cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovering 3D information from complex aerial imagery

The authors describe a comprehensive stereo analysis system developed to recover the 3D description of an urban area using high-resolution aerial imagery. Given an area of interest in terms of geographic coverage, the system can automatically find the appropriate stereo pair using a spatial database, select control points to register the two images so that epipolar geometry is satisfied, and recover disparity information using two complementary matching techniques. It is believed that stereo mapping research must explicitly address error and uncertainty in both scene registration and stereo matching. In the registration process, five different features can be automatically extracted to select control points for fine image registration. In the stereo matching process two techniques are utilized, an area-based and a feature-based stereo matcher, to generate a disparity map for a scene. Results are shown. An algorithm for stereo matching based upon 1D waveform matching is described. Techniques for generating a rigorous performance analysis to compare stereo matching algorithms on the basis of a manually derived 3D ground truth segmentation are discussed. >
AMPK Keeps Tumor Cells from Starving to Death

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Saito et al. (2015) examine how leukemia-initiating cells react to metabolic stress imposed by different tissue environments. They find that inhibition of the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) led to deranged glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis, resulting in reduced leukemic progression that was further attenuated by dietary restriction.
Novel method to extract arrays of aligned carbon nanotube bundles from CNT film using solder ball grid arrays for higher performance device interconnects

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an attractive electrical interconnect material due to their excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Despite these advantages CNTs have not been widely adopted by industry primarily because of the difficulties associated with integrating CNTs into device electronics. In this paper we demonstrate that bundles of aligned CNTs can be extracted directly from a CNT film using solder ball grid arrays (BGA). The resulting CNT bundles adhere directly to the solder balls and show good vertical alignment. The affect of flux, CNT application displacement and solder ball phase (liquid or solid) on CNT bundle alignment and coverage area were examined. This simple process could be used to mechanically decouple the BGA from the substrate, reducing solder ball fatigue due to thermal cycling and increasing device reliability.
Competitive Internship Candidates: A National Survey of Internship Training Directors.

Given the competition for internship site placement, it is imperative that students gather as much information and guidance as possible. A one-page survey was sent to the 500 internship training directors listed in the 1993-1994 Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) Directory. Training directors rank ordered the relative importance of 10 internship tasks and assessed which professional practice experiences and courses distinguish a competitive applicant. Differences in perception and processing of clinical and counseling psychology applicants were also assessed. Results indicate that expectations of internship candidates vary by agency. Implications for internship candidates and program training directors are included.
Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: a summary review of meta-analytical studies

Background The aetiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied and is the subject of numerous meta-analyses and pooled analyses. We have summarized results from these pooled and meta-analytical studies to estimate the fraction of PCs attributable to each of the identified risk factors. Methods Using a comprehensive strategy, we retrieved 117 meta-analytical or pooled reports dealing with the association between specific risk factors and PC risk. We combined estimates of relative risk and estimates of exposure to calculate the fraction of PCs caused or prevented by a particular exposure. Results Tobacco smoking ('strong' evidence) and Helicobacter pylori infection ('moderate' evidence) are the major risk factors associated with PC, with respective estimated population attributable fractions of 11-32% and 4-25%. The major protective factors are history of allergy ('strong' evidence) and increasing fruit or folate intake ('moderate' evidence), with respective population preventable fractions of 3-7% and 0-12%. Conclusions We summarized results of 117 meta-analytical or pooled data reports dealing with 37 aetiological exposures, to obtain robust information about the suspected causes of PC. By combining these estimates with their prevalences in the population, we calculated population attributable or population preventable fractions. About two-thirds of the major risk factors associated with PC are potentially modifiable, affording a unique opportunity for preventing one of our deadliest cancers.
RT-PCR specific for Cryspovirus is a highly sensitive method for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Cryptosporidium parvum represents a considerable health risk to humans and animals because the parasite has a low infectious dose and is usually present at low numbers in environmental samples, which makes detection problematic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Cryspovirus as a target for sensitive detection of C. parvum in clinical samples. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqRT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) directed to Cryspovirus sequences could detect less than 5 Cryptosporidium oocysts in RNA extracted from C. parvum-containing calf feces. Of interest was that a similar level of sensitivity was observed using RNA present in DNA extracts of the same C. parvum fecal samples. There was a strong correlation between both the sqRT-PCR and qRT-PCR product and number of C. parvum oocysts. Analysis of DNA extracted from a similar number of oocysts using PCR targeting the Cryptosporidium SSU rDNA gene sequence found that nested PCR was necessary to obtain a detectable PCR signal. The availability of DNA allowed for Cryptosporidium genotyping based on SSU rDNA sequencing as well as C. parvum subtyping through GP60 sequencing. By using DNA that contains viral RNA, the assay avoids two separate extractions — one for RNA and one for DNA. This two-step assay, first to detect Cryptosporidium by Cryspovirus-specific RT-PCR followed by nested SSU rDNA PCR for Cryptosporidium genotyping may represent an important tool for identifying the parasite in clinical samples.
The Friction and Wear of Rubber Part 1: Effects of Dynamically Changing Slip Direction and the Damage Orientation Distribution Function

