cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High conduction neutron absorber to simulate fast reactor environment in an existing test reactor

A new metal matrix composite material has been developed to serve as a thermal neutron absorber for testing fast reactor fuels and materials in an existing pressurized water reactor. The performance of this material was evaluated by placing neutron fluence monitors within shrouded and unshrouded holders and irradiating for up to four cycles. The monitor wires were analyzed by gamma and X-ray spectrometry to determine the activities of the activation products. Adjusted neutron fluences were calculated and grouped into three bins—thermal, epithermal, and fast—to evaluate the spectral shift created by the new material. A comparison of shrouded and unshrouded fluence monitors shows a thermal fluence decrease of ~11 % for the shielded monitors. Radioisotope activity and mass for each of the major activation products is given to provide insight into the evolution of thermal absorption cross-section during irradiation. The thermal neutron absorption capability of the composite material appears to diminish at total neutron fluence levels of ~8 × 1025 n/m2. Calculated values for dpa in excess of 2.0 were obtained for two common structural materials (iron and nickel) of interest for future fast flux experiments.
Conservation in Hine’s sight: the conservation genetics of the federally endangered Hine’s emerald dragonfly, Somatochlora hineana

Hine’s emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana) is distributed in discrete fen and wet meadow habitats over its range from Ontario, Canada, to Missouri, USA. Habitat destruction in the vicinity of Chicago, IL, and other areas lead to its designation as an US federal endangered species in 1995. Our main goal was to delineate the population genetic structure of the species within the northern recovery unit centered on the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin and the southern recovery unit in the Des Plaines River Valley near Chicago, IL. Sites on the Door Peninsula, WI, are in a matrix of agricultural development and second-growth forest and were used as a best available approximation of a pristine system for the dragonfly. We nondestructively sampled 557 adults and larvae from 16 sites in Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin from 2008 through 2011 and used ten microsatellite markers to estimate levels of genetic variability, and genetic structure. Mean allelic richness across all sites and years was 5.03 (±0.64) and expected heterozygosity was 0.52 (±0.032). Northern and southern recovery units as designated in the original recovery plan were genetically distinct. We delineated two genetic populations in the northern unit and three within the southern including two disjunct sites.
Saying and Showing: Radical Themes in Wittgenstein's On Certainty

There are themes in Wittgenstein's later work which are extremely radical. By ‘radical’ I mean both that they cut to the very root of crucial philosophical issues, and that they tend to be ignored by the established philosophical positions of the day. More specifically, these themes focus on the understanding of epistemological bedrock, and they lead in directions about which it is difficult to get a hearing in major philosophical circles.
Acute effects of pituitary gonadotrophins on the metabolism of isolated rat ovaries.

Since many experimental data indicate that enhanced amino acid uptake accompanies the hormonal stimulation of growth in certain target tissues, a study was made of the action of pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) on the transport of the nonutilizable amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), into isolated rat ovaries. Ovarian glucose uptake and oxygen consumption were also measured. Whole ovaries from prepubertal and hypophysectomized rats were incubated for 2 hr in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer containing AIB-C14 and glucose. At the end of the incubation period, the amount of radioactivity in the cell water and glucose uptake from the medium were measured. It was found that injection of FSH in one intravenous dose 4 hr before removal of the ovaries consistently and significantly stimulated the accumulation of AIB-C14 by the isolated ovaries. Neither ovarian glucose uptake nor oxygen consumption was stimulated by the intravenous injection of FSH. Addition of FSH directly to the incubation medium did no...
Preoperative assessment of myometrial invasion of endometrial adenocarcinoma by sonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The presence and/or depth of myometrial invasion of endometrial adenocarcinoma has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Fifteen patients with histologically proven endometrial cancer underwent preoperative evaluation with sonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess depth of invasion. Using criteria of greater than or equal to 50% of myometrial wall involvement as representing deep invasion, and less than 50% as superficial invasion, US was more accurate than MRI in five cases; in three MRI was more accurate than US; both MRI and US were equally accurate in four; neither was accurate in three. Polypoid lesions caused the greatest number of false positive reports of deep invasion with both MRI and US. Preliminary results indicate that US and MRI have promise as preoperative tests to assess the extent of myometrial invasion.
Histone inhibition of DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells permeable to macromolecules

Abstract Mouse L Cells, grown in suspension culture can be rendered permeable to exogenous deoxynucleoside triphosphates by a cold shock in a near isotonic buffer system. These cells use the deoxynucleotides to synthesize DNA in a semiconservative fashion. The addition of 0.05% Triton X-100 to this system increases the permeability of the cells so that exogenously supplied macromolecules gain access to the DNA. When DNAase and phosphodiesterase are added to the detergent-permeabilized cells, the cell DNA is rapidly degraded, demonstrating that the enzymes reach the DNA within the first 2 min of the incubation period. Addition of whole calf thymus histone or histone fractions to the detergent-permeabilized cells inhibits DNA synthesis. The lysine-rich histone, F1 is a more effective inhibitor than the arginine-rich histone, F3. The other histone fractions including the slightly lysine-rich fractions, F2a and F2b, are intermediate between F1 and F3 as inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the added histones increase apparent K m and reduce V of DNA synthesis in the permeabilized cells. These studies suggest the possibility that histones alter the association of the DNA replication complex and the DNA template in a manner that reduces the rate of DNA synthesis.
MECHANISM OF 2:1 ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK IN INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL LONG QT SYNDROME

