cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in outer membrane of kidney mitochondria. Purification and properties.

Abstract NADPH-cytochrome c reductase of vitamin D 3 -deficient chick kidney mitochondria has been purified approximately 1100-fold to a specific activity of 788 nmol cytochrome c reduced/min/mg protein. Analytical gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed two bands when stained for protein, but only the more anodic band demonstrated NADPH-tetrazolium reductase activity. The relative ease of solubilization of the reductase without the use of lipases, proteases, or detergents was the first line of evidence that suggested a novel mitochondrial localization for this previously unreported NADPH-linked cytochrome c reductase. The apparent properties of the reductase suggest that the enzyme is a component of kidney mitochondrial outer membrane. The kinetic determination of Michaelis constants with respect to NADPH, cytochrome c , and NADH gave the following values: K m NADPH = 1.7 μM , K m cyt c = 3.4 μM , and K m NADH = 20 mM . These constants were different from those of the intact kidney microsomal reductase: K m NADPH = 5.5 μM , K m cyt c = 10.5 μM , and K m NADH = 13.3 μM . The mitochondrial as well as the intact microsomal reductases exhibited a ping-pong kinetic mechanism for NADPH-mediated cytochrome c reduction. Spectrofluorometric measurements demonstrated the presence of equimolar amounts of FAD and FMN. The oxidized enzyme has absorption maxima at 280 and 450 nm with a shoulder at 415 nm. Upon reduction with NADPH a distinct loss in the 450-nm absorption was observed. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion studies with rabbit antiserum to chick renal mitochondrial ferredoxin did not reveal cross-reactivity when the purified reductase was the antigen. This excludes the involvement of a ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur protein in the NADPH-mediated reduction of cytochrome c by the purified reductase.
Scaling Behaviors of Wireless Device-to-Device Communications with Distributed Caching

We analyze a novel architecture for caching popular video content to enable wireless device-to-device collaboration. We focus on the asymptotic scaling characteristics and show how they depends on video content popularity statistics. We identify a fundamental conflict between collaboration distance and interference and show how to optimize the transmission power to maximize frequency reuse. Our main result is a closed form expression of the optimal collaboration distance as a function of the model parameters. Under the common assumption of a Zipf distribution for content reuse, we show that if the Zipf exponent is greater than 1, it is possible to have a number of D2D interference-free collaboration pairs that scales linearly in the number of nodes. If the Zipf exponent is smaller than 1, we identify the best possible scaling in the number of D2D collaborating links. Surprisingly, a very simple distributed caching policy achieves the optimal scaling behavior and therefore there is no need to centrally coordinate what each node is caching.
Structural Features for Predicting the Linguistic Quality of Text

Sentence structure is considered to be an important component of the overall linguistic quality of text. Yet few empirical studies have sought to characterize how and to what extent structural features determine fluency and linguistic quality. We report the results of experiments on the predictive power of syntactic phrasing statistics and other structural features for these aspects of text. Manual assessments of sentence fluency for machine translation evaluation and text quality for summarization evaluation are used as gold-standard. We find that many structural features related to phrase length are weakly but significantly correlated with fluency and classifiers based on the entire suite of structural features can achieve high accuracy in pairwise comparison of sentence fluency and in distinguishing machine translations from human translations. We also test the hypothesis that the learned models capture general fluency properties applicable to human-authored text. The results from our experiments do not support the hypothesis. At the same time structural features and models based on them prove to be robust for automatic evaluation of the linguistic quality of multi-document summaries.
Comparison of hilar clamping and non-hilar clamping partial nephrectomy for tumours involving a solitary kidney

