cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2,4‐Dibromo‐3‐pentanone

[815-60-1] C5H8Br2O (MW 243.93) InChI = 1S/C5H8Br2O/c1-3(6)5(8)4(2)7/h3-4H,1-2H3 InChIKey = UOPIOAUZQKSZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a good source of the dimethyloxyallyl cation; especially useful for [4 + 3] and [3 + 2] cycloadditions1) Physical Data: bp 194–5 °C/732 mmHg; d 1.771 g cm−3 (18 °C). Solubility: quantitative data unavailable. Sol moderately polar to polar organic solvents. Form Supplied in: not generally commercially available and should be prepared as needed.2, 3 Analysis of Reagent Purity: obtained as a mixture of (+)-, (−)-, and meso isomers which can be assayed by NMR. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: is a powerful lachrymator and a skin irritant. If contact with the skin occurs the affected area should be thoroughly washed with soap followed by a solution of sodium bicarbonate.2
Effect of exogenous interferon on L cells persistently infected with Newcastle disease virus.

Prolonged treatment with relatively high concentrations of interferon was required to “cure” L cells persistently infected with Newcastle disease virus.
Extending Koiter’s Simplified Equations to Shells of Arbitrary Closed Cross Section

The techniques used by Koiter in 1968 to derive a simplified set of linear equilibrium equations for an elastically isotropic circular cylindrical shell in terms of displacements and the associated pointwise error estimate engendered in Love's uncoupled strain-energy density are here extended to derive analogous simplified equilibrium equations and an error estimate for elastically isotropic cylindrical shells of arbitrary closed cross section.
Computational studies of the reactions of CH3I with H and OH

Abstract Transition states for attack by H and OH at the CH and CI bonds of CH 3 I have been characterized at the Gaussian-2 level of theory. The results are employed in transition state theory analyses to obtain ab initio rate constants and product branching ratios. For the H reaction the major pathway is predicted to be I-atom abstraction, while for OH attack H-atom abstraction is faster than HOI formation. The rate constants agree well with measurements at around room temperature and are extrapolated to combustion conditions. The contributions of the title reactions to the flame chemistry of CH 3 I are assessed.
Thrombolysis as an adjunct to angioplasty

Acute coronary occlusion following angioplasty is a significant cause of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Following acute closure, several strategies can be used to reopen the artery, including redilation, adjunctive thrombolysis, or other interventional techniques. Definite indications for thrombolysis as an adjunct to angioplasty include (1) recently occluded saphenous vein grafts, patent native vessels, or saphenous grafts with abundant intracoronary thrombus; and (2) acute closure during angioplasty, which is presumably secondary to thrombus formation and resistant to redilation alone.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis Presenting as Urinary Tract Obstruction in a Renal Transplant Recipient

Disseminated histoplasmosis occasionally involves the kidney, but the infection usually does not cause either urinary symptoms or a decrease in renal function. We present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient who presented with urinary obstruction in the allograft from a sloughed renal papilla infected with the fungus. At the same time the patient had chronic meningitis from Histoplasma capsulatum. The literature on renal involvement with histoplasmosis is reviewed.
Some Reassembly Required

Cells invest a significant amount of their energy synthesizing proteins, and a large portion of the energy expenditure goes into making ribosomes, the RNA-protein machines at the centre of translation. When ribosomes are damaged in a cell, i.e. during stressful conditions, cells must first recognize the damage and then mount a response. Remme et al. show that instead of having to rebuild ribosomes from scratch, bacteria can repair ribosomes by replacing damaged proteins in situ, thereby saving significant time and energy. Given the central role of translation, such repair mechanisms might be widespread in nature.
Probing the Neural Correlates of Anticipated Peer Evaluation in Adolescence

Neural correlates of social-cognition were assessed in 9- to- 17-year-olds (N = 34) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants appraised how unfamiliar peers they had previously identified as being of high or low interest would evaluate them for an anticipated online chat session. Differential age- and sex-related activation patterns emerged in several regions previously implicated in affective processing. These included the ventral striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and insula. In general, activation patterns shifted with age in older relative to younger females but showed no association with age in males. Relating these neural response patterns to changes in adolescent social-cognition enriches theories of adolescent social development through enhanced neurobiological understanding of social behavior.
Cholinesterase levels among agricultural pilots and mixer/loaders

ABSTRACT Agricultural pilots and mixer/loaders are potentially exposed to pesticides, but few studies have assessed the extent of their exposure. This study assessed the work habits and measured the cholin-esterase levels of a group of agricultural pilots and mixer/loaders in a five-county area of northeastern Arkansas, a cotton-growing area. Work habits were ascertained through questionnaires. Cholinesterase levels were measured at baseline and during the active spraying season. Pyrethroids were the predominant pesticides used, although most respondents reported at least some organophosphate use. Most reported having received pesticide training, but few used personal protective equipment. There was no decline in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels associated with pesticide use. These results indicate that agricultural pilots and mixer/loaders in northeastern Arkansas show no evidence of overexpo-sure to AChE inhibitors, suggesting that current pesticide use patterns and work practices are successfully pro...
An objective comparison test of workload management systems

