cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Computationally Efficient Framework for Automatic Inertial Sensor Calibration

The calibration of (low-cost) inertial sensors has become increasingly important over the past years, since their use has grown exponentially in many applications going from unmanned aerial vehicle navigation to 3-D animation. However, this calibration procedure is often quite problematic since, aside from compensating for deterministic measurement errors due to physical phenomena such as dynamics or temperature, the stochastic signals issued from these sensors in static settings have a complex spectral structure and the methods available to estimate the parameters of these models are either unstable, computationally intensive, and/or statistically inconsistent. This paper presents a new software platform for calibration of the stochastic component in inertial sensor measurement errors based on the generalized method of wavelet moments, which provides a computationally efficient, flexible, user-friendly, and statistically sound tool to estimate and select from a wide range of complex models. In addition, all this is possible also in a robust framework allowing to perform sensor calibration when the data are affected by outliers. The software is developed within the open-source statistical software R and is based on C++ language allowing it to achieve high computational performance.
Can Social Capital Protect Adolescents from Delinquent Behavior, Antisocial Attitudes, and Mental Health Problems?

Social capital theory suggests that the norms, obligations, and information adolescents receive from their social relationships act as a form of capital that can be traded in social situations. The implications of this theory are clear when considering growth in positive outcomes: more social capital should provide greater growth. However, the implications are less clear when considering potential protective effects against negative outcomes. We conduct a systematic review of the literature on social capital to examine the evidence for these protective effects. We discuss what social capital is and how it has been applied to youth previously before moving to a review of the relevant literature linking social capital and a number of negative outcomes. We find evidence that social capital does generally protect youth from negative outcomes; however, the evidence for some outcomes, such as mental health, are mixed. We review the implications of our findings and suggest avenues for future research.
Vessel Wall and Lumen Features in North American Moyamoya Patients

To apply intracranial vessel wall imaging (VWI) to determine changes in vessel wall characteristics between North American moyamoya patients and controls, as well as with standard clinical measures of moyamoya disease severity. North American moyamoya patients and controls underwent intracranial 3.0 T VWI. Moyamoya patients also underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA), from which modified Suzuki scores (mSS) were calculated. Lumen and outer vessel wall diameters of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and basilar artery on VWI were measured by two readers from which wall thickness was calculated. Controls and moyamoya patients were compared in logistic regression using disease category (moyamoya or none) as the dependent variable and wall thickness, age, gender, and side as the explanatory variables (significance: two-sided p < 0.05). In moyamoya patients, regression was performed with mSS as the dependent variable and wall thickness, age, gender, and side as the explanatory variables. Analyses were repeated for each lumen diameter and outer vessel wall diameter in place of wall thickness. Patients with moyamoya (n = 23, gender = 3/20 male/female; age = 43 ± 12 years) and controls (n = 23, gender = 3/20 male/female, age = 43 ± 13 years) were included. Moyamoya patients showed a significantly smaller ICA lumen and outer vessel wall diameter compared to controls (p < 0.05) but no significant change in vessel wall thickness. Similarly, ICA lumen and outer vessel wall diameters decreased with increasing mSS (p < 0.05). Findings suggest decreased ICA lumen and outer vessel wall diameters, but no significant difference in wall thickness, between patients and controls. Lumen and outer vessel wall diameters also decreased with disease severity.
Development and validation of the eating disorder fear questionnaire and interview: Preliminary investigation of eating disorder fears.

Anxiety is highly characteristic of eating disorders (ED). Despite high levels of anxiety, little is known about ED specific fears. The current study developed and tested the psychometric properties of two measures of ED fears in two samples (N = 513 undergraduates; N = 129 clinical EDs): a self-report measure (Eating Disorder Fear Questionnaire; EFQ) and interview (Eating Disorder Fear Interview; EFI). We found strong support for a five-factor EFQ consisting of subscales assessing fear of weight gain, social consequences, personal consequences, physical sensations, and social eating. We found strong support for a six-factor EFI consisting of subscales assessing fear of food, weight gain, physical sensations, personal consequences, social consequences, and exercise-related fears. Both measures had adequate to strong internal consistency and convergent, divergent, incremental, and construct validity. These measures can be used to identify ED fears that can be targeted in personalized treatment. These data show that ED fears are multifaceted and heterogeneous.
Sound from aeroelastic vortex-fibre interactions.

