cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment, Economic Hardship, and Sources of Assistance in Low-Income, Single-Mother Families Before Versus During and After the Great Recession

Using two samples of low-income, single-mother families from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, this study examined differences in employment status before versus during and after the Great Recession. The authors also examined economic hardship and receipt of government and private assistance based on mothers' employment status within and between the two samples. During and after the Great Recession, experiencing certain employment problems is more common than in the prerecession months. However, in both periods, these families are vulnerable to economic problems, and receipt of public benefits is more common than private assistance. These findings vary by mothers' employment status.
Abstract 724: Systemic injection of fiber-redesigned oncolytic adenovirus eliminates tumorsin vivo

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Adenovirus (Ad) has been used as a platform of oncolytic viral agents. Unlike loco-regional therapy, systemic application of cancer gene therapy mandates different level of selectivity of gene delivery. Lack of tumor selectivity at the stage of infection has hampered the in vivo efficacy of systemic therapy. The controlled vector distribution and cancer selective transduction would overcome the obstacles for systemic delivery and enable efficient systemic treatment of cancer. AdML-VTIN was identified as a mesothelin (MSLN) targeted Ad by screening of high-diversity (109-level) Ad fiber mutant library. This AB-loop-redesigned Ad yielded a potent and selective infectivity to MSLN-positive pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) in vitro. In the examination of in vivo selectivity and anti-tumor effect, the intra-tumor injection of AdML-VTIN showed significant anti-tumor effect against Panc-1 tumors, and about half of the tumor disappeared. Contrarily, the same virus showed no anti-tumor effect in MiaPaCa-2 (MSLN-negative). Viral DNA quantitation supported the selective viral replication only in Panc-1. We compared organ distribution after intravenous injection to the nude mice with subcutaneous Panc-1 xenograft among AdML-VTIN, AdML-5WT (wild type Ad5 fiber), and AdML-GERS (against PC-3, prostate cancer cell). The liver sequestration of both AB-loop redesigned Ads were more than one order of magnitude lower than that with AdML-5WT at 1hr and 48 hrs after injection. At day 7, the viral copy number of AdML-VTIN in the tumor was more than 3 orders of magnitude higher that those with AdML-5WT. Next, systemic therapeutic effect was examined with same condition of vector distribution. In only VTIN group, tumor volume was significantly decreased, and about one-third of the tumor was eliminated at 15 days after the injection even though viral amount was pretty low (109vp/mouse). In this study, systemic injection of the AB-loop redesigned oncolytic Ad with VTIN motif that was identified by Ad library screening showed remarkable anti-tumor effect in spite of low viral amount. This new oncolytic Ad enabling systemic therapy may embody efficient treatment for pancreatic cancers which are mostly found with spread or metastatic lesions. Citation Format: Yoshiaki Miura, Mizuho Sato, Julia Davydova, Masato Yamamoto. Systemic injection of fiber-redesigned oncolytic adenovirus eliminates tumors in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 724. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-724
Ligand Substituent Effects on Ruthenium (III/II) Redox Properties: An Advanced Inorganic Laboratory Experiment

A convenient inorganic laboratory exercise is presented that exposes the student to the influences of ligand substituents on a metal center’s redox properties. Students prepare a series of compounds with the general formula [Ru(bpy)2(R1,R2mal)](PF6), where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine and R1,R2mal is an anionic β-diketone ligand with various R1 and R2 substituents. Each complex is prepared in a single synthetic step, and the Ru(III)/Ru(II) couple is characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The potential of the Ru(III)/Ru(II) couple shifts upon varying R1 and R2 from 0.64 to 1.10 volts vs. SSCE in the following order: (R1 = R2 = Me) < (R1 = R2 = Ph) < (R1 = Me, R2 = CF3) < (R1 = R2 = CF3). The inductive effects of the R substituents on the Ru(III)/Ru(II) couple are consistent with their electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties. Hammett constants for the substituents provide an approximate measure of these effects. A linear relationship is observed when the Hammett constants are plotted against the Ru(III)/Ru(II) potential. This laboratory exercise applies a versatile electroanalytical method, cyclic voltammetry, to measure the substituent effects on a metal center’s electron density. Student results of the syntheses and redox characterizations of a series of [Ru(bpy)2(R1,R2mal)]+ complexes are presented and discussed.
Mutations in and deletions of the Ca2+ channel-encoding gene cacophony, which affect courtship song in Drosophila, have novel effects on heartbeating.

