cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early life history transitions and recruitment of Picea mariana in thawed boreal permafrost peatlands

Black spruce (Picea mariana) is the most abundant tree species in the boreal biome, but little is known about how climate warming may change recruitment in peatlands, especially those affected by permafrost thaw. We used results from a seven-year study in northern Manitoba, Canada, to address the following questions: (1) What is the relative importance of early life history transitions on P. mariana recruitment? (2) How are these transitions mediated by biological and environmental factors, including competition, facilitation, disease, herbivory, water table depth, and soil nutrients? (3) Do interactions among these factors create additional recruitment limitations beyond those imposed by environmental factors changing with climate warming, such as hydrology? Seed rain was measured over six years on forested permafrost plateaus and in neighboring collapse scar bogs. Seed germination and seedling survival and growth were measured over 4-5 years in collapse scars and assessed across a three-level water table treatment. Survival and growth experiments examined additional combinations of above- and belowground vascular plant competition and fertilizer addition. Results showed that failure of germination and survival on growing moss surfaces and reduced survival of seedlings in wetter microsites were primary constraints. Seed influx was significantly lower in collapse scars but likely did not limit recruitment. Biological and environmental factors mediating these life history transitions also differed in relative importance, and interactions among them tended to amplify recruitment limitation. Seedling survival was most strongly controlled by fast-growing mosses in wet microsites but also was influenced by apparent drowning in wet plots, herbivory, and loss of foliage caused by a fungal pathogen. Seedling growth was strongly controlled by water table depth, nutrient and competition levels, and fungal pathogens. Multiple, interacting factors will affect P. mariana establishment in boreal peatlands during climate warming. Generalizations about recruitment relying on few environmental gradients sensitive to climate change, such as water table, may therefore not fully capture the complexities of establishment.
Contemporary Theories of Deviance and Female Delinquency: an Empirical Test

A statewide sample of Iowa teenagers was used to test two hypotheses: (1) The strength of the relationship between the independent variables of traditional theories of criminal deviance and self-reported delinquency would be approximately the same for both males and females, and (2) the differences between the sexes in terms of self-reported delinquency could be accounted for by females' less adverse location in relation to these various independent variables. An attempt was made to operationalize key variables from anomie, labeling, control, and differential association theories. The two hypotheses were largely supported.
Hydroxydialkylamino Cruciforms: Amphoteric Materials with Unique Photophysical Properties

Two amphoteric cruciforms 6 and 7 (XF; 4,4'-[(1E,1'E)-(2,5-bis{[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]ethynyl}-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl)]diphenol, 4,4'-[{2,5-bis[(E)-4-(dibutylamino)styryl]-1,4-phenylene}bis(ethyne-2,1-diyl)]diphenol) were prepared by a Horner reaction followed by a Sonogashira coupling and subsequent deprotection. The XFs display significant changes in absorption and emission when exposed to trifluoroacetic acid, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and metal triflates. The substitution pattern of 6 and 7 leads to spatial separation of the frontier molecular orbitals, which allows the HOMO or LUMO of the XF to be addressed independently by acidic or basic agents. XF 6, which has hydroxyl groups on the styryl axis, displays changes in emission color upon exposure to ten amines in eight different solvents. The change in fluorescence upon the addition of amines was analyzed by linear discriminant analysis. These XFs may have potential in sensor applications for metal cations and amines.
Differentiation of Axonal Membrane Systems, the Axolemma, and the Axoplasmic Matrix

In this chapter we will discuss the interactions between axonal membrane systems and the “microtrabecular lattice” (MTL). In order to do this a brief review of some relatively new but fundamental observations on the membrane systems within myelinated axons is needed.
Structuring flexibility: the potential good, bad and ugly in standardisation of handovers

Few strategies routinely used during shift change handovers in high-reliability organisations (HROs) are used in healthcare.1 The findings from the paper in this issue by Borowitz et al 2 ( see page 6 ) add to the growing empirical evidence that patient handovers in all healthcare settings are highly variable in content and process. Similar to other highly respected healthcare researchers, the authors recommend reducing this variability, in this case by standardising sign-out protocols. However, similar to other human factors researchers, I am concerned about the potential unintended consequences from this well-intentioned approach. A natural experiment is already underway in the USA to standardise patient handovers. This experiment will likely be shaped by these repeating patterns from human factors research in complex socio-technical settings: In the context of handover standardisation for patient care, this natural experiment is predicted to have positive impacts as well as negative, unintended consequences—in other words, the good, the bad, and the ugly. Communication is required to safely transfer responsibility and authority for patient care during a handover. Standardisation reduces the cost of communication because:
DSAC - Dynamic, Single Actuated Climber: Local stability and bifurcations

