cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using SoTL as a Lens to Reflect and Explore for Innovation in Education and Librarianship

Across education and librarianship disciplines, ongoing professional education is a key activity that is imperative in helping professionals develop or continue their proficiency in a field. This article explores the relationship between professional development and teaching-based or teaching-focused scholarship, commonly referred to as the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). In doing so, this article asks the broad question, “How can professionals leverage educational opportunities to ask questions about technologies, their organizations, their communities, or their practice?” This article includes two brief case studies that draw on the SoTL method and reflect on enabling factors that help educators and librarians leverage practice-based research techniques. The article concludes with a consideration of issues and enabling factors around practice-based research, particularly in context of professional education settings.
The Effects of Nonverbal Mirroring on Perceived Persuasiveness, Agreement with an Imitator, and Reciprocity in a Group Discussion

Two experiments focused on nonverbal mirroring in a group discussion. In Experiment 1, each participant interacted with two confederates. Confederates disagreed with each other and with the participant during discussion. One confederate mirrored the nonverbal behavior of the participant; the other did not. Participants rated the imitating confederate as more confident and persuasive. However, they were not more likely to change their viewpoint to match that of this confederate. Independent coders, unaware of the hypotheses, did not rate the two confederates as significantly different. In Experiment 2, each participant again interacted with two confederates. One confederate agreed with the participant during the discussion, and the other disagreed. One confederate rubbed his or her face during the discussion. The other shook his or her foot. The hypothesis that participants would be more likely to mirror the nonverbal behavior of the confederate who agreed with them during discussion received no support.
ATTACHMENT AND SEPARATION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

Attachment theory is criticized for being based on momentary stressful situations, for being limited to behaviors and occur with the primary attachment figure, for including only overt behaviors in its paradigm, and for failing to consider multiple attachments at different stages of life. A model of psychological attonement is then presented and supported by several studies documenting behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses to separations from parents and peers.
Thermal inactivation of human norovirus surrogates in spinach and measurement of its uncertainty.

Leafy greens, including spinach, have potential for human norovirus transmission through improper handling and/or contact with contaminated water. Inactivation of norovirus prior to consumption is essential to protect public health. Because of the inability to propagate human noroviruses in vitro, murine norovirus (MNV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV-F9) have been used as surrogates to model human norovirus behavior under laboratory conditions. The objectives of this study were to determine thermal inactivation kinetics of MNV-1 and FCV-F9 in spinach, compare first-order and Weibull models, and measure the uncertainty associated with the process. D-values were determined for viruses at 50, 56, 60, 65, and 72°C in 2-ml vials. The D-values calculated from the first-order model (50 to 72°C) ranged from 0.16 to 14.57 min for MNV-1 and 0.15 to 17.39 min for FCV-9. Using the Weibull model, the tD for MNV-1 and FCV-F9 to destroy 1 log (D = 1) at the same temperatures ranged from 0.22 to 15.26 and 0.27 to 20.71 mi...
Self-organization, scaling, and parallelism

The problem of learning in the absence of external intelligence is discussed in the context of a simple model. The model departs from the traditional gradient-descent based approaches to learning by operating at a highly susceptible "critical" state, with low activity and sparse connections between firing neurons. Quantitative studies in the context of two simple association tasks demonstrate that the elements of the model that are essential for self-organized learning are also essential for its scaling performance and parallelism.
Characteristics of temporal patterns of cortisol and luteinizing hormone in primiparous, postpartum, anovular, suckled, beef cows exposed acutely to bulls

Background The physiological mechanism by which bulls stimulate resumption of ovarian cycling activity in postpartum, anovular, suckled cows after calving may involve the concurrent activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian (HPO) axis and hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis. Thus, the objectives of this experiment were to determine if characteristics of temporal patterns of cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) in postpartum, anovular, beef cows are influenced by acute exposure to bulls. The null hypotheses were that daily, temporal characteristics of cortisol and LH concentration patterns do not differ between cows exposed acutely to bulls or steers.
Ghrelin-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide.