Grid resources are distributed among hundreds of independent grid sites, requiring a higher level Workload Management System (WMS) to be used efficiently. There are several ways to design and implement a WMS, and indeed in recent years several WMSes have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to show how some of these different WMS-es behave under realistic load conditions. We present benchmark test results for three general-purpose WMSes, namely ReSS, gLite WMS and glideinWMS. The results presented have been measured using the same tools for all the tested WMSes, comparing those results against a baseline obtained by using plain Condor-G submissions.
ISOSPIN OF THE A MESONS

With a detailed computation, we show that the collisions of pions and deuterons occur quite often when the two nucleons are separated enough that they cannot interfere in the production of A1,A2 resonances. This strengthens the conclusion that the isospin of A1, A2 is one.
Sustainable and Profitable Management of Even-Aged Loblolly Pine Stands

Abstract Best management practices for loblolly pine stands are summarized in a step-by-step guide. Two charts (one for natural stands and the other for plantations) bring together three key management components: growth information; schedule of recommended operations; and costs and returns of each. The knowledge distilled in these charts will allow foresters and land owners to increase annual returns to $45-47 per acre on a sustainable basis.
Anomaly Detection in Feedback-based Reputation Systems through Temporal and Correlation Analysis

As the value of reputation systems is widely recognized, the incentive to manipulate such systems is rapidly growing. We propose TAUCA, a scheme that identifies malicious users and recovers reputation scores from a novel angle: combination of temporal analysis and user correlation analysis. Benefiting from the rich information in the time-domain, TAUCA identifies the products under attack, the time when attacks occur, and malicious users who insert dishonest ratings. TAUCA and two other representative schemes are tested against real user attack data collected through a cyber competition. TAUCA demonstrates significant advantages. It largely improves the detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate in the detection of malicious users. It also effectively reduces the bias in the recovered reputation scores.
The return of the natural philosopher

John R. Staver’s article calling for a constructivist epistemology to maneuver between the disparate ways of knowing between science and religion prompts this response. This paper acknowledges Staver’s scholarly analysis of the issue. Scientific and religious conflicts do present prominent challenges because these are profound but often-monolithic ways of constructing knowledge. However, my response withholds fully embracing Staver’s call for a constructivist epistemology chiefly because his work goes beyond the confines of constructivism. Conversely, Staver’s call for constructivist epistemology does not go far enough to advance a resolution between science and religion. Why? Because both science and religion often employ hyper-rationality in understanding the world, a process that does little to clarify the world’s complexities. Philosophically, I refrain from accepting a complete schism between the two because such a framing does little to heal a conflict between those who praise the seen and those who praise the unseen. My response explores how hyper-rationality has triumphed over both science and religion, leaving the believer in one, or both, to navigate the journey alone. This article calls for the return of the natural philosopher. Utilizing this nineteenth-century term for scientist, this paper calls for an inquirer, one who can rise above the ideologies of science and religion to observe the current concerns of each field anew. Finally, taking a cue from Staver, this response introduces a potential discourse between science and religion in ways that each may, without embracing a variant ideology, make space for dialogue and mutual respect.
A dynamic modeling approach to simulating socioeconomic effects on landscape changes

Abstract Modeling and simulating the effects of human factors on landscape change remain as challenges for ecological studies. In this paper, we present a dynamic landscape simulation (DLS) approach to elucidate human-induced landscape changes for a 5104 km2 study area within the Chicago metropolitan region. The DLS consists of an urban growth simulation submodel and a land-cover simulation submodel. This approach simulates urban land-use expansion by incorporating socioeconomic and demographic data and predicts changes in the landscape as a result of urban expansion. A utility function of spatial choice and a methodology for the construction of that utility function were developed to execute the process. The approach, with dynamic adjustment of transition structures (i.e. the transition potentials, threshold and rate), overcomes the shortcomings of static and statistical models that use a constant transition probability in simulation modeling. It also allows selected economic principles to be integrated into landscape simulation. In this study, historical land-cover and census data were applied to derive transition thresholds and transition rates of the land cover changes. Comparison of the 1997 land-cover maps derived by a DLS simulation and by the classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) remotely sensed data indicated that a 62.3% overall agreement was achieved among the changed areas. Landscape simulations of the study area from 1997 to 2020 at 5 year time interval were prepared. The results depicted the trends of landscape change in this large urban setting area.
Choice of Hospital for Revision Total Hip Replacement

