cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LEED/Auger verification of the in situ method of preparation of Pt (111) single crystal electrodes

Abstract Clean and ordered Pt (111) surfaces were produced by a method involving the transfer of iodine protected surfaces from ultra-high vacuum to solution, followed by electrochemical I-CO exchange. This was verified by the use of a combined LEED/Auger and electrochemistry instrument, which is also described. Cyclic voltammetry of a clean Pt (111) surface was studied, as well as the electroactivity, surface composition, and structures of liquid phase dosed carbon monoxide. LEED measurements show CO structures similar to those obtained by gas phase dosing. UHV-exposure of adsorbed CO does not alter its electro-oxidation behavior.
Science at the Center: An Emergent, Standards-Based, Child-Centered Framework for Early Learners

This article will describe an approach to planning and assessment that is designed to support an emergent, play-based curriculum while helping teachers make informed instructional decisions. Using assessment that supports curriculum allows early childhood professionals to infuse early learning content standards into meaningful, relevant and connected topics of study. Through a combined effort among teachers, administrators and university faculty, one demonstration school developed a method of integrating and evaluating content standards and developmental skills into an emergent curriculum model. While this remains a work in progress, it does show promise for being an effective way to address state standards while maintaining recommended developmentally appropriate practices.
Neural modulation of cutaneous differentiation: epidermal hyperplasia and precocious hair development following partial neuralectomy in opossum pups

The original intent of the present study was to evaluate the compensatory response of the nervous system to areas of denervation. A portion of the spinal cord in the lumbosacral region of one-day opossum pups (Monodelphis domesticus) was removed by cauterization. This partial neuralectomy produced an expected compensatory response of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, but in addition produced unexpected abnormalities of cutaneous differentiation. At 4-6 days following surgery, an increase in the thickness of the epidermis resembling glabrous palmar or plantar skin was seen. This hyperplastic epidermis appeared to be associated with an abnormally dense innervation of the dermis and epidermis. Eight days following partial neuralectomy most animals showed areas of precocious hair development. Nerve fibers were always seen in the dermis associated with these precocious hairs and were seen to penetrate the basal lamina in the region of the epidermal-hair shaft boundary. These results imply a critical role for afferent nerves in the normal development of the skin and its appendages.
Educational productivity: Urgent needs and new remedies

S A PERIOD OF EDUCATIONAL reform is ending, more radical restructuring is beginning. Dissatisfied with current progress, the industrialized countries of Western Europe, North America, and the Pacific want more efficiency from their education systems. Similarly, investors in the third world such as the World Bank compare the benefits and costs of loans for building schools, hospitals, and roads to find out which is the best investment. In the United States, educational consumers-business and civic leaders, citizens, and parents-demand evidence from educators of learning value for money spent. The views of U.S. educators and those they serve increasingly diverge. A recent U.S. poll showed that 86 percent of school superintendents gave the schools a rating of good or very good, while 77 percent of business executives rated them fair or poor (Allstate, 1990). One-third of superintendents but 92 percent of the business executives thought Japan has a better school system. Both groups recognized family problems and low motivation of students and teachers as underlying problems, but higher percentages of executives cited low academic standards, poorly trained teachers, and a lack of emphasis on basic skills.
Quantitation of interferon regulatory factor transcripts in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-2, the two mutually antagonistic factors, fluctuate during the cell cycle and play an important role in normal and neoplastic growth processes. The relative levels of these two transcripts were analyzed in 5 normal and 43 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow (BM) specimens by a semiquantitative RT-PCR method. IRF-1 and IRF-2 cDNA sequences were coamplified using primers that were designed to span regions of high homology between the genes. Each primer can anneal equally to both IRF-1 and IRF-2 sequences. Hence, the relative amount of amplified products from each cDNA species provides an estimation of proportional concentration of the RNA transcripts in the test sample. Results indicate expression of both the transcripts on all the leukemia and lymphoma cell lines tested, normal and AML BM. Significantly higher IRF-1:IRF-2 ratio was observed in normal as compared to AML BM (p = 0.007). There was no correlation with clinical factors such as FAB subtype. A sing...
Cup products and finite loop spaces

Abstract A new factorization of the cup product u ( Sq 8 u ) through secondary operations is used to study the existence of spaces whose mod 2 cohomology is a polynomial algebra. Criteria are developed to determine when a finite loop space has the rational cohomology of a Lie group. In a subsequent paper it is shown that the first nonvanishing homotopy group of a finite H -space must occur in degrees 1, 3 or 7.
The type I macrophage scavenger receptor binds to gram-positive bacteria and recognizes lipoteichoic acid.