The cacophony (cac) locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes the α-1 subunit of a voltage gated Ca2+ channel, termed Dmca1A. A subset of mutations at this locus cause characteristic alterations in the male mating song, manifest as polycyclic pulses with higher than normal amplitude. This phenotype has been postulated to result from disruption of an oscillator involving the cac-encoded channel, nearly identical to a model proposed for the pacemaker of the Drosophila heart. We report here that flies bearing two intragenic mutations that affect song, cacS and cacTS2, cause aberrant heartbeating. Hearts of both cacS and cacTS2 mutants beat significantly more rapidly than wild type and the heartbeat is more regular across temperature. Deletions of the cac gene, heterozygous with cac+, caused interestingly similar heartbeating anomalies. For the heart phenotypes, the mutations are dominant, unlike the effects of cacS on song. In sum, our results establish the hypothesis that the observed effects are a result of...
Generation scheduling with integral Constraints on fuel supplies

Abstract Fuel supplies for power system generation units have become more constrained as fossil fuels (especially oil and natural gas) have become more scarce. This paper addresses the issue of integral constraints on fuel supplies which limit the total available fuel energy for a specified time horizon. A comparison with existing methods of optimization is made.
As it Seems: Producing and Consuming Nightlife in the Postindustrial City

Brubaker, Rogers. 2004. Ethnicity Without Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. baker, Rogers, and Frederick Co per. 2000. "Beyon 'Identity,'," Theory and Society 29: 1-47. Garfinkel, Harold. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. of man, Erving. 59. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor Books. G f an, Erving. 1961. "Fun in G mes," In Erving Goffman, Encounte s: pp. 15-81. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. Goffman, Erving. 1974. Frame Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self and Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Schutz, Alfred. 1974. Collected Papers I: The Problem of Social Reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Clinical Epidemiology of Comorbid Dysthymia and Substance Disorder

The authors sought to determine the 1-year-period prevalence and demographic characteristics of comorbid substance-related disorder (SRD) and dysthymia, as well as the demographic characteristics of SRD-dysthymia patients as compared with SRD-only patients. Patients being treated at two university medical centers and abstinent less than 2 years were followed prospectively for 6 months to establish the diagnosis of dysthymia. A total of 642 patients were assessed, of whom 39 had SRD-dysthymia and 308 had SRD only. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and assessment of DSM Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. The 1-year prevalence rate was lower than noted in previous studies where there were less stringent criteria for dysthymia. The rate of dysthymia among these SRD patients closely resembled that observed in a general population study. SRD-dysthymia patients and SRD-only patients did not differ on most demographic characteristics. SRD-dysthymia is not easily detected among recovering SRD patients because of the need for lengthy observation and the absence of special demographic characteristics.
Evidence for a KATP ion channel link in the inhibition of hypercapnic dilation of pial arterioles by 7-nitroindazole and tetrodotoxin

7-Nitroindazole, an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, reportedly inhibits hypercapnic dilation, but tetrodotoxin, an inhibitor of neuronal transmission, reportedly does not. Thus, evidence does not uniformly support the hypothesis of a neurogenic link to the hypercapnic response. Others suggest the hypercapnic response is mediated by a K(ATP) ion channel. In the following studies, we observed that topically administered tetrodotoxin inhibited dilations produced by hypercapnia. In addition, topical tetrodotoxin and either topical or intraperitoneal 7-nitroindazole, inhibited dilations produced by the K(ATP) channel openers, cromakalim and pinacidil. Inhibition of hypercapnic dilation and inhibition of dilation by the openers of the K(ATP) channel was immediately reversed by either L-lysine or L-arginine, amino acids previously shown to facilitate opening of the channel. The data strongly supports the previous conclusion that there is a K(ATP) ion channel link in the response of pial arterioles to hypercapnia. The location of the channel is not established by these data, nor is it known whether the action of tetrodotoxin on the channel was direct or indirect.
Generation of High-Flux Attosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Continuum with a 20 Terawatt Laser

An XUV continuum is generated by high-order harmonic generation in argon with a 20 TW, sub-14-fs Ti:Sapphire laser using the generalized double optical gating technique. The XUV pulse energy is over 100 nJ at generation location.
A computer-oriented land use forecasting model with mapping capability

Abstract This paper describes the philosophy, algorithms, and implementation of a computer simulation model for land use forecasting, and the capability of generating maps of these forecasts. The model is applicable to SMSA's organized on a census tract basis by counties. The forecasts are macro to the census tract level for industrial, residential, commercial and public land uses. Modeling is based on an economic data base of the region, and is extremely flexible for the user. An example set of forecasts and maps is included for illustrative purposes.
Evaluation of real‐time PM2.5 forecasts and process analysis for PM2.5 formation over the eastern United States using the Eta‐CMAQ forecast model during the 2004 ICARTT study