Abstract In Part 1, results of an experimental and analytical study are offered which examined the effects of a dynamically changing slip direction on a rubber surface's friction and wear performance and on the properties of an industrial abrasive. For a filled SBR compound, it was found that a dynamically changing slip direction had a small effect on the friction/traction performance, but a substantial beneficial effect on the surface's wear performance. The abrasive's ability to generate wear was found to be strongly dependent on the accumulation of side slip over the life of the abrasive. Conceptualization of the Damage Orientation Distribution Function is offered to describe the statistical nature of the oriented damage generated on a slipping rubber surface. The experimental results are shown to be in excellent agreement with model predictions based on several simple assumptions regarding the effects that changing slip orientation has on the response of the Distribution Function.
Study on Flame Characteristics in Aerosols by Industrial Heat Transfer Fluids

Due to the complexity of aerosol formation and the combustion process, fire and explosion hazards of flammable aerosols formed in the process industry are not fully understood. In this study, the flame propagation process of aerosolized industrial heat transfer fluids was investigated to understand the combustion phenomena in aerosol systems. Experimental observation shows different characteristics of flames propagation in aerosol systems, which are determined by the evaporated fuel vapor in aerosol system prior to encountering the flame and the amount of fuel vapor from droplets evaporating inside flames. Numerical modeling revealed that these factors were mainly determined by aerosol droplet size and velocity. The observed characteristics of the aerosol flames and the nature of continuous fuel evaporation that causes the reduction of droplet sizes suggest that ignition of flammable aerosols in the process plant might create more severe consequences than ignition of vapor mixtures. Results also imply that the aerosol dispersion conditions, as well as its formation conditions in scenarios of industrial fluid release, which determine the droplet size and movement velocity, need to be considered in assessment of fire hazard from the flammable aerosols.
Rudimentary Mandibular Teeth of Scalopus aquaticus

The dental formula usually given for the prairie mole, Scalopus aquaticus , is: ![Formula][1] This formula dates from Mivart (1867) and Dobson (1882) and has been more or less uncritically accepted since that time. However, it was early noted that in the lower jaw, small rudimentary teeth sometimes appear in the gap between the incisors and the premolars. Mivart (1867) noted that in one British Museum specimen a minute rudimentary tooth was found which he thought might represent the canine. Leche (1895) sectioned the head of a juvenile Scalopus , 49 mm. in length from nose to anus, and described the development of the milk and permanent dentition. He noted that posterior to I2 a third tooth appeared that was represented by both milk and permanent primordia. He called these “dI3” and “I3.” The primordium of the milk tooth was well developed but that of the permanent tooth was degenerate. In addition to these primordia, Leche found another pair which he called “dC” and “C.” He described them as perfectly formed and noted that in his specimen, the permanent one was calcified but undergoing resorption. He stated that “C” often develops into a small peg-like tooth that may be found in adult moles. Leche gave the following complete dental formula for Scalopus : ![Formula][2] Large numbers designate permanent teeth; small numbers, milk teeth. Asterisks indicate the abortive teeth in the series. Leche recognized that the assumption that the first abortive tooth is an incisor and the second a canine was unwarranted but stated that he adopted Dobson's formula as a point of departure. Jackson (1915) stated in a footnote (p. 30), “The actual dentition of Scalopus is: i.3/3; c.1/1; pm.3/3; m.3/3; total, 40. The third lower incisor and the lower canine are non-persistent and disappear before the … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
Environmental Protest and the Greening of the State: A Comparison of Pre-Transition Poland and Contemporary China

Environmental social movements emerged at the national level in communist Poland, but not in the People's Republic of China. One little-understood reason for this difference is that the Chinese communist regime is far more decentralized than its counterpart in communist Poland was. Claimants in China tend to organize their collective actions around specific, localized issues rather than focus on a common, unifying target that might facilitate nationwide mobilization.
Epidemic Development Analyse of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome From 1992 to 2006 in Taian City

