cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A trypsin-like protease in guinea pig skin.

Eine der vaso-aktiven Proteinfraktionen, aus Meerschweinchenhautextrakt gewonnen, hydrolisiert Kasein und N-(α)-benzoyl-l-Arginin Ethyl Ester. Substratspezifitat, optimaler pH-Wert und Inaktivierung durch eine speziellen Trypsininhibitor (TLCK) beweisen, dass diese Proteinfraktion eine trypsinahnliche Protease enthalt.
EFFECTS OF STIMULUS COMPOUNDING AND TIME-OUT ON CONDITIONAL MATCHING PERFORMANCE

In the conditional marching paradigm S is required to discriminate those stimulus conditions requiring a matching response for reinforcement from those requiring a non-matching response. Invescigations conducted within this paradigm have shown performance to be affected by a number of factors, one of che more pocent being the administration of punishment after incorrect rnacching responses. In che majority of these studies, time-out from positive reinforcement has served as the punitive response consequence (Ferster, 1960; Ferster & Appel, 1961; Zimmerman & Baydan, 1963; Miller & Zimmerman, 1967) which improves matching accuracy when periods range between 20 to 60 sec. in length. However, increasing the diuation of time-out beyond chis point does not produce a concomitant increase in matching accuracy. Indeed, time-out periods in excess of 60 sec. have been shown to be accompanied by progressively poorer performance on the conditional macching task (Zimmerman & Baydan, 1963). These findings indicace that there are definite limitations within which cimeouc alone may serve to facilitate matching accuracy and raise the question of what other variables might be manipulated in an actempt to improve performance beyond a given level. One factor which appears to influence performance on this task is the extent co which "structure" is imposed upon che test scimuli themselves. Thus, when comparison stimuli are arranged into similar compounds or "runs" on the basis of the presence or absence of the conditional cue, the discriminability between matching and non-matching stimuli may be enhanced and deteccion of che condicional principle acceleraced. Studies conducted wichin the conditional matching paradigm have generally ignored this "structural" dimension and have elected to smdy the effects of other variables, such as time-out and schedules of reinforcement, independently of any variation in method of conditional stimulus presentation. A survey of the research literanire concerned wich the motivacional and
Tuning of electrical and optical properties of organic LEDs using combinatorial device fabrication

The capabilities of combinatorial methods are presented in order to get a detailed understanding of the electrical and optical properties of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), to optimize their performance, and to provide reliable data for device modeling. We show results on multilayer OLEDs ranging from the conventional copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc)/N,N'-di-(naphtalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) and tris-(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq) tri-layer device to double-doped deep-red-emitting OLEDs.
Anatomical and physiological organization of the non-primary motor cortex

Recent neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies in macaque monkeys have provided some new insights into the organization and function of the non-primary motor cortex. The non-primary motor cortex includes at least two distinct regions: the supplementary motor cortex and the premotor cortex. These regions receive different subcortical inputs via the thalamus. The supplementary motor cortex receives a prominent input from the basal ganglia, whereas the premotor cortex receives a major input from the cerebellum. Further, the main thalamic nuclei that project to the non-primary motor cortex are separate from those that innervate the primary motor cortex. Neuronal activity observed throughout the non-primary motor cortex supports the hypothesis that these cortical fields may play a role in motor preparation and the sensory guidance of movement. Thus, the connections and activity of non-primary motor cortex indicate that it has unique and important functions in the cerebral control of movement.
Modality-repetition and attentional effects on reflex blinking in infants and adults

Abstract The ability of a brief prepulse to inhibit reflexively elicited startle is a robust phenomenon in adults of several species but is weak or absent in infants. The possibility that afferent processing of the prepulse is inadequate in infants was tested by assessing the integrity of two other types of reflex modulation that occur in modality-specific paths, that is, attenuation by repetition of same-modality stimuli and enhancement by modality-selective attention. The reflex, measured by electromyographic activity of the muscle controlling blink, was elicited by intense light flashes or noise bursts preceded by brief acoustic or visual prepulses and delivered during attention-directing acoustic or visual foregrounds that evoked cardiac deceleration. Modality-repetition effects were evidenced by smaller peak blink magnitude and longer latency of blinking to same than to different modality pairs and did not differ as a function of age (4-month-old infants or college students). Attention effects were also seen in both infants and adults and, in accord with previous findings, were evident in magnitude for infants and latency for adults. Thus, immaturity in paths mediating these effects could not explain delayed development of prepulse inhibition. Other possibilities include delayed maturation of extrinsic inhibition or of transient-processing systems.
Suppression of β-Catenin by Antisense Oligomers Augments Tumor Response to Isolated Limb Perfusion in a Rodent Model of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli–Mutant Colon Cancer

