cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extension of Stoney's Formula to Arbitrary Temperature Distributions in Thin Film/Substrate Systems

Current methodologies used for the inference of thin film stress through curvature measurements are strictly restricted to stress and curvature states that are assumed to remain uniform over the entire film/substrate system. By considering a circular thin film/ substrate system subject to nonuniform and nonaxisymmetric temperature distributions, we derive relations between the film stresses and temperature, and between the plate system’s curvatures and the temperature. These relations featured a “local” part that involves a direct dependence of the stress or curvature components on the temperature at the same point, and a “nonlocal” part that reflects the effect of temperature of other points on the location of scrutiny. Most notably, we also derive relations between the polar components of the film stress and those of system curvatures which allow for the experimental inference of such stresses from full-field curvature measurements in the presence of arbitrary nonuniformities. These relations also feature a “nonlocal” dependence on curvatures making full-field measurements of curvature a necessity for the correct inference of stress. Finally, it is shown that the interfacial shear tractions between the film and the substrate are related to the gradients of the first curvature invariant and can also be inferred experimentally. DOI: 10.1115/1.2744035
Two Models for Cavity Flow—A Theoretical Summary and Applications

A summary is given of two-dimensional, steady-state, nonlinear theory for two finite-cavity models and their solutions. Two applications are described. First, the influence of the foil’s depth of submersion below a free surface on cavity length and foil performance is described. Second, the effect of a blunt nose on a circular-arc hydrofoil is examined.
Steady-state response of conscious man to small expiratory resistive loads.

Abstract To determine the predominant steady-state ventilatory responses to mild expiratory flow-resistive loads, we subjected 14 normal subjects to expiratory resistances of 0–10 cm H 2 O/L?sec (R 0 –R 3 ). Breathing patterns and abdominal muscle activity (EMG) were recorded during quiet breathing, and whenm ventilation was augmented by dead space breathing (7 subjects) or treadmill walking (7 subjects). Expiratory loading increased expiratory time (T E ), tidal volume and mean inspiratory flow rate, while decreasing inspiratory duty cycle and respiratory frequency. Minute ventilation (V I ) remained constant. These load responses were most prominent during quiet breathing, and were attenuated or abolished as V I increased. Abdominal EMG was negligible during breathing, increased when V I increased, but showed no consistent response to R 1 –R 3 . Thus, the principal defense against mild expiratory loads is prolongation of expiration, accompanied by enhanced inspiratory drive. Abdominal muscle respiratory activity is elicited by increasing ventilation, but occurs only sporadically with expiratory loading of the magnitude studied.
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Background:Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important research tools in modern medicine. They serve to condense and clarify large amounts of data into resources that can educate clinicians, enhance patient care, help formulate clinical guidelines, and guide future research endeavors.Methods:
Disturbance Rejection Control in Coordinated Systems

Abstract Coordinated system control with realistic disturbance is studied. We employ coordinated vehicles as an working problem. Vehicles attempt to keep a specified formation while avoiding collision in the presence of disturbance such as a wind gust. State estimators are used to estimate the self-states and the states of interacting vehicles via communication channels. Estimation performance is incorporated into control design and plays a central role in control performance. A numerical design approach is used to overcome limited knowledge about the disturbance and noises. A case study is given to demonstrate central ideas of the paper.
NSD1 Mitigates Caspase-1 Activation by Listeriolysin O in Macrophages

Mammals and plants share pathogen-sensing systems named nod-like receptors (NLRs). Some NLRs form the inflammasome, a protein scaffold that regulates the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 by cleaving catalytically inactive substrates into mature cytokines. Here, we show an immune conservation between plant and mammalian NLRs and demonstrate that the murine nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1), a protein that bears similarity to the NLR regulator enhanced downy mildew 2 (EDM2) in Arabidopsis, diminishes caspase-1 activity during extracellular stimulation with Listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin O (LLO). EDM2 is known to regulate plant developmental processes, whereas NSD1 is associated with developmental disorders. We observed that NSD1 neither affects nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling nor regulates NLRP3 inflammasome gene expression at the chromatin, transcriptional or translational level during LLO stimulation of macrophages. Silencing of Nsd1 followed by LLO stimulation led to increased caspase-1 activation, enhanced post-translational maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and elevated pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation. Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with LLOW492A, which lacks hemolytic activity due to a tryptophan to alanine substitution in the undecapeptide motif, indicates the importance of functional LLO for NSD1 regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, our results indicate that NLR signaling in plants may be used for gene discovery in mammals.
Invariants for one-dimensional cohomology classes arising from TQFT