The mechanism of 2:1 atrioventricular block in infants with the congenital long QT syndrome has been postulated to result from a long ventricular effective refractory period interrupting conduction of successive sinus impulses. Three infants age 1-2 days exhibited bradycardia demonstrated to be 2:1 atrioventricular block by the surface electrocardiogram. Mean sinus cycle length (SCL) was 0.56 sec where as mean QT interval was 0.65 sec (QTc 0.63); this .07 sec difference between the SCL and mean QTc was sufficient to block successful capture of the ventricles by successive sinus impulses. Programmed ventricular extrastimulation in one patient demonstrated a markedly prolonged ventricular effective period (480 sec) at ventricular basic cycle length (BCL) 1000 msec shortening to 280 msec with a ventricular BCL of 400 msec. Permanent ventricular pacing shortened the ventricular effective refractory period in each infant and effectively suppressed polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias in the affected two. We conclude that the mechanism of 2:1 atrioventricular block in infants with the congenital long QT syndrome is a function of the age related SCL relative to the QT interval as well as the markedly prolonged but rate dependent ventricular effective refractory period. Ventricular pacemaker implant is effective in increasing ventricular rate, shortening ventricular effective refractory period, and suppressing complex ventricular arrhythmias.
Identification of L-type calcium channels associated with kappa opioid receptors in human placenta

Transduction pathways of kappa receptor activation are not fully understood. Human placenta at term expresses only this type of opioid receptors and therefore offers a unique advantage for such investigations. It has previously been postulated that kappa receptors-mediated modulation of acetylcholine and placental lactogen release from human placentas require the influx of extracellular calcium and into the cells, possibly via voltage-dependent channels. We report here that another opioid-regulated placental function, the release of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), depends on extracellular calcium and the modality of its influx via L-type channels. Data presented demonstrated that the stimulation of hCG secretion by the kappa-selective agonist U69,593 was abolished in presence of either EGTA or the calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Results obtained on the combined effect of opioids and dihydropyridines indicated that placental kappa opioid receptors could be directly coupled to L-type calcium channels. The identification of the latter in villus membrane preparations, reported here for the first time, further contributes to the hypothesis that, in human placenta, kappa receptors-linked transduction mechanisms involve calcium and its conductance across villus membranes.
Fatigue crack propagation in iron and Fe-Mo solid solution alloys (77 to 296 K)

Fatigue crack propagation data were obtained for iron and Fe-Mo solid solution alloys through the ductile-brittle transition temperature (77 to 296 K). The fatigue crack growth rates were found to decrease with decreasing temperature for each alloy and to decrease with increasing solute content at 296 K but to increase with solute content at 77 K. These results are discussed in terms of the wide range of mechanical properties observed for the materials. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth rates are inversely proportional to a plastic work term and the square of a characteristic stress approximated by the yield or ultimate stress.
Increased field of view via nonlinear digital holography

All imaging systems have limitations to their field of view. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that wave mixing due to spatial nonlinearity can increase this parameter.
Extracardiac Atrial Switch for Anatomical Repair in Variants of ccTGA

Successful anatomical repair in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries depends on adequate re-routing of the atrial venous pathways. Abnormal positioning of the heart or abnormal venous drainage, or both, can impair access to the atrial pathways and previous palliative procedures can further complicate the reconstruction required to achieve anatomical repair. We describe 2 patients in whom the systemic venous anatomy was such that atrial switch was more easily accomplished by extracardiac re-routing than with the conventional Senning procedure.
Structure and dynamics of t-butyldimethylsilyl amides

A series of N-alkyl- and N-aryl-t-butyldimethylsilyl amides have been prepared by amination and their structures determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy. Like their trimethylsilyl counterparts, the N-alkyl derivatives exist as amides while the N-aryl derivates exist as amide/imidate mixtures. The percentage of imidate and the free energies of activation for the imidate/amide exchange in the aryl derivatives are greater than those in the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The barriers to rotation in the amide form of the aryl derivatives are similar to those of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The barrier for rotation in t-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyl formamide, however, is lower than that of the trimethylsilyl derivative. Isomer ratios and free energies of activation are rationalized in terms of the steric effect of the t-butyl group.
Negative-Impedance Converters

The conditions under which an active device exhibits an input impedance at one terminal pair which is exactly the negative of the load impedance connected to the other terminal pair are discussed. There are an infinite number of ways by which such a device, which is called a negative-impedance converter (NIC), can be made. One of the limits of this set is represented by a transistor circuit which was discussed previously by Linvill; the other limit, by a new circuit introduced recently. Practical negative-impedance converters are not exact; however, they may be made so by the addition of a pair of compensating impedances. The parameters of the NIC which most affect circuit performance are indicated as a guide to NIC design. Two typical transistor NIC circuits are compared on this basis. Experimental results are given.
Identification of a third rhodopsin-like pigment in phototactic Halobacterium halobium.

