cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring emotion socialization in schools.

BACKGROUND: Understanding how school personnel can best support students' development of communication skills around feelings is critical to long-term health outcomes. The measurement of emotion socialization in schools facilitates future research in this area; we review existing measures of emotion socialization to assess their applicability to school-based health studies. METHODS: A content analysis of four emotion socialization measures was conducted. Inclusion criteria included: high frequency of use in prior research, established documentation of validity and reliability, and sufficient description of measurement procedures. RESULTS: Four dimensions emerged as particularly salient to a measure's future relevance and applicability to school-based health studies: (1) methods of measurement; (2) mode and agent of socialization; (3) type of emotion; and (4) structure versus function of socializing behavior. CONCLUSION: Future measurement strategies should address (1) the structures of emotion socializing processes; (2) diverse socializing agents such as teachers, peers, and administrators; (3) the intended functions of such processes; (4) student perceptions of and responses to such processes; and (5) the complex interactions of these factors across contexts. Strategies attending to these components will permit future studies of school-based emotion socializing processes to determine how they enhance health and reduce health risks. Language: en
A MONTE CARLO METHOD FOR PERFORMING DIFFICULT GEOMETRY SOLID ANGLE CORRECTIONS.

Abstract A general prescription for calculating by means of a Monte Carlo technique the solid angle corrections for finite source, finite detector and non trivial relative geometry situation has been outlined. A specific application of this technique will be presented.
A mechanistic model of Coal-Water Fuel Combustion

The various stages of combustion of coal-water fuels (CWF) (formulated from bituminous coals) such as drying, pyrolysis and char burning were studied in an experimental-theoretical investigation. Measurements were made in a 1.5 MW CWF turbulent diffusion flame to determine the spatial distributions of gas velocity, temperature, and gaseous species concentrations. Particulate samples, collected at several axial stations in the flame, were analyzed for their size distribution, density, and mass fractions of the residual volatile and ash. This formed the basis for the development of a mechanistic model to describe the transformations of a CWF droplet in the flame. A mathematical model which quantitatively predicts the changing properties of the CWF droplet was used to compute the progress of combustion of three particle size ranges, for the measured temperature and oxygen concentration distribution in the experimental flame. The model follows the regression of a drying interface in the droplet, and describes quantitatively the heating of the already dry outer shell while the interstitial water from the core is still evaporating. For calculations of particle heatup and pyrolysis, the particle specific heat is varied with temperature in the range 1200 to 2500 J /(kg K). The initial weight of the sampled particles is back-calculated from their physical and chemical analyses. Model predictions are compared with the progress of combustion of flame samples (adjusted for the varying initial weight) of the same size range in two regions. Close to the burner, where CWF particles are mainly evaporating and devolatilizing, attention is focussed on the smaller particle sizes (53–75 μm, 75–90 μm and 106–125 μm) which constitute the bulk of the sample in that zone. In the tail end region of the flame, char burnout of the larger particle sizes (150–180 μm, 180–212 μm and 212–250 μm) is considered.
Simulation of SiC Deposition in a Fiber Coating CVD Reactor

Abstract A simulation was carried out to study the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of SiC on a thin cylindrical substrate in a hot wall reactor. The results of this simulation are expected to apply to the process of fiber coating for interface control in fiber reinforced composites. The reactant in this study is methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3) in a background of hydrogen. The simulation was carried out using a commercial code (FLUENT). The simulation results compared well with experimental data from a hot wall reactor. It was determined that the temperature profiles tend to be uniform in the radial direction, and the deposition process is dominated by reaction kinetics.
Characterization of Nontypeable and Atypical Streptococcus pneumoniae Pediatric Isolates from 1994 to 2010

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and acute otitis media in children. Although optochin susceptibility, bile solubility, and Quellung testing are the standards for identifying and differentiating pneumococci, there are several reports of nontypeable pneumococci that give inconsistent results with one or more of these tests. We characterized 52 isolates previously labeled as nontypeable pneumococci. Microbiological methods included repeating the Quellung reaction using a new and expanded group of antisera, optochin susceptibility and bile solubility tests, and automated Vitek 2 identification. Molecular methods included PCR detection of ply and psaA genes, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and pyrosequencing. Of the 52 isolates, 38 (73%) were optochin susceptible, were psaA and ply positive, and could be serotyped by the Quellung reaction. The remaining 14 isolates, isolated from patients with otitis media (n = 6), bacteremia (n = 6), meningitis (n = 1), and pneumonia (n = 1), underwent further analysis. Three of these 14 isolates were nontypeable due to autoagglutination but were pneumococci by all tests and represented pneumococcal sequence types previously recognized by MLST. The 11 remaining isolates were optochin resistant, and 6 of these were bile soluble. Three of 11 were both psaA and ply positive and clustered with pneumococci by MLST (2 were bile soluble); 8 lacked psaA (5 ply positive, 4 bile soluble) and likely belonged to other Streptococcus species. In conclusion, few isolates were truly nontypeable by Quellung reaction, and MLST and the presence of psaA proved useful in distinguishing between atypical pneumococci and other streptococcal species.
Soluble and bound hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in control and wounded oat and barley primary leaves