Objective To analyse the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),master its epidemic reqularity,so as to provide scientific basis for the draw up of prevention and cure of HFRS in Taian.Method Epidemic situation information and the monitoring data of animal host carrying virus were analysed in descriptive epidemiology.Results There were 9 674 cases of HFRS from 1992 to 2006,and the mean annual disease incidence was 11.8/105.There were 25 cases of death,the mortality was 0.26%.The incidence of HFRS in Taian was seasonal,presenting bimodal type.The incidence in spring was higher than winter.Most patients were young adult male farmer.The incidence of HFRS of male was higher than female.All six administered counties(cities\\districts) were incidence area.The constitution of rats type varies:The dominance rodent's specie indoor was sewer rat while outdoor was Apodemus agrarius.Conclusion Taian City is a mixed type HFRS endemic area with the R.norvegicus soccer as the dominant rat.
Experimental characterization of a Rear Door Heat exchanger with localized containment

In this experimental study a unique configuration of a isolated cabinet with IBM Rear Door Heat exchanger was utilized. This experimental test setup is located in the ES2 data center laboratory at Binghamton University. The cabinet was populated by 16 servers (2 RU) and one 9 RU server simulator. With this equipment a maximum of about 15.9 kW can be generated. Localized cold aisle containment was employed in order to provide a more uniform inlet air temperature to the IT equipment. A single perforated tile is located in front of the cabinet within the containment enclosure. Two types of tiles with 65% and 22% open perforation area were used in different experiments. On the water side of the heat exchanger, a control system maintains the water temperature (by controlling three-way valve) and the water flow rate (by controlling pump speed). The control system also can monitor and collect water supply and return temperature data. For the experimental air side measurements a Mobile Temperature/Velocity Mesh (MTVM) was developed in order to measure air temperature/velocity at the front and rear of the cabinet. This sensor system obtains measurements on a grid in a 2D plane and the data is transferred via a network connection.
Corporate Environmental Risk Communication: Cases and Practices Along the Texas Gulf Coast

Industries that manufacture and discharge toxic and hazardous materials into the environment, especially chemical companies, are increasingly seeing it in their interest to improve communication with community members. Framed by what has been termed a risk democracy perspective, this chapter examines risk communication cases and practices of the Texas coast chemical industry. These cases demonstrate the value of communication outreach efforts that accommodate key publics’ cognitive involvement, desire for control, uncertainty, efforts to balance harms and benefits, knowledge of risks and their solutions, trust, and problem definition. By contrasting five cases featuring successful and unsuccessful communication efforts, the author attempts to create greater awareness of risk communication processes and strategies and seeks to enhance understanding and agreement between those entities that create risk and persons who are risk intolerant.
Class noise detection using frequent itemsets

The presence of a substantial number of noisy instances in a given dataset may adversely affect the hypothesis learnt from that data. Removing noisy instances prior to the construction of a classifier has been shown to improve the classification ability of a learner on new data. This paper introduces a novel technique for identifying observations with class noise in a dataset using frequent itemsets. For the given dataset, each instance is assigned a NoiseFactor, indicating a relative likelihood that it contains class noise. A frequent itemset is a set of instances with common attribute values which contains at least as many instances as a user-defined minimum support threshold. Consequently, the set of frequent itemsets contains information related to the structure and dependence between the attributes. Each frequent itemset is assigned a class, based on the proportion of instances within the itemset from each class. Instances that are contained in itemsets that have a large proportion of instances from the other class are identified as noisy. The technique proposed in this paper is analyzed in numerous case studies using real-world software measurement datasets with either inherent or injected noise. A comparison is provided with two well-known techniques for the identification of class noise: Classification Filter and Ensemble Filter. The results demonstrate that this new algorithm is very effective at identifying instances with class noise.
Convex Optimization in Infinite Dimensional Spaces

The duality approach to solving convex optimization problems is studied in detail using tools in convex analysis and the theory of conjugate functions. Conditions for the duality formalism to hold are developed which require that the optimal value of the original problem vary continuously with respect to perturbations in the constraints only along feasible directions; this is sufficient to imply existence for the dual problem and no duality gap. These conditions are also posed as certain local compactness requirements on the dual feasibility set, based on a characterization of locally compact convex sets in locally convex spaces in terms of nonempty relative interiors of the corresponding polar sets. The duality theory and related convex analysis developed here have applications in the study of Bellman-Hamilton Jacobi equations and Optimal Transportation problems. See Fleming-Soner [8] and Villani [9].
DroidForensics: Accurate Reconstruction of Android Attacks via Multi-layer Forensic Logging

