cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interspecific Transformation of Neisseria by Culture Slime Containing Deoxyribonucleate

Genetic change of Neisseria meningitidis is elicited by deoxyribonucleate preparations obtained from N. sicca. Such interspecific transformation is effected not only by deoxyribonucleate obtained from cells by conventional methods but also by crude deoxyribonucleate-containing slime which accumulates without experimental intervention in some cultures incubated for a period as short as 44 hours.
New roles for G-protein beta gamma-dimers in transmembrane signalling.

When a membrane-bound receptor acts on a G protein, the GTP-binding or Gα subunit dissociates from the Gβγ dimer. Until recently, the Gα subunit alone was thought to act on the enzymes and ion channels controlled by these proteins. Newer evidence indicates that the Gβγ. dimer also plays a major part in signal transmission, enhancing the complexity of the possible interactions between the G proteins and their targets.
Cell Coupling and Uncoupling in the Ventricular Zone of Developing Neocortex

Cells within the ventricular zone (VZ) of developing neocortex are coupled together into clusters by gap junction channels. The specific role of clustering in cortical neurogenesis is unknown; however, clustering provides a means for spatially restricted local interactions between subsets of precursors and other cells within the VZ. In the present study, we have used a combination of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrDU) pulse labeling, intracellular biocytin labeling, and immunocytochemistry to determine when in the cell cycle VZ cells couple and uncouple from clusters and to determine what cell types within the VZ are coupled to clusters. Our results indicate that clusters contain radial glia and neural precursors but do not contain differentiating or migrating neurons. In early neurogenesis, all precursors in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle are coupled, and approximately half of the cells in G1 are coupled. In late neurogenesis, however, over half of the cells in both G1 and S phases are not coupled to VZ clusters, whereas all cells in G2 are coupled to clusters. Increased uncoupling in S phase during late neurogenesis may contribute to the greater percentage of VZ cells exiting the cell cycle at this time. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that pharmacologically uncoupling VZ cells with octanol decreases the percentage of VZ cells that enter S phase. These results demonstrate that cell clustering in the VZ is restricted to neural precursors and radial glia, is dynamic through the cell cycle, and may play a role in regulating neurogenesis.
Hooking Up in Young Adulthood: A Review of Factors Influencing the Sexual Behavior of College Students

Hooking up, or casual “no strings attached” sexual encounters, has become the normative heterosexual relationship on college campuses. This phenomenon has only recently received public attention. Many citizens have become alarmed that this trend is indicative of moral decline in our culture, a reflection of our hypersexualized media, and a promotion of sexual irresponsibility. However, this is not necessarily so, and researchers have come to identify both social and psychological factors that have produced and continue to maintain this sexual environment on campuses. This paper will review some factors that previous research has discussed, including the shift in intimacy over the past century, social norms enforced by peer groups, psychological attachment style, and the developmental transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Implications for students and psychotherapists who work with students will be discussed.
Refurbishing Mayo Clinic Proceedings: 2011-2012

I suspect that many of us have experience with periodically refurbishing property and relationships. Even in this era of acquire, use, and discard, we find those treasured items that have the patina of affectionate engagement and realize that we want them to remain in our lives, but in a form that is more functional and better suited to our present and future interests. These items have core elements that are simply irreplaceable, and once refurbished they will provide form, function, and pleasure that simply cannot be duplicated elsewhere. Mayo Clinic Proceedings is currently undergoing a period of refurbishing that in relative terms rivals the 1963-1964 decision to remove the journal from the Mayo Clinic Section of Scientific Publications and make the journal an independent body under the leadership of an Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board. In absolute terms, the refurbishing of Mayo Clinic Proceedings that will occur in 2011 and 2012 will greatly exceed any prior initiatives. The journal will retain its core values and pursuit of quality, and portions of its cover will remain colored with Pantone Matching System 151 ink (the unique orange color used for many years), but almost every other aspect of the journal has been, and will continue to be, under review. I will share some of these features with you, the readers, and explain how the refurbished journal should provide functionality and enjoyment unprecedented in the journal's history.
Pertussis Infection in the United States: Role for Vaccination of Adolescents and Adults

Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease on the rise in the United States, with increasing incidence in adolescents and adults related to waning immunity. Although often considered a relatively mild infection in these populations, pertussis can be a serious, potentially deadly illness, particularly in children <12 months old. Infected adolescents and adults serve as a reservoir for disease transmission to young children and infants, who are most vulnerable to severe pertussis and its life-threatening complications. In 2005, the US Food and Drug Administration licensed two vaccines that contain tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and reduced acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap), one for use in adolescents and the other for use in adolescents and adults. In light of these licensures, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) revised its recommendations for pertussis vaccination to include a Tdap booster dose for all adolescents aged 11 to 12 years as well as catch-up vaccination of those aged 13 to 18 years who did not receive the Td booster. The Committee also recommended a Tdap booster dose for all adults aged 19 to 64 years to replace the next Td booster dose, particularly for those who have close contact with infants <12 months old. In February 2006, the ACIP recommended a Tdap booster dose for health care personnel as soon as feasible. If widely administered, Tdap vaccination should have a substantial impact on pertussis.
Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β-Acetamido Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives Using a Three-Hindered Quadrant Rhodium Catalyst

