cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Haunting Women’s Public Memory: Ethos, Space, and Gender in the Winchester Mystery House

This article examines the rhetorical framing of San Jose’s “Winchester Mystery House” house tour to consider the role of spatiality in shaping the ethos and subsequent public remembrance of women. ...
Improvement in a-Si:H silicon solar cells with using double p-type window layers based on nanocrystalline silicon oxide

Abstract In this study, our objective was to analyze by simulation the effect of using two different double p-type layers, one p-type based on hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) and the other p-type based on hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx:H) on the performances of n-i-p a-Si:H based solar cell. The AMPS-1D computer code is used to realize the simulation. Two devices were simulated and compared, the first structure device is:metal/n-a-Si:H/i-a-Si:H/p-nc-SiOx:H/p+nc-SiOx:H/ITO and the second structure device is:metal/n-a-Si:H/i-a-Si:H/p-nc-Si:H/p+nc-Si:H/ITO. An improvements in the JSC in the case of structure with p nc-SiOx:H layers is mainly due to the good absorption in the short wavelength range which is causes by the presence of oxygen in the high band gap p-nc-SiOx:H layer and which makes it more transparent. This good light absorption leads to a high photocarriers generation which combined with a high doping concentration to extract holes from the active layer. The presence of the p-nc-SiOx:H buffer layer at the i/p-window interface reduces the recombination at this interface and improves the VOC. For the optimized window layer parameters values: NDG = NAG = 1017 cm−3, L = 15 nm, NA = 5 × 1019 cm−3 and with NA = 1018 cm−3 for the buffer layer, the best performances were obtained in the case of solar cell with double p-nc-SiOx:H type window layers (JSC = 13.80 mA/cm2, VOC = 934 mV, FF = 79.1% and Eff = 10.21%).
A Mechanism for the Direct Regulation of T-Type Calcium Channels by Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II

Low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca2+ channels are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are important determinants of neuronal excitability, initiating dendritic and somatic Ca2+ spikes that trigger and shape the pattern of action potential firing. Here, we define a molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation of α1H channels (Cav3.2), by Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). We show that channel regulation is selective for the LVA α1H Ca2+ channel subtype, depends on determinants in the α1H II-III intracellular loop, and requires the phosphorylation of a serine residue absent from unregulated α1G (Cav3.1) channels. These studies identify the α1H channel as a new substrate for CaMKII and provide the first molecular mechanism for the direct regulation of T-type Ca2+ channels by a protein kinase. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for modulating the integrative properties of neurons.
Personality differences between and within baseball and tennis players.

Abstract Baseball and tennis coaches at Ohio State University ranked their respective players (N = 69) in performance at the end of the 1965 season. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, a personality test, had been administered to all players before the season began. Using multiple discriminant analysis, no significant differences in personality profiles were observed between the tennis and baseball groups, or between the highest 20 and lowest 20 ranked baseball players. When making between- and within-athletic group comparisons with normative data on each of 15 personality traits, a few traits, such as Achievement, Intraception, and Dominance, emerged as significant.
Applying dynamic networks and staged evolution for soccer robots

Behavior-based design has been widely recognized as one of the main approaches in traditional robot design. In this paper, we propose an integration of behavior-based approach and evolutionary algorithm, called an evolutionary behavior programming system. By adapting from the idea of Behavior Analysis, Behavioral Modules and Interactions are used for coding behavior-based control systems into a particular programming form. Therefore, the processes of Genetic Programming (GP) can be performed to evolve possible behavior-based control systems. Furthermore, with the intention to improve the learning performances in dynamic environments, a new idea of turning on/off each module in the network stochastically, called Dynamic Network, is applied. Experiments on soccer robots are simulated to verify this new approach. With the intention of training robots to play soccer games, staged evolution is used to speed up the learning process. Simulation experimental results demonstrate that this proposed method is highly promising.
«La orgía periodística»: prensa y cultura política En el Cuzco durante la joven república

This article examines the Cuzco press in the early republic, 1820-1840. Contradicting the interpretation of the caudillo period as senseless militarism, it demonstrates the need to take the era’s ideological battles seriously. Liberals and Conservatives arduously debated in newspapers and pamphlets, presenting their programs and emphasizing their discrepancies. Despite the predominance of personal attacks and satire, the press had a political content that shaped postcolonial struggles and influenced the development of Peruvian literature.
Mutations in Coliphage P1 Affecting Host Cell Lysis

