cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Una mirada conjugada en la gestión cultural estadounidense: tendencias actuales.

Debido al descenso que se experimenta en Estados Unidos en la participacion del publico en los eventos culturales, las instituciones y organizaciones culturales ponen el enfasis en como desarrollar un nuevo publico y reflexionan sobre el impacto que pueden alcanzar mas alla de sus paredes fisicas. Este impacto se dirige al desarrollo humano, a la revitalizacion urbana, al bienestar social y a la creacion activa de la cultura. En linea con esta mision y vision encontramos actividades y programas que se llevan a cabo en espacios no tradicionales, que expanden la cooperacion social desplazando el foco institucional hacia la creatividad, dirigiendo el objetivo hacia el dialogo critico, construyendo participacion cultural significativa, desafiando el paisaje interno de la organizacion y sus procesos para servir mejor a la comunidad y a su entorno. Este articulo analiza esta tendencia por medio de casos especificos de instituciones de artes visuales y estudia conceptos comunes que entran en juego tales como la cooperacion social y el valor publico. Este texto incorpora un contexto historico y cuestiona la percepcion publica de estas tendencias y su relacion con el sector sin animo de lucro y su particular modelo de financiacion.
The Surrender of Secrecy? Explaining the Strength of Transparency and Access to Information Laws

Is there any democratic building block more fundamental than accurate government information? Countries around the world have enacted more than 85 access to government information laws (FOIA or transparency) over the past decade. This paper provides an explanation for why some countries pass strong transparency laws while others come up short. It points to two necessary conditions for strong laws, the support of the news media and legislatively compromised leaders. Whereas structural reforms have been known to require strong executives in full possession of their legislative faculties, the evidence suggests that effective accountability and transparency measures may require just the opposite. A broad analysis of laws across Latin America, including case studies on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay illustrate the paper’s central argument. I employ interview and archival evidence, data from quantitative content analyses and an original evaluation of laws to illustrate the wide variation of strength in access to government information laws across the region. I find that laws are enacted earlier, stronger and news media coverage is more robust when leaders are legislatively compromised. The paper develops novel frameworks for understanding news media policy advocacy and the relationship between legislative balances of power and transparency legislation.
Search on Encrypted Data

The proliferation of a new breed of data management applications that store and process data at remote locations has led to the emergence of search over encrypted data as an important research problem. In a typical setting of the problem, data is stored at the remote location in an encrypted form. A query generated at the clientside is transformed into a representation such that it can be evaluated directly on encrypted data at the remote location. The results might be processed by the client after decryption to determine the final answers.
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Problems and approaches in developing an information system that will most effectively aid the planners are presented. The analysis of information needs centers around the concept of a system’s complexity. A simpler information system has only the function of retrieving data from a data base. STORET, the information retrieval system currently being used by the states’ stream pollution control boards, is an example. A much more complex system is one that has the capability of interfacing application programs with the data base, as does GPLAN, the system presented in this paper. River models and simulators are controlled by GPLAN to take its output from a data base and store its output in this same data base for later reference. GPLAN offers an information retrieval language approaching a natural-language syntax and allows the user to command execution of the application programs via the query language.
Characterization of GP30EVLF 30 Ah Lithium Iron Phosphate battery cells

Different batteries have been evaluated to check their capability in Electric vehicles. This paper performs evaluation on 30 Ah Lithium Iron Phosphate battery cells from Gold Peak. Different tests (charge- discharge cycle, fast charging test, realistic load test) were done on the battery cells. The tests were done at ±0.0°C, +20.0°C, +40.0°C. Current, voltage, and temperature were recorded throughout the tests. During cycle test, constant current mode exerted exothermic reaction and constant voltage mode exerted endothermic reaction. Ah efficiency and Wh efficiency were analyzed for different current rates at different temperatures. The battery cell performed Realistic Road Test (RRT) at every temperature but at reduced rate. Wh calculations for RRT were performed and presented. During fast charging it was observed that at 150 amps charging, battery cells entered in to constant voltage mode. The maximum temperature rise observed was at 150 amps discharging and 40°C. At 0°C, battery cells did not except high current rate of 150 amps.
Moving hospitalized children all over the southeast: interstate transfer of pediatric patients during Hurricane Katrina.