The motion of a line vortex moving past a one-dimensional flexible fibre is examined theoretically. A SchwarzChristoffel conformal mapping enables the analytical solution of the potential flow fiel...
Underreporting Chargeable Time: A Continuing Problem for Public Accounting Firms

Prior research shows that underreporting chargeable time has been a concern for public accounting firms even though many of these firms have policies and procedures that prohibit eating time. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of this problem and to provide recommendations to manage the problem more effectively. Practicing public accountants at all professional levels were surveyed to determine the extent, opportunity, ethical perception and perceived benefits of underreporting time. The results show that although the majority of the respondents believe underreporting time is unethical, the majority of them did not report all of their chargeable hours in the prior year. The main reasons for such behavior stem from the desire to: (1) receive better periodic performance evaluations, (2) be viewed as competent by superiors, and (3) receive promotions.
Optimization of Process Parameters for the Synthesis of Mo 2 C on an Activated Carbon Matrix

Commercial production of carbide materials is often associated with high energy costs due to the high temperatures and long milling times required to produce a powder carbide product. A process for synthesizing Mo2C was developed to reduce carburization temperatures and product particle size. Precursor material, produced by adsorbing molybdate anions onto activated carbon, was carburized under a reducing gas atmosphere to produce Mo2C at temperatures below 800 °C. Molybdenum adsorption was measured using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and carburization products were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Response surface analyses were used to mathematically model the adsorption and carburization processes and to determine optimal parameters for Mo-loading and Mo2C synthesis. The effects of temperature, time, pH, and initial Mo concentration were used to model adsorption behavior while the carburization process was modelled using the effects of temperature, reaction time, and reducing gas atmosphere on the synthesis of Mo2C.
Give Chance a Chance: An Alternative Process for Selecting U.S. Supreme Court Justices:

This article develops the proposal that U.S. Supreme Court Justices should be selected by sortition. The greatest threat to the legitimacy of the Supreme Court emanates from ever more politicized s...
SCREENING METHODS FOR GLYCOLYTIC ENZYME DEFICIENCIES IN RED BLOOD CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the screening methods for glycolytic enzyme deficiencies in red blood cells. The red cell is composed of three main functional units: the cell membrane, hemoglobin, and an enzyme system for glucose metabolism. There are a large number of genetic defects of the red cell that are clinically manifested by a hemolytic anemia. These include defects in each of the major functional units of the red cell: the membrane, hemoglobin, and glycolytic enzymes. The most common glycolytic enzyme defect is deficient activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and X-linked enzyme. The rarity and wide variety of glycolytic enzyme deficiencies has stimulated the development of simple laboratory screening methods for diagnostic testing. The fluorescent tests described in the chapter can easily incorporate into the schema of any large hematology or genetic laboratory, and the Cl4-glycolytic tests can be used by laboratories with access to a scintillation counter. The tests can be performed on capillary blood, and can be completed in one day.
Chapter 3 – Markov Chains: Introduction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Markov chains. A Markov process {X t} is a stochastic process with the property that given the value of Xt, the values of Xs for s>t are not influenced by the values of Xu for u<t. In words, the probability of any particular future behavior of the process, when its current state is known exactly, is not altered by additional knowledge concerning its past behavior. A discrete time Markov chain is a Markov process whose state space is a finite or countable set and whose (time) index set is T = (0, 1, 2,…). Subsequently, it is frequently convenient to label the state space of the Markov chain by the nonnegative integers {0,1,2,…}, and it is customary to speak of Xn as being in state i if Xn = i. When the one-step transition probabilities are independent of the time variable n, the Markov chain has stationary transition probabilities. A Markov chain is completely defined by its one-step transition probability matrix and the specification of a probability distribution on the state of the process at time 0. The analysis of a Markov chain concerns mainly the calculation of the probabilities of the possible realizations of the process. The importance of Markov chains lies in the large number of natural physical, biological, and economic phenomena that can be described by them and is enhanced by the amenability of Markov chains to quantitative manipulation.
Comparison of advanced care discussions between Chinese-American and Caucasian stage IV cancer patients at a single American cancer center.

e19081Background: Timely discussions with cancer patients on prognosis, goals of care (GOC), and end-of-life care (EOLC) are essential components of quality care for diverse populations. Although C...
Case study: evaluation of the automation of material handling with mobile robots

The automation of material handling is one of the solutions that many companies are relying on to reach their goals related to productivity increment, floor space optimization, higher standards for factory’s safety, and allocation of workers to value-added activities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the current state of the material flow of finished goods for an automotive parts supplier plant and the technology available on the market to verify if it was worthwhile to invest in material handling automation. The analysis included the use of discrete event simulation to evaluate the different layout approaches combined with the mobile robots’ performance. It was proven that the tandem layout was the most beneficial approach to the analyzed plant’s reality with a minimal of three robots. Improvements to the material flow and automation of the labeling process were also proposed based on the study.
Cultural ecosystem services caught in a ‘coastal squeeze’ between sea level rise and urban expansion

