cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Egg, larval, and fingerling traits of crosses among striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white bass (M. chrysops), and their F1 hybrids

Abstract A 3 × 3 diallel cross among striped bass, white bass, original cross F1 hybrid females (striped bass female X white bass male), and reciprocal cross F1 hybrid males (white bass female X striped bass male) was used to estimate genetic effects for egg and larval traits. Heterosis was negative for yolk and total egg volumes and positive for male fertility. Striped bass additive effects were positive for oil, yolk, and total volumes of eggs; negative for female fertility; positive for length of larvae; and negative for body depth and swim bladder inflation of larvae. Striped bass maternal effects were positive for larval size and ability to ingest brine shrimp, and negative for swim bladder inflation and survival of larvae. The pattern of deformities, higher in F2 hybrid and backcross larvae than in pure species or F1 hybrid larvae, was indicative of epistatic recombination loss. Four crosses; SB X WB (striped bass female X white bass male), SB X F1 (striped bass female X original cross F1 male), F1 X SB (original cross F1 female X SB male), and WB X SB (white bass female X striped bass male) were evaluated further in recirculating systems. Survival to 40 days post-hatch was highest for SB X WB (12.1%), and higher for SB X F1 (3.5%) than for F1 X SB (0.5%), or WB X SB (0%). Weight and length at 40 days post-hatch were not different for SB X WB (0.23 g and 24.7 mm) and SB X F1 (0.18 g and 22.7 mm). From Day 112 to Day 336 post-hatch SB X WB generally were superior, followed by SB X F1, and then F1 X SB for survival (93.2%, 88.2%, and 72.4%, respectively), feed conversion (1.50, 1.67, and 1.70), production costs ($13.4 kg −1 , $16.7 kg −1 , and $27.3 kg −1 ) and incidence of deformities (0.8%, 7.7%, and 8.4%). Crosses did not differ for relative growth rate or carcass traits. Favorable striped bass maternal effects for larval size and ability to ingest brine shrimp coupled with superior fingerling growth of SB X WB indicate that SB X WB are generally superior to other crosses for recirculating system culture.
On The Frequency Theory of Probability

In his impressive critique of frequency theories,1 Professor Williams accomplishes one-half of a worthwhile task: he discredits the claim that frequency is the sole meaning of probability. This is indeed a service to humanity, for it is true that frequentists have been strutting about proclaiming their gospel dogmatically, and with an unwholesome indifference to other points of view. For this reason, if for no other, Williams’ attack is likely to afford the objective reader a decent measure of retaliative satisfaction; but it is to be questioned whether it satisfies completely his intellectual appetites. Having deflated the frequentist, the author might have gone on to dispel the ghosts from other haunts, to survey and examine the field of his study with the equanimity and detachement which normally settle upon the critic when his destructive deed is done. Unfortunately, however, this second synthetic part of his task remains unfinished. We are offered, as a substitute for the frequency theory, the hoary formula of Laplace. To use a simple metaphor, a modern edifice has been torn down because of a few cracks in its facade, and it has been replaced by a cave dwelling.
Small-Scale Structure of Strongly Stratified Turbulence

The small-scale structure of turbulence subjected to strong stratification is analyzed with rapid distortion theory to evaluate the performance of formulas for predicting dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of scalar variance. The approach is restricted to weak turbulence in strong stratification, like that in the thermocline or the abyssal ocean. Flows with and without mean shear are considered. For unsheared turbulence, the small scales are axisymmetric about the vertical axis, as others have previously assumed. The calculations here complement and extend previous work because they can be used to compute errors in dissipation estimates, develop simpler formulas, and examine the effects of shear and other parameters. For example, effects of the initial conditions can be significant. For sheared turbulence, the small-scale velocity and buoyancy fields are neither isotropic nor axisymmetric about the vertical axis. Although dissipation formulas based on isotropy work relatively well for unsheared turbulence, some can be incorrect by more than a factor of 3 for sheared turbulence. However, if the mean flow direction can be identified, then a simple and useful dissipation formula can be proposed.
Characterization of a pollen-specific genomic clone from maize.

We have isolated a pollen-specific genomic clone of maize. This clone, designated Zmg13, was recovered by screening a maize genomic library with a pollen-specific maize cDNA clone. The coding region, and substantial portions of the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions, have been sequenced. The gene contains no introns. The sequence of the upstream region of the clone was used to search for homology with sequences from three other genes known to be expressed in pollen, although not pollen-specific. Several common sequence elements were identified, but whether these sequence elements are involved in pollen transcription remains to be determined. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping has shown the gene locus, designated mgs1, to be near the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 10.
Thinking Machinically, or, the Techno-aesthetic of Jackie Chan: Toward a Deleuze-Guattarian Media Studies

