cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of methyl group metabolism by streptozotocin-induced diabetes and all-trans-retinoic acid.

The hepatic enzyme glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) plays a major role in the control of methyl group and homocysteine metabolism. Because disruption of these vital pathways is associated with numerous pathologies, understanding GNMT control is important for evaluating methyl group regulation. Recently, gluconeogenic conditions have been shown to modulate homocysteine metabolism and treatment with glucocorticoids and/or all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-induced active GNMT protein, thereby leading to methyl group loss. This study was conducted to determine the effect of diabetes, alone and in combination with RA, on GNMT regulation. Diabetes and RA increased GNMT activity 87 and 148%, respectively. Moreover, the induction of GNMT activity by diabetes and RA was reflected in its abundance. Cell culture studies demonstrated that pretreatment with insulin prevented GNMT induction by both RA and dexamethasone. There was a significant decline in homocysteine concentrations in diabetic rats, owing in part to a 38% increase in the abundance of the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine β-synthase; treatment of diabetic rats with RA prevented cystathionine β-synthase induction. A diabetic state also increased the activity of the folate-independent homocysteine remethylation enzyme betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, whereas the activity of the folate-dependent enzyme methionine synthase was diminished 52%. In contrast, RA treatment attenuated the streptozotocin-mediated increase in betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, whereas methionine synthase activity remained diminished. These results indicate that both a diabetic condition and RA treatment have marked effects on the metabolism of methyl groups and homocysteine, a finding that may have significant implications for diabetics and their potential sensitivity to retinoids.
Educational Testing Validity and Reliability in Pharmacy and Medical Education Literature

Objectives. To evaluate and compare the reliability and validity of educational testing reported in pharmacy education journals to medical education literature.Methods. Descriptions of validity evi...
Central nervous system involvement by ovarian carcinoma. A complication of prolonged survival with metastatic disease

Six patients with epithelial ovarian cancer had clinical diagnoses of central nervous system (CNS) metastases during a four-year period. A thorough review of the literature shows that involvement of the CNS by ovarian cancer is a rare phenomenon. Four of the six patients developed parenchymal brain metastases whereas carcinomatous meningitis was detected in the other two. These patients were younger and survived longer from initial diagnosis than the majority of women with ovarian cancer. Five of the six patients had previously received chemotherapy and had developed metastatic spread to extraperitoneal sites. Following extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy may provide intraperitoneal and systemic control, thereby extending survival and permitting occult CNS metastases to become apparent.
Some unusual aspect aspects of organocopper chemistry: lithium organocuprate reaction with some neopentylic p-tosylate esters

Abstract Diphenylcopperlithium and dimethylcopperlithium react differently with the same primary neopentylic tosylate ester. Several secondary neopentylic tosylates react with organocopperlithium reagents to give olefins via a concerted anti-1,2-dehydrosulfonation. When anti-elimination is not possible, skeletal rearrangement occurs.
Medications and School: Ensuring a Healthy Coexistence

Back to school is a good time for parents, health care professionals, and school officials to examine issues associated with medications or supplements. A few of these issues include vitamin supplementation; immunizations; medications for self-limiting conditions such as cough, colds, or pain; prescription medications for life-threatening allergies or asthma; medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; and the growing concern over prescription drug abuse. Concerns, updates, and basic recommendations that health care professionals can share with parents are reviewed.
Stardust Imaging Camera

[1] The Stardust spacecraft is carrying an Imaging Camera, primarily for 81P/Wild 2 approach navigation, but the camera also will provide valuable data for P/Wild 2 nucleus characterization and about its activity. During an engineering readiness test, the camera already has provided useful scientific data about an asteroid, 5535 Annefrank. The camera utilizes spare parts from Cassini and Voyager as well as some inherited designs to provide an excellent, low-cost imaging system with a 1024 × 1024 pixel CCD detector and an f/3.5 lens with a 202 mm focal length. These yield a 3.5° × 3.5° field of view and, potentially, 12 arc second resolution. Spacecraft roll combined with a movable mirror permits safe autonomous body tracking. This capability was proven on Annefrank and will be used to acquire the desired data on P/Wild 2, with the spacecraft protected by a dust shield (a Whipple bumper) during that flyby. Details of the instrumental design and problems associated with its use make up the bulk of the paper.
Individual variability in cortical organization: its relationship to brain laterality and implications to function

