cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional response of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in field cages

Abstract Cylindrical field cages enclosing a single cotton plant were used to study the functional response of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) to its host, the cotton boll weevil. Different densities of infested cotton squares (from 2 to 22 per plant) were exposed to an individual female parasitoid inside every cage. The data were fitted to a model modified from Holling's disk equation. The instantaneous searching rate ( a ′) in a 24-h period was 0.743. The handling time ( T h ) was 0.013 ( R 2 = 0.5631; F = 56.03; df = 2, 17; P T h = 0.0 and a ′ = 0.634 ( R 2 = 0.5656; F = 56.66; df = 2, 17; P a ′ = 0.1818, 0.9527, 0.9013, 0.9923, 0.9084, 0.6006, and 0.2803 and T h = 0.3314, 0.0009, 0.0066, 0.0082, 0.0471, 0.3692, and 0.0746 at age groups 1 through 7, respectively, in a period of 24 h. Multiple regression analysis of the same data showed significant effects of age, mean daily temperature, mean relative humidity, uninfested squares per plant, and flowers per plant on rates of parasitism. Interactions and quadratic effects were observed between the variables. The effect of environmental factors on rates of parasitism are discussed.
A COMPARISON OF THE FINITE-DIFFERENCE AND THE FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS FOR SIMULATING UNSTABLE DISPLACEMENTS

Abstract The finite-difference and the finite-element methods are the two most commonly used numerical methods in reservoir simulation. A comparative study of the two methods in compositional and noncompositional simulations is presented. The comparisons are based on grid orientation effect and computational efficiency. In the grid orientation study, the finite-element model with Gaussian quadrature showed less grid orientation than either the finite-difference model or the finite-element model with Lobatto quadrature. In heterogeneous media, the finite-element model with Gaussian quadrature suffered from severe numerical oscillations inspite of upstream weighting. The finite-element model with Lobatto quadrature was stable in heterogeneous media; however, the results were essentially identical to those obtained by the finite-difference method. In simulating two-phase noncompositional displacements, the finite-element models took twice as much computing time as the finite-difference model due to the lengthy process of formulating and assembling the transmissibility matrices. In compositional systems, however, the finite-element method took only 50% more time than the finite-difference method because the bulk of the computational effort was concentrated in the phase behavior calculations rather than in the formulation of the system matrices.
Maxwell and van der Waals Revisited

We utilize a modern continuum mechanics framework to reconsider an old problem for fluid interfaces, also addressed by Maxwell and van der Waals. We prove that their results need not be valid necessarily. This conclusion is arrived at as a consequence of questioning the existence of thermodynamic potentials and the validity of usual thermodynamic ,relations within unstable (spinodal) regions. One central result is that Maxwell's equal area rule needs not be valid and certain statistical models are shown to be internally inconsistent. Precise conditions for the validity of Maxwell's rule and the variational theory of van der Waals are established in terms of the coefficients defining the interfacial stress. Finally, a generalized continuum thermodynamics framework is developed which provides an alternative derivation of van der Waals variational theory and properly extends it to dynamic situations. However, other possibilities exist which allow a thermodynamics of fluid interfaces not necessarily restricted by the conditions of Maxwell and van der Waals. The results of the paper could be viewed as a convincing argument to utilize this framework (with the necessary modifications) to interpret more complex phenomena of phase transformations.
Effects of CW Interference on Narrow-Band Second-Order Phase-Lock Loops

This paper describes an experimental study of the effect of continuous wave (CW) interference and white noise on a second-order phase-lock loop. The reciprocal of the loop mean-square phase error is used as an index of performance, and the effect of interference levels that do not cause cycle skipping or loss of lock is described in terms of this index. Loop thresholds are determined by measurement of cycle-skipping rates. Stationary or slowly-sweeping CW interference caused a degradation in loop threshold of roughly 3 dB for every 6 dB of interference power above the noise power level. The effective loop signal-to-noise ratio was decreased approximately 1 dB at interference-to-noise power ratios of -3 dB. Interference levels equal to the signal level consistently caused loss of lock, regardless of the loop signal-to-noise ratio.
Chlorate-resistant rose cells: influx, efflux and reduction of [36Cl]-chlorate

Clones of Rosa damascena Mill. cv. Gloire de Guillan, selected for growth in solid medium containing 56 mM NaClO3, were studied to determine the reason for their resistance to this toxic salt. The cells grew on medium containing nitrate as the only nitrogen source, and they synthesized nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2) in the presence of nitrate. The cells were resistant in the presence of nitrate. However, their resistance was greatly increased by the presence of glutamate in the medium. The cells took up [36Cl]-ClO3- and reduced it to ClO2−, but the fraction of ClO3− that they reduced under our experimental conditions was less than that reduced by wild type. The slower production of ClO2− apparently accounted for the resistance of the cells to ClO3−. We suggest several possible reasons for the low rate of reduction of ClO3−.
Zero testing of algebraic functions