A total of 103 amber mutants of coliphage P1 were tested for lysis of nonpermissive cells. Of these, 83 caused cell lysis at the normal lysis time and have defects in particle morphogenesis. Five amber mutants, with mutations in the same gene (gene 2), caused premature lysis and may have a defect in a lysis regulator. Fifteen amber mutants were unable to cause cell lysis. Artificially lysed cells infected with five of these mutants produced viable phage particles, and phage particles were seen in thin sections of unlysed, infected cells. However, phage production by these mutants was not continued after the normal lysis time. We conclude that the defect of these five mutants is in a lysis function. The five mutations were found to be in the same gene (designated gene 17). The remaining 10 amber mutants, whose mutations were found to be in the same gene (gene 10), were also unable to cause cell lysis. They differed from those in gene 17 in that no viable phage particles were produced from artificially lysed cells, and no phage particles were seen in thin sections of unlysed, infected cells. We conclude that the gene 10 mutants cannot synthesize late proteins, and it is possible that gene 10 may code for a regulator of late gene expression for P1.
Comparison of oncogene mutation detection and telomerase activity for the molecular staging of non-small cell lung cancer

Novel oncogene mutation detection techniques have demonstrated that standard histopathological examination may fail to detect clinically significant metastatic cancer cells. Recently, telomerase activity has been detected in most immortal cell lines and human tumors, potentially providing a novel diagnostic marker. We compared standard histopathological examination with the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay and either a p53 plaque hybridization or a K-ras mutation ligation assay in the lymph nodes of 12 patents with surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Telomerase activity was detected in 10 of 10 (100%) evaluable tumors. Eight of 9 (89%) histopathologically positive lymph nodes were telomerase positive, and 26 of 48 (54%) histopathologically negative lymph nodes were telomerase positive. In comparison, oligonucleotide plaque hybridization detected metastases in all 3 histopathologically positive nodes and in 3 of 27 histopathologically negative nodes. Similarly, the K-ras mutation ligation assay detected metastases in all 6 histopathologically positive lymph nodes examined and in 1 of 21 histopathologically negative lymph nodes. Thus, most of the "positive" nodes by telomerase assay did not harbor occult neoplastic cells that shared the same genetic alteration as the primary tumor. The high rate of false positives associated with the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay limits its role in staging lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Mean maps for cosmic web structures in cosmological initial conditions

Halos, filaments, sheets and voids in the cosmic web can be defined in terms of the eigenvalues of the smoothed shear tensor and a threshold $\lambda_{\rm th}$. Using analytic methods, we construct mean maps centered on these types of structures for Gaussian random fields corresponding to cosmological initial conditions. Each map also requires a choice of shear at the origin; we consider three possibilities. We find characteristic sizes, shapes and other properties of the central objects in these mean maps and explore how these properties change with varying the threshold and smoothing scale, i.e. varying the separation of the cosmic web into different kinds of components. The mean maps become increasingly complex as the threshold $\lambda_{\rm th}$ decreases to zero. We also describe scatter around these mean maps, subtleties which can arise in their construction, and some comparisons between halos in the maps and collapsed halos at final times.
The Quality-Profit Assumption

The profit motive is typically linked to lower quality in higher education. But there are several routes to profitability that do not presume a decline in quality, but rather take advantage of price and service strategies that generate revenue without significant impact on the academic program. Quality, therefore, is not determined by the profit status of the institution.
LTE Emulation over Wired Ethernet

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard merges an all IP voice and data communications with dynamic spectrum resource scheduling. The resource scheduler must balance the QoS requirements, traffic demands, and physical channel conditions to create desirable wireless end-user performance. The purpose of our research and the focus of this paper is a development of a unified testbed platform based on Emulab that can be used to examine the key aspects of an LTE system in realtime, including real time uplink and downlink scheduling, QoS parameters, and Android end-user applications. Our validation studies demonstrate that the testbed is capable of achieving delay, loss, and jitter that can be associated with an LTE communication system, and can be easily used to study a variety of LTE scheduling algorithms.
Cannabidiol fails to reverse hypothermia or locomotor suppression induced by Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background and Purpose Growing evidence shows cannabidiol (CBD) modulates some of the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD is a constituent of some strains of recreational cannabis but its content is highly variable. High CBD strains may have less memory-impairing effects than low-CBD strains and CBD can reverse behavioural effects of THC in monkeys. CBD/THC interactions in rodents are more complicated as CBD can attenuate or exacerbate the effects of THC. This study was undertaken to determine if CBD could reverse hypothermia or hypolocomotor effects caused by THC in rats. Experimental Approaches Male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with radiotelemetry devices and then given doses of THC (10–30 mg·kg−1, i.p.) with or without CBD. Experiments determined the effect of simultaneous or 30 min pretreatment with CBD in a 1:1 ratio with THC, as well as the effect of CBD in a 3:1 ratio. Additional experiments determined the effects of pretreatment with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant). Key Results CBD did not attentuate THC-induced hypothermia or hypolocomotion but instead exaggerated these effects in some conditions. The antagonist SR141716 blocked hypolocomotor effects of THC for the first hour after injection and the hypothermia for 6 h; thus validating the pharmacological model. Conclusions and Implications There is no evidence from this study that elevated CBD content in cannabis could provide protection from the physiological effects of THC, in rats.
Social work and malpractice: a converging course

