cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selected Predictors of Health Promotion Counseling by Three Groups of Allied Health Professionals

Three groups of allied health professionals, including dental hygienists, dietitians, and certified nurse-midwives, were surveyed to determine current practice, beliefs, and attitudes regarding health promotion and disease prevention. The study aimed to explore the power of selected variables drawn from social learning theory in predicting self-reported level of counseling. We conducted separate analyses for 10 areas of health promotion and disease prevention: high blood pressure, smoking, lack of exercise, overweight, high-fat diet, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, stress, isolation and loneliness, and nonuse of safety belts. The predictor variables were respondents' professional group membership, confidence that they possess appropriate skills and knowledge to counsel patients (self-efficacy), belief that patients will follow through on recommendations (adherence expectation), and belief that reduction of risk will improve patients' health status (expectation of health impact). The level of counseling activity varied markedly across the risk areas, with blood pressure and weight receiving the most emphasis on average and isolation and loneliness and nonuse of safety belts receiving markedly less attention. There also was variation across the professional groups. Certified nurse-midwives had higher mean counseling scores in all topics except those related to diet, where the dietitians' mean scores were approximately the same. Of all the areas about which counseling might be increased, use of safety belts stands out as having the lowest reported prevalence, the least complexity in terms of implementation, and the most relevance to at least two of the professional groups. These findings suggest the importance of skills training, including the provision of actual or simulated counseling experience and modeling by others in the same professional group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 620: Monitoring leptomeningeal metastasis treatment response using tumor cell free DNA from cerebral spinal fluid

Background: Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) from brain tumor patients contains tumor cell free DNA (cfDNA), which may provide a non-invasive and routinely accessible method to obtain tumor genomic information. This “liquid biopsy” method would prove considerably less morbid compared to an open removal of tumor tissue from the brain. The opportunities of cfDNA in CSF have not been systematically studied in CSF, particularly in relation to how metastatic brain tumor cfDNA may respond to intrathecal therapy. Methods: A patient who presented with elevated intracranial pressure from metastatic melanoma to the leptomeninges underwent serial therapuetic lumbar punctures, approximately every two weeks over a period of three months. CSF was obtained through an informed consent, IRB approved protocol. The primary melanoma tumor was known to have a BRAF mutation 1799T>A (V600E). cfDNA was isolated from the CSF, and sequenced to confirm the presence of this same tumor-specific BRAF mutation. Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) quantified the mutant DNA amount and fraction in CSF. These results were compared to the clinical cytology results from the same sample. Results: Six time points were collected in 61 days. Tumor cfDNA was detectable in the first five time points. Mutant DNA fraction decreased from 53% to almost zero. The total amount of mutant DNA decreased from 220 copies per ml of CSF to 4 copies per ml of CSF. This result was concordant with the patient9s clinical response to therapy. Conclusion: Tumor cfDNA was found in CSF from a cancer patient with leptomeningeal metastases. Both the mutant fraction and total copies of mutant DNA corresponded with the patient9s response to systemic therapy. This non-invasive method may provide a powerful tool for identifying and monitoring the genetic fingerprint of brain metastases. Citation Format: Melanie Hayden Gephart. Monitoring leptomeningeal metastasis treatment response using tumor cell free DNA from cerebral spinal fluid. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-620
Calera: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Sustainability

A high-risk, highly capital-intensive start-up had confirmed its product's scalability and must then decide what business model made sense. It's biomimicry-inspired, environmentally sustainable cement product and related processes had the potential to lower greenhouse gas emissions, possibly sequester carbon, and even assist in potable water production. If everything worked as hoped, Calera's method seemed like a magic sponge capable of absorbing multiple pollutants and transforming them into desirable products. The reality, though full of possibilities, was complex, with many practical hurdles. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0160 Rev. Sept. 27, 2010 Calera: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Sustainability Introduction Brent Constantz had three decades of entrepreneurial experience starting companies based on how cements formed in coral reefs and seashells. Yet those same reefs and shells were threatened by ocean acidification from anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (Exhibit 1). Constantz had a simple insight: If humans could make cement as marine life did (through biomimicry) without burning fuel and converting minerals in high-temperature processes, then greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would be significantly reduced. With that idea, Calera Corporation was born. Calera's goal was to make synthetic limestone and carbonate cement, both used as major feedstock for concrete, by mimicking nature's low-energy process. Calera's process aimed to precipitate carbonate cement from seawater (ideally retentate left by desalination) and combine it with a strong alkaline base. When Constantz accidently discovered carbon dioxide (CO2) could enhance his process, he realized he needed a source of CO2. When he brought his technology and his challenge to cleantech venture capitalist Vinod Khosla, Calera suddenly became a carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology company, one with massive storage potential if located proximate to point sources of pollution: Power plants emitted 40% of U.S. carbon dioxide in 2008 and industrial process facilities dispersed another 20%. Yet a high level of technical risk and a number of unknowns remained about the breadth of applicability due to the requirement for brines and alkaline materials. Khosla, as the principal investor, shared Constantz's vision and saw the huge promise and the attendant risk of failure as a high-risk high-impact potential home run that would completely change assumptions about the power and cement industry or a strikeout. . . .
ALGEBRAS WITH HOCHSCHILD DIMENSION ≤ 1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the algebras with Hochschild dimension ≤ 1. It is assumed that A is algebra over a commutative ring K . It is supposed that A 0 is the opposite K -algebra to A , and A ® A 0 is their tensor product over K , the enveloping algebra of A. A can be regarded as a left A ® A 0 -module in the natural way. The homological dimension of this module is called the Hochschild dimension of A and is denoted by K -dim A. K -dim A = 0 means that A is A ® A 0 -projective and A is separable over K . It is proved that the assumption that K is a Hensel ring makes it possible to replace the condition that h is a singular epimorphism by the much weaker condition that ker h is in the (Jacobson) radical of B , provided both B and C are assumed to be finitely generated as K -modules.
Low level lead exposure and the development of children.

