cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Almost Sure Stability of Linear Stochastic Systems via Lyapunov Exponents Method

In this paper we study the almost sure (sample path) stability of linear stochastic systems governed by the models: {x? t = A c (? t )x t x 0 Rd {x t+1 = A d (? t )x t x 0 Rd (1) where {? t : t ? 0} is a time homogeneous ergodic Markov process taking values in a measurable state space ?. Of particular interest is the case when ? is a discrete set with finite cardinality. In this situation, we discuss the problem of almost sure stability in the context of the computation of the Lyapunov spectrum for linear stochastic systems of the form (1). The paper contains a brief survey of techniques for almost sure stability of the model (1), a description of the socalled Lyapunov exponent (or Lyapunov spectrum) approach to stochastic stability, some results for the computation of the Lyapunov exponents for two-dimensional systems, and several examples to illustrate the application of the theory and computations presented.
Theory for the Potential Shift for OH ads Formation on the Pt Skin on Pt3Cr ( 111 ) in Acid

We present results of a periodic spin-density-functional theory study of the electronic structure and the local adsorption properties of the annealed Pt 3 Cr alloy surface in comparison with the Pt(111) surface. Each is modeled as a four-layer slab where the two topmost layers and the adsorbates are allowed to relax. The annealed alloy has Pt segregated to the surface and is modeled by a Pt(111) monolayer covering the Pt 3 Cr(111) L1 2 face bulk phase alloy. We have calculated OH and H 2 O structures and adsorption energies at low coverage. The top adsorption sites are predicted to be the most stable for these adsorbates on both surfaces, but adsorption energies for both decrease on the Pt skin, with a larger decrease for OH. An empirical model based on reaction energy calculations in acid is used to estimate the reversible potential of OH ads formation from H 2 O ads on the Pt skin and on Pt(111) in acid. A positive shift (ΔU o = 0.11 V) is predicted for the surface of the Pt skin relative to Pt(111). This result is in qualitative agreement with the 40-60 mV reduction in overpotential observed experimentally for oxygen reduction on the Pt 3 Cr alloy compared to Pt surfaces, which is attributed to OH ads being a surface poison.
Some Determinants of Dissensus on Role Prescriptions Within and Between Four Organizational Positions

*I am most grateful to L. Wesley Wager, Joan K. Jackson, and Herbert L. Costner for their invaluable help and advice. Also, I would like to thank Alan P. Bates for his constructive comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 1 Models of organizations have either tacitly assumed that there is consensus on roles in social systems or have failed to recognize the variability of consensus on the manner in which roles are to be performed. Gross, Mason, and McEachern in their study of a New England school system cogently demonstrate the conceptual utility of the role consensus variable. In their reformulation of the role concept, Gross and his colleagues challenge the postulate of role consensus which is explicit or implicit in much of the social science literature. Furthermore, they found that the length of interaction and the extent of homogeneity were related to role consensus within the school member group that they studied. However, their findings gave no support to the hypotheses that interaction and homogeneity were related to role consensus between school board members and school superintendents. Gross and his colleagues further hypothesized that role consensus determined the satisfaction of group members and also influenced the manner in which they evaluated one another. Satisfaction was found to be related to consensus within the school board member group, but was not found to be related to role consensus between school board members and school superintendents. The superintendent's ratings of the school board were found to be related to consensus, but the school board's ratings of the superintendents were not related to consensus. Neal Gross, Ward S. Mason, and Alexander W. McEachern, Explorations in Role Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1958). It has been only in recent years that social scientists have turned their attention to the role consensus variable. Reisman, for instance, utilizes the lack of consensus on role-expectations among incumbents of the same social position to classify his respondents into bureaucratic types. Leonard Reisman, "A Study of Role Conception in Bureaucracy," Social Forces, 27: 305-10 (1949). Varying degrees of consensus on the definitions of the shop steward as held by foremen, shop stewards, and workers have been found to result in strains and stresses between these role groups by Jacobsen, Charters, and Lieberman. Eugene Jacobsen, W. W. Charters, Jr., and S. Lieberman, "The Use of the Role Concept in the Study of Complex Organizations," Journal of Social Issues, 7: 18-27, (1951). It is believed that role consensus is related to certain basic group processes. The small group studies by Bales and Slater indicate a relationship between role consensus and developmental trends in small groups. Bales and Slater found, for instance, that group development differed according to the degree of consensus
A treatment of complex ions in sea water

Abstract The use of equilibria constants and ligand concentrations to evaluate complex ion concentratipns in sea water has been employed. The concentrations of complex ions of 26 metals are included.
Assessment of beliefs about psychotropic medication and psychotherapy: development of a measure for patients with anxiety disorders.

