cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloning and functional expression of an MIP (AQP0) homolog from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) lens.

The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of lens fiber cells is a member of the aquaporin (AQP) water channel family. The protein is expressed at very high levels in lens fiber cells, but its physiologica...
Optimization of an IEC Fusion Device to Increase Steady-State D-D Neutron Generation Rates

The University of Wisconsin-Madison Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion Research Group has been performing experiments on an IEC device known as HOMER. This device is a 65cm high, 91cm diameter cylindrical aluminum vacuum chamber that contains two concentric spherical wire grids, the outer grid acting as the anode and the inner grid as the cathode. The potential difference between the anode and cathode drives ions towards the center of the grids. Using this device, steady-state D-D fusion reactions are created in order to produce 2.45 MeV neutrons. With the goal of achieving maximum neutron production rates, the following parameters have been varied: cathode voltage, ion current, operating pressure, and the separation distance between the anode and cathode. The studies on pressure, voltage, and current have led to the discovery of trends that allow for the extrapolation of neutron rates at various conditions. The cathode/anode separation studies have offered valuable insight into how the distance between the electrodes effects the concentration of deuterium molecular ions and the ion energy spectra, and has led to the implementation of a configuration that better maximizes neutron production rates.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Self-management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Paradigm Shift

Conventional lifestyle modification for type 2 diabetes involves 7% weight loss, avoidance of high-energy foods, and 150 min of weekly exercise (1). Although effective at preventing and treating diabetes, this approach is not appropriate for those who do not need or want to lose weight or who cannot maintain weight loss. An alternative may be to target postprandial glucose (PPG), the major contributor to HbA1c (2). The GEM (glycemic load, exercise, and monitoring blood glucose) lifestyle modification program focuses on diminishing PPG by selecting low–glycemic load foods to prevent PPG spikes, reducing PPG with postprandial exercise, and using systematic self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Systematic SMBG educates individuals about the impact of different foods and physical activities on PPG, activates them to take action when glucose is outside of desired limits, and motivates them to repeat choices that produce desired glucose levels. Therefore, GEM represents a paradigm shift from reducing insulin resistance through reducing fat to reducing …
Mono- and disaccharides in growth of Lactobacillus bifidus and its mutants.

Summary1. Lactobacillus bifidus utilizes the disaccharides lactose and maltose, but not sucrose, more readily than the monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. The reverse is true of straight rod variants of L. bifidus. Several strains of L. acidophilus utilize glucose or lactose equally well or use glucose more readily. 2. During growth of L. bifidus on lactose, glucose and galactose accumulated in the medium. The straight rod mutant of L. bifidus, on the other hand, utilizes lactose completely.
Abstract LB-475: 3′UTR polymorphisms affect expression and activity of IGF1R, a therapeutic target in pediatric neuroblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL For patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) survival remains below 40%, and survivors suffer from life-long treatment-related disabilities. This necessitates the development of oncogene-specific targeted therapies. We and others observed that small-molecule inhibitors of IGF1R exhibit anti-proliferative effects against NB cells in vitro and in vivo. Yet given the apparent lack of somatic mutations in the IGF1R gene, it remains to be determined what subset of NB patients would benefit from this approach. We hypothesized that IGF1R expression could be affected by alterations in the 3′UTR that prevent binding by microRNAs. Indeed, as evidenced by cancer gene sequencing data on 188 primary high-risk NBs, IGF1R was the gene by far most frequently affected by 3′UTR alterations. We initially focused on the genetic variant rs3833015, a small 2-nt deletion found in ∼50% of NB patients and overlapping with the putative miR-140 binding site. The positive effects of this 3′UTR variant on IGF1R expression were established using luciferase sensor assays, immunoblotting on commonly available NB cell lines, and transcriptome profiling of 28 primary neuroblastomas using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Additional 3′UTR variants that affect IGF1R expression and map in the proximity of miR-binding sites were identified using Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis. Our experimental data lead us to postulate that rs3833015 and other IGF1R 3′UTR variants help sustain IGF1 signaling, resulting in the “addiction” to this survival pathway and increased sensitivity to small-molecule IGF1R inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-475. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-475
Analysis of the quality of iodized salt and the iodine nutrition status in different groups of population in Fujian province in 2011

