cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity and the Prototype Model

The diagnostic overlap among the personality disorders is quite large. A central issue is to find a conceptual model that can account for this overlap. Lilienfeld, et al. argued that the use of the term “comorbldtty” suggests a disease model. However, a high degree of co-morbidity is not plausible in the context of a disease model. Instead, Lilienfeld et al. argued in favor of a prototype model. In this paper, we show that proto-typic cases of the personality disorders are very infrequent. If a patient meets most or all of the diagnostic criteria for any single personality disorder, then that patient is likely to meet numerous criteria for other personality disorders. The prototype model is no more consistent with the diagnostic overlap data than is the disease model.
The ontogeny of SCH 23390-induced catalepsy in male and female rats exposed to ethanol in utero.

Abstract The maturation of sensitivity to the cataleptic actions of selective D1 dopamine receptor blockade was assessed in rats exposed prenatally to ethanol, Pregnant rats received an average of 12.68 g/kg body weight of ethanol per day through a liquid diet. Control dams were either pair-fed an isocaloric liquid diet without ethanol or given ad lib lab chow. Separate groups of male and female offspring of these dams were administered either 0.33 or 1.00 mg/kg of the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 at postnatal days 13, 17 or 21, and catalepsy was measured 0, 15 and 30 min later. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that prenatal ethanol exposure alters behaviors mediated by nigrostriatal dopamine systems. Overall, prenatal ethanol-exposed animals showed less catalepsy than control rats. Further, there is a gender effect in that dopamine antagonist-induced catalepsy matures earlier in normal male than in normal female controls. Prenatal alcohol exposure appears to delay the emergence of mature behavioral responses to dopamine blockade in male but not female rats.
Supporting Early Childhood Practitioners Through Relationship-Based, Reflective Supervision

Reflective supervision is a relationship-based practice that supports the professional development of early childhood practitioners. Reflective supervision helps practitioners cope with the intense feelings and stress that are generated when working with at-risk children and families. It allows them to focus on the purpose and goals of the program and maintain their role boundaries. This article describes the need for and purposes of reflective supervision in early childhood programs and lays out the stages of relationship formation between supervisors and practitioners. Through the use of a vignette, this article illustrates the process of reflective supervision within the context of a supervisory session.
Intestinal Trefoil Factor Gene Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Not Regulated by Glucocorticoids

Intestinal Trefoil Factor Gene Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Is Not Regulated by Glucocorticoids
The short retropharyngeal route for arterial bypass across the neck

Occasionally, in order to revascularize the carotid bifurcation one may need to cross the neck with a bypass that originates in the opposite subclavian or common carotid artery. This report describes a short, natural route behind the pharynx that permits using a shorter bypass as well as a direct reimplantation of one common carotid into its opposite without an intervening graft.
Structural considerations from dielectric measurements on the aliphatic alcohols

Precise static dielectric constants are reported for methanol, ethanol, andn-propanol at 10,25, and 40° C and at pressures up to 3 kbar. The measurements were carried out by a low-frequency bridge method using a threeterminal, all-glass cell. An uncertainty of 0.05% is claimed for the data. The results are compared to data from previous investigations, whith the agreement in the absolute magnitude poor but the agreement in the pressure coefficient reasonable in most cases. The data are analyzed in terms of the Kirkwood correlation factorg K as obtained from the Frohlich equation. In all cases, theg K factor decreases with increased pressure. The problems involved in calculating this factor from the experimental data are discussed, and it is shown that the trends ing K are very dependent upon the assumptions made in isolating the liquid dipole moment from its gas-phase value. This fact also indicates that an interpretation of theg K values in terms of stepwise association of correlation dipoles is premature at this time.
RF Accelerating Cavities for AGS Conversion

The RF accelerating cavities at the Brookhaven AGS are of the balanced, coaxial type, filled with ferrite to allow permeability tuning. The basic limitation in such a cavity is heat dissipation in the ferrite. It is the purpose of this paper to study the behavior of such a cavity as dc bias is applied to the ferrite. It will be shown that RF flux density is inversely proportional to radius only at zero bias; as the bias current increases, the flux density approaches a nearly uniform distribution, resulting in nearly uniform heating. The results are applied to the problem of increasing the operating voltage of the present AGS cavities as well as to the design of a new cavity for the AGS conversion project.
Stress in adolescence and drugs of abuse in rodent models: Role of dopamine, CRF, and HPA axis

