cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Echocardiography and the Evolution of Cardiac Imaging

Summary Imaging techniques are among the most commonly used diagnostic approaches to patients with heart and vascular diseases. Recently, sophisticated new methods of imaging the heart, great vessels, and pulmonary and peripheral vasculature have rapidly evolved. This evolution has occurred due to technological developments, research imperatives, and clinical needs. Current cardiac imaging methods give superb information on cardiac structure and function. The newer approaches to imaging promise to supply additional information on myocardial perfusion, metabolism, and tissue characteristics. The explosion of research and development in cardiac imaging gives the clinician and investigator a wealth of choices for evaluation of the heart. This wide array of choices requires that practicing physicians and echocardiogra-phers develop a broad perspective on the relative efficacy, costs, and drawbacks associated with each of the diagnostic imaging procedures.
The influence of mask substrate thickness on exposure and development times for the LIGA process

Optimizing mask substrate thickness is an important practical concern in the X-ray exposure of PMMA resists for LIGA. An overly thick substrate necessitates long exposure times due to excessive beam filtering, while a substrate too thin leads to long development times due to low absorbed doses at the PMMA bottom surface. To assist in this optimization, we have developed numerical models describing both the exposure and development of a PMMA resist. These exposure and development models are coupled in a single interactive code, permitting automated adjustment of mask substrate thickness to yield the minimum of a prescribed cost object function that depends on both the exposure and development times. Results are presented for several synchrotron sources and over a wide range of the PMMA thickness.
Büchners Lenz: Eine kindliche Pastorale im Muttergeiste Rousseaus

The essay revisits Georg Buchner's novella Lenz (1835) through the prism of eighteenth-century childhood ideologies. The novella purportedly depicts a period of aimless wanderings in the life of the mentally ill Sturm und Drang writer, J.M.R. Lenz (1751–92). An analysis of the recurrent child motif and of the philosophical problem of "stillness" versus "striving," however, reveals a surprising indebtedness to Rousseau's yearning for inward peace rather than J.M.R. Lenz's altruistic ideal of constant striving and moral perfectibility. The study of the main character's repeated regressions into childhood leads to a reevaluation. The novella can no longer be considered as a precise literary depiction of a schizophrenic case or a symbolic rebellion against the almighty father as generally argued. Buchner's Lenz , in its poetic blending of Lenz and Rousseau, presents a feverishly vivid portrait of the author's double life, a constant balancing act between political activism (progression) and poetic refl ection on Mother Earth (regression). (SG; in German)
Estimation of signal detection theory parameters from rating-method data: A comparison of the method of scoring and direct search*

Signal detection theory parameters were obtained from rating-method data by the method of scoring and two direct search procedures. The method of scoring was much more efficient than direct-search procedures such as the Hooke-Jeeves direct search and Chandler’s well-known variation, STEPIT. All were about equally accurate.
Milk and Peptic Ulcer

Excerpt To the editor: It is important to be reminded (Ann Intern Med84:286-289, 1976) that dietary milk in its various forms does not suppress or inhibit gastric-acid secretion. However, the data ...
DISCIPLINARY IDENTIFICATIONS/PUBLIC IDENTITIES: A RESPONSE TO MAILLOUX, LEFF, AND KEITH

Abstract Balancing the critiques of scientism in communications, this response notes how belletrism has marginalized rhetorical studies on the other side of the modern opposition of the arts and sciences. Such institutional divisions need to be assessed against broader changes in literacy if our disciplinary histories are to be a resource for assessing how rhetoricians in composition and communications can work together. The marginal positions of composition and speech courses may undermine the prestige of rhetoric as an academic discipline, but the margins can be a place of power if approached pragmatically. Looking beyond the pragmatic professionalism of disciplinary insiders such as Stanley Fish, we need to develop alliances with practitioners of the arts of rhetoric outside as well as within the academy if pragmatism is to contribute to the institutional work of making universities into institutions of public learning.
Clinical Prediction of Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: The Surprising Importance of Periventricular White Matter Disease and Race

Background and Purpose— We sought to build models that address questions of interest to patients and families by predicting short- and long-term mortality and functional outcome after ischemic stroke, while allowing for risk restratification as comorbid events accumulate. Methods— A cohort of 451 ischemic stroke subjects in 1999 were interviewed during hospitalization, at 3 months, and at approximately 4 years. Medical records from the acute hospitalization were abstracted. All hospitalizations for 3 months poststroke were reviewed to ascertain medical and psychiatric comorbidities, which were categorized for analysis. Multivariable models were derived to predict mortality and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale) at 3 months and 4 years. Comorbidities were included as modifiers of the 3-month models, and included in 4-year predictions. Results— Poststroke medical and psychiatric comorbidities significantly increased short-term poststroke mortality and morbidity. Severe periventricular white matter d...
Orientation-dependent nucleation of GaN on a nanoscale faceted Si surface

