cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordination Networks Based on Tetrahedral Silane Building Blocks: Influence of the Anion on Structures Adopted by Ag+−Si(p-C6H4CN)4 Arrays

The silane tetrakis(4-cyanophenyl)silane (1) was prepared by the reaction of 4-lithiobenzonitrile with silicon tetrachloride at −100 °C. This tetrahedral molecular building block crystallizes with AgOTf (OTf = O3SCF3) from benzene and dichloromethane to give [Ag2Si(p-C6H4CN)4][OTf]2·2C6H6 (2). The extended solid structure of 2 is composed of interpenetrating “double layers” which are 3-connected via trigonal planar Ag and tetrahedral Si centers. The individual nets contain six-membered rings which are folded in one corner along a Si···Si vector to give an envelope conformation. Overall, the structure is heavily cross-linked via −CN−Ag(1)−NC−, −Ag(1)−Ag(2)−NC−, and −CN−Ag(2)(μ-O3SCF3)2Ag(2)−NC− linkages. Compound 1 also crystallizes with AgPF6, to give {Ag3[Si(p-C6H4CN)4]2}[PF6]3·1.6THF·0.5C6H6·CH2Cl2 (3). This coordination network also contains 3-connected nets, with six-membered rings in the chair conformation. These nets are interwoven to form the 3-dimensional structure. Compounds 2 and 3 are air-sensi...
Aircraft control surface failure accommodation utilizing linear regulation and switching control

An actuator jam failure is mitigated using a servomechanism formulation where the failed control surface is modeled as an exogenous input to the degraded plant. The approach exploits switching control, linear output regulation, H2 control theory, and an outer-loop PI control algorithm to track a desired reference input. Application is demonstrated using the nonlinear NASA AirSTAR Generic Transport Model (GTM).
Adverse life events in elderly patients with major depression or dysthymic disorder and in healthy-control subjects.

The authors compared elderly outpatients (≥60 years) with major depression or dysthymic disorder and healthy-control subjects on the type and subjective impact of adverse life events. The Geriatric Adverse Life Events Scale (GALES) was developed for this purpose. Fifty patients with major depression, 79 patients with dysthymic disorder, and 40 healthy controls completed the GALES. Adverse life events during two time periods were assessed: the year before the evaluation, and the year before onset of the index episode (patients only). During the year before evaluation, patients with major depression reported more life events with greater negative impact, particularly for interpersonal conflicts, and dysthymic patients scored intermediate between patients and controls. Sum scores for perceived stress and negative impact on mood differed significantly among the groups: highest for major depression, intermediate for dysthymic disorder, and lowest for controls. During the year before onset, patients with major depression reported significantly higher sum scores for negative impact on mood than patients with dysthymic disorder. On several measures, patients with major depression perceived greater negative impact of life events than patients with dysthymic disorder and healthy controls, particularly for interpersonal conflicts. The subjective impact of adverse life events may play an important role in the expression of depressive illness in elderly patients, particularly in major depression, and it needs to be considered in clinical management.
Source apportionment of wet sulfate deposition in eastern North America

Abstract An analytical model of long distance transport of air pollutants (Fay and Rosenzweig, 1980. Atmospheric Environment 14, 355–365) has been adapted for the estimation of long term (e.g. annual) wet sulfate deposition in eastern N America. The model parameters have been optimized for best agreement with 1980–1982 measurements at 109 monitoring sites in this region. The root mean square residual of the model and measurement comparison is 4 kg ha −1 y −1 ( 17% of the mean measured value). Transfer coefficients were found to decrease exponentially with source-receptor distance, having length scales between 1100 and 400 km depending upon whether the source is upwind or downwind of the receptor. Source apportionment calculated for four sites from this model shows that about half of the deposition is due to 7–8 of the largest source contributors to each site (aggregated to the state and sub-province level). A 17-year record of precipitation sulfate measured at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, compares favourably with the model calculation. Calculated U.S.-Canada transboundary fluxes differ from previous estimates. Isopleths of 1980–1982 yearly depositions were determined. A proposed 45 % reduction in U.S. sulfur emissions was found to produce about a 35% reduction of deposition at environmentally sensitive areas in the U.S. and Canada.
Sex differences in anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity following chronic nicotine exposure in mice.