Orexin-A is a peptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area, which stimulates feeding. The production of orexin-A is determined by the metabolic state of the animal. We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role as a mediator of feeding induced by a variety of neuropeptides. This raises the question of whether orexin-A's effects are NO dependent. Here, we first determined that intracerebroventricular administration of 25 ng of orexin-A significantly increased food intake in satiated mice. We next examined the effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on orexin-A-induced increase in food intake. L-NAME (50 mg/kg; SC) significantly blocked the orexin-A-induced increase in food intake. Orexin-A administration increased the levels of nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamus. To further verify the importance of NO in the orexin-A-induced increase in food intake, we compared the ability of orexin-A to increase food intake in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout (NOS-KO) mice and their wild-type controls. Orexin-A failed to increase food intake in the NOS-KO mice, whereas it did increase food intake in the wild-type controls. This supports the hypothesis that nitric oxide is a central regulator of food consumption.
Balancing behavioral privacy and information utility in pervasive sensing

Sensors of diverse capabilities and modalities, carried by us or deeply embedded in the physical world, have invaded our personal, social, work, and urban spaces. A big enabler have been mobile phones that we always carry and which have diverse sensors embedded in them or wirelessly connected to them. Our relationship with these sensors is a complicated one. On the one hand, these sensors collect rich data that are shared and disseminated, often initiated by us, with a broad array of service providers, interest groups, friends, and family. Embedded in this data is information that can be used to algorithmically construct a virtual biography of our activities, revealing intimate behaviors and lifestyle patterns. On the other hand, we increasingly depend directly and indirectly on information originating from these sensors for making a variety of decisions, both routine and critical, in our lives. The quality of these decisions and our confidence in them depend directly on the quality of the sensory information and our trust in the sources. Drawing upon examples of this two-faceted relationship with sensors from our work in applications such as mobile health and sustainable buildings, this talk will discuss the challenges inherent in designing a sensor information flow and processing architecture that is sensitive to the concerns of both producers and consumers. For the pervasive sensing infrastructure to be trusted by both, it must support a privacy-utility trade-off that balances the tension between risk of information sharing to the producer and the value of information sharing to the consumer. The talk will describe an approach to enabling this tradeoff based on interpreting privacy and utility in terms of inferences that are allowed or prohibited, and supported by mechanisms for controlled transformation of the quality of information via selective obfuscation driven by statistical models of individual behaviors, and robust fusion of information of uncertain quality and obfuscation from sensors of varied trustworthiness. The design of a contextaware privacy-preserving sensing stack for Android-based mobile phones will also be presented.
Self-Regulation and Its Relations to Adaptive Functioning in Low Income Youths

Most studies of self-regulation involving children have linked it to specific outcomes within a single domain of adaptive functioning. The authors examined the association of self-regulation with a range of indices of adaptive functioning among 155 youth ages 8–18 years from families with very low income. Controlling for other explanatory variables, self-regulation was strongly associated with various outcome measures in the areas of mental health, behavior, academic achievement, and social competence. The authors also contrasted youths relatively high and low in self-regulation (the top and bottom quartiles). Youths with good self-regulation had much better indices of adaptive functioning across measures of social competence, academic achievement, grades, problem behaviors, and depression and anxiety than their counterparts with more diminished self-regulatory capacities. In addition, youths with better self-regulation skills stated more adaptive responses both in terms of how they coped with past stressful live events and how they would deal with hypothetical stressors. This study indicates that self-regulation is robustly associated with a range of important indices of adaptive functioning across many domains. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for theory and intervention for children of diverse economic backgrounds.
Outcomes for supra-aortic branch vessel stenting in the treatment of thoracic aortic disease.

Objective Endovascular options for the treatment of proximal thoracic and arch disease have evolved over the years. In this manuscript, we review the midterm results of fenestrated compared with chimney configurations for proximal aortic aneurysm disease. Methods We performed an analysis of all patients with chimney grafts or custom fenestrated endografts used for treatment of proximal thoracic aneurysm disease (involving the supra-aortic trunk vessels) presenting to our institution between 2004 and 2013. Patients were identified by retrospective chart review and through the prospective database (National Institutes of Health study number NCT00583050). Details of devices placed, intraoperative details, and measurements from postoperative imaging were included in the analysis. The primary outcomes of interest were long-term freedom from branch stent complications and freedom from proximal endoleak, but we also included perioperative events, in-hospital mortality, and requirement for secondary interventions in our review. The log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) was used to compare survival data. Student t -test (two tailed) and Fisher exact test (two tailed) were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively. Results Of 767 patients who underwent thoracic endovascular repair from January 2004 to February 2013, 33 satisfied the inclusion criteria (4%): 18 of 33 noncustom and 15 of 33 custom graft designs. Overall, the rate of technical success was 97%. There were four branch stent-related problems in the follow-up period, one of 15 (7%) in the custom group and three of 18 (17%) in the noncustom group. There were three proximal sealing failures in the immediate postoperative and follow-up period, one of 15 (7%) in the custom group and two of 18 (11%) in the noncustom group. Overall, 10 patients underwent secondary procedures, four of 15 (27%) in the custom group and six of 18 (33%) in the noncustom group. Conclusions Although they are technically feasible, both custom fenestrated endografts and chimney repairs for proximal thoracic disease involving the supra-aortic trunk vessels suffer from failures in intermediate follow-up, with a trend toward better long-term outcomes for custom devices. More work is needed to develop durable devices for this anatomic territory in the future.
Coupling into slow-light in photonic-crystal waveguides