This essay argues the conceptual opacity surrounding technology results from instrumentalism, which posits an a priori distinction between essentialized, binary terms: the human, and the technological, which is both the product and material projection of that essentially human agency. This essay explores a “machinic” alternative to instrumentalism by engaging the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari. After mapping the conceptual terrain suggested by their work as applied to technology, this essay looks to the cinematic performance aesthetic of Hong Kong action-film star Jackie Chan in order to sketch the affective/perceptual/kinetic terrain of the machinic.
Type and Prevalence of Medication Used in the Treatment of Hyperactive Children

ACCORDING to a widely quoted 1970 newspaper account1 and to subsequent magazine articles,2 3 4 approximately 5 to 10 per cent of children in elementary school receive medication for disorders of behavior. Although such publicized estimates have been grossly inaccurate, only one study has appeared to date providing scientific data on this issue. This was a questionnaire survey of Chicago physicians who were asked to estimate the dose and frequency of psychotropic medication that they prescribed for school-age children. The survey was done at the Children's Research Center of Urbana, Illinois.5 The major conclusions of the Children's Research Center survey were as . . .
Use of local-density pseudopotentials in Hartree-Fock calculations

Norm-conserving pseudopotentials obtained from a local-density approximation (LDA) are implemented in an unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) formalism. A series of tests is devised to ascertain the utility and validity of this methodology. Calculations using LDA and coreless Hartree-Fock (CHF) pseudopotentials are contrasted and compared to full-core Hartree-Fock results. We find that for light atoms (Zl21) the LDA-derived potentials yield accurate results when used in UHF calculations. The methodology reproduces experimental results as accurately as full-core calculations. LDA pseudopotentials are found to yield accurate wave functions for use in many-body-theory corrections to the correlation energy. By including correlation corrections in this manner the methodology reproduces experimental results to within 0.2 eV.
Assimilation of trace elements and carbon by the mussel Mytilus edulis: Effects of food composition

Assimilation efficiency (AE) is an important physiological parameter in determining trace element influx from food sources into aquatic animals. We used radiotracer techniques to examine the influence of diet [seven species of algae (two diatoms, two chlorophytes, a prasinophyte, and two dinoflagellates) and glass beads] on the assimilation of seven trace elements (Ag, Am, Cd, Co, Cr, Se, Zn) and C in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Trace element assimilation was related to C assimilation and cytoplasmic distribution in the algae and to gut passage time in the mussels. Mussels displayed different C AEs for the different algal diets; the chlorophytes, which had highly refractory cell walls, were the least digestible food. Assimilation of Cd, Se, and Zn was directly correlated with C assimilation; for Am, Ag, and Cr, no relationship with C assimilation was apparent. For each species except the chlorophytes, AEs of all elements significantly correlated with their cytoplasmic distribution within each algal cell. Among all species, AEs of Am, Co, and Se also increased with elemental penetration into the cytoplasm; however, this relationship was not statistically significant for Ag, Cd, or Zn. With the exception of Cr, AEs of elements increased with gut passage time, implying more efficient digestion-absorption when the element was retained longer in the digestive tract. In waters containing large mussel populations, unassimilated particle-reactive elements should be removed from suspension and enriched in biodeposits in sediments, whereas assimilated metals should be enriched in mussel tissues.
Sources of fine particles in a rural midwestern U.S. area

Ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) samples collected at a rural monitoring site in Bondville, IL on every third day using Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sampler were analyzed through the application of the positive matrix factorization (PMF). The particulate carbon fractions were obtained from the thermal optical reflectance method that divides particulate carbon into four organic carbon, pyrolyzed organic carbon (OP), and three elemental carbon fractions. A total of 257 samples collected between March 2001 and May 2003 analyzed for 35 species were used and eight sources were identified: summer-high secondary sulfate aerosol (40%), secondary nitrate aerosol (32%), gasoline vehicle (9%), OP-high secondary sulfate aerosol (7%), selenium-high secondary sulfate aerosol (4%), airborne soil (4%), aged sea salt (2%), and diesel emissions (2%). The compositional profiles for gasoline vehicle and diesel emissions are similar to those estimated in...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE SNOW: THE ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS NIVALIS (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Red blooms of snow algae consisting almost exclusively of large spherical red cells of Chlamydomonas nivalis (Bauer) Wille are widespread during the summer in the Beartooth Mountains in Montana and Wyoming. Field studies designed to examine the effects of temperature, light, and water potential on algal activity were performed with natural populations using photosynthetic /sup 14/C-HCO/sub 3//sup -/ or /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ incorporation as a measure of activity. The algae photosynthesized optimally at 5.4 x 10/sup 4/ lx, but were not inhibited by increased light intensity up to 8.6 x 10/sup 4/ lx, the maximum observed in the field. Photosynthesis was sensitive to a reduction in water potential, and since low water potentials develop in snow at temperatures below 0 C, it is unlikely that significant algal activity occurs at the sub-0 temperatures which occur throughout winter. Photosynthesis was much lower following melting of the snow, but this was probably due to decreased diffusion of CO/sub 2/. The optimal temperatures varied considerably among the different algal populations. Most samples photosynthesized optimally at 10 or 20/sup 0/C but retained substantial activity at temperatures as low as 0 or -3/sup 0/C. Exceptional samples photosynthesized optimally at 0 or -3/sup 0/C. It ismore » proposed that the varied temperature responses reflect the presence of different temperature strains. Taken together, the data suggest that development of the snow algae can occur only during the summer months.« less
Osteoarthritis and abnormal bone marrow of the mandibular condyle.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between abnormal bone marrow of the mandibular condyle and osteoarthritis. Study Design. The relationship between abnormal bone marrow and osteoarthritis of the mandibular condyle was analyzed in magnetic resonance images of the temporomandibular joints of 74 patients. Thirty-seven patients had magnetic resonance evidence of abnormal bone marrow, and 37 control patients had magnetic resonance images with normal bone marrow. Results. Fifteen of 37 patients with magnetic resonance evidence of abnormal bone marrow had no magnetic resonance evidence of osteoarthritis; the other 22 patients had both abnormal bone marrow and osteoarthritis. Conclusions. Abnormal bone marrow of the mandibular condyle can occur separately from osteoarthritis; nearly one half of the joints with magnetic resonance evidence of abnormal bone marrow did not have any evident osteoarthritis. Abnormal bone marrow may therefore initially represent a separate disease entity. Over time, secondary osteoarthritis probably develops in joints with initial bone marrow abnormalities.(Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87:243-52)
AN EASY METHOD TO SYNTHESIZE CARBON-COATED QUANTUM DOTS