Abstract It is well known that we can efficiently test whether a polynomial is identically zero or not by examining the values of the polynomial at well-chosen points. Both deterministic and efficient probabilistic algorithms have been devised for this purpose. It is not so well recognized that algebraic functions can be similarly tested for zeroness. The need for zero testing black boxes representing algebraic functions has recently arisen in the area of self-testing/self-correcting programs. Given a black box B α that represents an algebraic function α and a few additional parameters about α, we show how to test if α is equal to the zero function.
Optical characterization of gold and Er3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles for biosensor applications

Highly luminescent nanoparticles, such as, trivalent erbium-doped yttrium-oxide, Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 , are expected to have a wide range of applications, including imaging, range finding, flash lidar, and other remote-sensing possibilities as well as medical applications. These particles are synthesized by the precipitation from a homogeneous solution of the metal ions and urea at elevated temperatures. The morphology of the calcinated materials, revealed through SEM, shows uniformly spherical aggregates 200 nm or less depending on the ratio of the metal ions in the initial solution. Room temperature optical absorption and emission spectra show that the trivalent erbium ions in Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 nanocrystals possess sharp absorption lines and strong emission in near infrared region that are characteristic of Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 grown as large single crystals. Low temperature (8 K) spectra obtained from these particles were analyzed in detail for the crystal-field splitting of the 2S+1 L J multiplet manifolds of Er 3+ (4f 11 ) including the ground-state manifold 4 I 15/2 , and excited manifolds 4 I 9/2 , 4 F 9/2 , 4 S 3/2 , 2 H 11/2 , 4 F 7/2 , 4 F 5/2 , and 4 F 3/2 . Fluorescence lifetimes and results from an analysis of the intensities of manifold-to-manifold transitions are also reported. Similarity of the nanocrystalline and large single crystal Er 3+ :Y 2 O 3 , we propose that the simple, inexpensive method described in this study will lead to further investigation of these nanocrystals for their optical properties, especially in the near infrared region of the spectrum.
A survey of medicinal plants of Curaçao

Autopsy records (1936–66) show esophageal cancer to be the most common tumor for both men and women among the locally-born negroid population of Curacao. Crude incidence rate of 20.9 per 100,000, virtually constant over 30 years, is exceeded only by that of certain parts of Russia and the Transkei region of South Africa. The island of Aruba (42 miles distant) has a very low incidence. Drought conditions and food and water supply are virtually identical in both islands, also reverse smoking by women only. But there are striking contrasts in the use of plants for remedies. In Curacao, more than 100 species of local plants are employed for self-medication and for “tea.” Interrogation of living esophageal cancer victims and survivors of deceased has revealed consistent use of these plants. Species cited most frequently in interviews are being collected, lyophilized, and supplied to the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, for animal-testing.
Processing and fracture behavior of a polyethylene-based thermoplastic adhesive and a glass-fiber filled epoxy adhesive

The processing and fracture performance of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based thermoplastic adhesive and an epoxy-based thermosetting adhesive with a glass fiber additive were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize the processing parameters. Double cantilever beam (DCB) fracture testing and butt-joint tensile testing were used to characterize the adhesive joint fracture toughness and strength. Although the thermoplastic adhesive had low strength, it exhibited high DCB fracture toughness because of a large plastic deformation zone in the fracture process. The fiber additive in the thermosetting adhesive stabilized the DCB fracture. Loading speed, adhesive thickness, pre-crack length, and curing temperature were all considered in the study.
A concept for storing utility-scale electrical energy in the form of latent heat

Abstract A concept is introduced here for storing utility-scale electrical energy in the form of latent heat. The storage process utilizes a boiling refrigerant at sub-ambient temperatures to freeze a latent heat storage material using electrically driven compressors. Recovery of the latent heat for electrical generation then uses vapor expansion and condensation which essentially reverses the storage process. Sensible heat storage is incorporated into the cycle to efficiently implement the concept. Both energy storage and generation are carried out under steady flow closed-loop conditions where the T-s diagram is similar to a Rankine cycle. From a thermodynamic perspective, work is supplied to the system while heat is transferred to the surroundings from the latent heat store. The reverse process generates work while using heat supplied by the surroundings. An analysis with expander/compressor isentropic efficiencies and small temperature differentials for the heat transfer processes can give projected round trip efficiencies in the 50–60% range using a common refrigerant. One of the attractive features of this approach is the ability to use different ambient temperatures for storage and generation. Exploiting diurnal temperature differences or sources of low grade heat (50–90 °C) significantly increases the apparent round trip storage efficiency.
Robust low-power reconfigurable computing with a variation-aware preferential design approach