Smoking appears to increase overall levels of stress, despite self-reports that men and women smoke to control symptoms of anxiety. The overall incidence of anxiety disorders is also significantly higher in women. This study examined whether behavioral sensitivity to chronic nicotine varies across sexes in mice. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed chronically to nicotine in the drinking water (50, 100, or 200 μg/ml) and tested for locomotor activation and anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Female mice were less sensitive to the locomotor activating effects of chronic nicotine. Whereas both males and females showed increases in locomotor activity at the highest (200 μg/ml) concentration of nicotine, only males showed locomotor activation at the middle (100 μg/ml) concentration. The decreased sensitivity in females could not be explained by reduced nicotine intake compared to males. In the EPM, nicotine produced an anxiogenic-like response in females, but had no effect in males. Treatment with the high (200 μg/ml) dose of nicotine reduced the amount of time spent in the open arms of the EPM in female, but not male mice. No differences in the anxiogenic-like response to chronic nicotine was observed between β2-subunit knockout and wildtype mice, suggesting that β2-subunit containing nicotinic receptors do not mediate the anxiogenic-like response to chronic nicotine in females. This shows that female mice have an anxiogenic-like response to chronic nicotine, but are less sensitive to nicotine's psychostimulant properties, which may be related to the increased relapse to smoking following abstinence in women.
Optical neural network with pocket-sized liquid-crystal televisions

A compact optical neural network that uses high-resolution liquid-crystal televisions has been constructed. System design considerations and an experimental demonstration of the liquid-crystal television neural network are reported.
A regulatory bargain for diversified enterprises

Abstract This paper examines an alternative to traditional rate of return regulation and price cap regulation for public utilities which serve both non-competitive and competitive markets. The alternative is a regulatory bargain in which the allowed economic profit for the firm is tied to the level of net economic benefits (consumer surplus) accruing to the customers in non- competitive markets. Among other things, this form of regulation is shown to lead to cost minimizing production, efficient pricing in competitive and non-competitive markets, diversification into competitive markets if and only if there are economies of scope, and protection of customers in non-competitive markets from economic harm (reduced consumer surplus) if the firm does diversify.
EFFECTS OF PAIR CREATION ON THE EXPANSION OF VACUUM BUBBLES

Abstract The real-time behavior of true-vacuum bubbles nucleated in the false-vacuum background is studied in a λϕ 4 theory. Classically, the bubble expansion rate has been known to approach the velocity of light asymptotically. A quantum effect, creation of Higgs and fermion pairs, is studied by a semiclassical method, and is shown to lead to a slower expansion rate. Within the thin-wall approximation, several possible asymptotic behaviors are examined. A solution that behaves like the classical one but with different coefficients is shown to be stable. The first-order corrections to the coefficients are calculated approximately. The created Higgs pairs are found to remain inside the bubble and carry an energy of approximately 10 −3 λ of the energy released from the false vacuum. The fermions that are massless in the false vacuum go out of the bubble and have energy ∼10 −3 g 2 , where g is the Yukawa coupling constant. It is shown that the resulting asymptotic state is Lorentz invariant.
Financial incentive programs' influence in promoting sustainable forestry in the northern region.

Selected forestry officials in each of the 20 northern states were surveyed concerning their opinions on the public and private financial incentive programs available to nonindustrial private forest owners in their state. The officials were asked to name and describe the programs and to assess forest owners’ awareness of each one, its appeal among the owners aware of it, its effectiveness in encouraging sustainable forestry and enabling owners to meet their objectives, and the percentage of program practices that remain in place and enrolled acres that remain in forest over time. They also were asked to suggest ways to improve the programs. The Forest Stewardship, Forest Land Enhancement, and Forest Legacy Programs were among the top-rated federal programs, scoring well for all measures and attributes. Programs sponsored by states and private organizations tended to be more narrowly targeted than federal programs and scored well for specific attributes. The forestry officials’ suggestions for program improvement centered largely on program visibility and availability, increasing and ensuring long-term consistency in program funding, and simplifying the application and approval processes.
Parallel simulation of TCP/IP using TeD

We are developing a parallel simulation framework for large-scale network simulation. An important component of this work is the development of a TCP/IP model library. TCP/IP experts at LBNL have already developed the ns simulator for investigation of protocol variants. ns is a flexible and easy-to-use tool, but its construction thwarts high performance simulation of large scale networks. In order to model TCP/IP as accurately as does ns but still provide high performance, we are transforming ns source code into the Telecommunications Description Language (TeD), a tool that brings automated parallelization to network simulation. This paper describes the issues that arose in the course of this transformation.
Conflict management in the Middle East

Purpose – This introduction aims to summarize five studies in this special issue on conflict management in the Middle East. These studies highlight how conflict management research relates to important issues in this critical region of the world.Design/methodology/approach – The five studies were combined into this single issue so that readers can compare, contrast, and integrate scholarship from many countries, including Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, and Turkey, and cultures in this region.Findings – The studies show that several conceptualizations of national culture can help in understanding and predicting negotiation and conflict management behaviors in this region.Research implications – The studies show the need for future research on conflict management in the Middle East and show that theories and methods used in other countries and cultures can be adapted to this region.Originality/value – Four of the five studies used original data not reported elsewhere and gathered in countries that have not b...
Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer

CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman was found on mammography to have a solid 1-cm mass in her right breast. Excisional biopsy identified a fibroadenoma, and 3 foci of cribriform ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with necrosis were incidentally noted, in addition to areas of lobular neoplasia and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). The surgical margins were clear of DCIS, and her right breast was treated with radiotherapy. This patient's 50-year-old sister had recently been diagnosed with breast cancer. With lobular and ductal neoplasia placing this patient at increased risk of developing breast cancer in her other breast, the patient questioned her physicians regarding the appropriateness of her taking tamoxifen as a chemopreventive agent and whether any genetic studies could be done on her breast tissue to more accurately predict the risk of her developing a second malignancy. The biopsy showed that this woman is at high risk for developing breast cancer
The spatial allocation of visual attention as indexed by event-related brain potentials

The spatial distribution of visual attention was studied using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to index stimulus processing as the locus of attention was shifted across the visual fields. Stimuli were flashed in random order to one of three locations: one in each of the lateral visual fields and one on the vertical meridian. Selective visual-spatial attention was manifested in the ERPs as an amplitude modulation of the sensory-evoked components over frontal, central, parietal, and occipital scalp areas. Attended stimuli also elicited broader negative components that appeared to be endogenous and could be dissociated from the amplitude enhancement of the earlier sensory-evoked components. A gradient of attention was evident in the progressive decline in amplitude of the sensory-evoked components of the ERPs to the lateral stimuli as attention was focused at increasing distances from the stimulus location. These results are discussed in terms of “spotlight” and “gradient” models of the spatial allocat...
Integrity monitoring requirements for FAA's GPS Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

Three years ago, FAA started on an ambitious program to perform research, development and implementation of satellite navigation based on the approval and use of the DoD's Global Positioning System (GPS). One of the research and development (R&D) projects was to determine the capabilities and requirements for a GPS Wide-Area Augmentation System (WAAS), a ground-based GPS augmentation. The FAA's WAAS will consist of up to about 30 ground reference stations that will combine data to estimate separate corrections for clock and ephemeris for each monitored satellite, and also generate a correction term for ionospheric delays at lattice points on a grid formed by the intersection of lines of constant latitude and longitude. The corrections are relayed through geostationary satellites in order to reach all users in a wide geographic area. Since WAAS is expected to support Category I (CAT I) precision approaches, stringent integrity monitoring requirements will have to be satisfied. Existing single location navigation sources, such as ILSs, are monitored at a single location, whereas WAAS must be monitored at many locations and the information combined to produce a single integrity broadcast message suitable for a wide geographic area. In addition, the WAAS message includes separate differential correction components that can be individually monitored, but the integrity information must be correlated with an aircraft position error. The authors develop integrity monitoring requirements, starting with the instrument landing system (ILS), and extrapolating them for WAAS. >
Identification of Class II Transcriptional Activator-Induced Genes by Representational Difference Analysis: Discoordinate Regulation of the DNα/DOβ Heterodimer

Class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is a master regulator of MHC class II genes, including DR, DP, and DQ, and MHC class II-associated genes DM and invariant chain. To determine the repertoire of genes that is regulated by CIITA and to identify uncharacterized CIITA-inducible genes, we used representational difference analysis. Representational difference analysis screens for differentially expressed transcripts. All CIITA-induced genes were MHC class II related. We have identified the α subunit, DNα, of the class II processing factor DO as an additional CIITA-inducible gene. Northern analysis confirmed that DNα is induced by IFN-γ in 2fTGH fibrosarcoma cells, and CIITA is necessary for high-level expression in B cells. The β subunit, DOβ, is not inducible in fibrosarcoma cells by IFN-γ or exogenous CIITA expression. Moreover, in contrast to other class II genes, DOβ expression remains high in the absence of CIITA in B cells. The promoters for DNα and DOβ contain the highly conserved WXY motifs, and, like other class II genes, expression of both DNα and DOβ requires RFX. These findings demonstrate that both DNα and DOβ are regulated by RFX. However, DNα is defined for the first time as a CIITA-inducible gene, and DOβ as a MHC class II gene whose expression is independent of CIITA.
Life Development Intervention for Athletes Life Skills through Sports

The purpose of this article is to describe sport psychology and a model for its practice that is consistent with the training of counseling psychologists as teachers of life skills. Following an examination of the role that sport plays in our society and its importance for the development of identity and personal competence, what is meant by sport psychology and why it is a relevant area of study for counseling psychologists will be specified. A psychoeducational model for the practice of sport psychology, life development intervention (LDI), will be delineated and some examples of sport psychology consistent with the LDI model proposed. Using LDI as a base, dilemmas that counseling psychologists face when doing sport psychology will be considered Finally, some of the training issues for counseling psychologists doing sport psychology will be presented.
Carotid plaque, compared with carotid intima-media thickness, more accurately predicts coronary artery disease events: a meta-analysis.