Objective To investigate iodine nutrition status in different groups of population before the adjustment of salt iodine content in Fujian province,in order to provide the basis for the further assessment about the adjustment effect.Methods In 2011,in 84 counties,chose a certain percentage of the township in every county at random according to the five directions of the site of the east,west,south,north and middle,then monitored salt iodine content at household;selected 5 townships in every county,then chose 20 8-10-year-old children in each township to detect their urinary iodine.After that,chose 30 counties by means of PPS,3 townships out of every county,then selected 5 pregnant,5 lactating women in every township to detect their urinary iodine.Results Monitored 24 277 salt samples totally in the province,and the median iodine content of salt was 28.93 mg/kg,and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 96.96%,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.21%,the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.73%.The median urine iodine of 8-10-year-old children in 8 440 urinary samples was 192.0 μg/L,and the median urinary iodine of children in inland areas was higher than that in coastal areas.The median urinary iodine of pregnant was 147.2 μg/L which was less than the standard 150～249 μg/L recommended by WHO.The median urinary iodine of lactating women was 134.1 μg/L,reaching the standard 100 μg/L recommended by WHO.Conclusion Under present iodine content of salt the iodine nutritional levels of residents in Fujian is suitable,and iodine excess does not exist.We should concern about the status of iodine nutrition of pregnant women.
The application and analysis of fire protection of structural steel

With further reform opening and social economic development,more and more buildings,especially super-tall buildings and big span ones,are all used steel structure in great quantities.However,the fatal weakness of steel structure,low refractory limit,restrict its development.In order to meet the application requirement of steel structure,we must carry on fire prevention to improve refractory limit,which will make steel structure exert it's advantage in all kinds of construction works.So,the present situation,the advantages and defects,the fire protection methods of steel structure,also the application and prospect of fire retardant coating,are analyzed in this paper.
Theory and application of laser ultrasonic shear wave birefringence measurements to the determination of microstructure orientation in transversely isotropic, polycrystalline graphite materials

Abstract Laser ultrasonic line source methods have been used to study elastic anisotropy in nuclear graphites by measuring shear wave birefringence. Depending on the manufacturing processes used during production, nuclear graphites can exhibit various degrees of material anisotropy related to preferred crystallite orientation and to microcracking. In this study, laser ultrasonic line source measurements of shear wave birefringence on NBG-25 have been performed to assess elastic anisotropy. Laser line sources allow specific polarizations for shear waves to be transmitted – the corresponding wavespeeds can be used to compute bulk, elastic moduli that serve to quantify anisotropy. These modulus values can be interpreted using physical property models based on orientation distribution coefficients and microcrack-modified, single crystal moduli to represent the combined effects of crystallite orientation and microcracking on material anisotropy. Ultrasonic results are compared to and contrasted with measurements of anisotropy based on the coefficient of thermal expansion to show the relationship of results from these techniques.
The importance of topographically corrected null models for analyzing ecological point processes

Analyses of point process patterns and related techniques (e.g., MaxEnt) make use of the expected number of occurrences per unit area and second-order statistics based on the distance between occurrences. Ecologists working with point process data often assume that points exist on a two-dimensional x–y plane or within a three-dimensional volume, when in fact many observed point patterns are generated on a two-dimensional surface existing within three-dimensional space. For many surfaces, however, such as the topography of landscapes, the projection from the surface to the x–y plane preserves neither area nor distance. As such, when these point patterns are implicitly projected to and analyzed in the x–y plane, our expectations of the point pattern's statistical properties may not be met. When used in hypothesis testing, we find that the failure to account for the topography of the generating surface may bias statistical tests that incorrectly identify clustering and, furthermore, may bias coefficients in inhomogeneous point process models that incorporate slope as a covariate. We demonstrate the circumstances under which this bias is significant, and present simple methods that allow point processes to be simulated with corrections for topography. These point patterns can then be used to generate “topographically corrected” null models against which observed point processes can be compared.
Ion channels and neuronal hyperexcitability in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; cause and effect?

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is a major global health burden. Significant improvements in survival have been achieved, due in part to advances in adjuvant antineoplastic chemotherapy. The most commonly used antineoplastics belong to the taxane, platinum, and vinca alkaloid families. While beneficial, these agents are frequently accompanied by severe side effects, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CPIN). While CPIN affects both motor and sensory systems, the majority of symptoms are sensory, with pain, tingling, and numbness being the predominant complaints. CPIN not only decreases the quality of life of cancer survivors but also can lead to discontinuation of treatment, thereby adversely affecting survival. Consequently, minimizing the incidence or severity of CPIN is highly desirable, but strategies to prevent and/or treat CIPN have proven elusive. One difficulty in achieving this goal arises from the fact that the molecular and cellular mechanisms that pr...
Analysis of Different Base Models and Methods of Site Model Derivation for Scots Pine