This paper investigates a novel mechanism, called DSAC for Dynamic, Single Actuated Climber, which propels itself upwards by oscillating its leg in a symmetric fashion using a single actuator. This mechanism achieves dynamic, vertical motion while retaining simplicity in design and control. We explore the local orbital stability of the DSAC mechanism. We use the Poincare map method with a well chosen Poincare section to simplify the problem by reducing the dimension of the Poincare map to 3-dimensions. We find the stable regions while varying the controls input and some of the mechanism's parameters. Moreover, in response to a continuous change in a parameter of the mechanism, the symmetric and steady stable gait of the mechanism gradually evolves through a regime of period doubling bifurcations.
Modeling and Analyzing Cultural Influences on Project Team Performance

Research on international joint ventures (IJV) finds managers experience difficulties in working with cross-cultural teams. Our research aims to understand how cultural differences between Japanese and American firms in IJV projects effect team performance through computational experimentation. We characterize culture and cultural differences using two dimensions: practices and values.Practices refer to each culture's typical organization style, such as centralization of authority, formalization of communication, and depth of organizational hierarchy. Values refer to workers' preferences in making task execution and coordination decisions. These preferences drive specific micro-level behavior patterns for individual workers. Previous research has documented distinctive organization styles and micro-level behavior patterns for different nations. We use a computational experimental design that sets task complexityat four levels and team experience independently at three levels, yielding twelve organizational contexts. We then simulate the four possible combinations of USvs.Japanese organization style and individual behavior in each context to predict work volume, cost, schedule andprocess quality outcomes. Simulation results predict that: (1) both Japanese and American teams show better performance across all contexts when each works with its familiar organization style; (2) the Japanese organization style performs better under high task complexity, with low team experience; and (3) process quality risk is not significantly affected by organization styles. In addition, culturally driven behavior patterns have less impact on project outcomes than organization styles. Our simulation results are qualitatively consistent with both organizational and cultural contingency theory, and with limited observations of US-Japanese IJV project teams.
Commentary on Section 3: Research on Teachers’ Focusing on Children’s Thinking in Learning to Teach: Teacher Noticing and Learning Trajectories

This commentary reviews the four chapters in this section on tools and techniques to support teacher learning. By focusing on students’ mathematical thinking, the authors of these four chapters studied the complexities associated with preparing prospective teachers to teach, and supporting practicing teachers in making the kind of changes that will lead to ambitious teaching. Each of the four chapters is briefly summarized and is placed within the literature on decomposition of practice. Authors of three of the chapters place their studies in the context of mathematics teacher noticing children’s mathematical thinking, and the author of the fourth chapter studies the effect of learning trajectories on teachers’ learning. The contributions made by each study to the literature are highlighted, and suggestions for moving the field forward are presented.
Factors Related to Adherence to Statin Therapy

Background:Retrospective database analyses have revealed that 50% of patients receiving statins discontinue therapy after one year of treatment. Typically, these data do not focus on patient-specific reasons for discontinuation.Objective:To examine the reasons that patients discontinue statins and compare the patient and clinical factors of those who do and do not discontinue therapy.Methods:All patients with a new statin prescription between January 1, 2004, and March 31, 2004, were identified through pharmacy claims. Patients who had discontinued and continued statin therapy were identified. Medical records were reviewed to determine whether there were documented reasons for statin discontinuation. Subsequently, telephone surveys addressing statin knowledge, relationships, communication with healthcare providers, and general health status were conducted.Results:At one year, 47.5% (n = 671) of patients had obtained fewer than 80% of the refills of their prescribed statin. We reviewed 435 medical records ...
Closed-form bases for the description of monochromatic, strongly focused, electromagnetic fields

A procedure is proposed for generating rigorous closed-form orthonormal bases for the expansion of strongly focused (high-numerical-aperture), monochromatic, electromagnetic fields. The performance of three such bases is tested in terms of a parameter that determines their directional spread, for several truncation orders. Simple example fields corresponding to beams with differing polarizations focused by a thin lens are expanded in terms of these bases.
Treatment and Management Outcomes of Tibial Eminence Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background:Tibial eminence fractures are rare but occur more frequently in children and adolescents. There are a variety of methods to surgically treat these fractures, but surgeons disagree about the optimal method of reduction and fixation.Hypotheses:Regarding clinical results and complications after treatment in children and adolescent patients with tibial eminence fractures, the authors hypothesize that (1) there is no difference between reduction and fixation with screws versus sutures, (2) there is no difference in arthroscopic versus open reduction and fixation, and (3) outcomes are better in patients with minimally displaced (types I and II) versus completely displaced (types III and IV) fractures.Study Design:Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:A systematic review of the literature was performed studying the treatment of tibial eminence fractures in children and adolescents to determine clinical results, functional outcomes, and complications. A meta-analytic technique on observationa...
GTP: group transport protocol for lambda-Grids

