cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of spleen phospholipid fatty acid composition by dietary fish oil and by n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters

We have compared the effects of diets containing purified ethyl esters of either eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or a mixture of both of these compounds, with diets containing either purified fish oil or beef tallow on spleen phospholipid fatty acid composition. Autoimmune mice, the (NZB x NZW)F1 strain, were fed with experimental diets for 14 weeks, after which spleen phospholipids were extracted and separated into classes by HPLC, and the alkenylacyl, alkylacyl, and diacyl subclasses of glycerylphosphatidylethanolamine and glycerylphosphatidylcholine were resolved as their benzoyl esters by HPLC. Fatty acids were analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of their methyl esters. Each of the marine lipid diets suppressed n-6 fatty acids and elevated n-3 fatty acids in all phospholipids. The eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester diets led to high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3), but little or no increase in docosahexaenoic acid. The docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester diets elevated docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid in all phospholipids, indicating that extensive retroconversion of 22 carbon n-3 fatty acids had occurred. These results document changes in the fatty acid composition of mammalian phospholipids that are induced by dietary fish oil triglycerides and by dietary long chain n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters.
St. Charles Investment Co. And the Carryover of Pals from C to S Years

In St. Charles Investment Co. v. Commissioner, the Tenth Circuit held that suspended passive activity losses incurred during years in which a corporation was a C corporation were deductible after the corporation made an election to be an S corporation. The Tenth Circuit's opinion creates a loophole that may allow taxpayers to exploit the liberal rules of subchapter S which generally allow a C corporation to make a subchapter S election without recognizing gain. The St. Charles court was required to resolve a conflict between section 469(b) which provides that "except as otherwise provided in this section, any loss or credit from a [passive activity] shall be treated as a deduction or credit that is allocable to such activity in the next taxable year," and section 1371(b) which disallows carryforwards arising in tax years in which a corporation is a C corporation to be carried to a tax year in which the corporation is an S corporation. To reach its conclusion, the court adopted a literal approach in interpreting the two statutes. In declining to consider the legislative history or the purpose of both statutes, the court probably undermined congressional intent.
Literature on the Preservation of Nonpaper Materials

This review essay describes selected recent writings on the preservation of nonpaper materials. Following an introduction to general works and periodicals, the author notes important new publications (including forthcoming ones) on the preservation of sound recordings, moving images, photographs, microforms, and magnetic and optical media. In the latter category, the volume of literature is particularly scarce. The essay ends with an explanation of the author's survey strategy.
Direct EM reconstruction of kinetic parameters from list-mode cardiac PET

The aim of this research is to extend a direct parametric reconstruction algorithm for dynamic PET to include spillover terms for use in cardiac perfusion imaging. Perfusion imaging with cardiac PET is used clinically to produce images of myocardial blood flow, aiding the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and the monitoring of condition of coronary circulation in response to treatment. PMOLAR-1T, an EM-based direct reconstruction algorithm, was adapted for parameter estimation from cardiac PET by including in the complete data space an additional dimension to account for the 3 model terms (myocardium, left ventricle, and right ventricle). The algorithm was validated with a digital phantom simulation and compared to a traditional frame-based approach. The coefficient of variation of K1 was reduced by 20% in the direct method as compared to the frame-based method, with lower bias in all parameters. The algorithm was also tested on a human 82Rb dataset, for which direct reconstruction provided lower K1 estimates in the myocardium than the frame-based method. This discrepancy may be due to errors from model fits outside the myocardium or from difference in the scatter correction implementation.
New insights into the immunopathology of chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The inflammation in CD can extend anywhere along the alimentary canal, whereas in UC the inflammation is limited to the large bowel. In CD the inflammation is typically patchy, transmural, and contains noncaseating granulomata, whereas in UC the inflammation is relatively superficial with ulcer formations. Nonetheless, 10% of the cases are clinically and histologically identical. Both disorders are idiopathic, because no etiological agent can be found, and both show autoimmune characteristics. However, the underlying immunological mechanism is still very poorly understood and controversial. Therefore the treatment of IBD, has, thus far, been unsatisfying, because it involves the administration of rather unspecific immunosuppressive agents. To find more specific therapies, it is necessary to study the underlying immunopathological mechanism of the disease.
The Opt-Out Continuation: Education, Work, and Motherhood from 1984 to 2012

Debate about an increasing trend in highly educated women dropping out of the labor force to care for children-an opt-out revolution-has been considerable. I use unique features of the of Survey of Income and Program Participation-a large nationally representative sample, longitudinal structure, monthly labor-force outcomes, and repeated panels-to study trends in women's birth-related career interruptions over time and across the education spectrum. Methodologically, I use event studies to compare women's monthly labor-force outcomes on the extensive and intensive margins from twenty-four months before to twenty-four months after births in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Rather than an abrupt change in opting out, I find that the pattern of birth-related interruptions has changed surprisingly little over the past thirty years-substantial and sustained interruptions remain common for mothers in all education categories. Rather than a revolution, I find an opt-out continuation.
Abstract #3014: Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers

Tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers, quantitative measurements of exposure and fate of specific tobacco carcinogens and toxicants, could in principle become an important part of a risk algorithm to identify smokers susceptible to lung cancer and are also important for the evaluation and potentially the regulation of new and existing tobacco products. Our goal is to develop a panel of tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers applicable in these activities. One validation criterion for a tobacco carcinogen or toxicant biomarker is its relationship to tobacco use. This can be determined by assessing the decrease in a biomarker level when people stop using the product. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the relationship to cigarette smoking of eight tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), a metabolite of pyrene and a widely accepted biomarker of exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), an established biomarker of exposure to the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and 6 mercapturic acids (MA) derived from: 1,3 butadiene (MHBMA and DHBMA), acrolein (HPMA), crotonaldehyde (HBMA), benzene (SPMA), and ethylene oxide (HEMA) . Smokers provided 24h urine samples twice while still smoking and then on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 after quitting. Seventeen subjects (11 female) completed the study. Their mean age (± S.D.) was 43.9 ± 11.0 years (range 23 - 58). Sixteen were Caucasian and one was of mixed racial heritage. They had been smoking an average of 17.3 ± 12.3 years and smoked 21.8 ± 6.7 cigarettes per day. MAs were quantified by a newly developed combined LC-negative ion-APCI-MS/MS method, total NNAL by GC-nitrosamine selective detection, and 1-HOP by LC-fluorescence. Baseline values of the biomarkers could be split into three groups: low, medium, and high. NNAL, 1-HOP, and SPMA comprised the low group (1-3 nmol/24h), HEMA and MHBMA the medium group (30 - 50 nmol/24h), and DHBMA, HPMA, and HBMA the high group (2600 - 11,000 nmol/24h). Levels of all MAs except DHBMA decreased rapidly after smoking cessation. In each case, the mean reduction of the MA from baseline was approximately 80% (P Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3014.
Is Bigger Better When It Comes to Android Graphical Pattern Unlock

Android unlock patterns are likely the most prevalent graphical password system to date. However, human-chosen authentication stimuli (such as text passwords and PINs) are easy to guess. Does increasing the grid size from 3 × 3 to 4 × 4 help the situation? Yes and no.
A network of endogenous modulators of canonical nuclear factor-κB activation predicts high-grade glioma outcome

2660 The mechanism for decision between cell death and survival is under fine regulation. Nuclear factor-κB is a transcription regulator that is known to promote survival in many cellular events. NF-κB is activated by various intra- and extracellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Excessive and prolonged activation of NF-κB has also been established as a principal mechanism of tumor chemoresistance, which is primarily mediated by its antiapoptotic activity. The pathway leading to the activation of NF-κB involves a complicated network that includes multiple signaling molecules. The recent identification of a wide range of negative regulators of NF-κB has added another layer of complexity in NF-κB activation. Glioblastomas are among the most lethal of human malignancies, with a rapidly progressive clinical course characterized by intense resistance to all therapeutic modalities. We have discovered alterations in several NF-κB pathway members in glioblastoma cells, which may act synergistically in activating NF-κB during resistance formation to O 6 -alkylating agents, including the tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), NF-κB inhibitor α (NFKBIA), and TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) genes. We have found several of these endogenous inhibitors of canonical NF-κB activation to be linked to patient outcome in glioblastoma multiforme. We here confirmed the putative importance of this pathway in patient outcome prediction in three independent high-grade glioma cohorts (n = 175 tumors) from different academic institutions. Our data indicate an increasing complexity and linkage of several modulatory molecules to patient outcome that interact physical and functionally in a cooperative fashion to regulate NF-κB activation. We found that for many of these molecules, combined predictor models outperform the predictive power of the individual molecules. This observation is consistent with recent evidence suggesting the cooperation of these endogenous inhibitors in a negative feedback regulation of NF-κB activation and a mutual facilitation of their repressive ability. In terms of outcome prediction, we found several of these inhibitors to outperform established clinical and morphological prognostic variables such as patient age and tumor grade (III vs. IV), as well as the O 6 -methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, the currently most established outcome marker in glioblastomas. These findings raise the hope for this regulatory network as an amenable target to modulate NF-κB-mediated resistance in glioblastoma cells, with the ultimate goal of increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients harboring these challenging tumors.
Holistic energy efficient crosstalk mitigation in DRAM