Abstract Let (V, Z) be a Topological Quantum Field Theory over a field f defined on a cobordism category whose morphisms are oriented n + 1-manifolds perhaps with extra structure (for example a p1 structure and banded link). Let (M, χ) be a closed oriented n + 1-manifold M with this extra structure together with χ ϵ H1(M). Suppose χ: H1(M) → Z is an epimorphism. Let M∞ denote the infinite cyclic cover of M given by χ. Consider a fundamental domain E for the action of the integers on M∞ bounded by lifts of a surface Σ dual to χ, and in general position. E can be viewed as a cobordism from Σ to itself. We give Turaev and Viro's proof of their theorem that the similarity class of the nonnilpotent part of Z(E) is an invariant. We give a method to calculate this invariant for the (Vp, Zp) theories of Blanchet, Habegger, Masbaum and Vogel when M is 0-framed surgery to S3 along a knot K. We give a formula for this invariant when K is a twisted double of another knot. We obtain formulas for the quantum invariants of branched covers of knots, and unbranched covers of 0-surgery to S3 along knots. We study periodicity among the quantum invariants of Brieskorn manifolds. We give an upper bound on the quantum invariants of branched covers of fibered knots. We also define finer invariants for pairs (M, χ) for TQFTs over Dedekind domains. We use these ideas to study isotopy invariants of banded links in S1 × S2.
The impact of footwear and packweight on injury and illness among long-distance hikers.

Objective.—To determine the prevalence and predictors of injury and illness among long-distance hikers. Methods.—This was a cross-sectional study of long-distance hikers (.500 miles [805 km]) along the Appalachian Trail and Pacific Crest Trails between August and October of 2006. An 8-page survey instrument was made available to hikers at a designated station near the northern terminus of the respective trails. The survey questions were yes/no or multiple choice. Independent variables included packweight, footwear, and type and frequency of water purification. x 2 tests to compare categorical data and the Cochran-Armitage test for trend were used (P , .05 significant). We used logistic regression to compare the variables concurrently, and significance was determined using likelihood ratio tests. Profile likelihood confidence intervals for the odds ratios are reported. Results.—Of the 128 hikers completing surveys that met inclusion criteria, the mean age was 33 years (range 5 18–65 years), 94% walked .1500 miles (2400 km), and 70% were male. Using univariate analysis, trends were noted in the proportion of hikers reporting paresthesias and increasing packweight (35% with 10–20 pound [4.5–9 kg] packs, 50% with 21–30 pound [9.5–13.5 kg] packs, and 69% with .31 pound [14 kg] packs [P , .002]), as well as in the proportion of hikers reporting paresthesias and increasing footwear rigidity (29% sandals, 36% running shoes, 42% hiking shoes, and 68% hiking boots [P , .001]). In multivariate analysis compared to sandals, the odds ratio of suffering from paresthesias with running shoes was 1.57 (95% CI 0.3, 12.2), hiking shoes 1.73 (95% CI 0.3, 13.9), and hiking boots 3.9 (95% CI 0.7, 32.1) (P 5 .16). Compared to 10 to 20 pound (4.5–9 kg) packs, the odds ratios of suffering from paresthesias with 21 to 30 pound (9.5–13.5 kg) packs was 1.5 (95% CI 0.6, 3.9), and for .31 pounds (14 kg) was 2.2 (CI 0.7, 7.1) (P 5 .03). Adjusting for footwear and pack weight, only pack weight was significantly associated with paresthesias. Packweight and footwear were not significantly associated with other musculoskeletal injuries, such as joint sprains or chronic pain, and muscle injuries. Conclusions.—There is an association between packweight and the prevalence of paresthesias among long-distance hikers. The association between type of footwear and the prevalence of paresthesias is significant when analyzed independently, but loses its significance when the variables are examined together. This suggests that there is confounding between footwear and packweight.
Sequence comparisons reveal two classes of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

Both in eukaryotes and in archaebacteria the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (E.C. 1.1. 1.34) is known to catalyze an early reaction unique to isoprenoid biosynthesis. In humans, the HMG-CoA reductase reaction is rate-limiting for the biosynthesis of cholesterol and therefore constitutes a prime target of drugs that reduce serum cholesterol levels. Recent advances in genome sequencing that permitted comparison of 50 HMG-CoA reductase sequences has revealed two previously unsuspected classes of this enzyme. Based on sequence and phylogenetic considerations, we propose the catalytic domain of the human enzyme and the enzyme from Pseudomonas mevalonii as the canonical sequences for Class I and Class II HMG-CoA reductases, respectively. These sequence comparisons have revealed, in addition, that certain true bacteria, including several human pathogens, probably synthesize isoprenoids by reactions analogous to those of eukaryotes and that there therefore exist two distinct pathways for isoprenoid biogenesis in true bacteria.
A Review of Droplet Dynamics and Vaporization Modeling for Engineering Calculations

