cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What is critical

These remarks are a response to scholars, either young or old, who ask ‘should we be critical,’ and ‘what does being critical mean?’ Their questions are important, but also troubling. On the one ha...
Regulation of veterinary biological products for fish in the United States.

The USDA regulates veterinary biological products for fish in the U.S. to ensure that they are pure, safe, potent and efficacious, and not worthless, contaminated, dangerous, or harmful. To market a biological, USDA establishment and product licences (for U.S. biologicals manufacturers) or a USDA permit (for U.S. representatives of biologicals manufacturers abroad) are required. The USDA will issue the appropriate licences or permit following submission of acceptable documentation by the applicant, inspection of production facilities and confirmatory testing by the USDA.
The Unna "cap" as a scalp donor site dressing.

Deep scalp donor sites can be difficult to manage because of the higher incidence of healing complications that can make daily wound care exquisitely painful. When faced with this problem, we prospectively studied the Unna cap dressing on the scalp. Group 1 received our standard treatment-Xeroform gauze (Sherwood Medical, St Louis, Mo) and daily wound care. Group 2 received the Unna cap-Aquaphor gauze (Beiersdorf, Norwalk, Conn) and Dome Paste gauze (Bayer Corp, West Haven, Conn) with wound care every 3 days. Pain, healing time, and costs were compared. Twelve patients between the ages of 1 and 54 years were studied. A significant number of patients in Group 1 developed wound complications after initial healing, resulting in a longer length of stay and higher costs. Group 2 reported significantly less procedural pain, comparable healing (11 days ± 2 SD), and fewer dressing changes, resulting in an institutional savings of $5.51 to $16.25 per patient up to postoperative day 13. This study supports use of the Unna cap as a less painful, safe, and cost-effective alternative to our standard deep scalp donor site dressing.
The Interface of Personality Traits and Anxiety Disorders.

Target Audience: Primary care physicians and psychiatrists. Learning Objectives: Explain ways in which normal personality traits and personality disorder traits may be related to anxiety disorders. Recognize which personality traits may be markers for risk of anxiety and comorbid disorders. Identify which personality traits may confer a worse prognosis. Accreditation Statement: The Mount Sinai School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide Continuing Medical Education for physicians. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine designates this Continuing Medical Education activity for a maximum of 3.0 Category 1 credit(s) toward the AMA Physician's Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those credits that he/she actually spent in the educational activity. Credits will be calculated by the MSSM OCME and provided for the Journal upon completion of agenda. It is the policy of Mount Sinai School of Medicine to ensure fair balance, Independence, objectivity, and scientific rigor in all its sponsored activities. All faculty participating in sponsored activities are expected to disclose to the audience any real or apparent conflict-of-interest related to the content of their presentation, and any discussion of unlabeled or investigational use of any commercial product or device not yet approved in the United States. To receive credit for this activity: Read this article, and the two CME-designated accompanying articles, reflect on the information presented, and then complete the CME quiz found on page 58. To obtain credits, you should score 70% or better. Termination date: March 31, 2007. The estimated time to complete all three articles and the quiz Is 3 hours.
Pharmacodynamics and Systems Pharmacology Approaches to Repurposing Drugs in the Wake of Global Health Burden

There are emergent needs for cost-effective treatment worldwide, for which repurposing to develop a drug with existing marketing approval of disease(s) for new disease(s) is a valid option. Although strategic mining of electronic health records has produced real-world evidences to inform drug repurposing, using omics data (drug and disease), knowledge base of protein interactions, and database of transcription factors have been explored. Structured integration of all the existing data under the framework of drug repurposing will facilitate decision making. The ability to foresee the need to integrate new data types produced by emergent technologies and to enable data connectivity in the context of human biology and targeted diseases, as well as to use the existing crucial quality data of all approved drugs will catapult the number of drugs being successfully repurposed. However, translational pharmacodynamics databases for modeling information across human biology in the context of host factors are lacking and are critically needed for drug repurposing to improve global public health, especially for the efforts to combat neglected tropic diseases as well as emergent infectious diseases such as Zika or Ebola virus.
Reevaluation of Neptunium–Nitric Acid Radiation Chemistry by Multiscale Modeling

Multiscale modeling has been used to quantitatively reevaluate the radiation chemistry of neptunium in a range of aerated nitric acid solutions (0.1–6.0 mol dm–3). Exact calculation of initial radiolytic yields accounting for changes in radiation track chemistry was found to be crucial for reproducing experimental data. The γ irradiation induces changes in the Np(VI)/Np(V) oxidation-state distribution, predominantly driven by reactions involving HNO2, H2O2, NO2•, and NO3• from the radiolysis of aqueous nitric acid. Oxidation of Np(V) by NO3• (k = 8.1 × 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1) provides the initial increase in Np(VI) concentration, while also delaying net reduction of Np(VI) by consuming HNO2. Reduction of Np(VI) is dominated by thermal reactions with HNO2 (k = 0.7–73 dm3 mol–1 s–1) and H2O2 (k = 1.9 dm3 mol–1 s–1). A steady state is eventually established once the concentration of Np(V) is sufficiently high to be oxidized by NO2• (k = 2.4 × 102–3.1 × 104 dm3 mol–1 s–1). An additional thermal oxidation reaction ...
Optical properties of monovision corrections using multifocal designs for near vision.