Objective • To compare outcomes of hilar clamping and non-hilar clamping partial nephrectomy for tumours involving a solitary functional kidney. Patients and methods • Between 1990 and 2009, 104 partial nephrectomies, excluding bench and autotransplant procedures, were performed on solitary functional kidneys. • An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was performed analyzing patient demographics, operative data, complications, oncological outcomes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). • GFR was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. • Preoperative GFR was compared to Early GFR (lowest measured GFR 7-100 days postoperatively) and to Late GFR (GFR 101-365 days postoperatively). • Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess covariates affecting Late GFR. • Kaplan-Meier estimator was utilized to compare renal cell carcinoma (RCC) specific survival and non-RCC-related survival. Results • In total, 29 partial nephrectomies with hilar clamping and 75 partial nephrectomies without hilar clamping were performed in solitary kidneys. Median follow-up was 57 months. • There was no difference in tumour size, location and the number of tumours resected between the two groups. Mean ischaemia time for the clamping group was 25 min. • Some 97% of the clamping procedures were performed with cold ischaemia. • There was no difference in intra-operative estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement or length of hospital stay. • The complication rate and spectrum of complications were similar between the two groups. • The two groups had similar preoperative GFR and Early GFR. The non-clamping group had a significantly smaller percent decrease in Late GFR (11.8% vs 27.7%, P= 0.01) than the clamping group. • The non-clamping group was significantly more likely to have a less than 10% decrease in Late GFR compared to the clamping group (60.9% vs 17.7%, P= 0.002). • On multivariate analysis, only hilar clamping was significantly associated with decreased Late GFR (estimate 15.0, P= 0.02). • Surgical margin positivity rate was higher in the clamping group (21% vs 4%, P= 0.01); however, the local recurrence rate between the two groups was similar. • The clamping and non-clamping groups had similar 5-year RCC-specific survival and 5-year non-RCC-related survival. Conclusions • Partial nephrectomy without hilar clamping in solitary kidneys provides similar cancer control compared to partial nephrectomy with hilar clamping. • Partial nephrectomy without clamping was associated with superior preservation of Late GFR. • No difference was detected in GFR early after surgery, possibly indicating that there may be ongoing renal loss after hilar clamping.
Synthesis of curved Si flakes using Mg powder as both the template and reductant and their derivatives for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon has been considered as one of the most promising carbon-alternative anode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, it is still challenging to facilely prepare Si with unique micro-/nano-structures on a large scale. Here, we report a designed procedure for the synthesis of curved Si microflakes. Commercial Mg powder was used as both the active template for SiO2 coating and reductant to subsequently reduce SiO2 sheaths into Si by magnesiothermic reaction, for the first time. The as-obtained curved Si flakes could be further tailored. We demonstrated that Sn@carbon nanorods (CRNs) could be formed on the surface of curved Si flakes forming a Si@Sn@CNR composite. When tested as anode materials for LIBs, the as-prepared Si@Sn@CNR composites exhibited highly improved electrochemical performance as compared to pure Si materials.
Calculating Milnor Numbers and Versal Component Dimensions from P-Resolution Fans

We use Altmann’s toric fan description of P-resolutions [1] to formulate a new description of deformation theory invariants for two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities. In particular, we show how to calculate the dimensions of the (reduced) versal base space components as well as Milnor numbers of smoothings over them.
Accelerating Boolean satisfiability with configurable hardware

This paper describes and evaluates methods for implementing formula-specific Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver circuits in configurable hardware. Starting from a general template design, our approach automatically generates VHDL for a circuit that is specific to the particular Boolean formula being solved. Such an approach tightly customizes the circuit to a particular problem instance. Thus, it represents an ideal use for dynamically-reconfigurable hardware, since it would be impractical to fabricate an ASIC for each Boolean formula being solved. Our approach also takes advantage of direct gate mappings and large degrees of fine-grained parallelism in the algorithm's Boolean logic evaluations. We compile our designs to two hardware targets: an IKOS logic emulation system, and Digital SRC's Pamette configurable computing board. Performance evaluations on the DIMACS SAT benchmark suite indicate that our approach offers speedups from 17X to more than a thousand times. Overall, this SAT solver demonstrates promising performance speedups on an important and complex problem with extensive applications in the CAD and AI communities.
Surgery of the Adnexa

Review of the functional anatomy of ocular adnexal tissues is followed by presentation of surgical procedures aimed at correcting conditions of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and third eyelids of small animals. Procedures used effectively by the primary author are described in detail including instances where combination procedures may be indicated. Some newer, recently described techniques are also briefly discussed. Illustrations of applied anatomy and multiple surgical techniques are provided by illustrator and coauthor Dr. Gheorghe Constantinescu. References are given to encourage readers to further explore alternative techniques focusing on the surgical correction of adnexal diseases of dogs and cats.
Promoting Tractability in South Africa and Israel/Palestine: The Role of Semiofficial Meetings

This article examines two cases of intractable intergroup conflict in which a process of “semiofficial talks” led adversaries to direct, official negotiation. It adopts a typological approach to specify the variables—in terms of the status of participants in the talks, the status of the third party, the objectives of the intervention, and the form of dialogue— that distinguish semiofficial talks from other forms of diplomacy. It analyzes why adversary leaders sought negotiated settlements and draws on oral histories and narrative accounts from participants in two cases of semiofficial talks, as well as on documented minutes of the meetings themselves, to trace the causal pathways by which such talks contributed to conflict resolution. Analysis of semiofficial talks in South Africa and Israel/Palestine permits an inductive approach to theory building regarding the particular political circumstances in which this type of conflict resolution initiative may be effective.
Medical cost analysis: Application to colorectal cancer data from the SEER Medicare database