Abstract Sea level rise and urbanization exert complex synergistic pressures on the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in coastal regions. Anticipating when and where both biophysical and cultural ES will be affected by these two types of coastal environmental change is critical for sustainable land-use planning and management. Biophysical (provisioning and regulating) services can be mapped using secondary data. We demonstrate an approach to mapping cultural ES by engaging stakeholders in iterative participatory mapping of personally and communally valuable cultural ES. We identify hotspots where highly valued cultural ES and high values for biophysical ES co-occur and generate spatially-explicit projections of sea level rise and urban expansion through 2060 to quantify impacts of the ‘coastal squeeze’ on ES. We study Johns Island, South Carolina, USA as an example of a vulnerable community in a low-lying region experiencing both rising water levels and a rapid influx of new residents and development. Our projections of environmental change through 2060 indicate that on Johns Island, cultural ES face disproportionately greater risk of decline than biophysical ES, with almost three quarters of the island’s cultural ES affected. We find that hotspots for cultural ES, such as community heritage sites and scenic vistas of oak-lined roads and marshes, rarely co-occur (only 3% area) with biophysical ES such as high values of carbon sequestration and agricultural production. This confirms the importance of engaging with local stakeholders to map cultural ES and puts them on a more level playing field with biophysical ES in decision-making contexts. Projected declines and limited overlap between biophysical and cultural ES highlight the need for tighter coordination between conservation and community planning, and for including locally valued cultural ES in assessments of threats posed by the ‘coastal squeeze’ of sea level rise and urban expansion.
The Divergence of High- and Low-Frequency Estimation: Causes and Consequences

Financial analysts typically estimate volatilities and correlations from monthly or higher-frequency returns when determining the optimal composition of a portfolio. Although it is widely acknowledged that these measures are not necessarily stationary across samples, most analysts assume implicitly that, within sample, volatilities scale with the square root of time and correlations estimated from high-frequency returns are similar to correlations estimated from low-frequency returns. Evidence does not support this view. Instead, evidence shows that relative asset values often evolve through time in ways that are highly inconsistent with their high-frequency volatilities and correlations. As a consequence, portfolios that are optimal based on high-frequency returns often lead to significantly suboptimal results for investors with long horizons. The causes and consequences of this discrepancy are analyzed by the article’s authors, as well as presenting a framework for constructing portfolios that balance short-horizon and long-horizon optimality.
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Based Methods for the Quantification of Proteins in Urine

We described several postprocessing methods to measure protein concentrations in human urine from existing 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic spectra: (1) direct spectral integration, (2) integration of NCD spectra (NCD = 1D NOESY-CPMG), (3) integration of SMolESY-filtered 1D NOESY spectra (SMolESY = Small Molecule Enhancement SpectroscopY), (4) matching protein patterns, and (5) TSP line integral and TSP linewidth. Postprocessing consists of (a) removal of the metabolite signals (demetabolization) and (b) extraction of the protein integral from the demetabolized spectra. For demetabolization, we tested subtraction of the spin-echo 1D spectrum (CPMG) from the regular 1D spectrum and low-pass filtering of 1D NOESY by its derivatives (c-SMolESY). Because of imperfections in the demetabolization, in addition to direct integration, we extracted protein integrals by the piecewise comparison of demetabolized spectra with the reference spectrum of albumin. We analyzed 42 urine samples with protein content known from the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. We found excellent correlation between the BCA assay and the demetabolized NMR integrals. We have provided conversion factors for calculating protein concentrations in mg/mL from spectral integrals in mM. Additionally, we found the trimethylsilyl propionate (TSP, NMR standard) spectral linewidth and the TSP integral to be good indicators of protein concentration. The described methods increase the information content of urine NMR metabolomics spectra by informing clinical studies of protein concentration.
Operative intervention for a central pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm

Pulmonary artery (PA) pseudoaneurysms are a rare but potentially lethal diagnosis. They can be further categorized by etiology or location and are typically successfully treated with endovascular therapies. However, they occasionally require operative intervention. Here, we present a case of a patient who presented with a central PA pseudoaneurysm on computed tomography scan with unclear etiology that was initially treated with conservative management. However, this was noted to have rapid enlargement on interval imaging necessitating urgent surgical intervention. The patient underwent a median sternotomy, anterior PA arteriotomy for exposure, exclusion of the posterior artery pseudoaneurysm with a bovine pericardial patch, and closure of the anterior arteriotomy with a bovine pericardial patch. The patient did well and was discharged on postoperative day 11 with repeat imaging showing resolution.
Maritime Networks in the Mycenaean World

1. The problem of Mycenaean coastal worlds 2. Mycenaeans and the sea 3. Ships and boats of the Aegean Bronze Age 4. The maritime environment of the Aegean Sea 5. Coasts and harbors of the Bronze Age Aegean: characteristics, discovery, and reconstruction 6. Concepts for Mycenaean coastal worlds 7. Coastscapes and small worlds of the Aegean Bronze Age: case studies 8. Conclusions and prospects.
Solutions Away From Turning Points