Abstract Objective This study presents the psychometric properties of a brief measure to assess beliefs about psychotropic medications and psychotherapy among patients with anxiety disorders. Method Data were collected on a large sample of primary care patients with a range of anxiety disorders, as part of the Collaborative Care for Anxiety and Panic study. Factor analyses using principal axis factoring with Varimax rotations were used to determine the factor structure of the beliefs scale. Internal consistency, concurrent validity and predictive validity of the resulting subscales were examined. Results Two subscales emerged, one reflecting beliefs about psychotropic medications and the other assessing beliefs about psychotherapy. Both showed strong internal consistency and concurrent validity. The beliefs about psychotropic medication demonstrated strong predictive validity. Conclusions This measure may be a useful tool for assessing treatment beliefs among patients with anxiety disorders toward the provision of more quality treatment for this population. Its brevity may make it particularly useful in primary health care settings.
A dislocation density based crystal plasticity finite element model: Application to a two-phase polycrystalline HCP/BCC composites

Abstract We present a multiscale model for anisotropic, elasto-plastic, rate- and temperature-sensitive deformation of polycrystalline aggregates to large plastic strains. The model accounts for a dislocation-based hardening law for multiple slip modes and links a single-crystal to a polycrystalline response using a crystal plasticity finite element based homogenization. It is capable of predicting local stress and strain fields based on evolving microstructure including the explicit evolution of dislocation density and crystallographic grain reorientation. We apply the model to simulate monotonic mechanical response of a hexagonal close-packed metal, zirconium (Zr), and a body-centered cubic metal, niobium (Nb), and study the texture evolution and deformation mechanisms in a two-phase Zr/Nb layered composite under severe plastic deformation. The model predicts well the texture in both co-deforming phases to very large plastic strains. In addition, it offers insights into the active slip systems underlying texture evolution, indicating that the observed textures develop by a combination of prismatic, pyramidal, and anomalous basal slip in Zr and primarily {110}〈111〉 slip and secondly {112}〈111〉 slip in Nb.
Are Routine Ancillary Stains Required to Diagnose Helicobacter Infection in Gastric Biopsy Specimens? An Institutional Quality Assurance Review

Gastric biopsies are often done to evaluate for Helicobacter gastritis. Given the oncogenic association with Helicobacter gastritis and the relative ease of therapy, it is important for pathology departments to identify all positive cases. We describe an institutional quality assurance study of an institutional method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter gastritis. We reviewed 356 gastric biopsy specimens from a 4-week period at 1 institution. Approximately half were evaluated by 4 methods, HE about 83% of cases were diagnosed on the initial H&E-stained slides. Our study highlights a quality assurance study and a head-to head comparison of 4 methods not previously reported and supports the use of ancillary stains at the discretion of the sign-out pathologist.
Systematic analysis of average angular momenta and cross sections in sub-barrier fusion

Average angular momenta deduced from isomer ratio, gamma-multiplicity, and fission fragment angular anisotropy measurements, and the associated cross sections for fourteen systems are analyzed with a barrier penetration model that includes the coupling of inelastic channels. Good agreement was found between the theory and the data obtained from isomer ratio and from gamma-ray multiplicity measurements with the exception of the more symmetric systems. In these cases the discrepancies with theory show correlations in cross section and angular momentum suggesting that a valid model can be found. The measurements of angular momentum using the fission fragment anisotropy technique, however, do not appear reconcilable with the energy dependence of the cross sections. This systematic overview suggests that the origin of this discrepancy lies with the deduction of angular momentum from the measured anisotropy in inclusive fission fragment angular distributions.
Incidence and management of bevacizumab-associated gastrointestinal perforations in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and management of bevacizumab-associated gastrointestinal (GI) perforations in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Methods We identified all patients who received bevacizumab off protocol from August 2004–August 2008. We examined their medical records for reports of confirmed GI perforation, associated clinicopathological factors, treatment, and outcomes. Results Six (4%) of 160 patients with ovarian carcinoma who had been treated with bevacizumab developed GI perforations, with a median of 4 (range, 2–8) previous cytotoxic regimens. The median serum CA-125 at the start of treatment was 228 U/mL (range, 50–3106 U/mL). The median number of bevacizumab cycles prior to perforation was 10.5 (range, 2–20). The median time from the last bevacizumab dose to diagnosis of GI perforation was 13 days (range, 1–28 days). Four (67%) patients underwent an exploratory surgery. At laparotomy, one had a gastric perforation and one had an appendiceal perforation; the site of perforation could not be identified in the other 2 Two patients (33%) were managed conservatively—one with a PEG tube and the other with supportive care. The median time of death from the date of diagnosis of GI perforation was 27 days (range, 4–326 days). Only two patients—one with a gastric and the other with an appendiceal perforation—survived > 65 days. The 30-day mortality rate following a bevacizumab-associated GI perforation was 50%. Conclusion Bevacizumab-associated GI perforations in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma occurred in 4% of our patients. The prognosis of patients diagnosed with bevacizumab-associated GI perforations in this study was poor, and treatment should be individualized.
Transient Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy During Pregnancy

