cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review and Preliminary Investigation into Fuel Loss from Cermets Composed of Uranium Nitride and a Molybdenum-Tungsten Alloy for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Using Mesoscale Simulations

A ceramic–metal composite (cermet) of uranium nitride (UN) particles embedded in a tungsten-molybdenum (W/Mo) alloy matrix is being considered as reactor fuel for nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP). One possible issue is the loss of fissile uranium atoms during reactor operation. We begin by reviewing historical data that suggest that a likely mechanism for fuel loss is transport of free uranium along metal grain boundaries and through cracks to free surfaces. We then employ simple two-dimensional (2D) mesoscale simulations to provide insights into crack formation and free uranium transport in a W/Mo–UN cermet. Phase-field fracture simulations show that cracks form during cooling at the fuel–matrix interface and then within the fuel particles. Transport simulations show that cracks at the fuel–matrix interface and within the fuel accelerate fuel loss. Mechanical and diffusion data are needed for UN and W/Mo alloys to make these preliminary predictions more accurate.
Determination of critical and permissible moisture content in coarse-grained plumbous galena concentrates and coal samples

In the paper applicability of different methods to determination of critical (FMP)and permissible (TML) moisture content in coarse grained ore concentrates are discussed from the point of view of safe shipment in bulk of such cargoes. Test results for three different coarse-grained materials, obtained with the use of four various methods, are presented.
Abstract W P37: Accuracy Of CT Angiography In The Localization Of Carotid Occlusion Sites In Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: CT angiography yields rapid detection of a major cerebral vessel occlusion during the evaluation of patients with acute ischemic stroke leading to its widespread use in rapidly triaging for IA trial enrollment. In such trials, patients who have an extracranial carotid occlusion in tandem to the intracranial target lesion are typically excluded. However, ICA terminus occlusions may be misidentified as cervical carotid occlusions on CTA. The goal of this study is to determine the accuracy of CTA in identifying ICA terminus occlusions from tandem carotid occlusions (cervical and intracranial segments). Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database containing patients treated at our comprehensive stroke center between 1996 and 2014 in whom catheter angiogram and CT angiogram were available on PACS. A Neuroradiologist, blinded to catheter angiographic results reviewed the CT angiography identifying the presence of intracranial stenoses and concomitant cervical carotid occlusions. Results: Of 196 patients presenting with intracranial carotid occlusions on catheter based angiogram, 101 patients were identified with good quality CT angiography and subsequent catheter angiograms. Mean ages for identified patients was 65 +/- 14, of which 52% women and 48% men. Forty-four percent of patients had an ASPECT score of 9-10. The overall rate of agreement between retrospective CTA and conventional angiography readings was 77%. Of 72 isolated intracranial occlusions on conventional angiography, CT angiography misidentified 23 cervical carotid occlusions. The sensitivity of CTA for detecting isolated carotid terminus occlusion was 68% in this cohort. Specific factors associated with CT and catheter based angiographic discrepancy are reviewed. Conclusions: The study raises systematic considerations for maximizing inclusion of patients with target arterial occlusions who are most likely to benefit from intra-arterial therapy in future clinical trials. Future steps will include determination of specificity, predictive value of CTA for localization of specific carotid occlusion sites. Clinical variables associated with lower CTA accuracy will also be examined.
Evolution of human–ape relationships remains open for investigation

We demonstrate that much of the morphological and metrical data Lehtonen et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2011, 38, 805–808) present in support of a closer relationship between humans and chimpanzees than between humans and orangutans are faulty. When the numerous invalid features and suggested character states are excluded, as they should be, the most robust theory of relationship that can be generated is between humans and orangutans. With regard to the direct optimization method (DOM) resolving problems in analysing molecular (sequence) data, the method, if valid, requires that demonstration of sequence similarity is per force a demonstration of synapomorphy. In brief, DOM fails both to test theories of relatedness and to take into account the fact that identification of shared similarity does not translate into demonstration of synapomorphy.
4d index to 3d index and 2d topological quantum field theory

We compute the 4d superconformal index for $\mathcal{N}=1$, 2 gauge theories on ${S}^{1}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L(p,1)$, where $L(p,1)$ is a lens space. We find that the 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$, 2 index on ${S}^{1}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L(p,1)$ reduces to a 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$, 4 index on ${S}^{1}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{S}^{2}$ in the large $p$ limit, and to a 3d partition function on a squashed $L(p,1)$ when the size of the temporal ${S}^{1}$ shrinks to zero. As an application of our index, we study 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories arising from the 6d $\mathcal{N}=(2,0)$ ${A}_{1}$ theory on a punctured Riemann surface $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, and conjecture the existence of a 2d topological quantum field theory on $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ whose correlation function coincides with the 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ index on ${S}^{1}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L(p,1)$.
Cycle Time Reduction in Machining under Modeling Uncertainty