The goal of cyber attack investigation is to fully reconstruct the details of an attack, so we can trace back to its origin, and recover the system from the damage caused by the attack. However, it is often difficult and requires tremendous manual efforts because attack events occurred days or even weeks before the investigation and detailed information we need is not available anymore. Consequently, forensic logging is significantly important for cyber attack investigation. In this paper, we present DroidForensics, a multi-layer forensic logging technique for Android. Our goal is to provide the user with detailed information about attack behaviors that can enable accurate post-mortem investigation of Android attacks. DroidForensics consists of three logging modules. API logger captures Android API calls that contain high-level semantics of an application. Binder logger records interactions between applications to identify causal relations between processes, and system call logger efficiently monitors low-level system events. We also provide the user interface that the user can compose SQL-like queries to inspect an attack. Our experiments show that Droid Forensics has low runtime overhead (2.9% on average) and low space overhead (105 ~ 169 MByte during 24 hours) on real Android devices. It is effective in the reconstruction of realworld Android attacks we have studied.
Training in endoscopic submucosal dissection from a Western perspective

Abstract Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a mature endoscopic procedure that was developed in Japan to enable the en bloc, curative resection of superficial dysplastic lesions in the luminal gastrointestinal tract that have a low risk of lymph node metastasis. ESD requires a cognitive understanding of endosurgical principles, the ability to apply advanced optical imaging techniques to diagnose and stage lesions, and a high degree of endoscopic skill. Training in ESD should ideally begin with small lesions in the distal stomach, but such an approach is not applicable to endoscopists who are trying to learn and perform ESD in Western countries; as such, a “prevalence-based approach” is required that might vary from country to country. Proposed thresholds for attaining and maintaining competence in ESD, particularly for Western endoscopists, include rates of en bloc resection ≥80% and adverse events ≤10%. Endoscopists skilled in ESD should achieve rates of en bloc resection ≥90% and adverse events ≤5%. In order to offer ESD on a national level, a critical mass of endoscopists proficient in ESD is required who can then establish regional or national training centers and teach others with the requisite endoscopic skill and experience how to perform this elegant procedure. In the United States, ESD-specific billing codes are required to defray the procedural cost for endoscopy centers and health systems and to adequately compensate those endoscopists who offer this procedure as a life-saving alternative to more invasive surgical resection.
Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicide Resistant and Susceptible Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Soil-Applied Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides

Palmer amaranth resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides has become an increasing problem to producers throughout the southeast region of the United States. Traditionally, these herbicides can be used as foliar-applied and soil-applied in glyphosate resistant (GR) cropping systems to control GR Palmer amaranth. Heavy reliance on PPO herbicides has contributed to the increased selection for PPO inhibitor-resistant (PPO-R) Palmer amaranth biotypes. Dose response greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of soil-applied flumioxazin, fomesafen, saflufenacil and sulfentrazone on a known susceptible (S) and resistant (R) Palmer amaranth biotype. Both R and S populations reached maximum germination at 14 d after treatment (DAT). The data from this study suggests complete control (100%) was achieved for the S biotype at 35 d after treatment (DAT) with all herbicides. The R biotype showed difference among herbicide treatments with flumioxazin and saflufenacil having similar responses in control and fomesafen and sulfentrazone resulting in less control of the R Palmer amaranth biotypes. The calculated relative resistance factor ranged from 3.5 to 6.0, and averaged 5X for the four herbicides. This research indicated that the PPO-R population was still responsive to all tested herbicides, but a low level of resistance was present.Nomenclature: Flumioxazin; fomesafen; saflufenacil; sulfentrazone; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats
The Ecological Approach to People-Environment Transactions:

Despite its commitment to person-in-environment, social work practice has done little to develop concepts, principles, and skills for work with people-environment transactions. This article examine...
Extending Apache Spark with a Mediation Layer

With the recent growth of data volumes in many disciplines of both industry and academia many new Big Data Management systems have emerged to provide scalable tools for efficient data storing, processing and analysis. However, most of these systems offer little support for efficiently integrating multiple external sources under a uniform schema and a single query access point, which greatly simplifies further analytics. In this work, we present Spark Mediator, a system that extends the logical data integration capabilities of Apache Spark. As a use case, we show the application of Spark Mediator to the integration of schizophrenia neuroimaging data and compare with previous data integration systems.
Cardiovascular System as a Target of Drug- and Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity: Overview

This introductory chapter summarizes the objectives of the editors in organizing the material incorporated into this volume and provides a broad outline of the topics covered.
Ambulatory care and rehabilitation in COPD.