The present paper reviews the methodologies for representing the droplet motion and vaporization history in two-phase flow computations. The focus is on the use of droplet models that are realistic in terms of their efficient implementation in comprehensive spray simulations, representation of important physical processes, and applicability under a broad range of conditions. The methodologies available at present to simulate droplet motion in complex two-phase flows may be broadly classified into two categories. First one is based on the modified BBO equation. This approach is more comprehensive, but requires modifications and/or correlations at higher droplet Reynolds number. The second approach aims at developing correlations, using detailed numerical simulations or laboratory experiments, for the effects of flow nonuniformity and droplet relative acceleration on the instantaneous drag and lift coefficients. Recent advances made in the droplet vaporization models are also discussed. The advanced vaporization models include the effects of transient liquid heating, gas-phase convection, and variable thermophysical properties. All of these models are discussed, and recommendations are made for their inclusion in comprehensive two-phase computations.
REACTIONS TO RESUMES AS A FUNCTION OF RESUME DETERMINATENESS, APPLICANT CHARACTERISTICS, AND SEX OF RATERS

Six male and six female personnel professionals were presented with resumes in which sex, age, marital status, and academic achievement were systematically varied. The study examined the hypothesis that resume determinateness is positively related to the evaluation given to the resume by prospective employers. The provision of ambiguous information was found to distort the evaluation process but not in a consistent manner. Married males and females were evaluated more positively than were those who were single. Also married females with high academic status were evaluated more positively than were married males with high academic status, although there were no differences for single males and females. Female raters showed a tendency to be more stringent than males in their evaluations, and this effect was pronounced for older, married applicants. The study examines the implications of these results and makes suggestions for future research.
Aluminum Stock and Flows in U.S. Passenger Vehicles and Implications for Energy Use

Summary In this article, a methodology to model the annual stock and flows of aluminum in a key end-use sector in the United States—passenger vehicles—from 1975‐2035 is described. This dynamic material flow model has enabled analysis of the corresponding energy embodied in automotive aluminum as well as the cumulative aluminum production energy demand. The former was found to be significant at 2.6 × 10 9 gigajoules (GJ) in year 2008 under baseline assumptions. From 2008‐ 2035, the cumulative energy required to produce aluminum to be used in vehicles is estimated at 7.8 × 10 9 GJ. Although the automotive aluminum stock is expected to increase by 1.8 times by 2035, the corresponding energy embodied is not expected to grow as rapidly due to efficiency improvements in aluminum processing over time. The model’s robustness was tested by checking the sensitivity of the results to variations in key input assumptions, including future vehicle sales, lifetimes, and scrap recovery. Sensitivity of energy embodied in automotive aluminum to changes in aluminum production efficiency and aluminum applications within the vehicle were also explored. Using more recycled aluminum or improving the energy efficiency of aluminum production at a faster rate can lower production energy demands. However, aggressive and sustained changes are needed beginning today to achieve meaningful reductions. This may potentially be countered by increased use of stamped aluminum in vehicles.
Institutionalizing Children and Adolescents in Private Psychiatric Hospitals

Admissions of children and adolescents to private psychiatric hospitals have been increasing more and more rapidly in recent years. However, the increasing use of inpatient treatment is not consistent with current theory and research about the mental health needs of children and adolescents; often inpatient treatment cannot be justified on the basis of the admitting diagnosis. Hospitalization has an array of negative effects and is less effective in terms of treatment outcome and cost when compared with community-based alternatives. High rates of admissions continue because of changes in the juvenile justice law, insurance practices, lack of legal protection for youths and children, inappropriate government policy, and the growth and practices of for-profit hospitals. Implications for social policy and social work practice are discussed.
Phenomenology and the Consequences of Postmodernity

Today we want to address the consequences of postmodernism for phenomenological thought. Throughout its illustrious and influential history in twentieth century philosophy, phenomenology has been called upon to do battle on a number of different fronts. In launching his phenomenological project, Edmund Husserl identified his main enemies to be naturalism and historicism and sought to combat them with the arsenal of “philosophy as a rigorous science”.1 During the post-World War II period phenomenological philosophy encountered another philosophical contingent, which at times was perceived as foe and at other times as friend. This contingent was deployed under the flag of existentialism. The confrontation of existentialism with phenomenology, and particularly transcendental phenomenology, was at times rather spirited; but in the course of philosophical events overtures toward collaboration, and even merger, were made. This turned out to be the case particularly in the “existential phenomenology” of Maurice Merleau-Ponty.2
A method for overvoltage protection of a motor driver IC

This paper describes a circuit technique that allows semiconductor power devices to be safely used in an IC whose worst-case voltage requirements exceed the breakdown voltages of the power devices. The supply voltage is sensed and the circuit is placed into a non-operational but safe mode of operation (Turtle Mode/spl trade/). Device data is shown for a hard disk drive servo IC implementing this technique.
A nanoplasmonic molecular ruler for measuring nuclease activity and DNA footprinting.

