cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) Photodetectors Based on Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Film-GaAs Schottky Contacts

We experimentally study the dark and photocurrent in metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors based on single-walled carbon nanotube film Schottky contacts on GaAs. We find that above ~260°K, thermionic emission of electrons with a barrier height of ~0.54 eV is the dominant dark current transport mechanism. Furthermore, MSM devices with CNT film electrodes exhibit a higher photocurrent-to-dark current ratio while maintaining a comparable responsivity relative to control devices. This work demonstrates that nanotube films can be integrated as Schottky electrodes in conventional semiconductor optoelectronic devices.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy and Childhood: A Cohort Study

We sought to (1) determine if there is an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in cases of sudden death in infancy and childhood; (2) establish whether there is a link between VDD and infection; and (3) assess if the level of vitamin D can be related to abnormalities in the skeletal survey and rib histology in our cohort. The postmortem reports of cases in which vitamin D levels were measured in 2009 and 2010 were retrieved. When parental consent for audit had been granted, rib histology and skeletal surveys were reviewed. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured in 41 postmortem cases. Ten (24.5%) had adequate levels, 5 (12%) had suboptimal levels, 16 (39%) had moderate deficiency, and 10 (24.5%) had severe deficiency. We had only 4 cases with VDD and infection. There were 25 cases of unexplained death in our cohort, and 76% of these had inadequate vitamin D levels. The rib histology was abnormal in 69% of cases that had inadequate vitamin D levels, while the radiology was abnormal in 19% of cases. A significant proportion of infants and children who died suddenly and unexpectedly had inadequate levels of vitamin D. We were unable to confirm or exclude an association between VDD and infection due to the small number of cases with confirmed infection. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm our findings and explore possible associations between VDD and other known risk factors for sudden unexplained death in infancy and childhood.
Proton imaging of hohlraum plasma stagnation in inertial-confinement-fusion experiments

Proton radiography of the spatial structure and temporal evolution of plasma blowing off from a hohlraum wall reveals how the fill gas compresses the wall blow-off, inhibits plasma jet formation and impedes plasma stagnation in the hohlraum interior. The roles of spontaneously generated electric and magnetic fields in hohlraum dynamics and capsule implosions are demonstrated. The heat flux is shown to rapidly convect the magnetic field due to the Nernst effect, which is shown to be ?10 times faster than convection by the plasma fluid from expanded wall blow-off (vN???10v). This leads to inhibition of heat transfer from the gas region in the laser beam paths to the surrounding cold gas, resulting in a local plasma temperature increase. The experiments show that interpenetration of the two materials (gas and wall) occurs due to the classical Rayleigh?Taylor instability as the lighter, decelerating ionized fill gas pushes against the heavier, expanding gold wall blow-off. This experiment provides physics insight into the effects of fill gas on x-ray-driven implosions, and would impact the ongoing ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility.
A first eigenvalue estimate for embedded hypersurfaces

Abstract Suppose that M is a compact orientable hypersurface embedded in a compact n-dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold N. Suppose that the Ricci curvature of N is bounded below by a positive constant k. We show that 2 λ 1 > k − ( n − 1 ) max M | H | where λ 1 is the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian of M and H is the mean curvature of M.
Multiaxis Contour Control—the State of the Art

Contour control is an important task for many motion control applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art control methods in academic research for contour tracking, including individual axis tracking control, cross coupled control and its variants, and other contour control methods, such as neural networks and velocity field control. Different methods for contour error estimation are also reviewed. Areas for future multiaxis contour control research are discussed.
Antibody to myelin constituents: a possible factor in induction of cell-mediated demyelination.

Results from this laboratory have demonstrated that14C-labeled myelin opsonized with antibodies raised to purified CNS myelin in rabbit is phagocytized by cultured macrophages in larger amounts than untreated myelin or myelin opsonized with preimmune serum. The cultured macrophages produced high amounts of radioactive cholesterol ester and triglyceride from the antibody-treated myelin while much less was formed from preimmune serum-treated or untreated myelin. Antiserum to galactocerebroside also greatly enhanced the formation of radioactive cholesterol ester, while that to myelin basic protein as well as to other myelin constituents had little or no effect. Serum from Lewis rats with acute EAE 13–14 days after immunization with whole CNS myelin also stimulated radioactive cholesterol ester formation compared to serum from Freund's adjuvant-injected controls (FAC). Serum from EAE rats as a result of myelin basic protein injection was as active as that from rats with whole myelin injection. No galactocerebroside antibody could be demonstrated in the EAE sera, although a strong immunostaining to myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein was demonstrated. IgG prepared from EAE serum also showed stimulatory effects compared to IgG from FAC serum, but much of the activity was lost, and the possibility that other factors may be involved is discussed. These experiments provide evidence that myelin phagocytosis and digestion by macrophages is enhanced by the presence of antibody to myelin. In EAE this antibody may leak into CNS with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. A humoral involvement in demyelination in EAE is implicated, and these findings may be extended eventually to the demyelinative mechanism in multiple sclerosis where IgG is found in large amounts in the CNS.
beta-Retinoic acid inhibits and reverses testosterone-induced hyperplasia in mouse prostate organ cultures.

