cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Big spaces, big lives, big challenges

Web 2.0 initiatives are growing along the Internet highways like orchids in Hawaii. MySpace.com, the “next-generation portal” built around social networking, provides access to user-generated content for blogs, chat rooms, movies, music, music videos, classified ads, comedy, on-demand TV, and videos, along with access to games, horoscopes, jobs, MySpace instant messaging, and so much more. The phenomenal growth of MySpace (at last count, 140 million members in November 2006) has led to struggles simply to keep its server-farm back-end alive and functioning (Carr 2007)—especially difficult for a system that did not have the engineered basis that Yahoo, eBay, or Google provides. As the space continues to add users and viewers (not always the same thing), it seems that the issues will grow more numerous as the content grows more diverse. Of course, one can never tell what will show up, including Junkie Jasmine’s attempts to achieve world fame through her belching abilities. In this area, MySpace will compete with Google’s YouTube and almost all other media providers rushing to the widest number of contributions—and to the lowest common denominator of content.
High-Order Simulation of Induced Disturbance in a Mach 6 Boundary Layer

Simulations of the early evolution of induced unstable disturbances in a Mach 6 hypersonic boundary layer are presented for the purposes of validating a high-order discontinuous Galerkin Navier-Stokes simulation code. The simulations are modeled after experiments performed in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel at Purdue University. In these experiments, a forcing mechanism was employed to induce reproducible disturbances in a hypersonic boundary layer providing for the controlled study of the growth and breakdown of these disturbances into turbulent spots. Simulations revealed that the form and strength of the excitation can greatly influence the growth of the disturbance. In particular, at large forcing amplitude, the simulated forcing produces large advecting transients that appear to enhance the growth of the wave packet, relative to that of low amplitude forcing. Simulation results with large amplitude forcing agree well with experimental results while results from low amplitude forcing agree with linear stability theory.
Arrangement of the Multicopy H+-translocating Subunit c in the Membrane Sector of the Escherichia coliF1F0 ATP Synthase *

The multicopy subunit c of the H+-transporting F1F0 ATP synthase of Escherichia coli is thought to fold across the membrane as a hairpin of two hydrophobic α-helices. The conserved Asp61, centered in the second transmembrane helix, is essential for H+ transport. In this study, we have made sequential Cys substitutions across both transmembrane helices and used disulfide cross-link formation to determine the oligomeric arrangement of the c subunits. Cross-link formation between single Cys substitutions in helix 1 provided initial limitations on how the subunits could be arranged. Double Cys substitutions at positions 14/16, 16/18, and 21/23 in helix 1 and 70/72 in helix 2 led to the formation of cross-linked multimers upon oxidation. Double Cys substitutions in helix 1 and helix 2, at residues 14/72, 21/65, and 20/66, respectively, also formed cross-linked multimers. These results indicate that at least 10 and probably 12 subunits c interact in a front-to-back fashion to form a ring-like arrangement in F0. Helix 1 packs at the interior and helix 2 at the periphery of the ring. The model indicates that the Asp61carboxylate is centered between the helical faces of adjacent subunit c at the center of a four-helix bundle.
The asymmetric response of domestic prices to changes in import prices: A cointegration test of the rachet effect*

This paper is an empirical study of the possibility that, in the short run, the domestic price level responds asymmetrically to import price changes, using the multivariate cointegration approach. For a sample of five major industrial countries, we find that, in most cases, the general price level rises more readily than it falls.
Growth of linear parameters in trisomy 18 fetuses

Linear growth in fetuses with trisomy 18 has not been systematically described. We studied the relationship between long-bone, crown-rump, and foot length and gestational age in 17 postmortem fetal specimens with this syndrome. Long-bone and crown-rump lengths were compared with normal regression lines and foot length was compared with gestational age determined on the basis of menstrual dates. Correlation between foot length and menstrual dates was weak in trisomy 18. Gestational age predicted by crown-rump length was significantly lower than gestational age by menstrual dates. All long bones were significantly shortened and fell below normal regression lines for gestational age. The fetal femur/foot length ratio was reduced. Thus no endogenous measure of gestational age appears to exist in this aneuploidy, forcing reliance on menstrual dates. The observed pattern of growth alterations will likely preclude the development of a gestational age-dependent biometric screen for the prenatal detection of this syndrome.
General relativity without coordinates

In this paper we develop an approach to the theory of Riemannian manifolds which avoids the use of co-ordinates. Curved spaces are approximated by higher-dimensional analogs of polyhedra. Among the advantages of this procedure we may list the possibility of condensing into a simplified model the essential features of topologies like Wheeler’s wormhole and a deeper geometrical insight.
Orion: A Web-Based Application Designed to Monitor Resident and Fellow Performance On-Call