Abstract Mutant Halobacterium halobium strains deficient in all previously reported rhodopsin-like pigments show phototaxis responses comparable to those of wild-type strains. Spectroscopic analysis reveals the presence of a third retinal-containing pigment in the cells and their membrane fractions. It undergoes a photoreaction cycle with a half-time of approximately equal to 1 sec at room temperature and at physiological light intensities the photostationary state of the pigment consists of two species, one absorbing in the 580- to 590-nm region and the other at 373 nm, both of which are photoactive. Illumination of the long-wavelength species generates the 373-nm intermediate, which upon photoexcitation reconverts to the long-wavelength form. Therefore, changes in the relative light intensities in the long- and short-wavelength regions of the visible spectrum cause opposing shifts in the photostationary state. The spectral sensitivity of this pigment correlates with the color-discriminating phototaxis sensitivities of this organism and strongly suggests that it is the sensory photoreceptor.
PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVITY IN INTRAPULMONARY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF PERINATAL LAMBS

Abstract The transition from fetal to newborn life is marked by a reduction in pulmonary vascular tone mediated by the intracellular second messengers, cGMP and cAMP. We have compared the rates of phosphodiesterase (PDE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of cGMP and cAMP in intrapulmonary vessels of fetal (146 ± 2 days gestation) and newborn (3–7-day-old) lambs, each n = 6. Lung vessels of second to sixth generations were dissected and cytosol was prepared by differential centrifugation. PDE activity in cytosol was determined by radiometric assay of the hydrolysis of exogenous nucleotides at 30°C for 10 min. Rates of hydrolysis (pmol/min/mg protein) of cGMP were 225 ± 38 in fetal arteries and different from 151 ± 7 in veins. In newborn vessels, the rates were 155 ± 49 and 63 ± 13 in arteries and veins, respectively. Rates of cAMP hydrolysis by the fetus were 80 ± 11 in arteries and 45 ± 16 veins. In newborn lambs the rates were 69 ± 10 in arteries and different from 18 ± 4 in veins. Inhibition of PDE activity by zaprinast, a cGMP-specific PDE inhibitor, and rolipram, a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor, was more in veins of fetal and newborn lambs. Our data show that rates of hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotides were faster in fetal vessels than in the newborn. We speculate that this would result in a greater accumulation of the cyclic nucleotides in newborn vessels, particularly the veins, and therefore endow the veins with less vascular tone.
Heparin modulates the secretion of a major excreted protein-like molecule by vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract Previous work from our laboratory has shown that heparin specifically induces the release of a pair of proteins of approximately 35 000 and 37 000 Da into the culture medium of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). In this report, we demonstrate that the previously identified 37 000-Da smooth muscle protein is composed of two protein species with very similar molecular weights based on migration pattern in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The larger molecular weight species in this doublet has a similar molecular weight and shares antigenic determinants with major excreted protein (MEP), a lysosomal proteinase previously shown to be secreted by normal and transformed fibroblasts and epidermal cells. Antisera to MEP precipitated the higher molecular weight band from the doublet; preimmune serum was not reactive with the smooth muscle protein. Exposure of smooth muscle cells to heparin resulted in decreased amounts of immunoprecipitable protein released into the medium. Thus, it now appears that three proteins in the 35 000–38 000 molecular weight range are modulated by heparin, and that the largest of the heparin-modulated vascular SMC proteins has a similar molecular weight and is immunologically related to MEP. The release of MEP-like protein from SMC is decreased by heparin, while the remaining two heparin-modulated proteins are increased in the presence of heparin.
Prolonged QRS duration and severity of mitral regurgitation are unfavorable prognostic markers of heart failure in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background The goal of the present study was to identify predictors of event-free survival in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and β-blockers. Methods and Results The study group comprised 78 consecutive patients with NIDCM between 1997 and 2002. NIDCM was defined as ejection fraction (EF) 55 mm on echocardiography and normal coronary angiography. The mean EF and LVEDD was 26.3±10.5%, and 62.9±7.1 mm, respectively. Patients were treated with optimal medical therapy including ACEI/ARBs and/or β-blockers and followed up for 35.6±27.8 months. The primary endpoint was either cardiac death or hospitalization because of deterioration of heart failure. Cox's regression analysis was used to establish the association of age, sex, EF, LVEDD, left atrial diameter, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, QRS duration, severity of mitral regurgitation, body mass index, New York Heart Association class and the presence of atrial fibrillation with these events. During follow-up, 23 patients reached the primary endpoint. In a multivariate analysis, EF (chi-square 5.74, p=0.0166), severity of mitral regurgitation (chi-square 12.31, p=0.0004), and QRS duration (chi-square 11.20, p=0.0008) remained significant predictors. Conclusion In NIDCM patients, prolonged QRS duration is a high risk factor for remodeling and unfavorable events. The severity of mitral regurgitation was also a strong risk predictor. (Circ J 2006; 70: 57 - 62)
Evaluation of pooled allelotyping versus individual genotyping for genome-wide association analysis of complex disease

