cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The evolution of organizations and the development of appropriate knowledge structures

Purpose – Beginning from the premise that organizations go through different stages of development and that different types of knowledge exist, this paper seeks to explore the extent to which organizations need to place greater emphasis on ensuring adequate and relevant access to knowledge, while protecting it from unwarranted dissemination. Design/methodology/approach – Using a stage of development framework, a conceptual argument is presented. It is suggested that, while significant attention is paid to knowledge management in organizations, of even greater importance is the need to develop systems and structures to support access, while protecting it from unwarranted dissemination and possible loss of critical capabilities and competencies. Findings – The paper suggests that there is no single knowledge structure that is appropriate. Instead, organizations must develop different knowledge structures depending on the stage of the organization’s development and the type of knowledge under consideration. In so doing, all efforts must be made to facilitate access to knowledge by those who require it but also to recognize that systems must be employed to prevent unwarranted access. Such unwarranted access may erode competencies and capabilities critical to organizational success. Originality/value – The ideas reinforce the need for organizations to better understand what knowledge they possess and the need to balance requirements for access and control.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=241

Abstract Available information pertaining to the nuclear structure of ground and excited states for all known nuclei with mass numbers A = 241 have been compiled and evaluated. The adopted level and decay schemes, as well as the detailed nuclear properties and configuration assignments based on experimental data are presented for these nuclides. When there are insufficient data, expected values from systematics of nuclear properties or/and theoretical calculations are quoted. Unexpected or discrepant experimental results are also noted. A summary and compilation of the discovery of various isotopes in this mass region is given in 2013Fr02 (241Np, 241Pu, 241Am, 241Cm, 241Bk, and 241Cf), 2011Me01 (241Es), and 2013Th02 (241Fm).
Impact of Hurricane Rita on Texas poison center calls.

INTRODUCTION: On 24 September 2005, Hurricane Rita made landfall in eastern Texas, resulting in the mandatory evacuation of 16 counties and declaration of disaster areas in 22 counties afterward. HYPOTHESIS: This study tested whether the evacuation and hurricane landfall affected the pattern of Texas poison center calls. METHODS: Texas poison center calls received from the 22 disaster-area counties were identified for three time periods: (1) 10-20 September 2005 (pre-evacuation); (2) 21-25 September 2005 (evacuation and hurricane landfall); and (3) 26 September-08 October 2005 (post-evacuation). The numbers of calls reviewed during the two latter time periods were compared to a baseline range (BR) derived from the number of calls received during corresponding time periods in 2002, 2003, and 2004. This comparison was made for total calls, as well as calls involving pill identifications, other information, total exposures, carbon monoxide exposures, gasoline exposures, food poisoning, water contamination, and other information. RESULTS: The daily call volume was relatively stable during the pre-evacuation period (mean = 291), declined during the evacuation period (mean = 191), and returned to normal volume during the post-evacuation period (mean = 283). During the evacuation and landfall period, only gasoline exposure calls were higher than expected (n = 68, BR = 11-30). During the post-evacuation period, the only higher than expected call volumes were for carbon monoxide exposures (n = 11, BR = 2-10) and gasoline exposures (n = 40, BR = 12-28). CONCLUSIONS: During an evacuation, total poison center call volume in the affected area may decline, although certain calls such as those involving gasoline exposures might increase. After a hurricane, the total call volume returns to normal, but certain calls such as those involving carbon monoxide and gasoline exposures may increase. This information allows for poison centers and public health providers to prepare their response to hurricanes and to educate the population before such events occurs. Language: en
The Berlin Mandate: The Design of Cost-Effective Mitigation Strategies

The Berlin Mandate calls for strengthening developed country commitments for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. This paper addresses a key issue in the current analysis and assessment phase — the costs of proposals to limit CO2 emissions. Employing four widely-used energy-economy models, we explore the direct and indirect effects of alternative proposals on the global economy. We also examine the implications for atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We begin by examining an AOSIS-like proposal in which OECD countries agree to reduce CO2 emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by a specified date. We find that implementing such a proposal could be quite costly. Not surprisingly, OECD countries would be hardest hit. Their costs could be as high as several percent of GDP. The analysis also shows that because of trade effects, non-OECD countries would likely incur costs even when reductions are confined to the OECD. An economic slowdown in the OECD would affect the full range of developing country exports, and hence their economic growth. This would likely be the case for both oil-importing and oil-exporting developing countries. We then explore alternatives that are apt to be quite similar in terms of environmental benefits, but allow for flexibility in where and when emission reductions are made. We find that costs could be substantially reduced through international cooperation and the optimal timing of emission reductions. Indeed, such flexibility can reduce costs by more than 80%, potentially saving the international community trillions of dollars in mitigation costs. We find that reliance on more flexible alternatives reduces costs more effectively than adopting weaker, but still inflexible, commitments.
Pathogenesis of Rat Colon Carcinomas Induced by N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea

Colon specimens were obtained from 45 young male and female inbred CDF rats between 11 and 42 weeks after they began to receive intrarectal injections of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) 43--108 mg, total dose); specimens were also obtained from 26 control rats. Well-developed tumors from rats receiving MNU generally presented grossly as polyps; histologically, as invasive adenocarcinomas that had not metastasized. These tumors resembled their human counterparts. Focal epithelial atypias were found in grossly normal mucosa both from rats that had not yet developed tumors and from tumor-bearing rats. Such foci typically consisted of low columnar cells with enlarged nuclei, increased number of mitoses, cytoplasmic basophilia, and reduced cytoplasmic mucus. Serial section studies of minute foci of atypia indicated that some of them arose from normal deep crypt cells. Transitions were frequently found between atypical foci and in situ or invasive carcinomas. Less commonly, adenomatous epithelium was identified in the early lesions or within the frank adenocarcinomas. It was concluded that most invasive carcinomas in this rat model originate in foci of epithelial atypia, which are found with increasing frequency in the flat mucosa during treatment with MNU, but that some carcinomas also arise from adenomatous epithelium.
Gold Diffusion in Silicon During Gettering by an Aluminum Layer

Previous modeling of Al gettering of Au in Si indicated that, for an Al gettering layer placed on one surface of a Si wafer, Au will be gettered from both surface regions of the wafer to progressively greater depths with time. This is because, in Si, Au is a substitutional-interstitial (Aus-Aui) species with its diffusion governed by the kick-out mechanism which is mediated by Si self-inter-stitials (I). During gettering by the Al-Si liquid at one wafer surface, Aus atoms change over to Au atoms to rapidly migrate out of Si into the liquid. The changeover process consumes I. At the two wafer surface regions, the consumed I will be quickly replenished, while in the wafer interior an I undersaturation develops which hinders the Aus-Aui changeover and hence the gettering process. Experimental evidences which confirm the predictions have been obtained. Au was indiffused into a FZ Si wafer at 950°C for 16 hr. After removing the Au source and etching, samples from the in-diffused wafer were annealed at 1000°C without or with an Al layer on one surface. For samples without Al, there is no change in the net Au content, while the U-shaped indiffused profile becomes flatter. For samples with an Al layer, both wafer surface region Au concentrations were significantly decreased in 30 min while the wafer interior Au concentrations decreased only after annealing for longer times. The model predictions, the experimental results, and the implications on Si self-diffusion parameters will be discussed.
Robust Inversion Using Biweight Norm

Finding the least-absolute (`1 norm) error solution to solve an optimized problem is known to give a better answer than the classical least-squares (`2 norm) method does. It is because the robust property of the median value is not much affected by outlier values and the solution of the least `1-norm error corresponds to the solution of minimum median error. Several variants of the `1 norm such as the Huber norm and the Hybrid norm have the same robust properties. These `1-normbased optimization methods obtain their robustness by reducing the influence of outliers significanly, although never ignoring it. Therefore, if the proportion of outliers increases, most of the `1-norm-based methods may begin to be affected by the outliers. In such a case, other types of robust measures such as Tukey’s Biweight (Bisquare weight) norm, which excludes outliers in computing the misfit measure, could perform better. This paper describes the application of the Biweight norm using the IRLS (iteratively reweighted least squares) method as a robust inversion and shows its possible improvement in robustness when dealing with data having complex outliers.
Soybean carbohydrate as fermentation feedstock for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals

Abstract Being one of the major oilseed crops throughout America and Asia, soybean production has increased rapidly due to the rising demand for oil and protein. Carbohydrates are also major components in soybean. During the soybean processing for producing oil and protein products, large amounts of carbohydrate-rich byproducts or waste are generated. Soy protein products such as soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and soybean milk also contain carbohydrates that have anti-nutritional concerns and decrease the value of these products. Removing these carbohydrates from soy protein products and finding valuable uses for these carbohydrates and other carbohydrate-rich waste/byproducts are highly desirable. Here, the various carbohydrate-rich waste byproducts generated from soybean processing and their compositions are described. Recent developments on their use as fermentation feedstocks for production of biofuels, enzymes and a variety of specialty chemicals are then reviewed and summarized. This review can facilitate knowledge and technology integration for development of a soy-based biorefinery platform.
The Retina and Other Light-sensitive Ocular Clocks