Malpractice actions have not been applied to social workers, to date. Emerging legal sanction for an recognition of social workers as mental health professionals, however, carries a concomitant risk of malpractice suits against social workers in a number of treatment practice areas.
Right ventricular function relates to functional capacity in men with atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background While left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (E/e′) is related to functional capacity in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanism is unclear. Right ventricular (RV) function is related to prognosis in various diseases, however, its relationship with LV diastolic function is not well-studied. We sought to examine the reliability of echocardiographic indices of RV function in AF, the relationship between LV diastolic function and RV function, and the relationship between RV function and 6MWT distance in ambulatory patients with AF. Methods We designed a retrospective study evaluating 52 veterans with AF and preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) who underwent echocardiography and 6MWT at scheduled visits throughout 1 year. We performed pairwise correlation to evaluate reproducibility of echocardiographic indices of RV function measured 1 week apart. Multiple regression was used to assess the association of indices of RV function to LV diastolic function and functional capacity. Results Most RV function indices had good to excellent correlation between 2 visits 1 week apart (coefficient 0.50–0.81) with test-retest variations of <6%, except for tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), which had a significant variation in 9%. TAPSE, RV S′ and RV e′ were significantly related to LV diastolic function after adjusting for RV systolic pressure. After further adjustment for comorbidities, only RV S′ and RV e′ remained significantly related to 6MWT. Conclusion RV tissue Doppler measurements (S′ and e′) had good reproducibility and were independently related to LV diastolic function and 6MWT in men with AF and preserved LVEF.
Enhancement of the rate of GTP hydrolysis in rat brain by repeated κ-opioid treatment

To investigate the G protein and protein kinase C (PKC) systems during the initial state of kappa-opioid tolerance, the low Km GTPase and PKC activities were measured following repeated treatment of rat with the kappa-agonist, U-50,488. In behavioral studies, antinociceptive tolerance to U-50,488 was developed following 7-day treatment with U-50,488. Under these conditions, repeated administration of U-50,488 significantly enhanced the basal low Km GTPase activity in the pons/medulla but not in the cortex and midbrain regions. On the other hand, repeated U-50,488 treatment had no effect on PKC activity in cytosol and membrane fractions under the calcium-chelating conditions. These results indicate that repeated administration of kappa-agonist, U-50,488, increases in the basal hydrolysis of GTP to GDP in rat pons/medulla but not PKC activity which was observed in the case of repeated administration with morphine in rats.
The poetics and politics of recognition: diasporan Sikhs in pluralist polities

In this article I explore the intersection of nationalist and multiculturalist discourses in the contemporary world. I contrast the experiences of Canadian Sikhs and Singaporean Sikhs to suggest ways in which the nationalist and multiculturalist projects of two pluralistic nation-states (Canada and Singapore) have affected local political fortunes of the Sikhs, a small but visible ethnocultural group with its own global nationalist aspirations. I attribute the different fortunes of Sikhs in gaining the recognition of the state, in part, to differences in state ideologies, policies, and practices of nation building and ethnic management in corporatist Singapore and quasi-liberal Canada. In this analysis I highlight the challenges and costs of playing the “politics of recognition” at the intersection of pluralist polities and global ethnoscapes and suggest how ethnographers might fruitfully engage the poetics and politics of sameness and difference.
Binding affinities of thyroxine-binding proteins in turtle plasma.