This manuscript describes a general and simple method to carbon-coat quantum dots (QDs) using microwave-assisted technology. By coating QDs with carbohydrates, you extend their application for bioimaging (in vitro and in vivo) as the metal core is now shielded by a protective coating layer. XRD and TEM verified that nanoparticles were coated with a layer of carbon-based material (reduced sucrose). In addition, we demonstrated the versatility of this approach by coating other types of nanoparticles (i.e. gold). UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis presented a red shift in absorbance after carbon coating which further confirmed that the surface of these nanoparticles was modified. QDs emission wavelength was not altered but experienced an increase in intensity. The carbon-coated QDs and gold nanoparticles generated in this study measured 14 nm and 60 nm, respectively.
DEXAMETHASONE RECRUITS ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE SECRETORY CELLS IN THE RAT LEFT ATRIUM AND APEX OF THE VENTRICLE

The response of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secreting cells from both rat atria and the apex of the ventricles to dexamethasone (DEX) was analyzed by the plaque assay. In right atrial cardiocytes, 25% of the cells secreted ANP basally; DEX treatment did not alter this percentage. However, in the left atrial secretory population, a discordance between the basal (15%) and DEX stimulated (25%) percent plaque formation was found. ANP secreting cells from the ventricular apex responded similarly to DEX exposure (26%), with 8% of the cells basally releasing the hormone. These data suggest that in both the left atria and apex of the rat ventricles, exposure to DEX recruits ANP secretory cells from a non-secreting population. Consequently, the release of ANP from these tissues would increase after glucocorticoid stimulation.
Modeling of crack bridging in a unidirectional metal matrix composite

The effective fatigue crack driving force and crack opening profiles were determined analytically for fatigue tested unidirectional composite specimens exhibiting fiber bridging. The crack closure pressure due to bridging was modeled using two approaches; the fiber pressure model and the shear lag model. For both closure models, the Bueckner weight function method and the finite element method were used to calculate crack opening displacements and the crack driving force. The predicted near crack tip opening profile agreed well with the experimentally measured profiles for single edge notch SCS-6/Ti-15-3 metal matrix composite specimens. The numerically determined effective crack driving force, Delta K(sup eff), was calculated using both models to correlate the measure crack growth rate in the composite. The calculated Delta K(sup eff) from both models accounted for the crack bridging by showing a good agreement between the measured fatigue crack growth rates of the bridged composite and that of unreinforced, unbridged titanium matrix alloy specimens.
Buprenorphine reduces cerebral glucose metabolism in polydrug abusers.

Buprenorphine is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, which acts as a partial mu agonist and a kappa antagonist. The present study evaluated the acute effects of buprenorphine on cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in six human substance abusers using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design. Each subject participated in two positron emission tomographic (PET) studies, 1 week apart, following the injection of buprenorphine (1 mg, intramuscularly) and placebo. Buprenorphine significantly reduced CMRglc and the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) by up to 32% in all but three of 22 bilateral and in 4 midline regions (p < .05). No region showed an increase in rCMRglc. Buprenorphine also produced miosis, respiratory depression, and subjective ratings of euphoria and sedation in comparison to placebo (p < .05). These observations extend previous findings of reduced CMRglc following acute treatment with morphine and other nonopioid euphorigenic drugs.
Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference:

