cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF INFORMATION: A PSYCHOMETRIC EXAMINATION*

The perceived usefulness of information is an important construct for the design of management information systems. Yet an examination of existing measures of perceived usefulness shows that the instruments developed have not been validated nor has their reliability been verified. In this paper a new instrument for measuring two dimensions of perceived usefulness is developed. The results of an empirical study designed to test the reliability and construct validity of this instrument in a capital-budgeting setting are presented.
Inhibition by D 600 of norepinephrine- and clonidine-induced responses of the aortae from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

Comparison was made of the inhibition by D 600 of the norepinephrine (NE)- and clonidine-induced responses of aortic strips from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Clonidine-induced responses of aortae from both strains of rats were markedly more susceptible to inhibition by D 600 than those of NE. Omission of calcium from the physiological solution resulted in a greater reduction in response to clonidine. Aortae from SHR were less susceptible to inhibition by D 600 but showed no difference from WKY rats in their responses in nominally calcium-free physiological solutions. Our results clearly indicate a greater dependence on extracellular calcium by clonidine-induced responses of the aortae relative to those of NE.
Reactivation of the vanchrobactin siderophore system of Vibrio anguillarum by removal of a chromosomal insertion sequence originated in plasmid pJM1 encoding the anguibactin siderophore system.

A chromosomal gene cluster encoding vanchrobactin biosynthesis and transport genes was identified in the Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 strain, 775(pJM1), harbouring the anguibactin biosynthetic genes in the pJM1 plasmid. In this strain only anguibactin is produced as the vanchrobactin chromosome cluster has a RS1 transposition insertion into vabF, one of the vanchrobactin biosynthesis genes. Removal of this RS1 generating 775(pJM1)Δtnp, still resulted in the detection of only anguibactin in specific bioassays. Surprisingly, when the pJM1 plasmid was not present as in the plasmidless strain H775-3, removal of the RS1 resulted in the detection of only vanchrobactin. These results thus can be interpreted as if presence of the pJM1 plasmid or of anguibactin itself is associated with the lack of detection of the vanchrobactin siderophore in bioassays. As high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that both vanchrobactin and anguibactin were indeed produced in 775(pJM1)Δtnp, it is clear that the pJM1-encoded anguibactin siderophore has higher affinity for iron than the vanchrobactin system in strains in which both systems are expressed at the same time. Our results underscore the importance of the anguibactin system in the survival of V. anguillarum 775 under conditions of iron limitation.
DEVELOPMENT OF TWO RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES: DEVELOPMENT THRESHOLDS REVISITED

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between development rate and constant temperatures (14, 21, 24, 27, 33, 36, 40, and 45°C) for the rangeland grasshoppers Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and Aulocara elliotti (Thomas). Non-linear regression was used to generate estimates of lower development thresholds. The chosen model provided for a concave-shaped development rate function at temperatures above the lower threshold and required fewer parameters than previous models. Although experimental results suggested that no precise estimates of upper development thresholds could be obtained, previous field studies indicate that preferred body temperatures may be lower than ambient temperatures and probably are related in part to the thermoregulatory abilities of the two species studied. Results will be of interest to insect ecologists and those studying grasshopper biology as well as researchers and pest managers interested in predicting grasshopper development.
Can mortality risk explain the consumption hump

Abstract A lifecycle consumption profile with a hump of roughly the same relative size and peak location as empirical consumption profiles can be obtained in a general equilibrium model where mortality risk is the only active mechanism that can account for the hump. Moreover, the key preference parameter, the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, is close to that estimated in a buffer-stock saving model by Gourinchas and Parker [Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier, Parker, Jonathan A., 2002. Consumption over the life cycle. Econometrica 70, 47–89], where borrowing constraints primarily account for the consumption hump. Since borrowing is virtually eliminated in the model with mortality risk, mortality supplants the borrowing constraint as the explanation for the hump with these parameters. If a pay-as-you-go Social Security system is also incorporated in the model, mortality risk can no longer account for the observed properties of the hump. However, the set of intertemporal elasticities for which mortality risk disables the borrowing constraint in the neighborhood of peak consumption extends to any value greater than 1/3.
Aldicarb degradation in sandy soils from different depths

Aerobic and anaerobic degradation rates for aldicarb were measured in soil samples collected at different depths from a citrus grove near Davenport, Florida, together with the changes in concentration of its two toxic oxidation products, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone. These data were used to estimate the first-order rate-constants for concurrent oxidation and hydrolysis of aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, and aldicarb sulfone, and for the loss of total carbamate residues (TCR = aldicarb + aldicarb sulfoxide + aldicarb sulfone). Both oxidation and hydrolysis rate-constants for aldicarb in surface samples (0-30 cm) were larger than those in sub-surface samples (30-300 cm). Under aerobic conditions, microbial oxidation appeared to be the major route for aldicarb degradation in surface and shallow sub-surface samples (30-150 cm), whereas chemical hydrolysis appeared to be the dominant pathway in deep sub-surface samples (150-300 cm). Aldicarb in deep sub-surface samples under anaerobic conditions was primarily degraded through hydrolysis and only trace amounts of aldicarb sulfoxide were detected. Time to 50% disappearance (DT50) values for TCR loss were generally invariant with depth. In sub-surface samples, DT50 values under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were similar.
Phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin levels inneonates with seizures