Incompleteness is a key feature of most survival data. Numerous well established statistical methodologies and algorithms exist for analyzing life or failure time data. However, induced censorship invalidates the use of those standard analytic tools for some survival-type data such as medical costs. In this paper, some valid methods currently available for analyzing censored medical cost data are reviewed. Some cautionary findings under different assumptions are envisioned through application to medical costs from colorectal cancer patients. Cost analysis should be suitably planned and carefully interpreted under various meaningful scenarios even with judiciously selected statistical methods. This approach would be greatly helpful to policy makers who seek to prioritize health care expenditures and to assess the elements of resource use.
Smoothing Spline ANOVA with Component-Wise Bayesian “Confidence Intervals”

Abstract We study a multivariate smoothing spline estimate of a function of several variables, based on an ANOVA decomposition as sums of main effect functions (of one variable), two-factor interaction functions (of two variables), etc. We derive the Bayesian “confidence intervals” for the components of this decomposition and demonstrate that, even with multiple smoothing parameters, they can be efficiently computed using the publicly available code RKPACK, which was originally designed just to compute the estimates. We carry out a small Monte Carlo study to see how closely the actual properties of these component-wise confidence intervals match their nominal confidence levels. Lastly, we analyze some lake acidity data as a function of calcium concentration, latitude, and longitude, using both polynomial and thin plate spline main effects in the same model.
Professionalization in a Rationally Managed Corporate Organization

The purpose of this study was to explore professionalization as a phenomenon attendant to rational corporate management. The subjects were 320 engineers, the entire engineering staff of a merged manufacturing firm. Matched data relating to three dimensions of professionalization were gathered from the same subjects for the pre-merger and post-merger periods. It was posited that engineers would exhibit greater professionalization in an organization which was rationally managed than they would in one where rational management was not the norm. Hypotheses formulated and operationalized for the study were supported by the data.
Acute Coronary Syndrome

Implementation of the AHA/ACC standards for AMI is crucial for patient management and outcomes. The Centers for Medicare/Medicaid (CMS) has established indicators within the AMI core measure to ensure the evidence-based care is provided during the hospital stay. This core measure includes specific indicators that must be documented in the medical record. Refer to Box 2 for a list of the indicators. A recent announcement by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) stated the United States is declaring war on heart disease. Current costs for treating heart disease and stroke is estimated to be $1 out of every $6 in health care expenditures. This initiative is called the "Million Hearts Initiative." Ten states will receive $85 million in grants for the purpose of addressing chronic diseases targeting weight reduction, smoking cessation, control of lipids, and prevention of diabetes. Early recognition and early intervention for patients with ACS, followed by management of risk factors with secondary prevention strategies, are key to decreasing ACS-related mortality. Management of the ACS patient does not end with discharge from the hospital, but is continued throughout the patient's lifetime.
Optimization of oxygen sensitive optical dye membrane polymers for fluorescent-lifetime-based physiological biosensing

Fiber optic based sensor technologies have many significant advantages over electrochemical sensors, and as a result have broad application for sensing in biology, agriculture and medicine. An important component of fiber optic biosensor is the sensing element. Usually, a polymer matrix containing the analyte specific fluorescent dye is immobilized on one end of the fiber optic probe. The polymer matrix provides mechanical stability to the immobilized membrane and entraps the fluorescent dye molecules. The target analyte diffuses into the membrane polymer and quenches the fluorescent dye. This optical interaction between the analyte and fluorescent dye dynamically changes the fluorescence lifetime of the dye. These changing fluorescent lifetimes reveal information about the target analyte concentration. Although the fluorescent lifetime of the dye is of primary interest, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also very desirable. Conventionally, complex electronics is implemented to achieve high SNR. Various signal processing methods such as signal amplification and filtering are implemented to achieve high SNR. In this study, we report optical signal amplification by modification of the dye-polymer matrix by addition of titanium oxide particles. The addition of titanium oxide particles enhanced the optical signal intensity. Optical performances of different sizes and concentrations of titanium oxide particles are compared. We believe that this increased optical intensity is due to increased optical scattering in the dye-polymer matrix. We also compare the performance of titanium oxide particles to gold and other material particles to experimentally probe the exact nature of light scattering in the dye-polymer matrix.
Relative halothane accumulation in brain subcellular membranes in vitro