The scaling of DRAM to increasingly small geometries has resulted in considerable challenges to both reliability and energy consumption of memory systems. For example, this aggressive scaling has resulted in increased vulnerability to both bitline and wordline crosstalk. Moreover, deep scaling has also introduced an understudied implication of dramatically increased embodied energy, or energy due to manufacturing memory integrated circuits. While many correction schemes have been proposed targeting, often independently, metrics of reliability and operational energy, recent studies have demonstrated that the impacts of manufacturing on reliability and holistic energy consumption must also be considered. In this work, we propose a technique to evaluate memory systems and their tradeoffs for reliability, embodied energy, and operational energy. We use this technique to examine several proposed correction schemes for DRAM faults. Further, we study a novel bitline crosstalk error correction scheme, Periodic Flip Encoding, which has considerable advantages in sustainability and reliability at high error rates.
Visualizing Spontaneous DNA Dynamics and its Role in Mismatch Recognition by Damage Recognition Protein Rad4

How DNA-binding proteins search for and identify their target sites buried amid a vast excess of non-target sites remains a central question in biology. This study is aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which DNA damage recognition protein XPC recognizes diverse DNA lesions, and initiates DNA repair. Structural studies of Rad4 (yeast ortholog of XPC) bound to model lesions showed that DNA is unwound and bent at the lesion site and the damaged nucleotides are flipped out. Previous studies using laser T-jump perturbation approaches indicated that Rad4 interrogates potential sites by unwinding DNA on ~100-500 μs and eventually flips out damaged nucleotides on ~5-10 ms. However, these ‘ensemble’ measurements could not capture intrinsic DNA deformability that is potentially critical in the ability of Rad4/XPC to distinguish damaged from undamaged sites. Previous studies were also limited to measurements on short, linear DNA oligomers, while DNA in our cells is typically bent and supercoiled, which is expected to have a profound impact on DNA damage recognition. In this study, I employed an innovative fluorescence lifetime approach with fluorescent probes exquisitely sensitive to DNA twisting/bending fluctuations and mapped the range of conformations accessible to mismatched DNA substrates of varying Rad4-binding specificities. My results reveal a direct connection between intrinsic DNA deformability and Rad4 recognition. High-specificity mismatched DNA, free in solution, sampled a strikingly broad range of conformations from B-DNA-like to highly distorted conformations that resembled those observed with Rad4 bound. Conversely, nonspecific mismatched DNA retained a largely homogeneous, B-DNA-like conformation. Surprisingly, even mismatched-DNA specifically bound to Rad4 remained highly dynamic, a feature that may reflect the versatility of Rad4/XPC to recognize many structurally dissimilar lesions. Using T-jump, I unveiled the rates of intrinsic DNA conformational dynamics in mismatched DNA. Remarkably, these rates remained unaltered in the presence of Rad4. Finally, I examined the effect of DNA bending strain on the intrinsic deformability at the mismatched sites by extending the fluorescence lifetime studies in the context of DNA minicircles. These studies revealed amplified distortions for both matched and mismatched sites in DNA minicircles, with further distortions detected upon Rad4 binding to mismatched sites. Taken together, my results strongly suggest that intrinsic DNA deformability promotes Rad4 damage recognition, perhaps by stalling a diffusing protein and/or facilitating ‘conformational capture’ of pre-distorted damaged sites.
Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of Brucella canis isolates, Ohio, 2016.

Brucella canis is one of zoonotic pathogens causing infection in human. In this study, we isolated and sequenced 38 B. canis strains from 11 cases. Core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis classified all B. canis isolates into two genogroups, GI and GII. All 38 isolates cluster together forming a 2016 Ohio cluster, in which they form five subclusters reflecting their geographical differences. Unlike GI, the isolates of the GII are from diverse geographical locations including Asia, America, Africa, and Europe and form Asia and South America clusters. Overall, our findings could be useful to investigate and track B. canis of future outbreaks.
The effects of Self-Book© art therapy on cancer-related distress in female cancer patients during active treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective National attention on patients' cancer-related emotional distress produced a need for evidence-based, psychosocial interventions in oncology care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Self-Book© art therapy for emotional distress and psychological well-being of female oncology patients during active oncology treatment. Methods Sixty consenting women with cancer were randomly assigned to either a 6-session Self-Book© art therapy program or standard care. A repeated measures randomized controlled trial design was employed. Data were collected by using the Distress Thermometer, Perceived Emotional Distress Inventory, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Brief Psychological Well-being test, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-being. Measurements were obtained at baseline, week 3, week 6, and 1 to 2 months post intervention. Results Forty participants were included in the final analysis. No significant differences between groups were found for the primary outcome measures: emotional distress and psychological well-being. Greater improvements in Self-Book© art therapy participants' spiritual well-being were found compared with the standard care control participants (P = .02). Conclusions Although no statistically significant differences were present between the groups for the primary outcomes, several positive trends were noted. Thirty percent of Self-Book© art therapy participants reported postintervention emotional distress scores that were below the abnormal range for emotional distress, compared with only 5% of standard care control participants, suggesting that Self-Book© art therapy may have clinical value. Further studies are recommended to better understand the therapeutic mechanisms of Self-Book© art therapy for enhancing psychological well-being.
Renovating the Refounding

