cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CATECHIZING THE HEAD AND THE HEART: AN INTEGRATED MODEL FOR CONFIRMATION MINISTRY

In catechesis for adolescents seeking confirmation in the Roman Catholic Church, a dualistic bias unconsciously dichotomizes objective doctrine and subjective psychology. This is problematic because if a catechist does not communicate mind-independent truth, no seed of Catholic faith will have been planted in a student. At the same time, if a catechist does not affirm a student's subjectivity, the seed cannot find receptive soil. I believe the key to integrating these intellectual and affective elements – the head and the heart – lies in the link between what Bernard Lonergan calls authentic subjectivity and objectivity. Catechists can appeal to this link by embracing the moral responsibility to ‘know our knowing,’ becoming aware of our dualistic bias and judging our faith experiences according to objective standards of knowledge.
Rooting apple cultivars in vitro: interactions among light, temperature, phloroglucinol and auxin

‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and several of its strains, which have been difficult to root in vitro, were successfully propagated with rooting percentages up to 100%. The combination of treatments used to achieve this result included placing the shoots on rooting medium in the dark at 30°C for the first week of the rooting stage, then moving them to a regime of 16 hr light-8 hr dark at 25°C. The rooting medium contained half strength Murashige and Skoog salts plus 1.2 μM thiamine HCl, 0.56 mM myo-inositol, 1 mM phloroglucinol (PG), 1.4 μM indolebutyric acid (IBA), 1.3 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), 87.6 mM sucrose, and 7 g l−1 Difco Bacto agar. Dark treatment applied during the proliferation stage (etiolation) was less effective than one applied at the beginning of the rooting stage. The optimum length of dark treatment during rooting was 4 to 7 days. Increasing the temperature from 25°C to 30°C improved rooting of ‘Delicious’, ‘Royal Red Delicious’, and ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’ in the absence of PG but generally had less effect in the presence of PG. Further increase in temperature to 35°C stimulated rooting of ‘Royal Red Delicious’ but reduced rooting of ‘Vermont Spur Delicious’. Transfer of the cuttings to auxin-free medium after 1 week had no effect on percentage rooting and increased the number of roots per cutting for only 1 of 4 cultivars tested and then only in the presence of PG. In general PG stimulated rooting of ‘Delicious’ and its strains, but had no effect on ‘Golden Delicious’.
Mutagenesis of yeast MW104-1B strain has identified the uncharacterized PMS6 DNA mismatch repair gene locus and additional alleles of existing PMS1, PMS2 and MSH2 genes

The haploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MW104-1B strain was disomic for chromosome III (n + 1) and carried DNA mismatches at three different heteroallelic loci; leu2 (leu2-1/leu2-27), thr4 (thr4-1/thr4-16) and his4 (his4-4/his4-519) (Williamson, 1984). We mutagenized the MW104-1B strain and identified seven mutant isolates that display elevated mitotic/meiotic prototrophs due to mismatch repair failures at heteroallelic loci. Three mutants (pms1, pms2 and pms3) isolated earlier from MW104-1B were shown to correct in vitro constructed plasmids with defined DNA mismatches (G/T, A/C, G/G, etc.) poorly (Kramer et al., 1989a). Complementation tests were performed by crossing all seven new mutant isolates to pms1 and pms2 mutants and assaying for mutant phenotype in the diploids. Four mutant isolates failed to complement the two known pms alleles (pms1-1 and pms2-1). Two other mutant isolates complemented the pms1-1 and pms2-1 alleles, but failed to complement each other and were named as the pms5-1 allele of an uncharacterized gene (PMS5). One other mutant isolate complemented the pms1-1, pms2-1 and pms5-1 alleles and was named as the pms6-1 allele of another uncharacterized gene (PMS6). Subsequently, the pms5-1 mutant allele was shown to be complemented by a plasmid borne yeast MSH2 gene, implying that it is an allele of MSH2 (PMS5). The human homologs (hMSH2 and hMLH1) of two yeast DNA mismatch repair genes (MSH2 and MLH1) have been cloned recently and shown to be responsible for hereditary nonpolypnosis colon cancer (HNPCC) (Fishel et al., 1993; Leach et al., 1993; Bronner et al., 1994; Papadopoulos et al., 1994).
A preliminary investigation of the influence of basal and surface topography on supraglacial lake distribution near Jakobshavn Isbrae, western Greenland

