cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-monitoring and the use of consensus information.

This study investigated how individual differences in level of self-monitoring relate to the use of consensus information. We predicted that higher self-monitors would utilize consensus information more than would low self-monitors when making predictions about their own and another person's behavior, since high self-monitors are theoretically more responsive to the social norms surrounding situations. Low self-monitors, in contrast, were expected to rely more on self-based consensus. Subjects read a description of Darley and Latane's (1968) bystander intervention study in which the participants purportedly rarely helped the victim (socially undesirable consensus) or frequently helped the victim (socially desirable consensus). As predicted, higher relative to lower self-monitors predicted slower helping when consensus was for nonhelping. The prediction that higher relative to lower self-monitors would predict faster helping when consensus was for helping, although in the right direction, was not supported strongly. Evidence was found for the prediction that low self-monitors rely to a greater extent on self-based consensus.
Are Some Tweets More Interesting Than Others? #HardQuestion

Twitter has evolved into a significant communication nexus, coupling personal and highly contextual utterances with local news, memes, celebrity gossip, headlines, and other microblogging subgenres. If we take Twitter as a large and varied dynamic collection, how can we predict which tweets will be interesting to a broad audience in advance of lagging social indicators of interest such as retweets? The telegraphic form of tweets, coupled with the subjective notion of interestingness, makes it difficult for human judges to agree on which tweets are indeed interesting.In this paper, we address two questions: Can we develop a reliable strategy that results in high-quality labels for a collection of tweets, and can we use this labeled collection to predict a tweet's interestingness? To answer the first question, we performed a series of studies using crowdsourcing to reach a diverse set of workers who served as a proxy for an audience with variable interests and perspectives. This method allowed us to explore different labeling strategies, including varying the judges, the labels they applied, the datasets, and other aspects of the task. To address the second question, we used crowdsourcing to assemble a set of tweets rated as interesting or not; we scored these tweets using textual and contextual features; and we used these scores as inputs to a binary classifier. We were able to achieve moderate agreement (κ = 0.52) between the best classifier and the human assessments, a figure which reflects the challenges of the judgment task.
Consideration of Thurstonian Scaling of Ratings Data

Abstract In the analysis of sensory data, the use of parametric statistics, specifically analysis of variance (ANOVA), is standard. However, such parametric analyses often make assumptions that are not valid. Recent advances have made available an alternative analysis that does not make these assumptions, specifically Thurstonian Scaling of Ratings Data (SoR). This study compared these two methods of analyses on a single dataset. To further clarify the differences between analyses, assessments of a subset of the stimuli were also made in a triangle task. Findings indicate that the differences between ANOVA and SoR are minimal, with SoR tending to be slightly more conservative. Regardless of analyses used, triangle tests were found to be superior at differentiating the stimuli. The d′ values determined using Thurstonian SoR did not agree with those determined with the triangle tests. Possible reasons for the discrepancy include boundary variance, actual strategy used during triangle tests, as well as other possible sources of variance.
Cross-cultural group counseling and the use of the sentence completion method

Abstract This article deals with cross-cultural group counseling, the sentence completion method, and the combination of the two through the use of eight cross-cultural sentence stems.
Martensitic Transformation Products and Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels at Low Temperatures

A mechanical properties test program has been completed between 300° and 4°K on several annealed austenitic stainless steels. The extensive results are in the process of being correlated for final publication. However, some of the properties show an interesting anomalous behavior and are worthy of preliminary discussion because of their special relation to the martensitic transformation characteristics of the alloys. The results are based on analysis of the tensile strength, notched tensile strength, and their resulting ratio for AISI-304L sheet and also X-ray analysis of the accompanying transformation characteristics.
Effect of Boron Nitride Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Composites

The mechanical properties of three phase nano-modified carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composites (CFRP) fabricated using Heated Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (HVARTM) is investigated. Eight layers of carbon fiber plain weave mats were stacked in quasi isotropic layup and Epoxy 862 resin (non–modified and modified with Boron Nitride Nanoparticles (BNNPs)) was used. For mechanical properties characterization, three ASTM tests were performed. These tests included Tension Test (ASTM D3039), Compression Test (ASTM D6641) and Flexural Bending Test (ASTM D7264). The behavior of control and nano-modified composite laminates were compared. Results indicated that even small percentage of Boron Nitride Nanoparticle can significantly affect mechanical behavior of CFRP as well as progressive failure mechanisms.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Mind the gap: a case of severe methanol intoxication.