Manifestos are bold and declarative, often seeking to challenge contemporary norms. This was true of the Blacksburg Manifesto, which critically argued that the field of public administration was resting on an unstable foundation. Instead of merely serving the role of critic, the authors of the refounding project laid a new foundation that could house a critical aspect of government: administration. Despite their successes, their answers have become dated. The field has changed, requiring a renovation. In seeking to revise the Manifesto, we update the project to make it more relevant for 21st-century governing.
Moral Education versus Values Clarification.

The values clarification approach to moral education, is a deficient, if not faulty program for, despite claims to the contrary, the values clarification approach lacks the major requirements for an adequate moral educational program: the treatment of value judgments as objective statements which are capable of cognitive analysis as well as justification within their context. This article demonstrates the importance that considerations of character must have in an adequate system of morals a quality lacking in the values clarification program.
Ectopic GRH Syndromes

Although the occasion for this symposium is the commemoration of the centennial of the first description of acromegaly, it has been only 27 years since a patient with an extrapituitary cause for acromegaly was described. In 1959, Altmann and Schutz described a patient with acromegaly of 12 years duration who did not respond to a course of pituitary irradiation, but who experienced a marked regression of the features of GH hypersecretion following excision of a bronchial carcinoid tumor (1). This report in the German literature was overlooked by the numerous authors who, during the next two decades, described patients with coexisting acromegaly and carcinoid tumors of various types (see references 2 and 3 for reviews). Fifteen years later, Dabek reported a similar case history (4) and two years after that, Sonksen added an additional case report of regression of GH hypersecretion after removal of a carcinoid tumor (5). In 1979, we had an opportunity to study a tumor removed from a patient whose history was remarkably similar to that of the original patient described (1), and reported that it stimulated GH release by rat pituitary cell cultures (6). In another report, Shalet et al. (7) described similar findings using a perifusion system. Within the next few years, several other patients with the syndrome were recognized (8) and finally, identification of two patients prior to surgical removal of the extrapituitary tumor resulted in the preservation of two pancreatic islet tumors from which GH-releasing hormone (GRH) was eventually isolated and sequenced (9,10).
The determination of thyroxine in the thyroid gland of the rat.

Most procedures used for the separation of thyroxine from other iodinecontaining compounds of the thyroid gland are based on either the method of Harington and Randall (I) or that of Leland and Foster (2). In the former the thyroxine is separated from diiodotyrosine by precipitation in a slightly acid medium, whereas in Leland and Foster’s method thyroxine is extracted with butyl alcohol from an alkaline hydrolysate of thyroid tissue. Leland and Foster observed that their method yielded much lower values for the thyroxine content of thyroid material than did the method of Harington and Randall; they attributed this to the presence of diiodotyrosine in the acid-insoluble fraction. Blau (3) modified the method of Leland and Foster by adjusting the alkaline hydrolysate to pH 3.5 to 4.0 before its extraction with butyl alcohol. The thyroxine values obtained by this modification are 10 to 20 per cent higher than those obtained by the original Leland and Foster method, but still much lower than those obtained by the acid precipitation procedure of Harington and Randall (4). The methods referred to above were designed for the analysis of relatively large amounts of thyroid tissue. Foster (5) subsequently adapted the butyl alcohol extraction procedure for the determination of the thyroxine content of the guinea pig thyroid. In the present communication a modification of Foster’s method is described. Data on the thyroxine content of the rat thyroid are also presented.
Growing Local Food Systems: Information Technology Use and Impacts in Geographically-Embedded Markets

Over recent decades, reliance on global food systems involving highly distributed supply chains has increased. However, as awareness of environmental, social, and health consequences of these arrangements has developed, so has interest in local food systems (LFSs) in which consumers are served by nearby producers and intermediaries. Yet, in spite of the purported benefits of LFSs, there are challenges which limit their impact. There is an opportunity for IS scholars to contribute by examining how technology is and could be used in geographically-embedded markets like LFSs. We draw on prior studies of IT use and impacts in markets to generate exploratory propositions regarding ways that IT might be used to in LFSs. The results have the potential to build a bridge between IS research and the study and development of LFSs and, thus, create opportunities for IS scholars to contribute directly to the economic health and quality of life
Black Is Not Beautiful: The German Myth of Race