Background: Little is known about how often patients have revision total hip replacement in the same hospital in which they had the primary procedure. Methods: We examined Medicare claims data to identify patients who had primary total hip replacement from July 1995 to June 1996 and subsequently had revision through December 31, 2006. We examined whether the revision was performed in the same or different hospital from the primary procedure, with different hospitals being categorized as being in a lower, a higher, or the same hospital volume stratum. Hospital strata included twenty-five or fewer cases of total hip replacement annually in the Medicare population, twenty-six to fifty cases, fifty-one to 100 cases, and >100 cases. We calculated the number of revisions generated (primary procedures eventuating in revision) by hospitals in each volume stratum and the number of revisions performed in these hospitals. Results: Of 4448 revision procedures, 3306 (74%) were performed in hospitals in the same volume stratum as the hospital where the primary procedure was performed. Four hundred twenty-nine revisions (9.6%) were performed in a lower-volume hospital, and 713 (16%) were performed in a higher-volume hospital. Thirty-one (3%) of 960 patients who had revision within one year after the primary total hip replacement had the revision in a lower-volume center, compared with 204 (15%) of 1393 who had revision more than six years after the primary procedure (odds ratio = 4.6 ; 95% confidence interval, 3.0 to 6.8). The ratio of revisions performed to revisions generated was 1.21 for the highest-volume centers and 0.86 for the lowest-volume centers. Conclusions: Of 4448 revisions examined in this study, 429 (<10%) were performed in centers with a lower volume oftotal hip replacement than the center at which the initial hip replacement was performed, whereas 713 (16%) were performed in higher-volume centers. Higher-volume centers performed 21% more revisions than they generated (531 revisions performed, compared with 438 generated). These data will help to inform health-care policy with regard to the utilization of resources for revision total hip replacement.
A clinical comparison of the performance of four blood glucose reagent strips

Abstract The widespread use of visually read blood glucose reagent strips for initiation of emergent treatment of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia has produced concern over the accuracy of this method. This study evaluated the accuracy of Chemstrip bG (Bio-Dynamics, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN), Dextrostix (Ames, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, IN), Glucostix (Ames), and Visidex II (Ames) as compared with hospital laboratory values in an emergency department (ED) setting. Blood samples from 96 ED patients were tested for glucose concentration by each of the four strips and by the hospital laboratory. Each strip was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, correlation coefficient ( r ), 95% confidence intervals, and kappa statistic (κ 1 a measure of agreement between nonparametric data) using laboratory values as reference. In addition, six observers scored each strip for ease of interpretation using an ordinal scale of 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). From the samples, no patients were hypoglycemic (≤60 mg/dL), 83 were euglycemic (>60 and r value for Dextrostix is in part artifact due to limitation of its range of measurement to ≤250 mg/dL. Decreased accuracy for all strips in the hyperglycemic range may have been attributable to small sample size. Chemstrip bG and Visidex II were found to be subjectively easier to interpret. The authors conclude that Chemstrip bG, Visidex II, and Glucostix are suitable for use in an ED setting. Accuracy in the hypoglycemic range warrants clinical study.
Galerkin finite element derivation for vibration of a thermopiezoelectric structure

Abstract A solution for the equations governing dynamic thermopiezoelectric behavior is assumed in the form of an exponential e i ( kz + m θ + ω t ) . The resulting formulation is reduced to one-dimension and will have both real and imaginary parts. The Galerkin method and assumed shape functions are used to illustrate the formulation of the resulting eigenvalue problem.
A way forward for fire-caused tree mortality prediction: modeling a physiological consequence of fire.

Current operational methods for predicting tree mortality from fire injury are regression-based models that only indirectly consider underlying causes and, thus, have limited generality. A better understanding of the physiological consequences of tree heating and injury are needed to develop biophysical process models that can make predictions under changing or novel conditions. As an illustration of the benefits that may arise from including physiological processes in models of fire-caused tree mortality, we develop a testable, biophysical hypothesis for explaining pervasive patterns in conifer injury and functional impairment in response to fires. We use a plume model to estimate vapor pressure deficits (D) in tree canopies during surface fires and show that D are sufficiently high to cause embolism in canopy branches. The potential implications of plume conditions and tree response are discussed.
COMMUNITY RESPONSE OF NONTARGET SPECIES TO HERBICIDE APPLICATION AND REMOVAL OF THE NONINDIGENOUS INVADER POTENTILLA RECTA L.

