cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87

In this AMEE Guide, we consider the design and development of self-administered surveys, commonly called questionnaires. Questionnaires are widely employed in medical education research. Unfortunately, the processes used to develop such questionnaires vary in quality and lack consistent, rigorous standards. Consequently, the quality of the questionnaires used in medical education research is highly variable. To address this problem, this AMEE Guide presents a systematic, seven-step process for designing high-quality questionnaires, with particular emphasis on developing survey scales. These seven steps do not address all aspects of survey design, nor do they represent the only way to develop a high-quality questionnaire. Instead, these steps synthesize multiple survey design techniques and organize them into a cohesive process for questionnaire developers of all levels. Addressing each of these steps systematically will improve the probabilities that survey designers will accurately measure what they intend to measure.
The free will inventory: measuring beliefs about agency and responsibility.

In this paper, we present the results of the construction and validation of a new psychometric tool for measuring beliefs about free will and related concepts: The Free Will Inventory (FWI). In its final form, FWI is a 29-item instrument with two parts. Part 1 consists of three 5-item subscales designed to measure strength of belief in free will, determinism, and dualism. Part 2 consists of a series of fourteen statements designed to further explore the complex network of people’s associated beliefs and attitudes about free will, determinism, choice, the soul, predictability, responsibility, and punishment. Having presented the construction and validation of FWI, we discuss several ways that it could be used in future research, highlight some as yet unanswered questions that are ripe for interdisciplinary investigation, and encourage researchers to join us in our efforts to answer these questions.
Porcine anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts are similar to cells derived from the ligamentum teres, another non-healing intra-articular ligament.

Porcine ligament fibroblasts were cultured from the anterior cruciate (ACL), medial collateral (MCL), and ligamentum teres (LT). There were no apparent differences in confluent cellular morphology among the ligament cell types as evaluated by phase contrast microscopy. The proliferation rate of MCL cells from 24-120 h was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of cells from either the LT or the ACL. MCL cells produced more collagen and less non-collagenous protein than the LT and ACL as determined by [3H]proline incorporation. This resulted in MCL cells producing a higher percentage (37%, p < 0.05) of collagen relative to total protein than either the ACL (28%) or the LT (32%). The MCL cells produced a significantly higher percentage (34.7%, p < 0.05) of type-IH collagen relative to total type-I and III collagen than either the ACL (29.2%) or the LT (29.5%). The LT and MCL cells had similar and significantly greater coverage of in vitro wounds than the ACL. This study provides the first in vitro study of...
Average error rate of linear diversity reception schemes over generalized gamma fading channels

We study the performance of M-ary modulation schemes in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and slow fading. Selection combining (SC), equal gain combining (EGC), and maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity schemes are considered. The fading channel is modeled by the generalized gamma distribution, which includes the Rayleigh, Nakagami, Weibull, and log-normal distributions as special or limiting cases. The Suzuki distribution can be adequately approximated by the generalized gamma distribution. The exact average symbol error rates (ASER) for coherent multilevel modulation schemes with SC and MRC are presented by using the moment generating function (MGF) based approach while that of EGC is obtained by employing a characteristic function (CHF) based approach. The analysis results for the three combiners are compared and discussed. Simulation results are also provided.
"I Suppose I am My Own Girl Now": The Diary of Nancy Holmes Corse, Enosburg, Vermont, 1858-1859

"I Suppose I am My Own Girl Now": The Diary of Nancy Holmes Corse, Enosburg, Vermont, 1858-1859
Philosophy of race meets population genetics

Abstract In this paper, I respond to four common semantic and metaphysical objections that philosophers of race have launched at scholars who interpret recent human genetic clustering results in population genetics as evidence for biological racial realism. I call these objections ‘the discreteness objection’, ‘the visibility objection’, ‘the very important objection’, and ‘the objectively real objection.’ After motivating each objection, I show that each one stems from implausible philosophical assumptions about the relevant meaning of ‘race’ or the nature of biological racial realism. In order to be constructive, I end by offering some advice for how we can productively critique attempts to defend biological racial realism based on recent human genetic clustering results. I also offer a clarification of the relevant human-population genetic research.
Secondary Professional Socialization Through Professional Organizations: An Exploratory Study

Secondary professional socialization is a phase of occupational socialization theory that focuses on graduate education in preparation for a career in academia. Due to the need to present and publish research and make professional contacts, professional organizations likely serve an important socializing function during graduate education. The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand graduate students’ perspectives of participating in professional organizations. Participants included 16 health and physical education graduate students who shared their experiences in focus group interviews. Data were analyzed using constant comparison and inductive analysis. Results indicate graduate students become involved in professional organizations primarily due to faculty encouragement. Participants highlighted networking as a benefit of involvement, and viewed professional learning and opportunities to present research as important to their career development. Results are discussed through the lens of occ...
Active security