Reconfigurable hardware platforms, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), are being increasingly used in diverse embedded applications. These platforms often use high-density memory array, which suffer from variation-induced parametric failures. Such failures lead to incorrect operation and hence, loss in output quality for many signal processing applications. In this paper, we propose a preferential design approach at both application mapping and circuit level, which can significantly improve output quality as well as energy efficiency for signal processing applications under large parameter variations. The proposed mapping process considers the reliability map of a memory array and maps the important operations with respect to output quality to more reliable memory blocks under performance constraint At circuit level, we exploit the read-dominant memory access pattern in reconfigurable platforms to skew the memory cells for better read stability leading to improved quality. Such an architecture/circuit co-design approach can also tolerate increased failure rate at low operating voltage, thus facilitating low-power operation.
Molecular markers in CNS stem cell research: hitting a moving target.

The study of neural stem cell biology is hindered by the absence of well-defined markers for neural stem cells and neuronal progenitors. Without the ability to identify the relevant cell types, the analysis of how the diverse cell populations of the central nervous system are generated becomes virtually impossible.
A continuous-flow mini-diluter system for toxicity testing

Abstract A space saving portable mini-diluter exposure system for testing early life stages of fish and invertebrates has been developed and successfully used both in the laboratory and on-site with single chemicals and with complex effluents. This gravity-operated system can also be installed in a compact, vented enclosure to permit safe testing of hazardous volatile chemicals. The mini-diluter test system has several additional advantages over other widely used dosing systems in that it: (1) uses small volumes of complex effluents and/or single chemicals which reduces the problem of removing hazardous material from the test system's waste water; (2) works well with waste containing suspended solids; and (3) can maintain normal operation for up to 10 h if the effluent headbox supply pump fails and up to 4 h if the diluent water headbox supply pump fails.
Screening for breast cancer in a high-risk series

A unique cohort of women at increased risk of breast cancer because of prior X-ray treatment of acute mastitis and their selected high-risk siblings were offered periodic breast cancer screening including physical examination of the breasts, mammography, and thermography. Twelve breast cancers were detected when fewer than four would have been expected based on age-specific breast cancer detection rates from the National Cancer Institute/American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Demonstration Detection Projects. Mammography was positive in all cases but physical examination was positive in only three cases. Thermography was an unreliable indicator of disease. Given the concern over radiation-induced risk, use of low-dose technique and of criteria for participation that select women at high risk of breast cancer will maximize the benefit/risk ratio for mammography screening.
Forms, nature, and the good in the Philebus*

terms might name the same abstract entity. Why could not a sophisticated thinker avail himself of this strategy and claim that 'the good' and 'the Pleasant' are names of the same Form? Thus Plato's attack can be no longer centered around the contention that there are Forms; he has to explore the internal conceptual anatomy of generic Forms like the Good, and the Pleasant, and show the different ways in which their varieties are related to each other. In short, the conceptual nature of pleasure needs to be examined (12c4-5) in order for us to gain an adequate conception of the varieties of pleasure. The same goes for knowledge. These reflexions present us with a "one over many" configuration, familiar to us from other dialogues. This is not, however, the contrast between one Form and many particulars that partake of it. What is at issue is not the Form of pleasure and the many actual pleasurable experiences that people had. Rather, the situation is comparable to the early part of the Meno. There (e.g. 71e-72c) Socrates' demand for an explication of excellence is met by Meno not with an illustration of a particular case (Achilles?) but with a specification of different types, or kinds, of excellence. Socrates' complaint that Meno offers many in place of one has to be interpreted in this context as the charge that in place of the specification of one generic
Investigating the drivers of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Egypt

Background: Egypt has by far the highest national-level hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in the world, with more than 14% of the general population infected with the virus. The drivers of such epidemic are still not completely identified, with previous parenteral antischistosomal therapy (PAT) campaigns conducted throughout Egypt proposed as the major contributor of the high HCV prevalence. In an effort to clarify specific drivers of the HCV epidemic in Egypt, and to identify priority populations for HCV prevention interventions, we conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis and mapping of the spatial distribution of HCV infection across Egypt. Methods: We conducted statistical analysis of the world's largest cross-sectional study of HCV conducted by the Demographic and Health Survey in Egypt (EDHS) in 2008 including demographic, health, and HCV biomarker information for a sample of over 11,000 individuals aged 15-49 years. We also identified and compared spatial clusters with high numbers of HCV in...
Improving course evaluations to improve instruction and complex learning in higher education

