cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intersection of nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide-related behavior: Patterns of elevated risk and implications for college mental health.

ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the overlap of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide-related behaviors (SRB) among college students with regard to demographics, mental health, and coping styles. Participants: Respondents were 572 undergraduate students at a southwestern public university. Methods: Data were collected in 2015. Respondents completed a demographic survey and assessments of NSSI, SRB, internalizing symptoms (ie, anxiety, stress, and depression), aggression, and negative coping strategies. The survey was administered via a Web-based procedure. Results: Women reported more frequent cutting behaviors than men. Endorsement of NSSI was also associated with an increased likelihood of lifetime SRB. A subgroup of students endorsing both NSSI and SRB demonstrated poorer mental health, more negative coping, and self-reported female sex. Conclusions: College healthcare providers may benefit from competency-based training in techniques for the combination treatment of NSSI and SRB, as well as cultural...
Hyperplasias and Benign Epithelial Tumors

This term includes a group of uncommon to very rare disorders having in common the accentuation of the rugal folds, in part by an increased thickness of the gastric mucosa and in part, as Appelman1 points out, by exaggeration of the submucosal folds. It includes at least four clinical and histologic entities to which a bewildering prolixity of terms have been applied. The best defined of these is the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which is discussed in Chapter 5 on peptic ulceration. Appelman has critically reviewed many of the problems of nomenclature and lack of clear criteria which seem to serve chiefly to illustrate, and perhaps even contribute to, the lack of understanding of the disorders discussed.
Syndrome hanche-rachis : une analyse cadavérique de l’arthrose lombaire et coco-fémorale

Abstract Background Authors have recently proposed the concept of “hip-spine syndrome,” however there exists limited evidence available to differentiate whether these concomitant arthritides are due to anatomic/structural causes or systemic/metabolic effects. Exploring this relationship has important implications during the evaluation and treatment of both spine and hip disorders – a common clinical presentation of many patients. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the individual contribution of hip arthritis towards the development of spine arthritis, with knee arthritis also being analyzed as a negative (systemic) control. Hypothesis Hip and spine arthritis are caused by both metabolic and independent causes. Methods A large, well-organized osteological database was queried and osteoarthritis of the spine, hip and knee joints was quantified using a validated scoring criteria. Six hundred and twenty-five specimens were chosen for analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were created to quantify the independent contributions of age, gender, race, height and arthritis of the spine and hip joints. Results Age was the strongest predictor of arthritis at each site (standardized betas > 0.281, P Conclusions Anatomic/structural influences about the lumbo-sacral-pelvic junction contribute towards the development of arthritis that is separate from any systemic/metabolic effects. Surgeons performing total hip arthroplasty should remain aware of these relationships, although future research is necessary regarding optimal surgical treatment of these patients. Level of evidence N/A (cadaveric study).
Frequency of Coronary Endarterectomy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting at a Single Tertiary Texas Hospital 2010 to 2016 With Morphologic Studies of the Operatively Excised Specimens.

This study examines the frequency of coronary endarterectomy (CE) procedures during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and determines the quantity of plaque in the specimens. Of the 2,268 CABG operations performed from January 2010 to June 2016, 35 patients had CE during CABG. The specimens were incised into 5-mm cross sections, stained by the Movat method, and examined. The number of CEs performed ranged from 0.21% to 4.01%. A total of 140 cm of specimens were examined, and all 140 cm contained considerable quantities of atherosclerotic plaque and narrowed lumens. The quantity of plaque present was similar to or greater than that observed in previously studied patients with fatal coronary artery disease. The frequency of CE during CABG varies greatly in surgeons. The quantity of plaque is enormous, and the lumens are severely narrowed.
Update on Vitamin E and Its Potential Role in Preventing or Treating Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Vitamin E is obtained only through the diet and has a number of important biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to pathological processes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurity associated with increased lung injury, inflammation and oxidative stress, led to trials of the antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol) to prevent BPD with variable results. These trials were all conducted at supraphysiologic doses and 2 of these trials utilized a formulation containing a potentially harmful excipient. Since 1991, when the last of these trials was conducted, both neonatal management strategies for minimizing oxygen and ventilator-related lung injury and our understanding of vitamin E isoforms in respiratory health have advanced substantially. It is now known that there are differences between the effects of vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol on the development of respiratory morbidity and inflammation. What is not known is whether improvements in physiologic concentrations of individual or combinations of vitamin E isoforms during pregnancy or following preterm birth might prevent or reduce BPD development. The answers to these questions require adequately powered studies targeting pregnant women at risk of preterm birth or their premature infants immediately following birth, especially in certain subgroups that are at increased risk of vitamin E deficiency (e.g., smokers). The objective of this review is to compile, update, and interpret what is known about vitamin E isoforms and BPD since these first studies were conducted, and suggest future research directions.
Parity Anomaly Cancellation in Three-Dimensional QED with a Single Massless Dirac Fermion

We study three-dimensional noncompact QED with a single two-component massless fermion and two infinitely massive regulator fermions of half the charge using the lattice overlap formalism. The parity anomaly is expected to cancel exactly between the massless and regulator fermions in the continuum, but this cancellation is inexact on a lattice akin to lattice chiral gauge theories. We show nonperturbatively that parity-breaking terms vanish in the continuum limit at any finite volume. We present numerical evidence that the resulting parity-invariant theory spontaneously breaks parity in the infinite volume limit.
Associations of patient-rated emotional bond and vocally encoded emotional arousal among clinicians and acutely suicidal military personnel.