Little information is available regarding appropriate plasma levels of anticonvulsant drugs in neonates. We determined the plasma levels of phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin following initial administration and during maintenance therapy in 59 neonates with seizures. Following intravenous administration of 15 to 20 mg/kg, levels of 20.7 +/- 4.4 microgram/ml were achieved for phenobarbital and levels of 14.5 +/- 3 microgram/ml for DPH. Maintenance doses of 5 mg/kg of phenobarbital resulted in initial drug accumulation followed by more rapid elimination of the drug with increasing duration of exposure. Therapeutic plasma levels of DPH could not be achieved by oral administration in the neonate.
Long-term mechanical ventilation in infants with neuromuscular disease.

Seven children with neuromuscular disease were placed on mechanical ventilation before the age of 2 years. The outcome for these patients was variable and did not correlate with primary diagnosis. There appeared to be a high correlation between the incidence of electrocardiogram changes and death. Our experience demonstrates that there was a high mortality rate (57%) in neuromuscular patients supported by mechanical ventilation before the age of 2 years. (J Child Neurol 1987;2:30-32).
Right ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm: Two cases

Right ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication following repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Presented are two patients, both with history of Tetralogy of Fallot, successful repair and pseudoaneurysms discovered on symptomatic follow up. Because surgical intervention is often required, the location and characteristics of the pseudoaneurysm are critical determinants of successful outcomes. Cardiac gated CT provides physicians with an invaluable tool in evaluating pseudoaneurysms.
Microprocessor system failures debug and fault isolation methodology

Diagnosis of functional failures can be used to debug design issues, isolate manufacturing defects, and improve manufacturing yield. Automated failure analysis and rapid root-cause isolation is critical for meeting ever decreasing product time to market demand. Conventional debug approach requires in-depth architecture knowledge and debug expertise. In this paper, we present a two phase approach for isolating microprocessor functional failures. First, failing functional blocks are identified utilizing functional fault simulation. Then, algorithmic diagnosis techniques are applied to accurately identify the failing signals within a functional block. Results are presented showing successful isolation of silicon defects on Intel® Core™ dual-core processor.
The load carrying capacities of symmetrically loaded shallow shells

A rigid perfectly plastic analysis is presented herein for a shallow shell of degree n greater than or equal to 2 subjected to a uniformly distributed static pressure. Exact theoretical results have been obtained for three approximate yield surfaces when the outer boundary of a shell of second degree is either simply supported or fully clamped. The analytical procedure is relatively simple and is suitable for a study of the dynamic response of shallow shells which will be considered in a companion article.
Vitrification of mouse embryo-derived ICM cells: a tool for preserving embryonic stem cell potential?

Vitrification technology presents new opportunities for preservation of embryo derived stem cells without first establishing a viable ESC line. This study tests the feasibility of cryopreserving ICM cells using vitrification. ICMs from mouse embryos were isolated and vitrified in HSV straws or on cryoloops. Upon warming, the vitrified ICMs were cultured and observed for attachment and morphology. Colonies were passaged every 3–6 days. ICMs and ICM-derived ESC colonies were tested for expression of stem cell specific markers. ICMs vitrified on both the cryoloop and the HSV straw had high survival rates. ICM derived ESCs remained undifferentiated for several passages and demonstrated expression of typical stem cell markers; SSEA-1, Sox-2, Oct 4 and alkaline phosphatase. This is the first report on successful vitrification of isolated ICMs and the subsequent derivation of ESC colonies. Vitrification of isolated ICMs is a novel approach for preservation of the “stem cell source” material.
Molecular Phylogenetics of the Eastern and Western Blacknose Dace, Rhinichthys atratulus and R. obtusus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

The debate over the species status and geographic distribution of Rhinichthys atratulus and R. obtusus has persisted for decades. Morphological analyses have led to ambiguous results making field identifications possible in only some areas, further complicating the unclear and conflicting taxonomic histories of these species. In this study, we clear up some of these identification issues by analyzing two mitochondrial genes and nine microsatellite loci amplified from Blacknose Dace across the eastern half of North America. Our results show large genetic differences between R. atratulus and R. obtusus for both mitochondrial genes and microsatellites. We determine that R. atratulus inhabits streams east of the Appalachians from Nova Scotia to Virginia and the southern part of the eastern Great Lakes; R. obtusus inhabits the remaining regions west of the Appalachians to approximately Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, north into the Manitoba province and Mobile Bay drainage.
Low Molecular Weight Protein Enrichment on Mesoporous Silica Thin Films for Biomarker Discovery