Abstract Macrophage scavenger receptors exhibit unusually broad binding specificity for polyanionic ligands and have been implicated in atherosclerosis and various host defense functions. Using a radiolabeled, secreted form of the type I bovine macrophage scavenger receptor in an in vitro binding assay, we have found that this receptor binds to intact Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus hirae, and Listeria monocytogenes. Competition binding studies using purified lipoteichoic acid, an anionic polymer expressed on the surface of most Gram-positive bacteria, show that lipoteichoic acids are scavenger receptor ligands and probably mediate binding of the receptor to Gram-positive bacteria. Lipoteichoic acids, for which no host cell receptors have previously been identified, are implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock due to Gram-positive bacteria. Scavenger receptors may participate in host defense by clearing lipoteichoic acid and/or intact bacteria from tissues and the circulation during Gram-positive sepsis. Since scavenger receptors have been previously shown to bind to and facilitate bloodstream clearance of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), these receptors may provide a general mechanism for macrophage recognition and internalization of pathogens and their cell surface components.
Role of ATP and sodium in polyamine transport in bovine pulmonary artery smooth cells

Increased polyamine transport may be a key mechanism driving elevations in lung cell polyamine content necessary for the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in culture exhibit two carriers for polyamines, a non-selective one shared by the three polyamines, putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM), and another that is selective for SPD and SPM. Hypoxia appears to up-regulate both carriers. In this study, we examined the role of ATP and the Na+ gradient in regulating polyamine transport in control PASMCs and in PASMCs with polyamine transport augmented by culture under hypoxic conditions (Po2: 15-30 torr). Inhibition of ATP synthesis with dinitrophenol+iodoacetate profoundly reduced polyamine uptake in both control and hypoxic PASMCs. Putrescine uptake was somewhat more sensitive to iso-osmotic replacement of extracellular Na+ with choline chloride or sucrose than were SPD or SPM in both hypoxic and standard cells, but under no conditions did Na+ replacement substantially alter polyamine uptake. Treatment of PASMCs with ouabain, a Na(+)-K+ ATPase inhibitor, or with gramicidin, a Na+ ionophore, minimally attenuated polyamine transport, whereas the Na+/K+ ionophore monensin increased polyamine uptake in standard, but not in hypoxic, cells. In general, the reduction in the extracellular Na+ content or ionophore-induced increases in Na+ permeability had a greater suppressive effect on polyamine transport in hypoxic cells than in standard cells, suggestive of the induction of Na(+)-dependent polyamine carriers by hypoxia. These observations indicate that the activities of the two putative polyamine transport pathways in standard PASMCs, as well as their up-regulation by hypoxia, require ATP synthesis. In addition, it appears that polyamine transport in PASMCs is composed of two components: one a prominent sodium-independent transporter and the other a relatively minor component that is sodium dependent. The latter may be activated by hypoxic exposure in combination with the induction of new polyamine carriers.
Human Capital, Economic Development, and the Rural Poor: Discussion

It is a pleasure for me to comment on the two papers presented: one by Allen and Thompson ("Rural Poverty Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities") and the other by Christy and Figueroa ("The Impacts of Structural Change and Public Policy on the Economic Well Being of the Rural Disadvantaged"). Both papers complement each other nicely by focusing on the often neglected disadvantaged populations in rural America and the possible correlates or "determinants" of rural poverty. They also bring to light much needed information on rural African-Americans and
Publications of the Entomological Society of America

“This initial number of the Annals of the Entomological Society of America marks the beginning of an enterprise which it is hoped may become of the greatest value to entomological science in America” (Annals 1908, 1(1):1). These introductory comments were published in the first issue of the Annals, which was founded by the old Entomological Society of America. The Journal of Economic Entomology also began publishing in 1908, under the auspices of the American Association of Economic Entomologists. When these two societies merged in 1953, the Annals and JEE were the sole scientific periodicals of the new ESA. Since 1953, ESA has continued to use its publications as the primary vehicle to meet its constitutional charge to promote the science of entomology and all its subdisciplines. Currently, ESA publishes four bimonthly journals, a quarterly magazine, a series called Miscellaneous Publications, an annual edition of Insecticide & Acaricide Tests, as well as the Thomas Say Foundation Monographs. Publications, therefore, remain a significant activity of ESA, which is expected to spend about 600,000 in 1989 for typesetting and printing.
More about spaces with a small diagonal

Huysek defines a space X to have a small diagonal if each uncountable subset of X 2 disjoint from the diagonal has an uncountable subset whose closure is dis- joint from the diagonal. Huysek proved that a compact space of weight !1 which has a small diagonal will be metrizable, but it remains an open problem to determine if the weight restriction is necessary. It has been shown to be consistent that each compact space with a small diagonal is metrizable; in particular, Juhasz and Szentmiklossy proved that this holds in models of CH. In the present paper we prove that this also follows from the Proper Forcing Axiom (PFA). We furthermore present two (consistent) exam- ples of countably compact non-metrizable spaces with small diagonal, one of which maps perfectly onto !1.
Insectivores, rodents, and carnivores of the Toledo Bend Local Fauna: an Arikareean (earliest Miocene) assemblage from the Texas Coastal Plain