Optimizion of machining operations is important for increased productivity. However, modeling uncertainty precludes the application of traditional optimization methods. Moreover, stochastic optimization methods, which are designed to cope mainly with the random aspect of proceses, are not suitable due to their inability to cope with `modeling bias'. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an uncertainty-tolerant optimization method (UTOM) that can cope with process noise as well as `modeling bias'. Modeling bias, in UTOM, is accounted for by considering a bias range for individual parameters of the model. Noise is incorporated by including random components in the relationships defining individual constraints. UTOM's main contribution is its utilization of measurements at the end of each cycle to continually improve cycle time based on nonlinear programmin, as well as its use of a monotonicity analysis for determining the extremes of bias and noise so as to guarantee constraint satisfaction. UTOM is investigated in simulation for a turnig operation. The results indicate that it is effective in reducing cycle time despite inaccuracies in the model and the presence of noise in process measurements.
Ultra-low timing jitter 40 Gb/s clock recovery using a novel electroabsorption-modulator-based self-starting optoelectronic oscillator

This paper demonstrates a novel scheme to simultaneously extract, with error free performance, both the electrical and the optical clocks of 10 GHz-rate from either a single-channel 10 Gb/s RZ data stream or a four-channel 40 Gb/s OTDM stream for demultiplexing purposes. The scheme utilizes a new type of self-starting electroabsorption-modulator (EAM)-based optoelectronic oscillator (EAM-OEO). The EAM-OEO utilizes a fiber-extended optoelectronic cavity to simultaneously generate a 10 GHz-rate stream of short optical pulses with the lowest timing jitter reported to-date for self-starting pulse sources and a corresponding low-phase-noise 10 GHz electrical signal. The use of EAM-OEO for clock recovery can be easily scaled to 160 Gb/s or higher data rates by utilizing 40 GHz-bandwidth EAM and other components in the optoelectronic cavity.
Studies on rat sympathetic neurons developing in cell culture. II. Synaptic mechanisms.

Abstract Sympathetic neurons dissociated from superior cervical ganglia of newborn rats were grown in culture either alone or with non-neuronal cells, as described in the preceding paper. In the presence of the non-neuronal cells, but rarely in their absence, neurons formed functional synapses with each other de novo. The synapses were of two types, both excitatory. One type operated by nonrectifying electrical transmission and comprised only a few percent of the interactions; it was characterized by negligible synaptic delay and the transfer of steady depolarizations or hyperpolarizations from one cell to the other. At the second type of synapse which was chemical, there was a synaptic delay (minimum, 1 msec) and the amplitudes of the chemically mediated postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.'s) were dependent on the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the extracellular medium. As described in the following paper, the e.p.s.p.'s were sensitive to nicotinic-cholinergic blocking agents. The incidence of chemical transmission increased markedly with age in culture. This increase was associated with the formation of networks in which the neurons were extensively connected to each other. In such cultures an action potential evoked in one neuron often gave rise in other neurons and in the stimulated neuron to a volley of synaptic activity (“complex wave”) which occurred nearly synchronously, though not identically, in each neuron. The complex waves depended on chemical transmission since they, like the simple e.p.s.p.'s, were abolished by nicotinic blocking agents.
Exploring Musical Space

New mathematical approaches can elucidate abstract musical spaces and help our understanding of harmonic processes at work in musical compositions.
Some comments on the design and implementation of FIR filterbanks for speech recognition

A program has been written which can generate banks of FIR filters using optimal-equiripple design. The composite responses of these filterbanks are very flat and have a stopband rejection of approximately 60 dB. Also, for purposes of speech recognition, energy estimates from filterbank output are frequently used, and are derived from oversampled, rectified input. A very substantial reduction in the number of calculations can be made if filter outputs are decimated while introducing a tolerable amount of error. This idea has been experimentally evaluated.
Scheduling multiple job problems with guided evolutionary simulated annealing approach

This paper reports on an investigation of whether a special type of evolutionary programming named guided evolutionary simulated annealing (GESA) might be used effectively for dealing with scheduling tasks. The GESA approach allows many candidate solutions to be 'alive' at the same time. There is local competition and global competition and more and more search resources are guided into promising regions. Simulated annealing avoids entrapment in local minima. Two examples of multiple job scheduling were investigated. Results obtained with GESA were superior to those obtained with a simulated annealing approach described in prior literatures. >
Beam Loss Control for the Fermilab Main Injector

