cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calibration and optimization of computer-controlled optical surfacing for large optics

Precision optical surfaces can be efficiently manufactured using a computer-controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) process. Most CCOS processes are based on control of the dwell time of a tool on the workpiece, according to the desired removal and the tool influence function (TIF), which is the material wear function of the tool. Several major topics were investigated to improve current CCOS processes and provide new solutions for the next generation of CCOS processes. A rigid conformal (RC) lap using a visco-elastic non-Newtonian medium was invented. It conforms to the aspheric surface shape, yet maintains stiffness on short time scales to provide natural smoothing. The smoothing removes mid- to high-frequency errors while controlled dwell time removes low-frequency errors. A parametric smoothing model was also introduced to predict the smoothing effects. A parametric edge TIF model to represent measured edge TIFs was developed and demonstrated. This model covers the removal behavior as the tool overhangs the edge of the workpiece. These new tools and models were applied in a new process optimization technique called nonsequential optimization. The non-sequential approach performs a comprehensive optimization of dwell time using multiple TIFs (multiple tools) simultaneously. An overview of these newly implemented CCOS features** is presented along with some actual CCOS results.
Development of a compact gas imaging sensor employing a cw fiber-amp-pumped PPLN OPO

Summary form only given. Backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) is a laser technique for real-time video visualization of gas plumes. A scene is illuminated with IR laser radiation as it is imaged by an IR camera. Gases absorbing at the laser wavelength become visible as they attenuate the laser backscatter. We describe the development of a BAGI instrument that is sufficiently portable for use by a walking operator. A compact and electrically efficient format was achieved by developing a miniature PPLN OPO pumped by a fiber amplifier. This effort extends earlier work in which a Nd:YAG-pumped OPO was used in a vehicle-borne imager.
Neurostimulation for Primary Headache Disorders: Part 2, Review of Central Neurostimulators for Primary Headache, Overall Therapeutic Efficacy, Safety, Cost, Patient Selection, and Future Research in Headache Neuromodulation

This article is the second of 2 articles reviewing neurostimulation for primary headaches. In Part 1, we described methods, pathophysiology and anatomy, and history of neuromodulation in the treatment of headache, as well as reviewing the literature on peripheral neuromodulation for primary headaches. Peripheral targets for stimulation include percutaneous nerves, transcranial holocephalic, occipital nerves, auriculotemporal nerves, supraorbital nerves, cervical epidural, and sphenopalatine ganglia. In Part 2, we describe available literature on central neuromodulation in primary headaches. Central stimulation targets include vagus nerve and deep brain structures. Part 2 also analyzes overall therapeutic efficacy, safety, cost, patient selection, and recommendations for further research of neurostimulation modalities based on available data.
Part II: coordinated biosensors--development of enhanced nanobiosensors for biological and medical applications.

In this review, we summarize recent developments in nanobiosensors and their applications in biology and potential in medical diagnostics. We first highlight the concept of coordinated nanobiosensors, which integrate desirable properties of the individual components: protein machinery for sensitivity and specificity of binding, peptide or nucleic acid chemistry for aligning the various electron-transducing units and the nanoelectrodes for enhancing sensitivity in electronic detection. The fundamental basis of coordinated nanobiosensing is in applying the precise 3D atomic resolution structural information to rationally design and fabricate biosensors with high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, we describe several biosensors developed for detecting biologically relevant compounds, including those for hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, glucose, DNA and cytochrome C. Results from these systems highlight the potential advantages of using nanoscale biosensors and how further developments in this area will c...
Extracting physical IC models using near-field scanning

Accurate modeling of chip and chip-package is critical for EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and RFI (RF Interference) analysis and prediction. In this paper, a model based on an array of dipoles from near-field measurement is proposed. A simple active circuit is simulated in a 3-D full-wave simulation tool, and the dipole model is calculated from the near-field data in the simulation using inverse method with regularization technique. This model has clear physical meaning, and it is validated using field at other place.
Economic and Social Factors in Income Inequality: Race and Sex Discrimination and Status as Elements in Wage Differentials

. This paper examines by the use of several econometric techniques some of the economic and social factors in wage differentials as elements in income inequality. The effects of education, sex, occupation, class of workers, industry, race, marital status, hours and weeks worked, and age are analyzed by the use of regression analysis in conjunction with binary variables and joint tests of significance. The results show that the inclusion of the sex variable represents a significant improvement over previous economic models and that it is not the number of years of education that is important but rather the obtaining of academic degrees.
Introduction to Biometrics