The accumulation of halothane in brain homogenates was compared with halothane accumulation in brain during inhalation at anesthetic and subanesthetic levels. Anesthesia is achieved at a tissue concentration well below the halothane solubility in brain tissue. Analysis of halothane in the particulate solids of brain homogenate and in purified subcellular membranes indicates that a membrane constituent (presumably the lipids) acts as an ideal solvent in which halothane is fully miscible. Therefore, membranes offer a local microenvironment in which halothane accumulation deviates from Henry's law. Specifically, we observe that even slight increases of halothane in a saline medium result in a relatively large increase in the concentration of halothane in subcellular membranes suspended in the medium, eventually leading to solvation of the membrane in halothane. This observation offers a ready explanation for the high degree of positive correlation between MAC and lipid solubility and the small difference between anesthetic and lethal concentrations of halothane during inhalation. The rate of halothane increase in myelin exceeded the rate in other brain subcellular membranes, indicating that a major site of halothane localization is within this subcellular membrane.
Variations in effective compensation depth across Aphrodite Terra, Venus

Topography and gravity data obtained by Pioneer Venus Orbiter have been used to estimate an effective depth of Airy compensation for each of 75 orbital arcs that provide fairly uniform areal coverage of Aphrodite Terra. A general increase in compensation depth is noted to the east, with the most rapid change occurring near 135 deg. Five distinctive regional patterns, four well defined peaks, and one interval of widely scattered and poorly constrained depths are found to be superimposed on this larger trend. It is noted that the maxima in compensation depth correlate well with regional topographic highs.
Parallel scalability of Hartree–Fock calculations

Quantum chemistry is increasingly performed using large cluster computers consisting of multiple interconnected nodes. For a fixed molecular problem, the efficiency of a calculation usually decreases as more nodes are used, due to the cost of communication between the nodes. This paper empirically investigates the parallel scalability of Hartree–Fock calculations. The construction of the Fock matrix and the density matrix calculation are analyzed separately. For the former, we use a parallelization of Fock matrix construction based on a static partitioning of work followed by a work stealing phase. For the latter, we use density matrix purification from the linear scaling methods literature, but without using sparsity. When using large numbers of nodes for moderately sized problems, density matrix computations are network-bandwidth bound, making purification methods potentially faster than eigendecomposition methods.
Quasi-Weyl asymptotics of the spectrum in the Dirichlet problem

A spectral problem of Dirichlet type where is a bounded set, is considered. All the natural generalizations of the classical Weyl's spectral asymptotic formula are described. The main property of these generalizations is as follows: the leading term of the asymptotic formula is an additive function of the set .
Austerity, Consumption, and Postwar Gender Disruption in Mollie Panter-Downes's One Fine Day

In her 1947 novel, Panter-Downes explores changes in gender roles and domesticity brought on by World War II, particularly through her narrative emphasis on postwar scarcity and ongoing food rationing. The text displays the impact of this everyday quality on the life of one English family and details, through explorations of changing patterns of consumption, ways in which middle-class expectations for domesticity were radically altered by wartime policies. While much scholarship that focuses on World War II-era women's writing looks at how authors responded to the war itself, this article illustrates how for many, quotidian elements such as food rationing were stand-ins for the war; therefore, examinations of domestic disruption extend our understanding of how World War II left its imprint on cultural production. Examinations of texts such as One Fine Day allow for a more complete understanding of the war and of its impact on women's lives.
Incremental Remapping as a Transport/Advection Algorithm

There are two fundamentally different strategies for solving the standard transport or continuity equation, corresponding to whether it is expressed as a partial differential equation or as an integral statement of conservation. The more common approach is to discretize the partial differential equation and to march the solution forward in time. The alternative method is to project cell volumes along Lagrangian trajectories as far forward or backward in time as desired, and then to remap the resulting density distribution onto some target mesh. This latter approach is known as remapping. Remapping has many advantages, not the least of which is that the time step is limited only by accuracy considerations, but it tends to be expensive and complex. In this paper we show that if the time step is made sufficiently short such that trajectories are confined to the nearest neighbor cells, then the remapping may be written as a flux-form transport algorithm, and it becomes nearly as simple and efficient as standard transport schemes. The resulting method, called incremental remapping, retains most of the advantages of general remapping. These include: (a) geometric basis for transport, (b) compatibility of associated tracer transport with simple tracer advection, i.e., retention of tracer monotonicity properties, and (c) efficient handling of multiple tracers since each additional tracer adds only a relatively small incremental cost.
CARDIAC RATE RESPONSES TO CIGARETTE SMOKING: A STUDY UTILIZING RADIOTELEMETRY

Radiotelemetry of the human EKG was obtained to observe for rate alterations during spontaneous cigarette smoking. Ten subjects were observed for a total of 26 hours during which time 50 cigarettes were smoked. The utilization of telemetry allowed the subjects to continue their usual afternoon behavior. There were no rate changes before, during, or after smoking which could be attributed to the cigarette. These results differ from most previous reports. Telemetry allows for two departures from past designs; subjects were ambulant and smoking behavior was spontaneous (both in initiation and rate). It is suggested that these departures are related to the results of the present study.
Culture conditions affecting induction and release of lymphocyte produced proliferation inhibitory factor (PIF).