Abstract Binding affinities ( K 0 ) for thyroxine (T 4 ) by blood plasma and purified plasma proteins from two turtles, the slider ( Trachemys scripta ) and snapper ( Chelydra serpentina ), were compared with those of a human using equilibrium dialysis. The purified T 4 binding protein (TBP) from T. scripta had a high affinity that was lower by about fivefold than that of human TBG (3.2 × 10 9 vs 1.7 × 10 10 M -1 ). The affinity of T 4 binding by TBP was similar to that determined for whole plasma from this species. T.scripta plasma stripped of TBP by affinity chromatography showed a greatly reduced K a (2.8 × 10 5 M -1 ) similar to that of albumin purified from the same species (3.6 × 10 5 M -1 ), as well as a marked increase in free T 4 19.7%) as compared to whole turtle plasma (0.13%). The T 4 binding of snapping turtle plasma ( K a = 5 × 10 5 and free T 4 = 2.7%) was similar to that of the TBP-stripped plasma and albumin. Binding affinities for the two turtle and human albumins were similar. Because of low concentrations of albumin in the turtle blood (estimated at ca. 10 mg/ml based on binding), TBP probably accounts for a greater proportion of T 4 binding in the slider turtle than does TBG in the human; e.g., when plasma T 4 and TBP are elevated in T. scripta , >98% of bound T 4 would be associated with TBP. When both TBP and T 4 are depressed (e.g., as in hatchlings), free T 4 may actually be higher than in conditions when total T 4 is elevated. Turtles like the snapper presumably rely almost wholly on albumin for T 4 transport. Calculations based on these data indicate that temporal changes or interspecific differences in total T 4 levels among reptiles likely misrepresent variations in free T 4 .
On the relationship between photocurrent decay time and trap distribution in CdS and CdSe photoconductors

Abstract The method of thermally stimulated currents has been used to determine the electron trap distributions in single crystals of CdS and polycrystalline thin film layers of CdS and CdSe. Seven fundamental trapping levels were found and four have been tentatively correlated with the activation treatments. Photoconductive decay times have been measured over the temperature range of −192°C to +100°C, and are found to correlate directly with the thermally stimulated current in the same sample. The response time of our polycrystalline thin film layers has been found to be shorter than that of single crystals. The faster response of these polycrystalline films is explained by the observed difference in trap distribution between the single crystal and the polycrystalline film.
Psychotherapy research and its incredible credibility crisis

Abstract The unrelentingly positive findings recently reported by “box-score” and “meta-analysis” surveys of psychotherapy outcome research have served to aggravate rather than relieve the critic's doubts regarding the credibility of the field. The finding that all psychotherapy forms are effective and that all are equally effective is further undercut by the report that treatment efficacy seems to be independent of the specific interventions or techniques used, the level of therapist training and length of experience, or the frequency and duration of treatment provided. The hypothesis that all psychological treatments share active but “nonspecific” elements has raised the fear that such treatments depend principally on their capacity to engender in patients increased faith, hope, and confidence in the socially sanctioned therapist and his/her procedures. This paper challenges such generalizations because they are drawn from a limited data base that is unrepresentative of forms of treatment used in practice, of patients commonly treated, and of fully trained therapists, and is limited in scope of measurement. Some reasons for the underrepresentation of the nonbehavior therapies are suggested, and the common elements of the “nonspecificity” hypothesis are reexamined. Suggestion and persuasion are found to be neither the exclusive nor the most salient common aspects of psychotherapies. Some recommendations for modifications of research support mechanisms are proposed to broaden research and research training opportunities.
Detecting a clinically meaningful change in tic severity in Tourette syndrome: a comparison of three methods.

Abstract Objective To compare three statistical strategies for classifying positive treatment response based on a dimensional measure (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale [YGTSS]) and a categorical measure (Clinical Global Impression—Improvement [CGI-I] scale). Method Subjects (N = 232; 69.4% male; ages 9–69 years) with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder participated in one of two 10-week, randomized controlled trials comparing behavioral treatment to supportive therapy. The YGTSS and CGI-I were rated by clinicians blind to treatment assignment. We examined the percent reduction in the YGTSS-Total Tic Score (TTS) against Much Improved or Very Much Improved on the CGI-I, computed a signal detection analysis (SDA) and built a mixture model to classify dimensional response based on the change in the YGTSS-TTS. Results A 25% decrease on the YGTSS-TTS predicted positive response on the CGI-I during the trial. The SDA showed that a 25% reduction in the YGTSS-TTS provided optimal sensitivity (87%) and specificity (84%) for predicting positive response. Using a mixture model without consideration of the CGI-I, the dimensional response was defined by 23% (or greater) reduction on the YGTSS-TTS. The odds ratio (OR) of positive response (OR = 5.68, 95% CI = [2.99, 10.78]) on the CGI-I for behavioral intervention was greater than the dimensional response (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = [1.65, 4.99]). Conclusion A 25% reduction on the YGTSS-TTS is highly predictive of positive response by all three analytic methods. For trained raters, however, tic severity alone does not drive the classification of positive response. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT00218777 ; NCT00231985 .
Chronic stress effects on dendritic morphology in medial prefrontal cortex: sex differences and estrogen dependence.