The identification of circulating biomarkers holds great potential for non invasive approaches in early diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for the monitoring of therapeutic efficiency.1-3 The circulating low molecular weight proteome (LMWP) composed of small proteins shed from tissues and cells or peptide fragments derived from the proteolytic degradation of larger proteins, has been associated with the pathological condition in patients and likely reflects the state of disease.4,5 Despite these potential clinical applications, the use of Mass Spectrometry (MS) to profile the LMWP from biological fluids has proven to be very challenging due to the large dynamic range of protein and peptide concentrations in serum.6 Without sample pre-treatment, some of the more highly abundant proteins obscure the detection of low-abundance species in serum/plasma. Current proteomic-based approaches, such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and shotgun proteomics methods are labor-intensive, low throughput and offer limited suitability for clinical applications.7-9 Therefore, a more effective strategy is needed to isolate LMWP from blood and allow the high throughput screening of clinical samples. Here, we present a fast, efficient and reliable multi-fractionation system based on mesoporous silica chips to specifically target and enrich LMWP.10,11 Mesoporous silica (MPS) thin films with tunable features at the nanoscale were fabricated using the triblock copolymer template pathway. Using different polymer templates and polymer concentrations in the precursor solution, various pore size distributions, pore structures, connectivity and surface properties were determined and applied for selective recovery of low mass proteins. The selective parsing of the enriched peptides into different subclasses according to their physicochemical properties will enhance the efficiency of recovery and detection of low abundance species. In combination with mass spectrometry and statistic analysis, we demonstrated the correlation between the nanophase characteristics of the mesoporous silica thin films and the specificity and efficacy of low mass proteome harvesting. The results presented herein reveal the potential of the nanotechnology-based technology to provide a powerful alternative to conventional methods for LMWP harvesting from complex biological fluids. Because of the ability to tune the material properties, the capability for low-cost production, the simplicity and rapidity of sample collection, and the greatly reduced sample requirements for analysis, this novel nanotechnology will substantially impact the field of proteomic biomarker research and clinical proteomic assessment.
EARLY WEANING INDUCES JEJUNAL MUCOSAL CELL PROLIFERATION IN NEONATAL RATS. † 718

The cellular mechanisms of early weaning on intestinal development are not well established. To see if cell proliferation occurs in intestinal mucosa after early weaning, suckling rats were weaned precociously on postnatal day 15 and sacrificed 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after early weaning. Jejunal mucosa were assayed for ODC (ornithine decarboxylase), sucrase activities, protein and DNA contents. Jejunal cell proliferation was monitored by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that increased jejunal ODC activity was the earliest cellular event to occur after early weaning. ODC increased at day 1 and peaked at day 3 (32-fold), followed by sucrase activity with increases at day 2 and peaked at day 3 (13-fold). The increase in BrdU immunostaining was seen at day 3. The increase of protein and DNA contents occurred at day 6. Serum corticosterone levels were increased on days 1 and 2 only. To explore if the intake of high carbohydrate rat chow was the causative factor, we also compared the induction of ODC activity in early weaned and fasted pups. Results showed that 1 day after early weaning ODC activity was not increased in the fasted group while the early weaned group showed 7-fold increase. These findings suggest early weaning stimulates jejunal cell proliferation as indicated by increased in both BrdU immunostaining and ODC activity. Increase in corticosteroid may be the trigger in the initial stage of the early weaning process but dietary factor also plays a role.
Search for pick-up ion generated Na+ cyclotron waves at Mercury

[1] Magnetometer data was examined from the two Mariner 10 passages through Mercury's magnetosphere for evidence of Na+ electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves (ICW). These waves are expected to be produced if the thermalization of newly created Na+ pick-up ions occurs. We found no evidence of Na+ ICW. The spacecraft's rapid passage through Mercury's magnetosphere meant that the ambient magnetic field was only relatively constant for at most ∼3–4 Na+ ICW wave periods throughout each transversal, therefore limiting the spectral resolution of the Na+ cyclotron frequency. Our computations indicate that the wavelengths of Na+ ICW may be on the order of the system scale lengths. It is, therefore, questionable whether these waves can grow to sufficient amplitude to effectively thermalize these pick-up ions and incorporate them into Mercury's magnetosphere.
Caribbean electricity restructuring: an assessment

