cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coming to terms with ADHD: how urban African-American families come to seek care for their children.

Objective: This study investigated how parents' interpretations of their child's disruptive or inattentive behaviors led them to seek medical care that resulted in a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Qualitative, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with parents of children who had been newly diagnosed as having ADHD (96% of the children were African American). The 26 participants were recruited from primary care, developmental and behavioral, and specialty mental health pediatric clinics affiliated with a large, urban teaching hospital. The analysis followed a grounded theory approach. Results: By the time that parents sought treatment for their child's ADHD, they had been through an extensive process to pinpoint their child's problems. Parents' conceptualizations emerged as they described their child's behavior, explained the situation, described how ADHD affected their children, and explained how they sought answers. Their reactions to the behavior and visions they had for their child's future reflected their motivation to manage the situation. Parents' conceptualization and management of the behaviors described the process of coming to terms with their child's ADHD and the need for care. Four distinct patterns describing this process emerged from the analysis: immediate resolution, pragmatic management, attributional ambivalence, and coerced conformance. Conclusions: It is likely that clinicians' awareness of the different approaches by which families come to the decision to seek care for their child's ADHD will allow clinicians to provide more responsive care and better tailor interventions to improve therapeutic outcomes for children receiving mental health treatments.
Partisan Ambivalence and Negative Campaigns: A Survey Experiment

Studies show that going negative does not always work in political campaigns, and yet candidates and consultants are rational people whose experience has persuaded them that it can be a winning strategy under the right circumstances. As scholars continue to explore what those circumstances might be, recent work by Lavine, Johnston, and Steenbergen (2012), suggests that when a stimulus/cue prompts partisan ambivalence, motivated reasoning should vitiate and a focus on the substance of the frame should increase. Based on this logic, it follows that a campaign attack against one’s opponent will be more effective among voters who express a mix of positive and negative feelings toward the parties because they are more focused on the substance of the attack than those who are less ambivalent. The following study uses experimental data derived from a national Internet survey of registered voters to examine the effectiveness of both campaign attacks and candidates’ responses (rebuttals) to those attacks among subjects with varying levels of partisan ambivalence. Our results show that ambivalence plays an occasionally meaningful but inconsistent moderating role across a range of campaign scenarios, more so with attacks than with responses.
Spectroscopy and Ultrafast Vibrational Dynamics of Strongly Hydrogen Bonded OH Species at the α-Al2O3(112̅0)/H2O Interface

Frequency and time-resolved vibrational sum frequency generation (vSFG) are used to investigate the behavior of water at the α-Al2O3(1120) surface. In addition to the typical water OH peaks (∼3200 and ∼3400 cm–1), the α-Al2O3(1120)/H2O interface shows an additional red-shifted feature at ∼3000 cm–1. Addition of ions (0.1 M NaCl) largely attenuates the water OH peaks but has little effect on the 3000 cm–1 peak. The 3000 cm–1 feature is assigned to the O–H stretch of surface aluminol groups and/or interfacial water molecules that are strongly hydrogen bonded to the alumina surface. Density functional theory calculations were performed to test this assignment, revealing the presence of both associated and dissociated H2O configurations (chemisorbed surface OH group) with frequencies at 3155 and 3190 cm–1, respectively, at a hydrated α-Al2O3(1120) surface. IR pump–vSFG probe measurements reveal that the interfacial OH species show very fast (<200 fs; bulk waterlike) vibrational relaxation dynamics, which i...
Analysis of Information Sources Used by Academic and Non Academic Employees of Selected Colleges of Agriculture in Oyo State in Nigeria

The study analysed the information sources to academic and non-academic employees of selected colleges of agriculture in Oyo State Nigeria. Study data were obtained from random sample of senior level CONTIS 8 and above) academic and non-academic employees of Federal College of Animal Health (FCAH) Moor Plantation, Ibadan and Federal College of Forestry (FCF) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Majority (75.3%) of the respondents were between the ages categories 30-40 years few (12.9%) were above 40 years old. Many (65.9%) were male, while 72.9% were married. Among the respondents, majority (78.9%) had only one child while majority (67%) had 5 years working experiences in their colleges. On the educational attainment, 31.8% had BSc. and MSc. degrees respectively while very few (4.7%) had PhD degree. The study found that majority (88.2%) of the respondents earns more than 1.3millon Naira/year (USD 8,417/year). The finding shows that the most frequent sources of information for academic staff include; Internet (=3.13), Journal publications (=3.10), and CD-ROM (=2.82) while the major sources of information to non-academic staff include Books (=3.12), other colleagues (=2.98) and Radio (=2.95). The t-test analysis comparing the significant difference in the information sources to academic and non-academic staff shows significant difference in the information sources between the two categories. Study concluded that employees of selected colleges of agriculture obtain information from many sources, but the most important of these sources include: newspaper, television, other research institutes and radio. Study recommended that the institutions should improve on these facilities to improve the quality of information the employees of these institutions are having access to.
Plasma Treatment Effects on Molecular Structures at Dense and Porous Low-k SiCOH Film Surfaces and Buried Interfaces

