMPA or NMDA. LTGD was blocked by either lowering extracellular Ca 2+ concentrations or by treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine but not by inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase or nitric oxide synthase. Applications of the protein kinase C activator phorbol diacetate did not cause a decrease in glutamate responses indicating that an activation of protein kinase C may not be sufficient for desensitization to occur. A decrement of the glutamate response resembling LTGD occurred after treatment by the protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid or calyculin A. LC neurons in brain slices prepared from opiate-withdrawn rats exhibited glutamate responses that were initially desensitized and recovered within 3 h after withdrawal. These results suggest that LTGD in LC neurons may occur during opiate withdrawal and could contribute to the time course of LC hyperactivity and the associated behavioral withdrawal syndrome.
Tight-binding study of stacking fault energies and the Rice criterion of ductility in the fcc metals

We have used the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) tight-binding (TB) method to calculate the generalized stacking fault energy and the Rice ductility criterion in the fcc metals Al, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au, and Pb. The method works well for all classes of metals, i.e., simple metals, noble metals, and transition metals. We compared our results with full potential linear-muffin-tin orbital and embedded atom method (EAM) calculations, as well as experiment, and found good agreement. This is impressive, since the NRL-TB approach only fits to first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave equations of state and band structures for cubic systems. Comparable accuracy with EAM potentials can be achieved only by fitting to the stacking fault energy.
Expansion series of integral functions occurring in unsteady aerodynamics

Attention is given to two real integral functions which occur in the kernel of singular integral equations for subsonic unsteady lifting surfaces. The arguments k, r, and X of the functions correspond to the reduced frequency, spanwise distance, and modified coordinate in the flow direction, respectively. The value of the parameter nu in the functions depends on geometrical conditions. The considered investigation has the objective to present a series for general values of the nonnegative integer nu in order to compute efficiently the integral functions. The approach makes it possible to avoid any approximation or numerical quadrature.
Ram pressure stripping in elliptical galaxies – I. The impact of the interstellar medium turbulence

Elliptical galaxies contain X-ray emitting gas that is subject to continuous ram pressure stripping over timescales comparable to cluster ages. The gas in these galaxies is not in perfect hydrostatic equilibrium. Supernova feedback, stellar winds, or active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback can significantly perturb the interstellar medium (ISM). Using hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the effect of subsonic turbulence in the hot ISM on the ram pressure stripping process in early-type galaxies. We find that galaxies with more turbulent ISM produce longer, wider, and more smoothly distributed tails of the stripped ISM than those characterised by weaker ISM turbulence. Our main conclusion is that even very weak internal turbulence, at the level of <15% of the average ISM sound speed, can significantly accelerate the gas removal from galaxies via ram pressure stripping. The magnitude of this effect increases sharply with the strength of turbulence. As most of the gas stripping takes place near the boundary between the ISM and the intraclustermedium (ICM), the boost in the ISM stripping rate is due to the "random walk" of the ISM from the central regions of the galactic potential well to larger distances, where the ram pressure is able to permanently remove the gas from galaxies. The ICM can be temporarily trapped inside the galactic potential well due to the mixing of the turbulent ISM with the ICM. The galaxies with more turbulent ISM, yet still characterised by very weak turbulence, can hold larger amounts of the ICM. [Abridged]
Problem–Problem Solver Characteristics Affectingthe Calibration of Judgments☆

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine factors that affect the calibration of judgments by systematically comparing experts’ judgments to novices’ when solving a complex, real-world problem that varies in its initial characteristics. Calibration in this context refers to the proportion of times decision makers provide a range about their best estimates that includes the actual outcome. We found that experts specify a narrower range and provide more accurate best estimates than novices. But their tighter ranges are not justified by their greater accuracy: they are less likely to encompass the actual outcome than are novices. However, this effect is attenuated when solving more complex problems. Novices apparently underestimate the complexity of difficult problems, hence the accuracy of their best estimates decreases as does the width of their ranges, resulting in worse calibration. The performance of experts was not significantly different across problem solving conditions. Both groups provided asymmetrical ranges about their best estimates, which suggests they account for the effect of subproblem dependencies.
Biochemical analysis of att-defective mutants of the phage lambda site-specific recombination system.