A previously reported three-hindered quadrant chiral ligand and its corresponding rhodium complex provide high enantioselectivity for the asymmetric hydrogenation of β-acetamido dehydroamino acid substrates. Both (E)- and (Z)-substrates are hydrogenated with high enantioselectivity in all of the reported examples. Asymmetric hydrogenation of a cyclic β-acetamido dehydroamino acid substrate in 85% ee is also reported.
Swimming pool use and birth defect risk.

Objective Swimming during pregnancy is recommended. However, the use of swimming pools is also associated with infection by water-borne pathogens and exposure to water disinfection byproducts, which are 2 mechanisms that are suspected to increase risk for birth defects. Thus, we evaluated the relationship between maternal swimming pool use during early pregnancy and risk for select birth defects in offspring. Study Design Data were evaluated for nonsyndromic cases with 1 of 16 types of birth defects (n = 191-1829) and controls (n = 6826) from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study delivered during 2000-2006. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for each birth defect type. Separate analyses were conducted to assess any pool use (yes vs no) and frequent use (5 or more occasions in 1 month) during the month before pregnancy through the third month of pregnancy. Results There was no significant positive association between any or frequent pool use and any of the types of birth defects, even after adjustment for several potential confounders (maternal race/ethnicity, age at delivery, education, body mass index, folic acid use, nulliparity, smoking, annual household income, surveillance center, and season of conception). Frequent pool use was significantly negatively associated with spina bifida (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.99). Among offspring of women 20 years old or older, pool use was associated with gastroschisis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.8), although not significantly so. Conclusion We observed little evidence suggesting teratogenic effects of swimming pool use. Because swimming is a common and suggested form of exercise during pregnancy, these results are reassuring.
XFI: software guards for system address spaces

XFI is a comprehensive protection system that offers both flexible access control and fundamental integrity guarantees, at any privilege level and even for legacy code in commodity systems. For this purpose, XFI combines static analysis with inline software guards and a two-stack execution model. We have implemented XFI for Windows on the x86 architecture using binary rewriting and a simple, stand-alone verifier; the implementation's correctness depends on the verifier, but not on the rewriter. We have applied XFI to software such as device drivers and multimedia codecs. The resulting modules function safely within both kernel and user-mode address spaces, with only modest enforcement overheads.
Pre-eclampsia: the pivotal role of the placenta in its pathophysiology and markers for early detection:

Pre-eclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Infants born to affected mothers face a five-fold increase in death rate [Lain and Roberts 2002; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute 2001]. Although pre-eclampsia has been recognized by physicians for millennia, relatively little is known about its pathogenesis or prevention. Predicting its development is often extremely difficult, perhaps leading the Greeks to use the name ’eklampsis’ meaning lightening. Recent studies provide novel insights into the role of the placenta in the development of pre-eclampsia and demonstrate novel markers to assist in predicting the onset of disease and potential therapeutic targets. Following an introduction which highlights the classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and defines incidence and adverse outcomes of pre-eclampsia, this manuscript will discuss the role of the placenta in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia and recent markers that may predict its onset.
Pathological Gambling: obsessive-compulsive disorder or behavioral addiction?

