cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted radionuclide therapy for solid tumors: An overview

Although radioimmunotherapy (RIT) has been effective in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as a single agent, solid tumors have shown less clinically significant therapeutic response to RIT alone. The clinical impact of RIT or other forms of targeted radionuclide therapy for solid tumors depends on the development of a high therapeutic index (TI) for the tumor vs. normal tissue effect, and the implementation of RIT as part of synergistic combined modality therapy (CMRIT). Preclinical and clinical studies have provided a wealth of information, and new prototypes or paradigms have shed light on future possibilities in many instances. Evidence suggests that combination and sequencing of RIT in CMRIT appropriately can provide effective treatment for many solid tumors. Vascular targets provide RIT enhancement opportunities and nanoparticles may prove to be effective carriers for RIT combined with intracellular drug delivery or alternating magnetic frequency (AMF) induced thermal tumor necrosis. The sequence and timing of combined modality treatments will be of critical importance to achieve synergy for therapy while minimizing toxicity. Fortunately, the radionuclide used for RIT also provides a signal useful for nondestructive quantitation of the influence of sequence and timing of CMRIT on events in animals and patients. This can be readily accomplished clinically using quantitative high-resolution imaging (e.g., positron emission tomography [PET]).
The role of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in thermal sensation and pain.

Abstract The functional behavior of slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors under combined thermal—mechanical stimulation was investigated by singleunit recordings from the lumbar dorsal roots of the cat. Increased sensitivity to bimodal stimulation was observed in 24 of the 28 units studied, employing stimulus—response functional behavior as the basis for judgment. Low-threshold receptors generally did not exhibit increased spontaneous firing as accompaniment to heightened sensitivity, while such enhanced basal activity was usually observed in moderate-threshold units in addition to increased reactivity. Information theory calculations performed on these stimulus—response data revealed that 15 of the 24 ‘heat-sensitive’ receptors were additionally characterized by an enhanced ability to transmit neural information under bimodal stimulation. These results were interpreted as supporting pattern theories of pain as opposed to the concept of receptor specificity. No contradiction was observed, however, between the present results and those of other investigators. The present conclusions derive from new criteria for thermal reactivity based upon innovative stimulus conditions.
Expanding the Catalytic Activity of Nucleophilic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Transesterification Reactions

[reaction: see text] Currently, there is a renewed interest in reactions that are catalyzed by organic compounds. Typical organic catalysts for acylation or transesterification reactions are based on either nucleophilic tertiary amines or phosphines. This communication discusses the use of nucleophilic N-heterocyclic carbenes as efficient transesterification catalysts. These relatively unexplored and highly versatile organic catalysts were found to be mild, selective, and more active than traditional organic nucleophiles.
Arginine vasopressin transport and metabolism in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transepithelial transport and metabolism of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva, both in the absence and presence of protease inhibitors. The apparent permeability coefficient, P app , for 3 H-AVP was determined in the modified Ussing chamber, and AVP metabolites were monitored by reversed phase HPLC using a C 18 column. At 50 nM donor 3 H-AVP, the P app in the mucosal-to-serosal (ms) direction was about five times higher than that in the opposite direction. Excess (0.1 mM) AVP decreased the P app for labelled AVP in the mucosal-to-serosal (ms) direction by about 50%. However, intact AVP transport showed neither concentration nor direction dependence. HPLC analysis revealed two subspecies of 3 H-AVP in the receiver fluid and virtually no degradation products in the donor fluid following 3 h flux experiments. 3 H-AVP transported in the ms direction underwent extensive hydrolysis (73%), which was decreased by 33% with mucosal application of 2 mM camostat mesylate (an aminopeptidase inhibitor) or by 27% with 0.5 mM leupeptin (a serine protease inhibitor). By contrast, 3 H-AVP transported in the serosal-to-mucosal (sm) direction resulted in only 37% hydrolysis, and mucosal application of either inhibitor did not significantly affect the P app for intact AVP. These data suggest that intact AVP transport in the conjunctiva may be mediated mostly by passive diffusion and enzymatic degradation of AVP may be mediated by proteolytic enzymes present on the mucosal side of the conjunctiva.
Mesoanalysis of the Big Thompson Storm

Abstract Mesoscale analyses and descriptions of meteorological conditions that produced the devastating dash flood in the Big Thompson Canyon on 31 July 1976 are presented. The storm developed when strong low-level easterly winds to the rear of a polar front pushed a moist, conditionally unstable air mass upslope into the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The main thrust of the moisture flux focused initially into the Big Thompson area. Orographic uplift released the convective instability, and light south-southeasterly winds at steering levels allowed the storm complex to remain nearly stationary over the foothills. Heavy rains fell within the storm along a narrow corridor only 5 km wide oriented north-northeast by south-southwest. Minimal entrainment of relatively moist air at middle and upper levels, very low cloud bases and a slightly tilted, updraft structure contributed to a high precipitation efficiency. A deep warm layer of convective cloud fostered precipitation growth through warm cloud proces...
Despite limited data, coexistent lobular carcinoma in situ should not be a contraindication to breast conservation for women with invasive breast carcinoma.