The effects of oxygen plasma treatment on molecular structures at low-k organosilicate (SiCOH) film surfaces and buried interfaces were investigated using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. SFG and Raman spectra were acquired from pristine and plasma-treated low-k SiCOH films to characterize the interfacial and bulk molecular structures of the films before and after plasma treatment. Two SiCOH films with similar molecular structures but different porosities were investigated to correlate the effects of plasma treatment to the porosity of low-k films. SFG spectra indicated that the surface molecular structure of dense SiCOH films was more resistant to plasma damage than the surface molecular structure of porous SiCOH films. Furthermore, the ratio of SFG peak intensities before and after plasma treatment enabled quantification of methyl depletion at the surface of SiCOH films after plasma treatment. The molecular structure at buried Si/SiCOH interfaces was charac...
Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 and glycoprotein IV (CD36) are expressed on circulating reticulocytes in sickle cell anemia

The abnormal adherence of red blood cells, especially circulating reticulocytes (erythrocyte precursors), to the endothelium is believed to contribute to vascular occlusion observed in patients with sickle cell disease. Although several plasma proteins including von Willebrand factor and fibronectin have been proposed to mediate this adhesion, the mechanism of sickle cell adhesion to the endothelium remains unknown. Using flow cytometry, we screened sickle red blood cells with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against known adhesion receptors and detected integrin subunits alpha 4 and beta 1 and the nonintegrin glycoprotein IV on reticulocytes but not on erythrocytes. No reactivity was detected against integrin subunits alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha v, beta 2, beta 3, integrin alpha IIb beta 3, or the nonintegrin glycoprotein Ib. Immunoprecipitation of reticulocytes with either alpha 4- or beta 1-specific antibodies identified the alpha 4 beta 1 complex (alpha 4(70) and alpha 4(80) forms), a receptor for fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. An antibody against glycoprotein IV, a receptor reported to bind thrombospondin and collagen, immunoprecipitated an 88-kD protein consistent with its reported M(r). MoAbs against alpha 4 and glycoprotein IV bound to an average of 4,600 and 17,500 sites per reticulocyte, respectively. Identification of alpha 4 beta 1 and glycoprotein IV on reticulocytes suggests both plasma-dependent and independent mechanisms of reticulocyte adhesion to endothelium and exposed extracellular matrix.
Gross-Immunity Tests in Animals with Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis and St. Louis Encephalitis Viruses:

SummaryIntracerebral inoculation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis virus caused a fatal encephalitis in rabbits and guinea pigs, whereas inoculation of St. Louis encephalitis virus caused a non-fatal pyrexia in guinea pigs and elicited no response in rabbits. Mice were equally susceptible to both viruses while rats were refractory. Guinea pigs recovered from EK infection were also immune to SLE and those animals recovered from SLE were immune to EK. Rabbits convalescent from SLE were immune to EK, but the reverse experiment could not be done. Although EK immune mice resisted SLE, the reverse was not completely true.
The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions

(1952). The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 59, No. 8, pp. 521-531.
Embedment stresses — An inexpensive and direct test method

Electronic devices embedded in resin are subject to stresses caused by chemical and thermal shrinkage of the resin. At low temperatures, stresses imparted to embedded components may be high enough to affect the performance of the device. A knowledge of the magnitude of these stresses is important in the selection of an embedment resin for a given application.
Weight loss: Long-term results in an ambulatory setting

The participants in this study who lost weight during the program tended to maintain weight loss over time. More than one-third of them attended additional programs to help maintain their weight loss.
Application of Tube-Nucleation Assays to Rapid Population Estimates of Rhizobacteria Expressing Novel Ice-Nucleation Activity

The populations of bacteria associated with the surfaces of individual plant parts are best described by a log-normal distribution for both phyllosphere (2) and rhizosphere colonizers (4). This widely varied population density on individual leaves or seedling root systems makes accurate representations of distribution and mean populations highly laborious due to the large number of replicate samples which are necessary for accuracy. The genetic analysis of biological control and other root colonizing bacteria demands a factorial evaluation of how rhizosphere competence in soil is affected by gene mutation, gene replacement, the introduction and expression of novel DNA, or novel regulation. Currently, dilution plating is the only feasible method of differentiating changes in colonization potential.
Content analysis across new media platforms: Methodological considerations for capturing media-rich data

Content analyses sway policy by describing the prevalence of mass media messages and implying effects. However, content-based research focusing ondynamic new media products such as websites, mobile applications, and video games presents methodological challenges. Our team recently conducted a large-scale content analysis exploring food marketing to children across media platforms, in which we captured and analyzed a variety of media-rich content. We consulted multiple sources to form our sampling frame, employed a complex sampling technique to allow for generalization of findings, used screen-capture software to record our exploration of media products, analyzed data using video coding software, and created a custom scale to determine the target audience of certain media products. We believe the steps we have taken may provide valuable insights into aspiring content analysts interested in studying media-rich content and address challenges that have been plaguing content analysts for the past two decades.
Phase II trial of the CDK4 inhibitor PD0332991 in patients with advanced CDK4-amplified liposarcoma.