The zoonotic pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is becoming an increasing problem in Nepal with high prevalences of porcine cysticercosis and human taeniasis/cysticercosis detected in epidemiological studies undertaken in different parts of the country. Pig farming and marketing have increased dramatically in the country in recent years due to increased consumer demand for pork as the country's caste system has become relaxed. Postmortem surveys of pigs at slaughter establishments in Kathmandu and Dharan municipality showed 14% (34/250) of pigs positive for cysticercosis. Antemortem detection of T solium infection of pigs in a Syangja District community indicated 32% (136/419) of pigs positive by lingual examination while 24% (48/201) was serologically positive by Enzyme-linked Immunoelectro Transfer Blot (EITB) and 6% (12/201) showed evidence of old infection or exposure with 42 kDa and 50 kDa. A human helminthological survey in Syangja District in central Nepal indicated a very high prevalence of taeniasis, with 43% positive (77/180), while in Tanahun District 18% were positive (28/152). Taeniasis infection appears directly related to the ethnic groups surveyed and their food habits, literacy rates, and hygiene and sanitation. The prevalence of taeniasis among the ethnic groups surveyed, ie Magars, Sarkies, Darai, and Bote, was found to be 50, 28, 10, and 30%, respectively. Magar people are known for rearing pigs and eating much more pork than other ethnic groups, while the Sarkies are the poorest of the ethnic groups and are known to consume rotting cattle carcasses. At this time, the species of Taenia infecting these different ethnic groups has not been identified. Human cysticercosis cases were reviewed on the basis of hospital-based data. During the past five years, records from Patan Hospital, Bir Hospital, and Kanti Children's Hospital reported 62, 4, and 11 cysticercosis cases in Kathmandu, respectively. These hospitals had different standards with regard to diagnostic capacity, reporting, and recording systems. At the time of the study, there were only six neurosurgeons and six CAT scanners active in Nepal, all of which, except for one CAT scanner in Dharan, were located in Kathmandu. Neurocysticercosis cases from Nepal are also being diagnosed and treated at hospitals and clinics in India. This preliminary evidence suggests that taeniasis/cysticercosis is a serious and growing problem in Nepal, requiring urgent attention. A proper and thorough risk assessment of the situation involving both the health and agriculture sectors is needed, to determine whether and how the T solium situation in Nepal should be managed.
Drug-Induced Acid-Base Disorders

In Chaps. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, we discussed various systemic and drug-induced causes of acid–base disorders. Since drug-induced acid–base disorders are rather common in daily clinical practice, this chapter summarizes the iatrogenic causes of the four primary acid–base disorders. The pathophysiology of systemic and drug-induced primary acid–base disorders is discussed in the above chapters.
Citizens’ Knowledge, Beliefs and Actions Regarding Chemical Contamination of Drinking Water

To obtain background information for the development of educational materials, we studied a sample of water supply customers in a non- metropolitan area in New York State. We examined knowledge, beliefs and actions related to chemical contamination of groundwater used as a source of drinking water. Respondents knew many of the key concepts related to water and health to which new information about the chemical contamination of groundwater could be linked. Respondents were less familiar with the terms, groundwater and parts per million. Few misconceptions were observed. Respondents who knew more about water and health tended to have more positive beliefs about seeking information about drinking water quality, be more interested in information, and report reading or learning about drinking water quality more frequently.
Effective Personal Statements