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a primary myocardial disease with typical echocardiography features of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and evidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The natural history of HOCM is characterized by a slow progression of symptoms and a significant annual mortality rate. We report an unusual case of transient HOCM during pregnancy with evidence of total resolution postpartum. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, two-dimensional echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography
Temptation and Its Discontents: Digital Rhetoric, Flow, and the Possible

This essay explores the role of rhetoric in everyday online activities, arguing that scholarship in digital rhetoric can be informed by Raymond Williams's theory of media flow. Turning to Martin Heidegger and John Poulakos, I argue that the Web's rhetoric of the possible encourages a momentum of text consumption by which users are tempted to further immerse themselves in a “flowing” media experience. As digital technologies provide new opportunities for the surveillance and personalization of our Web practices, this article concludes by encouraging scholars to be critical of the tempting possibilities—and possible selves—crafted by this rhetoric.
A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for facility dispersion under conditions of spatial uncertainty

Avoiding concentration or saturation of activities is fundamental in many environmental and urban planning contexts. Examples include dispersing retail and restaurant outlets, sensitivity to impacts in forest utilization, spatial equity of waste disposal, ensuring public safety associated with noxious facilities, and strategic placement of military resources, among others. Dispersion models have been widely applied to ensure spatial separation between activities or facilities. However, existing approaches rely on deterministic approaches that ignore issues of spatial data uncertainty, which could lead to poor decision making. To address data uncertainty issues in dispersion modelling, a multi-objective approach that explicitly accounts for spatial uncertainty is proposed, enabling the impacts of uncertainty to be evaluated with statistical confidence. Owing to the integration of spatial uncertainty, this dispersion model is more complex and computationally challenging to solve. In this paper we develop a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to address the computational challenges posed. The proposed heuristic incorporates problem-specific spatial knowledge to significantly enhance the capability of the evolutionary algorithm for solving this problem. Empirical results demonstrate the performance superiority of the developed approach in supporting facility and service planning.
Exploring the Impact of Cross-Cultural Management Education on Cultural Intelligence, Student Satisfaction, and Commitment

Increasing globalization, workforce mobility, and international assignments are creating demand for culturally adept employees. While developing these employees begins in the classroom, educators a...
Still crazy after all these years: “the paranoid style in American politics”

In the US, the 9/11 attacks resulted in the instantaneous crystallization of a paranoid group formation, functioning as defense – not against the real dangers of the situation – but rather against an underlying, identity-shattering state of psychotic panic. This regressed collective emotional state was exploited by the Bush regime to initiate the war in Iraq, a war that plays out internationally the Ur-Fascistic tendencies that late capitalistic systems have difficulty containing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender equality, legitimization of violence, social disorganization and rates of personal violence (suicide and homicide) in America.

Suicide rates were associated with measures of legitimate violence and social disorganization over the 48 continental American states, whereas homicide rates for 1980 were associated with a measure of gender equality
Prediction of vessel icing for near-freezing sea temperatures

Abstract The operational NOAA categorical vessel icing algorithm is evaluated with regard to advances in understanding of the icing process and forecasting experience. When sea temperatures are <2–3°C above the saltwater freezing point there is the likelihood of supercooling of the spray during its trajectory and extreme ice accretion on topside structures. The NOAA algorithm shows excellent results when compared to a new cold-water dataset from the Labrador Sea (mean sea temperature of −13°C), even though the algorithm was developed from an Alaskan dataset with a mean sea temperature of 3.6°C. A rederived algorithm from the combined dataset is nearly identical to the operational algorithm. The influence of sea temperature in the NOAA model is consistent with the supercooling hypothesis and an additional icing category of extreme is recommended for the algorithm. Severe icing in the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and Sea of Japan is primarily caused by extreme cold-air advection, while low sea temperatures c...
FORCED AND FREE MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Abstract The meridional variation of the sum of the non-adiabatic heating and the eddy transfer of heat, and the vertical variation of the sum of the frictional dissipation and eddy transports of zonal momentum, are shown to act as two forcing functions which produce mean meridional circulations in the atmosphere. The form and intensity of these circulations are greatly influenced by the mean temperature distribution. When the meridional temperature contrast is higher than a certain limit, these forced motions change into a more violent free convection. The criterion of this transition is obtained by a simple method and expressed in terms of a Richardson number,where Z0 is the absolute vorticity of the mean zonal flow, and c is the coefficient of friction. This condition is generally not satisfied in the atmosphere, indicating that only weak, forced, mean meridional circulation can exist. The form and intensity of the meridional circulation produced by sources of heat and momentum, and that produced by th...
Rett syndrome—a review and discussion of syndrome delineation and syndrome definition

The current status of clinical genetic and pathogenetic knowledge in Rett syndrome is reviewed and updated. Some of the concepts which are highlighted include among others, causal homogeneity vs heterogeneity; the difficulty of dealing with potential variability while the possibility of heterogeneity still exists; progress in examining genetic hypotheses. We review our experience with 8 new patients, note the evidence for the presence of congenital hypotonia in all and several instances of minor anomalies and again raise the issue of whether girls with the Rett syndrome are in fact normal from the time of birth and in early infancy until the characteristic phenotype is recognizable. Previous recommendations for standardized international history, examination and investigation protocols are strongly reinforced, and the question as to who should study brains of Rett syndrome patients is raised by a parent. As is the case in most conditions now being studied by molecular geneticists, finding a marker will be a major etiologic breakthrough, but the work of delineating the pathogenesis will remain to be done.
Between Retribution and Restoration: Justice and the TRC.