Research on adolescence and drug abuse increased substantially in the past decade. However, drug-addiction-related behaviors following stressful experiences during adolescence are less studied. We focus on rodent models of adolescent stress cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse. Review the ontogeny of behavior, dopamine, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in adolescent rodents. We evaluate evidence that stressful experiences during adolescence engender hypersensitivity to drugs of abuse and offer potential neural mechanisms. Much evidence suggests that final maturation of behavior, dopamine systems, and HPA axis occurs during adolescence. Stress during adolescence increases amphetamine- and ethanol-stimulated locomotion, preference, and self-administration under many conditions. The influence of adolescent stress on subsequent cocaine- and nicotine-stimulated locomotion and preference is less clear. The type of adolescent stress, temporal interval between stress and testing, species, sex, and the drug tested are key methodological determinants for successful cross-sensitization procedures. The sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system is proposed to underlie stress cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse in both adolescents and adults through modulation by CRF. Reduced levels of mesocortical dopamine appear to be a unique consequence of social stress during adolescence. Adolescent stress may reduce the final maturation of cortical dopamine through D2 dopamine receptor regulation of dopamine synthesis or glucocorticoid-facilitated pruning of cortical dopamine fibers. Certain rodent models of adolescent adversity are useful for determining neural mechanisms underlying the cross-sensitization to drugs of abuse.
The calculated effects of non-exchangeable material on the gas-particle distributions of organic compounds

Abstract The behavior of a chemical species in the atmosphere depends on how it partitions between the gas and aerosol particulate phases. Available evidence indicates that this partitioning can be described by a compound- and temperature-dependent constant K = A ( TSP )/ F , where A and F are the atmospheric concentrations measured in the gas and particulate phases, respectively (ng m −3 ). TSP is concentration (in μg m −3 ) of total suspended particulate matter. K values within some classes of compounds are known to correlate with the corresponding log p o values where p o is the vapor pressure of the compound. (For a solid compound, the vapor pressure of the sub-cooled liquid should be used.) Such correlations can break down when portions of the compounds are bound inside the particles. This paper develops equations for predicting the magnitude of this effect. The specific case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is used as an example. Values for log A ( TSP )/ F are predicted to be significantly undervalued in a variety of circumstances compared with what would be expected at full equilibrium, even when the fraction of non-exchangeable material is only a few per cent. Similarly, φ values [ = F /( A + F )] can be significantly overvalued. A knowledge of the magnitude of this effect will be necessary for accurate predictive modeling of the fates of chemical species in the atmosphere.
Effect of Heat on the Proteins of Milk as Revealed by Gel and Immunoelectrophoresis

Summary Four different milk proteins (serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, casein, and immune globulin) were separated by gel electrophoresis. Further definition was accomplished with immunoelectrophoresis, a combination of gel electrophoresis and antigen-antibody precipitation. With this sensitive technique, the four electrophoretic fractions and alpha-lactalbumin formed precipitation arcs when reacted with their antisera. Beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin had weak antibody stimulating properties. Casein existed as a homogeneous substance rather than as several components which was observed when it was subjected to various separation techniques. A complex existed between beta-lactoglobulin and casein in raw skimmilk. Effect of heat on stability in increasing order was immune globulin, alpha-lactalbumin, serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein. Immunoelectrophoretic patterns of acid precipitated casein reacted against various antisera showed a complex was formed between beta-lactoglobulin and casein, and between casein and serum albumin.
The MDR algorithm and its application to the generation of explanations for novel events

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for reasoning about novel events. Termed Model Generative Reasoning (MGR), we replace deductive reasoning with an abductive procedure based on the generation of alternative, intensional domain descriptions (models) to cover problem assumptions, which are then evaluated against domain facts as alternative explanations for queried events. The algorithm is principally illustrated using a problem from process control.
Inflammation intersection: gp130 balances gut irritation and stomach cancer.

The stomach and the intestine respond differently to inflammation. Work on the cytokine receptor gp130 helps explain why cancer develops in the stomach and inflammatory bowel disease hits the intestine ( pages 1089–1097 ).
The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundances of 5-HT receptor and transporter mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of three strains of rat.

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that the LEW/N rat contains lower concentrations of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors compared with the F344/N and out-bred HSD rats. To further characterize these strains, we investigated the effect of chronic (8 wk) imipramine administration (5 mg/kg/day) on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor densities and mRNA in the cortex and hippocampus and 5-HT transporter mRNA in the dorsal raphe of LEW/N, HSD and F344/N rats, using quantitative autoradiography and in situ hybridization histochemistry. After imipramine treatment, a significant increase in the levels of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors, but not mRNA, was observed in LEW/N rats while the abundance of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor mRNA, but not 5-HT1A receptor densities, decreased in F344/N rats. Cortical and hippocampal 5-HT2 receptor densities, but not mRNA, significantly decreased after imipramine administration in all three strains. Finally, 5-HT1A receptor densities and the abundance of mRNAs encoding the 5-HT1A receptor and 5-HT transporter in the dorsal raphe remained unaltered after imipramine administration in all three strains. The effects of imipramine on the levels of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors and their transcripts, therefore, appear to be strain-dependent. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Reconstructing “total” paleo-landscapes for archaeological investigation: an example from the central Netherlands