The human brain and the brains of most mammals studied for this purpose demonstrate hemispheric asymmetry of gross anatomical landmarks and/or architectonic cortical subdivisions. The magnitude as well as the direction of these cortical asymmetries vary among individuals, and in some species there exist significant population directional biases. The magnitude, if not the direction, of cortical asymmetry is found to predict for relative numbers of neurons comprising a given pair of hemispheric architectonic homologues such that the more asymmetric the region is, the smaller the number of neurons. Similarly, the more asymmetric a region is, the smaller the density of interhemispheric connections and (probably) the greater the density of intrahemispheric connections. Developmentally, the decrease in the number of neurons characterizing the more asymmetrical regions appears to reflect mainly increased unilateral ontogenetic cell loss, and diminished callosal connectivity might signify increased developmental axonal pruning. These relationships between cell numbers, callosal connections, and presumed intrahemispheric relationships can be entertained to explain variability in anatomo-clinical correlations for language function and aphasia between left- and right-handers and men and women.
Cortical gamma oscillations modulated by word association tasks: Intracranial recording

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that cortical activation can be measured using event-related augmentation of gamma oscillations in humans. We determined how commonly and differentially gamma oscillations (50–150 Hz) were modulated by three distinct word-association tasks during extraoperative electrocorticography monitoring in a patient with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery. He was auditorily presented names of common foods (e.g., apple) during each task. He was instructed to overtly verbalize the color (e.g., red) of each given food during the first association task, the taste (e.g., sweet) during the second task, and the texture (e.g., crunchy) during the third task. All three word-association tasks commonly elicited significant augmentation of gamma oscillations in the superior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the pre- and postcentral gyri. The food–texture association task specifically elicited significant gamma augmentation in the supramarginal gyrus. This preliminary study generated the hypothesis that word-association tasks may supplement functional language mapping using electrical stimulation. Differential gamma augmentation in the supramarginal gyrus might be attributed to a larger workload required in the food–texture association task compared with the remaining two tasks.
REVERSE AND FORWARD SLOW SHOCKS IN THE SOLAR WIND.

Probable reverse and forward slow shocks were found in plasma and magnetic-field data from Pioneer 6. The shocks were oblique and weak (Mach of approximately 1.2). No reverse fast shocks were found. Numerous (50) other discontinuities were found, most of which are probably tangential, since all the plasma parameters changed across most of them.
Feasibility and psychometrics of an ambulatory hot flash monitoring device.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and psychometric properties of a lightweight, automated, ambulatory sternal skin conductance monitor to measure frequency of hot Hashes (HFs) among breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Design: A total of 19 postmenopausal BCSs and 5 premenopausal healthy comparison women participated by wearing the monitor for 24 h during their normal daily activities, including sleep. HFs were assessed using subjective (diaries, event markers) and objective (skin conductance) methods. Results: Problems with subjective reporting of HFs were reported by 35% of BCSs. Technological problems and discomfort related to wearing the monitor were minimal. A total of 243 HFs were recorded using the skin conductance monitor by 17 BCSs and 5 premenopausal women (BCS group M = 13.4; range, 1-30). Subjective reporting of HFs was associated with a 31-33% false-positive rate. Skin conductance monitoring during waking hours was associated with a 30% false-negative rate. Conclusions: The monitor is a feasible method for objectively assessing HFs in BCSs. Data support continued use of sternal skin conductance as an objective measure of HF frequency. This technology should prove useful as an objective measure of HFs in future intervention research aimed at alleviating the symptom and improving quality of life among BCSs. (Menopause 1999;6:209-215. © 1999. The North American Menopause Society.)
6-Deoxy-D-glucose and D-xylose: Analogs for the study of D-glucose transport by mouse 3T3 cells

6-Deoxy-D-glucose and D-xylose, structural homomorphs of D-glucose that lack a 6-hydroxyl group or a 6-hydroxymethyl group, respectively, are transported efficiently by mouse 3T3 cells, with good affinity and high specificity for the D-glucose transport system. Since these analogs lack the 6-hydroxyl group, which is the site of phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, they are taken up and are recoverable from cells in an unchanged state. Thus, 6-deoxy-D-glucose and D-xylose offer advantages as transport substrates over 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which is phosphorylated by intercellular hexokinases, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, which shows a lower specificity for the D-glucose transport system.
A comparison of methods of growing sugar-beet seed

Two experiments with sugar-beet seed crops at Dunholme Field Station Lincolnshire,1955–7, one at Broom's Barn, Suffolk, 1963–4, and two in Bedfordshire 1965–7, compared transplanting with various direct.drilling techniques. The early experiments were made with multigerm varieties and the 1965–7 experiments with genetic monogerm varieties. At Dunholme direct drilling under a barley cover crop controlled virus yellows and yielded more multigerm seed suitable for processing than did transplanting. In later experiments transplanting gave variable yields; pests damaged plots transplanted in autumn and those transplanted in spring were susceptible to drought. Many transplants lodged and ripened late and direct drillings produced seed that germinated better. Direct drilling during July with no cover crop consistently yielded better than undersowing or open drilling in August. To establish a regular, dense stand of plants, which is essential for large yields of seed of good germination was more difficult with than without cover crops. The time the cover crop was removed did not consistently affect yield. Crops sown in summer without cover yield most seed but are most susceptible to disease and are unsuitable for areas with a disease risk.
Finite element modelling of subsurface mode II cracks under contact loads