Radiology residency and fellowship training provides a unique opportunity to evaluate trainee performance and determine the impact of various educational interventions. We have developed a simple software application (Orion) using open-source tools to facilitate the identification and monitoring of resident and fellow discrepancies in on-call preliminary reports. Over a 6-month period, 19,200 on-call studies were interpreted by 20 radiology residents, and 13,953 on-call studies were interpreted by 25 board-certified radiology fellows representing eight subspecialties. Using standard review macros during faculty interpretation, each of these reports was classified as “agreement”, “minor discrepancy”, and “major discrepancy” based on the potential to impact patient management or outcome. Major discrepancy rates were used to establish benchmarks for resident and fellow performance by year of training, modality, and subspecialty, and to identify residents and fellows demonstrating a significantly higher major discrepancy rate compared with their classmates. Trends in discrepancies were used to identify subspecialty-specific areas of increased major discrepancy rates in an effort to tailor the didactic and case-based curriculum. A series of missed-case conferences were developed based on trends in discrepancies, and the impact of these conferences is currently being evaluated. Orion is a powerful information technology tool that can be used by residency program directors, fellowship programs directors, residents, and fellows to improve radiology education and training.
Discussion of Agricultural Land Values, Government Payments, and Production

Most studies of the effects of farm program payments on land prices attempt to measure that impact directly, generally through a capitalization model that links land prices with expected rents and government payments. The paper by Gordon, Mishra, and Ortalo-Magne falls into this category. The second two papers take a different tack by trying to measure the effects of subsidy programs on cash rents, based on the logic that farm programs influence land prices through their impact on expected land rents. The first paper has a bold title: "What's Wrong with our Models of Agricultural Land Values?" Of the three papers presented, I like this one the best because it addresses a fun-
Primary extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the brain: a case report

Natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas represent a rare type of lymphoma derived from either activated NK cells or, rarely, cytotoxic T cells. These lesions are most commonly extranodal and tend to present as destructive lesions within the midline facial structures. Other than the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, several other extranodal sites of involvement have been reported, including the pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and testis. Although secondary involvement of the central nervous system has been reported, a convincing case of primary brain NK/T-cell lymphoma has not been previously reported. Here, we report a case of primary brain lymphoma of NK/T-cell type with a characteristic phenotype expressing CD3epsilon, CD56, granzyme B, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNAs, with germline T-cell receptor gene configuration, and showing an unusual intravascular component. The patient underwent extensive imaging studies, revealing only the brain lesion. The lymphoma failed to respond to therapy and the patient eventually died after transfer to a hospice facility. This unusual case highlights an unusual presentation of a rare disease entity and highlights the need for a better understanding of the biology and treatment of T-cell lymphomas.
Color detection using amorphous silicon Schottky photodiode

Abstract A novel technique of color detection using an amorphous silicon Schottky photodiode has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It has been shown that diodes fabricated in amorphous silicon are particularly attractive for such an application because of the relatively low mobility and lifetime of the photocarriers generated within the material. The fact that the variation of photocurrent with voltage strongly depends upon the wavelength provides the material with its intrinsic wavelength-filtering properties and is utilized in color sensing. The Levenborg-Marquardt algorithm of optimization has been used for extracting the color information from simple photocurrent measurements. It is also shown that this method is considerably more accurate and reliable than the ‘matrix inversion’ technique.
Surviving defect fraction in 14-Mev neutron-irradiated copper

Abstract The fraction of Frenkel defects that survive in isolated or clustered form during room temperature irradiation of copper has been measured as a function of fluence by a combination of electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical resistivity methods. Both methods indicate that the ratio of surviving to created defects decreased from 12 to 4.7% as the fluence of 14-MeV neutrons increased from 1 × 1020to 2.9 × 1021n/m2.
Wallace H. Carothers and Fundamental Research at Du Pont

In the Depression decade, the research group headed by Wallace H. Carothers made two discoveries-neoprene and nylon-that have had an enormous impact on E. I. du Pont de Nemours and industrial research generally. At the same time, Carothers's many publications helped establish the foundations of polymer science. A theoretical organic chemist, he left Harvard University to take part in Du Pont's new fundamental research program. Although founded on the academic model, it soon began to reflect its industrial setting. Some surprising experimental results, the research philosophy of a new research director, and the economic realities of the Great Depression pushed Du Pont's pure scientists toward more practical or mission-oriented goals. Nylon and neoprene emerged from this creative tension between chemists interested in science and management committed to innovation.
Recurrent thromboembolic disease following splenectomy for pyruvate kinase deficiency