How may a society, in a morally defensible way, confront a past of injustice and suffering, and seek to break the spell of violence and disregard for human life? I begin by demonstrating the relevance of this question to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and I draw attention to Andre du Toit’s long-standing interest in ways in which truth commissions may function to consolidate political change. In the second section of the article, I argue that truth commissions should be regarded as a defensible moral compromise between the values of justice and social unity, and I criticize claims that truth commissions promote transitional justice, when that is understood as a distinctive conception of justice that emerges in circumstances of regime transition. In the third section, I criticize the claim that truth commissions are not a moral compromise at all but embody a superior, restorative conception of justice. I conclude by showing why retribution is required by criminal justice, and why tr...
Transcriptional Activity of Serum Amyloid A-activating Factor-1 Is Regulated by Distinct Functional Modules

Serum amyloid A-activating transcription factor-1 (SAF-1) plays a major role in regulating transcription of several inflammation-responsive genes, including SAA and matrix metalloproteinase-1, that are implicated in the pathogenesis of reactive secondary amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. SAF-1 is a 477-amino acid protein with six zinc fingers. Its activation during inflammatory condition by a phosphorylation event that leads to an altered structure suggested possible structural modification of this protein as a leading cause of higher activity. However, no information is available regarding structural features that might regulate its activity. Here, we have characterized its functional domains, delineating activation and repression modules, DNA binding, and nuclear localization activities. Using GAL4AD chimeras and a DNA-binding assay with proteins prepared from various deletion constructs, the core DNA-binding domain of SAF-1 is mapped between amino acids 282 and 361, which contain second, third, and fourth zinc fingers. Results from several deletion and point mutants using green fluorescent protein reporter show that SAF-1 contains two independent nuclear localization signals; one is composed of a stretch of basic amino acids, and the other is a bipartite signal located within the core DNA-binding domain. SAF-1 contains several negative and positively functioning transactivation modules clustered at the two ends of this protein. Removal of any one of the terminal negative modules renders the SAF-1 protein functionally very active. These findings suggest that the terminal repression modules act in conjunction to regulate the functional activity of this protein.
Regional Distribution of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Rib Cage Muscles as a Function of Postnatal Development

We studied the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, utilizing electrophoretic methods, in rib cage (RC) muscles: the scalenus medius, the parasternal, cephalic, midthoracic, and caudal intercostal muscles; and in the diaphragm (DI) of rats during postnatal development and when mature. At day 1, all RC muscles and the DI expressed MHC neonatal/embryonic (69-92% of total MHC complement) with little MHC slow and 2A; the RC muscles alone expressed a small proportion of MHC 2B (2-4%). On day 4, MHC neonatal/embryonic expression still predominated (55-71%) but increased MHC 2A expression was observed in both the RC (11-21%) and DI (31%); MHC 2B (5-7%) was noted in the RC muscles but not the DI. By day 14, MHC neonatal/embryonic and 2A expression each comprised a third of the total MHC complement of the RC muscles, MHC 2X was first observed, and MHC 2B expression increased. The day 14 DI was comprised of equal proportions of MHC neonatal/embryonic, slow and 2A with little MHC 2X (11%). The adult and day 30 animals expressed comparable muscle-specific MHC phenotypes: the DI characterized by a proportional mixture of MHC slow, MHC 2A, and MHC 2X, with little MHC 2B, whereas the RC muscles expressed predominantly MHC 2B (40-62%). We conclude that the RC muscles and DI show comparable MHC phenotypes in the immediate newborn period but differ in their MHC expression during postnatal development and when mature. The RC muscles show only minor intermuscle variations in MHC phenotype during development, and when mature are characterized by fast MHC isoform expression, particularly MHC 2B.
Variability of Phytonutrient Content of Potato in Relation to Growing Location and Cooking Method