Isolated hepatic perfusion has been used in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic to the liver. We sought to determine whether perfusion with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides results in the downregulation of β-catenin and whether this improves tumor response to isolated limb perfusion (ILP) in a heterotopic model of human CRC. Adenomatous polyposis coli–mutant human CRC xenografts were implanted into athymic rats. Animals were randomized to the following groups: (1) no treatment, (2) control ILP, (3) melphalan ILP, (4) ILP with antisense specific for β-catenin, (5) ILP with nonspecific antisense, and (6) melphalan plus β-catenin–specific antisense ILP. Tumor response and Western blot analysis of protein expression were evaluated. The maximal decrease (mean ± SE) in tumor volume was 0% ± 10% for no treatment, 19% ± 14% for control ILP, 58% ± 3% for melphalan ILP, 58% ± 9% for β-catenin–specific ILP, 13% ± 19% for nonspecific antisense ILP, and 73% ± 6% for melphalan plus β-catenin–specific ILP (P < .05 for melphalan ILP, β-catenin–specific ILP, and melphalan plus antisense ILP). Tumor regrowth was delayed for 6 days after control ILP, 24 days after melphalan ILP, 20 days after β-catenin–specific ILP, 10 days after nonspecific antisense ILP, and 60 days after melphalan plus β-catenin–specific ILP (P < .05 for melphalan plus β-catenin–specific ILP compared with all others). Western blotting revealed prolonged suppression of β-catenin expression after β-catenin–specific ILP. Short-term β-catenin antisense treatment improves tumor response rates after ILP in a rodent model of human CRC.
The effect of adjusting model inputs to achieve mass balance on time-dynamic simulations in a food-web model of Lake Huron

Abstract Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a widely used modeling tool in fishery research and management. Ecopath requires a mass-balanced snapshot of a food web at a particular point in time, which Ecosim then uses to simulate changes in biomass over time. Initial inputs to Ecopath, including estimates for biomasses, production to biomass ratios, consumption to biomass ratios, and diets, rarely produce mass balance, and thus ad hoc changes to inputs are required to balance the model. There has been little previous research of whether ad hoc changes to achieve mass balance affect Ecosim simulations. We constructed an EwE model for the offshore community of Lake Huron, and balanced the model using four contrasting but realistic methods. The four balancing methods were based on two contrasting approaches; in the first approach, production of unbalanced groups was increased by increasing either biomass or the production to biomass ratio, while in the second approach, consumption of predators on unbalanced groups was decreased by decreasing either biomass or the consumption to biomass ratio. We compared six simulation scenarios based on three alternative assumptions about the extent to which mortality rates of prey can change in response to changes in predator biomass (i.e., vulnerabilities) under perturbations to either fishing mortality or environmental production. Changes in simulated biomass values over time were used in a principal components analysis to assess the comparative effect of balancing method, vulnerabilities, and perturbation types. Vulnerabilities explained the most variation in biomass, followed by the type of perturbation. Choice of balancing method explained little of the overall variation in biomass. Under scenarios where changes in predator biomass caused large changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., high vulnerabilities), variation in biomass was greater than when changes in predator biomass caused only small changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., low vulnerabilities), and was amplified when environmental production was increased. When standardized to mean changes in biomass within each scenario, scenarios when vulnerabilities were low and when fishing mortality was increased explained the most variation in biomass. Our findings suggested that approaches to balancing Ecopath models have relatively little effect on changes in biomass over time, especially when compared to assumptions about how mortality rates of prey change in response to changes in predator biomass. We concluded that when constructing food-web models using EwE, determining the effect of changes in predator biomass on mortality rates of prey should be prioritized over determining the best way to balance the model.
Compartments in rat dorsal and ventral striatum revealed following injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the ventral mesencephalon

The catecholamine selective neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, was injected into the ventral mesencephalon of rats and the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the striatum was compared to that of substance P and calbindin immunoreactivities, recognized histochemical markers of striatal compartments. Two components of the TH-IR mesostriatal innervation were identified. A more vulnerable component, present in the core of the nucleus accumbens and matrix of the caudate-putamen, excepting its ventrolateral part, was eliminated rapidly, unmasking a less vulnerable component which was present primarily in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and patch(striosome) compartment of the caudate-putamen. The TH-IR innervation in the ventrolateral caudate-putamen also was patchy following these lesions but the patches corresponded consistently to neither patch nor matrix compartments.
Secure construction of k-unlinkable patient records from distributed providers