RACTICAL QUESTIONS: The question was, and is, “Can hospitalized children, in a geographic area, have their continuing medical needs met when capacity in that geographic area to provide care is exceeded?” Events after the landfall of Hurricane Katrina on the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, generated significant information about pediatric care delivery during a disaster. In particular, Katrina helped answer 3 key questions regarding the care of children under disaster conditions: 1. In a disaster, will regional capabilities be used to augment local capabilities to care for children? In particular, will there be a preference for bypassing nearby providers of adult care to send pediatric patients to more specialized pediatric care facilities that are more geographically distant? 2. Can the communication and logistic challenges associated with regional pediatric patient movement be overcome during a disaster? 3. Do government disaster plans at the local, state, and federal levels facilitate pediatric patient movement across jurisdictions during a disaster? We will provide a chronological timeline of pediatric activities related to the care of patients in 3 New Orleans hospitals (Tulane University Hospital, Children's Hospital of New Orleans, and Alton Ochsner Foundation Hospital) at the time of Katrina's landfall. After outlining the relevant sequence of activities, we will relate these activities to the 3 questions posed above. Our discussion focuses on New Orleans, because it is an urban center with the highest concentration of pediatric inpatients that were impacted by Katrina. Our timeline is based on selected interviews and publicly available information. Despite the biased, qualitative, and focused nature of the analysis, the New Orleans experience demonstrates the need for significant adjustments in our disaster plans for pediatric care during disasters. Ironically, pediatric health care providers from 5 states had been participating in the Southeastern Regional Pediatric Disaster Response Network for 1 year before Hurricane Katrina in … Address correspondence to Crayton A. Fargason, MD, Children's Hospital of Alabama, ACC Suite 512, 1600 7th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35233. E-mail: crayton.fargason{at}peds.uab.edu
A crustal transect across the Oman Mountains on the eastern margin of Arabia

The unique tectonic setting of the Oman Mountains and the Semail Ophiolite, together with ongoing hydrocarbon exploration, have focused geological research on the sedimentary and ophiolite stratigraphy of Oman. However, there have been few investigations of the crustal-scale structure of the eastern Arabian continental margin. In order to rectify this omission, we made a 255-km-long, southwesterly oriented crustal transect of the Oman Mountains from the Coastal Zone to the interior Foreland via the 3,000-m-high Jebel Akhdar. The model for the upper 8 km of the crust was constrained using 152 km of 2-D seismic reflection profiles, 15 exploratory wells, and 1:100,000to 1:250,000-scale geological maps. Receiver-function analysis of teleseismic earthquake waveform data from three temporary digital seismic stations gave the first reliable estimates of depth-to-Moho. Bouguer gravity modeling provided further evidence of depths to the Moho and metamorphic basement.
Genetic Analysis of Audiogenic Seizure Susceptibility in C57bl/6j x Dba/2j Recombinant Inbred Strains of Mice

The inheritance of susceptibility to audiogenic seizures (ASs) was studied in the C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) progenitor strains, their reciprocal F(1) hybrids, backcross generations and in 21 B6 x D2 recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice at 21 days of age. All of the D2 mice tested experienced ASs, whereas none of the B6 mice responded to the sound. Although 23% of the F(1) mice experienced wild running, they were generally as resistant to ASs as their B6 parents. Mice of the F(1)x B6 backcross generation were also resistant to ASs. In the F(1)x D2 backcross generation, however, a significant preponderance (72%) of AS-susceptible mice was found. No significant association was observed between any of the four coat-color phenotypes that were segregating in this generation and susceptibility to ASs. A continuous distribution of mean seizure severity scores and several new audiogenic response phenotypes, distinctly different from the phenotypes of either progenitor strain, were found among the 21 RI strains. These and the results from the F(1)x D2 backcross generation suggest that the difference in AS susceptibility between 21-day-old B6 and D2 mice cannot be under the control of a single locus. In addition, no association was found between AS susceptibility and the chromosome 4 markers Lyb-2, Mup-1 and b among the 21 RI strains. An association was observed, however, between AS susceptibility and the Ah locus. Several of the RI strains that were AS resistant at 21 days of age became AS susceptible as adults. One RI strain was susceptible to ASs at both young and adult ages. The B6, D2 and F(1) mice were completely resistant to ASs at adult ages. Genetic differences were found among the RI strains for the incidence, onset, duration, and type of severity of ASs. A remarkable amount of phenotypic variability in the audiogenic response, which can be attributed only to the influence of environmental factors, occurred within several of the RI strains. A multiple-factor mode of inheritance involving a physiological threshold can account for our observations.
Minding the Gap: Narrative Descriptions about Mental States Attenuate Parochial Empathy

In three experiments, we examine parochial empathy (feeling more empathy for in-group than out-group members) across novel group boundaries, and test whether we can mitigate parochial empathy with brief narrative descriptions. In the absence of individuating information, participants consistently report more empathy for members of their own assigned group than a competitive out-group. However, individualized descriptions of in-group and outgroup targets significantly reduce parochial empathy by interfering with encoding of targets’ group membership. Finally, the descriptions that most effectively decrease parochial empathy are those that describe targets’ mental states. These results support the role of individuating information in ameliorating parochial empathy, suggest a mechanism for their action, and show that descriptions emphasizing targets’ mental states are particularly effective.
New estimates of the cost of capital for pharmaceutical firms