Objective To determine if synchrony in emotional arousal and affective regulation between patients and clinicians reflect emotional bonding during emergency behavioral health appointments. Method Audio recordings of suicide risk assessment interviews and crisis intervention planning with 54 suicidal active duty soldiers presenting to an emergency department or behavioral health clinic were analyzed. Emotional arousal was assessed using mean fundamental frequency. Patient-rated emotional bond was assessed with the Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form (Hatcher & Gillaspy, 2014). Actor-partner interdependence modeling was used to identify moment-to-moment patterns of covariance among clinician and patient emotional arousal. Results Greater synchrony in clinician and patient emotional arousal was positively associated with higher emotional bond ratings during the crisis intervention but not the risk assessment interview. During the risk assessment interview, higher emotional bond was associated with a dysregulating effect of the clinician on the patient's emotional arousal (i.e., larger fluctuations in the patient's emotional arousal). The reverse pattern was seen during the intervention: Higher emotional bond was associated with a regulating effect of the clinician on the patient's emotional arousal (i.e., smaller fluctuations in the patient's emotional arousal). Emotional bond during the intervention was also positively associated with a regulating effect of the patient on the clinician's emotional arousal. Conclusion Emotional bonding during emergency clinical encounters is associated with patient-clinician synchrony in emotional states. During crisis interventions, emotional bonding is also associated with mutual down-regulation of emotional arousal among patients and clinicians. (PsycINFO Database Record
A Distributed Classifier for MicroRNA Target Prediction with Validation Through TCGA Expression Data

Background : MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide long regulatory RNA that mediate RNA interference by binding to cognate mRNA target regions. Here, we present a distributed kernel SVM-based binary classification scheme to predict miRNA targets. It captures the spatial profile of miRNA-mRNA interactions via smooth B-spline curves. This is accomplished separately for various input features, such as thermodynamic and sequence-based features. Further, we use a principled approach to uniformly model both canonical and non-canonical seed matches, using a novel seed enrichment metric. Finally, we verify our miRNA-mRNA pairings using an Elastic Net-based regression model on TCGA expression data for four cancer types to estimate the miRNAs that together regulate any given mRNA. Results : We present a suite of algorithms for miRNA target prediction, under the banner Avishkar , with superior prediction performance over the competition. Specifically, our final kernel SVM model, with an Apache Spark backend, achieves an average true positive rate (TPR) of more than 75 percent, when keeping the false positive rate of 20 percent, for non-canonical human miRNA target sites. This is an improvement of over 150 percent in the TPR for non-canonical sites, over the best-in-class algorithm. We are able to achieve such superior performance by representing the thermodynamic and sequence profiles of miRNA-mRNA interaction as curves, devising a novel seed enrichment metric, and learning an ensemble of miRNA family-specific kernel SVM classifiers. We provide an easy-to-use system for large-scale interactive analysis and prediction of miRNA targets. All operations in our system, namely candidate set generation, feature generation and transformation, training, prediction, and computing performance metrics are fully distributed and are scalable. Conclusions : We have developed an efficient SVM-based model for miRNA target prediction using recent CLIP-seq data, demonstrating superior performance, evaluated using ROC curves for different species (human or mouse), or different target types (canonical or non-canonical). We analyzed the agreement between the target pairings using CLIP-seq data and using expression data from four cancer types. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first distributed framework for miRNA target prediction based on Apache Hadoop and Spark. Availability : All source code and sample data are publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/cellsandmachines/avishkar . Our scalable implementation of kernel SVM using Apache Spark, which can be used to solve large-scale non-linear binary classification problems, is available at https://bitbucket.org/cellsandmachines/kernelsvmspark .
Development and validation of a radiological diagnosis model for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) may be useful for diagnosing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Here, we develop and validate a radiological diagnosis model and model-based points score.Patients with interstitial lung disease seen at the University of Michigan Health System (derivation cohort) or enrolling in the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (validation cohort) were included. A thin-section, inspiratory HRCT scan was required. Thoracic radiologists documented radiological features.The derivation cohort comprised 356 subjects (33.9% hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and the validation cohort comprised 424 subjects (15.5% hypersensitivity pneumonitis). An age-, sex- and smoking status-adjusted logistic regression model identified extent of mosaic attenuation or air trapping greater than that of reticulation ("MA-AT>Reticulation"; OR 6.20, 95% CI 3.53-10.90; p 2 (1 point for axial distribution, 2 points for "MA-AT>Reticulation") has specificity 90% and positive predictive value (PPV) 74% in the derivation cohort and specificity 96% and PPV 44% in the validation cohort. Similar model performance is seen with population restriction to those reporting no exposure (score >2: specificity 91%).When radiological mosaic attenuation or air trapping are more extensive than reticulation and disease has diffuse axial distribution, hypersensitivity pneumonitis specificity is high and false diagnosis risk low (<10%), but PPV is diminished in a low-prevalence setting.
ISOMETRIES OF INNER PRODUCT SPACES AND THEIR GEOMETRIC APPLICATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the isometries of inner product spaces and their geometric applications. Two basic problems in the geometry of manifolds have led to algebraic obstructions groups based on isometries of inner product spaces over the rational integers. The chapter presents an open book decomposition theorem that states that if M2n+1 is a simply connected odd dimensional; manifold then M has an open book decomposition. A closed simply connected manifold of even dimension greater than six has open book decomposition if and only if its signature is zero. In the special case of an open book decomposition of the standard sphere, Sn, with binding a homotopy sphere, the open book is called a fibered knot.
Elucidating the Reaction Pathway of Decarboxylation-Assisted Olefination Catalyzed by a Mononuclear Non-Heme Iron Enzyme