From 2005 through 2012, the Fermilab Main Injector provided intense beams of 120 GeV protons to produce neutrino beams and antiprotons. Hardware improvements in conjunction with improved diagnostics allowed the system to reach sustained operation at 400 kW beam power. Losses were at or near the 8 GeV injection energy where 95% beam transmission results in about 1.5 kW of beam loss. By minimizing and localizing loss, residual radiation levels fell while beam power was doubled. Lost beam was directed to either the collimation system or to the beam abort. Critical apertures were increased while improved instrumentation allowed optimal use of available apertures. We will summarize the impact of various loss control tools and the status and trends in residual radiation in the Main Injector.
Confidence Intervals for fMRI Activation Maps

Neuroimaging activation maps typically color voxels to indicate whether the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals measured among two or more experimental conditions differ significantly at that location. This data presentation, however, omits information critical for interpretation of experimental results. First, no information is represented about trends at voxels that do not pass the statistical test. Second, no information is given about the range of probable effect sizes at voxels that do pass the statistical test. This leads to a fundamental error in interpreting activation maps by naive viewers, where it is assumed that colored, “active” voxels are reliably different from uncolored “inactive” voxels. In other domains, confidence intervals have been added to data graphics to reduce such errors. Here, we first document the prevalence of the fundamental error of interpretation, and then present a method for solving it by depicting confidence intervals in fMRI activation maps. Presenting images where the bounds of confidence intervals at each voxel are coded as color allows readers to visually test for differences between “active” and “inactive” voxels, and permits for more proper interpretation of neuroimaging data. Our specific graphical methods are intended as initial proposals to spur broader discussion of how to present confidence intervals for fMRI data.
Transient Bunch Compression using Pulsed Phase Modulation in High-Energy Electron Storage Rings

A method for producing short electron bunches in an electron storage ring using pulsed phase modulation has been demonstrated. A simple theoretical model was validated using the particle tracking code elegant, and the bunch compression process was observed experimentally in the Advanced Photon Source storage ring using a visible light streak camera. Compression to 54% of the initial bunch length was achieved.
PATIENT SAFETY AND PHYSICIAN SILENCE.

American health care features little patient safety and too much physician silence about injuries. Preventable medical injuries are numerous, and research presents a convincing case that advancing capabilities in patient safety could greatly reduce harm to patients. Safety and silence are not unrelated, as safety analysis starts with disclosure of problems. Two main sets of factors resist patient safety and promote physician silence: internal medical culture and the external sociolegal environment of health care. Recognition of the importance of external accountability, external oversight of medical discipline, and tort compensation should be modified to make it easier for practitioners to do the right thing. Tort liability alternatives are warranted. (Journal of Legal Medicine 25:505?16.)
Chlorite control of correlations between strain and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility

Abstract Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has in the past been used as an indicator of finite strain; mathematical relationships between the measured AMS ellipsoid and the finite strain ellipsoid in slates are numerous. The Ordovician Martinsburg Formation at Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania, provides a unique opportunity to test this correlation, as a complete shale-to-slate transition is preserved. Magnitudes of the principal susceptibility axes appear to reflect a strain gradient at this location. Apparent strain values derived from AMS, using equations from Rathore and Hrouda, have X : Y : Z ratios from 2.79 : 1.87 : 0.19 (shale) to 2.92 : 0.82 : 0.42 (slate). The orientations of the susceptibility axes characterize two fabrics: (i) k int k max planes at 20° to bedding and (ii) k int k max planes parallel to cleavage. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility fails to show any intermediate orientations of the principal susceptibility axes in the zone in which cleavage is developed. Comparison with phyllosilicate crystallographic orientations indicates that the AMS intermediate and maximum susceptibility axes are parallel to chlorite basal planes. Because chlorite reoriented via dissolution and new growth as cleavage developed in this location, and because models correlating AMS and strain instead assume that strain is reflected by the rotation of the magnetic susceptibility carriers, the apparent strain values calculated from AMS reflect only the degree of dissolution and neocrystallization in these rocks and not the finite strain.
What do online behavioral advertising privacy disclosures communicate to users

Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA), the practice of tailoring ads based on an individual's online activities, has led to privacy concerns. In an attempt to mitigate these privacy concerns, the online advertising industry has proposed the use of OBA disclosures: icons, accompanying taglines, and landing pages intended to inform users about OBA and provide opt-out options. We conducted a 1,505-participant online study to investigate Internet users' perceptions of OBA disclosures. The disclosures failed to clearly notify participants about OBA and inform them about their choices. Half of the participants remembered the ads they saw but only 12% correctly remembered the disclosure taglines attached to ads. When shown the disclosures again, the majority mistakenly believed that ads would pop up if they clicked on disclosures, and more participants incorrectly thought that clicking the disclosures would let them purchase advertisements than correctly understood that they could then opt out of OBA. "AdChoices", the most commonly used tagline, was particularly ineffective at communicating notice and choice. A majority of participants mistakenly believed that opting out would stop all online tracking, not just tailored ads. We dicuss challenges in crafting disclosures and provide suggestions for improvement.
HEAT TRANSFER TO NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS UNDER LAMINAR-FLOW CONDITIONS