Abstract The partitioning of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) was determined between the apoplast and symplast of control and wounded six-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa) primary leaves. In controls, from 5% (barley) to 9% (oat) of the total HRGP was soluble or weakly ionically bound within the apoplast, 32% (barley) to 35% (oats) was symplastic and soluble in 50 mH K-Pi buffer, no HRGP was released by extracting washed cell wall preparations with 1 M NaCl, and about 60% of the HRGP was covalently bound to the cell wall in either species. Wounding dicot seedlings normally causes marked HRGP induction; in contrast, wounding barley or oat leaves 24 hr before sampling had no appreciable efrect on HRGP levels or localization, but apoplastic peroxidase activity increased markedly. These results suggest that HRGP may play an important role in dicots, but not in cereals such as oats and barley, as a defensive response to tissue damage.
Properties of La2CuO4 and related compounds

Abstract We review the crystal chemical, electronic, magnetic and superconducting properties of La 2 CuO 4 and related planar-cuprate materials, with emphasis on single-crystal results. Although magnetism due to divalent copper ions clearly is evident in nonsuperconducting crystals, experiments do not reveal any direct relationship between localized copper spins and high temperature superconductivity. We also indicate areas where important information is lacking for our understanding of these materials.
Experience with Speech Communication in Packet Networks

The integration of digital voice with data in a common packet-switched network system offers a number of potential benefits, including reduced systems cost through sharing of switching and transmission resources, flexible internetworking among systems utilizing different transmission media, and enhanced services for users requiring access to both voice and data communications. Issues which it has been necessary to address in order to realize these benefits include reconstitution of speech from packets arriving at nonuniform intervals, maximization of packet speech multiplexing efficiency, and determination of the implementation requirements for terminals and switching in a large-scale packet voice/data system. A series of packet speech systems experiments to address these issues has been conducted under the sponsorship of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). In the initial experiments on the ARPANET, the basic feasibility of speech communication on a store-and-forward packet network was demonstrated. Techniques were developed for reconstitution of speech from packets, and protocols were developed for call setup and for speech transport. Later speech experiments utilizing the Atlantic packet satellite network (SATNET) led to the development of techniques for efficient voice conferencing in a broadcast environment, and for internetting speech between a store-and-forward net (ARPANEI) and a broadcast net (SATNET). Large-scale packet speech multiplexing experiments could not be carried out on ARPANET or SATNET where the network link capacities severely restrict the number of speech users that can be accommodated. However, experiments are currently being carried out using a wide-band satellite-based packet system designed to accommodate a sufficient number of simultaneous users to support realistic experiments in efficient statistical multiplexing. Key developments to date associated with the wide-band experiments have been 1) techniques for internetting via voice/data gateways from a variety of local access networks (packet cable, packet radio, and circuit-switched) to a long-haul broadcast satellite network and 2) compact implementations of packet voice terminals with full protocol and voice capabilities. Basic concepts and issues associated with packet speech systems are described. Requirements and techniques for speech processing, voice protocols, packetization and reconstitution, conferencing, and multiplexing are discussed in the context of a generic packet speech system configuration. Specific experimental configurations and key packet speech results on the ARPANET, SATNET, and wide-band system are reviewed.
Proteasome-mediated Degradation of Tau Proteins Occurs Independently of the Chymotrypsin-Like Activity by a Nonprocessive Pathway

Abstract 20S proteasomes form the proteolytic core of the 26S proteasome responsible for degradation of substrates of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. In addition, 20S proteasomes have themselves been linked to degradation of intracellular proteins. This multienzyme complex expresses three distinct catalytic sites, each with unique substrate specificity. The contribution of these sites to overall proteolysis remains unclear. Also unclear is the kinetic mechanism of degradation. Studies with denatured or covalently modified proteins suggest that degradation is nonprocessive in some cases and processive in others. We sought greater insight into these questions by analyzing degradation of tau proteins and β-casein. Tau proteins were readily degraded by bovine pituitary proteasomes. Degradation yielded large quantities of intermediates, which were more abundant as tau concentration was increased, indicating that degradation occurred by a nonprocessive pathway. Similar findings were observed for degradation of β-casein. Experiments with inhibitors demonstrated that degradation of both full-length tau and the intermediates derived from it was largely dependent on the trypsin-like activity. A combination of inhibitors against the trypsin-like and glutamyl activities almost completely blocked tau degradation, while inhibitors active toward the chymotrypsin-like activity had minimal effects on degradation of tau and intermediates derived from it. These findings are discussed with respect to the contribution of the three catalytic sites to overall intracellular proteolysis, the factors contributing to nonprocessive degradation, and the implications of this type of pathway for intracellular proteolysis.
CLOSENESS COUNTS IN HORSE SHOES, DANCING, AND FORECASTING