Introduction: There has considerable debate about the appropriate conceptualization of pathological gambling (PG) and its place in psychiatric nosology. PG has been hypothesized to represent both an Obsessive-Compulsive spectrum disorder (OCD) and a behavioral addiction, that is an addiction without a drug. Conceptualization of pathological gambling is vital to guide research strategies and the development and testing of effective treatments we will review the existing research supporting the non-pharmacologic addiction model and that supporting the obsessive-compulsive spectrum conceptualization. Objetive: To review the conceptualization of PG and the aspects associated with the OCD or a behavioral addiction. Results and Conclusions: Although PG resembles OCD in some domains, the majority of the existing data suggests substantial differences between them. Findings from phenomenology, epidemiology, treatment response, and imaging study appear to support that PG resembles more closely an addiction. Nevertheless, despite the progress over the last decade in understanding addictions, PG, and OCD, existing data are often limited and include methodological concerns that complicate interpretation and comparisons across subject groups.
The Role of the Visceral Mesoderm in the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract forms from the endoderm (which gives rise to the epithelium) and the mesoderm (which develops into the smooth muscle layer, the mesenchyme, and numerous other cell types). Much of what is known of GI development has been learned from studies of the endoderm and its derivatives, because of the importance of epithelial biology in understanding and treating human diseases. Although the necessity of epithelial-mesenchymal cross talk for GI development is uncontested, the role of the mesoderm remains comparatively less well understood. The transformation of the visceral mesoderm during development is remarkable; it differentiates from a very thin layer of cells into a complex tissue comprising smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, neurons, immune cells, endothelial cells, lymphatics, and extracellular matrix molecules, all contributing to the form and function of the digestive system. Understanding the molecular processes that govern the development of these cell types and elucidating their respective contribution to GI patterning could offer insight into the mechanisms that regulate cell fate decisions in the intestine, which has the unique property of rapid cell renewal for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. In reviewing evidence from both mammalian and nonmammalian models, we reveal the important role of the visceral mesoderm in the ontogeny of the GI tract.
The pediocin AcH precursor is biologically active.

The properties of the pediocin AcH precursor, prepediocin AcH, have been studied to gain insight into how producer cells may protect themselves from the activity of intracellular prebacteriocins. The native 62-amino-acid precursor and the 44-amino-acid mature species were expressed in Escherichia coli host strains that lack the leader peptide processing enzyme, PapD. Both forms inhibited the growth of the test bacterium Listeria innocua Lin11, indicating that the native precursor is biologically active. The two species also were synthesized in the context of maltose-binding protein chimeric proteins to facilitate the measurement of their relative specific activities. The chimeric form of the precursor was ∼80% as active as the chimeric mature species. Of relevance to cell protection and pediocin AcH production, it was determined that the precursor is strongly susceptible to inactivation by reducing agents and to degradation by chymotrypsin and endogenous E. coli proteases. Taken together, the results indicate that the activity of prepediocin AcH may have to be controlled prior to secretion to prevent toxicity to the host. Perhaps producer cells avoid membrane damage by maintaining the precursor in a reduced inactive state or by degrading molecules whose secretion is delayed.
Difluoromethylornithine-induced reversible hearing loss across a wide frequency range.

Objectives: Alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an antineoplastic agent that causes reversible hearing loss (HL) by an unknown mechanism. Previous neonatal gerbil studies have identified a dosing regimen of 1 g/kg per day of DFMO given for 3 weeks that results in reversible HL on click-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR). The objectives of this study are 1) to measure HL and recovery at several frequencies in neonatal gerbils after DFMO therapy at two different dosing regimens and 2) to identify any effects of DFMO on cochlear histology. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, experimental design with placebo controls. Methods: ABR to tone pips at 2,4,8,16, and 32 kHz were recorded on 62 21-day-old Mongolian gerbils after daily subcutaneous injections of DFMO (group A at 1 g/kg, group B at 750mg/kg) or saline from day 3 to day 20 after birth. Thirty-seven animals were retested after a 3-week drug-free recovery period. Twenty-seven animals were killed for analysis of cochlear histology. Results: Animals that were administered DFMO demonstrated higher ABR thresholds across all five frequencies, with mean threshold differences of 21 to 29 dB in group A and 11 to 17 dB in group B as compared with controls. Higher thresholds were demonstrated at higher frequencies. Fewer side effects were noted at the lower dose. After a 3-week drug-free recovery period, auditory thresholds returned to pretreatment levels. No significant cochlear structural abnormalities were identified under light microscopy. Conclusion: An 18-day regimen of 750 mg/kg per day of DFMO given subcutaneously in neonatal gerbils causes minimal side effects with broad-frequency HL that, after 3 weeks of recovery, is fully reversible.
SEU characterization and design dependence of the SA3300 microprocessor

A detailed characterization is presented of the single-event upset (SEU) sensitivity of the SA3300 microprocessor focusing specifically on the internal general-purpose registers. SEU response is explored as a function of temperature and logic state of the registers. The effects of two different design variations on SEU vulnerability are outlined. Microprobe measurements using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser suggest that the observed pattern dependence for both design revisions is due to bipolar photocurrent in a vertical n/sup +/pn transistor. A slight temperature dependence was observed in both design revisions. This is consistent with the use of oversized restoring transistors to minimize SEU vulnerability rather than polysilicon feedback resistors. More recent data show threshold above 120 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg with 80-k Omega feedback resistors. >
Moral Spaces in MySpace: Preservice Teachers' Perspectives about Ethical Issues in Social Networking

