cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phase Ib Study of the Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor Dactolisib (BEZ235) Combined with Everolimus in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies

The combination of everolimus and the imidazoquinoline derivative, BEZ235 (dactolisib), a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, demonstrated synergy in a preclinical model. To establish clinical feasibility, a phase Ib dose-escalation trial investigating safety and pharmacokinetics of this combination in patients with advanced tumors was performed. BEZ235 was orally administered daily in escalating doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg along with everolimus at 2.5 mg daily in 28-day cycles. Nineteen patients were enrolled. Adverse events and tumor responses were evaluated using CTCAE v4.0 and RECIST 1.1, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. Common toxicities observed included fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, mucositis, and elevated liver enzymes. No confirmed responses were observed. BEZ235 pharmacokinetics exhibited dose-proportional increases in Cmax and AUC0-24 over the three doses, with high inter-individual variability. Non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic-based simulations indicated significant increases in everolimus Cmax and AUC0-24 on day 28 and decreased clearance to 13.41 L/hr. The combination of BEZ235 and everolimus demonstrated limited efficacy and tolerance. BEZ235 systemic exposure increased in a dose-proportional manner while oral bioavailability was quite low, which may be related to gastrointestinal-specific toxicity. The changes in steady-state pharmacokinetics of everolimus with BEZ235 highlight potential drug–drug interactions when these two drugs are administered together. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01508104
The relations of child adiposity with parent-to-child and parent-to-parent hostility.

Objective: Investigate (1) the association of child adiposity with parent-to-child and parent-to-parent hostility, (2) the mediation of these associations by dietary behaviours and (3) moderation by gender.Design: One hundred thirty-five couples with 6- to 14-year-old children completed measures of emotional and physical aggression, overreactive discipline and child diet. Parent-to-parent hostility was also coded from laboratory observations.Main Outcome Measure: Child adiposity was a combination of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.Results: Mother-to-child hostility was associated with child adiposity. This association was concentrated in boys and was not significantly explained by child dietary factors. Mother-to-father hostility was not significantly associated with boys’ or girls’ adiposity. Girls’ adiposity was not significantly associated with family hostility. Fathers’ hostility was not linked to child adiposity.Conclusion: This is the first study to take a family-level approach to understandi...
Dissolution and Heavy Residue Sinking of Subsurface Oil Droplets: Binary Component Mixture Dissolution Theory and Model-Oil Experiments

AbstractThe processes by which oil-material appears suspended in the water column or becomes deposited on the sea floor is conventionally attributed to its attachment to marine solid particles. Sin...
Case 35-2017. A 57-Year-Old Woman with Hypoesthesia and Weakness in the Legs and Arms.

A 57-year-old-woman with a history of gastric bypass presented with hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and weakness in the arms and legs. Studies for somatosensory evoked potentials were consistent with disruption of central conduction. A diagnostic test was performed.
Social Comparison in the Setting of Goals for Own and Others' Performance

This research examines social factors implicated by social compari- son theory to be involved in the setting of task performance goals. Participants conducted an error-checking task and selected performance goals for themselves, their roommates, and unknown others. In addition, participants made judgments regarding their relative ability on the task as well as stating their confidence in attaining the goals. Consistent with predictions, participants rated themselves as above average in ability, had more confidence in their own abilities, and set lower goals for others than for themselves. In addition, individuals had more confidence in the abilities of their roommates than unknown others, and conse- quently chose goals for their roommates that were more similar to their own goals. The results and implications of this study are discussed within the context of social comparison theory and the better-than-average effect. Goal setting is a motivational technique used as part of self-manage- ment practices (Miltenberger, 1997) and to increase productivity (see Locke & Latham, 1990, for an extensive review). Locke and Latham (1990) have demonstrated that goals that are challenging and specific can signifi- cantly increase performance on a variety of tasks. Goals are also more likely to enhance performance if the person performing the task is commit- ted to the goal and has the requisite ability. Most of the literature on goal setting has focussed on the goals and performance of individuals acting alone. However, current practices suggest that goals are often established in situations in which social factors may play a role (Austin & Bobko, 1985; Zander, 1979). Some clear examples of these situations would include joint goal setting as is common in management by objectives (Carroll & Tosi,
Synergistic Activation of Transcription in E. coli

Transcriptional activation in prokaryotes can involve the action of a single DNA-bound regulator or the combined action of two or more regulators working synergistically. In this chapter we will review some recent examples of transcriptional activator synergy and discuss the underlying mechanisms. For the purposes of this discussion, we will follow the convention generally observed in the field and define transcriptional activator synergy as follows: the action of two (or more) activators is defined as synergistic if the amount of transcription observed in the presence of both activators (or both binding sites) is greater than the sum of the amounts observed with each activator working on its own (see, for example, Herschlag and Johnson 1993). The ability of RNA polymerase to respond to multiple activators working synergistically permits the cell to integrate multiple signals and/or to convert relatively small changes in activator concentrations to larger changes in gene expression (for reviews, see Carey 1991; Ptashne 1992).
Eros and the Value of Being