Our main objective was to improve understanding of herbicide effects on community dynamics to refine the use of technology and advance the development of ecologically based weed management strategies. We hypothesized that native grasslands would exhibit reductions in culturally sensitive forb cover, biomass, and density rel- ative to the rate of application of selective rangeland herbicides, and that hand-removal of sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) would increase indigenous species cover, biomass, density, species richness, and diversity. Treatments consisted of 3 rates each of 2,4-D + clopyralid (0.28 kg ai ⋅ ha-1 + 0.0532 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.56 kg ai ⋅ ha-1 + 0.1064 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.84 kg ai ⋅ ha-1 + 0.1596 kg ai ⋅ ha-1); 2,4-D amine (0.532 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 1.064 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 1.596 kg ai ⋅ ha-1); metsulfuron (0.0042 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.021 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.032 kg ai ⋅ ha-1); picloram (0.14 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.28 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.56 kg ai ⋅ ha-1); and clopyralid (0.05025 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.21 kg ai ⋅ ha-1, 0.42 kg ai ⋅ ha-1). This experiment was replicated 3 times at 2 late- seral, noninfested sites in southeastern Montana. In a companion study, sulfur cinquefoil was removed adjacent to paired nonremoved controls in 5 replicates at 2 sites in 1-m2 plots for 2 growing seasons. Canopy cover, density, and bio- mass were collected 24 months after initial treatment at all sites. Indigenous perennial grass cover and biomass increased with herbicide application; however, picloram, metsulfuron, and clopyralid reduced native forb density at 1 site, and picloram reduced forb cover at both sites regardless of rate. Effects of herbicides on species richness or diver- sity were not detected. Hand-removing sulfur cinquefoil increased total plant richness, especially that of native forbs. Restoring species richness and diversity may be difficult using selective broadleaf herbicides because key functional groups, such as forbs, appear to be at risk.
Phrase Length and the Type and Severity of Aphasia

Summary Three major syndromes of aphasia are repeatedly described in the neurological literature, characterized chiefly by the nature of changes in the speech pattern. The terms Wernicke's aphasia, Broca's aphasia, and amnesic aphasia are generally understood, but have slipped out of popularity. Terminology based on the distinction between language input and output has become popular, but actually does not correspond well to the syndromes and raises false issues concerning them. Moreover, the chief distinguishing characteristics of these syndromes are elusive to objective testing and have been ignored in factor analytic studies. In this study, a series of rating scales was used in place of objective scores and each of the syndromes was defined by a profile of ratings. High reliability of diagnostic classification was obtained by this means, after impressionistic classification on the basis of a check list proved grossly unreliable. An objective index of length of uninterrupted word-sequences was found to produce a sharp dichotomy in the aphasic population, separating Broca's aphasics from Wernicke and amnesic aphasics. This objective measure was reliably reproduced by several of the rating scales, including one which explicity required a judgment as to the longest number of uninterrupted words in nonstereotyped sequences. Physical signs of localization — i.e., presence of hemiplegia — and operative findings corresponded to the differences in the speech profiles. Severity of aphasia must be taken into account, since the profile offers no differentiation among patients who have recovered to a level of mild or slight residual aphasia. Natural and artificial factors influencing the distribution of different types of aphasia must also be considered in interpreting test results from unselected aphasic groups. Such selective factors may produce artifactual correlations or else obscure fundamental relationships.
Spectral line parameters for the A2∑-X2Π(0,0) band of OH for atmospheric and high temperatures

Abstract Individual spectral line parameters including line positions, strengths, and intensities, have been generated for the A 2 ∑- X 2 Π(0,0) band of OH, applicable to atmospheric and high temperatures. Energy levels and transition frequencies are calculated by numerically diagonalizing the Hamiltonian. Line strengths are calculated using the dipole matrix and eigenvectors derived from energy matrix diagonalization. The line strengths are compared to those calculated from previously published algebraic line strength formulas. Tables of line parameters are presented for 240 and 4600°K.
The tensile ductility of Fe-3.5Si at elevated temperatures: impurity effects

Influence de la teneur en soufre (20 a 80 ppm), en carbone (20 a 100 ppm) et en phosphore (70 a 130 ppm) sur la ductilite de l'alliage soumis a des essais de traction entre 500 et 800 C. Analyse par microscopie electronique a balayage des surfaces de rupture dans des eprouvettes entaillees rompues a 77 K. Etude du role des impuretes sur le mecanisme de rupture
Performance Evaluation of Elastic GALS Interfaces and Network Fabric

This paper reports on the design of a test chip built to test a) a new latency insensitive network fabric protocol and circuits, b) a new synchronizer design, and c) how efficiently one can synchronize into a clocked domain when elastic interfaces are utilized. Simulations show that the latency insensitive network allows excellent characterization of network performance in terms of the cost of routing, amount of blocking due to congestion, and message buffering. The network routers show that peak performance near 100% link utilization is achieved under congestion and combining. This enables accurate high-level modeling of the behavior of the network fabric so that optimized network design, including placement and routing, can occur through high-level network synthesis tools. The chip also shows that when elastic interfaces are used at the boundary of clock synchronization points then efficient domain crossings can occur. Buffering at the synchronization points are required to allow for variability in clocking frequencies and correct data transmission. The asynchronous buffering and synchronization scheme is shown to perform over four times faster than the clocked interface.
Securing VoIP Services in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service has been a very popular and important application over the Internet. Wireless VoIP also becomes more and more popular due to its features of low cost and convenience. Recently, wireless mesh network has been considered as a good solution for VoIP services since it is easy to deploy and provides a larger area coverage. However, the security and performance are the main challenges. In this work, we focus on the security issues and present a new protocol for securing the voice traffic over the wireless mesh network, including the client authentication, intermediate mesh nodes authentication to ensure secure multi-hop communication, voice traffic confidentiality and secure optimal routing selection by using the probing packets.
Efficient checking of temporal integrity constraints using bounded history encoding

