cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness and structural aspects of anodic and cathodic plasma deposited a-Si:H at low temperature

Abstract Surface topography and structural properties of a-Si:H thin films, deposited at 75 °C by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been examined using argon/helium/silane feedstock under different substrate bias and gas-dilution conditions. Notable differences in the surface roughness evolution are shown for films deposited in ‘cathodic’ versus ‘anodic’ mode – where the substrate is placed on the powered and grounded electrode, respectively – with rare-gas dilution type playing a minor role. By suitable choice of processing parameters including the aforementioned RF mode, we can modify and control the surface morphology from very rough to mirror-smooth. Our rough films deposited in anodic mode do not follow conventional growth evolution models, but instead are believed to include additional surface growth mechanisms, that could consist of shadowing instability and re-emission. Cathodic mode films processed from argon and helium feedstock both produced smooth films but exhibited different levels of coating stress and structural disorder with higher compressive stress and more network disorder associated with the argon case.
The homeless in Missouri in the ‘90s: A continuing challenge to social justice

Summary Homelessness in the United States continues to grow despite unprecedented prosperity. Even with a wide array of services, shelters are not stemming the tide. The answer is a massive recommitment by both federal and state governments to increase the steadily shrinking supply of low‐income housing. The policy remedy is for every family to have an entitlement to safe, sanitary, and affordable housing. Homeless‐ness is a national disgrace. It is both preventable and remediable.
TSG-6 Protein Binding to Glycosaminoglycans FORMATION OF STABLE COMPLEXES WITH HYALURONAN AND BINDING TO CHONDROITIN SULFATES

TSG-6 protein, up-regulated in inflammatory lesions and in the ovary during ovulation, shows anti-inflammatory activity and plays an essential role in female fertility. Studies in murine models of acute inflammation and experimental arthritis demonstrated that TSG-6 has a strong anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effect. TSG-6 protein is composed of the N-terminal link module that binds hyaluronan and a C-terminal CUB domain, present in a variety of proteins. Interactions between the isolated link module and hyaluronan have been studied extensively, but little is known about the binding of full-length TSG-6 protein to hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans. We show that TSG-6 protein and hyaluronan, in a temperature-dependent fashion, form a stable complex that is resistant to dissociating agents. The formation of such stable complexes may underlie the activities of TSG-6 protein in inflammation and fertility, e.g. the TSG-6-dependent cross-linking of hyaluronan in the cumulus cell-oocyte complex during ovulation. Because adhesion to hyaluronan is involved in cell trafficking in inflammatory processes, we also studied the effect of TSG-6 on cell adhesion. TSG-6 binding to immobilized hyaluronan did not interfere with subsequent adhesion of lymphoid cells. In addition to immobilized hyaluronan, full-length TSG-6 also binds free hyaluronan and all chondroitin sulfate isoforms under physiological conditions. These interactions may contribute to the localization of TSG-6 in cartilage and to its chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in models of arthritis.
Prison Theology: A Theology of Liberation, Hope and Justice

Abstract: In our nation today, the number of prisons and prisoners continue to grow at rates that are out-of-control. One in 100 of our citizens is in jail or prison, the highest ratio in the world. Unlike the poor, homeless, critically ill, and elderly, those in prison are separated from us to the degree they are unseen. Unseen also, is the oppressiveness of the criminal justice system that oversees more than 6.5 million people either in confinement or on probation or parole. Liberation theology, which advocates and works toward freeing people from oppression, includes feminist, black, womanist and Latino/Hispanic movements. This article proposes prison theology as part of the liberation theology family and identifies a prison theology based on liberation, hope and justice. It encourages a prison theology movement led by the church to liberate those under the oppressiveness of the criminal justice system, especially those confined and to energize a passion for justice and compassion for the oppressed throughout the criminal justice system.
Adsorption of water on clean aluminum by measurement of work function changes

Abstract Clean surfaces were produced on bulk aluminum samples by a new cutting procedure inside an ultra-high vacuum system. This cutting technique made it possible to stabilize the reference electrode of a vibrating capacitor by equilibration with the gas. Adsorption of water on the clean surfaces was studied by following changes in the work function of the surface at various temperatures and water vapor pressures. Water chemisorbed on the aluminum causing a work function change of − 1.4 V at one monolayer. The rate and amount of chemisorption were negatively dependent on temperature. The characteristics of the work function changes lead to the conclusion that the water chemisorbs by a precursor mechanism.
ANION BINDING TO THE UBIQUITIN MOLECULE