Potato has a defined complement of metabolites that contribute to the human diet. Among these are the carotenoids and anthocyanins. Carotenoids are found in all potatoes in the flesh. White-fleshed varieties have 50 to 100 μg per 100 g fresh weight (FW), while moderately yellow-fleshed varieties will generally possess from 100 to 350 μg per 100 g FW. The more intensely yellow-fleshed genotypes, which may look orange, at the higher extremes are at levels above 1,000 μg per 100 g FW. The highest level published is 2,600 μg per 100 g FW in diploid germplasm derived from South American Papa Amarilla cultivars. Potato generally has predominantly lutein, a xanthophyll which is also found in the human retina, and must be obtained in the diet. The genotypes with extremely high levels of total carotenoids have zeaxanthin, an isomer of lutein, which is also present in the human retina. Anthocyanins are present in red- or purple-skinned and fleshed varieties. Total anthocyanins range from 1.5 mg to 48 mg per 100 g FW in a solidly pigmented purple-skinned, purple-fleshed breeding line. The degree of pigmentation in the flesh appears to be under polygenic control. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances. The level of total anthocyanins is correlated with antioxidant level (r = 0.94, P < 0.001). Several methods of cooking interacted with genotypes in the antioxidant level remaining after cooking compared to raw potatoes. No method of cooking completely eliminated antioxidant activity, while boiling appeared to increase it compared to raw potato in the case of the most highly pigmented clone.
Categorical coherence, classification volatility and examiner-added citations

Abstract Patent applicants and examiners do not always have the same views about what constitutes a patent's relevant prior art. We propose that the processes of categorization and classification variably shape the interface between applicants and examiners by influencing assessments of similarity between new and existing technologies. Some inventions sit in technological domains that cut across the categorical boundaries implied by examiners’ patterns of specialization. Some sit in domains wherein the classification system that guides examiner searches is more volatile. In either of these circumstances, heightened ambiguity leads to more examiner-added citations on patents that are granted. We test and confirm our predictions in a sample of patents granted to semiconductor firms in 2005.
An investigation of conformations in 2,4-dichloropentanes

Abstract The conformational aspects of racemic and meso 2,4-dichloropentane have been investigated using Extended Huckel Theory (EHT), under reasonable constraints, and data from proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra. Detailed EHT calculations indicate that the most stable conformers do not occur at purely staggered positions, but instead deviate from these by amounts in the range 10°–30°. The results have been shown to agree with conclusions of Sykora based upon a different method. To a limited extent the values of HH coupling parameters in these molecules were shown to be consistent with the above conclusions.
Observations of large-amplitude, narrowband whistlers at stream interaction regions

[1] We present the first solar wind observations of large-amplitude, narrowband waveforms in the frequency range 10–100 Hz, consistent with the whistler mode. These whistlers are only observable in high time resolution electric field waveform data provided by the Time Domain Sampler (TDS) instrument on STEREO. Amplitudes range from a few to >40 mV/m peak-to-peak, one to three orders of magnitude larger than any previous observations of whistler mode waves in the solar wind. The whistlers are obliquely propagating with a large electrostatic component and are right-hand elliptically polarized in the spacecraft frame. The whistlers occur in groups that are strongly correlated with stream interaction regions (SIRs). The groups persist from a few seconds to minutes and are observed at 88% of SIRs and 17% of shocks from available data. A more detailed look shows that the whistler groups are observed near sudden disturbances of the solar wind magnetic field and plasma. We suggest that, owing to the oblique and narrowband nature of these waves, an electron or ion beam instability may be responsible for their creation. Test particle simulations show that the waves can interact strongly with halo (>60 eV) electrons. Test electrons were scattered by tens of degrees and energized/deenergized by up to 50% in a few tens of milliseconds. Thus these whistlers may play an important role in the dynamics of solar wind electrons within SIRs and near some shocks.
Sex Stereotypes and Implicit Personality Theory: Toward a Cognitive-Social Psychological Conceptualization.

Progress in understanding sex stereotypes has been impeded by the failure of researchers to address two critical conceptual questions: What is a sex stereotype? How do sex stereotypes function in social cognition and behavior? As a step toward answering the first question, the meaning of the term “sex stereotype” was considered. On the basis of points of agreement among extant conceptual definitions of the construct “stereotype” (in both the female-male and ethnic relations literatures), a generic definition of “sex stereotypes” is proposed: the structured sets of beliefs about the personal attributes of women and of men. In order to relate sex stereotypes more closely to research and theory on “normal” psychological processes, this basic definition is recast in terms of the person perception construct, “implicit personality theory”: the structured sets of inferential relations that link personal attributes to the social categories female and male. Two studies are presented to illustrate the utility of this translation. The remainder of the article addresses the second question. Here we offer preliminary ideas regarding a more general cognitive—social psychological framework for the study of sex stereotypes. Stereotype and stereotyping are distinguished, and each is discussed in light of relevant research in cognitive and social psychology.
Unified theory of 1/f and conductance noise in nerve membrane.