Abstract Academic researchers, as well as pharmaceutical firms themselves, often use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to estimate a firm's cost of capital. But the CAPM implicitly assumes that cash flows follow a random walk. This assumption is inconsistent with our finding that large U.S.-based pharmaceutical firms' cash flow growth rates display either momentum or mean-reversion. We show that growth rate momentum implies: (1) the systematic risk of a project increases monotonically with time to maturity of the cash flows; and (2) longer duration projects require a higher cost of capital. One of the practical implications of our results is that the traditional CAPM underestimates the cost of capital for some pharmaceutical firms by as much as 2.8%. These findings are quite relevant for the policy debate about the high rates of return earned by pharmaceutical companies, which some claim are pure rents and are not necessary to attract investors. Our theoretical and empirical analysis shows that high returns are often required to compensate for the higher systematic risk of long-duration pharmaceutical cash flows.
Generation of permutations for SIMD processors

Short vector (SIMD) instructions are useful in signal processing, multimedia, and scientific applications. They offer higher performance, lower energy consumption, and better resource utilization. However, compilers still do not have good support for SIMD instructions, and often the code has to be written manually in assembly language or using compiler builtin functions. Also, in some applications, higher parallelism could be achieved if compilers inserted permutation instructions that reorder the data in registers. In this paper we describe how we create SIMD instructions from regular code, and determine ordering of individual operations in the SIMD instructions to minimize the number of permutation instructions. Individual memory operations are grouped into SIMD operations based on their effective addresses. The SIMD data flow graph is then constructed by following data dependences from SIMD memory operations. Then, the orderings of operations are propagated from SIMD memory operations into the graph.We also describe our approach to compute decomposition of a given permutation into the permutation instructions of the target architecture. Experiments with our prototype compiler show that this approach scales well with the number of operations in SIMD instructions (SIMD width) and can be used to compile a number of important kernels, achieving up to 35% speedup.
Cadmium-113m in the water, sediments, and adjacent soils of Lake Michigan

Abstract Cadmium-113m entered the environment as a consequence of testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere. Earlier we demonstrated that 113m Cd can be determined accurately in water, soils, and sediments. In Lake Michigan, the present concentrations of 113m Cd are 350 ± 150 μ Bq l −1 ( n = 16) in the water, and 10.0 ± 5.5 mBq g −1 ( n = 12) in the surficial sediments. The specific activities in water and sediment are statistically indistinguishable from one another and average 9.9 kBq g −1 Cd. The inferred K D is thus 29 ± 20 l g −1 . In undisturbed soils near Lake Michigan, the mean 113m Cd/ 137 Cs activity ratio is 2.0 ± 1.4 × 10 −2 ( n = 4), implying a total 113m Cd input to the lake of 2.7 ± 1.3 TBq (corrected for decay to 1984). Using the K D for 113m Cd, and taking K D for 137 Cs to be 90 ± 6 l g −1 , the predicted 113m Cd activities are 1.1 ± 1.1 mBq g −1 in sediment, and 120 ± 125 μ Bq l −1 in water. These values are comparable to the observed activities. Application of a simple one-box model to the observed activities leads to a residence time for Cd of 40 ± 30 years, or about 0.4 times the hydraulic residence time. Resuspension may account for the difference between the 113m Cd-based value and an earlier estimate based on a mass balance for stable Cd.
Influence of communicator's race on efficacy of an HIV/STD prevention intervention among African American and Caucasian college students.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present research examined the influence of communicator's race on the efficacy of intervention videos in the reduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among African American and Caucasian college females. Design: Experimental HIV/STD prevention digital versatile disks (DVDs) featured a White female as a primary or a secondary communicator relative to a Black female, while a control DVD featured 2 Black females. Respondents watched 1 DVD and completed questionnaires before and after viewing the DVD as well as 2 and 4 weeks later. Sample: 79 African American females and 88 Caucasian females participated. Measurements: Perceptions of the DVDs, HIV/STD risk, intentions to use condoms, and number of condoms purchased after viewing the videos were assessed. Results: The intervention was effective in increasing intentions to use condoms with a current partner across the follow-up periods. There was no effect of race of communicator on any variable for African American or Caucasians. Conclusions: While communicator's race did not affect this intervention, more research is necessary. Future studies should use multiple Black and White communicators to isolate the role of race and should be conducted where larger samples of African American college students can be recruited.
A neurobiophysical interpretation of certain aspects of the problem of risks