Effects of different salts (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, GdmCl, NaBr, NaClO4, NaH2PO4, Na2SO4) on the stability of the ubiquitin molecule at pH 2.0 have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, and Tyr fluorescence spectroscopies. It is shown that all of the salts studied significantly increase the thermostability of the ubiquitin molecule, and that this stabilization can be interpreted in terms of anion binding. Estimated thermodynamic parameters of binding for Cl- show that this binding is relatively weak (Kd = 0.15 M) and is characterized by a negative enthalpy of -15 kJ/mol per site. Particularly surprising was the observed stabilizing effect of GdmCl through the entire concentration range studied (0.01-2 M), however, to a lesser extent than stabilization by NaCl. This stabilizing effect of GdmCl appears to arise from the binding of Cl- ions. Analysis of the observed changes in the stability of the ubiquitin molecule in the presence of GdmCl can be adequately described by combining the thermodynamic model of denaturant binding with Cl- binding effects.
Data flow analysis of communicating finite state machines

Let ( F’l, Pz, . . . . Pm) be a network of n finite state machines, communicating with each other asynchronously using typed messages over unbounded FIFO channels, In this paper we present a data flow approach to analyzing these communicating machines for nonprogress properties (deadlock and unspecified reception). We set up flow equations to compute the set of pending messages in the queues at any given state of such a network, The central technical contribution of this paper is an algorithm to compute approximations to solutions for the ensuing equations We then show how these approximate solutions can be used to check that interactions between the processes are free of nonprogress errors. We conclude with a number of example protocols that our algorithm certifies to be free of nonprog-ess errors. Included in the examples is a specification of X25 call establishment/clear protocol,
Graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery

Abstract In this work, cotton fibers and pyrene-dispersed graphene sheets were used to produce graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon as an anode material for lithium battery. The graphene sheets were wrapped around the cotton fibers by simply dipping the fabric in a graphene/pyrene-derivative suspension. And then the cotton/graphene textile was annealed at 700 °C in a quartz tube furnace under Ar flow conditions. During the annealing process, the gaps between separated graphene sheets were “soldered” by “glue” molecules (aromatic molecular surfactant) to form graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon. Because of the unique electric properties of the graphene “skin” on the pyrogenic carbon, the flexible graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon showed relatively large storage capacity to lithium. Galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments also showed that the graphene-coated pyrogenic carbon electrode provided a reversible discharge capacity as high as 288 mA h g−1 even after 50 cycles and thus can be used an anode material in lithium battery.
Palladium(II) 3-Iminophosphine Complexes as Intermolecular Hydroamination Catalysts for the Formation of Imines and Enamines

Palladium(II) 3-iminophosphine derivatives were screened as intermolecular hydroamination catalysts, with (3-iminophosphine)(allyl)palladium triflate determined to be the most active for the hydroamination of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and phenylacetylene. The iminophosphine ligands were synthesized by a three-step process and coordinated in an η2 and η1 manner to palladium(II) chloride and (allyl)palladium(II) chloride, respectively.
Acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation in sheep Purkinje fibres.

The hypothesis that in the presence of acetylcholine overdrive may induce spontaneous repetitive activity (overdrive excitation) was tested by recording the transmembrane potentials and contractile force in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro. The results were: ( a ) acetylcholine 10−8 to 10−4 mol·litre−1 increased the action potential duration, the diastolic depolarisation slope and amplitude, and the twitch amplitude in a dose dependent manner; ( b ) at concentrations of 10−5 to 10−4 mol·litre−1 the interruption of a 60 beat·min−1 drive often induced repetitive spontaneous activity which was fastest immediately after the drive, slowed gradually, and ceased abruptly when an oscillatory potential failed to attain the threshold; ( c ) in the presence of acetylcholine, in quiescent preparations, applying drives of different durations and at different frequencies resulted in a steeper and larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a prolonged afterdepolarisation; ( d ) when overdrive excitation was induced it was faster and longer after faster or longer overdrives; ( e ) the cessation of overdrive was often associated with an aftercontraction; ( f ) in me presence of acetylcholine and a high extracellular calcium concentration (10.8 mmol·litre−1) overdrive excitation was preceded by a short period of inhibition; ( g ) strophanthidin (5 × 10−8 mol·litre−1) facilitated acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation (wimout an initial inhibition); ( h ) lowering the extracellular sodium concentration (-50% NaCl) antagonised overdrive excitation; and ( i ) atropine 10−5 mol·litre−1 prevented acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation. It is concluded that acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation by causing a larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a transient prolonged afterdepolarisation; that overdrive excitation requires sodium as a charge carrier underlying the electrical events leading to the attainment of the threshold; and that acetylcholine induces excitation by acting on a muscarinic receptor.
Low-dimension structural properties and microindentation studies of ion-beam-sputtered multilayers of Ag/Al films