Great opportunities engender the greatest challenges. One of the most difficult parts of the application process is the crafting of a personal statement. This free- form test of ingenuity, stamina, and writing skills is the only portion of the application that you have complete control over (sort of). You decide the content, the structure, and the form. It is a personal expression of you, your abilities, interest, and background. It is an opportunity to express your individuality, point out your superiority to other candidates, and pique the interest of the selection committee. It can make or break an application. It will be one of the most difficult pieces of one-page writing you will ever tackle.
Round Muscle Profiling: Influence of Aging on the Palatability of Specific Wholesale Round Cuts

Sensory characteristics differed between the muscles of the round. Some of the muscles of the round had characteristics similar to the LD, which is generally accepted as a tender cut by consumers. The tenderness values of the GR, SAR, and VI were similar to or better than the LD at all aging periods. The juiciness values of the GR, SAR, and VI were similar to the LD at all times periods except 7 d postmortem where the SAR was less juicy than the LD. As a result of this the GR, SAR, and VI are all muscles that might be suitable to add value by marketing them as individual cuts. However, the tenderness and juiciness values of the AD, SM, and VL were generally lower than the LD and would not be good candidates to add value to by marketing as individual cuts.
Time-Dependence of State Vectors, Algebraic Techniques, Coherent States

Before examining the time-dependence of state vectors it will be useful to recapitulate and summarize the postulates of quantum theory.
Computing and Visualizing Gene Function Similarity and Coherence with NaviGO

Gene ontology (GO) is a controlled vocabulary of gene functions across all species, which is widely used for functional analyses of individual genes and large-scale proteomic studies. NaviGO is a webserver for visualizing and quantifying the relationship and similarity of GO annotations. Here, we walk through functionality of the NaviGO webserver ( http://kiharalab.org/web/navigo/ ) using an example input and explain what can be learned from analysis results. NaviGO has four main functions, accessed from each page of the webserver: "GO Parents," "GO Set", "GO Enrichment", and "Protein Set." For a given list of GO terms, the "GO Parents" tab visualizes the hierarchical relationship of GO terms, and the "GO Set" tab calculates six functional similarity and association scores and presents results in a network and a multidimensional scaling plot. For a set of proteins and their associated GO terms, the "GO Enrichment" tab calculates protein GO functional enrichment, while the "Protein Set" tab calculates functional association between proteins. The NaviGO source code can be also downloaded and used locally or integrated into other software pipelines.
Breaking free from siloes: intersectionality as a collective action frame to address toxic exposures and reproductive health

There has been increasing interest in collaborative approaches between the environmental justice (EJ) and reproductive justice (RJ) movements to address the higher burden of toxic exposures and associated reproductive health outcomes in vulnerable communities. This study examined the collective action frames (CAFs) of advocates at the EJ/RJ nexus. CAFs highlight how advocates identify problems and solutions, and motivate action. The use of intersectionality was identified as a main CAF used in three key ways: breaking free from identity-based, issue-based, and movement-based siloes. First, interviewees described breaking free from identity-based siloes by identifying risks of toxic exposures that result from intersecting social locations (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, income, immigration status) and by equally prioritizing multiple aspects of their identities as they engage in advocacy. Second, they described breaking free from issue-based siloes by developing multi-issue agendas that address a com...
Conversion of projected entangled pair states into a canonical form