Interactions between nucleic acids and proteins are essential to genetic information processing. The detection of size changes in nucleic acids is the key to mapping such interactions, and usually requires substrates with fluorescent, electrochemical or radioactive labels1,2,3. Recently, methods have been developed to tether DNA to highly water-soluble Au nanoparticles4,5,6,7,8, and nanoparticle pairs linked by DNA have been used to measure nanoscale distances9. Here we demonstrate a molecular ruler in which double-stranded DNA is attached to a Au nanoparticle. The change in plasmon resonance wavelength of individual Au–DNA conjugates depends on the length of the DNA and can be measured with subnanometre axial resolution. An average wavelength shift of approximately 1.24 nm is observed per DNA base pair. This system allows for a label-free, quantitative, real-time measurement of nuclease activity and also serves as a new DNA footprinting platform, which can accurately detect and map the specific binding of a protein to DNA.
Testosterone’s Negative Relationship With Empathic Accuracy and Perceived Leadership Ability:

Two studies examine the relationship between naturally occurring levels of circulating testosterone and empathic accuracy. In Study 1, the authors find that higher endogenous levels of testosterone...
Re‐Collection: A Proposal for Refining the Study of Collective Memory and its Places

This article outlines a theory of re-collection as a means of enhancing and enriching the study of collective memory. Re-collection seeks to generate insights into two underdeveloped threads of collective memory research: (a) its processual and dynamic nature and (b) its largely emplaced character. In particular, this article argues that places of memory are not finished texts, but sites of re-collection in which individuals and groups selectively cull and organize re-collected versions of the past. Grounded in Michael McGee’s concept of rhetorical fragments, the theory of re-collection involves attending to discursive fragments of memory that circulate within and around the memory site—as well as the fragments brought to the site by individuals and collectives. Re-collection thus requires analytical tools beyond those traditionally used in rhetorical criticism—as is illustrated in a case study proposal for exploring the process of re-collection surrounding the Space Window in Washington National Cathedral.
Physically similar systems: A history of the concept

The concept of similar systems arose in physics and appears to have originated with Newton in the seventeenth century. This chapter provides a critical history of the concept of physically similar systems , the twentieth century concept into which it developed. The concept was used in the nineteenth century in various fields of engineering (Froude , Bertrand, Reech ), theoretical physics (van der Waals , Onnes , Lorentz , Maxwell , Boltzmann ), and theoretical and experimental hydrodynamics (Stokes , Helmholtz , Reynolds , Prandtl , Rayleigh ). In 1914, it was articulated in terms of ideas developed in the eighteenth century and used in nineteenth century mathematics and mechanics: equations, functions, and dimensional analysis. The terminology physically similar systems was proposed for this new characterization of similar systems by the physicist Edgar Buckingham . Related work by Vaschy , Bertrand, and Riabouchinsky had appeared by then. The concept is very powerful in studying physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. As it is not currently a part of the core curricula of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM ) disciplines or philosophy of science, it is not as well known as it ought to be.
Critical Literacy, Digital Literacies, and Common Core State Standards: A Workable Union?

In this article, the authors consider ways teachers can bring critical literacy into the classroom using Common Core State Language Arts Standards as a starting point and examining an 11th grader's response to a critical literacy assignment. Furthermore, they explore how teachers can use digital tools to introduce meaningful critical literacy without simply domesticating either of them. The authors conclude by suggesting ways that critical literacy can be used to make both digital literacies and standards seem more relevant to students.
Assembly of Nanoparticles and Nanoelectrodes on Nanoinjection Molded Polymer Templates

This paper presents a mass-producible method for fabricating nanoparticle assemblies and nanoelectrodes using nanoinjection molded polymer templates. Results are demonstrated for assembly of silica nanoparticles and silver nanoelectrodes on cyclic olefin copolymers (COC) with 375 nm resolution. This method offers an innovative low-cost, high-throughput approach to nano-scale assembly for applications in photonic, electronic and biomedical devices.
Exploring weathering and regolith transport controls on Critical Zone development with models and natural experiments

The architecture of the Critical Zone, including mobile regolith thickness and depth to the weathering front, is first order controlled by advance of a weathering front at depth and transport of sediment at the surface. Differences in conditions imposed by slope aspect in the Gordon Gulch catchment of the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory present a natural experiment to explore these interactions. The weathering front is deeper and saprolite more decayed on north-facing than on south-facing slopes. Simple numerical models of weathering front advance, mobile regolith production, and regolith transport are used to test how weathering and erosion rates interact in the evolution of weathered profiles. As the processes which attempt are being made to mimic are directly tied to climate variables such as mean annual temperature, the role of Quaternary climate variation in governing the evolution of Critical Zone architecture can be explored with greater confidence.
Genomic regions controlling vernalization and photoperiod responses in oat