Artificially modulated silver/aluminum multilayer films with modulation wavelengths Λ between 1.35 and 21.3 nm, and total film thickness of 1 μm were prepared by ion-beam sputtering. The mechanical properties of these films were investigated by a low load muhardness indentation technique. The films displayed increased hardness as the modulation wavelength decreased. X-ray diffraction scans showed well-defined small angle peaks and satellite peaks for high angles indicating a coherent multilayer structure. The hardness enhancement as the modulation wavelength decreases may be partially attributed to the Ag2Al formation at the interfaces. The high quality of the well-defined layer structure is confirmed by the presence of interference maxima corresponding to the number of bilayers in the low angle diffraction data for films with total film thicknessesess than 33.0 nm.
Analogs of luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) synthesis and biological activity of [(Nα-Me)Leu7]LRF and [D-Ala6,(Nα-Me)Leu7]LRF

Summary [(Nα-Me)Leu7]LRF, (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-(Nα-Me)Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), and [D-Ala6,(Na-Me)Leu7]LRF, (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ala-(Nα-Me) Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), were synthesized by solid-phase methodology. The peptides were assayed by the in vitro system against LRF and found to have ca. 102% and 560% the potency of LRF respectively. The biological results are interpreted in terms of the conformational aspects of LRF.
Heterojunction bipolar transistors with hydrogenated amorphous silicon contacts on crystalline silicon

Heterojunction bipolar transistors with hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) contact layers on crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates are reported. In particular, current gains exceeding 500 were achieved by heterojunction contacts further including embedded homo-junctions comprised of hydrogenated crystalline silicon (c-Si:H), having thicknesses much shorter than the diffusion length of minority carriers. The a-Si:H and c-Si:H layers were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition at temperatures close to 200°C.
Pitch-matrix composites for electrical, electromagnetic and strain-sensing applications

Pitch-matrix composites for deicing, electromagnetic shielding and strain sensing have been developed by using carbon fiber (discontinuous) and carbon black as electrically conductive fillers. A composite with carbon fiber (5 vol%) as the sole filler is effective for strain sensing, which functions by the electrical resistivity increasing reversibly with tensile strain. A composite with carbon fiber (3.4 vol%) and carbon black (1.5 vol%) is less effective for strain sensing and is lower in tensile strength, modulus and ductility, but it is lower in the electrical resistivity. A composite with carbon black (7 vol%) as the sole filler is very high in resistivity, but exhibits high storage modulus. Either carbon fiber or carbon black as filler increases the storage modulus, decreases the resistivity, renders the ability to provide EMI shielding and increases the softening temperature.
Model Performance of Downscaling 1999–2004 Hydrometeorological Fields to the Upper Rio Grande Basin Using Different Forcing Datasets

Abstract This study downscaled more than five years of data (1999–2004) for hydrometeorological fields over the upper Rio Grande basin (URGB) to a 4-km resolution using a regional model [fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3)] and two forcing datasets that include National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–NCAR reanalysis-1 (R1) and North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data. The long-term high-resolution simulation results show detailed patterns of hydroclimatological fields that are highly related to the characteristics of the regional terrain; the most important of these patterns are precipitation localization features caused by the complex topography. In comparison with station observational data, the downscaling processing, on whichever forcing field is used, generated more accurate surface temperature and humidity fields than the Eta Model and NARR data, although it still included marked errors, suc...
Moisture diffusion and hygrothermal aging in bismaleimide matrix carbon fiber composites: part II—woven and hybrid composites

Moisture absorption and hygrothermal aging in a woven and woven/uni-weave composites are studied. Different from the neat resin and uni-weave composite, the short term diffusion in the woven composite is non-Fickian, in that the uptake initially increases rather rapidly but quickly slows down. A dual-diffusivity model that can successfully describe the observed weight gain curves has been developed. This model is composed of two independent diffusion processes with very different diffusivities. The fast process is associated with diffusion in cure-induced voids and cracks, while the slow process is the intrinsic diffusion in the matrix. Two different hybrids, namely, uni-weave/woven/uni-weave (U-W-U) and woven/uni-weave/woven (W-U-W), are also investigated. The short term absorption curves of the U-W-U and W-U-W composites can be described by Fickian diffusion and the dual-difftisivity model, respectively. The resemblance between the U-W-U and uni-weave composites, as well as that between the W-U-W and woven composites suggest that the diffusion properties of a composite are controlled by the outer plies. During prolonged moisture absorption, the swelling stresses eventually cause the formation of interfacial cracks in the composite.
The convergence of American elites’ domestic beliefs with their foreign policy beliefs

Contemporary scholarship on elites’ foreign policy beliefs is based upon the implicit assumption that the dimensions underpinning these attitudes are separate and distinct from those which undergird attitudes about domestic politics. Indeed, the dominant conception of Americans’ foreign policy beliefs uses labels to describe dimensions—militant internationalism and cooperative internationalism—which are relevant to international affairs but meaningless to domestic policy attitudes and disputes. Such accounts imply that people do not possess common principles, or ideology, that structure beliefs across both issue domains. We argue that the analytical barrier between foreign and domestic policy beliefs is artificial, at least for elite beliefs. Data from the 1988 Foreign Policy Leadership Project survey and the 1988–1992 Leadership Opinion Project panel study demonstrate that foreign and domestic policy beliefs share a common structure. Since this structure is strongly associated with simple self‐placement ...
Comments on the Mroz multiple surface type plasticity models