The notion of lambda-Grids posits plentiful collections of computing and storage resources richly interconnected by dedicated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical paths. In lambda-Grids, the DWDM links form a network with plentiful bandwidth, pushing contention and sharing bottlenecks to the end systems (or their network links) and motivating the group transport protocol (GTP). GTP features a request-response data transfer model, rate-based explicit flow control, and more importantly, receiver-centric max-min fair rate allocation across multiple flows to support multipoint-to-point data movement. Our studies show that GTP performs as well as other UDP based aggressive transport protocols (e.g. RBUDP, SABUL) for single flows, and when converging flows (from multiple senders to one receiver) are introduced, GTP achieves both high throughput and much lower loss rates than others. This superior performance is due to new techniques in GTP for managing end system contention.
Assessment of Physical Function in Aging Rodents: A Strategy for Improving Preclinical Testing

Geriatric medicine has recently focused on the biological mechanisms contributing to disability in the activities of daily living (ADLs), with special emphasis given to the study of sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass. Explaining the etiology of sarcopenia may provide useful information for the development of targeted interventions, especially those that are pharmacological in nature. However, exploratory studies aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of a particular intervention are costly and time consuming in a clinical setting. Therefore there is a need for preclinical testing of the efficacy of pharmacotherapies. This review provides (1) example of factors that contribute to the incidence of disability; (2) the conceptualization of a widely accepted human model of disability applied to an animal model; and (3) information on the potential advantages that may be realized from such translational research.
Wilms' tumor 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be expanded from adult donors and cord blood.

Abstract The use of WT1-specific CTL is one potential strategy to treat leukemic relapse following allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT). Previous studies have largely focused on generating WT1-CTL from adult donors by cloning. We demonstrate that WT1-CTL can be generated from healthy adult donors and from cord blood by stimulating with an overlapping pool of peptides derived from full length WT1 and selecting antigen-specific cells based on the expression of CD137. The rapid expansion with anti-CD3 and IL-2 resulted in a 100–200-fold expansion. These CTL lysed WT1 expressing targets, including leukemia lines, in a HLA restricted manner.
On the validity of hypothesis testing for feasibility of image reconstructions

Feasible images have been defined as those images that could have generated the original data by the statistical process that governs the measurement. In the case of emission tomography, the statistical process of emission is Poisson and it is known that feasible images resulting from the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and Bayesian methods with entropy priors can be of high quality. Tests for feasibility have been described that are based on one critical assumption: the image that is being tested is independent of the data, even though the reconstruction algorithm has used those data in order to obtain the image. This fact could render the procedure unacceptable unless it is shown that its effects on the results of the tests are negligible. Experimental evidence is presented showing that images reconstructed by the MLE and stopped before convergence do indeed behave as if independent of the data. The results justify the use of hypothesis testing in practice, although they leave the problem of analytical proof still open. >
Characteristics of AP bias in spin valve memory elements

Spin valve memory element biased with a pair of antiparallel (AP) coupled ferromagnetic layer was analyzed and modeled via micromagnetic simulation. In an AP structure, an external field results in a torque, causing the antiparallel magnetization (AP) axis to rotate towards the direction orthogonal to the field. In addition, due to its strength difference between the two AP layers, the magnetostatic field from the free layer of the spin valve can lead to irreversible AP axis flipping. This irreversible flipping can be effectively prevented by applying an AF/F exchange pinning to one of the AP layers to overcome the differential field from the free layer.
Skin as a biologic dosimeter.