Using an example of averaged growth series data of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), we examine several approaches to site-dependent height-age model derivation. We consider several renowned base models (two-dimensional equations, such as Y f(t)) and derive from them anamorphic and polymorphic dynamic site equations (three-dimensional site-height-age models, such as Y f(t, t0, y0)) of different complexities. The considered base models were selected previously as suitable for Scots pine in other studies, and are different variations of exponential and fractional functions. We compare all of the base models fit to individual site classes and the derived base-age invariant anamorphic and polymorphic dynamic site equations fit to all sites pooled together. All the fits of site equations to the pooled data from different site productivity series were based on base-age invariant stochastic regressions, in which the global model parameters that are common to all data are estimated simultaneously with the site effects unique for each site productivity series. The results show that: (1) choice of definition describing changes across site qualities may be more important than the choice of base equation defining changes over time; (2) a base model with high cost of deriving self-referencing function may sometimes be better than a base model with low cost of deriving the self-referencing function; and (3) superior base models may not produce superior anamorphic or simple polymorphic site models, but can produce superior advanced polymorphic site models, which can describe the growth patterns in data better than either anamorphic or simple polymorphic models. FOR .S CI. 52(2):187-197.
Abstract TP429: Early Oral Anticoagulation After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Uncertainty exists as to the optimum interval for initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Randomized clinical trials of novel oral anticoagulants excluded patients with AIS within 7-14 days. We sought to identify patients at low risk for early initiation of OAC after AIS. Hypothesis: The benefit of starting OAC within 2 days to prevent recurrent AIS outweighs the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in select patients. Methods: Following IRB approval, we completed a retrospective review of patients from the Cleveland Clinic from 2012-2014 with AIS, AF, and at least 1 follow up visit. In addition to demographic and medical history, acute infarct volume on imaging, presence of HT on imaging prior to OAC, timing and type of oral anticoagulation, and ischemic and hemorrhagic complications were noted. Early OAC was defined as starting within 48 hours after stroke onset, and late OAC was thereafter. The two groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test for categorical and Wilcoxon Rank Sum for numeric variables. Results: One hundred patients (median age 76, interquartile range 66-84) met our study criteria. Thirty-one patients were started on OAC within 2 days vs 53 patients after 2 days (median 1 days vs median 11 days). Compared to patients started on OAC after 2 days, those who initiated OAC within 2 days had significantly lower infarct volume (median 3.35 ml vs median 9.8 ml; p Conclusions: Our results suggest the safety of early initiation of OAC with 2 days in an appropriately selected population of patients with AIS, who have small infarct volumes, mild stroke severity, and lack of HT.
Complexity analysis of two-pass algorithm and elliptical weighted average filter for VLSI implementation of perspective texture warping

In this paper we present the Elliptical Weighted Average filtering algorithm and an optimized implementation of a two- pass algorithm and used in digital image and video warping. Two-pass algorithms are well suited for hardware implementation due to their reduced complexity in using 1-D re-sampling and anti-aliasing filters. But, the primary disadvantage is the need for a large buffer to store the temporary image since warping is performed in two passes. The size of the temporary buffer is equal to or greater than the size of the input image. A dedicated, hardware, implementation for this algorithm implies huge cost in terms of real estate on chip. In our approach, Wolberg-Boult's resampling algorithm is modified to use only two rows of temporary buffer thereby making the algorithm more amenable for hardware implementation. We present the complexity analysis based on number of arithmetic and logic operations (add, shift, compare, multiply, clip and divide) per macroblock. In the case of EWA filters, it is the most cost-effective high- quality filtering method because point inclusion testing can be done with one function evaluation and the filter weights can be stored in lookup tables for reduction in computation. For mapping the quadrilaterals, four equations were needed for the four lines of the quadrilaterals, which was computationally complex, wherein the computational cost was directly proportional to the number of input pixels accessed. Also we present the complexity analysis per macroblock.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Remote Damage Detection of Rotating Machinery

Condition-based monitoring (CBM) is a method of damage detection that actively monitors continuously operating machines to identify the earliest signs of deteriorating performance. There are many accepted methods of CBM, however this paper focuses on remote sensing of the vibration signatures of rotating machinery, e.g. an AC motor. Traditionally, vibration-based CBM requires accelerometers to be mounted directly on the machinery of interest; however, certain operating conditions may prevent such direct accelerometer access. This research aims to understand how to improve upon existing CBM methods by developing a transfer function which accounts for the propagation environment between the machinery of interest and an accelerometer placed some distance away, and then use this transfer function to perform damage detection. By taking baseline measurements at the start of the life on an AC motor as well as a spatially separated location, a transfer function between the two measurements can be developed in a similar fashion to a frequency response function. Using the developed transfer function and spectral analysis, remote measurements can then be used to reconstruct the vibration signatures at the motor. Furthermore, it will be shown that using this transfer function improves performance of a damage detector using a matched filter. These methods were tested using a motor mounted to a plate that is mounted on a wooden table as well as with a characterization motor loosely mounted on compliant padding. Also discussed are the damage detection results, as evidenced by the improvement in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of four damage modes, showing that capturing the propagation environment through the transfer function improves remote damage detection performance.
Anesthesia for Bariatric Surgery: What a Surgeon Needs to Know