Abstract Objectives We conducted the meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracies of carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by B-mode ultrasonography for the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD) events. Methods Two reviewers independently searched electronic databases to identify relevant studies through April 2011. Both population-based longitudinal studies with the outcome measure of myocardial infarction (MI) events and diagnostic cohort studies for the detection of CAD were identified and analyzed separately. Weighted summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) plots, with pertinent areas under the curves (AUCs), were constructed using the Moses–Shapiro–Littenberg model. Meta-regression analyses, using parameters of relative diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), were conducted to compare the diagnostic performance after adjusting other study-specific covariates. Results The meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies (54,336 patients) showed that carotid plaque, compared with CIMT, had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of future MI events (AUC 0.64 vs. 0.61, relative DOR 1.35; 95%CI 1.1–1.82, p =0.04). The 10-year event rates of MI after negative results were lower with carotid plaque (4.0%; 95% CI 3.6–4.7%) than with CIMT (4.7%; 95% CI 4.2–5.5%). The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but non-significant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD (AUC 0.76 vs. 0.74, p =0.21 for relative DOR). Conclusions The present meta-analysis showed that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque, compared with that of CIMT, had a higher diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of future CAD events.
Adequacy of a New Chlorhexidine-Bearing Polyurethane Central Venous Catheter for Administration of 82 Selected Parenteral Drugs

OBJECTIVE:To screen 82 commonly used parenteral medications for compatibility with a new chlorhexidine-bearing central venous catheter, the ARROWg+ard Blue Plus. Evaluations were performed for completeness of drug delivery and impact, if any, of the drugs on the amount of chlorhexidine removed from the internal lumens.DESIGN: Drug solutions were prepared in dextrose 5% injection or NaCl 0.9% at common concentrations. Three 10-mL aliquots of each drug solution were delivered over 10 minutes, one aliquot through each lumen of the triple-lumen catheter. The initial drug concentrations of the admixtures and the effluent samples were analyzed by HPLC for chlorhexidine content and for the amount of drug delivered relative to its initial concentration.RESULTS:The delivery of the infusion solutions alone through sample catheters resulted in no more than trace amounts of chlorhexidine in the solution. Background amounts ranged from <2.5 to 6.1 μg/mL in the first 10 mL of solution. Administration of none of the dru...
Method for secure credit card transaction

Traditional credit cards are not secured as the card numbers could be copied and repetitively used for unauthorized transactions. Credit card security is a major concern for any business establishment. With that in mind, it is hard to put the blame of credit card fraud on one entity versus another (card issuer, card holder, card processor, or funds collector) because all share the same risk. The answer to credit card security is to secure the payment process between the card issuer, and the card reader terminal. By securing those two end points and ensuring that card number is not known to any other entity between those two end points, the card itself would not hold any value even if it got lost or stolen. This paper introduces a new approach to credit card security which takes the pardon and the risk away from all entities by securing the card number so that only the issuer and the reader know what it is. Technically this approach reduces the chances of card fraud by exponential magnitude.
A 22nm 2.5MB slice on-die L3 cache for the next generation Xeon ® processor

The 20-way set associative 2.5MB slice ported L3 cache for the multi-core Xeon® Processor uses 0.108 um2 cell in a 22nm tri-gate technology with 2.7TB maximum bandwidth. It is protected by double-error correction/triple-error detection ECC. The basic building block is designed to support floorplan style on each processor with large L3 cache. On die fuse storage enables high resolution repair coverage. Programmable transient voltage collapse writes assist (TVC-WA), wordline underdrive read assist (WLUD-RA) circuits (RWA) is used to achieve aggressive Vccmin goal. Per-die post silicon RWA fusing and per-die post silicon redundancy flow have significantly improved L3 cache Vccmin by more than 150mv.Shutoff per slice features has reduced SRAM leakage.
Genome nucleotide lengths that are divisible by six are not essential but enhance replication of defective interfering RNAs of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5.

Abstract For some members of the Paramyxoviridae family of negative strand RNA viruses, efficient genome replication only occurs when the total genome length is a multiple of six (6Nlength, whereNis any integer). To determine if this “rule of six” requirement applied to the replication of the prototype paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5), defective interfering (DI) RNA genomes were generated by sequential undiluted passage of virus in tissue culture. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of 10 RNA genomes revealed a series of copyback DI RNAs with chain lengths between 449 and 1365 bases, but only 4 of the 10 naturally occurring RNA genomes were of 6Nlength. Many of the cloned DI genomes could be grouped into two distinct nested sets, with the members of each set having the same polymerase crossover junctions and extent of terminal complementarity but differing from each other by internal deletions. One of these nested sets of genomes consisted of novel DI RNAs that contained a pentameric stretch of nontemplated adenosine residues inserted precisely at the polymerase crossover junction. A reverse genetics system was established in which SV5 DI genomes were replicatedin vivoentirely by cDNA-derived components. Using this system, two naturally occurring SV5 DI RNAs were examined in a mutational analysis to determine the role of genome length on SV5 RNA replication. The progressive insertion of one to six nucleotides into a 6Nlength DI genome (852 bases) resulted in a reduction in replication for RNAs that contained one to four additional bases (∼35–50% of WT levels), followed by an increase back to WT replication levels for genomes that were altered by five and six base insertions (∼70 and 100% of WT levels, respectively). An insertion of five nucleotides into a second non-6Nlength DI RNA (499 total bases) created a genome length that was a multiple of six (504 bases) and led to a ∼10-fold stimulation of replication over that of the unaltered genome. Together, these results indicate that there was a clear influence of 6Ngenome length on SV5 DI RNA replication, but the stringency of this replication requirement appeared to be less than that found previously for other paramyxoviruses. This work completes the testing of the rule of six replication requirement for representatives of each of the four genera of the Paramyxoviridae family and indicates that the preference for replication of 6Nlength RNA genomes varies between the individual paramyxoviruses.
Image analysis by counting on a grid