In this paper we introduce active security, a new methodology which introduces programmatic control within a novel feedback loop into the defense infrastructure. Active security implements a unified programming environment which provides interfaces to (i) protect the infrastructure under common attack scenarios (e.g., configure a firewall), (ii) sense the current state of the infrastructure through a wide variety of information, (iii) adjust the configuration of the infrastructure at run time based on sensed information, (iv) collect forensic evidence on-demand, at run-time for attribution, and (v) counter the attack through more advanced mechanisms such as migrating malicious code to a quarantined system. We built an initial prototype that extends the FloodLight software-defined networking controller to automatically interface with the Snort intrusion detection system to detect anomalies, the Linux Memory Extractor to collect forensic evidence at run-time, and the Volatility parsing tool to extract an executable from physical memory and analyze information about the malware (which can then be used by the active security system to better secure the infrastructure).
Electric field-induced, reversible lotus-to-rose transition in nanohybrid shish kebab paper with hierarchical roughness.

Nature uses a variety of strategies to tune wetting behavior for biological applications. By artificially mimicking these strategies, a variety of different wetting conditions can be achieved. Numerous examples exist of designed surfaces that can mimic the wetting behavior of lotus leaves or rose petals, but few surfaces that may reversibly transition between the two have been reported. In this paper, a combination of topological control over conductive, carbon-based nanomaterials and low surface energy coating was used to tune the wetting properties between “lotus” and “rose.” The topological control was imparted by a hierarchical “nanohybrid shish kebab” structure, which uses solution-grown polymer single crystals on carbon nanotubes to tune the surface roughness of the latter. The low surface energy polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating was deposited by the initiated chemical vapor deposition technique. Application of electric potential on these unique nanostructures allows the surfaces to reversibly ...
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR SAMPLING PROTOSTELIDS

A new technique has been designed to collect protostelids repeatedly on a standardized substrate that has been introduced into a habitat known to contain an assemblage of species of protostelids. F...
Inland sand dune mycorrhizae: Effects of soil depth, moisture, and pH on colonization of Oryzopsis hymenoides

The occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae was reconfirmed in Oryzopsis hymenoides, a major graminoid species on western sand dunes. A bioassay was used to determine the ability of soil fro...
Hygienic inspection on products and manufacturing environment of disposable hygiene products manufacturing enterprises in Tai′an

Objective:Through investigation on the products and manufacturing environment of disposable hygiene products manufacturing enterprises in Tai′an to strengthen management and provide eligible products for the market.Methods:Hygienic inspection was used on products and environment of disposable hygiene products manufacturing enterprises in Tai′an from 2006 to 2009,according to GB 15979-2002.Results:1206 samples were inspected and the eligible rate was 85.90%.During the four years from 2006 to 2009,the eligible rates showed an upward trend year by year,which were 81.38%,85.63%,86.11%,91.87% and had significant difference(P0.01).Of all the inspected objects,eligible rates with descending order were 98.18% of products,88.73% of working table surface,87.50% of UV light,82.69% of workers′ hands,and 77.88% of workshops′ air condition.There were also significant differences in the eligible rates of different samples(P0.005).Conclusion: The eligible rates of products and manufacturing environment in those enterprises showed an upward trend year by year,but they were different among different products.Hygienic quality of products was better,while the air hygiene of the workshops was poor.
Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Can this Disease Be Prevented?

The term “benign prostatic hyperplasia” (BPH) is commonly used to represent either (a) a pathologic entity, or (b) a clinical diagnosis, or (c) a treatment decision based on a clinical diagnosis. In order to discuss constructively what is known about the etiology of BPH it is essential to distinguish these different meanings of the term (Isaacs and Coffey 1989). In this paper we will concentrate Ion discussing what is known of the etiology of the pathologic entity (which we will denote as pBPH) and of the clinical diagnosis of BPH (cBPH). Discussion of the issues involved in the decision as to whether and how to treat cBPH can be found in other chapters of this book.
A 51GHz master-slave latch and static frequency divider in 0.18/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS

A master-slave latch and companion 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 static frequency dividers fabricated in 120GHz f/sub T/ SiGe operate at 51GHz, while drawing 30 mA per latch (780mA total, with input-output buffers) from a -5.2V power supply. At 40Gb/s (40GHz clock) latch operates error-free (BER better than 10/sup -14/, 2/sup 31/-1 PRBS) with 152/spl deg/ data-clock phase margin. The directly observed width of the metastability zone of the latch is 1.2ps.
Ultrawideband cavity-backed resistively loaded planar dipole array for ground penetrating radar