ABSTRACT Material representing at least six different species of rodents, one insectivore, and two carnivores was recovered from a submerged paleochannel deposit in the lower part of the Fleming Formation, near the Toledo Bend Dam in easternmost Texas. A “middle” Arikareean Land Mammal Age for this Gulf Coastal Plain fauna is implied by its similarity with other faunas of comparable age in Florida and the northern Great Plains, such as the Buda Local Fauna and the Monroe Creek Fauna, respectively. The rodents from the Toledo Bend Local Fauna include the squirrel Protospermophilus, the castorid “Monosaulax” hesperus, and a possible new genus and species of eomyid or cricetid remarkably similar to the European middle Oligocene cricetid Pseudocricetodon montalbanensis. Two new species of heteromyid, Proheteromys sabinensis and P. toledoensis, are described, and a temporal and spatial range extension is noted for the rare geomyoid Texomys. A tiny “mustelid” tentatively referred to Palaeogale is recorded, as i...
Digital Ontologies: The Ideality of Form in/and Code Storage—or— Can Graphesis Challenge Mathesis?

Digital media gain their cultural authority in part because of the perception that they function on mathematical principles. The relationship between digital images and their encoded files, and in other cases, between digital images and the algorithms that generate them as display, lends itself to a conviction that the image and the file are mutually interchangeable. This relationship posits a connection of identicality between the file and the image according to which the mathematical basis and the image seem to share similar claims to truth. Since the history of images within Western culture is fraught with charges of deception and illusion, the question arises whether the ontological condition of the digital image, its very existence and identity, challenges this tradition. Or, by contrast, does the material instantiation of images, in their display or output, challenge the truth claims of the mathematically based digital file?
Estimating monthly-averaged air-sea transfers of heat and momentum using the bulk aerodynamic method

Abstract Air-sea transfers of sensible heat, latent heat and momentum are computed from 25 years of middle-latitude and subtropical ocean weather ship data in the North Atlantic and North Pacific using the bulk aerodynamic method. The results show that monthly averaged wind speeds, temperatures and humidities can be used to estimate the monthly averaged sensible and latent heat fluxes from the bulk aero-dynamic equations to within a relative error of ∼10%. The estimates of monthly averaged wind stress under the assumption of neutral stability are shown to be within ∼5% of the monthly averaged non-neutral values.
Coherent magnon optics in a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.

We measure the dispersion relation, gap, and magnetic moment of a magnon in the ferromagnetic $F=1$ spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. From the dispersion relation we measure an average effective mass $1.033(2{)}_{\text{stat}}(10{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ times the atomic mass, as determined by interfering standing and running coherent magnon waves within the dense and trapped condensed gas. The measured mass is higher than theoretical predictions of mean-field and beyond-mean-field Beliaev theory for a bulk spinor Bose gas with $s$-wave contact interactions. We observe a magnon energy gap of $h\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2.5(1{)}_{\text{stat}}(2{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$, which is consistent with the predicted effect of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. These dipolar interactions may also account for the high magnon mass. The effective magnetic moment of $\ensuremath{-}1.04(2{)}_{\text{stat}}(8{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}$ times the atomic magnetic moment is consistent with mean-field theory.
The Raman spectrum and the structure of N2O3

Abstract The Raman spectrum of dinitrogen trioxide in methylene chloride solution has been obtained at reduced temperatures. Six lines in this spectrum have been assigned to the trioxide. These Raman lines together with the infrared spectrum obtained previously make possible the assignment of all fundamentals of the dinitrogen trioxide molecule except the torsional mode. From the spectral data and from the available thermodynamic data, certain conclusions concerning the torsional frequency and the molecular structure are deduced.
Can the different presentation of the diabetic ischaemic foot be explained by different distributions of arterial disease

Background and aims It is difficult to understand the various presentations of the diabetic ischaemic foot. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and angiological features of three presentations of the diabetic ischaemic foot: the painful ischaemic foot with tissue loss (group 1), the painful ischaemic foot with no tissue loss (group 2), and the painless ischaemic foot with tissue loss (group 3). The hypothesis was that Group 1 patients would have more extensive distribution.
Social Interaction and Repetitive Motor Behaviors

Students with autism have difficulty initiating social interactions and may exhibit repetitive motor behavior (e.g., body rocking, hand flapping). Increasing social interaction by teaching new skills may lead to reductions in problem behavior, such as motor stereotypies. Additionally, self-monitoring strategies can increase the maintenance of skills. A multiple baseline design was used to examine whether multi-component social skills intervention (including peer training, social initiation instruction, and self-monitoring) led to a decrease in repetitive motor behavior. Social initiations for all participants increased when taught to initiate, and social interactions continued when self-monitoring was introduced. Additionally, participants' repetitive motor behavior was reduced. Changes in social behavior and in repetitive motor behavior maintained more than one month after the intervention ended.
An overview of a compiler for mapping MATLAB programs onto FPGAs