MySpace and Facebook are innovative digital communication tools that surpass traditional means of social interaction. However, in some instances in which educators have used these tools, public reactions to them have resulted in sanctions. With the notion that traditional ideas of privacy and teacher conduct are not yet defined in online worlds, the researchers developed a case-based reasoning intervention to support more informed decisions by preservice teachers. The case-based coursework led students to perceive a need for more definitive guidelines about their participation in social networking spaces. The findings have professional development implications for educators and educational institutions that wish to harness the positive potential of social networking tools without risking professional status. (Keywords: social networking, case-based reasoning, online ethics, professional development, teacher education)
ESTÁNDARES LABORALES Y COMERCIO UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA PROBLEMÁTICA

En este articulo se presenta una sintesis analitica de la problematica de la presencia de estandares laborales diferenciales entre jurisdicciones y el comercio internacional, especificamente en lo referente a sus impactos sobre las condiciones de competitividad y los mercados de trabajo - salarios y ocupacion- entre paises participes en el intercambio mutuo de bienes y servicios.
QRS morphology-dependent pharmacodynamics in multiform ventricular ectopic activity

Abstract The effect of an infusion of intravenous procainamide on the frequency of ventricular premature complexes (VCPs) of differing QRS morphologies was studied in 20 patients with multiform ectopic activity. In 17 of 20 patients, there was differential suppression of single VPCs with different QRS morphologies. VPCs of the most frequent QRS morphology and the second most frequent QRS morphology were compared with respect to the procainamide level at the escape of VPCs from 85% suppression and the duration of suppression measured from the onset of the procainamide infusion. In 8 patients, VPCs of the most frequent QRS morphology remained suppressed at lower procainamide concentrations and for longer times than did VPCs of the second most frequent QRS morphology (escape procainamide concentration = 2.8 ± 1.7 versus 5.4 ± 2.3 μug/ml, p
A Superconducting Joint Technique for ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Round Wires

This paper describes a technique to superconductively splice multifilament MgB2 wires. To date the technique has achieved joints capable of carrying a superconducting current of 200 A at 10 K in self field. Joints details, as well as testing methods and results are presented here.
Performance bounds for linear MMSE receivers in CDMA systems with partial channel knowledge

In code division multiple access (CDMA) systems employing linear adaptive receivers, the detector is typically estimated directly from the received signals, based on some partial knowledge about the system, e.g., signature waveforms of one or several users. We derive the Cramer-Rao lower bounds on the covariances of the estimated linear detectors, under three different assumptions on the mechanism for estimating the detectors, namely, a) finite-alphabet-based (FA) blind detectors, b) constant-modulus-based (CM) blind detectors, and c) second-order-moments-based (SO) blind detectors. These bounds translate into the upper bounds on the achievable signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) by the corresponding adaptive receivers. The results are asymptotic in nature, either for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or for large signal sample size. The effects of unknown multipath channels on these performance bounds are also addressed. Numerical results indicate that while the existing subspace blind or group-blind detectors perform close to the SINR bound for the SO detectors, the SINR bounds for the FA and CM detectors are significantly higher, which suggests potential avenues for developing more powerful adaptive detectors by exploiting more structural information from the system.
Values and Value: Moral Economics

This chapter will survey neuroscientific research and discuss recent experiments from my lab on the physiologic basis for interpersonal decision-making to support the follow thesis: most people, most of the time, behave ethically, and that a set of shared values is essential to the functioning of modern economies. I call this "moral economics." Next, I will draw implications for law, institutional design, and public policy that follow from moral economics. What I would like to demonstrate is that values are a critical ingredient in producing the historically high living standards in many nations, and are a prerequisite to economic growth in the developing world.
Scaling reinforcement learning to the unconstrained multi-agent domain

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique designed to mimic the way animals learn by receiving rewards and punishment. It is designed to train intelligent agents when very little is known about the agent’s environment, and consequently the agent’s designer is unable to hand-craft an appropriate policy. Using reinforcement learning, the agent’s designer can merely give reward to the agent when it does something right, and the algorithm will craft an appropriate policy automatically. In many situations it is desirable to use this technique to train systems of agents (for example, to train robots to play RoboCup soccer in a coordinated fashion). Unfortunately, several significant computational issues occur when using this technique to train systems of agents. This dissertation introduces a suite of techniques that overcome many of these difficulties in various common situations. First, we show how multi-agent reinforcement learning can be made more tractable by forming coalitions out of the agents, and training each coalition separately. Coalitions are formed by using information-theoretic techniques, and we find that by using a coalition-based approach, the computational complexity of reinforcement-learning can be made linear in the total system agent count. Next we look at ways to integrate domain knowledge into the reinforcement learning process, and how this can significantly improve the policy quality in multi-agent situations. Specifically, we find that integrating domain knowledge into a reinforcement learning process can overcome training data deficiencies and allow the learner to converge to acceptable solutions when lack of training data would have prevented such convergence without domain knowledge. We then show how to train policies over continuous action spaces, which can reduce problem complexity for domains that require continuous action spaces (analog controllers) by eliminating the need to finely discretize the action space. Finally, we look at ways to perform reinforcement learning on modern GPUs and show how by doing this we can tackle significantly larger problems. We find that by offloading some of the RL computation to the GPU, we can achieve almost a 4.5 speedup factor in the total training process.
Hexafluorobenzene under Extreme Conditions