We propose an algorithm to convert a projected entangled pair state (PEPS) into a canonical form, analogous to the well-known canonical form of a matrix product state. Our approach is based on a variational gauging ansatz for the QR tensor decomposition of PEPS columns into a matrix product operator and a finite depth circuit of unitaries and isometries. We describe a practical initialization scheme that leads to rapid convergence in the QR optimization. We explore the performance and stability of the variational gauging algorithm in norm calculations for the transverse-field Ising and Heisenberg models on a square lattice. We also demonstrate energy optimization within the PEPS canonical form for the transverse-field Ising and Heisenberg models. We expect this canonical form to open up improved analytical and numerical approaches for PEPS.
Wnt7a Counteracts Cancer Cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic disease so far lacking effective therapy, and it accounts for approximately one third of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. The extracellular ligand Wnt7a has a dual function in skeletal muscle, inducing the anabolic AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in myofibers and driving muscle stem cell expansion in skeletal muscle, making it a promising candidate for treatment of muscle wasting diseases. In murine and human myotubes, Wnt7a activates the anabolic AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby preventing cachexia-induced atrophy with a single application being sufficient to prevent atrophy independently of the tumor cell type causing cachexia. Addition of Wnt7a also improved activation and differentiation of muscle stem cells in cancer cachexia, a condition under which skeletal muscle regeneration is severely impaired due to stalled muscle stem cell differentiation. Finally, we show that Wnt7a prevents cancer cachexia in an in vivo mouse model based on C26 colon carcinoma cells. Wnt7a has a dual role in cachectic skeletal muscle; that is, it effectively counteracts muscle wasting through activation of the anabolic AKT/mTOR pathway and, furthermore, reverts the loss of muscle stem cell functionality due to cancer cachexia, making Wnt7a a promising candidate for an ameliorative treatment of cancer cachexia.
Improvements in Clinical Outcomes for BRAFV600E -Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Although the last two decades have seen a broad improvement in overall survival, colorectal cancer (CRC) is still the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Patient populations continue to face poor disease prognoses due to the challenges of early detection and the molecular subtypes driving their CRC. Consequently, many patients present with metastatic CRC, which often limits options and shifts treatment focus away from curative interventions. BRAFV600E mutations are present in approximately 10% of CRC tumors and are associated with uninhibited cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and resistance to standard therapeutic options. In CRC, BRAFV600E mutations are associated with decreased overall survival, poor treatment responses, and different patterns of metastatic spread compared to tumors with wildtype BRAF. Success in treating other BRAFV600E-mutant cancers with BRAF inhibitors as monotherapy has not translated into efficacious treatment of metastatic CRC. Consequently, combination therapy with inhibitors of BRAF, MEK, and epidermal growth factor receptor, which overcomes the innate treatment-resistant characteristics of BRAFV600E-mutant CRC, is now recommended by treatment guidelines.
Surface flooding of Antarctic summer sea ice

The surface flooding of Antarctic sea ice in summer covers 50% or more of the sea-ice area in the major summer ice packs, the western Weddell and the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas. Two CRREL ice mass-balance buoys were deployed on the Amundsen Sea pack in late December 2010 from the icebreaker Oden, bridging the summer period (January–February 2011). Temperature records from thermistors embedded vertically in the snow and ice showed progressive increases in the depth of the flooded layer (up to 0.3–0.35 m) on the ice cover during January and February. While the snow depth was relatively unchanged from accumulation (<10 cm), ice thickness decreased by up to a meter from bottom melting during this period. Contemporaneous with the high bottom melting, under-ice water temperatures up to 1°C above the freezing point were found. The high temperature arises from solar heating of the upper mixed layer which can occur when ice concentration in the local area falls and lower albedo ocean water is exposed to radiative heating. The higher proportion of snow ice found in the Amundsen Sea pack ice therefore results from both winter snowfall and summer ice bottom melt found here that can lead to extensive surface flooding.
A Multi-Modal, Silicon Retina Technique for Detecting the Presence of Reflective and Transparent Barriers

There is currently great interest in enhancing the ability of aerial robots to navigate indoors. Navigating a building under various lighting and environmental conditions would have application in disaster response, infrastructure inspections, as well as a wide variety of commercial applications. In order to achieve this goal, one common feature of indoor environments that must be addressed is the detection of transparent/reflective barriers. Transparent/reflective barriers as they pertain to structures generally take the form of a window, office divider, or storefront. Human tele-operators of aerial robots in environments such as malls, airports, office buildings, and museums that feature transparent barriers will need some means to enhance their situational awareness so they can recognize the presence of transparent/reflective barriers, distinguish between the two, and have some idea of the distance and pose relative to the transparent/reflective barrier. The ability to detect and localize transparent barriers will also be important for autonomous navigation. The focus of this work is to develop a multi-modal sensing solution that can successfully identify transparent/reflective barriers, distinguish between the two, and provide information on pose and distance to the barrier at time-scales exceeding human response in order to facilitate navigation of indoor spaces. The sensing solution relies on using an imager to measure the differences in the interactions of actively visible light illumination of transparent/reflective barriers. A silicon retina event-driven imager is used in this work to provide a path to obtaining information on transparent/reflective barriers at high speeds, while requiring very little communications bandwidth.
Stop-and-frisk in New York City: Estimating racial disparities in post-stop outcomes

Abstract Purpose Determine whether black and Latino pedestrians are more likely to be frisked or subjected to the use of force under New York City's stop-and-frisk program. Methods Inverse probability weighted regression adjustment and covariate exact matching were used on the New York City Police Department's stop-and-frisk data from 2008 to 2012 to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (i.e. the effect of being black or Latino) on four post-stop outcomes (being frisked, being subjected to any force, being subjected to weapon force, and being subjected to non-weapon force). Results The results show that being black or Latino is associated with being frisked and subjected to non-weapon force. Race and ethnicity are not associated with weapon force. Conclusions Results are contextualized in terms of threat theory, administrative and organizational policy, and implicit bias. Because black and Latino pedestrians are still more likely to be frisked and subjected to non-weapon force after matching for relevant pedestrian and stop characteristics, particular attention is paid to the role of implicit bias.
Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest-Activity Rhythms with Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men.

Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest-activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest-activity rhythm characteristics using multi-day actigraphy, and examined their associations with six inflammatory markers (i.e., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-α-sRII, IL-1 β, IFN-γ) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest-activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest-activity rhythms and changes in in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow up. We found that multiple rest-activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these three rest-activity characteristics was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (i.e. having three or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest-activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest-activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest-activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.
Genotype and phenotype analysis of neonates with neonatal encephalopathy complicated with perinatal hypoxic event

Objective: To explore the underlying genetic causes of neonatal encephalopathy complicated with perinatal asphyxia. Methods: From the neonates recruited to the Neonatal Genome Project of Children's Hospital of Fudan University between January 2016 and January 2019, 113 neonates with neonatal encephalopathy and acute peripartum or intrapartum event or Apgar score ≤7 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data, laboratory results, the findings of electroencephalograph and magnetic resonance imaging or head ultrasound, and the genetic information were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 133 neonates with neonatal encephalopathy and acute peripartum or intrapartum event or Apgar score ≤7 scores, 77 (57.9%) were males, 56 (42.1%) were female, 56 (42.1%) were delivered via cesarean section, and 77(57.9%) were born by vaginal delivery. Among these cases, 68 (51.1%) were diagnosed of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 25 (18.8%) had intracranial hemorrhage, 20 (15%) were related to genetic diseases, and 5 (3.8%) had sepsis without central nervous infection. A total of 20 cases with positive results by next-generation sequencing test were identified, including 19 cases with pathogenic variations and 1 case with variation of uncertain significance. These 20 cases included 4 cases with congenital myopathy (2 cases of MTM1 gene pathogenic variants, 1 case of ACTA1 and 1 case of RYR1 gene pathogenic variants), 4 cases with genetic syndrome (2 cases of CHD7 gene pathogenic variants, 1 case of PTN11 gene pathogenic variant, and 1 case of NSDHL gene pathogenic variant), 3 cases with metabolic disorders (1 case of OTC gene pathogenic variant, 1 case of MTHFR gene pathogenic variant, and 1 case of ALDH7A1 gene pathogenic variant), 2 cases with epileptic encephalopathy (1 case of KCNT1 and 1 case of PACS2 gene pathogenic variants), 1 case with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (PHOX2B gene pathogenic variant) and 6 cases with copy-number pathogenic variations. Among these 20 cases, 8(40.0%) neonates were presented with persistent hypotonia, 7(35.0%) neonates with seizures, and 5(25.0%) neonates with congenital malformation. Genetic counseling and further follow-up were performed or suggested for these 20 cases; 4 neonates were deceased, 10 neonates underwent palliative care, and 6 neonates were improved after supportive care and their further follow-up plan were performed in clinics. Conclusions: Genetic diseases are not rare in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy complicated with perinatal hypoxia event. The common causes in these neonates include congenital myopathy, metabolic disorders, genetic syndrome, and epilepsy encephalopathy.
Hey Now, You are an All-Star…But are you All-NBA?

The All-NBA selection can have long-term financial impact on a player’s career; therefore, the selection should be fair. This chapter investigates how the All-NBA selections should be chosen with empirical analyses based on the criteria set by the league. Player level data was collected for the years 2015–2020, and a series of analyses of variance was conducted to compare the player efficiency ratings (PER) of players who got first team All-NBA, players who got second team All-NBA, players who got third team All-NBA, and players who had top 15 PERs in the league but did not get selected to an All-NBA team. The results showed that (1) first team All-NBA selections have the highest PER in comparison to the other groups; (2) second team All-NBA selections have higher PER than the third team, but there is no difference between the PER scores of second team All-NBA selections and the PER scores of the players who were not selected to any All-NBA teams despite having had top 15 PER scores; and (3) third team All-NBA selections had lower PER scores than the players who were not selected to any All-NBA teams despite having had top 15 PER scores.
Development Planning and Scheduling Model

A planning and monitoring model oriented to new developments or city improvements has been developed. A step-by-step example for preparing the model, coding the activities, and establishing the correlations and data processing is presented. A developer or city planner using this model is able to achieve a greater control over the project progress and at the end to obtain a greater return on the investment through a better timing.
Bordeaux and Burgundy: A Comparison of Two French Wine Regions in Transition

