cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stem cells of the respiratory system: From identification to differentiation into functional epithelium

We review recent progress in the stem cell biology of the respiratory system, and discuss its scientific and translational ramifications. Several studies have defined novel stem cells in postnatal lung and airways and implicated their roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. In addition, significant advances in the generation of respiratory epithelium from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) now provide a novel and powerful platform for understanding lung development, modeling pulmonary diseases, and implementing drug screening. Finally, breakthroughs have been made in the generation of decellularized lung matrices that can serve as a scaffold for repopulation with respiratory cells derived from either postnatal or PSCs. These studies are a critical step forward towards the still distant goal of stem cell-based regenerative medicine for diseases of lung and airways.
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection: simultaneous detection of viral DNA and antigens in paraffin-embedded liver sections.

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and viral antigens were simultaneously identified by immunohistochemical staining of formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded liver sections followed by in situ hybridisation. In the developed radioautographs, silver grains indicate the location of viral DNA in the cell and the immunohistochemical stain marks sites of accumulation of viral antigen. In liver from a patient with chronic active hepatitis serologically positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen (HBsAg/HBeAg) viral nucleotide sequences, representing actively replicating DNA species, were demonstrated predominantly in the cytoplasm. Viral core antigen (HBcAg) was expressed in the liver cell nuclei. HBcAg was not detectable in most hepatocytes with high levels of viral replication. Conversely, most liver cells in which HBcAg was found did not contain replicating HBV. HBcAg and replicating viral DNA species were not detectable in hepatocytes undergoing pathological changes, such as ground glass cells. Because no pathological changes could be identified either in hepatocytes with high levels of HBV replication or expression of nuclear HBcAg, the liver cell damage in this patient with chronic hepatitis B was presumably induced by other mechanisms. The simultaneous observation of viral DNA, antigens, and pathological changes at the single cell level and their correlation with clinical findings should contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HBV-induced liver cell injury.
Prostatic carcinoma: reflections on its natural history, diagnosis, and therapy.

The natural history of prostatic cancer is reviewed in brief with emphasis on transitions in cellular differentiation. Diagnostic features are appraised in conjunction with prognostication of the clinical course. Radical prostatectomy is considered the best form of treatment for the isolated prostatic nodule with preserved cellular differentiation. Endocrine therapy should be withheld until manifestations of cancer spread are evident.
Photonic Crystal Microcavities in a Microelectronics 45-nm SOI CMOS Technology

We demonstrate the first monolithically integrated linear photonic crystal microcavities in an advanced silicon-on-insulator complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor microelectronics process (IBM 45nm 12SOI) with no in-foundry process modifications and a single postprocessing step. The cavities were integrated into a standard microelectronics design flow meeting process design rules, and fabricated alongside transistors native to the process. We demonstrate both 1520- and 1180-nm wavelength cavity designs using different cavity implementations due to design rule constraints. For the 1520- and 1180-nm designs, loaded quality factors of 2000 and 4000 are measured, and intrinsic quality factors of 100 000 and 60 000 are extracted. We also demonstrate an evanescent coupling geometry that decouples the cavity and waveguide-coupling design.
Experimental program analysis: a new paradigm for program analysis

Program analysis techniques are used by software engineers to deduce and infer targeted characteristics of software systems for tasks such as testing, debugging, maintenance, and program comprehension. Recently, some program analysis techniques have been designed to leverage characteristics of traditional experimentation in order to analyze software systems. We believe that the use of experimentation for program analysis constitutes a new program analysis paradigm: experimental program analysis. This research seeks to accomplish four goals: to precisely define experimental program analysis, to provide a means for classifying experimental program analysis techniques, to identify existing experimental program analysis techniques in the research literature, and to enhance the use of experimental program analysis by improving existing, and by creating new, experimental program analysis techniques.
Short-term Plasticity in Thalamocortical Pathways: Cellular Mechanisms and Functional Roles

Information reaches the neocortex through different types of thalamocortical pathways. These differ in many morphological and physiological properties. One interesting aspect in which thalamocortical pathways differ is in their temporal dynamics, such as their short-term plasticity. Primary pathways display frequency-dependent depression, while secondary pathways display frequency-dependent enhancement. The cellular mechanisms underlying these dynamic responses involve pre- and post-synaptic and circuit properties. They may serve to synchronize, amplify and/or filter neural activity in neocortex depending on behavioral demands, and thus to adapt each pathway to its specific function.
Engineering the Stereochemistry of Cephalosporin for Specific Detection of Pathogenic Carbapenemase-Expressing Bacteria†