This article assesses the privatisation of the electricity sector in two Caribbean countries, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, to determine if they have been successful and whether they have contributed benefits to the respective societies. Two general methods are applied in assessing the success of the divestments; attainment of governments' stated objectives and commonly used utility performance metrics together with social and customer focus indicators. The results indicate that the stated objectives were broadly achieved, and the privatisation and its attempts brought benefits to the consumers and the society in general. The short to medium term benefits were accrued through lower labour costs per unit of electricity, higher performance of plant and operations and business led decision-making. Long-term benefits are accrued through the reduction or elimination of electricity supply deficits. However, although the basic privatisations were successful, the absence of an adequate regulatory framework in one case may have reduced the quantum of benefits through failure to enforce continuous improvement in the privatised generation company, and reductions in worker rents in the public distribution company. Further, benefits were reduced by long divestment processes, accompanying strategic drift, opportunity costs from delayed sale proceeds and efficiency enhancement, and the costs to sustain interim operations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden sector of superstring models: An effective lagrangian analysis

Abstract The effective lagrangian for the strongly interacting E8-sector of superstring-type supergravity models is constructed. Dynamical supersymmetry breaking and other nonperturbative effects are analysed.
Unequal freezing and melting temperatures for clusters

Abstract Using a previously introduced quantum statistical model, analyze necessary and sufficient conditions on the density of states for coexistence of liquid and solid clusters. We conclude that clusters of N particles have sharp freezing and melting temperatures limiting the ranges of phase stability and that these temperatures are unequal.
Anomalously light bound-states in SYM Cherns-Simons theory

Abstract We apply supersymmetric discrete light-cone quantization (SDLCQ) to the study of supersymmetric YangMills-Chern-Simons (SYM-CS) theory on R × S 1 × S 1 . One of the compact directions is chosen to be light-like and the other to be space-like. Since the SDLCQ regularization explicitly preserves supersymmetry, this theory is totally finite, and thus we can solve for bound-state wave functions and masses numerically without renormalizing. The Chern-Simons term is introduced here to provide masses for the particles while remaining totally within a supersymmetric context. We discuss a set of anomalously light states which are a reflection of the exact BPS state of the underlying of supersymmetric SYM theory.
OVARIAN MATURATION INDUCED BY EYESTALK ABLATION IN PINK SHRIMP, Penaeus duorarum BURKENROAD1

This paper describes attempts to induce maturation of ovaries and ova in pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) by eyestalk ablation and by control of environmental variables (light, temperature, salinity, and food). Ovaries and ova of pink shrimp can be induced to ripen within 2 weeks by eyestalk ablation.
TPD and ESD studies of the interaction of hydrogen and oxygen on polycrystalline zirconium

Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and electron stimulated desorption (ESD) have been used to study the interaction of hydrogen and oxygen on a polycrystalline zirconium surface. ESD and TPD features due to hydrogen bonding directly both to oxygen and to Zr are identified. Deuterium adsorption studies reveal that the presence of an oxide layer retards hydrogen adsorption but that the oxygen attracts bulk hydrogen forming a hydroxylated surface oxide layer.
Peptide bis-intercalator binds DNA via threading mode with sequence specific contacts in the major groove

Abstract Background: We previously described a general class of DNA polyintercalators in which 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) intercalating units are connected via peptide linkers, resulting in the first known tetrakis - and octakis -intercalators. We showed further that changes in the composition of the peptide tether result in novel DNA binding site specificities. We now examine in detail the DNA binding mode and sequence specific recognition of Compound 1, an NDI bis -intercalator containing the peptide linker gly-gly-gly-lys. Results: 1 H-NMR structural studies of Compound 1 bound to d(CGGTACCG) 2 confirmed a threading mode of intercalation, with four base pairs between the diimide units. The NMR data, combined with DNAse I footprinting of several analogs, suggest that specificity depends on a combination of steric and electrostatic contacts by the peptide linker in the floor of the major groove. Conclusions: In view of the modular nature and facile synthesis of our NDI-based polyintercalators, such structural knowledge can be used to improve or alter the specificity of the compounds and design longer polyintercalators that recognize correspondingly longer DNA sequences with alternating access to both DNA grooves.
Six-dimensional quantum dynamics for dissociative chemisorption of H2 and D2 on Ag(111) on a permutation invariant potential energy surface

A six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for H2 dissociation on rigid Ag(111) is developed by fitting ∼4000 plane-wave density functional theory points using the recently proposed permutation invariant polynomial-neural network (PIP-NN) method, which enforces both the surface periodicity and molecular permutation symmetry. Quantum reactive scattering calculations on the PIP-NN PES yielded dissociative sticking probabilities for both H2 and D2. Good agreement with experiment was achieved at high collision energies, but the agreement is less satisfactory at low collision energies, due apparently to the neglect of surface temperature in our model. The dissociation is activated by both vibrational and translational excitations, with roughly equal efficacies. Rotational and alignment effects were examined and found to be quite similar to hydrogen dissociation on Ag(100) and Cu(111).
Large-Scale Automated Refactoring Using ClangMR