The vineyards of Burgundy and Bordeaux constitute one of the greatest cultural and culinary assets of France, producing some of the finest wines in the world. Exquisite Gevrey-Chambertin, Aloxe-Corton, Pouilly-Fuisse, or Nuits-Saint-Georges from Burgundy, and Petrus from Pomerol, Lafite-Rothschild of Pauillac, Leoville-Las-Cases of Saint-Julien, Château Cheval Blanc of Saint-Emilion, or other examples from Bordeaux are the envy of vintners from every other region and often the standard by which their products are judged. This predominance is partly the fortuitous product of a remarkable combination of climate and soil that maximizes the regions’ wine grape production, but it is also derived from a wine-producing technology that is as old as the Middle Ages and as young as the computer age. By reviewing and contrasting both the physical and the cultural terroir of Burgundy and Bordeaux, this chapter provides a glimpse into the complex interplay of natural resource and creative genius that has made these regions into two of the world’s greatest centers of fine wine production.
Antimicrobial peptides as mucosal adjuvants.

This chapter briefly reviews the major classes and types of conventional adjuvants. It then reviews the use of antimicrobial peptides as adjuvants and examines the ability of antimicrobial peptides, including defensins, to augment and direct an immune response to coadministered antigens. An emulsion of mineral oil and killed mycobacteria is called Freund’s complete adjuvant and is one of the most potent adjuvants known for stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses. Even microbial toxins, like Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and Vibrio cholerae toxin, are potent mucosal adjuvants. Antimicrobial peptides are a unique and diverse group of molecules produced by many cell types and tissues throughout the Eukarya. Antimicrobial peptides are divided into groups based on their biochemical compositions and structures. Some antimicrobial peptides are reported to have immunomodulatory and adjuvant activities. Cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) induces humoral and cellular antigen-specific immune responses to ovalbumin in mice in a dose-dependent manner. Some antimicrobial peptides have been reported previously to have potent adjuvant activity in tumor immunotherapy. Microorganisms coming in contact with epithelial cells will induce the production of defensins and cytokines. Ideally, defensins would recruit immature dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells to local sites, promote antigen uptake and processing by dendritic cells, and increase the immunogenicity of the coadministered antigen.
Increased proportion of complement-receptor lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In the present study we present evidence that the proportion of complement-receptor lymphocytes (CRL) is greatly increased in the circulation in most cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Lymphocytes (> 99% pure, 70% recovery) were obtained from the peripheral blood of normal individuals by separation of the mononuclear cells from the leukocyte-enriched plasma by differential flotation in Hypaque-Ficoll and incubation of the mononuclear cells with iron-containing particles followed by removal of the phagocytes with a magnet. Complement - receptor lymphocytes were detected by incubating lymphocytes with sheep erythrocytes coated with antibody and mouse complement (EAC) and counting the EAC—CRL rosettes under the microscope. 7.1 ± 3.8% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, 31.0 ± 6.9% of lymph node, and 59.6 ± 13.2% of tonsil lymphocytes bind EAC. The binding was C3-dependent since it could be inhibited specifically by papain fragments of rabbit antibodies to mouse C3. Among lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with CLL, 50.7 ± 25.0% bear the complement receptor. These results suggest that CLL preferentially affects B cells.
Millennium Assessment of Human Behavior

Global society is seriously threatened by the environmental impacts of human activities. Although the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have been established to analyze biophysical aspects of global change, there is no equivalent effort to assess the role of individual behavior in creating those environmental threats. The authors of this Policy Forum propose the institution of a Millennium Assessment of Human Behavior to establish serious dialogues about what can and should be done. It would draw heavily on social scientists and would engage groups of citizens globally in public forums to explore the moral elements and the consequences of choices about environmental change.
Closed-Loop Precoding and Capacity Analysis for Multiple-Antenna Wireless Systems With User Radiation Exposure Constraints

Mobile handsets, classified as portable devices, are regulated on the amount of user electromagnetic exposure. The widely accepted exposure measurement is the specific absorption rate (SAR). Despite the prevalence of SAR constraints throughout the world, there has been barely any work on the design and analysis of communication signals for SAR-constrained wireless systems. In this paper, we show that multiple-antenna systems greatly reduce the SAR measurements when proper precoders are used. Fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular systems will be expected to support high rate uplinks, making multiple transmit antennas on user equipment a necessity. Our proposed SAR-aware transmission for multiple-antenna systems can be applied in 5G handsets to reduce the SAR and increase the rate. Assuming that channel knowledge is available at the transmitter and the receiver, we perform capacity analysis for multiple-antenna systems under both transmit power and SAR constraints. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate substantial performance improvements over schemes that ignore the SAR constraint. Our work shows that SAR-constrained precoders have structures similar to precoders designed for spatially correlated channels.
Cognitive Group Therapy