Abstract It is common procedure today to use geographic datasets to supplement archaeological investigation; however, static and modern-day data are often used rather than more accurate paleo-data. This article underscores the importance of employing such dynamic paleo-landscapes, and describes a new approach for developing richly-furnished and detailed spatial surfaces, referred to as “total” landscapes. GIS and computer simulation programs are critical to the generation of such surfaces, along with geospatial data of sufficient quality and quantity. The approach is articulated vis-a-vis a case study from the central Netherlands.
Equations of state for hard-sphere fluids

Equations of state and contact values of hard-sphere radial distribution functions (rdf's) which are given by a linear combination of the Percus— Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions are considered. In the one-component case the mixing coefficientθ(η) is, in general, a function of the volume fractionη. In mixtures the coefficientθ(η i ,d i ), in general, depends upon the volume fractionη i , and diameterd i , of each species,i andj. For the contact valuesY ij of the rdf's, the mixing coefficientsΘ ij (η k ) also depend on speciesi andj. Density expansions for the exactθ for the one-component hard-sphere fluid are obtained and compared with several approximations made in earlier works and in our own work, as well as with simulations. For a mixture, it turns out that one cannot obtain the exact fourth virial coefficient by using a linear combination of the Percus-Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions forY ij unless one allowsΘ ij to depend on mole fractionsx i even at the zeroth order of its density expansion. We also find thatΘ ij must depend on particle speciesi andj in order to satisfy the exact limits obtained earlier by Sung and Stell. A new equation of state for the binary hard-sphere mixture which satisfies all the exact limits we have considered is suggested.
Relative Endurance of High- and Low-Strength Women

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative endurance ability of women in terms of muscle mass, static muscle strength, and critical occluding tension levels (COTL). Women physical education majors volunteered as subjects for this study (N = 56). The percentages of grip strength used for the relative endurance tests were 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% with local circulation to the forearm muscles intact and artificially occluded by a pressure cuff. Analysis of the data revealed that there was no significant difference in the endurance times of high- and low-strength women. The relationship between grip strength and relative endurance time for each tension level was insignificant (r = −.23 to −.34). These findings were discussed in light of the relatively small differences in muscle mass and similarity in COTL of high- and low-strength women.
Essential tremor: Treatment options

The treatment of essential tremor depends on the tremor severity, location, and risk benefit ratios. Mild to moderate tremor usually will respond to oral agents such as noncardiac selective beta-blockers or primidone. Other agents including ethanol, topiramate, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, levetiracetam, and zonisamide may be effective. There are very little data comparing different oral agents, but there is support for polypharmacy in some cases. Botulinum toxin injections are effective in some tremor patterns, especially wrist flexion/extension and head tremor. For severe tremor, surgical lesioning or deep brain stimulation of the thalamus is justified and often dramatically improves function.
Color perception under contralateral and binocularly fused chromatic adaptation

Abstract Observers viewed a thin (1.0–1.5°) annular mixture of 540 plus 660 nm light with the left eye. and a 4.8° circular 660 nm adapting field with the right eye. The annular test was centered upon the adapting field in the fused percept. The contralateral field, which bleached negligible photopigment, caused the test to appear more reddish; however quantitative results reject the hypothesis that a given contralateral 660 nm light simply adds redness to the test. Additional experiments with a separate 660 nm adapting light presented to each eye reveal that fused chromatic adapting fields affect a complex central mechanism. For example, a dim background presented to the same eye as the annular test can reduce the effect of an opposite-eye field, even when the dim test-eye background has no measurable influence in a purely monocular experiment.
Cardiometabolic Risks During Anabolic Hormone Supplementation in Older Men

There is little prospective information on the cardiometabolic risks of testosterone and growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy to youthful levels during aging. We conducted a double-masked, partially placebo controlled study in 112 men 65–90 years-old. Transdermal testosterone (5g-vs-10g/day) using a Leydig Cell Clamp and subcutaneous recombinant GH (rhGH) (0-vs-3-vs-5ug/kg/day) were administered for 16-weeks. Measurements included testosterone and IGF-1 levels, body composition by DEXA, and cardiometabolic risk factors (upper body fat, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, fasting triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and serum adiponectin) at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment. Some cardiometabolic factors improved (total and trunk fat, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol) and others worsened (systolic blood pressure, insulin sensitivity index [QUICKI], adiponectin). Cardiometabolic risk composite scores (CRCS) improved (−0.69±1.55, p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, QUICKI, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol contributed 33%, 16%, and 14% of the variance in CRCS, respectively. Pathway analyses indicated that changes in fat and lean mass were related to individual cardiometabolic variables and CRCS in a complex manner. Changes in BMI, reflecting composite effects of changes in fat and lean mass, were more robustly associated with cardiometabolic risks than changes in fat mass or LBM individually. In conclusion, testosterone and rhGH administration was associated with diverse changes in individual cardiometabolic risk factors, but in aggregate appeared not to worsen cardiometabolic risk in healthy older men after 4-months. The long term effects of these and similar anabolic therapies on cardiovascular events should be investigated in populations with greater funtional limitations along with important health disabilities including upper body obesity and other cardiometabolic risks.
Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms

Abstract In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes.
Microstructural Characterization of Cobalt-Tungsten Coated Graphite Fibers.

The present research concerns an electrodeposited cobalt-tungsten alloy coating on graphite fibers. Annealed and unannealed coated fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mole fraction of tungsten in the as-deposited cobalt-tungsten coating was found to be (7.10 ± 0.82) %, and the crystalline lattice was determined to be hexagonal close-packed. Note: The uncertainties reported here are expanded uncertainties (i.e., 2 standard deviation estimates). After annealing at 1100 °C for 1.5 h, the lattice was found to be a cobalt-tungsten-carbon (Co-W-C) alloy with a face centered cubic lattice. The mole fraction of tungsten in the annealed coating was shown to be (5.30 ± 0.66) %. XRD analysis revealed that the annealed coating contained regions having three slightly different lattice parameters. The lattice parameters in the three regions of the Co-W-C alloy coating corresponded to a mole fraction of carbon of 0.66 %, 0.40 %, and 0.19 % (± 0.18 %). These compositions are discussed with respect to the Co-W-C phase diagram. Various tungsten carbide species were identified in the coating and fiber, and a network of overlapping WC crystals was found at the coating-fiber interface. This network appeared to serve as a protective barrier to extend the lifetime of the fibers at elevated temperatures.
An Evaluation of Selected Methods of Collection and Analysis of Low Concentrations of Ozone

Abstract Seven analytical methods for ozone are evaluated. Equipment used for generating the ozone is discussed. Information concerning methods of collection of ozone is presented. Potassium iodide, phenolphthalein, sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, and fluorescein methods are either nonspecific for ozone or lack sensitivity. The dimethoxystilbene method, in our hands, lacked sensitivity and posed reagent difficulties. The NO2-equivalent method is an excellent research procedure and is the method of choice for field investigations where fluctuating NO, concentrations are not encountered. The rubber-cracking procedure is empirical, but, as an indicator method, its speed, specificity, and simplicity make this procedure attractive to the industrial hygienist, especially for preliminary surveys.
INFCE and US non-proliferation policy

Abstract The International Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE), which published its final reports in February 1980 produced a massive international effort of a kind never before seen. Over a period of teo years its eight working groups held 61 meetings involving 519 experts from 46 countries and five international organizations. Here Warren H. Donnelly outlines the background and structure of INFCE and discusses how its recommendations diverge from US non-proliferation policy.
Morphine-induced alterations of immune status are blocked by the dopamine D2-like receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT.

Abstract Morphine administration produces profound effects on the immune system, including reductions in natural killer cell activity, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production. Although it has been established that the activation of central nervous system (CNS) μ-opioid receptors by morphine induces immunomodulation, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying such processes. Interestingly, it has been shown that the dopamine (DA) D 2 -like receptor agonist 7-hydroxy- N , N -di- n -propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) blocks the effect of morphine on a number of behaviors that are mediated by central dopamine pathways. The present study examined whether dopamine is involved in the immunomodulatory effects of morphine. In separate experiments, 7-OH-DPAT was administered either systemically (subcutaneous, s.c.) or centrally (intracerebroventricularly, i.c.v.) prior to morphine treatment in male Lewis rats. The results demonstrate that both systemic and central administration of 7-OH-DPAT attenuate the suppressive effect of morphine on several measures of immune status. Overall, these findings provide the first evidence that CNS dopaminergic mechanisms are directly involved in morphine-induced immunomodulation.
Optimizing phase-estimation algorithms for diamond spin magnetometry

We present a detailed theoretical and numerical study discussing the application and optimization of phase-estimation algorithms (PEAs) to diamond spin magnetometry. We compare standard Ramsey magnetometry, the nonadaptive PEA (NAPEA), and quantum PEA (QPEA) incorporating error checking. Our results show that the NAPEA requires lower measurement fidelity, has better dynamic range, and greater consistency in sensitivity. We elucidate the importance of dynamic range to Ramsey magnetic imaging with diamond spins, and introduce the application of PEAs to time-dependent magnetometry.
Stable blow-up patterns