See reply to counterpoint on pages 982–3 andreferenced original article on pages 1072–7, thisissue.Address for reprints: Harry D. Bear, M.D., Ph.D.,Division of Surgical Oncology, and the MasseyCancer Center, Medical College of Virginia, VirginiaCommonwealth University, Box 980011, Rich-mond, VA, 23298-011.Received September 17, 1999; accepted Novem-ber 17, 1999.
Yttrium hole-barrier contacts for germanium semiconductor detectors

Abstract Sputtered yttrium metal forms a thin hole-barrier contact on both p- and n-type germanium semiconductor detectors. Yttrium contacts can provide a sufficiently high hole barrier to prevent measurable contact leakage current below ∼120 K. Detectors having yttrium contacts produce good gamma-ray spectroscopy data.
EXP: a Macintosh program for automating data acquisition and analysis applied to neurophysiolgy

Abstract EXP is a Macintosh program for doing quantitative neurophysiology. It supports signal design, simultaneous signal output and data collection, spike sorting, histogram production, and many other analysis features. The hierarchical structure used to design protocols provides a straighforward method for designing complex experiments. The degree of automation supported by the program makes it possible to perform large-scale experiments and to collect and analyze large quantities of data in a reasonable amount of time. It has been used successfully in a large number of experimental paradigms by several different researchers. EXP is one of several cooperative programs designed to help perform neurophysiological experiments. These programs can be used in tandem not only to collect and analyze data but to help interpret and present results as well. The programs contain mechanisms to encourage re-analysis or ‘virtual experiments’ on data collected previously by oneself or other researchers.
A new array signal processing method via exploitation of cyclostationarity

The authors consider the problem of direction finding of radar or sonar communication signals based on the data received by sensor arrays. Most communication (modulated) signals exhibit cyclostationarity corresponding to the underlying periodicity which may be carrier frequency or baud rate. By exploiting cyclostationarity, one can significantly improve the signal detection capability, i.e. null out other co-channel interferences and stationary background noise. They propose a new approach for array signal processing via exploitation of cyclostationarity, which is asymptotically exact for either narrow-band or broad-band sources. Moreover, the new technique has implementation advantages over the existing techniques. The simulation results indicate a significantly better performance than that of the prior algorithms. >
Investigation of end cracking and its prevention by a double reduction die in the cold extrusion of automotive parts

End cracking failures occur randomly during cold extrusion of automotive shafts or sometimes even during service. Finite element analysis of this failure shows that cracking is primarily due to a combination of damage during cold deformation and tensile unloading at the exit of the die land. This paper proposes a failure mechanism and a stress-based failure criterion for this cracking. It analyses the original single die design and investigates a double reduction die design, which was patented for the extrusion of brittle materials. It is seen that while the double reduction die reduces end cracking, it increases the probability of chevron cracks at the part centre. Finally, a design of experiments technique is used for determining the optimum die design parameters for the minimum tensile stress state both at the surface and at the billet centre. Production validation experiments confirm the efficacy of the optimal die design in suppressing the initiation of end cracks without the need for special billet shearing or annealing procedures.
Three approaches to the study of infant temperament.

Abstract In temperament research, the sensitive quantification of individual differences is critical, and biases affecting temperament measures differ somewhat from those affecting normative studies of development. In this paper, we attempt to specify major biases and strengths of the three methods most widely used in the assessment of infant temperament: parent report, home observation, and laboratory observation. We also describe an ongoing research program in order to illustrate how potential biases may be negotiated. We conclude that choice of temperament measure or measures depends upon (a) the purpose of the assessment, (b) knowledge of empirical relations among methods, and (c) evaluations of the seriousness of potential measurement biases.
Nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings for hard particle erosion resistance