Abstract A finite element model for simulating cracks in an elastic half space subjected to two dimensional rolling contact is introduced. The mode II stress intensity range δ k 11 is evaluated for both a point load and a Hertzian pressure distribution. The results agree with closed form solutions. The model makes it possible to study both long as well as short cracks of any inclination. Although only the frictionless crack case and linear elastic material behavior are treated here, the model may be extended to treat both friction and elastic-plastic behavior. Crack Tip Shear Displacement Δ(CTSD)c obtained from the finite element analysis could be used in place of K 11 or the J- integral as the crack tip controlling parameter thus avoiding difficulties produced by friction and unloading.
Opportunity-based suicide rates.

Clarke (1984) discussed the possibility of basing crime rates on the number of opportunities for crimes being committed rather than per capita of the population. Crime rates can be expressed relative to the target of crime (for example, the number of burglaries per houselapartment), to the means of commission (for example, auto thefts per car), to routine activities on the part of the criminal (for example, how many houses does the burglar break into per houses encountered), or to situations in which crimes take place (for example, the rate of shoplifting per number of stores entered, both for the average shopper and for the shoplifter). Clarke's idea suggests the possibility that suicide rates might be expressed in similar ways. For example, in 1967, the year before emission controls were introduced for cars, there were 72.9 million cars in the USA, 198.7 million people, and 2049 suicides using car exhaust. This gives a rate of 1.03 suicides per 100,000 people per year or 2.81 suicides per 100,000 cars per year. Using estimates of firearms in America (Moscicki & Boyd, 1983-1985) we can estimate the suicide rate using firearms in the USA in 1979 as 6.87 per 100,000 people per year or as 9.38 per 100,000 guns per year. And using estimates of the number of drug prescriptions for psychotherapeutics issued (Anon, 1985) we can estimate the number of suicides by psychotherapeutics in 1983 as 1.20 per 100,000 people per year or as 2.17 per 100,000 prescriptions per year. Suicide rates based upon opportunities may be psychologically more meaningful in the light of modern theories of suicide that stress the importance of opportunities for committing suicide as a major factor in determining the suicide rate (Clarke & Lester, 1987).
Predictability, contingency, and convergence in late succession: Slow systems and complex data-sets

Abstract Questions: Are community dynamics in old-growth forests predictable? Convergent? Equilibrial? Are answers to these questions dependent on temporal and spatial scale? How can complex, long-term observational data be used most powerfully to address these questions? Location: 100-ha tract of old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Michigan, USA. Methods: Woody stems were measured, on 243 permanent plots, several times, at varying intervals and intensity, over 70 years. A range of visualization tools and multivariate statistics were used to extract patterns and address questions posed. Results: This ancient forest is not equilibrial; compositional trends suggest that changes are competitively driven and reflect long-lasting effects of disturbance. Predictability of community change varies across environmental gradients, with interval between samples, with spatial scale, and depending on type of predictability being assessed. Plot trajectories in species-space and changes in diversity suggest suc...
Subsolidus and melting study of the Bi2O3-PbOx-CuO system in air

Abstract The subsolidus and liquidus equilibria of the 1 2 Bi 2 O 3 -PbO x -CuO system were investigated in air by quenching, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. No ternary compounds were found in this system. A series of isothermal sections from 590 °C to 840 °C is presented. At ≈ 590 °C, a total of six subsolidus equilibrium regions were found as a result of tie-line connections from Bi 2 CuO 4 to (Pb, Bi)O x , Bi 12 PbO 20 , Bi 6 Pb 2 O 11 , βss (a solid solution midway on the PbO x 1 2 Bi 2 O 3 join) and Pb 3 Bi 2 O 6 . The eutectic melting of the system occurred at ≈ 610 °C in the region bounded by βss, Bi 2 CuO 4 and (Pb, Bi)O x . The eutectic melt composition was determined to be at Bi:Pb:Cu = 51.2: 45.2: 3.6. As the temperature increased, the liquid region expanded and tie-line connections between Bi 2 CuO 4 and the Pb-containing binary oxides were sequentially eliminated. By about 850 °C, all tie-lines connecting the binary oxides had vanished due to the incursion of liquid, which extended to the Bi 2 O 3 corner as well. At this temperature, only two sets of tie-line remained, those connecting PbO and CuO to liquid. A liquidus diagram showing the primary phase fields is discussed.
Nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific Tregs.