Reported herein is the design of fluorogenic probes specific for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and they were designed based on stereochemically modified cephalosporin having a 6,7-trans configuration. Through experiments using recombinant β-lactamase enzymes and live bacterial species, these probes demonstrate the potential for use in the specific detection of carbapenemases, including metallo-β-lactamases in active bacterial pathogens.
DYNAMMA: A DYNAmic Multi-channel Medium Access Framework for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

This paper introduces a scheduled-access, multi-channel medium access control (MAC) framework for wireless multi-hop ad hoc networks (MANETs). The proposed framework dubbed dynamic multi-channel medium access, or DYNAMMA, features: (1) ability to dynamically adapt to application-specific traffic patterns, (2) collision-free, multi-channel operation, (3) energy efficiency, and (4) minimum signaling overhead. We evaluate DYNAMMA through extensive simulations and compare its performance against scheduled-access (e.g., TRAMA) and contention-based (e.g., 802.11) MAC protocols for different application scenarios. Our results show that DYNAMMA's ability to perform collision-free transmission over multiple channels significantly increases system capacity through higher channel utilization and spatial re-use. When compared to TRAMA, DYNAMMA's efficiency in terms of signaling overhead yields considerable energy savings as well as queueing delay reduction. We also present an implementation of DYNAMMA over an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio testbed. Our UWB testbed results indicate that DYNAMMA can achieve both high channel utilization (close to 90% for our experiments) and high energy efficiency (nodes, on average, sleep one third of the time).
RACE, IDEOLOGY, AND IDEAL THEORY

: Philosophers who have addressed the problems of enduring racial injustice have been suspicious of the role played by ideal theory in ethics and political philosophy generally, and in contemporary liberal political philosophy in particular. The theoretical marginalization of race in the work of Rawls has led some to charge that ideal theory is at the very least unhelpful in understanding one of the most significant forms of contemporary injustice, and is at worst ideological in the pejorative sense. To explore these concerns, I formulate five related criticisms of ideal theory and examine each as it would be applied to Rawls's political philosophy. My thesis is that the strongest criticisms—namely, that ideal theory is essentially ideological and cannot provide adequate grounds for justifying race-conscious, equality-securing measures—ultimately miss the mark. But other criticisms of ideal theory are more plausible, and most plausibly directed to an area of Rawls's thought often ignored in discussions of liberalism and race, namely, his account of citizenship and public reasoning.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among American Legionnaires in relation to combat experience in Vietnam: Associated and contributing factors

The relationship between combat stress, DSM-III-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a variety of behavioral factors was examined in a large nonclinical population. A total of 2858 randomly selected American Legion members who had served in Southeast Asia completed a questionnaire which elicited information on military service, personal health, and a variety of mental health outcomes. The data confirm the utility of the PTSD diagnosis as a distinct clinical entity. The frequency of PTSD and the extent of symptoms developed varied with the severity of criteria used for determining the extent of traumatic exposure. The PTSD rate ranged from 1.8 to 15.0% of the total sample, depending on whether “exposure” to combat was defined relatively narrowly or broadly. A distinct linear dose-response relationship between combat stress and a quantitative measure of PTSD intensity was observed. The frequency of PTSD diagnosis was not affected by the presence of either physical or mental health problems which predated military service. A strong, stable relationship was found between combat stress and PTSD intensity for cohorts with differing intervals since the experience of combat trauma, which persisted up to 20 years after discharge from the military. The data thus support a broader approach to defining traumatic events which recognizes individual differences in response to combat, as well as the existence of other behavioral outcomes as residual effects of combat. Implications of these findings and the importance of treating veterans with varying presentations of PTSD are discussed.
Phase morphology and mechanical properties of blends of poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) and polyamides

An experimental study of the blending, thermal transitions, phase morphology, and mechanical properties of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/polyamide blends is presented. Nylon-6, rubber modified nylon-6, nylon-66, nylon-11, nylon-12, and two partially aromatic amorphous polyamides were included in the study. Generally, blends of PPS with aromatic amorphous polyamides exhibit better mechanical properties than those with aliphatic polyamides. The blends with nylon-12 exhibit the best characteristics among the aliphatic polyamides.
Questions on Core Concepts

This chapter contains questions from across medical disciplines. The questions are designed to test the learner’s understanding of the core concepts of professionalism and ethics in medicine. Correct answers are listed at the end of the section. The learner may refer back to the relevant chapter in Part I for the conceptual framework.
Two-dimensional transverse-magnetic time-domain scattering using the Nystro/spl uml/m method and bandlimited extrapolation