An ultrawideband (UWB) cavity-backed resistively loaded planar dipole array antenna has been developed for the 100 to 400 MHz frequency range for ground penetrating radar applications. The antenna has been designed with a 3m aperture to perform surveys of a wide swath of ground from a moving vehicle. The performance of the UWB array is quantified by moment method simulations of the electromagnetic field penetration into lossy soil. Integration of the UWB array onto a vehicle is discussed.
Very high resolution hadron calorimetry

Experiments at the next generation of High Energy Physics accelerators will pose particularly strong requirements on the performance of hadron calorimeters. Significant progress in understanding of the fundamental limitations of hadron calorimeters combined with the major technological advances in dense inorganic scintillators and compact photodetectors enables development of new concept of hadron calorimetry based on a total absorption homogeneous hadron calorimeter. The energy resolution of such a calorimeter may reach a level of 15%/√E, while the very fine granularity may offer further advantages for the detailed reconstruction of final states or the background rejection. Dual readout calorimeter utilizing the Cherenkov signals will provide very good timing information necessary for the background rejection at the Muon Collider and/or correct assignment of the observed signals to the corresponding bunch crossing at the CLIC collider.
Gender Delay in Emergency Medical Services Does it Really Exist

Patients who have symptoms suspicious for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) should be evaluated as soon as possible after symptom onset if for no other reason than to identify those with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who can benefit from timely reperfusion therapy. In our society, we expect that all patients, regardless of individual characteristics (eg, age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood location), should be treated equally. Therefore, when an analysis of emergency medical services (EMS) run sheets in a large urban settings, such as Dallas County, Tex, leads to the conclusion that women have 50% greater odds of being delayed in the EMS setting compared with men, significant attention should focus on the validity of the results and their public health/societal implications. Article see p 9 In this issue, Concannon et al1 conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5887 patients with suspected cardiac-related symptoms evaluated by EMS providers from 10 municipalities in Dallas County, Tex, during 2004. They examined associations between a variety of patient/EMS run characteristics and the elapsed EMS time from patient call to hospital arrival divided into 3 intervals (response time, on-scene time, and transport time). Median elapsed time in EMS for all patients as a group was 34 minutes. The authors used a variety of multiple logistic regression models to identify predictors of average elapsed time in EMS, adjusting for distance traveled, onset time, patient vital signs, age, race, and neighborhood socio-economic composition. Although women were delivered to the hospital an …
Membrane-based methods of virus concentration from water: a review of process parameters and their effects on virus recovery

This review focuses on membrane-based methods of virus concentration from aqueous media. The discussion is centered on the two most commonly used sample concentration techniques: virus adsorption and elution (VIRADEL) and crossflow ultrafiltration (CFUF). We summarize all published VIRADEL and CFUF studies on the concentration of two human viral pathogens that are difficult to recover and quantify: noroviruses (17 reports total) and adenoviruses (15 reports total). We also include in the discussion all studies published since 2001 on the concentration of MS2, a bacteriophage commonly used in fate and transport studies as a surrogate of human viruses. The reported recoveries are analyzed in the context of key concentration process parameters including virus and membrane properties, initial virus content in the sample and details of the filtration protocol, as well as composition of the water and the eluent used to collect viruses adsorbed on the membrane surface. We conclude by identifying knowledge gaps and outlining a possible research agenda for improving the science and practice of virus separation for detection.
Technical Note: Dosimetric characteristics of the ocular beam line and commissioning data for an ocular proton therapy planning system at the Proton Therapy Center Houston.

Purpose To systematically analyze and present the properties of a small-field, double-scattering proton beam line intended to be used for the treatment of ocular cancer, and to provide configuration data for commission of the Eclipse Ocular Proton Planning System. Methods Measurements were made using ionization chambers, diodes, and films to determine dose profiles and output factors of the proton beams of the beam line at the Proton Therapy Center Houston. In parallel, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate the measured data and to provide additional insight into detailed beam parameters that are hard to measure, such as field size factors and a comparison of output factors as a function of circular and rectangular fields. Results The presented data comprises depth dose profiles, including distal and proximal profiles used to configure the Eclipse Ocular Proton Planning system EOPP, distal fall-off widths, lateral profiles and penumbrae sizes, as well as output factors as a function of field size, SOBP width, range shifter thickness, snout position and source to surface distance. Conclusions We have completed a comprehensive characterization of the beam line. The data will be useful to characterize proton beams in clinical and experimental small field applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Historical Contemporaneity and Contemporaneous Historicity: Creation of Meaning and Identity in Postwar Trauma Narratives