Biometric recognition, or simply biometrics, is the science of establishing the identity of a person based on physical or behavioral attributes. It is a rapidly evolving field with applications ranging from securely accessing ones computer to gaining entry into a country. While the deployment of large-scale biometric systems in both commercial and government applications has increased the public awareness of this technology, "Introduction to Biometrics" is the first textbook to introduce the fundamentals of Biometrics to undergraduate/graduate students. The three commonly used modalities in the biometrics field, namely, fingerprint, face, and iris are covered in detail in this book. Few other modalities like hand geometry, ear, and gait are also discussed briefly along with advanced topics such as multibiometric systems and security of biometric systems. Exercises for each chapter will be available on the book website to help students gain a better understanding of the topics and obtain practical experience in designing computer programs for biometric applications. These can be found at: http://www.csee.wvu.edu/~ross/BiometricsTextBook/.Designed for undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and electrical engineering, "Introduction to Biometrics" is also suitable for researchers and biometric and computer security professionals.
Identification of a panel of sensitive and specific DNA methylation markers for squamous cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States and Western Europe. Over 160,000 Americans die of this disease every year. The five-year survival rate is 15% – significantly lower than that of other major cancers. Early detection is a key factor in increasing lung cancer patient survival. DNA hypermethylation is recognized as an important mechanism for tumor suppressor gene inactivation in cancer and could yield powerful biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer. Here we focused on developing DNA methylation markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Using the sensitive, high-throughput DNA methylation analysis technique MethyLight, we examined the methylation profile of 42 loci in a collection of 45 squamous cell lung cancer samples and adjacent non-tumor lung tissues from the same patients. We identified 22 loci showing significantly higher DNA methylation levels in tumor tissue than adjacent non-tumor lung. Of these, eight showed highly significant hypermethylation in tumor tissue (p < 0.0001): GDNF, MTHFR, OPCML, TNFRSF25, TCF21, PAX8, PTPRN2 and PITX2. Used in combination on our specimen collection, this eight-locus panel showed 95.6% sensitivity and specificity. We have identified 22 DNA methylation markers for squamous cell lung cancer, several of which have not previously been reported to be methylated in any type of human cancer. The top eight markers show great promise as a sensitive and specific DNA methylation marker panel for squamous cell lung cancer.
Are Negative Symptoms Associated With Functioning Deficits in Both Schizophrenia and Nonschizophrenia Patients? A 10-Year Longitudinal Analysis

The current analyses assess the functional correlates of negative symptoms across diagnoses and across time to assess the appropriateness of a dimensional approach to the study of negative symptoms--specifically, whether negative symptoms should be studied as a single construct across diagnostic groups. Seventy-two schizophrenia/schizoaffective, 36 other psychotic, and 42 nonpsychotic depressed patients were recruited at index hospitalization and were followed up 4.5, 7.5, and 10 years later. At each followup assessment, data were collected on symptoms and adaptive and cognitive functioning. Analyses indicated that negative symptoms showed some similar functional associates in all three diagnostic groups, although results were strongest for the schizophrenia spectrum patients. Negative symptoms at the 10-year followup were associated with different patterns of social deficits prior to index hospitalization in the three diagnostic groups. The data provide some support for a dimensional approach to the study of mental illness, with negative symptoms associated with deficits across diagnosis, but also provide evidence of some diagnostic differences.
Behavior and Growth Parameters of Large White Turkeys as Affected by Floor Space and Beak Trimming. 1. Males

Abstract The effects of floor space and beak trimming on behavior and growth of Large White male turkeys were investigated. Floor space allowances were 6.5, 9.3, and 12.1 dm2/bird at 0 to 8 weeks; 11. 7, 16.7, and 21.8 dm2/bird at 8 to 12 weeks; and 28, 35, and 42 dm2/bird at 12 to 20 weeks. Floor space was adjusted by changing the pen size while maintaining a constant number of birds per pen. Body weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, feather score, live market quality, and mortality were measured. In addition, agonistic behavior including “threat avoids”, “peck avoids”, “threat chases”, “peck chases” and “fights”, and nonagonistic behavior including feather “pecks” and “pecks and pulls” were determined at 12 and 20 weeks of age. Floor space had no significant effect on any parameter measured through 8 weeks. At 12 weeks, feed efficiency and body weight were significantly decreased with decreasing floor space. By 20 weeks, the body weight of the birds grown at the intermediate floor space allowance from 8 to 12 weeks was no longer significantly different from those grown at the highest floor space allowance; however, the birds grown at the highest density from 8 to 12 weeks remained significantly lighter at 20 weeks. Compensatory growth, if present, appeared limited. Beak trimming had no significant effect on body weight or feed efficiency. Food intake was significantly greater in the beak trimmed birds from 12 to 18, but there was no significant difference from 12 to 20 weeks. From 12 to 20 weeks, mortality was significantly less in beak-trimmed birds. Agonistic behavior was at a very low level in these birds and was not significantly affected by floor space or beak trimming. Beak trimming significantly increased the number of nonagonistic feather “pecks” but had no significant effect on the number of feather “pecks and pulls”.
Occupancy, detection, and habitat associations of sympatric lagomorphs in early-successional bottomland forests

