cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subtle linguistic cues influence perceived blame and financial liability

When bad things happen, how do we decide who is to blame and how much they should be punished? In the present studies, we examined whether subtly different linguistic descriptions of accidents influence how much people blame and punish those involved. In three studies, participants judged how much people involved in particular accidents should be blamed and how much they should have to pay for the resulting damage. The language used to describe the accidents differed subtly across conditions: Either agentive (transitive) or nonagentive (intransitive) verb forms were used. Agentive descriptions led participants to attribute more blame and request higher financial penalties than did nonagentive descriptions. Further, linguistic framing influenced judgments, even when participants reasoned about a well-known event, such as the “wardrobe malfunction” of Super Bowl 2004. Importantly, this effect of language held, even when people were able to see a video of the event. These results demonstrate that even when people have rich established knowledge and visual information about events, linguistic framing can shape event construal, with important real-world consequences. Subtle differences in linguistic descriptions can change how people construe what happened, attribute blame, and dole out punishment. Supplemental results and analyses may be downloaded from http://pbr.psychonomic-journals .org/content/supplemental.
Comparison of the roles of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα in cell culture and murine models of aseptic loosening

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF, are considered to be major mediators of osteolysis and ultimately aseptic loosening. This study demonstrated that synergistic interactions among these cytokines are required for the in vitro stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by titanium particles. In contrast, genetic knock out of these cytokines or their receptors does not protect murine calvaria from osteolysis induced by titanium particles. Thus, the extent of osteolysis was not substantially altered in single knock out mice lacking either the IL-1 receptor or IL-6. Osteolysis also was not substantially altered in double knock out mice lacking both the IL-1 receptor and IL-6 or in double knock out mice lacking both TNF receptor-1 and TNF receptor-2. The differences between the in vivo and the cell culture results make it difficult to conclude whether the pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to aseptic loosening. One alternative is that in vivo experiments are more physiological and that therefore the current results do not support a role for the pro-inflammatory cytokines in aseptic loosening. We however favor the alternative that, in this case, the cell culture experiments can be more informative. We favor this alternative because the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines may be obscured in vivo by compensation by other cytokines or by the low signal to noise ratio found in measurements of particle-induced osteolysis.
RECOMBINATION AND RECOMBINATION-DEPENDENT DNA REPLICATION IN BACTERIOPHAGE T4

General recombination is essential for growth of phage T4, because origin initiation of DNA replication is inactivated during development, and recombination-dependent initiation is necessary for continuing DNA replication. The requirement of recombination for T4 growth has apparently been a driving force to acquire and maintain multiple recombination mechanisms. This requirement makes this phage an excellent model to analyze several recombination mechanisms that appear redundant under optimal growth conditions but become essential under other conditions, or at different stages of the developmental program. The most important substrate for wild-type T4 recombination is single-stranded DNA generated by incomplete replication of natural or artificial chromosomal ends, or by nucleolytic degradation from induced breaks, or nicks. Recombination circumvents the further erosion of such ends. There are multiple proteins and multiple pathways to initiate formation of recombinants (by single-strand annealing or by strand invasion) and to convert recombinational intermediates into final recombinants ("cut and paste" or "cut and package"), or to initiate extensive DNA replication by "join-copy" or "join-cut-copy" mechanisms. Most T4 recombination is asymmetrical, favoring the initiation of replication. In wild-type T4 these pathways are integrated with physiological changes of other DNA transactions: mainly replication, transcription, and packaging. DNA replication and packaging enzymes participate in recombination, and recombination intermediates supply substrates for replication and packaging. The replicative recombination pathways are also important for transmission of intron DNA to intronless genomes ("homing"), and are implicated in horizontal transfer of foreign genes during evolution of the T-even phages. When horizontal transfer involves heteroduplex formation and repair, it is intrinsically mutagenic and contributes to generation of species barriers between phages.
Constitutive nitric oxide synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