The remarkable fact that erotic love has survived even under the most various and sundry adverse sociocultural conditions (though it has not always thrived) shows that the need for the kind of transformation offered by eros is a very fundamental one for human beings. Under such conditions, the meaning of the experience becomes like the faint signal of a beautiful piece of music, surrounded by a great deal of static. If we know the piece well, we can appreciate it in spite of the static, because we know what it is we are listening for. In this case, we can hope to block out the irrelevant noises without also blocking out aspects of the signal we are trying to preserve. Similarly, if we understand the ultimate meaning of eros in its authenticity, we can then hear its faint signal amidst the static of both the sociocultural and the intrapsychic problems we have been discussing. In the case of eros, understanding the nature of the static that is masking this signal also helps us to focus more clearly on the signal itself.
Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US)

Offshore wind is gaining momentum in the United States as a viable source for meeting domestic energy needs. Although offshore wind farms have been developed in Europe and Asia, the Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) is the first offshore wind farm built in North America. To improve marine resource management, it is critical to understand the impacts of the wind farm on marine resource users in context. Little is known about the impacts of offshore wind farms on marine resource users in the United States. This study investigates recreational and commercial fishers’ perceptions of the impacts of the BIWF on the local marine ecosystem. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 fishers, mostly based out of Block Island or Point Judith, Rhode Island (US), in the summer and fall of 2017. During the interviews, fishers were asked about their perceptions of changes in the marine ecology of the wind farm area during and after the offshore wind turbines were constructed, and how their activities in the area have changed since the wind farm was installed. Results indicate that there were perceived impacts of the BIWF on the local ecosystem and the behavior of the marine resource users. For some recreational fishers, the wind farm functioned as a destination or target and served as an artificial reef for spearfishing. For some commercial fishers, the increase in recreational fishing due to the establishment of the BIWF crowded out commercial fishers in these areas. As the offshore wind farm industry expands within US waters, findings from this study and others like it provide valuable insights on the potential impacts of these wind farms on marine resource users.
Finsler-Geometric Modeling of Structural Changes in Solids

Summarized is a novel continuum mechanics theory of deformable solids that accounts for large deformations, nonlinear elasticity, inelastic deformation mechanisms, microstructure changes, and time-dependent fields. This theory incorporates notions from Finsler differential geometry, and it provides a diffuse interface description of surfaces associated with microstructure. Mechanisms include phase transitions and inelastic shearing, with phase boundaries and shear planes belonging to the associated surfaces. A director or internal state vector of pseudo-Finsler space is viewed as an order parameter. Governing equations are derived in the context of kinematic relations, balances of momentum and energy, and evolution laws for the internal state. Jump conditions pertinent to shock loading, analogs of the Rankine–Hugoniot equations, are given. Metric tensors and volume can vary isotropically with internal state via a conformal transformation. The dynamic theory is first applied to describe shock compressive loading of single crystals of boron carbide ceramic, with an order parameter measuring inelastic mechanisms of shear accommodation and densification upon amorphization under high pressure loading. For the second application to shock compression of magnesium single crystals along the c-axis, an order parameter quantifies pyramidal slip and dislocation density, with internal energy depending in part on the latter. Semi-analytical solutions for each material for state variables of shock stress, shear stress, particle velocity, and shock velocity accurately match the available experimental data, with minimal, if any, calibration of model parameters.
Widely Tunable 20-NM-Gap Ruthenium Metal Square-Plate Resonator

A capacitive-gap transduced flexural-mode square-plate resonator constructed in rapid-thermal-annealed (RTA'ed) ruthenium metal posts quality factors ( $Q$ 's) exceeding 5000 and an impressive transducer strength $C_{x}/C_{o}$ (equivalent to $k_{t}^{2}$ ) of up to 71% intrinsic and 36% with 55fF of bond capacitance loading, which in turn permits more than 46% voltage-controlled resonance frequency tuning (from 18.005 to 9.713MHz) with a voltage excursion from 0.5 to 2.8V. The 36% $C_{x}/C_{o}$ is 75 times larger than the 0.48% of published AlN piezoelectric material in this HF frequency range [1]. With processing temperatures potentially below 350°C (with localized annealing), this metal resonator is amenable to integration directly over even advanced node CMOS [2], making this technology attractive for single-chip widely tunable filter and oscillator applications, e.g., for wireless communications [3].
Poor Quality Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences Enforce TCRβ Allelic Exclusion by Limiting the Frequency of Vβ Recombination