5 l n a rather terse, focused study presented in this issue, Mizoe nd colleagues document tissue and cancer dose tolerance arameters resulting from a strict and well monitored dose scalation protocol using carbon ion beam therapy in a Phase /II clinical trial (1). Patients with locally advanced, late-stage ead-and-neck cancer, for whom conventional surgical, radiaion, and chemotherapy protocols were not indicated, were reated by carbon-ion radiation treatment to determine the olerance and dose response of the normal tissues and their ancers. This straightforward empirical technique recapitulates he early history of clinical radiation therapy using skin and ucosa as biologic dosimeters. The investigators studied two groups of patients, both of hich received several dose schedules. One group (17 paients, five schedules) received total doses ranging from 8.6 to 70.2 GyE in 18 fractions; the other group (19 atients, three schedules) received total doses ranging from 2.8 to 64 GyE in 16 fractions. These schedules demontrated equal clinical morbidity and local control; epithelial eactions were minimal. Some of us recall the efforts of the early clinicians to efine the dose tolerance and time-dose schedule limits of heir therapy efforts. In France and Germany and elsewhere, ingle-dose fractions were evaluated and often repeated fter “a local recurrence” spoiled what was taken to be an nitial favorable response. In 1921 and later, Regaud, Hauant, and Coutard started to treat carcinoma of the larynx ith fractionated daily schedules (2). The intent was to eliver the total dose in 8–10 days; that is, before the “skin eaction” stayed their program. Later, Coutard published a andmark paper in English; he indicated how the cycles of kin reaction could be repressed by limiting the treatment requency and exposure (3). This suppressive technique ecame the focus of the Baclesse technique of irradiating a eld two to three times per week over 3 months, which did ot produce a skin reaction. This schedule was used for a ime; however, the late effects that did appear, 5 or more ears later, were unacceptable. One cannot ignore the “erythema dose” popular in this
Dual diversity combining and equalization for indoor radio channels

The data rate and performance of digital transmission systems operating over indoor radio channels are limited by the frequency selective fading in the channel. Appropriate combinations of diversity, modulation, equalization, coding, and spreading techniques can be used to mitigate the effects of frequency selective fading and improve throughput and performance. A dual diversity combining and equalization scheme for high data rate transmission over indoor radio channels is presented. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using discrete multipath models for line of sight and obstructed topography indoor radio channels. >
Advanced Motion Correction Methods in PET

With the arrival of increasingly higher resolution PET systems, small amounts of motion can cause significant blurring in the images, compared to the intrinsic resolutions of the scanners. In this work, we have reviewed advanced correction methods for the three cases of (i) unwanted patient motion, as well as motions due to (ii) cardiac and (iii) respiratory cycles. For the first type of motion (most often studies in PET brain imaging), conventional motion-correction algorithms have relied on extraction of the motion information from the emission data itself. However, the accuracy of motion compensation in this approach is degraded by the noisy nature of the emission data. Subsequently, advanced methods, as reviewed in this work, make use of external real-time measurements of motion. Various image-based and projection-based correction methods have been discussed and compared. The paper also reviews recent and novel applications that perform corrections for cardiac and respiratory motions. Unlike conventional gating schemes, in which the cardiac and respiratory gated frames are independently reconstructed (resulting in noisy images), the reviewed methods are seen to follow a common trend of seeking to produce images of higher quality by making collective use of all the gated frames (and the estimated motion). As an observation, a general theme in motion-correction methods is seen to be the use of increasingly sophisticated software to make use of existing advanced hardware. In this sense, this field is very open to future novel ideas (hardware, and especially software) aimed at improving motion detection, characterization and compensation.
Mining heart disease risk factors in clinical text with named entity recognition and distributional semantic models

Force-directed graph of diabetes mellitus and cad concepts extracted with distributional semantic model.Display Omitted NLP system to identify heart disease risk factors in diabetic patients over time.Employ named entity recognition, Bayesian statistics, and rule logic.Introduce distributional semantic model for characterizing contextual evidence.Distributional semantic model improves precision by 10.3% without use of lexicons. We present the design, and analyze the performance of a multi-stage natural language processing system employing named entity recognition, Bayesian statistics, and rule logic to identify and characterize heart disease risk factor events in diabetic patients over time. The system was originally developed for the 2014 i2b2 Challenges in Natural Language in Clinical Data. The system's strengths included a high level of accuracy for identifying named entities associated with heart disease risk factor events. The system's primary weakness was due to inaccuracies when characterizing the attributes of some events. For example, determining the relative time of an event with respect to the record date, whether an event is attributable to the patient's history or the patient's family history, and differentiating between current and prior smoking status. We believe these inaccuracies were due in large part to the lack of an effective approach for integrating context into our event detection model. To address these inaccuracies, we explore the addition of a distributional semantic model for characterizing contextual evidence of heart disease risk factor events. Using this semantic model, we raise our initial 2014 i2b2 Challenges in Natural Language of Clinical data F1 score of 0.838 to 0.890 and increased precision by 10.3% without use of any lexicons that might bias our results.
A Measure for Integration and Its Application to Sensor Networks

Systems are often designed in order to integrate various subsystems. While system designers have a tacit understanding of what integration is, the concept is difficult to formalize. In this paper we propose a measure of integration. In the case of pairwise integration, we suggest a function of the time to communicate information, which is related to latency. Considering integration across many subsystems in a network, we describe a measure of overall network utility, a sum of an exponential function of pairwise time-to-communicate measurements. This allows a measure of the integration of already integrated subsystems; this function is also consistent at the limit with Metcalfe’s law. We consider the application of this measure to the integration of sensor networks. We suggest how the idea might be applied to higher level systems.
Identity variability and the printed portrait: Forty Fridas and the combination of woodcut and drypoint