We report a case of a 37-year-old woman with non-insulin-dependent diabetes on sitagliptin, an alcohol abuser who was brought unresponsive to the emergency department of our hospital. On arrival, the patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated due to a low Glasgow Coma score of 3/15. Initial laboratory testing identified profound high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Owing to the dubious circumstances and the depth of acidosis, methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication was suspected. Further evaluation revealed a significantly increased serum osmolal gap. Pending volatile compound screen, fomepizole was started and urgent haemodialysis undertaken. Subsequent brain MRI identified changes in putamen of bilateral basal ganglia, suggestive of methanol intoxication. The patient was later found to have an initial methanol level of 237 mg/dL. She was successfully extubated on day 2 of hospitalisation, with residual cognitive and visual deficits.
Biblical Ethics: 3D:

The past two decades have seen significant developments in the field of biblical ethics. The article looks at these in three dimensions so as to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the ef...
Finite element design and analysis of a bolted patch repair for composites

This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a bolted patch repair for thick composite plates. Twodimensional finite element analyses using MSC/NASTRAN were carried out for the design and analysis of a patch repair of a bi-axially loaded composite plates with a damage hole. In order to study the patch effect on the stress/strain level around the damage hole, a variety of repair patch configurations were designed and analyzed. The patches, which were made of fiber metal laminates GLARE-3, were examined for different patch thickness, fastener diameter and spacing, number of fasteners and fastener pattern. The repair efficiency was also investigated in terms of the strain reduction at the damage hole and the deficiency of the patch was examined in terms of the strain increase at fastener holes. Numerical results indicated that a balance of the stress level at the damage hole and the fastener holes must be achieved to obtain the desired patch repair performance.
Revisiting transmission and diffusion: An agent-based model of vowel chain shifts across large communities

In this study, we present the first agent-based simulation of vowel chain shifts across large communities, providing a parsimonious reinterpretation of Labov's (2007) notions of transmission, diffusion, and incrementation. Labov determined that parent-to-child transmission faithfully reproduces structural patterns such as the Northern Cities Shift (NCS), but adult-to-adult diffusion does not. NCS is transmitted faithfully to new generations of U.S. Inland North children. But St. Louis speakers, depending only on adult-adult contact, only attain an incomplete, unsystematic version. Labov (2007) attributed the difference to children's superior language-learning ability; transmission and diffusion are categorically different processes in that approach. By contrast, our multiagent simulation suggests that such transmission/diffusion effects can be derived by simple density of interactions and simple exemplar learning; we also find that incrementation is a natural outcome of this model. Unlike Labov (2007), this model does not require a dichotomy between transmission and diffusion. While dichotomous assumptions about child versus adult learning may be necessary in other contexts, our results suggest that the NCS effects in Labov (2007) may be explained economically in terms of simple density of interactions between speakers. Our results also provide an agent-based perspective supporting and explicating the notion of speech community.
APPLICATION OF SBR——CALCULATING THE RCS OF AN ARBITRARY SHAPED OPEN-ENDED CAVITY

The main idea of SBR-shooting and bouncing rays-ia discussed in thiapaper. Using SBR, the EOS of a complicated S-shaped open-ended cavity is calculated. The cavity, with two layers of absorber-lining,has a nonuniform cross section. The cavity curvature is fitted with a series of waveguide configurations, the fitting functions being the simple ones. It is found that the calculated results are in agreement with the measured results.
Detection and Initial Characterization of Plasmids in XanthomonasCampestris Pv. Glycines

Xanthomonascampestris pv. glycines causes bacterial pustule disease on susceptible soybean cultivars. This disease is characterized by host cell hypertrophy leading to pustule formation at the site of infection. Sixteen virulent and four avirulent isolates were examined for the presence of plasmids by detergent lysis and electrophoresis. All virulent strains harbor between one and three plasmids. All avirulent strains are plasmid free. Ten of the virulent strains contain an approximately 18 megadalton (mdal) plasmid. The other six virulent strains have a plasmid between 11 and 29 mdal in size. Restriction endonuclease digestion with BamHI and PstI indicates identity or near identity for all these plasmids. Two virulent strains harbor an additional 26 mdal plasmid. One of these also contains a 110 mdal plasmid. Nine virulent strains have in common an approximately 1 mdal plasmid which is, in all but one case, refractory to BamHI and PstI digestion. None of the strains are resistant to any of the 15 antibiotics and antibacterials examined. The function of these plasmids in X. campestris pv. glycines is not known. The presence of the 18 mdal plasmid or its derivatives in all virulent strains, and its absence from all avirulent strains tested to date, suggests a role in pathogenicity.
Highlighting in Early Childhood: Learning Biases Through Attentional Shifting.