This chapter about German visual culture focuses on the “blackface mentality” and the image of the colonized African native. Both phenomena reveal the hierarchal power relationships by objectifying all people of African-descent into one, monolithic racial stereotype and caricature. This racist visual culture fuels the Germans’ continuing negative attitudes, perceptions, and images of Blacks and Blackness. The chapter explores the pervasive employment of blackface as well as the image of the colonized African native in marketing and in a children’s book (Der kleine schwarze Sambo) and song, “Zehn Negerlin.” In addition to looking at the experiences of people of African descent living in Germany, she also examines the implications for the present influx of “darker-skinned” immigrants into Germany and Angela Merkel’s “Willkommenskultur” (“welcome culture”).
Inhibition of ABC-Transporters by in silico Identified Small Molecules

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenotype characterized by simultaneous resistance to structurally and functionally dissimilar drugs. MDR is frequently associated with overexpression of tra...
Inferring User Intention using Gaze in Vehicles

Motivated by the desire to give vehicles better information about their drivers, we explore human intent inference in the setting of a human driver riding in a moving vehicle. Specifically, we consider scenarios in which the driver intends to go to or learn about a specific point of interest along the vehicle's route, and an autonomous system is tasked with inferring this point of interest using gaze cues. Because the scene under observation is highly dynamic --- both the background and objects in the scene move independently relative to the driver --- such scenarios are significantly different from the static scenes considered by most literature in the eye tracking community. In this paper, we provide a formulation for this new problem of determining a point of interest in a dynamic scenario. We design an experimental framework to systematically evaluate initial solutions to this novel problem, and we propose our own solution called dynamic interest point detection (DIPD). We experimentally demonstrate the success of DIPD when compared to baseline nearest-neighbor or filtering approaches.
Health and Survival of Moon Jellies (Aurelia Aurita) in Hand-Built Pseudo-Kreisel Aquaria

Jellies are typically considered difficult organisms to raise in the lab by many scientists. This is due to their requirements for constant water current and the absence of corners. In the wild, jellies such as moon jellies (Aurelia aurita) rarely encounter habitats outside of the open ocean where they are part of the plankton, so they are not adapted to navigate obstacles or get out of small spaces such as the corners of aquaria. In order to conduct an experiment utilizing live moon jellies to assess their utility in bioremediation of oil spills, we designed and built 4 pseudo-kreisel aquaria to house our jellies using a limited budget and many readily-available materials. Here, we present the methods used to construct these aquaria inexpensively (important for undergraduate research!) and evidence of their effectiveness in long-term housing of live jellies so that other researchers interested in jelly research can construct similar housing. Briefly, we removed the corners from 10 gallon aquaria and also provided for continuous circular water currents by adding quarter pieces of the sides of 5 gallon buckets attached via silicon sealant. Current was provided by spray bars that provided even water flow in all areas of the aquaria, driven by pumps in the external sump and filtration systems. We built the sump/filtration systems using 5-gallon buckets containing bio-balls and filter floss. Water was delivered to the sumps via PVC overflow plumbed into the aquaria via a bulkhead set into the glass at the desired water level. The overflows were covered with a small piece of fine screen and directly behind the spray bars in order to prevent jellies from becoming stuck as water leaves the system for filtration. Results of husbandry including survival and indicators of jelly health such as pulsing rate and holes in their bells over approximately 3 months will be presented.
SWIM tool application to expression data of glioblastoma stem-like cell lines, corresponding primary tumors and conventional glioma cell lines.

It is well-known that glioblastoma contains self-renewing, stem-like subpopulation with the ability to sustain tumor growth. These cells – called cancer stem-like cells – share certain phenotypic characteristics with untransformed stem cells and are resistant to many conventional cancer therapies, which might explain the limitations in curing human malignancies. Thus, the identification of genes controlling the differentiation of these stem-like cells is becoming a successful therapeutic strategy, owing to the promise of novel targets for treating malignancies. Recently, we developed SWIM, a software able to unveil a small pool of genes – called switch genes – critically associated with drastic changes in cell phenotype. Here, we applied SWIM to the expression profiling of glioblastoma stem-like cells and conventional glioma cell lines, in order to identify switch genes related to stem-like phenotype. SWIM identifies 171 switch genes that are all down-regulated in glioblastoma stem-like cells. This list encompasses genes like CAV1, COL5A1, COL6A3, FLNB, HMMR, ITGA3, ITGA5, MET, SDC1, THBS1, and VEGFC, involved in “ECM-receptor interaction“ and “focal adhesion” pathways. The inhibition of switch genes highly correlates with the activation of genes related to neural development and differentiation, such as the 4-core OLIG2, POU3F2, SALL2, SOX2, whose induction has been shown to be sufficient to reprogram differentiated glioblastoma into stem-like cells. Among switch genes, the transcription factor FOSL1 appears as the brightest star since: it is down-regulated in stem-like cells; it highly negatively correlates with the 4-core genes that are all up-regulated in stem-like cells; the promoter regions of the 4-core genes harbor a consensus binding motif for FOSL1. We suggest that the inhibition of switch genes in stem-like cells could induce the deregulation of cell communication pathways, contributing to neoplastic progression and tumor invasiveness. Conversely, their activation could restore the physiological equilibrium between cell adhesion and migration, hampering the progression of cancer. Moreover, we posit FOSL1 as promising candidate to orchestrate the differentiation of cancer stem-like cells by repressing the 4-core genes’ expression, which severely halts cancer growth and might affect the therapeutic outcome. We suggest FOSL1 as novel putative therapeutic and prognostic biomarker, worthy of further investigation.
Systems Analysis and Design of a Smart Traffic Service System for Predictive and Smarter Mobility and Safety in Roadway Work Zones