Abstract Several questions are addressed regarding the role of number of surfaces in the Mroz type multiple surface models. Firstly, increasing the number of surfaces improves the accuracy of the plastic modulus function, but at the same time alters the translation behavior of surfaces. Two 90° out-of-phase axial-torsion loading experiments are chosen to illustrate the number of surface influence on the model behavior. The stresses exceed the experimental levels with increasing numbers of surfaces from 5 to 100. Secondly, for proportional loading, the multiple surface models do not predict ratchetting (progressive plastic strain accumulation in one direction). However, these models predict ratchetting for general nonproportional loading. An “ellipse” shaped axial-torsional loading path has been considered where predicted ratchetting rates far exceeded their experimental counter parts. An explanation is forwarded to address these properties of the models. It is further demonstrated that the multiple surface model of Mroz and its modification by Garud produce identical stress-strain predictions when the number of surfaces exceeds a certain value. For infinitesimal loading increment, intersection of surfaces does not occur when using either the Mroz or Garud model, however, when finite loading increment is selected in numerical calculations the intersection problem arises in the Mroz model.
Inter-observer variability among pathologists' evaluation of malignant melanoma: effects upon an analytic study.

Abstract This study examined whether inter-observer variability in rating tumor characteristics affected results of an investigation of surveillance bias and malignant melanoma at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The 20 cases from the Laboratory and their 36 non-Laboratory controls belonged to the same pre-paid health plan and were diagnosed with melanoma between 1970 and 1984. Tumors were independently and then jointly rated by three dermatopathologists blind to the subjects' Laboratory status. The mean difference between the reviewers and the consensus reading for tumor thickness was small, ranging from −0.06 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.12, 0.00) to 0.00 mm (95% CI − 0.07, 0.07). Agreement was much lower for histologic type (κ = 0.48, 95% CI 0.37, 0.58). Because the inter-observer variability, the study's hypothesis was rejected by analyses based on data from the consensus reading and two reviewers, but not on data from the third reviewer. These findings suggest that epidemiologists using data subject to inter-observer variability may want to employ consensus instead of individual ratings.
Cyclic enzymatic solid phase synthesis of isotopically labeled DNA oligonucleotides.

Isotopic labeling of DNA using standard solid phase synthesis requires expensive phosphoramidites that are used in large excess. We have developed a protocol where enzymatic, cyclic, solid phase synthesis of DNA facilitates a more economical use of the less expensive labeled DNA triphosphates (dNTP). In this approach, the DNA template is immobilized on an epoxy-activated solid support. Both the support and the linkage between DNA and resin are inert to high pH conditions which are required for product release in this scheme. Efficient covalent attachment of the DNA to the resin was achieved when the reaction was carried out in MgCl2/CAPS. The enzymatic fill in reaction as well as product release and recycling conditions were optimized for efficient reuse of dNTPs without any purification. The developed protocol was used to generate a selectively [13C, 15N] G labeled 10-mer duplex.
A non-oscillatory scheme for open channel flows

In modeling shocks in open channel flows, the traditional finite difference schemes become inefficient and warrant special numerical treatment for smooth computations. This paper provides a general introduction to the non-oscillatory high-resolution methodology, coupled with the advantages of using these conservative methods for open channel applications. Results of the numerical experiments are presented and compared to standard algorithm results, analytical solutions and experimental results to demonstrate the robustness of the high-resolution formulation. Finally results of flows with mixed flow conditions (as in hydraulic jump), indicate that the contribution of the Boussinesq pressure term is minimal. Besides showing robustness in capturing shocks in open channel, the results indicate that the effect of the grid spacing on the shock resolution is small. However, for jumps with high Froude numbers, the present formulation slightly underestimates the peak depth.
A novel in situ water perfusion and extraction method for soil amino acid quantification

Abstract Classic methods of soil amino acid (SAA) determination involve field collection of soils and disturbance during storage, sieving, mixing and extraction in the laboratory. We describe a novel inexpensive method for extraction of SAA's in situ with minimal soil disturbance. In a comparison between methods of SAA extraction from a semiarid grassland site, glu-x and arginine were the dominant SAA nitrogen sources detected by the novel method while serine and glycine were the dominant SAA nitrogen sources detected using the classic method. The extraction method employed is likely to be useful for accurate determination of SAA availability to plants and soil microbes.
Recovery of Lunar Surface Access Module Residual and Reserve Propellants