Objectives: Healthcare organizations must adopt measures to uphold their patients' right to anonymity when sharing sensitive records, such as DNA sequences, to publicly accessible databanks. This is often achieved by suppressing patient identifiable information; however, such a practice is insufficient because the same organizations may disclose identified patient information, devoid of the sensitive information, for other purposes and patients' organization-visit patterns, or trails, can re-identify records to the identities from which they were derived. There exist various algorithms that healthcare organizations can apply to ascertain when a patient's record is susceptible to trail re-identification, but they require organizations to exchange information regarding the identities of their patients prior to data protection certification. In this paper, we introduce an algorithmic approach to formally thwart trail re-identification in a secure setting. Methods and materials: We present a framework that allows data holders to securely collaborate through a third party. In doing so, healthcare organizations keep all sensitive information in an encrypted state until the third party certifies that the data to be disclosed satisfies a formal data protection model. The model adopted for this work is an extended form of k-unlinkability, a protection model that, until this work, was applied in a non-secure setting only. Given the framework and protection model, we develop an algorithm to generate data that satisfies the protection model. In doing so, we enable healthcare organizations to prevent trail re-identification without revealing identified information. Results: Theoretically, we prove that the proposed data protection model does not leak information, even in the context of an organization's prior knowledge. Empirically, we use real world hospital discharge records to demonstrate that, while the secure protocol induces additional suppression of patient information in comparison to an existing non-secure approach, the quantity of data disclosed by the secure protocol remains substantial. For instance, in a population of over 7700 sickle cell anemia patients, the non-secure protocol discloses 99.48% of DNA records whereas the secure protocol permits the disclosure of 99.41%. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate healthcare organizations can collaborate to disclose significant quantities of personal biomedical data without violating their anonymity in the process.
γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase-negative phenotypic property of preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions induced by ciprofibrate does not change following 2-acetylaminofluorene administration

Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions induced by peroxisome proliferators in the livers of rats and mice do not express gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Previous studies have shown that the absence of GGT is not due to the toxic effect of peroxisome proliferators or due to the presence of inactive enzyme. The present experiment was designed to examine whether the GGT-negative property of these lesions is stable and irreversible or whether these lesions can be modulated to express GGT by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Hepatic lesions were induced in F-344 rats by feeding ciprofibrate (0.025%) in diet for 60 or 84 weeks. These rats were then administered AAF in diet (0.02%) for 5 weeks and the altered areas (AAs), neoplastic nodules (NNs) and hepatocellular carcinomas were analyzed for the expression of GGT. Ninety per cent of carcinomas, 90-100% of NNs and greater than 60% AAs were negative for GGT following AAF treatment. These results are very similar to the phenotypic features observed in the livers of rats treated with ciprofibrate alone. The results of this study suggest that the GGT-negative property of ciprofibrate-induced lesions is stable and not modulatable by AAF.
Solution NMR Study of the Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cluster Ligation Mutants of the Four-Iron Ferredoxin from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

1H NMR is used to characterize the solution electronic structure and magnetic properties of the cubane iron−sulfur clusters for wild-type (WT) and the D14C and D14S cluster ligand mutants of the fe...
Does subclinical hypothyroidism explain the increased susceptibility of women to torsades de pointes

Among 20 consecutive patients (65% women) with drug-associated torsades de pointes, chemical evidence for hypothyroidism was found in only 10% of both women and men. Subclinical hypothyroidism is therefore unlikely to account for the consistently observed sex difference in the propensity to torsades de pointes.
{gamma}-Secretase--Intramembrane Protease with a Complex

-Secretase catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid protein precursor, a process closely linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease. This protease also cleaves the transmembrane dom...
Instrumentation in medical systems

The demand for clinical use of accelerated heavy charged particle (proton and light-ion) beams for cancer treatment is now burgeoning worldwide. Clinical trials are underway at more than a dozen accelerators. Several hospital-based accelerator facilities dedicated to radiation treatment of human cancer have been constructed, and their number is growing. Many instruments in medical systems have been developed for modifying extracted particle beams for clinical application, monitoring the delivery of the treatment beams, and controlling the treatment processes to ensure patient safety. These in turn demand new developments of instruments in controlling beam extraction, beam tuning, and beam transportation at the medical systems.
A mean-field control-oriented approach to particle filtering

A new formulation of the particle filter for nonlinear filtering is presented, based on concepts from optimal control, and from the mean-field game theory framework of Huang et. al. [8]. The optimal control is chosen so that the posterior distribution of a particle matches as closely as possible the posterior distribution of the true state, given the observations. In the infinite-N limit, the empirical distribution of ensemble particles converges to the posterior distribution of an individual particle. The cost function in this control problem is the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence between the actual posterior, and the posterior of any particle. The optimal control input is characterized by a certain Euler-Lagrange (E-L) equation. A numerical algorithm is introduced and implemented in two general examples: A linear SDE with partial linear observations, and a nonlinear oscillator perturbed by white noise, with partial nonlinear observations.
Multi-Species Interactions Among a Commensal (Chaetogaster limnaei limnaei ), a Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni ), and an Aquatic Snail Host (Biomphalaria glabrata)