Abstract This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of titanium chromium nitride ((Ti,Cr)N) thin films deposited onto AM355 stainless steel by multi-source cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (PVD) for improved erosion resistance. The effect of Cr evaporator current and substrate bias on the erosion resistance of the (Ti,Cr)N coating were investigated. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scratch adhesion testing and erosion testing. The (Ti,Cr)N coatings deposited using multisource mode were determined to be nanolayered structures consisting of TiN rich and CrN rich layers. EPMA showed that the atomic percentage of Cr within the coating increased (increased Cr:Ti ratio) with increasing Cr evaporator current and that the (Ti,Cr)N chemical composition did not appear to change with varying bias. Using XRD and STEM, it was determined that all nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings were multi-phased consisting of a B1 NaCl crystal structure. XRD also revealed that as the Cr evaporator current was increased, there was an increase in the CrN phase volume. Macroparticle incorporation increased with an increase in Cr evaporator current and decreased with an increase in bias. The nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings ranged in Vickers hardness from 1700 to 2800 VHN 0.050 . Coating adhesion increased as Cr:Ti ratio increased. In regards to erosion, (Ti,Cr)N coatings with a high number of TiN/CrN interfaces performed poorly against alumina media. As the Cr evaporator current was varied, the coating deposited with the highest Cr:Ti ratio (evaporator current of 85 A) and when bias was varied, the lowest substrate bias of - 50 V had the best erosion performance.
Changes in lipid metabolism and plasma concentrations of thyroxine, cortisol, and somatostatin in land-locked chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, during smoltification

Abstract A land-locked strain of chinook salmon was used to discriminate seawater preadaptive aspects of smoltification from development-associated aspects of smoltification. Liver total lipid and lipid class composition, as well as plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T 4 ), cortisol, and somatostatin-25 (sSS-25), the predominant form of somatostatin in the pancreas and plasma of salmonids, were measured in age 0 + and 1 + freshwater land-locked fall chinook salmon between March and May 1990. Liver total lipids in age 0 + fish displayed extensive seasonal fluctuation, cycling from high levels to low levels several times over the course of the sampling period. Springtime-associated changes in total lipids were primarily due to diminution of triacylglycerols. Plasma T 4 titers in the age 0 + fish also showed substantial seasonal variation with multiple peaks noted over the course of the sampling period. Changes in plasma T 4 were highly correlated with liver total lipid; seasonal high plasma T 4 levels were observed at the time of maximum lipid depletion. In age 1 + fish, plasma T 4 displayed a single peak in coincidence with elevated plasma cortisol levels. Plasma sSS-25 levels in age 1 + fish, measured during smoltification for the first time, also displayed seasonal variation; levels underwent changes generally opposite to those of T 4 in early spring. Dramatic increases in plasma T 4 were displayed by both age classes of fish when transferred from spring-fed hatchery water to lake water. Our results suggest that land-locked chinook salmon may experience multiple parr-smolt episodes during freshwater development and that springtime-associated and thyroid hormone-correlated lipid depletion occurs in the absence of the fish's exposure to seawater.
Glucuronide formation in the transport of testosterone and androstenedione by rat intestine

Abstract Incubation of [4-14C]testosterone or δ4-androstene-3,17-dione with everted sacs of rat intestine resulted in the net transport of radioactivity to the serosal media. At the end of a 3-h incubation, both the mucosal and serosal media were found to contain radioactivity in compounds with the chromatographic proporties of testosterone, α4-androstene-3,17-dione, androstane-3,17-dione, androsterone, androstarone-3α,17β-diol. Androstane-3α,17β-diol was primarily present in the serosal media as a glucuronide conjugate. This steroid was the only one thus conjugated. Accumulation of this glucuronide conjugate of androstane-3α,17β-diol in the serosal media was responsible for the net transfer of radioactivity across the gut wall.
Nondestructive photon analysis of241Am in soils and sediment utilizing slef-absorption corrections

A direct nondestructive method of analysis for241Am utilizing photon counting and self-absorption correction factors is presented. The method gives favorable agreement for samples analyzed by radiochemical separation procedures and alpha particle spectrometry. The comparison was made over a range of approximately five orders of magnitude of241Am concentrations. The method is reliable and relatively simple. Sensitivity for a ∼5-g sample and a counting intervals of 60 000 s is ∼0.2 pCi/g with an uncertainty of ±22%, which decreases to ±11% for increased counting intervals of 150 000 s and an increased sample size of ∼20 g.
Cryogenic mass spectrometry of reactive fluorine-containing species I. The mass spectra of sulfur hexafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, chlorine monofluoride, nitrosyl fluoride and tetrafluorohydrazine

Abstract A cryogenic inlet and reactor system for use with a Hitachi-Perkin-Elmer RMU-6E mass spectrometer has been designed and constructed for the study of reactive fluorine-containing compounds and species which are stable only at sub-ambient temperatures. The mass spectra of sulfur hexafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, and tetrafluorohydrozine obtained using this apparatus were compared with previously reported spectra and found to be satisfactory. Because of the reduced inlet temperatures, the higher mass fragments were found to be of more importance than in the reported spectra. Mass spectra of chlorine monofluoride and nitrosyl fluoride were also obtained. Mass spectra of these compounds have not been previously reported. The appearance potentials of NO + from FNO and NO were found to be 11.6±0.2 eV and 9.25±0.15 eV, respectively. The NF bond energy in FNO was found to be in agreement with the thermochemical values reported in the literature.
Studies of human locomotion: past, present and future.