Abstract A theory of 1 f and conductance noise is given for ionic channels in nerve membrane. The theory is based on the assumption that the channels are in constant, stochastically independent, rotational motion within a fluid bilayer membrane. The resulting expression for the current noise power density S contains a conduction noise term consistent with Stevens (1972) and Hill & Chen (1972) and a 1 f noise term consistent with Lundstrom & McQueen (1974) and Clay & Shlesinger (1976) . The expression for S also contains a third term which is the spectrum of the product of the single channel conduction noise and 1 f noise correlation functions. This term is independent of the number of channels in the membrane, R. Consequently, the expression for S effectively reduces to a sum of 1 f and conduction noise for R 10–100 which is in agreement with noise measurements on squid axon. The theory is applied in detail to potassium squid noise measurements of Conti, DeFelice & Wanke (1975) using the stochastic analysis of single file ion motion developed in our previous paper ( Clay & Shlesinger (1976) ).
On the performance of an automated Verlet neighbor list algorithm for large systems on a vector processor

Abstract An automated version of the Verlet neighbor list algorithm in which the optimum neighbor list radius (SKIN) increases with the system size (N) shows an almost linear CPU time versus N dependence over the range 102
Novel CMOS-compatible a-Si based oscillator and threshold switch

Resistive switching devices and neuromorphic computing systems, while an attractive solution to minimize compute bottlenecks, suffer from sneak-path problem and area inefficient implementations respectively. This has prompted research in developing beyond-CMOS functional blocks that can serve as a compact single device circuit block (selector and oscillator respectively). In this work, we explore amorphous-Si based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) devices to serve this function. CMOS compatible Pt/a-Si/Cu stacks show negative differential resistance (NDR) that enables their operation as oscillatory elements and as non-linear threshold switches. As a first demonstration of oscillations in a-Si, we report frequency tunability from 5 kHz to 80 MHz by modulating the series ballast and by changing the source voltage. The devices show low-voltage ( 800 between ON and OFF states with a peak current density of > 0.3 MA/cm2 at 1 V. Through an analysis of the change in the snap-back time (persistence) and the peak ON-state current, we evaluate the change in the modes of operation of the device as a threshold switch and as an oscillator.
To what extent does performance-related feedback affect managers’ self-efficacy?

Abstract This two-part study examines the effect of supervisors’ feedback—both negative and positive—on the job-specific self-efficacy of 296 subordinates. Analyses using pre- and post-treatment data collected during field experiments indicate, most notably, that negative feedback reduces subordinates’ self-efficacy regardless of managerial rank, a finding that supports this largely untested theory pertaining to negative feedback and its effect on self-efficacy. As predicted, positive supervisory feedback had a significant, positive effect on subordinates’ self-efficacy. The study's implications for theory, research, and management practice are discussed, limitations and challenges are identified, and directions for future research are suggested.
Parity check matrices and product representations of squares

Let $$ N_{\mathbb{F}} $$ (n,k,r) denote the maximum number of columns in an n-row matrix with entries in a finite field $$ \mathbb{F} $$ in which each column has at most r nonzero entries and every k columns are linearly independent over $$ \mathbb{F} $$ . We obtain near-optimal upper bounds for $$ N_{\mathbb{F}} $$ (n,k,r) in the case k > r. Namely, we show that $$ N_\mathbb{F} (n,k,r) \ll n^{\frac{r} {2} + \frac{{cr}} {k}} $$ where $$ c \approx \frac{4} {3} $$ for large k. Our method is based on a novel reduction of the problem to the extremal problem for cycles in graphs, and yields a fast algorithm for finding short linear dependencies. We present additional applications of this method to a problem on hypergraphs and a problem in combinatorial number theory.
ECMO as Bridge to Lung Transplant

Since the advent of lung transplantation more than 5 decades ago, preoperative, surgical, and anesthetic management have improved. The growing experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has enabled clinicians to expand its effective use to care for patients while bridging them to transplant (BTT). We highlight the approach in which ECMO is used to successfully bridge critically ill patients to lung transplantation when stringent daily clinical assessment is applied. In patients who continued to meet transplant criteria and were successfully transplanted, postoperative survival rates are acceptable. Larger studies are needed to inform decision algorithms for BTT patients and optimize outcomes.
Effect of Storage, Carbohydrate Composition, and Heat Processing on Protein Quality and Amino Acid Bioavailability of a Commercial Enteral Product

Rat bioassays revealed that protein quality of a commercial enteral product was not affected by carbohydrate (CHO) content, heat treatment or storage. Slope-ratio regression analysis of weight gain yielded lysine (LYS) and sulfur amino acid (SAA) bioavailability estimates of 96.7% and 100.0% (relative to crystalline sources of LYS and SAA), respectively, regardless of CHO content or heat treatment. With storage of the products for 1 year, a 10% decrease in LYS bioavailability occurred in those products containing CHO with dextrose equivalency values ≥ 17.3. LYS bioavailability in the products with lower reducing sugar content was not affected by storage. SAA bioavailability was not affected by storage, regardless of CHO content.
Influence of Inheritance and Age of Hen upon Initial Egg Quality

Abstract IN THE evaluation of genetic information, not all evidences of hereditary transmission are of equal importance. Demonstrations of differences between breeds and strains are indicative of genetic effects, but not particularly helpful to the breeder. Proof of family differences within strains offers further evidence of the genetic determination of the character observed and indicates the possible effectiveness of selection. Development of lines of stock differing in a character and the behavior of crosses between such lines permits the collection of much more valuable information involving the heritability of the character, the complexity of its inheritance, and the determination of such conditions as dominance and recessiveness, sex-linkage, complementary gene action, etc. It is only when studies have progressed through the more extensive selection and breeding programs that the breeder can be advised most efficiently how to develop the genetic worth of his stock. In this review, it will be evident that…
Kinetic properties of pyruvate kinases from turtle liver and heart.