Abstract Orientation-dependent nucleation of GaN on a nanoscale-faceted Si substrate in metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy is reported. On a multiple-faceted Si surface consisting of nanoscale-wide periodic (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) stripe facets which are fabricated on a Si(0 0 1) substrate, the nucleation and incorporation of GaN shows strong selectivity for a (1 1 1) orientation. Growth dominantly proceeds on a (1 1 1) facet with hexagonal phase while negligible nucleation occurs on a (0 0 1) facet in each period. In continued growth, such orientation-dependent selective nucleation results in lateral growth from a (1 1 1) to an adjacent (0 0 1) stripe facet without a masking layer.
Self-Modulation and Self-Focusing of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas

The nonlinear frequency shift of a strong electromagnetic wave in a plasma, due to weak relativistic effects and the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{B}}$ force, can cause modulation and self-focusing instabilities. These processes are explored, and their relation to self-focusing driven by the ponderomotive force is described.
Nuclear spin dynamics in parabolic quantum wells

We present a detailed analytical and numerical analysis of the nuclear spin dynamics in parabolic quantum wells. The shallow potential of parabolic quantum wells permits substantial modification of the electronic wave function in small electric fields. The nuclear spin relaxation via the hyperfine interaction depends on the electronic local density of states, therefore the local nuclear relaxation time depends sensitively on the electric field. For an inhomogeneous nuclear magnetization, such as generated by dynamic nuclear polarization, the total nuclear magnetization dynamics can similarly be altered. We examine this effect quantitatively and the effect of temperature, field, well thickness, and nuclear spin diffusion.
Macroscopic quantum coherence and quasidegeneracy in antiferromagnets.

The semiclassical approach to macroscopic quantum coherence (MQC) neglects the intrinsic zero point motion of a vector order parameter when symmetry is approximately unbroken in the ground state. An exact treatment of MQC is carried out on the two-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet to illustrate this effect. For small barriers, the order parameter tunneling rate is seen to exhibit the energy scale of the massive rotator states which form the quantum counterpart of classical long range N\'eel order. Based on these results, predictions relevant to mesoscale magnets are made.
Decision-Making Problem for Managing Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation Projects

A typical pavement management system (PMS) should help a decision maker select the best maintenance program—that is, which maintenance treatment to use and where and when to apply it—so that maximal use is made of available resources. To provide decision support, a PMS needs a process for setting maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) priorities. The quality of the prioritization directly influences the effectiveness of available resources, which in most cases is the primary goal of the decision maker. A network-level project selection procedure that uses an operations research optimization method was developed. An integer linear programming model was established to select a set of candidate projects from the highway network over a planning horizon of 5 years. In the model, constraints of available annual budgets and minimum requirements on pavement conditions were satisfied where state transition of each road section was formulated. Two optimization objectives—maximization of the total M&R effectiveness an...
Rheological and microstructural properties of porcine myofibrillar protein-lipid emulsion composite gels.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to investigate the role of emulsified fat (lard) and oil (peanut oil) in the rheology and microstructure of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP) gels. Heat-induced composite gels were prepared from 2% MP with 0% to 15% pre-emulsified lipids at 0.6 M NaCl, pH 6.2. Dynamic rheological testing upon temperature sweeping (20 to 80 °C at 2 °C/min) showed substantial increases in G′ (an elastic modulus) of MP sols/gels with the addition of emulsions. Gel hardness was markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) by incorporating ≥10% emulsions, and the composite gel with 15% lard was 33% more rigid (P < 0.05) than that with 15% peanut oil. Incorporation of both emulsions at 10% or higher levels improved the water holding capacity of the gels by 28% to 44% (P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed a compact gel structure filled with protein-coated fat/oil globules that interacted with the protein matrix via disulfide bonds. The results indicated that both physical and chemical forces contributed to the enhancements in the rheology, moisture retention, and lipid stabilization in the MP–emulsion composite gels.
Microgripper design using electroactive polymers

Ionic polymer metal composites, a subclass of electro-active polymer actuators, offer a promising approach to the problem of manipulating small objects, such as those found in micro- electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). While other technological alternatives exist, such as piezo-electric devices, each has at least one characteristic impeding its widespread adoption. A new class of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscles has been developed at the UNM Artificial Muscles Research Institute (AMRI). IPMC actuators and sensors have been designed, fabricated and successfully tested. These artificial muscles are made from ionic polymeric (polyelectrolyte) gels chemically treated with platinum. IPMCs are three-dimensional networks of cross-linked macromolecular polyelectrolytes with internal electrodes that swell, shrink, bend, and deform in an electric field. Thus, direct computer control of large expansions and contractions of ionic polymeric gel-noble metal composite muscles by means of voltage controller has been achieved. They exhibit large motion sensing and actuation capabilities, can be produced relatively inexpensively, and can be cut arbitrarily small. Since these devices require only a few volts for actuation, they represent a safe alternative to many problems. This paper describes the design of a microgripper which uses both the actuation and sensing capabilities of these artificial muscles.
The Culture of Psychoanalysis in the United States: The Use of State and Federal Government to Advance Psychoanalysis