[1] The performance of the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system in forecasting PM 2.5 and chemical species is assessed over the eastern United States with the observations obtained by aircraft (NOAA P-3 and NASA DC-8) and four surface monitoring networks (AIRNOW, IMPROVE, CASTNet and STN) during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) study. The results of the statistical analysis at the AIRNOW sites show that the model was able to reproduce the day-to-day and spatial variations of observed PM 2.5 and captured a majority (73%) of PM 2.5 observations within a factor of 2, with normalized mean bias of -21%. The consistent underestimations in regional PM 2.5 forecast at other networks (IMPROVE and STN) were mainly due to the underestimation of total carbonaceous aerosols at both urban and rural sites. The significant underestimation of the "other" category, which predominantly is composed of primary emitted trace elements in the current model configuration, is also one of the reasons leading to the underestimation of PM 2.5 at rural sites. The systematic overestimations of SO 2- 4 both at the surface sites and aloft, in part, suggest too much SO 2 cloud oxidation due to the overestimation of SO 2 and H 2 O 2 in the model. The underestimation of NH + 4 at the rural sites and aloft may be attributed to the exclusion of some sources of NH 3 in the emission inventory. The systematic underestimations of NO - 3 may result from the general overestimations of SO 2- 4 . Note that there are compensating errors among the underestimation of PM 2.5 species (such as total carbonaceous aerosols) and overestimation of PM 2.5 species (such as SO 2- 4 ), leading to generally better performance of PM 2.5 mass. The systematic underestimation of biogenic isoprene (by ∼30%) and terpene (by a factor of 4) suggests that their biogenic emissions may have been biased low, whereas the consistent overestimations of toluene by the model under the different conditions suggest that its anthropogenic emissions might be too high. The contributions of various physical and chemical processes governing the distribution of PM 2.5 during this period are investigated through detailed analysis of model process budgets using the integrated process rate (IPR) analysis along back trajectories at five selected locations in Pennsylvania and Georgia. The results show that the dominant processes for PM 2.5 formation and removal vary from the site to site, indicating significant spatial variability.
The Use of Mayan Scripture in the Americas’ First Christian Theology

This study examines the work of the Dominican Friar Domingo de Vico, specifically his theology of or for the “Indians,” the Theologia Indorum, written originally in K’iche’ Maya in 1553–1554. While scholarship in recent decades has focused on the first post-contact writings by autochthonous Americans, particularly the Popol Wuj, or Mayan “Council Book,” and the early impact of Hispano-Catholicism, little attention has been paid to the influence of indigenous religion on colonial Christianity. Therefore, this study critically examines the first use of Mayan myths in Christian literature for a more nuanced understanding of the mutual dynamics between missionaries and the missionized as well as the distinctions between missionary translation strategies in the early formative decades of first contact.
A Multi-Degree of Freedom System for Biomechanical Testing

A system is described that allows axial, torsional, and bending testing of biomechanical specimens. The system uses electric motors under closed loop control in its grips allowing application of pure bending moments. These grips attach to an axial/torsional testing system. Thus, it provides simultaneous closed loop control of all three degrees of freedom (D.O.F), so that under any given test condition either the loads or the displacements for each D.O.F. can be maintained at zero, selected constant values, or simultaneously controlled. This enables the expedient evaluation of the mechanical behavior of biological structures under complex loadings or simple loadings (one D.O.F.) with no artificially induced constraints in the other two D.O.F.’s due to specimen mounting.
Tracking changes in the external network model

In any interconnected system, each system has real-time access to its own measurements and topology, whereas the real-time external line status information is generally not easily accessible by the internal power system dispatcher. Since the static security analysis is highly dependent on the topology of external system, it is critical for the internal system operator to be aware of any external topology changes. Currently, information about the breaker status in the external system is not commonly telemetered to the internal system. Therefore, external line outage detection remains a potential problem to a large number of utility companies. This paper proposes a new method to identify an external network line outage based on the internal system measurements.
Intramolecular photocyclization of aryl vinyl sulfones

Abstract Photocyclizations of aryl vinyl sulfones at 254 nm are described. The photocyclizations proceed stereoselectively. Photochemical desufonylations of N-s
Role of weak zone orientation in continental lithosphere extension

[1] Lithosphere extension and continental breakup axes are often (sub-) parallel to orogenic belts and suture zones. In an attempt to understand the relation between weak zone orientation and extension direction, a 3-D numerical model is developed with which the following aspects are studied: the relation between weak zone axis and axis of maximum crustal deformation, the amount and distribution of crustal thinning, and subsequent implications for rift (a)symmetry. The results suggest that upon oblique extension, rifts develop within the weak zone that individually cross the inherited structure, while as a group they follow the weak trend. This results in an alternating rift asymmetry; the pattern of crustal thinning, topography and thermal structure are not symmetric around the rift axes of the major rift zones and change along-axis over such a rift. This is a possible explanation for alternating asymmetric rift structures such as observed in the East African Rift system.
Age-related mortality in blunt traumatic hemorrhagic shock: the killers and the life savers.