The status of early-successional habitats and wildlife species associated with them recently has become a concern in the eastern United States. Although federal farm programs have the potential to create early-successional habitats for wildlife, relatively few studies have assessed wildlife response to these land use changes. During 2006–2007 we studied habitat factors associated with occupancy and detection of 2 species of lagomorphs, swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus) and eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), in agricultural lands recently afforested via federal farm programs in southern Illinois. Lagomorphs were live captured, and habitat variables were measured at 27 bottomland sites. Detection probabilities of eastern cottontails and swamp rabbits were 0.44 (SE = 0.05) and 0.12 (SE = 0.03), respectively. Canopy closure (i+(i) > 0.94) had the most influence on detection probability for both eastern cottontails and swamp rabbits. Detection probability decreased with increasing canopy closure...
Radial nerve palsy at the elbow following venipuncture—Case report

A 29-year-old man sustained a radial nerve lesion when a bloodbank technician attempted to cannulate the cephalic vein. Severe pain in the hand and fingers led to removal of the 16-gauge needle. A complete motor and sensory deficit occurred below the elbow. Electrical testing confirmed the neurologic lesion. Complete recovery took 3 months.
VEGF165 promotes osteolytic bone metastasis in a Ewing’s sarcoma mouse model by upregulating RANKL

2922 We have previously demonstrated that human TC-71 Ewing’s sarcoma cells overexpress VEGF 165 compared to normal human osteoblasts. A VEGF 165 -siRNA was synthesized, which specifically inhibited VEGF 165 but not VEGF 189 or VEGF 121 . TC-71 cells stably transfected with our VEGF 165 -siRNA plasmid (TC/7-1) had decreased VEGF 165 expression with no change in VEGF 189 . Intratibia injection of TC/7-1 cells resulted in decreased tumor growth and less osteolytic bone destruction compared to tumors formed from control-transfected (TC/si) cells. An in vitro osteoclast formation assay demonstrated that recombinant human VEGF 165 induced osteoclast formation from murine bone marrow cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether VEGF 165 contributed to the osteolytic process in Ewing’s sarcoma. TRAP staining demonstrated significantly fewer osteoclasts in the TC/7-1-bone region interface compared to that in the TC/si-control-bone interface. RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) is a critical osteoclastogenesis factor. We, therefore, next determined whether altering VEGF 165 had an effect on RANKL. Western blot analysis demonstrated that RANKL was decreased in TC/7-1 cells. Incubation of these cells with recombinant VEGF 165 upregulated RANKL in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum upregulation occurred at 2 hours. The induction of RANKL by VEGF 165 was also detected in MC3T3 mouse osteoblast cells and bone marrow stromal cells as assessed by Western blot and RT-PCR. By contrast, recombinant human placenta growth factor (PLGF) failed to upregulate RANKL expression indicating that induction of RANKL by VEGF 165 was not mediated through VEGFR-1. Anti-VEGFR-2 antibody failed to block the upregulation of RANKL by VEGF 165 suggesting that VEGFR-2 is also not involved in this process. We are currently using siRNA technology to inhibit the VEGF 165 co-receptor neuropilin-1 to investigate if this receptor is involved in the upregulation of RANKL by VEGF 165 . Taken together, these data suggest that modulation of RANKL by VEGF 165 may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the osteolytic process induced by Ewing’s sarcoma cells. VEGF 165 may, therefore, play an important role in modulating RANKL gene expression in the bone marrow microenvironment during the metastatic process.
Integrating experimental data to calibrate quantitative cancer models

For quantitative cancer models to be meaningful and interpretable the number of unknown parameters must be kept minimal. Experimental data can be utilized to calibrate model dynamics rates or rate constants. Proper integration of experimental data, however, depends on the chosen theoretical framework. Using live imaging of cell proliferation as an example, we show how to derive cell cycle distributions in agent-based models and averaged proliferation rates in differential equation models. We focus on a tumor hierarchy of cancer stem and progenitor non-stem cancer cells.
IDC Reengineering Phase 2 & 3 Project Scope

This report provides a brief description of the scope of the IDC Reengineering Phase 2 project. It describes the goals and objectives of reengineering, the system definition, and the technical scope of the system. REVISIONS Version Date Author/Team Revision Description Authorized by 1.0 9/25/2014 SNL IDC Reengineering Team Unlimited Release for I2 M. Harris 1.1 28/01/2015 IDC Reengineering Team Align with previous IDC scope document E. Tomuta
P-47HARMFUL EFFECTS OF LAW-EVADING HERBS AS A NEW TREND IN JAPAN: BEHAVIORAL AND CYTOTOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS

Introduction. Law-evading herbal products consist of finely chopped dry vegetative matter mixed with chemical substances, and the drugs are injurious to health. Analysis of chemical substances in herbal products clarified that they contain synthetic cannabinoids. Method. The present study investigates the behavioral and cytotoxicological properties of synthetic cannabinoid CP-55, 940 in mice. In the current behavioral analysis study, we investigated the effect that CP-55, 940 has on place conditioning in ICR mice. The cytotoxicological effects of CP-55, 940 were characterized in mouse striatal neurons of primary culture in vitro. Results. In a place-conditioning study, CP-55, 940 produced a significant conditioned-place preference. The rewarding effects of CP-55, 940 were completely suppressed by cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251. Administration of CP-55, 940 in striatal primary culture caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrated that the CB1 receptor might be involved in the expression of CP-55, 940-induced rewarding effect. Furthermore, our data on striatal primary culture indicate that CP-55, 940 has strong neurotoxicity. These behavioral and neurochemical data indicate that CP-55, 940 might have strong adverse effects and a psychic-dependence liability. We established a psychic-dependence liability and cytotoxicity screening system for synthetic cannabinoids using animals (behavioral analysis in vivo) and cell culture (cytotoxicity analysis in vitro).
Description of a B1 lipoprotein found in chylomicron layer obtained by ultracentrifugation of serum.

SummaryWe descrive a component of the chylomicron zone obtained by ultracentrifugation of human sera which qualitively resemebles B1 Lipoprotein in its carotene and acetal lipide content and in its paper electro-phoretic mobility. The increased S1 observed seems to be related to the high lipide content of this material.
Loss of Consciousness Is Related to White Matter Injury in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract To study the relation of loss of consciousness (LOC) to white matter integrity after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), we acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 Tesla in 79 participants with mTBI and normal computed tomography (age 18 to 50 years) whom we imaged after a mean post-injury interval of 25.9 h (standard deviation = 12.3) and at 3 months. For comparison, 64 participants with orthopedic injury (OI) underwent DTI at similar intervals. Quantitative tractography was used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the left and right uncinate fasciculus (UF), left and right inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and the genu of the corpus callosum. Generalized estimating equation models assessed the association between LOC and both MD and FA across time after mTBI and compared their DTI metrics with the OI group. LOC was significantly related to MD in UF and IFOF (p values ranged from p < 0.0001 to 0.0270) and to FA in left UF (p = 0.0104) and right UF ...
Profiles in Cardiology

Presumably the reasons which Dr. J. Willis Hurst had for inviting us to write this article are related to the conspicuous circumstances which, by an accident of birth, have placed us close to the source. It has been implied that the highest requisite which must be possessed by anyone writing about the life of another person, whatever his motives-whether to justify or to defend the individual, to hold up a certain ideal of conduct, to apply a new writing approach (as done here), or to simply present facts-is the equipment or knowledge which the writer himself brings to the task (Scammell, 1984). In addition, some sympathy must be shown toward the person. “To know the poet you must love him,” wrote William Wordsworth and this holds true for teachers as well (Bond, 1968).
Value of Information Evaluation using Field Data

Value of information (VOI) provides the ability to identify and prioritize useful information gathering for a geothermal prospect, either hydrothermal or for enhanced geothermal systems. Useful information provides a value greater than the cost of the information; wasteful information costs more than the expected value of the information. In this project we applied and refined VOI methodologies on selected geothermal prospects.
Oximetry: a reflective tool for the detection of physiological expression of emotions in a science education classroom

The pulse oximeter is a device that measures the oxygen concentration (or oxygen saturation—SpO2); heart rate, and heartbeat of a person at any given time. This instrument is commonly used in medical and aerospace fields to monitor physiological outputs of a patient according to health conditions or physiological yields of a flying pilot according to changes in altitude and oxygen availability in the atmosphere. Nonetheless, the uses for pulse oximetry may expand to other fields where there is human interaction and where physiological outputs reflect fluctuations mediated by arising emotions. A classroom, for instance is filled with a plethora of emotions, but very often participants in this space are unaware of others’ or their own sentiments as these arise as a result of interactions and responses to class discussions. In this paper I describe part of a larger study-taking place at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. The focus is on the exploration of emotions and mindfulness in the science classroom. The oximeter is used in this study as a reflexive tool to detect emotions emerging among participants of a graduate History and Philosophy of Science Education course offered in the spring of 2012. Important physiological information of class participants provided by the oximeter is used to analyze the role of emotions in the classroom as sensitive and controversial topics in science education are discussed every week.
Learning from Goal Interactions