This paper focuses on the New York State law that licenses and defines the practice of psychoanalysis. The influences in American psychoanalysis that led to the law are explored, as well as the ramifications for the profession of psychoanalysis. Currently, in the United States, two psychoanalytic organizations, the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and the Psychoanalytic Consortium (comprised of four national psychoanalytic organizations), are vying for which will exert the most influence on state licensing laws in psychoanalysis and federal guidelines for psychoanalytic training standards. In other countries, psychoanalysts are responding defensively to attempts by the State to regulate psychoanalytic practice. In the United States, some psychoanalytic organizations are pursuing establishing state licensing laws in psychoanalysis and federal guidelines for training standards in psychoanalysis.
Acoustically aided separation of oil droplets from aqueous emulsions

A novel method for recovering the oil phase from aqueous emulsions has been developed. The method applies a low-intensity, resonant ultrasonic field within a rectangular chamber, which is optionally filled with a highly porous medium. Oil droplets dispersed in water have negative acoustic contrast factor and thus are driven to the pressure antinodes of the standing wave field under the influence of acoustic radiation forces. Subsequent coalescence and/or wetting onto the internal surfaces of the chamber occur. Three types of porous media (an unconsolidated bed of 3-mm glass beads, aluminum mesh or reticulated polyester mesh) having pore sizes two to three orders of magnitude larger than droplets being collected were used. The oil collection was found to be sensitive to the natural affinity between the oil and the porous medium as well as its porosity. Of the three media studied, the polyester mesh was found to be the best in terms of the percentage oil collection while the bed of glass beads performed the poorest. The oil collection was found to be highly sensitive to the residence time of the emulsion in both the porous medium and acoustic field. Oil collection also showed expected trends with applied electrical power, but it was not found to be strongly dependent on the internal surface area of the mesh for the range of feed concentration tested. These experiments enable a preliminary understanding about the mechanisms underlying the separation process.
A Current Update on Meniscal Scaffolds

There are currently 2 scaffold products designed for reconstruction or substitution of partial meniscal defects that are commercially available outside the United Sates and in Europe: the Collagen Meniscal Implant (CMI) (Ivy Sports Medicine, Grafelfing, Germany), and the Actifit polymer scaffold (Orteq Bioengineering, London, UK). There is evidence showing that CMI provides improved clinical outcomes compared with baseline in patients with chronic postmeniscectomy symptoms with follow-up ranging from 5 to 10 years. Some comparative studies demonstrate improved clinical scores in patients with chronic medial meniscus symptoms treated with CMI vs repeat partial meniscectomy and a lower reoperation rate. Preliminary published data appears to be promising, however, there are currently no medium- or long-term data available for the Actifit polymer scaffold. The authors' surgical indications for meniscal scaffold implantation, preferred surgical technique, and postoperative rehabilitation protocol are described.
Argos: dynamic composition of web services for goods movement analysis and planning

This Project Highlight describes Year 2 activities of our Argos research. The purpose of the research is to develop a flexible data query and analysis system based on the web services paradigm. Our application domain is metropolitan goods movement, including modeling of goods movement flows and effects of goods movement activities on urban spatial structure. The project began in August 2003. This research seeks to blend computer science and social science approaches by developing new data integration tools and applying them to social science research problems. The research has three objectives: 1) to advance computer science research by developing an expressive web services description language and techniques for dynamically composing web services, 2) to develop and conduct test applications of an intra-metropolitan goods movement flow model using web services in cooperation with government partners, and 3) to use the model to conduct social science research on intra-metropolitan economic linkages and spatial structure. Although the focus is on the specific topic of urban goods movement, the approach to web service composition is general and can be applied to other scientific data gathering and analysis tasks.
Exploiting structure in symmetry detection for CNF

Instances of the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) arise in many areas of circuit design and verification. These instances are typically constructed from some human-designed artifact, and thus are likely to possess much inherent symmetry and sparsity. Previous work[4] has shown that exploiting symmetries results in vastly reduced SAT solver run times, often with the search for the symmetries themselves dominating the total SAT solving time. Our contribution is twofold. First, we dissect the algorithms behind the venerable NAUTY[9] package, particularly the partition refinement procedure responsible for the majority of search space pruning as well as the majority of run time overhead. Second, we present a new symmetry-detection tool, SAUCY, which outperforms NAUTY by several orders of magnitude on the large, structured CNF formulas generated from typical EDA problems.
Constant-current enhanced potentiometric stripping analysis