10512 Background: Approximately 90% of well-differentiated / de-differentiated liposarcomas (WD/DDLS) have CDK4 amplification. The selective CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor PD0332991 inhibits growth and induce...
M2 macrophages induce ovarian cancer cell proliferation via a heparin binding epidermal growth factor/matrix metalloproteinase 9 intercellular feedback loop

// Molly J. Carroll 1 , Arvinder Kapur 2 , Mildred Felder 2 , Manish S. Patankar 2 , Pamela K. Kreeger 1, 3 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA 3 Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA Correspondence to: Pamela K. Kreeger, email: kreeger@wisc.edu Keywords: heparin binding epidermal growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, co-culture, paracrine signaling, bi-directional communication Received: August 12, 2016 Accepted: November 07, 2016 Published: November 19, 2016 ABSTRACT In ovarian cancer, a high ratio of anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages correlates with poor patient prognosis. The mechanisms driving poor tumor outcome as a result of the presence of M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear and are challenging to study with current techniques. Therefore, in this study we utilized a micro-culture device previously developed by our lab to model concentrated paracrine signaling in order to address our hypothesis that interactions between M2 macrophages and ovarian cancer cells induce tumor cell proliferation. Using the micro-culture device, we determined that co-culture with M2-differentiated primary macrophages or THP-1 increased OVCA433 proliferation by 10–12%. This effect was eliminated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) neutralizing antibodies and HBEGF expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ovarian cancer patients was 9-fold higher than healthy individuals, suggesting a role for HB-EGF in tumor progression. However, addition of HB-EGF at levels secreted by macrophages or macrophage-conditioned media did not induce proliferation to the same extent, indicating a role for other factors in this process. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9, which cleaves membrane-bound HB-EGF, was elevated in co-culture and its inhibition decreased proliferation. Utilizing inhibitors and siRNA against MMP9 in each population, we determined that macrophage-secreted MMP-9 released HB-EGF from macrophages, which increased MMP9 in OVCA433, resulting in a positive feedback loop to drive HB-EGF release and increase proliferation in co-culture. Identification of multi-cellular interactions such as this may provide insight into how to most effectively control ovarian cancer progression.
Interrelationships between Infliximab and Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Plasma Using Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

The soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important target for many therapeutic proteins used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biologics targeting TNF-α exert their pharmacologic effects through binding and neutralizing this cytokine and preventing it from binding to its cell surface receptors. The magnitude of their pharmacologic effects directly corresponds to the extent and duration of free TNF-α suppression. However, endogenous TNF-α is of low abundance, so it is quite challenging to assess the free TNF-α suppression experimentally. Here we have applied an experimental approach to bypass this difficulty by giving recombinant human TNF-α (rhTNF-α) to rats by s.c. infusion. This boosted TNF-α concentration enabled quantification of TNF-α in plasma. Free rhTNF-α concentrations were measured after separation from the infliximab-rhTNF-α complex using Dynabeads Protein A. The interrelationship of infliximab and TNF-α was assessed with minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for TNF-α and infliximab with a target-mediated drug disposition component. Knowledge of TNF-α pharmacokinetics allows reliable prediction of the free TNF-α suppression with either free or total TNF-α concentration profiles. The experimental and modeling approaches in our study may aid in the development of next-generation TNF-α inhibitors with improved therapeutic effects.
Hypochromism in Dimers

The transition of a nucleic acid from a random coil to a helical configuration is accompanied by a reduction in total integrated intensity in the 2600 A° absorption band. The general shape of the spectrum remains unaltered. This effect is known as hypochromism — it has also been observed in the absorption bands of nucleic acid polymers and polypeptides.
Effect of interface chemistry and strain rate on particle-matrix delamination in an energetic material