Goal interactions are ubiquitous in planning. They may be either beneficial or detrimental to the planning process. Beneficial goal interactions occur when solving one goal makes a second goal easier to solve; this is generally termed goal concord. Similarly, detrimental goal interactions happen when solving one goal makes a second goal harder to achieve; this case is referred to as goal interference.
Lightweight Scheduling for the PRAGMA Cloud Testbed

The Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) is a community of research scientists and institutions from around the Pacific Rim that work together to enable scientific expeditions in areas such as biodiversity distribution and lake ecology. PRAGMA’s members collaborate on a testbed infrastructure and over the past four years, the technology focus has shifted to cloud and software defined networking as enabling technologies. This short paper describes the design of a web-based cloud scheduler reservation system that will enable users to easily run and manage virtual clusters for their science. Based on a client-server architecture, the cloud scheduler was designed so that it requires minimal installation and and management effort for participating PRAGMA testbed sites. The PRAGMA cloud scheduler is built using a web-based room reservation tool called Booked and leverages several PRAGMA technologies such as pragma boot, Personal Cloud Controller, and virtual network overlays (e.g., IPOP, ViNe). We discuss our implementation of the pilot cloud scheduler and then describe future work.
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for the Control of Rhopobota naevana and Eupithecia miserulata in Cranberry, 2015

This experiment aimed at assessing the efficacy of insecticides currently labeled for use in cranberry (Altacor, Diazinon, and Orthene), softer chemistry insecticides labeled on cranberry (Grandevo and Venerate), and insecticides not currently labeled on cranberry (cyclaniliprole, Fanfare, and Exirel) on second generation of BHFW larvae and on CEM larvae (univoltine). This experiment was conducted in a mature cranberry planting on a commercial farm near Warrens, Wisconsin. The trial consisted of 12 main effect treatments arranged in a Complete Randomized Block design with four experimental replicates. Each replicate plot was 10 × 25 ft. Foliar applications of these …
Variation in Corporate Governance and Firm Valuation – an International Study

In this paper, we investigate the types of firms that are likely to deviate from common practice in corporate governance of their home countries and examine how the deviation is correlated with firm value. Our results show that firms with higher institutional holdings, lower insider holdings, and higher sales growth are more likely to deviate from common practice in civil law countries, whereas, in common law countries, especially in the USA, firms with lower institutional holdings, higher insider holdings, and lower sales growth are likely to deviate from common practice. We document a strong positive correlation between governance deviation and firm value in civil law countries. This relationship is robust to different testing and sample selection methods. The results, however, are mixed for US firms and not significant in other common law countries. Using the deviation from common practice as a proxy of firm-level impact on corporate governance, our results provide evidence that firm-level effect matters in governance quality and the effect varies across countries.
Penetrating knife injury to the skull: A case report in pediatric neurosurgical care:

Isolated penetrating head injury in children is rare and is usually accidental. Each case is unique since the penetrating object and the trajectory through the brain parenchyma vary greatly among patients. We present a three-year-old girl who presented with a kitchen utility knife penetrating her left midface, skull, and brain abutting the anterior cerebral vasculature. Though the patient initially presented to a local trauma center, there were no pediatric nor vascular neurosurgeons on staff. Thus, she was transferred to our tertiary facility for definitive surgical management. A pediatric and vascular neurosurgeon worked together to remove the knife safely and the underlying vasculature remained intact. Postoperatively, the patient did well and was neurologically intact. Though penetrating cranial injury is rare in the pediatric population, such complex cases of brain injury can be properly managed with good outcome by an interdisciplinary team of specialists in tertiary care centers and can result in a...
Stochastic Differential Equation Models for the Wear of Coins in Circulation

The wear of coins in circulation is mathematically examined. It is assumed that high points on the coin surface wear at a greater rate than low points. Based on this hypothesis, deterministic and stochastic differential equation models for the dynamical wear of coins in circulation are derived from physical principles. The mathematical models are solved and compared. The models agree with and explain the actual weight loss behavior of coins in circulation. As an application of the models, a quantitative parameter of coin condition is studied.
Older Lifelong Learners’ Motivations for Participating in Formal Volunteer Activities in Urban Communities

In recent years, volunteering has received increasing attention as a unique form of learning, one which may complement lifelong learning programs for older adults. This study examined the underlying volunteer motivations as well as formal volunteer behaviors among older adult lifelong learners. Data from 277 members of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute in an urban community in the western part of the United States were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and binary logistic regression models. Results showed that generativity (i.e., a desire to help next generations or communities), personal development, and well-being are salient underlying volunteer motivators. However, only generativity was associated with actual volunteering among older lifelong learners (odds ratio = 1.55; standard error = .17; p < .05). These findings suggested that existing lifelong learning programs might consider incorporating volunteer-based service learning components into their curricula in order to further promote t...
Defining the Patient Population