The literature on human and animal learning suggests that individuals attend to and act on cues differently based on the order in which they were learned. Recent studies have proposed that one specific type of learning outcome, the highlighting effect, can serve as a framework for understanding a number of early cognitive milestones. However, little is known how this learning effect itself emerges among children, whose memory and attention are much more limited compared to adults. Two experiments were conducted using different versions of the general highlighting paradigm: Experiment 1 tested 3 to 6 year olds with a newly developed image-based version of the paradigm, which was designed specifically to test young children. Experiment 2 tested the validity of an image-based implementation of the highlighting paradigm with adult participants. The results from Experiment 1 provide evidence for the highlighting effect among children 3-6 years old, and they suggest age-related differences in dividing attention among multiple cues during learning. Experiment 2 replicated results from previous studies by showing robust biases for both image-based and text-based versions of the highlighting task. This study suggests that sensitivity to learning order emerges early through the process of cued attention, and the role of the highlighting effect in early language learning is discussed.
GaAs MMIC evaluation of via fracturing

An evaluation of the frequency of via fracturing in GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) devices is presented. After the development of a test pattern, devices were reflow-soldered to carrier plates utilizing gold-tin solder (80/20). Via fractures were tabulated and analyzed resulting, in a number of comparisons: frequency of fracturing as a function of via density, center vs. edge positioning on the device, linear vs. cluster arrangement of the vias, via diameter, and device thickness. Finally, guidelines were developed for reduction of the frequency of fracturing. It is concluded that to minimize the rate of via fracturing in GaAs devices mounted with AuSn solder, vias should be of the smallest diameter possible with current etch technology; slice thickness should not exceed 4 mils; and vias should be spaced no closer than 10 mils, edge-to-edge. >
Beyond Disasters: A Longitudinal Analysis of Natural Hazards' Unequal Impacts on Residential Instability

This study investigates the unequal impact of natural hazard damage on people’s residential instability over time by shifting analyses from an event-centered design common in disaster studies to a longitudinal, population-centered approach. To demonstrate this approach, we link annual data on property damages from natural hazards at the county level to geocoded data on nationally representative samples of men and women from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Results indicate that the average US household lives in a county that experiences five documented hazards per year, totaling $20 million in direct property damage. Findings also indicate that as local damages accrue over time, so does residential instability, net of other factors. This pattern is particularly strong for Black and Latina women, for whom measurable differences in personal and social resources interact with hazard damages to significantly increase residential instability over time.
Imputing plant community classifications for forest inventory plots

Abstract Native plant community (NPC) classifications typically require on-site visits and in-depth observations by trained ecologists. The goal is to identify unique floristic and environmental characteristics indicative of a particular plant community, ecosystem, or demographic condition. Such data are often desired to inform management decisions on sustainable timber and ecosystem services production over local to large landscapes. Yet, the time and funding needed to identify, assess, catalogue, and map these communities is often limited. Lacking these classifications, we rely on imprecise determinations of the prevalence of various NPCs. Further, extrapolating statewide NPC extent from previously imputed classifications for state managed stands is difficult without a representative sampling design including all ownerships. As a solution to the NPC sample coverage limitation, we describe an extension of a previously reported imputation model to provide the desired statewide classifications and corresponding estimates of the ecological landscape state indicator provided by NPC extent. First, NPC observations from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) Division of Ecological and Water Resources for 1964–2015 were linked with MNDNR Forest Inventory Management (FIM) stand data to provide a set of observed polygons for training the imputation model. Then, USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data, were associated with the observed stands to provide NPC classifications for a subset of plots (e.g., training plots) contained in the FIA database for Minnesota. NPC information was then linked to forest inventory and physiographic layers via spatial association techniques in a geographic information system. Soils data describing drainage, productivity, thickness of the rooting zone, and land position were also used. Finally, validation of resulting imputed classifications shows that application of the model to the statewide FIA inventory will result in an error rate between 8% and 30% with a mean of 83% of imputations correct at the class level. We then updated the publicly accessible FIA database for Minnesota with imputed NPC classifications and scripted labeling schemes integrated with the EVALIDator report building tool to produce estimates of forestland extent. Here, we focus on estimates of NPC class by FIA Survey Unit and inventory year. Finally, quantified estimates of landscape state (e.g., NPC extent and condition) are enabled for inventories ending between 1977 and 2014. Imputed data from this series of statewide inventories enables the analysis of landscape change, and facilitates strategic planning to move the bioregional landscape in a desired ecological direction, or to provide specific ecosystem services.
Remarks on the Breakdown of Analyticity for ∂ b and Szegö Kernels