Abstract A growing body of work has documented sex differences in many behavioral, neurochemical, and morphological responses to stress. Chronic stress alters morphology of dendrites in medial prefrontal cortex in male rats. However, potential sex differences in stress-induced morphological changes in medial prefrontal cortex have not been examined. Thus, in Experiment 1 we assessed dendritic morphology in medial prefrontal cortex in male and female rats after chronic stress. Male and female rats underwent either 3 hours of restraint daily for 1 week or were left unhandled except for weighing. On the final day of restraint, all rats were euthanized and brains were stained using a Golgi–Cox procedure. Pyramidal neurons in layer II–III of medial prefrontal cortex were drawn in three dimensions, and morphology of apical and basilar arbors was quantified. In males, stress decreased apical dendritic branch number and length, whereas in females, stress increased apical dendritic length. In Experiment 2, we assessed whether estradiol mediates this stress-induced dendritic hypertrophy in females by assessing the effects of restraint stress on female rats that had received either ovariectomy with or without 17-β-estradiol replacement or sham ovariectomy. Brains were processed and neurons reconstructed as described in Experiment 1. Both sham-operated and ovariectomized rats with estradiol implants showed stress-induced increases in apical dendritic material, whereas ovariectomy without estradiol replacement prevented the stress-induced increase. Thus, the stress-induced increase in apical dendritic material in females is estradiol-dependent.
The Economics of Agricultural Land Preservation

Several state legislatures are considering enactment of tight zoning laws to preserve high productivity land for agricultural use. In the vernacular of the day, this land is referred to as "prime" (Raup, pp. 2, 3). Apparently, the myriad of tax preferential policies and other planning devices designed to protect agricultural lands from conversion to other uses have not been very effective (Hansen and Schwartz). Some of our best agricultural land continues to be converted to expanding urbanization, transport, utility easements, and for a variety of public purposes. So it is argued by those who advocate zoning for agricultural land that more drastic measures are now needed to stop this avalanche before "serious" agricultural land shortages occur. Of course, if social action is needed to retain prime land in agricultural use, the land market cannot efficiently allocate land resources among competing uses. The tax preference schemes were enacted to make it less costly to use land for agricultural purposes so that significant quantities of land would be kept in agricultural use that would otherwise shift. But use changes could still occur through the market if value differentials were great enough to offset the production cost advantage created by the tax preference. The crux of the proposed prime land preservation legislation is quite different; it removes the land allocation decisions from the market entirely by using productivity criteria to qualify land for preservation and by granting the power for exemptions and use changes to designated boards. This paper is largely concerned with the economic implications of this drastic policy shift. There must be substantial political pressure for retaining prime agricultural land since proposals are numerous and are being ma e in all sections of the country. It is the thesis of this paper, however, that the economic costs and benefits of such proposals have not been adequately explored and that it is the obligation of agricultural economists to do so. Not even the philosophical rationale for removal of the market from land use decisions has been adequately considered (Ervin et al.). This paper is more of an exploration of this issue than it is an empirical demonstration of ma ket efficiency. The next section discusses the perceived b nefits of prime land preservation; the third section discusses market failure and the alleged justification for social intervention; the fourth section treats the selection criteria that have been proposed to qualify prime land and how the program will be administered; and the final section highlights the major efficiency and equity implications of market removal from land allocation.
The Effects of Daily Oxytocin Injections Before and After Milking on Milk Production, Milk Plasmin, and Milk Composition

Exogenous daily oxytocin injections given immediately before milking increase milk production. To investigate the mechanism by which oxytocin increases milk production, oxytocin injections were given before and after milking, and saline injection was given before milking as a control. The experimental design was a replicated Latin square; two complete trials were performed: one with 12 cows (45 d) and another with 15 cows (95 d). In the first trial, the least squares means of milk production were 29.2, 29.3, and 28.3 kg for oxytocin injection before milking, oxytocin injection after milking, and saline injection before milking, respectively. In the second trial, the least squares means of milk production were 33.3, 32.9, and 32.4 kg for oxytocin injection before milking, oxytocin injection after milking, and saline injection before milking, respectively. Oxytocin before and after milking significantly increased milk production by 3%. The results suggest that increases in milk production may not be caused by removal of residual milk but by increased gland output of milk. The effect on milk plasmin activity, fat, protein, SCC, and lactose was nonsignificant and may indicate that effect of oxytocin is not manifested through an effect on cell remodeling.
Abstract 1304: Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 activates RB by mono-phosphorylation during early G1 phase