A method is presented for the solution of the integral equations that describe the electromagnetic scattering from an infinitely long conducting cylinder in the time domain. The method discretizes the integral equations spatially using a high-order locally-corrected Nystro/spl uml/m method and temporally using a filtered kernel. The filtering of the kernel both controls aliasing and reduces the order of its singularity. On the other hand, filtering also gives rise to a noncausal kernel so the time marching is accomplished with a bandlimited extrapolation scheme. Numerical results demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the proposed method.
Conversion of Iodide to Hypoiodous Acid and Iodine in Aqueous Microdroplets Exposed to Ozone

Halides are incorporated into aerosol sea spray, where they start the catalytic destruction of ozone (O3) over the oceans and affect the global troposphere. Two intriguing environmental problems undergoing continuous research are (1) to understand how reactive gas phase molecular halogens are directly produced from inorganic halides exposed to O3 and (2) to constrain the environmental factors that control this interfacial process. This paper presents a laboratory study of the reaction of O3 at variable iodide (I–) concentration (0.010–100 μM) for solutions aerosolized at 25 °C, which reveal remarkable differences in the reaction intermediates and products expected in sea spray for low tropospheric [O3]. The ultrafast oxidation of I– by O3 at the air–water interface of microdroplets is evidenced by the appearance of hypoiodous acid (HIO), iodite (IO2–), iodate (IO3–), triiodide (I3–), and molecular iodine (I2). Mass spectrometry measurements reveal an enhancement (up to 28%) in the dissolution of gaseous O...
Power management on 14 nm Intel® Core− M processor

The desire to deliver breakthrough performance in a tablet form factor required several innovations in the 14nm Intel® flagship Core− M processor (Broadwell). Better frequency control algorithms including duty cycling graphics cores were developed to improve energy efficiency. New power sharing algorithms were developed to maximize performance of multiple compute domains within tight thermal and power delivery constraints. Innovations resulted in upto 50% increase in performance and upto 25% improvement in battery life over a Haswell system thermally constrained to a 4.5W fanless form factor.
Model building with likelihood basis pursuit

We consider a non-parametric penalized likelihood approach for model building called likelihood basis pursuit (LBP) that determines the probabilities of binary outcomes given explanatory vectors while automatically selecting important features. The LBP model involves parameters that balance the competing goals of maximizing the log-likelihood and minimizing the penalized basis pursuit terms. These parameters are selected to minimize a proxy of misclassification error, namely, the randomized, generalized approximate cross validation (ranGACV) function. The ranGACV function is not easily represented in compact form; its functional values can only be obtained by solving two instances of the LBP model, which may be computationally expensive. E-mail: voelker@cs.wisc.edu A grid search is typically used to find appropriate parameters, requiring the solutions to hundreds or thousands of instances of the LBP model. Since only parameters (data) are changed between solves, the resulting problem is a non-linear slice...
The Explanatory Role of Relationship Power and Control in Domestic Violence Against Women in Nicaragua A Feminist Psychology Analysis

This study offers a feminist psychology analysis of various aspects of relationship power and control and their relative explanatory contribution to understanding physical, psychological, and sexual violence against women. Findings from structured interviews with 345 women from rural Nicaragua (Mage = 44) overwhelmingly demonstrate that measures of power and control reflecting interpersonal relationship dynamics have the strongest predictive power for explaining violence when compared in multivariate analyses to several of the more commonly used measures. These findings have implications for future research and the evaluation of interventions designed to decrease levels of violence against women.
Modified Burch colposuspension in treatment of female urinary incontinence.

Abstract A modified Burch colposuspension was utilized to correct female urinary incontinence. Subtracted bladder pressure was useful to select patients with detrusor stability or low-pressure instability. Correction of incontinence was achieved in 94 per cent of the patients.
An experimental study of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions in strong flows

Flow-induced changes in the conformation of polymer molecules in dilute polyelectrolyte solutions were studied, using birefringence techniques, as a function of molecular weight and added salt concentration in laminar, two-dimensional extensional flows produced in four- and two-roll mills. Overshoots in the flow birefringence during startup of simple-shear flow are presented. Of particular interest is the so-called coil-stretch transition. It is shown that the electrostatic expansion of the polyelectrolyte has a dramatic effect on the onset shear rate for the coil-stretch transition and also on the shape of the flow birefringence versus shear rate curves during the stretching process. A reasonable description of the coil-stretch transition and its dependence on equilibrium configuration is obtained theoretically using a charged dumbbell model with conformation-dependent bead friction. Being dependent on the longest relaxation time of the polymer, and therefore not too sensitive to intramolecular details, the dumbbell model can be applied in two ways: either using a charge force to expand its rest state or reducing N, the number of Kuhn segments, in proportion to the increase in relaxation time of the expanded polyelectrolyte.
The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus

Photoperiodic diapause is a crucial adaptation to seasonal environmental variation in a wide range of arthropods, but relatively little is known regarding the molecular basis of this important trait. In temperate populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, exposure to short-day (SD) lengths causes the female to produce diapause eggs. Tropical populations do not undergo a photoperiodic diapause. We identified a fatty acyl coA elongase transcript that is more abundant under SD versus long-day (LD) photoperiods in mature oocyte tissue of replicate temperate, but not tropical, A. albopictus populations. Fatty acyl CoA elongases are involved in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids (hydrocarbon precursors). Diapause eggs from a temperate population had one-third more surface hydrocarbons and one-half the water loss rates of non-diapause eggs. Eggs from a tropical population reared under SD and LD photoperiods did not differ in surface hydrocarbon abundance or water loss rates. In both a temperate and tropical population, composition of hydrocarbon chain lengths did not differ between eggs from SD versus LD conditions. These results implicate the expression of fatty acyl coA elongase and changes in quantity, but not composition, of egg surface hydrocarbons as important components of increased desiccation resistance during diapause in A. albopictus.
Resonance lines and energy levels of Cs III, Ba IV, and La V

Spectra of Cs III, Ba IV, and La V were photographed in a low-voltage sliding spark on a 10.7 m normal-incidence vacuum spectrograph. These ions are isoelectronic with neutral iodine and display a halogen-like energy level structure. Detailed isoelectronic comparisons, level transition diagrams, and tabular data on the transitions of the ions and percentage compositions of Cs III configurations are presented.
`Doin' the Hustle': Constructing the Ethnographer in the American Ghetto

My own recently completed ethnographic study of a poor public housing development in Chicago provides the empirical frame for an examination of the social production of the ethnographer from the in...
Feeding Therapy in a Child With Autistic Disorder: Sequential Food Presentation:

The authors describe a feeding intervention for a 9-year-old male diagnosed with autistic disorder and mild mental retardation (also known as intellectual disability) who experienced food refusal r...
Sex-specific associations of lipoprotein(a) with presence and quantity of coronary artery calcification in an asymptomatic population.

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a potential risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between serum Lp(a) and coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis, has not been extensively explored. MATERIAL/METHODS: Electron beam computed tomography was performed on 616 asymptomatic, white individuals (285 men) from a community-based study. Mean age was 57.2 years. Serum Lp(a) levels were measured by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Tobit regression was used to determine the sex-specific association of Lp(a) levels with presence and quantity of CAC. RESULTS: In women, Lp(a) was a significant predictor (P=0.0426) of presence and quantity of CAC after adjustment for age, hypertension status, waist circumference, presence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and history of smoking. In men, after adjusting for age, hypertension status, body mass index, presence of high LDL-C, and history of smoking, a positive interaction between Lp(a) and history of smoking (P=0.0387) was significantly associated with presence and quantity of CAC. CONCLUSIONS: Sex-specific relationships between Lp(a) and CAC provide evidence supporting sex-specific risk factor profiling for CAD. In women, Lp(a) alone may be an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis, while in men, Lp(a) may confer higher risk conditional on the presence and level of other risk factors. The role of Lp(a) in the prediction and pathogenesis of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis needs to be further elucidated.
Mars exploration

Summary form only given. The new Mars Program Office will serve as the single point-of-contact for NASA Headquarters at JPL for all Mars exploration efforts. The office will work closely with the NASA Headquarters Mars Directorate Office for the development and implementation of the long-term strategy for the robotic exploration of Mars, as well as for the program's architecture and management of related funding.
Radiation Damping in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Radiation damping (RD) is a combined manifestation of the nuclear spins and the resonant circuit. Particularly for intense nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals, the coupling of the magnetization with the circuit of the radiofrequency coil induces a current in the receiver coil to generate a rotating magnetic field and thus producing a torque on the magnetization to return transverse magnetization back to equilibrium much faster than relaxation processes. RD is an important phenomenon as high magnetic field spectrometers are often used in combination with probes with high quality factors, such as probes with cryogenically cooled detection coils. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon of RD.
An agent-based approach to modeling insider threat

This paper describes the modeling of the potential of an organization to develop an insider threat given certain attributes of its culture. The model represents all employees of the organization and their likelihood of becoming an insider threat. Each employee is instantiated in an agent-zero construct, which accounts for affective, rational, and social behavioral influences. The main driver of behavior is the employee's level of disgruntlement against the organization. The simulation is run over a period of 10 years and the total number of employees that exceed a certain threshold of becoming an insider threat are computed. This number is compared with survey data on work force ethics as a measure of validity of the simulation results.
The analysis of results of influenza virus isolation during 2014- 2015 in Jiamusi