Smart traffic service systems entail intelligent traffic analysis applications that enable highly functioning relationships between a range of users, including service consumers and service producers. This review paper envisions a systems architecture to empower a connected vehicle-to-X environment by integrating smart sensing and crowd sourcing technologies, large-scale cloud data analytics and computation, and predictive decision making and optimization into a coherent socio-technical configuration of people, operations and information through multimodal, real-time traffic monitoring, planning and control. Key technical challenges and research issues are discussed with respect to an illustrative case of roadway work zones.
The Opposite of Punishment: Imagining a Path to Public Redemption

The criminal justice system traditionally performs its public functions – condemning prohibited conduct, shaming and stigmatizing violators, promoting societal norms – through the use of negative examples: convicting and punishing violators. One could imagine, however, that the same public functions could also be performed through the use of positive examples: publicly acknowledging and celebrating offenders who have chosen a path of atonement through confession, apology, making amends, acquiescing in just punishment, and promising future law abidingness. An offender who takes this path arguably deserves official public recognition, an update of all records and databases to record the public redemption, and an exemption from all collateral consequences of conviction. This essay explores how and why such a system of public redemption might be constructed, the benefits it might provide to offenders, victims, and society, and the political complications that creation of such a system might encounter.
Cesarean Ectopic Scar Revision

Video Objective To present a laparoscopic approach to secondary surgical management of cesarean scar pregnancy through removal of retained products of conception and scar revision. Setting We present the case of a 29-year-old G4P3 at 6w5d by LMP referred to a tertiary care facility for cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Ultrasound revealed a fetal pole with cardiac motion located at the site of patient's previous cesarean section scar, with bHCG 112,000. Interventions The patient underwent primary medical management with intra-sac and intra-placental administration of methotrexate, followed by intra-embryonic potassium chloride injection to achieve cessation of fetal cardiac motion. bHCG down-trended precipitously, but was persistently positive three months following treatment. Repeat imaging was obtained, which demonstrated retained products of conception (POCs) at the cesarean scar measuring 4.7cm. Given patient's desire for future fertility, she underwent laparoscopic removal of POCs and scar revision. We emphasize the following features of secondary surgical management: temporary bilateral uterine artery ligation, lysis of adhesions between the bladder and lower uterine segment, injection of dilute vasopressin adjacent to defect, enucleation of POCs, and two-layer closure of the myometrial defect. Conclusion There is limited large-scale data or clinical consensus surrounding optimal management for cesarean scar pregnancies. For patients who desire future fertility, little is known about recurrence and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. We present a safe and effective option for secondary surgical management of retained products of conception, which allows for repair of the defect and restoration of normal uterine anatomy.
Effect of MMP-9 gene knockout on retinal vascular form and function.

Retinal degeneration from inherited gene mutation(s) is a common cause of blindness because of structural and functional alterations in photoreceptors. Accordingly, various approaches are being tes...
New leaders in dentistry: dental students

Leadership opportunities for dental students have opened dramatically in recent decades because of the humanistic approach to education that shares responsibility for learning between students and faculty and that values mutual respect. Technology has also had an effect because it creates instant access and global communities. This new student leadership is most apparent in the American Student Dental Association (ASDA), which recently developed a White Paper on ethics, assisted in the establishment of Student Professionalism and Ethics Clubs at schools, and is developing a policy on unsupervised dental care. Students are also demonstrating leadership in research; in dual degrees that enhance teaching and policy; and in community service and outreach.
Soul Food: [Re]framing the African-American Farming Crisis Using the Culture-Centered Approach