The formal, usually divergent series in powers of ∈, or of some root of E, which appear in the theorems of Chapter II, are related to true solutions of the differential equation in the sense that they are asymptotic representations of analytic functions which are such true solutions when substituted for those series. This fact will be established in the present section.
Early Prediction of Movie Success — What, Who, and When

Leveraging historical data from the movie industry, this study built a predictive model for movie success, deviating from past studies by predicting profit (as opposed to revenue) at early stages of production (as opposed to just prior to release) to increase investor certainty. Our work derived several groups of novel features for each movie, based on the cast and collaboration network (who’), content (‘what’), and time of release (‘when’).
Computer Technology in Schools

AbstractThis study identified computer competencies important for teachers. A Delphi panel developed a survey instrument of 67 computer competencies. Fifteen of these competencies related to networks, the Internet, and e-mail. Survey responses came from 437 technology coordinators, teacher educators, and secondary teachers. The most important computer competencies dealt with integration of computers into curricula and using computers in instruction. The use of networks and the Internet for research and the use of e-mail were rated important, but ranked 22nd and 23rd in the list of 33 competencies that were rated Important or Very Important.
Comparison of results of autologous versus homologous blood transfusion in open-heart surgery.

Background : The aim of this study was to determine a method to decrease the use of homologous blood during open-heart surgery using a simple blood-conservation protocol. We removed autologous blood from the patient before bypass and used isovolumetric substitution. We present the results of this protocol on morbidity and mortality of surgery patients from two distinct time periods. Methods : Patients from the two surgical phases were enrolled in this retrospective study in order to compare the outcomes using autologous or homologous blood in open-heart surgery. A total of 323 patients were included in the study. The autologous transfusion group (group 1) comprised 163 patients and the homologous transfusion group (group 2) 160 patients. In group 1, autologous bloods were prepared via a central venous catheter that was inserted into the right internal jugular vein in all patients, using the isovolumetric replacement technique. The primary outcome was postoperative in-hospital mortality and mortality at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included the length of stay in hospital and in intensive care unit (ICU), time for extubation, re-intubations, pulmonary infections, pneumothorax, pleural effusions, atrial fibrillation, other arrhythmias, renal disease, allergic reactions, mediastinitis and sternal dehiscence, need for inotropic support, and low cardiac-output syndrome (LCOS). Results : The mean ages of patients in groups 1 and 2 were 64.2 ± 10.3 and 61.5 ± 11.6 years, respectively. Thirty-eight of the patients in group 1 and 30 in group 2 were female. There was no in-hospital or 30-day mortality in either group. The mean extubation time, and ICU and hospital stays were significantly shorter in group 1. Furthermore, postoperative drainage amounts were less in group 1. There were significantly fewer patients with postoperative pulmonary complications, pneumonia, atrial fibrillation and renal disease. The number of patients who needed postoperative inotropic support and those with low cardiac output was also significantly less in group 1. Conclusion : Autologous blood transfusion is a safe and effective method in carefully selected patients undergoing cardiac surgery. It not only prevents transfusion-related co-morbidities and complications but also enables early extubation time and shorter ICU and hospital stay. Furthermore, it reduces the cost of surgery.
Comparison of solar photovoltaic and nuclear reactor power systems for a human-tended lunar observatory

In a study for the NASA Office of Exploration, photovoltaic (PV) and nuclear surface power systems in the 20 to 100 kW/sub e/ range were examined for use at a human-tended lunar astronomical observatory, and estimates of the power system masses were made. The candidate systems consisted of three photovoltaic arrays with gaseous reactant RFC storage, a GaAs PV power system with cryogenic reactant RFC storage, a nuclear power system with Stirling cycle energy conversion, and a nuclear power system with thermoelectric energy conversion. The last system, consisting of a completely assembled SP-100 nuclear reactor power system using thermoelectric conversion and integrated with a lunar lander, is recommended for further study due to its low system mass, potential for modular growth, and applicability to other surface power missions, particularly in the Martian system. >
The Business Environment in Russia

Examines the general context of present and future business opportunities in Russia with particular reference to the recent economic reform process. Covers such areas as the political climate, the state of industry, the evolving private sector, privatization, legal and fiscal reforms, macroeconomic policy, banking, foreign investment, trade, human capital and employment. Concludes that, although the immediate prospects of the Russian economy appear uncertain, the longer‐term potential is huge, considering its possession of certain key advantages that should prove durable.
Market Competitiveness and Demographic Profiles of Dairy Alternative Beverages in the United States: The Case of Soymilk