Abstract In this work, interface mechanical strength of a set of Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) interfaces is characterized using dynamic microscale impact experiments at strain rates up to 100 s−1. The experiments were conducted on the interfaces with varying amount of binding agent Tepanol with an impacter of radius 1 µm. Measurements of strain rates and plastic-residual depths were correlated to obtain the interface level strains and stresses. A power law viscoplastic constitutive model was fitted to the stress–strain-strain rate data in order to predict rate dependent constitutive behaviors of interfaces, particle, and matrix. An in-situ mechanical Raman spectroscopy (MRS) setup was used to analyze the effect of binding agent on interface level stress variation at different temperatures. The MRS setup is also used to obtain cohesive fracture separation properties in the analyzed samples including interface delamination strength and interface fracture energy. The measured cohesive fracture parameters capture the effect of interface chemistry variation. The cohesive parameters and the viscoplastic model obtained from the experiment were implemented in a cohesive finite element scheme to simulate dynamic crack propagation as well as delamination in model energetic material samples. Results quantify influence of the rate of loading and interface binding agent variation on rate dependent fracture. Results show that the time at which the interface delamination starts increases linearly with the increase in cohesive strength and decreases exponentially with an increase in loading rate.
Correction to: The Abecedarian Approach to Social, Educational, and Health Disparities

In the section “Ages 39–45 Outcomes,” an error was made by providing details from my ongoing collaborative research with colleagues on neuroanatomical effects (Farah et al 2017) and social decision-making (Luo et al 2017).
Learning Classifier Systems: The Rise of Genetics-Based Machine Learning in Biomedical Data Mining

Abstract The figurative “low hanging fruit” of biomedical research in the genomic age is quickly disappearing, leaving the complexity of common disease etiology. Methodologies that are both powerful and flexible will be required to deal with an array of phenomena that obscure the link between predictive factors and disease phenotypes. In this chapter, we highlight these challenges and explore learning classifier systems (LCSs) as a methodology for embracing complexity. These algorithms combine machine learning with evolutionary computing and other heuristics to produce an adaptive rule-set. Uniquely, the resulting “model” is a compendium of individual rules, each covering a subset of the problem space. LCS algorithms have the potential to play an important role in the future of biomedical data mining, as they make no assumptions about underlying patterns of association, including linearity, the number of features involved, the order of interactions, or the presence of heterogeneity.
INVITED PAPER: KONDO EFFECT, ONE AND TWO KONDO IMPURITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LATTICE PROBLEM

A review is given of certain aspects of the single-impurity Kondo problem and of the conduction-electron induced (“RKKY”) interaction between two magnetic impurities in a metallic host. The latter can be shown to exhibit a Kondo-like crossover at low temperature. The relevant temperature scale is described. A description of the scaling regimes and the crossovers in this problem is given; they depend on the sign and magnitude of the RKKY coupling. A comparison with numerical calculations is made and the connection of temperature scales and coherence in the two-impurity problem to phenomena in dense Kondo systems is made.
#HuelgaUPR: The Kidnapping of the University of Puerto Rico, Students Activism, and the Era of Trump

For the past 100 years, Puerto Rico as an unincorporated territory of the United States, has underwent economic hardship. In 2016, President Barack Obama signed into law a bill known as PROMESA (promise) to assist Puerto Rico in the reconstruction of the economy hoping to relieve the island from its 74 billion dollar debt. PROMESA proposed to cut funds to the island’s university system totaling roughly $450 million over three years. In the wake of the presidential administration changing from President Barack Obama to Donald Trump, Puerto Rico filed for bankruptcy. The University of Puerto Rico (UPR), the main public university system of the island, has become a site of protests and strikes for students due to proposed cuts in the fiscal plan submitted by Gov. Ricardo Rossello Nevares to the Fiscal Oversight & Management Board. All the universities in the UPR system are considered Hispanic Serving Institutions, producing college graduates that work on the island, but also stateside contributing to the United States economy. This study examines the #HuelgaUPR (strike UPR), adopted by student activists that attend college in the University of Puerto Rico system. We examine newspapers (local and national),and twitter as primary documents to understand student demands, UPR, and government responses to those demands. Through a content analysis, which is the study of sign systems intersecting with power, we seek to understand the activism that has always been a part of the culture within the UPR system. Our analysis uses Chicana/Latina feminist cultural studies and the four tenets: intersectionality and global solidarity, breaking down dualisms, the embracing of ambiguity, and the project of tracking decolonial agency. Our findings suggests that #HuelgaUPR movement illuminates how student activism issues of free speech have proliferated since the election of Trump, and how the students of UPR resist the “kidnapping” of their institution through civil disobedience and the use of social media.
Effects of cochlear-implant simulation on processing of vowel sequences by young normal-hearing listeners