As a first step in rehabilitation of the patient with COPD, smoking must be stopped. Then, depending on the nature of his disease, an individualized combination of bronchodilators, antibiotics, exercise, and supplemental oxygen can be called into play.
Separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the currently available strategies and experimental methods for enriched metallic or semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and provide a perspective on the further development. A number of micro- and macroscopic techniques have been used for the characterization and differentiation of semiconducting and metallic SWNTs in a given sample. Both semiconducting and metallic SWNTs have optical signatures in the visible and near-IR wavelength regions, corresponding to their respective electronic transitions. Three major production methods for SWNTs are arc-discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition.
Research–Practice Partnerships in Education

The field of education has seen a sharp increase in the formation and participation of research–practice partnerships (RPPs) over the last two decades. Bringing together two parties in education that share a concern for improved student outcomes but differ dramatically in their approaches to that end, RPPs in education have not only grown in number and type, but complementary organizations and efforts have begun to emerge as well. In this contribution, we explore the reasons for these changes, grounding our work in the organizational and institutional theories literature from sociology.
Cubic Dice: Archaeological Material for Understanding Historical Processes

The characteristics of dice found in archaeological contexts assist in the understanding of historical processes and human behavior. The dice attributes of configuration and dot pattern are regionally and/or temporally specific and can be used to help date dice themselves or the context in which they are found. As well, dice have been used to decipher Etruscan words and may identify novice and expert dice makers in the archaeological record. The shape and size of the dots and dice cubes further inform the distinctive appearance of dice in medieval versus Roman times.
Behind the emergence of management scholarly communities in Asia and Africa

Management scholarly communities have recently emerged in Asia and Africa. What are the antecedents behind their rise? What are the processes that facilitate their acceptance by internal an...
Laser physics. Attosecond pulses at last

The shortest ever laser pulses — lasting mere attoseconds — have probably been created in laboratories, but no one has been able to measure them accurately. A new experiment does just that and opens the door to a fresh era of attosecond laser science.
Age truncation of alewife in Lake Michigan

Abstract Empirical evidence has shown increased variability in harvest and recruitment of exploited fish populations, which can result directly from exploitation or indirectly from interactions between external drivers and the internal dynamics of age-structured populations. We investigated whether predation in a freshwater system could affect a prey fish population, in the same way fishing affects targeted populations. Using fishery-independent trawl survey data and a suite of quantitative indicators, we evaluated changes in the alewife population in Lake Michigan. Our results provide evidence for a reduction in the mean spawner age, a reduction in the diversity of age classes and the distribution of biomass across them, and increased variability in the proportion of first time spawners in the spawning stock. We used wavelet analysis and estimates of lifetime egg production to demonstrate how the alewife population displays behaviors of instability as the overall biomass declines. Our results provide evidence that predation pressure can influence prey fish populations in a similar manner to fishing on harvested populations, and that conservation of a broad reproducing age structure is likely to be important for buffering against adverse environmental fluctuations and for sustainable management of fish populations.
The Impact of FEMA on U.S. Corruption: Implications for Policy

This Policy Comment examines the effect that federal government disaster relief payments have on local corruption. Using econometric analysis Leeson and Sobel explain how federal disaster aid acts as a resource windfall and why states that have more natural disasters see higher levels of public corruption. They explain how public corruption has negative effects on communities' long-term prosperity and describe how policy makers can craft disaster response policies to minimize these negative unintended consequences. With the Hurricane Katrina debacle raising questions about public corruption's impact on disaster relief, corruption has once again become an important issue in American politics. This comment, however, analyzes not corruption's impact on disaster relief, but rather the impact that disaster relief has on corruption. Disaster relief floods money and resources into the affected area, which provides public officials the incentive and opportunity to gain wealth through corrupt practices. Our analysis shows that states that receive more disaster relief also have more instances of public corruption. Corruption not only hinders the effective management of disaster relief, but it also has long-term consequences for economic prosperity. More corruption is associated with lower growth and investment, and states that receive disaster relief often suffer from these effects. When determining the best course of action, policy makers must remember that increased corruption is an unintended consequence of disaster relief. Increased oversight is unlikely to solve the problem of corruption because of the circumstances surrounding natural disaster. The time sensitive nature of the disaster relief means that protocol will take a backseat when disasters actually strike. Policies that assume the federal government plays the primary role in disaster response are the most susceptible to corruption. Total elimination of public corruption generated by disaster relief will not be possible so long as FEMA relief exists. Any plan to reform disaster relief that intends to minimize corruption should recognize the role of local actors, presumably charities and business, and create space for them to react in time of crisis. Policy makers should recognize the consequences of disaster relief when dealing with urgent crises in order to make sure that they do not hinder the long-term prosperity of a community.
Combining Chalcones with Donepezil to Inhibit Both Cholinesterases and Aβ Fibril Assembly.