CERTAIN human prostatic cancers are associated with abnormalities of testosterone metabolism and/or increased sensitivity of prostatic epithelial cells to testosterone1,2. Most treatments, (oestrogen therapy, orchiectomy and radiation therapy) for these diseases are designed therefore to reduce the levels of testosterone or its active metabolites in the patients3. Recently, however, studies with non-hormonal chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer have been initiated3–5. In mouse prostate organ cultures, we and Lasnitzki have shown that vitamin A and several synthetic analogues (retinoids) inhibit and reverse carcinogen-induced epithelial lesions6–8. Since testosterone has been linked with human prostatic cancer and induces hyperplastic lesions of the prostatic epithelium in vitro2,9, it prompted us to start investigating the effects of β-retinoic acid (RA) and other retinoids on testosterone-induced lesions in the mouse prostate system. Preliminary results presented in this report show that RA inhibited and reversed testosterone-induced lesions in mouse prostate organ cultures.
Effects of carbonate species on the kinetics of dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by zero-valent iron.

The effect of precipitates on the reactivity of iron metal (Fe0) with 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) was studied in batch systems designed to model groundwaters that contain dissolved carbonate specie...
Plant-based resist materials for ultraviolet curing nanoimprint lithography

Plant-based resist materials with liquid trehalose derivatives are investigated to achieve low volumetric shrinkage in ultraviolet curing nanoimprint lithography. This procedure is proven to be suitable for resist material design in the process conditions of ultraviolet curing nanoimprint lithography. The developed plant-based resist material using liquid trehalose derivatives with epoxy groups produces high-quality imprint images of 65-nm line and space. The distinctive bulky glucose structure in trehalose derivatives is considered to be effective for minimizing volumetric shrinkage of resist film during ultraviolet polymerization.
Protection from clinical depression in medical long‐term care facilities: Evidence for psychologic adaptation in cognitively intact patients

A recent study in a medical long-term care facility (LTCF) population demonstrated evidence of psychologic adaptation in a predominantly demented population. We have also reported evidence of such adaptation which lowered the risk of depression in an LTCF sample. The present study extends the adaptational variables for depression compares areas of agreement between the dementia and depression studies, reviews the adaptational construct, and suggests clinical applications targeted to primary prevention of depression in this setting.
PAX3-FKHR sensitizes human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells to camptothecin-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis

Patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) have poorer response to conventional chemotherapy and lower survival rates than those with embryonal RMS (ERMS). By high-throughput screening, we identified camptothecin as an ARMS-selective inhibitor. Camptothecin more efficiently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in Rh30 (ARMS) than RD (ERMS) cells. Ectopic expression of the PAX3-FKHR (PF) fusion protein in RD cells significantly increased sensitivity, whereas siRNA knockdown of PF decreased sensitivity of Rh30 cells to camptothecin. The sensitization required a transcriptionally active PF, and camptothecin downregulated levels of PF protein. These findings suggest that it is feasible to develop agents that preferentially block the growth of ARMS.
The Influence of Light on Relationships Between Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean in Field and Controlled Environments

ABSTRACT Interaction phenotypes between soybean and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum observed in controlled and field environments often do not correlate. Resistant and susceptible accessions were selected...
Effect of latent heat on oscillatory and cellular mode coupling in rapid directional solidification.

At large rates of solidification, some metallic alloys exhibit periodic microstructures along the growth direction in which layers free of lateral segregation alternate with cellular, dendritic, or eutectic phases. We investigate the formation of microstructures such as these bands by studying the nonlinear dynamics of the rapidly solidifying interface for a dilute binary alloy. The model employed in these studies has a velocity-dependent segregation coefficient and liquidus slope, a linear form of attachment kinetics, and the effects of latent heat release and full temperature distribution. Huntley and Davis performed a linear stability analysis on this model which revealed two modes of instability to the planar solid/liquid interface: (i) a steady cellular instability, and (ii) an oscillatory instability driven by disequilibrium effects. In this paper we investigate the nonlinear interaction between these two instabilities by performing a weakly nonlinear analysis on their coupling. The bifurcation analysis results in coupled Landau equations that govern the behavior of the disturbance amplitudes. The theoretical predictions are applied to several physical systems that exhibit large-transition-rate microstructures. Although bands are not described with this analysis, our results give insight into the influence of latent heat on the nonlinear dynamics and suggest where banding behavior may be found. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Saw-tooth fever pneumonia

Summary Two cases of pneumonia with extremely wide daily variations in temperature are reported. They conform in many respects to the picture of saw-tooth fever pneumonia described by Moro and by Freudenberg.
Asbestos-related diseases.