Objective: To analyze the data of influenza virus isolation from Jiamusi City during 2014- 2015 and to understand the subtypes of influenza virus and to assess the epidemic situation in Jiamusi so that a scientific basis can be provided for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Methods: The specimens from influenza like illness( ILI) were collected. The Viruses were isolated with MDCK cell and identified with HAI. Results: 1040 ILI pharyngeal swab specimens were detected in October 2014- March 2015. A total of 37 influenza strains were obtained from MDCK and the positive rate was 3. 56%. 28 of them were identified as subtype A( H3N2),and 9 of them were identified as subtype B( Yamagata). Conclusion: The main type is influenza type A( H3N2) in Jiamusi City. Subtype B( Yamagata) is also detected.
The CAPM Regression and R

We introduce business and finance students to the use of the R statistical environment. Our study is linked to the educational goal of risk analysis for capital budgeting and long-term investments. There is a growing need for today’s business and finance students to be proficient in handling empirical data and employing econometric and new software methods for the purposes of communicating financial information. In our paper, students study risk estimation and learn how to download financial data, compare the cost of equity capital and risk attributes of companies through R, an open-source statistical software environment for data analysis and graphics. Empirical applications presented in this study include descriptive return statistics and the estimation of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) model using the traditional Fama-MacBeth methodology. Using this technique,students can compare discount rates of different companies, thereby facilitating the analysis of profitability and capital budgeting for long-term investments.
Identification of a representative dataset for long-term monitoring at the Weyburn CO2-injection enhanced oil recovery site, Saskatchewan, Canada

Abstract Leakage at geological carbon storage (GCS) sites, driven by increased system pressure and higher CO2 saturations, represents a key risk to secure containment of injected CO2. For long-term GCS monitoring, it is critical to determine a level of information needed to minimize leakage risks while keeping costs under control. This study demonstrates a goal-oriented, retrospective design concept called minimum data set requirement (MDR) for Weyburn Midale Project (WMP), a commercial-scale, CO2-injection enhanced oil recovery (EOR) site in Canada. More than a decade of research at the WMP site has led to an extensive collection of site characterization data, a situation that is unlikely to be true for many other GCS projects around the world. By screening existing data retrospectively, our MDR identification process seeks to establish a level of data needed to define a sufficient reservoir model for guiding post-EOR monitoring, under user-defined performance metrics. Our starting point is an existing history-matched WMP reservoir model and three datasets consisting of logs from hundreds of wells and a seismic survey. An iterative approach is taken to systematically and gradually reduce the level of information used in parameterizing a geological model, from which conditional stochastic realizations of model properties are generated and simplified reservoir models are developed. Results show that the minimum dataset for predicting CO2 migration is based on the heterogeneity and anisotropy of selected parameters of the field. For WMP, about 80% of the 403 wells can be eliminated without having a detrimental impact on the simulated pressure field.
Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle

Summary Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone–limber pine and foxtail–limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB-caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate-driven MPB range expansion relative to other high-elevation pines. Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant–insect interactions under climate change.
'Some Savage Tribe': Race, Legal Violence, and the Mormon War of 1838

This paper argues for a reinterpretation of the Mormon War of 1838, during which the governor of the State of Missouri issued a formal order to "exterminate" approximately 10,000 Mormon men, women, and children. It argues that the politics of race – largely overlooked in most accounts of the hostilities – were central to the conflict on a variety of levels: fears of racial violence, stoked by perceived Mormon sympathy toward Native Americans and abolitionism, helped give rise to the conflict; Mormons gradually became racially recast as non-white leading up to the Extermination Order; and, curiously, Missourians frequently engaged in "racial masking" (wearing red and black face paint) when engaged in hostilities. It concludes by arguing that the event is significant not only as a formative moment in the history of the Mormon Church, but also as a window into the intersection of law, race, and violence on the American frontier.
Double-density and dual-tree based methods for image super resolution

When several low-resolution images are taken of the same scene, they often contain aliasing and differing subpixel shifts causing different focuses of the scene. Super-resolution imaging is a technique that can be used to construct high-resolution imagery from these low-resolution images. By combining images, high frequency components are amplified while removing blurring and artifacting. Super-resolution reconstruction techniques include methods such as the Non-Uniform Interpolation Approach, which is low resource and allows for real-time applications, or the Frequency Domain Approach. These methods make use of aliasing in low-resolution images as well as the shifting property of the Fourier transform. Problems arise with both approaches, such as limited types of blurred images that can be used or creating non-optimal reconstructions. Many methods of super-resolution imaging use the Fourier transformation or wavelets but the field is still evolving for other wavelet techniques such as the Dual-Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform (DTDWT) or the Double-Density Discrete Wavelet Transform (DDDWT). In this paper, we propose a super-resolution method using these wavelet transformations for use in generating higher resolution imagery. We evaluate the performance and validity of our algorithm using several metrics, including Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient (SROCC), Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC), Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and PeakSignal-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Initial results are promising, indicating that extensions of the wavelet transformations produce a more robust high resolution image when compared to traditional methods.
Comparison of Dietary Quality Assessment Using Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour-recalls in Older Men and Women.