Purpose To evaluate how multiple-zone multifocal designs maximize optical performance of modified monovision corrections. Setting Midwestern University, Chicago College of Optometry, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Optical performance under monovision conditions combining monofocal, bifocal, trifocal, and designs with spherical aberration was evaluated using computer simulations of the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function in relation to the optical quality provided by design (limiting performance at best focus), through-focus performance of design (evaluating real multifocal usability), and difference between images on each eye (limiting tolerance for monovision corrections). Results Monovision corrections with bifocal or trifocal patterns for near vision offered higher optical performance (larger area under values of the visual Strehl ratio and larger range of acceptable vision through-focus) than an aspheric design. A bifocal design with 1.5 diopters (D) of addition and centered through-focus between 2.0 D and 3.5 D had the best range above threshold (3.98 D) for a monofocal design (centered at 0 D, distance vision) combined with a bifocal design. The largest optical disparity was achieved with 2 monofocal designs (1 centered at 0 D, 1 centered at 4.0 D). Conclusions Bifocal and trifocal combinations produced higher optical quality (5%) and through-focus performance (35%) than spherical aberration designs. For any given amount of tolerable optical disparity in presbyopia, a combination of monofocal and bifocal/trifocal designs offered better optical performance than a spherical aberration design. Bifocal and trifocal designs can be implemented in laser in situ keratomileusis equipment to improve conventional monovision and will soon be available in new multifocal contact and intraocular lenses. Financial Disclosure The author has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Across the cancer continuum: A communication skills curriculum for oncology fellows.

e20556 Background: Communicating difficult news is a frequent activity in cancer care. Many providers have had limited communication skills (CS) training, leading to stress, dissatisfaction, and bu...
Reconfigurable Pipet for Customized, Cost-Effective Liquid Handling

We have developed a multichannel air displacement pipet with reconfigurable channels for nonstandard liquid handling applications. While linear multichannel pipets enable many established assays, they do not support analytical tools with customized liquid holding geometries, specifically paper-based microfluidic devices. Using our pipet, complex paper-based microfluidic devices can be fabricated without requiring multiple, time-consuming motions with a single-channel pipet or device designs limited to the configurations of traditional multichannel pipets. We created this tool by modifying a commercial 8-channel pipet using machined and 3D-printed components. We demonstrate the quantitative capabilities of our tool by comparing its performance to that of a calibrated, single-channel pipet in volume delivery experiments. Our reconfigurable pipet supports the advancement of custom analytical tools with nonstandard liquid handling requirements and provides an ergonomic alternative to commercial equipment for developers of paper-based devices.
Dr. Kahraman is Among the 100 Prominent Turkish scientists contributing to world science

Dr. Kahraman (the first on the right), who serves on the IJAHP Board iof Editors, was recognized among the 100 most prominent Turkish scientists contributing to world science, and received a plate from the Technical University of Istanbul for his studies on Industrial Engineering and Fuzzy Set theory on September 8, 2017. Cengiz Kahraman is our guest editor for a special issue on AHP Variants Based on Extensions of Ordinary Fuzzy Sets which will be published in December 2018.Â https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i2.501
Obligations under causal constraints

L'A. repond aux critiques suscitees par son essai sur les contraintes causales du dilemme moral kantien (1991)
Parental Request for Hysterectomy: Sorting Out Reasons, Risks, Rights, and Bias

Sexual maturation of a girl with intellectual disabilities can spark powerful parental feelings. A survey of parents in the 1980s and 1990s found that about half have considered having his or her c...
Indirect Imaging of Stellar Surface Structure

The VLT interferometer may one day directly image surface structure on a number of stars. On the other hand, indirect imaging techniques (Doppler tomography) have been studying the surface of wide variety of rapidly rotating stars for a number of years. In this review the basic principles of Doppler tomography are discussed and recent results for active late-type stars are presented. Contributions that the VLTI can make to the study of stellar surface structure are also discussed and it is argued that single K giant stars may be ideal candidates for direct imaging with the VLTI.
People Like Me: Providing relatable and realistic role models for underrepresented minorities in STEM to increase their motivation and likelihood of success