In recent object/scene recognition research images or large image regions are often represented as disorganized ”bags” of image features. This representation allows direct application of models of word counts in text. However, the image feature counts are likely to be constrained in different ways than word counts in text. As a camera pans upwards from a building entrance over its first few floors and then above the penthouse to the backdrop formed by the mountains, and then further up into the sky, some feature counts in the image drop while others rise–only to drop again giving way to features found more often at higher elevations (Fig. 1). The space of all possible feature count combinations is constrained by the properties of the larger scene as well as the size and the location of the window into it. Accordingly, our model is based on a grid of feature counts, considerably larger than any of the modeled images, and considerably smaller than the real estate needed to tile the images next to each other tightly. Each modeled image is assumed to have a representative window in the grid in which the sum of feature counts mimics the distribution in the image. We provide learning procedures that jointly map all images in the training set to the counting grid and estimate the appropriate local counts in it. Experimentally, we demonstrate that the resulting representation captures the space of feature count combinations more accurately than the traditional models, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, even when modeling images of different scenes from the same category.
Japanese Education in an Era of Internationalization: A Case Study of an Emerging Multicultural Coexistence Model

: Responding to the pressure of internal internationalization, some local communities and schools in Japan started to generate and practice a new philosophy known as “multicultural coexistence” (tabunka kyousei). Based on a long-term ethnographic research in one of the most progressive multicultural communities and elementary schools in Japan, this paper elucidates the shape of an emerging “multicultural coexistence” education model in Japan and provides some implications for its further development. By focusing on returnee and newcomer students enrolled, the paper argues the transformation of school culture, which will be delineated as an interaction among different agencies at the school: “the margin”, “the top”, “the outside” and “the inner core”. From these ethnographic findings, the paper draws five main features of the emerging model—three that are positive and two that are potentially problematic: 1 community-based school reform movement, 2 teachers as decision makers, learners, and cooperators, 3 students’ knowledge and experience as a shared resource, 4 country-oriented approach in difference/similarity framework, 5 treating all differences equally same. Referring to the critiques of multicultural education in the United States of America, the discussion suggests that the issue of social justice should be addressed more in the model by highlighting the issue of ethnicity in Japanese society. Changing teachers’ attitudes toward such direction is vital and the paper proposes that coherent set of institutional changes, which centre around social justice, are necessary to raise teachers motivation.
Micromagnetic study of the correlation between head field gradient and jitter in perpendicular recording

Transition position jitter is the dominant noise source in advanced magnetic recording systems. It has been demonstrated that the jitter is related to the transition parameter and cross-track correlation length of the written transition. Here, micromagnetic simulations were performed to analyze the correlation between the head field gradient and the jitter and to explore which head field gradient can be used for the jitter correlation. Lastly, a micromagnetic read/write model consisting of a pseudo-Voronoi medium, a finite element model (FEM) head field, and a reciprocity playback is used to simulate the recording system.
Ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) length variation across the Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Background The intergenic spacer of the ribosomal genes in eukaryotes (IGS) contains duplications of the core transcription promoter. The number of these duplicated promoters, as measured by the IGS length, appears to be correlated with growth rate and development time in several distantly related taxa. In the present study, we examined IGS length variation across a number of species of Drosophila to determine the amount of variation in this trait across different evolutionary time scales. Furthermore, we compared the usefulness of two methods commonly used to determine IGS length: Southern Blot Hybridization (SB) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Lipid and Protein Oxidation of Chicken Breast Rolls as Affected by Dietary Oxidation Levels and Packaging

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary treatment and packaging on the oxidative stability of breast rolls. Dietary supplementation of antioxidants significantly reduced lipid oxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation (carbonyls) in breast rolls, and the effect of dietary antioxidants on lipid oxidation was more pronounced than protein oxidation. However, dietary oxidized oil did not increase lipid and protein oxidation in breast rolls. Vacuum-packaging significantly delayed the onset of lipid oxidation and protein oxidation in chicken rolls during 7-day refrigerated storage (P < 0.05). The results suggested that appropriate use of dietary supplementation of antioxidants in combination with packaging could minimize lipid oxidation in chicken breast rolls.
Toward a Unified Strategy for Peace Education: Resolving The Two Cultures Problem in the Classroom