The spatial distribution of supraglacial lakes has been hypothesized to be dominantly controlled by the component of surface roughness influenced by basal topography. Basal topography and surface roughness profiles within the Jakobshavn Isbrae drainage basin in western Greenland, acquired from an ice-penetrating radar echo sounder, were analysed through fourier and wavelet decompositions. Spectral analyses of basal-to-surface transfer under a range of ice thickness were compared with spatial distribution of lakes mapped from high-resolution Landsat imagery. Fourier analysis identifies dominant signals in both the basal and surface profiles to be ranging between wavelengths of 1·25–12·5 km. The strongest peaks of transfer of basal signals to the surface were identified at wavelengths ∼11∼5 km. Wavelet analysis identifies these peaks with thicker (1200–1400 m) and thinner (500–700 m) ice respectively and also identifies surface frequencies not present in the basal signal indicating some influence from other factors. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of supraglacial lake distribution indentifies high correlations at 1·9, 5·6, 11, 24, and 30 km lags. Lags at 5·6 and 11 km correspond to dominant frequencies present in the basal and surface profiles over thinner and thicker ice respectively. These ∼5 and ∼11 km frequency components present in the basal topography, surface roughness, and lake distribution are within the theoretical transfer window of basal-to-surface transfer as a function of ice thickness. The transect analysed in this study does not contain wavelengths in the surface structure that are less than the ice thickness, even though there are relatively higher frequencies present in the surface profile between 0 and 15 km that have less power in the basal profile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of plant species on nutrient cycling.

Plant species create positive feedbacks to patterns of nutrient cycling in natural ecosystems. For example, in nutrient-poor ecosystems, plants grow slowly, use nutrients efficiently and produce poor-quality litter that decomposes slowly and deters herbivores. /n contrast, plant species from nutrient-rich ecosystems grow rapidly, produce readily degradable litter and sustain high rates of herbivory, further enhancing rates of nutrient cycling. Plants may also create positive feedbacks to nutrient cycling because of species' differences in carbon deposition and competition with microbes for nutrients in the rhizosphere. New research is showing that species' effects can be as or more important than abiotic factors, such as climate, in controlling ecosystem fertility.
Effects of chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine on schedule-controlled and schedule-related behavior of rabbits

A lever-lifting response by Dutch Belted and New Zealand White rabbits was maintained in water-deprived animals by 0.25% saccharin solution and in food-deprived animals by food pellets under a multiple 3-min fixed-interval (FI) 30-response fixed-ratio (FR) schedule. Rabbits responding for the saccharin solution had food freely available during the session and in the home cage, whereas those responding for pellets had water continuously available during the session as well as in the home cage. Under nondrug conditions the FR and FI schedules controlled different rates and patterns of responding in the rabbit that were characteristic of those found with other species. In addition, eating or drinking occurred during the inital portion of the FI under the saccharin solution and initial food presentation schedules, respectively. Doses of d-amphetamine (0.1–10.0 mg/kg) increased responding under the FI and FR schedules of food delivery, but increased only FI responding maintained by the saccharin solution. Doses of 3.0–10.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine produced extremely high (300–800% of control) rates of stereotyped perseverative lever responding. Schedule-related eating or drinking were unaffected or decreased at doses of d-amphetamine that increased schedule-controlled responding. Chlorpromazine (0.03–0.3 mg/kg) increased FI responding maintained both by saccharin and food, whereas FR responding generally was unaffected at these dose levels; eating but not drinking was increased with chlorpromazine. Since the behavioral effects of drugs such as amphetamine and chlorpromazine differ somewhat in the rabbit from those found with other typically studied nonhuman mammals, further studies with the rabbit may yield useful information for comparative behavioral pharmacology.
A CYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF A CHLOROPLAST INCLUSION

The chemical composition of a membrane-bound plastid inclusion observed in genetic tumor cells of the amphiploid Nicotiana suaveolens X N. langsdorffii was studied by means of electron microscope cytochemistry. Treatment with the following enzymes had no effect on the ultrastructure of the inclusion: a-amylase, DNase, lipase, papain, pronase, protease, RNase, and trypsin. The only enzyme to alter the fine structure of the inclusion was pepsin, which decreased the electron density of the granular component of the structure. These results indicate that protein is the major chemical constituent of this membrane-bound plastid inclusion. This finding is discussed in relation to the possible role of the inclusion in plastid ontogeny. MEMBRANE-BOUND plastid inclusions were first observed by Hohl (1961) within hyperplastic tissues of Datura stramonium and tumor tissues of Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon, and Helianthus annus. Similar inclusions were also noted in sunflower crown gall tissue (Gee, Sun, and Dwyer, 1967); in neoplastic, hyperplastic, and rapidly growing normal cells of Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Lipetz, 1970); and in tumor and normal cells of the amphiploid Nicotiana suaveolens X N. langsdorffii (Ames, 1972). In addi
Dissecting Corpus Sovieticus, or: “how the East was won”

(1996). Dissecting Corpus Sovieticus, or: “how the East was won”. Nationalities Papers: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 317-322.
Recyclable anisotropic etchant for advanced flip chip manufacturing (Green)

The demand for ever finer circuitry especially for IC-substrate manufacture has lead the way away from the traditional subtractive circuit formation to additive, semi-additive, and (advanced) modified semi-additive technology. These technologies provide many challenges to conquer during production.
Improved survival after variceal hemorrhage over an 11-year period in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Improved survival after variceal hemorrhage over an 11-year period in the Department of Veterans Affairs
The Soviet origin of Russian chauvinism: Voices from below