Recent research has touted the benefits of learner-centered instruction, problem-based learning, and a focus on complex learning. Instructors often struggle to put these goals into practice as well as to measure the effectiveness of these new teaching strategies in terms of mastery of course objectives. Enter the course evaluation, often a standardized tool that yields little practical information for an instructor, but is nonetheless utilized in making high-level career decisions, such as tenure and monetary awards to faculty. The present researchers have developed a new instrument to measure teaching and learning quality (TALQ). In the current study of 464 students in 12 courses, if students agreed that their instructors used First Principles of Instruction and also agreed that they experienced academic learning time (ALT), then students were about 5 times more likely to achieve high levels of mastery of course objectives and 26 times less likely to achieve low levels of mastery, according to independent instructor assessments. TALQ can measure improvements in use of First Principles in teaching and course design. The feedback from this instrument can assist teachers who wish to implement the recommendation made by Kuh et al. (2007) that universities and colleges should focus their assessment efforts on factors that influence student success.
Flood Research in Bangladesh in Retrospect and Prospect: a Review

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present main findings of flood research conducted so far in Bangladesh. The paper emphasizes unconventional findings and points out how some of these findings differ from the popular perceptions regarding some important aspects of flooding. The available studies clearly suggests that research into the impact of flooding on human settlement and other relevant aspects is much less developed in Bangladesh than the body of literature focusing on human adjustment to flood hazard. The paper identifies flood research gaps in the context of Bangladesh and suggests a new arena for future research.
Diffusion of technology adoption in Cambodia: The test of a theory

This study tested the diffusion of innovations theory to determine if it was applicable in describing technology adoption patterns of teacher trainers in Cambodia. Tested were eight perceived characteristics of innovation and four demographic variables. MANOVA results indicated that different types of adopters had significant differences in eight perceptual characteristics and four demographic variables. ANOVA results indicated that seven of the eight characteristics significantly impacted adoption and no demographic variable had a significant influence on adoption rates. Findings for further theoretical development, ICT project planning, and suggestions for future research are included.
Capnometry and Air Insufflation for Assessing Initial Placement of Gastric Tubes

Background Nurses are often responsible for placement of large-bore gastric tubes. Tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious sequelae. The reliability of common bedside methods for differentiating between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable. Objective To compare the accuracy of capnometry (colorimetric indicator of end-tidal carbon dioxide) and air insufflation/auscultation with the accuracy of radiography in detecting the location of gastric tubes. Methods A prospective convenience sample of insertions of Salem sump gastric tubes was studied. Tubes were inserted by nurses according to the unit's standard procedure, and air insufflation/auscultation, capnometry, and radiography were used to detect the position of the tubes. Results obtained with each of the methods were compared. Results A total of 91 tube placements were studied in 69 patients. No radiographically documented instances of lung placement occurred. Capnometry incorrectly indicated 15 of 91 gastric placements (16%) as placements in the lung. Air insufflation/auscultation incorrectly indicated 5 of 91 gastric placements (5%) as placements in the lung. Conclusions Neither air insufflation nor capnometry is a fail-safe method for determining placement of gastric tubes. Radiography remains the preferred method.
Exact Computation of Coalescent Likelihood for Panmictic and Subdivided Populations under the Infinite Sites Model

Coalescent likelihood is the probability of observing the given population sequences under the coalescent model. Computation of coalescent likelihood under the infinite sites model is a classic problem in coalescent theory. Existing methods are based on either importance sampling or Markov chain Monte Carlo and are inexact. In this paper, we develop a simple method that can compute the exact coalescent likelihood for many data sets of moderate size, including real biological data whose likelihood was previously thought to be difficult to compute exactly. Our method works for both panmictic and subdivided populations. Simulations demonstrate that the practical range of exact coalescent likelihood computation for panmictic populations is significantly larger than what was previously believed. We investigate the application of our method in estimating mutation rates by maximum likelihood. A main application of the exact method is comparing the accuracy of approximate methods. To demonstrate the usefulness of the exact method, we evaluate the accuracy of program Genetree in computing the likelihood for subdivided populations.
Activity-Based Introduction to the Binary System: Nim Game Winning Strategy

The paper's aim is to demonstrate the utility of the well-known Nim game when it is used as a tool in teaching the binary system. A way to increase student comprehension, it also forms a basis for student projects and extracurricular activities on the topic. The paper offers descriptions of two versions of the game and the underlying mathematical theory, the winning algorithm, an elementary introduction to the binary system, structured proof of the winning strategy, and data structures and algorithm for computer implementation. All materials are offered in a form oriented towards presentation and discussion in the classroom.
Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Cefoxitin for Diabetic Foot Infections:

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind investigation was to compare two different parenteral antibiotics (ampicillin/sulbactam and cefoxitin) in conjunction with appropriate surgical procedures for treatment of patients with diabetic foot infec tions on a vascular surgery service. Thirty-six patients with diabetes mellitus who required hospitalization to treat foot infections were randomized into one of two treatment groups. There were 18 patients with similar baseline characteristics random ized to each treatment group. The Chi-square test was used for clinical and bacteriolog ical comparisons, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparing duration of hospi talization and clinical signs and symptoms, and Fisher's Exact Test (two-tailed) was used to compare treatment outcomes of the two groups. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in treatment outcome (cure + improved) between the ampicillin/sulbactam (15/17) and cefoxitin groups (16/17). Similar...
Underestimating Cardiac Toxicity in Cancer Trials: Lessons Learned?

Sunitinib (Sutent; Pfizer, New York, NY) represents one of the most successful cancer therapies, with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for three malignancies and ongoing trials in more than 30 tumor types. It also represents an instructive example revealing how adverse events can be vastly underestimated. The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the history of the underrecognition of the cardiac toxicity of sunitinib and to propose solutions to improve adverse event monitoring for future therapies.
Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating benign and malignant pediatric abdominal tumors

Background Solid malignant tumors are more highly cellular than benign lesions and hence have a restricted diffusion of water molecules.
Upper Mantle Structure under Oceans and Continents from Rayleigh Waves

Summary Theoretical seismograms of Rayleigh waves based on several models of mantle structure are compared with actual records for various paths. It is found that the model 8099 of Dorman, Ewing and Oliver explains seismograms for Pacific paths but does not agree with records from Indian-Atlantic ocean paths in the period range shorter than about 100s. The velocity of the Airy phase corresponding to the group velocity maximum is about o.Iokm/s lower for the Indian-Atlantic path than for the Pacific. This difference can be accounted for by reducing the shear velocity at the top of the mantle under the Indian and Atlantic oceans by about o-1-o~~ km/s. The difference between the Pacific mantle and the Continental mantle can be explained either by a reduction in shear velocity of the low-velocity layer under the Pacific ocean or by making the low-velocity zone shallower. I. Introduction Recently, a comparison of the upper mantle structure under oceans and continents was made by Dorman, Ewing & Oliver (1960) based upon the group velocity of mantle Rayleigh waves. The existence of Gutenberg's low-velocity layer under continents and oceans was confirmed. However, a significant difference in the mantle structure of the Pacific ocean and continents was found. These investigators proposed a model for the sub-Pacific mantle in which the top of the low-velocity layer is located at a shallower depth than in Lehmann's model for the mantle under continents. Since the shallower low-velocity layer may indicate shallower isotherms under the ocean and may consequently explain the unexpectedly large terrestrial heat flow through the ocean basin, it is important to study Rayleigh waves in more detail to compare the upper mantle structure under different oceans and continents. The upper mantle from the MohoroviEiC discontinuity to the bottom of the lowvelocity layer controls Rayleigh wave dispersion in the range of period from about 30 s to about zoos. Since there is a group velocity maximum in the dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves in the above period range (Ewing &Press 1956), the actual record
Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium components fabricated by a new powder injection molding technique

Abstract A powder injection molding (PIM) binder system has been developed for reactive metals such as titanium that employs an aromatic compound as the primary component to facilitate easy binder removal and mitigate problems with carbon contamination. In the study presented here, we examined the densification behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of titanium specimens formed by this process using naphthalene as the principle binder constituent. In general, it was found that tensile strengths could be achieved comparable to wrought titanium in the PIM-formed specimens, but that maximum elongation was less than expected. Chemical and microstructural analyses indicate that this process does not add oxygen to the material,suggesting that the use of higher purity powder and further process optimization should lead to significant improvements in ductility.
Relationship of Distress and Perceived Control to Coping With Perceived Racial Discrimination Among Black Youth.

This study examines the use of approach (e.g., seeking social support, problem solving) and avoidance (e.g., distancing, internalizing, externalizing) strategies for coping with perceived racial discrimination and their relationship to the subjective feelings of distress evoked by perceived experiences of discrimination and perceived control over discriminatory experiences among a small, relatively homogeneous sample of Black youth (N = 71). Results of hierarchical regression analyses support evidence from the general adolescent stress and coping literature that links avoidance coping to greater feelings of distress and approach coping to a greater sense of personal control. Greater self-reports of distress are related to greater use of internalizing and externalizing coping strategies. Greater self-reports of perceived control over discriminatory experiences are related to greater use of seeking social support and problem-solving coping strategies. Implications for promoting the successful coping of Blac...
Crystal structure of a putative CN hydrolase from yeast.