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) functions to transcriptionally regulate multiple critical cellular activities, including early G1 phase, the DNA damage response, cell cycle exit and differentiation, but is infrequently mutated or deleted in cancer. To account for the lack of Rb mutations, a large body of work over the last 20+ years has led to a widely accepted model of G1 cell cycle progression that proposes cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes partially inactivate Rb during early G1 phase by progressive multi-phosphorylation, termed hypo-phosphorylation, on 15 Cdk sites resulting in release of E2F transcription factors that drive cells across the late G1 phase checkpoint and ultimately undergo cellular division. Surprisingly given the importance of G1 cell cycle progression in cancer, the core tenet of the model, namely cyclin D:Cdk4/6 inactivation of Rb by progressive multi-phosphorylation, remains largely unproven biochemically. Consequently, it remains entirely unknown if hypo-phosphorylated Rb contains one, two, three, five, seven or more phosphates, at what phosphate number hypo-phosphorylated Rb releases E2F transcription factors, what the phosphorylation kinetics are and what the biologically active form(s) of Rb during early G1 phase is. Here using highly synchronized normal and tumor cells combined with two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (2D IEF) to quantify the number of phosphates on Rb, we find no evidence to support the 20 year old notion that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes progressively hypo-phosphorylate Rb. In contrast, we discovered that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes exclusively mono-phosphorylates Rb throughout early G1 phase, and generates fourteen independent mono-phosphorylated Rb isoforms. Cells undergoing a DNA damage response activate cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes to generate mono-phosphorylated Rb that regulated global transcription, whereas non-phosphorylatable Rb remained non-functional. These observations fundamentally change our understanding of G1 cell cycle progression and show that mono-phosphorylated Rb, generated by cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes, is the functionally active isoform of Rb in early G1 phase. Citation Format: Steven F. Dowdy, Manuel Kaulich. Cyclin D:Cdk4/6 activates RB by mono-phosphorylation during early G1 phase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1304
Risk computation for environmental restoration activities

Abstract Environmental restoration activities planned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other agencies will require consideration of long-term environmental and public health risks. These restoration activities will require risk computations capabilities in support of baseline, reme- diation, and residual risk assessments. During the initial stages of problem characterization, risk screening approaches are useful; then, as more data become available, more detailed risk evaluations are appropriate. While a wide variety of models address specific site characteristics, transport media, and impact type, only a few models address the broad range of long-term public health issues encountered in environmental resto- ration activities. One such model, the Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS®) (© Battelle Memorial Institute, 1989, 1993), integrates radioactive and hazardous materials risk computations for major exposure routes via air, surface water, groundwater, and over- land flow transport. By considering a broad range of potential environmental issues, models such as MEPAS can be used to help prioritize potential environmental problems. An illustrative application is described involving relative risk-based evaluation of the mixed waste in underground tanks. The results provide an indication of (1) the relative importance of each of the constituents from a public-health standpoint, and (2) the sensitivity of those rankings to important input parameters.
Serologic Survey for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in Selected Feral and Domestic Swine Sera in the Southern United States

Serum samples collected from feral and domestic swine (Sus scrofa) in Florida and feral swine in Georgia and Texas were assayed by plaque reduction for their virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies against the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE). None of 560 samples collected from feral swine contained VN antibodies for TGE virus, but experimentally infected feral swine seroconverted. None of 665 samples from domestic swine contained TGE-VN antibodies. These results indicate feral swine are not a significant reservoir for TGE virus in southern states, but are capable of becoming infected and developing VN antibodies against TGE.
A Previously Undescribed Variant of Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 37-year-old gentleman presented with musculoskeletal chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed a left bundle branch block. Echocardiogram demonstrated hypertrophy and deep trabeculation of the ventricular septum ( A , [Online
Orbital and spin sum rules in x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in the ${\mathit{L}}_{2,3}$ absorption spectra of transition metals is a relatively new experimental technique for the investigation of magnetism. XMCD is element specific, giving it obvious advantages over methods which measure averaged magnetic properties. Another potential strength of XMCD is the separate quantitative measurement of 〈${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉 and 〈${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉 through application of dichroism sum rules. In this paper we present the results from a set of experiments designed to test the applicability of the dichroism sum rules to XMCD spectra measured by total electron yield. We find that with proper experimental control of angle of incidence, degree of polarization and film thickness, the total electron yield measurement of absorption spectra is accurate to within 5%. The uncertainties involved in applying the dichroism sum rules are discussed in detail, including possible effects of diffuse magnetic moments which are known to exist in Fe, Co, and Ni. The magnitude of these uncertainties makes it difficult to obtain absolute values of 〈${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉 and 〈${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉, however, the dichroism sum rules are shown to be qualitatively accurate and therefore capable of measuring changes in 〈${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉 and 〈${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{Z}}$〉.
Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management

Recently disturbed and ‘control’ (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long-term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of relaxin on calcium fluxes in the rat uterus.