Abstract The fledgling democracy of Russia is facing many challenges. Perhaps the most dangerous of all is the rise of an aggressive chauvinistic nationalism. Initially, political analysts regarded it as a “recent” phenomenon which was filling in the ideological vacuum left by communism. As time went on, however, scholars began to grasp its deep historical roots and investigate its ideological evolution during the Soviet period. In this process, they tended to focus on the “legitimate” domains of the Soviet system – such as the official press, the literary field of socialist realism, and so on – in order to investigate how “the Russian idea” overtly coexisted or even covertly prospered within the boundaries of officially sanctioned ideology. The main goal of this paper is to bring a new dimension to our understanding of contemporary Russian nationalism, by approaching the whole phenomenon from below . While focusing on the Soviet period, this paper traces the ideological evolution of Slavophiles and their selective degeneration into chauvinism at the social level. In particular, it analyzes the underground ideological field of samizdat – uncensored illicit publications – where Slavophiles played a significant role. In this way, we can hear the “unfiltered” voices of rising Russian nationalists during the Soviet era.
Evidence for a spontaneous gapped state in ultraclean bilayer graphene

At the charge neutrality point, bilayer graphene (BLG) is strongly susceptible to electronic interactions and is expected to undergo a phase transition to a state with spontaneously broken symmetries. By systematically investigating a large number of single-and double-gated BLG devices, we observe a bimodal distribution of minimum conductivities at the charge neutrality point. Although σmin is often approximately 2–3 e2/h (where e is the electron charge and h is Planck’s constant), it is several orders of magnitude smaller in BLG devices that have both high mobility and low extrinsic doping. The insulating state in the latter samples appears below a transition temperature Tc of approximately 5 K and has a T = 0 energy gap of approximately 3 meV. Transitions between these different states can be tuned by adjusting disorder or carrier density.
Relative Endurance and Physiological Responses: A Study of Individual Differences in Prepubescent Boys and Adult Men

Abstract The reliability of individual differences in relative endurance performance and physiological response was studied in prepubescent boys (N = 21) and adult men (N = 21). Subjects were tested twice (test and retest) on a relative endurance test consisting of pedalling a bicycle ergometer for 8 minutes duration at a high initial work-rate. The work-rate averaged 103% ± 1.0% VO2 max (mean ± S.E.) for the children and 105% ± 1.1% VO2 max for the adults, p > .05. Except for minute 3, children and adults had similar patterns for consistency of relative endurance performance (RPM). However, in comparison to adults, children had smaller individual difference variation for both VO2 and HR (p > .05). On the average, children had a greater proportion of total variability in VO2 (34% vs. 17%) and HR (49% vs. 13%) due to intra-individual variability in comparison to true individual differences. Children-adult differences were attributed to maturity differences.
Accurate Analysis of Angiograms based on 3D Vector Field Topology

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are still the number one killer in the United States. The typical diagnostic method is using angiograms for detecting these types of diseases. As is the case with many diseases, early detection can help reduce further progression or enable physicians to take counter measures early on. Hence, accurate analysis techniques are needed for processing these angiogram data sets. In order to perform such analysis of CTA (Computed Tomography Angiograms) data sets, accurate measurements of the coronary vasculature have to be extracted from the volumetric data, such as vessel length, vessel bifurcation angles, cross-sectional area, and vessel volume. These measurements can then be used to discriminate healthy cases from diseased cases. Therefore, this article describes an improved segmentation algorithm based on a hybrid approach between iso-value and image-gradient segmentation and a center line extraction method utilizing 3D vector field topology analysis. Based on the center lines of the coronary vessels found in the angiogram, the quantitative measurements are then computed that can help in the diagnostic process.
On-line structural parameter identification

Algorithms are presented for on-line parameter identification of structural dynamic systems. As an example, they are used to calculate the parameters of a modal model of a flexible beam. The algorithms are tested using hardware consisting of a 12 ft. beam with four voice coil actuators and nine noncontacting displacement sensors. They are programmed in a CDC Cyber 175 digital computer which provides input command signals for the actuators, reads the sensor data, and processes the algorithm to calculate consistent estimates of the modal parameters of the beam. Experimental results are compared with those of simulation analysis.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF VENTRICULOATRIAL CONDUCTION IN THE RABBIT. † 129

This study investigates developmental differences in ventriculoatrial conduction during incremental ventricular pacing in the perfused rabbit heart. In 16 adult and 13 neonatal perfused preparations, ventricular prematures S2 were introduced after a train of 10 S1 stimuli. S2 was progressively shortened until the ventricular refractory period was reached. Parameters of retrograde conduction and refractoriness were then compared.
Implementation of Efficient Fourier-transform Holographic Spectrometer