We present an efficient implementation method for temporal integrity constraints formulated in Past Temporal Logic. Although the constraints can refer to past states of the database, their checking does not require that the entire database history be stored. Instead, every database state is extended with auxiliary relations that contain the historical information necessary for checking constraints. Auxiliary relations can be implemented as materialized relational views.
Doped Mott Insulators Are Insulators: Hole Localization in the Cuprates

We demonstrate that a Mott insulator lightly doped with holes is still an insulator at low temperature even without disorder. Hole localization obtains because the chemical potential lies in a pseudogap which has a vanishing density of states at zero temperature. The energy scale for the pseudogap is set by the nearest-neighbor singlet-triplet splitting. As this energy scale vanishes if transitions, virtual or otherwise, to the upper Hubbard band are not permitted, the fundamental length scale in the pseudogap regime is the average distance between doubly occupied sites. Consequently, the pseudogap is tied to the noncommutativity of the two limits $U\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ ($U$ the on-site Coulomb repulsion) and $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ (the system size).
Real-time, parallel segmentation of high-resolution images on multi-core platforms

Many high-level vision applications apply image segmentation during preprocessing to improve their overall execution efficiency. The applied segmentation technique must, therefore, be highly efficient, or otherwise would counteract any system performance improvement. Existing segmentation approaches often fail to meet real-time processing standards and exhibit extremely slow frame rates when applied to high-resolution images. This paper presents a highly optimized serial implementation of a novel image segmentation approach known as leap segmentation, which achieves frame rates exceeding that of the state-of-the art: it segments more than 80 fps on 640 × 360 images and more than 20 fps on high-resolution (1,280 × 720) images. (All images used for evaluation in this paper use a 24-bit red-green-blue color representation with 8 bits per color). We analyze leap segmentation further for areas of possible parallelization and restructure it for use on a parallel processing system to achieve additional speed-up. On a multi-core, mobile processing system with four threads, our multi-core leap segmentation implementation achieves frame rates of over 114 fps on 640 × 360 images and more than 31 fps on 1,280 × 720 images, thus easily exceeding real-time processing standards.
Chromosome numbers of miscellaneous Malagasy Acanthaceae

Abstract Meiotic chromosome numbers are reported for 12 species in eight genera of Acanthaceae from Madagascar. Chromosome numbers of 11 species are reported for the first time. Counts in Mendoncia (n = 19) and Neuracanthus (n = 20) are the first for these genera. A new chromosome number (n = 30) is reported in Justicia. Systematic implications of the chromosome counts are addressed and basic chromosome numbers for these eight genera of Malagasy Acanthaceae are discussed.
Multirate Estimation for Discrete Processes Under Multirate Noise With Application to the Grinding Process

Asynchronous measurement of process output characterizes a series of discrete process cycles in batch production. A multirate Kalman filtering scheme was proposed by Lee (2008, "Estimation Strategy for a Series of Grinding Cycles in Batch Production, " IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol., 16(3, pp. 556―561)) for estimating immeasurable variables through integration of other sensor signals with postprocess inspection data. In this paper, a new state-space model structure for a series of discrete process cycles is proposed based on a semicontinuous system under the process noise of multiple frequencies due to the within-cycle drift and the cycle-to-cycle variation. An improvement is made to the previous estimation scheme by deriving the propagation of estimation errors between consecutive cycles under the multirate noise. Following a simulation demonstrating the advantage of the proposed change, experiments are conducted on an actual grinding process to validate the estimation scheme.
Making Music Together While Growing Older: Further Reflections on Intersubjectivity

I am deeply gratified to have been asked to give the Alfred Schutz Memorial Lecture, an occasion that is something of a homecoming for me. Not only was I privileged to have studied with this great and gentle man, albeit merely for a brief three semesters just before his untimely death in 1959, but my very first published article was devoted to Schutz, and, more's the wonder, it was an effort to make sense of his understanding of intersubjectivity,2 published in the Spring (Zaner, 1961 ), at the same time I received my doctorate (and the first Alfred Schutz award for the outstanding dissertation) from the Graduate Faculty of The New School.
Functional sequelae of cavernous nerve injury in the rat: is there model dependency.