Mise a jour: identification et differents types d'amiante; maladies liees a l'exposition a l'amiante: mesotheliome, cancers du poumon, du larynx, du tube digestif, asbestose, lesions pleurales benignes. Caracteres de l'amiante importants pour la determination de maladies. Risques d'exposition non professionnelle. Considerations de prevention
Isolation of human platelet and red blood cell plasma membrane proteins by preparative detergent electrophoresis.

Abstract High resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques have been applied to the preparative isolation and analysis of plasma membrane proteins and glycoproteins from human platelets and red blood cells. The techniques presented allow relatively simple, direct, rapid and quantitative purification of a broad molecular weight range of membrane proteins, by means of continuous elution preparative gel electrophoresis of proteins solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Spectrophotometric and fluorophotometric (fluorescamine) profiling, and high resolution gel electrophoretic analysis (SDS-acrylamide gradient slab gels, and gel electrofocusing) of eluted protein species indicate that purified membrane proteins of a broad molecular weight range may be obtained in a one step procedure, and in quantities and concentrations sufficient for further analytical or experimental procedures.
Willingness to apply understood ethical principles

Recent research suggests a discrepancy between understanding vs. implementation of ethical principles. The present study investigated the relationship between decisions with regard to what “should” vs. what “would” be done in a variety of ethical conflict situations. Additionally, this research examined the influence of the degree of closeness of the respondent to the identified person-of-reference in each conflict scenario. The results strongly supported the conclusion that while professional clinicians are capable of recognizing conduct that falls below accepted ethical standards, they are less willing to follow through with required action. Restrictiveness of conflict resolution was related to both person-of-reference group and to specific ethical situation. The results are discussed in terms of attribution theory and actor-observer effects.
Active network synthesis with a nonideal device

Abstract In this paper the Horowitz RC-gyrator realization of a transfer impedance will be considered. Restrictions on single-transistor realizations will be derived. Sensitivity of poles to the most variable of the active device parameters will be considered and related to the Callahan optimum decomposition.
Enhanced contractility with 2-deoxy-ATP and EMD 57033 is correlated with reduced myofibril structure and twitch power in neonatal cardiomyocytes

As cardiomyocytes mature, their sarcomeres and Z-band widths increase in length in order for their myofibrils to produce stronger twitch forces during a contraction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tensional homeostasis is affected by altering myofibril forces. To assess this hypothesis, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured on arrays of microposts to measure cellular contractility. An optical line scanning technique was used to measure the deflections in the microposts with high temporal resolution, enabling the analysis of twitch force, twitch velocity, and twitch power. Myofibril force production was elevated by vector-mediated overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) to increase cellular dATP content or by adding the inotropic agent EMD 57033 (EMD). We found that RR and EMD treatment did not affect cardiomyocyte twitch force, but it did lead to reduced twitch velocity and twitch power. Immunofluorescent analysis of α-actinin revealed that RR-over-expressing cardiomyocytes and EMD-treated cardiomyocytes had lower spread area, sarcomere length, and Z-band width as compared to control cells. These results indicate a correlation between myofibril structure and cardiac power. This correlation was confirmed by exposing the cells to the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin, and then subsequently washing it out. After wash-out, cardiomyocytes exhibited a reduction in twitch force, velocity, and power due to shorter sarcomere length and Z-band widths. Our results suggest that cardiac myofibril structure is regulated by tensional homeostasis. If myofibril-generated forces in cardiomyocytes are elevated, a state of tensional homeostasis is maintained by producing sufficient twitch forces with a lower degree myofibril structure.
Every integer is a sum or difference of 28 integral eighth powers

Soit v(k) le plus petit s tel que tout tentier soit la somme de s elements de la forme ±zk, ou z est un entier. On etablit que 17≤v(8)≤28
Calculation of Ionized-Impurity Scattering Mobility of Electrons in Hg 1-x Cd x Te

A study is made of the magnitude of the ionized-impurity scattering mobility of conduction electrons in $n$-type ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cd}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$ at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, covering the alloy composition range $0lxl0.3$. Calculations of the mobility have been made, assuming the Born approximation for scattering by singly ionized donors in degenerate material having a nonparabolic conduction band. They account well for available mobility data.
Linguistic and attitudinal factors in normal-hearing bilingual listeners' perception of degraded English passages.