I focus on the role of case studies in developing causal explanations. I distinguish between the theoretical purposes of case studies and the case selection strategies or research designs used to advance those objectives. I construct a typology of case studies based on their purposes: idiographic (inductive and theory-guided), hypothesis-generating, hypothesis-testing, and plausibility probe case studies. I then examine different case study research designs, including comparable cases, most and least likely cases, deviant cases, and process tracing, with attention to their different purposes and logics of inference. I address the issue of selection bias and the “single logic” debate, and I emphasize the utility of multi-method research.
On natural states and plastic strain in simple materials

In der folgenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie das Modell der plastischen Dehnungen als spezielle und nutzliche Eigenschaft gewisser Materialien mit lang anhaltendem Gedachtnis (long-range memory) eingefuhrt werden kann. Es werden Einschrankungen des Materialverhaltens abgeleitet, die der Existenz von plastischen Dehnungen genugen und ungefahr folgendermasen beschrieben werden konnen: man verlangt, das das Material ein nicht nachlassendes Gedachtnis (non-fading memory) und ein bestimmtes Festkorperverhalten hat. Der Vorteil dieses Modells fur allgemeinere Theorien als die klassische elastisch-plastische Theorie wird anhand von zwei Anwendungen dargelegt: Die Formulierung einer Plastizitatsfunktionaltheorie und die Aufstellung einer Theorie der wandernden Versetzungen, beides im Rahmen der Theorie der einfachen Materialien mit Gedachtnis (simple materials with memory). In this paper, it is shown the concept of a plastic strain can be introduced as a specific and useful property of certain materials with long-range memory. Restrictions on the material behavior that suffice for the existence of a plastic strain are found; these are, roughly, that the material have a non-fading memory and have a certain solid-like behavior. The usefulness of the concept for theories more general than classical elastic-plastic theories is indicated by two suggested applications: the formulation of a functional plasticity theory, and the construction of a theory of moving dislocations, both within the theory of simple materials with memory.
Computational Modeling of Ion Beam-Neutralizer Interactions in Two and Three Dimensions

Abstract : The fact that ion beams readily neutralize given a source of electrons is well known, but the physics behind that process is not. As electric propulsion devices move into the micro and macro regions with colloids, FEEPs, and large arrays of thrusters, the interactions between the neutralizer and the thruster are under examination. Simulations using 2D and 3D Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes are presented, detailing starting and steady state interactions between an ion beam and an electron beam. It is shown that the starting conditions require detailed current coupling to propagate normally. Steady state simulations show robust behavior regardless of ion or electron currents. Further investigation of steady state reveals no mechanism for imparting ion beam bulk velocity to electrons.
A high speed data acquisition and analysis system for ultrasonic energy measurements

A high-speed microcomputer-based data acquisition and analysis system has been interface to an ultrasound sector scanner (ATL scanner model MK-500). The primary application of the system is to measure the power spectrum of the backscattered (low-level) ultrasound signal from acoustic inhomogeneous media, such as soft biological tissues. The system digitizes the ultrasound signal with a sample rate of 16 Msample/s and stores the digitized data in temporary storage (static RAMS). When the temporary storage is full, the data are transferred to an IBM-PC where the fast Fourier transform algorithm is applied to calculate the power spectrum of the ultrasound signal. Noise-reduction algorithms are applied to the signal in the time and frequency domains. A theoretical model for the backscattered process has been developed. Investigation of the model shows that the attenuation coefficient of the tissue can be used as a discriminator between normal and abnormal tissues. The average acoustic attenuation coefficient, as a function of frequency, of 25 normal liver subjects is estimated from the power spectrum of ultrasound signal. Pattern recognition algorithms are applied to differentiate between normal and abnormal liver tissues for fifteen subjects with different types of abnormalities. >
The Price of Land for Housing in Trinidad: The Role of Regulatory Constraints and Implications for Affordability

Institutional and regulatory environments have a profound impact on land markets and prices. This paper argues that affordability of land and housing ownership in less developed countries is largely affected by cumbersome land transfer processes and an uncertain building permit approval process. It examines the impact of these constraints on land markets and affordability in Trinidad. By using Dowall's land market assessment methodology, the paper examines land price changes and land conversion patterns in the East-West Corridor region of Trinidad between 1989 and 1993. While prices of fully registered and serviced land have remained stable during this period (unlike many cases of 'skyrocketing' land prices reported in the literature), an examination of institutional and regulatory constraints suggests that land prices are likely to increase in the future when demand conditions become more favourable. These constraints have certainly played a significant role in the expansion of unauthorised housing settl...
Iterative joint and interference nulling/cancellation decoding algorithms for multigroup space time trellis coded systems

In this paper, we will propose and evaluate the performance of several decoding algorithms for multigroup space time trellis coded (MGSTTC) systems. By considering a single user who transmits simultaneously through K parallel space time trellis encoders, the system can provide high spectral efficiencies; transmit diversity advantages and coding gains. The system is analogous to synchronous multiusers each is transmitting a space time trellis code. The transmitter will divide the information stream and transmits from each encoder (called a group) simultaneously resulting in an increase in the transmitted data rates. The receiver will apply some multiuser detection (MUD) algorithms to detect and decode each group. The paper will focus on joint detection and interference nulling/cancellation algorithms.
A Prototype of Feature-Based Design for Assembly