Ocular clocks, first identified in the retina, are also found in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), cornea, and ciliary body. The retina is a complex tissue of many cell types and considerable effort has gone into determining which cell types exhibit clock properties. Current data suggest that photoreceptors as well as inner retinal neurons exhibit clock properties with photoreceptors dominating in nonmammalian vertebrates and inner retinal neurons dominating in mice. However, these differences may in part reflect the choice of circadian output, and it is likely that clock properties are widely dispersed among many retinal cell types. The phase of the retinal clock can be set directly by light. In nonmammalian vertebrates, direct light sensitivity is commonplace among body clocks, but in mice only the retina and cornea retain direct light-dependent phase regulation. This distinguishes the retina and possibly other ocular clocks from peripheral oscillators whose phase depends on the pace-making properties of the hypothalamic central brain clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). However, in mice, retinal circadian oscillations dampen quickly in isolation due to weak coupling of its individual cell-autonomous oscillators, and there is no evidence that retinal clocks are directly controlled through input from other oscillators. Retinal circadian regulation in both mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates uses melatonin and dopamine as dark- and light-adaptive neuromodulators, respectively, and light can regulate circadian phase indirectly through dopamine signaling. The melatonin/dopamine system appears to have evolved among nonmammalian vertebrates and retained with modification in mammals. Circadian clocks in the eye are critical for optimum visual function where they play a role fine tuning visual sensitivity, and their disruption can affect diseases such as glaucoma or retinal degeneration syndromes.
On the Construction of "Cooperative and Interactive" Instructional Model and the Qualities of Teachers

This paper introduces the theoretical foundation of "Cooperative and Interactive" Instructional Model——Social Constructivism,and how to construct this model,and analyzes the necessary qualities of teachers required by "Cooperative and Interactive" Instructional Model.
Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in Detecting Defect of Tunnel Lining

Research purposes: Detecting the defect of tunnel lining is one important works in the detection of the railway tunnel.The ground penetrating radar has a significant effect and a wide applicable range in detecting the defect of the tunnel lining.The analysis and summary on the wave characteristics of the ground penetrating radar is crucial to detection of the defect of tunnel lining. Research conclusions:It can be seen from the study that the ground penetrating radar wave reflected by the rock around tunnel lining has a larger amplitude and stronger signal disorderly than the wave reflected by tunnel lining.The waveform reflected by the steel structure in tunnel lining looks like hyperbolic,but the amplitude of the hyperbolic of the reinforced bar is relatively narrow,and the hyperbolic of the of the steel arch frame extends much vertically with small lateral extension.The waveform reflected by the lining cave or surrounding rock cave has characteristics of the confused phase axis of the reflected wave with repeated and stronger reflections and low frequency.
DUI recidivism by intervention adherence: a multiple risk factor approach

ABSTRACTBackground: Multi-component impaired driving interventions can reduce driving under the influence (DUI) recidivism rates; however, outcomes are better for those who complete the interventions and are adherent with program expectations. Research is needed to examine the differences between DUI offenders who are adherent vs. non-adherent to intervention efforts. Objective: The current study utilized a multi-risk factor model to predict recidivism among first-time DUI offenders enrolled in an intervention program. Differences between offenders who were adherent (including program completion) vs. non-adherent with the intervention were examined. Method: Using data from the Mississippi Alcohol Safety Education Program (MASEP) and state administrative records, the current study examined both recidivism rates and rates of intervention completion for all individuals enrolled in the program. The sample was predominantly White (58.8%) and male (80.2%). Results: Individuals who were adherent with the interve...
Hereditary chronic pancreatitis: Implications for surgical treatment and follow-up

Hereditary pancreatitis is an uncommon cause of chronic pancreatitis in Western society. It should be suspected when chronic pancreatitis presents in young adults. The diagnosis is made when chronic pancreatitis is present in several members of the same family who are determined not to have other risk factors for chronic pancreatitis. Molecular research focusing on mutations in the trypsinogen gene has uncovered the genetic defects associated with hereditary pancreatitis, and this knowledge has suggested the possible pathophysiologic mechanism of this disease. Because patients with hereditary pancreatitis develop their disease early in life they are very likely to require treatment for complications. As in patients with chronic pancreatitis of other etiologies those with hereditary pancreatitis should be treated medically for acute exacerbations. When complications occur or when the disease causes intractable pain surgery is recommended. Surgical therapy is tailored to the patient's pancreatic anatomy based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or CT scan. The two patients described in this report underwent successful longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow procedure) with good results. Finally it has been shown that patients with hereditary pancreatitis are at increased risk for developing pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although not widely used pancreatic cancer screening programs have been suggested for surveillance of these patients.
Optical lever displacement recording from nerve bundles