This paper contends that traumatic memories are not inherently memories of an experienced trauma. It explores a new perspective on post-1945 Jewish-American fiction. Analyzing Jewish-American novels from three generations—survivors, their children, and their grandchildren—the author traces the trajectories and changing perspectives in the narrative productions of these three generations. The analysis uses Jeffrey Alexander’s theory of cultural trauma to analyze generational trajectories in identity formations.
Cost Effectiveness of Strategies for Recruiting Low-Income Families for Behavioral Parent Training

The goal of this study was to assess cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of recruitment strategies used to engage low-income families of young children with disruptive behavior disorder to participate in a Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) program. For this analysis, we used data on labor and non-labor resources associated with 13 recruitment strategies implemented in February 2014 through February 2016. We assessed the effectiveness of each strategy as the number of families that enrolled into the study. Cost-effectiveness of each recruitment strategy was expressed as cost per family enrolled; analysis was conducted in 2016. We calculated the cost of total recruitment effort for 13 strategies during the 2-year period to be $11,496 with an average cost of $885 per recruitment strategy or $255 per enrolled family. Across strategies, total costs ranged from $25 to $2,540. "University mass e-mail" and "school flyers" resulted in the most phone screens (34 each); however, only 10% of these families enrolled in the study (3 and 4 families, respectively). "Craigslist" was the most effective strategy with 30 families screened and 11 of them enrolling. Three strategies did not yield any participants. The four strategies with the lowest cost per family enrolled were "Facebook page," "Craigslist," "university mass e-mail," and "organization/agency" (< $90). In conclusion, we found that some recruitment strategies were more successful at engaging low-income families to participate in a BPT program than others. Our results indicate that using a combination of recruitment strategies may be the optimal approach for recruiting low-income families.
Anesthesia for Endovascular Aortic Surgery

Endovascular aortic surgery presents unique challenges to the anesthesia care team. The ability to care for potentially complex vascular problems in patients with a wide range of comorbidities through a relatively noninvasive, percutaneous approach allows for a seemingly endless number of permutations of anesthetic interventions. This can allow for what might be thought of as “interesting” combinations of interventions such as the placement of invasive arterial catheters at multiple sites and/or pulmonary artery catheterization in a patient ­undergoing a procedure under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with little or no sedation. Furthermore, while the hope is always for a quick and complication-free operative course, the anesthesia care team must be prepared for potential catastrophe given the nature and location of the inherent pathology.
Biology of Tolerance and Dependence

Alcoholism is a heterogeneous phenomenon that involves maladaptive behavior, medical complications, and cultural attitudes, but all realistic definitions of alcoholism include reference to an individual’s tolerance to and dependence on ethanol (see Chapter 1). Alcohol tolerance and dependence, however, are not unidimen-sional entities; therefore it will be the purpose of this chapter to introduce the reader to the various facets of tolerance and dependence on ethanol, to discuss the implications of tolerance and dependence in promoting aberrant drinking behavior and alcohol-induced pathologies, and to describe the current treatment approaches used to manage the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Descriptive Analysis of Acceptance by Prescribers and Economic Benefit of Pharmacist Recommended Interventions in a Critical Care Unit.

Background: Pharmacist clinical intervention is defined as the action that identifies and prevents medication-related problems and optimizes patient’s medication therapy in cooperation with other healthcare professionals. Types of clinical interventions may vary, but each is patient specific. Few studies have focused on clinical pharmacists interventions in a critical care setting at a rural hospital. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess physician acceptance rate of pharmacist-recommended interventions in the critical care unit (CCU) at a rural hospital over five years and to evaluate the economic benefit of accepted pharmacist-recommended interventions over a one-year time period. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review over a five-year time period. Each intervention was categorized and analyzed for acceptance or non-acceptance by the treating physician. Evaluation of economic benefit, cost saving and cost avoidance, for a one-year time period was performed. Results: A total of 1275 interventions were documented during study period. The average acceptance rate for documented interventions was 56%. The acceptance rate by physicians increased over the study period; with the acceptance rate in 2013 being statistically significantly higher than any other years. The overall cost saving for selected interventions was $432 for the one year. The overall cost avoidance of all accepted interventions for the one year was $453,339.36-$468,327.62. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists provide various types of interventions to improve patient care. The analysis of potential cost saving and cost avoidance of selected interventions illustrated a positive economic outcome. Conflict of Interest "We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties". Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted Type: Original Research
Exact Optimal Power Dispatch in Unbalanced Distribution Systems With High PV Penetration