Abstract The study of human locomotion and its applications are examined from a historical viewpoint. Several critical steps in the advancement of the discipline are considered in the context of addressing a particular need to answer fundamental questions regarding the process of human locomotion. In addition, changes in the methods of observation are discussed in terms of the advancement of the field. As an example, the application of a newly developed point cluster technique to reduce the artifact due to skin movement is described. The method was applied to a study of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. The results demonstrate that patients with ACL-deficient knees have significantly greater than normal anterior–posterior displacement of the femur relative to the tibia during walking. Many of the advancements in the tools for observation and interpretation have been driven by new demands on our fundamental knowledge. Future advancements in the study of human locomotion will likely be motivated by new treatment modalities that require an in depth understanding of the subtle complexities of human locomotion. Future directions are discussed in the context of new methods for reducing errors associated with skin movement combined with information obtained from other imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging.
Wavelet filtering of sodar reflectivity signals

A wavelet‐based technique is described for the processing of sodar signals. A two‐stage wavelet filtering process is used to emulate a matched‐filter receiver to optimize signal detectability. The process compresses the data required to produce accurate facsimile records by a factor of 256.
Erratum to “Coincidence of function space topologies” [Topology Appl. 157 (2) (2010) 336–351]

Abstract We show that an alleged theorem stated in a previous article by the author is invalid for general topological spaces, by giving a counter-example. We show that the statement of the claimed theorem is valid for regular spaces.
Prolonged Extracorporeal Support for ARDS Using Surface-Heparinized Equipment

Severely ill ARDS patients present major supportive challenges when conventional ventilatory support is failing. A patient is described who was treated with venovenous extracorporeal lung support for 28 days, using surface-heparinized circuitry. Her recovery illustrates the potential for salvage of near-terminal ARDS patients when complications of support can be minimized.
Hospice Care: A New Opportunity for Pharmacists

Hospices are programs of care for patients who have advanced, irreversible diseases and life expectancies that are measurable in weeks and months as opposed to years. The first hospice in the Unite...
Low-Energy Neutron Energy Spectra from ( p , n ) Reactions

Coincidence experiments indicate that ($p,np$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{90}$ and ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{112}$ leave the residual nuclei in their ground states, whence neutron spectra can be deduced from measurements of proton spectra. Results are very different for the two nuclei. Analysis indicates that the variation of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{i}$-the cross section for the inverse process-is larger than expected and in opposite directions for the two nuclei.
Photosensitized conversion of 9,10-deoxytridachione to photodeoxytridachione.

The photochemical conversion of 9,10-deoxytridachione to photodeoxytridachione has been photosensitized. The conversion was also quenched by piperylene. Photodeoxytridachione was produced in good yields under conditions in which only the cyclohexadiene group is sensitized. The results show that some, and perhaps all, of the photoreactions of 9,10-deoxytridachione occur through a triplet excited state. The mechanistic and biosynthetic implications of these results are discussed.
Effects of surface treatment and thinning on magnetic properties of rapidly quenched amorphous alloy ribbons

The magnetization curves and hysteresis loops of rapidly quenched transition‐metal–glass‐former amorphous ribbons of various compositions were measured as they were chemically thinned, down to about 10% of their original thickness. The specific saturation moment did not change showing that the ribbons are chemically homogeneous through their thickness. In general, the approach to saturation of as‐cast ribbons remained remarkably constant. Although annealing experiments indicate that the approach to saturation is controlled by stresses, they are not distributed in such a way that they are affected by thinning of the sample. The coercive force initially changed rapidly, either up or down, with decreasing thickness, then increased linearly with reciprocal thickness. The results can be simply interpreted in terms of surface and volume pinning.
A generalized Newton algorithm for quantile regression models

This paper formulates the quadratic penalty function for the dual problem of the linear programming associated with the \(L_1\) constrained linear quantile regression model. We prove that the solution of the original linear programming can be obtained by minimizing the quadratic penalty function, with the formulas derived. The obtained quadratic penalty function has no constraint, thus could be minimized efficiently by a generalized Newton algorithm with Armijo step size. The resulting algorithm is easy to implement, without requiring any sophisticated optimization package other than a linear equation solver. The proposed approach can be generalized to the quantile regression model in reproducing kernel Hilbert space with slight modification. Extensive experiments on simulated data and real-world data show that, the proposed Newton quantile regression algorithms can achieve performance comparable to state-of-the-art.
Phenylephrine induces delayed cardioprotection against necrosis without amelioration of stunning.