This study assessed the effects of a commensal, Chaetogaster limnaei limnaei, and a parasitic trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, on infection patterns and life-history responses in the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Prevalence of infection was significantly higher in snails that were devoid of C. limnaei limnaei relative to those that were colonized by the commensal, indicating that the oligochaete may protect the host from trematode infection. This finding appeared to be the direct result of the commensal as opposed to indirect stimulation of the immune system, as hemocyte numbers did not differ between C. limnaei limnaei–colonized and noncolonized snails. Snail growth and reproduction were affected by the presence of C. limnaei limnaei and exposure to S. mansoni. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of both C. limnaei limnaei presence and trematode exposure on B. glabrata growth over the 5-wk study with C. limnaei limnaei–colonized and parasite-infected snails demonstrating the greatest growth...
Power-adaptive operational amplifier with positive-feedback self biasing

This paper introduces a positive-feedback self-biasing technique for operational amplifiers (op-amps) which enables their power consumption to adapt to their environment: The power consumption of one of our op-amps scales almost linearly with load capacitance, input signal frequency, and output signal swing. Our op-amp is primarily intended for low power switched-capacitor applications. A voltage follower built in the MOSIS/AMI 0.5/spl mu/m process with our op-amp has a measured power consumption that varies between 1.38/spl mu/W and 90/spl mu/W, as the load capacitance varies from 1pF to 100pF.
Optimal Placement of Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors for Detecting Damage in Plate Structures

We propose a novel approach for optimal actuator and sensor placement for active sensing-based structural health monitoring. Of particular interest is the optimization of actuator—sensor arrays making use of ultrasonic wave propagation for detecting damage in thin plate-like structures. Using a detection theory framework, we establish the optimum configuration as the one that minimizes Bayes risk. The detector incorporates a statistical model of the active sensing process that accounts for both reflection and attenuation features, implements pulse-echo and pitch-catch actuation schemes, and takes into account line-of-site. The optimization space was searched using a genetic algorithm with a time-varying mutation rate. For verification, we densely instrumented a concave-shaped plate and applied artificial, reversible damage to a large number of randomly generated locations, acquiring active sensing data for each location. We then used the algorithm to predict optimal subsets of the dense array. The predict...
Nuclear magnetic resonance in solid polypyrrolidone

Nuclear magnetic resonance in solid poly-2-pyrrolidone has been studied over the temperature range 77–450°K. Experimental evidence concerning the differently ordered regions that contribute to the composite NMR curves has been obtained. Experimental techniques and results are described in detail. A detailed comparative interpretation of two-component NMR curves as a function of temperature is offered in terms of motion in differently ordered regions. The width of the component corresponding to the crystalline regions was found to be independent of temperature over a certain range above that of liquid nitrogen; this is taken to indicate a rigid structure. At higher temperatures there is a gradual decrease in line width indicating increasing segmental molecular motion. The NMR line width representing amorphous regions was found not to change over approximately the same range of low temperatures; it then decreases faster with increasing temperature than that of the crystalline regions; it finally decreased sharply and became the narrow component above the glass transition temperature. The glass transition temperature in polypyrrolidone appears to decrease with increasing water content. Comparison of the temperature of glass transition of dry polypyrrolidone with those of other polyamides supports the observation that the temperature of this transition is lower, the smaller is the ratio of NH groups to methylene groups in a polyamide. Empirical second moment values at liquid nitrogen temperature and at room temperature, as well as an estimate of theoretical second moment for an assumed sheet model, are reported.
Effective Reduction of Brown Fat FDG Uptake by Controlling Environmental Temperature Prior to PET Scan: an Expanded Case Series

Introduction Brown fat uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) on a positron emission tomography (PET) scan may limit the ability to assess for cancer. Previously, Garcia et al. demonstrated in ten patients a significant decrease in brown fat uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) after controlling the patient's environmental temperature.
Multiple Representations of Extended Objects

The two methods of quantizing scalar field theories in the soliton sector currently in use in the literature, one developed by Christ and Lee, the other by Matsumoto and Umezawa, are examined simultaneously. It is shown that both may be derived by the same general technique, but correspond to different adiabatic-switching prescriptions. The Christ-Lee switching leads to an interaction picture which includes bound-state modes and the collective coordinate, while the Matsumoto-Umezawa interaction picture uses the standard massive free field. The asymptotic ground states in both cases are realized as coherent states, in the Christ-Lee method constructed from the exact classical solution, in the Matsumoto-Umezawa method built around a function which satisfies a simple inhomogeneous equation. It is shown that both representations yield identical results when used to calculate unrenormalized Green's functions. The Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann reduction formulas are developed for both approaches and used to show the two methods predict different results for particle-soliton scattering. Advantages and drawbacks of both approaches are discussed, as well as extensions to multisoliton problems.
Bargaining foundations of the median voter theorem