Abstract Background There are sparse data on the association between age and mortality in hemorrhagic shock (HS). We examined this association in this study. Materials and methods The Glue Grant database was analyzed. Patients aged ≥16 y with blunt traumatic HS were stratified into eight age groups (16–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 y) to identify the mortality inflection point. Subsequently, patients were restratified into young age (16–44 y), middle age (45–64 y), and elderly (≥65 y). Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of mortality by group. Results A total of 1976 patients were included, with mortality of 16%. Mortality by initial age group is as follows: 16–24 (13.0%), 25–34 (11.9%), 35–44 (11.9%), 45–54 (15.6%), 55–64 (15.7%), 65–74 (20.3%), 75–84 (38.2%), and ≥85 y (51.6%), delineating 65 y as the mortality inflection point. Overall, 55% were young, 30% middle age, and 15% elderly. Predictors of mortality in the young include multiple-organ dysfunction score (MODS; odds ratio [OR]: 1.93, confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–2.30), emergency room lactate (OR: 1.14, CI: 1.02–1.27), injury severity score (OR: 1.06, CI: 1.03–1.09), and cardiac arrest (OR: 10.60, CI: 3.05–36.86). Predictors of mortality in the middle age include MODS (OR: 1.38, CI: 1.24–1.53), cardiac arrest (OR: 12.24, CI: 5.38–27.81), craniotomy (OR: 5.62, CI: 1.93–16.37), and thoracotomy (OR: 2.76, CI: 1.28–5.98). In the elderly, predictors of mortality were age (OR: 1.07, CI: 1.02–1.13), MODS (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.26–1.72), laparotomy (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.02–4.08), and cardiac arrest (OR: 11.61, CI: 4.35–30.98). Open fixation of nonfemoral fractures was protective against mortality in all age groups. Conclusions In blunt HS, mortality parallels increasing age, with the inflection point at 65 y. MODS and cardiac arrest uniformly predict mortality across all age groups. Craniotomy and thoracotomy are associated with mortality in the middle age, whereas laparotomy is associated with mortality in the elderly.
Effect of cold dilute saline ingestions on evaporative weight loss of heat-exposed resting men.

SummaryIngestion of saline warmed to body temperature was accompanied by secretion of sweat that was more than ample to maintain body temperature. Ingestion of cold saline reduced sweat production and increased body heat storage. Since urine formation showed no consistent volume changes, increased production or action of antidiuretic hormone does not appear to be involved in this reduction of sweat secretion.
Automatic target recognition using neural networks

Many applications reported in artificial neural networks are associated with military problems. This paper reviews concepts associated with the processing of military data to find and recognize targets -- automatic target recognition (ATR). A general-purpose automatic target recognition system does not exist. The work presented here is demonstrated on military data, but it can only be considered proof of principle until systems are fielded and proven `under- fire.' ATR data can be in the form of nonimaging one-dimensional sensor returns, such as ultra-high range-resolution radar returns (UHRR) for air-to-air automatic target recognition and vibration signatures from a laser radar for recognition of ground targets. The ATR data can be two-dimensional images. The most common ATR images are infrared, but current systems must also deal with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Finally, the data can be three-dimensional, such as sequences of multiple exposures taken over time from a nonstationary world. Targets move, as do sensors, and that movement can be exploited by the ATR. Hyperspectral data, which are views of the same piece of the world looking at different spectral bands, is another example of multiple image data; the third dimension is now wavelength and not time. ATR system design usually consists of four stages. The first stage is to select the sensor or sensors to produce the target measurements. The next stage is the preprocessing of the data and the location of regions of interest within the data (segmentation). The human retina is a ruthless preprocessor. Physiologically motivated preprocessing and segmentation is demonstrated along with supervised and unsupervised artificial neural segmentation techniques. The third design step is feature extraction and selection: the extraction of a set of numbers which characterize regions of the data. The last step is the processing of the features for decision making (classification). The area of classification is where most ATR related neural network research has been accomplished. The relation of neural classifiers to Bayesian techniques is emphasized along with the more recent use of feature sequences to enhance classification. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Does a reduced sensitivity to bitter taste increase the risk of becoming nicotine addicted

Cigarette smoking appears to be on the increase in adolescents. The initiation of regular smoking nearly always begins before adulthood. It is therefore crucial to find ways of identifying those children most vulnerable to nicotine addiction and prioritizing them for preventive measures. We hypothesized that individuals who, in a simple taste test, perceive phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) as bitter may find the taste of cigarettes aversively bitter and could therefore have a reduced vulnerability to nicotine addiction compared to nontasters, who would be the group at greater risk of addiction. We studied 242 Plains American Indians, 136 women and 106 men aged 18-59 years, and found that (allowing for gender differences and the possible direct effects of smoking on taste) the proportion of PTC nontasters to tasters in smokers, even light smokers, was significantly greater than in both nonsmokers and social smokers (chi2= 15.875, 4 df; P=.003), suggesting that nontasters, who are not aversive to the bitter taste of cigarettes, may be more at risk for heavy smoking and therefore more vulnerable to nicotine addiction.
Light and electron microscopic observations of an intranucleolar body in nerve cells