Abstract Background . α-Adrenergic stimulation induces protection in reperfused ischemic (I/R) myocardium 24 hours later. We tested the hypothesis that phenylephrine improves dysfunction after global I/R by limiting cell death not stunning. Methods . Rabbits were pretreated with either phenylephrine or vehicle. Twenty-four hours later, isolated hearts underwent either 45 (infarction protocol) or 20 minutes (stunning protocol) of global ischemia before 2 hours of reperfusion (n = 6 per group). Cell death was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (infarction) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) (apoptosis). Results . Compared with vehicle, phenylephrine pretreatment improved post-I/R-developed pressures in hearts after infarction (53.2 ± 4.0 vs 35.8 ± 4.1 mm Hg, p = 0.01) but not stunning protocol (64.3 ± 8.9 vs 57.7 ± 6.2 mm Hg, p = NS). The improved developed pressure was due to better diastolic recovery. Systolic pressures were similar between groups. Phenylephrine markedly decreased infarction (9.0 ± 1.9% vs 40.8 ± 1.8% for vehicle, p Conclusions . Phenylephrine pretreatment 24 hours before global I/R improves function by limiting infarction but not stunning.
The presence of immunoglobulin D in endocrine disorders and diseases of immunoregulation, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) was determined by double diffusion in the serum from 26 patients with endocrine disorders and diseases of immune imbalance along with controls. IgD was detected in the serum of nine patients that included two with primary parathyroidism, one with insulin-resistant diabetes, four with immunodeficiencies, and two with Hodgkin's disease. IgD was absent in the serum of seven patients with the same diagnoses after treatment. IgD was present in the serum of the majority of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients (in eight of ten cases). The presence of IgD in the serum of these patients suggests that it plays a role in receptor-mediated events.
In Order to save the World for Human Habitation, We Must Stop Teaching Economics!

The discipline of economics has incorporated a model of the market called the neoclassical paradigm. This paradigm is based on 11 normative principles which define the culture of economics in capitalist societies. Teachers of economics are inculcating these norms in their students. Yet following these norms leads to undesirable and possibly catastrophic consequences, especially in the area of the environment; therefore, in order to save the world for human habitation, we must stop teaching economics! Unfortunately, for several reasons, the neoclassical normative paradigm in economics maintains a dominant position in the academy and in the world.
SELECTIVELY DIMINISHED CORPUS CALLOSUM FIBERS IN CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a condition associated with mutations in the PHOX2B gene, is characterized by loss of breathing drive during sleep, insensitivity to CO2 and O2, and multiple somatomotor, autonomic, neuropsychological, and ophthalmologic deficits, including impaired intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscle control. Brain structural studies show injury in peri-callosal regions and the corpus callosum (CC), which has the potential to affect functions disturbed in the syndrome; however, the extent of CC injury in CCHS is unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tractography procedures display fiber directional information and allow quantification of fiber integrity. We performed DTI in 13 CCHS children (age, 18.2±4.7 years; eight male) and 31 control (17.4±4.9 years; 18 male) subjects using a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner; CC fibers were assessed globally and regionally with tractography procedures, and fiber counts and densities compared between groups using analysis-of-covariance (covariates; age and sex). Global CC evaluation showed reduced fiber counts and densities in CCHS over control subjects (CCHS vs. controls; fiber-counts, 4490±854 vs. 5232±777, P<0.001; fiber-density, 10.0±1.5 vs. 10.8±0.9 fibers/mm2, P<0.020), and regional examination revealed that these changes are localized to callosal axons projecting to prefrontal (217±47 vs. 248±32, P<0.005), premotor (201±51 vs. 241±47, P<0.012), parietal (179±64 vs. 238±54, P<0.002), and occipital regions (363±46 vs. 431±82, P<0.004). Corpus callosum fibers in CCHS are compromised in motor, cognitive, speech, and ophthalmologic regulatory areas. The mechanisms of fiber injury are unclear, but may result from hypoxia or perfusion deficits accompanying the syndrome, or from consequences of PHOX2B action.
Migration, health, and environment in the desert southwest

The “immigrant health paradox” has captured the attention of researchers struggling to understand why immigrants to the United States appear to have health advantages that would not be predicted by their socioeconomic position. This research extends prior analyses through examination of the potential role of environmental factors in explaining the immigrant health paradox. We use data from the Phoenix Area Social Survey, a survey conducted in 2006 of approximately 800 individuals. Multilevel ordered logistic models examine three health outcomes: self-rated health, heat stress, and asthmatic symptoms. An innovation is our multiple considerations of contextual factors, including neighborhood amenities, disorder, traffic counts, and the heat index. We have three key findings: (1) frequent local migration has negative impacts on health, (2) the local neighborhood environment partially mediates differences between US-born non-Hispanic Whites and foreign-born Hispanics, and (3) subjective measures of the local environment tend to have greater effects than objective measures. In sum, our analyses suggested a need for studies of place and health to consider migration and residential history as a factor shaping health outcomes. Further, regarding the immigrant paradox, the results suggest the need to move beyond a dichotomous measure of immigration contrasting international migrants with native-born residents.
Miller moth asthma