Abstract Constant-current enhanced potentiometric stripping analysis (CCEPSA) is similar to potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) except that during the stripping step in CCEPSA a cathodic current is imposed on the electrode system. The freshly oxidized metal ions in the vicinity of the electrode surface are partially redeposited so that the stripping time is extended. The stripping time and potential-time equations for CCEPSA were derived and verified using the stripping of cadmium(II). Under the most favorable conditions, the sensitivity of cadmium(II) determination was enhanced by a factor of 15.
Basin‐scale wind‐forced dynamics of the seasonal southern South China Sea gyre

[1] Using observed wind-forcing, the seasonal development and disappearance of the near-surface anticyclonic gyre in the southern South China Sea is modeled, along with associated dynamic features. Forced by monsoon winds, the ocean circulation in the South China Sea alternates between a single cyclonic gyre during the winter northeast monsoon and a double gyre, cyclonic/anticyclonic in the northern/southern South China Sea, during the summer southwest monsoon, reversing the western boundary current along Vietnam with each shift of the monsoon regime. During the summer southwest monsoon, the poleward western boundary current converges with the equatorward western boundary current of the northern gyre, turning offshore to create an eastward jet and flanking dipole recirculation near 13°N. The development and timing of the eastward jet and recirculations are consistent with large-scale basin dynamics. The subsequent transition to the winter northeast monsoon regime destroys the recirculation cells and eastward jet. Employing high-resolution 1.5-layer and 2.0-layer numerical models, we demonstrate the applicability of large-scale dynamics to the deeper central basin of the South China Sea, specifically showing that the gyre-scale circulation governs the development of the eastward jet and dipole recirculations. The destruction of the recirculations by the monsoon winds each autumn is also modeled. This effort highlights the dominance of monsoon wind-forcing in the South China Sea's basin-scale dynamics.
Effect of ACTH on glucose metabolism in rat adrenal in vitro.

Quartered rat adrenals were incubated in vitro with glucose-1-C14, glucose- 6-C14 and glucose-U-C14. The oxidation of glucose-l-Cu to CO2 was 1.3 times that of glucose-6-C14. ACTH increased the oxidation of all 3 labeled glucose molecules by 20%, and there was no change in the C-l:C-6 ratio. ACTH increased 4- to 6-fold the concentration of corticosterone in the medium. The glucose carbon incorporation into total lipid was not affected by ACTH, and the C-l:C-6 ratio remained unchanged. ACTH decreased glucose-C14 incorporation into glycogen, but no change in glycogen content was noted. In vivo administration of ACTH also failed to decrease the adrenal glycogen content. These observations do not support the importance of phosphorylase activation or of metabolism via the hexose monophosphate pathway in ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis.
Third-moment descriptions of the interplanetary turbulent cascade, intermittency and back transfer

We review some aspects of solar wind turbulence with an emphasis on the ability of the turbulence to account for the observed heating of the solar wind. Particular attention is paid to the use of structure functions in computing energy cascade rates and their general agreement with the measured thermal proton heating. We then examine the use of 1 h data samples that are comparable in length to the correlation length for the fluctuations to obtain insights into local inertial range dynamics and find evidence for intermittency in the computed energy cascade rates. When the magnetic energy dominates the kinetic energy, there is evidence of anti-correlation in the cascade of energy associated with the outward- and inward-propagating components that we can only partially explain.
Microstructure In A-GaAs:H Alloys And Its Correlation With The Electronic Properties

Hydrogenated alloys of a-GaAs have been prepared by r.f. sputtering in a mixture of argon and hydrogen at several partial pressures, substrate temperatures and r.f. powers. We report the results of a systematic investigation of the microstructural properties of these films by SEM and TEM, and attempt a correlation with the deposition parameters and other electronic properties.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Soft NMR: Analysis & application to DSP systems

We have recently proposed the concept of soft N-modular redundancy (soft NMR) [1] in order to design robust and energy-efficient computing systems in nanoscale processes, where soft NMR was shown to achieve orders-of-magnitude improvement in robustness with significant power savings over NMR. In this paper, we analyze the performance of soft NMR and compare it with that of NMR and algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT). An 8-b multiplier and a DCT-based still image compression system in a commercial 45nm CMOS process is considered. Two metrics of system performance: system reliability P e,sys , and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are analyzed. We show that soft NMR always outperforms NMR and that our analysis predicts P e,sys and SNR to within 4.2% and 2.7dB on average, respectively, of the results of Monte Carlo simulations.
Synthesis of a derivative of 1-deoxy-d-erythro-2,3-hexodiulose and its conversion into nonenzymic browning products