A situation is considered in which an individual is given an opportunity to risk a certain amount of money or goods in order to gain a larger amount, providing the result of some uncertain event proves favorable. A neural mechanism is introduced in which the probability of success can be ordered according to its value. The response to a situation thus becomes dependent upon the probability. An expression is then derived for the amount that would be risked in terms of the probability and of the amount that would be gained in the event of a successful outcome. Similar expressions are obtained for the case of insurance against loss. Results of questionnaires indicate that individuals can be classified according to their pattern of behavior in the situation considered. The various types can be most easily recognized when a plot is made of the relative amount risked against the probability of success. In a general way, these types can be understood in terms of the equations derived.
Mitochondrial division: New partners in membrane pinching.

Abstract Mitochondrial division is a complex process requiring the synergistic actions of multiple factors, including mechanical enzymes and accessory proteins. Recent studies have identified a number of these factors and started to elucidate how they act together to bring about mitochondial fission.
Fate of recommendations for children with school-related problems following interdisciplinary evaluation.

Despite increasing interest in interdisciplinary programs for children with school problems, data are not available to evaluate their effectiveness. Furthermore, no studies have been found that evaluate the extent to which recommedations made by medical groups are utilized by the schools; in this study this basic step is evaluated. Seventy-three per cent of recommendations to schools were implemented; utilization of multiple channels of communication was associated with greater implementation. Recommendations to parents were implemented 69 per cent of the time. The sole factor associated with increased implementation of pediatric recommendations was the relevance of the recomendations to the child's learning problem.
Electron Crystallography of Membrane Proteins

The technical capabilities of electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy have recently been advanced to the point that three-dimensional density maps can be obtained at sufficiently high resolution to allow an interpretation in terms of the structure at atomic resolution. The high scattering intensity of electrons compared to x-rays results in the fact that two-dimensional crystals, one molecule thick, are ideal specimens for electron crystallography. In the event that large, well ordered, three-dimensional crystals cannot be obtained, which are required for x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction now represents a practical alternative for high resolution structure analysis. The conditions needed to obtain two-dimensional crystals are, in general, very different from those which can produce three-dimensional crystals. As a result, attempts to obtain two-dimensional crystals complement the more traditional approach, which would be to obtain crystals for x-ray crystallography.
High Resolution Beam Profile Monitors in the SLC

In the SLC linac, low emittance beams with typical transverse dimensions less than 0.2 mm must be accelerated without effective emittance growth. In order to monitor this we have installed a high resolution beam profile monitor system which consists of an aluminum target covered with a fine-grained phosphor, a magnifying optical system, a television camera and video signal recording electronics. The image formed when the beam strikes the phosphor screen is viewed on a CRT monitor at the console and selected horizontal and vertical slices of the beam spot intensity are recorded. A 20 MHz transient waveform recorder is used to sample and digitize the raw video signal along the selected slice. The beam width is determined by fitting the background subtracted data to a Gaussian. Beam spots less than 6 × 3 mm can be viewed. Beam spot sizes ?x,y < 80?m have been measured.
Soft -tissue abnormalities associated with treatment- resistant and treatment-responsive clubfoot: Findings of MRI analysis

Background: Clubfoot treatment commonly fails and often results in impaired quality of life. An understanding of the soft-tissue abnormalities associated with both treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant clubfoot is important to improving the diagnosis of clubfoot, the prognosis for patients, and treatment. Methods: Twenty patients with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method were recruited for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their lower extremities. Among these were seven patients (six unilateral cases) with treatment-responsive clubfoot and thirteen patients (five unilateral cases) with treatment-resistant clubfoot. Demographic information and physical examination findings were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the soft-tissue abnormalities was performed for both patient cohorts. For the patients with unilateral clubfoot, we calculated the percentage difference in cross-sectional area between the affected limb and the unaffected limb in terms of muscle, subcutaneous fat, intracompartment fat, and total area. With use of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, we compared inter-leg differences in cross-sectional areas and the intracompartment adiposity index (IAI) between treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant groups. The IAI characterizes the cross-sectional area of fat within a muscle compartment. Results: Extensive soft-tissue abnormalities were more present in patients with treatment-resistant clubfoot than in patients with treatment-responsive clubfoot. Treatment-resistant clubfoot abnormalities included excess epimysial fat and intramuscular fat replacement as well as unique patterns of hypoplasia in specific muscle groups that were present within a subset of patients. Among the unilateral cases, treatment-resistant clubfoot was associated with a significantly greater difference in muscle area between the affected and unaffected limb (−47.8%) compared with treatment-responsive clubfoot (−26.6%) (p = 0.02), a significantly greater difference in intracompartment fat area between the affected and unaffected limb (402.6%) compared with treatment-responsive clubfoot (9%) (p = 0.01), and a corresponding higher inter-leg IAI ratio (8.7) compared with treatment-responsive clubfoot (1.5) (p = 0.01). Conclusions: MRI demonstrated a range of soft-tissue abnormalities in patients, including unique patterns of specific muscle-compartment aplasia/hypoplasia that were present in patients with treatment-resistant clubfoot and not present in patients with treatment-responsive clubfoot. Correlations between MRI, physical examination, and treatment responsiveness may aid in the development of a prognostic classification system for clubfoot. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees

The genetic divergence time between two species varies substantially across the genome, conveying important information about the timing and process of speciation. Here we develop a framework for studying this variation and apply it to about 20 million base pairs of aligned sequence from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and more distantly related primates. Human-chimpanzee genetic divergence varies from less than 84% to more than 147% of the average, a range of more than 4 million years. Our analysis also shows that human-chimpanzee speciation occurred less than 6.3 million years ago and probably more recently, conflicting with some interpretations of ancient fossils. Most strikingly, chromosome X shows an extremely young genetic divergence time, close to the genome minimum along nearly its entire length. These unexpected features would be explained if the human and chimpanzee lineages initially diverged, then later exchanged genes before separating permanently.
DNA cloning in Streptomyces: a bifunctional replicon comprising pBR322 inserted into a Streptomyces phage

The Gram-positive, mycelial, differentiating streptomycetes are responsible for the production of many important antibiotics. The availability of gene cloning systems in this microbial group would have many industrial applications1 besides allowing more penetrating study of the genetics of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (which, as the best understood streptomycete genetically, serves as a model for much other Streptomyces genetics)2. Recent successes3,4 (see previous paper4) in introducing Streptomyces DNA into S. coelicolor and Streptomyces lividans on plasmid vectors would be nicely complemented by the availability of Streptomyces bacteriophage vectors (discussed in ref. 5): for example, many phages have wide and easily defined host ranges; heat-inducible prophages might be used to give high copy number of cloned DNA; efficient phage promoters might be used to increase gene expression; there may be differential stabilities for particular DNA sequences cloned in plasmids vis-a-vis phages; selective insertion of DNA, utilizing packaging constraints, may be possible with phages; and in situ hybridization6 of radioactive probes to DNA in plaques is likely to be simple. We describe here the use of the moderately wide host range temperate phage, ΦC317, for this purpose.
SASPRO II—A spare and server provisioning model

Abstract SASPRO II is a versatile FORTRAN package designed to determine the level of spares inventory and number of repair channels necessary to provide a guaranteed service level at minimum cost for a population of stochastically failing, but completely repairable, items. The problem environment is first discussed, the program options are explained, the analytical models are developed, and sample runs are provided.
A regression exercise: predicting final course grades from midterm results

ABSTRACT Teachers of introductory statistics courses often draw their audiences from a variety of disciplines. It then becomes a challenge to find exercises or projects that will be realistic on the one hand, and of interest to all regardless of their majors. We discuss a regression exercise that uses real-life data and has a proven interest for students in all disciplines. The exercise is at once simple yet sufficiently rich to demonstrate a number of the central concepts of regression analysis.
Purification of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Phycomyces blakesleanus.

Abstract Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase has been purified to homogeneity from the carotene-overproducing strain M1 of Phycomyces blakesleanus. Usually two activity peaks with molecular weights of 60,000 and 30,000 eluted on gel exclusion chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme consists of two subunits, with a tendency to dissociate. With homogeneous protein, a single-staining band with molecular weight of 30,000 appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, confirming a subunit molecular weight of 30,000. Only isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate were accepted by this enzyme for geranylgeranyl diphosphate formation. The smaller allylic compounds, dimethylallyl and geranyl diphosphate, were utilized at 1 20 th the rate of farnesyl diphosphate. Michaelis constants of 9 μ m for isopentenyl diphosphate and 60 μ m for farnesyl diphosphate were found. The isoelectric point is 4.8.
Optical and physical properties of wet-spun films of Na-hyaluronate. Evidence of a phase transition

The refractive indices, water content, and volume of wet-spun films of Na-hyaluronate have been measured as a function of relative humidity (rh). These data are used with the Lorentz-Lorenz formula to determine the optical polarizabilities of Na-hyaluronate parallel and perpendicular to the helical axis. The analysis reveals a drop in the optical polarizabilities of approximately 20% between 80 and 88% rh, indicating a phase transition.
Rapid and Robust Resampling-Based Multiple-Testing Correction with Application in a Genome-Wide Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Study

Genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have emerged as a powerful tool to understand the genetic basis of gene expression and complex traits. In a typical eQTL study, the huge number of genetic markers and expression traits and their complicated correlations present a challenging multiple-testing correction problem. The resampling-based test using permutation or bootstrap procedures is a standard approach to address the multiple-testing problem in eQTL studies. A brute force application of the resampling-based test to large-scale eQTL data sets is often computationally infeasible. Several computationally efficient methods have been proposed to calculate approximate resampling-based P-values. However, these methods rely on certain assumptions about the correlation structure of the genetic markers, which may not be valid for certain studies. We propose a novel algorithm, rapid and exact multiple testing correction by resampling (REM), to address this challenge. REM calculates the exact resampling-based P-values in a computationally efficient manner. The computational advantage of REM lies in its strategy of pruning the search space by skipping genetic markers whose upper bounds on test statistics are small. REM does not rely on any assumption about the correlation structure of the genetic markers. It can be applied to a variety of resampling-based multiple-testing correction methods including permutation and bootstrap methods. We evaluate REM on three eQTL data sets (yeast, inbred mouse, and human rare variants) and show that it achieves accurate resampling-based P-value estimation with much less computational cost than existing methods. The software is available at http://csbio.unc.edu/eQTL.
Gendering Truck Driving Songs: The Cultural Masculinization of an Occupation

Our analysis of more than a thousand songs about truck driving uncovers how cultural discourse defines an occupation as inherently for men. First, trucker songs essentialize the work as most suited for men by depicting male truckers as born to drive, and whose innate need to drive big rigs often resembles an addiction. Second, the songs imbue the occupation with masculine valor by glorifying instances of male truckers as overcoming the dangers of the road or falling prey to tragic martyrdom. In contrast, songs construct women truckers as mis-nurtured gender deviants whose ability to operate tractor-trailers is surprising given their sex category. Our analysis contributes to understanding the importance of culture in reinforcing occupational sex segregation and how cultural representations create and anchor gendered meanings to occupations.
Mechanisms of boron tolerance and accumulation in plants: a physiological comparison of the extremely boron-tolerant plant species, Puccinellia distans, with the moderately boron-tolerant Gypsophila arrostil.

The physiological characteristics of the extremely boron (B)-tolerant plant species, Puccinellia distans, were compared with those of the moderately tolerant Gypsophila arrostil, two species collec...
Analysis of finite length acoustic echo cancellation system

Abstract The acoustic echo canceler using an adaptive transversal filter and the least mean-square (LMS) algorithm is the most effective technique to reduce acoustic echoes in a hands-free telephone system. However, the requirement of a very high order filter for each microphone results in difficulties in convergence and hardware implementation. In this paper, the performance of the finite length adaptive filter is studied. A formula which relates the echo cancellation to the filter size, N , is established. Detailed analysis shows that this finite filter length will have better performance using speech than white noise.
The First NATO Advanced Study Institute on Thermodynamic Optimization (Neptun, Romania, 1998)

Abstract The first ever NATO Advanced Study Institute devoted to `Thermodynamics and the Optimization of Complex Energy Systems' was held in July 1998 in Neptun, Romania. The ASI unified the field by bringing together leading researchers from engineering and physics, and from West and East. This note outlines the objectives and proceedings of the Institute, which reviewed the most recent advances in exergy analysis, entropy-generation minimization and thermoeconomics. Directions for future developments (e.g. constructal theory) are also outlined.
Behaviour of power leads for superconducting magnets

Abstract In this paper we have attempted to gather together much of the information required by the designer of dc superconducting magnets. The new aspects of this work are: more information concerning performance of leads operating away from optimum conditions; comparisons of ideal cooling and a more realistic model for gas cooling; properties of gas-cooled leads on loss of coolant.
Glucocorticoids increase osmotic water permeability (Pf) of neonatal rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles

During postnatal maturation, there is an increase in renal brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) osmotic water permeability and a parallel increase in aquaporin-1 (AQP1) protein abundance. The mecha...
Economic impact of adopting a healthy diet in Canada

Aim The study estimates the macroeconomic impacts of recent healthy diet guidelines announced by the Health Canada.
Mixed-stock Inconnu Stenodus leucichthys habitat use in an Arctic estuarine delta complex