Abstract We give a game-theoretic foundation for the median voter theorem in a one-dimensional bargaining model based on Baron and Ferejohn's [D. Baron, J. Ferejohn, Bargaining in legislatures, Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 83 (1989) 1181–1206] model of distributive politics. We prove that as the agents become arbitrarily patient, the set of proposals that can be passed in any pure strategy, subgame perfect equilibrium collapses to the median voter's ideal point. While we leave the possibility of some delay, we prove that the agents' equilibrium continuation payoffs converge to the utility from the median, so that delay, if it occurs, is inconsequential. We do not impose stationarity or any other refinements. Our result counters intuition based on the folk theorem for repeated games, and it contrasts with the known result for the distributive bargaining model that as agents become patient, any division of the dollar can be supported as a subgame perfect equilibrium outcome.
Separation and relaxation for cones of quadratic forms

Let $${P \subseteq \mathfrak{R}_{n}}$$ be a pointed, polyhedral cone. In this paper, we study the cone $${\mathcal{C} = {\rm cone}\{xx^T : x \in P\}}$$ of quadratic forms. Understanding the structure of $${\mathcal{C}}$$ is important for globally solving NP-hard quadratic programs over P. We establish key characteristics of $${\mathcal{C}}$$ and construct a separation algorithm for $${\mathcal{C}}$$ provided one can optimize with respect to a related cone over the boundary of P. This algorithm leads to a nonlinear representation of $${\mathcal{C}}$$ and a class of tractable relaxations for $${\mathcal{C}}$$ , each of which improves a standard polyhedral-semidefinite relaxation of $${\mathcal{C}}$$ . The relaxation technique can further be applied recursively to obtain a hierarchy of relaxations, and for constant recursive depth, the hierarchy is tractable. We apply this theory to two important cases: P is the nonnegative orthant, in which case $${\mathcal{C}}$$ is the cone of completely positive matrices; and P is the homogenized cone of the “box” [0, 1] n . Through various results and examples, we demonstrate the strength of the theory for these cases. For example, we achieve for the first time a separation algorithm for 5 × 5 completely positive matrices.
SketchIT: A Sketch-Based Modeling Environment for Structural Analysis

Computational techniques for structural analysis have been systematically studied and developed over the years, while modeling interfaces for these environments have remained largely unchanged. Typically, a so-called WIMP (Windows, Icon, Menu, Pointer) or a script-based interface is used. Even though easy to implement, these interfaces are frequently counterintuitive for the task at hand, abstracting natural hands-on modeling tasks into point, click and drag events. As a result, even experienced engineers have to spend large amounts of time to translate their models into the form that a computer can recognize. With the emergence of new input devices such as digital pens and multi-touch enabled displays, a new generation of sketch-based input technique has become possible. This paper presents a modeling and simulation environment for structural analysis using sketch-based input. Two case studies (including the static analysis of a 2D elastic frame and transient analysis of a 2D nonlinear frame) are presented, showing that model creation, simulation and analysis can seamlessly co-exist, supporting the creation of an integrative analysis methodology.
Chromosomes and Serum Proteins of Prairie Dogs and a Model of Cynomys Evolution

The karyotypes of Cynomys leucurus ( 2N = 50) and C. gunnisoni ( 2N = 40) are described and compared with the previously published karyotype of C. ludovicianus ( 2N = 50). Sera from the three taxa are also compared electrophoretically and five transferrin fractions diagnostic at the species level are identified. A model of the evolution of Cynomys from an ancestral Spermophilus population is proposed that integrates available cytological, serological, morphological, paleontological, and zoogeographical data.
Role of Intracellular Calcium in Renal Nerve-Mediated Renin Release

We evaluated the role of intracellular calcium in renal nerve-mediated renin release in four groups of anesthetized dogs. Each dog received renal nerve stimulation (RNS)(0.5 Hz) twice as follow: control, RNS, recovery; control, RNS, recovery. Group 1 served as time control. Group 2 received Ca ionophore A23187 (Io) and Groups 3 and 4 received verapamil at 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg X min respectively during the second RNS. In Group 1, renin secretion rate (RSR) increased from 95 +/- 22 to 223 +/- 73 (P less than 0.05) and from 13 +/- 5 to 108 +/- 20 ngANG I/hr X min (P less than 0.005) during the first and second RNS, respectively. In Group 2, RSR increased from 210 +/- 85 to 402 +/- 118 (P less than 0.02) and from 88 +/- 11 to 157 +/- 39 ngANG I/hr X min (NS) during the first and second RNS, respectively. In both groups, systemic and renal hemodynamics and UNaV did not change. In Group 3, verapamil alone did not increase RSR. During RNS, RSR also did not increase. In Group 4, verapamil alone increased RSR from 42 +/- 12 to 273 +/- 71 ngANG I/hr X min (P less than 0.03) despite a similar reduction in systemic blood pressure as in Group 3. RNS did not increase RSR further during verapamil infusion. The present study suggests that increased intracellular Ca by Io inhibits renal nerve-mediated renin release. A low dose of verapamil has no effect on renin release and does not augment renal nerve-mediated renin release. A high dose of verapamil increases renin release but does not enhance RNS-mediated renin release. We conclude that intracellular calcium plays an important role in renin release and may be the final messenger in renal nerve-mediated renin release.
ANALYTIC SOLUTION OF MATHMATIC MODEL IN DUAL FLOW IN POROUS RESERVOIR