Abstract Studies on the factors affecting the production of a proliferation inhibitory factor (PIF) by human lymphocytes are presented. Maximal PIF production occurred with mitogen stimulation of blood lymphocytes cultured at 1 × 106/ml. Optimal cultures contained 10% fetal calf serum, but PIF could be produced in the absence of serum, and after only a 6-hr pulse exposure to PHA. PIF production was found to correlate with lymphocyte activation in response to the mitogen PHA but was not related to lymphocyte proliferation (DNA synthesis). Inhibitory activity could be detected as early as 3 hr after mitogen addition, long before DNA synthesis occurs. The mitogens Con A and PWM initiated different intensities of DNA synthesis in these cultures, but similar quantities of PIF. Antigenic stimulation of sensitive human peripheral lymphocyte populations resulted in the release of PIF. Cells from donors that gave a strong positive skin test to tuberculin (PPD) responded in tissue culture to PPD by producing PIF, while the cells from skin test negative donors did not. A small quantity of PIF was also evident in the supernatants from cultures with no known stimulus (“unstimulated”), this was found to result from activation of the lymphocytes by nonlymphoid elements and by fetal calf serum. An investigation of the PIF-producing capabilities of other lymphoid tissues showed that lymph node cells produced this humoral factor, whereas thymus cells did not. Thymus cell supernatants, in fact, were found to contain an extremely labile cytotoxin which degraded rapidly upon storage.
Iatrogenic esophagobronchial fistula arising in irradiated Barrett's esophagus.

A 47-yr-old male underwent a right upper lobectomy for stage IIB bronchoalveolar carcinoma followed by 4600 Gy of irradiation. One year later a fistula formed from an ulcerated region of Barrett’s esophagus into the left main bronchus. Bronchotomy repair with onlay patch intercostal muscle flap and esophageal repair with serratus anterior muscle flap plus postoperative esophageal stent placement for stricture resulted in good functional results.
ALTERED MOOD AND NOREPINEPHRINE METABOLISM FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM ALCOHOL

Abstract Affective symptoms were evaluated in chronic alcoholics during a 2-week period following detoxification from alcohol. Increased ratings were apparent both on the Manic State Rating Scale (MSRS) and on the Ma Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in a subgroup of these patients. Primary symptoms included grandiosity, irritability, and mildly increased psychomotor activity. Alcoholics who had been detoxified for several months or hospitalized medical patients did not show similar symptoms. Measurements of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG), a metabolite of norepinephrine which has been associated with manic-depressive illness, also showed increased excretion in a sub-population of recently detoxified patients. The coexistence of depressed mood in these patients may have led to symptoms of hypomania being previously overlooked, although signs of depression are common in mania itself.
Review: Therapy for the altered mineral metabolism of chronic kidney disease: implications for vascular calcification

The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor outcomes largely due an increased likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events. Many factors are playing a role in cardiovascular disease in CKD including the development of vascular calcification (VC). Studies have indeed shown that the presence of VC is associated with decreased survival among patients with CKD. The pathogenesis of VC is itself multi-factorial. LikeLy playing a significant role is the altered mineral metabolism of CKD. Management of the altered mineral metabolism in CKD is quite difficult and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of VC. In this manuscript, we will review the pathogenesis of the altered mineral metabolism of CKD, its management, and how both may play a role in the development of VC.
A transposon-like element in the deletion-prone region of the dystrophin gene.

Abstract The central portion of the dystrophin gene locus is a preferential site for deletions causing progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type (DMD). The nucleotide sequence of a deletion junction fragment from a DMD patient was determined, revealing that the proximal breakpoint of the deletion in intron 43 fell within the sequence of a transposon-like element. This segment, belonging to the THE-1 family of human transposable elements, is normally present in a complete form in intron 43 of the dystrophin gene. The deletion mutation was maternally transmitted and eliminated two–thirds of the THE-1 element. Analysis of DNA from additional DMD patients revealed a second deletion with the proximal breakpoint mapping within the same THE-1 element.
Multimodal natural language platform supporting cellular phones

As 3rd Generation (3G) networks emerge they provide not only higher data transmission rates, but also the ability to transmit both voice and low latency data simultaneously. This capability can be leveraged to provide a multimodal user interface. We describe the end-to-end architecture of our implementation of a multimodal application (voice and graphical user interface) that uses Natural Language Understanding in the speech interface combined with a WAP browser to perform mobile office functions on a cellular phone. A novel aspect of the multimodal platform is that no software is required to be installed on the mobile device. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by a successful trial with 50 users over a 3G mobile network. We outline our framework, present the results and observations made during the trial.
On the Detection of Peaks and Valleys Using the Local Descriptors Method

In this correspondence it is demonstrated that the derivative of the angle with respect to an arbitrary independent parameter cannot in general be used to find peaks and valleys of a shape. It is then shown, using concepts from differential geometry, that curvature corresponds to the derivative of the angle with respect to an independent variable if and only if the angle is deflned as a single variable. It is further shown that peaks and valleys detected using curvature as a criterion are insufficient to completely describe a shape.
Prevention of de novo hepatitis B infection in recipients of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc positive donors.