We report a case of recurrent thromboembolic disease and chronic pulmonary hypertension in an adult patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency who underwent splenectomy as a child. Thromboembolism has been reported as a complication following splenectomy for various hereditary chronic hemolytic anemias. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in patients specifically with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Our patient presented at age 37 with recurrent pulmonary emboli, 36 years after splenectomy for severe hemolytic anemia. Work-up for other hypercoagulable states was negative. The mechanism for hypercoagulability in this condition is unclear but may involve a quantitative or qualitative change in disrupted thrombogenic red blood cell membranes that would normally be removed by the spleen. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for thrombotic events in these patients, as early diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, and chronic anticoagulation may help prevent the sequelae of repeated thromboembolic events.
Relationships between incidence and severity of Stewart's and Goss's bacterial wilts and yield of sweet corn hybrids

Abstract Relationships between severity and incidence of Stewart's and Goss's bacterial wilts (caused by Erwinia stewartii [Smith] Dye and Clavibacter michiganese subsp. nebraskense [Schuster] Davis et al.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) yield were studied in factorial experiments with sweet corn hybrids, pathogens and incidence of initial infection as main factors. Relationships were similar for the two bacterial diseases but were affected differently by host resistance. Relationships between disease severity subjected to the square root transformation (severity 1 2 ) and incidence were linear in resistant and moderately resistant hybrids, cvs Miracle and Gold Cup, because the bacterial wilts did not become systemic in these genotypes following inoculation at the five- to seven-leaf stage. In the susceptible hybrid, cv. Jubilee, the relationship between severity 1 2 and incidence was curvilinear, with severity ranging from about 25% to 65% at 100% incidence, depending on the host growth stage at which plants were inoculated. Yield of the resistant and moderately resistant hybrids was not significantly affected by inoculation at the five- to seven-leaf stage. In the susceptible hybrid, ear weight and number of marketable ears were reduced approximately 1·5% for each 10% increase in incidence when plants were inoculated at the five- to seven-leaf stage in 1985 and approximately 5% and 3%, respectively, for each 10% increase in incidence when plants were inoculated at the three- to five-leaf stage in 1986. In 1988, relationships between yield and incidence were confounded by secondary spread; however, significant relationships between yield and disease severity at harvest were found in the susceptible hybrid inoculated at the three- to five- or the five- to seven-leaf stages. Estimating Stewart's and Goss's wilt severity and yield reductions based on incidence of initial infection could be of practical importance because it simplifies the method of disease assessment; however, estimates of severity and yield reductions must consider the level of host resistance, the growth stage at which plants were infected and the potential for secondary spread due to alloinfection.
Astronomical point-source detection based on nonlinear image filtering with partial differential equations

A new nonlinear diffusion filtering scheme based on a nonlinear diffusion equation with a variable scale parameter is developed to preserve faint point sources while smoothing images for segmentation purposes. Application of the proposed approach to simulated, as well as to real images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope and by the Chandra X-ray Observatory reduced the Gaussian and Poisson noise successfully, while preserving both point sources and diffuse structures.
The AKR emission cone at low frequencies

It is noted that certain of the ISEE-1 observations between the plasmasphere and the auroral zone have revealed the emission cone of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) unaffected by plasmaspheric refraction. At some distance from the source, the cone produced a sharp low-frequency boundary in the AKR signals, which was displaced above the cyclotron frequency. The variation of this boundary, together with other aspects of the AKR signals, suggested that the AKR emission cone closed toward a hollow, roughly 45 deg limit cone with decreasing frequency, duplicating the behavior previously found with ISIS-1 at the opposite end of the AKR spectrum. It is pointed out that the hollow limit cone at low frequencies is a new feature, not previously reported.
Finite element analysis of stress and wear characterization in total ankle replacements

Abstract Total Ankle Arthroplasty is performed in order to reduce the pain and loss of ambulation in patients with various forms of arthritis and trauma. Although replacement devices fail by a number of mechanisms, wear in the polyethylene liner constitutes one of the dominating failure modes. This leads to instability and loosening of the implant. Mechanisms that contribute to wear in the liners are high contact and subsurface stresses that break down the material over time. Therefore, it is important to understand the gait that generates these stresses. Methods to characterize and decrease wear in Ohio Total Ankle Replacements (TARs) have been performed in this research. This research utilizes finite element analysis of Wright State University (WSU) patented TAR models. From the Finite element analysis (FEA) results, mathematical models of contact conditions and wear mechanics were developed. The maximum wear rate values obtained in the study (at 25.598 MPa, 3.74 mm 3 /year) and maximum surface Mises stress obtained with new optimization model (11.52 MPa) seem to be comparable with the maximum wear values obtained in other similar studies. These models were used to determine the best methods for wear characterization and reduction. Furthermore, optimization models were developed based on geometry of the implants. These equations optimize geometry, thus congruency and anatomical simulations for total ankle implants.
Airdrop ballistic winds operationally capable lidar

The Airdrop Ballistic Winds (ABW) team at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, conducted flight tests of its 2 /spl mu/m laser radar (lidar). This system, called the Operationally Capable Lidar (OCL), was installed in a modified C-130 fuel pod. The OCL was designed to: (1) provide real-time, 3-D maps of wind fields between the aircraft and the ground; and (2) significantly improve airdrop accuracy from high altitudes. This paper briefly describes the OCL, the Precision Airdrop simulation (PADS) tool, and flight test activities, including the Precision Airdrop Integrated Demonstration.
A tribute to: Keith Worsley--1951-2009.