Installation of olefins into molecules is a key transformation in organic synthesis. The recently discovered decarboxylation-assisted olefination in the biosynthesis of rhabduscin by a mononuclear non-heme iron enzyme ( P.IsnB) represents a novel approach in olefin construction. This method is commonly employed in natural product biosynthesis. Herein, we demonstrate that a ferryl intermediate is used for C-H activation at the benzylic position of the substrate. We further establish that P.IsnB reactivity can be switched from olefination to hydroxylation using electron-withdrawing groups appended on the phenyl moiety of the analogues. These experimental observations imply that a pathway involving an initial C-H activation followed by a benzylic carbocation species or by electron transfer coupled β-scission is likely utilized to complete C═C bond formation.
Moment Methods for Solving the Boltzmann Equation

In swarm studies, one generally is less interested in \(f(\mathbf {r},\mathbf {v},t)\) than in its moments, i.e., integrals of particular functions of \(\mathbf {v}\) multiplied by the ion vdf, \(f(\mathbf {v})\) . In this case, one is better off converting the Boltzmann equation to an equation governing the moments themselves and then solving the resulting moment equations. We shall do this in the rest of this chapter, after first reviewing moment methods that have been suggested previously.
Importance of Physical Examination and Imaging in the Detection of Tethered Cord Syndrome

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a type of occult spinal dysraphism that may lead to permanent neurologic and orthopedic deficits. Infants with TCS may have lumbosacral cutaneous malformations (LsCMs). We studied 67 infants referred to a single pediatric urology practice for a urological concern unrelated to occult spinal dysraphism with no prior diagnosis of LsCM between March 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Each infant underwent a spinal ultrasound. If an abnormality was detected, they were referred to a pediatric neurosurgeon. The most common cutaneous manifestations were duplicated or bifurcated (46%) gluteal folds and gluteal asymmetry (16%). Fourteen (21%) of the 67 patients had an abnormal spinal ultrasound; 5 of the 14 infants underwent a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. One infant had urodynamics studies and a tethered cord release. Pediatricians should be familiar with TCS and perform lumbar physical examinations for LsCMs suggestive of TCS to ensure prompt diagnosis and management and avoid potentially devastating complications.
Vascular Health is Associated with Amyloid-β in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background Vascular health is closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular function measured by flow mediated dilation (FMD) or pulsatility index (PI) can be used as marker of peripheral and central vascular health but is poorly characterized in those at risk for AD. Objective To assess the relationship of peripheral and central vascular function with amyloid-β (Aβ) and white matter lesion burden among cognitively normal older adults. Methods We enrolled participants 65 years of age and older. Using Doppler ultrasound, we assessed brachial artery FMD, and middle cerebral artery (PI). Global Aβ burden, quantified using [18F] Florbetapir PET imaging, and white matter lesion volume (WML) were used as measures of AD pathology and vascular brain injury. Results After adjusting for age and cardiovascular risk factors, the data (n = 83) showed a negative association between FMD and Aβ burden (β= -0.03, p 0.4). Conclusions Among cognitively normal older adults, blunted peripheral vascular function, as measured by brachial artery FMD, is associated with Aβ burden. These findings provide support for further exploration into the pathophysiological relationship of vascular health and AD risk as measured by Aβ.
Role of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer with nonbulky lymph node metastasis: Comparison of comprehensive surgical staging and sentinel lymph node algorithm.