This expository article represents an expanded account of a lecture delivered at the conference on harmonic analysis held in Sendai in August, 1990. We aim primarily to present background material and to link together several recent works, but some new material is included as well.
Inside Bickle's Brain: Scorsese, Schrader, and Wolfe on Psychological Realism

Abstract:In their four collaborations, Paul Schrader and Martin Scorsese fashion narratives from the subjective point of view of disturbed loners. As these men withdraw further into isolation, they can construct in their imagination an alternative universe with only minimal relationship to external reality.
Livability: A politics for abnormative lives:

This article introduces the concept of abnormativity as way of theorizing the realities of subjects who suffer from marginalization and/or erasure, specifically sex workers. It then develops livability as a playbook of political action which attends to the abnormative lives of sex workers by balancing resistance to institutionalized forms of marginalization with queer critical approaches to heteronormativity. It proposes this framework as suitable for frontline sex-worker support projects, outlining the limitations and benefits of three ethico-political models that aim to address the conditions of abnormativity: the politics of recognition, intersectional recognition, and critical intelligibility. It argues that each of these models is insufficient on its own, but that intersectional recognition and critical intelligibility can be mobilized productively together as the politics of livability.
Fully reconfigurable evanescent mode bandpass filter embedded with metallic grid

In this paper, an innovative bandpass filter design with both reconfigurable center frequency as well as controllable fractional bandwidth is presented. The main body of this bandpass filter is made of arrays of periodical metallic posts that known as electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure previously. Given that working frequency of such filter is targeted below cutoff frequency thus no propagation mode could be supported; therefore, more often this filter are also called evanescent (EVA) mode filter. Proposed is a three-pole reconfigurable EVA (RCEVA) filter that based on substrate of low loss Rogers material and consists of two arrays of metallic posts that either oriented in horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, all surfaces of the substrate of the filter are plated with 1/2 oz copper and with two sets of surface-mount lumped capacitors. One set of lumped capacitor on the top plate tunes the center frequency (CF) while another set on the side controls the fractional bandwidth. Both center frequency (CF) and fractional bandwidth are individually tunable. The center frequency (CF) of the three-pole filter is tunable from 4.44 GHz to 4.88 GHz and with reconfigurable 3 dB fractional bandwidth ranging from 6.8% to 8.4%; meanwhile maintains consistent insertion loss (IL) during tuning. It has very high potential for applications that require constant absolute bandwidth (ABW) during the center frequency tuning in order to meet more stringent wireless communication SPECs.
Experimental and modeling study on the non-linear structural build-up of fresh cement pastes incorporating viscosity modifying admixtures

Abstract Linear models are commonly used to describe the early structural build-up of cement-based materials. However, some studies have shown that there exists a faster non-linear phase before the linear phase. In this study, a simple non-linear thixotropy model is presented to describe the structural build-up process. It was quantified using static yield stress and storage modulus, which are measured through the stress growth protocol and small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests, respectively. The effect of pre-shear, rest condition and viscosity modifying admixtures (nanoclay and diutan gum) on the build-up behavior are studied. The results showed distinctly different trends between static yield stress and storage modulus. This may be attributed to the two different structures of fresh cement pastes, i.e. floc structures and C-S-H structures, measured by the stress growth protocol and SAOS test, respectively.
The Relationship of Advocacy and Mentorship with Female Accountants' Career Success

Abstract Despite being the majority of new graduates for three decades, female accountants have not proportionately risen to the top of corporations or public accounting firms. Mentoring has been championed as an important variable in women's advancement, yet to date no research has examined how mentoring may be associated with improved career success measures such as organizational level and salary attained by female accountants. This study utilizes survey responses from almost 900 female accountants to assess the relationship between having a mentor and objective career outcomes, as well as beliefs about future promotions. We consider whether career success outcomes and beliefs about future promotions differ based upon mentor origin, mentor gender and mentor functions provided. Results indicate that having a mentor is associated with greater career advancement outcomes. Relationships that are characterized by stronger career development functions are associated with a higher perceived likelihood of promotion, and having a male mentor is associated with higher compensation and higher organizational level. Informal mentoring relationships are also associated with higher compensation and organizational level, supporting findings of previous research that suggests benefits of formal mentoring relationships are somewhat limited.
Two-Dimensional Random Fields

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses two-dimensional random fields. This chapter focuses on the obtainment of a few results for a class of Gaussian processes with a multidimensional time parameter. The results are obtained by an appropriate modification of the techniques employed in the case of a one-dimensional time parameter and are indicated in some detail in the two-dimensional case. The chapter also explores the mean and covariance properties of a Gaussian conditional distribution, and presents the equation of a covariance matrix leading to the desired covariance function. A simple computation using the conditional mean of one Gaussian variable given another determines the limiting mean.
Attitudes and behaviors of social work students toward lesbian and gay male clients: Can panel presentations make a difference?