Background Recent advances in genotyping techniques and genomic knowledge via the Hap Map and Human Genome projects allow for true Genome-Wide Association (GWA) analysis for common complex diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. A major obstacle in GWA analysis is the prohibitively high cost of genotyping the possibly thousands of individuals necessary to achieve statistical significance of results. One potential solution is to pool the DNA of case and control populations and to determine the genotype allele frequency differences in these populations by pooled allelotyping. While pooling can dramatically save time and money, it also adds sources of error. Our work has created a system process that allows for direct evaluation and comparison of pooled allelotyping to individual genotyping for GWA association analysis of complex disease.
Kinetic parameters for the elimination reaction catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase and an estimation of the reaction's physiological significance

Kinetic parameters for triosephosphate isomerase catalysis of the elimination reaction of an equilibrium mixture of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (DGAP) to form methylglyoxal and phosphate ion are reported for the enzyme from rabbit muscle. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the disappearance of substrate (kelim) were determined for reactions at [Enzyme] much greater than [Substrate]. The second-order rate constant kEnz = 10.1 M-1 s-1 was determined from a plot of kelim against enzyme concentration. The kinetic parameters, determined from a steady-state kinetic analysis at [Substrate] much greater than [Enzyme], are kcat = 0.011 s-1, Km = 0.76 mM, and kcat/Km = 14 M-1 s-1. The estimated rate-constant ratio for partitioning of the enzyme-bound intermediate between protonation at carbon 2 and elimination, 1,000,000, is much larger than the ratio of 6.5 determined for the reaction of the enediolate phosphate in a loose complex with quinuclidinonium cation, a small buffer catalyst. There is a 10(5)-10(8)-fold decrease in the rate constant for the elimination reaction of the enediolate phosphate when this species binds to triosephosphate isomerase. The kinetic parameters for the elimination reaction catalyzed by the native triosephosphate isomerase and for the reaction catalyzed by a mutant form of the enzyme, which is missing a segment that forms hydrogen bonds with the phosphate group of substrate [Pompliano, D. L., Peyman, A., & Knowles, J. R. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 3186-3194] are similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and endogenous inhibitors within ascending aortic aneurysms of patients with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valves

Objective The mechanisms contributing to ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms associated with bicuspid aortic valves may differ from ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms with tricuspid aortic valves. Matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors have been causally linked to ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm formation. This study tested the hypothesis that specific and different matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase profiles would be observed in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm samples from patients with bicuspid aortic valves versus tricuspid aortic valves. Methods Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm samples taken from patients with bicuspid aortic valve (n = 53) and patients with tricuspid aortic valve (n = 46) were assessed for representative subtypes of all matrix metalloproteinase classes and all 4 known tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Levels were compared [optical density units, median (interquartile range)] both to reference control ascending aortic samples (n = 26) and within each valve group by aneurysm diameter (≤3.9 cm, 4.0-5.9 cm and ≥6.0 cm). Results Different and specific matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase profiles were observed in the ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm groups. In bicuspid aortic valves, matrix metalloproteinase-2 increased by 34% when compared with either tricuspid aortic valves or control ( P P P P Conclusions A unique matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase portfolio was observed in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms from patients with bicuspid aortic valve compared with patients with tricuspid aortic valve. These differences, suggesting disparate mechanisms of extracellular matrix remodeling, may provide unique biochemical targets for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm prognostication and treatment in these 2 groups of patients.
First domain encoding sequence mediates human class II beta-chain gene cross-hybridization.