Purpose Linguistic variables alone cannot fully account for bilingual listeners' perception of English-running speech. In the present study, the authors investigated how linguistic and attitudinal factors, in combination, affect bilingual processing of temporally degraded English passages in quiet and in noise. Method Thirty-six bilinguals with various linguistic and attitudinal characteristics participated in the study. Bilingual individuals completed questionnaires that assessed their language background, willingness to communicate (WTC), and self-perceived communication competency (SPCC) in English. Participants listened to English passage pairs from the Connected Speech Test, presented at 45 dB HL at 3 rates (unprocessed, expanded, compressed), in quiet and in noise. Results Language proficiency measures were the most significant linguistic variables, accounting for the largest amount of variance in performance across most conditions. Both WTC and SPCC were associated with performance and contributed ...
Probabilities of eventually developing or dying of cancer--United States 1985

The usual measures of the magnitude of the cancer problem are annual incidence and mortality data. We present another measure of the magnitude of the cancer problem. We computed the probabilities at birth and at various ages of developing or dying of the disease within 10 years, 20 years, or total lifetime and show the trends that have occurred in these data since 1975. These probabilities were computed for males and females and among whites and blacks for 1975 and 1980, and projected to 1985. The data indicate a continuing, albeit modest, increase in the probabilities of eventually developing cancer in each of the four sex-race groups, both excluding and including carcinoma in situ. White males now show the highest probability at birth of eventually developing cancer, and black females, the lowest, with the figures for the other two groups being intermediate. Larger increases were seen for males between 1980 and 1985 (more than three percent) than for females (two percent or less). A child born in the US in 1985 has more than one in three chances of eventually developing invasive cancer (exclusive of epidermoid skin cancer). By site, for males the largest probabilities and the largest increases in the probabilities are for eventually developing lung and prostate cancer. For women, the largest eventual probabilities are for breast cancer, almost one in 10 for white females and one in 14 for black females. The largest increases are seen for lung cancer and cancer of the colon-rectum. The probability of eventually dying of cancer is increasing among the four sex-race groups and is now greater for males of both races than for their female counterparts. For males born in 1985, the chances of eventual death from cancer are almost one in four, and for females, almost one in five. With the long-term, downward trends in terms of other causes of death--most specifically, decreases in mortality from cardiovascular diseases--the effect on the population at large is greater longevity. This situation, in turn, leaves more people longer time to be exposed to cancer risks. Thus, while the probabilities of developing or dying of cancer are seen to increase, the increases should be viewed in light of the increasing numbers of people available for such an occurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Mathematical relationships for the heat of respiration as a function of produce temperature

Abstract Heat of respiration of a crop is a part of the refrigeration load that must be considered in designing cold-storage rooms for produce. This study was undertaken to develop a mathematical algorithm for the heat of respiration of produce when stored at different temperatures. The crops studied were grouped in such a way that a common mathematical equation could be used to estimate the heat of respiration. The equation used is of the sigmoidal transition type, and constants were found for seventy-six commodities.
Punishment's place: the local concentration of mass incarceration

American crime policy took an unexpected turn in the latter part of the twenty-first century, entering a new penal regime. From the 1920s to the early 1970s, the incarceration rate in the United States averaged 110 inmates per 100,000 persons. This rate of incarceration varied so little in the United States and internationally that many scholars believed the nation and the world were experiencing a stable equilibrium of punishment.1 But beginning in the mid-1970s, the U.S. incarceration rate accelerated dramatically, reaching the unprecedented rate of 197 inmates per 100,000 persons in 1990 and the previously unimaginable rate of 504 inmates per 100,000 persons in 2008.2 Incarceration in the United States is now so prevalent that it has become a normal life event for many disadvantaged young men, with some segments of the population more likely to end up in prison than attend college.3 Scholars have broadly described this national phenomenon as mass incarceration.4
Geometric approach to detecting and locating cracks in thin plates by Lamb wave reflection: case of moving transducer

This paper portrays work for the development of a Lamb wave scanning method for the detection of defects in thin plates. The approach requires the generation of an ultrasonic A o and S o -Mode Lamb Wave using an incident transmitter excited with a tone burst centered at a near non-dispersive frequency. With a fixed relative separation both transmitter and receiving transducer, remotely scan a specific line section of the plate. The arrival time information coming from incident and reflected waves contain information associated with the location of reflection surfaces or potential flaws. The Hilbert-Huang transform is applied to the intrinsic mode functions which permit the computation of the signal energy as a function of time, proportional to the square of the amplitude of the analytical signal. The arrival times and amplitudes of the notch-reflected energy are used to calculate by means of two geometric methods, the coordinates of the source of the reflections. The resulting coordinates outline the extent and relative direction of notches in two different scenarios. One is having notches in a 0 to 22.5 degree orientation in respect to the far edge of the plate and two with notches of various sizes at a single rivet hole. Results of experiments conducted on 1.6mm-thick Aluminum square plates, with an arrangement of notches as described compare favorably with the actual notches.
Improbability mapping: A metric for satellite-detection of submarine volcanic eruptions