The fact that the number of people with Alzheimer’s disease is increasing, combined with the limited availability of drugs for its treatment, emphasize the need for the development of novel effective therapeutics for treating this brain disorder. Herein, we focus on generating 12 chalcone-donepezil hybrids, with the goal of simultaneously targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides as well as cholinesterases (i.e., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)). We present the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of these two series of novel 1,3-chalcone-donepezil (15a–15f) or 1,4-chalcone-donepezil (16a–16f) hybrids. We evaluate the relationship between their structures and their ability to inhibit AChE/BChE activity as well as their ability to bind Aβ peptides. We show that several of these novel chalcone-donepezil hybrids can successfully inhibit AChE/BChE as well as the assembly of N-biotinylated Aβ(1–42) oligomers. We also demonstrate that the Aβ binding site of these hybrids differs from that of Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB).
Dicobalt (II) hydroxo-selenite: Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of Co2SeO3(OH)2

Abstract A previously unreported dicobalt hydroxo-selenite Co2SeO3(OH)2 was synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. Its crystal structure, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient temperature, is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit cell parameters a ​= ​7.716 ​A, b ​= ​5.823 ​A, c ​= ​9.556 ​A, β ​= ​97.38°, and Z ​= ​4. Bond valence sums indicate that the cations have the oxidation states Co(II) and Se(IV), and allow us to locate the hydrogens in the structure. Chains of edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra extending along [010] are connected by pairs of edge sharing CoO6 octahedra, forming a two-dimensional Co-based magnetic plane. These magnetic planes are connected by two SeO32− pyramids. The magnetic properties of the Co2+ ions are dominated by antiferromagnetic interactions, evident by the negative Curie-Weiss temperature of −97.6 ​K. Long-range ordered antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below a transition temperature at 65 ​K.
Development and Evaluation of Temporary Traffic Control Devices for Unmanned Aerial System Operations

AbstractUnmanned aerial systems (UASs) are an emerging technology being used in many fields, including surveying engineering. When UASs are used for these activities, they may operate in close prox...
Systems change for suicide prevention among adolescents: a rural Wisconsin county approach.

Background Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in Wisconsin. Between the years 2012 and 2016, rural counties in Wisconsin had statistically significantly higher rates of suicide than urban counties. Counties in northern and western Wisconsin have some of the highest rates of suicide, with several counties having rates nearly double the state suicide rate for the same time period. Study aim This study investigates the utility of a systems-level, primary prevention suicide prevention strategy in reducing suicide in a rural Wisconsin county. This project focuses upstream to promote behavioural health resiliency and decrease risk factors for suicide. Results County-level suicide rates decreased over time. Youth Risk Behaviour Survey results demonstrate that the percentage of students in the high school who report that they have an adult in the school to turn to for support increased by 11%. In addition, the number of students reporting a suicide attempt over the past 12 months decreased from 8.4% to 7.2%. Trust among project partners remained above 75% across the three survey timepoints, and the results demonstrated that power became more equally dispersed over time. There was an increase in community knowledge in where to go for help in an emotional crisis. Discussion Systems change to prevent suicide is a complex undertaking but can affect change at the county level. In our study county, we learnt that a strong implementation body (our Partnership Council) and buy-in from key partners is essential in creating change at the systems level.
Things That Are Good: Tracing Entanglements of Hope

Combining journal entries and reflections of past and present moments, this chapter conceptualizes grief and hope as working through, tracing entanglements of past and future. Specifically, this chapter begins with the memory of grief, a death, to think through other griefs: the ending of a relationship, the boxing up of a house and other movings on. Returning to lists of “things that are good,” I think with hope as working through large and small griefs in granular, minute ways that don’t always make sense and are not always linear. I think with these lists as an assertion of being-there, and being human, and how, through their repetition and refrain become a hopeful insistence. Hope as an affirmative orienting to future possible becomings. Hope as working through.
Principles for data analysis workflows

A systematic and reproducible "workflow"-the process that moves a scientific investigation from raw data to coherent research question to insightful contribution-should be a fundamental part of academic data-intensive research practice. In this paper, we elaborate basic principles of a reproducible data analysis workflow by defining 3 phases: the Explore, Refine, and Produce Phases. Each phase is roughly centered around the audience to whom research decisions, methodologies, and results are being immediately communicated. Importantly, each phase can also give rise to a number of research products beyond traditional academic publications. Where relevant, we draw analogies between design principles and established practice in software development. The guidance provided here is not intended to be a strict rulebook; rather, the suggestions for practices and tools to advance reproducible, sound data-intensive analysis may furnish support for both students new to research and current researchers who are new to data-intensive work.
A General Strategy to Control Viscosity Sensitivity of Molecular Rotor-Based Fluorophores