Three mutations previously mapped to the common core region of the bacteriophage lambda att site have been sequenced. All were found to be due to the deletion of a T residue from a string of six T residues within the 15 base-pair core, the region of homology between the recombining sites. As judged by DNAase I protection experiments, binding of the Int protein is the same in the mutant and wild-type core sites. However, a difference in the Int binding to mutant cores is observed when the small neocarzinostatin molecule is used as a nuclease probe. The differences between mutant and wild type lead to the suggestion that Int is interacting with sequences at the core-arm junctions. Accordingly, the mutants are proposed to be defective in the spacing of Int monomers bound at two recognition sequences spanning the core-arm junctions. The anomalous electrophoretic mobility of wild-type att fragments and, more specifically, the effect of the single base core deletion on electrophoretic mobility are discussed in the text and in the Appendix. The mutant att2501, defective in both att and int functions, was sequenced and found to be a 335 base-pair deletion removing the coding region for 25 amino acids from the carboxy-terminal end of Int, as well as the entire att site. The postulated origin of the 501 mutation is also consistent with the model of two juxtaposed Int recognition sites.
Perceived marital and family environment of opiate addicts

Addicts have described their family environment as providing inadequate modeling of social and role skills, while having high expectations for achievement. These self-reports have not been compared to either the reports of other family members or observer ratings of addict families. Observer ratings are important because addicts have also described their families as having significantly less conflict than normative families. We administered the Moos Family Environment Scale (FES) to 73 addicts and found that our addicts' scores supported the previous descriptions of addicts' perceived family environment. Addicts' perceived family environment differed from normative samples. They perceived their family as providing little preparation for social roles, while expecting high achievement. When addicts' wives or mothers completed the FES (n = 27), they disagreed with the addicts' perceptions of having high expectations for achievement in the marriage or family. Relative to their mothers and wives, the addicts seemed to be insensitive to the lack of effective organization and limit setting in either their family of origin or marriage. However, the mothers and wives agreed with the addicts in reporting low levels of conflict, but behavioral ratings of the married addicts and their wives (n = 16) showed a poor correlation between the observed behavior and the couples' perceptions. Furthermore, the level of conflict appeared to be above rather than below normative samples. Thus, addicts' perceptions of their family environment demonstrated significant discrepancies from the perceptions of their wives and mothers and from ratings of their marital behavior.
Voices at Mother's Kitchen An Autoethnographic Account of Exile

In this article, the author draws on memory to relive interactions with his mother and his wife as well as his own experiences before his arrival to the United States in 1960. His autoethnographic writing is an attempt to understand his departure from Cuba and his relationship with his mother and his wife. He discusses concepts of collective unconsciousness and the reluctant immigrant and how historically constituted power relations define the identity of Cuban exiles. He highlights the battle of the politics of passion and the politics of affection-two polar opposites. As the politics of affection undermine the goals of the politics of passion, the moral imperative of what ought to be is not achieved and becomes an antecedent to exile.
Cross‐national contexts and social inequality in public schools, families and caring institutions

Inequalities across societies: families, schools and persisting stratification D. Baker, B. Fuller, E. Hannum & R. Werum (Eds), 2004 Oxford, Elsevier. ISBN 0‐7623‐1061‐8 Inequalities across societi...
Use of residual volume as a marker for enteral feeding intolerance: prospective blinded comparison with physical examination and radiographic findings.

High gastric residual volumes (RVs) are a frequent cause for cessation of total enteral nutrition (TEN). This study was designed to determine the RV that indicates intolerance or inadequate gastric emptying and to compare the RV findings in a blinded fashion with those findings obtained on physical examination and radiography. Twenty healthy normal volunteers (HNV), 8 stable patients with gastrostomy tubes (GTP), and 10 critically ill patients (CIP) were evaluated prospectively for 8 hours while receiving TEN. No subjects were clearly intolerant (ie, vomiting, aspiration). Of the total RVs recorded, 13.1% were ≥150 mL in the CIP group, whereas only 2.4% of the RVs were ≥150 mL in the HNV group. None of the RVs in the GTP group were ≥150 mL. Objective scores on physical examination failed to correlate with RV (p = .397), as did objective scores on radiography (p = .742). However, objective scores on physical examination were significantly related to scores on radiography (p = .016). Abnormal physical exami...
Fractionation of oligosaccharides containing N-acetyl amino sugars by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract High-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) of N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and galactosamine (GalNAc) containing carbohydrates was performed on several reverse-phase silica columns. Nanomolar level detection was accomplished using far uv-absorbance monitoring. Baseline separations of the α and β anomers of GlcNAc, chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose were observed with water elution of the reverse-phase column. With the addition of up to 3% acetonitrile to the eluting solvent, similar resolution of chitin oligomers up to a chain length of seven was observed. Anomerization of the residue could be followed by isolation of either anomeric peak with subsequent rechromatography. Reduction of chitotriose with borohydride yielded a single sharp peak with a retention volume similar to that of the reducing trisaccharide. Semipreparative reverse-phase hplc allowed for the separation and identification by 13 C NMR of the GlcNAc-α-1→6 GlcNAc disaccharide from the β-1→6 isomer. Methyl glycosides of GalNAc and GlcNAc were shown to have retention times much longer than the free sugar.
Gastric adenomyoma with coincidental pancreatic rest: a case report