Expansion of memory-like CD8+ Tregs with NPs During the course of spontaneous autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a population of low-avidity self-reactive CD8 T cells acquires a regulatory phenotype. To expand these CD8 Tregs, Santamaria and coworkers developed NPs containing complexes of disease-relevant self-peptides and the class I MHC (pMHC-NPs)[4]. The administration of pMHC-NPs abrogated the diabetogenic response and restored normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice, and also in humanized NOD mice [4]. Mechanistic studies determined that pMHC-NPs were not taken up by CD11b, CD11c or B cells, and instead targeted T cells in vivo, leading to the expansion of regulatory memory-like CCR7 CXCR3CD62LCD44CD122CD8 T cells, a phenotype that differs from that of ‘classical’ memory T cells. The CD8 Tregs induced by pMHC-NPs produced IFN-g, but did not proliferate or secrete IL-2 in response to stimulation. Moreover, these CD8 Tregs showed suppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, as a result of their ability to kill APCs through a mechanism that involved IFN-g, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and perforin. An important feature of the suppressive activity of the CD8 Tregs induced by pMHC-NPs is that they suppressed the activation of T cells of different antigen specificities. Since several self-antigens are usually targeted during the course of autoimmune diseases [5] and the identity of all the antigens targeted by the autoimmune response in each individual patient is usually unknown, this bystander suppression Specialized populations of Tregs control activity in healthy individuals. Treg deficits are usually associated with the development of auto immune diseases. Thus, the expansion of antigen-specific Tregs is viewed as a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune disorders; however, methods for generating significant numbers of antigenspecific Tregs in vivo or in vitro are still missing. Nanotechnology offers new tools for the expansion of antigen-specific Tregs and the treatment of autoimmune disorders. This article discusses recent examples of the use of nano technologybased approaches to re-establish immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases result from the dysregulated reactivity of the immune system against self-antigens. In healthy individuals, the activity of the immune system is controlled by specialized populations of Tregs [1]. In patients afflicted by autoimmune diseases, however, Treg deficits are usually found [2]. Thus, the generation of antigen-specific Tregs is viewed as a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but methods for generating significant numbers of antigen-specific Tregs in vivo or in vitro are still missing. Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physical and chemical features that prompted their use in medicine. Some of these features are of particular interest for the field of drug delivery [3]:
Playing Gender Against Race Through High-Profile Crime Cases The Tyson/Thomas/Simpson Pattern of the 1990s

When the Clarence Thomas, Mike Tyson, and O. J. Simpson cases emerged as high-profile media cases, a pattern was established in which Black men became symbolic representatives of three distinctively feminist issues. These issues were sexual harassment, rape, and domestic violence, respectively. This article argues that a competitive and antagonistic relationship, or a playing of gender against race, developed through this disproportionate media emphasis. Three explanations for the pattern are explored: historical biases, the structure of legal trials, and media philosophy.
Slip-parallel seismic lineations on the Northern Hayward Fault, California

A high-resolution relative earthquake location procedure is used to image the fine-scale seismicity structure of the northern Hayward fault, California. The seismicity defines a narrow, near-vertical fault zone containing horizontal alignments of hypocenters extending along the fault zone. The lineations persist over the 15-year observation interval, implying the localization of conditions on the fault where brittle failure conditions are met. The horizontal orientation of the lineations parallels the slip direction of the fault, suggesting that they are the result of the smearing of frictionally weak material along the fault plane over thousands of years.
Isospin admixing in 24MG

Abstract A (ds)-shell calculation made using spectral distribution methods supports the view that the J = 1+, T = 0 level at 9.83 MeV and the J = 1+, T = 1 level at 9.97 MeV are not pure isospin states but are admixed.
Comparison of the Rat Nucleolar Protein Nopp140 with Its Yeast Homolog SRP40: DIFFERENTIAL PHOSPHORYLATION IN VERTEBRATES AND YEAST

Rat Nopp140, a nonribosomal protein of the nucleolus and coiled bodies, was characterized as one of the most highly phosphorylated proteins in the cell. Based on its subcellular location, its nuclear localization signal binding capacity, and its shuttling between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm, Nopp140 was proposed to function as a chaperone in ribosome biogenesis. This study shows that casein kinase II phosphorylates Nopp140 to its unusual high degree and identifies the yeast SRP40 gene product as immunologically and structurally related to rat Nopp140. SRP40 encodes an acidic (pI = 3.9), serine-rich (49%) protein of 41 kDa whose carboxyl terminus exhibits 59% sequence identity to that of Nopp140. SRP40 localizes to the yeast nucleolus and is required at a specific cellular concentration for optimal growth as indicated by the negative effect on cell growth of both overexpression and deletion of its gene. Like Nopp140, SRP40 is phosphorylated by casein kinase II, but to a much lesser extent. While the parallels between these two proteins suggest that SRP40 is the bona fide yeast Nopp140 homolog, their disparities reflect the differences in nucleolar dynamics and regulation of ribosome biogenesis between yeast and vertebrates.
Effect of hydrologic fluctuations on the transport of fine particulate organic carbon in a small stream1