Coupling into the slow-light regime of photonic crystal waveguides is investigated for various taper lengths and terminations by utilizing an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Experimental results for coupling efficiency as a function of group-index are presented.
Linear Accuracy of Cone Beam CT Derived 3D Images

Abstract Objective: To compare the in vitro reliability and accuracy of linear measurements between cephalometric landmarks on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 3D volumetric images with varying basis projection images to direct measurements on human skulls. Materials and Methods: Sixteen linear dimensions between 24 anatomic sites marked on 19 human skulls were directly measured. The skulls were imaged with CBCT (i-CAT, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa) at three settings: (a) 153 projections, (b) 306 projections, and (c) 612 projections. The mean absolute error and modality mean (± SD) of linear measurements between landmarks on volumetric renderings were compared to the anatomic truth using repeated measures general linear model (P ≤ .05). Results: No difference in mean absolute error between the scan settings was found for almost all measurements. The average skull absolute error between marked reference points was less than the distances between unmarked reference sites. CBCT resulted i...
An electrooptic intensity modulator with improved linearity

A highly linear electrooptic modulator has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The design of this modulator consists of only a simple modification to the directional coupler. Two-tone testing has demonstrated that, for an optical modulation depth of 30% per channel, the third-order intermodulation distortion is more than 30 dB lower than that of the conventional directional coupler or Mach-Zehnder modulators. This improvement was not observed to be accompanied by any increase in second harmonic distortion. Also included are results of two-tone computer simulations which predict the improvement in linearity of this device for a range of modulation depths. >
Effects of orographic precipitation variations on the concavity of steady-state river profiles

The concavity, or curvature, of river profiles has long been taken to be a fundamental indicator of the underlying processes governing fluvial erosion, and thereby of landscape evolution. However, erosion laws have generally been derived without accounting for the strong orographically driven gradients in precipitation typically found in mountainous regions. In addition, field measurements have found discrepancies between the form of measured stream profiles and theoretically derived values. Introducing a simple physically based feedback, we find that orographically induced variations in precipitation strongly affect the curvature of steady-state river profiles. This feedback complicates efforts to infer the form of erosion laws from observed profile concavities, but could help explain discrepancies between observations and theory. Our results demonstrate a strong feedback through which climate influences the form of river profiles and show how such climatic effects act to limit the relief of unglaciated mountain ranges.
Evaluation of Geometric Performance of Global Positioning System

The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite-based radio navigation system to provide extremely accurate three-dimensional position fixes and system time to users anywhere on the Earth at any time regardless of weather conditions. The most significant performance parameter of the GPS is the degree of navigation accuracy which is strongly coupled to the choice of orbit configuration. The 3 X 8 orbit configuration has been considered as an operational GPS which consists of 24 satellites deployed in circular 63° inclined, subsynchronous 12-h orbits. In this paper, the geometric performance of several orbit configuration, including a 3 X 8 orbit configuration, is analyzed numerically by altering orbit period and elevation mask, respectively. It will be shown that 1) there are a few orbit configurations which are comparable to or better than the baseline 3 X 8 orbit configuration, and 2) for higher elevation mask, the geometric performance can be improved effectively by increasing orbit period to some extent.
Toward prediction of physiological state signals in sleep apnea

A recurrent connectionist model is described to predict dynamic respiratory state in the apneic sleeping patient. The time-domain model of nonlinear time-lagged interactions between heart rate, respiration, and oxygen saturation was developed to implicitly embed the dynamics of the respiration and cardiovascular control systems. Multiple future time scales were enforced on the network during training to explore the limits of the prediction horizon and produce a global representation of dynamic state trajectory. Predicted apneic respiration state results are presented in terms of invariant geometric statistics (largest Lyapunov exponent /spl lambda//sub L/ and correlation dimension D/sub c/). The /spl lambda//sub L/ prediction error was 13%, while D/sub c/ error was within 9% of the true time series value. The magnitude of these errors may fall within experimental noise levels. This methodology may eventually be useful in dynamic control of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy devices, and may lead to increased patient compliance with this therapy.
Screening for Anemia in Children: AAP Recommendations—A Critique