Monoallelic expression (allelic exclusion) of T and B lymphocyte antigen receptor genes is achieved by the assembly of a functional gene through V(D)J recombination on one allele and subsequent feedback inhibition of recombination on the other allele. There has been no validated mechanism for how only one allele of any antigen receptor locus assembles a functional gene prior to feedback inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that replacement of a single V{beta} recombination signal sequence (RSS) with a better RSS increases V{beta} rearrangement, reveals Tcrb alleles compete for utilization in the {beta} T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and elevates the fraction of {beta} T cells expressing TCR{beta} protein from both alleles. The data indicate that poor qualities of V{beta} RSSs for recombination with D{beta} and J{beta} RSSs enforces allelic exclusion by stochastically limiting the incidence of functional V{beta} rearrangements on both alleles before feedback inhibition terminates V{beta} recombination.
StoryMakAR: Bringing Stories to Life With An Augmented Reality & Physical Prototyping Toolkit for Youth

Makerspaces can support educational experiences in prototyping for children. Storytelling platforms enable high levels of creativity and expression, but have high barriers of entry. We introduce StoryMakAR, which combines making and storytelling. StoryMakAR is a new AR-IoT system for children that uses block programming, physical prototyping, and event-based storytelling to bring stories to life. We reduce the barriers to entry for youth (Age=14-18) by designing an accessible, plug-and-play system through merging both electro-mechanical devices and virtual characters to create stories. We describe our initial design process, the evolution and workflow of StoryMakAR, and results from multiple single-session workshops with 33 high school students. Our preliminary studies led us to understand what students want to make. We provide evidence of how students both engage and have difficulties with maker-based storytelling. We also discuss the potential for StoryMakAR to be used as a learning environment for classrooms and younger students.
Funds of Knowledge: Early Learning in Burmese Families

The purpose of this study was to explore the funds of knowledge of two Burmese families and how this knowledge might foster their children’s learning in the United States. The data used to inform this article included field notes based on observations, artifacts, and interviews with the parents and children of the families. The findings of this study revealed the following four types of funds of knowledge that were shared by these two families: cooking Burmese food, gardening, religious literacy practices, and literacy practices that support the maintenance of the home language. The findings also indicated that these types of funds of knowledge contributed to the children’s vocabulary growth and their exploration of scientific knowledge and facilitated their multilingual development. The findings suggest that the funds of knowledge of refugee children should be valued, shared, and incorporated into classrooms in multiple ways. This study also calls for ongoing research to explore the funds of knowledge of refugee children.
A Semantically Rich Framework for Knowledge Representation of Code of Federal Regulations

Federal government agencies and organizations doing business with them have to adhere to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The CFRs are currently available as large text documents that are not machine processable and so require extensive manual effort to parse and comprehend, especially when sections cross-reference topics spread across various titles. We have developed a novel framework to automatically extract knowledge from CFRs and represent it using a semantically rich knowledge graph. The framework captures knowledge in the form of key terms, rules, topic summaries, relationships between various terms, semantically similar terminologies, deontic expressions, and cross-referenced facts and rules. We built our framework using deep learning technologies like TensorFlow for word embeddings and text summarization, Gensim for topic modeling, and Semantic Web technologies for building the knowledge graph. In this article, we describe our framework in detail and present the results of our analysis of the Title 48 CFR knowledge base that we have built using this framework. Our framework and knowledge graph can be adopted by federal agencies and businesses to automate their internal processes that reference the CFR rules and policies.
Brentuximab Vedotin Plus Bendamustine for Pediatric Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Multi-Institution Retrospective Analysis

Background: Pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are often curable through a combination of salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Complete response (CR) to salvage treatment prior to HSCT is associated with superior outcomes, therefore optimal salvage treatments need to be identified. Brentuximab vedotin (BV), an antibody-drug conjugate combining an anti-CD30 murine/human chimeric monoclonal antibody covalently linked by an enzyme cleavable peptide to monomethyl auristatin E, and bendamustine, a fusion hybrid molecule containing the purine analogue fludarabine and the alkylating nitrogen mustard, are novel agents that have demonstrated potency as single-agent therapies for patients with R/R HL. Recently, the combination of BV and bendamustine proved to be highly active in adults with R/R HL. However, safety and efficacy data for pediatric patients are lacking. Patients and Methods: We performed a multi-institution retrospective review of pediatric patients with R/R HL Results: Patients received a median of 3 cycles of BV/bendamustine (range 2-7). Overall, 18 (62%) patients achieved a CR (95%CI: 42 to 79%). An objective response (OR) was observed in 23 patients (ORR 79%) (95%CI: 60 to 92%). Notably, response rates were comparable among patients with relapsed (CR/ORR: 63/79%) or refractory (CR/ORR: 60/80%) disease. Among responders, 15 (65%) achieved best response within 2 cycles. CR and OR rates in patients receiving BV/bendamustine as first-line salvage therapy versus second-line salvage or greater was 67/81% and 50/75%, respectively. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were hematologic (neutropenia (n=13), anemia (n=4), thrombocytopenia (n=4)). Three patients experienced grade 3 infusion reactions. Two patients proceeded with BV/bendamustine following desensitization protocols and 1 patient continued therapy with single-agent bendamustine. Sixteen patients received a consolidative transplant following BV/bendamustine (13 autologous, 3 allogeneic), 5 patients received consolidative RT, and 10 patients received post-transplant consolidation with BV. For the entire cohort, the 3-year post-BV/bendamustine event-free and overall survival was 65% (95%CI: 46 to 85%) and 89% (95%CI: 74 to 100), respectively. Conclusions: Combination therapy with BV/bendamustine for pediatric patients with R/R HL compares favorably with currently accepted salvage regimens in terms of response and tolerability. These results support evaluation of this regimen in a multi-center prospective clinical trial. Disclosures Absalon: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Shukla: Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
The flexible N-terminus of BchL autoinhibits activity through interaction with its [4Fe-4S] cluster and released upon ATP binding.