An optical lever was used to study physical displacement of lobster nerve bundles associated with electrical activation. The results show sub-nanometer displacement of the nerve bundles accompanying action potentials.
Harmonic performance requirements of an HVDC connection; network owner perspective

In the UK, National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) is required by its Transmission Licence to apply and comply with the Grid Code. The Grid Code requires that for Electromagnetic Compatibility Levels for harmonic voltage distortion, Engineering Recommendation G5/4-1 shall be applied. To ensure compliance with this requirement, development schemes relating to new connections need to be assessed for their expected impact on the harmonic distortion levels at the planning stage. This paper describes the methodology and application of a Stage 3 assessment as required by ER G5/4-1 to a high voltage direct current (HVDC) connection scheme to define its harmonic performance requirements. The final requirements as given to the connectee are also presented. (6 pages)
Dengue virus serotype 2 infection alters midgut and carcass gene expression in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

Background The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus is currently an important vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus, and its role in transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may increase in the future due to its ability to colonize temperate regions. In contrast to Aedes aegypti, the dominant vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus, genetic responses of Ae. albopictus upon infection with an arbovirus are not well characterized. Here we present a study of the changes in transcript expression in Ae. albopictus exposed to dengue virus serotype 2 via feeding on an artificial bloodmeal. Methodology/Principal findings We isolated midguts and midgut-free carcasses of Ae. albopictus fed on bloodmeals containing dengue virus as well as controls fed on virus-free control meals at day 1 and day 5 post-feeding. We confirmed infection of midguts from mosquitoes sampled on day 5 post-feeding via RT-PCR. RNAseq analysis revealed dynamic modulation of the expression of several putative immunity and dengue virus-responsive genes, some of whose expression was verified by qRT-PCR. For example, a serine protease gene was up-regulated in the midgut at 1 day post infection, which may potentially enhance mosquito susceptibility to dengue infection, while 14 leucine-rich repeat genes, previously shown to be involved in mosquito antiviral defenses, were down-regulated in the carcass at 5 days post infection. The number of significantly modulated genes decreased over time in midguts and increased in carcasses. Conclusion/Significance Dengue virus exposure results in the modulation of genes in a time- and site-specific manner. Previous literature on the interaction between mosquitoes and mosquito-borne pathogens suggests that most of the changes that occurred in Ae. albopictus exposed to DENV would favor virus infection. Many genes identified in this study warrant further characterization to understand their role in viral manipulation of and antiviral response of Ae. albopictus.
Calcium and the Electrocardiogram: II. The electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperparathyroidism and of marked hypercalcemia from various other etiologies

Abstract The electrocardiograms of twelve patients with hyperparathyroidism and twenty-three patients with marked hypercalcemia from various other etiologies have been studied. In nine patients with hyperparathyroidism repeat electrocardiograms were available for comparison following restoration of the normal serum calcium level. In all patients shortening of the Q-oTc duration was inversely proportional to the serum calcium level. The Q-Tc interval was inversely proportional to the serum calcium level only up to levels of 16 mg. per 100 ml. At levels greater than this, prolongation of the T waves was observed and the Q-T duration, therefore, became disproportionately long. The Q-oTc duration was, however, an accurate electrocardiographic guide to levels of serum calcium up to 20 mg. per 100 ml. A tendency toward prolongation of the P-R interval was often observed. Severe elevation of the serum calcium apparently has no effect upon either the polarity of the T waves, the cardiac rhythm, the P wave, the QRS or the Q-U intervals.
On the Geometry of Perfect Recall

This paper investigates the relationship between the existence of equilibria in behavioral strategies, perfect recall, and notions of convexity in extensive form games. The central result is that players possess perfect recall if and only if their sets of behavioral strategies are behavioral convex, a novel generalized convexity condition. This result implies that perfect recall is the weakest restriction on players’ information partitions under which standard fixed point arguments ensure the existence of equilibria in behavioral strategies in finite games. The equivalence between convexity and perfect recall motivates the adoption of mixed behavioral strategies in games with imperfect recall. By randomizing ex-ante over behavioral strategies, players can generate distributions over outcomes and equilibria that cannot be achieved using mixed or behavioral strategies alone. Since equilibria in mixed behavioral strategies exist in any finite extensive form game, it follows that they are the most natural class of strategies for general extensive form games.
Radiology's Role and Common Injuries in Mass Casualty Blast Incidents