Abstract 1. 1. Turtle liver pyruvate kinase (PK), which shows allosteric properties with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), is activated by fructose diphospate (FDP), glucose-6-phospate (G-6-P), fructose-6-phospate (F-6-P) and l -serine. Its activity is strongly inhibited (over 85 per cent) by l - alanine [ K 1(app) = 0·09 mM], l -isoleucine [ K 1(app) = 0·56 mM] and l -cysteine and ove 50 per cent by l -methionine, l - tryptophan and l -phenylalanine. 2. 2. Liver PK is inhibited by ATP and this inhibition is strongly influenced by the concentrations of Mg 2+ (e.g. 4 mM Mg 2+ produces 70 per cent inhibition, whereas 50 mM Mg 2+ produces 32 per cent inhibition). 3. 3. Citrate, succinate, α-ketoglutarate, some l -amino acids and other compunds tested produce little or no effect on liver PK activity. 4. 4. Heart PK does not show an allosteric responae with varying PEP concentration. It is not activated by FDP. It was found to be inhibited by l - alanine [ifK 1(app)= 0·19 mM ], but not by l -valine. Very slight inhibition was observed with l -isoleucine. 5. 5. The pH optima for liver PK activity is in the range of pH 6.6–7.0.
Rectus fascial sling for the treatment of neurogenic sphincteric incontinence in boys : Is it safe and effective?

Purpose: While a fascial sling for treating children with intractable urinary incontinence is often successful in girls, its effectiveness in boys remains unclear. We determined the long-term efficacy of a rectus fascial sling in boys with neurogenic sphincteric incontinence and defined its urodynamic characteristics for achieving continence.Methods and Methods: We reviewed the charts of all boys who underwent a rectus fascial sling procedure for neurogenic incontinence to determine urinary continence status at the most recent office visit or by telephone interview, the type and dose of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic medications, the frequency of intermittent clean intermittent catheterization, status of the upper urinary tract and comparative urodynamic findings preoperatively and postoperatively.Results: We evaluated 7 boys 7 to 19 years old, of whom 4 were postpubertal, who fulfilled study criteria and had a followup of 1 to 9 years. In 4 patients a continent stoma was created concurrently at surg...
Dynamics of the spin- Heisenberg chain at intermediate temperatures

Combining high-temperature expansions with the recursion method and quantum Monte Carlo simulations with the maximum entropy method, we study the dynamics of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain at temperatures above and below the coupling J. By comparing the two sets of calculations, their relative strengths are assessed. At high temperatures, we find that there is a low-frequency peak in the momentum integrated dynamic structure factor, due to diffusive long-wavelength modes. This peak is rapidly suppressed as the temperature is lowered below J. Calculation of the complete dynamic structure factor S(k,!) shows how the spectral features associated with the two-spinon continuum develop at low temperatures. We extract the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 from the ! ! 0 limit, and compare with recent experimental results for Sr2CuO3 and CuGeO3. We also discuss the scaling behavior of the dynamic susceptibility, and of the static structure factor S(k) and the static susceptibility �(k). We confirm the asymptotic low-temperature forms S(�) � [ln(T)] 3/2 and �(�) � T 1 [ln (T)] 1/2 , expected from previous theoretical studies.
Complete characterization of Hadamard powers preserving Loewner positivity, monotonicity, and convexity

Abstract Entrywise powers of symmetric matrices preserving positivity, monotonicity or convexity with respect to the Loewner ordering arise in various applications, and have received much attention recently in the literature. Following FitzGerald and Horn (1977) [8] , it is well-known that there exists a critical exponent beyond which all entrywise powers preserve positive definiteness. Similar phenomena have also recently been shown by Hiai (2009) to occur for monotonicity and convexity. In this paper, we complete the characterization of all the entrywise powers below and above the critical exponents that are positive, monotone, or convex on the cone of positive semidefinite matrices. We then extend the original problem by fully classifying the positive, monotone, or convex powers in a more general setting where additional rank constraints are imposed on the matrices. We also classify the entrywise powers that are super/sub-additive with respect to the Loewner ordering. Finally, we extend all the previous characterizations to matrices with negative entries. Our analysis consequently allows us to answer a question raised by Bhatia and Elsner (2007) regarding the smallest dimension for which even extensions of the power functions do not preserve Loewner positivity.
NEW AND EFFICIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTES TO 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE

Abstract The biochemically important deoxysugar 1-deoxy-D-xylulose was synthesized by improved methods. D-Tartaric acid is the starting material for a synthesis which proceeds via the intermediacy of 2,3,4-tribenzyl-D-threitol. Another, highly efficient route used the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of 5-benzyloxy-3-penten-2-one as its key step. These syntheses are especially useful for isotopic labeling.
The microstructure of eutectic Au-Sn solder bumps on Cu/electroless Ni/Au