With the continuing success of bariatric surgery, laparoscopic bariatric procedures are becoming the standard of care for treatment of morbid obesity. Morbid obesity surgical procedures make up 1% to 2% of anesthetic practice. This chapter reviews the factors that are relevant to the perioperative care of these patients.
Axially Symmetric Flow

Perhaps the most basic, and consequently the most important, particular case of a spatial flow is an axially symmetric spatial flow, as for example flow past bodies of revolution. Let x, r, χ denote the cylindrical coordinates with the x-axis coincident with the axis of symmetry of the flow. The velocity vector then no longer depends on the rotation angle χ, but rather entirely on x and r, and always lies in a meridian plane (plane through the x-axis). As a result, the flow in all meridian planes is the same, and needs to be studied only in a given meridian plane. Below we shall apply the hodograph transformation. Thus, x, r denote the cylindrical coordinates in the physical plane in which the flow actually takes place, whereas the corresponding velocity components, u, v, determine the cylindrical coordinates in the hodograph plane. The velocity potential equation of an axially symmetric flow in the physical plane has the form: $$ \phi _{xx} (1 - \phi x^2 /a^2 ) + \phi _{rr} (1 - \phi r^2 /a^2 ) - 2\phi _{xr} \frac{{\phi _x \phi _r }} {{a^2 }} + \phi _r /r = 0, $$ (5.1.0) where φ is the velocity potential and the subscripts denote partial differentiation. As is known, the following relations hold: u = φ x , v = φ r . When transforming this equation into the hodograph plane, we introduce a new function Φ connected with φ by means of the formula: $$ \Phi = x\phi _x + r\phi _r - \phi . $$ (5.1.1)
Why Shouldn't I be Allowed to Leave My Property to Whomever I Choose at My Death? (Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Start Loving the French)

This article analyzes whether the ancient common law concepts of dower and curtesy, and their modern day statutory equivalents - the elective share laws - should be substantially modified or eliminated. In modern America, forty-nine of the fifty states and the District of Columbia severely limit freedom of testation vis-a-vis surviving spouses. If, as a policymaker, one believes the marital partnership theory of marriage to be gospel, then by goodness change to community property and be done with it. Do not, as many states have done, choose separate property (an inherently non-partnership, eat-what-you-kill, philosophy) and then try to graft some back-end sorry excuse for community property at death. But if you truly believe, as I think many well-intentioned people do, that this is America, and we have a long tradition of property and testator freedom, then keep your separate property system and completely eliminate your elective share law. Those are really the only two options that have internally consistent logic. If you eliminate the elective share laws, the sky will not fall. They have been doing it for decades in Georgia and all the empirical evidence shows that things are working just fine thank you. The fact that the privileged can pay their way out of any elective share law - by some estate planning technique or by moving money offshore - and the less financially fortunate cannot, is a real injustice that must be rectified. Let us eliminate the elective share laws for all, not just the well-to-do. The elective share laws are terribly demeaning and paternalistic to women. Male dominated legislatures, though, continue to perpetuate belittling female stereotypes by saying through elective share laws that women are so incompetent and unable to stand up for themselves that the "little missies" still must be protected by some ancient magical sword. With literally every single disinheritance study showing de minimis rates of disinheritances that are not agreed to by the spouse, elective share laws seem like some ridiculous school child's Rube Goldberg machine trying to solve in as complex a manner as humanly possible a problem that really does not exist. Every few years, mostly male law professors huddle to build a better mousetrap to keep their evil male counterparts from doing something they have little or no desire or motivation to do, and in the process precious freedom - for both men and women - loses out.
Writing, sharing, and healing: the interplay of literacy in the healing journey of the recovering from substance abuse

This paper explores the role of literacy in the lives of women who are recovering from substance abuse. It discusses the work and products of a one-year literacy workshop in which participants were...
HPV status predicts for improved survival following chemotherapy in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx

Abstract Objective We sought to further define prognostic and predictive value of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPC). Materials and methods A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results custom database identified 5940 adult patients, >18-years-old, with primary SCCHN and known HPV status, diagnosed from 2013 to 2014. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests compared distributions of continuous and categorical covariates. Fine-Gray competing risks regressions estimated hazard ratios by HPV status, and predictive analyses were performed including the interaction term HPV status × Receipt of Chemotherapy. Results 182 of 5940 patients (4.0%) had metastatic OPC at diagnosis (106/3925 [2.7%] HPV+ and 76/1894 [4.0%] HPV−). HPV+ disease was prognostic for improved 20-month cancer-specific mortality (CSM) (47.1% vs 72.5%, HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26–0.74, p = 0.002) on univariable analysis. HPV status was predictive of response to chemotherapy—adjusted HRs for receipt of chemotherapy were 0.11 (95% CI 0.03–0.37) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.18–0.64) for HPV+ versus HPV− disease, respectively (PHPV status∗Chemotherapy = 0.036). Conclusion HPV status has known prognostic value in locally advanced OPC, but data on metastatic OPC are sparse. In this work, we demonstrate that HPV status is strongly prognostic for CSM in metastatic OPC and show for the first time that HPV status predicts for response to chemotherapy.
A CURIOUS CASE OF THE DILATED HEART: A CASE OF REVERSIBLE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY DUE TO SEVERE HYPOTHYROIDISM CAUSED BY HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS

Dilated cardiomyopathy has varied etiology. Here we present a case of severe hypothyroidism presenting as reversible dilated cardiomyopathy. 64 yo African American female was referred to us for consideration for advanced heart failure therapies. She was in her usual state of health until 4 months
RASopathy in Patients With Isolated Sagittal Synostosis

RASopathy is caused by dysfunction in the MAPK pathway, and include syndromes like Noonan syndrome (NS), NS with multiple lentigines (formerly known as Leopard syndrome), cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC)...
A Cationic Silver Pyrazine Coordination Polymer with High Capacity Anion Uptake from Water

We report the first example of linker modification for an N-donor Ag-based cationic material while maintaining and in some cases increasing the anion exchange capacity. Cationic silver(I) pyrazine nitrate selectively traps harmful oxo-anions from water such as permanganate, perrhenate and a variety of α,ω-alkanedicarboxylates. We chose these anions as initial examples of exchange for potential water purification. The host-guest interaction between the cationic layers of π-stacked silver pyrazine polymers and the incoming/outgoing interlamellar anions allows for the exchange. The exchange capacity over 24 h reached 435 and 818 mg/g for permanganate and perrhenate, respectively, a record for a crystalline metal-organic material and over five times the exchange capacity compared to commercial resin. The material also undergoes organic exchange as an analog for pharmaceutical waste, some of which have a carboxylate functionality at the neutral pH range typical of natural water sources. Both the as-synthesized and exchanged materials are characterized by a variety of analytical techniques.
Use of Language-Learning Apps as a Tool for Foreign Language Acquisition by Academic Libraries Employees

Language-learning apps are becoming prominent tools for self-learners. This article investigates whether librarians and employees of academic libraries have used them and whether the content of these language-learning apps supports foreign language knowledge needed to fulfill library-related tasks. The research is based on a survey sent to librarians and employees of the University Libraries of the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB), two professional library organizations, and randomly selected employees of 74 university libraries around the United States. The results reveal that librarians and employees of academic libraries have used language-learning apps. However, there is an unmet need for language-learning apps that cover broader content including reading comprehension and other foreign language skills suitable for academic library work.
Thoughtful Films, Thoughtful Fictions: The Philosophical Terrain Between Illustrations and Thought Experiments

Many philosophers maintain that works of art, in particular films and novels, cannot function as thought experiments. Most who claim this make their case by setting the bar for what can count as a philosophical thought experiment very high. It is argued here not that these positions are necessarily mistaken, but that there is a large gray area that is seldom acknowledged between what counts as a philosophical thought experiment narrowly defined and what counts as “being used to illustrate a philosophical point,” where the fiction is imported into an already complete external argument. I contend that these are not the only alternatives available, that intuition pumps and variant case arguments provide better grounds for comparison than has been acknowledged, and that there are uses to which filmic illustrations in particular may be put that make distinctive and cognitive contributions of their own. In the course of making this case, it is stressed both that emotional response has clearly cognitive aspects and that many thought experiments with lower stakes rely on eliciting emotional response.
Academic library guides for tackling fake news: A content analysis