Oat genotypes vary for photoperiod and vernalization responses. Vernalization often promotes earlier flowering in fall-sown but not spring-sown cultivars. Longer photoperiods also promote earlier flowering, and the response to longer photoperiods tends to be greater in cultivars from higher latitudes. To investigate the genetic basis of photoperiod and vernalization responses in oat, we mapped QTLs for flowering time under four combinations of photoperiod and vernalization treatments in the Ogle × TAM O-301 mapping population in growth chambers. We also mapped QTLs for flowering time in early spring and late-spring field plantings to determine the genetic basis of response to early spring planting in oat. Three major flowering-time QTLs (on linkage groups OT8, OT31 and OT32) were detected in most conditions. QTLs with smaller effects on flowering were less-consistently observed among treatments. Both vernalization-sensitive and insensitive QTLs were discovered. Longer photoperiod or vernalization alone tended to decrease the effects of flowering-time QTLs. Applied together, longer photoperiod and vernalization interacted synergistically, often on the same genomic regions. Earlier spring planting conferred an attenuated vernalization treatment on seeds. The major flowering-time QTLs mapped in this study matched those mapped previously in the Kanota × Ogle oat mapping population. Between these two studies, we found a concordance of flowering-time QTLs, segregation distortion, and complex genetic linkages. These effects may all be related to chromosomal rearrangements in hexaploid oat. Comparative mapping between oat and other grasses will facilitate molecular analysis of vernalization response in oat.
Autism spectrum disorder in Down syndrome: cluster analysis of Aberrant Behaviour Checklist data supports diagnosis.

Background The diagnostic validity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been challenged in Down syndrome (DS), because of the high prevalence of cognitive impairments in this population. Therefore, we attempted to validate DSM-based diagnoses via an unbiased categorisation of participants with a DSM-independent behavioural instrument. Methods Based on scores on the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist – Community, we performed sequential factor (four DS-relevant factors: Autism-Like Behaviour, Disruptive Behaviour, Hyperactivity, Self-Injury) and cluster analyses on a 293-participant paediatric DS clinic cohort. The four resulting clusters were compared with DSM-delineated groups: DS + ASD, DS + None (no DSM diagnosis), DS + DBD (disruptive behaviour disorder) and DS + SMD (stereotypic movement disorder), the latter two as comparison groups. Results Two clusters were identified with DS + ASD: Cluster 1 (35.1%) with higher disruptive behaviour and Cluster 4 (48.2%) with more severe autistic behaviour and higher percentage of late onset ASD. The majority of participants in DS + None (71.9%) and DS + DBD (87.5%) were classified into Cluster 2 and 3, respectively, while participants in DS + SMD were relatively evenly distributed throughout the four clusters. Conclusions Our unbiased, DSM-independent analyses, using a rating scale specifically designed for individuals with severe intellectual disability, demonstrated that DSM-based criteria of ASD are applicable to DS individuals despite their cognitive impairments. Two DS + ASD clusters were identified and supported the existence of at least two subtypes of ASD in DS, which deserve further characterisation. Despite the prominence of stereotypic behaviour in DS, the SMD diagnosis was not identified by cluster analysis, suggesting that high-level stereotypy is distributed throughout DS. Further supporting DSM diagnoses, typically behaving DS participants were easily distinguished as a group from those with maladaptive behaviours.
Prospective Assessment of Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Cognitive Functioning: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Studies of humans have not confirmed the suggestion from animal studies that estrogen replacement therapy may have an inverse relation with cognitive function decline. Because many of these studies have been marred by design or methodological problems, such as a small sample size, failure to control for confounding variables, or the use of a cross-sectional design, the present study was conducted in a large cohort of middle-aged postmenopausal women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The study population consisted of 2,859 women aged 48-67 years, whose cognitive function was tested at the second (1990-1992) and fourth (1996-1998) visits of the ARIC Study using three instruments: the Delayed Word Recall Test, Digit Symbol Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and Word Fluency Test. After multiple adjustment, no consistent patterns of cognitive changes between the two cohort visits could be detected according to current use or duration of use of estrogen replacement therapy. Thus, the results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that estrogen replacement therapy may slow age-related cognitive decline, at least as it applies to relatively young postmenopausal women.
Mostly analog disk drive read channel with practical depth-of-two fixed delay tree search

A new read-channel arrangement for use with d=1 codes equalizes the input to extended partial response IV (EPR4) for clock recovery, and follows this with a new realization of a fixed delay tree search with decision feedback detector with search depth of two. The detector and a discrete-time phase detector for clock recovery share a five-tap finite-impulse response forward equalizer. Clock recovery from EPR4 is fast, while forward and feedback equalizers need no adaptation of tap weights. The read channel, originally developed for a rate-4/5 X{101} code, is extended to the more efficient rate-6/7 maximum-transition-run (MTR) codes. The detector consists of a conventional decision feedback equalizer, assisted by an error-correction circuit to sense and eliminate the major error events, thus performing as well as tree search with depth of two. With MTR code, the read channel outperforms EPR4 with Viterbi detection by 1 dB.
Activity and Residues of Imidacloprid Applied to Soil and Tree Trunks to Control Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Forests