In this chapter, we describe three broadly defined approaches to cognitive group therapy: (1) a structured psychoeducational approach, (2) a problem-solving approach, and (3) an experiential-affective approach. None of these approaches needs to be used exclusively or to the exclusion of the others, and they may be used in flexible combinations depending upon clients’ characteristics and the setting in which the therapist works. Regardless of approach, the focus in cognitive group therapy is upon the individual rather than upon the group or upon relationships that develop among members of the group (including the therapist).
Efficient Reorientation of a Deformable Body in Space: A Free-Free Beam Example

It is demonstrated that the planar reorientation of a free-free beam in zero gravity space can be accomplished by periodically changing the shape of the beam using internal actuators. A control scheme is proposed in which electromechanical actuators excite the flexible motion of the beam so that it rotates in the desired manner with respect to a fixed inertial reference. The results can be viewed as an extension of previous work to a distributed parameter case.
Capsule Commentary on McNeely et al., Validation of Self-Administered Single Item Screening Questions (SISQs) for Unhealthy Alcohol and Drug use in Primary Care Patients

While alcohol use is common in the US, most regular users of alcohol are not risk users. And while illicit drug use is less common, it portends higher risk of user impairment. Although primary care providers are required to screen for these conditions, research consistently shows opportunities for improvement.1 This gap could be due, in part, to both patient and provider perception of the screening activity. For example, screens measuring objective aspects of illness burden (e.g., blood pressure) usually do not illicit reactions pertaining to social desirability in the same way that screens for unhealthy relationships with drugs or alcohol do. Furthermore, perceived clinician burden of the screen can inhibit these important conversations.2–4
A Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of a Multidisciplinary Engineering Capstone Design Course

BACKGROUND Capstone design courses seek to prepare engineering students for industry by challenging student teams to solve real-world problems. To improve this preparation, university programs have recently focused on creating multidisciplinary teams. However, there is limited quantitative evidence showing that multidisciplinary student engineering teams develop higher quality projects or are better prepared for the work force.
Elastomeric Polypropylene Using Alumina-Supported Bis(Arene)Titanium and Tetra(Neophyl)Zirconium Catalysts

Abstract An overview of catalysts based upon tetra(neophyl)zirconium and bis(arene)titanium complexes supported on partially hydroxylated alumina for olefin polymerization is presented. The chemistry of the surface species has been partially elucidated. When these catalysts are used to polymerize propylene, the resulting stereoblock homopolymer is a thermoplastic elastomer. Physical and mechanical characterization of the polymer indicates that the properties may be attributed to an ether-soluble, largely amorphous, but high molecular weight fraction. The isotactic blocks in this largely atactic fraction cocrystallize with the crystalline, isotactic fraction to provide crosslinks in a rubbery network.
Reversible Section of the Brain by a Wall of Cold

A fork made up of hollow tubing may be chronically implanted in the cat's brain. When cooling fluid is pumped through this fork a reversible plane lesion is formed. This technique permits analysis of functional parts of the nervous system in unanesthetized animals.
A new inorganic–organic hybrid material containing a neutral three-dimensional open framework: Synthesis and characterization of [{Co2(4,4′-tmdp)4}V4O12] (4,4′-tmdp = 4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine)

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of NH4VO3, CoSO4 · 7H2O, 4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine (4,4′-tmdp = C13H14N2), and H2O yielded a new hybrid species, [{Co2(C13H14N2)4}V4O12], containing arrays of {V4O12} rings covalently linked through metal-organic units, {Co(C13H14N2)2}, into a three-dimensional open-framework structure. The novel material has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The new material is potentially an attractive model compound for studying the structures of metallo-organic biomolecules by solid state NMR spectroscopy.
Fracture repair techniques for the equine mandible and maxilla

Summary The purpose of this article is to review the principles of fracture repair for the rostral mandible and maxilla and to demonstrate a variety of repair techniques. Because each fracture is unique, knowledge of the different repair techniques will allow the practitioner to choose a repair method best suited to the fracture configuration, equipment available, and the skill level and preferences of the surgeon.
Small angle scattering of hydrogen from surfaces

Abstract Scattering of H + or H − and H 0 as a result of H + , and D + impact has been studied for targets of Be, C, Cu, Nb, Au, and stainless steel. Projectiles are incident at 69° from the surface normal and scattered particles are studied at near grazing emergence angles. Charge state distribution of the scattered particles is a function only of recoil energy and not impact energy nor of emergence direction. This indicates that the charge states are governed by bi-particle collision events rather than interactions with band structure of the surface. Comparison with previous experiments shows that as the incidence angle increases the average recoil energy gets larger. As an indication of absolute magnitudes we find that for 15 keV H + incident on Au at 69° from the surface normal, there are 0.081 protons, and 0.0072 H − , and 0.263 neutral hydrogen atoms scattered per incident proton and per steradian at an angle of 9.4° from the surface.
Finite element approximations to flow problems