We present the first implementation of a Fourier-transform spherical beam holographic spectrometer with considerably better sensitivity compared to conventional grating spectrometers. We use this idea to demonstrate a compact spectrometer that is usually encountered in optical sensing with great potential for measuring weak spatially incoherent signal.
TextSL: a command-based virtual world interface for the visually impaired

The immersive graphics, large amount of user-generated content, and social interaction opportunities offered by popular virtual worlds, such as Second Life, could eventually make for a more interactive and informative World Wide Web. Unfortunately, virtual worlds are currently not accessible to users who are visually impaired. This paper presents the work on developing TextSL, a client for Second life that can be accessed with a screen reader. Users interact with TextSL using a command-based interface, which allows for performing a plethora of different actions on large numbers of objects and avatars; characterizing features of such virtual worlds. User studies confirm that a command-based interface is a feasible approach towards making virtual worlds accessible, as it allows screen reader users to explore Second Life, communicate with other avatars, and interact with objects as well as sighted users. Command-based exploration and object interaction is significantly slower, but communication can be performed with the same efficiency as in the Second Life viewer. We further identify that at least 31% of the objects in Second Life lack a descriptive name, which is a significant barrier towards making virtual worlds accessible to users who are visually impaired.
Mechanical behavior of excised canine visceral pleura

A computer-controlled optical electromechanical biaxial test system was employed to study the mechanical response of excised sheets of canine visceral pleura. Three classes of tests were performed: uniform biaxial stretching tests and tests in which the specimen was cyclically stretched along one axis while either the load or dimension was maintained at a prescribed level in the orthogonal direction. The tests were defined completely within the software. Strain was inferred from tracking four particles affixed to the central region of the specimen surface. The visceral pleura was found to behave similarly to other biological soft tissues and required preconditioning to yield repeatable responses. In addition, the visceral pleura appeared to possess in-plane transverse isotropic material symmetry and to exhibit strong in-plane mechanical coupling at lower loads. The data presented herein is sufficient for determination of certain three-dimensional constitutive laws which are essential for further biomechanical analyses of the visceral pleura's role in lung response.
Theoretical Calculation of Single and Multiple Impact Charge Distribution for Heavy Ion Sources

The optimal design of sources for multiply-charged heavy ions depends upon a better understanding of the physical processes involved. In this paper the equations for ionization are developed and discussed. Charge state distributions are calculated for the single impact model (the simultaneous removal of several electrons from an atom) and for the multiple impact (the removal of one electron at a time) model. The calculated ion charge distributions are then compared with experimental data from Penning sources, for which the multiple impact process appears to predominate.
Recurrent small bowel volvulus in the newborn infant

T H I s paper presents a brief review of the experience with volvulus of the small bowel in children admitted to the St. Louis Children's Hospital from 1935 through 1956, a report of a recent case, and the use of an intraluminal intestinal splint in complicated abdominal surgery in the newborn. In the period covered by this study there were 21 cases of volvulus of the small intestine (Fig. 1). Of the 21 cases, only 3 (Table II) had associated malrotation of the colon with or without duodenal obstruction. There has been a tendency in the literature to associate volvulus of the small intestine in infants with maIrotation of the colon; this is not correct. For although malrotation can occur with or without duodenal obstruction, all cases of volvulus resulting in obstruction of the small intestine are not associated with malrotation of the colon. Sawyer and Spencer 1 reported 18 cases of volvulus; in 10 realrotation was not co-existent. Moretz and Morton 2 reported 36 cases of volvulus without malrotation of the colon. Marrow and Judy a reported 8 cases without duodenal obstruction. Volvulus of the small intestine is presum-
Astrocyte control of synaptic NMDA receptors contributes to the progressive development of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Astrocytes modulate neuronal activity, synaptic transmission, and behavior by releasing chemical transmitters in a process termed gliotransmission. Whether this process impacts epilepsy in vivo is not known. We show that genetic impairment of transmitter release from astrocytes by the expression of a glial dominant-negative SNARE domain in mice reduced epileptiform activity in situ, delayed seizure onset after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and attenuated subsequent progressive increase in seizure frequency in vivo. The reduced seizure frequency was accompanied by attenuation of hippocampal damage and behavioral deficits. As the delay in seizure onset and the reduced seizure frequency were mimicked by intracerebroventricular delivery of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist d-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate in WT littermates and because dominant-negative SNARE expression leads to a hypofunction of synaptic NMDARs, we conclude that astrocytes modulate epileptogenesis, recurrent spontaneous seizures, and pathophysiological consequences of epilepsy through a pathway involving NMDARs.
Relationship between the upper limit of vulnerability determined in normal sinus rhythm and the defibrillation threshold in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators

The upper limit of vulnerability is the strength above which ventricular fibrillation is no longer inducible with a shock delivered during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle. It has been demonstrated that the upper limit of vulnerability correlates with the defibrillation threshold in a paced rhythm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of the upper limit of vulnerability determined in normal sinus rhythm with the defibrillation threshold using a simplified protocol in patients undergoing placement of an ICD. We studied 28 patients who underwent ICD implantation. CPI generators and Endotak leads were used in all patients. Device-based testing was used to determined the defibrillation threshold and the upper limit of vulnerability. The upper limit of vulnerability was tested with three shocks delivered at 0, 20, and 40 ms before the peak of the T wave during normal sinus rhythm. The defibrillation threshold was determined by a simple step up-down protocol. The upper limit of vulnerability (9.0 +/- 4.5 J) did not significantly differ from the defibrillation threshold (9.9 +/- 4.0 J), P = NS. A close correlation was present, correlation coefficient = 0.75, P < 0.0001. The upper limit of vulnerability was within 5 J of the defibrillation threshold in 27 (96%) of the 28 patients. The upper limit of vulnerability underestimated the defibrillation threshold by 10 J in one patient who had a defibrillation threshold of 15 J. The upper limit of vulnerability determined in normal sinus rhythm correlates significantly with the defibrillation threshold in patients undergoing ICD implantation. The protocol is simple and easily implemented clinically.
Depression is associated with worse patency and recurrent leg symptoms after lower extremity revascularization

Objectives Depression is associated with worse outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery, but its association with the results after revascularization for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unknown. This study assessed the association between depression and patency, recurrent symptoms, and limb salvage after revascularization for symptomatic PAD. Methods Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with symptomatic PAD who underwent intervention (open, endovascular, or combined) between January 2000 and October 2004. All patients were previously screened for depression, and treatment was initiated as indicated by the primary care physician or psychiatrist. Demographic data and outcomes were recorded using published guidelines. Outcomes of interest included primary patency of the revascularization (bypass graft or angioplasty/stented artery), assisted primary patency, secondary patency, recurrent symptomatic ipsilateral PAD, and major amputation. Follow-up was available for all patients (mean, 23.4 ± 14.1 months). Results Board-certified vascular surgeons performed all interventions. At the time of intervention, 78 (36.1%) of 216 patients had been diagnosed with depression. Compared with those without depression, depressed patients were younger (64.4 vs 69.1 years; P = .001), currently using tobacco (74.4% vs 51.4%; P = .001), and less likely to have hypertension (79.5% vs 89.9%; P = .03). No other significant differences were noted for cardiovascular risk factors or prevalent comorbidities. During follow-up, 50 patients (23.1%) had failing or failed revascularizations, and 24 (11%) had amputations. Those with depression at the time of the PAD intervention, compared at 24 months with patients without depression, had significantly worse primary patency (58.2% vs 79.8%; P = .02), primary assisted patency (59.5% vs 81.5%; P = .01), and secondary patency (60.2% vs 82.2%; P = .007). They also had a significantly increased risk of recurrent symptomatic PAD (33.7% vs 20.8%; P = .03) but not major amputation (13.8% vs 10.4%; P = .73). By multivariate analysis, patients with depression were at significantly increased risk for recurrent symptomatic PAD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 3.02; P = .04) and failure of revascularization (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.88; P Conclusions Depression is common among patients undergoing intervention for symptomatic PAD. After intervention, patients with depression have worse outcomes for the affected leg. Prospective analysis is required to confirm these results.
Visual acuity in cats with central retinal lesions

Abstract Using a conditioned suppression technique, the visual acuity of cats with bilateral central retinal lesions was measured. Compared to normal animals, the lesion cats displayed marked deficits in acuity (expressed in terms of maximum resolvable spatial frequency). These results confirm the functional significance of the cat area centralis and provide some idea of the fall-off in the cat's acuity with retinal eccentricity.
Measuring adherence to depression treatment guidelines in a VA primary care clinic.

Abstract The primary objectives of this pilot study were to develop a measure of adherence for depression practice guidelines and to assess the degree to which providers and patients adhere to guidelines in a VA primary care setting. The Depression Guideline Measure (DGM) is based on three national guidelines. The DGM was used to review medical records of 111 patients with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) scores ≥10. Interrater reliability for 15 of 19 DGM checklist items was excellent (κ > 0.75). There was a broad range of adherence to guideline criteria: only 13.5% of patients were contacted for follow-up within 2 weeks, while 100% of providers documented follow-up plans. Forty percent of patients saw mental health providers, and 63% were prescribed antidepressants. A secondary objective of the study was to explore the relationship between guideline adherence and changes in PHQ scores. Among 51 patients who completed follow-up PHQs, no associations were detected. The results suggest that the DGM shows promise as a reliable measure of guideline adherence and that guideline criteria are frequently not met in busy primary care clinics. More research is needed to determine the validity of the DGM and the impact of guideline adherence on depression outcomes.
Duplicated pituitary gland and odontoid process. A case report.