An intranucleolar body, considered to be the equivalent of the “nucleololus” of the light microscopists, is described in light and electron microscopic preparations of nerve cells of the monkey (Macaca mulata) cerebellar cortex and in Englenu gracilis. It is distinct from other nucleolar of nuclear components both in its appearance and in its staining reactions. Electron micrographs show that it contains a compact meshwork of fine filaments and granules and that it has no limiting membrane. Cytochemical tests indicate that it contains neither DNA nor RNA although it stains readily for proteins and bound lipids. It is suggested that the “nucleololus” may be concerned in nucleolar protein synthesis.
Dexterous high-precision robotic wrist for micromanipulation

This paper describes the design and experimental validation of a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic wrist which enables high-precision, anthropomorphic motion suitable for both teleoperative and automated robotic micromanipulation tasks. The proposed parallel-platform based robotic wrist improves upon previous wrist designs by combining the mechanical stiffness and precision of conventional parallel-platform manipulators (PPMs) with the larger workspaces and more dexterous motion of serial chain manipulators (SCMs). This robotic wrist also includes a non-backdrivable actuation mechanism, a continuous tool rotation DOF which allows for non-anthropomorphic twisting motions necessary for drilling and screw mating, and a coaxial channel through which wires and tubes can pass. A dexterous wrist prototype demonstrates an angular motion resolution of 0.1° and a motion bandwidth of 3.0Hz over a motion range greater than that of the human wrist.
The influence of Lyn kinase on Na,K-ATPase in porcine lens epithelium

Na,K-ATPase is essential for the regulation of cytoplasmic Na+ and K+ levels in lens cells. Studies on the intact lens suggest activation of tyrosine kinases may inhibit Na,K-ATPase function. Here,...
The rdgB gene in drosophila: Retinal degeneration in different mutant alleles and inhibition of degeneration by norpA

Abstract We used histology, optical measurements of photoreceptor integrity and electrophysiology to characterize rdgB mutants of Drosophila which have hereditary retinal degeneration. We studied different mutant alleles of rdgB which had been reported to have differing receptor involvement in degeneration. However, we found similar profiles of degeneration: compound eye receptors R1-6 degenerate structurally over one week in a diurnal lighting cycle while R7/8 are preserved. We confirmed earlier findings that norpA transduction mutants inhibit degeneration in rdgB . Our micrographs show degeneration in the lamina (first synaptic neuropil) but none in the medulla (second synaptic neuropil).
Maximizing Iodine Contrast-to-Noise Ratios in Abdominal CT Imaging through Use of Energy Domain Noise Reduction and Virtual Monoenergetic Dual-Energy CT

The optimal iodine contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of virtual monoenergetic images with energy domain noise reduction was similar to or better than the CNR of single-energy CT images obtained with optimal tube potential.
Impact of pharmacist-led educational and error notification interventions on prescribing errors in a family medicine clinic

Abstract Objectives To determine the rate of prescribing errors in a family medicine clinic and the subsequent impact of pharmacist-led educational and error notification interventions on prescribing errors. Design Single site, pre–post study design. Setting An outpatient academic family medicine clinic serving pediatric and adult populations in Oklahoma from March 1, 2011, through April 30, 2012. Participants 24 resident physicians who prescribed medications during routine outpatient visits. Intervention A prescribing educational program, audit and feedback methods, and weekly newsletter. Main outcomes measure Percentage of prescription errors and physician error rate before and after intervention among pediatric and adult populations. Results During the two assessment periods, 24 resident physicians wrote 2,753 prescriptions for 394 pediatric and 899 adult patients. The overall percentage of prescription errors decreased from 18.6% during March 2011 to 14.5% during April 2012 ( P = 0.004). Errors were more commonly seen with prescriptions written for pediatric patients (24.9%) than for adult patients (13.9%) ( P = 0.001). Individual physician error rates ranged from 5% to 36% (mean ± SD 16.5% ± 8.1). Physicians committed significantly fewer prescribing errors during the postintervention assessment period (14.9%) than during the preintervention assessment period (20.9%) ( P = 0.002). Controlling for time, pediatric prescription error rates among physicians who participated in the educational intervention were 36% lower than the error rates among physicians who did not participate (rate ratio 0.64 [95% CI 0.45, 0.91], P = 0.01). Conclusion The pharmacist-led educational program was effective in reducing pediatric prescribing errors among resident physicians in a family medicine clinic.
The effects of non-transposition and earth return frequency dependence on transients due to high speed reclosing

The effects of modeling non-transposition and the frequency dependence of the earth return on switching surges caused by high speed reclosing operations are studied. Theoretical and experimental results are in close agreement. Comparisons are based on the probability density distribution of overvoltages and the consequences of the different modeling techniques are illustrated with a simple line design example.
Spontaneous disappearance of tumorigenicity in a polyoma virus-induced neoplasm carried in vitro.