Legend has it that Keith's introduction to neuroimaging followed a chance encounter in a verdant corner of McGill University. One of us (Alan Evans) found Keith gatheringmaple leaves in the fond hope that variations in their shapewould provide a useful source of data, against which to test his statistical ideas. This was in the late 80s when PET scanners had just started producing images of cerebral hemodynamics. It was suggested to Keith that there were more than enough data in functional neuroimaging for his machinations: A suggestion that Keith took seriously. This is one of the key events in the inception of modern imaging neuroscience; although probably not the best day for the study of maple leaves. It is difficult to imagine human brain mapping without Keith's contributions. All mainstream inference in neuroimaging rests upon his ideas and the transcription of those ideas into understandable heuristics and pragmatic computational schemes. Basically, Keith invented a new sort of statistics. Before Keith Worsley, statistical inference in brain mapping was largely limited to discrete or single tests; for example, T-tests on activities in regions of interest. However, continuous image data called for a different sort of inference, based on significant topological features like peaks and excursion sets above some threshold. This should not be confused with spatial statistics of the more traditional sort that predated Keith's contributions, which dealt mostly with kriging and related techniques. Keith introduced a fundamentally different way of characterising interesting features in images that could not be described in terms of simple numbers. The trick was to appeal to differential geometry and topology, which provided a description of the probabilistic behaviour of image data under the null hypothesis in terms of special point processes. This descriptionwas in terms of topological features such as the number of blobs and holes induced by thresholding an image. The result was a very powerful and general framework for topological inference that was grounded in random field theory (Worsley et al., 1992, 1996, 2004). This approach has been at the heart of all mainstream inference in neuroimaging since the early 90s. It is an integral part of all the commonly used voxel-based analysis software and has placed our community at the forefront of statistical developments in this area. Keith's formulation of the problem and its solutions transcend brain imaging and are likely to reach much further in the fullness of time. Random field theory has been used in the analysis of continuous
Regeneration of bone marrow in rabbits following local, fractionated irradiation

Serial studies were designed to examine the in-field regeneration of bone marrow in rabbit limbs treated with various fractionated dose schedules of irradiation. The total dose levels ranged from 2,000 to 5,000 rads with doses of 200 rads/day to 1000 rads/ week. This schedule was followed to simulate the clinical setting. A double marker of /sup 99m/Tc-S colloid and /sup 59/Fe was employed to measure the activity in the reticuloendothelium (RE) and erythron compartments. The results of these studies are at variance with the published animal data, which utilized single exposures and indicated that suppression of bone marrow is permanent at doses exceeding 2,000 rads. The presented evidence indicates that bone marrow tolerance is greater for fractionated dose irradiation than for single exposures to the same levels. (auth)
Pancreatic Acinar Cell-Specific Autophagy Disruption Reduces Coxsackievirus Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo

Summary Autophagy protects against many infections by inducing the lysosomal-mediated degradation of invading pathogens. However, previous in vitro studies suggest that some enteroviruses not only evade these protective effects but also exploit autophagy to facilitate their replication. We generated Atg5 f/f /Cre + mice, in which the essential autophagy gene Atg5 is specifically deleted in pancreatic acinar cells, and show that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) requires autophagy for optimal infection and pathogenesis. Compared to Cre − littermates, Atg5 f/f /Cre + mice had an ∼2,000-fold lower CVB3 titer in the pancreas, and pancreatic pathology was greatly diminished. Both in vivo and in vitro, Atg5 f/f /Cre + acinar cells had reduced intracellular viral RNA and proteins. Furthermore, intracellular structural elements induced upon CVB3 infection, such as compound membrane vesicles and highly geometric paracrystalline arrays, which may represent viral replication platforms, were infrequently observed in infected Atg5 f/f /Cre + cells. Thus, CVB3-induced subversion of autophagy not only benefits the virus but also exacerbates pancreatic pathology.
A cognitive, behavioral, systemic plan for a complicated case of a child

A case formulation from a cognitive behavioral perspective is provided for a complicated case of a young girl who experiences problems of inattention, oppositional behavior, academic underachievement, and peer rejection. The treatment plan integrates a combination of cognitive, behavioral, and systemic approaches. Systemic interventions help design an environment with a goodness of fit to the child's skills and temperament. Behavioral interventions help the grandparents, parents, and teachers encourage more adaptive behavior. Cognitive interventions help the adults overcome their emotional barriers to implementing the behavioral interventions and help the child cope with environmental stressors that cannot be changed.
Chronic toxicity, uptake, and retention of Aroclor 1254 in two estuarine fishes.