On September 10, 2012, immediately following the close of the Democratic Party's national nominating convention and 57 days before Election Day on November 6, my Convention Bump and Economy Model predicted that Barack Obama was likely to receive 51.3% of the national two-party popular vote. The Convention Bump and Economy Model consists of Gallup's preconvention preference poll, the net convention bump in the polls, and an adjusted second quarter GDP growth rate. The forecast pegged the certainty of an Obama plurality at 67%. No sure thing, but more likely than not. The traditional Trial-Heat and Economy Model predicted Obama's vote at 52.0%. The Convention Bump and Economy Model's prediction was the preferred forecast in 2012 because of the lateness of the parties' nominating conventions. Democrats did not even begin their convention until after Labor Day.
Where grammar and interaction meet: A study of co-participant completion in Japanese conversation

This article examines the practice of "co-participant completion" in Japanese conversation, and explores what kinds of resources are mobilized to provide the opportunity to complete another participant's utterance-in-progress. It suggests the following observations as potential characteristics of Japanese co-participant completion: (i) Syntactically-defined two-part formats (e.g. [If X] + [then Y]) may not play as prominent a role as in English; (ii) The majority of cases of co-participant completion take the form of 'terminal item completion;' (iii) Locally emergent structures like 'contrast' and 'list' as well as 'unprojected' features of turn construction often play an important role in enhancing the opportunity for completing another participant's utterance-in-progress. The article then discusses the implications of these findings for the investigation of the mutual bearing of grammar and social interaction. In particular, the discussion focuses on what we can learn from the practice of co-participant completion about how projection of turn-shapes is accomplished in Japanese conversation.
The use of plants in prospecting for gold: A brief overview with a selected bibliography and topic index

Abstract The focal point of this report is a bibliography of 133 references and an associated topic index — both of which could be useful to geochemists attempting to locate new Au deposits. Fifty of these references originated in the Soviet Union, where most of the initial work on biogeochemical exploration for Au had been done. The 15 topics in the index range from agriculture (Au in crop plants) to silver. As an introduction to the bibliography, we have briefly described some examples of applications and difficulties in using plants. These examples are drawn from the literature and from field experience. Because of the generally low Au concentrations found in plants, the analysis of plant tissue is critical to the successful application of the biogeochemical method of prospecting. Neuron activation analysis is the most widely used method to detect Au in plants, due largely to its sensitivity; levels in the parts per billion range are easily attained. Two general types of sampling media are used in prospecting for Au: humus and living plants. Humus has been widely used in Canada, but the sampling of plants has increased there and elsewhere in recent years. Our use of douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) at a Au-bearing stockwork in Idaho is a prime example. A maximum Au concentration of 14 μg/g (ppm) was detected in the wood ash of this coniferous tree, well above the normal concentration of ≈ 0.15 μg/g. Among shrubs that might be useful in Au prospecting, we recommend sagebrush or wormwood (genus Artemisia ), because it is extremely responsive to concealed mineralization. It has been used extensively in the Soviet Union and could be used in areas of the western United States where disseminated Au occurrences might be located. Among the problems one may encounter in using plants for Au prospecting are: (1) physiological barriers, by which many plant species simply do not absorb Au at detectable levels; (2) misconceptions of soil-plant correlations; (3) localization of Au in plant tissue; and (4) the variation of Au concentrations due to season. Despite these limitations, biogeochemical techniques can complement or replace other geochemical methods currently used.
High 2s2np Rydberg series and ionization energy of B I

Abstract We have used double-resonance excitation of a laser-vaporized sample of atomic boron to measure the energies of np Rydberg states from n∼35 to 70, to a precision of ±0.02 cm −1 . The 2s23s state was excited resonantly using light at 249 nm from a frequency-doubled narrowband pulsed dye laser; subsequently, 2s2np Rydberg states were excited using a second frequency-doubled dye laser operating between 375 and 372 nm . Energy calibration of the spectrum was done by comparison to the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of molecular iodine. The Rydberg spectrum was fit to a simple Rydberg formula with excellent agreement, yielding a quantum defect of μ=0.527±0.002 and an ionization energy relative to the 2s23s intermediate state of I (2 s 2 3 s )=26,888.38±0.02 cm −1 . Taken together with the previously determined best value for the energy of the 2s23s state, we determine the ionization energy of the ground state to be 66,928.06±0.03 cm −1 , in agreement with the best previous results, but with an uncertainty which is more than a factor of three smaller.
Synthesis and characterization of M2(EPh3)2(NMe2)4 compounds (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn; M = Mo, W)