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends screening for anemia between the ages of 9 to 12 months with additional screening between the ages of 1 and 5 years for patients at risk. The screening may be universal or selective depending on the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the population. Improved infant rearing practices-including wider availability, acceptance, and use of iron-fortified formulas; iron fortification of foods; and increased awareness of the importance of dietary iron supplementation especially early in life-have lead to significant decline in the incidence of anemia in the first year of life. However, incidence of iron deficiency and ensuing anemia in children between 1 and 2 years continues to be significant and an important issue. Although iron deficiency may develop soon after cessation of or inadequate iron intake, anemia secondary to iron deficiency develops gradually over a period of several weeks to months. For children who have received/are receiving iron-fortified infant formulas and foods, hemoglobin screening at 9 to 12 months of age is inappropriate as there may not have been sufficient time to develop anemia, despite the rapid growth rate at this age. Widespread implementation of hemoglobin electrophoresis included in the neonatal metabolic screening programs in many states in the United States now has resulted in earlier diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Screening children at 9 to 12 months of age for hemoglobinopathies is somewhat redundant now. Screening for anemia before or around 1 year of age should continue to be important for communities and children at risk. Universal screening of toddlers at a later time allows sufficient time for nutritional anemia to become evident after the child has been weaned off iron-fortified formulas, for the influence of toddler dietary fads to manifest, and for evaluation of tolerance of cow's milk protein. This may be addressed via 2 approaches. The first involves postponing the currently recommended screening or an additional screening for anemia between 15 to 18 months of age. Determination of hemoglobin (or hematocrit) is not the optimal way to identify children at risk from effects of iron deficiency as it fails to identify patients who are iron-deficient but are not anemic. Long-term psychomotor, behavioral, and developmental effects secondary to iron deficiency anemia are known but sufficient data are lacking regarding the role of iron deficiency without anemia. Development and evaluation of sensitive, specific, and cost-effective screening tools to identify children at risk for iron deficiency is important. Until such methods are instituted, the AAP should emphasize and recommend universal screening for anemia during the second year of life.
A Test of Objectification Theory with Lesbian Women

This study extends research on objectification theory as it applies to eating disorder symptomatology by examining whether its tenets generalize to women identifying as lesbian. Lesbian women (N = ...
What's in and What's Out: Questions on the Boundaries of the Attitude Construct

While comprehensive in nature, Cohen and Reed's integrative attitude model may benefit from an articulation of the boundaries of the attitude construct. As evidence, the present comment focuses on the extent to which attitudes can or should account for hot affect-based brand relationships and stronger forms of behaviors consumers reveal with their brands. The authors recommend that from the boundary conditions of the attitude construct can be elucidated by differentiating attitudes from a construct termed "emotional attachment". Potential differences between these two constructs are articulated.
Modeling of power electronic loads in AC distribution systems using the generalized State-space averaging method

Most of the loads in ac distribution systems have positive incremental impedance characteristic. However, power electronic loads, when tightly regulated, sink constant power from the system. Therefore, they have negative incremental impedance characteristic. This can cause negative impedance instability. Power electronic loads usually have a controlled or uncontrolled rectifier at the front end. In this paper, these loads are modeled using the generalized state-space averaging method. An assessment of their effects in ac distribution systems is also presented. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed analysis.
‘Could It Just Possibly Be?’: Revel, Riot and Rebellion at Thirty

‘Could it just possibly be?’ Revel, Riot and Rebellion at Thirty Susan D. Amussen Has it been thirty years? I ask this because my relationship to David Underdown’s Revel Riot and Rebellion is more than academic. 1 When I entered graduate school at Brown University in 1976 he was finishing ‘The Chalk and the Cheese’ – so the questions and theories about allegiance and regional cultures that were at the center of the book were always part of my experience of him. 2 As my own work developed, and particularly as I was doing research for my dissertation, we shared ideas and interpretations as we both sought to understand early modern communities. These were rich exchanges, by letter or in person. There were a number of times when we were both working in the old P.R.O. on Chancery Lane, and spent lunches, or teas at the Institute of Historical Research making sense of Star Chamber cases he was reading, or Assize cases I was reading. He noted that conversation in the acknowledgments, as well as in the dedication of the book. What he did not say was that the book and the ideas in it were the intellectual soundtrack of our courtship; it was published soon after we were married. So the book itself played an important role in my life, intellectually and personally. Re-reading the book after thirty years to reflect on its ongoing impact, I am struck by three things. First, it was an idiosyncratic project, going against the tide of then fashionable historiography. Underdown was following his nose, the internal logic of his research and reading. The early 1980s were the heyday of Revisionism, which not only rejected the notion that there were long term causes of the Civil War and Revolution – something Underdown offers as a governing assumption on p. x – but also focused on elite politics, primarily at Court or sometimes in Parliament. When he reviewed the book in the London Review of Books alongside a book by David Starkey, Conrad Russell was plainly bemused that while, ‘If Dr Starkey wishes
Effectiveness of extended aftercare in the treatment of alcoholism.