Ellen Heck's figurative prints and portrait portfolios combine woodcut and intaglio to create narrative compositions. Her Forty Fridas portfolio (2012), a series of portraits depicting women and girls posing as painter/icon Frida Kahlo, was selected as the winner of the Victoria & Albert Prize at the International Print Biennale in 2014. She discusses the development of her process, the influence of Mary Cassatt's color etchings, and the way in which she has continued to use combined techniques to create a body of work that focuses primarily on human identity, its creation, variability, and change.
Metal-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operated at 400~600{degree sign}C

Metal-supported SOFCs potentially offer many advantages compared to conventional technology, such as low operating temperatures, reduced cost, and increased reliability. They are also a promising choice for applications that require quick start-up, good stability against thermal cycles and mechanical shock resistance such as Auxiliary Power Units (APU) for the automotive industry. The National Research Council of Canada's Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (NRC-IFCI) has been working on the development of metal supported SOFCs since 2004. In this paper, a metal-supported SOFC with a samarium doped ceria (SDC)/scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) bilayer electrolyte was fabricated by a combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and wet chemistry processing. The cell performance and aging characteristics were analyzed by AC impedance spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements during operation in the temperature range from 400oC to 600oC. The power generation characteristics at low temperatures of this metal- supported SOFC will be beneficial for quick start-up and is expected to alleviate the performance deterioration. These results at such an early stage of research is very promising for the future development of this technology.
Validation of a model of family caregiver communication types and related caregiver outcomes.

Objective: Caring for the family is included as one of the eight domains of quality palliative care, calling attention to the importance of the family system and family communications about cancer during care and treatment of the disease. Previously, a model of family caregiver communication defined four caregiver communication types—Manager, Carrier, Partner, Lone—each with a unique communication pattern. The purpose of the present study was to extend the model of family caregiver communication in cancer care to further understand the impact of family communication burden on caregiving outcomes. Method: This mixed-method study employed fieldnotes from a family caregiver intervention focused on quality of life and self-reported caregiver communication items to identify a specific family caregiver type. Caregiver types were then analyzed using outcome measures on psychological distress, skills preparedness, family inventory of needs, and quality-of-life domains. Results: Corroboration between fieldnotes and self-reported communication for caregivers (n = 21, 16 women, mean age of 53 years) revealed a definitive classification of the four caregiver types (Manager = 6, Carrier = 5, Partner = 6, Lone = 4). Mean scores on self-reported communication items documented different communication patterns congruent with the theoretical framework of the model. Variation in caregiver outcomes measures confirmed the model of family caregiver communication types. Partner and Lone caregivers reported the lowest psychological distress, with Carrier caregivers feeling least prepared and Manager caregivers reporting the lowest physical quality of life. Significance of results: This study illustrates the impact of family communication on caregiving and increases our knowledge and understanding about the role of communication in caregiver burden. The research provides the first evidence-based validation for a family caregiver communication typology and its relationship to caregiver outcomes. Future research is needed to develop and test interventions that target specific caregiver types.
Reagent Strip Testing: Blood Glucose Error in a Teaching Hospital

Blood glucose monitoring with reagent strip methods has been used in our 330-bed teaching hospital. Concern about the accuracy of testing results, reported by the Diabetes Clinical Nurse Specialists, prompted a collaborative study by the Division of Nursing and the Clinical Pathology Department. Comparison of paired capillary and venous glucose results obtained with reagent strip methods by nurses on four hospital units with laboratory analyses demonstrated an average difference that exceeded acceptable clinical standards. Most reagent strip determinations differed by more than 10% from the laboratory determined value. The greatest variance occurred with glucose concentrations greater than 240 mg/dL (13.2 mmole L). Differences in variability on particular nursing units could be partially explained by the use of a meter rather than reading by eye, the level of staff skills, and the average level of blood glucose in their patient populations.
Memory Bandwidth Extension through Tri-Level Signaling

A DDR-compatible signaling scheme is presented to increase memory bandwidth while accommodating the limitations of the DRAM transistor. Key features of the proposal include the addition of a third signal level between VOH and VOL, and an encoding scheme which maps three binary inputs into a pair of tri-level signals for transmission. The mapping of three bits to two pins increases per-pin bandwidth by 50% without increasing the clock frequency, which relaxes the demand on the DRAM transistor and data capture timing while reducing AC power.
Dielectric Loss Factor of High Voltage Capacitive Apparatus Measurement Based on DSP