Abstract The reaction between M2Cl2(NMe2)4 and LiEPh3 (2 equivalents) (M = W; E = C, Si, Ge, Sn ; M = Mo ; E = Si, Ge, Sn) in toluene/THF at room temperatures produces a precipitate of M2(EPh3)2(NMe2)4 in 35–65% isolated yield. The compounds are air-, water- and light-stable for prolonged periods in the solid state (except when E = C). All are soluble in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and decompose on heating at 161–270°C. They were characterized by IR, UV, mass spectrometry and VT1H NMR. The latter revealed only the anti isomer in solution with Tc ⩾ 115°C and ΔG† ⩾ 74 kJ mol−1 for the amide rotation (M = W, Mo ; E = Si, Ge). For W2(SnPh3)2(NMe2)4 a coalescence point of Tc = 75°C (ΔG† = 70 kJ mol−1) was observed and the compound slowly isomerizes to a mixture of the gauche and anti configurations.
Self-perceptions, denials, and expressions: Istrianity in a nationalizing Croatia, 1990–1997

All the changes of statehood, political and administrative interventions in the last century have influenced … the national, demographic, cultural, economic and social composition of Istrian villag...
Microcomputer measurement and analysis of newborn sucking

An on-line Basic computer program with on-line monitor prompts and read-out collects, stores, and digitizes pressure and latency of sucking responses for later analyses. The program and analog equipment are described, and approximate costs are noted.
Individual bioequivalence--a regulatory update.

(1997). Individual bioequivalence—a regulatory update. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 5-11.
Using a compact tree to index and query XML data

Indexing XML is crucial for efficient XML query processing. We propose a compact tree (Ctree) for XML indexing, which provides not only concise path summaries at group level but also detailed child-parent relationships at element level. Based on Ctree, we are able to measure how well XML data is structured. We also propose a three-step query processing method. Its efficiency is achieved by: (1) summarizing large XML data structures into a condensed Ctree; (2) pruning irrelevant groups to significantly reduce the search space; (3) eliminating join operations between the matches for value predicates and those for structure constraints and (4) using Ctree properties such as regular groups to reduce query processing time. Our experiments reveal that Ctree is an effective data structure for managing XML data.
Using common random numbers in simulation experiments — an approach to statistical analysis

A widely applied method of experimental design in stochastic simulation is to use the same pseudo random-number stream for each of the systems or alternatives to be compared. If there are only two alternatives, there is a well-known simple method of statistical analysis. This paper presents Graybill's3extension of that analysis technique to the case of several systems or alternatives and points out its applicability in the simulation environment. The technique is illustrated using a stochastic simula tion model of a small inventory system. An empirical comparison with other methods of design and analysis is included.
An evaluation of turbulence models for massively blown surfaces

In this study, an evaluation of the various turbulence models for massively blown as well as unblown viscous shock layers has been made. The direct impact of the variations introduced through the different turbulent models has been evaluated by employing a single numerical code for the flow-field computations. The cases analyzed include flows with low and high Reynolds numbers and peaked and uniform surface injection rates. It is observed that with appropriate mixing-length formulation, and the use of an intermittency factor, most of the turbulence models considered predict comparable results for both blown and unblown surfaces.
miR-155 Inhibits Expression of the MEF2A Protein to Repress Skeletal Muscle Differentiation

microRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–23-nucleotide non-coding RNAs. It has become more and more evident that this class of small RNAs plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MEF2A is a member of the MEF2 (myogenic enhancer factor 2) family of transcription factors. Prior report showed that the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the Mef2A gene mediated its repression; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this intriguing observation was unknown. Here, we report that MEF2A is repressed by miRNAs. We identify miR-155 as one of the primary miRNAs that significantly represses the expression of MEF2A. We show that knockdown of the Mef2A gene by siRNA impairs myoblast differentiation. Similarly, overexpression of miR-155 leads to the repression of endogenous MEF2A expression and the inhibition of myoblast differentiation. Most importantly, reintroduction of MEF2A in miR-155 overexpressed myoblasts was able to partially rescue the miR-155-induced myoblast differentiation defect. Our data therefore establish miR-155 as an important regulator of MEF2A expression and uncover its function in muscle gene expression and myogenic differentiation.
Exploring the Confidence Interval for a Binomial Parameter in a First Course in Statistical Computing