A 60-day hospitalization program followed by outpatient group therapy produced the same rate of improvement in alcoholics as 90 days of hospitalization without aftercare.
Models for nanoindentation of compliant films on stiff substrates

Nanoindentation is an effective approach for measuring mechanical properties of nanoscale films coated on substrates, yet results obtained through the classic Oliver–Pharr model require additional consideration due to the existence of a “substrate effect” when the film is much more compliant than the substrate. In this study, different models for removing this substrate effect are compared, with focus on the Gao model, the Saha–Nix model, and the Hay model and the use of a direct finite element (FE) approach is discussed. Validity of these models is examined using load–displacement data obtained from simulated indentation of an elastic–plastic film in FEs. It is found that the performance of the analytical models varies significantly with different testing parameters, including ratio between film modulus and substrate modulus (Ef/Es), indenting ratio (hmax/film thickness), and yield strain. Choices of using a nanoindentation model to process experimental data should be made according to estimated indentation depth and modulus difference between film and substrate. An example of applying substrate removal models to experimental data is also shown.
Estimating the state of a geophysical system with sparse observations: time delay methods to achieve accurate initial states for prediction

Abstract. The problem of forecasting the behavior of a complex dynamical system through analysis of observational time-series data becomes difficult when the system expresses chaotic behavior and the measurements are sparse, in both space and/or time. Despite the fact that this situation is quite typical across many fields, including numerical weather prediction, the issue of whether the available observations are "sufficient" for generating successful forecasts is still not well understood. An analysis by Whartenby et al. (2013) found that in the context of the nonlinear shallow water equations on a β plane, standard nudging techniques require observing approximately 70 % of the full set of state variables. Here we examine the same system using a method introduced by Rey et al. (2014a), which generalizes standard nudging methods to utilize time delayed measurements. We show that in certain circumstances, it provides a sizable reduction in the number of observations required to construct accurate estimates and high-quality predictions. In particular, we find that this estimate of 70 % can be reduced to about 33 % using time delays, and even further if Lagrangian drifter locations are also used as measurements.
TARP and the long-term perception of risk

The Capital Purchase Program (CPP) was intended to enhance capital and preserve lending capacity of banks, but the role of this program in affecting the risk of participating banks has been unresolved. We address this issue by investigating the market’s long-term perception of risk for financial institutions participating in the CPP. Leading up to and including the crisis, the systematic and idiosyncratic variances of the stock returns of all financial firms increased; following CPP, the relative idiosyncratic risk of CPP participants remained higher than for those not participating in CPP for four years following CPP.
Recombination and Electronic Transport in Low-Gap a-Si,Ge:H,F Alloys

We have studied the temperature and intensity dependence (130K to 300K) of photo- and dark conductivity in a series of low-gap a-Si,Ge:H,F alloys (Eopt=1.25 to 1.33 eV) prepared under different deposition conditions. Electron time of flight experiments were conducted between 300K and 400K. Results reveal an increase in the slope of the exponential conduction band tail to ∼ 50 meV and a peak in electron trapping states at 0.3 to 0.4 eV below the conduction band edge, leading to a transition from extended to hopping conduction by electrons at slightly below room temperature. The alloys have midgap defect densities in the low 1017 cm−3eV−1 range.
Low Kappa Kraft, Kraft-SAQ, Polysulfide, and Polysulfide-SAQ Pulping and Physical Properties Comparison

With the growing environmental concerns facing the pulp and paper industry, there is a need to lower digester kappa to reduce the amount of organics to the bleach plant. There is also a need to maintain a satisfactory yield. To address these concerns, a pulping study comparing polysulfide and polysulfide-SAQ to kraft and kraft plus SAQ was conducted. A western United States softwood mixture was cooked over the range 15 kappa to 30 kappa. The effect of these additives on pulp yield is that the polysulfide and SAQ produce similar yield increases compared to conventional kraft for the kappa range 20 to 30. At 15 kappa the polysulfide pulping results in a superior yield increase compared to SAQ. The combination of SAQ with polysulfide liquor results in a synergistic effect that increases with kappa for the range studied. The pulping results and physical property comparisons of polysulfide, polysulfide-SAQ, SAQ, and conventional kraft are discussed.
Importance sampling-based post-processing method for global sensitivity analysis