Abstract We studied imidacloprid application methods and timing to control the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in forests. The methods compared were 1) soil injection near the trunk; 2) soil injection dispersed throughout the area under the canopy; 3) soil drench near the base of the trunk; and trunk injection with the 4) Arborjet, 5) Wedgle, and 6) Mauget systems. The applications were made in the fall and the following spring. Adelgid populations on the hemlocks (Tsuga spp.) were assessed in the fall of two successive years after the treatments. Relative to the untreated control trees, all the soil applications resulted in population reductions, but none of the trunk injections resulted in reductions. Fall and spring treatment efficacy did not differ. Reductions by the soil treatments were between 50 and 100% (avg 80%) by the first fall and 83–100% (avg 98.5%) by the second fall. Analysis of imidacloprid residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found residue...
Real-time energy prediction for a milling machine tool using sparse Gaussian process regression

This paper describes a real-time data collection framework and an adaptive machining learning method for constructing a real-time energy prediction model for a machine tool. To effectively establish the energy consumption pattern of a machine tool over time, the energy prediction model is continuously updated with new measurement data to account for time-varying effects of the machine tool, such as tool wear and machine tool deterioration. In this work, a real-time data collection and processing framework is developed to retrieve raw data from a milling machine tool and its sensors and convert them into relevant input features. The extracted input features are then used to construct the energy prediction model using Gaussian Process (GP) regression. To update the GP regression model with real-time streaming data, we investigate the use of sparse representation of the covariance matrix to reduce the computational and storage demands of the GP regression. We compare computational efficiency of sparse GP to that of full GP regression model and show the effectiveness of the sparse GP regression model for tracking the variation in the energy consumption pattern of the target machine.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRICE AND QUALITY OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY AND THE UNITED STATES(1968 TO 1984)

This study investigates the relationship between price and quality, in four consumer product categories, in two major world markets. The product categories included in the analysis-major appliances, housewares, consumer electronics, and photography equipment-have experienced a considerable increase in international competition in both the respective market areas. The results of the study, which included approximately 25,000 brands, indicate that the two market areas have similar price-quality relationships. The second objective of the study examined the relationship between price variation and price level on the strength of the price-quality correlation.
Validity and Media-Derived Protest Event Data: Examining Relative Coverage Tendencies in Mexican News Media *

*† This essay engages the debate over the validity of media-derived protest data through an assessment of event coverage for three Mexico news sources. With a focus on “relative”—as opposed to “absolute”—coverage tendencies, it is argued that certain coverage tendencies in news sources can be identified and, in turn, incorporated as controls into more substantive analyses of protest phenomena. Specifically, this analysis finds that that, for the Mexico media, claims that coverage is representative of all protest events is dubious with respect to the overall population of specific events and to the geographic distribution of events. At the same time, it is shown that tendencies driven by regional biases, chronology, event size, event targets, and event issues can be exposed and identified through a simple comparison of the principal media source to one or more others. It has been well-documented that media sources possess inherent and problematic selection and reporting biases. Despite this, event-centered studies of collective action and protest have continued to rely on the news media as their principal source of data for decades. 1 Some studies acknowledge this disconnect between theory and practice but leave its implications unaddressed. These tend to assert that the need to answer collective action questions requires that some source of data be utilized and that, despite its limitations, the media is the best available source. Others have more rigorously sought to assess the severity of the problem and the extent to which data validity is compromised. One such argument is that while mediaderived data may not produce complete event populations, they are adequately representative samples of these (Koopmans 1998). Another is that the degree to which the validity of mediaderived data is compromised falls within ranges considered tolerable for other data sources in the broader discipline of sociology (Earl, Martin, McCarthy, and Soule 2004). But skeptics remain. In the most thorough review of the debate to date, Ortiz, Myers, Walls, and Diaz (2005) argue that drawing on data derived from biased media coverage leads to distorted findings. They also point out that coverage biases are likely to be unstable over time, even when understood at one moment, and that very seldom does a project focused on protest and based on media-derived data give adequate analytical consideration to possible biases in those data. The gap between theory and practice remains, they contend, and they issue an emphatic appeal for future research that deliberately examines data biases and incorporates these into analyses. In this essay I examine protest-related coverage tendencies in three Mexico news sources—two major newspapers and a national news agency—in order to engage the aforementioned debate over the viability of media-derived data for protest research. The findings presented here extend this discussion in three ways. First, I argue that the call issued by Ortiz and colleagues for development of a deeper understanding of data sources can be partially
PT -symmetric Rabi model: Perturbation theory