Abstract A new synthesis of 1-deoxy-4,5- O -isopropylidene- d - erythro -2,3-hexodiulose ( 5 ), a stable derivative of the elusive 1-deoxy- d - erythro -2,3-hexodiulose ( 6 ), starting from 3,6-anhydro-4,5- O -isopropylidene- d -mannitol ( 1 ) is described. Acid hydrolysis of 5 produced 6 , which without isolation was treated with piperidine acetate to yield piperidino-hexose-reductone ( 7 ) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one ( 8 ). A third component in the reaction mixture has been tentatively assigned from mass-spectroscopic data the structure 4-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-3(2 H )-furanone ( 9 ).
Endocrine phenotype of children and adults with Fanconi anemia

Background Features of Fanconi anemia (FA) are well known, including bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies such as radial anomalies, renal and ear anomalies, tracheo-esophageal fistula, imperforate anus, and elevated risk for cancer. We sought to further characterize the endocrine phenotype in children and adults with FA. Procedure Clinically indicated endocrine evaluation data from 120 persons with FA, including 78 children (43 female) and 42 young adults (who had achieved adult height, 19 female), were entered in an institutional review board-approved database. Data were analyzed according to gender, birth weight, FA complementation group, and whether or not the patient had completed linear growth or had undergone hematopoietic cell transplant, using Wilcoxon Rank Sum or Chi-square, as appropriate. Results Overall, 60% of children and 58% of adults with FA had short stature, 68% of children and 30% of adults had glucose intolerance, 61% of children and 37% of adults had mild hypothyroidism, and 40% of adults had evidence of hypogonadism (not possible to fully assess in children). In general, bone mineral density (BMD) was normal in adults, while BMD in children was normal when results were adjusted for bone size/thickness using height age. Conclusions We have evaluated in detail children and adults with FA for their growth and endocrine function. Overall, 79% of children and adults with FA had one or more endocrine abnormality. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:690–696. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytical vs. Monte Carlo Methods of Calculating Reliability

Differential equations are derived to obtain analytically the reliability and mean life of a simple system with redundancy and replacement. They are solved for a simple case. The reliability and mean life of the system in more complex cases is obtained using a Monte-Carlo method. An excellent agreement between the two methods is obtained in the simple case. Increases by a factor of five in system mean life over the mean life of a single machine are obtainable using a simple replacement policy.
The relationship between occlusive hyperemia and complications associated with the radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations: report of two cases.

Objective and importance It has been suggested that impaired venous drainage of normal brain after surgical removal of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) may cause perinidal edema and hemorrhage. The term occlusive hyperemia has been proposed for this phenomenon. There is evidence that occlusive hyperemia also may occur after radiosurgical treatment of AVMs. The purpose of this article is to lend further support to the concept that venous occlusion may be responsible for some complications observed after AVM radiosurgery. Clinical presentation We report two patients with unusual radiosurgery-associated complications, and we examine the evidence for venous occlusion as the mechanism underlying the observed clinical sequelae in each patient. Intervention Patient 1 had a large parietal venous infarct remote from her frontal AVM site 11 months after radiosurgery. At that time, the AVM was confirmed by angiography to have been obliterated. During the next 4 years, the patient experienced persistent posterior hemispheric edema with recurrent focal hemorrhages until the patient's death from massive swelling and uncal herniation. During this period, radiographic studies, including repeat angiography, demonstrated sequential cortical venous occlusions and findings most consistent with venous insufficiency. Postmortem examination revealed no evidence of radionecrosis. Patient 2 exhibited a biphasic pattern of neurological deterioration at 3 and 6 years after radiosurgery. Associated with this unusual phenomenon, there was radiographic evidence of venous outflow obstruction of her thalamic AVM with prominent perinidal edema and progressive occlusion of the nidus. Conclusion We conclude that occlusive hyperemia is responsible for some cases of neurological deterioration after AVM radiosurgery, especially in a setting for which the time course or other clinical features are not as might be expected from a radiobiological perspective. The two patients we describe in this report suggest that manifestations may vary.
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the young adult with congenital aortic stenosis

Although balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is effective in the acute management of valvar aortic stenosis (AS), sustained benefit of this technique has been shown to vary in differing age groups. The role of BAV in the young adult with congenital, nondegenerative AS is poorly defined. The catheterization results and follow-up echocardiographic data were reviewed for all patients (n = 18) between the ages of 17 and 40 years (mean 23 ± 7) undergoing BAV at our institution between March 1986 and January 1992. Peak-to-peak systolic ejection gradient was reduced by 55%, from 85 ± 29 to 38 ± 17 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Aortic valve area increased from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 1.1 ± 0.3 cm2 (p = 0.003). Results of dilation were inadequate in 2 patients. There were no deaths, myocardial infarction, or embolic events. The 16 “effectively” dilated patients were followed with serial echocardiography for a period of 1 to 82 months, demonstrating persistent gradient relief in most patients (maximal instantaneous gradient at follow-up, 55 ± 17 vs 79 ± 22 mm Hg before dilation, p < 0.001). Aortic valve replacements were performed in 5 patients, 2 with unsuccessful initial dilations. At the time of the most recent echocardiogram, 8 of 16 patients remained “incident free,” with no subsequent catheterization or surgical interventions, a maximal instantaneous gradient of ≤ 55 mm Hg, no more than moderate aortic regurgitation, and preserved ventricular function. Patients with valvar calcification (n = 6) had a higher Doppler gradient at follow-up (68 ± 14 vs 49 ±15 mm Hg [p = 0.04]), and had a lower likelihood of remaining incident free (17% vs 58% [p = NS]) when compared with patients with noncalcified valves. Our experience supports BAV as an effective alternative in the palliation of the young adult with congenital AS.
Age, tumor size, and in-office ultrasonography are predictive parameters of malignancy in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid.