Abstract Objectives To compare survival and progression outcomes between 2 nodal assessment approaches in patients with nonbulky stage IIIC endometrial cancer (EC). Methods Patients with stage IIIC EC treated at 2 institutions were retrospectively identified. At 1 institution, a historical series (2004–2008) was treated with systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy (LND cohort). At the other institution, more contemporary patients (2006–2013) were treated using a sentinel lymph node algorithm (SLN cohort). Outcomes (hazard ratios [HRs]) within the first 5 years after surgery were compared between cohorts using Cox models adjusted for type of adjuvant therapy. Results The study included 104 patients (48 LND, 56 SLN). The use of chemoradiotherapy was similar in the 2 cohorts (46% LND vs 50% SLN), but the use of chemotherapy alone (19% vs 36%) or radiotherapy alone (15% vs 2%) differed. Although there was evidence of higher risk of cause-specific death (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 0.79–5.58; P = 0.14) and lower risk of para-aortic progression (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.05–1.42; P = 0.12) for the LND group, the associations did not meet statistical significance. The risk of progression was not significantly different between the groups (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.60–2.67; P =0 .53). In parsimonious multivariable models, high-risk tumor characteristics and nonendometrioid type were independently associated with lower cause-specific survival and progression-free survival. Conclusions In EC patients with nonbulky positive lymph nodes, use of the SLN algorithm with limited nodal dissection does not compromise survival compared with LND. Aggressive pathologic features of the primary tumor are the strongest determinants of prognosis.
Elements of Autonomous Shuttle Car Operation in Underground Coal Mines

The last few decades, the mining industry has turned to autonomous systems in its efforts to modernize and advance its methods and techniques. Automation in such complex working environments can play a critical role in improving worker safety and mine productivity. Moreover, as the global demand for minerals continues to increase, such technologies will enable access to deeper and more difficult orebodies. The research in this paper seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of autonomous machinery in the underground coal mining production cycle. By introducing autonomous shuttle cars, the operator can be removed from dusty, noisy, and potentially dangerous conditions and be placed in a relatively safe location while supervising the machine instead of operating it. This paper presents preliminary results for autonomous navigation of shuttle cars in the underground coal mining cycle. A lab scale prototype equipped with several exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensors has been developed and is being tested in a mock mine plan, simulating several navigation scenarios within a room and pillar section.
Chatbots for Smart Customer Services on Official Museum Websites

Recently, chatbots have become one of the most developed artificial intelligence-based applications in terms of numbers. In addition to providing 24-hour online user assistance, a chatbot can be integrated with marketing strategies to improve product exposure and increase conversion rates. In a museum, customer service staff usually spend considerable amounts of time responding to questions regarding opening hours, ticket prices, transportation modes, and exhibition information. Among these questions, 80% are routine and repetitive. If a chatbot can be used to answer these questions, in addition to reducing demand on human resources, museums can integrate chatbots with their online learning resources to provide detailed knowledge and personalized question and answer services.
Chapter 3 – Lorentz Transformation

Chapter 3 is the heart of the book, in that it derives the spacetime distance and Lorentz transformation. The chapter starts with the derivation of the familiar three-dimensional Euclidean distance in terms of coordinates of points, which happens to be unfamiliar to “flatlanders” who live in a two-dimensional world in which “height” is not physically accessible as are length and width. The derivation is crucially based on a formula derived from an experiment done by flatlanders using their “elevators.” The invariance of this distance, as one transforms the coordinates of points, leads to orthogonal transformations. Once the familiar formula for this three-dimensional distance is derived, the idea is applied to the four-dimensional spacetime. Using the time dilation formula derived in Chapter 2, the chapter derives the formula of the spacetime distance in terms of coordinates of events. The invariance of this distance as one transforms the spacetime coordinates leads to Lorentz transformations. As Lorentz transformations are the spotlight of the approach of this book, Chapter 3 contains a large number of examples illustrating the ease with which Lorentz transformations can solve problems that otherwise do not subject themselves to straightforward solutions.
Wave Breaking and Dissipation in the Nearshore