This paper describes a behavioral synthesis tool called the MATCH compiler developed as part of the DARPA Adaptive Computing Systems program. The MATCH compiler reads in high-level descriptions of DSP applications written in MATLAB, and automatically generates synthesizable RTL models in VHDL. The RTL models can be synthesized using commercial logic synthesis tools and place and route tools onto FPGAs. By linking the two design domains of DSP and FPGA hardware design, the MATCH compiler provides DSP design teams a significant reduction in design labor and time, elimination of misinterpretations and costly design rework, automatic verification of the hardware implementation, and the ability of systems engineers and algorithm developers to perform architectural exploration in the early phases of their development cycle. The paper describes how powerful directives are used to provide high-level architectural tradeoffs for the DSP designer. The MATCH compiler has been transferred to a startup company called AccelChip which has developed a commercial version of the compiler called AccelFPGA. Experimental results are reported using AccelFPGA on a set of nine MATLAB benchmarks that are mapped onto the recent Xilinx Virtex II and Altera Stratix FPGAs. The benchmark programs range in complexity from 20 lines to 170 lines of MATLAB code and produce VHDL code ranging from 1500 to 4500 lines of code. The compilation times range from 3 seconds to 40 seconds.
L-Asparagine synthetase: a marker for metastases.

Abstract Leukemia 5178 Y AR (resistant to l -asparaginase) contains l -asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.5.4). As this neoplasm grows in the inguinal tissue of BDF1 mice, it metastasizes widely. l -Asparagine synthetase has been found to increase in concentration in liver, spleen, kidney, and several other tissues as a concomitant of such metastasis. Treatment with l -asparaginase on the day prior to or the day following inoculation of tumor is known to augment lung metastases of B16 melanoma (6). In the present studies, pretreatment with l -asparaginase enhanced the metastasis of subcutaneous L 5178 Y AR and also augmented the concentration of l -asparagine synthetase in the livers of tumor-bearing mice, even during the early stages of tumor growth before gross metastases had developed. When the concentration of viable tumor cells in various organs, as determined by bioassay, was compared with the organ level of l -asparagine synthetase, an acceptable correlation was observed. Histopathologic assessment of random liver sections proved to be less sensitive than bioanalytic or enzymologic methods as an index of metastasis. The enzymologic measurement of the metastasis of L 5178 Y AR has the additional advantage of being notably less time-consuming than the other techniques examined.
European Regional Studies: A Coming of Age?

This article reviews current developments in European regional studies. A brief history of settlement archaeology as practiced in Europe is followed by a discussion of new approaches to regional analysis and surface survey. I argue that recent, steady investments in the technology, methods, and theory of regional archaeological analysis and surface survey have stimulated advances in the study of settlement patterns and settlement pattern change through time in many parts of Europe. When innovative technologies (e.g., remote sensing, GPS, GIS), methods (e.g., geoarchaeology, “siteless” survey), and new theoretical frameworks (both processual and postprocessual) have been combined, breakthroughs in our understanding of European settlement have resulted. In the last half of the article, I describe some of these breakthroughs in a broad discussion of European settlement history, beginning with the earliest prehistory of Europe through the Middle Ages. Shifts in perspective are particularly apparent for phases of transition: from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic, Paleolithic to Mesolithic to Neolithic, and with the rise and expansion of states.
Communications: On Rule‐based Artificial Neural Networks

Neural networks which are integrated with rule‐based systems having a knowledge base offer more capabilities than networks not integrated with such systems.
A Pilot Study of Psychotherapist Trainees' Alpha-Amylase and Cortisol Levels During Treatment of Recently Suicidal Clients With Borderline Traits.

Psychotherapists often experience stress while providing psychotherapy, in particular when working with difficult presentations such as suicidality. As part of a larger study on the treatment of recently suicidal college students with borderline traits, 6 therapists in training collected their own salivary samples for alpha-amylase (AA) and cortisol (C) analyses immediately before and after sessions with 2 selected clients. On average, samples were collected for the same therapist–patient dyad throughout the year-long study to ensure that data reflected therapist responses across stages of treatment. Therapists also completed a working alliance questionnaire and rated perceived session difficulty immediately after each selected session. Contrary to expectations, therapists demonstrated elevated levels of stress as measured by AA and C at presession relative to postsession levels. Greater session difficulty was related to more pronounced declines in AA, whereas a stronger working alliance was linked to more pronounced reductions in C. Results suggest that physiological stress responses while working with recently suicidal clients with borderline traits occur primarily in terms of session anticipatory anxiety, whereas AA and C changes may be affected differently by factors such as session difficulty and working alliance. This is a pilot study, limited by its sample size, but the design, findings, and inclusion of physiological measures present an initial step in an essential line of research.
Dialysis membrane adsorption during CRRT

Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that dialysis membrane biocompatibility may influence the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute renal failure. Complement activation by dialysis membranes may also prolong the recovery from acute renal failure. In this article, we review the concept of dialysis membrane adsorption, with particular attention to adsorption/inhibition of factor D, a highly specific serine protease of the alternative pathway of complement. The adsorptive properties of some dialysis membranes may be useful during continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) in critically ill patients.
Organ scaling in mammals: The liver

1. Values for liver weight, in growing and adult male and female mammals, both terrestrial and aquatic, as well as values for hepatic blood flow, blood volume and oxygen consumption are submitted to linear (log-log) regression analysis. 2. The slope of the regression line for liver weight on adult body weight in adult mammals was found to be 0.886. No statistically significant difference was found between male and female, nor between terrestrial and aquatic mammals (at the 1% confidence level). 3. Over about four orders of magnitude there is (on present evidence) a tendency for the mammalian liver to grow as about the 0.94 power of body weight (pre- and post-natal). 4. The slopes of the regression lines for hepatic blood flow, blood volume and oxygen consumption were found to be 0.91, 0.86 and 0.69, respectively. 5. The mean hepatocyte size in fixed tissue of rats was found to be 7400 micrometers 3. 6. It is argued that the slope of the regression line for hepatic oxygen consumption in mammals generally is likely to fall in the range of 0.67-0.77.
Reignition of Metallic A-C. Arcs in Air

Developments made in circuit breakers in the last two years have emphasized the necessity for obtaining experimental evidence of the current-voltage-time relationships that exist during the period when the a-c. arc between metallic electrodes passes through its cyclic current zero. Twenty-nine cathode-ray oscillograms of these relationships are presented. During the current zero period the arc electrode voltage is determined by the circuit constants and rises until the electrode voltage reaches the breakdown or reignition value, which is determined by the deionizing influences at work while the arc is extinguished. Alteration of the circuit constants permits a variation in the rate of voltage rise with a consequent change in the reignition voltage. Permanent extinguishment of the arc occurs when the gap breakdown voltage has risen, due to deionizing influences, to a value that cannot be reached by the electrode voltage controlled by circuit constants. The action of a circuit breaker in extinguishing an arc is greatly influenced by the presence of adjacent load circuits and by the presence of distributed inductance and capacity in the connecting lines.
Earth rotation measurement yields valuable information about the dynamics of the Earth system

Intensive work in recent years has demonstrated the value of high precision and high temporal resolution in collecting Earth rotation data, paving the way for continuous measurement that will open exciting new research areas in geophysics as the new millennium unfolds. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) will continue to be a principal technique. However, it will have greatly improved precision and temporal resolution, making possible more in-depth studies of geophysical phenomena affecting Earth rotation. Originally developed as a radio astronomical technique for high-resolution mapping of distant radio sources, VLBI, when “turned around,” has become a valuable tool in geodesy. Because of its past success, a new VLBI project, Continuous Observation of the Rotation of the Earth (CORE), was launched last year. It is being implemented in phases by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in collaboration with the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) [see Ma et al., 1997].
Discovery of potent, non-carbonyl inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition is a promising target for the treatment of pain, anxiety and depression. The vast majority of FAAH inhibitors contain an electrophilic moiety and are known to react covalently with the enzyme. Herein we present the discovery of potent inhibitors, such as RN-450 29, which are based upon a novel tetrahydropyridopyridine scaffold lacking an obvious electrophilic site, and which appear to inhibit FAAH in a reversible and non-covalent manner.
Reliability of the AAMD adaptive behavior scale-public school version

Abstract Interrater reliability and stability of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale- Public School Version, Part I was investigated. Thirty-one children enrolled in resource classes for the educable mentally handicapped were rated by their parent, special education teacher, regular classroom teacher, and an independent observer. Raters completed the scale a second time 2 weeks after the initial ratings. Significant differences were found between raters, although ratings were stable over time. In general, ratings of special education teachers were lower than those of parents, regular classroom teachers, and the observer.
A Behavioral Group Treatment Program for Menopausal Hot Flashes: Results of a Pilot Study

In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group treatment (CBGT) for hot flashes in menopausal women. Treatment was administered over 8, 90 min weekly sessions and consisted of education, relaxation training and cognitive restructuring. Nineteen women meeting STRAW staging criteria for the menopause transition (stages -1 to +1) were randomly assigned to immediate or delayed treatment (wait list) and were asked to monitor their hot flashes and night sweats prospectively. They also completed questionnaires, including the Women's Health Questionnaire and the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire to determine psychosocial benefits of treatment. Results suggested that the CBGT was moderately successful in reducing the frequency of total vasomotor symptoms [F (1, 17) = 6.16, p < .01], as measured by daily symptom diaries. While there were arithmetic improvements in psychosocial functioning in this sample, these results were not significant. Despite the limitations of small sample size and possible placebo effect, this pilot study supports the notion that cognitive-behavioral interventions aimed at reducing vasomotor symptoms may be of value for menopausal hot flashes when administered in a small-group format.
An ultra-fast, on-chip BiST for RF low noise amplifiers