HLA class II molecules are surface heterodimers which are essential in the initiation of immune responses. The amount of polymorphism expressed by the different class II molecules is largely dependent on the polymorphic structure of their beta chains. Cross-hybridization between, class II beta genes frequently hampered restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of donor genomic DNA. In this report we show that the cross-hybridization between human class II beta genes is mediated by a region of high homology, rich in C and G residues, between the first domain encoding sequences of DP, DQ, and DR genes. The removal of the DNA segment containing this region from the fragments used as labeled probes against the corresponding fragments of the genes at other loci or against endonuclease digested genomic DNA completely eliminated or drastically reduced the cross-hybridization. Also, the RFLP patterns generated with the shortened probes were more informative and much simpler to interpret than were these generated with probes made from the original genes.
Transcendence in the Light of Redemption: Adorno and the Legacy of Rosenzweig and Benjamin

Un certain nombre de penseurs juifs du XX e siecle comme Theodor Adorno, Franz Rosenzweig et Walter Benjamin ont propose des strategies philosophiques grâce auxquelles la transcendance de l'identite pouvait etre soutenue. Chacun etait engage dans une forme de pluralisme ontologique dans lequel on pouvait echapper aux ravages du systeme. Le projet anti-systemique d'Adorno s'inscrit dans la tradition de la theologie negative juive parvenue jusqu'a lui par les travaux de Benjamin et Rosenzweig. Une etude de la maniere dont ces travaux ont ete assimiles par Adorno fait comprendre comment le pluralisme ontologique post-moderne s'est transforme en projet
Low-cost high-resolution computed tomography

Relatively low-cost high-resolution computed tomography can be implemented using a detector based on a self scanned linear array. Images from samples larger than the detector length can be obtained by translating the sample and acquiring the sinogram in more than one step. The reconstruction is performed in software using a personal computer.
Intracavitary electrode catheter cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias in the dog.

This study examined factors determining efficacy of intracavitary cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias in closed chest, anesthetized dogs with talc pericarditis. Electrode catheters were positioned transvenously with the cathode in the right atrial appendage. In Group 1 dogs (n = 6), three anode sites (superior and inferior venae cavae ostia and mid-right atrium) were tested with graded energy shocks to determine the lowest effective cardioversion energy at each anode position. In Group 2 dogs (n = 9), multiple cardioversion attempts with energy levels of 0.01 to 5.0 J were used to evaluate reproducibility of energy thresholds. In Group 3 dogs (n = 6) without talc-induced pericarditis, atrial pathologic study was done after five intracavitary shocks (0.5 or 5.0 J). In Group 1, cardioversion was achieved with 0.75 J or less with no significant difference in minimal effective cardioversion energies among the three anode positions tested. In Group 2, 98 (26%) of 372 cardioversion attempts were successful. Intra-animal minimal effective cardioversion energies varied widely, and timing of shocks relative to atrial electrograms did not influence efficacy. Complications were infrequent and included delayed sinus rhythm recovery, transient atrioventricular block and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 9 (2.4%) of 372 shocks, and was associated with higher delivered energies (6 of 9 with ≥ 1.0 J) and with shocks delivered 116 to 180 ms after onset of the QRS complex. In Group 3, two dogs had no histologic damage, three dogs had multiple small foci of subendocardial necrosis and in one dog these foci coalesced to involve half the atrial wall thickness. Thus, low energy cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias is feasible using intracavitary electrodes. Synchronization of energy delivery to the QRS complex is important to minimize risk of ventricular fibrillation.
Ocular adnexal lymphoma: Clinical behavior of distinct World Health Organization classification subtypes

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical behavior and treatment outcome of ocular adnexal lymphomas classified by the World Health Organization system, with emphasis on marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Methods and materials The clinicopathologic materials from 98 consecutive patients treated for ocular adnexal lymphoma were reviewed. Fourteen patients had prior lymphoma and 84 patients had primary disease (75% Stage I, 6% Stage III, and 19% Stage IV). Radiation (photons/electrons) was administered to 102 eyes to a median dose of 30.6 Gy. The mean follow-up was 82 months. Results The most common subtypes among the primary patients were MALT (57%) and follicular (18%) lymphoma. The 5-year actuarial local control rate in 102 irradiated eyes was 98%. Among the low-grade lymphomas, the 5-year local control rate correlated with the radiation dose in the MALT lymphoma subgroup ( n = 53): 81% for p n = 30), the local control rate was 100% regardless of dose. For 39 Stage I MALT lymphoma patients treated with radiation alone, the distant relapse-free survival rate was 75% at 5 years and 45% at 10 years. Distant relapses were generally isolated and successfully salvaged by local therapy. The overall survival for this subgroup was 81% at 10 years, with no deaths from lymphoma. Conclusion Dose–response data suggest that the optimal radiation dose for MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa is 30.6–32.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions and follicular lymphoma is adequately controlled with doses in the mid-20 Gy range. The substantial risk of distant relapse in Stage I ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma underscores the importance of long-term follow-up for this disease and the need for additional comparative studies of MALT lymphoma of different anatomic sites.
Do unmet expectations for specific tests, referrals, and new medications reduce patients’ satisfaction?

BACKGROUND: Patient-centered care requires clinicians to recognize and act on patients’ expectations. However, relatively little is known about the specific expectations patients bring to the primary care visit.
Archibald Clark Kerr, Averell Harriman, and the fate of the wartime alliance

This essay examines how the divergent personalities, emotional thinking, and cultural assumptions of British ambassador to Moscow Archibald Clark Kerr and US ambassador W. Averell Harriman coloured their respective perceptions of political problems and recommendations for dealing with the growing tensions in the wartime alliance with the Soviet Union.
Detection of Imminent Vein Graft Occlusion: What is the Optimal Surveillance Program?