A key step in bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis is the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, catalyzed by dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR). DPOR contains two [4Fe-4S]-containing component proteins (BchL and BchNB) that assemble upon ATP binding to BchL to coordinate electron transfer and protochlorophyllide reduction. But the precise nature of the ATP-induced conformational changes are poorly understood. We present a crystal structure of BchL in the nucleotide-free form where a conserved, flexible region in the N-terminus masks the [4Fe-4S] cluster at the docking interface between BchL and BchNB. Amino acid substitutions in this region produce a hyper-active enzyme complex, suggesting a role for the N-terminus in auto-inhibition. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry shows that ATP-binding to BchL produces specific conformational changes leading to release of the flexible N-terminus from the docking interface. The release also promotes changes within the local environment surrounding the [4Fe-4S] cluster and promotes BchL complex formation with BchNB. A key patch of amino acids, Asp-Phe-Asp (the 'DFD patch'), situated at the mouth of the BchL ATP-binding pocket promotes inter-subunit cross stabilization of the two subunits. A linked BchL dimer with one defective ATP-binding site does not support protochlorophyllide reduction, illustrating nucleotide binding to both subunits as a prerequisite for the inter-subunit cross stabilization. The masking of the [4Fe-4S] cluster by the flexible N-terminal region and the associated inhibition of activity is a novel mechanism of regulation in metalloproteins. Such mechanisms are possibly an adaptation to the anaerobic nature of eubacterial cells with poor tolerance for oxygen.
Meta Learning for Knowledge Distillation

We present Meta Learning for Knowledge Distillation (MetaDistil), a simple yet effective alternative to traditional knowledge distillation (KD) methods where the teacher model is fixed during training. We show the teacher network can learn to better transfer knowledge to the student network (i.e., learning to teach) with the feedback from the performance of the distilled student network in a meta learning framework. Moreover, we introduce a pilot update mechanism to improve the alignment between the inner-learner and meta-learner in meta learning algorithms that focus on an improved inner-learner. Experiments on various benchmarks show that MetaDistil can yield significant improvements compared with traditional KD algorithms and is less sensitive to the choice of different student capacity and hyperparameters, facilitating the use of KD on different tasks and models. The code is available at this https URL
Dissonant People, Unfitting Places

In this paper, I argue that place figures centrally into identity construction. Place is often thought to be innocuous or disinterested in the way that it quite literally appears as in the background of people, things, and events. In this way, place is understood as having no real bearing on life in any generative sense. I offer another read of place that treats it as a distinct interlocutor with and against which we negotiate our identities. Though, as with all dialogical accounts, neither the self nor the other are left unimpressed upon as a result of the exchange. When we interface with place, we are changed by it, and it by us. This relationship is sometimes problematic when we consider how some places are texturized by values, norms, assumptions, and histories fundamentally antagonistic to certain groups of people. In this paper, I explore the ways in which places are constructed to reproduce and legitimate antiblack sentiments and the ways in which black people and others have turned to place as a site through and against which to creatively respond to white supremacist efforts to extinguish black life.
DNA content of rodent brains during maturation and aging, and autoradiography of postnatal DNA synthesis in monkey brain.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the DNA content of rodent brains during maturation and aging, and autoradiography of postnatal DNA synthesis in monkey brain. The possibility that the number of neurons declines during senescence is an important question that still merits examination, despite the frequently quoted conclusion that it can be answered in the affirmative. In the human, counts of cerebral cortical neurons by Brody suggested a decline with age, but after the period of infancy, his figures were based primarily on counts in tissue from three cases. The use of biochemical determinations of DNA content as an index of cell number is another approach to the problem that may provide useful information as a frame of reference for differential cell counts. Microphotometric determinations show that the DNA content of the diploid nucleus of a given species is constant within standard deviations of 10–20%. The immaturity of the human brain at birth suggests that its proliferating cells may be vulnerable to postnatal malnutrition or other metabolic insult. Hence, studies of the cell content of human brain specimens at various ages could be better interpreted with knowledge of the perinatal history, which may be fully as important as the terminal circumstances in influencing brain weight and cell number.
Circular dichroism of ribonuclease A, ribonuclease S, and some fragments.