The crystal structure of a yeast hypothetical protein with sequence similarity to CN hydrolases has been determined to 2.4 A resolution by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method. The protein folds as a four-layer alphabetabetaalpha sandwich and exists as a dimer in the crystal and in solution. It was selected in a structural genomics project as representative of CN hydrolases at a time when no structures had been determined for members of this family. Structures for two other members of the family have since been reported and the three proteins have similar topology and dimerization modes, which are distinct from those of other alphabetabetaalpha proteins whose structures are known. The dimers form an unusual eight-layer alphabetabetaalpha:alphabetabetaalpha structure. Although the precise enzymatic reactions catalyzed by the yeast protein are not known, considerable information about the active site may be deduced from conserved sequence motifs, comparative biochemical information, and comparison with known structures of hydrolase active sites. As with serine hydrolases, the active-site nucleophile (cysteine in this case) is positioned on a nucleophile elbow.
Work and Family Stress and Well-Being: An Examination of Person-Environment Fit in the Work and Family Domains.

Research indicates that work and family are significant sources of stress. However, this research has underemphasized the cognitive appraisal process by which work and family generate stress. This study used person-environment fit theory to examine how the comparison of work and family experiences to the person's values relates to stress and well-being. Using data from 1758 employees, we assessed fit regarding autonomy, relationships, security, and segmentation for both work and family, and examined the relationship of fit with work and family satisfaction, anxiety, depression, irritation, and somatic symptoms. In general, well-being improved as experiences increased toward values and improved to a lesser extent as experiences exceeded values. Well-being was also higher when experiences and values were both high than when both were low. These relationships were generally strongest for within-domain fit and well-being (i.e., work fit and work satisfaction, family fit and family satisfaction), and several relationships were moderated by work and family centrality. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Firm track range estimation with truncated sequential tests

The firm track range (FTR) is a key parameter for a radar system. Traditionally, the FTR has been defined in terms of an M-of-N confirmation scheme, but newer systems often use a truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for this purpose. A definition for an SPRT-based FTR is proposed.
The migration to electronic documents at OCLC

When OCLC introduced its Web site to the public in the fall of 1994, the company was, internally, still dependent on paper. While the site allowed the OCLC community to access documents electronically, almost all internal documents remained on paper. Paper copies were retained and archived. Paper copies were used for internal document review and approval. And once each week, paper updates on products and services were gathered, copied, collated, and mailed to OCLC-affiliated regional networks (distributors).Motivation for a document management system included the growth of the OCLC membership, the reduction in time lines for development of new products, and OCLC's committment to seek ISO certification. This paper traces the migration of restricted OCLC documentation, such as marketing and support materials, software documentation, and quality records, from hardcopy to electronic formats.
Resolving Healthcare Issues In Compliance With The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act

This paper is an HRM case dealing with problems of a company resolving healthcare issues in compliance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Discussion concerns how such a case can be used to exhibit the alignment between HRM strategies and legal mandates for healthcare benefits.
The Dynamics of Northwest Summer Winds over the Santa Barbara Channel

A mesoscale model is used to examine the dynamics of northwest flow over the Santa Barbara Channel region. Three cases are considered, each characterized by typical summertime synoptic conditions, but with differences in pressure gradient strength and marine boundary layer depth (MBL). The first case examines a relatively deep MBL and strong pressure gradient. Case 2 is characterized by a more shallow MBL and weaker pressure gradient, and case 3 represents a transition from a deep MBL to shallow conditions. In all cases, simulated surface winds show reasonable agreement with observations over most of the model domain, with the exception of regions near abrupt terrain changes. Results from the model indicate that the flow with a deep MBL ( ;400 m) and strong pressure gradient (case 1) is supercritical, causing regions of acceleration and expansion in the lee of Point Conception. When the MBL is shallow (;150 m) (case 2), a transcritical flow scenario exists with subcritical flow upstream from Point Conception and a supercritical flow region over the Santa Barbara Channel and downstream from the Channel Islands. Flow over the channel is strongly affected by diurnal heating in shallow MBL cases, reversing direction in step with a land breeze circulation induced by nighttime cooling. The land breeze forces an internal wave disturbance that propagates westward across the channel, eliminating the supercritical flow region in the lee of Point Conception. Conditions with a deep MBL (;400 m) produce less variability in the surface winds, except for the region sheltered by the Santa Ynez Mountains. An expansion fan is still evident in this case, but it is produced by the interaction of the flow with higher terrain north and east of the channel. The low hills on Point Conception and the Channel Islands do not have a large blocking effect on the surface flow when the MBL is deep. Analysis of the momentum budget supports the conclusion that the boundary layer behaves like a transcritical hydraulic flow when the MBL is shallow. Except for the open ocean region, the Coriolis term is minor in comparison with the pressure and advection terms. Diurnal heating effects are evident in the nearshore pressure term, which varies from offshore during the late evening to onshore in the afternoon. These effects are most significant when the MBL is shallow and can augment the hydraulically forced pressure pattern, causing a stronger expansion fan in the late afternoon and a collapse of the expansion fan during the early morning.
Modelling of Experimental Observations of Electrical Response of CNT Composites