According to percolation theory of reservoir with flow in porous media, there is exchange between fracture and matrix. The flow in porous media between layers is not considered before. This paper considers differential equation between two layers reservoir. In this paper, analytic solution of the model gained through orthogonal transformation. This solution is very important for well testing analysis.
Localization of EP(1) and FP receptors in human ocular tissues by in situ hybridization

Purpose To examine the expression and localization of EP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs in normal human ocular tissues by in situ hybridization. Methods Digoxigenin-labeled human EP(1) and FP receptor antisense and sense riboprobes were used for in situ hybridization on paraffin sections of normal human eye tissue. Results In situ hybridization revealed the presence of high levels of both EP(1) and FP receptor mRNA transcripts in the blood vessels of iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Both the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels demonstrated intense hybridization signals corresponding to EP(1) receptor mRNA transcript. EP(1) receptor hybridization signals were present in all the muscle fibers of the ciliary body. In the retina, hybridization signals for EP(1) receptors were observed in photoreceptors and both nuclear layers and in ganglion cells. The hybridization signals corresponding to FP receptor transcript were similar to those of EP(1) receptors in the iris tissues. In the ciliary muscle, FP receptor mRNA transcript was predominantly present in the circular muscle and in the collagenous connective tissues; no hybridization signal for this receptor was observed in the retina. Conclusions The wide distribution of EP(1) and FP receptor mRNAs in human ocular tissues appears to be localized in the functional sites of the respective receptor agonists. Selective localization of FP receptor mRNA in the circular muscles and collagenous connective tissues of the ciliary body suggests their involvement in the increased uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor by PGF(2alpha).
Special Nursing Considerations in Caring for the Bariatric Patient

There are several important elements to the nursing care of bariatric patients who present for endoscopic evaluation. Patient safety, comfort, and education are basic nursing responsibilities that have unique features in this patient population. Technical procedural elements and room setup may also be very different in this group of patients, and nurses must be aware of these intricacies. This chapter focuses on important nursing responsibilities in the care of bariatric patients.
The Linearized Monge–Ampère Equation

Building on the results from Chapters 1, 3 and Section 6.5, the purpose in this chapter is to develop an affine version of the regularity theory of solutions to elliptic partial differential equations.
Intent-Driven Behavioral Modeling during Cross-Border Epidemics

Modeling real-world social situations has proven to be one of the most daunting challenges in computational social science. With the exception of simplistic, single-domain scenarios, most computational models are quickly overwhelmed with the complexity and diversity of real-world scenarios. In this paper, we apply intent-driven modeling to a complex, real-world scenario. By mapping actors' intentions to their beliefs and goals, we are able to explain their actions and propose predictions of future actions. Specifically, we look at ways to help understand and explain complex group behaviors during epidemics in relation to national borders. Using an intent-driven socio-cultural behavioral model implemented with the help of Bayesian Knowledge Bases (BKBs), we explore the actions and reactions of actors in an epidemic setting, providing insight into behaviors affecting border security. Using these tools, we are able to employ dynamic, multi-domain modeling to explain the decisions and actions taken by actors in the scenario. We validate our methodology by modeling and analyzing migration behaviors during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Mexico.
Sensitivity of cold-climate wine grape cultivars to copper, sulfur, and difenoconazole fungicides