To better understand the effects of listening environment on efficiency of phonetic processing, the present study examined the effects of signal degradation on phonetic processing of two-syllable sequences by normal-hearing listeners. Auditory temporal-order processing of American-English vowel sequences was compared across two listening conditions, each presented to a separate group of young, normal-hearing listeners: 1) unprocessed resynthesized stimuli and 2) stimuli that had been processed to simulate the signal produced by a 16-channel cochlear implant (CI). Using the methods of Fogerty, Humes and Kewley-Port [2010, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 127, 2509-2520], 70-ms resynthesized versions of the syllables “pit, pet, put,” and “pot” were presented in a two-syllable temporal-order processing task. Task difficulty was increased by decreasing syllable-onset asynchrony (SOA), i.e., the duration between syllable onsets. SOA thresholds for accuracy of syllable-sequence identification were estimated using the method of constant stimuli on each of four 72-trial blocks. Data analyzed to date show a threshold difference of approximately 20 ms between the unprocessed and CI-processed listener groups, or a difference in threshold of a factor of two or greater. Results will be discussed with regard to implications for phonetic processing of speech in challenging listening environments and practical implications for CI users. To better understand the effects of listening environment on efficiency of phonetic processing, the present study examined the effects of signal degradation on phonetic processing of two-syllable sequences by normal-hearing listeners. Auditory temporal-order processing of American-English vowel sequences was compared across two listening conditions, each presented to a separate group of young, normal-hearing listeners: 1) unprocessed resynthesized stimuli and 2) stimuli that had been processed to simulate the signal produced by a 16-channel cochlear implant (CI). Using the methods of Fogerty, Humes and Kewley-Port [2010, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 127, 2509-2520], 70-ms resynthesized versions of the syllables “pit, pet, put,” and “pot” were presented in a two-syllable temporal-order processing task. Task difficulty was increased by decreasing syllable-onset asynchrony (SOA), i.e., the duration between syllable onsets. SOA thresholds for accuracy of syllable-sequence identification were estimated using the metho...
Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score: Validation of a Simple Tool for the Prediction of Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background The Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) mortality risk score, derived from a large sample of patients with heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of ejection fra...
The effects of a wearable pulsed blue-red light patch on muscle recovery and fatigue (Conference Presentation)

Muscle fatigue can lead to decreased performance and be a precursor to muscle injury. We determine the effects of a novel blue 450 nm and red 630 LED light patch on repeated bouts of a reliable elbow flexion fatigue protocol. Methods: We enrolled 34 strength trained individuals and determined their 1 repetition maximum (RM) for a controlled elbow flexion task using their non-dominate arm. After at least 4 days rest the participants completed a fatigue task using a weight of 50% of their 1 RM. During the fatigue task a marker was set to 90° of elbow flexion. The participant complete elbow flexion repetitions at 25 rep/min. The task was stopped when the participant was unable to move the weight back to the marker or they were in the wrong position at the metronome beat. After the fatigue task a 30-minute active red-blue or sham treatment, determined by random assignment, was applied. The active treatment had a peak irradiance of 9 mW/cm2, 33% duty cycle, and fluence of 5.4 J/cm2. After the treatment, participants repeated the fatigue protocol with the same working weight (50% of 1 RM). The number of repetitions were counted during the pre- and post-treatment fatigue tasks. Results: 29.4% of active treatment participants improved the number of fatigue repetitions while no participants in the sham treatment improved during the post-treatment fatigue task (P = 0.045). Conclusion: The use of a blue-red flexible light patch over a muscle group can reduce muscle fatigue during repetitive intense exercises.
Proactive Seismic Rehabilitation Decision-Making for Water Pipe Networks Using Simulated Annealing

AbstractPast earthquakes have demonstrated that water pipes are susceptible to leaks and breaks during earthquakes. These leaks and breaks cause disruptions in water distribution and cause various ...
Sustainability innovations in transportation infrastructure: An overview of the special volume on sustainable road paving

Abstract: Due to the widespread use, improving the sustainability of any pavement structures will give the potential to deliver tremendous environmental, social, and economic benefits, and the increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have inspired the transportation agencies and practitioners to cycle more waste materials. To promote and take full advantages of the currently available innovative technologies in transportation infrastructure, a Special Volume (SV) of the Journal of Cleaner Production (JCPL) was initiated. This SV consists of 26 papers mainly from the 10th International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology (10th ICPT, 2017). Papers from regular submissions with the themes on Sustainability in Transportation Infrastructure were also included in the SV. This SV covers the following four themes: Theme 1 Sustainable asphalt paving mixtures; Theme 2 Sustainable cementitious pavement materials; Theme 3 Sustainable and eco-friendly pavement systems; Theme 4 Quantification of benefits and life cycle assessment.
Discontinuation Rates of Sacubitril/Valsartan at a Large, Community-Based Heart Failure Program: Demographic, Clinical and Payer Origin Associations