The vision for space exploration calls for human exploration of the lunar surface in the 2020 timeframe. Sustained human exploration of the lunar surface will require supply, storage, and distribution of consumables for a variety of mission elements. These elements include propulsion systems for ascent and descent stages, life support for habitats and extra-vehicular activity, and reactants for power systems. NASA KSC has been tasked to develop technologies and strategies for consumables transfer for lunar exploration as part of the exploration technology development program. This paper will investigate details of operational concepts to scavenge residual propellants from the lunar descent propulsion system. Predictions on the mass of residuals and reserves are made. Estimates of heat transfer and boil-off rates are calculated and transient tank thermodynamic issues post-engine cutoff are modeled. Recovery and storage options, including cryogenic liquid, vapor and water are discussed, and possible reuse of LSAM assets is presented.
Theory of Molecular Hydrogen and Deuterium in Magnetic Fields

The hamiltonian of a diatomic homonuclear molecule in a magnetic field is discussed. Included in the hamiltonian are the effects of the nuclear and rotational magnetic moments interacting with the external magnetic field, magnetic shielding, molecular diamagnetism, the spin-spin magnetic interaction of the two nuclei, the interaction of the nuclear magnetic moments with the field due to the rotation of the molecule, and the interaction of nuclear electric quadrupole moments. Perturbation theory expressions for the energy of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ in the first rotational state are obtained in both strong and weak field limits. The secular equation is numerically solved for intermediate fields. Curves are given showing the theoretical dependence of the energy and the transition frequencies upon the field.
A low dose of aripiprazole attenuates the subject-rated effects of d-amphetamine

Despite increased reports of amphetamine abuse and dependence, a putative pharmacotherapy has yet to be identified. In a previous study from our laboratory, 20 mg aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic that has partial agonist activity at D(2) receptors, attenuated many of the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine. Aripiprazole (20 mg) also impaired performance on a computerized version of the DSST when administered alone, indicating that the attenuation observed may have been functional as opposed to receptor mediated. The present experiment was conducted to determine whether a lower dose of aripiprazole (10 mg) could acutely attenuate the discriminative-stimulus, subject-rated, and physiological effects of d-amphetamine (2.5-15 mg) without impairing performance as measured with a computerized version of the DSST. The results of the present experiment indicate that 10 mg aripiprazole attenuated some abuse-related behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and was generally devoid of effects, including significant performance impairment, when administered alone. These findings suggest that 10 mg aripiprazole would be a reasonable starting dose for the treatment of stimulant abuse and dependence. Future research should examine the effects of chronic aripiprazole administration in combination with methamphetamine or cocaine.
Advancing pollution prevention and cleaner production – USA's contribution

Abstract In this paper, a brief history is presented of the development of pollution prevention (P2) programs and policies in both the states and by the federal government in the United States. Current trends are then discussed including the evolution of these programs, difficulties maintaining public support and prospects for the future. The 13 papers in this issue are then briefly described. They are grouped in the following four categories: • Government initiatives to increase use of P2 strategies and technologies • Purchasing initiatives • Sector initiatives • Program evaluation and measurement The papers in this issue are representative of much larger activities in each of these categories. Most P2 activity occurs in the states and by the private sector. With the available space it is not possible to adequately represent everything that is going on in all its aspects, including academia. For the future, three grand challenges are described: maintaining public support, competing priorities affecting P2 implementation by businesses, and the challenges of documenting P2 progress.
A lipoprotein of rat liver nuclei

Abstract A lipoprotein, soluble in alkali and insoluble in water and neutral salt solutions, has been prepared from rat liver nuclei isolated by the Dounce and Behrens methods. Hot alcohol extracted the lipid from the lipoprotein, but ether did not extract an appreciable quantity of lipid. Repeatedly dissolving the lipoprotein in alkali and reprecipitating with acid did not remove an appreciable amount of lipid. Tests on the lipid portion indicated the presence of phospholipid and cholesterol. The amino acid content of the protein part of the complex was found by chromatography to be similar to that of many tissue proteins. It was found by chemical analysis to contain: nitrogen − 14.5 per cent, phosphorus − 0.07 per cent, arginine − 5.7 per cent, tyrosine − 3.2 per cent, and tryptophane − 2.9 per cent. Electrophoretic patterns indicate that the lipoprotein complex contains only one component in the region of pH 7.5. The possibility of the nuclear membrane being composed of a lipoprotein complex is discussed briefly.
Depression among vietnamese refugees in a primary care clinic

Abstract Refugees are at high risk for mental disorders and manifest cultural Influences in their health behavior. The Vietnamese Depression Scale was administered to Vietnamese patients at a community clinic to assess the underlying prevalence of depression. The rate of accurate diagnosis and the manifestations of depression were also examined. A high prevalence of depression (52 percent) and a high level of underdlagnosis (56 percent) by primary care physicians were found. Ninety-five percent of these patients presented with physical symptoms. Compared with patients who had negative depression scores, those who had positive depression scores were more likely to be older and sought care at the clinic more frequently. These findings underscore the Importance of depression as an urgent health problem among Vietnamese refugees In primary care. Accuracy In diagnosis can be improved by using the Vietnamese Depression Scale and constitutes the first step toward effective treatment.
Pregnancy in mice selected for small litter size: reproductive hormone levels and effect of exogenous hormones.