Background. The shortage of donor organs occasionally mandates the use of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc + donors in recipients who are susceptible to de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and lamivudine to prevent de novo HBV infection in anti-HBs negative recipients of allografts from anti-HBc + donors has not been investigated. Methods. After liver transplantation with an allograft from a donor positive for anti-HBc, recipients who were anti-HBs - , HbsAg - received hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) 10,000 IU i.v. daily for 7 days and monthly for 6 months. After 6 months, 1000 IU of HBIG was given IM, every 2 weeks for 18 months. Patients transplanted after 4/1/97 were given lamivudine 150 mg daily starting postoperative day 1. Results. Between 8/14/96 and 6/10/98, 264 orthotopic liver transplants were performed and 16 anti-HBs - , HbsAg - patients received an hepatic allograft from a donor positive for anti-HBc. HBIG mono-therapy was administered to one patient. HBIG and lamivudine combination therapy was administered to 15 patients. Of the 16 patients, 8 were positive only for anti-HBc before transplant, and 8 were naive (anti-HBs - , anti-HBc - ). The single patient who received HBIG mono-therapy became HbsAg + at 6 months. All patients receiving combination therapy with HBIG and lamivudine have remained HbsAg - . The average follow-up is 459 days (range 170-754). Two patients died from unrelated causes. Conclusions. Combination therapy with HBIG and lamivudine may prevent de novo HBV infection in anti-HBs - , HbsAg - recipients of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc + donors.
Hereditary determinants of fears and phobias: A critical review

Although behavior therapy was founded on the assumption that problematic behaviors are learned during the life history of the individual, there is currently a strong tendency to minimize or to rule out altogether the “learning-conditioning” analysis of fears and phobias in favor of an emphasis on hereditary factors. This article examined several research findings that have been presented as consistent with the assumption that fears and phobias are more dependent upon inherited predispositions than upon organisms' individual learning histories. Research areas covered included allegations of failures to replicate. Watson and Rayner's (1920) influential fear conditioning study, taste-aversion learning phenomena, human conditioning experiments with phobic and nonphobic preaversive stimuli, research on the topography of avoidance responses, and the “hawkgoose” effect with birds. The main conclusion was that, although the learning-conditioning approach is inadequate, no body of research conclusively supports the evolutionary hypothesis. Attempts to fit the ontogeny of fear into the traditional “innate versus learned” framework may have hampered identification of developmental factors underlying fear behavior that go beyond concepts of heredity and learning.
A solid-state electronic device for the automatic sequential dispensing of buffer solutions in column chromatography.

Abstract An apparatus has been constructed which automatically dispenses buffers to a chromatographic column. The dispensing is sequential and shifting to another buffer is caused by the depletion of a preceding buffer. The shifting operation is accomplished by the use of a high-voltage ring counter which is triggered by electrical pulses arising from the passage of a meniscus through photoelectric detection units. Normally shut solenoid valves provide the basis of flow control for four buffer. A fifth solenoid valve is a three-way directional flow type which can be plugged into one of the stages so as to divert the eluant stream when that stage is activated. The ability of the ring counter to be activated at any of its four stages and its cyclic mode of operation permit the diverting of the eluant stream to occur at any desired stage in the chromatographic procedure. The device can be easily modified for use in recycling chromatography or combinations of standard and recycling chromatography.
An efficient synthesis of chiral 2-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-2-butenolides

Abstract A high yield, two-step synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2-( p -tolyl-sulfinyl) -2-butenolides has been developed. The method is applicable to the preparation of butenolides having a variety of substituents in the 3-position.
Parallel out-of-core computation and updating of the QR factorization

This article discusses the high-performance parallel implementation of the computation and updating of QR factorizations of dense matrices, including problems large enough to require out-of-core computation, where the matrix is stored on disk. The algorithms presented here are scalable both in problem size and as the number of processors increases. Implementation using the Parallel Linear Algebra Package (PLAPACK) and the Parallel Out-of-Core Linear Algebra Package (POOCLAPACK) is discussed. The methods are shown to attain excellent performance, in some cases attaining roughly 80% of the “realizable” peak of the architectures on which the experiments were performed.
End-mass instrumentation for the first SEDS/Delta II mission