The prediction of infrainguinal vein bypass failure remains an inexact judgment. Patient demographics, technical factors, and vascular laboratory graft surveillance testing are helpful in identifying a high-risk graft cohort. The optimal surveillance program to detect the bypass at risk for imminent occlusion continues to be developed, but required elements are known and include clinical assessment for new or changes in limb ischemia symptoms, measurement of ankle and/or toe systolic pressure, and duplex ultrasound imaging of the bypass graft. Duplex ultrasound assessment of bypass hemodynamics may be the most accurate method to detect imminent vein graft occlusion. The finding of low graft flow during intraoperative assessment or at a scheduled surveillance study predicts failure; and if associated with an occlusive lesion, a graft revision can prolong patency. The most common abnormality producing graft failure is conduit stenosis caused by myointimal hyperplasia; and the majority can be repaired by an endovascular intervention. Frequency of testing to detect the failing bypass should be individualized to the patient, the type of arterial bypass, and prior duplex ultrasound scan findings. The focus of surveillance is on identification of the low-flow arterial bypass and timely repair of detected critical stenosis defined by duplex velocity spectra criteria of a peak systolic velocity 300 cm/s and peak systolic velocity ratio across the stenosis >3.5—correlating with >70% diameter-reducing stenosis. When conducted appropriately, a graft surveillance program should result in an unexpected graft failure rate of
How Ideology Has Hindered Sociological Insight

American sociology has consistently leaned toward the political Left. This ideological skew hinders sociological insight in three ways. First, the scope of research projects is constrained: sociologists are discouraged from touching on taboo topics and ideologically unpalatable facts. Second, the data used in sociological research have been limited. Sociologists neglect data that portray conservatives positively and liberals negatively. Data are also truncated to hide facts that subvert a liberal narrative. Third, the empathic understanding of non-liberal ideologies is inhibited. Sociologists sometimes develop the erroneous belief that they understand alternative ideologies, and they fail to explore non-liberal ways of framing sociological knowledge. Some counterarguments may be raised against these theses, and I address such counterarguments.
The Great Crisis and the Significance of Gender in the U.S. Economy

Thorstein Veblen, the founder of institutional economics, treated the study of "woman's place" as central to economic analysis, and his views on women's social and economic status were an integral part of both his critique of American society and mainstream economic thought. This presidential address to the Association for Evolutionary Economics considers the insights gained by observing the "Great Recession" through the intellectual window of "woman's place." The address begins by highlighting some of the main arguments of, and responses to, a particular narrative of the nature and consequences of the economic downturn that labeled the "Great Recession" a "Mancession," and then identifies key aspects of feminist-institutionalist thought that provide important insights into the significance of this popular narrative and reinforce the importance of doing institutionalist work that is feminist.
Hippocampal lesions and spontaneous alternation behavior in the rat

Abstract Rats with hippocampal lesions and control animals were tested for spontaneous alternation behavior in a modified T-maze under three different stimulus conditions. When intra-maze stimuli (alley brightness) and spatial direction could be used simultaneously as cues for alternation, both groups alternated at rates significantly higher than chance. However, when intra-maze stimuli were opposed to spatial direction cues, the rats with hippocampal lesions alternated at chance levels while the controls continued to alternate spatial direction. The complexity of the phenomenon of spontaneous alternation itself and the locus and extent of the lesions employed were discussed as possible sources of the discrepancy between the results of this study and others investigating the role of hippocampus in spontaneous alternation behavior.
Subdiffusive transport of charged particles perpendicular to the large scale magnetic field

[1] Transport of charged particles across the mean magnetic field due to broad band, powerlaw-distributed magnetic fluctuations is examined by direct computation of a large number of charged test particle trajectories. Fluctuations consist of a one dimensional slab spectrum with an additional 0.01 percent level of two dimensional fluctuations; the net field has no ignorable directions. We find that, at long times (t), the mean square displacements subdiffusively scale as ∼t1/2. This confirms that perpendicular diffusion is suppressed when turbulence lacks strong three dimensional structure, in agreement with theories of Urch and of Kota and Jokipii.
Tacks, staples, or suture: method of peritoneal closure in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair effects early quality of life