Introduction Despite promising results, limited data exist regarding patient characteristics leading to discontinuation of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) in larger community centers. Methods From July 2016 to March 2018, 193 consecutive patients prescribed S/V were identified by the Slicer/Dicer tool within EPIC EMR platform (Madison, WI). Patients who died prior to agent discontinuation were excluded from the analyses. For nominal data, Chi-squared and Fisher Exact tests were used while one-way ANOVA and linear regression models were used to explore continuous variable associations. Results A total of 178 eligible patients were identified. Baseline patient characteristics are described in the Table. S/V discontinuation rate was 19.7% (n=35), of which 31.4% were primarily attributed to high cost of the agent (n=11), while symptomatic hypotension was the most commonly reported clinical side-effect (37.1%, n=13). Of the patients who discontinued S/V, 94.2% initiated low dose therapy. Lack of S/V dose reduction (OR: 15.1, p Conclusion Higher rates of S/V discontinuation were noted compared to clinical trials with high cost as a notable cause. Clinical factors such as higher BUN and BNP and lower DBP may be important adjudicators for appropriate clinical use while patients tolerating higher beta-blocker dose may represent a robust cohort in whom S/V may be better tolerated. Our observed higher rates of intolerance despite conservative low dose S/V initiation may call for more concerted efforts for clinical assessment and non-traditional dose initiation. Confirmation of these observations are warranted with larger registries and prospective studies.
7 – Polyamine Metabolism

Publisher Summary Polyamines are low-molecular-weight molecules that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and which fulfil essential needs for growth, division, and differentiation. This chapter explains that polyamine metabolism by parasites differs in several ways from the mammalian host, these include, enzyme half-life, turnover, substrate specificity, types and quantities of polyamines produced. Polyamines are positively charged and associate with negatively charged molecules, such as phospholipids and nucleic acids through electrostatic interactions. Spermidine and spermine interact with DNA and also with tRNA. This binding is responsible in part for maintaining the conformation of these molecules. The interaction of polyamines with macromolecules makes the estimation of intracellular bound and unbound pool sizes difficult since disruption of cells frequently destroys cell compartments, promoting reassociation of amines. The production of the novel bis glutathionyl spermidine adduct by trypanosomatids, its role as an anti-oxidant and the protein structure of trypanothione reductase is discussed with respect to the more conventional glutathione reductase system. The role of S-adenosylmethionine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as critical precursors in the biosynthesis of the higher polyamines is explored with respect to differences in the function and control of the pathway by various parasites. The chapter concludes that polyamine biosynthesis in parasites is different from that of the host to afford multiple opportunities for drug development, these may aim at circumventing polyamine biosynthesis or at inhibiting precursors necessary for polyamine synthesis. ..
The Reducible Disulfide Proteome of Synaptosomes Supports a Role for Reversible Oxidations of Protein Thiols in the Maintenance of Neuronal Redox Homeostasis

The mechanisms by which neurons maintain redox homeostasis, disruption of which is linked to disease, are not well known. Hydrogen peroxide, a major cellular oxidant and neuromodulator, can promote reversible oxidations of protein thiols but the scope, targets, and significance of such oxidations occurring in neurons, especially in vivo, are uncertain. Using redox phenylarsine oxide (PAO)-affinity chromatography, which exploits the high-affinity of trivalent arsenicals for protein dithiols, this study investigated the occurrence of reducible and, therefore, potentially regulatory, protein disulfide bonds in Triton X-100-soluble protein fractions from isolated nerve-endings (synaptosomes) prepared from rat brains. Postmortem oxidations of protein thiols were limited by rapidly freezing the brains following euthanasia and, later, homogenizing them in the presence of the N-ethylmaleimide to trap reduced thiols. The reducible disulfide proteome comprised 5.4% of the total synaptosomal protein applied to the immobilized PAO columns and was overrepresented by pathways underlying ATP synaptic supply and demand including synaptic vesicle trafficking. The alpha subunits of plasma membrane Na+, K+-ATPase and the mitochondrial ATP synthase were particularly abundant proteins of the disulfide proteome and were enriched in this fraction by 3.5- and 6.7-fold, respectively. An adaptation of the commonly used "biotin-switch" method provided additional support for selective oxidation of thiols on the alpha subunit of the ATP synthase. We propose that reversible oxidations of protein thiols may underlie a coordinated metabolic response to hydrogen peroxide, serving to both control redox signaling and protect neurons from oxidant stress.
Corrosion behaviour of Zn-Ni alloy and Zn-Ni-nano-TiO2 composite coatings electrodeposited from ammonium citrate baths