Abstract The circular dichroism of ribonuclease A, ribonuclease S, S-protein, S-peptide, and ribonuclease S' has been measured in aqueous solutions in the 215 to 300 mµ region. The circular dichroism spectra of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S are virtually identical; that of ribonuclease S' is similar but lacks a positive peak at 240 mµ. S-protein exhibits a more negative ellipticity between 232 and 265 mµ. Upon addition of S-peptide to S-protein, the circular dichroism in this region becomes less negative. These differences are tentatively attributed to changes in the contribution of a tyrosyl residue near 240 mµ. Ribonuclease A and ribonuclease S exhibit no positive 240 mµ circular dichroism maximum in solutions below pH 2 and 3.5, respectively; this pH dependence suggests that a side chain carboxylic acid residue interaction occurs.
EuroPVM/MPI Full-Day Tutorial. Using MPI-2: A Problem-Based Approach

MPI-2 introduced many new capabilities, including dynamic process management, one-sided communication, and parallel I/O. Implementations of these features are becoming widespread. This tutorial shows how to use these features by showing all of the steps involved in designing, coding, and tuning solutions to specific problems. The problems are chosen for their practical use in applications as well as for their ability to illustrate specific MPI-2 topics. Complete examples that illustrate the use of MPI one-sided communication, MPI parallel I/O, and hybrid programming with MPI and threads will be discussed and full source code will be made available to the attendees. Each example will include a hands-on lab session; these sessions will also introduce the use of performance and correctness debugging tools that are available for the MPI environment. Guidance on tuning MPI programs will be included, with examples and data from MPI implementations on a variety of parallel systems, including Sun, IBM, SGI, and clusters. Examples in C, Fortran, and C++ will be included. Familiarity with basic MPI usage will be assumed.
The metabolism of glyceride glycolipids. I. Biosynthesis of monoglucosyl diglyceride and diglucosyl diglyceride by glucosyltransferase pathways in Streptococcus faecalis.

Abstract Particulate enzyme preparations of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 catalyze the synthesis of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (monoglucosyl diglyceride), 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (diglucosyl diglyceride), and a third glucolipid of unknown structure from two common precursors, UDP-glucose and 1,2-diglyceride. The three glucolipids appear to be formed sequentially. Isolated, radiochemically pure monoglucosyl diglyceride is converted to diglucosyl diglyceride in a reaction dependent upon UDP-glucose and enzyme. The biosynthetic enzyme or enzymes displayed a relatively high degree of specificity for UDP-glucose (the best of five nucleoside diphosphate glucose substrates tried) and for the 1,2 stereoconfiguration of the diglyceride substrate. 14C-Galactose of UDP-galactose-14C is converted to glucose prior to incorporation into glycolipids of S. faecalis. Of seven 14C-diglycerides, 14C-dilinolein served best as a substrate for the synthesis of the three glucolipids. Magnesium ion stimulates the reaction. None of 18 surface active agents tried appeared to enhance the enzymatic reaction. Consistent and relatively uniform stimulation of the biosynthesis by exogenous diglyceride was best achieved by adsorbing the diglyceride substrate directly to the lyophilized enzyme preparation.
THE MODERNITY OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY OR WRITING KIERKEGAARD AGAIN FOR THE FIRST TIME

From his first book forward, Stanley Cavell has responded to modernity's demands upon philosophic writing. He has also turned from time to time to remark on the situation of Christian speech or its theological elaboration, especially when commenting on Kierkegaard. Implicit in both gestures are questions about whether Christian theology has ever become modern in Cavell's sense—has ever responded to modernity as a crisis in its relation to received forms. If writers of Christian theology take nothing else from Cavell, they should at least carry away some sense of the demand that Kierkegaard puts on any theology written after him.
Distributed Design of Computer‐Based Systems: Needed Academic Programs

This paper summarizes the portion of the panel session on Distributed Design of Computer Based Systems devoted to a discussion of academic programs. Some of the key elements identified by the CBSE Task Force for Distributed Design of Computer Based Systems in both research and practice are briefly reviewed. Academic programs and some comments on supporting research follow. The basic conclusion is that current teaching programs are inadequate in content and emphasis on the Systems Engineering aspects and that university-based research, in general, lacks a focus on solving problems of significance to practitioners and rarely is “scaleable” to real-world situations.
The Economic Benefit of Remarriage