Abstract Objective To identify clinical predictors of malignancy in patients with intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of follicular neoplasm of the thyroid. Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 71 patients with intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of follicular neoplasm who underwent thyroidectomy between January 1992 and December 2000. Age, sex, tumor size, and in-office ultrasonography characteristics of the lesions were assessed. These clinical factors were compared between cases that had benign definitive pathologic findings and those that were found to be carcinomas on permanent sections. Results Nine (13%) of the 71 follicular neoplasms were found to be carcinomas after definitive pathologic evaluation. The incidence of malignancy was 13% (2/16) in men and 13% (7/55) in women (P > .5). Patients younger than 45 years had a 27% (8/30) incidence of malignancy compared with 2% (1/41) in patients 45 years or older (P Conclusions Age and tumor size are predictive parameters of malignancy in follicular neoplasm of the thyroid. Suspicious ultrasonography findings also have an important predictive role. Total thyroidectomy is reasonable in patients with follicular neoplasm on frozen section if they are young ( 4 cm) tumors or if there are suspicious findings on in-office ultrasonography. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:447-451)
Determining and Understanding Dynamically Important Differences between Complex Networks Using Reliability-Induced Structural Motifs

We demonstrate how to compare networks using a novel family of measures of an edge's contribution to particular aspects of diffusion dynamics on a network. These centrality measures are based on membership in structural motifs that determine the network's reliability, as introduced by Moore and Shannon in 1956. Moore:56 The measures are analogous to between ness, but are more directly related to specific dynamical phenomena. They can be estimated efficiently in a distributed, scalable way with readily controlled precision. We illustrate how these measures can be used to understand which differences between two networks over the same set of vertices are most important, and exactly how those differences affect the dynamics. We focus here on phenomena of interest in network epidemiology, but the methods can easily be generalized to other diffusive processes on a network.
Rounding Off to Powers of Two in Continuous Relaxations of Capacitated Lot Sizing Problems

In the capacitated version of the Divide and Conquer algorithm for lot sizing in multi-stage production/inventory problems, feasibility is often lost when the reorder intervals are rounded off to powers of two. We propose a new algorithm for rounding off the reorder intervals which always produces a feasible policy. We have shown that the relative increase in cost that occurs when the intervals are rounded off using this algorithm cannot exceed 44%, and that for systems with a single capacity machine including the ELSP, the cost increase cannot exceed 6%. Computational experience with industrial data sets indicates that the algorithm performs very well.
Comparing the persuasiveness of narrative and statistical evidence using meta‐analysis

This meta‐analysis compares the persuasiveness of using statistical versus narrative (example) evidence across 15 investigations. The results indicate that when comparing messages, statistical evidence is more persuasive than narrative evidence (r = .101).
Islamic bioethics at the end of life: why mukallaf status cannot be the criterion of defining the life that should be saved.

In the absence of serious methodological works on Islamic bioethics, the work by Padela and Mohiuddin (2015) with their effort in constructing an Islamic approach to end-of-life issues is timely an...
An Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Classroom Teaching Behaviors

The objectives of this research were twofold: 1.) to construct an operationally explicit instrument to measure verbal and nonverbal teacher-learner classroom behaviors; 2.) to determine the relationships among verbal and nonverbal teacher-learner behaviors. Videotaped observations of teacher-interns in a federally-sponsored teacher training program were conducted in the classrooms of six public elementary schools, grades K-6. Five-minute segments of tapings were analyzed by four trained judges, who used a behavior rating schedule developed for this study, to categorize verbal and nonverbal behaviors. These ratings yielded the data for correlational analyses. The results indicate that the behavior rating schedule is operationally functional. Cluster analysis indicates that teacher-interns’ approval tends to be passively, nonverbally expressed whereas disapproval tends to be explicitly, verbally communicated. Smiling, verbally probing teacher-interns are associated with thoughtful and responsive pupils over...
Design and Implementation of a Throughput-Optimized GPU Floorplanning Algorithm