The development of the pituitary gland is not well understood, but duplication of the gland, a rare embryonic anomaly, may shed some light on the process. Since 1880 only about 40 cases have been described. A 56-year-old woman complained of chronic bilateral upper extremity paresthesia and numbness along her first three fingers relieved by rest and exacerbated by increased activity. Magnetic resonance imaging of her head and neck showed an incidental discovery of a duplication of the pituitary infundibulum and pituitary fossa. Computed tomography of the neck showed congenital fusion of C2 with C3, C4 with C5, C1 with the occipital bone, and a duplication of the odontoid process. Her physical examination and all laboratory data were negative. Only seven patients with a pituitary duplication have ever survived beyond puberty. While all of these patients had normal mental capabilities, they also all had obvious craniofacial malformations. Unlike our patient, all other reported cases of duplicated pituitaries...
Involuntary unemployment in economies with efficient risk sharing

Abstract We study economies where ‘employment lotteries’ determine random layoffs, and incomes for employed and unemployed agents allocate risk efficiently. We ask, for which specifications are unemployed agents worse off, a situation we call involuntary unemployment. We show unemployed agents are worse off iff an exogenous increase in wealth decreases aggregate unemployment. In a monetary economy, we show that in equilibrium the unemployed are worse off iff high inflation implies high unemployment. Our model also generates nominal wage stickiness as an equilibrium phenomenon. But neither involuntary unemployment nor nominal stickiness implies these economies are operating inefficiently or are out of equilibrium.
ARMs and the demand for housing

Abstract This paper estimates the effect of a borrower's mortgage type (ARM or FRM) on housing demand. A two-stage procedure is used wherein a probit mortgage choice equation is first estimated and predicted choice probabilities from this equation are then used to modify the choice-dependent interest-cost measures in the demand equation (the modified equation is then consistently estimated by OLS). The empirical results give answers to the following questions: Do ARM borrowers consider future ARM rates in formulating their housing demands? Are the housing demands of ARM borrowers more or less sensitive than those of FRM borrowers to an increase in the (initial) mortgage rate? Do ARM borrowers demand more or less housing than FRM borrowers at typical interest rates? What is the effect on aggregate housing demand of changes in the ARM share over the interest-rate cycle?
Can familial factors account for the association of body mass index with poor mental health in men or women

Abstract Objective This study examined if associations between body mass index (BMI) and mental and physical health were independent of genetic and familial factors. Method Data from 2831 twins (66% female) were used in an epidemiological co-twin control design with measures of BMI and mental and physical health outcomes. Generalized estimating equation regressions assessed relationships between BMI and health outcomes controlling for interdependency among twins and demographics. Within-pair regression analyses examined the association of BMI with health outcomes controlling for genetic and familial influences. Results Adjusted analyses with individual twins found associations in women between BMI and perceived stress ( P =.01) and depression ( P =.002), and the link between BMI and depression ( P =.03) was significant in men. All physical health outcomes were significantly related to BMI. Once genetic and familial factors were taken into account, mental health outcomes were no longer significantly associated with BMI. BMI in women remained related to ratings of physical health ( P =.01) and body pain ( P =.004), independent of genetic and familial influences. Conclusion These findings suggest that genetic and familial factors may account for the relationship between increased weight and poor mental health.
Maximum Power Extraction From a Hot Stream in the Presence of Phase Change Under Limiting Collecting Temperatures

In this paper we consider the fundamental problem of maximizing the power extraction from a hot stream when the collecting stream experiences a phase change and there are limits imposed by the materials on the operating temperatures. It constitutes an extension of [4] where it was pointed out the existence of an optimal mass flow rate ratio of the hot stream to the collecting stream. In this work, we study the effects of the restrictions imposed by limiting temperatures on the spatial configuration, power extraction and the optimal matching of the two streams. An optimal hot-stream-to-collecting-stream mass flow rate ratio can be found when the collecting stream experiences a phase change while in contact with the hottest section of the hot stream. Associated to the optimal mass flow rate ratio there is also an optimal heat exchanger area allocation. The effects of several operating parameters on the optimal configuration are documented. This paper constitutes an illustration of how thermodynamic optimization leads to the discovery of system structure (constructal theory [1]).Copyright © 2004 by ASME
FTY720-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Electrospun Scaffold Significantly Increases Microvessel Density over 7 Days in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic C57b16/J Mice: Preliminary Results