Abstract Rates of heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluid systems passing through smooth round tubes under laminar flow conditions have been studied both experimentally and theoretically, for the case in which viscous heat generation may be neglected. The data of three independent investigators have been correlated with an average deviation of 16 per cent. The final equation contains the conventional Grashof number type of correction to account (empirically) for natural convection effects and the Sieder-Tate correction for radial variation of fluid consistency. Interestingly, up to 37 per cent of the total heat was transferred by natural convection even in systems which were highly non-Newtonian, hence viscous, in nature.
Characterization and Modeling of Pad Asperity Response in CMP

A model is proposed to understand the interactions between CMP pad asperities and the wafer. Pad asperity reduced modulus and height distribution are included in the model. Physical measurements of asperity properties are performed: asperity reduced modulus is measured by nanoindentation, and pad asperity height distribution is scanned by profilometry. The measured results are used in the model to predict the contact area percentage between the pad and wafer in the CMP process.
Laser cleaning: Laser‐induced removal of particles from surfaces

Pulsed-laser-induced removal of particles from surfaces is a new cleaning technique. This laser cleaning can be performed on dry surfaces as well as on wet surfaces with a micron-thick liquid film during pulsed laser irradiation to provide enhanced removal efficiency. Using the latter technique, to be called ‘steam laser cleaning’ here, we are able to remove epoxy, alumina, silicon or gold particles with diameters in the range 0.1–10 μm from silicon and other surfaces.
The Mental Health Walk-In Clinic: the University of Massachusetts experience.

Abstract A mental health walk-in clinic was introduced at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1978 and was successful in maintaining accessible and early intervention services. Over the last few years, serious questions arose about the quality of service provided and the amount of stress on staff based on the volume of people needing to be seen during the walk-in clinic time period. A survey of 100 consecutive walk-in clients indentified a number of positive and negative factors including the fact that 43% of the people would have taken a regular 50-minute intake appointment if available within four days to two weeks. Several changes were implemented in the clinical intake system with very positive results. “Treatment of Penicillin-Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae with Oral Norfloxacin,” STEVEN R. CRIDER, et al. Norfloxacin, an orally administered quinoline carboxylic acid that is structurally related to nalidixic acid, has been shown to be highly active in vitro against penicillinase-producing N...
Problems in physicians' classification and reporting of congenital syphilis

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis (CS) in newborns can only be made through a review of the mothers' testing and treatment history and through the infants' clinical and laboratory findings. We describe difficulties in the classification of CS by physicians and the health department during a recent syphilis epidemic. The records of infants identified as potential cases of CS by laboratory testing, discharge diagnosis, or health department records were reviewed by epidemiologists. The reasons for concordance and discordance in classification between the physician and the epidemiologist were determined. Congenital syphilis was identified in 126 infants. Seventeen cases were discordant and 12 cases concordant but the physician's classification was for incorrect reasons. Misclassification occurred because physicians lacked data known to the health department (n=7), health departments lacked data known to the physician (n=1), and physicians misinterpreted the case definition for CS (n=21). Suggestions for improving the diagnosis and reporting of CS are included.
Sustainable development in Qatar: Challenges and opportunities

This work outlines the issue of sustainable development in a global context as well as examining the potential for success, in terms of development strategy, in Qatar. The aim of the paper is threefold: Define sustainable development and what pursuing a path of “sustainable development” means for Qatar. Outline the challenges facing Qatar in terms of realizing the vision of sustainable development; and explore currently unrealized opportunities for sustainable development.
Spermiogenesis in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Spermiogenesis of Anthonomus grandis Boheman, the cotton boll weevil, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The basic morphologic features investigated and illustrated were: acrosome, nucleus, fibrous masses, microtubules, and mitochondrial derivatives. A centriole adjunct was observed to surround the basal body (centriole derivative) early in spermiogenesis, but it subsequently disappeared. In the sperm tail, one mitochondrial derivative developed into a rod-like structure that inserted into a concavity at the base of the nucleus and terminated near the end of the tail. This mitochondrial derivative may provide a rigid base for the undulating membrane. In addition, the attachment of the rod to the nucleus may serve in a manner analogous to the function that has been suggested for the centriole adjunct: it may anchor the head to the tail. A possible abnormal condition may arise when the mitochondrial derivative rod fails to insert into the sperm nucleus.
Effects of specularly reflected radiation on spacecraft temperatures and thermal gradients