Abstract Electrochemical and corrosion behaviour analysis of Zn-Ni alloy and Zn-Ni-nanoTiO2 composite coatings electrodeposited on steel from ammonium citrate containing bath was performed. The complexation of zinc and nickel ions in citrate stabilized the electroplating bath. The electrochemical behaviour of samples showed that Zn-Ni alloy with the incorporation of 0.003 mol/l of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles exhibited noble corrosion potential (Ecorr) and decreasing corrosion current (Icorr). This leads to increase impedance modulus with a more compact and durable uniform coating of 25.84 nm grain size. The surface characterization and crystalline phase texture of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) integrated with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The topographical structure of the coating was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The chemical composition result showed that the Zn-Ni+0.003TiO2 coating electrodeposited from a citrate bath in various immersion tests reduced dezincification in the coating. The presence of higher intensity of the γ-phases (γ-NiZn3) (815) and γ-Ni2Zn11 (330) (631) plane orientation and β-Ti phase provide better corrosion resistance performance of the coating. The most significant corrosion products for Zn-Ni alloy electroplating are simonkolleite, hydrozincite, zincite, and wulfingite.
Psychosocial Outcomes in Violently-Injured Youth: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Community violence is recognized as a vicious cycle and an increasingly important public health concern. This review aims to summarize recent literature describing pertinent psychosocial outcomes associated with violent victimization of youth. An understanding of strengths and gaps in this body of literature may guide future research and inform the design and evaluation of interventions going forward. Methods: A systematic review was performed via electronic searches of OVID/Medline, Scopus, Eric, and …
Influence of Personal Relationships on Selection of Civil Engineering as a Career

With the growing demand for civil engineers in the United States, understanding factors that influence students to select civil engineering as a major in college can lead to valuable insights for recruitment of future civil engineers. The influential factor that this paper analyzed and discussed is the impact of personal relationships on a student's decision to become a civil engineer. The most influential person was the father, with 40.7% of students specifically reporting that their father influenced their decision to pursue civil engineering. The second most influential figures were high school teachers in the STEM disciplines, where 11.2% of the students mentioned that either a math or science teacher influenced their decision. Unique to BYU, 9.8% of students mentioned the influence of church leaders and church members. Based on these findings, recruitment of civil engineering students to BYU will be most effective through outreach to fathers and STEM teachers.
Intimate Partner Violence in Male-Dominant Sports Culture

Professional sports figures are generally revered in American culture. Some of these exalted athletes have been implicated in the perpetration of intimate partner violence. The occurrence of such incidences in this population calls national attention to the matter of domestic violence. The spotlight of national attention can be particularly helpful in creating awareness about this ubiquitous public health problem. However, the fleeting glare of national attention can be undermining and frustrating to advocates who oppose intimate partner violence. Often, athletes who have committed intimate partner violence enjoy the protection of fame, fortune, and continued admiration—even after they perpetrate violence. This level of privilege, advocates argue, potentially trivializes intimate partner violence by creating a false impression of it being a consequence-free act.
Epistemic Injustice from Afar: Rethinking the Denial of Armenian Genocide

Genocide denialism is an understudied topic in the epistemic injustice scholarship; so are epistemic relations outside of the Euro-American context. This article proposes to bring the literature in...
The education of emergent bilinguals with disabilities: State of practice

In 1968, Lloyd Dunn wrote a classic article on the over-representation of “socioculturally deprived” children in special education programs. He attributed disproportionality to several factors, inc...
A Cloud-Connected Multi-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Sensor Ring

The ability to acquire multi-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in a timely manner is critical to patient survival and better clinical outcomes after acute cardiac events, including myocardial infarctions (MI). However, current wearable ECG devices do not provide the traditional 12-lead information needed for clinical MI diagnosis. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first finger-ring-shaped ECG sensor that can provide asynchronously derived 12-lead ECGs by sequentially placing the ring on eight defined locations on the body. We demonstrate that the sensor performance is comparable to that of a clinical 12-lead ECG machine in a human subject study. The ring ECG sensor has an input-referred electronics noise floor of less than 10uV (peak-to-peak) with a 480X gain and a bandwidth of $0.16\sim 156$ Hz. The battery lasts $\sim 5$ days under normal usage. The ring sensor can also wirelessly upload data to a cloud-based medical IoT informatics system via a smartphone gateway. Combined with advancements in cloud computing, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence, this on-demand IoT ECG sensor can potentially help high-risk cardiac patients reduce prehospital delays and seek timely life-saving interventions.
Comparison of K+ Channel Families.

K+ channels enable potassium to flow across the membrane with great selectivity. There are four K+ channel families: voltage-gated K (Kv), calcium-activated (KCa), inwardly rectifying K (Kir), and two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels. All four K+ channels are formed by subunits assembling into a classic tetrameric (4x1P = 4P for the Kv, KCa, and Kir channels) or tetramer-like (2x2P = 4P for the K2P channels) architecture. These subunits can either be the same (homomers) or different (heteromers), conferring great diversity to these channels. They share a highly conserved selectivity filter within the pore but show different gating mechanisms adapted for their function. K+ channels play essential roles in controlling neuronal excitability by shaping action potentials, influencing the resting membrane potential, and responding to diverse physicochemical stimuli, such as a voltage change (Kv), intracellular calcium oscillations (KCa), cellular mediators (Kir), or temperature (K2P).
Indonesia's Courts of Industrial Relations: Context, Structure, and a Look Surabaya Cases