Data from U.S. households for year 2008 were used in examining market competitiveness of soymilk using tobit procedure. Unconditional own- and cross-price elasticities are larger than their conditional counterparts. Income, age, employment status, education level, race, ethnicity, region and presence of children are significant drivers affecting the demand for soymilk.
MOTHERS MAKING TENURE

This study examines the experiences of 22 tenure track mothers in university social work programs who responded to a mail survey. Qualitative analysis is used to explore the mothers’ experiences combining the roles of academic and mother. Struggles encountered, personal strategies used, and helpful university policies and barriers are described. Suggestions for change are offered.
Reconfigurable Computing in the New Age of Parallelism

Reconfigurable computing is an emerging paradigm enabled by the growth in size and speed of FPGAs. In this paper we discuss its place in the evolution of computing as a technology as well as the role it can play in the current technology outlook. We discuss the evolution of ROCCC (Riverside Optimizing Compiler for Configurable Computing) in this context.
Teacher Candidates and Latina/o English Learners at Fenton Elementary School: The Role of Early Clinical Experiences in Urban Teacher Education.

This study investigates how early clinical experiences impact teacher candidates’ learning and experiences with Latina/o English learners in a field-based program housed in a multilingual, urban elementary school. We draw on multiple-case study design and use discourse analysis to explore cases of three candidates. Findings reveal exploration of additive language policies, use of cultural tools in academic contexts, and linguistic validity in assessments.
Expression of B7-H1 on Gastric Epithelial Cells: Its Potential Role in Regulating T Cells during Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection becomes chronic as the host response is unable to clear it. Gastric epithelial cells (GEC) play an important role during the host response, and their expression of class II MHC and costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 suggests their role in local Ag presentation. Although T cells are recruited to the infected gastric mucosa, they have been reported to be hyporesponsive. In this study, we detected the expression of B7-H1 (programmed death-1 ligand 1), a member of B7 family of proteins associated with T cell inhibition on GEC. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that B7-H1 expression increased significantly on GEC after H. pylori infection. Western blot analysis showed that B7-H1 expression was induced by various H. pylori strains and was independent of H. pylori virulence factors such as Cag, VacA, and Urease. The functional role of B7-H1 in the cross talk between GEC and T cells was assessed by coculturing GEC or H. pylori-infected GEC with CD4+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood. Using blocking Abs to B7-H1 revealed that B7-H1 was involved in the suppression of T cell proliferation and IL-2 synthesis, and thus suggested a role for B7-H1 on the epithelium as a contributor in the chronicity of H. pylori infection.
Effective geometry versus real geometry

Abstract The effective action method for calculation of pair creation in an anisotropic universe is studied. The transition amplitudes are given in terms of a metric called the “effective geometry”, which is complex because of the back reaction of the produced pairs. We establish a formula which relates the “real geometry”, i.e., the real observable metric, to the effective geometry at the lowest nontrivial order in the perturbation expansion.
Nifedipine pretreatment for autonomicdysreflexia during electroejaculation

Ten spinal-cord-injured males who exhibited autonomic dysreflexia during electroejaculation were given sublingual calcium channel blocker nifedipine pretreatment to prevent this complication. Nifedipine was successful in decreasing peak systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures during the procedure. The use of nifedipine resulted in fewer aborted trials and allowed higher energy delivery during the procedure.
Overcoming Conditioned Helplessness in Mathematics

(1994). Overcoming Conditioned Helplessness in Mathematics. College Teaching: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 51-54.
Best Practices for Writing Child Outcomes: An Evaluation of Two Methods

One implication of the family focused philosophy of Part H of Public Law 99--457 is that child Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) goals and objectives reflect functional skills and activities that fit within family daily routines. This study compared two methods employed within an applied setting to develop child IFSPs. A rating instrument covering quality indicators derived from ecological and developmental frameworks was used to evaluate the quality of goals and objectives written from a curriculum-based assessment and a computerized list of goals and objectives based on professional judgment. Implications for best practices are discussed.
Self-paced hard work comparing men and women.

Six fit male subjects (23 years, 171 cm, 67 kg, maximal V˚O2 = 2.25mmol kg−1 min−1 (50.3ml kg−1min−1)) and six fit female subjects (22 years, 163 cm, 57 kg, maximal V˚O2= l.83mmol kg−1 min−1(41.1 mlkg−1 min−1)) performed self-paced hard work while walking over four different terrains carrying no external load, 10 kg and 20 kg. Time on each course for individual subjects was used to determine speed and energy expenditure; heart rate was recorded as each subject completed each course. Walking speed and energy expenditure of the males were found to be significantly greater (p 0.05) and remarkably constant at a value close to 45% V˚O2max, These data indicate that the voluntary hard work rate is dependent upon maximal aerobic power. The best pred...
Synthesis and characterization of a planar chiral and chiral-at-metal ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complex