Molecular rotor-based fluorophores (RBFs) have been widely used in many fields. However, the lack of control of their viscosity sensitivity limits their application. Herein, this problem is resolved by chemically installing extended π-rich alternating carbon-carbon linkages between the rotational electron donors and acceptors of RBFs. The data reveal that the length of the linkage strongly influences the viscosity sensitivity, likely resulting from varying height of the energy barriers between the fluorescent planar and the dark twisted configurations. Three RBF derivatives that span a wide range of viscosity sensitivities were designed. These RBFs demonstrated, through a dual-color imaging strategy, that they can differentiate misfolded protein oligomers and insoluble aggregates, both in test tubes and live cells. Beyond RBFs, it is envisioned that this chemical mechanism might be generally applicable to a wide range of photoisomerizable and aggregation-induced emission fluorophores.
The effect of differential force system and minimal surgical intervention on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption.

OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to quantify the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) with differential force system in conjunction with minimal surgical insult. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15-week-old, 48 male Wistar rats were used in the research and were randomly divided into six groups: 1. Group 1 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 8-g force; 2. Group 2 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 25-g force; 3. Group 3 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 100-g force; 4. Group 4 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 8-g force and alveolar decortications (ADs); 5. Group 5 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 25-g force and ADs; 6. Group 6 (8 Wistar rats): OTM for 14 days with 100-g force and ADs. A nickel-titanium spring was used to protract the molar mesially using maxillary incisors as an anchorage. ADs (minimal surgical insult) were done using a hand piece and a round bur, adjacent to the left first maxillary molar on the palatal alveolar bone. After 14 days of OTM, Wistar rats were killed and microfocus computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS The 100-g group showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in OTM. However, with ADs, the OTM was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 8 and 100 g. In addition, with ADs, there is significant increase (P < 0.05) in OIRR and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in bone volume fraction. Histological quantification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase indicated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the number of osteoclasts with ADs when compared without ADs. CONCLUSIONS Light force in conjunction with ADs are optimal to accelerate the OTM. Additionally, ADs increases the OIRR.
On the complexity of bidirected interleaved Dyck-reachability

Many program analyses need to reason about pairs of matching actions, such as call/return, lock/unlock, or set-field/get-field. The family of Dyck languages {Dk}, where Dk has k kinds of parenthesis pairs, can be used to model matching actions as balanced parentheses. Consequently, many program-analysis problems can be formulated as Dyck-reachability problems on edge-labeled digraphs. Interleaved Dyck-reachability (InterDyck-reachability), denoted by Dk ⊙ Dk-reachability, is a natural extension of Dyck-reachability that allows one to formulate program-analysis problems that involve multiple kinds of matching-action pairs. Unfortunately, the general InterDyck-reachability problem is undecidable. In this paper, we study variants of InterDyck-reachability on bidirected graphs, where for each edge ⟨ p, q ⟩ labeled by an open parenthesis ”(a”, there is an edge ⟨ q, p ⟩ labeled by the corresponding close parenthesis ”)a”, and vice versa. Language-reachability on a bidirected graph has proven to be useful both (1) in its own right, as a way to formalize many program-analysis problems, such as pointer analysis, and (2) as a relaxation method that uses a fast algorithm to over-approximate language-reachability on a directed graph. However, unlike its directed counterpart, the complexity of bidirected InterDyck-reachability still remains open. We establish the first decidable variant (i.e., D1 ⊙ D1-reachability) of bidirected InterDyck-reachability. In D1 ⊙ D1-reachability, each of the two Dyck languages is restricted to have only a single kind of parenthesis pair. In particular, we show that the bidirected D1 ⊙ D1 problem is in PTIME. We also show that when one extends each Dyck language to involve k different kinds of parentheses (i.e., Dk ⊙ Dk-reachability with k ≥ 2), the problem is NP-hard (and therefore much harder). We have implemented the polynomial-time algorithm for bidirected D1 ⊙ D1-reachability. Dk ⊙ Dk-reachability provides a new over-approximation method for bidirected Dk ⊙ Dk-reachability in the sense that Dk⊙ Dk-reachability can first be relaxed to bidirected D1 ⊙ D1-reachability, and then the resulting bidirected D1 ⊙ D1-reachability problem is solved precisely. We compare this D1 ⊙ D1-reachability-based approach against another known over-approximating Dk ⊙ Dk-reachability algorithm. Surprisingly, we found that the over-approximation approach based on bidirected D1 ⊙ D1-reachability computes more precise solutions, even though the D1⊙ D1 formalism is inherently less expressive than the Dk⊙ Dk formalism.
Single-cell resolution landscape of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals diverse cell types including T-bet + B cells