Our results suggest that chronic exposure to Aroclor 1254 increased susceptibility of test pinfish and spot to disease, and also appeared to be toxic to these fish. This PCB is rapidly stored by pinfish and spot, and persists in tissues for approximately three months. Our findings emphasize the need for further study on the effect of chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to polychlorinated biphenyls.
Binaural Advantage for Younger and Older Adults with Normal Hearing.

Purpose Three experiments measured benefit of spatial separation, benefit of binaural listening, and masking-level differences (MLDs) to assess age-related differences in binaural advantage. Method...
Dynamic Exercise Leads to an Increase in Circulating ICAM-1: Further Evidence for Adrenergic Modulation of Cell Adhesion

Acute mental and physical stress lead to a marked lymphocytosis, with circulating natural killer cell numbers showing the most prominent increase. Many studies have linked these acute stress effects on lymphocytes with an increase in catecholamine levels. However, the molecular mechanisms which mediate this redistribution of lymphocytes from lymphocyte reservoirs into the circulation remain unknown. We hypothesized that this form of lymphocytosis was in part due to shedding of cell adhesion molecules from the cell surface and a subsequent detachment of lymphocytes adhering to the vascular endothelium in lymphocyte reservoirs. In this study, healthy human volunteers (n= 12) were exercised on a treadmill until exhaustion. The circulating levels of the soluble cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and E-Selectin were determined by ELISA. The subjects were then randomly assigned to treatment with either propranolol or metoprolol and repeated the exercise protocol after 1 week of treatment. Prior to drug treatment, soluble ICAM-1 levels rose from 258 ± 19 to 321 ± 28 ng/ml following exercise and returned to approximate baseline levels of 263 ± 22 ng/ml after 1 h of rest. This highly significant effect of exercise on circulating ICAM-1 levels (p< .005) was mitigated after treatment with the β-adrenergic antagonists. Soluble E-Selectin levels were not significantly affected by exercise. These results suggest that dynamic exercise leads to shedding of the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1 via adrenergic mechanisms. We believe that these findings will contribute to the understanding of how physical and mental stress modulate lymphocyte migration and adhesion.
Experience with a Quantitative Test for Normal or Decreased Amounts of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Urine in Endocrinological Diagnosis

SINCE 1930 when Zondek (1) first described a method for the assay of follicle stimulating hormone (Prolan A, thylakentrin, pituitary gonadotropin A) in the urine, various modifications of this test have been in use in the Biological Laboratory of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The test has been invaluable, not only in the sorting out of the various causes for hypoestrinism (2), but also in the elucidation of various syndromes in males (3) as well as in females (4). Furthermore, the importance of the test is accentuated by the fact that follicle stimulating hormone is the only pituitary hormone at present that can be easily assayed. It is felt, moreover, that the failure of this test to gain widespread use in medical clinics is due to faulty methods. In a previous communication (2) it was pointed out that hypoestrinism could be the result of primary ovarian failure or of ovarian hypof unction secondary to underproduction of follicle stimulating hormone.
Prognostic significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and echocardiographic variables in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) often presents with exercise-induced symptoms, including arrhythmias and sudden death. The investigators prospectively studied whether exercise testing is associated with immediate complications and if stress-induced arrhythmias and echocardiographic variables are associated with long-term adverse outcomes. Exercise echocardiography with 6-channel continuous monitoring for arrhythmias was performed in consecutive patients with HC clinically referred for the test. End points included death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and myectomy. Of 86 patients with HC (mean age 56.6 ± 16.1 years) who underwent exercise echocardiography, arrhythmias occurred in 39 (45%), including 23 (27%) with premature atrial contractions, 2 (2%) with atrial fibrillation, 28 (33%) with premature ventricular contractions (16 also had atrial arrhythmias), and 1 (1.2%) with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (hemodynamically stable). During a follow-up of 2.6 ± 2.8 years, major events occurred in 11 patients (3 deaths, 5 revascularizations, 3 strokes). In addition, 12 patients developed atrial fibrillation, 6 developed nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and 13 underwent myectomies. Variables associated with major events included hypertension, male gender, and worsening wall motion score index with exercise; increased exercise duration was associated with fewer events. ST-T changes on baseline electrocardiography and premature ventricular contractions were associated with atrial fibrillation risk. In conclusion, in this cohort of patients with HC, exercise testing was safe. Test results were associated with risk for adverse events.
Pemphigus in pregnancy: A reevaluation of fetal risk