article Submarine volcanic eruptions can result in both real and apparent changes in marine algal communities, e.g., in- creases in phytoplankton biomass and/or growth rates that can cover thousands of square kilometers. Satellite ocean color monitoring detects these changes as increases in chlorophyll and particulate backscattering. De- tailed, high resolution analysis is needed to separate the optical effects of volcanic products from the response of the marine algal community. It is possible to calculate an index, which maps the magnitude of improbable change (relative to long term average conditions) following known volcanic eruptions by using low resolution, initial estimates of chlorophyll and backscatter along with an archived history of satellite data. We apply multi- variate probability analysis to changes in global satellite ocean chlorophyll and particulate backscatter data to create a new metric for observing apparent biological responses to submarine eruptions. Several examples are shown, illustrating the sensitivity of our improbability mapping index to known submarine volcanic events, yielding a potentially robust method for the detection of new events in remote locations.
Rac function in epithelial tube morphogenesis

Epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis require dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion complexes. Numerous studies in cell culture and in model organisms have demonstrated the small GTPase Rac to be a critical regulator of these processes; however, little is known about Rac function in the morphogenic movements that drive epithelial tube formation. Here, we use the embryonic salivary glands of Drosophila to understand the role of Rac in epithelial tube morphogenesis. We show that inhibition of Rac function, either through loss of function mutations or dominant-negative mutations, disrupts salivary gland invagination and posterior migration. In contrast, constitutive activation of Rac induces motile behavior and subsequent cell death. We further show that Rac regulation of salivary gland morphogenesis occurs through modulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and that shibire, the Drosophila homolog of dynamin, functions downstream of Rac in regulating beta-catenin localization during gland morphogenesis. Our results demonstrate that regulation of cadherin-based adherens junctions by Rac is critical for salivary gland morphogenesis and that this regulation occurs through dynamin-mediated endocytosis.
Constituents of microbial iron chelators. The synthesis of optically active derivatives of δ-N-hydroxy-L-ornithine.

Abstract δ-N-Hydroxy-L-ornithine derivatives were synthesized from L-glutamic acid by reduction of the γ-acid chloride to the aldehyde, formation of the substituted oxime, and reductive acylation.
Effects of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) on CIE Documentary Standards for Radiometry, Photometry, and Colorimetry.

The differences between ITS-90 and IPTS-68 above 1235 K are described. It is shown that none of the following CIE definitions or recommendations require revision because of the introduction of the ITS-90: International Lighting Vocabulary definitions; CIE Standard Illuminants A, D65, other illuminants; and sources for realizing CIE Illuminants. The effect of the ITS-90 on previously calibrated sources for realizing CIE illuminants is negligibly small.
The role of the intra-aortic balloon in cardiac anesthesia and surgery.

Abstract The use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in cardiac surgical patients has become accepted treatment. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the frequency of use of the balloon, (2) to re-evaluate the indications for the IABP, and (3) to assess the hemodynamic effects of the balloon during surgery. In the past 24 months, the IABP was used in 63 of 1,738 (3.62%) adult cardiac surgical patients. Eight patients required the IABP prior to surgery due to complicated acute myocardial infarctions. In 13 patients, the IABP was used in the operating room before bypass for complicated infarctions or severe left ventricular dysfunction. It was not considered necessary before bypass in patients with left main coronary artery disease, moderately depressed left ventricular function, or unstable angina. In addition, 42 patients required the IABP to discontinue cardiopulmonary bypass. Detailed hemodynamic measurements were made in 11 patients. The IABP decreased systolic blood pressure, left and right ventricular filling pressures, and peripheral resistance, while it increased diastolic and mean arterial pressures, stroke work, cardiac output, and the endocardial viability ratio. The intra-aortic balloon was shown to be life-saving in certain patients. However, it should only be used selectively for specific indications. Careful surgical and anesthetic management with good monitoring can be used in many patients instead of the balloon.
Marxism, science, materialism: Toward a deeper appreciation of the 1908–1909 philosophical debate in Russian social democracy

L'A. etudie le conflit opposant Lenine et Mach en 1908-1909 sur la question du materialisme dans les sciences, contre l'empiriocriticisme prone par Mach. L'A. tente de donner objectivement les arguments de chacun, et de rendre intelligibles les remous provoques dans le monde culturel russe de l'epoque
THE CULTIVATION OF TRICHOMONAS OF THE HUMAN MOUTH (TETRATRICHOMONAS HOMINIS).