Objectives: To examine the agreement in nutrient intake and alternative healthy eating indices (AHEI) between a self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour recall (24HR) measurements of diet by gender, among older adults. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of 105 men and 99 women aged 65 and older living in urban and rural neighborhoods in Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA. Participants were queried on diet using both FFQ and 24HR. The healthy eating classification was compared between the two instruments by gender. Results: For men, the mean ± SD of AHEI total score was 48.2 ± 12.3 based on FFQ versus 34.7 ± 10.2 based on 24HR. For women, the mean ± SD was 47.9 ± 10.1 based on FFQ versus 36.1 ± 10.0 based on 24HR. Using 32 as the cutoff (40% of maximum AHEI score), 9% of men and 7% of women were classified as eating unhealthy based on the FFQ, versus 47% of men and 38% of women based on 24HR. Compared to women, men had larger 24HR to FFQ discrepancies in the nuts and vegetable protein subscore and white/red meat ratio, and smaller discrepancy in alcohol beverages subscore. Conclusion: Agreements between FFQ and 24HR-based measures of diet quality were roughly comparable between men and women, though slightly better for women than men. Compared to 24HR, the FFQ tended to underestimate the proportions of older men and women classified as eating unhealthy and misclassified more men than women. Such limitations should be considered when the FFQ is used to study healthy eating in older age.
Neuropsychological Effects of Placebo Stimulants in College Students

ABSTRACTMany college students underestimate or ignore the side-effects associated with nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) and are motivated by hopes of academic enhancement. The present study measured the effect a placebo stimulant and personal expectancies have on subjective physiological changes and cognitive enhancement. Undergraduate college students participated in a two-phase study. Phase 1 (n = 305) involved completing an online survey to gather distal study variables and individual stimulant expectancy data. Phase 2 (n = 166) required students to attend an in-person session where they completed physiological and neuropsychological measures (e.g., Physical Symptom Checklist, Digit Span, Passage Comprehension). Students were randomized to receive a placebo stimulant medication (experimental) or no medication (control). Following a 30-minute absorption period, participants completed another set of physiological and neuropsychological measures. Experimental participants reported signifi...
The thoracic duct and the Fontan patient.

Background Ultrasound imaging of adults with heart failure and increased central venous pressure (CVP) has shown significant thoracic duct (TD) dilation from impedance in lymphatic drainage. Elevated CVP and abnormal lymphatic drainage are implicated in severe Fontan complications, including protein losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB). Systematic studies of TD and lymphatic circulation in children are limited, and their cervical TD normative values have not been established. Methods Thoracic duct imaging was attempted prospectively during routine echocardiograms performed 7/2014–9/2016 in children 5–21 years old with normal cardiovascular physiology and Fontan palliation. TD insertion to the central venous system (lympho-venous junction) was assessed with an S12-4 MHz transducer. For the first 34 patients, only TD ostia were measured, but ostium shape variability at the lympho-venous junction led to including the TD arch 5–10 mm proximal to the ostium for the remaining cohort. Results Seventy-nine total subjects were studied: 58 controls, 13 Fontan patients with normal systemic ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (>50%), and 8 Fontan patients with decreased EF (≤50%). Combined Fontan subjects had larger TD ostial diameters compared to controls when normalized by body surface area (median 2.6 mm/m2 vs. 2 mm/m2) (P=.04). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of ultrasonographic TD imaging in children. Fontan patients have larger TD diameters, reflecting the impaired lymphatic circulation in patients with this physiology. Further research may provide important associations between sonographic TD features with the functional status of patients with Fontan circulation.
Effects of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and a Fluorescent Brightener on Colonies of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), is an important pest which is difficult to control because it is resistant to nearly all registered insecticides. A new commercial formulation of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus that is pathogenic to beet armyworm larvae, SPOD-X®, was tested with and without a fluorescent brightener, Tinopal LPW. The effects on larvae from six colonies of the beet armyworm which had recently been established from field collections in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi were compared with a laboratory colony which had been maintained in the laboratory for 2 years. The LC50 was lower in all bioassays with SPOD-X in 0.25% Tinopal LPW than with SPOD-X in water, although in 3 of 12 bioassays the difference was not significant based on overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The mean LC50 for SPOD-X in water was 376 polyhedral occlusion bodies per cup (surface area 800 mm2). The mean LC50 for SPOD-X in 0.25% Tinopal LPW was 30 polyhedral occlusion bodies per cup. The LC50 for SPOD-X in wat...
Florida Senate Race: If This Campaign Had Been a Prize Fight—They Would Have Stopped It