Maintaining large code bases can be a challenging endeavour. As new libraries, APIs and standards are introduced, old code is migrated to use them. To provide as clean and succinct an interface as possible for developers, old APIs are ideally removed as new ones are introduced. In practice, this becomes difficult as automatically finding and transforming code in a semantically correct way can be challenging, particularly as the size of a code base increases. In this paper, we present a real-world implementation of a system to refactor large C++ code bases efficiently. A combination of the Clang compiler framework and the MapReduce parallel processor, ClangMR enables code maintainers to easily and correctly transform large collections of code. We describe the motivation behind such a tool, its implementation and then present our experiences using it in a recent API update with Google's C++ code base.
Cold-vapor atomic absorption analysis for mercury in the Greenland Sea

Abstract A cold-vapor atomic absorption technique for the analysis of mercury in sea water has been developed and tested. It is adaptable to use on shipboard, and sufficiently sensitive to monitor the mercury content of ocean waters at the rate of 4 to 6 samples per hour. Laboratory analyses show the technique to be capable of 7·7% relative standard deviation with samples of 220 ng/l. Application of the technique to water samples returned from arctic areas have indicated changes in mercury content from the 50 ng/l. typical of open ocean water, to 360 ng/l. for surface waters associated with sea ice.
Single-phase filtering system for DC motor locomotives

This research has been motivated by industrial demand for modernization of older types of DC motor locomotives powered from AC line. The paper describes control algorithm of additional filtering system for DC motor locomotives based on shunt active power filter (APF). The single-phase shunt active power filter reduces harmonic distortion of AC-line current and thus reduces losses in traction transformer and trolley-wire. The proposed control algorithm of APF consists of hysteresis current controller with an adaptive multiplicative general parameter finite impulse response filter (MGP-FIR) as a precise current reference generator. Behaviour of designed control is analyzed by experiments on developed laboratory prototype.
Improvement of absolute pitch naming

Ss improved their accuracy in naming sine tones in an “absolute context” in which an intertrial distractive procedure was used to reduce “relative” cues. This result does not support the popular assumption that absolute pitch is an innate and inviolable “gift.”
Post-tympanostomy otorrhea

Otorrhea is the most common complication of surgical drainage of the tympanum for the treatment of chronic secretory otitis media. Otorrhea present at the first postoperative visit may be due to the operative procedure, the underlying disease process, or both. After analyzing data from 525 operations on 1045 ears of 396 children with chronic secretory otitis media, and finding an over-all incidence of immediate postoperative otorrhea of 3.4%, we conclude that preparations of the ear canal with povidone iodine and the postoperative prophylactic use of an antimicrobial-corticosteroid topical preparation provides optimal control of postoperative wound infection. Sporadic increases in the incidence of postoperative otorrhea may be due to extrinsic factors such as outbreaks of upper respiratory infection.
Stomatal responses to light and humidity in sugarcane: prediction of daily time courses and identification of potential selection criteria

Abstract Stomatal sensitivities to light and VPD have potential as quantitative selection criteria in programs designed to enhance water-use efficiency of sugarcane and other crops. These responses were characterized using gas exchange techniques and then simulated by a mathematical relationship describing conductance as a function of photon fluence rates and VPD values. The same form of relationship simulated stomatal responses of well-watered greenhouse- and field-grown plants. A comparison between simulated and measured conductance values showed a close correlation, indicating that light and VPD responses of stomata are dominant input signals modulating stomatal conductance in sugarcane. Observed conductance of Hawaiian sugarcane in a commerical production area appeared larger than required to support prevailing rates of carbon assimilation, since predicted intercellular CO2 was greater than required to saturate its C4 photosynthesis. Manipulation of the relationship describing stomatal conductance allowed us to simulate the responses of plants with hypothetically altered stomatal sensitivities to VPD or to light, using micrometeorological data collected in the field. Further simulation indicated that selection for clones with altered stomatal sensitivity to either light or VPD could improve the water-use efficiency of sugarcane without inhibiting current high levels of productivity.
Evidence for π-Stacking as a Source of Stereocontrol in the Synthesis of the Core Pyranochromene Ring System common to Calyxin I, Calyxin J, and Epicalyxin J

A diastereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydropyranochromene ring system common to several natural product isolates of Alpinia blepharocalyx is reported. We have shown that a stereochemical preference exists for a syn configuration between the anomeric aryl substituents, representative of the C-7 and C-7′ substituents in the natural products. Further, our results show that stereocontrol is under kinetic control, and calculations suggest that a favorable π-stacking interaction may be the source of this stereocontrol.
Adenomatoid Tumor of the Pancreas: A Case Report with Comparison of Histology and Aspiration Cytology