The ethical process is not a solution to communication gaps but a variation of mediation tactics, listening, and a value-based perspective. Such communication might be a good protocol to replicate in the clinician–patient/surrogate relationship. This original research includes data from ethics consults taken from 560 case studies in hospitals from 2008 to 2012; eventual results were analyzed as to whether patients responded positively or negatively to the recommendations. The type of person (age, race, gender) requesting an ethical consult was reflective of the overall hospital population. However, when end-of-life cares were concerned, researchers found that an element of miscommunication was rooted within the healthcare team; that miscommunication lay at the heart of every patient request for the consult, no matter the level of socioeconomic and demographic status for the patient. Correlation was found between delay in requesting an ethics consult and negative outcomes of such consults (i.e., patients not following recommended actions). Correlation was not found for age, race, gender, or any other factor. In addition, 90 percent of ethics consults were requested by surrogates or clinicians rather than patients, an indication of a highly vulnerable group.
The Oxford handbook of theology, sexuality and gender

I never read anthologies and encyclopedias from the beginning to end. I always jump to the essays that first catch my attention, are written by familiar colleagues, or address topics yet unexplored...
Increased C4d and Bb immunoreactivity and decreased MBL immunoreactivity characterise first-time pathologic first-trimester miscarriage: a case-control study.

The role of the complement system in first-time pathologic first-trimester miscarriage was investigated. In this case-control study, tissue samples of 126 women with pathologic miscarriage and term...
Opinion on the Constitutionality of Robert Mueller's Appointment

I argue in this Legal Opinion that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein's appointment of Robert Mueller is unconstitutional both under the test for officer inferiority set forth in Justice Scalia's opinion in Edmond v. United States, which is cited as good authority in Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB and also under the test for officer inferiority set forth in Chief Justice Rehnquist's majority opinion in Morrison v. Olson. Under both tests, Mueller is acting as a principal officer even though he has not been nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Mueller's appointment is therefore unconstitutional.
Super- and Sub-replication

This chapter studies super- and sub-replication in a trading constrained market. In a trading constrained market, not all derivatives can be synthetically constructed using constrained admissible s.f.t.s.’s. To price derivatives, we can obtain upper and lower bounds using super- and sub-replication. This is analogous to super- and sub-replication in an incomplete but unconstrained market, see the super- and sub-replication Chap. 8.
The Pattern and Place of Nociceptive Modulation in the Dorsal Horn

Recent technical innovations have advanced the study of the mechanisms of pain and analgesia. These advances have resulted in an increased understanding of the anatomical organization of the dorsal horn at the medullary and spinal levels. Studies employing immunocytochemical labeling of neurotransmitters, retrograde transport of HRP, and intracellular HRP techniques have been at the forefront. The greatest strides, however, have been made when two of these approaches were combined in a single experiment to identify relationships between two labeled elements simultaneously. Many of the multiple-label experiments that were first accomplished in the dorsal horn are applicable throughout the nervous system. The observations are useful from the perspective of basic concepts of neural circuitry as well as a characterization of the pathways involved in pain and analgesia. Study of the spinal cord dorsal horn offers a unique advantage in that it contains many of the identified substances in the nervous system that act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators (Table I). These neurochemicals include both classical neurotransmitters such as the monoamines and amino acids as well as recently discovered families of neuropeptides. This chapter seeks to address some of the fundamental observations on the anatomical and neurochemical organization of the dorsal horn and to apply the findings to basic issues of integration in the nervous system as well as to the study of pain and analgesia.
Effects of Genetic Counselor Self-Disclosure: an Experimental Analog Study.

The complex nature of self-disclosure poses challenges for genetic counselors in clinical practice. We examined the impact of genetic counselor self-disclosure on observer perceptions of the counselor. In an online analog study, 123 participants watched a 3-minute video of a simulated genetic counseling session. For half the participants, the video showed the counselor disclosing that she had a family medical history similar to the patient (direct personal disclosure). For half the participants, the counselor revealed her experience with other patients (direct professional disclosure). Half the participants in each video condition read that the patient had discovered personal information about the counselor during a pre-session web search (indirect personal disclosure); half read that the patient learned of the counselor’s FAQ webpage for prospective patients (indirect professional disclosure). Participants in the direct personal disclosure conditions gave higher ratings to the counseling relationship on an abbreviated version of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and rated themselves more likely to see the counselor compared to those in the direct professional disclosure conditions. The content of the indirect disclosure conditions (personal or professional) had no effect. Brief, direct, verbal disclosure of session-relevant personal information by a genetic counselor appears to enhance the counselor-patient relationship and increase the likelihood of patients returning to the counselor.
Abstract 3031: Positron emission tomography imaging of activated T cells by targeting OX40 reveals spatiotemporal immune dynamics and predicts response to in situ tumor vaccination