Abstract Since the requirement of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) to integrate theoretical and practice content about the oppression of gay and lesbian persons into the curriculum, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of various methods of incorporating the content. This paper reports the results of a study examining the effects of a panel presentation on social work students' attitudes, their anticipated professional practice, and the relationship between their attitudes and anticipated professional behavior. It also compares the results from the panel presentation with the results from other intervention methods. Results indicated that the panel presentation had little influence on the attitudes or anticipated professional behavior of students. Intervention methods integrated into the classroom setting influenced the attitudes and anticipated professional behavior of students significantly more than the panel presentation.
LAMBING PERFORMANCE OF MORLAM AND DORSET EWES UNDER ACCELERATED LAMBING SYSTEMS

Two accelerated lambing systems, Morlam using Morlam sheep (USDA, Beltsville 1966 to 1975) and Camal using Dorset ewes (Cornell 1978 to 1981), were evaluated for first lambing ages, interlambing intervals and conception probabilities. Morlam ewes were continuously exposed to rams over the year, while Camal Dorset ewes were exposed every other month. Morlam lambs were mated as early as 367 d of age and Camal Dorset lambs as early as 340 d. Early lambing was associated with higher rates of perinatal mortality (P greater than .05) and smaller litter size (P less than .01). Lambing years among Morlam ewes and season of birth of Camal Dorset ewes influenced (P less than .01) their first lambing ages. Lambing intervals averaged 293 and 303 d among Morlam and Camal Dorset ewes, respectively. Age at first lambing and season in which the previous lambing occurred with influential factors (P less than .01) on lambing intervals of Morlam ewes; longer intervals resulted when ewe lambs were mated at early ages (less than 12 mo), and when the previous lambing occurred in winter. Estimates of conditional probabilities of conception by month given the occurrence of estrus, reflected seasonal changes in both systems. The overall probability of conception for the Morlam system (P = .16) was relatively higher than that for the Camal Dorset system (P = .14); numbers of lambings per ewe per yr were 1.28 and 1.21, respectively. Estimates of heritability for age at first lambing, lambing interval and conception probability were .31, .06 and .30, respectively.
Facile capture of conjugated polymer nanodots in silica nanoparticles to facilitate surface modification

Conjugated polymer nanodots are shown to have great potential as probe for fluorescence-based biosensing and bioimaging applications. Yet the need to functionalize these polymer nanodots is hindering their uses in many applications. Here, we report the preparation and encapsulation of fluorescent polymer nanodots inside silica nanoparticles. The facile, template-assisted method has little effect on the fluorescent properties of polymer nanodots. The resulting nanodot-embedded silica nanoparticles can be easily functionalized for downstream applications.
Abstract 4290: Mad1 promotes tumor progression through destabilization of p53

Mitotic arrest deficient 1 (Mad1) plays a well-characterized role in the mitotic checkpoint. However, interphase roles of Mad1 that do not impact mitotic checkpoint function are still largely uncharacterized. We have found that upregulation of Mad1, which is common in human breast cancer, results in decreased protein stability of the tumor suppressor p53 in multiple cell types. To gain mechanistic insight into this process, we first determined whether increasing expression of Mad1 alters its localization. Upregulated Mad1 localizes to puncta within interphase nuclei in both breast cancer tissue and cultured cells. We found that upregulated Mad1 localizes to ProMyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies (PML NBs), which have been implicated in the stabilization of p53. Immunoprecipitation results indicate that Mad1 and PML interact and that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Mad1 and the N-terminal domain of PML are required for this interaction. Within the CTD of Mad1, the SUMO-Interacting Motif (SIM) is critical for the localization of Mad1 to PML NBs. MDM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for degradation. In response to DNA damage, PML sequesters Mdm2 to the nucleolus, which stabilizes p53. In cells with elevated levels of Mad1, Mad1 interrupts the interaction between PML and MDM2. Mad1, rather than MDM2, is sequestered to the nucleolus after DNA damage, and Mad1 displaces MDM2 from PML. The displaced MDM2 is no longer sequestered in the nucleolus, freeing it to ubiquitinate p53, resulting in p53 destabilization. Upregulation of Mad1 promotes the growth of orthotopic mammary tumors. Mammary tumors with upregulated Mad1 show decreased levels of p53 and its downstream effector p21. Our results show that, in addition to causing a low rate of chromosome missegregation, Mad1 upregulation has an unexpected interphase role in promoting tumor formation and progression by destabilizing p53. Thus, Mad1 upregulation promotes tumors in through at least two distinct pathways. Citation Format: Jun Wan, Beth A. Weaver. Mad1 promotes tumor progression through destabilization of p53 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4290.
Visual performance impaired by elevated sedimentary and algal turbidity in walleye Sander vitreus and emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides.