Abstract The central role of radiology in the decision-making process for managing blast injury victims ensures a large percent of mass casualty patients will require radiology services during their initial assessment. The potential for movement of significant number of seriously injured patients through radiology requires familiarity with the mechanisms of blast injury, potential red flags for patients who should proceed to definitive care rather than additional studies, and early signs of deterioration to watch for while in the radiology department.
Mammalian Ecology and Epidemiology of Zoonoses Various aspects of the ecology of mammals predispose their involvement in disease cycles

Insufficient use has been made of ecological data concerning potential hosts in studies to determine the life cycles of zoonotic parasites and pathogens. Factors such as the geographical distribution of hosts, the altitudes at which they live, their affinities for specific habitats, their vertical distribution within the habitat, and the periodicity of their activities have bearing on the hosts' predisposition to involvement in disease cycles. Diets and feeding habits may determine the likelihood of acquiring infection. Reproductive characteristics determine whether a species is suitable as a reservoir or as an amplifying host. Behavioral factors, such as selection of a particular kind of nest site, may also predispose the involvement of the host with parasites and pathogens. Behavior patterns may determine the maximum population densities of hosts. Estimates of population sizes, of relative abundances of species, and of the involvement of species in disease cycles may be strongly influenced by the collecting and sampling methods that are used and also by the behavioral response of the mammals toward collecting devices, such as traps.
ON THE USE OF ADAPTIVE GRIDS IN NUMERICALLY CALCULATING ADIABATIC FLAME SPEEDS

We investigate the effects of using adaptive and equi-spaced grids in an adiabatic flame speed calculation.
Approximate Dating Of Tephra

Tephra studies would benefit greatly from the development of simple, inexpensive, approximate-dating methods that would allow us to estimate the age of a tephra sample in the field office. Colleagues outside the discipline, whose main interest in tephra layers lie in the dates they represent, would benefit also. Two methods that look promising are tephra-hydration dating, and etching of heavy mineral phenocrysts. Basic research into the weathering of tephra will be needed before either method can be used with confidence, but the potential is there. The paper discusses these methods, the problems associated with them, the uses to which they have been put, and the data that have been collected.
The effects of retrieval practice and prior topic knowledge on test performance and confidence judgments

Abstract We investigated whether retrieval practice would interact with prior topic knowledge to influence chapter exam performances and confidence judgments of 41 undergraduates enrolled in an educational psychology class. As hypothesized, retrieval practice eliminated differences in exam performance as a function of prior topic knowledge. For practice-tested items, criterion test performances were comparable for high- and low-knowledge topics. By contrast, for non-tested items, students performed better on chapter content for which they possessed high prior topic knowledge. Importantly, this occurred when level of prior knowledge was operationalized based on the group means on topic pretests, and when labeling topics as high or low prior knowledge for each student based on their individual scores. Students possessed better monitoring accuracy when rating exam items that were practice-tested compared to items that were not; this difference was particularly pronounced for topics for which the group possessed high prior topic knowledge. Retrieval practice reduced overconfidence overall and especially in cases where students possessed high prior topic knowledge. Findings indicate that although retrieval practice benefits all students regardless of their prior topic knowledge, its benefits were greatest when studying unfamiliar content (i.e., low prior topic knowledge) and for increasing accuracy of confidence judgments when prior topic knowledge is high. Open-ended comments indicated that students perceived retrieval practice as helpful for retaining and retrieving information over time, for monitoring their comprehension, and for cueing important information for subsequent restudy.
A Knowledge Framework for the Philosophical Underpinnings of Research: Implications for Music Therapy

Current music therapy studies suggest great diversity and complexity in research approaches. Authors note the importance of increased clarity in many facets of research reporting. Some authors have also encouraged increased understanding and reporting of the philosophical underpinnings of knowledge generation in research. However, like other social science fields, we appear to have struggled to provide clear frameworks that can address such diverse and complex approaches to research. In this article, I offer one way to resolve such struggles by presenting a re-envisioned version of Michael Crotty's knowledge framework. I seek to meet this purpose through the following objectives: (a) discuss philosophy and its role in research; (b) detail challenges related to understanding and reporting epistemological underpinnings; and (c) present a modified version of Crotty's knowledge framework to promote understanding and reporting, including visuals, brief examples, and resources. I also re-envision the framework to address potential challenges to typologies and to maintain the spirit of Michael Crotty's work. Modifications promote the dynamic and interactive relationship between and within epistemological positions, theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and methods, while also integrating surrounding factors: research question, researcher, context, and participant. I dialogue with related literature on knowledge generation, show how some recent music therapy research engages with the knowledge framework, discuss methodologies and approaches that may not align with the knowledge framework, offer resources for further reference and learning, and describe implications for researchers, research consumers, and the ongoing body of knowledge.
Effort Thrombosis Provoked by Saxophone Performance.