Despite efforts to increase participation of racial and ethnic minorities (excluding Asians) in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in the United States, this group remains underrepresented in these fields. Many efforts to increase minority participation focus on support structures to help this group “get through” the pipeline. However, less attention has been paid to increasing their intrinsic motivation to pursue careers in STEM. Our work is focused on increasing this intrinsic motivation, looking at role models as external influences. Underrepresented minorities are faced with a limited role model pool and in many cases with role models (who we call outliers) whose paths to success and extraordinary achievements are difficult to emulate for the large majority of students. In this study of a representative sample of underrepresented minority students at a predominantly white small private liberal arts university, we show that students are accepting of non-outlier role models who are relatable and embody the qualities typically associated with the existing role models that they value. The evidence suggests that a larger more diverse pool of role models, that represent more feasible paths to success, can be created for this group. We envision a “People Like Me” website based on such a pool as a tool for increasing motivation and persistence of underrepresented minorities in their pursuit of STEM professions.
Toxicity, Antioxidants, and Metabolism

We all realize that oxygen is a dangerous friend. Oxygen is something that we cannot live without, but it is also a substance that we cannot live with indefinitely. This chapter will review two aspects of this subject. First, an overview will be given of some of the points relevant to the idea that oxygen is toxic by pointing out the underlying chemical and biological mechanisms that are important in the toxic effects of oxygen in biological systems. Secondly, some experimental approaches that have been undertaken in our laboratory, using the concept of studying the increased metabolism associated with exercise in order to follow the generation of oxygen-free radicals (oxidants) and their consequences, in terms of changes in antioxidants, will be described. Antioxidants are major cellular defense mechanisms that are important for preventing molecular, cellular and tissue damage due to free radicals and, hence, their understanding is pertinent to relating “cell function and disease.”
Is international trade impacting health? Challenges for this decade.

International trade policies are affecting the distribution of HAART, the food market, and the migration of medical personnel from developing countries. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Horst Otto Stoeckel: Clinician, Administrator, Researcher

Horst Otto Stoeckel was born September 26, 1930, in Lodz, Poland, which was part of the newly founded Second Republic of Poland until it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939. After World War II, his family immigrated to Meiningen, Germany, where he obtained his primary and secondary education. He attended Humboldt University and the University Hospital Charite of Berlin for his medical degree. Profs Theodor Brugsch, Karl Lohmann, and Friedrich Dost were important individuals who helped develop his interest in quantitative clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Prior to anesthesiology, Stoeckel trained in surgery, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology in addition to clinical anesthesiology at a community hospital in East Germany. He completed 2 years of obligatory training to become an anesthesia specialist at the Teaching Hospital Hufeland and the Research Institute for Lung Diseases at Berlin-Buch. He also received training in anesthesia at the Humboldt University of Berlin. After escaping East Berlin through the Brandenburg Gate in August 1961, he obtained a position at the University of Heidelberg and obtained his West German board certification in anesthesiology in 1962. In the following 12-year period, Stoeckel was married, was promoted, passed his "habilitation" or lectureship period, started a family, and was granted the title of "Professor." His administrative career began in February 1974 when he was selected as the first Chair of Anesthesiology at the University of Bonn, a position he held for 22 years. He also served as Dean of the medical school from 1980 to 1981. As Chair, he developed three areas: patient care, teaching, and research. He developed a long-term research program in the field of "Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology in Anesthesia and the Quantitative Modeling and Control in Anesthesia," which required an interdisciplinary team of specialists in biochemistry, physics, and modern analytical methods. Over 20 years, the group's research program led to the discovery of basic algorithms providing the foundation of the automatic regulation of dosing control by the closed-loop feedback system, which is a concept important to the target-controlled infusion of intravenous and inhalation anesthetics. Following his career as a clinician, administrator, and researcher, he pursued a second career as a collector and museum founder.
Meta-analysis exploring the effect of oncogenic driver mutations on outcome of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients (pts) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or docetaxel (doc).

9029Background: Recent reports suggest that pts with mNSCLC with tumor EGFR mutations (EGFRm) receiving ICI as second line-plus (2L+) therapy may have better clinical outcomes with doc compared to ...
Comparison of calculus detection among dental hygienists using an explorer and ultrasonic insert.