This paper describes a prototype software system that implements a form of feature-based design for assembly. It is not an automated design system but instead a decision and design aid for designers interested in concurrent design. Feature-based design captures design intent (assembly topology, product function, manufacturing, or filed use) while creating part and product geometry. Design for assembly as used here extends existing ideas about critiquing part shapes and part count to include assembly process planning, assembly sequence generation, assembly fixturing assessments, and assembly process costs. This work was primarily interested in identifying the information important to DFA tasks, and how that information could be captured using feature-based design. It was not intended to extend the state of the art in feature-based geometry creation, but rather to explore the uses of the information that can be captured. The prototype system has been programmed in LISP on Sun workstations. Its research contributions comprise integration of feature-based design with several existing and new assembly analysis and synthesis algorithms; construction of feature properties to meet the needs of those algorithms; a carefully chosen division of labor between designer and computer; and illustration of feature-based models of products as the information source for assembly analysis and process design. Some of its functions have been implemented approximately or partially but they give the flavor of the benefits to be expected from a fully functional system.
The contribution of wavelets to the analysis of economic and financial data

After summarizing the properties of wavelets that are most likely to be useful in economic and financial analysis, the literature on the application of wavelet techniques in these fields is reviewed. Special attention is given to the potential for insights into the development of economic theory or the enhancement of our understanding of economic phenomena. The paper is concluded with a section containing speculations about the relevance of wavelet analysis to economic and financial time–series given the experience to date. This discussion includes some suggestions about improving our understanding and evaluation of forecasts using a wavelet approach.
Comparison of Reclamation Techniques to Re‐establish Western White Pine on Smelter‐impacted Hillsides in Idaho

In the spring of 1991, a study was initiated to identify techniques that could be used to reclaim steep hillsides at the Bunker Hill Superfund site with low pH soils and elevated concentrations of heavy metals near an old smelter site. Treatments included fertilizer to alleviate nutrient deficiencies, lime to raise soil pH, wood chips to increase organic matter content, and mulching to improve plant establishment and reduce erosion. Plots were planted to Pinus monticola (western white pine) seedlings alone and in combination with four species of shrubs. A mixture of eight grasses was also seeded on some plots planted to trees and shrubs to provide ground cover for erosion control. Overall, white pine survival averaged 60–80% in the best treatments after five growing seasons. The height of white pine transplants ranged between 37.1 and 69.5 cm after five years of growth across all treatments and sites which are comparable to growth rates reported elsewhere for this species. White pine survival and growth was greatest on the control, phosphorus, and lime treatments and lowest on treatments that received organic matter as an amendment primarily due to the competitive influence of herbaceous plants as opposed to any particular soil amendment. Treatments that supported high amounts of grass cover had poor white pine survival and growth, while treatments with low amounts of grass cover had high white pine survival. A combination of lime and N, P, and K fertilizer is recommended as the appropriate treatment to restore white pine in this type of environment.
Lyapunov based adaptive control of a MEMS gyroscope

We present an adaptive controller to control all modes of a vibrational MEMS gyroscope. Our controller tunes the natural frequency of the drive axis, regulates the amplitude of the drive axis vibration, cancels out quadrature error due to stiffness coupling, and drives the sense axis vibration to zero in force-to-rebalance mode. We use both feedforward and feedback control. We simulate this controller for the Berkeley Z-axis gyro. The Lyapunov function used has a critical effect on the system response time, especially for the force-to-rebalance and automatic gain control loops.
Amino Acid and Elemental Contents of Lima Bean Seed

A study was conducted with 17 cultivars of lima beans whose seed coat color was white, green or speckled and whose cotyledon color was white, green and mixed. Kjeldahl nitrogen, 17 amino acids and 8 elements were determined in the seed. The lima bean was found to be a good source of most amino acids except for the essential amino acid methionine, which was the limiting amino acid. Seven elements were supplied at an RDA level of 10% or better. No significant differences in the amino acids or the 8 elements were found among cotyledon or seed coat color. However, differences were found among cultivars.
Efficient parallel solution of sparse eigenvalue and eigenvector problems