Abstract Background Internal jugular venous thrombosis (IJVT) is an uncommon condition rarely diagnosed in the outpatient setting. IJVT carries significant morbidity and mortality and must be considered in the differential diagnosis for new-onset neck pain and swelling, especially in the emergency setting. Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS), or primary thrombosis secondary to effort, is an uncommon, likely under-recognized etiology of thrombosis. We report a case of PSS extending from the right subclavian vein into the right internal jugular vein, suspected based upon patient history and physical examination and confirmed by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). We then review the presentation, causes, and diagnostic standards for PSS. Case Report We present a case of a 79-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department with acute right-sided neck pain 1 day after playing the saxophone for 4 h the prior evening. POCUS confirmed Paget-Schroetter syndrome, or primary effort thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of PSS resulting from venous stasis with prolonged Valsalva maneuver and vascular trauma with activity of playing the saxophone. The significance of this case is the unusual etiology of a rare presentation and the ability to diagnose this condition quickly and accurately with POCUS.
An Introduction to Clinical Pharmaceutics

By Alexander T. Florence, Published by Pharmaceutical Press, 1 Lambeth High Street, London, UK, 2010. 179 p. Price $39.99. This book provides insight into the role of pharmaceutics in determining the therapeutic outcomes of a drug product. The author tries to establish how an understanding of the
Good markets (really do) make good neighbors

This article gives a (very) brief exposition of what market design is, along with four examples of market design in action. Loosely themed after Robert Frost's poem "Mending Wall," the examples demonstrate ways in which market design can break barriers---physical, political, and/or metaphorical. Each example also illustrates one of four broader classes of ways that market design can create positive change: marketplace mechanism (re-)design, information provision, (re-)shaping the extensive margin, and market(place) creation.
Acute abducens nerve palsy in a patient with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

We present a case of an abducens nerve palsy in a previously healthy young man in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging obtained 5 weeks after the onset of diplopia demonstrated an atrophic left lateral rectus muscle, which was hyperintense on T2 weighting, consistent with denervation. Although the mechanism of the nerve palsy remains unclear, it is suspected to be related to his viral illness, because the patient had no preexisting vascular risk factors or evidence of other neurologic disease on neuroimaging. Cranial nerve palsies may represent part of the neurologic spectrum of COVID-19.
The Potential of Circular RNAs as Cancer Biomarkers.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed RNA structure that has several proposed functions related to cancer development. Recently, cancer-specific and tissue-specific circRNAs have been identified by high-throughput sequencing and are curated in publicly available databases. CircRNAs have features that are ideal properties of biomarkers, including conservation, abundance, and stability in plasma, saliva, and urine. Many circRNAs with predictive and prognostic significance in cancer have been described, and functional mechanisms for some circRNAs have been suggested. CircRNA also has great potential as a noninvasive biomarker for early cancer detection, although further investigation is necessary before clinical application is feasible. See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “NCI Early Detection Research Network: Making Cancer Detection Possible.”
On the behavior of composite shells under transverse impact and quasi-static loading

The impact and quasi-static response of various composite shell structures to transverse loading was studied experimentally. In particular, the effect of varying structural parameters (radius, span, and thickness) on the loading response, including damage resistance, is explored. The AS4/3501-6 graphite/epoxy composite structures considered have a [±45 n /0 n 1s layup configuration (n = 1, 2, 3) and include convex and concave shell sections, plates, and full cylinders. All structural parameters are found to affect the response, particularly characteristics of the instability associated with the convex shell behavior and the structural stiffness. Trends with regard to peak force and structural stiffness with the structural parameters are established and discussed. Specimen thickness is noted to have the greatest effect of all the parameters, but shell radius is clearly important due to the instability that it introduces. Damage resistance trends with structural parameters are established and linked to peak force. Although linked to peak force, these damage trends are also found to be dependent upon whether the peak force occurs before or after the shell instability. The results of this work establish the effects of structural parameters on the general response characteristics, including damage resistance, of composite shells under transverse loading with application to low-velocity impact. Thus, these results provide benchmark data for comparison with analytical and numerical, e.g., finite element, studies. Suggestions for areas of further work are provided.
Mobile Medical Apps for Pharmacy and Drug Reference

Libraries play a key role in providing drug information resources. While traditional databases and clinical search engines offer pharmacy-related tools for practitioners, more discipline-specific r...
Influence of Storage Period on the Geochemical Evolution of a Compressed Energy Storage System