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different forms of elevated turbidity on the visual acuity of two native Lake Erie fishes and to assess the response of fishes from different trophic levels to elevated turbidity. Additionally, the role of visual morphology (e.g., eye and optic lobe size) on visual acuity was evaluated across visual environments. Reaction distance, a behavioural proxy for measures of visual acuity, was measured for a top predator, walleye Sander vitreus and a forage fish, emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides. In both S. vitreus (n = 27) and N. atherinoides (n = 40) reaction distance across all types of turbidity (sedimentary, algal, sedimentary + algal; 20 NTU) was approximately 50% lower relative to the clear treatment. Reaction distance was further reduced in algal compared with sedimentary turbidity for wild-caught S. vitreus. Eye and brain morphology also influenced reaction distance across turbidity treatments, such that larger relative eye and brain metrics were positively correlated with reaction distance. This study provides evidence for disrupted visual acuity as a potential mechanism underlying fish responses, such as decreased foraging efficiency, to increased turbidity and further indicates that algal turbidity will probably be more detrimental to visual processes than sedimentary turbidity. With the increasing occurrence and severity of harmful algal blooms due to cultural eutrophication globally, this could have significant implications for predator-prey relationships in aquatic systems.
Abstract P384: Conditional knockout of Acid Ceramidase in Renal Collecting Ducts Induced Sodium Retention in Mice

We have previously shown that renal sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite formed by phosphorylation of sphingosine, increases sodium excretion through inhibition of epi...
The politics of free: open source software in government

"Linux has become a Wall Street buzzword, much like 'e-commerce' and 'dot-com' before it" according to Sam Williams in Free as in Freedom . Even after the dot-com bust, however, the adoption of open source alternatives, such as the GNU/Linux operating system, is still a hot topic in both the public and private sectors. With large companies such as Sun Microsystems and IBM now giving their full support to open source initiatives and the growing consumer backlash against the Microsoft Windows operating system, the so-called open source movement is beginning to gain popular exposure, both in the private sector, as well as in government applications. Governmental use of free software --- not just free in the commercial sense, but "free as in speech" --- can have a democratizing effect on the government.
Evaluating a Stone of Hope: ICER's 2019 Review of Treatments for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

DISCLOSURES: No funding contributed to the writing of this commentary. Brandsema reports consulting for Alexion, Audentes, AveXis, Biogen, Cytokinetics, PTC Therapeutics, Sarepta, and WaVe and has ...
2.14 – False Memories

A complete understanding of human memory requires us to comprehend memory’s failures as well as its successes. In addition to being inherently interesting, memory errors provide insight into how memory functions for successful, accurate retrieval. This chapter outlines several areas in which human memory is less than perfect, including false memory for words, eyewitness suggestibility, verbal overshadowing, false fame, imagination inflation, and implanted memories for entire events. Not surprisingly, given the complexity of memory, there are many different ways that error can enter the system, from encoding to retrieval. Together, the data highlight the constructive nature of memory, as proposed by Bartlett (1932).
Hope for Change in the Post-Apocalypse: Gender Roles in The Last of Us

This paper explores the portrayal of gender in the post-apocalypse by looking at the postapocalyptic video game The Last of Us. The paper uses scholarship on apocalypse, videogames, and gender to show that while the game adheres to some gender stereotypes it ultimately represents progress in its representation of gender roles. The paper uses examples of the game’s portrayal of its characters and its depiction of the consequences of violent masculinity in a zombie apocalypse to illustrate how a post-apocalyptic video game can take steps towards imagining new gender roles in the post-apocalypse.
Patient and Provider-Reported Satisfaction of Cancer Rehabilitation Telemedicine Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the growth of telemedicine services across the United States. In this study, we examined cancer rehabilitation patient and physician satisfaction with telemedicine visits. We also sought to evaluate the types of provider services that are given during telemedicine visits. Objective To assess overall patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine visits and explore whether satisfaction varied by contact method (phone or video) and encounter type (new problem, worsening problem, stable/improving problem). Design Prospective survey study. Setting Cancer rehabilitation program at an academic medical center. Participants Three cancer rehabilitation providers and 155 unique patients participated in the study. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Provider and patient satisfaction measured by customized surveys. Results One hundred eighty-four encounters with 169 unique patients were scheduled. Of these, 14 were new visits and 170 were follow-up visits. Eighteen encounters (9.8%) were either no shows or rescheduled, making for 166 encounters with 155 unique patients. Patient and provider responses comprised the following: 94.8% of patient responses reported "quite a bit" or "very much" for the telemedicine visit being a good experience; 63.1% of patient responses reported "quite a bit" or "very much" for interest in using telemedicine visits in the future; and 83.9% of provider responses reported "quite a bit" or "very much" for the patient's main problem being addressed by the visit. Providers were more likely to prefer an in-person visit for a new or worsening problem versus a stable/improving problem. The most common services provided were medication prescription/titration and education/counseling. The least common services provided were making of new diagnoses, ordering interventional procedures, and making referrals. Conclusion Telemedicine visits were well received by both patients and providers in a cancer rehabilitation medicine clinic setting. However, in the case of a new or worsening problem, satisfaction declined. These data support that telemedicine visits should be considered essential as part of comprehensive cancer rehabilitation care, especially during a public health crisis.
Structural dynamics, phase behavior, and applications of polyelectrolyte complex micelles