INTRODUCTION Periodontal therapy disrupts the biofilm harbouring calculus that triggers inflammation. The explorer is primarily used for calculus detection, and the ultrasonic instrument is primarily used for calculus removal. The efficiency in dental hygiene care may improve if the ultrasonic instrument could be used in both calculus detection and removal. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of calculus detection between the Thinsert® ultrasonic insert and the 11/12 explorer. METHODS Upon IRB approval, this validation study involved three dental hygiene faculty from the Ohio State University Dental Hygiene Program and 30 patient participants from the Ohio State University community. Using both instruments, calculus was evaluated on Ramfjord index teeth and on four possible surfaces per tooth. Data were analysed to evaluate for interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS For interrater reliability, the average measure of intraclass coefficient (ICC) value was 0.782 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.749-0.810 (F(1439, 2878) = 4.852, P < 0.01). For intrarater reliability, mean Kappa averages were in the full agreement range (κ = 0.726, n = 2160, P < 0.01). When using the Thinsert® for calculus detection, the sensitivity was 75%, specificity was 97%, PPV was 81%, and NPV was 94%. CONCLUSION Since calculus evaluation was comparable when using the ODU 11/12 explorer and the Thinsert®, efforts can be focused on developing the tactile sensitivity when using the Thinsert® ultrasonic instrument in the assessment, treatment, and maintenance of periodontal disease and the support of oral health. The efficiency in dental hygiene care may improve by using the Thinsert® ultrasonic instrument in both the detection and removal of calculus.
The Impact of Adding an Interactive Textbook on Student Performance and Satisfaction in a Freshman Introduction to Programming Course

This “Research to Practice” work in progress presents the results of a study of the impact of an interactive textbook on student learning and satisfaction in a freshman introduction to programming course taken by both computer engineering and electrical engineering in the spring of 2017. To enhance student performance in our Java course as well as increase their satisfaction, an interactive textbook for Java Programming from zynante.com was added to the set of required materials to see if the reported learning gains [1, 2] would be repeated. Comparison is made between the spring 2017 cohort and the 2016 and 2015 cohorts who did not use the interactive textbook. Comparisons include (1) the percentage of students withdrawing from the course; (2) the distribution of final grades; (3) review of final exam performance, and (4) student evaluations of the instructor/course for the three classes. The results are unsupportive of an increase in student learning.
Are There Different Evidence Thresholds for Genomic Versus Clinical Precision Medicine? A Value of Information-Based Framework Applied to Antiplatelet Drug Therapy

Abstract Background The threshold of sufficient evidence for adoption of clinically- and genomically-guided precision medicine (PM) has been unclear. Objective To evaluate evidence thresholds for clinically guided PM versus genomically guided PM. Methods We develop an “evidence threshold criterion” (ETC), which is the time-weighted difference between expected value of perfect information and incremental net health benefit minus the cost of research, and use it as a measure of evidence threshold that is proportional to the upper bound of disutility to a risk-averse decision maker for adopting a new intervention under decision uncertainty. A larger (more negative) ETC value indicates that only decision makers with low risk aversion would adopt new intervention. We evaluated the ETC plus cost of research (ETCc), assuming the same cost of research for both interventions, over time for a pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing intervention and avoidance of a drug-drug interaction (aDDI) intervention for acute coronary syndrome patients indicated for antiplatelet therapy. We then examined how the ETC may explain incongruous decision making across different national decision-making bodies. Results The ETCc for PGx increased over time, whereas the ETCc for aDDI decreased to a negative value over time, indicating that decision makers with even low risk aversion will have doubts in adopting PGx, whereas decision makers who are highly risk-averse will continue to have doubts about adopting aDDI. National recommendation bodies appear to be consistent over time within their own decision making, but had different levels of risk aversion. Conclusion The ETC may be a useful metric for assessing policy makers' risk preferences and, in particular, understanding differences in policy recommendations for genomic versus clinical PM.
India’s Counter-Terrorism Diplomacy at the United Nations: Progress and Problems:

This paper analyses India’s counter-terrorism diplomacy at the United Nations and argues that it is based on five pillars namely, normative, coercive, legal, compliance and domestic implementation,...
Microbiologique Microfilm™ EBEc – a Rapid Method for the Simultaneous Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli

Background The Enterobacteriaceae and generic Escherichia coli are routinely enumerated in foods as part of product release criteria, or in the case of swabs, for environmental monitoring. Objective Microbiologique Microfilm™ EBEc is intended to provide a rapid and easy-to-use method for simultaneous enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli on foods and environmental surfaces. Methods: This study evaluated the performance of Microfilm™ EBEc against ISO methods (ISO 21528-2:2017 for Enterobacteriaceae and ISO 16649-2: 2001 for E. coli) in 20 food matrixes and two environmental surfaces. Inclusivity, exclusivity, lot-to-lot reproducibility, ruggedness and stability studies were also performed on Microfilm™ EBEc. Results No significant differences and high correlation coefficients (R2) were observed between the Microfilm™ EBEc and the corresponding ISO methods in spiked food matrixes and environmental samples. Inclusivity studies showed expected results for all the E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae strains tested. In terms of exclusivity testing, all the strains tested failed to grow on Microfilm™ EBEc. A lot-to-lot study showed no significant differences in mean difference (log10) counts among the three lots of the Microfilm™ EBEc. Ruggedness studies showed no significant differences in mean difference (log10) counts at varying incubation temperatures and times. Stability studies on the Microfilm™ EBEc showed that it is stable at 2-25°C for 12 months, and at 45°C for 6 weeks. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the Microfilm™ EBEc is equivalent to the corresponding ISO methods for enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli. Highlights: Microfilm™ EBEc offers a convenient and relatively fast test method for simultaneous enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli in 24 h and has an advantage over the corresponding ISO methods that require two assays on the same sample for enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli Gram-negative indicator groups.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM WITH THROMBUS IN TRANSIT ACROSS A PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