Trichomonades from the mouth were studied by Steinberg who proposed to group them into three distinct types; namely, Trichomonas elongata, Trichomonas caudata , and Trichomonas flagellata . Doflein (3) regards them as probably identical with Trichomonas hominis . Opinions differ as to whether or not Trichomonas vaginalis Donne and Trichomonas hominis Grassi are the same species. Lynch, for instance, believes that they are the same species, while von Prowazek (4), Bensen (5), and others (6, 7) insist that they are different types. Bensen's view seems to be well supported by the difference alleged to be found between the mode of encystment in the two trichomonades, were it not for the fact that our knowledge about the so called cyst of trichomonades is still obscure. According to Alexeieff (8) many of the so called cysts were evidently blastomyces contained in the cell body of the trichomonas. An autogamy alleged to take place in cysts as described by Bohne and von Prowazek (9) has not been confirmed by Dobell (10). And Wenyon (11) contends that it has never been found possible to produce any development of these cysts outside the body on the warm stage as can be done with the cysts of Entamœba coli . Therefore, it is still premature to take the process of encystment into consideration as far as the classification of trichomonas is concerned. On the other hand, Rodenwaldt (12) seems to think that there are many species of trichomonas in the human intestines, and Wenyon has described a new trichomonas from the human intestines ( Macrostoma mesnili Wenyon). Further cultural studies in the morphology and biology of these organisms must be carried out in order to solve these problems. In the light of modern investigations there are five subgenera to be included under the genus Trichomonas Donne. They are as follows: (1) Protrichomonas Alexeieff, with three anterior flagella, without an undulating membrane. (2) Trichomastix Biitschli) with three anterior flagella and a trailing flagellum ( Schleppgeissel ) without an undulating membrane. (3) Trichomonas Donne, with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. (4) Macrostoma Alexeieff, Amend, Wenyon (11), with three anterior flagella and an undulating membrane wedged in a deep groove (peristome). (5) Tetratrichomonas Parisi (13), with four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. As far as our culture trichomonas from the human mouth is concerned, it has been shown that it is not strictly a trichomonas and that it should be classed under the subgenus Tetratrichomonas .
Reductive alkylation of proteins using iridium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation.

An efficient transition metal catalyzed procedure for the reductive alkylation of proteins has been developed. Imines formed from the condensation of aldehydes (1 mM) with lysine residues and the N-terminus can be reduced efficiently by a [Cp*Ir(4,4‘-dimethoxy-2,2‘-bipyridine)(H2O)]SO4 catalyst in the presence of formate ions. The reaction proceeds readily at pH 7.4 in aqueous phosphate buffer at temperatures ranging from 22 to 37 °C, and reaches high levels of conversion for a number of aromatic aldehydes. UV experiments have confirmed that the catalyst does not bind to protein substrates. The utility of the reaction has been demonstrated through an efficient two-step procedure for the attachment of unfunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) to protein targets.
Generating Dynamic Capabilities through a Humanistic Work Ideology The Case of a Certified-Nurse Midwife Practice in a Professional Bureaucracy

Strategic management research overlooks dynamic capabilities generated from the “humanistic side” of organizational life, such as relationships, compassion, virtuous actions, and honorable behavior. However, exploring these dynamic capabilities can provide the field of strategic management with a different viewpoint of how organizations create value through human processes. To examine this issue, the article presents results from a case study of a nurse-midwife practice within a large research hospital. The study explores how the humanistic work ideology of the nurse-midwife practice creates dynamic capabilities. Through theoretical analysis of the case study data, the authors develop a framework to explain the humanistic work ideology of the midwives and its linkages to human resource management and patient service capabilities. Last, the authors conclude with a discussion proposing that institutional pressures legitimize the humanistic work ideology of the midwifery practice.
Differential perfusion: a new technique for isolated brain cooling during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Abstract Background . The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of differential perfusion of the aortic arch and descending aorta during cardiopulmonary bypass using a cannula designed for aortic segmentation. Methods . Pigs weighing 57 kg (n = 8), underwent cardiopulmonary bypass using the dual lumen aortic cannula. An inflatable balloon separated proximal (aortic arch) and distal (descending aorta) ports. During differential perfusion, the aorta was segmented and the arch and descending aorta perfused differentially using parallel heat exchangers. Ability to independently control brain and body temperature, cardiopulmonary bypass flow rate and mean arterial blood pressure was determined. Results . During differential perfusion cerebral hypothermia (27°C) with systemic normothermia (38°C) was established in 23 minutes. Independent control of arch and descending aortic flow and mean arterial blood pressure was possible. Analysis of internal jugular venous O 2 saturation data indicated an increase in the ratio of cerebral O 2 supply to demand during differential perfusion. Conclusions . A cannulation system segmenting the aorta allows independent control of cerebral and systemic perfusion. This device could provide significant cerebral protection while maintaining the advantages of warm systemic cardiopulmonary bypass temperatures.
Epsin deficiency impairs endocytosis by stalling the actin-dependent invagination of endocytic clathrin-coated pits