Investigations into the pattern of fine particulate organic carbon (FPOC) concentration and export during periods of rapidly changing discharge in a small, mountain stream revealed maximum values before peak discharge. FPOC was washed out of the stream very rapidly with increasing discharge. A peak in FPOC concentration also occurred at the onset of rainfall during summer storms, before discharge began to rise; rainfall itself rather than increasing flow appeared to be responsible for this early peak. The length of time since the last storm determined, in part, the concentration of FPOC achieved during that discharge event.
Exploring the Polyhedron Kingdom

Having paid our respects to the rulers of the Polyhedron Kingdom and their extended families, we’re ready for a walking tour.
Biomechanical study of pedicle screw fixation in severely osteoporotic bone

Abstract Background context Obtaining adequate purchase with standard pedicle screw techniques remains a challenge in poor quality bone. The development of alternate insertion techniques and screw designs was prompted by recognition of potential fixation complications. An expandable pedicle screw design has been shown to significantly improve fixation compared to a conventional screw in poor quality bone. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement augmentation of an expandable pedicle screw can further improve fixation strength compared to the expandable screw alone in severely osteoporotic bone. A technique for cement insertion into the pedicle by means of the cannulated central portion of the expandable screw is also described. Study design The axial pullout strength, stiffness and energy absorbed of cemented and noncemented expandable pedicle screws was determined in cadaveric vertebrae. Methods Twenty-one fresh unembalmed vertebrae from the thoracolumbar spine were used. Radiographs and bone mineral density measurements (BMD) were used to characterize bone quality. Paired cemented and noncemented pedicle screw axial pullout strength was determined through mechanical testing. Mechanical pullout strength, stiffness and energy to failure was correlated with BMD. Results Overall, there was a 250% increase in mean pullout strength with the cemented expandable screw compared with a noncemented expandable screw including a greater than twofold increase in pullout strength in the most severely osteoporotic bone. The mean stiffness and energy absorbed to failure was also significantly increased. A cemented conventional screw achieved a pullout strength similar to the noncemented expandable screw. Conclusions PMMA cement augmentation of the expandable pedicle screw may be a viable clinical option for achieving fixation in severely osteoporotic bone.
Systematic review: is real-time ultrasonic-guided central line placement by ED physicians more successful than the traditional landmark approach?

Introduction The superiority of ultrasonic-guided compared with landmark-guided central venous catheter (CVC) placement is not well documented in the Emergency Department. Objective To systematically review the literature comparing success rates between ultrasonic- and landmark-guided CVC placement by ED physicians. Methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for randomised controlled trials from 1965 to 2010 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation: Patients: Adults requiring emergent CVC placement except during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intervention CVC placement using real-time ultrasonic guidance. Comparator: CVC placement using anatomical landmarks. Outcome: Comparison of success rates of CVC placement between ultrasonic- versus landmark-guided techniques. Analysis: Success rates between CVC placement methods using a Forest Plot (95% CI) calculated by Review Manager Version 5.0. Results Search identified 944 articles of which 938 were excluded by title/abstract relevance, two not randomised, one cardiac arrest, one no landmark control, one success rate not calculated. A single study of 130 patients (65 ultrasonic- vs 65 landmark-guided) selected for internal jugular vein placement remained. Successful internal jugular CVC was significantly (p=0.02) more likely in the ultrasound-guided (93.9%) compared with landmark-guided (78.5%) techniques with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4). Complications rates were significantly (p=0.04) lower in ultrasonic (4.6%) versus landmark (16.9%) technique, OR=3.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 12.5). Conclusion Only one single high quality study illustrating that ED ultrasound- versus landmark-guided internal jugular catheter placement had higher success rates with lower complication rates.
Cell cycle kinetics in the embryonic mouse corpus striatum

Cells of the corpus striatum arise from the lateral ganglionic eminence of the telencephalic neuroepithelium. In mice, the length of the cell cycle and that of its component phases were estimated, and the interkinetic nuclear migratory pattern was characterized for lateral ganglionic progenitors on embryonic day 11 and 12 to gain insights into striatal cytogenetic process. An S-phase labeling paradigm using bromodeoxyuridine was employed. To assess regional variation in proliferative patterns, rostral, middle and caudal levels of the ganglionic neuroepithelium were examined separately. The pattern of interkinetic nuclear migration and the duration of G1-, G2-, and M-phases at the rostral and middle levels differed from those at the caudal level. The length of the cell cycle and that of the G1-phase increased during the interval embryonic day 11 to 12, especially at the rostral and middle levels. During the same interval, a sizable secondary proliferative population emerged at all three levels. Two principal conclusions are drawn: Progenitors at the different rostrocaudal levels are heterogeneous with regard to the pattern of cellular proliferation, and ganglionic progenitors are in advance of the cerebral cortical progenitors based on the relative size of the secondary proliferative population and the magnitude of cytokinetic parameters. Thus, proliferative behavior distinguishes progenitor populations at different rostrocaudal levels within the lateral ganglionic neuroepithelium and across the ganglionic and cerebral cortical domains of the telencephalic neuroepithelium.
Narrowband waveform design for near-far resistant asynchronous CDMA communications