Thromboembolism-in-transit is a rare complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with a patent foramen ovale (PFO). A healthy 51-year-old male presented with shortness of breath. He was diagnosed with a pulmonary artery saddle embolus and extensive lower extremity DVT. Bedside
Deconvolution with Unknown Error Distribution Interpreted as Blind Isotonic Regression

Deconvolution is a statistical inverse problem to estimate the distribution of a random variable based on its noisy observations. Despite the extensive studies on the topic, deconvolution with unknown noise distribution remains as a notoriously hard problem. We propose a matrix-based viewpoint for collective deconvolution that subsumes the setup with repeated measurements as a special case. As the main result, we describe a simple algorithm that partially utilizes matrix structure to solve deconvolution problem and provide non-asymptotic error analysis for the algorithm. We show that the proposed algorithm achieves the minimax optimal rate for deconvolution in a restricted sense. We also remark the connection between the collective deconvolution and the so-called statistical seriation as a byproduct or our matrix viewpoint. We conjecture that the link suggests that collective deconvolution, as well as deconvolution with repeated measurements, is intrinsically much easier than usual deconvolution of a single distribution.
Off to a good start: Early Spanish-language processing efficiency supports Spanish- and English-language outcomes at 4½ years in sequential bilinguals.

Many Latino children in the U.S. speak primarily Spanish at home with few opportunities for exposure to English before entering school. For monolingual children, the strongest early predictor of later school success is oral language skill developed before kindergarten. Less is known about how early oral language skills support later learning in sequential bilingual children. A question with wide-reaching significance is whether skill in a child's first language (L1) supports later learning in a second language (L2). In this longitudinal study of sequential Spanish-English bilinguals, we assessed oral language skills in Spanish at 2 years through parent reports of vocabulary size and children's real-time language processing efficiency (Accuracy, RT) in the 'looking-while-listening' (LWL) task. At 4½ years, we assessed language outcomes in both Spanish and English using standardized tests. Reported relative exposure to each language was significantly correlated with language outcomes in Spanish and English. Within-language relations were observed between Spanish vocabulary size and processing efficiency at 2 years and later Spanish-language outcomes. Critically, across-language relations were also observed: Children with stronger Spanish-language processing efficiency at 2 years had stronger English-language skills at 4½ years, controlling for socioeconomic status and exposure to English. Children's early language processing efficiency in Spanish is associated with stronger real-time information processing skills that support maintenance of Spanish and learning in English when these children enter school. These results support the recommendation that primarily Spanish-speaking families should engage in activities that promote children's Spanish-language skills while also seeking opportunities for children to be exposed to English.
Chapter 9 – Algorithms

This chapter defines an algorithm and develops pseudocode for expressing an algorithm. As examples, pseudocode is presented for the inner product, the Frobenius matrix norm, and matrix multiplication. Block matrices are briefly discussed using 2 × 2 block matrices. Algorithm efficiency is defined in terms of flop count, and Big-O notation is intuitively developed for expressing flop count. It is made clear that a larger flop count does not guarantee a faster algorithm. Higher memory requirements, poor coding, the ability parallelize one algorithm and not another are factors that must be considered. Truncation error occurs when only a finite number of terms of an infinite series are used; for instance, one could approximate ex for small x by 1 + x + x2/2! + x3/3!. Algorithms for back and forward substitution are presented and their flop counts analyzed. The chapter concludes with the presentation of the O(n) (linear) Thomas algorithm for solving a tridiagonal system of equations.
Chapter 6 – CONTINUITY

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of continuity. The chapter discusses limits and continuity of functions. A function which is continuous at each point of its domain is said to be a continuous function. From many results presented in the chapter, it seems that a measurable function is obtained by any reasonable operations using measurable functions or sequences of measurable functions. The chapter reviews uniformity, Tietze extension theorem, and Weierstrass approximation theorem. A real-valued continuous function on an interval may be approximated uniformly by a polynomial. A polynomial is said to be a rational polynomial if all its coefficients are rational numbers. The chapter also reviews absolute continuity. A theory is presented that shows how intimately absolute continuity and Lebesgue integrability are related. It further discusses equicontinuity, and semicontinuity. Limits inferior and superior for sequences of sets and sequences of real numbers are extended to real-valued functions. All continuous functions with measurable domains are measurable functions. The chapter shows how nearly the converse comes to being true.
Three-Dimensional Discovery.