A physics based analytical models on prediction of electro-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded epoxy composite are developed to investigate the change in resistance under quasi-static tensile and compression loading conditions. Two different types of contacts namely in-line and lateral contacts between CNTs were considered in predicting electrical tunneling of current. It was identified from experiments that the extent of these contacts vary during deformation and lateral contacts predominates after composite reaches maximum stress during deformation, resulting decrease in resistance. The non-linear constitutive response of the composite obtained from experimental results is incorporated into model to accommodate decrease/increase in distance between above contacts. Under tensile loading conditions, the model made decent predictions against experimental results for composites of three different weight fractions (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 %) of CNTs. Later, this model is extended to predict electro-mechanical response for intermediate weight fractions. Our efforts are currently focused on developing model to predict electrical response under compression loading and the results of this model along with under tensile loading will be presented at the conference.
Individuals and us.

Since behavior is a function of both heredity and environment, it is axiomatic that those who directly or indirectly structure the environment determine to some extent the behavior of the residents of that environment. Systems and design engineers are responsible for a very significant proportion of the artifactual elements of a modern society and probably have a much greater influence on human behavior than has been generally recognized. The members of the Human Factors Society have a special responsibility and a unique opportunity to see that equipment and systems are designed so as to take advantage of such qualities of man as creativity, flexibility, etc. Further, insofar as possible the human factors specialist should assure that the jobs and man-machine interactions created by specific designs not only take advantage of man's presence but also contribute positively to his personal development and fulfillment.
Computer Simulation of Electron Microscope Images from Atomic Structure Models

It is generally the case that simple direct interpretation of high resolution electron microscope images is not possible due to the phase contrast imaging modes necessary to achieve atomic level spatial resolution. Therefore, an extensive number of computer programs have been developed to perform electron diffraction and image computations. Both single scattering or dynamical scattering processes can be simulated as well as any form of imaging mode currently available on most modern high performance transmission electron microscopes. Since one is interested in imperfections rather than perfect crystal structures, a large number of sampling points in real and reciprocal space are required. Often, large atom position arrays must be sampled requiring large mainframe computer memories and fast CPU’s. High quality displays are also required for realistic image representations and even faster computational methods via television rate digital frame store devices. This paper will be centered about a number of materials areas requiring high resolution electron microscopy computer simulation from atomic structure models. These areas include: organometallic molecules, point defects, surface structure and reconstructions, amorphous thin films, quasi-crystals, semiconductor interfaces and grain boundary structure in metals.
Between compromise and distrust; the soviet information bureau's operations in Poland, 1945-53

ABSTRACTThe article explores the Soviet Information Bureau's manipulation of the Polish press from 1945 to 1953, the interaction of Soviet and Polish officials and the meagre results achieved by these efforts. The article illuminates the operation of the Soviet foreign propaganda unit and the problematic character of the project to mould Polish opinion of the USSR. It also reveals the inherent early weaknesses of the Soviet East European Empire more generally.
Occurrence of the Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in Notropis spp. (Cyprinidae) in Saginaw Bay and Port Sanilac, Lake Huron, and Lake St. Clair, Michigan, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT: A total of 1,270 cyprinids consisting of emerald shiners, Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, 1818; spottail shiners, Notropis hudsonius (Clinton, 1824); mimic shiners, Notropis volucellus (Cope, 1865); and sand shiners, Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865) (Cyprinidae) collected in 2009–2013 from Saginaw Bay and Port Sanilac, Lake Huron, and Lake St. Clair, Michigan, U.S.A., were examined for the nonnative Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. The prevalences, mean intensities, and mean abundances of this cestode in the cyprinid species varied from 0 to 28%, 0.0 to 5.8, and 0.00 to 1.11, respectively. The infection values of B. acheilognathi were higher in Notropis spp. from Saginaw Bay than in Lake St. Clair. The proportions of infected and uninfected emerald shiners increased significantly from 2009 through 2011 and 2013 in Saginaw Bay. Emerald and mimic shiners are new host records for B. acheilognathi. Saginaw Bay and Port Sanilac, Lake Huron, and Lake St. Clair are new locality re...
Comment: Effect of Centering on Collinearity and Interpretation of the Constant