ABSTRACT Introduction The rat model of cavernous nerve (CN) injury has been developed in an effort to define the functional and structural consequences of neural trauma in the corpus cavernosum. However, there is no universally accepted method of inducing nerve injury in this model, with neurotomy and crush models being used currently. To address this issue, we induced CN injury using various techniques in an effort to compare the hemodynamic sequelae of these injuries. Methods Twenty‐five adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups: (1) control: laparotomy only; (2) exposure: laparotomy and exposure of cavernous nerves bilaterally without nerve manipulation; (3) neurotomy; bilateral neurotomy; (4) bulldog crush: bilateral nerve crush with bulldog vascular clamp; and (5) hemostat nerve crush: bilateral nerve crush with a hemostat. Ten days later, a second operation was performed during which systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured in response to CN stimulation proximal to the site of injury. Hemodynamic endpoints assessed included ICP/MAP ratio, rate of tumescence, and rate of detumescence. Results The ICP/MAP ratio (mean ± 95% confidence interval) in the control group was 70 ± 4%. ICP/MAP ratios were significantly reduced in all CN injury groups compared with control group: exposure: 41 ± 10% ( P P P P Conclusion No significant difference in the magnitude and consistency of hemodynamic alterations has been demonstrated in all CN injury models assessed in this study. Mullerad M, Donohue JF, Li PS, Scardino PT, and Mulhall JP. Functional sequelae of cavernous nerve injury in the rat: Is there model dependency. J Sex Med 2006;3:77–83.
Visual recognition impairment follows ventromedial but not dorsolateral prefrontal lesions in monkeys

Visual recognition in monkeys appears to involve the participation of two limbothalamic pathways, one including the amygdala and the magnocellular portion of the medial dorsal nucleus (MDmc) and the other, the hippocampus and the anterior nuclei of the thalamus (Ant N). Both MDmc and Ant N project, in turn, to the prefrontal cortex, mainly to its ventral and medial portions. To test whether the prefrontal projection targets of the two limbothalamic pathways also participate in memory functions, performance on a variety of learning and memory tasks was assessed in monkeys with lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Group VM). Normal monkeys and monkeys with lesions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Group DL) served as controls. Group VM was severely impaired on a test of object recognition, whereas Group DL did not differ appreciably from normal animals. Conversely, the animals in Group VM were able to learn a spatial delayed response task, whereas 2 of the 3 animals in Group DL could not. Neither group was impaired in the acquisition of visual discrimination habits, even though the successive trials on a given discrimination were separated by 24-h intervals. The patterns of deficit suggest that ventromedial prefrontal cortex constitutes another station in the limbothalamic system underlying cognitive memory processes, whereas the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lies outside this system. The results support the view that the classical delayed-response deficit observed after dorsolateral prefrontal lesions represents a perceptuo-mnemonic impairment in spatial functions selectively rather than a memory loss of a more general nature.
Nursing Assessment of Altered Sexuality: A Review of Salient Factors and Objective Measures

TOPIC.Nursing assessment of altered sexuality. PURPOSE.To review salient factors affecting assessment and objective measures available for use in assessment. SOURCE.Literature specific to nursing assessment of sexuality and to instruments measuring altered sexuality. CONCLUSIONS.Many standards of care include the assessment of sexuality, and nurses believe it to be an important aspect of care. However, the assessment of altered sexuality does not often occur in actual practice. The use of an objective measure of sexuality is recommended for both initial and on-going assessments in acute-care and community-based settings.
Peyer's Patch Dendritic Cells Process Viral Antigen from Apoptotic Epithelial Cells in the Intestine of Reovirus-infected Mice

We explored the role of Peyer's patch (PP) dendritic cell (DC) populations in the induction of immune responses to reovirus strain type 1 Lang (T1L). Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of T1L structural (sigma1) and nonstructural (sigmaNS) proteins in PPs of T1L-infected mice. Cells in the follicle-associated epithelium contained both sigma1 and sigmaNS, indicating productive viral replication. In contrast, sigma1, but not sigmaNS, was detected in the subepithelial dome (SED) in association with CD11c(+)/CD8alpha(-)/CD11b(lo) DCs, suggesting antigen uptake by these DCs in the absence of infection. Consistent with this possibility, PP DCs purified from infected mice contained sigma1, but not sigmaNS, and PP DCs from uninfected mice could not be productively infected in vitro. Furthermore, sigma1 protein in the SED was associated with fragmented DNA by terminal deoxy-UTP nick-end labeling staining, activated caspase-3, and the epithelial cell protein cytokeratin, suggesting that DCs capture T1L antigen from infected apoptotic epithelial cells. Finally, PP DCs from infected mice activated T1L-primed CD4(+) T cells in vitro. These studies show that CD8alpha(-)/CD11b(lo) DCs in the PP SED process T1L antigen from infected apoptotic epithelial cells for presentation to CD4(+) T cells, and therefore demonstrate the cross-presentation of virally infected cells by DCs in vivo during a natural viral infection.
Adult judgments of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescent moral reasoning.