Smart inverters provide additional control capability to help optimize the operation of distribution systems. This paper proposes a framework for exact optimal active and reactive power dispatch of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation, switched capacitors, and voltage regulators in large multi-phase unbalanced distribution systems. The objectives of the optimal dispatch are minimization of the energy loss, PV active power curtailment, and operations of capacitors and voltage regulators, in addition to elimination of voltage violations and reverse power flow. The optimization problem is formulated in rectangular coordinates as a nonlinear, nonconvex problem. Effective computational strategies are proposed to allow the application of predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point method to solve optimization problems in real-time with a large number of constraints and variables, including discrete variables corresponding to switched capacitors and voltage regulators. The accuracy of the numerical solution and the ability to implement the proposed framework are validated using the unbalanced multi-phase IEEE 34-bus and EPRI 2,998-bus distribution systems with 15-minute load and PV data. The results show a significant loss reduction and elimination of both voltage violations and reverse power flow.
Partial enzymatic reactions: A missed opportunity in proteomics research

RATIONALE Biological studies are conducted at ever-increasing rates by relying on proteomic workflows. Although data acquisition by mass spectrometry is highly automated and rapid, sample preparation continues to be the bottleneck of developing high-throughput workflows. Enzymatic protein processing, in particular, involves time-consuming protocols that can extend from one day to another. To address this gap, we developed and evaluated simple, in-solution tryptic enzymatic reactions that unfold within a few minutes, and demonstrate the utility of the methodology for the rapid analysis of proteins originating from cancer cell extracts. METHODS Tryptic enzymatic reactions were conducted for 7-60 min, and the results were compared with that of a routine approach conducted for 18 h. No other reaction conditions were changed relative to the 18 h procedure. The reaction products were analyzed by nanospray high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nano-HPLC/MS/MS), and the quality of the products was assessed in terms of peptide/protein identifications, sequence coverage, peptide length, missed-cleavage sites, quality of generated ions, and peptide hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. RESULTS The results demonstrate that brief, and therefore incomplete, enzymatic processes lead to a large number of peptide fragments that improve protein sequence and proteome coverage, that the tandem mass spectra produced from these peptides are of high quality for reliable protein identifications, and that the physical properties of peptides are prone to supporting the development of alternative multi-dimensional separations and middle-down proteomics analysis strategies. The reproducibility of generating the same peptides within a few minutes of enzymatic digestion was remarkably close to that obtained from 18 h long reactions, and the combined results of short and long reactions increased proteome coverage by ~40%. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that partial enzymatic reactions conducted on short time-scales represent a valuable asset to proteomic studies, and propose their implementation either as simple, cost-effective, stand-alone protocols for substantially streamlining the analysis of biological samples, or as complementary protocols, for improving protein sequence and proteome coverage.
Abstract TP36: Medical Specialty and Training of Physicians Performing Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the U.S

Introduction: We sought to determine the medical specialty and training of U.S. physicians who perform mechanical thrombectomy for stroke. Methods: We analyzed claims between 2009-2015 from a 5% na...
New Approaches for Genome Assembly and Scaffolding

Affordable, high-throughput DNA sequencing has accelerated the pace of genome assembly over the past decade. Genome assemblies from high-throughput, short-read sequencing, however, are often not as contiguous as the first generation of genome assemblies. Whereas early genome assembly projects were often aided by clone maps or other mapping data, many current assembly projects forego these scaffolding data and only assemble genomes into smaller segments. Recently, new technologies have been invented that allow chromosome-scale assembly at a lower cost and faster speed than traditional methods. Here, we give an overview of the problem of chromosome-scale assembly and traditional methods for tackling this problem. We then review new technologies for chromosome-scale assembly and recent genome projects that used these technologies to create highly contiguous genome assemblies at low cost.
Ubiquitous Sensing for Enhanced Road Situational Awareness: A Target-Tracking Approach

Situational awareness on road networks, defined with respect to perception of adverse road conditions (e.g., potholes) in addition to motorists, pedestrians and other artifacts that are crucial to enabling autonomous driving functionality, is a critical requirement for a multitude of applications in intelligent transportation systems where an increasing number of autonomous vehicles are expected to be present. For instance, ride comfort, which is adversely affected by road anomalies, is a much more pronounced concern for autonomous vehicles where humans are driven (most likely as a paid service) compared to traditional automobiles (being driven by humans). Towards developing efficient and cost-effective solutions for generating timely road situational awareness data, this paper describes a target-tracking formulation that exploits ubiquitous sensing and processing capabilities in modern automobiles. The problem formulation presented in this paper is fundamentally different to the traditional target tracking as voluntarily participating motor-vehicles are used as mobile sensors for detection and tracking in comparison to sensors that actively detect and track targets. A simplified example on initial detection and tracking the evolution of potholes is utilized for illustration of the proposed concept.
Implementation of an Oncology Nurse Practitioner Fellowship Program Focused on Adult Stem Transplant and Cellular Therapy Training