Abstract Relaxin is a polypeptide hormone that inhibits rat uterine contractions. To test the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of this effect may involve shifts in calcium ions, the biologic action of relaxin on isolated rat uterine horns was directly correlated with measurements of 45 Ca 2+ efflux from and uptake into the tissues. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the efflux of 45 Ca 2+ from rat uterine horns was significantly faster when tissue was incubated with 25 ng/ml relaxin as compared with control tissues incubated with no relaxin. In addition, at the end of the efflux experiments, control uteri contained 3.9% of the starting 45 Ca 2+ , whereas the relaxin-treated uteri contained only 2.55%, indicating greater total Ca 2+ efflux from the relaxin-treated horns ( p 45 Ca 2+ uptake by uterine tissue was also studied. Analysis of uptake curves by linear regression demonstrated that relaxin treatment leads to less total uptake of 45 Ca 2+ in the uterine tissue, although the differences are not statistically significant. These experiments demonstrate that relaxin inhibition of rat uterine contractions in vitro is associated with a decrease in intracellular free Ca 2+ , caused, at least in part, by the promotion of Ca 2+ efflux. These results represent the first step in defining the mechanism of action of this hormone.
Oxygen consumption in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas rafinesque)—II effects of pH, osmotic pressure, and light level☆

1. 1. There is a curvilinear relationship between oxygen consumption (OC in cm3/g1.053 per hr) and pH, yielding the equation: OC = −0.0612(pH)2 + 1.0478(pH) − 4.051. 2. 2. The relationship between OC and osmotic pressure (OP in mOsm/kg) for natural water is shown by the equation: OC = 0.0091(OP)2 − 0.0436(OP) + 0.208, and that for NaCl treated water by: OC = 0.0009(OP)3 − 0.0208(OP)2 + 0.104(OP) + 0.190. 3. 3. A significant relationship was exhibited between oxygen consumption and light intensity (LI in W/m2), producing the line given by: OC = 0.0026(LI) + 0.336.
Temperature-Dependent Heterogeneous Efflorescence of Mixed Ammonium Sulfate/Calcium Carbonate Particles

In this paper, we report observations on single internally mixed ammonium sulfate/calcium carbonate microparticles. Deliquescence and efflorescence relative humidities for this mixed system are reported. The slightly soluble CaCO3 has a negligible effect on the deliquescence relative humidity and the concentrationdependent water activities. Mixed particles at 298 K were observed to exist in two metastable liquid states: (a) supersaturated with respect to both ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate and (b) supersaturated with respect to ammonium sulfate and saturated with respect to a solid calcium carbonate inclusion. The efflorescence relative humidities differed greatly between the two cases. Solution droplets supersaturated with respect to both salts (no solid inclusion present) effloresced at the homogeneous efflorescence point of pure ammonium sulfate. In contrast, the presence of the calcium carbonate as a 500 nm solid inclusion within the 15 Im solution droplets served as a catalyst for heterogeneous nucleation and the particle crystallized at 50% relative humidity (RH), a full 13% RH higher than homogeneous efflorescence. A smaller calcium carbonate seed induced efflorescence at an intermediate 47% RH, indicating that the heterogeneous efflorescence rate is a function of the size of the inclusion. The data are analyzed using classical nucleation theory to derive the free-energy barrier to nucleation, the size of the critical nucleus, and the contact parameter between ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. The results are compared with available literature. The heterogeneous efflorescence was also investigated as a function of temperature (210-298 K) and found to have only a slight temperature dependence, similar to previous homogeneous efflorescence observations.
Adrenal function in cancer of the lung, with and without Cushing's syndrome

Abstract Adrenal function has been studied in fifty-five unselected cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. In addition, two cases of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome are reported. The following observations were made: 1.(1) Plasma 17-OH-CS hyperresponsiveness to the administration of ACTH was common in cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Impaired glucose tolerance also was frequently present. 2.(2) In patients with extensive disease, those with undifferentiated or anaplastic bronchogenic neoplasms as a group had a greater plasma 17-OH-CS response to ACTH than those with differentiated neoplasms. 3.(3) Patients with extensive disease whose plasma 17-OH-CS response to ACTH was above 55 μg. per cent had a markedly decreased life expectancy compared to those in the same group whose response was below 55 μg. per cent, irrespective of cell type. Clinical performance ratings, on the other hand, failed to correlate well with life expectancy. 4.(4) Absence of the normal circadian variation in plasma 17-OH-CS occurred in some patients who were selected for study because of unusual hyperresponsiveness to ACTH.
Biotelemetry as a Technique in Disease Ecology Studies