The dynamics instrumentation is described which will be flown in the end-mass of the first tethered satellite to be deployed from a Delta II launch vehicle with the SEDS (Small Expendable Deployer System) low-tension deployer. Transducers, signal conditioning, power supply design, data acquisition procedures and data recovery plans are discussed. The effects of temperature variations and other potential error sources are considered.
How Culture Helped Dow AgroSciences Succeed in Achieving Business Objectives of an Acquisition

When Mycogen Seeds, a subsidiary of Dow AgroSciences (DAS), purchased Cargill Hybrid Seeds, there were good business reasons to do so. But DAS knew that achieving the promising business synergies depended upon successfully blending not just the businesses, but the culture in which the critical people would work. So they established a cross-functional integration team whose efforts both embodied a culture of respect for each individual and built as smooth a path as possible to achieve the underlying business objectives. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The plasminogen-plasmin system in malignancy

The study of the plasminogen-plasmin system has, in the past, contributed much to the understanding of fibrinolysis and thrombolysis. Attention is now focused on the role of the components of this system in many biologic functions. Findings of uPA, its receptor and its inhibitor in many tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, strongly implicate their involvement in tumor invasion, tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The characteristics of the plasminogen activators, the uPA receptor and the plasminogen activator inhibitors as well as their expression and regulation in tumors and tumor cell lines are reviewed.
Flood trends: Not higher but more often

Heavy precipitation has increased worldwide, but the effect of this on flood magnitude has been difficult to pinpoint. An alternative approach to analysing records shows that, in the central United States, floods have become more frequent but not larger.
Antinociception induced by electrical stimulation of spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group of the rat.

Abstract Recent anatomical evidence indicates that the pontine A7 catecholamine cell group provides the major noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord dorsal horn (laminae I–IV). The experiments described in this report were designed to determine if these neurons modulate nociception at the level of the spinal cord. To this end, the antinociceptive effect of electrical stimulation applied at various sites along several tracks through the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum was determined in lightly anesthetized rats. The latency of the withdrawal response of the hind feet to noxious radiant thermal stimulation applied to the dorsal surface was used as a measure of nociception. The results indicated that the most potent and consistent antinociception was produced at sites near the A7 cell group. In addition, intrathecal injection of α-noradrenergic antagonists blocked the antinociception produced by electrical stimulation at sites near the A7 group. These observations indicate that the antinociception produced by stimulation near the A7 cell group was mediated by spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons. The results of these experiments provide evidence that pontospinal noradrenergic neurons located in the A7 cell group are important components of the descending neuronal system that modulates nociception.
The Digestive System of the Periodical Cicada, Tibicen Septendecim Linn

Numerous authors have reported the impossibility of following the digestive system of the periodical cicada throughout its entire length. Of those who state that it is complete and well organized, none attempts any detailed description. My attention was called to the matter in 1916 by Dr. C. W. Hargitt who had himself been interested in the question of digestive activity in this insect for someyears. Dr. Hargitt’s observation dealt particularly with the feeding habits of the cicada. He had also directed a graduate student, R. L. Henderson, in an attempt to work out the morphological details of the enteron. Unfortunately before this work was completed the death of Mr. Henderson intervened.
Sine wave contrast target for direct view optics field performance measurements

In this research, a sensor performance measurement technique is developed similar to the Triangle Orientation Discrimination (TOD), but sinusoids are used instead of triangles. Also, instead of infrared systems, the technique is applied to the eye and direct view optics. This new technique is called Contrast Threshold Function Orientation Discrimination (CTFOD) and the result is a "system" contrast threshold function that can be used with Vollmerhausen's Target Task Performance (TTP) metric. The technique is a simple technique that can be measured in the field using a target board where the results provide for the eye, the optics transfer function and transmission, and any atmospheric turbulence effects that are present.
Varicella in pregnancy

Varicella-zoster virus may cause serious infection, particularly pneumonia, in adult women. Women of child-bearing age should be questioned about immunity to varicella preceonceptually, and offered serological testing, and VARIVAX vaccine if indicated. All pregnant patients should be questioned about immunity to varicella during their first prenatal appointment. Susceptible patients should be counseled to avoid contact with individuals who have chickenpox. If exposure occurs, VZIG should be administered within 96 hours in an attempt to prevent maternal infection. Varicella embryopathy may occur as a result of maternal infection particularly in the first half of pregnancy with an incidence of 1% to 2%. Varicella of the newborn is a life-threatening illness that may occur when a newborn is delivered within 5 days of the onset of maternal illness or after postdelivery exposure to varicella. Susceptible neonates should receive VZIG. Acyclovir is active against the varicella-zoster virus, and treatment is indicated in seriously ill adults and neonates.
cis-Platinum Ototoxicity