A 58-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain. At gastroscopy, a 1-cm umbilicated nodule with a 3-mm central ulcer was suspected as being cancer. Brush cytology showed atypical cells, but biopsy demonstrated cancer in situ. The patient refused surgical therapy, and at 6 weeks and 8 months gastroscopy demonstrated a healed ulcer scar with no cytological or biopsy evidence of malignancy. She has rejected further care for the past 50 months.
Evaluation of the TB-Biochip Oligonucleotide Microarray System for Rapid Detection of Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The TB-Biochip oligonucleotide microarray system is a rapid system to detect mutations associated with rifampin (RIF) resistance in mycobacteria. After optimizing the system with 29 laboratory-generated rifampin-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we evaluated the performance of this test using 75 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With this small sample set, the TB-Biochip system displayed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% relative to conventional drug susceptibility testing results for RIF resistance. For these samples (∼50% tested positive), the positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 85%. Four of the seven observed discrepancies were attributed to rare and new mutations not represented in the microarray, while three of the strains with discrepant results did not carry mutations in the RIF resistance-determining region. The results of this study confirm the utility of the system for rapid detection of RIF resistance and suggest approaches to increasing its sensitivity.
Paramagnetic resonance hyperfine structure of hexachloroprotactinate(IV).

Dirac scattered-wave calculations are presented for the ${\mathrm{PaCl}}_{6}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ cluster that models the ${\mathrm{Pa}}^{4+}$ impurity site in the octahedral ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$${\mathrm{ZrCl}}_{6}$ lattice. The calculations predict a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7u}$ ground state, and show fairly good agreement with the observed g tensor, $^{231}\mathrm{Pa}$ hyperfine interactions, and crystal-field splittings. The Zeeman and $^{231}\mathrm{Pa}$ hyperfine interactions are isotropic, arising from the large orbital contributions to the magnetic moment of the ground Kramers doublet. The amount of covalency is predicted to be about 3%, and the largest contribution to covalency comes from the chlorine 3${d}_{5/2}$ spinors (\ensuremath{\sim}2%).
Thermodynamic constants ofN-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-3-propanesulfonic acid (HEPPS) and (3-[N-morpholinol])-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO) from the temperatures 278.15 K to 328.15 K

Abstract Electromotive-force measurements were taken for cells without a liquid junction of the type: Pt|H 2 (g, p 0 =101.325 kPa)|buffer ( m 1 ), Na salt of buffer ( m 2 ), NaCl ( m 3 )|AgCl|Ag, where m denotes molality. Values of the second thermodynamic dissociation constant pK 2 for N -(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine- N ′-3-propanesulfonic acid (HEPPS) and (3-[ N -morpholinol])-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (MOPSO) have been determined from T = 278.15 K to T = 328.15 K. These zwitterionic compounds are useful as secondary standard buffers in the pH range 7.6 to 8.2 for HEPPS, and 7.2 to 6.4 for MOPSO. The p K 2 values for the ionization of HEPPS in the experimental temperature range are expressed by the equation: p K 2 = 359.23·(K/ T ) + 21.0324 − 2.50647·ln( T /K); while, for MOPSO, p K 2 = 432.25·(K/ T ) + 22.99923−3.08415·ln( T /K). The values of the thermodynamic quantities are compared with those for structurally related compounds.
Intimate Partner Violence, Pregnancy and the Decision for Abortion

Pregnant women whose lives are affected by intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy are often faced with the decision for abortion. In this qualitative research, the authors explored women's experiences of unintended pregnancy and intimate partner violence (IPV) from the perspective of adult pregnant women seeking abortion. Women were assessed for intimate partner violence and study inclusion by means of two IPV screening tools. The authors collected data during one-to two-hour semi-structured interviews with eight pregnant women. At the completion of the interviews, all women were assessed for safety using an assessment of danger tool. Safety planning and referrals were provided for all women. Qualitative data collection and data analysis were guided by naturalistic inquiry to identify prevalent themes. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) It Wasn't That Bad, (2) Then It Got Worse, and (3) If I Have the Baby He'll Come Back. Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate and describe the women's responses to the three tools.
A survey of ABX3 halides for optical second harmonic generation