TAPP inguinal hernia repair (IHR) entails the development of a peritoneal flap (PF) in order to reduce the hernia sac and create a preperitoneal space in which to place mesh. Many methods for closure of the PF exist including sutures, tacks, and staples. We hypothesized that patients who had PF closure with suture would have better short-term QOL outcomes. A prospective institutional hernia-specific database was queried for all adult, TAPP IHRs from July 2012 to August 2013. Unilateral and bilateral patients were included and each hernia was analyzed separately. The main outcome of interest was quality of life (QOL) at two- and four-week follow-up, as measured by the Carolinas Comfort Scale. There were 227 patients who underwent TAPP, with 99 bilateral and 128 unilateral IHR, for a total of 326 IHR. PF closure was performed using tacks in 45.1 %, suture in 19.0 %, and staples in 35.9 %. Patient characteristics were statistically similar between the tack, suture, and staple group. There were 32.9 % direct, 46.5 % indirect, and 20.6 % pantaloon hernias, which were not significantly different when compared by PF closure method. Post-operative complications and length of stay were same for the three groups. There were no hernia recurrences. Post-operative activity limitation at two weeks was significantly better in the suture group when compared to the stapled group (p = 0.005). Additionally, sutured PF closure had less early post-operative pain when compared to the tack group (p = 0.038). Following TAPP IHR, suture closure of the PF significantly improves 2-week post-operative movement limitation compared to stapled and tacked PF closure. Continued randomized studies are needed to determine the best surgical hernia repair methods for ideal post-op QOL.
Out‐of‐hospital Ventilation: Bag‐Valve Device vs Transport Ventilator

Objective: To examine the patterns of out-of-hospital airway management and to compare the efficacy of bag-valve ventilation with that of the use of a transport ventilator for intubated patients. Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized, convenience sample of 160 patients requiring airway management in the out-of-hospital urban setting was analyzed. A survey inquiring about airway and ventilatory management was completed by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, and arterial blood gas (ABG) samples were obtained within 5 minutes of patient arrival in the ED. The ABG parameters were compared for patients grouped by different airway techniques and presence or absence of cardiac arrest (systolic blood pressure <50 mm Hg) upon ED presentation. Results: Over a one-year period, 160 surveys were returned. The majority (62%) of the patients were men; the population mean age was 61 ± 19 years. Presenting ABGs were obtained for 76 patients; 17% (13/76) had systemic perfusion and 83% (63/76) were in cardiac arrest. There was no difference in ABG parameters between the intubated cardiac arrest patients ventilated with a transport ventilator (pH 7.17 ± 0.17, Paco2 37 ± 20 torr, and Pao2 257 ± 142 torr) and those ventilated with a bag-valve device (pH 7.20 ± 0.16, PaCO2 42 ± 21 torr, and Pao2 217 ± 138 torr). The patients ventilated via an esophageal obturator airway (EOA) device had impaired gas exchange, compared with the groups who had endotracheal (ET) intubation (pH 7.09 ± 0.13, Paco2 76 ± 30 torr, and Pao2 75 ± 35 torr). The intubated patients not in cardiac arrest had similar ABG parameters whether ventilated manually with a bag-valve device or with a transport ventilator. Endotracheal intubation was successfully accomplished in 93% (123/132) of attempted cases. Conclusions: In this sample, ET intubation was the most frequently used airway by EMS providers. When ET intubation was accomplished, adequate ventilation could be achieved using either bag-valve ventilation or a transport ventilator. Ventilation via the EOA proved inadequate.
Evolution of phase microstructure during irradiation

Abstract The phase microstructure of alloys is frequently severely altered during irradiation. Sluggish precipitation reactions including precipitation coarsening are accelerated by irradiation-enhanced diffusion. Radiation-induced segregation redistributes existing precipitate phases within the microstructure, induces precipitation of nonequilibrium phases and affects the composition of phases in multicomponent alloys. The displacement process causes disordering of ordered alloys and frequently amorphization, especially in intermetallic compounds, at low temperature. Although a good qualitative understanding of the basic process involved, i.e., displacement mixing, radiation-enhanced diffusion and radiation-induced segregation exists, methods for detailed quantitative modeling of the evolution of the microstructure of alloys remain to be developed.
Discrete Approximations to Continuous Optimal Control Problems

It is demonstrated that if P is a continuous optimal control problem whose system of differential equations is linear in the control and the state variables, and whose control and state variable constraint sets are convex, a direct method of determining an optimal solution of P exists. It is demonstrated that such a “continuous” problem can be replaced by a sequence of finite-dimensional, “discrete” optimization problems in which the control and state variable constraints are treated directly. The approximation obtained relates the respective optimal solutions.
Legal and ethical issues of touch in dance/movement therapy

This paper includes a description of the use of touch in dance/movement therapy followed by a brief discussion of the social and emotional roles played by various forms of touch. The frequency of touch between patient and therapist is cited and the ethical issues, particularly concerning sexuality and the use of touch as power, are explored. Legal concerns include the definition and scope of malpractice, battery, and informed consent. Relevant cases are cited. The paper concludes with a presentation of a model for informed consent for touch in dance/movement therapy.
Environmental influences on the failure to drink in inbred rats with an ethanol preference.