Indonesia established special courts for labor relations in 2004, but little systematic research has been conducted on these to date. This paper examines the legacy of the P4 system, which preceded the labor courts, the structure and political role of the new labor courts, and patterns of adjudication in one of the largest and most heavily used such courts - in the capital of East Java, Surabaya. While no one pattern predominates, we can find instances of judicialization, forum shopping, bureaucratic competition, and less coherent paradigms across the cases that came before the courts in their first several years.N.B.: This paper has been accepted for publication but is still undergoing copy editing. Some minor changes may thus be made before it is appears in the journal.
Statistical Reasoning in Sports

A unique and powerful way to introduce the principles of statistical reasoning, Statistical Reasoning in Sports features engaging examples and a student-friendly approach. Starting from the very first chapter, students are able to ask questions, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions using randomization tests. Is it harder to shoot free throws with distractions? We explore this question by designing an experiment, collecting the data, and using a hands-on simulation to analyze the results. Completely covering the Common Core Standards for Probability and Statistics, Statistical Reasoning in Sports is an accessible and fun way to learn about Statistics!
Long-term effects of food deprivation: II. Impact on morphine reactivity

Exposure to a series of inescapable shocks elicits a hormonally mediated opioid hypoalgesia in rats. In addition, it has a long-term effect on the opioid system: it increases reactivity to a low dose of morphine. Here we looked at whether another manipulation that elicits a hormonally mediated opioid hypoalgesia—food deprivation—has a similar sensitizing effect. Subjects were placed on a restricted diet for 48 h. Opiate reactivity was then assessed 24 h after food was returned. In Experiment 1, previously food-deprived subjects exhibited a stronger hypoalgesia on the tailflick test 30 min after an injection of morphine. In Experiment 2, a history of food deprivation increased the duration of morphine hypoalgesia as well as its onset. In Experiment 3, food deprivation per se induced hypoalgesia, but only during the early part of the dark cycle.
Histamine and the striatum.

The neuromodulator histamine is released throughout the brain during periods of wakefulness. Combined with an abundant expression of histamine receptors, this suggests potential widespread histaminergic control of neural circuit activity. However, the effect of histamine on many of these circuits is unknown. In this review we will discuss recent evidence for histaminergic modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry, and specifically its main input nucleus; the striatum. Furthermore, we will discuss recent findings of histaminergic dysfunction in several basal ganglia disorders, including in Parkinson's disease and most prominently, in Tourette's syndrome, which has led to a resurgence of interest in this neuromodulator. Combined, these recent observations not only suggest a central role for histamine in modulating basal ganglia activity and behaviour, but also as a possible target in treating basal ganglia disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Histamine Receptors’.
Globalization, NGOs and Multi-Sectoral Relations

This paper seeks to make sense of the impact of globalization on nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations. We argue that globalization processes have contributed to the rising numbers and influence of NGOs in many countries, and particularly in the international arena. International NGOs and NGO alliances are emerging as increasingly influential players in international decision-making, and we discuss some of the roles they can be expected to play in the future. We consider whether the emergence of domestic and international NGOs as important policy makers strengthens or weakens the future of democratic accountability, and we suggest several patterns of interaction among civil society, government and business in future governance issues.
Re-examining Machine Translation Metrics for Paraphrase Identification

We propose to re-examine the hypothesis that automated metrics developed for MT evaluation can prove useful for paraphrase identification in light of the significant work on the development of new MT metrics over the last 4 years. We show that a meta-classifier trained using nothing but recent MT metrics outperforms all previous paraphrase identification approaches on the Microsoft Research Paraphrase corpus. In addition, we apply our system to a second corpus developed for the task of plagiarism detection and obtain extremely positive results. Finally, we conduct extensive error analysis and uncover the top systematic sources of error for a paraphrase identification approach relying solely on MT metrics. We release both the new dataset and the error analysis annotations for use by the community.
Growth of the syntrophic anaerobic acetogen, strain PA-1, with glucose or succinate as energy source.

Strain PA-1 (S. Barik, W.J. Brulla, and M.P. Bryant, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:304-310, 1985) is an anaerobic, gram-negative rod that in pure culture decarboxylates succinate to propionate and that grows syntrophically as an acetogen with the H2 utilizer Methanospirillum hungatei if glucose, pyruvate, aspartate, or fumarate is provided. In pure culture, strain PA-1 grows optimally in a medium containing 5% ruminal fluid, 0.1% yeast extract, a 4:1 N2-CO2 gas phase, and 20 mM succinate. With the PA-1 plus M. hungatei coculture, good growth was obtained with 7.5 mM glucose and tryptophan could replace the yeast extract. Strain PA-1 in pure culture grew quite well in glucose medium if the large headspace was flushed intermittently with N2. Flushing with H2 inhibited this growth.