Abstract For the semilinear heat equation ut = Δu + eu in a convex domain Ω ⊂ R n, given any b ϵ Ω we show the existence of solutions which blow up in finite time exactly at b and whose final profile has the form u(T, x) ≈ −2 ln ¦x − b¦ + ln ¦ ln ¦x − b¦¦ + ln 8 , T being the blow-up time. Using a suitable set of rescaled coordinates, this asymptotic behavior is proved to be stable with respect to small perturbations of the initial conditions.
When Learning the Hard Way Makes Learning Easy: Building Better Lab Note-Taking Skills

Students transitioning to inquiry-based laboratories are often initially reluctant to participate. Having to critically examine problems, share their insights with unfamiliar peers and instructors, and choose how to proceed can be daunting for many students. Their hesitancy is exacerbated by their uncertainty of the scientific principles involved. To ease their transition, students are presented with a lab that focuses on how to maintain an effective lab notebook. When confronted with the task of completing a fun, simple experiment using only the notes taken by their peers, they are quickly able to identify the flaws and deficiencies and are more comfortable discussing them. A final iteration of the experiment lets them work from a set of notes prepared with more care and they learn firsthand what is really required to maintain an effective lab notebook.
The effect of dietary wheat middlings and enzyme supplementation II: apparent nutrient digestibility, digestive tract size, gut viscosity, and gut morphology in two strains of leghorn hens

Abstract An experiment was conducted with two strains of Leghorn hens, DeKalb Delta (D) and Hisex White (H), to investigate the effect of a commercial poultry enzyme preparation (EZ; xylanase plus protease) on the digestibility of protein, fat, Ca, and P and to determine any changes in the relative size of the digestive tract, gut morphology, and gut viscosity (GV) of birds fed wheat middlings (WM) over an 18-wk period. Three hundred birds (150 birds per strain) were randomly assigned to six diets: Diet 1, control (corn-soybean); Diets 2 and 3, 8% and 16% WM, respectively; Diet 4, 8% WM and 0.1% enzyme (EZ); and Diets 5 and 6, 16% WM and 0.1% and 0.2% EZ, respectively. There were five replicates per diet per strain. At 50 wk, protein digestibility increased significantly with supplementation of EZ, but, at 60 wk, all responses were similar. Protein digestibility was greater in DeKalb Deltas for WM with EZ compared with Hisex on the same treatment. Fat digestibility was greater for Diet 1 than the other diets at 50 wk but showed a similar response at 60 wk. The H strain showed a reduction in fat digestibility with WM diets with EZ. The control diet showed greater Ca digestibility than the other diets at 50 wk but did not differ at 60 wk. Phosphorus digestibility increased significantly for WM diets with or without EZ at 60 wk. Intestinal weight was significantly higher for WM with or without EZ at 50 wk, but was equal to the control diet at 60 wk. At 60 wk, gizzard weights (GW) were also lower in birds fed WM and WM with EZ compared with birds fed the control, but GV was not affected by dietary treatments. Histological observations on jejunum of birds fed WM without EZ showed shortening, thickening, and atrophy of the villi, all of which improved when EZ was included in the diet. Availability of some nutrients in WM diets was improved with supplementation of enzyme. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and organ size were increased, and gut morphology appeared to be improved.
In VitroValidation of Rapid MR Measurement of Wave Velocity

A one-dimensional time-of-flight MR sequence, having a total acquisition time of approximately 60 ms, has been employed to determine flow-wave propagation velocities for pulsatile flow in compliant latex tubes. The results were compared with those of two independent methods and were found to be in good agreement. An extension of the same MR method was used to test the validity of the "water-hammer" relationship as a means to assess pulse pressure. Very good agreement was found with direct manometric determinations of pulse pressure.
Coil embolization to occlude aortopulmonary collateral vessels and shunts in patients with congenital heart disease

Gianturco coils were used to embolize 77 vessels in 54 patients: 58 aortopulmonary collateral vessels, 14 Blalock-Taussig shunts, 3 arteries involved in pulmonary sequestrations and 2 venae cavae. Embolization resulted in total occlusion in 53 (69%), subtotal occlusion in 19 (25%) and partial occlusion in 3 (1 intentional). Two embolizations failed to reduce flow. Thus, 72 (95%) of 76 embolizations in which complete occlusion was the intended result resulted in total or subtotal occlusion. Analysis of the results demonstrates that completely occluded collateral vessels were longer and had a smaller diameter than did incompletely occluded vessels. Complications included six cases of inadvertent embolization to the pulmonary arteries (n = 5) or the aorta (n = 1); three were retrieved and three were left without symptoms. In addition, there was a case of severe hemolysis after intentional partial occlusion of a Blalock-Taussig shunt. The results demonstrate that coil embolization can be an effective procedure for managing a wide variety of aorto-pulmonary collateral vessels and shunts in children with congenital heart disease.
Technical considerations in the design of a 2 GHz DS-3 digital Radio for overbuilding on existing analog routes