A methodology is presented for the calculation of global sensitivity indices from an existing sample of simulations. A sample weighting scheme similar to kernel regression is proposed for estimating the moments of the conditional distributions in the calculation of the sensitivity indices. The weights are developed based on importance sampling, but with the roles of the target distribution and the sampling distribution reversed. The method is demonstrated with benchmark examples from the sensitivity analysis literature.
Robert Fulton Weir: 1838-1927

He was the son of a prominant pharmacist. His early education was in the public schools, and in 1854 he graduated the youngest in his class from the College of the City of New York, then known as the Free Academy. In 1857 he earned an M.A. degree from the same institution. By clerking for his father and through contact with local physicians, he developed an interest in surgery. In 1859 he received his degree in medicine from the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, and became a pupil and assistant to Gurdon Buck (of Buck's Extension).
Beer Potomania: A Challenging Case of Hyponatremia

Beer potomania is a syndrome of hyponatremia associated with excessive beer drinking. Little or no salt content of beer results in marked reduction in the solute load to the kidney. This leads to impaired water clearance and dilutional hyponatremia. A 66-year-old man with history of alcoholism and alcoholic cardiomyopathy presented to the emergency room with tremors of his upper and lower extremities. He had a significant history of alcohol consumption, usually drinking 4 - 5 cans of beer per night for the past 34 years. In addition, he had consumed a fifth of a vodka bottle the day before presentation. He had a pattern of often skipping meals though was compliant with both his diuretics medications: furosemide 40 mg once daily and spironolactone 25 mg daily. On physical exam, he was euvolemic. Neurological exam revealed resting tremors of both his hands. Labs were remarkable for plasma sodium of 122, brain natriuretic peptide of 474, serum osmolality of 268, urine osmolality of 223, and urine sodium of 20. Patient was assessed to have moderate euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. The combination of euvolemic hyponatremia with history of excessive beer drinking made beer potomania very likely. His urine osmolality and urine sodium, however, were higher than expected in beer potomania. These could be explained by the two diuretics that the patient was taking. Patient was managed with fluid restriction, appropriate nutritional and sodium intake and withholding of his diuretics. Plasma sodium slowly corrected to 130 over the course of 3 days. This case illustrates the condition beer potomania, an infrequent cause of hyponatremia. Findings in hyponatremia do not always point in one direction, especially with the concomitant use of diuretics. Recognition of beer potomania is critical as it is associated with serious neurologic sequelae that should be part of counseling against alcohol abuse. J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;6(4):123-126 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem350e
Research and application of orderly electricity scheme implementation monitoring strategy

The current orderly electricity utilization research mainly concentrated in the order status quo survey and plan. With the increasing of business fine degree, the requirements of the implementation of effective monitoring has become more and more urgent. In this background, combined with orderly electricity experi-ence in Shandong province electric power company, it proposed targeted orderly electricity monitoring closedloop management strategy execution. First the classified monitoring index system is con-structed based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Combined with the Delphi method the index weight is determined; Then on this basis, selection of monitoring strategy and visual display is done; Finally the method is verified by examples. The method is scientific and feasible used to implement hierarchical monitoring,closed loop management, achieves the result of combination of monitoring the effectiveness and economy.
The Decision Process: Standing Surgery versus General Anesthesia and Recumbency

The decision to perform a procedure in the standing patient rather than in a completely anesthetized patient depends on many factors, such as patient health, cost, time, facilities, and anesthetic expertise. Although the procedure often is technically easier to perform if the patient is anesthetized, cost and patient risk considerations may result in a decision to do the surgery standing. Surgical experience in performing procedures standing is important for a successful outcome.
QSAR Model of Unbound Brain-to-Plasma Partition Coefficient, Kp,uu,brain: Incorporating P-glycoprotein Efflux as a Variable

We report development and prospective validation of a QSAR model of the unbound brain-to-plasma partition coefficient, Kp,uu,brain, based on the in-house data set of ∼1000 compounds. We discuss effects of experimental variability, explore the applicability of both regression and classification approaches, and evaluate a novel, model-within-a-model approach of including P-glycoprotein efflux prediction as an additional variable. When tested on an independent test set of 91 internal compounds, incorporation of P-glycoprotein efflux information significantly improves the model performance resulting in an R2 of 0.53, RMSE of 0.57, Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient of 0.73, and qualitative prediction accuracy of 0.8 (kappa = 0.6). In addition to improving the performance, one of the key advantages of this approach is the larger chemical space coverage provided indirectly through incorporation of the in vitro, higher throughput data set that is 4 times larger than the in vivo data set.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTION IN RATS IV. IMMUNOLOGIC POTENTIALITY OF THE RESPONDING CELLS