I N T R O D U C T I O N 4' 4,0, ;4 ' = = =4'1 on F. (41 There are two major difficulties in using finite element (v methods to approximate fluid flows. The first is the need to develop an appropriate variational principle. Second, where v is the outer normal. even in those cases where there is a widely accepted Observe that equation (41 amounts to two conditions variational formulation, it is often of the mixed type 1, and on ~, on the boundary, and no conditions on the vorticity hence serious consideration needs to be given to the type ~. This is the major problem for establishing a systematic of element used in the method, variational formulation. Some have approached the We illustrate these with two sample problems. The first problem of getting boundary values for ~ (both in finite is a two-dimensional incompressible flow past an obstacle difference and finite element formulations) by requiring using the stream function and vorticity formulation. The that equation (2) hold on V, and this with the boundary major difficulty in this problem is the development of an conditions 14) for @ permits us to express the boundary appropriate variational method, values of ~ in terms of values of 4' on or near the boundary The other example cited in this paper is a three(often called Thorn's formula). A standard Galerkin dimensional incompressible flow using primative method is then used for this modified problem. variables. Here the standard Galerkin formulation has Two objections can be raised against t his approach, one been widely accepted; however, since it is of the mixed major and the other minor. First, it is not a true type, only selected finite element spaces will produce variational formulation ofthe physical problem due to the stable and accurate approximations, ad hoc requirement that A4' = ~ hold on the boundary. Similar problems arise in compressible flows, but these More seriously, this assumption may not be valid at all will not be treated here. The reader is referred to Fix 2 for points. There is certainly no problem on the inflow or steady flows using the Kelvin Bateman variational outflow nor along the solid boundary AB and CD in Fig. principles. 1. However, at the corner points E.F,G, the first derivatives of ¢,b are singular 3 making the use of equation
The cyclic separation scheduling problem

This paper deals with the problem of scheduling items (tasks, employees, equipment, etc.) over a finite time horizon so as to minimize total cost expenditures while maintaining a predefined separation between certain items. The problem is cyclic, because the same schedule will be repeated over several consecutive time periods of equal length. Thus, requirements are present to maintain the separation of items not only within the individual time periods considered, but also between items in adjoining periods. A special purpose branch-and-bound algorithm is developed to solve this scheduling problem by taking advantage of its cyclic nature. Computational results are given.
Combining ability of binary mixtures of native, warm-season grasses and legumes

Growing complementary plant species is an alternative approach to enhancing pasture production. Our objective was to estimate combining ability for native, warm-season grasses and legumes grown in binary mixtures in the field using a combining ability analysis of variance. Six monocultures and 15 binary mixtures of the following species were studied: big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vit.; Illinois bundleflower, Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM.; roundhead lespedeza, Lespedeza capitata Michx.; slender lespedeza, L. virginica (L.) Britt.; switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.; and indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash. General combining ability (GCA) effects were found for forage dry matter yields (DMY, P ≤ 0.05) of Illinois bundleflower (-1240 kg ha -1 ), roundhead lespedeza (-3460 kg ha -1 ), slender lespedeza (-3300 kg ha -1 ), and switchgrass (8370 kg ha -1 ). Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were found for DMY (P ≤ 0.1) of switchgrass-legume mixtures (1360 kg ha -1 ) and indiangrass-Illinois bundleflower mixtures (1230 kg ha -1 ). General combining ability and SCA effects were found for crude protein concentration (CPC) of all species and mixtures (P ≤ 0.1), respectively. General combining ability effects were found for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) for switchgrass and the three legume species (P ≤ 0.05). The compatibility of these species could not be predicted solely by DMYs. Compatible mixtures, however, were identified with greater confidence when other variables, such as CPC, IVDMD, and visual observations, were taken into account. On the basis of total forage protein (DMY times CPC), the only compatible grass-legume mixture was indiangrass-Illinois bundleflower (SCA effect = 100 kg ha -1 , P ≤ 0.05).
Light Beam Deflection Using Holographic Scanning Techniques

Holographic techniques provide a mechanically simple method for deflecting light beams through two-and three-dimensional scan patterns. One technique for producing a two-dimensional raster scan through the use of a one-dimensional circular motion is described in detail. To illustrate the feasibility of such devices, a two-dimensional holographic scanner has been fabricated and used to construct a simple closed-circuit television system.
Patient difficulty using tablet computers to screen in primary care.

Background Patient-administered computerized questionnaires represent a novel tool to assist primary care physicians in the delivery of preventive health care.