In this article, we propose a novel floorplanning algorithm for GPUs. Floorplanning is an inherently sequential algorithm, far from the typical programs suitable for Single-Instruction Multiple-Thread (SIMT)-style concurrency in a GPU. We propose a fundamentally different approach of exploring the floorplan solution space, where we evaluate concurrent moves on a given floorplan. We illustrate several performance optimization techniques for this algorithm in GPUs. To improve the solution quality, we present a comprehensive exploration of the design space, including various techniques to adapt the annealing approach in a GPU. Compared to the sequential algorithm, our techniques achieve 6--188X speedup for a range of MCNC and GSRC benchmarks, while delivering comparable or better solution quality.
The multiple roles of per in the Drosophila circadian clock

Abstract Behavioral genetic studies have shown that the period (per) gene influences many aspects of Drosophila circadian behavior. From these studies, as well as the molecular neuroanatomical, biochemical and evolutionary studies reviewed here, the emerging picture of per is that of a temporally regulated, temperature compensated, transcriptional repressor that controls its own circadian expression and, when expressed in the appropriate cells, the circadian behavior of the animal.
The AP-3 Adaptor Complex Is Essential for Cargo-Selective Transport to the Yeast Vacuole

Abstract Three distinct adaptor protein (AP) complexes involved in protein trafficking have been identified. AP-1 and AP-2 mediate protein sorting at the trans -Golgi network and plasma membrane, respectively, whereas the function of AP-3 has not been defined. A screen for factors specifically involved in transport of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from the Golgi to the vacuole/lysosome has identified Apl6p and Apl5p of the yeast AP-3 complex. Deletion of each of the four AP-3 subunits results in selective mislocalization of ALP and the vacuolar t-SNARE, Vam3p (but not CPS and CPY), while deletion of AP-1 and AP-2 subunits has no effect on vacuolar protein delivery. This study, therefore, provides evidence that the AP-3 complex functions in cargo-selective protein transport from the Golgi to the vacuole/lysosome.
Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Cobalt-Iron Thin Films Using the Time-Resolved Thermoreflectance Technique

Using the time–resolved thermoreflectance technique, the thermal conductivity of CoFe films are measured with various thicknesses and the results show a thickness-dependent thermal conductivity. In order to overcome the obstacle for the high thermal conductivity metal film measurement, a thermal barrier (SiNx ) is added between the metal film and Si substrate.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Best Practices in Identifying Students for Gifted and Talented Education Programs.

As school psychologists move from dichotomous categorizations of students as gifted or nongifted toward a more comprehensive approach to identification, their task becomes increasingly complex. In the present article, the authors outline practices at the planning, programming, and data collection stages of the identification process in hopes of providing practical guidance for identifying gifted students. The authors begin with a discussion of some of the conceptualizations of giftedness, concluding with a framework for thinking about identification of students in academic domains. Then, they briefly discuss the two major programming strategies used in gifted education, enrichment, and acceleration. In the third section, the authors discuss tools that are used in the actual process of identification and conclude with a checklist that begins with planning and data collection and concludes with program evaluation.
MAGNETO-OPTICAL STUDIES OF NOVEL EPITAXIAL FILMS

The magneto-optic Kerr-effect technique is used to explore the magnetic properties of ultra-thin epitaxial films of iron and chromium grown on (100) faces of gold and copper. The studies extend into the monolayer range, and are performed in the ultra-high-vacuum environment in which the films are grown. Auxiliary low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy studies are used to characterize the epitaxy and growth-mode behavior. Highlights include: (a) an observed lowering of the Curie temperature, compared to that of the bulk, for monolayer-range iron grown epitaxially on the lattice-matched (100) face of gold; (b) correlations between magnetism and morphology; (c) a search for the predicted ferromagnetism of chromium monolayers; and (d) the observation of a new, metastable surface magnetic state for the high-temperature, face-centered-cubic phase of iron, which is stabilized via epitaxy on the (100) face of copper. The opportunities, challenges and limitations posed by the present magneto-optical approach in assessing the properties of these atomically-engineered materials will be evaluated.
The Comedy of Female Sleuths: Televising Dar'ia Dontsova's Ironic Detectives

Detective series (detektivnye serialy) are hardly a novelty for post-Soviet prime-time television viewers and have appeared on almost all major Russian channels.' Russian audiences are also not entirely unfamiliar with the image of the female detective. From American and British imports such as Murder She Wrote (Ona napisala ubiistvo) and Miss Marple to domestic televised versions of Alexandra Marinina's Kamenskaia and Stanislav Govorukhin's Female Logic (Zhenskaia logika), women have followed leads, interrogated suspects, and solved crimes through pure logic and deduction. Launched in 2003, the television series Dasha Vasilieva, Amateur Private Investigator (Liubitel'nitsa chastnogo syska Dasha Vasil'eva) and Evlampiia Romanova, the Dilettante Investigator (Evlampiia Romanova: Sledstvie vedet diletant) also feature female sleuths. Based on Dar'ia Dontsova's best-selling crime novels (ironicheskie detektivy), the series balance criminal mystery with situational comedy, melodrama, and soap-opera, all grafted onto a gently ironic portrayal of contemporary Russian socioeconomic circumstances.2
Lattice instabilities of PbZrO 3 / PbTiO 3 [1:1] superlattices from first principles