This paper gives a new algorithm for computing the characteristic polynomial of a symmetric sparse matrix. We derive an interesting algebraic version of nested dissection, which constructs a sparse factorization the matrix A-/spl lambda/ where A is the input matrix. While nested dissection is commonly used to minimize the fill-in in the solution of sparse linear systems, our innovation is to use the separator structure to bound also the work for manipulation of rational polynomials in the recursively factored matrices. We compute the characteristic polynomial sparse symmetric matrix in polylog time using O(n(n+P(s(n))))/spl les/O(n(n+s(n)/sup 2.376/)) processors, where the sparsity graph of the matrix has separator size s(n). Our method requires only that the matrix be symmetric and nonsingular (it need not be positive definite as usual for nested dissection techniques); we use perturbation methods to avoid singularities. For the frequently occurring case where the matrix has small separator size our polylog parallel algorithm requires work bounds competitive with the best known sequential algorithms (i.e. sparse Lanczos methods), for example: (1) when the sparsity graph is a planar graph, s(n)/spl les//spl radic/n, and we require only n/sup 2.188/ processors, and (2) in the case where the input matrix is b-banded, we require only O(nP(b))=O(n) processors, for constant b.
The Gulf of Mexico and the southern margin of Laurentia

[Mickus et al. (2009][1]; p. 387 in this issue of Geology ) call fresh attention to the origin of the Gulf of Mexico, and particularly to the geodynamic processes that formed its rifted margin north of the oceanic crust forming its central expanse. I cannot hide my sympathy for the perspectives of
MODULATION OF MOUSE ROD RESPONSE DECAY BY RHODOPSIN KINASE AND RECOVERIN

Light isomerizes 11-cis-retinal in a retinal rod and produces an active form of rhodopsin (Rh*) that binds to the G-protein transducin and activates the phototransduction cascade. Rh* is turned off by phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase [G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1)] and subsequent binding of arrestin. To evaluate the role of GRK1 in rod light response decay, we have generated the transgenic mouse RKS561L in which GRK1, which is normally present at only 2-3% of rhodopsin, is overexpressed by ∼12-fold. Overexpression of GRK1 increases the rate of Rh* phosphorylation and reduces the exponential decay constant of the response (τ(REC)) and the limiting time constant (τ(D)) both by ∼30%; these decreases are highly significant. Similar decreases are produced in Rv(-/-) rods, in which the GRK1-binding protein recoverin has been genetically deleted. These changes in response decay are produced by acceleration of light-activated phosphodiesterase (PDE*) decay rather than Rh* decay, because light-activated PDE* decay remains rate limiting for response decay in both RKS561L and Rv(-/-) rods. A model incorporating an effect of GRK1 on light-activated PDE* decay rate can satisfactorily account for the changes in response amplitude and waveform. Modulation of response decay in background light is nearly eliminated by deletion of recoverin. Our experiments indicate that rhodopsin kinase and recoverin, in addition to their well-known role in regulating the turning off of Rh*, can also modulate the decay of light-activated PDE*, and the effects of these proteins on light-activated PDE* decay may be responsible for the quickening of response recovery in background light.
Assessment of Negative and Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Reliable, convenient rating scales to assess negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia are necessary to evaluate further the theoretical and clinical importance of this division of symptoms and signs. The authors describe the application of the Rasch model, a probabilistic, item-independent, and sample-independent test construction procedure to the development of scales for both types of symptoms. The scales for negative and positive symptoms, which are based separately on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Current (SADS-C) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), demonstrated excellent reliability and temporal stability (i.e., yielded a rank order of patients that remained stable over time). The pattern of interscale correlations supports the view that positive symptoms, cognitive-affective negative symptoms, and social withdrawal are independent of one another.
The Areeda–Turner Test for Exclusionary Pricing: A Critical Journal

Few scholarly articles have had the impact enjoyed by Areeda and Turner’s (Harv Law Rev 88(4):697–699, 1975) article on predatory pricing, which is elaborated in the Antitrust Law (Areeda and Hovenkamp in Antitrust law. Aspen Publishers, New York, 2015) treatise. Proof of predatory pricing under the Areeda–Turner Test requires two things: a market structure plausibly indicating the possibility of “recoupment,” and prices below a relevant measure of cost, which was presumptively average variable cost (AVC). That so many courts embraced the Areeda–Turner Test might seem surprising, given that contemporary assessments from economists were quite negative: They faulted the AVC test itself, the test’s inadequate consideration of fixed costs, and the exclusive focus on short-run (nonsustainable) strategies.
Explaining production expansion decisions of Dutch dairy farmers

The abolition of dairy quotas in Europe in 2015 has been accompanied by uncertainty on expansion of the European dairy sector. Whereas the total amount of quotas was limited and the value of quotas was falling before 2015, a significant part of active Dutch dairy farmers followed an expansion strategy in the recent past. Therefore, it was expected that the overall milk production in the Netherlands will substantially increase after abolishment of the quota. The objective of this study is to analyse which factors determine milk production expansion by Dutch dairy farmers. A conceptual model is developed that shows how policies, market conditions, and farmers’ values and goals affect their expansion decisions. This conceptual model shows that not only economic, but also social and environmental variables are important factors in expansion decisions of Dutch dairy farmers. Zooming in on the dynamic decision making process itself, we combine three investment theories to explain investment decisions. This framework is the basis for a dynamic random effects probit model that is used to estimate the effects of various economic, environmental and farm structural factors on farmers’ expansion behaviour. Data is obtained from the Dutch Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) covering the period 2001 through 2010, with 1390 observations on 354 dairy farms included in the sample. The results show that production intensity matters when analysing production expansion behaviour of Dutch dairy farms. Compared to extensive farms, intensive farms have a higher probability for milk production expansion. The availability of land however is an important precondition. Production diversification, which is usually found at extensive farms, decreases the probability for milk production expansion. Although the findings do not directly show an increase in milk production during the sample period (farmers still respected their quota limits), the results indicate that Dutch dairy farms can potentially increase milk production in the future. In 2010 farms underutilized their stable space, as the occupancy of stable space was 71%. After milk quota abolishment farms can therefore increase livestock herd and milk production with limited investments.
The Peculiarities of Public and Private Production: Within School Sorting of Pupils