This paper presents an ultra-fast built in self test (BiST) approach for RF low noise amplifiers. The technique uses test inputs of moderate precision and low overhead base-band circuitry to quantify various functional specifications in the LNA such as input/output match, power gain and linearity. The total self-test time for all these parameters is 15/spl mu/s, which is several orders of magnitude improvement over existing test techniques. The BiST circuitry described presents low real estate and power overheads and does not require the presence of DSP cores to achieve self-test. The technique has been demonstrated for a 1.9GHz cascode LNA designed in the 0.25 micron IBM 6RF process.
A Demographic Study of AAC/AT Needs in Hospitalized Patients

Abstract In 2012, the Joint Commission issued a mandate that accredited hospitals must take into consideration the needs of patients with complex communication needs. Stemming from this mandate cam...
Speech enhancement via adaptive eigenfiltering

The eigenfilter is an FIR filter that maximizes the SNR of its output. An algorithm for adaptive eigenfiltering is described and is applied to sinusoidal signals and speech signals. >
A Killing on Ring Jaw Bluff: The Great Recession and the Death of Small Town Georgia. By William Rawlings. (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2013. Pp. vii, 276. $29.00.)

This book has much to offer. The author, a physician, tells the story of his great‐uncle Charlie Rawlings, who was convicted of killing his cousin and business associate, Gus Tarbutton, in 1925. Bu...
Assessment and Education of Children With Cerebral Palsy in the Soviet Union

Soviet defectological literature on children with cerebral palsy (CP) is concerned with diagnosis and assessment of cognitive functions as well as with education and training. Three syndromes have been identified as part of childhood cerebral pathology: CP, oligophrenia, and minimal brain damage. Various communication, sensory, perceptual, and cognitive defects of CP children are discussed in the literature, as well as educational difficulties with acquisition of arithmetic, reading, and writing skills. Remedial efforts have included physical exercise, manual labor, perceptual training, and verbal mediation techniques.
Corticosteroid therapy in regressive autism: a retrospective study of effects on the Frequency Modulated Auditory Evoked Response (FMAER), language, and behavior.

Up to a third of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) manifest regressive autism (R-ASD).They show normal early development followed by loss of language and social skills. Absent evidence-based therapies, anecdotal evidence suggests improvement following use of corticosteroids. This study examined the effects of corticosteroids for R-ASD children upon the 4 Hz frequency modulated evoked response (FMAER) arising from language cortex of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and upon EEG background activity, language, and behavior. An untreated clinical convenience sample of ASD children served as control sample. Twenty steroid-treated R-ASD (STAR) and 24 not-treated ASD patients (NSA), aged 3 - 5 years, were retrospectively identified from a large database. All study participants had two sequential FMAER and EEG studies;Landau-Kleffner syndrome diagnosis was excluded. All subjects’ records contained clinical receptive and expressive language ratings based upon a priori developed metrics. The STAR group additionally was scored behaviorally regarding symptom severity as based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) ASD criteria list. EEGs were visually scored for abnormalities. FMAER responses were assessed quantitatively by spectral analysis. Treated and untreated group means and standard deviations for the FMAER, EEG, language, and behavior, were compared by paired t-test and Fisher’s exact tests. The STAR group showed a significant increase in the 4 Hz FMAER spectral response and a significant reduction in response distortion compared to the NSA group. Star group subjects’ language ratings were significantly improved and more STAR than NSA group subjects showed significant language improvement. Most STAR group children showed significant behavioral improvement after treatment. STAR group language and behavior improvement was retained one year after treatment. Groups did not differ in terms of minor EEG abnormalities. Steroid treatment produced no lasting morbidity. Steroid treatment was associated with a significantly increased FMAER response magnitude, reduction of FMAER response distortion, and improvement in language and behavior scores. This was not observed in the non-treated group. These pilot findings warrant a prospective randomized validation trial of steroid treatment for R-ASD utilizing FMAER, EEG, and standardized ASD, language and behavior measures, and a longer follow-up period. Please see related article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/79
The sufficiency of the ‘lens condition’ for factor price equalization in the case of two factors

Factor price equalization (FPE) is a central theme in trade theory, for which (Dixit, A.K., Norman, V., 1980. Theory of International Trade, Cambridge University Press, London) establish the necessary and sufficient condition (the Dixit-Norman condition). (Deardorff, A.V. 1994. The possibility of factor price equalization: revisited, Journal of International Economics 36, 167-175.) provides a more intuitive condition (the lens condition) and establishes its necessity in general, as well as its sufficiency for the case of two countries. In this paper, I prove that the lens condition is sufficient for FPE in the case of two factors. This theorem has implications for empirical work. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Orthophosphate, Nucleotide Analogues, ADP, and Phosphorylation on the Cytoplasmic Domains of Ca2+-ATPase from Scallop Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