Concentrations of mouse plasma LH, FSH. prolactin (PRL) and progesterone were measured throughout pregnancy in a small litter size line (CN-) in which prenatal mortality is markedly increased especially at the postimplantation stage. The pattern and magnitude of LH and PRL concentrations in line CN- were not significantly different from those previously reported in a control line (C). Levels of FSH and progesterone, however, were lower in the CN- than in line C during the second half of pregnancy. Gonadotropin administration from days 6 through 12 was ineffective in reducing prenatal losses in line CN-, whereas progesterone treatment reduced fetal losses to the level found in line C. Litter size in polytocous species is dependent upon the number of ova shed and the proportion of these represented by normal fetuses at birth. Variations in litter size have occurred in mouse strainsselectedforovulation rate (Falconer, 1960),directlyselected for littersize (Falconer, 1960: Bateman, 1966),and as a correlatedresponse to selection for growth rate or body size (MacArthur, 1949; Fowler and Edwards, 1960; Rahnefeld et a!., 1963).Bradford (1968,1969, 1971)has been successful in altering litter size by using all three means of selection. Falconer (1963) found that selection for an increase in litter size in the mouse resulted in an increasein ovulationrate,while response to selection for small litter size was the result of an increase in prenatal mortality. In our laboratory, selection for small litter size produced a line of mice (CN-; Bradford, 1971) with fewer young born in first litters as compared to a randomly selected control line (C). Examination of ovaries and uteri of pregnant females revealed that decreased litter size was due to increased prenatal mortal
Minority Use of a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and Non-specialty Hospitals in Two Florida Regions

To examine cancer treatment disparities at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center (NCI-CCC) and non-specialty hospitals. Florida hospital discharge datasets were used. ICD9-CM codes were used to define patients with female reproductive organ cancers (FROC), male reproductive organ cancers (MROC), and OTHER cancer diagnoses. A total of 7462 NCI-CCC patients and 21,875 non-specialty hospital patients were included in the statistical analysis. Data analysis was conducted in SAS 9.2. Increases in age reduced the odds of receiving treatment at the NCI-CCC. Male patients were more likely than female patients to be treated at the NCI-CCC. Age-adjusted odds of African American and Hispanic out/inpatients being treated at the NCI-CCC were significantly lower than those of White out/inpatients. Only patients with workers’ compensation, charity, or other insurance had higher odds of being treated at the NCI-CCC. The odds of minority patients receiving outpatient treatment at the NCI-CCC declined after 2005. The odds of receiving inpatient treatment at the NCI-CCC significantly increased after 2006. More targeted outreach by the NCI-CCC is required. However, we expect the creation of local Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to reduce the numbers of minority and older patients at the NCI-CCC. Coordinated quality care at ACOs implies a potential for retaining the patient market share held by non-specialty hospitals and a potential for increased demand for ACO care by minority and older patients.
CASA-Based Robust Speaker Identification

Conventional speaker recognition systems perform poorly under noisy conditions. Inspired by auditory perception, computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) typically segregates speech by producing a binary time-frequency mask. We investigate CASA for robust speaker identification. We first introduce a novel speaker feature, gammatone frequency cepstral coefficient (GFCC), based on an auditory periphery model, and show that this feature captures speaker characteristics and performs substantially better than conventional speaker features under noisy conditions. To deal with noisy speech, we apply CASA separation and then either reconstruct or marginalize corrupted components indicated by a CASA mask. We find that both reconstruction and marginalization are effective. We further combine the two methods into a single system based on their complementary advantages, and this system achieves significant performance improvements over related systems under a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
An Examination of Frontal Structure in a Fine–Primitive Equation Model for Numerical Weather Prediction

Abstract The structure of upper level and surface frontal zones associated with a cyclone developing over the central United States on 21–22 February 1971, as predicted by a limited-area, moist, primitive equation model with horizontal and vertical grid spacing on the order of 100 and 1.5 km, respectively, Is qualitatively examined and discussed. A comparison of crow-section analyses of the frontal zones, constructed from rawinsondo observations and from model output data, reveals that the horizontal and vertical scales of the observed fronts are ∼100 and ∼1 km, while those for the model-predicted fronts are ∼200–400 and ∼1–2 km. The discrepancy in scale can be explained by the coarse model resolution, which essentially renders be frontal zones subgrid-scale phenomena. Despite the model's lack of fidelity in reproduce the observed details in frontal structure, point calculations with Miller' equation appear reasonable in view of those results obtained in previous synoptic investigations. Vertical tilting ...
Management of Nocturia in the Female

Nocturia is a common but overlooked lower urinary tract symptom that substantially reduces patient health and quality of life. Though traditionally viewed as occurring predominantly in males, nocturia has been found to be equally as prevalent in females. The recent emphasis on the importance of nocturia has resulted in a surge of research studies, providing a foundation for current and future management decisions. In this review, we describe the current recommendations for the female patient in light of the most recently published studies, including a unique interest in predicting treatment response.
Multidrug resistance: can different keys open the same lock?