We present a 58-year-old woman who presented with a 1.5-cm, hypodense lesion in the head of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration yielded bland, monotonous cells with wispy cytoplasm, slightly granular chromatin, and small nucleoli. A presumptive diagnosis of a neuroendocrine lesion was rendered. Whipple procedure yielded a well-circumscribed, encapsulated lesion with dense, hyalinized stroma and a peripheral rim of lymphocytes. Spindled and epithelioid cells formed short tubules, cords, and nests. The neoplasm stained for CK 5/6, calretinin, vimentin, CD 99, pancytokeratin, and EMA, consistent with mesothelial origin. This characteristic histology and immunohistochemistry is consistent with an adenomatoid tumor. We believe we are the first to report this benign neoplasm in such an unusual location. Herein we address the diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor by histology, immunohistochemistry, and aspiration cytology. Our case is particularly unique in that the histology and cytology are compared and correlated.
Effect of layer spacing on wear of Ni/Cu multilayer alloys

Abstract Alloys consisting of multiple alternate layers of nickel and copper have been prepared by electrodeposition and studied in sliding wear. Most recently a multilayer alloy with a layer spacing of 3.8 nm was studied, to complement earlier studies of multilayer alloys with layer spacings of 10 and 100 nm. In order to determine wear characteristics, the alloys were tested in unlubricated sliding against type 52100 steel in a crossed-cylinder geometry at various loads. It was found that the most wear-resistant alloy was the one having the smallest layer spacing, 3.8 nm. Further, all the multilayer alloys showed less wear than either copper or nickel deposited from the same solution and tested under the same conditions. The multilayer structure in these alloys is thought to provide internal barriers to wear which occurred by plastic deformation processes. The data suggest that the individual layer spacing determines the level of stress necessary to initiate severe wear.
Distinct conformations of the corticotropin releasing factor type 1 receptor adopted following agonist and antagonist binding are differentially regulated.

The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor (CRF1) is a class B family G protein-coupled receptor that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis. Astressin is an amino-terminal truncated analog of CRF that retains high affinity binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor and is believed to act as a neutral competitive antagonist of receptor activation. Here we show that despite being unable to activate the CRF1 receptor, astressin binding results in the internalization of the receptor. Furthermore, entirely different pathways of internalization of CRF1 receptors are utilized following CRF and astressin binding. CRF causes the receptor to be phosphorylated, recruit β-arrestin2, and to be internalized rapidly, likely through clathrin-coated pits. Astressin, however, fails to induce receptor phosphorylation or β-arrestin2 recruitment, and internalization is slow and occurs through a pathway that is insensitive to inhibitors of clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. The fate of the internalized receptors also differs because only CRF-induced internalization results in receptor down-regulation. Furthermore, we present evidence that for astressin to induce internalization it must interact with both the extracellular amino terminus and the juxtamembrane domain of the receptor. Astressin binds with 6-fold higher affinity to full-length CRF1 receptors than to a chimeric protein containing only the extracellular domain attached to the transmembrane domain of the activin IIB receptor, yet two 12-residue analogs of astressin have similar affinities for both proteins but are unable to induce receptor internalization. These data demonstrate that agonists and antagonists for CRF1 receptors promote distinct conformations, which are then differentially regulated.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation During Bronchopulmonary Lavage

• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a venoarterial perfusion circuit was used to provide support of gas exchange during bronchopulmonary lavage in a 32-year-old man with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and severe arterial hypoxemia. Prior to the lavage, Pao2during mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen and positive end-expiratory pressure was only 125 mm Hg. Extracorporeal perfusion at a flow rate of 3 liters/min, with oxygen delivery of 244 ml/min, increased the Pao2to 227 mm Hg and lowered the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 28 to 24 mm Hg. During bronchopulmonary lavage and ECMO, the Pao2ranged between 46 and 96 mm Hg. After the procedure, pulmonary performance decidedly improved. By reducing the chances of fatal hypoxemia, ECMO allowed treatment to be instituted for this potentially reversible disorder and proved helpful as a form of support during the management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis when severe hypoxemia may have otherwise precluded bronchopulmonary lavage. (Arch Surg 111:1148-1153, 1976)
Is avascular necrosis of the femoral head the result of inhibition of angiogenesis

An hypothesis is offered here that the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is based on the inhibition of angiogenesis. Well-established facts supporting this hypothesis are: 1, the lesion of AVN is vascular obliteration often leading to infarction; 2, glucocorticoids, which are a risk factor for AVN, are inhibitors of angiogenesis; 3, interferons, which are now being used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis, leukemias, and hemangiomas are inhibitors of angiogenesis, and other endogenously produced cytokines are also inhibitors; 4, constituents of cartilage are inhibitors of angiogenesis, explaining the subchondral location of AVN; 5, angiography of the femoral head indicates the need for continual renewal of its blood supply, shows the inhibition of revascularization by steroids, and suggests that the stress of weight bearing makes the femoral head particularly vulnerable. This hypothesis has implications for the therapeutic use of inhibitors of angiogenesis.
Plasmonics with Doped Quantum Dots