Abstract Built on a pilot study, this study examined how librarians understand fake news and the specific methods or strategies they suggest for detecting fake news by analyzing their guides from academic libraries. A content analysis regarding a total of 21 institutional guides was conducted. The major findings include the following: 1) in the librarians' guides stating their definition of fake news, the two elements of falsity and the intention to mislead were explicitly stated. The other element of bias, however, was presented in only some guides. 2) The sub-elements of clickbait, a decontextualized content and omitted information were inconsistently or barely presented across these guides. 3) Only two institutional libraries put forth the notion of fact in relation to fake news in their guides. 4) All of the guides suggested checklist approaches to detecting fake news or evaluating news sources. Finally, 5) librarians acknowledge the influence of human biases on consuming news. However, psychological factors are minimally presented in most of the guides. This study provides a few suggestions. First, librarians must further clarify the term fake news so that it reflects its multiple layers. Second, librarians must incorporate new strategies, such as lateral reading and click restraints, in combination with a few prioritized elements of a checklist into their guides regarding detecting fake news. Finally, librarians must pay attention to psychological factors more when interpreting facts in their strategies about news sources and fake news.
Endoderm Nitric Oxide Signals to Regulate Nascent Development of Cardiac Progenitors in Chicken Embryos

Abstract Heart development in the chicken embryo is regulated by a concert of cardiogenic morphogens and signaling molecules, but the physiological signal molecule nitric oxide(NO) has not been studied in the context of heart formation. A dynamic investigation of endoderm NO formation demonstrates for the first time a correlation with the established development events of the cardiac heart fields and heart tube. Manipulation of endoderm NO signaling demonstrate a role of NO signaling in the differentiation and proliferation of cardiac progenitors for heart tube formation and cardiac heart field development. To investigate NO in the proliferation of myocardial cells in the heart tube embryos, a computer vision based artificial intelligence approach is followed to automate the long and tedious job of counting cells in a large image dataset. We document NO as an important signaling molecule in the regulation of nascent embryonic cardiogenesis whose effects on other early cardiogenic morphogens is unknown.
In-hospital outcomes of angiography versus intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients

We compared the in-hospital complications, outcomes, cost, and length of stay (LOS) between angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PC...
Deep learning analysis of deeply virtual exclusive photoproduction

We present a machine learning based approach to the cross section and asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering from an unpolarized proton target using both an unpolarized and polarized electron beam. Machine learning methods are needed to study and eventually interpret the outcome of deeply virtual exclusive experiments since these reactions are characterized by a complex final state with a larger number of kinematic variables and observables, exponentially increasing the difficulty of quantitative analyses. Our deep neural network (FemtoNet) uncovers emergent features in the data and learns an accurate approximation of the cross section that outperforms standard baselines. FemtoNet reveals that the predictions in the unpolarized case systematically show a smaller relative median error than the polarized that can be ascribed to the presence of the Bethe-Heitler process. It also suggests that the $t$ dependence can be more easily extrapolated than for the other variables, namely the skewness, $\ensuremath{\xi}$ and four-momentum transfer, ${Q}^{2}$. Our approach is fully scalable and will be capable of handling larger datasets as they are released from future experiments.
Research on Magnetic Leakage Field and Control Measures in High Capacity Transformer for VSC-HVDC transmission

A transformer for VSC-HVDC transmission (VSC-transformer) with large capacity of 480 MVA was taken as the research object in this paper. A full scale three-dimensional simulation model was established in software of infolytic magnet. The magnetic flux leakage distributions on iron core, clamp, oil tank and other structural parts of VSC-transformer were simulated and analyzed by field-circuit coupling method. The loss distribution of main structural parts was also compared. The influence of different shielding materials and shielding methods on the distribution of magnetic flux leakage was analyzed, and the measures to optimize the magnetic flux leakage of transformer were proposed to avoid local overheating phenomenon in VSC-transformer with large capacity.
Open and closed loop traffic control by connected automated vehicles

The problem of controlling traffic using connected automated vehicles is approached by utilizing Lagrangian traffic models. A continuum model with time delay is introduced in the Lagrangian frame in order to capture the open loop dynamics of the traffic behind a vehicle of prescribed motion. The stability of the open loop system is analyzed and compared to that of a benchmark car-following model. Finally, the Lagrangian traffic models are used to propose a longitudinal controller for connected automated vehicles that allows them to respond to connected vehicles behind to stabilize the upstream traffic in a closed loop fashion.
Subcortical short-term plasticity elicited by deep brain stimulation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate local short-term neuroplasticity elicited by subthalamic, thalamic, and pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. METHODS During DBS surgery, we delivered pairs of stimulus pulses with both circular and directional leads across 90 interstimulus intervals in 17 participants and recorded local field potentials from unused contacts on the implanted electrode array. We removed the stimulus artifact, validated the neural origin of the underlying signals, and examined short-term plasticity as a function of interstimulus interval and DBS target, using linear mixed effects models. RESULTS DBS evokes short latency local field potentials that are readily detected with both circular and directional leads at all stimulation targets (0.31 ± 0.10 msec peak latency, mean ± SD). Peak amplitude, area, and latency are modified strongly by interstimulus interval (P < 0.001) and display absolute and relative refractory periods (0.56 ± 0.08 and 2.94 ± 1.05 msec, respectively). We also identified later oscillatory activity in the subthalamic-pallidal circuit (4.50 ± 1.11 msec peak latency) that displays paired pulse facilitation (present in 5/8 subthalamic, 4/5 pallidal, and 0/6 thalamic trajectories, P = 0.018, Fisher's exact test), and correlates with resting beta frequency power (P < 0.001), therapeutic DBS frequencies, and stimulation sites chosen later for therapy in the ambulatory setting (P = 0.031). INTERPRETATION Paired DBS pulses synchronize local circuit electrophysiology and elicit short-term neuroplasticity in the subthalamic-pallidal circuit. Collectively, these responses likely represent the earliest detectable interaction between the DBS pulse and local neuronal tissue in humans. Evoked subcortical field potentials could serve as a predictive biomarker to guide the implementation of next-generation directional and adaptive stimulation devices.
Trust-based learning and behaviors for convoy obstacle avoidance