Clinical success of cancer immunotherapies has renewed interest in imaging the behavior of immune cells. Due to the spatiotemporally varying signatures of immune response, it has been difficult to monitor and predict patient outcomes using traditional clinical tests. ImmunoPET, defined herein as positron emission tomography utilizing radiolabeled antibodies, has the potential to enable noninvasive, sensitive and longitudinal interrogation of immune cell subset and state. Cell states including activation, anergy, and exhaustion may be more prognostic of disease outcome than the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells alone. In particular, T cell activation is thought to be critical to treatment success across many classes of cancer immunotherapy. In this work, we present the first radionuclide imaging of OX40, a novel and specific biomarker of activated antigen-specific T cells. Activation dependent and T cell restricted expression of OX40 was validated in vitro via flow cytometric analysis. Cell uptake studies with radiolabeled 64Cu-DOTA-AbOX40 demonstrated ~11 fold [p Citation Format: Aaron T. Mayer, Israt S. Alam, Idit Sagiv-Barfi, Kezheng Wang, Ophir Vermesh, Debra K. Czerwinski, Emily M. Johnson, Michelle L. James, Ronald Levy, Sanjiv S. Gambhir. Positron emission tomography imaging of activated T cells by targeting OX40 reveals spatiotemporal immune dynamics and predicts response to in situ tumor vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3031.
Ann Taylor Allen (2017), the Transatlantic Kindergarten: Education and Women’s Movements in Germany and the United States (New York, USA: Oxford University Press, 2017, 292 pp.)

The term “kindergarten” today evokes images of brightly painted wooden toys and dress-up clothes, where patient teachers of Montessori or Waldorf ilk help six-year-olds reach their creative potenti...
Biosensor technologies based on nanomaterials

Abstract This chapter is dedicated to the design and fabrication technologies of the most popular and novel types of nanomaterial-based biosensors. It offers an overview of the variegated approaches for biosensor design in various applications ranging from electrochemical, optical, and acoustic detection methods. The review emphasizes, also, the synthesis, properties, and prospective of the nanostructured materials and their implications on performances of biosensors to improve detection limit, sensitivity, and selectivity. In summary, the chapter provides fundamental knowledge, recent researches, and future trends for biosensor technology based on nanomaterials aiming to a comprehensive vision on this fast-growing scenario.
Modeling the persistence of viruses in untreated groundwater

Several factors can affect virus behavior and persistence in water sources. Historically linear models have been used to describe persistence over time; however, these models do not consider all of the factors that can affect inactivation kinetics or the observed patterns of decay. Meanwhile, applying the appropriate persistence model is critical for ensuring that decision makers are minimizing human health risk in the event of contamination and exposure to contaminated groundwater. Therefore, to address uncertainty in predictions of decay or virus concentrations over time, this study fit seventeen different linear and nonlinear mathematical models to persistence data from a previously conducted sampling study on drinking water wells throughout the United States. The models were fit using Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the best fitting models were determined by the Bayesian Information Criterion. The purpose of the study was to identify the best model for estimating decay of viruses in groundwater and to determine if model uncertainty contributes to erroneous predictions of viral contamination when only conventional models are considered. For the datasets analyzed in this study, the Juneja and Marks models and the exponential damped model were more representative of the persistence of viruses in groundwater than the traditionally used linear models. The results from this study were then evaluated with classification trees in order to identify more relevant modeling methodology for future research. The classification trees aid in narrowing the scope of appropriate persistence models based on characteristics of the experimental conditions and water sampled.
Minimal overlapping patterns in colored permutations

A pattern $P$ of length $j$ has the minimal overlapping property if two consecutive occurrences of the pattern can overlap in at most one place, namely, at the end of the first consecutive occurrence of the pattern and at the start of the second consecutive occurrence of the pattern. For patterns $P$ which have the minimal overlapping property, we derive a general formula for the generating function for the number of consecutive occurrences of $P$ in words, permutations and $k$-colored permutations in terms of the number of maximum packings of $P$ which are patterns of minimal length which has $n$ consecutive occurrences of the pattern $P$. Our results have as special cases several results which have appeared in the literature. Another consequence of our results is to prove a conjecture of Elizalde that two permutations $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of size $j$ which have the minimal overlapping property are strongly $c$-Wilf equivalent if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ have the same first and last elements.
The Rural Special Education Project: A School-Based Program That Prepares Special Educators to Teach Native American Students.