With the advancement of digital technology, it is becoming economically and technically more advantageous to replace conventional analog radio systems with digital radio systems. One of the key questions frequently being studied is the co-existing of new digital radio systems in the same frequency band and along common routes, with analog radio systems currently in service. Technical considerations in the design of a 2 GHz DS-3 digital radio at 44.736 Mb/s or 34.368 Mb/s for overbuilding on existing analog routes are described. These technical considerations include the choice of modulation technique, filtering strategy, and the digital co-existence interference objectives with either analog message or analog video FM systems. For frequency coordination in actual systems, results presented can be used to establish the co-existence principles in order to minimize the degradation incurred through mutual interference between the analog and digital systems.
The changing world of HMO liability under ERISA.

(2001). THE CHANGING WORLD OF HMO LIABILITY UNDER ERISA. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 77-106.
Relation of hypothyroidism and incident atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham heart study)

Background Hyperthyroidism has a well-described association with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relation of hypothyroidism to AF has had limited investigation. Hypothyroidism is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical cardiovascular disease, and overt cardiovascular disease, all of which predispose to AF. We investigated 10-year incidence of AF in a community-dwelling cohort. Methods Among 6,653 Framingham heart Study participants, 5,069 participants, 52% female, with mean age of 57 ± 12 years, were eligible after excluding those with missing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TSH 19.9 μU/L, or prevalent AF. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was categorized by range (≥0.45 to Results Over 10-year follow-up, we observed 277 cases of incident AF. A 1-SD increase in TSH was not associated with increased risk of AF (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.90-1.14, P = .83). In categorical analysis, using TSH ≥0.45 to Conclusions In conclusion, we did not identify a significant association between hypothyroidism and 10-year risk of incident AF in a community-based study.
Clot Retrieval for Stroke Should Be Restricted to Clinical Trials No

Intra-arterial (IA) stroke thrombolysis using clot retrieval devices is currently being done routinely at most comprehensive stroke centers worldwide. In the United States, the MERCI retriever was used in 2300 ischemic stroke interventions in 2006 and total IA ischemic stroke interventions were estimated to be 3500 to 7200.1 Estimates of the potential annual number of IA stroke interventions in the United States alone range from 10 400 to 41 500, and comprehensive stroke centers use a clot retrieval device in approximately 65% of IA interventions. Importantly, although IA stroke intervention typically begins with mechanical clot retrieval, it frequently incorporates thrombolytic agents, antithrombotics, and platelet inhibition. As a result, there are no standard IA protocols or even standard criteria for device selection and it is routine to make interventional decisions “on the table.” This reflects the complex technical heterogeneity of acute stroke arterial recanalization and further complicates the design of any potential randomized clinical trial (RCT). There is a long history of surgical procedures being done without any RCT data whatsoever.2 At least for IA stroke thrombolysis, we have one Phase III RCT demonstrating proof of principle and clinical efficacy.3 Of course, the irony …
Optical response of arbitrary clusters of structured particles.

We outline an advancement of the multipolar approach to solve accurately the Laplace equation in heterogeneous systems with complex inclusions in arbitrary geometries. We provide all the multipolar polarization coefficients for spheres with a coating mantel and show the exact response of clusters of coated spheres at close approach. We also produce for comparison the results for simpler systems of pairs and infinite chains of identical uniform spheres at a much closer approach than previously studied.
RNA surveillance by nuclear scanning

There are many quality-control mechanisms that ensure high fidelity of gene expression. One of these is the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, which destroys aberrant mRNAs that contain premature termination codons generated as a result of biosynthetic errors or random and programmed gene mutations. Two complexes that initially bind to RNA in the nucleus have been suggested to be involved in NMD in the cytoplasm. Here we propose an alternative model that involves nuclear scanning, on the basis of recent evidence for nuclear translation.
Spectral Properties of Photonic Crystal Double-Heterostructure Resonant Cavities

Spectral properties of photonic crystal double-heterostructure resonant cavities were investigated using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Bound state formation associated with dispersion minima is observed as well as Fabry-Perot resonances associated with the waveguide cladding.
Reliability evaluation of a first order standby system with module redundancy

Abstract By defining a module to be a coherent subsystem of independently operating components each with a constant failure rate, this article derives expressions for the reliability of a standby redundant system consisting of an operating module together with a cold or warm standby module. The closed form reliability expressions are dependent upon the minimal path sets of each module as well as the component failure rates. Expressions are also derived for the mean time to system failure as well as the variance of the system time to failure distribution.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Solution Structure of the Human Hsp40 (HDJ-1) J-domain☆