The incidence and spectrum of ototoxicity secondary to cis-platinum administration in 104 cancer patients ranging in age from 8-78 years were determined. Pure tone thresholds from 500 to 8000 Hz were evaluated prior to and following cis-platinum administration. The most sensitive frequencies were 6000 and 8000 Hz. Younger patients had lower threshold increases per administered dose than older patients. High drug dosages caused larger threshold elevations and extended to lower frequencies. Prehydration and mannitol infusion did not alter ototoxicity. Audiographic evaluation appears necessary for monitoring the treatment of cancer patients with cis-platinum.
Sliding mode of control of flexible spacecraft under disturbance torque

A control system design is presented for large angle rotational manoeuvres of a spacecraft-beam-tip body (an antenna or a reflector) configuration. Although this approach is applicable to three-axis manoeuvres, for simplicity only single-axis control is treated here. It is assumed that an unknown but bounded disturbance torque acts on the spacecraft. A sliding mode attitude control law is derived for slewing of the space vehicle. This slewing control law requires only the attitude error and its derivative for feedback. It does not need any information on the elastic motion of the system. For the damping of the elastic motion, a stabilizer is seperately designed based on the asymptotically decoupled system describing the elastic deflections in two orthogonal planes. Simulation results are presented to show that precise large rotational manoeuvres can be performed using an attitude controller and elastic mode stabilizer in spite of the uncertainty in the system.
Biotinylation of aminopyridine-based macrocycles and metallomacrocycles and inclusion of biotinylated iron(II) complex in avidin

A simple methodology for single-site conjugation of macrocycles and metallomacrocycles with biotin is presented. This method has been used to conjugate a redox-active macrocyclic complex and embed it into avidin. The resulting biotin-metal complex-avidin adduct exhibits peroxidase activity as shown by the oxidation of ABTS and pyrogallol with H2O2.
SbF5-Mediated Reactions of Oxafluorodiazirines

The reaction of benzyloxyfluorodiazirine (3) with SbF5 in benzene gives PhCH2OCF, which undergoes SbF5-mediated fragmentation to PhCH2+, CO, and SbF6-; the benzyl cation alkylates benzene to yield diphenylmethane. Phenoxyfluorodiazirine (4) reacts with SbF5 in benzene to give PhOCF and (ultimately) triphenylmethane by a pathway that avoids fragmentation.
On the function of granular tubules in rodent submandibular glands: histochemical observations on Octodon degas.

Abstract The submandibular gland of the Chilian rodent, Octodon degas , was studied histochemically with Alcian blue, Azure A, toluidine blue, PAS with diastase controls, and a starch substrate film method for amylase. Granular tubules were well developed in both males and females. The acini were amylase-positive. There were no apparent sexual differences in amylase activity. The Alcian blue and Azure A reactions, in addition to toluidine blue metachromasia, indicated that the acini were also acid mucosubstance-positive. The granular tubules were negative for both acid mucosubstances and amylase. The PAS reaction was intense in male acinar cells and moderate in female acinar cells. The granular tubules had a faint PAS reaction.
The quest for anesthetic depth: Albert Faulconer, electroencephalography and the servo-controlled anesthesia machine.

Introduction In October 1996 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a new monitoring device of anesthetic effect that integrates various electroencephalogram (EEG) descriptors into a single dimensionless, empirically calibrated number, the Bispectral Index (BIS, Aspect Medical Systems, Natick, MA).1 The BIS monitor is the latest innovation in the quest for a reliable monitoring device of anesthetic depth, the “holy grail” of monitoring for anesthesiologists.2 This new monitor is gaining acceptance in the anesthesia community, but the basic concept of this idea goes back to the early 1950’s. At that time Albert Faulconer and Reginald Bickford from the Mayo Clinic first systematically investigated EEG changes induced by various anesthetic agents.3-5 In a pioneering project, they went a step further and attempted to create the first closed-loop anesthesia delivering device, the servocontrolled anesthesia machine, aimed at automatic control of anesthetic depth via EEG guided delivery of anesthetic agents.6 The following is an illustration of some of the problems associated with this groundbreaking idea.
An Energy Management System for Building Structures Using a Multi-Agent Decision-Making Control Methodology

Aligned towards net zero energy building goals, building energy management systems will consider energy utilization efficiency improvement, energy cost reduction and renewable energy technology utilization to serve the local energy loads in building structures with dispersed resources. The distributed management of building energy system in this paper describes a semi-centralized decision making methodology using multi-agent systems for building energy management system in electrical, heating and cooling energy zones with combined heat and power system optimization aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing energy cost. The semi-centralized decision making process will be implemented in a case study to pursue minimum energy cost.