Economists predict inefficiencies in public relative to private production. This paper examines whether public and private institutions similarly sort students and teachers within schools. We use two nationally representative samples, covering high school and early elementary school. Public schools determine class size by ability and, to a lesser extent, by behavior. Private schools, however, primarily sort teachers, assigning teachers reporting greater control over discipline to larger classes. The endogeneity of class size due to non-random matching of students and teacher within institutions is due to uniquely different processes within public and private schools.
Parametric Studies of Microstructural Performance Effects in Solid Oxide Cells

A distributed charge transfer model has been developed to analyze solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 atmospheres. The model couples mass transport based on the dusty-gas model, ion and electron transport in terms of charged species electrochemical potentials, and electrochemical reactions defined by Butler-Volmer kinetics. The model is validated by comparison to published experimental data, particularly cell polarization curves for both fuel cell and electrolyzer operation. Parametric studies have been performed to compare the effects of microstructure on the performance of SOFCs and SOECs operating in H2-H2O and CO-CO2 gas streams. Compared to the H2-H2O system, the power density of the CO-CO2 system shows a greater sensitivity to porosity and tortuosity. Analyses of the effects of the pore diameter suggest the H2-H2O and CO-CO2 systems are affected by changes in pore diameter in a similar manner. However, the concentration losses of the CO-CO2 system are significantly higher than those of the H2-H2O system for the pore sizes analyzed. While both systems can be shown to improve in performance with higher porosity, lower tortuosity, and larger pore sizes the results of these parametric studies imply that CO-CO2 systems would benefit more from such microstructural changes. These results further suggest that objectives for tailoring microstructure in solid oxide cells operating in CO-CO2 are distinct from objectives for more common H2-focused systems.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Quantitative detection of single walled carbon nanotube in water using DNA and magnetic fluorescent spheres.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique properties that have led to an increase in their research and usage for a wide variety of fields. This growing demand of CNTs poses a major public health risk...
Design and simulation of high-precision scanning amplifier

Class D amplifier providing the curren magnetic deflection electron gun needs is adopted in order to meet the requirements of low-power,low distortion in this paper.The scanning amplifier circuit applying the structure of voltage negative feedback is designed.Thereby the precision and stability is improved greatly and The favorable conditions for enhancing the success rate of coating and film property are created.The circuit is simulated by Protel DXP to verify its feasibility.
Monitoring and Evaluation of High Building Secondary Water Supply in Xiamen City During the Period of 1991～2006

Objective To know the inspection status and regulation effect of secondary water supply in Xiamen City.Methods The quality of secondary water supply was analyzed and evaluated in Xiamen City from 1991 to 2006.Results The quality of secondary water supply in Xiamen was improved annually.The certified rate increased from 87.9% to 98.1%.The differences showed statistically significant(P0.005).Conclusions At present,the quality of secondary water supply basically meets the sanitation standard in Xiamen City.
Surveying Local Health Departments and County Emergency Management Offices on Cooling Centers as a Heat Adaptation Resource in New York State.

Local agencies in New York State (NYS) set up cooling centers to provide relief from summer-time heat especially for people with limited access to air-conditioning. We aimed to determine cooling center locations in NYS, and explore county agencies’ involvement in organizing and promoting utilization of cooling centers. We conducted a survey among county health and emergency preparedness offices in NYS (excluding NYC) and explored official county websites. We identified 377 cooling centers, mostly in metropolitan areas of NYS. Although 47 % of counties listed locations online, only 29 % reported locations via survey. Radio (90 %) and internet (84 %) were popular for information dissemination. Air-conditioning was available at all indoor cooling center facilities. Cooling centers in 13 % of the counties were accessible by either public transportation or shuttles arranged by the facility. About 38 % counties do not consider cooling centers important in their region or promote informal cooling centers. More than a third of New York counties had neither cooling centers nor plans to establish a cooling center as extreme heat was not perceived as a threat in their region.
Risk Factors for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) In Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Treated with the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, Flavopiridol.