Abstract The development of wine grape cultivars that can withstand temperatures as low as −40 °C, hereafter referred to as cold-climate cultivars, has been critical to the establishment and growth of the wine industry in the northern USA. While some grape cultivars are susceptible to leaf injury following application of copper, sulfur, and difenoconazole fungicides, the sensitivity of most cold-climate cultivars to these fungicides is not known. In field trials conducted over four years at two locations in Wisconsin, USA, we found that most of the 15 cold-climate cultivars evaluated were not highly sensitive to copper, sulfur, or difenoconazole, although there were important exceptions. Sensitivity was expressed in relative terms, with comparisons made among the cultivars tested, and more weight given when injury was observed after a small number of applications. Regarding copper: Brianna was highly sensitive, showing injury in seven of 11 trials, sometimes after three or fewer applications; Leon Millot, and Marechal Foch were moderately sensitive, each showing injury in three of six trials; and Frontenac, Frontenac gris, La Crescent, Marquette, and St. Croix were slightly sensitive, each showing injury in one or two trials. Regarding sulfur: Brianna, Leon Millot, and Marechal Foch were highly sensitive, each showing injury in three trials, sometimes after three or fewer applications; and La Crescent and St. Croix were slightly sensitive, each showing injury in one trial. With the exception of Noiret, which showed injury in one trial, none of the cultivars was sensitive to difenoconazole. It should be possible for growers to integrate these fungicides into disease management programs that will control important diseases of wine grape and delay the emergence of pathogens resistant to major classes of synthetic fungicides.
Creation of a Realistic Model for Removal of a Metallic Corneal Foreign Body for Less than $75.

Metallic corneal foreign bodies (MCFBs) are one of the most common causes of ocular injury presenting to the emergency department. Delays in removal, or forceful attempts to remove the MCFB can lead to infection, further injury to the eye, and worsening of vision. In order to prevent these underlying complications, it is imperative for the medical provider to properly master this technique. As current trends in simulation become more focused on patient safety, task-trainers can provide an invaluable learning experience for residents, medical students and physicians. Models made from bovine eyes, agar plates, gelatin, and corneas created from glass and paraffin wax have been previously been created. One study also used a rubber glove filled with water to simulate intraocular measurement with a Tonopen. However the use of corneas created from ballistics gel for MCFB removal and intraocular pressure measurement has not been studied. We propose a realistic, sustainable, cost-effective MCFB task-trainer to introduce the fundamental skills required for MCFB removal and measurement of intraocular pressure with a Tonopen. A pilot survey study performed on medical students and emergency medicine resident physicians showed an increase in comfort levels performing both MCFB removal and measurement of intraocular pressure with a Tonopen after using this task-trainer.
Fostering Political Interest Among Youth During the 2012 Presidential Election: Instructional Opportunities and Challenges in a Swing State

Political interest is one of the most consistent predictors of political participation, but little research has examined how it develops. This study explores adolescents’ political interest develop...
Reimagining policy: Power, problems, and public stories

The authors of various practitioner and scholarly documents suggest markedly contrasting understandings about the nature of “policy.” These divergent conceptions raise the question: What is at stak...
Changes in brain oxygen and glucose induced by oxycodone: Relationships with brain temperature and peripheral vascular tone.

Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opioid drug that is used to alleviate acute and chronic pain. However, oxycodone is often abused and, when taken at high doses, can induce powerful CNS depression that manifests in respiratory abnormalities, hypotension, coma, and death. Here, we employed several techniques to examine the effects of intravenous oxycodone at a wide range of doses on various metabolism-related parameters in awake, freely-moving rats. High-speed amperometry was used to assess how oxycodone affects oxygen and glucose levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These measurements were supplemented by recordings of locomotor activity and temperature in the NAc, temporal muscle, and skin. At low doses, which are known to maintain self-administration behavior (0.15-0.3 mg/kg), oxycodone transiently decreased locomotor activity, induced modest brain and body hyperthermia, and monotonically increased NAc oxygen and glucose levels. While locomotor inhibition became stronger with higher oxycodone doses (0.6-1.2 mg/kg), NAc oxygen and glucose transiently decreased and subsequently increased. High-dose oxycodone induced similar biphasic down-up changes in brain and body temperature, with the initial decreases followed by increases. While cerebral vasodilation induced by neural activation appears to be the underlying mechanism for the correlative increases in brain oxygen and glucose levels, respiratory depression and the subsequent drop in blood oxygen likely mediate the brain hypoxia induced by large-dose oxycodone injections. The initial inhibitory effects induced by large-dose oxycodone injections could be attributed to rapid and profound CNS depression-the most dangerous health complication linked to opioid overdose in humans.
Accuracy of coagulation values obtained from a heparinized central venous catheter.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To compare coagulation values of blood samples drawn from heparinized central venous catheters (CVCs) and peripheral veins. DESIGN Correlational. SETTING Adult, acute-care hematology/oncology unit in a 1,000-bed teaching hospital. SAMPLE Twelve adult patients with cancer who had varied diagnoses and patent CVCs. METHODS Simultaneous blood samples were drawn from the CVC and a peripheral vein and were tested for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES PT and aPTT values. FINDINGS PT and aPTT values were significantly prolonged in samples drawn from CVCs when compared to peripherally drawn samples. CONCLUSIONS Accurate coagulation values cannot be obtained from a heparinized CVC. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Blood for coagulation values should be obtained from peripheral veni-puncture. Further research should explore the effects of various catheters, heparin dwell time, and systemic anticoagulation on coagulation values.
SELECTION MECHANISMS MAINTAINING ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE POLYMORPHISMS IN Drosophila melanogaster