Abstract This report describes the conversion of the neutral planar chiral arene-tethered complex [Ru(η6:η1-Me2NC6H4C6H4PCy2)Cl2 (1), into [Ru(η6: η1-Me2NC6H4C6H4PCy2)(1,3-dibutylimidazol-2-ylidene)Cl]BF4 (2) via silver transmetallation. The cationic title complex is also chiral-at-metal, and forms stereoselectively as a result of the directing effect of the arene-tethered ligand. The structure in solution and in the solid state was examined; a puckered distortion of the η6-arene was noted in the crystal structure, along with a hindered rotation of the NHC in solution. As a comparison to the previously reported phosphine analogues, the dication derived from 2 was used to catalyze the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of methacrolein and cyclopentadiene.
Belief and the problem of Ulysses and the sirens

L'A. etudie la question de la prevision d'un evenement futur (de l'ordre du possible) susceptible de modifier les opinions actuelles d'une personne. L'A. s'appuie sur l'exemple d'Ulysse qui, pressentant la menace liee au chant des sirenes, se fait attacher au mât de son bateau, pour developper le principe de reflexion qu'il a deja expose dans son dernier ouvrage intitule «Belief and the Will». Il repond aux critiques fondees sur la probabilite numerique subjective et sur l'argument du Livre Hollandais qui lui ont ete opposees
Digestion and alteration of the biochemical constituents of a diatom (Thalassiosira weisflogii) ingested by an herbivorous zooplankton (Calanus pacificus)

A laboratory experiment was conducted in which 14C-labeled diatoms (Thalassisora weissflogii) were fed to an herbivorous copepod zooplankton (Calanus pacificus). Digestion efficiencies, as defined by changes in concentration relative to biogenic silica from the diet to fecal pellets, were calculated for 14C, organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll-type pigments as well as proteins (as amino acids) and polysaccharides (as aldoses). The majority of organic material ingested (≥65% of all components except pigments, 30%) was digested. Digestion efficiencies were similar to reactivity patterns observed in previous studies of the same organisms (total N > organic C > total chlorophyll-type pigments). Polysaccharides and particularly amino acids were clearly important nutrients for copepods. However, together with chlorophyll-type pigments, these biochemicals accounted for only 57% of organic C in the diatom and only 35% in fecal pellets. Although lipids represented some fraction of the uncharacterized materials, an important, relatively stable diatom component remained unidentified and apparently was concentrated in the fecal pellets. Individual amino acids and especially aldoses were digested to differing degrees, apparently due to preferential digestion of intracellular materials with concomitant preservation of cell-wall polymers in the fecal pellets. Overall, egested materials were dramatically altered in composition relative to the diet. Digestion efficiencies for all components were similar in magnitude and pattern to reactivities observed in temperate coastal sites in which diatoms and copepods are important contributors to plankton populations and sinking particle fluxes.
The distribution and intracellular translocation of aflatoxin B1 in isolated hepatocytes

Abstract The distribution and intracellular translocation of AFB1 in various subcellular fractions was investigated in isolated hepatocytes by pulse-chase experiments. After labeling the hepatocytes with [3H]-AFB1 (14.5 nM) for 15 min, the highest concentration of [3H]-AFB1 was found in the cytosolic fraction where 66% was bound noncovalently and 1.5% covalently. The lowest concentration of [3H]-AFB1 was found in the nuclear fraction; 36% and 4.9% were bound noncovalently and covalently respectively. When the [3H]-AFB1 loaded cells were chased with unlabeled AFB1 (1 μM), the radioactivity of [3H]-AFB1 in the cell lysate and cytosolic fraction decreased in time with an apparant rate of elimination ( t1 2 ) of 93 min and 66 min, respectively. The levels of covalently bound AFB1 increased with time and reached a maximum at 60 min in nuclei (270%), and at 120 min in mitochondria (220%) and cytosol (430%) as compared to the zero time. Only in the microsomal fraction was there no significant increase with time in covalently bound AFB1. These results suggest that the toxin after activation by the microsomal mixed function oxidases was either detoxified or transported to other cellular organelles where covalent binding of macromolecules occurred.
A new spot test for silver

A new spot test for silver has been developed. Test papers are prepared by impregnating filter paper with an equilibrium mixture of potassium tetracyanonickelate and dimethylglyoxime. As little as 0.5μg of silver can be detected.
The intrinsic electromagnetic solitary vortices in magnetized plasma

Solutions speciales de deux types de problemes aux valeurs limites pour les equations aux derivees partielles du 4eme ordre. L'application de ces solutions a differentes equations non lineaires dans les plasmas magnetises permet la construction du vortex d'Alfven de derive solitaire electromagnetique et du vortex electronique solitaire electromagnetique intrinseque
Broadening the public perception of veterinarians: can we keep what we've got while transforming ourselves?