The characteristics of the allergen producing asthma caused by inhaled miller moth particles were investigated by skin testing and by Sephadex fractionation. No major difference in skin test reactivity was found between the wings and the bodies of the moths. Two fractions of the moth extracts were found to contain allergic reactivity. The importance of detailed history-taking in order to discover such causes of asthma is stressed.
Three Degrees of Maternal Involvement in a Preschool Program: Impact on Mothers and Children.

RADIN, NORMA. Three Degrees of Maternal Involvement in a Preschool Program: Impact on Mothers and Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 1355-1364. 71 children in a compensatory preschool program were divided into 3 matched groups. 1 group was offered no maternal involvement; another, moderate involvement; and the third, intense involvement. At the end of the year no significant differences were found among the children in the 3 groups. Significant changes on parent measures were found only in groups with parent involvement. 1 year later, a follow-up study of 24 children revealed that the youngsters in the 2 groups with maternal involvement showed a significantly greater gain in Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test IQ during the kindergarten year than the children with no maternal involvement.
A single-period TE/sub 02/-TE/sub 01/ mode converter in a highly overmoded circular waveguide

A single-period 60 GHz TE/sub 02/-TE/sub 01/ mode converter for use in an electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system for magnetically confined plasmas is presented. The mode converter is very compact and has a broad bandwidth and a theoretical conversion efficiency of 97.6%. A method of computing the reflection from converters is presented and used to show that reflection from the single-period mode converter is minimal. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations. >
Adult ambulatory assistive devices: need for an improved design

The pairing of healthcare practitioners with engineers can produce products to revolutionise patient care. This paper discusses benefits of a novel-design ambulatory assistive device to promote gait efficiency and safety in adult individuals with balance disorders. Posterior-wheeled walkers are commonly used and reported in paediatric research literature to promote increased walking speed and decreased energy demand, when compared to anterior-wheeled walkers. Posterior walkers are not commonly utilised for adults in the USA, likely, due to limited commercial availability and problems with size and function of current designs. This paper reports a new equipment design for an adult posterior-wheeled walker with features that promote optimal skeletal alignment, allow normal stride length, and provide protection against backward and lateral falls, while reducing mechanical vibration within the device itself. Additional features enhance ease of storage, transport, and aesthetics.
The semiprimitivity problem for group algebras of locally finite groups

LetK[G] be the group algebra of a locally finite groupG over a fieldK of characteristicp>0. IfG has a locally subnormal subgroup of order divisible byp, then it is easy to see that the Jacobson radical ℑK[G] is not zero. Here, we come close to a complete converse by showing that ifG has no nonidentity locally subnormal subgroups, thenK[G] is semiprimitive. The proof of this theorem uses the much earlier semiprimitivity results on locally finite, locallyp-solvable groups, and the more recent results on locally finite, infinite simple groups. In addition, it uses the beautiful properties of finitary permutation groups.
Altered fractionation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy in definitive irradiation of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Objective To review the roles of altered fractionation and adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Study Design Review of the pertinent literature. Methods The literature pertaining to altered fractionation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck was reviewed to define the optimal combination of radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The efficacy of altered fractionation compared with conventional fractionation depends on the fractionation schedule employed. Some hyperfractionated and accelerated fractionation schedules have resulted in improved locoregional control but no significant improvement in overall survival. In contrast to induction and maintenance chemotherapy, concomitant chemotherapy appears to result in improved locoregional control and survival. Conclusions Altered fractionation and/or concomitant chemotherapy results in improved locoregional control and, in some instances, survival for patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Depending on primary site, the applicability of these aggressive treatment regimens is limited by an enhanced probability of severe complications as tumor volume increases. The optimal combination of these modalities is unclear and will be defined by future prospective trials.
Dynamics of the Lever-Arm Swing in Myosin V