Background. Nanofiber scaffolds could improve islet transplant success by physically mimicking the shape of extracellular matrix and by acting as a drug-delivery vehicle. Scaffolds implanted in alternate transplant sites must be prevascularized or very quickly vascularized following transplantation to prevent hypoxia-induced islet necrosis. The local release of the S1P prodrug FTY720 induces diameter enlargement and increases in length density. The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate length and diameter differences between diabetic and nondiabetic animals implanted with FTY720-containing electrospun scaffolds using intravital imaging of dorsal skinfold window chambers. Methods. Electrospun mats of randomly oriented fibers we created from polymer solutions of PLAGA (50:50 LA:GA) with and without FTY720 loaded at a ratio of 1:200 (FTY720:PLAGA by wt). The implanted fiber mats were 4 mm in diameter and 0.2 mm thick. Increases in length density and vessel diameter were assessed by automated analysis of images over 7 days in RAVE, a Matlab program. Results. Image analysis of repeated measures of microvessel metrics demonstrated a significant increase in the length density from day 0 to day 7 in the moderately diabetic animals of this preliminary study (P .05). Furthermore, significant differences in length density at day 0 and day 3 were found between recently STZ-induced moderately diabetic and nondiabetic animals in response to FTY720 local release (P .05, Student t test). Conclusions. Driving the islet revascularization process using local release of factors, such as FTY720, from biodegradable polymers makes an attractive system for the improvement of islet transplant success. Preliminary study results suggest that a recently induced moderately diabetic state may potentiate the mechanism by which local release of FTY720 from polymer fibers increases length density of microvessels. Therefore, local release of S1P receptor‐targeted drugs is under further investigation for improvement of transplanted islet function.
Individual differences in the visual attention of human infants: Further evidence for separate sensitization and habituation processes

How many and what kinds of processes mediate infant visual attention? Are they influenced by stimulus "complexity?" Analyses were performed on visual fixation data from ninety 4-month-old infants; the time each infant spent looking at a black and white checkerboard pattern containing either 4 x 4, 12 x 12, or 20 x 20 checks per picture was measured for eight 10-s trials, with 10-s interstimulus intervals (Kaplan & Werner, 1986). Correlational and factor analyses revealed one significant source of individual variability (or factor) in the 4 x 4 data, and two significant sources in the 12 x 12 and 20 x 20 data. One factor gained strength over progressive trials and accounted for decreases in looking time. A second factor gained strength over the first few trials, then lost strength over the remaining trials, and accounted for initial increments in looking time. The two factors are consistent with a dual-process model of infant response dynamics; the first may represent habituation, a decremental process, and the second may represent sensitization, an incremental process that is activated by "complex" stimuli.
A Note on the Estimation of Coverage Errors in Demographic Data

A simple formula for the lower bound of coverage errors in demographic data is obtained. The formula is derived under general assumptions, the validity of which is discussed. Three numerical examples are given.
Injection molding using high-aspect-ratio microstructure mold inserts produced by LIGA technique

The (mu) SET research group at LSU is developing the three-step LIGA process to inexpensively manufacture high aspect ratio microstructure (HARMs). The first two steps of the process (lithography and electroplating) produce a metallic mold insert that is used as a template for molding microstructure. This paper focuses on injection molding of thermoplastics to produce surfaces covered with HARMs hundreds of micrometers in height, tens of micrometers in width, and separated by gaps on the order of tens of micrometers. Injecting plastic into the narrow, high aspect ratio gaps existing in the HARMs mold inserts (micromolding) offers a set of challenges different from classical injection molding of larger scale parts. This paper provides results of a series of injection molding experiments using a commercially available injection molding machine. Replication of the HARMs was achieved by increasing the injection speed, elevating the tool temperature, and venting the mold cavity. Electron microscopy was used to investigate and assess the molding results.
Dual energy detection of weapons of mass destruction

There is continuing plans and actions from terrorists to use "violence to inculcate fear with intent to coerce or try to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or ideological." (Joint Pub 3-07.2) One can characterize the types of attacks and plan to interdict terrorist actions before they become crises. This paper focuses on Radiological (RDD) and Nuclear (WMD) threats. The X-ray inspection process and the use of dual-energy imaging will interdict materials for WMDs. Listed herewith is "several major characteristics that one can exploit for the detection. First, both WMDs and RDDs are radioactive. Therefore, one can hope to detect radiation coming from the containers to identify the threat. However since uranium and plutonium are largely self-shielding and since lead can be used to shield and hide these substances, passive detection of emitted radiation can be easily defeated. An important second characteristic is that WMDs and shielded dirty bombs contain materials with very high atomic numbers. Since normal commerce rarely contains materials with atomic numbers higher than that of iron, dual-energy imaging technology can detect such materials automatically, for the successful interdiction of WMDs and dirty bombs". (Bjorkolm 2005)
Resonant two-magnon Raman scattering in cuprate antiferromagnetic insulators

We present results of low-temperature two-magnon resonance Raman excitation profile measurements for single-layer ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ and bilayer $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ antiferromagnets over the excitation region from 1.65 to 3.05 eV. These data reveal composite structure of the two-magnon line shape and strong nonmonotic dependence of the scattering intensity on excitation energy. We analyze these data using the triple resonance theory of Chubukov and Frenkel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3057 (1995)] and deduce information about magnetic interaction and band parameters in these materials.
Some comments on models for evaluation of catalyst effectiveness factors in trickle-bed reactors

Abstract The result presented here illustrate that modified modulus, Λ, brings together the values for effectiveness factor for various particle shapes even f
Mechanisms by which flavonol aglycones inhibit lipid oxidation better than glycosylated flavonols in comminuted muscle tissue.