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Nurse practitioner (NP) graduate programs mainly focus on primary care and lack specialty training. It is important that new NPs entering the field of hematology are prepared to manage the complexity of patient care involved with the transplant and immunotherapy population. Inadequate training and mentoring can lead to poor job satisfaction, burnout, high turnover and suboptimal proactive care assessment and interventions impacting patient outcomes. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis In 2017, the Oncology NP fellowship was initiated. With the FDA approval of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy came the vision to expand the fellowship to include a designated track for the transplant program. The NP fellow spends one year immersed in managing stem cell transplant and cellular therapy patients in the inpatient and outpatient setting under the guidance of a senior transplant NP and mentor. The program includes didactic and clinical experiences with a curriculum based on national guidelines and clear endpoints for successful completion (Figure 1). Findings & Interpretation It is critical to the development for NPs interested in practicing in specialty services have a standardized framework for training. This allows the NP the opportunity to gain the necessary knowledge and confidence to manage transplant and cellular patients effectively, provide quality care and become valuable members of the multidisciplinary team. Discussion & Implications The role of the transplant NP continues to evolve. It is vital to establish training programs to support the growing complexity of cancer care. Development of specialty training programs promotes a structural framework (Figure 2) and smooth integration of the new NP into transplant and cellular therapy programs.
A Cartan-Eilenberg spectral sequence for non-normal extensions

Abstract Let Φ → Γ → Σ be a conormal extension of Hopf algebras over a commutative ring k, and let M be a Γ-comodule. The Cartan-Eilenberg spectral sequence E 2 = Ext Φ ( k , Ext Σ ( k , M ) ) ⇒ Ext Γ ( k , M ) is a standard tool for computing the Hopf algebra cohomology of Γ with coefficients in M in terms of the cohomology of Φ and Σ. We construct a generalization of the Cartan-Eilenberg spectral sequence converging to Ext Γ ( k , M ) that can be defined when Φ = Γ □ Σ k is compatibly an algebra and a Γ-comodule; this is related to a construction independently developed by Bruner and Rognes. We show that this spectral sequence is isomorphic, starting at the E 1 page, to both the Adams spectral sequence in the stable category of Γ-comodules as studied by Margolis and Palmieri, and to a filtration spectral sequence on the cobar complex for Γ originally due to Adams. We obtain a description of the E 2 term under an additional flatness assumption. We discuss applications to computing localizations of the Adams spectral sequence E 2 page.
Fear and Loathing in the Americas: White Fanatics and the Cinematic Colonial Mindset

White Saviors and Magical Negros are well-established cinematic archetypes that have been identified, analyzed, and subsequently labeled as unadvisable storytelling tropes due to their innate cultu...
Study of Open-Circuit Voltage in CdTe/MgCdTe Double-Heterostructure Solar Cells with Different Hole Contacts

This paper reports a comparison study of open-circuit voltage (VOC) in three kinds of CdTe/MgCdTe doubleheterostructure solar cells featuring p-type a-Si:H, ZnTe:As or ZnTe:Cu as hole contact layers, respectively. Devices with p-type a-Si:H demonstrated a record V OC of 1.1 V while the V OC of the devices with p-type ZnTe:As and ZnTe:Cu drop below 0.9 V C-V measurements and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal built-in voltages (V bi ) of 1.20 V, 1.23 V and 0.90 V, and minority carrier lifetime 300 ns, 52 ns and 170 ns for devices with different types of hole contacts, respectively. For the devices with a ZnTe:As layer, an increase in nonradiative recombination rate and a reduction in V OC are observed due to the misfit dislocations at the ZnTe/MgCdTe interface. The low V OC seen in the devices with a ZnTe: Cu layer is mainly limited by their low V bi .
Photocyclization of enamines to access Spiroindolines and Spirooxindoles in continuous flow

Abstract We report an expedited flow chemistry approach to the catalyst/photosensitizer-free UV photocyclizations of aryl-enamines to afford spiroindolines. The photocyclizations occur under mild conditions and are tolerant to a variety of substituted aryl-enamines and spirocycle ring sizes. This flow protocol has a wide substrate scope and addresses the problems of irreproducibility and scalability of batch protocols. The utility of this reaction is demonstrated in a shortened formal synthesis of (±)-horsfiline.
Evaluation of an interdisciplinary group education curriculum for hypertension