ONE of the primary problems in struc turing a mathematics laboratory is the diffi culty in finding projects that will yield answerable questions within the students' grasp. Most projects imply one or two such questions and then become inadequate for the needs of a high school situation. The following is the description of a project that can yield an abundance of questions all within the capability of an interested high school student.
Aspectos biométricos e anatomopatológicos de tartarugas-verdes (Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758) encalhadas no litoral do Espírito Santo, Brasil

As tartarugas marinhas podem ser encontradas nas faixas tropical e subtropical mas, as atividades antropicas como a pesca incidental e predatoria e a destruicao de habitats tem contribuido para a subtracao e extincao de algumas especies. Existem sete especies de tartarugas marinhas conhecidas, sendo que cinco delas ocorrem no Brasil. No litoral sul do estado do Espirito Santo, esses organismos sao frequentemente avistados mas, ainda existem poucas informacoes sistematizadas sobre os parâmetros biologicos e patologicos das especies que ocorrem frequentemente nesta regiao. Este trabalho visa elucidar os aspectos biologicos, fisiologicos e patologicos das especies costeiras de tartarugas marinhas, a fim de subsidiar acoes para o desenvolvimento sustentavel e conservacao destas especies nos ambientes marinhos do litoral sul capixaba.
Gender, sexuality, and feminist critiques in energy research: A review and call for transversal thinking

Abstract This article presents a narrative review of recent energy research that engages with critical sexuality, gender, and feminist theories. We find that these important theories are generally considered by the literature in three ways – through identifying and framing the problem, designing implementation and governance processes, and offering long-term visioning and ideals. Emerging scholarship advances valuable insights on the unequal treatment of women and other minority groups. However, our review also highlights the need for more transversal ways – i.e., reading across disciplinary silos and multiple intersecting social identities – to interrogate the impacts of systemic oppression on energy issues. We argue that such a transversal approach to energy studies should prioritize engendering an epistemic community that promotes a relational awareness of historic and contemporary structures of oppression, facilitate innovative methodological approaches to research, and speak to more radical societal visions through mobilization and activism.
Mechanical counterbalance of kinesin and dynein motors in microtubular network regulates cell mechanics, 3D architecture, and mechanosensing

Microtubules (MTs) and MT motor proteins form active 3D networks made of unstretchable cables with rod-like bending mechanics that provide cells with a dynamically changing structural scaffold. In this study, we report an antagonistic mechanical balance within the dynein-kinesin microtubular motor system. Dynein activity drives microtubular network inward compaction, while isolated activity of kinesins bundles and expands MTs into giant circular bands that deform the cell cortex into discoids. Furthermore, we show that dyneins recruit MTs to sites of cell adhesion increasing topographic contact guidance of cells, while kinesins antagonize it via retraction of MTs from sites of cell adhesion. Actin-to-microtubules translocation of septin-9 enhances kinesins-MTs interactions, outbalances activity of kinesins over dyneins and induces discoid architecture of cells. These orthogonal mechanisms of MT network reorganization highlight the existence of an intricate mechanical balance between motor activities of kinesins and dyneins that controls cell 3D architecture, mechanics, and cell-microenvironment interactions.
Updates in Management of Bone Metastatic Disease in Primary Solid Tumors with Systemic Therapies

The purpose of this review is to highlight novel and impactful discoveries in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors published within the past 5 years. Major developments in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors include evidence that decreasing frequency of dosing zoledronic acid in metastatic breast and prostate cancer maintains efficacy in preventing skeletal-related events while decreasing costs. The landmark findings on the use of Radium-223 to treat metastatic prostate cancer were reported in 2013. Recently, it has been found that not all systemic therapy combinations with Radium-223 are necessarily safe or effective unless bone-targeted therapy is also included in the regimen. More cost-effective dosing intervals of zoledronic acid and efficacy and safety nuances of combination radiopharmaceutical and chemotherapy treatment have been better delineated.
Monitoring emerging HIV drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa in the era of dolutegravir.

Dolutegravir-based regimens are now standard of care for HIV treatment for millions of people around Sub-Saharan Africa. To ensure its continued efficacy, monitoring of emerging drug resistance that inform a treatment strategy amongst those failing is crucial. Here we outline the plan by the President Emergence Plan for AIDS Relief to leverage viral load infra structure to implement effective drug resistance surveillance in the countries it supports.
Efficacy of Incentive Spirometer in Increasing Maximum Inspiratory Volume in an Out-Patient Setting.