Subsurface porous aquifers are being considered for use as reservoirs for compressed energy storage of renewable energy. In these systems, a gas is injected during times in which production exceeds demand and extracted for energy generation during periods of peak demand or scarcity in production. Current operational subsurface energy facilities use salt caverns for storage and air as the working gas. CO2 is potentially a more favorable choice of working gas where under storage conditions CO2 has high compressibility which can improve operational efficiency. However, the interaction of CO2 and brine at the boundary of the storage zone can produce a chemically active fluid which can result in mineral dissolution and precipitation reactions and alter the properties of the storage zone. This study seeks to understand the geochemical implications of utilization of CO2 as a working gas during injection, storage and extraction flow cycles. Here, reactive transport simulations are developed based on 7 hours of injection, 11 hours of withdrawal and 6 hours of reservoir closure, corresponding to the schedule of the Pittsfield field test, for 15 years of operational life span to assess the geochemical evolution of the reservoir. The evolution in the storage system is compared to a continuously cyclic system of 12 hours injection and extraction. The result of the study on operational schedule shows that mineral reactivity occurs at the inlet of the domain. Furthermore, the porosity of the inner domain is preserved during the cycling of CO2 acidified brine for both systems.
A systematic review of cognitive behavior therapy and dialectical behavior therapy for adolescent eating disorders.

Background Eating disorders have serious psychological and physical consequences. Current evidence-based treatments for adolescents with eating disorders have modest effects, underscoring the need to improve current treatment approaches. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) have been proposed as alternative treatment options, with burgeoning research in this area. This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current literature on the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and efficacy of CBT and DBT for adolescent eating disorders, and then proposes areas of future research. Methods PsycINFO and PubMed were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify studies examining the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and/or efficacy of CBT or DBT for adolescent eating disorders. Results Eligible studies (N = 50; CBT: n = 40, DBT: n = 10) indicated that both treatments are reasonably feasible, acceptable, and possibly effective for adolescent eating disorders across diagnoses and levels of care, though efficacy trials are lacking. Conclusions CBT and DBT demonstrate promise as alternatives to family-based approaches for adolescent eating disorders. Adequately powered trials to establish the effectiveness and efficacy of CBT and DBT are needed, particularly ones that compare these treatments against other leading approaches. Despite high rates of relapse and likelihood for severe and enduring illness, there is a dearth of evidence-based treatment options for adolescents with eating disorders. Potentially viable but less well-studied treatments for adolescents with eating disorders include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). This systematic review of CBT and DBT for adolescent eating disorders focuses on feasibility (i.e., how easy it was to implement the treatment), acceptability (i.e., how well the intervention was received by patients and therapists), effectiveness (i.e., how well the intervention performed under routine, real-world circumstances), and efficacy (i.e., how well the intervention performed in highly-controlled research settings). This review concludes that research supports the feasibility and acceptability of these approaches, as well as preliminary evidence of their effectiveness. However, the field is lacking studies that systematically compare CBT and DBT to other evidence-based approaches. Recommendations to advance research on CBT and DBT for adolescent eating disorders are provided, including a call for efficacy studies that clarify their performance compared to other leading approaches.
Comparing self-reported vs. parent/caregiver reported levels of social participation for young adults with intellectual disabilities: A pilot study.

Background:This study focused on the level of satisfaction of social participation reported by young adults with intellectual disabilities, and the comparison of these levels to those reported by t...
Sub-picosecond Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Some Biological Systems

We have studied the photochemical and photophysical events that occur upon excitation of two important biological molecules, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) and two differently ligated hemoglobin (Hb) molecules (HbCO and HbO2) using a sub-picosecond resonance Raman microbeam and flow technique [1]. The laser is a Spectra Physics YAG laser which is compressed and frequency-doubled, and which synchronously pumps a cavity-dumped dye laser. The excitation wavelengths used were 587 nm for bR and 578 nm for Hb. In this one-color technique, the transients observed are those appearing within the laser pulse of 700–800 fs.
Query Clustering in the Web Context

Query clustering is a class of techniques aiming at grouping users’ semantically related, not syntactically related, queries in a query repository, which were accumulated with the interactions between users and the system. While there are numerous previous works on document clustering, query clustering is a relatively new topic. The driving force of the development of query clustering techniques comes recently from the requirements of modern web searching Below we briefly analyze several motivations and applications of query clustering — FAQ detecting, index-term selection and query reformulation.
Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of the lumbosacral segment with special reference to the biomechanics

The anatomy of the lumbosacral spine and the design of the stabilizing system of the spine is a highly efficient system. Biomechanical viewpoint provides an insight into its function, dysfunction and restabilization of the spine, after an injury, disease or degeneration.
The treatment of common anemias in infancy and childhood with a cobalt-iron mixture