Peace studies have tended to bifurcate into two groups, the normative and the scientific. While such a division of labor is useful for scholarship, it results in a two cultures problem when employed in teaching. This paper presents a strategy that would make students sensitive to both the normative and scientific aspects of peace studies and the relationship between the two. The paper identifies the goals of peace education, derives specific educational objectives to meet the goals, and suggests exercises that could be employed to implement the educational objectives.
Kinetics of the gel-to-liquid phase transition of binary lipid bilayers using volume perturbation calorimetry

The relaxation kinetics of the gel-liquid crystalline transition of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) made of binary mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), diapalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) have been studied with volume perturbation calorimetry. The temperature and pressure relaxations following a volume perturbation were used to monitor the transition time-course. Data collected in the time domain were converted into and analyzed in the frequency domain using fourier series representations of the perturbation and response functions. In binary phosphatidylcholine mixtures, the relaxation process consists of more than one exponential decay. The overall relaxation rate of a binary lipid system is increased relative to a single component lipid system. The mean relaxation rate of DMPC-DSPC MLV containing 6 mole% DSPC is nearly three orders of magnitude greater than that of DMPC MLV. But addition of 6 mole% DMPC into DSPC had an effect on the mean relaxation rate at least one order of magnitude smaller. Our data for DMPC-DSPC, DMPC-DPPC and DPPC-DSPC systems show that mixtures with a small amount of lipid with higher melting temperature, T m , in a dominant amount of lipid with lower T m have faster mean relaxation rates than those with a small amount of lipid with lower T m in a dominant amount of lipid with higher T m . Two relaxation time maxima were observed in the phase transition region of al lthree 1:1 phosphatidylcholine mixtures studied, even though the corresponding heat capacity function may have only one maximum. These two relaxation time maxima correspond to temperatures where the two maxima of the equilibrium heat capacity function occur for 1:1 DMPC-DSPC mixture, or the onset and completion edges of the phase transition for 1:1 DMPC-DPPC and DPPC-DSPC mixture. These results suggest that the long relaxation times (∼ sec.) for MLV of pure lipid is not the result of bilayer-bilayer interactions; that binary lipid systems may exhibit dynamic lateral phase separation; and that diffusion may play a role in the dynamics of the relaxation process.
Growth of Division 12 and the Origins of the Section on Clinical Child Psychology (Section 1), 1962—

In his article in the symposium that was supposed to have been presented to the American Association of Clinical Psychologists in 1918, J. E. Wallace Wallin (1919) speculated that in the future, clinical psychology would probably have to be divided up into various “sections” because it was so diverse. When the sections of Division 12 began to be formed in the 1960s, no one seemed to remember Wallin’s words, but he was certainly among the earliest to recognize the heterogeneity of the profession. In a way, Division 12’s present six sections (Clinical Child Psychology, Clinical Geropsychology, Science of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychology of Women, Pediatric Psychology, and Ethnic Minority Issues) are in some ways analogous to APA’s nearly 50 divisions—a way to acknowledge the diverse groups of people the organization is trying to serve.
Understanding patient-centred readmission factors: a multi-site, mixed-methods study

Importance Patient concerns at or before discharge inform many transitional care interventions; few studies examine patients’ perceptions of self-care and other factors related to readmission. Objectives To characterise patient-reported or caregiver-reported factors contributing to readmission. Design, setting and participants Cross-sectional, national study of general medicine patients readmitted within 30 days at 12 US hospitals. Interviews included multiple-choice survey and open-ended survey questions of patients or their caregivers. Measurements Multiple-choice survey quantified post-discharge difficulty in seven domains of self-care: medication use, contacting providers, transportation, basic needs (eg, food and shelter), diet, social support and substance abuse. Open-ended responses were coded into themes that added depth to the domains above or captured additional patient-centred concerns. Results We interviewed 1066 readmitted patients. 91% reported understanding their discharge plan; however, only 37% reported that providers asked about barriers to carrying out the plan. 52% reported experiencing difficulty in ≥1 self-care domains ranging in frequency from 22% (diet) to 7% (substance use); 26% experienced difficulty in two or more domains. Among 508 patients (48% overall) who reported no difficulties in these domains, two-thirds either could not attribute their readmission to any specific difficulty (34%) or attributed their readmission to progression or persistence of their disease despite following their discharge plan (31%). Only 20% attributed their readmission to early discharge (8%), poor-quality hospital care (6%) or issues such as inadequate discharge instructions or follow-up care (6%). Limitations The study population included only patients readmitted at academic medical centres and may not be representative of community-based care. Conclusion Patients readmitted within 30 days reported understanding their discharge plans, but frequent difficulties in self-care and low anticipatory guidance for resolving these issues after discharge.
Cardiac and Pulmonary Contusions