Marco Rubio’s decision to run for the presidency and initially forgo reelection to the Senate led to Florida being seen as one of five states where Democrats had a solid opportunity and could ultimate regain control of the Senate. Rubio continuously expressed his resolve to leave politics at the end of his Senate term. The Republican Senate leadership, though, was keen on keeping the Florida Senate seat and believed Rubio was their strongest contender and he acquiesced. Democrats nominated a moderate congressman, Patrick Murphy, over a progressive one, Alan Grayson. Following Florida’s August primary election, political analysts handicapped this election as a genuine “toss-up.” But Rubio quickly and clearly outpaced Murphy to the point where Democrats pulled out resources prior to Rubio’s convincing reelection victory.
One Point of View: The Paradigm Shift: Discontinuities for Fun and Profit

(1985). One Point of View: The Paradigm Shift: Discontinuities for Fun and Profit. Research Management: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 6-8.
Effect of Enterococcus Faecium Strain SF68 on Gastrointestinal Signs and Fecal Microbiome in Cats Administered Amoxicillin-Clavulanate.

Some cats develop vomiting or diarrhea during administration of some antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanate but how often this occurs and the severity of disease is generally unknown. In people, one of the accepted indications for the use of probiotics is to attempt and lessen antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Enterococcus faecium strain SF68 (SF68; Purina ® ProPlan ® Veterinary Diets; FortiFlora™ Probiotic Supplement) is a commercially available probiotic available in many countries that has been shown to lessen diarrhea rates in cats housed in animal shelters. The objectives of this study were to describe the gastrointestinal abnormalities (clinical and microbiome) associated with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate to cats and to determine whether feeding SF68 could ameliorate those abnormalities. Laboratory reared domestic cats were administered amoxicillin-clavulanate for 7 days with or without SF68 for 14 days and monitored for vomiting and diarrhea and for changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome before and after antibiotic administration. Fecal scores > 5 on a 7-point scale were detected in 9 of 13 cats (69.2%) fed SF68 compared to 12 of 14 cats fed the placebo (85.7%). Fecal scores of 7 were only detected in the placebo group and when total diarrhea scores were compared between groups for days 1-11, the cats fed SF68 were statistically lower ( P = 0.0058). Administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate led to decreased microbiome diversity, but differences between cats fed SF68 or the placebo were not detected. The results show administering amoxicillin-clavulanate orally to cats commonly induces diarrhea and alters the gastrointestinal microbiome, and that feeding the probiotic SF68 can lessen some associated clinical abnormalities.
Photonic Integration for Quantum Communications

Integrated photonics shows promise as a cost-effective, yet high performance, device platform for generating, manipulating and detecting single or entangled photons, with potential applications in secure communications, precision sensors and quantum interconnects.
Insights into the action of inhibitor enantiomers against histone lysine demethylase 5A.

Isomers of chiral drugs can exhibit marked differences in biological activities. We studied the binding and inhibitory activities of 12 compounds against KDM5A. Among them are two pairs of enantiomers representing two distinct inhibitor chemotypes, namely, ( R)- and ( S)-2-((2-chlorophenyl)(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)methyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (compounds N51 and N52) and ( R) - and ( S) -N-(1-(3-isopropyl-1 H-pyrazole-5-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (compounds N54 and N55). In vitro, the S enantiomer of the N51/N52 pair (N52) and the R enantiomer of the N54/N55 pair (N54) exhibited about 4- to 5-fold greater binding affinity. The more potent enzyme inhibition of KDM5A by the R-isoform for the cell-permeable N54/N55 pair translated to differences in growth inhibitory activity. We determined structures of the KDM5A catalytic domain in complex with all 12 inhibitors, which revealed the interactions (or lack thereof) responsible for the differences in binding affinity. These results provide insights to guide improvements in binding potency and avenues for development of cell permeable inhibitors of the KDM5 family.
Pinch point singularities of tensor spin liquids