The J-domain is a highly conserved domain found in all members of the DnaJ family of molecular chaperones. The three-dimensional structure of a recombinant, uniformly 15N-labeled 77-residue polypeptide containing the complete J-domain from human Hsp40 (HDJ-1) has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution. On the basis of 876 upper distance constraints derived from nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) and 173 dihedral angle constraints, a group of 20 conformers representing the solution structure of the HDJ-1 J-domain was computed with the program DIANA and energy-minimized with the program OPAL. The average of the pairwise root-mean-square deviations of the individual NMR conformers relative to the mean coordinates for the backbone atoms N, C2 and C' of residues 4 to 54 and 4 to to 66 is 0.88 and 0.99 A respectively. The molecular architecture includes four helices composed of residues 5 to 9, 15 to 28, 40 to 54 and 60 to 66. A turn composed of residues 10 to 14 links helices I and II, and a loop composed of residues 29 to 39 containing a highly conserved tripeptide HPD (residues 31 to 33) connects the antiparallel helices II and III. The tertiary fold formed by helix I-turn-helix II-loop-helix III forms a closed structural core; the less defined helix IV stands away from the core of the domain. The side-chains of the tripeptide HPD extend out from the core of the structure in the opposite direction from helix IV. The structure supports the hypothesis that the highly conserved tripeptide could play a key role in the interaction of Hsp40 with the molecular chaperone, Hsp70.
How qualitative methods contribute to understanding combination antiretroviral therapy adherence

Strict adherence to medication regimens is generally required to obtain optimal response to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Yet, we have made limited progress in developing strategies to decrease the prevalence of nonadherence. As we work to understand adherence in developed countries, the introduction of ART in resource-poor settings raises novel challenges. Qualitative research is a scientific approach that uses methods such as observation, interviews, and verbal interactions to gather rich in-depth information about how something is experienced. It seeks to understand the beliefs, values, and processes underlying behavioral patterns. Qualitative methods provide powerful tools for understanding adherence. Culture-specific influences, medication beliefs, access, stigma, reasons for nonadherence, patterns of medication taking, and intervention fidelity and measurement development are areas ripe for qualitative inquiry. A disregard for the social and cultural context of adherence or the imposition of adherence models inconsistent with local values and practices is likely to produce irrelevant or ineffective interventions. Qualitative methods remain underused in adherence research. We review appropriate qualitative methods for and provide an overview of the qualitative research on ART nonadherence. We discuss the rationales for using qualitative methods, present 2 case examples illustrating their use, and discuss possible institutional barriers to their acceptance.
Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study.

Rationale: Acetazolamide is a mild diuretic and a respiratory stimulant. It is used to treat periodic breathing at high altitude.Objectives: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of acetazolamide on central sleep apnea associated with heart failure.Methods: Twelve male patients with stable systolic heart failure whose initial polysomnograms showed more than 15 episodes per hour of apnea and hypopnea participated in the study. The patients were randomized to a double-blind cross-over protocol with acetazolamide or placebo, taken 1 h before bedtime for six nights with 2 wk of washout.Measurements: Polysomnography, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, and left ventricular ejection fraction were obtained initially along with a sleep questionnaire, history, and physical examination. Baseline measurements were repeated at the end of each arm.Main Results: There were no significant differences between parameters at baseline and placebo. In comparing placebo with acetazolamide, the hourly number of epi...
The checklist: BEST medical center employment requirements 2015

Dr. Ida Lystic, a newly minted gastroenterologist, has accepted a job at the Byron Edwards & Samuel Thompson (BEST) Medical Center. On her first day, after six months of preliminary paper work, she completes multiple checklists mandated by the center: dress code, employee health, and class checklists. Her open-toe pumps have been replaced by disposable paper booties and her polished fingernails have been covered with blue latex-free gloves. Nicotine screening (the use of which is prohibited not only while at work at the BEST Medical Center, but also while at home) was performed, and she had a mask fitting for tuberculosis. Her next two weeks were to be occupied with over 70 hours of required classes; however, after receiving a mandatory flu shot, she became sick and missed the first week of classes, and so her start date for seeing patients is delayed by two months. Although she was hired because she received the outstanding fellow award at the place where she trained (the OTHER--Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford--Medical Center), her competence needs to be documented by a junior faculty member who is assigned to do this for all incoming physicians, including the world-renowned, new center director. The human resources manager smirks as she indicates that no one meets their relative value unit (RVU) work targets at BEST, and so Dr. Lystic must prepay for all the paperwork/tests. While Dr. Ida Lystic and "the BEST Medical Center" are creations of the authors' imagination, most of the items on her checklists are real.
The Influence of Ants Upon Parasites, Predators, and Scale Insects