Inconnu Stenodus leucichthys is a large, long-lived piscivorous whitefish found in the Arctic and subarctic waters of Alaska. In the Kotzebue region of northwestern Alaska, Inconnu is one of the most important fishes harvested for subsistence purposes. With ongoing climate change, it is important to understand how a changing environment will affect Inconnu habitat use. This study described the habitat use of Inconnu in the Hotham Inlet/Selawik Lake complex from 2010 to 2012. Data collection consisted of surgically implanting acoustic telemetry tags in 80 fish from both rivers in 2010 and 2011 (n = 320), and deploying a fixed array of 20 Vemco VR2W acoustic receiving stations affixed with archival tags throughout the study area. Inconnu were detected at water temperatures and salinities ranging from −1.39 to 23.51 °C and 0 to 31.3 psu, respectively, and there was no detection of stock-specific or temporal trends in habitat use. Fish occupied colder water temperatures (−0.5 to 0.5 °C) during winter and primarily occupied the upper (15 °C) and lower (0 °C) ends of the temperature spectrum during summer. Although Inconnu occupied the entire range of salinities available during summer and winter months, they generally occupied waters of 5 to 20 psu. By providing a more thorough account of Inconnu habitat use, our results contribute baseline data for future comparisons to evaluate effects from climate-induced changes to Inconnu sustainability.
Microelectrodes in the examination of anodic and cathodic limit reactions of an ambient temperature molten salt

Abstract Tungsten microelectrodes of 25 μ radius have been employed to examine the cathodic and anodic limits of the 0.8:1.0 AlCl3 + ImCl ambient temperature molten salt, where ImCl is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Staircase cyclic voltammetric scans were performed well beyond the normal electrochemical potential limits. In the cathodic region, reduction of Im+ was seen clearly at −2.3 V, and another unknown reduction process at −5.5 V was also observed. In the anodic region, oxidation of both Cl− at 1.3 V and AlCl−4 at 3.0 V were observed. From normal pulse voltammetry, diffusion coefficients for Im+ and Cl− were determined to be (1.02 ± 0.03) × 10−7 cm2/s and (6.1 ± 0.3) × 10−7 cm2/s, respectively.
Structure and Function in Rhodopsin: Effects of Disulfide Cross-Links in the Cytoplasmic Face of Rhodopsin on Transducin Activation and Phosphorylation by Rhodopsin Kinase†,‡

Six rhodopsin mutants containing disulfide cross-links between different cytoplasmic regions were prepared: disulfide bond 1, between Cys65 (interhelical loop I−II) and Cys316 (end of helix VII); ...
Lawnmower injuries in the United States: 1996 to 2004.

Study objective We update the epidemiology of lawnmower injuries, together with leading mechanisms of lawnmower injury in the United States, for the entire age range by using nationally representative data. Methods Data were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey 1996-2003 and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1996-2004. Results Individuals in the 60- to 69-year age group had the highest push mower injury incidence in 2004, whereas those in the 70 years and older age group had the highest riding mower injury incidence. Children younger than 15 years also had a substantial injury incidence. Individuals in the 15- to 19-year age group had the highest rate of hospitalizations caused by lawnmower injuries from 1996 through 2003, with 0.72 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 1.36). Debris from under the mower hitting a body part or entering the eye was the most common mechanism for lawnmower injury. The second most common mechanism of injury was nonspecific pain onset after the ordinary operation of the mower. Fracture of 1 or more phalanges of the foot was the most common diagnosis among lawnmower injury hospitalizations, with 34.4%, followed by traumatic amputation of the toe, with 32.4%. There is an increasing trend of lawnmower injuries in the United States during the last 9 years. Conclusion Lawnmower injuries increase with age, with peaks in persons older than 59 years. Given the high incidence of projectile-related injuries, improved protective apparel and eyewear could lower the rate of injury for all age groups. The increasing trend of lawnmower injuries in the United States suggests that more must be done to prevent lawnmower injuries.
Distributional implications of macroeconomic policy: Theory and applications to El Salvador

Abstract This article offers a theoretical framework for designing macroeconomic strategy for El Salvador that will both respect stabilization and structural adjustment needs and enhance social equity. After outlining the largely negative distributional implications of the orthodox policies followed by El Salvador in recent years, we argue that stabilization and efficiency could actually be improved by increased equity and sketch out the elements of an alternative approach that would be distributionally sensitive and thereby help consolidate the peace.
Architecture and its Documents

(2005). Architecture and its Documents. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 47-50.
Reliability of Linear Programming Software: An Experience with the IBM Mathematical Programming System Series: Comment

In the February 1984 issue of this journal, Tice and Kletke raise some serious reliability questions regarding IBM's linear programming software. In their study, they formulated a farm planning model which contained 260 constraints and 830 activities. Upon solving this model repeatedly with IBM's MPSX series, they obtained different objective function values for each run and recommend that users of IBM's MPSX linear programming system should consider alternative linear programming software in solving their programming models. Further support of their recommendation is given as follows (as noted in their paper): "During discussions with IBM representatives, the statement was made that there was perhaps an incompatibility between the architecture of the computer system used and the way the software was set up to interface with it. This would occur specifically when the software determined inversion times. However, subsequent runs made without user control of inversion time did not appear to substantiate this statement." Inasmuch as an uncountable number of agricultural research models require the use of reliable linear programming software, a further investigation of the claims presented by Tice and Kletke is more than justified. In this spirit, upon obtaining Tice and Kletke's model from Oklahoma State University, several computer runs on an AS6 computer at Iowa State University were conducted, and the findings of these runs are discussed in this note. Initially, the structure of Tice and Kletke's model was examined and is described in the following section.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with confirmed shoulder pathology.