The ability of adults to accurately perceive the differences in moral judgments of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents was the primary purpose of this study. One hundred forty-six adult college students were randomly assigned to one of five experimental conditions and asked to complete Rest'sDefining Issues Test (DIT). In one condition, the participants were asked to respond to theDIT as themselves. For the remaining four conditions, participants were to take different perspectives. Results indicated that adults are capable of perceiving differences between the moral reasoning of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Further, adults tend to recommend higher level moral arguments for presentation to delinquent adolescents than the perceived level of functioning of delinquents of this age level.
Diffusion of ethylbenzene in molten polystyrene

Mutual diffusion coefficients are measured for the ethylbenzene-polystyrene system for the temperature range of 115.5°–178°C and for concentrations as high as 70 wt-% ethylbenzene. Experiments were carried out using a quartz spring sorption apparatus which was modified for high-temperature measurements. The diffusivity data are compared with the predictions of a recently developed free-volume theory of polymer-solvent diffusion.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the type III secretion translocator chaperone SicA from Salmonella enterica

SicA is a member of the class II chaperones in type III secretion systems which bind to the pore-forming translocators in the bacterial cytoplasm and prevent them from premature association and degradation. In this study, SicA from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was overexpressed, purified and crystallized using PEG 8000 as the precipitant. X-ray diffraction data were collected using synchrotron radiation and processed at 3.5 A resolution. The crystal belonged to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 180.4, b = 94.1, c = 131.8 A, β = 130.9°. There may be eight monomers in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, corresponding to a V M of 2.52 A3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 51.1%. This suggests an oligomerization state that differs from those of previously reported type III secretion chaperones.
Molecular to atomic phase transition in hydrogen under high pressure.

The metallization of high-pressure hydrogen, together with the associated molecular to atomic transition, is one of the most important problems in the field of high-pressure physics. It is also currently a matter of intense debate due to the existence of conflicting experimental reports on the observation of metallic hydrogen on a diamond-anvil cell. Theoretical calculations have typically relied on a mean-field description of electronic correlation through density functional theory, a theory with well-known limitations in the description of metal-insulator transitions. In fact, the predictions of the pressure-driven dissociation of molecules in high-pressure hydrogen by density functional theory is strongly affected by the chosen exchange-correlation functional. In this Letter, we use quantum Monte Carlo calculations to study the molecular to atomic transition in hydrogen. We obtain a transition pressure of 447(3) GPa, in excellent agreement with the best experimental estimate of the transition 450 GPa based on an extrapolation to zero band gap from experimental measurements. Additionally, we find that $C2/c$ is stable almost up to the molecular to atomic transition, in contrast to previous density functional theory (DFT) and $\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{quantum}$ Monte Carlo studies which predict large stability regimes for intermediary molecular phases.
The crystal structure of a complement-1q family protein suggests an evolutionary link to tumor necrosis factor

ACRP30--adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa or AdipoQ--is an abundant serum protein, secreted exclusively from fat cells, which is implicated in energy homeostasis and obesity [1,2]. ACRP30 is a close homologue of the complement protein C1q, which is involved in the recognition of microbial surfaces [3-5] and antibody-antigen complexes [6,7] in the classical pathway of complement. We have determined the crystal structure of a homotrimeric fragment from ACRP30 at 2.1 A resolution. The structure reveals an unexpected homology to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. Identical folding topologies, key residue conservations, and similarity of trimer interfaces and intron positions firmly establish an evolutionary link between the TNF and C1q families. We suggest that TNFs--which control many aspects of inflammation, adaptive immunity, apoptosis and energy homeostasis--arose by divergence from a primordial recognition molecule of the innate immune system. The evolutionary connection between C1q-like proteins and TNFs illuminates the shared functions of these two important groups of proteins.
Magneto-induced microwave conductivity in Mn2+-doped silicate glass

Abstract A non-resonant microwave absorption induced by low magnetic field (magneto-induced microwave conductivity) was observed in Na 2 O–CaO–MgO–SiO 2 glasses doped with Mn in addition to the usual EPR signal of Mn 2+ . The non-resonant response increases with the increase of Mn 2+ concentration in glasses. In contrast to the EPR signal, the magnitude of non-resonant absorption does not show saturation at high microwave power and grows much faster as the temperature decreases. The magneto-induced microwave conductivity in the glass dielectric is explained by the magnetic field-dependent electron tunneling between non-bridging oxygen ions adjacent to paramagnetic Mn 2+ ions. The high probability of tunneling is provided by aligning the electron spins in Mn 2+ and adjacent non-bridging oxygen ions in the external magnetic field.
Diminished capacity to modulate motor activation patterns according to task contributes to thumb deficits following stroke

The objective of this study was to explore motor impairment of the thumb following stroke. More specifically, we quantitatively examined kinetic deficits of the thumb. We anticipated that force def...
Categories of fuzzy sets