Disease ecology studies frequently demand a detailed knowledge of movements and activity patterns of infected animals, base-line data from apparently healthy individuals and/or inter-action rates between hosts. Additionally, some investigations require periodic examinations of hosts and the recovery of dead animals for necropsy. Until quite recently these data have been obtained primarily by live trapping and marking animals, systematic collections of specimens, or, as in the case of rabies, reports of state public health or veterinary diagnostic laboratories. All of these approaches present difficulties which may limit the quality or quantity of the information gained. For example, the technique of live trapping requires the assump- tion that movement and activity parameters are not affected by the experimental procedures. Balph ( 1968 ) , however, has shown that ground squirrels may become "trap happy" in response to a ready source of food or "trap shy" as a result of the noxious experience of being captured and handled. Similarly information obtained from systematic collections of specimens and from laboratory diagnostic reports frequentlyprove to be of limitedvalue in unravelingthe ecologicalrelationships of disease complexes. The technique of attaching miniature radio transmitters to free ranging wild animals, or "biotelemetry", may prove to be quite useful in disease investigations by reducing or eliminating the above limitations and by providing more data per unit effort than are provided by current techniques. A properly designed biotelemetry system enables the investigator to determine, with minimal disturbance, behavior patterns of unconfined wild animals. It also provides for determination of the time of death of radio-marked animals and thus permits immediate collection of the remains for necropsy. Houseknecht (1969) used this technique to determine the denning habits of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and the resulting exposure potential for disease. By quickly retrieving carcasses of succumbed radio-marked fawns (Odocoileus virginianus), Cook et a!. (1967) determined the cause of death in 49 of 58 cases. The capability of continuously monitoring the location of radio-marked animals also permits examination of hosts or the collection of specimens at will. Montgomery (1968) attached radio collars to a white-tail deer fawn then recaptured the animal at predetermined intervals in order to investigate the rate of tick attachment. Simi- larly one could recapture radio-marked striped skunks for monthly bladder traps for an investigation into the ecology of leptospirosis. The technique of biotelemetry has been employed in animal movement studies since 1959. These first transmitter packages (Le Munyan et a!., 1959) measured 7.5 x 4.0 x 1.4 cm, weighed 122.5 gm and were designed for implantation into the
Banded structure of the electrodeposited nanocrystalline Al–Mg alloy dendrites

Abstract Nanocrystalline Al–Mg dendrites with smooth (face centered cubic (fcc)-Al(Mg)) and rough (hexagonal close packed (hcp)-Mg(Al)) globular morphology were electrodeposited. The longitudinal sections of the rough globules exhibited bright–dark banded structure possessing Mg-poor and Mg-rich compositions respectively. The banded structure was explained by considering the fluctuations in potential(E)-time curve. More negative potentials result in Mg-rich dark bands. Mg-poor bright bands appear at less negative potentials. A mechanism was proposed for the banded structure formation in Al–Mg dendrites.
Toward an Empowerment Zone Evaluation

Traditional social and economic development program evaluations are based on measurable program goals, with discrete program components, a control group, and the potential to generalize from findings. Although this works for programs with well-defined outcomes, limited participation, and a narrow focus, it does not work for programs that depend on community action or seek to promote community development. Strategies for social change involve comprehensive, flexible programs that do not lend themselves to conventional evaluation methods. In this article, the authors describe how they attempt to overcome the difficulties of more traditional evaluations through action research. The authors present what they believe to be the most important elements of action research and describe how they incorporate those elements in their approach to evaluating the Empowerment Zone program.
What should the blood pressure goal be in patients with hypertension who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease

Epidemiologic and clinical trial data suggest that blood pressure in patients with hypertension who are at high risk for cardiovascular events because of coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stroke, or heart failure should be reduced to < 140/90 mm Hg in patients aged < 80 years, and that systolic blood pressure should be reduced to 140 to 145 mm Hg, if tolerated, in patients aged ≥ 80 years. Studies on patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and heart failure are discussed, supporting a blood pressure goal of < 140/90 mm Hg in patients aged < 80 years who are at high risk for cardiovascular events.