Objective— To evaluate the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with a reference standard, arthroscopic and/or open surgery, in dogs with soft tissue shoulder pathology. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs (n=21). Methods— Magnetic resonance (MR) images were retrospectively evaluated in 21 dogs that had surgically identified soft tissue shoulder pathology. The musculotendinous units of the biceps, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus, subscapularis, and the medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments (MGHL and LGHL) were graded as either normal or abnormal. Abnormal structures were further classified as being either inflamed, partially torn, or fully torn. Impingement of the biceps tendon was also evaluated. Results were reported in terms of agreement and concordance between MRI findings and surgical findings. Agreement was defined as the percentage of times MRI findings concurred with surgical findings with respect to a structure being either normal or abnormal. Concordance was defined as the percentage of times MRI concurred with the exact surgically assessed pathology when abnormality was identified. Results— The findings were biceps tendon: 90% agreement with 100% concordance; subscapularis: 95% agreement with 62% concordance; MGHL: 84% agreement with 83% concordance; LGHL: 88% agreement with 100% concordance; infraspinatus: 100% both agreement and concordance; biceps tendon impingement: 90% agreement with 100% concordance. Conclusions— Soft tissue abnormalities of the canine shoulder were readily identified on preoperative MR images. Clinical Relevance— MRI shows great potential as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of canine shoulder disease.
Effects of pi NN form factor on pionic contributions to u-bar(x)-d-bar(x) distribution in the nucleon.

Effects of the cutoff parameter in \ensuremath{\pi}NN and \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\Delta} vertices on pionic contributions to u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(x)-d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(x) in the nucleon and the Gottfried sum rule are investigated. A typical pionic contribution to the deviation from the Gottfried sum rule is found around -0.04 (about 50% of the discrepancy found by the New Muon Collaboration) for the dipole cutoff parameter ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\sim}1 GeV. This negative contribution is due to an excess of d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} over u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} in ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$ and it is (partly) canceled by a positive contribution due to an excess of u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} over d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} in an extra ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ in the \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\Delta} process. We find that the cancellation is significant especially for the large cutoff (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{2}$=1.2--2.0 GeV); thus, the distribution u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}-d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} is less sensitive to the cutoff parameter than an SU(3${)}_{\mathit{f}}$-breaking distribution (u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}+d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{})/2-s\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}. For the same reason, it is very important to include the \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\Delta} process in addition to the \ensuremath{\pi}NN process. Pionic contributions to u\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(x)-u(x), d(x)-d\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(x), and d(x)-u(x) distributions in the nucleon are also discussed. Because pionic contributions produce an asymmetric sea, (${\mathit{u}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\ne}u${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{s}}$${)}_{\mathrm{pionic}}$ and (${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\ne}d${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{s}}$${)}_{\mathrm{pionic}}$, we must be careful in discussing valence- and sea-quark distributions in the nucleon.
Was there a nineteenth century welfare magnet in the United States?: Preliminary results from New York City and Brooklyn

Abstract This paper examines the inter-jurisdictional migration effects of a very specific and localized shock to the distribution of outdoor poor relief (a precursor to the current welfare system) during the late nineteenth century. In 1878, the city of Brooklyn decided to eliminate all outdoor relief payments leaving only the highly undesirable option of entering the poor house. One option for poor Brooklyn residents was to travel to nearby New York City (at this time still different cities) and claim outdoor relief payments. The results of this early natural experiment suggest that the welfare magnet was not operating in the sense that there is little evidence to suggest that Brooklyn residents migrated to New York City to claim public outdoor relief.
Comparing Market Areas Using Kernel Density Estimation

From a managers’ point of view it is useful to know whether or not a market area has changed over time, and whether two market areas are different. In this paper we propose, using the kernel density estimation method, to estimate the density of a market area and show how the estimated market area densities may be compared for differences using Bayesian cross-validated likelihood methods. The proposed methodology is highlighted using two applications. One application involves comparison of lunch and dinner markets of a restaurant and the other application involves identifying the optimal area for a direct mail program.