Abstract : The long-range goal of this research is a predictive understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of wave breaking in the nearshore, and the impact of wave breaking on the forcing of mean and oscillatory flows, sediment transport, and changes in large-scale nearshore morphology. The specific scientific objectives of this project are as follows: (1) improved modeling of wave transformation, wave breaking distributions, and surface wave stress on barred bathymetry; (2) improved understanding of infragravity waves, their forcing by modulations in wave breaking patterns, and their cross-shore variation across the surf zone; and (3) pilot measurements of wave breaking on the inner shelf. The difficult problem of understanding wave dissipation in the nearshore is approached through field observations made across a variety of beach profiles and under a wide range of wave conditions. Data are obtained remotely from video recordings of the surf zone and inner continental shelf, and image processing techniques are used to detect and quantify wave breaking over spatial and temporal scales ranging from 10-1000 meters and from 10-10000 seconds. The observed spatial distributions of ensemble-averaged wave breaking distributions are used to improve numerical dissipation estimates, and are subsequently applied to parametric models of incident wave energy transformation and mean current forcing within the surf zone. The forcing of low-frequency oscillatory motion through spatial and temporal variations of the point at which a wave breaks is being approached through a combination of theory and observation. The relationship of wave breaking to sediment transport is being pursued through co-located video observations and collaborative in situ measurements of sediment concentration, turbulence, and void fraction (air concentration).
SONO case series: point-of-care ultrasound for fracture diagnosis.

A 34-year-old man with no significant medical history presented to the ED with right lower extremity (RLE) pain after a motorcycle crash. The patient reported that he was travelling at approximately 8 km per hour when he hit a piece of trash on the roadway, skidded to one side, and fell to the ground with his motorcycle landing on top of his RLE. He attempted to ambulate on scene but was unable to bear weight due to severe pain in his RLE. He was helmeted during the crash and denied any other problems. On physical examination, he was well-appearing overall, with vital signs notable only for mild hypertension to 156/94 mm Hg, a pulse of 80 beats/min, a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min, and an oxygen saturation of 99% on room air. Examination of his distal right leg was notable for swelling without obvious deformity nor other evidence of trauma. Passive and active range of motion of his right knee and ankle were limited by pain. His right foot was neurovascularly intact, with normal sensation and motor function and palpable distal pulses. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable After a negative extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma, a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the right lower leg was performed as part of the initial evaluation, revealing a discontinuity of the cortical surface of the tibia consistent with an acute fracture. This diagnosis was subsequently confirmed on X-ray, which also demonstrated an ipsilateral proximal fibula fracture (figure 1). Figure 1 Photograph of the patient’s right lower extremity at time of arrival in the ED, lateral x-ray of the right ankle, and longitudinal ultrasound of the right tibia showing a cortical disruption. In 2016, the American College of Emergency Physicians specifically included MSK ultrasound, such as for …
Rate Effect in Frictional Contact on Porous Rocks

The rate-dependent mechanism is analyzed for frictional contact between a blunt tool and a fluid-infiltrated porous rock under pressurized condition. The dimensional analysis is adopted to derive a dimensionless number $$\lambda$$ that predominantly governs the rate-dependent mechanism from pore pressure diffusion. The governing nature of $$\lambda$$ is analyzed by finite element modeling using the software ABAQUS for an idealized plane strain frictional contact problem. After validating the finite element model against analytical solutions for special cases, the rate-dependent frictional contact is analyzed for poroelastic, poroelastoplastic, rigid-poroplastic, and elasto-visco-plastic rocks, respectively. Three pore pressure regimes exist depending on $$\lambda$$ : low speed (0 < $$\lambda$$ ≲ 10–1), transient (10–1 ≲ $$\lambda$$ ≲ 103), and high speed ( $$\lambda$$ ≳ 103). The pore pressure generally increases, and the average effective contact stress decreases with increasing $$\lambda$$ for a poroelastic rock and a typical poroelastoplastic rock. The average effective contact stress generally decreases with increasing $$\lambda$$ for a rigid-poroplastic rock at a small dilatancy angle due to compactive weakening, but increases with $$\lambda$$ at a large dilatancy angle due to dilatant strengthening. A transition occurs from compactive weakening to dilatant strengthening with increasing the dilatancy angle. The average effective contact stress increases with decreasing the interface friction angle for a rigid-poroplastic rock. It is inferred from numerical results that the high-speed regime dominates with cavitation for frictional contact on shales in deep drilling, and that the strain rate effect is negligible in typical experiments on dry rocks at ambient pressure.
Unbiasing costs? An appraisal of economic assessment alongside randomized trials in neonatology.

Abstract Economic evaluations performed alongside randomized controlled trials benefit from the protections against bias inherent in randomization. In this systematic review, we assessed the frequency and quality of economic assessments alongside randomized controlled trials of interventions in neonates published between 1990 and 2016. Over that period, 58 economic assessments were published, corresponding to approximately 2% of RCTs. We noted significant methodological limitations of these studies, including limitation of included costs to the health sector or payer rather than broader categories such as family or community expenditures (81%), short time horizon for cost measurement (less than one year in 60%), lack of reporting of uncertainty (26%), and infrequent analysis of costs and effects in a single metric (combined in 45%). Strategies for improving the quality and frequency of economic evaluations in neonatology are discussed, including selection of appropriate trials, funding, and peer review.
Going “Live” Again: Reflections on Zoom, Copresence, & Liveness in a (Post)Pandemic World