In many multi-agent systems, robots within the same team are regarded as being fully trustworthy for cooperative tasks. However, the assumption of trustworthiness is not always justified, which may not only increase the risk of mission failure, but also endanger the lives of friendly forces. In prior work, we addressed this issue by using RoboTrust to dynamically adjust to observed behaviors or recommendations in order to mitigate the risks of illegitimate behaviors. However, in the simulations in prior work, all members of the convoy had knowledge of the convoy goal. In this paper, only the lead vehicle has knowledge of the convoy goals and the follow vehicles must infer trustworthiness strictly from lead vehicle performance. In addition, RoboTrust could only respond to observed performance and did not dynamically learn agent behavior. In this paper, we incorporate an adaptive agent-specific bias into the RoboTrust algorithm that modifies its trust dynamics. This bias is learned incrementally from agent interactions, allowing good agents to benefit from faster trust growth and slower trust decay and bad agents to be penalized with slower trust growth and faster trust decay. We then integrate this new trust model into a trust-based controller for decentralized autonomous convoy operations. We evaluate its performance in an obstacle avoidance mission, where the convoy attempts to learn the best speed and following distances combinations for an acceptable obstacle avoidance probability.
The agricultural history of human-nitrogen interactions as recorded in ice core δ15N-NO3−

[1] The advent and industrialization of the Haber Bosch process in the early twentieth century ushered in a new era of reactive nitrogen distributions on Earth. Since the appearance of the first commercial scale Haber Bosch fertilizer plants, fertilizer application rates have greatly increased in the U.S. While the contributions of fertilizer runoff to eutrophication and anoxic dead zones in coastal regions have been well-documented, the potential influences of increased fertilizer applications on air quality and precipitation chemistry are poorly constrained. Here we combine a 255-year record of precipitation nitrate isotopes preserved in a Greenland ice core, historical reconstructions of fertilizer application rates, and field characterization of the isotopic composition of nitrogen oxides produced biogenically in soils, to provide new constraints on the contributions of biogenic emissions to North American NOx inventories. Our results indicate that increases in twentieth century commercial fertilizer use led to large increases in soil NO, a byproduct released during nitrification and denitrification reactions. These large shifts in soil NO production are evidenced by sharp declines in ice core δ15N-NO3− values. Further, these results suggest that biogenic NOx emissions are underestimated by two to four fold in the U.S. NOx emission inventories used to construct global reactive nitrogen budgets. These results demonstrate that nitrate isotopes in ice cores, coupled with newly constrained δ15N-NOx values for NOx emission sources, provide a novel means for estimating contemporary and historic contributions from individual NOx emission sources to deposition.
How 15 Hundred Is like 15 Cherries: Effect of Progressive Alignment on Representational Changes in Numerical Cognition.

How does understanding the decimal system change with age and experience? Second, third, sixth graders, and adults (Experiment 1: N = 96, mean ages = 7.9, 9.23, 12.06, and 19.96 years, respectively) made number line estimates across 3 scales (0-1,000, 0-10,000, and 0-100,000). Generation of linear estimates increased with age but decreased with numerical scale. Therefore, the authors hypothesized highlighting commonalities between small and large scales (15:100::1500:10000) might prompt children to generalize their linear representations to ever-larger scales. Experiment 2 assigned second graders (N = 46, mean age = 7.78 years) to experimental groups differing in how commonalities of small and large numerical scales were highlighted. Only children experiencing progressive alignment of small and large scales successfully produced linear estimates on increasingly larger scales, suggesting analogies between numeric scales elicit broad generalization of linear representations.
Accelerated characterization of graphite/epoxy composites