Before becoming Dean, I thought I had a special insight: I would like to broaden the public’s perception of veterinary medicine, to get media attention focused on the roles veterinarians play, including support for research and agriculture. In early January, when I first attended the annual deans’ meeting of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), I found that this is the explicit goal of the deans, and, indeed, of the AAVMC as an organization. Appropriately humbled to discover that my deep insight was old news, I was also happy to see that the profession is widely engaged in increasing our influence. The deans believe that—in our position within the human–animal bond that includes all caretakers and users of domestic animals for research, agriculture, work, and entertainment—we are the most sensitive detectors of emerging infectious diseases and of some vitally important societal changes in the relationship between man and beast. We are therefore frustrated to be omitted from high-profile media coverage and, more importantly, from federal bodies focused on the future of research and management of infectious-disease and bioterrorism threats. But who must do something about this, ‘‘them’’ or ‘‘us’’?
Targeting Reading Fluency Through Brief Experimental Analysis and Parental Intervention Over the Summer

Although past research has examined repeated reading (RR) and listening passage preview (LPP) in great detail, several issues related to their applied usage with individual students remain. Questions including the number of times students are required to engage with the instructional materials during treatment and tracking fluency gains on untrained probes become important during individualized intervention. In addition, most RR and LPP work has been conducted by school personnel during the academic year rather than by parents over the summer months. As such, the current study used brief experimental analysis to identify the most effective number of RR or LPP implementations for two second graders, which was then employed by each child's mother during the summer months. Progress monitoring included tracking fluency gains on untrained AIMSweb probes. Results indicated both increased correct words per minute during intervention and maintenance at 6-week follow-up and are discussed in terms of applied decisi...
Interaction of the adaptor protein Shc and the adhesion molecule cadherin

In mitogenic signaling pathways, Shc participates in the growth factor activation of Ras by interacting with activated receptors and/or the Grb-2.Sos complex. Using several experimental approaches we demonstrate that Shc, through its SH2 domain, forms a complex with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin, a transmembrane protein involved in the Ca2+-dependent regulation of cell-cell adhesion. This interaction is demonstrated in a yeast two-hybrid assay, by co-precipitation from mammalian cells, and by direct biochemical analysis in vitro. The Shc-cadherin association is phosphotyrosine-dependent and is abrogated by addition of epidermal growth factor to A-431 cells maintained in Ca2+-free medium, a condition that promotes changes in cell shape. Shc may therefore participate in the control of cell-cell adhesion as well as mitogenic signaling through Ras.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity in retinal explants of goldfish undergoing optic nerve regeneration

Abstract Retinal explants cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) exhibit an increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase which is maximal several hours after explanation. The measured activity of this enzyme is higher in explants of retinas whose optic nerve had been crushed several days previously (post-crush, PC) than in control (normal, N) retinas. The addition of rabbit antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF) to the incubation medium does not block this stimulatory effect of FCS, a result suggesting that factors other than NGF present in FCS are responsible for the observed stimulation. An inhibitor of ODC synthesis, diaminopropane (DAP), and an irreversible inhibitor of ODC activity, α- dl -difluoromethylornithine (α-DFMO), each suppressed the FCS-stimulated ODC activity when added to the culture medium. Since FCS addition also promotes neuritic outgrowth from PC goldfish retinal explants, we explored the possible relationship of the stimulated ODC activity and the ability of explants to extend neurites. Concentrations of DAP or α-DFMO that block ODC activity also suppress neuritic outgrowth. Possible non-specific actions of the drugs unrelated to the block of ODC are examined. While the increases in ODC activity seen in PC and N goldfish retinas explanted into FCS-containing medium may be a requisite, they cannot be sufficient to support neuritic outgrowth. Intrinsic changes in the retinal explant secondary to crush of its optic nerve as well as factor(s) present in FCS that may be unrelated to the stimulation of ODC activity also appear necessary for neuritic outgrowth.
Production of unipolar air with radium isotopes

This article is a general survey of recent development work on sources of unipolar air using alpha-emitting radioactive materials. Specific reference is made to a new device, operating at relatively high air speeds of about 450 feet per minute, which will provide an air output containing only positive or only negative ions. The method of controlling the density of this unipolar output is also treated.
A kinetic theory for polymer melts VI. calculation of additional material functions

Abstract The Curtiss-Bird constitutive equation is used to analyze three flows: large-amplitude oscillatory shearing; superposition of steady shear flow and small-amplitude oscillations; and eccentric disk rheometer flow. The corresponding Doi-Edwards theory results can be obtained as a special case by setting the link-tension coefficient equal to zero.
Chelation as a process following chemisorption upon emitters for field desorption and field ionization mass spectrometry