Background Incentive spirometry (IS) is the mainstay of care in postoperative patients that has been heavily studied in the inpatient setting. Studies have shown that the utilization of IS improves lung volumes and reduces the rate of pneumonia in post-surgical patients. However, the literature is ambiguous on its benefit as many studies also demonstrate no significant benefit, especially in comparison to early ambulation. Our study sought to determine whether a consistent IS regimen can improve lung function in an outpatient setting. Methods This prospective cohort study included patients in a physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic setting during the COVID pandemic. Patients with severe respiratory disease, baseline cough, those unable to perform deep breathing, fever greater than 100.4 F due to non-pulmonary on initial evaluation, or inability to fill out the forms and complete the study were excluded. Each participant was given the IS along with hands-on instruction on how to use the device and accurately record measurements. Patients were asked to lie down and inhale and exhale through the tube ten times. They were asked to mark the highest volume during their 10 breaths. Patients were instructed to complete this exercise three times a day for 30 days. Patients were also asked to perform light exercises or walking for 20 minutes per day three times a week and postural drainage. Patients were instructed to call their primary care physician if a 20% or more decrease from their baseline was noted or if they experienced any new coughs, fever, or shortness of breath during the 30 days of exercise. Results A total of 48 patients enrolled in the study with a (median) age of 58.0 years (SD 10.2 years), 21 females and 27 males. Baseline maximal inspiration for study participants was 1885.4 mL prior to exercise, with a subsequent increase in lung capacity observed for all participants enrolled in the study. At the end of the study period, week four, the average maximal inspiratory volume was 2235.4 mL. Paired t-test showed a significant difference between baseline (1885.4) and maximum (2235.4) volumes (t=-4.59, p<0.0001). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference among Week 1-4 averages (F=1.08, p=0.36). None of the participants reported any symptoms (fever, coughing, shortness of breath) or COVID-19 infection during the 30-days period. None of the participants reported contacting primary care physicians. Conclusion When prescribed daily breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer, study participants experienced a 16% increase in maximal inspiratory volume over a span of 30 days and did not need to contact their primary care physician during the study period.
Corporate Finance and/at the Theatre

This chapter examines dramatisations of the finance sector. Lucy Prebble’s Enron (2009) crafts a hyper-theatrical experience that captures the affective rush of the corporate finance bubble, and its subject matter and formal heterogeneity recall Caryl Churchill’s Serious Money (1987), which similarly dramatises the frenzied amorality of the finance world after the Big Bang of 1986. The shows share uncanny historical consonances: both were massively profitable in the subsidised theatre and the West End but were seen to have ‘failed’ on Broadway. Their extra-theatrical lives thus supplement their dramatisation of corporate finance in a way that is at odds with their own condemnations of market-driven capitalist society, revealing the extent to which the plays, themselves, represent artistic commodities bought and sold in a commercial market, products of corporate entities whose measure of success hinges exclusively on profit-making.
Rolofylline, an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, inhibits osteoclast differentiation as an inverse agonist.

Background and Purpose Adenosine may be generated by hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides by ectonucleotidases, including ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39), ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP-1) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). Previous work from our laboratory has uncovered a critical role for adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) in osteoclastogenesis; blockade or deletion of these receptors diminishes osteoclast differentiation. Interestingly, selective A1R agonists neither affect basal osteoclastogenesis nor do they reverse A1R antagonist-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we determined whether ectonucleotidase-mediated adenosine production was required for A1R antagonist-mediated inhibition, and, when we saw no effect, determined whether A1R was constitutively activated and the antagonist was acting as an inverse agonist to diminish osteoclast differentiation. Experimental Approach Osteoclast formation derived from wild-type, CD39 knockout (KO), CD73 KO, NPP-1 KO and TNAP KO mice was examined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand–macrophage colony-stimulating factor-stimulated osteoclasts and osteoclast gene expression (Ctsk, Acp5, MMP-9 and NFATc1). Intracellular cAMP concentration was determined by elisa. Key Results Rolofylline inhibited osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 20–70 nM) in mice lacking all four of these phosphatases, although baseline osteoclast formation was significantly less in precursors from CD73 KO mice. Rolofylline (1 μM) stimulates cAMP production in bone marrow macrophages by 10.23 ± 0.89-fold. Conclusions and Implications Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the A1R is constitutively activated in osteoclast precursors, thereby diminishing basal AC activity, and that A1R antagonists act as inverse agonists to release A1R-mediated inhibition of basal AC activity and permit osteoclast differentiation. The constitutive activity of A1R promotes osteoclast formation and down-regulation of this activity blocks osteoclast formation.
Summary of the Second International Conference on Biology, Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Malignancies