A technique to design narrowband signature waveforms for asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems is proposed. These waveforms are specifically tailored for a class of near-far resistant multiuser detectors, They are strictly time-limited, satisfy a root mean square (RMS) bandwidth constraint, and provide a prescribed worst-case near-far resistance. The optimization criterion is either the maximum worst-case pairwise near-far resistance (NFR), or the maximum worst-case pairwise asymptotic multiuser efficiency (AME) of an L-shot decorrelating detector over all relative delays of users. These signal sets are shown to be immune to synchronization errors as well by using slope constraints of partial cross-correlations over relative delays. Complex signature waveforms are also considered. It is shown that "chipless" waveforms provide a substantial increase in performance in near-far situations over their chip-based counterparts using the same transmission bandwidth. >
Suspension of Deportation Hearings and Measures of "Americanness"

Una forma de identificar las caracteristicas que, segun las autoridades y la ley, el ciudadano ideal debe de tener es estudiar casos de inmigracion en corte. Por medio de observar la preparation de tales casos, entrevistar a abogados y solicitantes, y asistir a audiencias en la corte federal de inmigracion en Los Angeles, se analiza estas caracteristicas. La investigation se enfoca en los casos conocidos como "suspension de deportation". Para ganar, el solicitante tiene que haber vivido en los Estados Unidos por siete anos, mostrar buen caracter moral y probar que deportation causarfa un dafio extremo al aplicante o a un pariente del aplicante. El analisis indica que, aunque no se menciona la raza ni la etnicidad del solicitante, las caracteristicas preferidas se basan en la cultura anglosajona, lo cual promueve un modelo anglosajon del cuidadano ideal. Por eso, aun cuando se ganan los casos, la ley impone requisitos que perjudican a ciertos sectores de la poblacion
Synthesis and Properties of Mo/MoSix Microlaminates Using Ion Beam Assisted Deposition

Films of Mo, MoSix and Mo/MoSix (1.22<x<1.35) multilayers were formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) onto (100) Si, glass and graphite substrates. Ion to atom arrival rate (R) ratios for IBAD varied from 0.01 to 0.1 and film thicknesses varied from 200 to 1100 nm. The Si/Mo ratio decreased with increasing R ratio. The oxygen content of Mo films was greater than silicide films, but both decreased substantially with increasing R ratio. Ar incorporation increased with increasing R ratio to a maximum of 1 at% in Mo and 5 at% in MoSi1.22. Mo films exhibit a strong (110) fiber texture at low R ratios. At the highest R ratio, a tilting of the (110) fiber texture by 15° occurs, along with the development of a distinct azimuthal texture indicative of planar channeling of the ion beam along (110) planes. The microstructure of the multilayer consists of small Mo grains and an amorphous silicide. Average film stress in Mo films increases from tension to a maximum value of 0.63 GPa and becomes compressive with increasing normalized energy. The stress in the MoSix films decreases with increasing normalized energy and saturates at a compressive stress of -0.24 GPa at 25 eV/atom. Indentation fracture experiments using a Vickers indenter with a 300 g load show a fracture behavior that is consistent with a residual stress effect for the IBAD monolithic MoSix and microlaminate, but which is influenced by additional factors in the PVD microlaminate.
Frequency domain adaptive tap partial update adaptive algorithm for network echo cancellation

In this paper, we propose a novel frequency domain adaptive tap partial update algorithm for network echo cancellation. Controlled by a simple sparseness measurement of the filter coefficients, the new algorithm adapts not only the filter coefficients, but also the number of taps to be updated iteration by iteration. Using the convergence behavior of the sparseness measurement, the proposed algorithm regards the convergence of the filter coefficients as a two-stage process incorporating the MMax and SPMMax partial update criteria together with the improved proportionate multi-delay filtering (IPMDF) and multi-delay filtering (MDF) adaptive algorithms. Simulation results show that, compared with fully updated IPMDF, our proposed algorithm achieves the same convergence performance with significantly reduced computational complexity.
Pre- and Post- GPi DBS Neuropsychological Profiles in a Case of X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism

We present the pre to post bilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation neuropsychological profiles of a 69-year-old patient with a 12-year history of X-linked dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP). Pre-operative cognitive function was impaired in almost all domains and this impaired performance was not dependent on his medications. Following DBS, changes in neuropsychological functioning were examined using Reliable Change Indices and standardized z-score comparisons. Results showed reductions in processing speed in the context of stable performance in language and visuospatial domains. Post-operative improvements occurred on a cognitive screening measure, verbal memory, and a test of problem-solving skills. This is the first report on an individual with XDP who was cognitively impaired, but had good outcome following GPi bilateral stimulation to treat debilitating motor symptoms. The possible mechanisms for his stable cognitive performance include the target of his DBS, reduced medication dosage...
Quantitative transcriptional neuroanatomy of the rat hippocampus: Evidence for wide‐ranging, pathway‐specific heterogeneity among three principal cell layers

We have used laser-capture microdissection and microarray hybridization to characterize gene expression in the three principal neuron layers of rat hippocampus. Correlative and clustering analyses revealed all three layers to be easily differentiated from one another based on gene expression profile alone. A greater disparity in gene expression exists between dentate granule and pyramidal cell layers, reflecting phenotypic and ontological differences between those cell populations. Remarkably, the level of more than 45% of expressed transcripts was significantly different among the three neuron populations, with more than a third of those (>1,000 transcripts) being at least twofold different between layers. Even CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cell layers were dramatically different on a transcriptional level with a separate analysis indicating that nearly 20% of transcripts are differentially expressed between them. Only a small number of transcripts were specific for a given hippocampal cell layer, suggesting that functional differences are more likely secondary to wide-ranging expression differences of modest magnitude rather than very large disparities in a few genes. Categorical analysis of transcript abundance revealed concerted differences in gene expression among the three cell layers referable to specific cellular pathways. For instance, transcripts encoding proteins involved in glucose metabolism are most highly expressed in the CA3 pyramidal layer, which may reflect an underlying greater metabolic rate of these neurons and partially explain their exquisite vulnerability to seizure-induced damage. Conversely, transcripts related to MAP kinase signaling pathways and transcriptional regulator activity are prominent in the dentate granule cell layer, which could contribute to its resistance to damage following seizure activity by positioning these neurons to respond to external stimuli by altering transcription. Taken together, these data suggest that unique physiological characteristics of major cell layers, such as neuronal activity, neuronal plasticity, and vulnerability to neurodegeneration, are reflected in substantial transcriptional heterogeneity within the hippocampus. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chronic Exercise Improves Myocardial Inotropic Reserve Capacity Through α1-Adrenergic and Protein Kinase C-Dependent Effects in Senescent Rats

We have previously demonstrated that alpha(1)-adrenergic (AR)-mediated contraction is diminished in the senescent rat heart, in part due to alterations in protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Since chronic exercise training (EX) can exert independent effects on increasing alpha(1)-AR contraction in the adult rat heart, we sought to determine whether age-related defects in alpha(1)-AR contraction could be reversed by chronic EX. We further hypothesized that improved alpha(1)-AR contraction by EX may be PKC dependent. Adult (4 months; Y) and aged (24 months; O) male F344 rats were treadmill-trained (n = 12-13/group; TR) at approximately 70% of VO(2max) for 12 weeks or remained sedentary (YSED, YTR, OSED, OTR). Training status was verified by plantaris citrate synthase activity and left ventricular (LV) contractile responses (dP/dt) to alpha(1)-AR stimulation were assessed in Langendorff-perfused hearts using the alpha(1)-AR agonist phenylephrine (PE; 10(-5) M) with and without the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (CE; 10(-6) M). alpha(1)-AR stimulation elicited greater increases in LV dP/dt in hearts isolated from OTR (4525.4 +/- 224.1 mmHg/s) versus OSED (3658.9 +/- 291.0 mmHg/s), while CE abolished PE-induced effects (OTR, 4069.2 +/- 341.2) versus (OSED, 3608.9 +/- 321.2) (p < .01). Upon western blotting, phosphospecific antibodies directed at PKCepsilon (pSer(729)) revealed greater levels in LV isolated from YTR versus YSED, and EX ameliorated aged-related reductions in OSED (p < .001). Basal PKCepsilon mRNA levels were also greater in YTR and OTR versus YSED (p < .01). PE-induced increases in phosphor-PKCdelta (pThr(507)) levels observed in OSED were attenuated in OTR (p < .03). Chronic EX was also associated with significant reductions in PKCalpha (pSer(657)) levels following PE in OTR (p < .002). The results indicate that age-related reductions in alpha(1)-AR contraction can be partially reversed by EX in the rat heart. These results further suggest that alterations in PKC levels underlie, at least in part, EX-induced improvements in alpha(1)-AR contraction.
Creativity interventions: physical-digital activities for promoting group creativity

Arizona State University's Arts, Media, and Engineering Program is currently addressing the need to assess the growth of group creativity in trans-disciplinary collaboration. This paper describes our initial work in developing criteria and a framework for constructing creativity interventions, or activities designed for building, tracking and evaluating creative group behaviors in diverse communities of IT practitioners.
Tunable Molecular MoS2 Edge-Site Mimics for Catalytic Hydrogen Production