ABSTRACT. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is an important detoxification mechanism in fruit flies which live as larvae in fermenting fruits, thus in high alcohol concentration. Many habitats are probably lethal for fruit flies lacking an active ADH detoxification system-which accounts for nearly complete absence of null-activity ADH phenotypes in wild populations. Selection maintaining the two common polymorphic forms seems to be based on subtle differences in the affinities of ADH's for ethanol, propanols and butanols. All ADH's have an active site apparently with greater affinity for propanols and butanols than for ethanol (which is probably the most important toxin)-and by such a large factor that non-toxic levels of propanol and butanol act as competitive inhibitors of ethanol which is at lethal concentration. Interestingly, one form of ADH most efficiently oxidizes ethanol in the absence of other alcohols but is not the form most efficient in the presence of other alcohols. Since ethanol is a toxin that causes delayed development or death, this subtle difference in kinetic properties of the ADH's produced by different phenotypes may result in considerable selection for efficient ethanol oxidizers. However, since the most efficient ethanol-oxidizing phenotype will vary from one habitat to another and also vary in time, ADH polymorphism is itself an important adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster.
Coronary Artery Spasm and Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries

When evaluating acute chest pain, as in most other aspects of medicine, the foremost concern is with immediate life-threatening conditions; conditions that cannot afford to be missed. Although this role often falls on that of the emergency room physicians, it is essential for all to be aware of this acute differential diagnosis and the means by which to evaluate these conditions. In addition to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), life-threatening chest pain syndromes include aortic dissection, acute pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and esophageal rupture. Other serious conditions include microvascular disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, myocarditis, pericarditis, coronary artery bridging, and coronary artery spasm. These conditions can present with a myriad of symptoms that at times makes them diffi cult to discern from acute coronary syndromes (ACS). When coronary arteries are referred to as “normal,” it implies that from a luminographic perspective, as seen with routine coronary angiogram, there appears to be no coronary artery disease (CAD). This normal appearance would include a lack of any visible stenosis or ectatic coronary arteries. To most cardiologists, chest pain syndromes with normal coronary arteries (CPNCOR) represent a diagnostic challenge. Ruling out signifi cant epicardial coronary artery disease is clearly not enough as other fatal syndromes need to be diagnosed and managed rapidly. A thorough investigation of chest pain is indicated in order to defi ne an etiology, initiate goal-directed therapy, alleviate patient fears, and improve functional status [1]. Although there are many methods of classifying the various etiologies of CPNCOR, one intuitive method is anatomical (Table 22.1): coronary versus noncoronary. Coronary causes may be further subdivided into epicardial diseases (including coronary artery spasm, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial bridging) and cardiac diseases with coronary microvascular dysfunction
Anxiety-Related Difficulties

Our understanding of childhood anxiety has evolved significantly over the last 10 to 15 years. A defining event in this evolution was the advent of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Until the release of the DSM-III,much of our knowledge about childhood anxiety dealt with fears and phobias. The DSM-III, and its successors, the DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), have facilitated research in childhood anxiety by providing a common classification system. Changes have occurred between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV that suggest that the symptoms associated with anxiety are consistent across children, adolescents, and adults, although the specific manifestations of these symptoms may reflect developmental differences. These changes include removing Avoidant Disorder from the section of the DSM dealing with disorders first evidenced in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and considering Avoidant Disorder as a form of Social Phobia; it is no longer an available diagnosis. The other change was allowing Overanxious Disorder, another category previously presented with disorders first evidenced in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, to be subsumed under Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety disorders that have been examined with children (i.e., Generalized Anxiety Disorder/Overanxious Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Phobias) are presented in Table 1. It is important to note that to receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, symptoms must be present for a specified period of time (e.g., 4 weeks, 6 months), and to such a significant extent that the anxiety interferes with the child’s functioning. Children who demonstrate symptoms of anxiety, but not to the extent that would warrant a DSM-IV diagnosis, may still experience distress.
Least-Squares Based Layerwise Pruning Of Convolutional Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose a new layerwise pruning method to reduce the number of computations needed to evaluate convolutional neural networks (CNN) after training. This least-squares (LS) based pruning method improves state-of-the-art pruning methods as it solves both problems, how to select the feature maps to be pruned and how to adapt the remaining parameters in the kernel tensor to compensate the introduced pruning errors, jointly. Therefore, our method utilizes both correlations between the input feature maps and the structure in the kernel tensor. In experiments, we show that high reduction rates with a small performance degradation can be obtained with our pruning method and that our pruning method performs significantly better than low-rank factorization methods.