Epsin is an evolutionarily conserved endocytic clathrin adaptor whose most critical function(s) in clathrin coat dynamics remain(s) elusive. To elucidate such function(s), we generated embryonic fibroblasts from conditional epsin triple KO mice. Triple KO cells displayed a dramatic cell division defect. Additionally, a robust impairment in clathrin-mediated endocytosis was observed, with an accumulation of early and U-shaped pits. This defect correlated with a perturbation of the coupling between the clathrin coat and the actin cytoskeleton, which we confirmed in a cell-free assay of endocytosis. Our results indicate that a key evolutionary conserved function of epsin, in addition to other roles that include, as we show here, a low affinity interaction with SNAREs, is to help generate the force that leads to invagination and then fission of clathrin-coated pits.
Role of extensional tectonics in exhumation of eclogites and blueschists in an oblique subduction setting: Northeastern Venezuela

Eclogites and blueschists in northeastern Venezuela belong to a mid- to Late Cretaceous subduction complex-fore-arc terrane related to right-oblique subduction of the Proto-Caribbean plate beneath the Farallon plate along the Leeward Antilles volcanic island arc. These rocks were metamorphosed at high pressures and subsequently underwent retrogradation at decreasing pressures but at constant or slightly increasing temperatures. They underwent five phases of deformation: three synmetamorphic and two postmetamorphic. The major principal extensions (X axes) of each of the three synmetamorphic deformations are subparallel to the volcanic arc. The extension parallel to the arc and the associated exhumation and uplift of the subduction complex-fore-arc terrane may have resulted primarily from an increase of the arc-parallel displacement rate of this terrane caused by an increase of obliquity of plate convergence.
A Novel Methodology for Functional Test Data Compression

This paper presents a novel approach for compressing functional test data in Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). A practical technique is presented for 2 Dimensional (2D) reordering of test data in which additionally to test vector reordering, column reordering is also applied. An ATE based approach to extract the original test vectors from the 2D ordered data is presented. The advantage of the approach is substantiated using the figure of merit of entropy for the 2D ordered test data of ISCAS benchmark circuits.
Occlusive vasculitis in a patient with concomitant West Nile virus infection.

Abstract Purpose To describe a patient with occlusive, retinal vasculitis and concomitant, confirmed, acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Design Observational case report. Methods Main outcome measures included comprehensive ophthalmic examination with fluorescein angiography, color photography, and serologic testing for WNV and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus including plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT). Results A 46-year-old woman developed a sudden decrease in vision in her left eye 2 weeks after confirmed WNV infection and demonstrated multiple, small, patchy areas of retinal edema with scattered microaneurysms. Fluorescein angiography showed multiple branch artery occlusions with extensive nonperfusion. Serologic titers for WNV were positive for acute infection. Plaque reduction neutralization testing confirmed WNV infection and excluded St. Louis encephalitis virus infection. Other etiologies of occlusive vasculitis were not present. Conclusion Occlusive, retinal vasculitis may occur in the setting of acute WNV infection.
Dynamic Linear Solver Selection for Transient Simulations Using Multi-label Classifiers

Abstract Many transient simulations spend a significant portion of the overall runtime solving a linear system. A wide variety of preconditioned linear solvers have been developed to quickly and accurately solve different types of linear systems, each having options to customize the preconditioned solver for a given linear system. Transient simulations may produce significantly different linear systems as the simulation progresses due to special events occurring that make the linear systems more difficult to solve or move the model closer to a state of equilibrium with easier to solve linear systems. Machine learning algorithms provide the ability to dynamically select the preconditioned linear solver for each linear system produced by a simulation. We test both single-label and multi-label classifiers, demonstrating that multi-label classifiers achieve the best performance due to associating multiplefast linear solvers with each tested linear system. For more difficult simulations, these classifiers produce significant speedups, while for less diffcult simulations these classifiers achieve performance similar to thefastest single preconditioned linear solvers. We test classifiers generated using limited attribute sets, demonstrating that we can minimize overhead while still obtaining fast, accurate simulations.
An analysis of some time-sharing techniques

The effectiveness of certain time-sharing techniques such as program relocation, disk rotational delay minimization, and swap volume minimization is investigated. Summary data is presented, and the findings are discussed. The vehicle for this investigation was a SIMULA based simulation model reflecting an early framework for a planned Burroughs B6500 time-sharing system. Inasmuch as the B6500 system is based upon the use of variable sized segments and a dynamic overlay procedure, data is also presented which provides some indication of the effectiveness of this type of organization in a time-sharing environment. The design characteristics and operational capabilities of the simulation model are also described.
Effect of Elastic Collisions on Energy Deposition by Electrons in Water