Acetylacetone (Hacac) admitted as a gas to an ion source containing CoCl2 adsorbed on a field ionization/field desorption emitter produces the ion [Co(acac)Cl]+. Similar ions arising from interaction of adsorbed salt and a ligand admitted as a gas were found for CoCl2 and trifluoroacetyl acetone, and for FeCl2 and acetylacetone. The chelation process represents a new kind of reaction of chemisorbed species in field ionization mass spectrometry.
DETERMINANTS OF PERSISTENCE IN RELATIVE PERFORMANCE OF MUTUAL FUNDS

Similar to previous studies, we investigate the relation between past and future fund performance. However, we deviate from previous studies by investigating the relation between persistent fund performance and four systematic factors: size, goal, load, and management fee. Results indicate no consistent relation between fund size and persistent fund performance. The existence of a sales charge does not affect persistent fund performance. The goal of a fund does affect persistent fund performance, with high-risk maximum capital gain funds' demonstrating a strong positive persistence in abnormal returns. In addition, funds with low management fees demonstrate significantly positive persistent fund performance, while funds with high management fees demonstrate significantly negative persistent fund performance. Further research into the relation between persistent fund performance and maximum capital gain funds indicates persistent fund performance in both inferior- and superior-performing funds. However, persistence in funds with low management fees occurs only in funds with superior past performance.
Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells by two chemical vapor deposition techniques

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) has long been recognized as a promising thin film photovoltaic material. In this work, polycrystalline p-CdTe films have been deposited by two chemical vapor deposition techniques, namely the combination of vapors of elements (CVE) and close-spaced sublimation (CSS). The CVE technique is more flexible in controlling the composition of deposited films while the CSS technique can provide very high deposition rates. The resistivity of p-CdTe films deposited by the CVE and CSS techniques can be controlled by intrinsic (cadmium vacancies) or extrinsic (arsenic or antimony) doping, and the lowest resistivity obtainable is about 200 Ω cm. Both front-wall (CdTe/TCS/glass) and back-wall (TCS/CdTe/substrate) cells have been prepared. The back-wall cells are less efficient because of the high and irreproducible p-CdTe-substrate interface resistance. The CSS technique is superior to the CVE technique because of its simplicity and high deposition rates; however, the cleaning of the substrate in situ is more difficult. The interface cleanliness is an important factor determining the electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of the heterojunction. Heterojunction CdS/CdTe solar cells of area 1 cm2 with conversion efficiencies higher than 10% have been prepared and junction properties characterized.
Effects of aging on the dynamics of lymphocyte organ distribution in mice: use of a radioiodinated cell membrane probe.

We have employed a derivatized aminostyrylpyridinium dye, [125I]I2P-Di-6-ASP, to provide a relatively stable tag on mixed mouse splenocytes and purified B and T cells for the purpose of tracking the distribution of those cells among the organs of normal young (4 months) and aged (>26 months) recipient mice. Cells from both young and aged donor spleens were studied. Special emphasis was placed on localization of donor cells in the spleens of the recipients because the majority of circulating lymphocytes localize in the spleen and the spleen is the principal organ of primary immune response. There was a profound difference in the efficiency of splenic acquisition of donor cells between young and aged recipients, a difference not found in the liver, lungs, kidneys or heart. In contrast young and old donor lymphocytes lodged equally well in the spleens of recipients of the same age. It was clear that the competence of the splenic microenvironment to serve as a lodging site for circulating lymphocytes deteriorated with age. Such a change could contribute significantly to the deficient immune response of aged subjects. We suggest that aging results in significant change in the splenic extracellular matrix to serve as an adhesive substratum for lymphocytes. Our data point to a need for detailed studies on age-related changes in components of the extracellular matrix within lymphoid tissues. The novel compound which we employed for cell labeling is both radioactive and fluorescent and should be quite suitable for such studies.
Two-color zero kinetic energy–pulsed field ionization spectroscopy of the acetone n-radical cation: the a2 torsional vibration

Abstract Two-color, (2+1′) resonance multiphoton ionization via the 1 A 2 3p x Rydberg state is used in combination with high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (ZEKE–PFI) to measure the a 2 ( ν 12 ) anti-gearing torsional frequencies in the n -radical cation of acetone (-h 6 and -d 6 ). The photoelectron band intensities and measured torsional frequencies show that the anti-gearing torsional potentials for the cation and the 3p x Rydberg state are very similar. The cation torsional frequencies also indicate that, despite the localization of positive charge in the carbonyl group, the barrier for synchronous methyl rotation in the cation is higher than that for the neutral acetone ground state.