The simple problem of providing a confidence interval for the estimate of a binomial parameter can prove to be quite interesting. There are a suprising variety of competing intervals to choose from, using both frequentist and Bayes methods. A reasonable criterion for comparing these confidence intervals is: How close does the actual coverage probability come to the target coverage probability, over a range of sample sizes and true population proportions? This material lends itself nicely to a first class in statistical computing. The computation of actual coverage probabilities for the standard approximate confidence interval is a good first simulations assignment involving a random number generator and calculations within a loop, and the variety of competing intervals covers a broad spectrum of computational difficulty. The standard approximate confidence interval that is most often found in introductory textbooks has rather poor performance compared to the alternatives. These comparisons give students a...
A Rubric for Assessing Students’ Experimental Problem-Solving Ability

The ability to couple problem solving both to the understanding of chemical concepts and to laboratory practices is an essential skill for undergraduate chemistry programs to foster in our students. Therefore, chemistry programs must offer opportunities to answer real problems that require use of problem-solving processes used by practicing chemists, including those of experimental design. Additionally, programs should assess the extent to which these skills are mastered by students and use the results to inform curricular development. This manuscript describes a rubric for experimental problem solving in chemistry that seeks to assess the extent to which students can both understand a chemical problem and design an instrument-based strategy to address it. The rubric effectively differentiates responses to practicum questions answered by students at different stages of the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. The data show that students improve in their ability to problem solve as they progress through the...
Effects of unstable milking vacuum on some measures of udder health.

Abstract Two groups of 15 cows each were milked for one year with two separate vacuum systems, one of which provided stable line vacuum, while the other showed moderate vacuum fluctuation on the line. During the experimental period, no differences were observed between the two groups in the mean of the logarithms of milk leucocyte counts, number of quarters newly infected with Streptococcus agalactiae or hemolytic staphylococci, or in number of attacks of clinical mastitis.
Chilean Bird Distribution

The results of bird censuses from 13 Chilean habitats are presented. Any one habitat supports a slighly higher bird species diversity than structurally similar habitats in North America and Australia. The bird species turnover between habitats in the same locale, in contrast to other temperate areas, is very low–an island characteristic. Turnover between geographically distinct habitats within Chile is comparable to that between adjacent habitats in North America. Chilean birds exhibit wide habitat tolerance in narrow geographic areas, whcih is attributed to a slow development rate of this bird fauna. Character convergence, where similarities in appearance have evolved to faciliate interspecific aggression and aggregation, is a byproduct of this type of distribution. See full-text article at JSTOR
Interfacial and Nanostructural Enhancements in Organic Semiconductor Sensors and Diodes

Interfaces often control the performance and activity of organic devices and can be harnessed for new and enhanced functions. Interface engineering has enabled us to modulate the threshold (turn-on) voltage of a field effect transistor made from a solution-deposited semiconductor, and to increase the switching speed of an organic semiconductor diode by three orders of magnitude. Interfacial chemistry provides capabilities for using organic transistors as sensors for vapors of military and security interest, especially nerve gas simulants. As the devices become thinner and thinner, to the point where they are almost entirely interfacial, sensitivity enters the parts-per-billion regime and response speeds decrease from minutes to seconds. Selectivity and sensitivity are enhanced through the use of receptor functionality on surfaces. Receptor chemistry and electrostatics both contribute to the sensing mechanism.
Student Expectations Regarding Collegiate Internship Programs in Marketing

The importance of collegiate internship programs for students, business firms, and universities has been well documented. This study examined student expectations with regard to internship programs in marketing. The results may aid marketing faculty in the development and management of a marketing internship program.
Integrating Health Information Technology to Achieve Seamless Care Transitions.

AbstractImproving care transitions, or “handoffs” as patients migrate from one care setting to another, is a priority across stakeholder groups and health-care settings and additionally is included in national health-care goals set forth in the National Quality Strategy. Although many demonstrations
A Micromechanics Based Finite Element Model for the Prediction of Compressive Failure in Notched Laminated Composites

A micromechanics based analysis to predict damage initiation in compressively loaded symmetric notched multiply laminates at efevated temperature under remote biaxial loading is described. The finite element method in conjunction with the commercial code ABAQUS® is used to solve the governing system of equations. The results obtained for the predictions are compared against a set of experimental results. A unified model that captures damage initiation and which describes failure mode by tracking the response of each lamina is presented. The prediction of the model is found to compare favorably against the experimental data.
Novel quantum cascade lasers based on type-II multiple quantum well heterostructures