Historically, African-American farmers faced a long and challenging struggle to own land and operate independently. In recent years, several factors, including unfair policy legislation, institutionalized racism, the mechanization of agriculture and increases in agricultural technology have exacerbated land loss and decreases in farm ownership. Currently, African-American farmers are vastly underrepresented, comprising just 2% of the nation’s farmers, 0.5% of farmland and 0.2% of total agricultural sales. As a site for inquiry, this topic has been examined across many academic sub-disciplines, however, the literature not explored how the erasure of the African-American farmer influences the conversation about broader diet-related health disparities in the U.S. This overlooked perspective represents a novel approach to rethinking public health interventions and may improve methods for communicating messages about healthy eating to the African American community. In this essay, we extend Dutta’s (2008) Culture-Centered Approach (CCA) to foreground the lived experiences and perspectives of a small cohort of African-American farmers (n=12) living in the U.S. Mid-South as an entry point to address this underexamined area of research and inform future methodological directions of study. Two key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) erasure of the African-American farming tradition and land loss; and (2) solutions to change. Drawing on the understanding that systematic land loss in the African-American community has contributed to wealth disparities between African-Americans and Whites, we argue that the erasure of the African-American farming tradition within mainstream discourses has created communication inequities that disenfranchise the African-American community and may contribute to broader health inequities in food system. Our findings may offer important insights into the methodological development of more effective health campaigns within these communities.
A Consistency Test of EFT Power Countings from Residual Cutoff Dependence

A method to quantitatively assess the consistency of power-counting proposals in Effective Field Theories (EFT) which are non-perturbative at leading order is presented. The Renormalisation Group evolution of an observable predicts the functional form of its residual cutoff dependence on the breakdown scale of an EFT, on the low-momentum scales, and on the order of the calculation. Passing this test is a necessary but not sufficient consistency criterion for a suggested power counting whose exact nature is disputed. In Chiral Effective Field Theory (ChiEFT) with more than one nucleon, a lack of universally accepted analytic solutions obfuscates the convergence pattern in results. This led to proposals which predict different sets of Low Energy Coefficients (LECs) at the same chiral order, and at times even predict a different ordering long-range contributions. The method may independently check whether an observable is renormalised at a given order, and proves estimates of both the breakdown scale and the momentum-dependent order-by-order convergence pattern. Conversely, it helps identify those LECs (and long-range pieces) which ensure renormalised observables at a given order. I also discuss assumptions and the relation to Wilson's Renormalisation Group; useful observable and cutoff choices; the momentum window with likely best signals; its dependence on the values and forms of cutoffs as well as on the EFT parameters; the impact of fitting LECs to data; and caveats as well as limitations. Since the test is designed to minimise the use of data, it quantitatively falsifies if the EFT has been renormalised consistently. This complements other tests which quantify how an EFT compares to experiment. Its application in particular to the 3P0 and P2-3F2 partial waves of NN scattering in ChiEFT may elucidate persistent power-counting issues.
Preoperative Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infection After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties.

Abstract Background Establishing clear risk factors for complications such as urinary tract infection (UTI) after arthroplasty procedures helps guide clinical practice and provides more information to both surgeons and patients. This study aims to assess selected preoperative patient characteristics as risk factors for postoperative UTI after primary total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA and TKA). Methods This was a retrospective analysis using current procedural terminology codes to investigate the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for patients who underwent THA or TKA from 2010 to 2017. Patients were classified for UTI by NSQIP guidelines. Patient samples with all possible covariates were included for multivariate logistic regression analysis and assessed for independent associations. Results In a cohort of 983 identified patients (983 of 119,096; 0.83%): ages 57+ years, preoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, perioperative RBC transfusion, bleeding disorders, operative time 110+ minutes, preoperative steroid use, diabetes, pulmonary comorbidities, body mass index 30+ kg/m2 were independent risk factors for postoperative UTI after THA. In a cohort of 1503 identified patients (1503 of 189,327; 0.8%): ages 60+ years, preoperative RBC transfusion, perioperative RBC transfusion, anemia, platelets less than 150k, preoperative steroid use, diabetes, and body mass index 30+ kg/m2 were independent risk factors for postoperative UTI after TKA. Male sex was associated with a decreased risk of UTI in both THA and TKA. Conclusion This study provides novel evidence on risk factors associated with the development of UTI after THA or TKA. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors in the manifestation of postoperative UTI after primary THA or TKA procedures.
Secondary Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia are Prevalent Among Patients Presenting With Hypertriglyceridemia Induced Acute Pancreatitis.