Abstract To investigate the environmental influences on the initiation of voluntary consumption of 10% ethanol (EtOH) in rats with differing genetic susceptibility to excessive EtOH consumption, Maudsley reactive (MR/Har) and nonreactive (MNRA/Har) inbred rats were observed in different types of caging environments. Singly housed male and female rats of both strains living in Observational (O) cages drank markedly less EtOH during 3 weeks of two-bottle choice than did rats living in standard–control (C) individual cages. When male rats had a preexisting moderate or heavy pattern of EtOH intake (manipulated through prior EtOH experience), moving to the O cage did not reduce EtOH intake. To investigate the nature of the above cage effect (the reduced initiation of EtOH consumption), we compared the manner in which food had been distributed (traditional food hopper in C cages versus loose distribution in O cages) independently of cage type. The results showed that MR/Har male rats that obtained food through a hopper in both O or C cages drank significantly more EtOH than rats that had food loosely distributed in the O or C cages. The results suggest that differences in the mode of food procurement and caging can play a large role in whether the phenotype for excessive EtOH intake is expressed in the acquisition of an EtOH preference in genetically vulnerable rats.
Synthesis and pharmacology of nonmammalian angiotensins and their evolutionary development.

Abstract To understand how vertebrates utilize angiotensins during evolutionary development studies were undertaken to synthesize and/or characterize angiotensin-like peptides from nonmammalian species. These studies indicated the presence of a new L-asparaginase amidohydrolase type enzyme in eel plasma which deamidates L-asparagine residue at the amino terminus of the angiotensin peptides, thereby implying that I-asparaginyl decapeptide (rather than 1-aspartyl decapeptide) is the natural form of angiotensin inherent in eel plasma. Pharmacological properties of the nonmammalian angiotensins compared with the synthetic analogs in one representative species of three distinct classes of vertebrates suggest that: (1) in spite of variation in position 9 of the nonmammalian angiotensins I, the pressor activity of these peptides in rat and in dogfish shark is due to their conversion into the corresponding angiotensin II: (2) in relatively more primitive stages of evolution, when vertebrates lived in salt water (e.g., dogfish shark) pressor action of exogenous angiotensin II appears to be due to the release of catecholamines (and not through direct vasoconstrictor effects, as in the mammalian species): and (3) frog-skin angiotensin II has properties that may prove to be compatible with a role in the regulation of salt and water in amphibians.
Epitaxial growth of ensembles of indium phosphide nanowires on various non-single crystal substrates using an amorphous template layer

Indium phosphide (InP) nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) surfaces prepared on various non-single crystal substrates. Structural and chemical properties of the nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, elucidating the effect of varying the non-single crystal substrate on nanowire growth. A technique for growing InP nanowires on various non-single crystal substrates, including metals and dielectrics was demonstrated.
Split Shadows Myths of a Lost Father and Son

This article explores a father–son relationship and the death of the author’s father through mythically framed autoethnographic stories. The author confronts persistent anxieties that haunt him, as...
Silver and Gold: The Political Economy of International Monetary Conferences, 1867-1892

Introduction The Question of Monetary Cooperation Choosing Gold: The Conference of 1867 The Battle of the Standards Begins: The Conference of 1878 The Battle of the Standards Continues: The Conference of 1881 The Culmination of the Battle of the Standards: The Conference of 1892 The Politics of the International Monetary Conferences Conclusion Appendices References
If dancers ate their shoes: Inductive reasoning with factual and counterfactual premises

This experiment addressed the effect of precue information, which may be either familiar or novel, and either relevant or irrelevant, on the solution of inductive reasoning problems. Sixty undergraduate students each completed 216 verbal inductive reasoning problems and five psychometric ability tests. The reasoning problems were equally divided among analogies, classifications, and series completions, with half of each kind of item presented in a standard, uncued format, and half presented with a precue. With respect to internal validation, it was found that for analogies and classifications, subjects take longer to process irrelevant than relevant information if the precue is familiar, but they take longer to process relevant than irrelevant information if the precue is novel. For series completions, this relation does not hold; rather, both novelty and irrelevance add time to the processing of information, with the time for irrelevance greater than that for novelty. The utility of precues for different tasks was explored, and it was found that familiar relevant precues facilitated solution of the more difficult kinds of items (classifications and series completions), but hampered solution of the easier, more automatically solved items (analogies). With respect to external validation, it was found that the nonentrenched induction tasks overlapped with psychometric tests in terms of abilities measured, that the abilities measured were fluid rather than crystallized, and that the precued (more nonentrenched) items were better measures of fluid abilities than were the uncued items.
Glycosphingolipids of guinea pig gastric mucosa

Abstract Glycosphingolipids have been isolated from guinea pig gastric mucosa and their composition and content determined. The neutral glycospingo-lipids were found to consist of mono-, di-, tri- and pentaglycosylceramide. The acidic glycosphingolipids were represented by galactosyl and lactosyl sulfatides, and GM4, GM3 and GD3 gangliosides. None of the analyzed glyco-lipids contained N-acetylglucosamine and fucose.