Studies were designed to provide some explanation for the unexpectedly large proportion (2%) of parental rat strain peripheral blood lymphocytes that are reactive in the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI) to a strong homologous transplantation isoantigen(s) present on cells from an F(1) donor. The possibilities considered involve nonspecific activation and multispecific reactivity on the part of the responding cells. The essential findings of this study were: (a) In 3-way mixed cultures, lymphocytes obtained from tolerant animals were not "recruited" to proliferate in the presence of cells from normal, isologous donors which were in the process of responding to F(1) cells bearing the tolerance-inducing antigens. With the use of chromosome markers and normal and tolerant parental strain donors of different sexes, the responsive cells were identified and proved to be derived from the normal and not the tolerant donor. (b) The magnitude of the proliferative response is increased additively when potentially reactive cells are exposed to two antigen systems simultaneously. On the other hand, doubling the "gene-dosage" of the genetic determinants of the H isoantigens employed had no effect on the responding cells. (c) A state of induced immunologic tolerance to one H isoantigen system did not alter the response capacity of cells from such a donor to an alternative antigen system. (d) Mixed cultures of heterologous cells from human and rat donors displayed a proliferative response which was less than that of homologous mixed cultures from human or rat donors. Prior sensitization of rat donors with human cells, however, greatly increased the mitotic activity of rat lymphocytes stimulated with human cells. These results suggest that the large number of responsive cells in the MLI do not include a significant number recruited or activated in some nonspecific manner. Rather, they appear to be fully specific in their response capacities so that a given lymphocyte does not react to a multiplicity of different antigens. The degree of proliferation depends on the number of different antigen systems presented to the responding population and not on the number of genetic determinants or "gene dosage" of a given isoantigen system. Finally, on a cell-for-cell basis, the peripheral blood lymphocyte population contains more cells reactive to histocompatibility isoantigens within the species than to heterologous antigens of a different species.
Women’s Health Series Major Depression in Women: A Review of the Literature

Objective: To promote pharmacists' understanding and recognition of major depression in women and to review gender/sex-specific differences in its prevalence, etiology, risk factors, clinical features, course, and management. Data Sources: Clinical literature on this topic in the English language since 1990, searched through MEDLINE. Study Selection: Selected review articles and clinical trials from peer-reviewed journals. Data Synthesis: Epidemiologic data from diverse cultures indicate that the lifetime prevalence of major depression is twice as high in women as in men. The artifact, biological, and psychosocial hypotheses have each been proposed to explain the predominance of lifetime depression in women. Major depression is a multifactorial disorder and is influenced by numerous risk factors, including age, socioeconomic status, childhood history of sexual abuse, and recent I stressful life events. Clinical course and presentation tend to differ between women and men. Women may experience different types of depression during various reproductive or life stages, including premenses, pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. Treatment for major depression includes psychosocial therapy, pharmacotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. The literature indicates that major depression is often underrecognized and undertreated. Conclusion: Biological and psychosocial factors contribute to the higher vulnerability of women to major depression. The biological-psychosocial origins of depression in women may require a multidimensional approach to treatment. By providing education about this disease, referring individuals with signs and symptoms of depression for evaluation, and encouraging appropriate use of antidepressants, pharmacists can improve the detection and treatment of major depression.
Task Decomposition of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Objective Evaluation of Laparoscopic Surgical Skills Using Hidden Markov Models

Laparoscopic skill evaluation of surgical residents is usually a subjective process, carried out by senior surgeons using fuzzy criteria. The aim of this study was to develop and assess an objective laparoscopic surgical skill scale using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) based on haptic information, tool/tissue interactions and visual task decomposition. Eight subjects (six residents: R1, R3, R5 at different training levels, and two experts ES)performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy on pigs using an instrumented grasper equipped with force-torque (F/T) sensors at the hand/tool inferace and synchronized video of the operative maneuvers. Fourteen types of tool/tissue interactions, each associated with unique F/T signatures, were defined from frame-by-frame video analysis. The statistical distances between HMMs representing expert surgeons and residents were significantly different. Major differences were: (i) F/T magnitudes, (ii) tool/tissue interactions used and transitions between them, (iii) time intervals in each tool/tissue interaction and overall completion time. The greatest difference in performance was between R1 (junior trainee) and R3 (mid-level trainee). Smaller changes were seen as expertise increased beyond the R3 level. This objective learning curvey suggests that the laparoscopic surgical residents acquire a major portion of their skill between the first and the third eyars of their 5 years of training. (formerly M143)
Representational Models from the Learners' Perspective.