Pemphigus vulgaris, a bullous dermatosis, rarely occurs during pregnancy. Previous reviews have suggested that pemphigus has no significant effect on pregnancy. A case report of pemphigus occurring during pregnancy and resulting in an intrauterine death is presented. A reevaluation of the literature indicates that maternal pemphigus is associated with a significant risk of fetal mortality.
Alternating current admittance of double injection diodes in the ohmic and the ohmic relaxation regime

Abstract The a.c. admittance of double injection diodes is calculated in the boundary region between the ohmic and the ohmic relaxation regimes. It is found that the a.c. conductance shows a dip atωτ ⋍ 1, where τ is the lifetime of the carriers, followed by a gradual rise to the limiting value J 0 /V a at high frequencies. For the ohmic relaxation regime this gradual rise disappears.
Consumer Acceptability of Scent-infused Knitting Scarves Using Functional Melt-spun PP/PLA Bicomponent Fibers

Bicomponent melt spinning technology has been widely applied in polymer functionalization. Recently, fragrances have become available that can be readily incorporated into polymer fibers. In our previous research, it was found that the filament infusing method is an alternative and less expensive way than the microencapsulation to add scent into polymers. In current project, the end-item scented products (scarves) were knitted from a scented yarn produced using sheath-core bicomponent fibers with polypropylene (PP) as the core and polylactic Acid (PLA) as the sheath. In order to control scent release, increase producing efficiency and decrease cost, a PP/PLA ratio of 50 : 50 was selected and the scent was incorporated into PP at the filament stage. Scented scarves were then designed and knitted with scented yarn of different scents, colors, and fragrance concentrations. Laboratory results showed that scented scarves had good abrasion resistance despite the poor abrasion resistance of PLA. A survey was con...
Measuring the development of integrative care communication patterns and cross-disciplinary knowledge at a university clinic: a baseline cross-sectional study.

Abstract Objective The initiation of multiple clinical programs within a previously single-purpose health care institution brings multiple health care providers together under one roof. A baseline cross-sectional survey was undertaken to measure the development of integrative care communication patterns and cross-disciplinary knowledge at a health sciences university clinic. Methods This study was conducted by means of 3 separate surveys administered to all complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) faculty clinicians, CAM student interns, and patients attending CAM therapy at a university clinic (National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Ill). The CAM therapies included acupuncture and Oriental medicine, chiropractic medicine/doctor of chiropractic, massage therapy, and naturopathic medicine/naturopathic doctor. Results Consultations between practitioners, including clinicians and interns, of different professions were predominantly informal in nature. The highest level of familiarity was with chiropractic philosophy; the lowest level was with naturopathic philosophy. Clinicians were very familiar with the philosophies of the other professions, with interns and patients being variably familiar with the other professions' philosophies. Less than 20% of patients reported being referred to another care provider. Clinicians, interns, and patients indicated that they would like additional opportunities to take advantage of multiple professions working together. Conclusions This study is an initial assessment of the knowledge, communication patterns, and actions within the clinic during these early stages of integration. Recommendations for integrating both clinical care and educational processes within a multiple professions university are considered.
Penetration of the Mexican peso into U.S. retail operations: An examination of texas firms along the Mexican border

The use of a hard currency, such as the United States dollar, to purchase goods and services in foreign countries is a known practice. This paper examines the opposite, where the Mexican peso, traditionally a soft currency, is used to purchase goods and services in the United States. Three hundred retail firms were surveyed in the border region of Texas to ascertain whether or not they accepted pesos for payment. Almost 26% of the firms acknowledged that they do accept Mexican pesos. Included in this group were local, regional, and national businesses.
Image analysis and graphs

Some problems in the construction of image analysis programs are discussed. A systein is proposed which utilizes a graph to model the program control and the scene. The system is applied to chest X-rays and printed circuit hoards. A method for using heuristic programming in edge detection is discussed and applied to chest x-rays.
The dispositional shift in attribution over time

Abstract Two experiments examined the effect of time on causal attributions. In Experiment I, subjects who described themselves into a tape recorder assumed more personal responsibility for their behavior after 3 weeks' time than others who explained their behavior immediately after its occurrence. In Experiment II, actor-subjects took part in a getting acquainted conversation and explained their behavior more dispositionally and less situationally after 3 weeks' time than they had initially, while observer-subjects experienced no change over time. Results were interpreted in terms of an altered self-perspective in memory and the diminished salience of situational details over time.
Differential mortality risk of postprocedural creatine kinase-MB elevation following successful versus unsuccessful stent procedures

Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the effect of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) on mortality according to success of the stent procedure. Background The mortality effect of periprocedural MI relative to successful versus unsuccessful procedures has not been examined. Methods All-cause mortality during the first year was evaluated prospectively among 5,850 patients from coronary stent clinical trials. Myocardial infarction was classified according to creatine kinase-MB level as type 1 (>1 but 8 times normal or Q-wave MI). Procedures were classified as successful unless there was a final diameter stenosis >50%; final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow grade Results Myocardial infarction was more frequent after unsuccessful procedures (69.6% vs. 20.4%, p 0.20). The independent predictors of mortality were unsuccessful procedure (p Conclusions The association of periprocedural MI with increased mortality during the first year following stent placement was confined to patients with unsuccessful procedures.
Faculty Willingness to Accommodate Students with Learning Disabilities A Comparison Among Academic Divisions

One hundred seven faculty members at a northwestern college responded to a questionnaire devised to assess faculty willingness to provide students with learning disabilities instructional, assignment, examination, and special assistance accommodations. Faculty responses to the questionnaire were analyzed to determine if differences existed among faculty in the colleges of Education, Business, and Arts and Sciences. Results indicate that, in general, faculty were willing to provide students with learning disabilities accommodations, but that differences exist among the three academic divisions as to faculty willingness to provide students accommodations. The implications of these results for colleges and universities and future research are discussed.
INHIBITION OF RELAPSING EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN SJL MICE BY FEEDING THE IMMUNODOMINANT PLP139-151 PEPTIDE

Peripheral antigen-specific tolerance can be induced by feeding protein antigens. The mechanism has been described as either clonal anergy/deletion or induction of antigen-specific regulatory cells that produce transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). These two mechanisms have been linked to the magnitude and frequency of the dose of antigen fed; a single high dose induces anergy/deletion, whereas multiple low doses of antigen induce TGF-beta-secreting regulatory cells. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of feeding soluble peptides of proteolipid protein (PLP) for prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by either intact PLP or the immunodominant PLP139-151 peptide. Feeding PLP139-151 prevented acute and relapsing EAE induced by either PLP139-151 or intact PLP. PLP139-151 feeding induced anergy in the T helper 1 (Th1) population as measured by an inhibition of both proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production was increased, but increased TGF-beta production was not observed. Importantly, PLP139-151 feeding induced anergy in peripheral and central nervous system (CNS)-in-filtrating T cells. Feeding of the subdominant PLP epitope (PLP178-191) failed to inhibit EAE induced by PLP139-151; therefore, oral tolerance was not due to induction of bystander suppression. These results demonstrate that both acute and relapsing paralysis in EAE can be prevented by feeding the immunodominant peptide of PLP.
Material Agency in the Urban Material Culture Initiative

This contribution to the discussion of collecting contemporary objects reviews the implications of taking seriously how and what objects communicate, especially how we can identify the ways messages are coded in the forms of familiar objects. Of special interest are the conceptual tools that are available to differentiate these messages when objects are arranged in assemblages, including emergent implicit messages, the messages implicit in sets of objects. I advocate an approach to collecting in museums based on the tactics people use to create these assemblages at home. What theorizing about material agency offers to our collection program is a focus on objects in use rather than objects isolated from use. [material culture, consumption, agency, assemblage]
The Influence of Encoding Strategy on Episodic Memory and Cortical Activity in Schizophrenia

Background: Recent work suggests that episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia may be related to disturbances of encoding or retrieval. Schizophrenia patients appear to benefit from instruction in episodic memory strategies. We tested the hypothesis that providing effective encoding strategies to schizophrenia patients enhances encoding-related brain activity and recognition performance. Methods: Seventeen schizophrenia patients and 26 healthy comparison subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while performing incidental encoding tasks of words and faces. Subjects were required to make either deep (abstract/concrete) or shallow (alphabetization) judgments for words and deep (gender) judgments for faces, followed by subsequent recognition tests. Results: Schizophrenia and comparison subjects recognized significantly more words encoded deeply than shallowly, activated regions in inferior frontal cortex (Brodmann area 45/47) typically associated with deep and successful encoding of words, and showed greater left frontal activation for the processing of words compared with faces. However, during deep encoding and material-specific processing (words vs. faces), participants with schizophrenia activated regions not activated by control subjects, including several in prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a deficit in use of effective strategies influences episodic memory performance in schizophrenia and that abnormalities in functional brain activation persist even when such strategies are applied.
Poetry Recitation for Business Students

Poetry recitation removes the distractions of creating and organizing original material so that business students can focus on presentation skills of delivery, confidence, and memory. Delivery incl...
The Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency on Malposition of the Chick Embryo