The preparation, recruitment, and retention of teachers for rural areas and Native American reservations has long been a serious problem. This article describes a teacher preparation program that p...
Intensity-modulated proton therapy using dose-painting pencil beam scanning for high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma.

558Background: High rates of local control are achievable with hypofractionated proton therapy with passive techniques for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but may have limitations when tumors are a...
Mindfulness, and Specifically Compassion, Buffers the Relationship between Hopelessness and Suicide Ideation in College Students

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of mindfulness in suicide ideation (SI) in college students by testing which component(s) of mindfulness would add to the explanation of SI when de...
3 – Concrete rheometers

: This chapter introduces current technology for measuring the rheological properties of concrete. The need to evaluate or assess the flow properties of concrete has resulted in the development and, in a few cases, standardization of almost a 100 test methods. These can be divided into empirical tests that try to simulate field conditions and tests that attempt to quantify direct rheological property measurements. In the past 20 years, there has been a shift from empirical tests toward scientifically based methods that produce results in fundamental units. Numerical models have also been developed to help interpret experimental results. These models can account for the influence of particle shape and concentration on the flow of concrete in concrete rheometers.
Natural gas pipeline compressor stations: VOC emissions and mortality rates

Abstract Increasing reliance on natural gas for energy has resulted in expansion of the natural gas infrastructure, including pipelines and compressor stations to transport gas. Compressor stations emit numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) but studies of human health in association with compressor stations are almost completely absent from the literature. The objective of the study was to test for associations between VOC emissions from compressor stations and adjusted mortality rates. We conducted a county-level ecological study, using VOC emission data from the 2017 National Emissions Inventory, 2017 age-adjusted total mortality per 100,000 population from CDC data, and covariates from the County Health Rankings data. Results of multiple linear regression models showed that total age-adjusted mortality, controlling for covariates (race/ethnicity, education, poverty, urbanicity, smoking and obesity rates), was significantly higher in association with greater non-methane VOC emissions from compressor stations. Twelve individual VOCs were also associated with significantly higher adjusted mortality. Results provide preliminary evidence that compressor stations along natural gas pipelines are sources of pollutant exposures that may contribute to adverse human health outcomes.
Bone regeneration is mediated by macrophage extracellular vesicles.

Abstract Multiple local and systemic factors including inflammation influence bone regeneration. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that macrophages contribute to the immunological regulation of MSC and osteoblast function during bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrate that macrophage polarization influences this regulatory process. In this manuscript, we investigated the paracrine functional role of naive (M0), M1 and M2 polarized macrophage derived EVs in bone repair. Treatment of rat calvaria defects with no EVs, M0 EVs, M1 EVs, or M2 EVs revealed polarization-specific control of bone regeneration by macrophage EVs at 3 and 6 weeks. M0 and M2 EVs promoted repair/regeneration and M1 EVs inhibited bone repair. Pathway-specific studies conducted in cell culture showed that M1 EVs negatively regulated the BMP signaling pathway, specifically BMP2 and BMP9. In parallel, miRNA sequencing studies showed similar miRNA cargo in M0 and M2 EVs and different miRNA cargo in M1 EVs. Functional examination of M1 macrophage EV-enriched miR-155 demonstrated that miR-155 mimic treatment reduced MSC osteogenic differentiation as measured by reduced BMP2, BMP9 and RUNX2 expression when compared to controls. Conversely, treatment of MSCs with the M2 macrophage EV-enriched miR-378a mimic increased MSC osteoinductive gene expression when compared to controls. These functional studies implicate polarized macrophage EV miRNAs in the positive or negative regulation of bone regeneration that was observed in vivo. Overall, the results presented in this study indicate that macrophage polarization influences EV cargo and related EV function in the paracrine regulation of bone regeneration.
The Nature and Strategic Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility in Emerging Markets: The Case of Russia

While most studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) are conceptualized and conducted in the context of developed countries, there is little understanding of what CSR means both in terms of the nature and strategic impact on firms in emerging markets, where most of the current commercial activity takes place. This inductive paper seeks to understand and explain the implications of CSR for Russian firms by asking what it means in that context, how it affects their international expansion efforts and performance back at home (after the initial CSR-related changes are undertaken). The results suggest significant differences by the nature of the firm (i.e. big or small-and-medium sized) as well as by relations with the state (i.e. mutual benefit or barrier). The implications for scholars and managers are discussed as to the drivers of CSR heterogeneity, and the importance of CSR in overcoming liabilities in international expansion.
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Hard-Freezing of Pension Plan and Firm Performance:

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the hard-freezing of defined benefit pension plans. Although cost savings associated with a pension freeze are expected to lead to improved fu...