This paper describes the effect that specularly reflected solar energy has upon the heating load imposed upon orbiting spacecraft. Because this reflection may increase the total heating by factors of two or three, it is important that it can be computed accurately. An efficient method for treating multiple reflections is given and demonstrated by computing the temperatures and thermal gradients in a reflecting spherical radiator.
Enhanced Cellular Mobility Guided by TiO2 Nanotube Surfaces

The in vitro endothelial response of primary bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) was investigated on a flat Ti surface vs a nanostructured TiO2 nanotube surface. The nanotopography provided nanoscale cues that facilitated cellular probing, cell sensing, and especially cell migration, where more organized actin cytoskeletal filaments formed lamellipodia and locomotive morphologies. Motile cell protrusions were able to probe down into the nanotube pores for contact stimulation, and focal adhesions were formed and disassembled readily for enhanced advancement of cellular fronts, which was not observed on a flat substrate of titanium. NOx and endothelin-1 functional assays confirmed that the nanotubes also up-regulated an antithrombic cellular state for maintaining vascular tone. The enhanced endothelial response to TiO2 nanotubes is significant for a potential modification of vascular stent surfaces in order to increase the rate and reliability of endothelialization and endothelial cell migration onto th...
Materials discovery via topologically-correct display of reduced-dimension data

Abstract Authors describe and demonstrate a `ratio-conserving' mapping procedure for attaining reduced-dimension representations of multidimensional data. This procedure has a theoretical basis for topological correctness in that the ratio of the metrics in the two representations is maintained constant throughout. It is also demonstrated that comparing the reduced-dimension depiction of data with the results of clustering and spanning tree operations in the full-dimension space can validate such reduced-dimension mappings. Demonstrations are carried out using a body of semiconductor data, with five independent variables and one dependent variable.
Volunteer participation in collaborative watershed partnerships: insights from the Theory of Planned Behaviour

A growing body of literature in collaborative natural resource management has identified factors associated with group processes, outputs and outcomes. Scholars have also begun to identify variables that affect whether, why and how volunteers choose to participate in collaborative efforts. To date, however, these variables have been analysed largely in isolation. This study examines variables from the Theory of Planned Behaviour and volunteerism literature. Analysis of data from members of 11 watershed partnerships in Ohio, USA, indicates significant links from attitudes, subjective norms (how ‘important others’ expect an individual to behave), and personal requests to active participation in group activities.
Bidding behavior in a repeated procurement auction: A summary

Abstract This paper considers bidding behavior in a repeated procurement auction setting. We study highway procurement data for the state of California between December 1994 and October 1998. We consider a dynamic bidding model that takes into account the presence of intertemporal constraints such as capacity constraints. We estimate the model non-parametrically and assess the presence of dynamic constraints in bidding.
Interstellar H3+ Line Absorption toward LkHα 101

We present a detection of three lines of the H ion in the near-infrared spectrum of the Herbig Be star LkHα 101. H is the principal initiator of gas-phase chemistry in interstellar clouds and can be used to constrain the ionization rate or the path length through interstellar material along the line of sight. Essentially all of the observed H column of (2.2 ± 0.3) × 1014 cm-2 toward LkHα 101 originates in the same dense, dark cloud; less than 1 mag of the ~11 total magnitudes of visual extinction is attributable to diffuse material. Constraints on the density [1 × 104 cm-3 < n(H2) < 4 × 104 cm-3], along with estimates of distances to the obscuring cloud, imply H2 ionization rates of 6.7 × 10-17 s-1 < ζ < 2.7 × 10-16 s-1. The nondetection of fluorescent H2 emission at the cloud surface implies that the obscuring dark cloud is located at least 20 pc from LkHα 101 and is therefore decoupled from its evolution. The confirmation of significant H in dense material addresses earlier concerns that H may originate in diffuse material surrounding dense clouds.
Mechanistic study on ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography

Summary The mechanism of “ion-pair” chromatography that employs a non-polar stationary phase and an amphiphilic ion in the eluent to augment the retention of oppositely charged sample components is investigated. Examination of literature data indicates that neither of the simple limiting mechanisms, “ion pairing” or “dynamic ion exchange”, can account for the observed dependence of the retention factor on the concentration of the amphiphilic ion over a sufficiently wide range of conditions. According to the ion-pairing mechanism the analyte traverses the column in the form of an ion pair whereas the dynamic ion-exchange mechanism implies that the interaction of the analyte with the hydrophobic counter-ion adsorbed on the stationary phase surface is responsible for retention. Results of the present study indicate that a mechanistic model based on the assumption that both phenomena take place concurrently does not give adequate agreement with experimental findings either. Therefore, a so-called dynamic complex exchange model is proposed that assumes a metathetical exchange of the analyte between the amphiphilic ion bound to the stationary phase and the ion pairs formed in the mobile phase. Re-examination: of earlier experimental data and the results of computer simulation suggest that this model appropriately reflects the experimentally observed hyperbolic dependence of the retention factor on the concentration of the “ion-pairing” agent as long as the retention-attenuating effect of micelle formation is negligible.
Bateau Fait À La Main: Public Boat Building and Waterborne Tourism in Louisiana