Dielectric loss factor(tanδ) is a very important parameter which can reflect the insulating condition of high voltage capacitive apparatus in power systems.By measuring tanδ,the insulation moistened,deterioration and local defects of the power equipments can be found to ensure the safe operation of power system.In this paper the principle of dielectric loss factor measurement is introduced,and the hardware of the system based on TMS320F2812 is designed,including the units of signal sensing,conditioning,acquisition and calibration.The measuring results show that the designed hardware system and algorithm have the advantages of high tanδ measuring accuracy and high anti-interference ability.
Urbanism and Happiness: A Test of Wirth’s Theory of Urban Life

Social scientists have long studied the effects of cities on human wellbeing and happiness. This article demonstrates that people in cities are less happy, confirming a long-standing argument in th...
Regulatory Implications of Environmental Simulation

Our ability to simulate physical environments has advanced rapidly in recent years. These advances have been hailed as means to enhance the fit between people and environments because better simulation should improve our ability to anticipate the effects of choosing one design option over others. Although this is intuitively desirable, we should be aware that improved simulation may also have undesirable effects. This chapter briefly describes the new simulation technologies and identifies several of the adverse effects that may arise from introducing environmental simulation into the processes by which we regulate community development.
Research on unit commitment with large-scale wind power connected power system

Large-scale integration of wind power generators into power grid brings severe challenges to power system economic dispatch due to its stochastic volatility. Unit commitment including wind farm is analyzed from the two parts of modeling and solving methods. The structures and characteristics can be summarized after classification has been done according to different objective function and constraints. Finally, the issues to be solved and possible directions of research and development in the future are discussed, which can adapt to the requirements of the electricity market, energy-saving power generation dispatching and smart grid, even providing reference for research and practice of researchers and workers in this field.
Care Innovations: Sharing Practical Care Delivery Tools and Discoveries.

Advances in medical and surgical treatment have redefined the way patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are diagnosed and treated. Unfortunately, the personal, economical, and societal toll of CVD remains staggering1 and requires increased efforts to find innovative ways to care for patients and families with CVD, including novel approaches to prevent and manage CVD and risk. Innovation in health care is conceptualized as a process of change or transformation, characterized by creativity and original thinking that has the potential to redefine healthcare’s economic and social potential.2 In the care of patients and families with CVD, innovation encompasses thinking outside the box to advance new ideas to improve quality, enhance patient experience, and reduce costs. In fact, Medicare and many commercial insurers are demanding it. Yet, the practical care delivery tools for clinicians, …
Humanizing folk devils using ethnography

The sociological concepts of the “moral panic” and the deviant “folk devil” apply to the drug panics in the United States over methamphetamine, heroin, and crack cocaine. Mothers or pregnant women ...
A broker based scheme for spectrum sharing

In this paper, we present a broker based scheme for spectrum sharing to address the ever increasing need for efficient spectrum utilization. We discuss a descriptor language by which to represent requests for spectrum usage. And, we outline a proof-of-concept demonstration of the broker operation on real hardware.
The relationship between teacher immediacy, perceptions of learning, and computer-mediated graduate course outcomes among primarily Asian international students enrolled in an U.S. university

This study employed a correlational research design to determine if a relationship existed between international students’ perceptions of teacher immediacy and students’ end of course grades in computer-mediated, U.S. graduate courses. Analysis demonstrated a statistically significant negative relationship between teacher immediacy and end of course grades, thus indicating that higher scores on the teacher immediacy scale relate to lower end of course grades. These findings are contrary to previous research findings with U.S. students engaging in computer-mediated courses, thus demonstrating the unique characteristics and needs of international students. Findings hold important implications to the design and delivery of graduate level courses for the international student population and reiterate the need for further investigation regarding the international student experience in U.S. higher education.
[Individual significance and growing complexity: contributions of Sigmund Freud and René Spitz to developmental psychology].