Ab initio phonon calculations for the nonpolar reference structures of the (001), (110), and (111) ${\mathrm{PbZrO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ [1:1] superlattices are presented. The unstable polar modes in the tetragonal (001) and (110) structures are confined in either the Ti- or the Zr-centered layers and display two-mode behavior, while in the cubic (111) case one-mode behavior is observed. Instabilities with pure oxygen character are observed in all three structures. The implications for the ferroelectric behavior and related properties are discussed.
Distinction of well-differentiated liposarcoma from lipoma in two patients with multiple well-differentiated fatty masses

This case report describes the features of gadolinium-enhanced MRI in well-differentiated liposarcoma with histologic correlation and addresses the usefulness of this imaging technique in distinguishing well-differentiated liposarcoma from lipoma. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI revealed significantly enhanced signal in well-differentiated liposarcoma in a background of multiple well-differentiated benign fatty masses by showing the increased vascularity in the septa of well-differentiated liposarcoma. Although such signal enhancement can be seen in some types of benign lipomatous tumors with increased blood vessels, this technique is helpful in selection of biopsy site, especially in a clinical setting of multiple fatty masses.
The Global Climate of December 1991–February 1992: Mature-Phase Warm (ENSO) Episode Conditions Develop

The December 1991-February 1992 (DJF 91/92) season featured global scale atmospheric circulation, temperature, and precipitation anomalies consistent with those generally found during the mature phase of tropical Pacific warm ENSO episodes. The anomalous upper-tropospheric circulation features usually observed developed slowly during the season, but were well developed by February. The tropical and subtropical precipitation anomaly patterns reflected mature-phase ENSO conditions. A persistent anomalous circulation pattern in Europe was associated with highly anomalous temperatures and precipitation in sections of Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. 14 refs., 18 figs., 1 tab.
Toward an integrated theory of insight in problem solving

The study of insight in problem solving and creative thinking has seen an upsurge of interest in the last 30 years. Current theorising concerning insight has taken one of two tacks. The special-process view, which grew out of the Gestalt psychologists’ theorising about insight, proposes that insight is the result of a dedicated set of processes (the “insight sequence”) that is activated by the individual's reaching impasse while trying to deal with a problematic situation. In contrast, the business-as-usual view argues that insight is brought about by the same processes that underlie ordinary thinking (analytic thinking). Although those two views are typically treated as being in opposition, it has recently been proposed that a complete understanding of insight will require bringing together aspects of both views. The present paper carries that proposal further. Critical analysis of those two viewpoints demonstrates that each has a positive contribution to make to our understanding of insight, but also is...
Laser-guided assembly of heterotypic three-dimensional living cell microarrays

We have assembled three-dimensional heterotypic networks of living cells in hydrogel without loss of viability using arrays of time-multiplexed, holographic optical traps. The hierarchical control of the cell positions is achieved with, to our knowledge, unprecedented submicron precision, resulting in arrays with an intercell separation <400 nm. In particular, we have assembled networks of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts surrounded by a ring of bacteria. We have also demonstrated the ability to manipulate hundreds of Pseudomonas aeruginosa simultaneously into two- and three-dimensional arrays with a time-averaged power <2 mW per trap. This is the first time to our knowledge that living cell arrays of such complexity have been synthesized, and it represents a milestone in synthetic biology and tissue engineering.
CHANGES IN THE VERTICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE HUMAN MALE SKULL DURING THE THIRD AND FOURTH DECADES OF LIFE.

A cephalometric radiographic appraisal of vertical skull growth occurring during the interim of one year was made on 71 caucasoid males at the Baylor University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas. The subjects were from 22 to 34 years of age. The dimensions assessed were the total skull height, the anterior cranial height, total facial height, upper facial height. and lower facial height. A significant increase was shown to occur in all the dimensions over a period of one year except in the dimension of anterior cranial height. It was concluded that skull growth does occur in male adults after the age generally accepted as that of maturity.
Charge and Current Transient Measurements on N-Type Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon in the Relaxation Regime

Junction capacitance measurements were employed to study the thermal emission of electrons after application of a voltage filling pulse on a 80 Vppm PH3 doped a-Si:H sample on p+ c-Si substrate. We show that these data can be explained in terms of the relaxation Model. In addition, the time dependence of the charge flow into the depletion region during the filling pulse is investigated by current transient Measurements. Finally, we present charge transient data for a 9 Vppm a-Si:H sample on n+ c-Si substrate and compare the results to those obtained on samples on p-type substrates.