Abstract Background Hypertriglyceridemia induced acute pancreatitis (HIAP) is the third common cause of acute pancreatitis. HIAP can result in recurrent attacks of severe AP with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) could be primary or secondary. Although genetic causes of HTG are well studied, the prevalence of secondary causes of HTG in patients presenting with HIAP is not well characterized. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of risk factors for secondary hypertriglyceridemia among patients presenting with HIAP in a tertiary referral center in a large metropolitan area. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted with AP from August 2012–2017. A subgroup of patients with triglycerides >880 mg/dl were included for analysis. Secondary causes of HTG were identified. Secondary analysis evaluating the severity of pancreatitis was performed. Results There were 3,746 patients admitted for AP of which 57 patients had AP and HTG. Of these 57 patients, 70.2% had history of diabetes mellitus, 26.3% had history of heavy alcohol use, 22.8% had chronic kidney disease, 47.3% with obesity, and 21.1% with metabolic syndrome. Two patients were classified as unexplained HTG. Secondary analysis showed a total of 45.6% of patients requiring ICU admission. 26.3% of patients with severe inflammatory pancreatitis and 17.5% of patients with severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Conclusions In our cohort of HIAP, 55 out of 57 patients had secondary causes for HTG. Identifying secondary causes of HTG during acute hospitalization is important to tailor outpatient treatment in order to prevent future admissions with HIAP.
History and Experience of the Death Penalty: Is It a Violation of Human Rights?

What crime should you die for? A simple question with a complex answer. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has been one of the most controversial punishments throughout history. The death penalty is still practiced today in the United States, China, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, among others. The death penalty as a form of legal punishment originated from the Code of Hammurabi which codified the principle of “an eye for an eye”. The United States, however, does not follow the Code of Hammurabi--instead, our society follows the philosophies of John Locke and Thomas Jefferson. In the Declaration of Independence (DeYoung, 2014), Jefferson declared that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This paper argues that, under the spirit of Jefferson’s Declaration, the death penalty is a blatant violation of human rights, regardless the crime. It is a denial of the most basic human right of life (Center for Constitutional Rights). This paper proceeds in three parts. Section I provides context by discussing the history of the death penalty. Section II discusses the Supreme Court's decisions on the death penalty and how capital punishment works in specific cases. Section III explores the arguments for and against the death penalty and whether it violates human rights.
Advancing the Evidence Base in the Care of Term and Late Preterm Infants.

In 2019, there were ∼3.7 million births registered in the United States, of which 89.8% were delivered at ≥37 weeks’ gestation (term) and 7.5% were delivered between 34 and 36 weeks’ gestation (late preterm).1 The vast majority of births in the United States occur in the hospital (98.64% in 2012),2 and most otherwise healthy term infants and late preterm infants (LPIs) are cared for in maternity and well-newborn units. Clinicians managing the care of neonates admitted to the well-newborn unit are pediatric hospitalists, general pediatricians, neonatologists, and advance practice providers. Their scope of practice includes well-newborn care, management of common newborn concerns, and providing anticipatory guidance to parents.3 For pediatric hospitalists choosing subspecialty certification in pediatric hospital medicine, competency in newborn care is expected.4 The term “newborn hospitalist” can include clinicians practicing primarily in the NICU, but for the purposes of this commentary, our focus is on the care of term infants and LPIs on maternity and well-newborn units and, in some cases, on the pediatric wards. Term infants and LPIs make up a large proportion of the hospital volume, and major advancements in areas such as the management of sepsis and neonatal weight loss have occurred over the last decade.5,6 However, the evidence base for the care of term infants and LPIs has many gaps, and this month’s Hospital Pediatrics newborn issue sheds light on some topics that newborn hospitalists grapple with. An area of newborn hospital medicine that has received much attention in the past several years is the care of infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). In 2017, there were 7.3 infants with NOWS per …
The Importance of Fundraising and Endowments: The Role of Private Philanthropy

Colleges and universities in the United States have a unique component as part of their fiscal resources. Most institutions throughout the world rely on (1) federal and/or state funding and (2) tuition revenue to support their university. Many countries also have largely federal funding for research that supports the institution through indirect costs, as well as off-sets for faculty salaries and laboratories.
Whole Cow's Milk, Age, and Gastrointestinal Bleeding

To the Editor.— The recent statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics9 Committee on Nutrition1 raises "unanswered" questions. There may be an answer to question 3: "Can the change to cow9s milk when the unfant is 6 months old produce anemia from occult blood loss when the milk is fed in excessive amounts and there is no iron supplementation?" [See table in the PDF file] The answer is to be found in a review of the research records of the 34 subjects in a 1974 report2; the records contain detailed dietary histories recorded by me.
Wave Packets and Their Bifurcations in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics

Wave packet theory evolution of wave packets in barotropic flows global behaviour - wave packet structural vacillation change in global behaviour - bifurcation secondary bifurcation evolution of wave packets in stratified baroclinic basic flow wave packet propagation.