A method to predict the long term compliance of unidirectional off-axis laminates from short term laboratory tests is presented. The method uses an orthotropic transformation equation and the time-stress-temperature superposition principle. Short term tests are used to construct master curves for two off-axis unidirectional laminates with fiber angles of 10 and 90 degrees. Analytical predictions of long term compliance for 30 and 60 degrees laminates are made. Comparisons with experimental data are also given.
Dynamic power management for embedded systems [SOC design]

This paper discusses several of the SOC design issues pertaining to dynamic voltage and frequency scalable systems, and how these issues were resolved in the IBM PowerPC 405LP processor. We also introduce DPM, a novel architecture for policy-guided dynamic power management. We illustrate the utility of DPM by its ability to implement several classes of power management strategies and demonstrate practical results for a 405LP embedded system.
Performance of mouse lines divergently selected for heat loss when exposed to different environmental temperatures. II. Feed intake, growth, fatness, and body organs

Mouse populations differing in metabolic rate have been developed through selection for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss, along with the unselected controls (MC). Objectives of the study were to compare the MH, ML, and MC lines for feed intake, growth, body fatness, and organ weights when reared at 12, 22, and 31 degrees C, and investigate potential line x environment interactions. Feed intake was recorded weekly from 3 to 9 wk of age, and BW at 3, 6, and 9 wk of age. Body fat percent and organ weights were measured at 9 wk of age. No line x environment interactions were detected for any of the traits measured. The MH mice consumed more feed than ML mice from 5 to 9 wk of age. Between 8 and 9 wk of age, MH mice consumed 13% more feed than the ML mice, but they were relatively leaner (14.45 vs. 16.32% body fat); MC mice were intermediate for both traits. Mice in the cold environment consumed the greatest amount of feed, and those in the hot environment consumed the least. Males consumed more feed than females, and the difference was greater in the cold than in the hot environment. No differences in BW were found between the lines. Mice in the 22 degrees C environment were heavier than their age-matched counterparts in the other two environments, and males were heavier than females at all ages. Relative to BW, the three lines had similar tail length, body length, and liver weight. Mice in the cold environment had heavier spleens and livers than those in the hot environment but relatively shorter bodies and tails; the normal environment was intermediate for these traits. Results from this study indicate that selection to decrease maintenance requirements did not produce mice with any less ability to grow and perform under an array of environmental temperatures.
Coenzyme Binding to l-α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract The binding of NADH to rabbit muscle l-α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is accompanied by a considerable enhancement of the fluorescence of the reduced coenzyme which was used to study the properties of this binding process. Fluorescence titration of the enzyme with NADH indicated the binding of 2 moles of NADH per mole of enzyme (78,000 g). The dissociation constant for the NADH-enzyme complex was determined to be 1.8 x 10-6 m. Adenylic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine diphosphoribose were shown to be NADH-competitive inhibitors in the l-α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A competitive relationship between the binding of adenylic acid and NADH was also shown with fluorescence enhancement techniques. Peptide-mapping studies of trypsin digests of l-α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase revealed the presence in this enzyme of two identical subunits of 39,000 molecular weight.
How to Know: A Practicalist Conception of Knowledge, by Stephen Hetherington

According to received wisdom in epistemology, knowledge is justified true belief, with some further condition that precludes the belief's being accidentally true (i.e. a condition that rules out Ge...
Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection: A novel method of localizing gastrinoma

A 40-year-old woman had persistent Zollinger-Ellison syndrome despite excision of a 4-cm duodenal gastrinoma. Localizing studies including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, duodenal endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and intraoperative endoscopic transillumination of the duodenum failed to detect a tumor. Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection was used to identify a 6-mm gastrinoma in the duodenum, which was locally excised. Postoperatively, the patient had a negative secretin provocative test result. This novel method uses selective arterial secretin injection with hepatic venous gastrin sampling to identify the vessel feeding the gastrinoma. An angiographic catheter is then positioned in this artery. At laparotomy, methylene blue is injected through this catheter to selectively stain the gastrinoma, facilitating its identification. Selective intra-arterial methylene blue injection can enhance intraoperative detection of small gastrinomas and may improve the rate of curative resection in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Further evaluation of this novel localizing technique is warranted.
Stochastic Approximations for the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram of Urban Networks

This paper proposes a theory for estimating the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) on inhomogeneous corridors and networks using probabilistic methods. By exploiting a symmetry property of the stochastic MFD, whereby it exhibits identical probability distributions in free-flow and congestion, it is found that the network MFD depends mainly on two dimensionless parameters: the mean block length to green ratio and the mean red to green ratio. The theory is validated with an exact traffic simulation and with the empirical data from the city of Yokohama. It is also shown that the effect of buses can be approximated with the proposed theory by accounting for their effect in the red to green ratio parameter.