The effects of orthophosphate, nucleotide analogues, ADP, and covalent phosphorylation on the tryptic fragmentation patterns of the E1 and E2 forms of scallop Ca-ATPase were examined. Sites preferentially cleaved by trypsin in the E1 form of the Ca-ATPase were detected in the nucleotide (N) and phosphorylation (P) domains, as well as the actuator (A) domain. These sites were occluded in the E2 (Ca(2+)-free) form of the enzyme, consistent with mutual protection of the A, N, and P domains through their association into a clustered structure. Similar protection of cytoplasmic Ca(2+)-dependent tryptic cleavage sites was observed when the catalytic binding site for substrate on the E1 form of scallop Ca-ATPase was occupied by Pi, AMP-PNP, AMP-PCP, or ADP despite the presence of saturating levels of Ca2+. These results suggest that occupation of the catalytic site on E1 can induce condensation of the cytoplasmic domains to yield a unique structural intermediate that may be related to the form of the enzyme in which the active site is prepared for phosphoryl transfer. The effect of Pi on the E2 form of the scallop Ca-ATPase was also investigated, when it was found that formation of E2-P led to extreme resistance toward secondary cleavage by trypsin and stabilization of enzymatic activity for long periods of time.
Hydroxamic acids I: Factors affecting the stability of the hydroxamic acid-iron complex

The utility of hydroxamic acid formation and subsequent iron complexation as an analytical tool for succinimide has been investigated. Several factors affecting the stability of the hydroxamic acid-ferric iron complex have been studied and critical factors in the stability of the complex have been established. Conditions for a stable complex are reported. An assay utilizing hydroxamic acid formation from succinimide has been developed and shown to be completely reproducible. Two hydroxamic acids, acetohydroxamic acid and N-hydroxysuccinamide, are shown to give stable color complexes under the recommended conditions.
Cardiovascular drift in euhydrated prepubertal boys

“Classic” cardiovascular drift is characterized by findings of decreasing stroke volume and mean arterial pressure, rising heart rate, and stable cardiac output during sustained constant-load exerc...
Minimax state estimation for linear stochastic systems with noise uncertainty

The problem of minimax linear state estimation for linear stochastic systems driven and observed in noises whose second-order properties are unknown is considered. Two general aspects of this problem are treated: the one-dimensional problem with uncertain noise spectra and the multidimensional problem with uncertain componentwise noise correlation. General minimax results are presented for each of these situations involving characterizations of the minimax filters in terms of least-favorable second-order properties. Explicit solutions are given for the spectral-band uncertainty model in the one-dimensional cases treated and for a matrix-norm neighborhood model in the multidimensional case. Characterization of saddle points in terms of the extremal properties of the noise uncertainty classes is also discussed.
Ge (100) and (111) N- and P-FETs With High Mobility and Low- $T$ Mobility Characterization

In this paper, we demonstrate high-mobility bulk Ge N- and P-FETs with GeON gate dielectric. The highest electron mobility to date in Ge is reported, and two times improvement over universal hole mobility is achieved for Ge P-FETs. For the first time, the effect of surface orientation on Ge mobility is investigated experimentally. A 50% improvement in electron mobility is shown for the (111) substrate orientation compared to the (100) orientation. Carrier scattering mechanisms are studied through low-temperature mobility measurements and interface characterization. The conductance technique is applied at low temperatures for complete mapping of the density of interface traps (Dit) across the Ge bandgap and also close to the band edges. Carrier scattering mechanisms and the distribution of Dit are compared for Ge NMOS and PMOS.
Raman studies of optical phonons in vertical cadmium sulfide nanorod arrays

Electrochemically grown cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorod arrays were studied with Raman spectroscopy. The resonant Raman spectroscopy unravels the enhanced electron-phonon interaction up to the fifth-order multiphonon process in the vertically aligned CdS nanorods after annealing. Resonant Raman scattering at room temperature reveals a surface phonon mode at 253 cm−1 in the annealed nanorod. This unprecedented observation is accounted for by the lateral confinement in the nanorod whose average aspect ratio is approximately 5. An intersubband transition near 3000 cm−1 is also observed. These results point to important optoelectronic applications of this material.
Assessing Water Scarcity and Watershed Development in Maharashtra, India: A Case Study of the Baliraja Memorial Dam

In the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra State, a growing social movement for equitable water distribution is engaging the help of engineers to build technical projects. This movement aims to ch...
The Complexity of Terrorist Networks