We report the results from three high pressure experiments on hexafluorobenzene (C6F6). In the first experiment, Raman spectra were recorded up to 34.4 GPa. A phase transition from I → II was observed near 2 GPa. Near 8.8 GPa, a phase transition to an unreported phase (III) commenced. Above 20.6 GPa, yet another phase was observed (IV). Pressure cycling was employed to determine that, below 25.6 GPa, all pressure-induced alterations were reversible. However, at pressures above 20 GPa, dramatic spectral changes and broadening were observed at 25.6 and 34.4 GPa. The sample irreversibly changed into a soft solid with waxlike consistency when pressure was reduced to ambient and was recoverable. In the second experiment, IR spectra were collected up to 14.6 GPa. The phase transition (II → III) near 8.8 GPa was confirmed. An angular dispersive X-ray diffraction experiment was conducted to 25.6 GPa. Phase transitions above 1.4 GPa (I → II), above 5.5 GPa (II → III), above 10 GPa (III → IV), and above 15.5 GPa (I...
dbPEC: a comprehensive literature-based database for preeclampsia related genes and phenotypes

Preeclampsia is one of the most common causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality in the world. We built a Database for Preeclampsia (dbPEC) consisting of the clinical features, concurrent conditions, published literature and genes associated with Preeclampsia. We included gene sets associated with severity, concurrent conditions, tissue sources and networks. The published scientific literature is the primary repository for all information documenting human disease. We used semantic data mining to retrieve and extract the articles pertaining to preeclampsia-associated genes and performed manual curation. We deposited the articles, genes, preeclampsia phenotypes and other supporting information into the dbPEC. It is publicly available and freely accessible. Previously, we developed a database for preterm birth (dbPTB) using a similar approach. Using the gene sets in dbPTB, we were able to successfully analyze a genome-wide study of preterm birth including 4000 women and children. We identified important genes and pathways associated with preterm birth that were not otherwise demonstrable using genome-wide approaches. dbPEC serves not only as a resources for genes and articles associated with preeclampsia, it is a robust source of gene sets to analyze a wide range of high-throughput data for gene set enrichment analysis. Database URL: http://ptbdb.cs.brown.edu/dbpec/.
Treatment strategies for extension of levodopa effect.

After chronic treatment, levodopa’s effectiveness at relieving parkinsonian features can be less than optimal, varying greatly from dose to dose. In many instances, these problems are governed by the peripheral and central pharmacokinetics of levodopa. Several strategies have been developed to manage motor fluctuations, including inhibition of monoamine oxidase-type B, sustained-release levodopa preparations, continuous enteral medication infusions, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition.
INSIGHT Responsive Parenting Intervention and Infant Sleep

OBJECTIVES: Inadequate sleep during infancy is associated with adverse outcomes for infants and families. We sought to improve sleep behaviors and duration through a responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention. METHODS: The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study is a randomized trial comparing a RP intervention with a safety control. Primiparous mother-newborn dyads were randomized after childbirth, and research nurses delivered intervention content at home visits at infant ages 3, 16, 28, and 40 weeks and at a research center visit at 1 year. The RP sleep component included developmentally appropriate messages about bedtime routines, sleep location and behaviors, and responses to wakings. Portions of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire were administered 2, 8, and 52 weeks after birth with expanded sleep-related data collection at 16 and 40 weeks. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-nine dyads completed the first home visit; 90.7% completed the 1-year visit. Compared with controls, RP group infants were less likely to have prolonged bedtime routines >45 minutes and more likely to have earlier bedtimes at 16 and 40 weeks. They were less likely to be fed immediately before bed and more likely to self-soothe to sleep. At 8, 16, and 40 weeks, RP group nocturnal sleep duration was longer by 35, 25, and 22 minutes, respectively (P CONCLUSIONS: The INSIGHT RP intervention positively influenced developmentally appropriate bedtime routines, sleep-related behaviors, and sleep duration for infants.
Yielding phenomena of hot-pressed Si3N4