SummaryA polyoma-induced cell line which spontaneously lost its tumor-causing capability while being passaged in vitro was described. This cell line retained both its appropriate H-2 alloantigen and its viral-related tumor antigen of transplantation type. The fortuitious observation of in vitro cross-reactivity between this cell line and a syngeneic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced tumor is discussed.
Exploring the Mechanism of Dhh1-Mediated Translational Repression

The yeast protein Dhh1, along with its orthologs in higher eukaryotes, have long been implicated in the regulation of protein expression by activation of mRNA decapping and subsequent degradation. More recent studies have argued that repression of protein production by Dhh1 occurs via a cap-independent mechanism.Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies using reporter assays and protein tethering, we show that translational repression by Dhh1 occurs concurrently with the formation of mRNA species “over-loaded” with ribosomes - or polyribosomes. Through these studies, we are further able to establish a minimal functional unit of Dhh1 - comprising only of the two central RecA domains - which is capable of engendering general translational repression.We are currently complementing these studies with high-throughput ribosome profiling analysis to ascertain the nature of Dhh1-mediated translational control across the genome with nucleotide resolution. These experiments will allow us both to look at endogenous genes affected by deletion or overexpression of Dhh1 and to look at reporter constructs again in the presence of tethered Dhh1 protein.
Assessment of computational models for sandwich panels and shells

Abstract A study is made of the effects of variation in the material and geometric parameters of curved sandwich panels on the accuracy of the static response predicted by nine different modeling appraoches based on two-dimensional shell theories. The standard of comparison is taken to be the exact three-dimensional thermoelasticity solutions, and the quantities compared include gross response characteristics (e.g. strain energy components, average through-the-thickness displacements and rotations); detailed, through-the-thickness distributions of displacements and stresses; and sensitivity coefficients of the response quantities (derivatives of response quantities with respect to material and geometric parameters of the sandwich structure). Extensive numerical studies are conducted to assess the accuracy of both the global and detailed response characteristics and their sensitivity coefficients obtained by nine two-dimensional modeling approaches. For accurate determination of detailed through-the-thickness distributions such as transverse stresses, either high-order discrete three-layer models or predictor-corrector approaches are required. The potential of predictor-corrector approaches for predicting the thermomechanical response of sandwich panels and shells with complicated geometry is also discussed.
Pre-service teachers’ experiences with advanced digital technologies: The interplay between technology in a pre-service classroom and in field placements

This paper reports on a study of 22 preservice teachers enrolled in a firstsemester mathematics teaching methods course. Course activities included participation in two separate field experiences in neighboring school districts. The methods class placed considerable emphasis on the use of advanced digital technologies in the teaching and learning of mathematics, with particularly extensive use of the TI-Nspire. The purpose of the study was to examine preservice teachers’ evolving relationships with advanced digital technologies in their teaching, examined through the lens of their technological pedagogical content knowledge (Koehler & Mishra, 2005; Niess 2005, 2006, 2007), and to examine the interplay between their field placements and the quality of their use of advanced digital technologies in inquiry-based lessons. The principal conclusion of the study is that there seems to be a crucial, perhaps decisive effect that modeling of exemplary practice in the field placement has on candidate attitudes regarding the use of advanced digital technologies in their teaching. There is evidence that the pre-service teachers' experiences in the classroom primed them for the possibilities of technology use but it takes the experiencing of exemplary practice to convince them of the benefits of working to incorporate technology in their own teaching.
Development of a Bacillus subtilis-Based Rotavirus Vaccine

Bacillus subtilis vaccine strains engineered to express either group A bovine or murine rotavirus VP6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. Mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of B. subtilis. To enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (CT) or a mutant form (R192G) of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (mLT) were included as adjuvants. To evaluate vaccine efficacy, the immunized mice were challenged orally with EDIM EW murine rotavirus and monitored daily for 7 days for virus shedding in feces. Mice immunized with either VP6 spore or VP6 vegetative cell vaccines raised serum anti-VP6 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers, whereas only the VP6 spore vaccines generated fecal anti-VP6 IgA ELISA titers. Mice in groups that were immunized with VP6 spore vaccines plus CT or mLT showed significant reductions in virus shedding, whereas the groups of mice immunized with VP6 vegetative cell vaccines showed no difference in virus shedding compared with mice immunized with control spores or cells. These results demonstrate that intranasal inoculation with B. subtilis spore-based rotavirus vaccines is effective in generating protective immunity against rotavirus challenge in mice.
The symptom experience of women with chronic illness.