A new class of quantum cascade lasers based on type-II quantum wells is analyzed. In these novel mid- and long-wavelength IR lasers, not only can a population inversion be easily created with a nearly 100% current injection efficiency, but also the nonradiative loss from the optical phonon scattering can be greatly suppressed. A general description of how the lasing threshold current depends on the injection, radiative, and inversion efficiencies is formulated to illustrate the expected improvements over the recently reported quantum cascade laser. Also, the features that distinguish quantum cascade lasers from traditional bipolar lasers are discussed in the contest of the carrier transport in equivalent circuit models to illustrate the advantages of quantum cascade lasers for high power mid- and long-wavelength IR source applications.
SiGe power devices for 802.11a wireless LAN applications at 5 GHz

The feasibility of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for 802.11a wireless LAN power amplifier applications in the 5 GHz regime is demonstrated. The device layout is optimised using unit power devices to develop high-power HBTs. SiGe HBTs with an emitter area of 1152 µm2 achieve a maximum output power of 25 dBm and PAE of 36% at 5.35 GHz under a supply voltage of 3.0 V. The measured ACPR for this device under OFDM modulated signal is −23 and −32 dBc at 10 and 20 MHz offset, respectively, at an output power backed off by 9 dB from P1dB.
Heterogeneous clinical presentation of the mtDNA NARP/T8993G mutation

To obtain a better molecular definition of patients with syndromic retinitis pigmentosa, we screened for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations of the two ATPase genes and 22 tRNA-coding sequences in 10 patients whose features resembled NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa) syndrome. In two patients, one of whom showed features mimicking Kearns-Sayre syndrome, we identified a heteroplasmic T8993G mutation (average 80%) in the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene. There was no mutated mtDNA in muscle and leukocytes from the mother of one patient or in leukocytes from his brother, suggesting a rapid segregation of the mutated nucleotide. MtDNA analysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with syndromic retinitis pigmentosa.
A group-variational procedure for finding first integrals of dynamical systems

Abstract In this work a group-variational procedure is given for finding first integrals of non-conservative dynamical systems. The existence of first integrals depends on the existence of solutions of the system of partial differential equations—generalized Killing's equations. Two examples are analyzed in detail.
Anomalous Sounds and Electromagnetic Effects Associated with Fireball Entry

Observers located as much as 300 km from the ground trace of bright fireballs have sometimes reported hearing swishing sounds simultaneously with the fireball passage. These sounds are anomalous because the geometry of fireball path and observer locations requires that the effect producing the sound sensation be propagated at the speed of light. The great number and striking similarity of these sound reports, which have appeared in the published literature for several centuries, are difficult to attribute to coincidence or psychological suggestion. The description of the anomalous sounds as a hissing or crackling and rare reports of odors which may be ozone suggest that the sounds are caused by electric discharges near the observer. These discharges may be the result of perturbation of the geopotential gradient by the fireball. The occurrence of other electromagnetic disturbances during fireballs, such as deflection of compass needles, induction in long lines, and radio interference, support this inference. It is also possible that the anomalous sounds are due to strong electromagnetic radiations from the fireball which are transduced by natural objects, perhaps even the human brain.
Observation of 4π-symmetry of the neutron wave function under space rotation

Abstract We observed 4π-symmetry of the neutron wave function under rotation in space produced by slowly rotating an adiabatic guide field. In contrast to all previous works, the present experiment is of purely topological nature, i.e. it does not involve the Larmor precession and the result depends only on the topology and not on the value of the magnetic field and the neutron magnetic moment. This is the first experimental observation which cannot be explained by simply applying the common concept of wave optical dynamic phase, consistently with the Stern–Gerlach spin quantization, to each of the “spin-up” and “spin-down” energy eigenstates superposed in the neutron wave function.
DNA fork displacement rate measurements in heated Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract DNA fork displacement rates (FDR) were measured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells heated at either 43.5°C or 45.5°C for various times. The inhibition of fork movement rate by heat was both time and temperature dependent, i.e., 10–20 min at 43.5°C or 5 min at 45.5°C was required to decrease the FDR to 20–30% of the control rate of 1 μm/min. Following heating, the reduced FDR was found to be constant for at least 75 min. The observed effects of heat on reduced rates of DNA replicon initiation and chain elongation and the increase in DNA with single-stranded regions could be explained by the heat sensitivity of the FDR. Any of these alterations in the DNA replication process may lead to many opportunities for abnormal DNA and/or protein interactions to occur which ultimately may lead to the observed formation of chromosomal aberrations.
FLOW OF LIQUID METAL PAST A POROUS FLAT PLATE

A boundary-layer approximation formula is derived for the temperature distribution in liquid metal which flows past a porous flat plate at zero incidence at velocity U and is sucked irto it at velocity V. (auth)
Pattern of care and follow-up of stages A1, B1 prostatic cancers from multicenter group, the National Prostatic Cancer Treatment Group (NPCTG).