R. Mayer (U.S.A.) in summarizing the data presented at the three day conference, raised several general issues. Therapeutic benefit in the past has been measured by the criterion of 'objective response'; the latter term most likely should be replaced by 'quality of life' and 'overall survival time' since they appear to be more biologically meaningful. It appears that few new cytotoxic drugs have been developed in recent years, and , as yet, none has an established role in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Of those currently under investigation, CPT-11 seems to represent the most promising, since its mode of action is something other than inhibition of thymidylate synthase. It seems that too many small, uncontrolled studies examining a give concept (e.g. neoadjuvant therapy) have been performed prior to initiating definitive, phase III trials; a greater degree of collaboration seems necessary so that new treatment principles may be objectively assessed in an efficient manner. Finally, it seems clear that economic realities are increasingly affecting choices in patient care and clinical research and this trend will undoubtedly increase in the future.
Body Dissatisfaction in Women Across the Lifespan: Results of the UNC-SELF and Gender and Body Image (GABI) Studies

To explore age differences in current and preferred silhouette and body dissatisfaction (current − preferred silhouette discrepancy) in women aged 25–89 years using figural stimuli [range: 1 (very small) to 9 (very large)]. Data were abstracted from two online convenience samples (N = 5868). t-tests with permutation-adjusted p-values examined linear associations between mean silhouette scores (current, preferred, discrepancy score) and age with/without stratification by body mass index (BMI). Modal current silhouette was 5; modal preferred silhouette was 4; mean discrepancy score was 1.8. There was no significant association between current silhouette and age, but a positive linear association between preferred silhouette and age remained after stratification by BMI. A significant inverse linear association of silhouette discrepancy score and age was found only prior to stratification by BMI. Body dissatisfaction exists in women across the adult life span and is influenced by BMI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The Speed of Alpha-Band Oscillations Predicts the Temporal Resolution of Visual Perception

Evidence suggests that scalp-recorded occipital alpha-band (8-13 Hz) oscillations reflect phasic information transfer in thalamocortical neurons projecting from lateral geniculate nucleus to visual cortex. In animals, the phase of ongoing alpha oscillations has been shown to modulate stimulus discrimination and neuronal spiking. Human research has shown that alpha phase predicts visual perception of near-threshold stimuli and subsequent neural activity and that the frequency of these oscillations predicts reaction times, as well as the maximum temporal interval necessary for perceived simultaneity. These phasic effects have led to the hypothesis that conscious perception occurs in discrete temporal windows, clocked by the frequency of alpha oscillations. Under this hypothesis, variation in the frequency of occipital alpha oscillations should predict variation in the temporal resolution of visual perception. Specifically, when two stimuli fall within the same alpha cycle, they may be perceived as a single stimulus, resulting in perception with lower temporal resolution when alpha frequency is lower. We tested this by assessing the relationship between two-flash fusion thresholds (a measure of the temporal resolution of visual perception) and the frequency of eyes-closed and task-related alpha rhythms. We found, both between and within subjects, that faster alpha frequencies predicted more accurate flash discrimination, providing novel evidence linking alpha frequency to the temporal resolution of perception.
A new pulsed electric field therapy for melanoma disrupts the tumor’s blood supply and causes complete remission without recurrence

We have discovered a new, ultrafast therapy for treating skin cancer that is extremely effective with a total electric field exposure time of only 180 microsec. The application of 300 high-voltage (40 kV/cm), ultrashort (300 nsec) electrical pulses to murine melanomas in vivo triggers both necrosis and apoptosis, resulting in complete tumor remission within an average of 47 days in the 17 animals treated. None of these melanomas recurred during a 4-month period after the initial melanoma had disappeared. These pulses generate small, long-lasting, rectifying nanopores in the plasma membrane of exposed cells, resulting in increased membrane permeability to small molecules and ions, as well as an increase in intracellular Ca(2+), DNA fragmentation, disruption of the tumor's blood supply and the initiation of apoptosis. Apoptosis was indicated by a 3-fold increase in Bad labeling and a 72% decrease in Bcl-2 labeling. In addition, microvessel density within the treated tumors fell by 93%. This new therapy utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields has the advantages of highly localized targeting of tumor cells and a total exposure time of only 180 microsec. These pulses penetrate into the interior of every tumor cell and initiate DNA fragmentation and apoptosis while at the same time reducing blood flow to the tumor. This new physical tumor therapy is drug free, highly localized, uses low energy, has no significant side effects and results in very little scarring.
Bilateral orbital emphysema from compressed air injury

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe a patient who developed bilateral subconjunctival and orbital emphysema after an automobile tire explosion. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 60-year-old man sustained bilateral ocular injury after a tire explosion. Ophthalmic examination disclosed bilateral subconjunctival air, with no visible conjunctival laceration. Computed tomography showed orbital emphysema, with no evidence of orbital fracture. Follow-up examination 2 weeks after the injury disclosed resolution of the subconjunctival air. Best-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was decreased after the explosion but improved to the baseline level of 20/40 2 weeks after the injury. CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival and orbital emphysema can occur from high-pressure air injury in the absence of an obvious entry site.