Abstract 1386 Background: Hyperacute TLS, defined as a rise in uric acid, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and/or phosphate that occurs within 4.5 hours and peaks 24–48 hours after flavopiridol, has been described in up to 40% of pts with CLL treated with this agent. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 116 pts with relapsed or refractory CLL treated with single agent flavopiridol at the Ohio State University on phase I or II protocols was conducted to determine predictive factors for TLS. Pts received flavopiridol 30–50 mg/m2 bolus + 30–50 mg/m2 4-hour continuous IV infusion (CIVI) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 every 35 days or days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Results: In 116 pts, the median age was 60 (range, 31–84), median number of prior therapies was 4 (range, 1–14), 69% pts were male, 79% were Rai stage III-IV, 53% had bulky disease ≥ 10 cm, 52% had splenomegaly, and 69% had del(17p) and/or del(11q). Median pre-treatment laboratory values included B2-microglobulin (B2M) 4.4 (range, 0.8–14.9), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) 7134/mm3 (range, 0–266,310), white blood cell count (WBC) 13,950/mm3 (range, 1,300-314,500), and LDH 199 U/L (range, 102–654). The incidence of TLS was 46% (95% CI: 36%-55%), with 14 of 53 pts (26%) with TLS requiring dialysis. In univariable analyses using logistic regression, variables associated with the occurrence of TLS were female gender (p 150,000/mm3, 75% pts with WBC 100–150,000, and 38% pts with WBC Conclusions: Female pts and pts with B2M ≥ 4.4, WBC ≥ 100,000/mm3, or bulky adenopathy ≥ 10 cm were at highest risk and should be monitored for hyperacute TLS with flavopiridol. TLS does not appear to be predictive of response or improved PFS in pts receiving flavopiridol. Supported by NCI K23 CA109004, NCI U01 CA076576, NCI N01 CM62207, LLS SCOR 7080-06, and the D. Warren Brown Foundation. Disclosures: Off Label Use: The efficacy of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol is under investigation in CLL.
Chemical weathering trends in fine-grained ephemeral stream sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Abstract We investigated chemical weathering trends within the fine-grained ( 40 m 2 /g. Utilization of MFW (mafic-felsic-weathered) and A-CN-K (Al 2 O 3 -CaO + Na 2 O-K 2 O) plots, however, are more effective in discerning the extent and nature of chemical weathering in these stream systems. Ca and Na depletion observed within the sediments exhibiting the highest surface area in Delta Stream suggest that chemical weathering may result in pitting and/or incongruent dissolution of pyroxenes and feldspars, as well as the development of amorphous and/or nanophase weathering products. In contrast, Clark Glacier stream sediments do not have similar leaching trends in the fine-grained sediment fraction and exhibit minimal weathering overall. This may suggest that fine-grained material is being trapped on top of the Clark Glacier surface and has not yet been transported into the weathering environment of the hyporheic zone due to timing of sampling. Alternatively, complete dissolution of very fine-grained sediment could be occurring in this stream transect, and is therefore not preserved in the fine sediment fraction. Overall, the magnitude of chemical weathering observed between the two stream systems is ultimately related to the nature of the underlying drift (cold and wet-based drift deposition), dispersal patterns of eolian fines, and variable stream discharge rates. Thus, incorporation of local fine-grained sediment derived from the underlying glacial drift deposits and distributed via the varying wind regimes within the hyper-arid climate into active stream channels may facilitate incongruent mineral dissolution and development of weathering products, and ultimately influence the composition and concentration of meltwater stream solutes.
Agile Research Studios: Orchestrating Communities of Practice to Advance Research Training

Undergraduate research experiences enhance learning and professional development, but providing effective and scalable research training is often limited by practical implementation and orchestration challenges. This paper introduces Agile Research Studios (ARS)--a socio-technical system that expands research training opportunities by supporting research communities of practice without increasing faculty mentoring resources. ARS integrates and advances professional best practices and organizational designs, principles for forming effective learning communities, and design of social technologies to overcome the orchestration challenge of one faculty researcher mentoring 20 or more students. We present the results of a two-year pilot of the Design, Technology, and Research (DTR) program, which used the ARS model to improve the quality of learning, produce research outcomes, and lower the barrier to participation while increasing the number of students who receive authentic research training.
Water and Cost Reduction from the Application of EDS to Facilitate Water Free Cleaning in Concentrated Solar Power

Soiling in solar power generation will be a significant obstacle to its growth if a water free method cannot be found. Demand for water in arid regions will increase as more solar power generation is built, requiring more water to clean the optical surface, in turn increasing the price of water. This will lead to increased operating costs for solar power generation, and potentially disputes in locations where water is scarce. The electrodynamic screen (EDS) can reduce soiling and contribute to restoring the optical surface without the use of water. Periodic cleaning will still be required, but at reduced frequency, leading to a significant reduction in the consumption of water. In this model, it was found that a 250 MW concentrated solar power plant would have a 74% reduction in water given current laboratory production uncertainties. This indicates that EDS technology could decrease both the operating cost and the water use for solar generation plants.