Molybdenum sulfides represent state-of-the-art, non-platinum electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). According to the Sabatier principle, the hydrogen binding strength to the edge active sites should be neither too strong nor too weak. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a molecular motif that mimics the catalytic sites structurally and possesses tunable electronic properties that influence the hydrogen binding strength. Furthermore, molecular mimics will be important for providing mechanistic insight toward the HER with molybdenum sulfide catalysts. In this work, a modular method to tune the catalytic properties of the S–S bond in MoO(S2)2L2 complexes is described. We studied the homogeneous electrocatalytic hydrogen production performance metrics of three catalysts with different bipyridine substitutions. By varying the electron-donating abilities, we present the first demonstration of using the ligand to tune the catalytic properties of the S–S bond in molecular MoS2 edge-site m...
Review of Clinical handbook of depression.

CLINICAL HANDBOOK OF DEPRESSION. Janice Wood Wetzel A CASEBOOK OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY: Strategies and Technique. Shirley Cooper and Leon Wanerman
Marijuana policy patchwork not based on science

Meanwhile, federal laws hobble research into the dangers, and the potential benefits, of the drug
Hybrid Computation Models for High Performance Biological Sequence Alignment on a Cloud System

As a convenient high performance computation system, cloud system is more and more popularly used in the field of bioinformatics. We develop and examine several hybrid computation models for high performance biological sequence alignment on a cloud system. In our practice, Smith-Waterman and CloudBurst alignment algorithms are evaluated for performance with the computation models, which are built from combinations of current technologies including Hadoop, SHadoop and Fair Scheduler, on the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) system. In our experiment with relatively small data sets, the computation model with SHadoop showed the best performance for both Smith-Waterman and CloudBurst algorithms, i.e., speedup of 1.86× and 1.19×, respectively, over the baseline model (with Hadoop). For relatively large data sets, the computation model with SHadoop showed the best performance with Smith-Waterman algorithm (1.03×) and the computation model with SHadoop plus Fair Scheduler showed the best performance with CloudBurst algorithm (1.15×).
The relationship between stuttering anticipation and verbal response time in adults who stutter

Objectives: The anticipation of stuttering is a common experience for many people who stutter. In this study, subjective ratings of stuttering anticipation were used to investigate the consistency of anticipation across time, beliefs about how anticipation affects the likelihood of stuttering, and the relationship between anticipation and verbal response time (VRT) in the perceptually fluent speech of 12 adults who stutter (AWS).Method: AWS used a visual analog scale to rate their beliefs about stuttering anticipation in general, and their degree of stuttering anticipation for 50 words at two separate visits that were separated by approximately 1 week. Participants performed a computer-prompted oral reading task with the same 50 words to obtain measures of VRT. Within-subject and group level correlations were used to explore relationships between stuttering anticipation, VRT, and stuttering severity.Results: Six of the participants had word-level stuttering anticipation ratings that were significantly cor...
Sleep Increases Susceptibility to the Misinformation Effect

Summary When individuals witness an event and are exposed to misleading postevent information, they often incorporate the misleading information into their memory for the original event, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect. The present study examined the role of sleep in the misinformation effect. Participants (N = 177) witnessed two events; were exposed to misleading postevent information immediately, 12 hours later the same day, 12 hours later the next day, or 24 hours later; and then took a recognition test. All groups demonstrated the misinformation effect, and this effect was larger in groups with an overnight retention interval. Signal detection analyses revealed that sleep decreased sensitivity. These results suggest that sleep increases susceptibility to the misinformation effect, which may occur because sleep results in gist-based representations of original events or because sleep improves learning of postevent information. Implications for interviewing eyewitnesses are discussed.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impression Management Use in Resumes and Cover Letters

This study contributes to the ecological validity of resume research by systematically examining the impression management (IM) content of actual resumes and cover letters and empirically testing the effect on applicant evaluation. A content analysis of the frequency and intensity of IM tactic use in 60 resumes and cover letters was completed (Study 1). Next, an experiment was conducted in which IM tactic use was manipulated and the effect on applicant evaluation examined, using a sample of MTurk workers as evaluators (Study 2). In Study 1, four self-promotion categories, three ingratiation categories, and one hybrid category were delineated. In Study 2, ingratiation and lower intensity self-promotion were found to increase perceptions of job and organization fit. Employers should be aware that resumes and cover letters contain IM tactics that may influence applicant evaluation. In addition, employment training programs might communicate the benefits of using ingratiation and lower intensity self-promotion, while emphasizing the importance of accurately conveying one’s qualifications. Furthermore, the present taxonomy of IM resume content might be applied to resume database search engines to identify and index IM tactic use. This research is the first to develop a taxonomy of IM tactics based on actual resumes and cover letters and may facilitate more comprehensive manipulations of IM tactic use and better integration of IM research across the selection process.