Abstract A group of ABX 3 halides have been searched for nonlinear optical character by testing each for second harmonic generation in powdered samples using the method of Kurtz and Perry. It was found that most simple ternary halides do not produce second harmonic light and apparently have centrosymmetric structures. (CH 3 ) 4 NHgCl 3 , (CH 3 ) 4 NHgI 3 , (CH 3 ) 4 NHgBr 3 , KHgI 3 ·H 2 O, and RbHgI 3 ·H 2 O were found to produce SHG and the first two of these compounds were found to be phase-matchable.
Potential Updates to 2004 Green Book's Acceleration Lengths for Entrance Terminals

AASHTO's Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book) notes that drivers entering a highway from a turning roadway accelerate until the desired highway speed is reached. Because the change in speed is usually substantial, provision is made for acceleration to be accomplished on an auxiliary lane, called an acceleration lane, to minimize interference with through traffic and to reduce crash potential. The 2004 Green Book contains acceleration lane lengths. The procedure identified to reproduce these values assumed running speed for the limited-access highway and the ramp along with acceleration rates from 1930s studies. Potential acceleration length values were then calculated by (a) updating the assumptions within the identified procedure and (b) using spreadsheets that can generate second-to-second acceleration. Findings from recent studies were compared with the existing Green Book values and the calculated suggested acceleration lengths. The suggested lengths determined in this paper...
Pediatric resident education in palliative care: a needs assessment.

Objective The goal was to characterize pediatric residents' perceived educational needs for pediatric palliative care. The data generated from this study will facilitate the planning of specific educational interventions. Methods All residents in the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh pediatrics residency program were asked to complete a survey in September 2003. Participation in the study was voluntary. Residents rated their previous training, personal experience, knowledge, competence, and emotional comfort with 10 specific aspects of pediatric palliative care. This rating was followed by 13 questions related to attitudes about palliative care practices and training. The last section asked the respondents to rank 11 palliative care educational topics in order of importance. Results Forty-nine of 75 eligible residents participated. Although residents thought that pediatricians should have an important role in providing palliative care, residents reported minimal training, experience, knowledge, competence, and comfort in virtually all areas of palliative care for children. We found no significant improvement in any of these areas from the pediatric level-1 year to the pediatric level-3 year. Residents wanted more training regarding pain management. After pain control, the next 4 educational needs were communication skills, namely, discussing prognosis, bad news, and code status and talking with children about end-of-life care. Conclusions There is a clear need for increased efforts in pediatric palliative care education during residency training. Pediatric residents do not think that they are trained adequately in palliative care, and this perception does not improve with time. Pediatric residents view palliative care as important for primary care physicians and desire more education.
Evaluation of the effects of heat radiation on man.

The results of experiments that investigate the effects of low levels of radiant heat on a human subject exposed to moderate ambient air temperature conditions are presented. By means of an electronic infrared photographing technique, changes in peripheral circulation have been evaluated by recording changes in the prominence of the superficial venous pattern of the chest. Also, a method for estimating heat radiation doses equivalent to increased ambient air temperature conditions is presented.
Infection control link nurse program: an interdisciplinary approach in targeting health care-acquired infection.

Background We describe a successful interdisciplinary liaison program that effectively reduced health care-acquired (HCA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a university hospital setting. Methods Baseline was from January 2006 to March 2008, and intervention period was April 2008 to September 2009. Staff nurses were trained to be liaisons (link nurses) to infection prevention (IP) personnel with clearly defined goals assigned and with ongoing monthly education. HCA-MRSA incidence per 1,000 patient-days (PD) was compared between baseline and intervention period along with total and non-HCA-MRSA, HCA and non-HCA-MRSA bacteremia, and hand soap/sanitizer usage. Hand hygiene compliance was assessed. Results A reduction in MRSA rates was as follows in intervention period compared with baseline: HCA-MRSA decreased by 28% from 0.92 to 0.67 cases per 1,000 PD (incidence rate ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.83, P Conclusion Link nurse program effectively reduced HCA-MRSA. Goal-defined metrics with ongoing re-education for the nurses by IP personnel helped drive these results.
The gonadotropic function of insulin