Take formal learning of subtraction of whole numbers, for example. Children come to this situation in kindergarten or first grade with a rich repertoire of personal experiences; however, they have not had to consider subtraction with numerals on a chalkboard or forms on a felt board or with a worksheet before. Moreover, they have not been expected to use or understand the term subtraction be-
Nerve transection repair using laser-activated chitosan in a rat model.

Objectives/Hypothesis Cranial nerve transection during head and neck surgery is conventionally repaired with microsuture. Previous studies have demonstrated recovery with laser nerve welding (LNW), a novel alternative to microsuture. LNW has been reported to have poorer tensile strength, however. Laser-activated chitosan, an adhesive biopolymer, may promote nerve recovery while enhancing the tensile strength of the repair. Using a rat posterior tibial nerve injury model, we compared four different methods of nerve repair in this pilot study. Study Design Animal study. Design Animals underwent unilateral posterior tibial nerve transection. The injury was repaired by potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser alone (n = 20), KTP + chitosan (n = 12), microsuture + chitosan (n = 12), and chitosan alone (n = 14). Weekly walking tracks were conducted to measure functional recovery (FR). Tensile strength (TS) was measured at 6 weeks. Results At 6 weeks, KTP laser alone had the best recovery (FR = 93.4% ± 8.3%). Microsuture + chitosan, KTP + chitosan, and chitosan alone all showed good FR (87.4% ± 13.5%, 84.6% ± 13.0%, and 84.1% ± 10.0%, respectively). One-way analysis of variance was performed (F(3,56) = 2.6, P = .061). A TS threshold of 3.8 N was selected as a control mean recovery. Three groups—KTP alone, KTP + chitosan, and microsuture + chitosan—were found to meet threshold 60% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.1%-88.3%), 75% (95% CI: 46.8%-91.1%), and 100% (95% CI: 75.8%-100.0%), respectively. Conclusions In the posterior tibial nerve model, all repair methods promoted nerve recovery. Laser-activated chitosan as a biopolymer anchor provided good TS and appears to be a novel alternative to microsuture. This repair method may have surgical utility following cranial nerve injury during head and neck surgery. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 127:E253–E257, 2017
Response Inhibition Deficits and Altered Motor Network Connectivity in the Chronic Phase of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Poor response inhibition is a hallmark of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). We assessed motor response inhibition by measuring commission error rates on Simple (minimized cognitive demands) and Motivation (monetary reward) Go/No-Go tasks, comparing 17 children with chronic TBI (>1 year post-injury) and 14 matched, uninjured peers. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined between-group differences in whole-brain intrinsic connectivity of the motor network as derived from the averaged time course of bilateral primary motor cortex seeds, to identify regions of interest (ROIs) for brain-behavior correlations. Independent sample t tests compared Go/No-Go performance and connectivity at the ROI level. Pearson correlations examined relationships between intrinsic connectivity at the ROI level and Go/No-Go performance. Adolescents with TBI showed poorer performance on Simple and Motivation Go/No-Go tasks compared with controls. In whole-brain contrasts, adolescents with TBI showed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the motor network and voxels within the left caudate. Furthermore, in ROI analyses, the group with TBI had significantly lower connectivity between the motor network and left caudate and numerically lower connectivity between the motor network and right caudate. In adolescents with TBI, lower motor network to left caudate connectivity correlated with poorer Simple task performance; lower motor network to right caudate connectivity correlated with poorer Simple and Motivation task performance. No significant brain-behavior relationships existed among controls. These results are consistent with previous pediatric TBI literature and suggest that disrupted intrinsic connectivity of a corticostriatal motor network may contribute to response inhibition deficits.
Beyond the sea: Crepidula atrasolea as a spiralian model system

This paper introduces the black-footed slipper snail, Crepidula atrasolea, as a new model for biological studies in the Spiralia. C. atrasolea is a calyptraeid gastropod, and congener of the Atlantic slipper snail, C. fornicata. Like C. fornicata, C. atrasolea shares a sedentary, filter-feeding, protandrous lifestyle, but is preferable as a developmental model because of its short generation time, year-round reproduction, and direct development. In our lab, individuals go from egg to reproductive females in under six months, as compared to an estimated 1-2 years for C. fornicata. Here we provide details for collecting and transporting animals, setting up inland aquaria, and maintaining laboratory colonies of C. atrasolea. We also describe early development, which is similar to that in other calyptraeids. Females brood encapsulated embryos for three weeks, which hatch as “crawl-away” juveniles. We also present a developmental transcriptome for C. atrasolea, covering early cleavage through late organogenesis stages, as a useful tool for future studies of gene expression and function. We provide this information to the broader developmental community to facilitate widespread use of this system.