Abstract Self-assembly between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes conjugated to neutral polymeric blocks form polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles. These nanostructures have gained significant interest in the field of nucleic acid and protein delivery, along with emerging applications in biosensing and catalysis. These carriers are highly modular systems, with the ability to engineer stimuli-responsive and targeting properties, making them smart platforms for biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mechanisms involved in the assembly and disassembly of these nanoparticles, and the structural and functional changes as a response to solution conditions. We also discuss the latest and most impactful applications of PEC micellar systems in the biomedical field, with far-reaching influence on the treatment of various human diseases.
Design and implementation of active learning strategies to enhance student understanding of foundational concepts in biochemistry

For many students biochemistry is a demanding course because they are expected to apply previously learned foundational concepts to new biological contexts. These foundational concepts serve as a scaffold onto which to build threshold concepts such as the physical basis of interactions. Unfortunately, many students possess misconceptions or gaps in knowledge of these foundational concepts which hinder their understanding of new information. This paper describes the implementation of an iterative process to improve student foundational concept learning in an introductory biochemistry course. The process includes pre-assessment of foundational concept knowledge, introduction of interventions targeting low performing concepts and re-assessment of student learning gains. Diverse active learning strategies such as problem-based worksheets, tactile learning activities, review activities and learning cycle activities were introduced to target concepts including hydrogen bonding, pH/pKa, bond energy and chemical equilibrium. While all active learning strategies resulted in improved posttest scores compared to pretest scores, no one strategy appears to be more beneficial than another. Survey results suggest students recognized the value of utilizing the various active learning strategies in the classroom to enhance critical thinking skills, engagement during class time, and collaboration skills. The process allows instructors the breadth and flexibility to introduce diverse active learning strategies tailored to their specific student needs in an effort to improve student foundational concept learning.
The stability of simple plane-symmetric shock formation for 3D compressible Euler flow with vorticity and entropy

Consider a $1$D simple small-amplitude solution $(\rho_{(bkg)}, v^1_{(bkg)})$ to the isentropic compressible Euler equations which has smooth initial data, coincides with a constant state outside a compact set, and forms a shock in finite time. Viewing $(\rho_{(bkg)}, v^1_{(bkg)})$ as a plane-symmetric solution to the full compressible Euler equations in $3$D, we prove that the shock-formation mechanism for the solution $(\rho_{(bkg)}, v^1_{(bkg)})$ is stable against all sufficiently small and compactly supported perturbations. In particular, these perturbations are allowed to break the symmetry and have non-trivial vorticity and variable entropy. Our approach reveals the full structure of the set of blowup-points at the first singular time: within the constant-time hypersurface of first blowup, the solution's first-order Cartesian coordinate partial derivatives blow up precisely on the zero level set of a function that measures the inverse foliation density of a family of characteristic hypersurfaces. Moreover, relative to a set of geometric coordinates constructed out of an acoustic eikonal function, the fluid solution and the inverse foliation density function remain smooth up to the shock; the blowup of the solution's Cartesian coordinate partial derivatives is caused by a degeneracy between the geometric and Cartesian coordinates, signified by the vanishing of the inverse foliation density (i.e., the intersection of the characteristics).
Specific β-Defensins Stimulate Pruritus through Activation of Sensory Neurons.