We study a non-Hermitian version of the Rabi model, where a two-level system is periodically driven with an imaginary-valued drive strength, leading to alternating gain and loss. In the Floquet picture, the model exhibits $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, which can be broken when the drive is sufficiently strong. We derive the boundaries of the $\mathcal{PT}$ phase diagram for the different resonances by doing perturbation theory beyond the rotating-wave approximation. For the main resonance, we show that the non-Hermitian analog of the Bloch-Siegert shift corresponds to maximal $\mathcal{PT}$ breaking. For the higher-order resonances, we capture the boundaries to lowest order. We also solve the regime of high frequency by mapping to the Wannier-Stark ladder. Our model can be experimentally realized in waveguides with spatially modulated loss or in atoms with time-modulated spontaneous decay.
Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Four Bioderived Aviation Fuels

Compressed-liquid densities and ambient-pressure densities and speeds of sound of four biomass-derived fuels have been measured. The compressed-liquid measurements were made from (270 to 470) K and (0.5 to 50) MPa. The ambient-pressure measurements were made from (278 to 343) K. Compressed-liquid density data at 10 MPa and below were extrapolated to 0.083 MPa and, in combination with the ambient-pressure data, fitted to a Rackett equation, to allow comparison of the two sources of data. Additionally, the compressed-liquid density data have been correlated to a Tait equation, and parameters are given for each fuel.
Evolution of the Therav?da Buddhist Idea of ‘Merittransference’ to the Dead, and its Role in Sri Lankan Buddhist Culture

The practice of merit-transference in Sri Lankan Therav?da Buddhism has evolved over three important stages of development, namely, assigning of dakkhi??, giving of patti, and direct transferring of merit. These stages are generally understood as similar practices but are significantly different from each other. It is not the merit but the meritorious act that is dedicated to, or shared with the departed ones in first two stages. Pattid?na, in this context, does not strictly mean giving merit or giving what is obtained or achieved, as it has so far been interpreted, but giving a share of or stake in the ownership of a meritorious act. It is in the third stage that the idea of merit-transference appeared in Buddhist practice in Sri Lanka. Understanding this historical development is important for interpreting Buddhist texts in their historical contexts as well as for realizing the larger role assigned to the living in the contemporary practice of merit-transference (pu?y?numodan?/ pin anumodan-/ pin d?ma) and its influence on other arena of social and cultural life in Sri Lanka. This idea of merit-transference transformed mourning and sorrowful funerals into merit-making events. Practices related to this idea of merit-transference also successfully fulfill the psychological needs of the living to assist departed relatives and to maintain some form of relationship with them. It also allowed local beliefs to be assimilated into the Buddhist fold and shaped the social structure of the living, particularly the lay-monastic relationship.
On the structure of an unsteady convecting mushy layer

Nonlinear time dependent natural convection in a mushy layer during solidification of a binary alloy is investigated. Asymptotic and scaling analyses are applied to convective flow within the mushy layer and in cylindrical chimneys with small radiusa. Various results in four distinctly identified regimes, corresponding to high or low Prandtl number melt and strongly or weakly time dependent flow, are determined. In particular, it is found that strongly time dependent flow can provide non-vertical chimneys, and for weakly time dependent flow of a low Prandtl number melt vertical chimneys are possible only for sufficiently smalla.
Results of ophthalmic examinations of 29 alpacas

Analysis of the results of ophthalmic examinations of 29 alpacas (Lama pacos) revealed a direct relationship among coat color, iris color, and ocular fundus pigmentation. Alpacas with light-pigmented coats had iris color that included combinations of gray, blue, and brown, and had reduced pigmentation of the ocular fundi. Alpacas with dark coats had brown irides and pigmented ocular fundi. Eleven alpacas had evidence of ophthalmic conditions, including bilateral conjunctivitis (1); formation of a superficial corneal scar (1); formation of posterior synechiae and anterior cataracts (4); development of a deep corneal scar with anterior synechiae, buphthalmia, a subluxated lens, and cataracts (1); development of focal incipient primary cataracts (2); formation of vitreous opacities (1); and development of a unilateral optic nerve coloboma (1).
Visualizing concept space of course content

This research presents visualization model to introduce learning knowledge according to pedagogical relation of the concepts. In a course normally we covered hundred of concepts with interesting relationship. For the current study, we take a computer science course “Data Structure” and show some interesting aspects of the relationship of the concepts. The pedagogical relation involved of three bases: the syllabus relation dimension, the ontology relation dimension, and the dimension of the cognitive skills levels of the concepts. The cognitive skills levels means comprehension in term of verbs connect between the concepts and obtains prerequisite relation between the concepts such that, to understand, or apply, or analyze, etc. a particular concept the prerequisite concepts should be known.
A wearable ultra‐wideband antenna for wireless body area networks