Complexity science affords a number of novel tools for examining terrorism, particularly network analysis and NK-Boolean fitness landscapes. The following paper explores various aspects of terrorist networks which can be illuminated through applications of non-linear dynamical systems modeling to terrorist network structures. Of particular interest are some of the emergent properties of terrorist networks as typified by the 9-11 hijackers network, properties of centrality, hierarchy and distance, as well as ways in which attempts to disrupt the transmission of information through terrorist networks may be expected to produce greater or lesser levels of fitness in those organizations.
Does the home environment and the sex of the child modify the adverse effects of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos on child working memory

Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus insecticide, has long been associated with delayed neurocognitive development and most recently with decrements in working memory at age 7. In the current paper, we expanded the previous work on CPF to investigate how additional biological and social environmental factors might create or explain differential neurodevelopmental susceptibility, focusing on main and moderating effects of the quality of the home environment (HOME) and child sex. We evaluate how the quality of the home environment (specifically, parental nurturance and environmental stimulation) and child sex interact with the adverse effects of prenatal CPF exposure on working memory at child age 7years. We did not observe a remediating effect of a high quality home environment (either parental nurturance or environmental stimulation) on the adverse effects of prenatal CPF exposure on working memory. However, we detected a borderline significant interaction between prenatal exposure to CPF and child sex (B (95% CI) for interaction term=-1.714 (-3.753 to 0.326)) suggesting males experience a greater decrement in working memory than females following prenatal CPF exposure. In addition, we detected a borderline interaction between parental nurturance and child sex (B (95% CI) for interaction term=1.490 (-0.518 to 3.499)) suggesting that, in terms of working memory, males benefit more from a nurturing environment than females. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into factors that may inform an intervention strategy to reduce or reverse the cognitive deficits resulting from prenatal CPF exposure.
Vitamin E bioavailability from fortified breakfast cereal is greater than that from encapsulated supplements.

Background: Conflicting results from vitamin E intervention studies suggest supplemental vitamin E malabsorption.
Discrete simulation of colored noise and stochastic processes and 1/f/sup /spl alpha// power law noise generation

This paper discusses techniques for generating digital sequences of noise which simulate processes with certain known properties or describing equations. Part I of the paper presents a review of stochastic processes and spectral estimation (with some new results) and a tutorial on simulating continuous noise processes with a known autospectral density or autocorrelation function. In defining these techniques for computer generating sequences, it also defines the necessary accuracy criteria. These methods are compared to some of the common techniques for noise generation and the problems, or advantages, of each are discussed. Finally, Part I presents results on simulating stochastic differential equations. A Runge-Kutta (RK) method is presented for numerically solving these equations. Part II of the paper discusses power law, or 1/f/sup /spl alpha//, noises. Such noise processes occur frequently in nature and, in many cases, with nonintegral values for /spl alpha/. A review of 1/f noises in devices and systems is followed by a discussion of the most common continuous 1/f noise models. The paper then presents a new digital model for power law noises. This model allows for very accurate and efficient computer generation of 1/f/sup /spl alpha// noises for any /spl alpha/. Many of the statistical properties of this model are discussed and compared to the previous continuous models. Lastly, a number of approximate techniques for generating power law noises are presented for rapid or real time simulation. >
Impact of Tactical and Strategic Weather Avoidance on Separation Assurance

The ability to keep flights away from weather hazards while maintaining aircraft-to- aircraft separation is critically important. The Advanced Airspace Concept is an automation concept that implements a ground-based strategic conflict resolution algorithm for management of aircraft separation. The impact of dynamic and uncertain weather avoidance on this concept is investigated. A strategic weather rerouting system is integrated with the Advanced Airspace Concept, which also provides a tactical weather avoidance algorithm, in a fast time simulation of the Air Transportation System. Strategic weather rerouting is used to plan routes around weather in the 20 minute to two-hour time horizon. To address forecast uncertainty, flight routes are revised at 15 minute intervals. Tactical weather avoidance is used for short term trajectory adjustments (30 minute planning horizon) that are updated every minute to address any weather conflicts (instances where aircraft are predicted to pass through weather cells) that are left unresolved by strategic weather rerouting. The fast time simulation is used to assess the impact of tactical weather avoidance on the performance of automated conflict resolution as well as the impact of strategic weather rerouting on both conflict resolution and tactical weather avoidance. The results demonstrate that both tactical weather avoidance and strategic weather rerouting increase the algorithm complexity required to find aircraft conflict resolutions. Results also demonstrate that tactical weather avoidance is prone to higher airborne delay than strategic weather rerouting. Adding strategic weather rerouting to tactical weather avoidance reduces total airborne delays for the reported scenario by 18% and reduces the number of remaining weather violations by 13%. Finally, two features are identified that have proven important for strategic weather rerouting to realize these benefits; namely, the ability to revise reroutes and the use of maneuvers that start far ahead of encountering a weather cell when rerouting around weather.