Myosins utilize a conserved structural mechanism to convert the energy from ATP hydrolysis to a large swing in the force generating lever-arm. However, there remains an ongoing controversy about the kinetics of lever-arm swing in relation to the steps in the ATPase cycle. To address this question we have developed a novel FRET system in myosin V (MV) that utilizes several donor-acceptor pairs to examine the dynamics of lever arm motion. MV containing a single IQ motif and an N-terminal (NT) tetracysteine site was labeled with the bisarsenical dye FlAsH (MV.NT.FlAsH). The first IQ motif of MV.NT.FlAsH was exchanged either with IAANS labeled CaM, a donor, or QSY-9 labeled CaM, a non-fluorescent acceptor. Steady-state and transient kinetic experiments reveal a decrease in FRET upon ATP binding (recovery stroke) in both donor-acceptor pairs. We utilized transient kinetic experiments to demonstrate that upon mixing the MV.ADP.Pi complex with actin there was a FRET increase that occurred in two phases, and the fast and slow phases correlated well with the release rates of Pi and ADP, respectively. We also labeled the upper-50kDa tetracysteine site with FlAsH (MV.U50.FlAsH) and exchanged the QSY labeled CaM on to the first IQ motif. We observed structural changes during ATP binding that were very similar to the MV.NT.FlAsH results. During actin-activated product release we observed two-phases, a rapid increase in FRET followed by a slower decrease in FRET, which correlated well with ADP release. We find that the force generating motion of the lever arm occurs in two steps which are closely coupled to the product release steps. Our results also indicate that the conformational changes in the lever arm associated with the power stroke may follow a unique pathway that is not simply the reversal of the recovery stroke.
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER: JUST ANOTHER LABEL

The history behind the “attention deficit” label is outlined, the procedure currently used to classify children as having “attention deficits” is explained, and the instructional interventions most often recommended for children so labeled are described. I argue that this label, like other categorical labels, does not identify a poor reader's instructional needs and that research indicates the types of instructional interventions that do help poor readers, whatever their label. I recommend that when children experience difficulty learning to read, teachers should determine their reading levels, strengths, and needs; examine the reading instruction they are receiving; and make appropriate adjustments to their reading instruction. Only when the reading difficulties persist after appropriate adjustments are made should we look for disorders in the children.
Large-scale road safety programmes in low- and middle-income countries: An opportunity to generate evidence

The growing burden of road traffic injuries, which kill over 1.2 million people yearly, falls mostly on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, evidence generation on the effectiveness of road safety interventions in LMIC settings remains scarce. This paper explores a scientific approach for evaluating road safety programmes in LMICs and introduces such a road safety multi-country initiative, the Road Safety in 10 Countries Project (RS-10). By building on existing evaluation frameworks, we develop a scientific approach for evaluating large-scale road safety programmes in LMIC settings. This also draws on '13 lessons' of large-scale programme evaluation: defining the evaluation scope; selecting study sites; maintaining objectivity; developing an impact model; utilising multiple data sources; using multiple analytic techniques; maximising external validity; ensuring an appropriate time frame; the importance of flexibility and a stepwise approach; continuous monitoring; providing feedback to implementers, policy-makers; promoting the uptake of evaluation results; and understanding evaluation costs. The use of relatively new approaches for evaluation of real-world programmes allows for the production of relevant knowledge. The RS-10 project affords an important opportunity to scientifically test these approaches for a real-world, large-scale road safety evaluation and generate new knowledge for the field of road safety.
Treatment of gonorrheal vaginitis in childhood with estrogenic substances

Summary 1. In four cases of gonorrheal vaginitis treated with an ethyleneglycol solution of amniotin, there were two permanent cures and two recurrences. 2. With oily solutions of amniotin or of progynon-B administered intramuscularly twice weekly, conversion from the infantile to the adult type of vaginal mucosa was observed, and cures were obtained in all except two cases. 3. One patient treated with folliculin menformon daily for sixty daysfailed to respond to treatment. 4. No harmful effects as a result of injections were observed.
Advanced packaging of SiC power module for automotive applications

A novel packaging structure of a power module is developed, which integrates direct liquid cooling for power semiconductor devices through bonding of power stage and a unique cold base plate. By using this technology and combining the attributes of SiC power semiconductor switches, an advanced power module, featuring low power losses and high cooling efficiency, have been produced. Directly compared to a silicon (Si) counterparts and conventional packaging, the advantages of this SiC module packaging in cost-effectiveness, power conversion efficiency, power density for power electronics systems have also been demonstrated.
The effect of estrogen plus progestin on knee symptoms and related disability in postmenopausal women: The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective Most observational studies suggest that postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy have a reduced risk of radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). There are no randomized trial data on the association of hormone treatment with knee or hip OA, and no studies have been published regarding the relationship of hormone treatment to knee or hip symptoms. This study examined the association of hormone treatment with prevalent knee symptoms and disability related to knee pain as assessed at the final visit of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS). Methods The HERS was a 4-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of estrogen plus medroxy progesterone acetate for prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women with documented coronary disease. Participants in this substudy on knee pain were 969 postmenopausal women, with a mean age of 66 years and mean body mass index of 28.6 kg/m2, attending the final visit at 9 clinical centers. Frequent knee symptoms were assessed by interview and the severity of knee pain and disability related to knee pain were determined using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Knee symptoms and disability were compared between women assigned to receive hormones and those assigned to receive placebo. Results Frequent knee pain was reported in 24.1% of women assigned to receive hormone therapy versus 26.1% of those assigned to the placebo group, a difference of −2.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −7.4% to 3.5%). Among women with knee pain, there were no differences in the severity of pain (score difference −0.2, 95% CI −1.2 to 0.8) or disability (score difference −0.7, 95% CI −3.8 to 2.4) as assessed on the WOMAC. All results were similar for women whose body mass index was either above or below the median. Conclusion In a group of older, postmenopausal women with cardiac disease, we found no significant effect of 4 years of estrogen plus progestin therapy compared with placebo on knee pain and related disability. Our findings may not apply to other groups of women or to the effect of hormone therapy on the structural changes of knee OA.
Beyond reflection: Using discourse analysis to understand your classroom culture