We review the discovery of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in doped semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), an advance that has extended nanoplasmonics to materials beyond the classic gamut of noble metals. The initial demonstrations of near-infrared LSPRs in QDs of heavily self-doped copper chalcogenides and conducting metal oxides are setting the broad stage for this new field. We describe the key properties of QD LSPRs. Although the essential physics of plasmon resonances are similar to that in metal nanoparticles, the attributes of QD LSPRs represent a paradigm shift from metal nanoplasmonics. Carrier doping of quantum dots allows access to tunable LSPRs in the wide frequency range from the THz to the near-infrared. Such composition or carrier density tunability is unique to semiconductor quantum dots and not achievable in metal nanoparticles. Most strikingly, semiconductor quantum dots allow plasmon resonances to be dynamically tuned or switched by active control of carriers. Semiconducting quantum dots thus represent the ideal building blocks for active plasmonics. A number of potential applications are discussed, including the use of plasmonic quantum dots as ultrasmall labels for biomedicine and electrochromic materials, the utility of LSPRs for probing nanoscale charge dynamics in semiconductors, and the exploitation of strong coupling between photons and excitons. Further advances in this field necessitate efforts toward generalizing plasmonic phenomena to a wider range of semiconductors, developing strategies for achieving controlled levels of doping and stabilizing them, investigating the spectroscopy of these systems on a fundamental level, and exploring their integration into optoelectronic devices.
Novel through-die connections for MEMS applications

Novel through-die front-to-back connections for MEMS applications are described. Large diameter (~100 μm diameter) front-to-back through-die connections have been studied previously for MEMS applications. Multi-level through-die hole structures are proposed here to overcome problems of large diameter through-die holes (lesser front-side active area) and facilitate new applications. Two-level versions of such through-die holes comprise of a small front-side hole (<1 μm diameter) and a large back-side hole (~100 μm diameter), or vice versa. Alternatively, multiple small holes from one side can connect to a large hole from the other side. Multiple concentric holes from one surface can be fabricated with appropriate spacer technology. Two-level through-die structures in silicon have been designed, fabrication processes developed, and the resulting structures characterized. New CMP based patterning techniques have been developed for sidewall films on through-die wafers. Two-level through-die holes have been fabricated with 100 μm diameter hole in the back and 5 to 30 μm diameter holes in the front-side with a pitch from 300 μm to 1000 μm. Through-die hole sidewall conductive coatings have been accomplished with CVD Tungsten and in-situ doped LPCVD Polysilicon. Two-level through-die holes have many potential applications, including low impedance ground connections, on-die power/ground distribution, on-die Faraday shielding, on-chip CMOS and MEMS integration, 3D MEMS devices, micro-fluidics, and 3D integration.
TANDARTS DANIËLLE IN AUSCHWITZ

Een vrouwelijke tandarts die een ijverige communiste was en die postuum door de Franse Republiek onderscheiden werd met deLegion d’honneur? Dat gebeurdemet tandarts Danielle Casanova.
Simple Device to Accurately Position Image Standards for Calibrating High Spatial Resolution Optical Systems

The need for optical imaging systems which possess high spatial resolution capability is ever-increasing as fundamental studies of arcs, sparks, inductively coupled plasmas, and other analytical discharges grow and mature.
Attitudes, Precedents and Cultural Change: Explaining the Citation of Foreign Precedents by the Supreme Court of Canada

Policy convergence theory suggests that political leaders of societies will often emulate policy solutions that work in other settings. Yet political leaders can also reject policy alternatives, leading to policy divergence. This study explores the extent to which policy convergence (and/or divergence) takes place in the legal setting of citation practices by the Supreme Court of Canada. The authors examine the Court's practice of citing authorities from other countries, particularly the United States. The findings echo earlier works that have found increasing citation of US case law since the adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982. The justices of the Canadian Supreme Court continue to devote considerable attention to the legal doctrines of other countries' courts, particularly when they are confronted with Charter disputes. Thus, convergence theory gets some qualified support when applied to the Canadian Supreme Court's citation practices. The authors provide several complementary explanations for this evidence of policy emulation, suggesting that it stems from the individual attitudes of justices, from the litigation strategies pursued by groups and from broader societal values that the justices adhere to in their rulings. As such, foreign citation patterns of justices on the Supreme Court of Canada should not only be of interest to public law scholars, but to political scientists generally.La theorie sur la convergence des politiques soutient que les dirigeants des societes imitent souvent les solutions politiques qui ont fait leur preuve dans d'autres contextes. Les dirigeants peuvent egalement, cependant, rejeter les alternatives politiques menant a des divergences. Cette etude examine la portee de la convergence (ou des divergences) des politiques dans le cadre des pratiques de citation de la Cour supreme du Canada, lorsque celles-ci concernent les autorites de d'autres pays, les Etats-Unis en particulier. Ses conclusions rejoignent celles de travaux anterieurs qui ont constate une augmentation des citations des lois americaines depuis l'adoption de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertes, en l982. Les juges de la Cour Supreme du Canada continuent d'accorder une attention importante aux doctrines legales des cours des autres pays, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont confrontes a des contestations de la Charte. Donc la theorie de la convergence est confirmee dans une certaine mesure par les pratiques de citation de la Cour supreme du Canada. L'article fournit plusieurs explications complementaires de cette politique d'imitation, suggerant qu'elle origine des attitudes individuelles des juges, des strategies de contestation utilisees par les groupes et, plus largement, des valeurs societales auxquelles se referent les juges dans leurs decisions. Par consequent, les patterns de citation des jurisprudences etrangeres de la Cour supreme du Canada devraient interesse, non seulement les chercheurs en droit public, mais les specialistes de la science politique en general.
An AFM-Based Nanomanipulation Model Describing the Atomic Two Dimensional Stick-Slip Behavior