Monte Carlo simulation methods have been used to evaluate the effects of elastic collisions on the transport of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 keV energy electrons in water. The simulations show that transport-related phenomena in the direction axial (parallel) to the initial direction of travel are more dependent on elastic processes than those in the radial (perpendicular) direction. A decrease in the total elastic cross section to 10% of its gas phase value increases the mean axial penetration depths and the maximum of the axial energy deposition gradients by as much as a factor of 2. The most pronounced effects are observed for electrons of 100 eV energy where even the mean radial penetrations are doubled. Except for these low energies, the mean radial penetrations and the radial energy deposition gradients are relatively unaffected by elastic processes, implying that these parameters are mainly determined by inelastic collisions.
“There’s a drumbeat in Africa”: Embodying imaginary geographies of transnational whiteness in contemporary South Africa

Abstract Emerging out of a study conducted in Durban of white, English-speaking South Africans (WESSAs) who had previously lived in the UK and elsewhere, this article argues that, because of South Africa’s past and current liminal position within a global meta-geography of whiteness, “imaginative geographies” are centrally important to the construction of transnational WESSA identities. This article uses an expanded concept of imaginative geographies that encompasses not only discursive modes of representation but also the direct, embodied experiences of differential spaces on the part of transmigrants, as informants emphasised their understandings of the spaces in which white bodies were in and out of place. The most frequently deployed imaginative geographies were meta-geographies of “first world” and “third world,” whilst South Africa was discussed as an African space of emotion, authenticity, and freedom and the UK a drab space of conformity, indignity, and discomfort. The data demonstrates that, for WESSA transnationals, South Africa and the UK emerge as geographies in relation to each other. Additionally, I argue that these unstable imaginative geographies offer potential routes to progressive means by which WESSAs can occupy the space of a democratic South Africa.
Absolute desorption rate measurements for H2 chemisorbed on nickel

Abstract The change in the resistance of thin Ni films produced by the adsorption of H2 was utilized to measure directly the isothermal adsorption-desorption kinetics for H2 chemisorbed on Ni. The data is interpreted as showing that desorption from the chemisorbed state to the gas phase is bottlenecked by a precursor state of adsorbed molecular hydrogen. The absolute desorption rate for the precursor state has been measured over the temperature range 300–500°K.
Nutritional Considerations in Heart Failure

There are a number of factors related to heart failure pathophysiology and treatment that influence nutrient requirements for patients. These include catabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, diuretic use, and presence of comorbidities. On the other hand, there is evidence that specific nutrients can alter heart failure pathophysiology. This article reviews the current evidence for nutritional recommendations regarding sodium and fluid restriction, macro- and micronutrient intake, and dietary changes required by the presence of common comorbidities.
Dynamic phases and the peak effect in dirty type II superconductors

We study numerically and experimentally the dynamics of driven vortex matter. Our London-Langevin simulations find that the critical current exhibits a peak both across the Bragg glass to vortex glass transition and across the melting line. The peak is accompanied by a clear crossing of the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ curves. We report transport measurements on untwinned YBCO crystals, in complete accordance with these findings. At higher drives disorder is averaged to reduced values, and in three dimensions the vortices reorder into a ``moving solid.'' The effect of the disorder can be well represented with a ``shaking temperature'' which is inversely proportional to the velocity.
HEMOCONCENTRATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER MORTALITY POST HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE

A majority of patients admitted for heart failure (HF) have volume overload. Incomplete relief of congestion during ADHF may contribute to HF disease progression and worse survival. Data suggest that subjects with hemoconcentration had substantially improved survival despite a higher incidence of
Accepting and exempting the unexpected: 30-month-olds' generalization of event knowledge ☆

Abstract In 2 experiments, we used elicited imitation to test the effects of the amount and type of change to a previously experienced event on 2.5-year-olds' generalization of event knowledge. In Experiment 1, children were shown and then enacted event sequences. At two subsequent visits the props used to enact some of the sequences were completely or partially replaced by functionally equivalent props. Children used the new props to enact the events, thereby demonstrating spontaneous generalization. Nevertheless, as in previous research (Bauer & Fivush, 1992), there were decrements in performance associated with the prop-change manipulation. In Experiment 2, we examined in more detail the determinants of disruption to generalization. Results indicated that an interaction of the location and amount of change within pairs of actions joined by enabling relations (i.e., change to both members of a pair of actions occurring early in the event sequence) negatively affected generalization. Across locations, there was a greater negative effect on generalization when change was made to an antecedent rather than a consequent member of an enabling pair. We suggest that influences on the accommodation of change within events can be understood by considering the organizational role played by the elements subject to change.