A trend toward waterborne cultural and eco-tourism is developing in Louisiana. This article reports upon a project in 2003-2004 that produced a traditional boat for service as a touring vessel on the Bayou Vermilion, in the vicinity of Lafayette. The decision to build an authentic traditional boat for tours on the Bayou Vermilion was motivated, in part, by a desire to help conserve local folk traditions. From pirogues to oyster schooners, boats have long figured prominently in the lives of residents of coastal, wetland, and riverine Louisiana. As a folk craft based in wood carpentry, Louisiana boat building supported many commercial and recreational activities over the years, but wooden boat production declined during the second half of the twentieth century. Today, few artisans acquire the skills to master wooden boat construction; thus, a symbol of traditional Louisiana life is endangered.
Correlated response in reproductive and life history traits to selection on testis length in Drosophila hydei

Flies in the genus Drosophila have undergone striking evolutionary divergence in the size and number of sperm produced. Based on comparative studies of sperm length, testis length, and other reproductive and life history traits, including body size, age at first reproduction, and the number of sperm produced, macroevolutionary trade-offs resulting from the need to produce high-investment testes have been postulated. To understand better the microevolutionary processes underlying these interspecific patterns, we imposed replicated bidirectional selection for testis length for 11–12 generations on D. hydei, a species with 23.5 mm-long sperm and 30 mm-long testes. Testis length exhibited realized heritabilities ranging from 0.45 to 0.72. Following selection, traits were assayed for correlated responses. Thorax length, testis mass, sperm length, egg-to-adult development time, and posteclosion maturation time showed consistent positive correlated responses. Numbers of sperm produced and transferred to females, male longevity, female egg productivity, and seminal receptacle length did not show consistent correlated responses to selection on testis length. The pattern of correlated responses to testis length reveal the potential for the evolution of reproductive strategies to alter important life history attributes.
Neural Responses to Monetary Incentives in Major Depression

Background Reduced responsiveness to positive incentives is a central feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In the present study, we compared neural correlates of monetary incentive processing in unmedicated depressed participants and never-depressed control subjects. Methods Fourteen currently depressed and 12 never-depressed participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while participating in a monetary incentive delay task. During the task, participants were cued to anticipate and respond to a rapidly presented target to gain or avoid losing varying amounts of money. Results Depressed and never-depressed participants did not differ in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) activation or in affective or behavioral responses during gain anticipation. Depressed participants did, however, exhibit increasing anterior cingulate activation during anticipation of increasing gains, whereas never-depressed participants showed increasing anterior cingulate activation during anticipation of increasing loss. Depressed participants also showed reduced discrimination of gain versus nongain outcomes. Conclusions The present findings indicate that although unmedicated depressed individuals have the capacity to experience positive arousal and recruit NAcc activation during gain anticipation, they also exhibit increased anterior cingulate cortex activation, suggestive of increased conflict during anticipation of gains, in addition to showing reduced discrimination of gain versus nongain outcomes.
Controlled clinical assessment of astemizole in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema

Astemizole, one of the newer generation of nonsedating antihistamines, was evaluated in a double-blind study of forty-six patients who had chronic idiopathic urticaria with or without angioedema; most had severe disease. Nineteen of twenty-three patients who were on placebo discontinued treatment because of lack of response compared to only five of twenty-three astemizole-treated patients (p
Sedimentology and Shallow Stratigraphy of Mid-Atlantic Ridge Mountain Tops: ABSTRACT