The symptom experience of women with chronic illness Aim of the study: This integrative review examined how women interpret, cope with, and manage chronic illness symptoms. Background: Women with chronic illness report more symptoms and poorer physical health than men. They also enter the health care system later and sicker than their male counterparts. One possible reason for their increased morbidity and mortality is gender differences in interpreting and managing symptoms. Method: The inclusion criteria that guided this review were that: (a) the study was published between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1999; (b) participants were women with at least one chronic health problem; and (c) the study addressed symptom perception, symptom evaluation, and/or symptom management. Databases were searched using women, symptoms, chronic illness, coping, and research as key words. Findings: One hundred and ten published studies were reviewed, yielding 35 journal articles reporting on 32 separate studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified important gender differences in symptom experience. While studies of coping with symptoms are well represented in the literature, symptom strategies and the cultural meaning of symptoms are understudied. Conclusions: Five categories of practice implications emerged from the data. These included physical functioning, coping, self-care, roles and relationships, and socio-cultural issues. Within each category specific directions for nursing practice were developed.
Perceptual based stereoscopic content analysis using salient information, dense disparity maps, and modified random walk framework

Stereoscopic content analysis tools are needed in 3D movie production to create exciting 3D effects while maintaining the visual comfort of viewers. Working practices in 3D movie production show that the behavior of human perception plays an important rule for determining the degree of comfort of a 3D content. In this paper, we propose perceptual based methods for stereoscopic content analysis. A modified random walk framework is proposed for dense disparity map estimation. A static analyzer that is useful for distinguishing blurred objects from clear ones is used for analyzing static visual importance. And a dynamic salient analyzer that is useful for distinguishing objects with single move or repeat moves in video frames is used for analyzing dynamic visual importance. These methods give us the flexibility to combine human perceptual factors for stereoscopic content analysis.
HPC Productivity: An Overarching View

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program is focused on providing a new generation of economically viable high productivity computing systems for national security and for the industrial user community. The value of a high performance computing (HPC) system to a user includes many factors, such as execution time on a particular problem, software development time, direct hardware costs, and indirect administrative and maintenance costs. This special issue, which focuses on HPC productivity, brings together, for the first time, a series of novel papers written by several distinguished authors who share their views on this topic. The topic of productivity in HPC is very new and the authors have been encouraged to speculate. The goal of this first paper is to present an overarching context and framework for the other papers and to define some common ideas that have emerged in considering the problem of HPC productivity. In addition, this paper defines several characteristic HPC workflows that are useful for understanding how users exploit HPC systems, and discusses the role of activity and purpose benchmarks in establishing an empirical basis for HPC productivity.
Provably competitive adaptive routing

An ad hoc wireless network is an autonomous self-organizing system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links where nodes not in direct range communicate via intermediary nodes. Routing in ad hoc networks is a challenging problem as a result of highly dynamic topology as well as bandwidth and energy constraints. In addition, security is critical in these networks due to the accessibility of the shared wireless medium and the cooperative nature of ad hoc networks. However, none of the existing routing algorithms can withstand a dynamic proactive adversarial attack. The routing protocol presented in this work attempts to provide throughput-competitive route selection against an adaptive adversary. A proof of the convergence time of our algorithm is presented as well as preliminary simulation results.
Validation of a combi oven cooking method for preparation of chicken breast meat for quality assessment.

ABSTRACT: Quality assessment results of cooked meat can be significantly affected by sample preparation with different cooking techniques. A combi oven is a relatively new cooking technique in the U.S. market. However, there was a lack of published data about its effect on quality measurements of chicken meat. Broiler breast fillets deboned at 24-h postmortem were cooked with one of the 3 methods to the core temperature of 80 °C. Cooking methods were evaluated based on cooking operation requirements, sensory profiles, Warner–Bratzler (WB) shear and cooking loss. Our results show that the average cooking time for the combi oven was 17 min compared with 31 min for the commercial oven method and 16 min for the hot water method. The combi oven did not result in a significant difference in the WB shear force values, although the cooking loss of the combi oven samples was significantly lower than the commercial oven and hot water samples. Sensory profiles of the combi oven samples did not significantly differ from those of the commercial oven and hot water samples. These results demonstrate that combi oven cooking did not significantly affect sensory profiles and WB shear force measurements of chicken breast muscle compared to the other 2 cooking methods. The combi oven method appears to be an acceptable alternative for preparing chicken breast fillets in a quality assessment.
Evaluating Planned Organizational Change: A Method for Assessing Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Change

Three conceptually different types of change that can occur with self-report data were identified by Golembiewski, Billingsley, and Yeager [1976]. We review research on this topic and propose a new technique capable of indexing all three types of change at both individual and group levels of analysis.
Performance of group communication over ad-hoc networks