Understanding individual classroom culture is essential for constructing effective learning and teaching contexts. Largely underutilized in STEM classrooms to date, discourse analysis can serve as a tool to uncover, understand, and shape unique classroom culture. Used as a reflective tool, discourse analysis can enhance pedagogical understanding of quality and quantity of student participation and acquisition of knowledge. This workshop offers participants an opportunity to engage in a hands-on learning experience about ways to create learning opportunities for all students. The participants will learn the process of discourse analysis and will create a step-by-step plan to use this research perspective to comprehend what actually happens in their own classrooms so as to enhance interactions creating an effective learning and teaching context.
National trends in percutaneous cholecystostomy between 1994 and 2009: perspectives from Medicare provider claims.

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess national trends and regional variation in the utilization of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC). Methods Medicare fee-for-service claims files from 1994 to 2009 were used to identify trends in PC compared with laparoscopic and open surgical gallbladder procedures. Volume, geographic variation, provider specialty, and service site were analyzed. Results Between 1994 and 2009, annual PC procedures increased by 567% (from 1,085 to 7,239). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy increased by 3% (from 203,836 to 209,650), and open procedures declined by 73% (from 119,086 to 32,222). As a percentage of all gallbladder procedures, PC increased from 0.3% to 2.9% and varied considerably among Medicare regions, ranging from 1.4% (Denver) to 5.2% (Boston). Radiologists perform most PC procedures (97%), and most are performed on hospital inpatients (92%). Conclusions Annual PC procedures on Medicare beneficiaries increased almost 6-fold in recent years, as laparoscopic cholecystectomy remained stable, and open procedures declined. The relative utilization of PC varies considerably by region across the United States.
Reduction in adherence of Actinomyces viscosus after exposure to low-frequency acoustic energy.

The ability of low-frequency (200 Hz) acoustic energy to reduce the adherence of Actinomyces viscosus T14V to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite (SHA) disks was studied. An acoustic pressure range between 0 and 65 kPa and exposure durations between 0 and 8 min were used to study the levels necessary to significantly alter adherence. The effects of acoustic exposure on both bacteria in liquid and bacteria already adhering to SHA disks were studied. A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess bacterial adherence. For bacterial suspensions exposed prior to addition to SHA disks, it was found that reductions in adherence were greater for lower bacterial concentrations. Exposure of bacteria already adhering to SHA disks resulted in a decrease in adherence that was independent of the bacterial concentration and linearly related to the logarithm of the exposure duration. In addition to affecting adherence, acoustic energy also dispersed bacterial aggregates. Our results support the concept that low-frequency sonic energy applied orally may be of therapeutic value in reducing adherence and colonization of the teeth by plaque bacteria.
A meta-analysis and review of holistic face processing.

The concept of holistic processing is a cornerstone of face recognition research, yet central questions related to holistic processing remain unanswered, and debates have thus far failed to reach a resolution despite accumulating empirical evidence. We argue that a considerable source of confusion in this literature stems from a methodological problem. Specifically, 2 measures of holistic processing based on the composite paradigm (complete design and partial design) are used in the literature, but they often lead to qualitatively different results. First, we present a comprehensive review of the work that directly compares the 2 designs, and which clearly favors the complete design over the partial design. Second, we report a meta-analysis of holistic face processing according to both designs and use this as further evidence for one design over the other. The meta-analysis effect size of holistic processing in the complete design is nearly 3 times that of the partial design. Effect sizes were not correlated between measures, consistent with the suggestion that they do not measure the same thing. Our meta-analysis also examines the correlation between conditions in the complete design of the composite task, and suggests that in an individual differences context, little is gained by including a misaligned baseline. Finally, we offer a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge about holistic processing based on evidence gathered from the measure we favor based on the 1st sections of our review�the complete design�and outline outstanding research questions in that new context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)