In this work we studied the initial microstructure and microstructural evolution of eutectic Au-Sn solder bumps on Cu/electroless Ni/Au. The solder bumps were 150–160 m in diameter and 45–50 m tall, reflowed on Cu/electroless Ni/Au, and then aged at 200°C for up to 365 days. In addition, Au-Ni-Sn-alloys were made and analyzed to help identify the phases that appear at the interface during aging. The detailed interfacial microstructure was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the introduction of Au from the substrate produces large islands of-phase in the bulk microstructure during reflow. Two Au-Ni-Sn compounds are formed at the solder/substrate interface and grow slowly during aging. The maximum solubility of Ni in the—phase was measured to be about 1 at.% at 200°C, while Ni in the-phase is more than 20 at.%. The electroless Ni layer is made of several sublayers with slightly different compositions and microstructures. There is, in addition, an amorphous interaction layer at the solder/electroless Ni interface.
Dynamic subchannel and power allocation using Nash Bargaining game for cognitive radio networks with imperfect PU activity sensing

This paper proposes a dynamic subchannel and power allocation scheme based on Nash Bargaining Game for an ad hoc network of Secondary Users (SU) coexisting opportunistically with a Primary base station. Each SU is equipped with an energy detector to sense the Primary User (PU) activity over N OFDM sub-channels. We deploy Nash Bargaining Solution to model the power and subchannel allocation of the SUs over the temporarily available transmission opportunities. Simulation results show that the proposed dynamic power and subchannel assignment is simple, effective and fair. Moreover, the total throughput of the network is highly dependent on the accuracy level of the sensing information and the percentage of PU silence. An acceptable secondary network throughput is achievable if the probability of PU presence is limited to less than 0.4.
Comment on linewidths and shifts in the Stokes–Raman Q branch of D2 in He

Collision induced widths and shifts for Raman Q‐branch transitions of D2 in He were calculated from S matrices obtained with converged close coupling scattering calculations on an accurate theoretical interaction potential. Results agree well with experimental values. Discrepancies between experimental line shifts and theoretical values from an earlier study are traced to a computational error in that work. The effects of vibrational inelasticity and of centrifugal distortion on energy levels and on potential matrix elements, all of which were ignored in the earlier study, are explicitly considered here and found to be small.
In situ studies of pyridine adsorption to bare and cyano-derivatized silica sol-gel films using attenuated-total-internal-reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Adsorption of pyridine to silica sol−gel films has been characterized by using attenuated-total-internal-reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). By modeling the accumulation of pyridine in the film using least-squares optimization of simple isotherm models, the pure component spectra of adsorbed and solution-phase pyridine could be extracted from the data. Pyridine was found to adsorb to two distinct sites on the sol−gel surface. The stronger adsorption site was found to comprise isolated and weakly hydrogen-bonded silanols, while the weaker site appears to be primarily surface-bound water. Adsorbed pyridine is partially protonated at the surface, a 13% fraction at the stronger adsorption site and smaller fraction at the weaker site. Derivatizing the sol−gel surface with 3-cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane decreases the total number of adsorption sites by 43%. Two distinct adsorption sites are still observed with the cyanopropyl-derivatized surface, but the stronger adsorption site is...
Spatio-temporal Variability in Larval-Stage Feeding and Nutritional Sources as Factors Influencing Striped Bass ( Morone saxatilis ) Recruitment Success

Prey availability and feeding success affect survival of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay and contribute to the >30-fold interannual recruitment variability. Gut contents and stable isotope analyses (δ15N and δ13C) were conducted on striped bass larvae to evaluate sources of nutrition in 2007 and 2008, years of high and poor recruitment, respectively. Ichthyoplankton and zooplankton were surveyed in the upper Chesapeake Bay, in proximity to the estuarine turbidity maximum and associated salt front. Feeding incidence and numbers of prey per gut were similar in both years and varied in relation to the salt front. The primary prey in each year was the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis. Substantial consumption of the freshwater cladoceran Bosmina spp. also occurred, especially up-estuary of the salt front in 2007, demonstrating that secondary prey are important to larval diets in some years. Stable isotope analysis of yolk sac and feeding-stage larvae of striped bass revealed an ontogenetic shift from maternal stable isotope signatures to those indicative of prey source. Feeding-stage larvae from up-estuary locations had the most negative δ13C values, indicating a relatively high terrestrial carbon source in prey. Spatio-temporal variability in δ15N signatures of larvae followed similar trends of δ15N variability in zooplankton prey with the highest δ15N values up-estuary of the salt front and estuarine turbidity maximum. A stable isotope analysis on archived striped bass larvae collected in 1998 and 2003, years of moderate and high recruitment, respectively, expanded the documented range of isotope signatures but did not clearly distinguish effects of nutritional sources on recruitment.