Abstract Although Americans have a high propensity to divorce, many of them remarry soon afterward. However, little is known about the degree of financial benefit that remarriage provides. This article presents the findings from a study on the financial benefit of remarriage. In particular, the study estimated the differential economic impact of remarriage on men versus women and on high-income persons versus low-income persons. The major findings were that women benefit more from remarriage than do men and that high-income persons benefit more from remarriage than do low-income persons. For men and women, the variables children and education exerted similar effects on the change in their income status due to remarriage, but for high-income and low-income persons, the independent variables had considerably different effects. Implications for policies are discussed.
Cargo Votes with its Rudder: The Geographic Mobility of Shipping and the Role of Labor

The globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container shipping. As the cargo has become increasingly “discretionary” such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot-loose vis-a-vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal location decisions of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper the focus is on the role of labor, and labor relations, in such decisions. These issues will be studied in the context of the shift of container traffic from the West to the East coast of the United States and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.
Early Bronze Age migrants and ethnicity in the Middle Eastern mountain zone

The Kura-Araxes cultural tradition existed in the highlands of the South Caucasus from 3500 to 2450 BCE (before the Christian era). This tradition represented an adaptive regime and a symbolically encoded common identity spread over a broad area of patchy mountain environments. By 3000 BCE, groups bearing this identity had migrated southwest across a wide area from the Taurus Mountains down into the southern Levant, southeast along the Zagros Mountains, and north across the Caucasus Mountains. In these new places, they became effectively ethnic groups amid already heterogeneous societies. This paper addresses the place of migrants among local populations as ethnicities and the reasons for their disappearance in the diaspora after 2450 BCE.
Problem Solving Versus Modeling

This chapter is the third in a series intended to prompt discussion and debate in the Problem Solving vs. Modeling Theme Group. The chapter addresses distinctions between problem solving and modeling as a means to understand and conduct research by considering three main issues: What constitutes a problem-solving vs. modeling task?; What constitutes problem-solving vs. modeling processes?; and What are some implications for research?
Coupling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae early meiotic gene expression to DNA replication depends upon RPD3 and SIN3.

It has been established that meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation are inhibited when meiotic DNA replication is blocked. Here we demonstrate that early meiotic gene (EMG) expression is also inhibited by a block in replication. Since early meiotic genes are required to promote meiotic recombination and DNA division, the low expression of these genes may contribute to the block in meiotic progression. We have identified three Hur – ( HU reduced r ecombination) mutants that fail to couple meiotic recombination and gene expression with replication. One of these mutations is in RPD3 , a gene required to maintain meiotic gene repression in mitotic cells. Complete deletions of RPD3 and the repression adapter SIN3 permitted recombination and early meiotic gene expression when replication was inhibited with hydroxyurea (HU). Biochemical analysis showed that the Rpd3p-Sin3p-Ume6p repression complex does exist in meiotic cells. These observations suggest that repression of early meiotic genes by SIN3 and RPD3 is critical for the normal response to inhibited replication. A second response to inhibited replication has also been discovered. HU-inhibited replication reduced the accumulation of phospho-Ume6p in meiotic cells. Phosphorylation of Ume6p normally promotes interaction with the meiotic activator Ime1p, thereby activating EMG expression. Thus, inhibited replication may also reduce the Ume6p-dependent activation of EMGs. Taken together, our data suggest that both active repression and reduced activation combine to inhibit EMG expression when replication is inhibited.
Learning From Activist Anthropologists' Praxis

Comments on Practice What You Teach: Activist Anthropology at the Sites of Cross-Talk and Cross-Fire
Semantic alignment of LiDAR data at city scale

This paper describes an automatic algorithm for global alignment of LiDAR data collected with Google Street View cars in urban environments. The problem is challenging because global pose estimation techniques (GPS) do not work well in city environments with tall buildings, and local tracking techniques (integration of inertial sensors, structure-from-motion, etc.) provide solutions that drift over long ranges, leading to solutions where data collected over wide ranges is warped and misaligned by many meters. Our approach to address this problem is to extract “semantic features” with object detectors (e.g., for facades, poles, cars, etc.) that can be matched robustly at different scales, and thus are selected for different iterations of an ICP algorithm. We have implemented an all-to-all, non-rigid, global alignment based on this idea that provides better results than alternatives during experiments with data from large regions of New York, San Francisco, Paris, and Rome.
Influence of aldrin, methoxychlor, and parathion on longevity of Musca domestica and Phormia regina.