A new AFM-based nanomanipulation model describing the relevant physics and dynamics at the nanoscale is presented. The nanomanipulation scheme consists of integrated subsystems that are identified in a modular approach. The model subsystems define the AFM cantilever-sample dynamics, the AFM tip-sample interactions, the contact mechanics and the friction between the sample and the substrate. The coupling between these different subsystems is emphasized. The main contribution of the proposed nanomanipulation model is the use of a new 2D dynamic friction model based on a generalized bristle interpretation of one asperity contact. The efficacy of the proposed model to reproduce experimental data is demonstrated via numerical simulations. In fact, the model is shown to describe the 2D stick-slip behavior with the substrate lattice periodicity. The proposed nanomanipulation model facilitates the improvement and extension of each subsystem to further take into account the complex interactions at the nanoscale.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Screening for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy: A comparison of two tests and reassessment of a common approach

Abstract The usefulness of glycosylated hemoglobin as a prenatal screening test for carbohydrate intolerance was studied in 806 consecutive subjects by correlating glycosylated hemoglobin to 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests, and perinatal and maternal outcomes. Sixty-seven subjects whose 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels were ≥ 150 mg/100 ml underwent 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests; 12 were diagnostic of carbohydrate intolerance. Compared to carbohydrate-tolerant control subjects, gravid patients with carbohydrate intolerance were older, more obese, had higher 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and infants with increased birth weight percentiles, depressed 5-minute Apgar scores, and an increased incidence of shoulder dystocia and perinatal mortality. Three of 10 carbohydrate-intolerant patients who were evaluated post partum were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes. Division of measurements of 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin into normal, borderline, and suspicious groups demonstrated a reduction in discriminatory capability of glycosylated hemoglobin as compared to the 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose. We conclude that (1) laboratory screening for carbohydrate intolerance should be a standard element of the prenatal evaluation; (2) gravid patients found to have carbohydrate intolerance should be reevaluated post partum to rule out overt diabetes, and (3) the 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose test is the preferred means of routine screening for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.
Detection and quantitation of Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk by direct qPCR

Abstract An improved method was developed to detect and quantify Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk to support studies on the food safety implications of consumption of raw milk. Centrifugation coupled with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), DNase and trypsin treatments under optimized conditions was used to concentrate bacteria from 10 mL of raw milk and remove polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. DNA from the entire sample pellet was efficiently extracted in a fast, single-tube step, and quantitated with a 5′ nuclease quantitative PCR assay. This approach represents a significant improvement over earlier methods, in ability to use large sample volumes, effectively remove inhibitors without use of toxic or flammable reagents, efficiently extract DNA and obtain rapid, quantitative results. E. coli O157:H7 inoculated into raw milk was detected at 1 cfu mL−1 from a 10 mL sample in less than 3 h.
Chemically stimulated luminescence in rare earth oxides

Abstract Strong luminescence from Tb 3+ −(∼0.1%) doped Y 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 is activated by a hydrogen diffusion flame. 45 spectral lines are resolved, the strongest of which exhibits maximum intensity at 160°C. Activation appears to be by neutral OH ∗ species in the flame.
Fault-Tolerant Sensor Placement Based on Control Reconfigurability

Abstract This paper formulates and solves the problem of placing additional sensors into a dynamic system, with focus on enhancing the tolerance to loss of a specified number of sensors anywhere in the system under certain constraints. The placement criterion is based on a previously defined concept called control reconfigurability, which imposes a requirement on the minimum Hankel singular values for all anticipated fault scenarios. This requirement causes the placement of measurement devices to benefit the analytic redundancy in the dynamic system with respect to the anticipated sensor outages. The same principle is applicable to placing additional control devices into dynamic systems. A simple power network model is used to illustrate the fault-tolerant placement concept, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to minimize the additional number of sensors placed without violating the required control reconfigurability. The results of placing phase measurement units for the IEEE 118-bus system are presented.
SREMP Uncertainties with Resistive Power Lines

Resistive power lines have been investigated with respect to two major SREMP uncertainties; namely soil breakdown effects and wire vaporization effects. Parametric studies have been performed to scope the magnitude of these uncertainties and demonstrate where workable solutions exist.