Bottom photographs and drilled rock cores, obtained from several mountain tops along the crest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 45°N, show a patchy distribution of basic igneous rock outcrops and localized mixed deposits of basaltic boulders, cobbles and pebbles, ahermatypic-coral skeletal fragments, and calcareous mud. Coralline limestones repeatedly have been observed underlying unconsolidated pebble and mud deposits. Between 900 and 1,200 m water depth on the south slope of Confederation Peak (45°23^primeN, 28°10^primeW), outcrops of fractured igneous rock are surrounded by deposits of angular cobbles and pebbles in a calcareous-mud matrix. Downslope, exposed, igneous rock outcrops are surrounded by pebble deposits with about a 60% calcareous-mud matrix. A basalt conglomerate core drilled near the top of this mountain (914 m) is composed of manganese-coated pebble and cobble-sized basaltic fragments cemented by a calcareous matrix that may have lithified, in part, during subsequent vertical uplift of this deposit to its present elevation. At 1,042 m water depth, porous coralline limestone was encountered by the drill after 143 cm of penetration through unconsolidated sediments. The surfa e of the north side of Bald Mountain (45°13^primeN, 28°56^primeW) between 1,555 and 2,380 m is composed of outcrops of basic igneous rock alternating with angular cobble and gravel deposits, probably of similar composition. An intermittent cover of calcareous mud is evident starting at about 1,900 m water depth. Slightly porous and friable, coralline limestone, covered by 81 and 155 cm of coral skeletal material, basaltic pebbles, and calcareous mud has been drilled at 1,426 and 1,682, respectively. Generally, limestones covered by a relatively thin layer of unconsolidated sediment and those situated at relatively shallow water depths show a greater degree of induration. Five whole-sample radiocarbon dates determined for the upper parts of several limestone cores range approxim tely between 31,000 and 39,000 years, suggesting that deposition and (or) lithification may have been associated with a moderately warm interval following the early Wisconsin glaciation (Emiliani's Stage 3). End_of_Article - Last_Page 803------------
Spatial Data Analysis

With increasing accessibility to geographic information systems (GIS) software, statisticians and data analysts routinely encounter scientific data sets with geocoded locations. This has generated considerable interest in statistical modeling for location-referenced spatial data. In public health, spatial data routinely arise as aggregates over regions, such as counts or rates over counties, census tracts, or some other administrative delineation. Such data are often referred to as areal data. This review article provides a brief overview of statistical models that account for spatial dependence in areal data. It does so in the context of two applications: disease mapping and spatial survival analysis. Disease maps are used to highlight geographic areas with high and low prevalence, incidence, or mortality rates of a specific disease and the variability of such rates over a spatial domain. They can also be used to detect hot spots or spatial clusters that may arise owing to common environmental, demographic, or cultural effects shared by neighboring regions. Spatial survival analysis refers to the modeling and analysis for geographically referenced time-to-event data, where a subject is followed up to an event (e.g., death or onset of a disease) or is censored, whichever comes first. Spatial survival analysis is used to analyze clustered survival data when the clustering arises from geographical regions or strata. Illustrations are provided in these application domains.
Supergravity and superstring signatures of the one-parameter model at LHC

Many string constructions have a classical no-scale structure, resulting in a one-parameter model (OPM) for the supersymmetry breaking soft terms. As a highly constrained subset of mSUGRA, the OPM has the potential to be predictive. Conversely, if the observed superpartner spectrum at LHC is a subset of the OPM parameter space, then this may provide a clue to the underlying theory at high energies. We investigate the allowed supersymmetry parameter space for a generic one-parameter model taking into account the most recent experimental constraints. We find that, in the strict moduli scenario, there are no regions of the parameter space which may satisfy all constraints. However, for the dilaton scenario, there are small regions of the parameter space where all constraints may be satisfied and for which the observed dark matter density may be generated. We also survey the possible signatures which may be observable at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Finally, we compare collider signatures of OPM to those from a model with nonuniversal soft terms, in particular, those of an intersecting D6-brane model. We find that it may be possible to distinguish between these diverse scenarios at LHC.
PRC2/EED-EZH2 Complex Is Up-Regulated in Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Compared to Primary Tumor and Correlates with Tumor Proliferation In Situ

Background Lymph node metastasis is a key event in the progression of breast cancer. Therefore it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms which facilitate regional lymph node metastatic progression.
The origin of high-amplitude magnetic anomalies at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca ridge and Blanco fracture zone

Abstract The intersection of the Juan de Fuca ridge and Blanco fracture zone is characterized by unusually high amplitude magnetic anomalies (over 1500 nT) which appear to be associated with a body roughly 50 km in length and 20 km in width aligned along the fracture zone. Simple three-dimensional magnetic models indicate that this anomaly is probably caused by a highly magnetized block of material situated in the western end of the Blanco fracture zone near its intersection with the Juan de Fuca ridge. Rock magnetization studies of tholeiitic basalts dredged from this area confirm the presence of highly magnetized basalts near the ridge crest/transform fault intersection. These tholeiitic basalts are enriched in iron and titanium relative to “normal” oceanic tholeiites, apparently the result of extensive shallow fractionation involving olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene. Magnetic model studies indicate that an average thickness of no more than 500 m of these iron-rich basalts is necessary to produce the observed anomaly pattern. Comparison of these basalts with samples previously dredged from the Juan de Fuca ridge crest suggests that these Fe-rich, highly magnetized basalts probably “leaked” out of the southernmost portion of the Juan de Fuca ridge.
THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE: A SURVEY1

SUMMARY A survey of 38 axenic isolates of blue-green algae indicated that over half the isolates produced hydrogen peroxide under defined growth conditions. Three kinetic profiles for the formation of hydrogen peroxide, were observed; these are described. The possible site or sites of hydrogen peroxide formation remain unknown.
Transcriptional stimulation of anthrax toxin receptors by anthrax edema toxin and Bacillus anthracis Sterne spore.