The ability of ants to increase the abundance of certain Coccidae on citrus is recognized in the practical control of these pests in California. The role of ants in the collection and colonization of foreign parasites of lecaniine scale insects is discussed. In ant-attended lecaniine scale infestations, certain parasite species are little influenced by ants while others are strongly suppressed. Following ant removal from infestations of Saissetia oleae (Bern.) and Coccus hesperidium , the pattern of parasite dominance showed that Metaphycus helvolus Comp. and M. luteolus Timb., although not the most abundant species present, were responsible for the subsequent rapid decrease of their respective scale hosts. In the laboratory, in the absence of parasites, heavy accumulations of honeydew may cause a slight retardation in the growth rate and a decrease in survival of some scale insects. The Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr, possesses no unique capacity for physiological stimulation of scale development and survival beyond that provided by mechanical removal of accumulated honeydew by water-washing. Ant toleration was shown to be associated with the rapidity of oviposition by some parasites. In the exceptions to this rule, certain parasites requiring a long period for egg deposition were less sensitive to nearby moving objects and therefore little influenced by the presence of ants, while other species with short oviposition periods were easily disturbed by any nearby moving objects and therefore would not tolerate the presence of ants. Disturbance by ants resulted in from 27.4% to 98.4% reduction in parasitization, depending on the parasite species. A list of ant association responses of some common predators suggests the degree to which predation may be suppressed by ants.
The Link between Musculoskeletal Pain, Lifestyle Behaviors, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Overweight and Obese Individuals

Objective: To determine the extent Musculoskeletal (MS) pain in the low back and knee (Weight-Bearing (WB) joints), shoulder and wrist (non-weight bearing joints), and exercise self-efficacy mediates associations between overweight and obesity levels based on BMI (4 levels: overweight, obese class I, II, or III), physical function, emotional role, social interference, and physical activity (PA) levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Four long-term nursing home facilities in the Northeast U.S. Participants: 99 overweight or obese (BMI > 25) nursing home employees. Interventions: Self-reported survey administered to employees who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main Outcome Measure(s): General health status, physical function, emotional role, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESE), physical activity (PA), and pain frequency experienced at each joint. Results: Reported pain frequency were 66.3%, 54.4%, 42.2%, and 24.1% for lower back, knee, shoulder, and wrist, respectively. Higher obesity levels were associated with lower physical function (r=-0.109, p=0.284). PA decreased with higher obesity levels (r=-0.248, p<0.05), particularly in moderate PA (r=-0.293, p<0.05). Obesity was associated with a lower ESE (r=-0.239, p<0.05). Wrist pain significantly mediated the effect of obesity on moderate physical function, emotional role, and ESE. ESE was a significant mediator between obesity and moderate and vigorous PA. Conclusions: Overweight and obese nursing home employees are at higher risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders due to high demand, low control jobs, and the associated biomedical compromises while working. To increase the effectiveness of weight loss interventions for this population, the mediating effects of MS pain with higher levels of obesity should be considered.
Economic decision biases and fundamental motivations: how mating and self-protection alter loss aversion.

Much research shows that people are loss averse, meaning that they weigh losses more heavily than gains. Drawing on an evolutionary perspective, we propose that although loss aversion might have been adaptive for solving challenges in the domain of self-protection, this may not be true for men in the domain of mating. Three experiments examine how loss aversion is influenced by mating and selfprotection motives. Findings reveal that mating motives selectively erased loss aversion in men. In contrast, self-protective motives led both men and women to become more loss averse. Overall, loss aversion appears to be sensitive to evolutionarily important motives, suggesting that it may be a domain-specific bias operating according to an adaptive logic of recurring threats and opportunities in different evolutionary domains.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND ILLUMINANCE ON CELL DIVISION RATES OF THREE SPECIES OF TROPICAL OCEANIC PHYTOPLANKTON1

Three species of tropical oceanic phytoplankton were isolated from two locations in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Unialgal cultures were maintained in an enriched seawater medium. The effects of temperature, and, in separate experiments, illuminance, on the exponential cell division rates of those algae were investigated. For 2 isolates of Gymnoclinium sp. (probably G. simplex), maximum growth rates were 1.25 and 1.7 divisions/24 hr, the optimum temperature range was 23-29 C, the compensation illuminance was 35 ft-c, and the saturation illuminance was 750 ft-c and above. For a small species of Chaetoceros, the maximum growth rate was 6.0 divisions/24 hr, the optimum temperature range was 23-37 C, the compensation illuminance was 10 ft-c, and the saturation illuminance was 600 ft-c. For a small Nannochloris species, the maximum growth rate was 4.5 divisions/ 24 hr, the optimum temperature range was 27-37 C, and the saturation illuminance was 800 ft-c. Nannochloris grew heterotrophically by apparently utilizing organic matter supplied by soil extract.