Multidrug resistance (MDR), resulting from the energy-dependent efflux of structurally unrelated lipophilic compounds, is a major clinical problem. An important question concerns the number and nature of the drug-binding sites in the MDR proteins. A recent report on the high-resolution structure of QacR, a protein that regulates expression of an MDR protein, shows the presence of several independent, but linked binding sites within a single multifaceted drug-binding pocket. This report, for the first time, provides a basis for the specific binding of multiple drugs to a single protein. The significance of these findings and their relevance to the field of drug resistance is discussed.
The International Bilingual City: How A University Meets the Challenge

Can language departments in schools on the U.S.-Mexico border take advantage of bilingual situations, expanding their programs through a creative serving of diverse publics, or must they be constrained by cross-ethnic taboos and restrictive local “rules of speaking”? These and kindred questions are addressed in this essay, which, following a sociolinguistic description of the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez metropolitan area, relates how placement tests, multiple tracking, trans-institutional program articulation, and an honest appraisal of weaknesses as well as strengths have contributed to improvement. Various topics discussed include the role of women in ethnic language maintenance, some intra-ethnically segregative consequences of language-dominance-based tracking in the elementary school, the pitfalls and the benefits of establishing a mandatory placement system, and the price that is paid for failing to finely articulate FLES at the district level.
Apelin-13 increases myocardial progenitor cells and improves repair postmyocardial infarction.

Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the angiotensin-like 1 receptor (APJ) and has beneficial effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Little is known about the role of apelin in the h...
Comparison in humans of the potency and pharmacokinetics of intravenously injected cocaethylene and cocaine.

Cocaethylene (the ethyl ester of benzoylecgonine) is a product of the interaction between ethanol and cocaine. The results of preclinical studies and of a pilot clinical study have shown cocaethylene to produce pharmacologic effects similar to those of cocaine. However, no information is available concerning the potency and pharmacokinetics of cocaethylene in comparison to those of cocaine in humans. We report the results of a single-blind, crossover study in which six male, healthy, paid volunteers, who were moderate users of cocaine, were intravenously injected with the water soluble fumarate salt of cocaethylene (0.25 mg/kg cocaethylene base) or an equivalent dose of the water soluble hydrochloride salt of cocaine (0.25 mg/kg cocaine base). Each dose was dissolved in normal saline and injected over a 1-min interval. Test sessions were separated by a 1-week interval. The variables measured were: cocaine and cocaethylene plasma concentrations, subjective and cardiovascular effects. The results indicate, that in comparison to cocaine, cocaethylene had a significant smaller elimination rate constant (0.42 versus 0.67 l/h), had a longer elimination half-life (1.68 versus 1.07 h), and induced ratings of “high” and changes in heart rate that were of lower magnitude (65%, and 43%, respectively). During the period of time that pharmacologic effects were present the plasma concentrations of cocaine and cocaethylene were statistically indistinguishable. This finding supports the conclusion that in humans cocaethylene is less potent than cocaine.
Flux pinning in Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ high Tc superconductors

Magnetic relaxation measurements have been made on two sets of samples of Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ high Tc superconductors with 0≤x≤0.10. The samples were prepared as fibers using a sol‐gel process and as polycrystalline pellets using a standard solid‐state reaction technique. In an applied field of 5 kOe at 30 K, the fluxoid pinning potential U was observed to increase approximately linearly with Pr concentration x at the rate dU/dx≊1 eV. A mechanism for the enhancement of U may be the suppression of the superconducting order parameter in the vicinity of the Pr ions due to magnetic pair breaking.
Corporate governance, earnings management, and IFRS: Empirical evidence from Chinese domestically listed companies

Abstract This research used 1,329 Chinese publicly listed companies’ data from 1998 to 2009 to investigate how IFRS, state ownership, and board of directors (BOD) influence earnings management. We conclude that state-ownership to an extent discourages earnings management in the current environment of China. However, IFRS implementation does not seem to deter earnings management. When state-ownership is not the case, increasing the number of independent BOD seems to be a good practice to discourage earnings management, although non-independent BOD does not make any difference.
Tax Neutrality in the Presence of Adjustment Costs