We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to not only investigate the mRNA levels of anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) and 2 (ANTXR2) in the murine J774A.1 macrophage cells and different tissues of mice, but also evaluate the effect of anthrax edema toxin and Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores on the expression of mRNA of these receptors. The mRNA transcripts of both receptors was detected in J774A.1 cells and mouse tissues such as the lung, heart, kidney, spleen, stomach, jejunum, brain, skeleton muscle, and skin. The ANTXR2 mRNA level was significantly higher than that of ANTXR1 in J774A.1 cells and all tissues examined. The mRNA expression of both receptors in the lung was the highest among the tissues evaluated. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of both receptors in J774A.1 cells was up-regulated by edema toxin. In addition, ANTXR mRNA expression in the lung was down-regulated after subcutaneous inoculation of B. anthracis Sterne spores as well as after intranasal administration of anthrax toxin-based vaccine BioThrax™. These results suggest that anthrax edema toxin and B. anthracis Sterne spore are involved in the ANTXR mRNA regulation in host cells.
Solute segregation behavior in rapidly solidified cellular structures

Abstract Theories pertaining to solute partitioning, solute build-up, and tip stability of dendrites are reviewed with regard to application to rapid cellular growth. From these theories, a model which uses a paraboloid of revolution as the cell shape is developed to describe the variations in composition across a cell in unidirectional rapid cellular solidification. The surface of two alloys, iron-30 wt% nickel and aluminum-5 wt% silicon, is melted to a depth of 50–100 μm by a single 250 millisecond laser pulse. Experimental compositional profiles across cells are measured using analytical transmission electron microscopy. Good agreement is obtained between the model and the experimental profiles. Comparison of the measured and calculated profiles indicates that solute trapping has a negligible effect on the resultant profiles but that solute build-up effects are significant.
The Sharp Theta Rhythm on the Occipital Areas of Prematures (STOP): A Newly Described Waveform:

This study on 500 prematures and neonates with conceptional ages (CA) of 23-49 wks describes the STOP pattern (sharp theta on the occipitals of prematures). STOP is similar to PT theta (premature temporal theta) in configuration, but is faster in frequency, lower in amplitude, more often unilateral, aside from the obvious difference in location. The incidence (%) was highest at the youngest age, decreasing to zero near term, and the amount (number of bursts) was greatest at 25 wks (CA). Three different parts appear in the incidence and amplitude curves, and these three parts may be related to changes in the laterality of the pattern. In the youngest age these rhythms are mainly bilateral, in the older neonates they are unilateral and are either for the ages between those extremes. STOP is seen more often in active sleep, but is reduced in incidence in patients with abnormal slow waves, ictal or immature patterns. Right-sided STOP was more frequently associated with abnormal EEGs, especially in males with right-sided sharp waves, often noted in the patients with seizures and intraventricular hemorrhages.
Correlation of end-tidal CO2 to cerebral perfusion during CPR.

Study objective: A number of studies have demonstrated a correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco 2 ), cardiac output, and return of spontaneous circulation in experimental animals and in patients undergoing closed-chest CPR. Our study attempted to correlate ETco 2 to cerebral blood flow during cardiac arrest. Design: Sixteen piglets were anesthetized, intubated, and instrumented for cerebral blood flow studies. An ultrasonic flow probe was placed on both internal carotid arteries for continuous flow measurements. The animal was fibrillated, and closed-chest CPR was begun. Continuous ETc0 2 measurements were obtained and compared with simultaneous internal carotid, cardiac output, and cerebral blood flow measurements. Measurements and main results: Correlations between ETco 2 and carotid and cerebral blood flow were determined using Pearson's method. The correlation between ETco 2 and total internal carotid flow was .58 ( P = .01, Bonferroni's adjusted P = .30). Correlation between ETco 2 and cerebral blood flow was .64 ( P = .01, Bonferroni's adjusted P = .09). A partial correlation coefficient for ETco 2 versus cardiac output was .70, whereas it was only .30 for ETco 2 versus cerebral blood flow. Conclusion: Partial correlation coefficients suggest that ETco 2 correlates with cerebral blood flow when changes in cerebral blood flow parallel changes in cardiac output.