Abstract Hypertension disproportionately affects African American communities. This interdisciplinary, group education curriculum aimed to improve hypertension knowledge, behavioral risk factors, weight, and blood pressure (BP) in an urban African American population with uncontrolled hypertension. Outcomes were assessed with paired t-tests in a pre-post study design. Participants (n = 20) demonstrated a significant increase in hypertension knowledge. Among self-reported health behaviors, maintaining a healthy weight improved significantly. Participants demonstrated significant weight loss at one month compared to baseline, and trended towards significance at three and six months. Participants’ baseline BP was 165/88 mmHg. Decreases in systolic BP trended towards significance at one month (△ = 12.27 mmHg) and decreased significantly at three months (△ = 23.06 mmHg) and six months (△ = 21.44 mmHg). Diastolic BP significantly decreased at one month (△ = 8.37 mmHg) and six months (△ = 8.61 mmHg) and trended towards significance at three months (△ = 7.41 mmHg). This interdisciplinary, group education intervention shows promise for improving hypertension management in African American populations.
Isomerization-Induced Multiple Reaction Pathways in Platinum-Catalyzed C–H Acylation Reaction of 2-Aryloxypyridines

In Pt-catalyzed C–H acylation of 2-(2-methylphenoxy)pyridine (L1) with ethyl chlorooxoacetate to produce ethyl 2-(3-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yloxy))phenyl-2-oxoacetate (L2), possible reaction steps invo...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Informatics Research, Technology Transfer, or Application Development?

Publisher Summary The Spring 2001 report of National Science Foundation Workshop on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Informatics (BDEI) suggested that the next-generation CS/IT applications needed to understand complex, ecosystem-scale processes would require significant, ground-breaking CS/IT research. Thus, in the summer of 2001, the NSF granted $1.25 million in grants to 15 researcher groups to initiate planning projects and research initiation efforts in BDEI. This panel reported back to the VLDB on the nature of issues in this domain. Using one or more concrete examples of BDEI funded research, panelists presented their views of where the work lies with respect to database issues (for example, conceptual modeling, spatial and temporal databases, metadata, data mining, and data integration). The panelists also presented their views on whether the work constitutes (1) work in the domain by ecologists, (2) applying existing DBMS technology, (3) applying existing DBMS technology to create new technology, or (4) original DBMS (or other CS) research.
Reaction mechanism of the benzoquinone/hydroquinone couple at platinum electrodes in aqueous solutions: Retardation and enhancement of electrode kinetics by single chemisorbed layers

Abstract The electrochemical kinetics of the benzoquinone (Q)/hydroquinone (H2Q) redox couple at platinum electrodes in aqueous solutions has been found to be extremely sensitive to the nature of species adsorbed on the electrode surface at monolayer coverages. Experimental measurements were based on thin-layer cyclic voltammetry; the use of thin-layer electrodes was dictated by the need to minimize surface contamination. Bulky neutral or anionic aromatic adsorbates led to the familiar U-shaped rate-vs.-pH curves; the rate minimum occurred near pH 4. Kinetic effects due to oriental changes of chemisorbed species were noted only when the rate was low. Adsorbed 1 atoms led to comparatively rapid reactivity (rate constant k° > 10−3 cm s−1) and virtual independence of pH. Profound retardation resulted from pretreatment ofthe surface with CN− and SCN−; total irreversibility (k°
Supervisory control of nonlinear systems

The control of nonlinear systems with large uncertainty is especially challenging. In spite of this, significant progress has been made in the area of multi-model supervisory control.
Long-term outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before chemoradiation therapy (CRT) may improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, but optimal management remains controversial, and prior reports have limited follow-up. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients with unresectable (n = 46) or borderline resectable (n = 24) locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with CRT from 2005 to 2009. Patients typically received 50.4 grays in 28 fractions (91%) with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (84%) or capecitabine (14%). Forty patients received CRT alone, and 30 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT for a median of 4 months, typically gemcitabine (93%). All patients without progression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were offered CRT. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 14.2 months (range, 3-57 months). Fifty-three percent of patients in the CRT group versus 83% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT group had unresectable tumors at diagnosis; after completion of CRT, 20% of patients in both groups underwent resection. Compared with CRT alone, the neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRT group demonstrated improved median overall survival (OS; 18.7 vs 12.4 months; P = .02) and progression-free survival (11.4 vs 6.7 months; P = .02). On multivariate analysis, receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.87; P = .02) and surgical resection (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.85; P = .02) were associated with increased OS. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy confers a significant OS advantage by allowing the selection of patients who will derive greatest benefit from CRT. Median survival with this approach was similar to that seen with surgical resection. Cancer 2012;118: 3026–35. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Short-Time Impulse Voltage Characteristics of Tank-Type Oil Circuit Breakers [includes discussion]

Insulation co-ordination is a major consideration in the cost and design of a complete electric power system and of all individual pieces of apparatus. Basic impulse insulation levels (BIL) have been standardized so that apparatus and protective equipment can be co-ordinated. These levels are measured by withstands on specified test waves. Depending upon the type of protective device and the physical arrangement of the station, short-time voltage surges having crests above the BIL may be present and will require special consideration to insure insulation co-ordination. To determine the short-time impulse voltage characteristic of tank-type oil circuit breakers, tests were made on a representative breaker. The conclusion is that the short-time impulse characteristic of the complete breaker is comparable to that of the bushing alone.
Ascomycete fungal actins differentially support plant spatial cell and organ development.