I. Introduction DURING the last decade, it has become apparent that the pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH, are not the exclusive regulators of ovarian function. Several other hormones and various growth factors also play a role in ovarian physiology. Among these hormones and growth factors are insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). It is conceivable that a deficiency or an excess of insulin or IGFs could significantly alter ovarian function. In fact, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a disorder characterized by insulinopenia, is associated with clinical manifestations of ovarian hypofunction: primary amenorrhea, late menarche, anovulation, low pregnancy rate, and early menopause. Furthermore, insulin resistance, the cardinal feature of which is hyperinsulinemia, is associated with clinical manifestations of ovarian hyperstimulation, primarily hyperandrogenism. It is becoming increasingly clear that insulin plays an important role in ovarian physiology; however, the mechanisms of insul...
Mallory body and empty cell in hepatitis C

Abstract Mallory bodies can occur in many different liver and some systemic diseases. In order to validate Mallory body formation in hepatitis C patients 46 liver biopsy specimens from 45 patients with hepatitis C were studied by using immunohistochemical stains with ubiquitin antibody in addition to a routine liver panel. The patients in this study were 26 male and 19 female with a mean age of 42. They were divided into alcohol and non-alcohol groups based on their alcoholic status, thus eliminating alcohol abuse as the etiology of Mallory bodies in hepatocytes, a factor other studies did not consider in hepatitis C patients. The results showed that Mallory bodies and `empty cells' were identified in both groups, 15.6% in all biopsy specimens, 29.4% in alcoholic, 7.1% in non-alcoholic hepatitis C patients. These Mallory bodies were usually present in areas adjacent to fibrosis and occurred in cirrhotic livers. Other common histopathology findings were fatty degeneration, bile duct damage, bile ductule metaplasia, bridging fibrosis, all of which were more common in alcoholic hepatitis C patients; and lymphoid aggregates or follicles which was more common in non-alcoholic hepatitis C patients. However, statistical analysis on these pathological features revealed no significant difference ( P >0.05). In conclusion Mallory bodies and empty cells are formed in some patients with hepatitis C infection in the absence of alcoholism.
Seasonal variation of thermoregulation in the Florida pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis

Abstract 1. 1. Thermoregulation of Geomys pinetis was measured at different seasons in samples of newly captured gophers and seasonal changes in the thermal environment of gophers in the field were monitored. 2. 2. Resting pocket gophers have a reduced basal rate of metabolism and increased thermal conductance during warmer months of the year. 3. 3. Actively digging gophers have rates of metabolism 3–5 times basal rate and body temperature during activity rises to approach lethal levels. 4. 4. In the laboratory gophers reduce their daily activity period at higher ambient temperatures. 5. 5. The ambient temperatures at which excessive increases of body temperature occur during activity are shown to be similar to the minimum available burrow temperatures during the summer months. The seasonal changes in thermoregulatory competence and the reduction of activity at high ambient temperatures are seen to be necessary adaptations to survival in a warm moist burrow.
Role of pH in charging of glycogen.

Glycogen acquires a negative charge in both alkaline and acidic solutions and can move in an electrical field, its mobility being related to the degree of alkalinity or acidity. There is a slight increase in relative viscosity at both ends of the pH spectrum. These effects and the changes in nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of pH are interpreted.
Design of Affordable Greenhouses for East Africa