Contributions of Sigmund Freud and Rene Spitz to developmental psychology are presented in terms of today's research. The work of each of these pioneers draws our attention to the need for increasing our knowledge about the meaning of individual experience and increasing complexity in the course of development. Freud's contribution to today's developmental thinking is reviewed in terms of his observations of play, his schematic perspectives on developmental processes, and his innovative theoretical approaches involving nonconscious mental activity in the context of constructivism. Spitz's contribution to today's thinking is reviewed according to a similar array of topics. These include his observational assessments of infants, his schematic perspectives on developmental processes, and his innovative theoretical approaches involving affective communications in the context of caregiving.
METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION AND LOCALIZATION IN QUASICRYSTALLINE AL70.5PD21RE8.5-XMNX ALLOYS

Metal-insulator transition was observed in icosahedral quasicrystals ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70.5}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{21}$${\mathrm{Re}}_{8.5\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$ as x changed from 5 to 0. It was found that conductivity data of the insulating samples (x\ensuremath{\leqslant}3.5) could be analyzed in terms of variable range hopping, i.e., \ensuremath{\sigma}=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{0}$ exp[-(${\mathit{T}}_{0}$/T${)}^{\mathit{p}}$], with p=1/2 for x=2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 and p=1/4 for x=0, over the temperature range from 0.45 to 10 K. The localization length was found to be of the order of intercluster distance in the quasicrystalline structure. At decreasing x, magnetoresistance (MR) was found to change smoothly from weak-localization behavior in the metallic regime to anomalous features in the insulating regime which are distinctly different from those seen in other well-studied insulators. The persistence of positive MR in insulating ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70.5}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{21}$${\mathrm{Re}}_{8.5\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathit{x}}$ alloys suggests that the backscattering effect plays an important role for localized states in quasicrystalline materials. Specific heat measurement on the insulating x=2 sample yielded \ensuremath{\gamma}=0.38 mJ/g atom ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$, and carrier density was found to be \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ at 4.2 K from Hall effect measurement, which are at least as large as those of metallic Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals. The finding of spatially localized states in quasiperiodic alloys cannot be explained satisfactorily by existing theories. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Effects of Input Shaping on Impact Loads During Collisions Involving Flexible Robots

Collaborative robots are designed to work autonomously with little to no guidance and interact with humans in a shared workspace. Such applications pose safety concerns for the human. In recent years, the design and control of soft robotics in shared environments has received increasing attention due to their inherent flexibility and improved safety characteristics. Because co-robots work among humans, they must produce low impact forces upon collision with the human body. To design effective compliant robots, impact forces must be understood. Cranes can be considered as simple flexible robot arms. The flexible arm consists of the vertical suspension cables and the attached payload. This pendulum can have significant swing. To simulate impact effects between this flexible robot arm and the human body, a complaint arm model was constructed. The effect of input shaping on impact loads was then evaluated.
Gerard Aching, Freedom from Liberation: Slavery, Sentiment, and Literature in Cuba. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015.

La esclavitud ha sido un tema que ha marcado la formacion de America desde la llegada de Cristobal Colon. No hay duda alguna que cada una de las naciones que conforman el continente se ha visto impactada de una u otra forma por las secuelas de la esclavitud. En el caso particular de Cuba, este proceso de esclavitud y emancipacion fue largo y tormentoso. Para comprender el contexto de este libro es necesario reconocer las figuras que toman parte en este sistema economico-social: los esclavos, los reformistas, y los abolicionistas. En el mundo academico, se ha estudiado la esclavitud y
Comparing anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of major medical illnesses and somatic symptoms.

Objective Anxiety and depression predict poor physical health longitudinally, but are neglected in primary care settings compared to other risk factors such as obesity and smoking. Further, anxiety has been less commonly studied than depression, and whether anxiety has unique predictive effects for physical health is unknown. We compared anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as predictors of physical health indices and examined unique predictive effects of anxiety and depression. Method Using data from the Health and Retirement study, a US population-based cohort study of older adults, we tested longitudinal associations of anxiety and depression symptoms with onset of self-reported physical health indices (N = 15,418; M age = 68). Medical illnesses (heart disease, stroke, arthritis, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cancer) and somatic symptoms (stomach problems, shortness of breath, dizziness, back pain, headache, pain, and eyesight difficulties) were assessed on two occasions over four years. Anxiety and depression were measured at the initial time point and tested as predictors of medical illness and somatic symptom onset. Results Anxiety and depression symptoms predicted greater incidence of nearly all medical illnesses and somatic symptoms. Effects were as strong as or stronger than those of obesity and smoking, and anxiety and depression independently increased risk for most physical health indices assessed. Conclusions Findings suggest that anxiety and depression are as strongly predictive of poor future physical health as obesity and smoking and that anxiety is independently linked to poor physical health. Greater attention should be paid towards these conditions in primary care. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Traveling-wave meets standing-wave: A simulation study using pair-of-transverse-dipole-ring (PTDR) coils for adjustable longitudinal coverage in ultra-high field MRI.