In April 2020—only weeks after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic—the New York Times published an article titled “Why Zoom Is Terrible.” Quoting a gustatory simile from Sheryl Brahnam of Missouri State University, the article declared, “In-person communication resembles video conferencing about as much as a real blueberry muffin resembles a packaged blueberry muffin that contains not a single blueberry but artificial flavors, textures and preservatives.”1 It has been a year marked by the absence of “in-person” connection, or in the language of our field, of spatial copresence. The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally disrupted our ability to share space. Spatial copresence, it turns out, is what the coronavirus requires to spread. The virus, in this sense, is a phenomenon of the live. While technologies like Zoom have maintained our capacity for temporal copresence, the now ubiquitous status of “Zoom fatigue” points to new ways to consider spatial copresence, and by extension “liveness.”
Is Multidimensional Scaling (And Other Esoterica) for the Small Retailer

The paper is concerned with the degree of use of non-metric multidimensional scaling (and, by implication, other marketing research esoterica) by small retailers. The issues explored are the value of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to small retailers, factors limiting the use of MDS by small retailers, current mechanisms available to small retailers for conducting research using MDS, and changes affecting the future use of MDS by small retailers. Several recommendations for research are included.
Data Types as Lattices: Retractions, Closures and Projections.

Abstract : This paper presents the mathematical principles of lattice theory oriented toward the theory of computation. Notions like representations, retraction, projection, and closure have been previously developed, but the connections between them have not been shown elsewhere. Attempted is a systematic treatment of this lattice theory that involves the definition of data structures. (Author)
The Effects of Certified Nurse Assistants’ Socialization, Onboarding and Turnover

This study investigates certified nurse assistants’ perceived belongingness, attachment to their organizations, and intentions to leave their jobs. The theoretical foundation is Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory. Public policy guiding this study is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Using a cross-sectional design, we found affective commitment to the organization partially mediated the relationship between organizational identification and turnover intentions. This finding is consistent with prior studies investing the antecedents of commitments to the organization. Data were collected from a random sample of 117 certified nurse assistants’ who worked in nursing homes in a Midwest state and who completed a demographic questionnaire and six behavior and attitudinal questionnaires. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. We recommend employers develop a formal process to train and retrain certified nurse assistants, and establish formal workgroups to enhance relationships and decrease job turnover. The implications for social change include using this analysis to inform employers and policymakers about strategies to train and stabilize the certified nurse assistant workforce for the benefit of nursing home residents, employees and employers.
Incorporating Computers Effectively into Classrooms

AbstractComputer-based instruction should be regarded as a tool for enhancing the effectiveness of teachers. This can happen in two ways: by improving the general learning environment for the students; and by freeing the teacher from unproductive, time-comsuming tasks. In this paper, we highlight important criteria for deciding whether to integrate computers into classroom instruction.
Corticosteroids Block Newly Induced but Not Constitutive Functions of Macrophage Cell Lines: Myeloid Colony-Stimulating Activity Production, Latex Phagocytosis, and Antibody-Dependent Lysis of RBC and Tumor Targets

Hydrocortisone at 10 -4 M added to macrophage cell lines had no effect on the following activities: J774.1 antibody-dependent phagocytosis and lysis of sheep RBC, RAW 264 antibody-dependent lysis of tumor targets, latex bead phagocytosis by PU5-1.8 cells, and constitutive production of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by WEHI-3 cells. In contrast, 10 -4 M hydrocortisone completely inhibited LPS or PPD activation of the following functions: induced production of myeloid CSA, stimulation of latex phagocytosis and stimulation of antibody-dependent lysis of tumor targets by PU5-1.8 cell line, and stimulation of antibody-dependent lysis of RBC targets by RAW 264 cell line. Lower concentrations of hydrocortisone or dexamethasone at 10 -6 M inhibited the LPS induction of CSA from 55 to 90%. Growth inhibition of PU5-1.8 cells caused by 1 µg/ml LPS was also partially reversed by corticosteroids. Thus, steroids block these newly induced but not constitutive functions of these macrophage cells in culture.
The Counts of Anjou in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Understanding Power and Authority in the High Middle Ages

The county of Anjou has a central place in French and English historiography as one of the main territorial principalities that emerged in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The power and authority of Angevin counts in the tenth and eleventh centuries make the county central to debates over public and private authority – violence, coercion, and cooperation – and the continuity or discontinuity of Carolingian institutions in the early Capetian era. Its rich primary source record has allowed numerous studies to address these questions, but more work needs to be done making use of the methodology of emerging fields within medieval studies and with a focus on how the lesser nobility functioned in Anjou.
Coach John Wooden's Pyramid of Success: A Comparison to the Sport Psychology Literature