It is well-known that expensing of capital expenditures will lead to tax neutrality with respect to investment, provided that interest payments are not tax deductible [Brown, 1948]. However, if interest payments are deductible, then allowing firms to deduct economic depreciation will lead to a neutral tax system [Samuelson, 1964]. These neutrality results have been derived in models without costs of adjustment (see also, Hall and Jorgenson [1971], Stiglitz [1973], and King [1974]). However, recent research in investment theory has emphasized the role of costs of adjustment [Lucas, 1967; Gould, 1968; Hayashi, 1982; Abel, 1982a,b]. Using a separable adjustment cost technology in which adjustment costs depend only on the rate of investment, Abel [1982a,b] has shown that the two neutrality propositions above continue to hold. However, using a general nonseparable adjustment cost technology, Hartman [1978] showed that only one of the two neutrality propositions remains valid in the presence of adjustment costs. Expensing continues to lead to neutrality if interest payments are not deductible, but Hartman finds that economic depreciation and interest deductibility do not lead to neutrality in the presence of adjustment costs. In this paper we analyze investment behavior in an adjustment cost framework and construct a neutral tax system with interest deductibility. The neutral tax system allows for economic depreciation but requires some adjustments to taxable income which recognize the fact that capital can implicitly produce net revenue by reducing adjustment costs. Hartman found economic depreciation to be nonneutral because he did not make this necessary adjustment to taxable income and because he calculated economic depreciation incorrectly using the price of uninstalled capital rather than the value of newly installed capital. In the presence of costs of adjustment, true economic depreciation is calculated using the shadow price of installed capital rather than the observable market price of new uninstalled capital. It has been shown by Hayashi [1982] that under appropriate linear homogeneity and price-taking assumptions, the shadow price of capital can
Individual perceptions and the social construction of hate crimes: A factorial survey

Abstract Although the rapid diffusion of hate crime legislation since the 1980s indicates widespread success of the antiviolence movement at the policy level, effective responses to hate crimes – such as reporting incidents to authorities – are partly contingent on how individuals initially interpret potential incidents. This paper investigates the degree to which individuals’ perceptions of concrete events of harassment and violence mirror the interpretive frameworks offered by proponents of hate crime legislation. Specifically, the study examines the determinants of definitions of hate crime and perceptions of seriousness, focusing on both incident-level and respondent-level variables. Using data from a multilevel factorial survey gathered from a sample of undergraduates, I find a general alignment between the political construction of hate crimes and college student perceptions of incidents of harassment and violence, although sensitivity to hate crimes varies by witness demographic and attitudinal characteristic.
Toward a Synthesis: Lessons from Thirteen Cropland Watershed-Scale Studies

To integrate lessons from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture–Conservation Effects Assessment Project (NIFA CEAP) program, key informant (KI) interviews were conducted in all 13 project areas. The purpose of these interviews was to supplement technical information about watersheds, their contaminants, modeling, economics, and key findings. We interviewed a wide range of people to develop a systematic look at individual project results, synthesize meanings, and derive principles useful in guiding future watershed management. Findings revealed common themes, which tended to align with KI categories, regardless of location. For instance, farmers and ranchers often understood water quality problems as well as federal and state personnel and university employees do. Conservation adoption by farmers was related to perceived need, cost, and convenience of the practice, as well as practice specifics and individual situations. Possible implications of these finding...
Observation of quasi-periodic facet formation during high temperature growth of AlAs and AlAs/GaAs superlattices

Abstract Quasi-periodic facetting has been observed during high temperature, molecular beam epitaxial-growth of AlAs and AlAs/GaAs superlattices. The facetting is shown to be related to the thickness of the AlAs epilayers and is unrelated to the number of interfaces in the superlattices. The observed facetting is also shown to be dependent on the substrate temperature. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns monitored during growth change from streaky to spotty, indicating a three-dimensional growth surface. Chevrons can clearly be seen when the electron beam is directed along a 〈011〉 azimuth, indicating a particular crystallographic plane is now dominant on the surface and is aligned along that azimuth. Cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs confirm that the surface has facetted, forming a quasi-periodic triangle pattern with a period of about 1800°A.
Two Uniformly Distributed Parameters Defining Catalan Numbers

(1999). Two Uniformly Distributed Parameters Defining Catalan Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 948-949.
γ-AMINOBUTYRTC ACID RECEPTORS IN CEREBELLAR MEMBRANES OF RAT BRAIN AFTER A TREATMENT WITH TRITON X-1001

— The treatment of cerebellar membranes of rat brain with a low concentration of Triton X-100 followed by sufficient washing results in an increase of the Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA and a total loss of the Na +-dependent binding of [3H]GABA. The Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA was more abundant in membranes of cerebellum than in membranes of other rat brain regions and mainly localized in the synaptic membrane fraction of a cerebellar homogenate. In the Triton-treated membranes, the Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA was a saturable process, which could be resolved into two components, a high and a low affinity component with dissociation constants of 4.5 and 30 nm, respectively. The neurophysiological agonists, muscimol, GABA, and imidazole acetic acid, and the antagonist, bicuculline, inhibited the high affinity Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA by 50% at 0.003, 0.012, 0.3 and 10 μm respectively. These data suggest that the Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA in the Triton-treated cerebellar membranes represents the synaptic receptors of GABA. It is emphasized that extensive washing of the membranes after a Triton treatment is necessary in order to detect the high affinity Na+-independent binding of [3H]GABA.