Actin interacts with a wide variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins to support spatial development in nearly all eukaryotes. Null mutations in plant vegetative actins produce dramatically altered cell, tissue, and organ morphologies. Animal cytoplasmic actins (e.g., human HsACTB, HsACTG1) and some ancestral protist actins fully suppress these mutant phenotypes suggesting that some animal, plant, and protist actins share functional competence for spatial development. Considering that fungi have a phylogenetic origin closer to animals than plants, we were interested to explore whether the fungal actins may have this same capacity to function in plants and support development. We ectopically expressed actins from four highly divergent ascomycete fungi in two different Arabidopsis double vegetative actin null mutants. We found that expression of actin from the earliest diverging ascomycete subphyla, the archiascomycete Schizosaccharomyces pombe, qualitatively and quantitatively suppressed the root cell polarity and root organ developmental defects of act8/act7 mutants and the root-hairless cell elongation phenotype of act2/act8 mutants. Interestingly, the actin from the pyrenomycete Neurospora crassa was modestly effective in the suppression of vegetative actin mutant phenotypes. In contrast, actins from the saccharomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans were unable to support any aspect of plant development, and moreover induced severe dwarfism and sterility. These data imply that basal fungi inherited an actin with full competence for spatial development from their protist ancestor and maintained it via non-progressive sequence evolution, while the later more derived fungal species lost these activities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The monotonicity condition for BSDE on manifolds

In two preceding articles, we studied the problem of the existence and uniqueness of a solution to some general BSDE on manifolds. In these two articles, we assumed some Lipschitz conditions on the drift $f(b,x,z)$. The purpose of this article is to extend the existence and uniqueness results under weaker assumptions, in particular a monotonicity condition in the variable $x$. This extends well-known results for Euclidean BSDE.
Abstract IA11: Using genomics to study preexisting resistance

High depth sequencing with next-generation technology permits the examination of tumor-derived DNA for evidence of pre-existing, therapy resistance-conferring alterations. Several technical challenges must be addressed to overcome the inherent limitations of assays from pre-treatment biopsies. Specific computational tools are required for accurate assessment of therapy-related alterations and changes in tumor heterogeneity. Approaches that address the assay-related difficulties and the computational analyses required for these analyses will be illustrated by several examples from our studies. Citation Format: Elaine R. Mardis. Using genomics to study preexisting resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr IA11.
Occurrence of an herbicide‐resistant plant trait in agricultural field margins

Agricultural environments allow study of evolutionary change in plants. An example of evolution within agroecological systems is the selection for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate within the weed, Conyza canadensis. Changes in survivorship and reproduction associated with the development of glyphosate resistance (GR) may impact fitness and influence the frequency of occurrence of the GR trait. We hypothesized that site characteristics and history would affect the occurrence of GR C. canadensis in field margins. We surveyed GR occurrence in field margins and asked whether there were correlations between GR occurrence and location, crop rotation, GR crop trait rotation, crop type, use of tillage, and the diversity of herbicides used. In a field experiment, we hypothesized that there would be no difference in fitness between GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) plants. We asked whether there were differences in survivorship, phenology, reproduction, and herbivory between 2 GR and 2 GS populations of C. canadensis in agrestal and ruderal habitats. We found that geographic location was an important factor in the occurrence of GR C. canadensis in field margins. Although not consistently associated with either glyphosate resistance or glyphosate susceptibility, there were differences in phenology, survivorship, and herbivory among biotypes of C. canadensis. We found equal or greater fitness in GR biotypes, compared to GS biotypes, and GR plants were present in field margins. Field margins or ruderal habitats may provide refugia for GR C. canadensis, allowing reproduction and further selection to occur as seeds recolonize the agrestal habitat. Agricultural practices may select for ecological changes that feed back into the evolution of plants in ruderal habitats.
Creating a Formal Program to Train LIS Students for Reference Services

Student employees are a vital part of library operations and deserve an effective training program. Students in library and information science programs working in libraries have an excellent opportunity to learn more than just practical information. Through a training program that provides experiential learning, mentoring, critical evaluation and constructive improvement, job preparation, and personal support, these budding librarians can be more prepared for their first positions. As practicing librarians, we owe it to these students to develop and mentor them when we have the opportunity. This article uses a literature review and practical experience to provide a set of best practices for libraries that have library and infomration science students as part of their team.