We study the performance of reliable and unreliable all-node broadcast over ad-hoc networks that use contention-based channel access. To obtain analytical results while preserving hidden-terminal and node clustering characteristics of ad-hoc networks, we introduce a novel differential-equation fluid model for information flow through a network of cluster trees, where a spanning tree joins groups of fully connected nodes. Through numerical analysis and simulations in GloMoSim, we show throughput, goodput, and loss rates for reliable and unreliable networks. For reliable broadcast, we also find NAK rates, NAK loss rates, and retransmission rates. We show that using end-to-end sequence numbers, which are common in reliable multicast, for NAK generation in ad-hoc networks creates substantial unnecessary traffic.
Somatic cell genetics and flow cytometry

Human genes coding cell surface molecules can be introduced into mouse host cells using a variety of somatic cell genetic techniques. Because these human gene products can be detected using indirect immunofluorescence on viable cells, the genes themselves can be monitored and manipulated using flow cytometry and sorting. In this paper, we review ways that we have used cell sorting to develop a somatic cell genetic analysis of the human cell surface.
Current Emotion Research in Linguistic Anthropology

Linguistic anthropologists have studied emotion in societies around the world for several decades. This article defines the discipline, introduces its general relevance to emotion theory, then presents five of the most important contributions linguistic anthropology has made to the study of emotion.
Fatigue of teflon bladder materials

The fatigue properties of Teflon laminates employed in the fabrication of liquid propellant expulsion bladders were studied by cyclically stretching specimens to constant load in order to achieve a correlation of cycles to failure versus the maximum stress amplitude. This approach provides a useful technique for evaluating the resistance of bladder materials to fatigue failure which could be caused by vibration-induced cyclic loadings during ground testing and launch. Further, the data provides for a direct comparison of the relative fatigue properties of Teflon laminates and, in particular for those which were studied, the relative fatigue properties correlated with their ultimate breaking stresses. This observation, which suggests a simple and rapid method for evaluating relative fatigue behavior of candidate Teflon laminates, is discussed along with the effect of delamination on the fatigue properties observed for one laminate.
Book Review: Helping Your Teenager Beat Depression: A Problem–Solving Approach for Families

Authors: Katharina Manassis and Anne Marie Levac Reviewer: Shirley Gerum, Center on Disability Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa Publisher: Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House, 2004 Paper, ISBN: 1-890627-49-6, 201 pages Cost: $19.95
Techno-Economic Assessment of Bioenergy in India

Energy, especially from fossil fuels, is a key ingredient for all sectors of a modern economy and plays a fundamental role in improving the quality of life in less developed economies. In 2001, India was ranked sixth in the world in terms of energy demand; accounting for 3.5% of total energy consumed, and is expected to grow at 4.8% in the future. India imports 70% of the oil it uses, and the country has been hit hard by the increasing price of oil, uncertainty and environmental hazards that are concerned with the consumption of fossil fuels. In such context, bioenergy constitute a suitable alternative source of energy for India, as large amounts of raw material are available to be harnessed. Among various options available for bioenergy, biodiesel, bioethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. India has approximately 50 million hectares of degraded wasteland that lie outside the areas demarcated as national forests, and another 34 million hectares of protected forest area, in much of which tree cover is severely degraded. A massive programme is needed to develop energy plantations consisting of oil seed species for biodiesel production and fast-growing tree crops for a national network of small, decentralized biomass gasifiers power plants. The irrigated cropped area could be used for sugarcane growing for bioethanol production. The present book reviews the status of technology in terms of cost and performance for biodiesel, bioethanol and biomass gasification in India and abroad. It also highlights barriers and constraints and technology interventions required for the development of these bioenergy options. It suggests policy interventions and action plan for the development and promotion of bioenergy in India.
Different oligomeric forms of protein phosphatase 2A activate and inhibit simian virus 40 DNA replication

The ability of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen to catalyze the initiation of viral DNA replication is regulated by its phosphorylation state. Previous studies have identified the free catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) as the cellular phosphatase which can remove inhibitory phosphoryl groups from serines 120 and 123. The catalytic C subunit exists in the cell complexed with a 65-kDa A subunit and one of several B subunits. To determine if any of the holoenzymes could activate T antigen, we tested the ability of the heterodimeric AC and two heterotrimeric ABC forms to stimulate T-antigen function in unwinding the origin of SV40 DNA replication. Only free catalytic subunit C and the heterotrimeric form with a 72-kDa B subunit (PP2A-T72) could stimulate T-antigen-dependent origin unwinding. Both the dimeric form (PP2A-D) and the heterotrimer with a 55-kDa B subunit (PP2A-T55) actively inhibited T-antigen function. We found that PP2A-T72 activated T antigen by dephosphorylating serines 120 and 123, while PP2A-D and PP2A-T55 inactivated T antigen by dephosphorylating the p34cdc2 target site, threonine 124. Thus, alterations in the subunit composition of PP2A holoenzymes have significant functional consequences for the initiation of in vitro SV40 DNA replication. The regulatory B subunits of PP2A may play a role in regulating SV40 DNA replication in infected cells as well.