Summary Problems concerned with iron therapy make it somewhat less than satisfactory treatment in children, even in simple iron deficiency anemia. Iron, of course, is of little or no value in anemia associated with infection or chronic disease. Cobalt possesses the property of causing direct stimulation of hemopoiesis. This appears to be of clinical value in improving the response to iron in iron-deficiency anemia. The same property makes it possible to carry on aggressive treatment of those anemias due essentially to the hemopoietic depression which accompanies certain common diseases of children. In a general way, children feel better and gain weight during cobalt-iron medication, and such direct treatment of these anemias is recommended both in iron-deficiency and as an adjunct to specific therapy. Anemia associated with geophagia,“nutritional” anemia, anemia associated with infection, and the anemia associated with prematurity and multiple births responded, in our patients, to cobalt-iron therapy. Cobalt-iron therapy is, in our opinion,a useful, safe therapeutic agent for routine use in the treatment of most of the common anemias of infancy and childhood.
Assaying actin-binding activity of mitochondria in yeast.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a sedimentation assay exploring the interaction between yeast mitochondria and the actin cytoskeleton. Mitochondrial motility, distribution, and transfer from the mother cell to the bud in vegetatively growing yeast cells are essential processes of the cell cycle. Several observations support the idea that these processes are controlled by the actin cytoskeleton. The mitochondria–actin-binding assay is carried out by incubation of isolated mitochondria with purified F-actin. This assay is used to demonstrate the presence of actin-binding activity on the surface of mitochondria. In addition, comparing actin-binding activities of wild-type mitochondria with those of mutant mitochondria revealed some of the molecular participants in mitochondria–actin interactions. Moreover, mutations in the actin gene or in genes that destabilize actin cables result in reduction of mitochondrial motility or in the transfer of mitochondria between mother and daughter cells.
American Association for Applied Psychology (AAAP)

The American Association for Applied Psychology (AAAP) grew out of a group called the New York Association of Consulting Psychologists, whose president, David Mitchell (1884–1956), was perhaps the first clinical psychologist who earned his living in private practice. From 1937 to 1945 the AACP served as the main home for American applied psychologists. It provided the organizational structure adopted the American Psychological Association in 1945, including divisions in clinical, consulting, educational, industrial/organizational, and military psychology. Keywords: 1937–1945; educational psychology; psychopathology; Rogers, Carl; clinical psychology; consulting psychology; history; instrumentation and techniques; personnel selection; professional organizations
Noniterative grid generation using parabolic difference equations for fuselage-wing flow calculations

A fast method for generating three-dimensional grids for fuselage-wing transonic flow calculations using parabolic difference equations is described. No iterative scheme is used in the three-dimensional sense; grids are generated from one grid surface to the next starting from the fuselage surface. The computational procedure is similar to the iterative solution of the two-dimensional heat conduction equation. The proposed method is at least 10 times faster than the elliptic grid generation method and has much smaller memory requirements. Results are presented for a fuselage and wing of NACA-0012 section and thickness ratio of 10 percent. Although only H-grids are demonstrated, the present technique should be applicable to C-grids and O-grids in three dimensions.
High Altitude Interferometer Spectra of Mars

Spectra of Mars were presented which were taken as part of the LPL high altitude program [1] with the NASA CV990 jet. The spectra were taken at about 40 000′ (12 km) altitude. Two sets of five flights each were made around May 1, 1969 and June 1, 1969. In each case the first flight was a Moon comparison flight and the other four were Mars flights, with some Moon if the Moon could be observed.
Plasmon resonant enhancement of dye sensitized solar cells

We report an improvement in the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by exploiting the plasmonic resonance of Au nanoparticles. By comparing the performance of DSSCs with and without Au nanoparticles, we demonstrate a 2.4-fold enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency. Enhancement in the photocurrent extends over the wavelength range from 460 nm to 730 nm. The underlying mechanism of enhancement is investigated by comparing samples with different geometries, including nanoparticles deposited on top of and embedded in the TiO2 electrode, as well as samples with the light absorbing dye molecule deposited on top of and underneath the Au nanoparticles. The mechanism of enhancement is attributed to the local electromagnetic response of the plasmonic nanoparticles, which couples light very effectively from the far field to the near field at the absorbing dye molecule monolayer, thereby increasing the local electron–hole pair (or exciton) generation rate significantly. The UV-vis absorption spectra and photocurrent spectra provide further information regarding the energy transfer between the plasmonic nanoparticles and the light absorbing dye molecules. Based on scanning electron microscope images, we perform electromagnetic simulations of these different Au nanoparticle/dye/TiO2 configurations, which corroborate the enhancement observed experimentally.