Abstract The effect of glycosylation on the ability of flavonoids to inhibit lipid oxidation in comminuted muscle tissue has not been previously examined. This work examined the ability of quercetin and quercetin-β- d -glucoside to inhibit lipid oxidation in mechanically separated turkey (MST). Quercetin inhibited formation of lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) more effectively compared to quercetin-β- d -glucoside during frozen storage ( p 0.05). The possible mechanisms that cause glycosylation to decrease inhibition of lipid oxidation were also examined. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was similar when comparing quercetin and quercetin-β- d -glucoside, which indicated that the free hydroxyl group in 3 position of C ring in quercetin did not enhance its hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. Since muscle membrane lipids are susceptible to lipid oxidation, the ability of quercetin and quercetin-β- d -glucoside to incorporate into cellular membranes was studied. After adding quercetin and quercetin-β- d -glucoside to minced chicken muscle, flavonol content in the membrane fraction was determined. Around 32% of added quercetin partitioned into the membranes whereas quercetin-β- d -glucoside was not detected in the membranes. Similar trends were observed when each flavonol was added to isolated membranes. These studies suggest that glycosylation of flavonols weakens their ability to inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle tissue partly by decreasing the amount of flavonols in the membrane phase. In order to understand whether metal chelation by flavonols is a likely mechanism involved in the inhibition of lipid oxidation in MST, the role of endogenous metals in promoting lipid oxidation was examined. Addition of the metal chelators ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) to MST did not inhibit lipid oxidation, which suggests that endogenous metals present in MST were not promoters of lipid oxidation. Hence it seems unlikely that the mechanism of inhibition by flavonols involved metal chelation in the comminuted muscle.
Cucurbit potyvirus transmission by alate aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) trapped alive.

In a 3-year field study in cucurbits infected with potyviruses, alate aphids trapped alive on a vertical screen or in horizontal suction or yellow-pan traps were tested individually on virus-susceptible plants for virus (natural) infectivity. Trap types differed in effectiveness for trapping some aphid species. Of 40 species of aphids tested for natural infectivity, 4 transmitted virus: Aphis citricola Van der Goot, A. middletonii (Thomas), A. illinoisensis Shimer, and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Of these, 92.0% of all infective aphids were either A. citricola (52.0%) or A. middletonii (40.0%). In another study, 7 of 23 species of aphids trapped alive where there were no infected cucurbits, and fed on sources of watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) or zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in the laboratory, transmitted the virus. Of these transmissions, 93.1% were by three species: A. citricola (48.3%), A. middletonii (27.6%), or M. persicae (17.2%). Their efficiency rates were 18.3, 30.8, and 23.8%, respectively. Average rate of transmission of WMV-2 was 9.7% and of ZYMV was 21.4%.
Adlerian Marital Therapy Strategies with Middle Income Couples Facing Financial Stress.

Abstract This article describes the impact of economic stressors and discusses how Adlerian marital therapy strategies can be tailored to help middle-income couples deal with such stressors.
Second trimester amniocentesis in assisted conception versus spontaneously conceived twins

Objective To compare the outcome of amniocentesis in twins conceived with assisted reproduction technology (ART) versus spontaneously conceived twins. Design Retrospective analysis of case records between 1993 and 2006. Setting University-affiliated tertiary center for fetal medicine. Patient(s) 167 ART twin pregnancies and 275 spontaneous twin pregnancies. Intervention(s) Genetic amniocentesis. Main Outcome Measure(s) Comparison of pregnancy loss rate and perinatal outcome between the ART and spontaneous twin-pregnancy groups. Result(s) The fetal loss rate was similar between the two groups (4.2% vs. 4.0% in the ART twins and spontaneous twins, respectively), although the interval between amniocentesis to miscarriage was statistically significantly shorter in the ART twins than the spontaneous twins (6.2 and 20.1 days, respectively). In all cases, fetal loss refers to the loss of the entire pregnancy. The preterm delivery rate before 37 weeks was statistically significantly higher in the ART group (64.1%) compared with controls (49.5%). Conclusion(s) Amniocentesis in ART twins carries a fetal loss rate similar to spontaneous twins. However, ART twins have a statistically significantly increased risk of preterm delivery especially before 32 weeks' gestation.
Development of a machine vision system for education

Abstract This paper discusses the development of a software-flexible, hardware-economical, modular machine vision system for education. The purpose of this development was to avoid major capital investment for the purchase of machine vision equipment and to eliminate extensive software development when machine vision technology advances. A description of the hardware components and software architecture is given, followed by three examples of how this system can be used. The limitations of the system are also discussed.