Pruritus is a common symptom of dermatological disorders and has a major negative impact on QOL. Previously, it was suggested that human β-defensin peptides elicit itch through the activation of mast cells. In this study, we investigated in more detail the mechanisms by which β-defensins induce itch by defining the receptors activated by these peptides in humans and mice, by establishing their action in vivo, and by examining their expression in inflammatory dermal diseases. We found that elevated expression of DEFB103 is highly correlated with skin lesions in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. We showed that the peptide encoded by this gene and related genes activate Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors with different potencies that are related to their charge density. Furthermore, we establish that although these peptides can activate mast cells, they also activate sensory neurons, with the former cells being dispensable for itch reactions in mice. Together, our studies highlight that specific β-defensins are likely endogenous pruritogens that can directly stimulate sensory neurons.
Prevalence of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in Saudi Arabia over 24 years.: A retrospective single-institution study.

Objectives: To conduct a descriptive clinicopathological and demographic analysis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans among Saudi patients attending a tertiary care center in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study reviewed the medical records and pathology reports of Saudi patients attending a tertiary center (Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care) in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia from 1995 to 2019 to identify all cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Demographic and phenotypic data were also analyzed. Results: Thirty-five Saudi patients were identified as having dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Females constituted 68.6% of patients. The trunk was the most common site of involvement (54.3%), followed by the lower extremities (34.3%), upper extremities (8.6%), and head and neck (2.9%). The mean tumor size was 2.9 cm (standard deviation: ±2.0). There was only one case of distant metastasis of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Conclusions: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was not frequently encountered in Saudi patients in a tertiary center that treats approximately 187,668 patients. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans disease patterns and demographic data were similar to those reported worldwide. Further studies are required to characterize dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the Saudi population.
Goal Framing as a Persuasive Technique to Promote Safe Behavior in the Domain of Information Security

We propose a communication method based on goal framing (positive or negative framing of messages) to improve the persuasive power of the security messages communicated to users of information systems. Following previous findings in goal framing research, we distinguish between messages advocating adopting preventative security measures and messages advocating adopting detective security measures. We test whether positive framing is more effective for advocating prevention and whether negative framing is more effective for advocating detection, as observed in other domains. Results from our pilot study revealed important patterns in data that are partly in line with findings of previous studies in other domains. Possibilities for future research in this area are discussed.
A systematic review of the effects of therapeutic taping on patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of patellar taping on pain control, patellar alignment, and neuromuscular control (ie, vastus medialis oblique activation, knee extensor moment, etc) in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Data sources We searched MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, PEDro, and CINAHL through December 2004, using the key words patellar taping, therapeutic taping, McConnell taping, taping, chronic injury, patellofemoral pain, and knee. Study selection Criteria for inclusion criteria were studies that exclusively recruited patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome or anterior knee pain and outcome measures specific to pain reduction, neuromuscular control, and patellar positioning. Data extraction We identified and reviewed 16 studies with an average PEDro score of 4.25/10. Articles were divided into 3 categories based on primary outcome measures: 4 randomized controlled trials on treatment methods and pain, 9 studies on neuromuscular control, and 3 on patellar positioning. Data synthesis Although patellar taping seems to reduce pain and improve function in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome during activities of daily living and rehabilitation exercise, strong evidence to identify the underlying mechanisms is still not available.
A Subpixel Deconvolution Method for Astronomical Images

We present results from the use of an image deconvolution method for achieving subpixel resolution in certain data regimes. Restorations are performed using a shell which utilizes the Gull-Skilling MEMSYS-3 package. We have performed extensive tests using the method and have determined general limits of its applicability and resolving power. We present results from applying the technique to simulated and real images of sparse and closely crowded astronomical fields. Specific projects involved in this study include a search for close companions to quasars and the structural investigation of star cluster cores.
Direct observation of distributions of mixed clusters of coadsorbed species in zeolite NaA

Summary We show for the first time that the individual peaks corresponding to Xe n clusters inside the alpha cages of zeolite NaA can be narrowed under magic angle spinning. Under these high resolution conditions we observe the individual peaks corresponding to mixed dusters Xe n Kr m inside the alpha cages, which allows the direct determination of the distribution of coadsorbates in a microporous solid for the first time.
The Melting and the Pot: Assimilation and Variety in American Life

There has been never been a single American “melting pot;” that singular image will remain a deeply flawed one – sociologically as well as ideologically – unless and until it can be applied inclusively, interethnically and interracially. Nonetheless, as a matter of empirical fact, the possibilities of interminglings at every level of social and cultural life are today greater than ever in U.S. history, and thus a critical reconsideration of processes and outcomes of “assimilation” in American life is worth undertaking, along with a reevaluation of the master concept itself. In what follows I explore the evolution and elaboration of the concept in American social science, and offer some reflections on the ideology, and the sociology, of the “melting pot” as a master frame, as an idea and as an ideal, evocative of and vying with other images of the centripetal and centrifugal social forces that forge national union and diversity, “us” and “them.”