Survival of adults of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and the black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), was studied in the presence of sublethal dosages of the xenobiotic compounds aldrin (1–10 ppm), methoxychlor (10–50 ppm), and parathion (1–50 ppm) fed in a sucrose diet. These studies were supported by topical application studies with 14C labeled aldrin, methoxychlor, and parathion to determine comparable rates of penetration, degradation, and excretion of the xenobiotics in the house fly with a high titre of mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity compared to the black blow fly which has a very low MFO activity. Compared to mean longevities of 30.33 and 29.79 days for M. domestica and P. regina , respectively, the mean longevities in the presence of the xenobiotics in days were: aldrin (10 ppm) M. domestica 14.85. P. regina 25.47; methoxychlor (50 ppm) M. domestica 26.34, P. regina 22.92; and parathion (5 ppm) M. domestica 12.35, P. regina 9.60.
Inverse Planned Hybrid IMRT versus Field-in-Field (FINF) IMRT for Early Stage Breast Cancer: A Dosimetric Comparison and Preliminary Clinical Experience with Hybrid IMRT

dose was much wider in IMRT compared to 3DCRT. This trend indicates that 3DCRT provides more uniform dose distribution compared to IMRT. The difference between the mean doses in both techniques was not statistically significant. For disease sites; brain, H&N and pelvic disease sites, the differences between 3DCRT and IMRT were statistically significant with a p values \0.002 indicating that these two techniques deliver significantly different dose distributions.
Taxonomic Significance of Pseudopodial Development in Living Planktonic Foraminiferida: ABSTRACT

Axopodial development in the Foraminiferida is of prime importance taxonomically. Classification revisions End_Page 642------------------------------ proposed recently by Bovee and Jahn designate axopodia to separate sarcodines at a subclass level. Yet these are only one of several types of pseudopodia seen in planktonic Foraminifera. Living Globigerinidae collected off the southern California coast were observed in agnotobiotic cultures for periods up to three months. Healthy globigerinids exhibit a gradual change in the morphology and function of their pseudopodia which is related to the development and secondary calcification of the whole organism. The pseudopodia differ considerably from those of benthonic Foraminifera, except in the bidirectional protoplasmic movement. Newly formed pseudopodia are short, radiate, anastomosing, and motile, emanating from the sarcode through the test pores. Development of an internal axial core greatly lengthens individual pseudopodia, thereby increasing exposed protoplasmic surface, and providing support for flotation of the organism. The initial axial core is extremely flexible (probably entirely proteinaceous), resulting in tenuous pseudopodia which anastomose distally on contact with one another. Such pseudopodia are readily regenerated following loss by an actively metabolizing young foraminifer. During development, the pseudopodia increase slightly in width and become brittle as calcification hardens the inner core. At this stage, pseudopodia may be broken by handling, rather than tangled as in young specimens. Anastomosing occurs only in a few specimens by means of slender, temporary connections near the pseudopodial tips. There the protoplasm and granular contents commonly flow undisturbed beyond the tapering end of the solidified core to form an actively motile, retractable probe. The pseudopodial granular contents range from numerous large, angular particles in new pseudopodia, to relatively few regular and flattened shapes after calcified cores have developed. Calcification increases pseudopodial core diameter while decreasing pore-opening diameter. This restricts the flow of protoplasm along the pseudopodia, and limits the size and shape of transported particles. Finally, as the axial cores become thicker and heavier, globigerinid pseudopodia no longer anastomose. The cores, originating in protoplasm, are trapped by their expansion in the gradually closing pores to form the "spines" referred to in the literature. The pseudopodia of planktonic Foraminifera thus originate as specialized rhizopodia, which develop into axopodia as growth of the organism proceeds. With such a pseudopodial continuum occurring within one species, classification based on the pseudopodial differences outlined by Bovee and Jahn would cut across specific life cycles. Accordingly, the proposed taxonomy is considered inadequate with regard to the Foraminiferida. End_of_Article - Last_Page 643------------
Modeling and characterization of cloth at sub-millimeter wavelengths

A primary source of "clutter" in sub-millimeter wave and terahertz imagery used in security applications is the random reflections from clothing. In this paper, techniques for modeling and characterizing these reflections are described. This work is motivated and, in part, based on previous work done in support of imaging radar for remote sensing. A first order model of the response of a cloth covered object is described along with a method for performing measurements on draped cloth. The measurement method involves the simultaneous measurement of the sub-millimeter wave response of the cloth and the underlying drape of the cloth. A rigorous model of the scattering from draped cloth is developed and compared with results from the first order model. Conclusions regarding the suitability of the first order model for image simulation and performance predictions are stated.
The use of SD-OCT in the differential diagnosis of dots, spots and other white retinal lesions.