Traditional laboratory model organisms represent a small fraction of the diversity of multicellular life, and findings in any given experimental model often do not translate to other species. Immunology research in non-traditional model organisms can be advantageous or even necessary, such as when studying host-pathogen interactions. However, such research presents multiple challenges, many stemming from an incomplete understanding of potentially species-specific immune cell types, frequencies, and phenotypes. Identifying and characterizing immune cells in such organisms is frequently limited by the availability of species-reactive immunophenotyping reagents for flow cytometry, and insufficient prior knowledge of cell type-defining markers. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to characterize immune cells for which traditional experimental tools are limited. Specifically, we used scRNA-Seq to comprehensively define the cellular diversity of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy horses across different breeds, ages, and sexes. We identified 30 cell type clusters partitioned into five major populations: monocytes/dendritic cells, B cells, CD3+PRF1+ lymphocytes, CD3+PRF1− lymphocytes, and basophils. Comparative analyses revealed many cell populations analogous to human PBMC, including transcriptionally heterogeneous monocytes and distinct dendritic cell subsets (cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC). Remarkably, we found that a majority of the equine peripheral B cell compartment is comprised of T-bet+ B cells, an immune cell subpopulation typically associated with chronic infection and inflammation in human and mouse. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of scRNA-Seq for cellular analyses in non-traditional model organisms and form the basis for an immune cell atlas of horse peripheral blood.
Does informality increase the spread of COVID-19 in Africa? A cross-country examination

The informal economy absorbs a large share (more than 80%) of the labour force in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We examine whether a high level of informality tends to exacerbate the spread of the COVI...
Male sex, ostomy, infection, and intravenous fluids are associated with increased risk of postoperative ileus in elective colorectal surgery.

Abstract Background Postoperative ileus is a common and costly complication after elective colorectal surgery. Effects of intravenous fluid administration remain controversial, and the effect of ostomy construction has not been fully evaluated. Various restrictive intravenous fluid protocols may adversely affect renal function. We aimed to investigate the impact of intestinal reconstruction and intravenous fluid on ileus and renal function after colorectal resection under an enhanced recovery protocol. Methods A retrospective study of a prospectively maintained institutional database for a tertiary academic medical center following National Surgical Quality Improvement Program standards was reviewed, analyzing elective colorectal resections performed under enhanced recovery protocol from 2015 to 2018. Postoperative ileus was defined as nasogastric decompression, nil per os >3 days postoperatively, or nasogastric tube insertion. Patients with and without ileus were compared. Intravenous fluid and different anastomoses and ostomies were investigated. Acute kidney injury was a secondary outcome, due to the potential of renal damage with restriction of intravenous fluid volume during and after surgery and controversy in current literature in this matter. Results Postoperative ileus occurred in 18.5% of patients (n = 464). Male sex (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.12–3.52) and postoperative infection (odds ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.03–4.35) were associated with ileus. Compared to colorectal anastomosis, ileostomy/ileorectal anastomosis had the highest risk of ileus (odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval 2.33–11.3), colostomy second highest (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.35–8.39), while ileocolic anastomosis did not significantly differ (odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 0.69–5.85) on multivariate analysis. Each liter of intravenous fluid within the first 72 hours significantly correlated with postoperative ileus (odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.59). Rates of acute kidney injury did not differ (P = .18). Conclusion Each additional liter of intravenous fluid given in the first 72 hours increased the risk of postoperative ileus 1.4-fold. There is substantially higher risk of ileus with male sex, infection, ileostomy/ileorectal anastomosis, and colostomy. Judicious use of intravenous fluid, as described in our enhanced recovery protocol, is not detrimental for renal function in the setting of normal baseline.
Regulations and Norms for Reuse of Residual Clinical Biospecimens and Health Data.

Nurse scientists are increasingly interested in conducting secondary research using real world collections of biospecimens and health data. The purposes of this scoping review are to (a) identify f...
Deep glassy state dynamic data challenge glass models: Elastic models

Abstract There is increasing experimental evidence that suggests that the dynamics of glass forming liquids do not diverge at finite temperature above zero Kelvin, at the same time there has been recent progress in the development of non-diverging glass transition models. In this work we examine two non-diverging models: the elastically collective nonlinear Langevin equation theory (ECNLE) and the shoving model, both of which relate an energy barrier in the glass formation process with elastic motion at small scales. The models are evaluated in comparison with the non-diverging dynamic data obtained in the deep glassy state (very stable) for a 20-million-year-old (20 Ma) ancient amber and for a vapor deposited amorphous Teflon obtained previously. We find that although both models are in qualitative agreement with the dynamic data for the two stable glasses, they still overestimate the actual relaxation times for the deep glassy state below the nominal glass transition temperature and for conditions corresponding to the equilibrium state or in a state in which the glass relaxation times are upper bounds to the equilibrium values.