Abstract MALPOSITION and mortality of the chick embryo has received a great deal of attention in recent years by research workers. The purpose of this research has been to determine the exact cause of mortality and malposition. Results to date are not in complete agreement as to whether mortality and malposition are due to environmental, nutritional, or inherited factors, or a combination of these sources. Hutt and Pilkey (1932) classified malposition of the chick embryo into six types, and made a study of 18 days’ incubation with eggs placed horizontally as compared with eggs with the large end raised 45 degrees. In eggs incubated horizontally, the frequency of malposition was 10.1 percent in embryos alive at 18 days, or 60.4 percent in those dying after that age. In eggs with the large end raised, the frequency of malposition was 10.7 percent in embryos alive at 18 days, or 65.9 percent in . . .
An Effective Heuristic for Multi-dimensional Partitioning in Bottom-Up Computation for Data Cubes

Bottom-Up Computation (BUC) is one of the most studied algorithms for data cube generation in on-line analytical processing. Its computation in the bottom upstyle allows the algorithm to efficiently generate a data cube for input data that can fit into the memory.When the entire input data cannot fit into the memory,many sources in literature suggest partitioning the data by a dimension and then running the algorithm on each of the single-dimensional partitioned data to generate a data cube. For very large sized input data,the partitioned data might still not be able to fit into the memory and partitioning by additional dimensions is required. However, this multi-dimensional partitioning is more complicated than single dimensional partitioning and it has not been fully discussed before. Our goal is to provide an effective heuristic implementation on multi-dimensional partitioning in BUC.
ANALYSIS OF AWAY-FROM-HOME AND AT-HOME INTAKE OF SATURATED FAT AND CHOLESTEROL

This article examines the impact of socio-economic and demographic factors on individual intake of saturated fat and cholesterol from away-from-home and at-home markets. Factors that significantly affect saturated fat intake in both away from home and at home markets are urbanization, region, race, diet status, age, and income. Urbanization, race, ethnicity, sex, household size, age, date of consumption, and income affect cholesterol intake at home.
Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidium is a newly recognized human pathogen associated with severe enteritis and, perhaps, cholecystitis in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and significant, though self-limited, diarrheal illness in the immunocompetent host. As more physicians look for this pathogen, the number of reported cases of cryptosporidiosis continues to increase. Although the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in humans is not yet known, recent studies suggest that it is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide, particularly in young children. The pathogenic mechanisms by which Cryptosporidium causes enteritis and the factors of human host defense essential for eradication of this parasite have not been delineated. Acid-fast staining of stool is a quick and reliable way of diagnosing cryptosporidiosis. Although a vast array of therapeutic agents has been tried for this disease, there is currently no known effective therapy for cryptosporidial infection.
Value network model for service ecosystem in business environment

Thanks to the speedy development of science and technology, the service sector of economy has plays more and more important role in modern society. Its rapid growth has led it outstrip the other two sectors of economy, agriculture and industry. However the research of service, such as service science, management and engineering, comparing with agriculture and industry, is rare. In this paper, the service characteristics, definitions and classifications of services have been analyzed and compared. The modeling methods for services have been illustrated too. Based on this illustration and comparison, we suggest describing service by its components. By analyzing the relationship of each component, a value network model is provided to describe the service ecosystem in business environment. At last a simple example is given to analyze how the service providers work in a competitive business environment.
Persistent organic pollutants in fish tissue in the mid-continental great rivers of the United States.

article i nfo Great rivers of the central United States (Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers) are valuable economic and cultural resources, yet until recently their ecological condition has not been well quantified. In 2004- 2005, as part of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Great River Ecosystems (EMAP- GRE), we measured legacy organochlorines (OCs) (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs) and emerging compounds (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs) in whole fish to estimate human and wildlife exposure risks from fish consumption. PCBs, PBDEs, chlordane, dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyltri- chloroethane (DDT) were detected in most samples across all rivers, and hexachlorobenzene was detected in most Ohio River samples. Concentrations were highest in the Ohio River, followed by the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, respectively. Dieldrin and PCBs posed the greatest risk to humans. Their concentrations exceeded human screening values for cancer risk in 27-54% and 16-98% of river km, respectively. Chlordane exceeded wildlife risk values for kingfisher in 11-96% of river km. PBDE concentrations were highest in large fish in the Missouri and Ohio Rivers (meanN1000 ng g −1 lipid), with congener 47 most prevalent. OC and PBDE concentrations were positively related to fish size, lipid content, trophic guild, and proximity to urban areas. Contamination of fishes by OCs is widespread among great rivers, although exposure risks appear to be more localized and limited in scope. As an indicator of ecological condition, fish tissue contamination contributes to the overall assessment of great river ecosystems in the U.S. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Periodate-permanganate oxidations. IV. Determination of the position of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids and esters

The reaction of the periodate-permanganate reagent with unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic, elaidic, eicosenoic, 10-undecenoic, and linoleic acids proceeded smoothly to give the expected end-products in quantitative yields. The latter were conveniently isolated and determined by partition chromtography on silicic acid columns in 10 to 100 mgm. quantities.