The decision to center or not to center the data in linear least squares depends solely on the substantive meaning of the data. We can give hundreds of examples of data for which centering (or subtracting some meaningful nonzero value) is the only sensible decision to make. We can give just as many examples for which it is sensible not to center. Since Belsley's example is a constructed set, no substantive, meaningful decision can be made. However, if the data are not centered, then they are nearly useless for estimating the intercept. If, to take the other side, the data are centered, then they can provide a good estimate of the constant in a new (and different) equation.
Case finding and treatment outcome of TB patients in Qinhuangdao City from 2007-2011

[Objective]To analyze the case finding and the treatment outcome of tuberculosis(TB) in Qinhuangdao City from 2007-2011.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to statistically analyze the TB data in Qinhuangdao city from 2007-2011.[Results] During the period,a total of 4 561 new smear positive cases were registered which accounted for 72.04%.Seeking medical advice with symptom and referral were the major ways to find the patients,which accounted for 54.10% and 39.55% respectively.From 2007-2011,the cure rate of new smear positive TB cases(92.92%) was higher than that of retreatment smear positive cured cases(87.61%) significantly(P 0.05).[Conclusion]The treatment of curing the smear positive cases especially retreatment smear positive cases should be improved in this city.Enhancing the collaboration with CDC and hospitals can improve TB case detection.
Mechanism of DC capacitor voltage control of 6-pulse VSI-based SSSC

For a three-phase power system of inductive lines with SSSC(Static Synchronous Series Compensator),the AC and DC currents in one period,as well as the DC capacitor voltage,of the SSSC based on six-pulse VSI(Voltage Sourced Inverter) are calculated for both inductive and capacitive compensation modes.Combined with PSCAD / EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation,the impact of currents on the charging and discharging of DC capacitor and the conductive period of its switching devices are analyzed.The calculative,simulative and analytic results show that,when the controllable serial voltage injected by SSSC is perpendicular to line current,the capacitor current has no effect on the charging and discharging of capacitor,and there is only reactive power exchange between SSSC and system;when the controllable serial voltage injected by SSSC is incompletely perpendicular to line current,the capacitor current has effect on the charging and discharging of capacitor,and there are both reactive and active power exchanges between SSSC and system.
Analysis of AIDS knowledge and its influencing factors among female sex workers in Daye City

Objective To investigate awareness rate of AIDS knowledge and its influential factors among the female sex workers in Daye City. Mothods According to the National AIDS comprehensive monitoring program, the AIDS knowledge of 400 female sex workers were surveyed and the results were analyzed using SPSS15.00 software. Results The total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 90.25%(361/400).The rate of core AIDS related knowledge answered correctly was higher. Significant differences in awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among female sex workers in low-grade entertainment places compared to that of the high-grade entertainment places(χ2=61.65, P0.001). Multivariate Logistic analysis results showed that awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among female sex workers were affected by entertainment places and education level, and the former factor was inversely correlated with the latter. Conclusions The low-grade entertainment places are the focus for carrying out health education on spread of AIDS knowledge.
Evolving Monolithic Robot Controllers through Incremental Shaping

Evolutionary robotics has been shown to be an effective technique for generating robot behaviors that are difficult to derive analytically from the robot’s mechanics and task environment. Moreover, augmenting evolutionary algorithms with environmental scaffolding via an incremental shaping method makes it possible to evolve controllers for complex tasks that would otherwise be infeasible. In this paper we present a summary of two recent publications in the evolutionary robotics literature demonstrating how these methods can be used to evolve robot controllers for non-trivial tasks, what the obstacles are in evolving controllers in this way, and present a novel research question that can be investigated under this framework.
The effects of processing mode and brand scandals on copycat product evaluations

AbstractConventional wisdom suggests a ‘copycat’ (look-alike) product’s success is due in part to the halo generated by its positive association with national leader brands (NLB). But, what if the NLB is the focus of negative publicity? In the current investigation, we seek to determine the extent to which NLB scandals (i.e. negative news stories) have an impact on consumers’ evaluations of copycat products. Further, we extend recent work on comparative evaluation strategies (consumer information processing modes) by demonstrating that a copycat product is evaluated more favorably when presented separate from (as opposed to adjacent to) the NLB product. However, negative perceptions of the NLB are shown to moderate these effects. Furthermore, a follow-up study supports the notion that visual similarity drives these effects.