The management of dyspnea in a trauma patient with known pulmonary and cardiac contusions is discussed.
A period 5 difference equation

The main goal of this note is to introduce another second-order differenceequation where every nontrivial solution is of minimal period 5, namelythe difference equation:xn+1 =1 + xn−1xnxn−1 − 1, n = 1, 2, 3, . . .with initial conditions x0 and x1 any real numbers such that x0x1 6= 1.
Seasonal Observations on the Development and Ovipositional Capability of Boophilus Annulatus and B. Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Reared on Bovines

Tests were conducted at Falcon Heights, Texas, in 1979 to determine the timing of parasitic developmental parameters of the ixodid ticks Boophilus microplus and Boophilus annulatus on cattle. Mild seasonal differences in southern Texas had little effect on timing of measured parameters. Nymphal ecdysis first took place 14 and 15 days following larval infestation for B. microplus and B. annulatus , respectively. Replete female B. microplus first detached 19 days postinfestation, while B. annulatus females first detached 21 days postinfestation. Maximum numbers of replete females dropped on the 22nd and 24th days for B. microplus and B. annulatus , respectively. Of B. microplus females forcibly removed from the host on the 19th day or later during the summer and fall, >95% laid eggs. This peak was not reached until females had been on the host for 20 days during winter and spring. In B. annulatus , 22 days were required on the host to ensure that >90% of the females would oviposit, regardless of season.
Commentary on: Cosmetic surgery training in Canadian plastic surgery residencies: are we training competent surgeons?

In “Cosmetic Surgery Training in Canadian Plastic Surgery Residencies: Are We Training Competent Surgeons?” Chivers et al discuss the results from a survey of Canadian senior plastic surgery residents assessing their perceptions regarding the quality of their cosmetic surgery training. This mirrors in design our 2 recent publications regarding plastic surgery resident cosmetic training in the United States.1,2 The results and conclusions of these articles are also quite similar. As stated by the authors, major dichotomies face plastic surgery residents and educators in both Canada and the United States: (1) Major advances in plastic surgery over the past 20 years have led to greater levels of sophistication, requiring increased time and effort to gain the necessary knowledge base and technical skills. Yet recent restrictions on resident work hours have reduced training time, so, paradoxically, there are less training hours in the day. (2) Although plastic surgery residencies have increasingly been concentrated in academic centers, the focus of cosmetic surgery has mostly moved outside these centers. This makes the resident cosmetic surgery experience, at times, less than ideal. Dealing with the flight of cosmetic surgery to private outpatient facilities is not an easy task for residency program directors. How does the department match the convenience, the privacy, and the inviting atmosphere of the private surgicenter? Can the academic plastic surgeon be as clinically productive as the private practice surgeon, given his or her many nonclinical mandated responsibilities? …
Pharmacokinetics study of aripiprazole tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers

OBJECTIVE To research the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole in healthy volunteers after administration with single or multiple dose of aripiprazoLe,and compare its gender difference.METHODS In single dose study,6 male and 6 female volunteers received a single dose of 10,20,40 mg aripiprazole tablets,respectively in 3 stages.In multiple dose study,other 6 male and 6 female volunteers administered aripiprazole tablets(20 mg,qd,for 14 days).Aripiprazole concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC.Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared by statistic analysis.RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the single-dose study of 10,20,40 mg were,respectively,as follows:AUC0-t(16 431.8±2 350.5),(40 184.0±5 256.7)and(71 629.1±8 616.5)μg·h·L-1;tmax(4.4±1.3),(4.2±0.8)and(4.3±0.9)h;Cmax(187.2±20.9),(410.1±58.3) and(700.8±143.6) μg·L-1;t1/2,β(83.22±9.43),(75.11±10.06) and(84.17±22.43)h..The steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUCτss(11961.1±2675.7)μg·h·L-1;tssmax为(4.4±1.2)h;Cssmax(634.2±137.1)μg·L-1;Cssmin(361.3±95.7)μg·L-1;Cav(498.4±111.5)μg·L-1;DF(55.6±7.5) %;t1/2β(66.42±12.65)h.Statistical analysis indicated that there was no gender difference in pharmacokinetic parameters,except of tssmax in multiple dose study.CONCLUSION The concentration-time curves of aripiprazole are fitted to a two-compartment model.In the dose range of 10-40 mg,Cmax and AUC0-t follow the rule of dose-dependant manner.There was no gender difference in the main pharmacokinetic parameters.
G-quadruplex RNA binding and recognition by the lysine-specific histone demethylase-1 enzyme