In this paper we look at two categories, the category ℱ of fuzzy subsets and a quotient category ℱ/ℳ of fuzzy sets. The category ℱ/ℳ is an extension of the category of sets, and the standard constructions in fuzzy set theory arise naturally within this category.
Systematic measurements of peptide adsorption in hydrophobic chromatography

A systematic study has been made of peptide retention in reversed phase and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Measurements have been made for a range of peptides under varied surface hydrophobicity, peptide structure, peptide charge, cosolvent concentration, temperature, pH, and concentration of added salt. The conditions and peptides have been organized so that, for at least three peptides, only a single variable is changed. These stepwise variations should provide benchmark data to validate molecular models and computer simulations that predict adsorption and retention in hydrophobic media from biochemical structure and a minimum of adjustable parameters.
Synthesis and properties of A4B6 cyclooligomeric receptors

Abstract The highly selective peptide-binding properties of A 4 B 6 macrotricyclic receptors are not limited to previous structures where B = trans -1,2-diaminocyclohexane as we demonstrate by preparation and study of new A 4 B′ 6 receptors derived from acyclic diamines.
The ATLAS pixel front-end readout chips

Abstract Large advances have been made over the last three years in the development of the front-end readout electronics for the ATLAS (Atlas Tech. Proposal, The ATLAS Collaboration CERN/LHCC/94-43) Pixel (Inner Detector TDR, The ATLAS Collaboration CERN/LHCC/ 97-17) Tracker. I describe here the Pixel Demonstrator Programme, the initial phase of which involved the production of two realistic ATLAS prototype front-end readout chips using non-radiation tolerent processes (AMS BiCMOS and HP CMOS, both 0.8 μm ). In the next phase of the programme, a single front-end design was fabricated in a radiation-hard technology (0.8 μm DMILL).Subsequent evaluations of this chip are also discussed herein.
The role of cognitive appraisal and friendship provisions in adolescents' affect and motivation toward activity in physical education.

Abstract This study investigated the mediational role of affect in the influence of perceived success, causal attributions, and friendship provisions on choice and future expectancies for success and enjoyment, using a multi-sample structural equation modeling approach. Subjects were 422 seventh- and eighth-grade students participating in physical education classes. Higher levels of perceived success, personally controllable attributions, companionship, and esteem support were found to positively influence levels of affect experienced, which in turn enhanced future expectancies for success and enjoyment in physical education and choices to participate in physical activity outside of school. Furthermore, participation experience outside of school influenced, adolescents' perceptions within the physical education setting and their consequent affect and motivation.
Reaping of nitric oxide by sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disease among African Americans, with an 8% incidence of the trait among this population. This autosomal recessive disorder involves a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of hemoglobin, forming an abnormal protein (hemoglobin S) that after deoxygenation results in polymerization and the consequent characteristic sickle-like shape of the erythrocytes. The pathogenesis of this disease has classically been attributed to the effects of passage of the rigid malformed cells through the vasculature resulting in abnormal blood flow caused by physical trapping or increased adhesion of the sickled cell to the microvascular endothelium, commonly referred to as vaso-occlusive crisis. Perfusion abnormalities are well documented in the clinical literature, and there is good evidence that a complex array of inflammatory events are also involved, including increased levels of circulating cytokines, up-regulation of cellular adhesion-related receptors, and appearance of activated macrophages and leukocytes, which results in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1). Recognition of the importance of these events has lead to the recent inclusion of SCD as a chronic inflammatory disease (2). It has been speculated that an important consequence of this sequence of events is a defect in the actions of nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide, NO), which will further exacerbate the syndrome by means of an array of effects (1–3). In a recent issue of PNAS, a report from B. Freeman and collaborators at the Center for Free Radical Biology at the University of …
Calcium-dependent postsynaptic exocytosis: a possible mechanism for activity-dependent synaptic modulation.

Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ level in the postsynaptic cell is critical for the induction of many forms of activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Based on our recent evidence that in muscle cells and fibroblasts constitutive exocytosis is increased by elevating cytosolic Ca2+ levels, we hypothesize that Ca2+ -dependent exocytosis at the postsynaptic site may provide a mechanism for a localized, activitt-dependent synaptic modulation. 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Ross-Dunlop debate and union wage concessions: A median voter analysis

The Ross-Dunlop debate concerns the extent to which unions take into account the trade-off between wages and employment in formulating their wage demands. This paper develops a median voter model of union behavior that offers a new approach to resolving the Ross-Dunlop debate. The model shows that when the binding constraint on the median union member in the seniority distribution is the threat of layoff, the union will behave as a “Dunlop-type” union; when the binding constraint is the cost of striking, the union will behave as a “Ross-type” union. The model is then applied to the related issue of union wage concessions. Two questions are examined: Under what conditions will a union agree to wage concessions? How large a cut in wages will be accepted?