Abstract In 1981, the National Prostatic Cancer Treatment Group began an open survey of available A 1 , B 1 prostatic adenocarcinomas to determine outcome and clinical characteristics. Their report as of September, 1985, summarizes the outcome and important features of the survey. The majority of A 1 cases had a low tumor grade I and were followed. Stage B 1 received surgery or radiation generally. The B 1 tumor grade was approximately one-third grade I, II, or III–IV. Presently, symptoms differ, as would be expected. Follow-up data to date have indicated no major changes. In some of the special study cases (1252), the stage was changed as a result of the central laboratory review.
MAGNITUDES AND COLORS OF SN 1993J COMPARISON STARS

A catalog and find chart, with cross-identifications to other charts and catalogs, are provided for 36 comparison stars of SN 1993J within 16' from the center of M81. Revised V band magnitudes and--where available--U-B, B-V, V-Rc and V-Ic colors are listed for 35 stars with 9.5 </= V </= 15.5, and a fainter one ("a") at V=17.8. For stars more than 6' from the nucleus of M81, the GSC photovisual magnitudes, mpv, can be converted to the V system, through V*=mpv+0.40+0.15 (B-V), with a mean error of 0.03 mag when the color index is known and, less precisely, V*=mpv+0.50 ± 0.1 mag, when it is not.
Toward automatic generation of image-text document surrogates to optimize cognition

The representation of information collections needs to be optimized for human cognition. Growing information collections play a crucial role in human experiences. While documents often include rich visual components, collections, including personal collections and those generated by search engines, are typically represented lists of text-only surrogates. By concurrently invoking complementary components of human cognition, combined image-text surrogates help people to more effectively see, understand, think about, and remember information collection. This research develops algorithmic methods that use the structural context of images in HTML documents to associate meaningful text and thus derive combined image-text surrogates.
Vibrational spectroscopy of solid state molecular dimers

Abstract The IR and Raman spectra of α- and β-perylene crystal vibrations are investigated, β-perylene is monomeric and α-perylene has face-to-face dimers. Frequencies and forms of the lattice vibrations as well as vibron relaxation and localization are discussed. Polarization ratios in α crystals are perturbed by coupling to dimer vibrations.
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces for Given Human Standing Posture With Uneven Terrains: Prediction and Validation

Ground reaction forces (GRFs) on individual support vary with posture and motion for bipedal mechanisms or systems due to the redundancy in the system. In digital human modeling, specifically posture prediction, the GRFs are predicted, as they are unknown in a virtual environment. Traditionally, models in which the GRFs are predicted have been presented; however, they are always assumed to be on flat ground. Little work has been done to predict the GRFs on uneven or arbitrary terrain. This paper presents a generic method to calculate the vertical GRFs for given standing postures with uneven terrain. The vertical GRFs are predicted based on the generalized forces (torque in revolute joints; force in prismatic joints) calculated using the recursive Lagrangian formulation and a 3-D zero moment point. Motion capture experiments were used to obtain postures for common standing reaching tasks. Force plates were employed to record GRF information for each task. Experimental postures were reconstructed, and the GRF prediction algorithm was used to predict the associated vertical GRFs for each task. Experimental and predicted vertical GRFs are compared to validate the prediction model. The prediction method proved to be valid, with an overall error of 6%.
Spectral Soil Signatures and sensing Phosphorus

Developing a phosphorus (P) sensing system using ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) provides a non-contact, cost and time effective, and less laborious measurement of phosphorus concentration in a soil sample. The determination of soil spectral signatures improves the prediction accuracy of calibration models for the determination of soil P concentration. This study aimed to obtain spectral signatures of soil samples and develop calibration models for sensing P concentrations in a soil sample. A total of 345 soil samples were collected from the drainage basin of the Lake Okeechobee to obtain a broad range of P concentrations from very low to very high (1–2709 mg/kg). Thirty-eight soil samples from different fields were sub–sampled and leached in order to remove their existing nutrient contents. The reflectance spectra of leached and unleached soil samples were measured using UV, VIS and NIR spectroscopy. Phosphorus concentrations of the samples were correlated with the absorbance of the same sample. Leached soil signatures were subtracted from those of unleached soil samples to obtain only constituent spectrum. Data analysis for P concentration determination was conducted with and without soil signature correction. For each set, two-thirds of the data was used for calibration while one-thirds of the data was for validation. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) was applied to the data set. Values for the coefficient of determination (R2) increased from 0·87 to 0·93 when original soil and constituent spectra were used, respectively. Also, using constituent spectra rather than original soil absorbance spectra reduced the root mean square errors (RMSEs) from 222 to 172 mg/kg.
Ready or not: does household preparedness prevent absenteeism among emergency department staff during a disaster?