Recently, a new class of three-dimensional spin liquid models have been theoretically discovered, which feature generalized Coulomb phases of emergent symmetric tensor $U(1)$ gauge theories. These ``higher rank'' tensor models are particularly intriguing due to the presence of quasiparticles with restricted mobility, such as fractons. We investigate universal experimental signatures of tensor Coulomb phases. Most notably, we show that tensor Coulomb spin liquids (both quantum and classical) feature characteristic pinch point singularities in their spin-spin correlation functions, accessible via neutron scattering, which can be readily distinguished from pinch points in conventional $U(1)$ spin liquids. These pinch points can thus serve as a crisp experimental diagnostic for such phases. We also tabulate the low-temperature heat capacity of various tensor Coulomb phases, which serves as a useful additional diagnostic in certain cases.
Factors Associated with Emergency Departments in Utilization of Health Services among Minorities who are Enrolled in Medicare

This research was conducted to determine if there is a difference among Medicare and/or Medicaid enrolled patients, based on age, gender and provider diagnosis. The research was conducted using data from the The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS was designed to collect data on the utilization and provision of ambulatory care services in hospital emergency and outpatient departments and ambulatory surgery locations. Findings are based on a national sample of visits to the emergency departments, outpatient departments, and ambulatory surgery locations of non-institutional general and short hospital stays. The research indicated that there are slightly significant differences between male and female total observations. There are a total of 2471 (53.881%) females compared to 1855 (40.449%) males for initial visits between the two sexes. For follow-up visits, about 138 (3.009%) are female compared to 122 (2.660%) for males. When looking at the differences between the races, there was a significant difference between white and black. For initial visits, there were 3536 (77.104%) among whites compared to 646 (14.086%) for blacks; others or unknown was 144 (3.140%). Also, there were significant differences for follow-up visits between the two races. About 218 (4.754%) are white compared to only 36 (.0785%) for black; other race or unknown was only 6 (0.131%).
Prospecting for life

Books with titles like 'The Call of the Wild' seemed to set a path for a life. Thus, I would be an explorer-a plan that did not work out so well, at least at first. On leaving school I got a job as a 'Works Chemist Improver', testing Ni catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol. Taking night classes I passed enough exams to study geology at Queen Mary College, London. Armed thus I travelled to the Solomon Islands where geology is a 'happening'! Next was Canada to visit a mine sunk into a 1.5 billion year old Pb-Zn orebody precipitated from submarine hot springs. At last I reached the Yukon to prospect for silver. Thence to Ireland researching what I also took to be 'exhalative' (i.e. hot spring-related) Pb-Zn orebodies. While there in 1979, the discovery of 350°C metal-bearing acidic waters issuing from submarine Black Smoker chimneys in the Pacific sent us searching for fossil examples in the Irish mines. However, the chimneys we found were more like chemical gardens than Black Smokers, a finding that made us think about the emergence of life. After all, what better for life's emergence than to have a membrane comprising Fe minerals dosed with Ni in our chimneys to mediate the 'hydrogenation' of CO2-life's job anyway. Indeed, such a membrane would keep redox and pH disequilibria at bay, just like biological membranes. At the same time, my field research among Alpine ophiolites-ocean floor mafic rocks obducted to the Alps-indicated that alkaline waters bearing H2 and CH4 were a result of serpentinization, a process that must have operated in all ocean floors over all time. Thus it was that we could predict the Lost City hydrothermal field 10 years before its discovery in the North Atlantic in the year 2000. Lost City comprises a number of alkaline springs at up to 90°C that produce carbonate and brucite (Mg[OH]2) chimneys. We had surmised that Ni-enriched FeS chimneys would have precipitated at comparable alkaline springs issuing into a metal-rich carbonic ocean on the very early Earth (inducing membrane potentials comparable to those capable of succouring all life, and presumably, sufficient to drive life into being). However, our laboratory precipitates also revealed green rust, thought to be the precursor to the magnetite now comprising the Archaean Banded Iron Formations. We now look upon green rust, also known as fougerite, as the tangible, base fractal of life.
Diabetes Update: Risk Factors, Screening, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the result of insulin resistance. Significant differences are noted in the prevalence of T2D among races. Screening recommendations vary by subspecialty society. Asian Americans should be screened for T2D at a lower body mass index (BMI) (ie, 23 kg/m2) than other racial groups. Risk factors for T2D include high-risk ethnicity, obesity, taking of certain drugs (including statins), and gestational diabetes. Health disparities and genetics also influence risk of T2D, although these complexities continue to be poorly understood. Lifestyle changes, weight loss, and increased exercise are proven to decrease the risk of T2D. There also is strong evidence that bariatric surgery reduces the risk. Current debate focuses on whether BMI should continue to be used to determine candidacy for bariatric surgery, or whether patients at risk of T2D with nonobese BMIs also might benefit from these procedures.