Purpose To demonstrate the utility of a retinal imaging technique using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for creating a B-scan layer-by-layer analysis to aid in the differential diagnosis of various retinal dots, spots, and other white lesions. Design Review. Methods A retrospective review of imaging studies performed with SD-OCT (Topcon, 3DOCT-2000, Oakland, NJ) at SUNY State College of Optometry. Results B-scan layer-by-layer analysis and unique SD-OCT reflectivity patterns of the following retinal white lesions are reviewed in the order of their retinal layer localization: myelinated nerve fiber layer, cotton wool spot, exudates, edema residues, drusen, fundus albipunctatus, Stargardt disease, Bietti crystalline dystrophy, punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), post-photocoagulation chorioretinal scarring, and osseous choristoma. Conclusion The reviewed images demonstrate the utility of SD-OCT in the identification of the unique characteristics of the presented retinal pathologies. SD-OCT is ideal for retinal layer localization of lesions, thus enhancing the differential diagnosis of retinal dots, spots, and other white lesions. Even though true pathognomonic patterns are rare, highly suggestive findings of certain retinal abnormalities often facilitate immediate recognition and diagnosis.
Effect of Zn Substitution on the Crystal Structure of (ND4)2[Cu[Zn](D2O)6](SO4)2

The crystal structures of samples of deuterated ammonium copper(II) sulfate hexahydrate, in which a small fraction of the Cu2+ ions were replaced by Zn2+, have been determined. While the samples with lower Zn2+ concentrations have structures similar to that of the pure Cu2+ compound, the sample with 3.4% Zn2+ substitution has a structure similar to that observed for the unsubstituted compound at 1.5 kbar pressure, in which the long axis of the distorted Cu(D2O)6 2+ ion has switched from one pair of oxygen atoms to another pair.
Modeling the transfer of line edge roughness from an EUV mask to the wafer

Contributions to line edge roughness (LER) from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) masks have recently been shown to be an issue of concern for both the accuracy of current resist evaluation tests as well the ultimate LER requirements for the 22 nm production node. More recently, it has been shown that the power spectral density of the mask-induced roughness is markedly different than that of intrinsic resist roughness and thus potentially serves as a mechanism for distinguishing mask effects from resist effects in experimental results. But the evaluation of stochastic effects in the resist itself demonstrate that such a test would only be viable in cases where the resist effects are completely negligible in terms of their contribution to the total LER compared to the mask effects. Also the results presented here lead us to the surprising conclusion that it is indeed possible for mask contributors to be the dominant source of LER while the spatial characteristics of the LER remain indistinguishable from the fractal characteristics of resist-induced LER.
In vivo analysis of laser preconditioning in incisional wound healing of wild-type and HSP70 knockout mice with Raman spectroscopy.

Background and Objective Laser preconditioning augments incisional wound healing by reducing scar tissue and increasing maximum tensile load of the healed wound [Wilmink et al. (2009) J Invest Dermatol 129(1): 205–216]. Recent studies have optimized treatments or confirmed results using HSP70 as a biomarker. Under the hypothesis that HSP70 plays a role in reported results and to better understand the downstream effects of laser preconditioning, this study utilized a probe-based Raman spectroscopy (RS) system to achieve an in vivo, spatio-temporal biochemical profile of murine skin incisional wounds as a function of laser preconditioning and the presence of HSP70. Study Design/Materials and Methods A total of 19 wild-type (WT) and HSP70 knockout (HSP70−/−) C57BL/6 mice underwent normal and laser preconditioned incisional wounds. Laser thermal preconditioning was conducted via previously established protocol (λ = 1.85 µm, H0 = 7.64 mJ/cm2 per pulse, spot diameter = 5 mm, Rep. rate = 50 Hz, τp = 2 milliseconds, exposure time = 10 minutes) with an Aculight Renoir diode laser, with tissue temperature confirmed by real-time infrared camera measurements. Wound-healing progression was quantified by daily collection of a spatial distribution of Raman spectra. The results of RS findings were then qualified using standard histology and polarization microscopy. Results Raman spectra yielded significant differences (t-test; α =0.05) in several known biochemical peaks between WT and HSP70 (−/−) mice on wounds and in adjacent tissue early in the wound-healing process. Analysis of peak ratios implied (i) an increase in protein configuration in and surrounding the wound in WT mice, and (ii) an increased cellular trend in WT mice that was prolonged due to laser treatment. Polarization microscopy confirmed that laser treated WT mice showed increased heterogeneity in collagen orientation. Conclusions The data herein supports the theory that HSP70 is involved in normal skin protein configuration and the cellularity of early wound healing. Laser preconditioning extends cellular trends in the presence of HSP70. Despite study limitations, RS provided a non-invasive method for quantifying temporal trends in altered wound healing, narrowing candidates and design for future studies with clinically applicable instrumentation. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:233–244, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Regional Technique to Address Land-use Changes and Animal Habitats

Many of the federal agencies of the United States (e.g. US Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management) are involved in making decisions that alter land-use on a massive scale. Subsequently, these land-use changes may have deleterious or beneficial effects on wildlife habitat and its ability to support wildlife species, both plant and animal. There exists an urgent need to develop methodologies that are capable of predicting the consequences, for wildlife species, of regional land-use changes. This study develops one such methodology to predict the distribution and abundance of animal species at a regional level.