1.At ultrahigh fields (B 0 ≥7T), it is challenging to cover a large field of view using single-row conventional RF coils (standing wave resonators) due to the limited physical dimensions. In contrast, traveling wave approaches can excite large fields of view even using a relatively simple hardware setup, but suffer from poor efficiency and high local specific absorption rate in non-imaged regions. In this study, we propose and numerically analyze a new coil which combines the concept of traveling wave and standing wave. The new coil consists of a Pair of Transverse Dipole Rings (PTDR) whose separation is adjusted according to the desired imaging coverage. The PTDR coil was validated using electromagnetic (EM) simulations in phantoms and human leg models, which showed that coverage can be as long as 60 cm. When the coverage of the PTDR coil was shortened to 20 cm to cover the knees only, it's transmit and SAR efficiencies were 84% and 37% higher than those of the 50 cm coverage, respectively.
Periprocedural Neuroendovascular Antiplatelet Strategies for Thrombosis Prevention in Clopidogrel‐Hyporesponsive Patients

Patients undergoing neuroendovascular procedures such as cerebral aneurysm coiling and intracranial stent deployment are frequently treated with antiplatelet agents to prevent thrombotic complications. The combination of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor such as clopidogrel is often initiated days before elective procedures or as loading doses for emergent procedures; however, some patients may still experience thrombotic complications. Patients identified as clopidogrel hyporesponders are more likely to experience poor outcomes and may require changes to their regimens. Historically, high-dose clopidogrel regimens were used in response to subtherapeutic results of platelet function assays and point-of-care testing despite limited supporting data. Recently, more data have emerged using alternative P2Y12 inhibitors such as prasugrel and ticagrelor. Dosing for neuroendovascular conditions is often extrapolated from the cardiac literature, although outcomes in cardiac patients may not be relevant to neurologic patients, making prophylactic treatment recommendations challenging for these patients. This review summarizes the literature for antiplatelet prophylaxis in patients undergoing neuroendovascular device placement, focusing on alternative regimens for clopidogrel hyporesponders.
Evaluating growth failure with diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma treated with high-dose cis-retinoic acid

The survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma has increased with multimodal therapy, but most survivors demonstrate growth failure. To assess physeal abnormalities in children with high-risk neuroblastoma in comparison to normal controls by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the distal femoral physis and adjacent metaphysis. We prospectively obtained physeal DTI at 3.0 T in 20 subjects (mean age: 12.4 years, 7 females) with high-risk neuroblastoma treated with high-dose cis-retinoic acid, and 20 age- and gender-matched controls. We compared fractional anisotropy (FA), normalized tract volume (cm3/cm2) and tract concentration (tracts/cm2) between the groups, in relation to height Z-score and response to growth hormone therapy. Tractography images were evaluated qualitatively. DTI parameters were significantly lower in high-risk neuroblastoma survivors compared to controls (P 0.31; P<0.001). Qualitatively, tracts were nearly absent in all non-responders to growth hormone and abundant in all responders (P=0.02). DTI shows physeal abnormalities that correlate with short stature in high-risk neuroblastoma survivors and demonstrates response to growth hormone treatment.
High-pressure deformation and amorphization in boron carbide

Icosahedral boron-rich solids fall second in hardness to diamondlike structures and have been the subject of intense investigations over the past two decades, as they possess low density, high thermal, and mechanical stability at high temperatures, and superior industrial manufacturability. A common deleterious feature called “presssure-induced amorphization,” limits their performance in high-velocity projectile applications. This article discusses spectral characteristics of amorphized states of boron carbide, a common icosahedral boron-rich ceramic, with the goal of understanding the mechanistic layout of pressure-induced amorphization. Mystery has surrounded the appearance of new peaks in Raman spectrum of pressure-induced amorphized boron carbide, but to date, no convincing explanation exists on their origin. Shock studies of boron carbide have proposed phase transformation at high pressures, but to date, no conclusive evidence has been corroborative to prove the existence of new high-pressure phases. We propose a new rationale toward deciphering the amorphization phenomenon in boron carbide centered on a thermodynamic approach to explain atomic interactions in amorphous islands. Quantum mechanical simulations are utilized to understand the impact of stresses on Raman spectra, while results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of volumetric compression are used to understand thermodynamic aspects of amorphization. Atomic-level nonbonded interactions from the MD potential are utilized to demonstrate origins of the residual pressure. Combining these efforts, the present study deciphers the connection between deformation behavior of boron carbide at high pressure and its mysterious amorphous Raman spectrum. The approach highlights the importance of meticulously incorporating multiscale modeling considerations in determining accurate material behavior of ultrahard materials.
An Aristotelian paradox: Wollstonecraft and the implications of marriage as friendship

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that Mary Wollstonecraft interprets marriage in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman as a relationship reminiscent of Aristotelian higher friendship. This position present...