AbstractTensile tests on hot-pressed silicon nitride containing 3 weight% alumina and 5 weight% yttria were conducted at elevated temperatures (l300°C.and above). Yielding phenomena somewhat similar to those of, for example, mLld steels were observed in the stress/displacement diagrams. Although these phenomena were greatly affected by the displacement rate as well as the temperature, the ultimate strength tended to depend only on the temperature. ,the yielding phen,omena are attributed to cavitation caused by the reductwn m viscosity ofthe gram boundary glassy phase.
Two-Stage Exchange Hip Arthroplasty: Static Spacers

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is considered by many to be the gold standard surgical treatment for periprosthetic infection. Although articulating spacers have risen significantly in popularity, static antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers are an excellent option for those patients with significant bone loss or concern for dislocation. The static spacer includes a femoral and acetabular cement structure which does not make contact at the joint. Several grams of antibiotics must be mixed with each bag of cement in order to provide significant elution from the cement. Identification of the organism and its antibiotic sensitivities are critical in choosing appropriate antibiotics. After a 6 week period of systemic antibiotics and a 4–6 week period off of antibiotics, the decision to reimplant a prosthesis can be made if all evidence points toward eradication of the infection. This chapter details the decision-making and procedures related to the use of a static spacer as part of a two-stage exchange.
Abstract 20758: Chemotherapy Treatment Increases the Risk of Developing Atrial Fibrillation in Breast Cancer

Introduction: With an aging population and increasing cancer survivors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy mediated cardiovascular disease is becoming more prevalent. However, little is currently known ...
Chemical component separation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of botulinum toxin for management of ventral hernia.

Background: Ventral hernia represents a surgical challenge plagued by high morbidity and recurrence rates. Primary closure of challenging hernias is often prohibited by severe lateral retraction an...
Black Ball Business and Commercial Networks

Bullard explores the commercial networking and associational business culture that lay behind nineteenth-century patronage of the fine arts. Increased communication in the Atlantic World built upon business correspondence, techniques of risk management, and accounting methods rooted in Italian Renaissance mercantile practices. The history of the Black Ball Line of New York–Liverpool packets illustrates the rise of regularized transatlantic shipping and the private wealth it generated for owners and investors, especially Baring Brothers & Co. merchant bankers through Barings’ Liverpool branch and including American agents Thomas Wren Ward in Boston and Jonathan Goodhue and Captain Charles Marshall in New York. The chapter follows Luther Wyman’s early career from a Massachusetts farm to bathing house proprietor, clerk in an Erie Canal towboat company, to merchant with the Black Ball Line.
A New Species of Portanus from Guatemala (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Xestocephalinae)

A new species of Portanus is described from Guatemala. The distribution and key to the Central American species of the genus is also given.
Variation in the status of the P and its effects on relative clause construction

This paper presents an analysis of the structure of relative clauses with an indirect object or adjunct gap in two Mundaka Basque varieties ( Mundaka Basque I and Mundaka Basque II ). In Mundaka Basque I, relativization of indirect objects and adjuncts is grammatical when the relative clause is in subject or direct object position, while in Mundaka Basque II this same syntactic configuration is ungrammatical. This variation is explained by a difference in the status of P. In Mundaka Basque I the P has unvalued phi-features, whereas in Mundaka Basque II the P has no unvalued phi-features. Evidence for this comes from PP extraction out of [-Q] embedded clauses: the intermediate v gets its phi-features valued by the P of the extracted phrase in Mundaka Basque I, while it does not in Mundaka Basque II. Additionally, this study shows that the Case matching effect is not a syntactic constraint but rather a morphological constraint.
Stephen Hawking (1942–2018)

Stephen William Hawking died on 14 March (Albert Einstein's birthday) at the age of 76 after decades of battling the incurable disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). His early scientific work transformed our understanding of general relativity, Einstein's theory of gravitation. Later in life, Stephen became an immensely successful popularizer of science; his courage and high spirits in the face of his disability inspired millions. Stephen Hawking's achievements as a scientist, communicator, and public figure were commensurate with his great fame.
Racism and Social Justice

Social justice is an ideal condition in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protections, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits. Racism, in essence, is the lack of “fair” treatment of racial groups designated as “other” in the society. Consequently, when racism becomes institutionalized in a society, social justice is compromised. This chapter examines the connection between racism and social justice. Human rights is discussed as the overarching principle for social justice, and social justice is defined. Social justice and injustice with respect to race and the processes by which they are achieved are considered through examples of inequality in three types of justice: distributive, procedural, and interactional. Race also is discussed as an important factor in the extent to which immigrants experience social injustice. The chapter further explores issues of social justice for the core groups and recent immigrants through examples. An intersectional analysis is applied to understand the ways in which gender, sexual orientation, immigration status, and ethnicity intersect and how racial scaffolding influences their intersection.
Treatment Implications of the Schizophrenia Prodrome

Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder that strikes at a critical period of a young person’s life. Early identification of individuals in the prodromal phase of a psychotic illness can lead to earlier treatment and perhaps prevention of many of the devastating effects of a first psychotic episode. International research efforts have demonstrated the success of community outreach and education regarding the schizophrenia prodrome and it is now possible to use empirically defined clinical and demographic criteria to identify individuals at a substantially increased risk for a psychotic illness. The development of clinical staging criteria for psychosis that incorporates type and severity of clinical symptoms, level of global and social functioning, family history, substance use, neurocognitive functioning, and perhaps neurobiological information, could help to specify appropriate treatment for vulnerable individuals at different phases of the prodrome. Preliminary psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment studies report initial success in reducing severity of prodromal symptoms in “at-risk” samples, but further work is needed to refine the prodromal criteria and perform well controlled treatment studies in adequately powered samples. Treatment algorithms can then be tailored to presenting symptoms, number of risk factors present, and evidence of progression of the illness, to assure appropriate, safe and effective interventions in the early stages of psychosis.
Appraisals of Blame in Adjustment in Conjugal Bereavement

Bereaved individuals who had lost a spouse through death (on average 7.2 months previously) engaged in an “empty-chair” monolog task in which they imagined that they had one last opportunity to speak to their deceased spouse. The verbal content of their monolog speech was rated by judges on the appraisal categories deceased as blameworthy and self as blameworthy. As predicted, deceased as blameworthy was associated with greater anger toward the deceased, whereas self as blameworthy was related to greater guilt on a repeated measure assessing affective experience when thinking about the deceased in daily life. In addition, these appraisal categories were positively correlated with measures of symptomatic distress; specifically, deceased as blameworthy was related to general psychological symptoms, whereas self as blameworthy correlated with grief-specific symptoms. Furthermore, deceased as blameworthy was predictive of 14 months post-loss general psychological distress symptoms when statistically controlling for these symptoms at the time of the monolog in a hierarchical regression analysis, thus providing support for its mediating role in later adjustment. The implications of the findings for the assessment of grief outcome and directions for future research are discussed.
‘You Know the Business and I Know the Chemistry’: The Scientific Ethos of Breaking Bad

We conduct an analysis of the American television drama Breaking Bad as a show that resists the label of 'science fiction', while its use of scientific imagery and discourse create what we call a 'scientific ethos '. This essay explores the use of science as an appeal to intelligence and credibility in Breaking Bad . We include a theoretical discussion of how ethos emerges in serial television narratives, an analysis of the show's textual construction of its ethos, and a discussion of the intertexual and social effects of that ethos . Finally, we recommend the adoption of a rhetorical perspective in analysing how images of science circulate in fictional texts.
Blood pressure control rates measured in specialty vs primary care practices within a large integrated health system.

Blood pressure measurement is a diagnostic test and a key component of assessing and managing hypertension, a major contributor to cardiovascular risk. Based on real-world clinical observations within a large, university-based, accountable care organization, we sought to assess whether blood pressure control results varied by the assessment setting, primary care versus specialty. We studied the most recent outpatient measurement for patients with hypertension during the 2016 calendar year and categorized each as being performed in a primary care or specialty setting, and as being controlled (<140/90 mm Hg) or uncontrolled. Among the 86 512 patients identified, the 43 364 whose most recent blood pressure measurement was in a specialty setting were significantly less likely to be controlled compared to the 43 148 whose most recent measurement was in primary care (63% vs 68%, respectively, OR = 0.83 [0.80-0.85]). For the 27 955 patients who had measurements performed in both settings during the year, the control rates based upon their most recent specialty and primary care measurements were 63% and 71%, respectively (OR = 0.62, 0.60-0.65). For the subsets of patients whose measurements in each setting were within 30 or within seven days of each other, the odds of control in the specialty versus primary care setting were 0.63 (0.58-0.75) and 0.65 (0.57-0.75), respectively. Health systems should weigh the value of performing blood pressure measurement in specialty settings that do not manage this condition, taking into consideration the resources required to perform it and the potential negative consequences of inaccurate measurements.
Transmitters location optimization for drug delivery systems

Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) are of vital importance to treat dangerous diseases, such as cancer. The goal of DDSs is to provide the required medication to the diseased area without affecting other healthy parts of the body. Most advanced DDSs use nanoparticles since they are able to cross biological barriers, but it has been shown that about 1% of injected nanoparticles are delivered to the diseased area. Molecular Communication (MC) paradigm is used to study DDSs, in particular to model the propagation of nanoparticles by advection and diffusion throughout the cardiovascular system in order to maximize the amount of nanoparticles reaching the diseased area. While existing work proposes different methods to tackle this problem, none of them aim to identify the optimal transmitters location to inject nanoparticles such that they reach the intended target while avoiding other areas in the body. In this paper, we propose an optimization problem to determine the optimal placement of transmitters to achieve a desired signal strength at a target organ, while ensuring that the interference at the organs we intend to avoid is below a threshold. We consider different scenarios to study how the transmitters location are affected by the desired signal strength for the target, and the threshold interference at the regions to avoid. We find that the choice of the target and avoidance regions, and the model of the circulatory system have a significant impact on the transmitters location.
CNN-Based Non-contact Detection of Food Level in Bottles from RGB Images

In this paper, we present an approach that detects the level of food in store-bought containers using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on RGB images captured using an off-the-shelf camera. Our approach addresses three challenges—the diversity in container geometry, the large variations in shapes and appearances of labels on store-bought containers, and the variability in color of container contents—by augmenting the data used to train the CNNs using printed labels with synthetic textures attached to the training bottles, interchanging the contents of the bottles of the training containers, and randomly altering the intensities of blocks of pixels in the labels and at the bottle borders. Our approach provides an average level detection accuracy of 92.4% using leave-one-out cross-validation on 10 store-bought bottles of varying geometries, label appearances, label shapes, and content colors.
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Continuous archival and retrieval of personal experiences

Welcome to the Second ACM Workshop on Capture, Archival and Retrieval of Personal Experiences. We are pleased to once again host an event that brings together leading researchers from around the world who are interested in the unique challenges surrounding lifetime recording.We are now in the CARPE era; that is, storage, sensor and computing technology have progressed such that many CARPE scenarios have transformed from sci-fi material to practical and even affordable ideas. The general public is becoming aware that the PC, which began as a number-cruncher and word-processor, is becoming a CARPE media archive. This notion is being reinforced by numerous press articles, including such highly-read publications as USA Today and the New York Times. Many research communities have also realized that CARPE poses new problems and new potential for them. This is borne out by conferences that have invited CARPE-related keynote speeches, including SIGMOD'05, SIGIR'04, ICME'05, VIS'03, and IS&T Archiving'04. The CARPE workshop is the place to discuss these issues that have garnered such universal recognition.At the first workshop, we had a packed agenda, attempting to broadly cover as much research as possible. This year, we are providing more time for discussion. We will hear about progress and success, and also compare notes on setbacks and frustrations. We believe that more group discussion time will help all of us set future directions and return to our work better focused and energized.
ULK1 and ULK2 Regulate Stress Granule Disassembly Through Phosphorylation and Activation of VCP/p97

Disturbances in autophagy and stress granule dynamics have been implicated as potential mechanisms underlying inclusion body myopathy (IBM) and related disorders. Yet the roles of core autophagy proteins in IBM and stress granule dynamics remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that disrupted expression of the core autophagy proteins ULK1 and ULK2 in mice causes a vacuolar myopathy with ubiquitin and TDP-43-positive inclusions; this myopathy is similar to that caused by VCP/p97 mutations, the most common cause of familial IBM. Mechanistically, we show that ULK1/2 localize to stress granules and phosphorylate VCP, thereby increasing VCP's activity and ability to disassemble stress granules. These data suggest that VCP dysregulation and defective stress granule disassembly contribute to IBM-like disease in Ulk1/2-deficient mice. In addition, stress granule disassembly is accelerated by an ULK1/2 agonist, suggesting ULK1/2 as targets for exploiting the higher-order regulation of stress granules for therapeutic intervention of IBM and related disorders.
Exploratory Data Analysis of a Unified Host and Network Dataset

Exploratory data analysis is invaluable for understanding data, choosing correct models, and interpreting, validating, and applying results. It often leads to the discovery of patterns that can answer a number of research questions. In this paper, we perform exploratory data analysis on cybersecurity data in the NetFlow Dataset from “The Unified Host and Network Dataset”. “The Unified Host and Network Dataset” is a large, open source dataset collected on the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) enterprise network that was published to encourage new research in cybersecurity. The NetFlow Dataset is a compilation of flow logs from routers within the LANL network that are aggregated to a relational format using network stitching. Our exploratory data analysis shows distinct patterns and clusters within a day of data. Specifically, scatter plots of the number of packets sent by the destination device versus the number of packets sent by the source device show three distinct, no-intercept linear relationships between the variables. The relationships suggest three common patterns for how the source device and destination device interactively send packets to each other. Our analysis also shows that byte and packet distributions of connections on rare ports and connections on common ports are statistically different, suggesting these differences can be used to discriminate between normal and abnormal network behavior. Our findings may be useful for research into classification problems with a Unified Host and Network Dataset and for furthering cluster analysis in cybersecurity research.