INTRODUCTION Legendary sport coach John R. Wooden passed away at the age of 99 in 2010, leaving behind a treasure trove of coaching and life lessons that continue to inspire us today. One of his greatest contributions to humanity was the Pyramid of Success, illustrating his personal reflections on how to achieve success. Coach Wooden claims that the genesis for the Pyramid of Success was a class assignment given to him in the 1920s while he was a high-school student [1]. Amazingly, nearly 100 years later, his Pyramid of Success resonates as strongly as ever with today’s coaches. To my knowledge the Pyramid of Success has never been tested for scientific validity, which makes the effort by Perez and colleagues all the more intriguing.
Federal Equal Protection

The Author explores the use of due process and equal protection guarantees from the U.S. Constitution as a means to challenge workplace discrimination faced by LGBT government employees. The Author also discusses how private employees must rely on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act to assert similar claims. Because sex discrimination is prohibited under both the Constitution and Title VII, federal courts have relied on reasoning in the former context when analyzing the latter, and vice versa. This means that a watershed case regarding one law can contain reasoning for the other. The Author goes on to the discuss the significance of Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins, a Supreme Court case which ruled that Title VII’s prohibition against discrimination because of sex includes discrimination based on gender stereotyping. Importing this reasoning, courts have ruled that the constitutional prohibition against discrimination on sex also prohibits gender stereotyping. The Author then discusses how, because gender stereotyping is often the root of discrimination faced by LGBT employees, Price Waterhouse lays a foundation for sex-based employment discrimination by these individuals. This includes linking discrimination against LGBT employees to comments or views about the person’s gendered appearance or about stereotypes of sexuality linked to a person’s sex (e.g., a man should only form physical and emotional attachments to a woman). For transgender employees, discrimination may be linked to stereotypes about physical manifestations of gender identity. The Author then goes on to explore how various courts have interpreted constitutional claims brought by LGBT and transgender employees under the above theories, with some theories proving more successful than others. Finally, the Author discusses the level of scrutiny applied by courts when evaluating equal protection and due process claims.
Aperture excited dielectric antennas

The results of a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the effect of placing dielectric objects over the aperture of waveguide antennas are presented. Experimental measurements of the radiation patterns, gain, impedance, near-field amplitude, and pattern and impedance coupling between pairs of antennas are given for various Plexiglas shapes, including the sphere and the cube, excited by rectangular, circular, and square waveguide feed apertures. The waveguide excitation of a dielectric sphere is modeled using the Huygens' source, and expressions for the resulting electric fields, directivity, and efficiency are derived. Calculations using this model show good overall agreement with experimental patterns and directivity measurements. The waveguide under an infinite dielectric slab is used as an impedance model. Calculations using this model agree qualitatively with the measured impedance data. It is concluded that dielectric loaded antennas such as the waveguide excited sphere, cube, or sphere-cylinder can produce directivities in excess of that obtained by a uniformly illuminated aperture of the same cross section, particularly for dielectric objects with dimensions of 2 wavelengths or less. It is also shown that for certain configurations coupling between two antennas of this type is less than that for the same antennas without dielectric loading.
Surgical anatomy for endoscopic subfascial division of perforating veins

Abstract Purpose: This study was undertaken to define the surgical anatomy of the medial perforating veins (PVs) of the leg and to provide information on how to gain access to all medial PVs from the superficial posterior compartment during a subfascial endoscopic procedure. Methods: The venous anatomy of 40 limbs (from 23 cadavers) were studied. Medial PVs located between the ankle and the tibial tuberosity were dissected. None of the subjects had pathologic evidence of venous disease. Each PV's type (direct or indirect), size ( 2 mm), location (distances from ankle [D1], and tibia [D2]), and accessibility from the superficial posterior compartment were recorded. Results: Five hundred fifty-two PVs were identified (mean, 13.8; range, 7 to 22). Two hundred eighty-seven PVs (52%) directly connected the superficial with the deep systems, 228 (41%) were indirect muscle perforators, and 37 PVs (7%) were undetermined. One hundred thirty-seven PVs (25%) were >2 mm. Sixty-three percent of PVs were accessible from the superficial posterior compartment. In the distal half of the leg, two groups of direct PVs could be identified (Cockett II: D1, 7 to 9 cm; Cockett III: D1, 10 to 12 cm). In the proximal half of the leg, paratibial direct PVs (D2 ≤ 1 cm) were found clustered in three groups (D1, 18 to 22 cm; D1, 23 to 27 cm; D1, 28 to 32 cm). Conclusions: Our study confirmed the presence of the Cockett II and III PVs and three groups of proximal paratibial PVs, including the "24-cm" perforators. Two thirds of the medial direct PVs are accessible for endoscopic division from the superficial posterior compartment. To divide paratibial PVs, however, incision of the paratibial deep fascia is frequently required. (J Vasc Surg 1996;24:800-8.)
Legal Research for the Nonlaw Librarian: An Introduction