Reflecting the severity of global food insecurity, over 60% of the East African population is considered malnourished, with many regions in a state of famine. There is broad agreement on the need to help small-scale farmers move from subsistence to sustainable and profitable farming by boosting their agricultural productivity, reducing post-harvest spoilage losses and providing market linkages. Most countries in East Africa have an agrarian economy with over 80% of the households depending on agriculture for their livelihoods. The climate is characterized by biannual dry seasons where many farmers suffer due to water shortages and poor soil nutrition. While short periods of rain benefit local farmers, heavy rainfall sometimes destroys cash crops. Greenhouses are permanent glass or plastic-covered structures that allow farmers to grow vegetables and fruits year-round through mechanically-controlled temperature and irrigation systems. Greenhouses can help farmers in East Africa grow and protect crops in both wet and dry seasons. Large commercial farms employ large greenhouses to produce high-value cash crops for the export market. East African companies import and sell greenhouses priced at over US $2,000 to commercial farmers. While greenhouses can significantly increase smallholder productivity and improve livelihoods, current designs are inappropriate and too expensive. The adoption of affordable and context-appropriate greenhouses can lead to improved livelihoods for farmers and entrepreneurs while fostering food security. This paper describes the constraints and design tenets for low-cost (~$200 bill of materials) greenhouses and discusses results from three years of field-testing such greenhouses in Kenya, Tanzania and the United States. Currently, the field-tested prototypes excel in affordability, maintenance, and crop protection. This paper seeks collaborators to refine and localize the technology with the ultimate objective of disseminating it broadly.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease has immense consequences to American society in terms of disease prevalence, economic costs, psychologic toll, and quality of life, and occasionally causes life-threatening complications, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although the clinical presentation is fairly characteristic for this disease, the internist must recognize the limitations of an empiric therapeutic trial and refer patients for definitive diagnosis and management when patients experience severe symptoms, experience symptoms refractory to therapy, have alarm symptoms, are in high-risk groups, or suffer potential complications. Acid-suppressive medical therapy is highly effective in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Novel endoscopic therapies may have an increasingly important clinical role in preventing or treating this chronic disease. Recently promulgated endoscopic surveillance protocols to detect dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus may help reduce the mortality from esophageal adenocarcinoma, the fastest increasing type of cancer in the United States.
Effect of verapamil on cholesteatoma migration in vitro.

Abstract Objectives: It was previously shown that cholesteatoma migration in vitro is influenced by the calcium concentration of the culture medium. This study was designed to determine whether the calcium channel blocker verapamil affects cholesteatoma migration in vitro. Methods: Cholesteatoma cells harvested from patients with chronic ear disease were grown in culture and were exposed to culture medium containing verapamil. The migration rate of the verapamil-exposed cells was compared with control rates. Results: Verapamil at 300 μg/L caused marked reduction in the rate of migration compared with control values. The migration rate returned to normal within 48 hours after verapamil was removed from the culture medium. Higher verapamil concentrations (500 μg/L) caused complete detachment of the epithelial cells from the substrate within 24 hours. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that cholesteatoma migration in vitro is calcium channel dependent and can be reduced with calcium channel blockers such as verapamil. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:91-5.)
Creating an Actionable Assessment Framework for Discovery Services in Academic Libraries

This article will suggest an assessment framework, currently being implemented at Emory University Libraries, for evaluation of Web-scale search and retrieval tools. This framework seeks to prioritize limited library resources with the distinct goals of improving end-user satisfaction and streamlining core services for Web-based research. Critical components of this framework are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and standardized feedback gathering solutions. The authors hope to provide peers with a set of customer-centered metrics as well as an agile and actionable user testing methodology for decision-making in the deployment of discovery tools.
Relationships between Creative Thinking Abilities of Teachers and Achievement and Adjustment of Pupils

(1963). Relationships between Creative Thinking Abilities of Teachers and Achievement and Adjustment of Pupils. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 3-25.
Experiences using generalized data translation techniques for database interchange

Abstract There is an increasing need to interchange data among database systems which follow different data models. The development of a common interchange format will facilitate the interchange process, but there are other factors involved. This report draws on experiences with the Data Extraction, Processing and Restructuring System to suggest that database interchange involves many systems issues as well as data format issues.
Differential Cross-Section Measurements of Thin-Target Bremsstrahlung Produced by 2.7- to 9.7-Mev Electrons

The electron beam removed from a 50-Mev betatron and a total absorption scintillation spectrometer containing a sodium iodide crystal 5 in. in diameter and 9 in. long were used for the measurement of brems-strahlung cross sections that are differential in photon energy and angle. Thin targets of beryllium, aluminum, and gold were bombarded by electrons with kinetic energies of 2.72, 4.54, and 9.66 Mev. The bremsstrahlung spectra from thick tungsten targets were also studied.
New Learning: a different way of approaching conference evaluation

New Learning (NL) is an innovative process aimed at collaborative learning in professional and scholarly events and is a new way of approaching evaluation at professional conferences. NL is a process integral to a conference that focuses on the learner and how and what they learn, rather than on presenters and presentations. Whereas most professional conferences claim learning as a primary objective, seldom do any structure or evaluate to maximize that objective. The NL process helps to structure and assess organizational learning as a primary outcome in addition to providing avenues for collection of traditional evaluation information. This article explains the NL process, reviews the literature of learning and evaluation, describes what NL is and how it works, and then compares and contrasts it with traditional evaluation methods and theory. It concludes with implications for future applications and research for NL.