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an essential epigenetic regulator in metazoans and requires the co-repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) to efficiently catalyze the removal of mono- and dimethyl functional groups from histone 3 at lysine positions 4 and 9 (H3K4/9). LSD1 interacts with over 60 regulatory proteins and also associates with lncRNAs (TERRA, HOTAIR), suggesting a regulatory role for RNA in LSD1 function. We report that a stacked, intramolecular G-quadruplex (GQ) forming TERRA RNA (GG[UUAGGG]8UUA) binds tightly to the functional LSD1-CoREST complex (Kd ≈ 96 nM), in contrast to a single GQ RNA unit ([UUAGGG]4U), a GQ DNA ([TTAGGG]4T), or an unstructured single-stranded RNA. Stabilization of a parallel-stranded GQ RNA structure by monovalent potassium ions (K(+)) is required for high affinity binding to the LSD1-CoREST complex. These data indicate that LSD1 can distinguish between RNA and DNA as well as structured versus unstructured nucleotide motifs. Further, cross-linking mass spectrometry identified the primary location of GQ RNA binding within the SWIRM/amine oxidase domain (AOD) of LSD1. An ssRNA binding region adjacent to this GQ binding site was also identified via X-ray crystallography. This RNA binding interface is consistent with kinetic assays, demonstrating that a GQ-forming RNA can serve as a noncompetitive inhibitor of LSD1-catalyzed demethylation. The identification of a GQ RNA binding site coupled with kinetic data suggests that structured RNAs can function as regulatory molecules in LSD1-mediated mechanisms.
The Role of Vertebral Veins in the Dissemination of Prostatic Carcinoma

The concept that the vertebral system of veins acts as a direct conduit in the spread of prostatic carcinoma to the skeletal system is based on the poorly documented observation that this tumor metastasizes preferentially to the pelvis, lumbar spine and sacrum. We analyzed 99mtechnetium bone scans in patients with skeletal metastases from assorted primary tumors and found that the distribution of metastases was virtually identical in patients with prostatic and nonprostatic tumors. Of the patients with prostatic carcinoma 25 per cent had bone scan lesions exclusively outside the region of the sacrum, pelvis and lumbar spine. The distribution of skeletal metastases from prostatic carcinoma does not support the concept that the vertebral veins have a substantial role in the dissemination of this tumor.
Preaching Motherhood and Womanhood from the Christian Pulpit: Information Dissemination and Use

ABSTRACTThe sermons clergy preach every Sunday can provide tremendous insight into current religious thinking about motherhood and womanhood. A database of sermons preached by clergy from a sample of Christian churches in the United States was searched for sermons given on Mother's Day 2014. A grounded theory approach explored how clergy framed these constructs. Results show that although clergy tend to frame these concepts in stereotypical ways, there is great complexity in how this is done. Clergy use a variety of information sources to preach on the roles of women and mothers, providing insight into the very construction of these roles.
Optimal Campaign Continuous Manufacturing

Campaign continuous manufacturing (CM), characterized by relatively short operational windows such as a few weeks, is being explored as an alternative to traditional batch-wise manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry. However, optimal operation in campaign CM can be challenging because of the significance of startup and shutdown phases, which can negatively affect on-specification production and plant economy. In this paper, the effectiveness and computational tractability of several known optimization approaches when applied to campaign CM are investigated. Inspired by the turnpike property in optimal control, a new approach is then proposed, which aims to maximize on-specification production explicitly rather than minimizing the startup/shutdown times as commonly adopted in high-volume industries. A main contribution in the new approach is that the resulting optimization formulation is guaranteed to be differentiable, despite the underlying hybrid dynamic system. Thus, it can be solved reliably usi...
Molecular Determinants of Scaffold-induced Linear Ubiquitinylation of B Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 10 (Bcl10) during T Cell Receptor and Oncogenic Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein 11 (CARD11) Signaling *

The activation of NF-κB downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement is a key signaling step required for normal lymphocyte function during the adaptive immune response. During TCR signaling, the adaptor protein Bcl10 is inducibly recruited to the CARD11 scaffold protein as part of a multicomponent complex that induces IκB kinase (IKK) activity and NF-κB activation. Here, we show that a consequence of this recruitment is the TCR-induced conjugation of Bcl10 with linear-linked polyubiquitin chains to generate the signaling intermediate Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10, which is required for the association of Bcl10 with the NEMO subunit of the IKK complex. The TCR-induced generation of Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 requires Bcl10 lysines 17, 31, and 63, CARD11, MALT1, and the HOIP subunit of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) but not the HOIP accessory protein SHARPIN. CARD11 promotes signal-induced Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 generation by co-recruiting Bcl10 with HOIP, thereby bringing substrate to enzyme. The CARD11-HOIP interaction is rendered TCR-inducible by the four autoinhibitory repressive elements in the CARD11 inhibitory domain and involves the CARD11 coiled-coil domain and two independent regions of HOIP. Interestingly, oncogenic CARD11 variants associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma spontaneously induce Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10 production to extents that correlate with their abilities to activate NF-κB and with their enhanced abilities to bind HOIP and Bcl10. Our results define molecular determinants that control the production of Lin(Ub)n-Bcl10, an important signaling intermediate in TCR and oncogenic CARD11 signaling.