Special Libraries, Special Challenges is a column dedicated to exploring the unique public services challenges that arise in libraries that specialize in a particular subject, such as law, medicine, and business. In each column, the author will discuss public service dilemmas and solutions that arise specifically in given subject libraries, while drawing links to how such issues affect librarianship in general. Special or subject-matter librarians interested in authoring a piece for this column are invited to contact Tammy R. Pettinato at pettinato@law.ucla.edu. *****
Functional studies of the recombinant subunits of a cytolethal distending holotoxin

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a multicomponent bacterial holotoxin that targets most eukarytotic cells causing distension and cell cycle arrest. A number of diverse pathogenic bacterial species associated with diarrhoea, chancroid, chronic hepatitis and periodontal disease produce a CDT. Synthesis of the holotoxin is directed by the expression of three genes, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. Although the product of the CdtB gene was previously identified as a type I deoxyribonuclease, the functions of the cdtA and cdtC products have not been characterized. Using the periodontal pathogen, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, we demonstrate that the recombinant product of the CdtA gene binds to the surface of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This protein did not induce distension or cytotoxicity when introduced into the cytosol using a lipid-based protein delivery system. Recombinant CdtB and CdtC proteins failed to bind to CHO cells. However, the delivery of either CdtB or CdtC into the cytosol resulted in the characteristic pattern of distension followed by cell death. Based on these results, it appears that the CdtA protein subunit alone is responsible for anchoring the holotoxin to the cell surface. The CdtC subunit, in concert with CdtB, contributes to the cytotoxic activities of the holotoxin. The specific mechanism of CdtC cytotoxicity is currently unknown.
Generalized reciprocal collision avoidance

Reciprocal collision avoidance has become a popular area of research over recent years. Approaches have been developed for a variety of dynamic systems ranging from single integrators to car-like, differential-drive, and arbitrary, linear equations of motion. In this paper, we present two contributions. First, we provide a unification of these previous approaches under a single, generalized representation using control obstacles. In particular, we show how velocity obstacles, acceleration velocity obstacles, continuous control obstacles, and LQR-obstacles are special instances of our generalized framework. Secondly, we present an extension of control obstacles to general reciprocal collision avoidance for non-linear, non-homogeneous systems where the robots may have different state spaces and different non-linear equations of motion from one another. Previous approaches to reciprocal collision avoidance could not be applied to such systems, as they use a relative formulation of the equations of motion and can, therefore, only apply to homogeneous, linear systems where all robots have the same linear equations of motion. Our approach allows for general mobile robots to independently select new control inputs while avoiding collisions with each other. We implemented our approach in simulation for a variety of mobile robots with non-linear equations of motion: differential-drive, differential-drive with a trailer, car-like, and hovercrafts. We also performed physical experiments with a combination of differential-drive, differential-drive with a trailer, and car-like robots. Our results show that our approach is capable of letting a non-homogeneous group of robots with non-linear equations of motion safely avoid collisions at real-time computation rates.
Response to Randall Stone Heresy or Scientific Progress

Randall Stone's critique of theory of moves (TOM) is motivated by a desire to purge game theory of TOM's alleged “backsliding” and restore its superior orthodoxy. But Stone's indictment is marred by serious misunderstandings of TOM and unfortunate misconceptions about what constitutes a scientific theory and how it should be applied and tested. The author rebuts Stone's charges and briefly discusses a new area for which TOM seems especially well suited—the study of path dependence—suggesting how TOM can contribute to the understanding of when actors make seemingly irrational choices that lead to immediately worse outcomes.
Binge Eating Disorder and the Outcome of Bariatric Surgery at One Year: A Prospective, Observational Study

Previous studies have suggested that binge eating disorder (BED) impairs weight loss following bariatric surgery, leading some investigators to recommend that patients receive behavioral treatment for this condition before surgery. However, many of these investigations had significant methodological limitations. The present observational study used a modified intention-to-treat (ITT) population to compare 1-year changes in weight in 59 surgically treated participants, determined preoperatively to be free of a current eating disorder, with changes in 36 individuals judged to have BED. Changes in weight and binge eating in the latter group were compared with those in 49 obese individuals with BED who sought lifestyle modification for weight loss. BED was assessed using criteria proposed for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 5. At 1 year, surgically treated participants without BED lost 24.2% of initial weight, compared with 22.1% for those with BED (P > 0.309). Both groups achieved clinically significant improvements in several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Participants with BED who received lifestyle modification lost 10.3% at 1 year, significantly (P < 0.001) less than surgically treated BED participants. The mean number of binge eating days (in the prior 28 days) fell sharply in both BED groups at 1 year. These two groups did not differ significantly in BED remission rates or in improvements in CVD risk factors. The present results, obtained in carefully studied participants, indicate that the preoperative presence of BED does not attenuate weight loss or improvements in CVD risk factors at 1 year in surgically treated patients. Longer follow-up of participants is required.