Introduction: During major disasters, hospitals experience varied levels of absenteeism among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the immediate response period. Loss of critical hospital personnel, including Emergency Department (ED) staff, during this time can negatively impact a facility's ability to effectively treat large numbers of ill and injured patients. Prior studies have examined factors contributing to HCW ability and willingness to report for duty during a disaster. The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of readiness of ED personnel, as measured by household preparedness, is associated with predicted likelihood of reporting for duty. Additionally, the authors sought to elucidate other factors associated with absenteeism among ED staff during a disaster. Methods: ED staff of five hospitals participated in this survey-based study, answering questions regarding demographic information, past disaster experience, household disaster preparedness (using a novel,15-point scale), and likelihood of reporting to work during various categories of disaster. The primary outcome was personal predicted likelihood of reporting for duty following a disaster. Results: A total of 399 subjects participated in the study. ED staffs were most likely to report for duty in the setting of an earthquake (95 percent) or other natural disaster, followed by an epidemic (90 percent) and were less likely to report for work during a biological, chemical, or a nuclear event (63 percent). Degree of household preparedness was determined to have no association with an ED HCW's predicted likelihood of reporting for duty. Factors associated with predicted absenteeism varied based on type of disaster and included having dependents in the home, female gender, past disaster relief experience, having a spouse or domestic partner, and not owning pets. Having dependents in the home was associated with predicted absenteeism for all disaster types (OR 0.30-0.66). However, when stratified by gender, the presence of dependents at home was only a significantly associated with predicted absenteeism among women as opposed to men (OR 0.07-0.59 versus OR 0.41-1.02). Discussion: Personal household preparedness, while an admirable goal, appears to have no effect on predicted absenteeism among ED staff following a disaster. Having responsibilities for dependents is the most consistent factor associated with predicted absenteeism among female staff. Hospital and ED disaster planners should consider focusing preparedness efforts less toward household preparedness for staff and instead concentrate on addressing dependent care needs in addition to professional preparedness.
Fatigue Behavior of Vitallium-2000 Plus Alloy for Orthopedic Applications

Vitallium-2000 Plus alloy is one of the important metallic biomaterials having excellent biocompatibility as it is free from nickel, vanadium, and beryllium elements that could cause potential allergic problems to patients. In this study, the high cycle fatigue behavior of continuous cast vitallium-2000 Plus alloy was investigated using rotation bend fatigue tests at 50 Hz frequency and at room temperature apart from tensile studies. A series of tests were carried out at varying stresses, and the S-N curve was obtained from regression of the test data. The endurance limit was determined as 387 MPa, which is very good for a cast alloy. This increase in fatigue property (compared to the previous version of this alloy) is primarily due to the presence of nitrogen that is added during continuous casting process and also that of the other alloying elements. Tensile test was also performed as per the ASTM standard to evaluate its static properties. The fracture morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscope to study the mechanisms of fracture. It was established that the primary mechanism of fracture was by microvoid nucleation and coalescence, typical of a ductile material that is significant for a cast alloy. The experimentally determined values of endurance limit, yield strength, tensile strength, and percent elongation provide evidence that vitallium-2000 Plus cast alloy has very good fatigue, tensile properties, and increased formability without fracture, allowing for excellent adjustability during its application.
Whipple's disease involving the mesenteric lymph nodes diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration.

Although it traditionally presents with signs and symptoms of small intestine involvement, such as diarrhea and malabsorption, Whipple's disease (WD) can involve many other organs. Typically, WD diagnosis is established by biopsy of the small intestine. A case of WD, established by duodenal biopsy, in a 36-yr-old male is presented. This patient developed mesenteric lymphadenopathy, prompting computerized-tomography guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), which showed typical features of WD. Electron microscopy (EM) studies confirmed the diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lymph-node involvement in WD diagnosed by FNA biopsy. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An efficient Novelty Detector for online fault diagnosis based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines

A paradigm shift in the standard operating procedures (SOP) is underway in the reliability and health management industry. As the community transitions from traditional preventive maintenance procedures to modern predictive or health-based management systems, areas such as efficient online monitoring and diagnosis schemes based on real-time observations have emerged as key research subjects for engineers. Most diagnostic systems require data from both healthy and faulty conditions in order to properly train their classification algorithms. However, in many situations, normal signals are acquired easily while fault samples are difficult to be gained. In this paper, we present a diagnosis scheme based on the least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). Our modified LS-SVM algorithm is a one-class novelty detector which can differentiate between a normal and faulty condition based only on the normal samples which are easily available. We diagnose a growing crack fault on a planetary gear plate mounted aboard a UH-60 Blackhawk aircraft using this approach. Comparisons drawn with other contemporary approaches lean favorably towards the viability of the suggested novelty detector.