In this article, a compact and planar wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is designed and characterised for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The antenna is designed and fabricated on two different substrates: a thin and flexible high-end RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (h = 0.381 mm) and a low-end FR4 substrate (h = 1.6 mm) having fabricated antenna dimensions of 86 mm × 72 mm and 75 mm × 61 mm, respectively. The dimensions of the proposed design for both the substrates are calculated using the well-known transmission-line model. The antennas are simulated using ADS momentum and CST microwave studio for evaluation of work using two different modelling techniques. The antenna structure consists of a rectangular radiating patch with a rectangular slot and a reduced ground plane to improve the impedance matching characteristics. An offset-feed method is employed to enhance the overall patch bandwidth. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth and gain with the RT/Duroid 5880 and FR4 substrates are 7.1 GHz (3.5–10.6 GHz)/4.89 dBi and 7.2 GHz (3.8–11 GHz)/2.75 dBi, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1710–1715, 2016
Genetics and Epigenetics in Adult Neurogenesis

The cellular basis of adult neurogenesis is neural stem cells residing in restricted areas of the adult brain. These cells self-renew and are multipotent. The maintenance of “stemness” and commitment to differentiation are tightly controlled by intricate molecular networks. Epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), have profound regulatory roles in mammalian gene expression. Significant advances have been made regarding the dynamic roles of epigenetic modulation and function. It has become evident that epigenetic regulators are key players in neural-stemcell self-renewal, fate specification, and final maturation of new neurons, therefore, adult neurogenesis. Altered epigenetic regulation can result in a number of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we review recent discoveries that advance our knowledge in epigenetic regulation of mammalian neural stem cells and neurogenesis. Insights from studies of epigenetic gene regulation in neurogenesis may lead to new therapies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Pharmacology of anticonvulsants.

Most of the new information on anticonvulsants has been made possible by technical advances in the ability to measure drugs and metabolite concentrations in body fluids. As studies have progressed, clinical assistance from serum determinations has resulted. Phenobarbital, dilantin, primidone, ethosuximide and mephobarbital are discussed, and interactions between anticonvulsants are considered.
Biomarkers for cervical cancer generated by proteomic analysis of exfoliated cervical epithelial cells

4455 Proteomic biomarkers that either distinguish women who are at risk of developing cervical cancer or detect its precursor lesions will have significant impact on early detection and reduced mortality. Although preventable and curable if detected early, cervical cancer is still the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in developing countries where cytology screening programs have shown to be ineffective. The current use of biopsy tissue for cervical cancer biomarkers development represents a limiting factor because it is invasive and does not allow having access to a large number of specimens - not only from patients but also from healthy controls - which is critical for biomarkers discovery and validation. To address this issue, protein was isolated from a total of 24 cervical scrapings collected from women attending the OB/GYN clinics operated under the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. The pool of samples included women presenting with normal cytology as well as patients with a wide spectrum of clinical diagnosis. For the purpose of the present study only patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) confirmed by colposcopy and/or biopsy (cases; N=4); and women with negative Pap test and no prior history of abnormal cytology (controls; N=3) were selected for two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) analysis. All three control gels were normalized to create an average control gel which was compared individually to all four cases. A total of 79 spots at least 2 folds differentially expressed were identified and selected for spot picking, trypsin digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time-of-flight / time-of-flight - mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). Thirty-four (34) proteins were identified with expectation values greater than 10 −3 and were expressed either only in cases, only in controls, higher in cases or higher in controls. Among the derived proteins are members of the ovalbumin serine proteinase inhibitors, calcium-binding proteins, keratins, human actin-binding proteins, cysteine proteinase inhibitors and proteins involved in cellular glycolysis, cytokinesis, and metastasis. In addition to some previously reported protein biomarkers in biopsy specimens from cervical tumors, a subset of new biomarkers was identified in this study. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of proteomic analysis of exfoliated cervical epithelial cells as a promising tool for the development of biomarkers for cervical cancer.
[Erotic transference in women and men: differences and sequelae].

Das Phanomen der erotischen Ubertragung in Analysen gilt als allgemein; seine Ausdrucksweisen freilich sind vielfaltig. Wahrend nach Persons Beobachtung Frauen haufig dazu neigen, die erotische Ubertragung als Widerstand zu benutzen, tendieren Manner eher dahin, das Bewustsein dieser Ubertragung zu bekampfen. Solcher Unterschied last sich nach Ansicht der Autorin darauf zuruckfuhren, das sowohl die auseren wie die inneren Realitaten bei Frauen und Mannern starke Differenzen aufweisen. Frauen erlangen ihre Identitat als Frau kraft bestimmter Beziehungen, die sie im Sinne der Liebe aufbauen und hegen. Manner hingegen finden ihre Identitat als Mann eher uber Leistung und Autonomie und lehnen deshalb Bindungen und Abhangigkeiten ab. Diese unterschiedlichen Einstellungen und identitatsbewahrenden Haltungen bilden sich in den jeweiligen erotischen Ubertragungen ab.