After removing nonspecific immunoreactivities from crude extract by immunoaffinity chromatography, an immunoreactive-band at 60 kDa of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected by Western blot using mouse monoclonal anti-neuronal NOS (cNOS). The activity of yeast cNOS, which was prepared by either histone-agarose chromatography or anti-neuronal NOS immunoprecipitation, was monitored by the formation of citrulline. Yeast cNOS was activated in the presence of calmodulin and arginine, whereas it was inhibited by L-NAME, a mammalian NOS inhibitor. Moreover, actinomycin-D decreased the extracellular and the intracellular levels of nitrate and nitrite which had been converted from NO. The results suggest that cNOS occurs in unicellular eukaryotes and the enzyme activity can be regulated.
Capacity of wireless networks with heterogeneous traffic under physical model

The throughput capacity of wireless ad hoc networks is derived when the traffic is heterogeneous but the node distribution is homogeneous. For the heterogeneous traffic we consider two types of traffic in the network, namely, unicast and data gathering communications. There are k sources that send different data to a single node and the rest of n-k nodes in the network participate in unicast communications with a uniform assignment of source-destination pairs. Under the physical model, it is proved that the capacity of these heterogeneous networks is Θ open brackets n over Tmax close brackets, where T max and n denote the maximum traffic for a cell and the number of nodes in the network, respectively. The result demonstrates that the capacity is dominated by the maximum congestion in any area of the network. More specifically, the network capacity is equal to Θ open brackets radical of n over log n close brackets for k equal O open brackets radical of n multiple log n close brackets and equal to Θ open brackets n over k close brackets for k equal omega open brackets radical of n multiple log n close brackets.
Analysis of ``Dot Product Space'' Shape Descriptions

A convenient representation for blob-like figures in an image consists of the orientation, length, and width of a bounding rect-angle. One fast algorithm for producing such a bounding rectangle is based upon a dot product space. The analysis of the dot product space shape representation is improved to handle certain pathological cases, and it is shown how to generalize this analysis to accommodate different criteria for the goodness of the representation.
Risk‐Based Software Estimation

Estimation for software projects is, by nature, a high-risk endeavor because every software project is unique. In contrast to replication in construction and manufacturing, software replication is a trivial process that can be accomplished with very little effort. Every software project thus involves some degree of novelty and innovation. In addition, a software project is rarely conducted under identical circumstances and environmental factors as previous projects. Novelty, innovation, changing circumstances, and different environmental factors make every software project different from every other software project; these factors also make it difficult to provide accurate estimates for software projects. This article describes some widely used estimation methods, points out how estimation risk can be dealt with when using these methods, and provides a format for recording and communicating estimates that emphasizes the risk factors in an estimate. Keywords: definition; estimation methods; models; size estimation; SLIM; COCOMO
Observations of the scale-dependent turbulence and evaluation of the flux-gradient relationship for sensible heat for a closed Douglas-fir canopy in very weak wind conditions

Observations of the scale-dependent turbulent fluxes, variances, and the bulk transfer parameterization for sensible heat above, within, and beneath a tall closed Douglas-fir canopy in very weak winds are examined. The daytime sub-canopy vertical velocity spectra exhibit a double-peak structure with peaks at timescales of 0.8 s and 51.2 s. A double-peak structure is also observed in the daytime sub-canopy heat flux co-spectra. The daytime mo- mentum flux co-spectra in the upper bole space and in the sub-canopy are characterized by a relatively large cross- wind component, likely due to the extremely light and vari- able winds, such that the definition of a mean wind di- rection, and subsequent partitioning of the momentum flux into along- and cross-wind components, has little physical meaning. Positive values of both momentum flux compo- nents in the sub-canopy contribute to upward transfer of mo- mentum, consistent with the observed sub-canopy secondary wind speed maximum. For the smallest resolved scales in the canopy at nighttime, we find increasing vertical velocity vari- ance with decreasing timescale, consistent with very small eddies possibly generated by wake shedding from the canopy elements that transport momentum, but not heat. Unusually large values of the velocity aspect ratio within the canopy were observed, consistent with enhanced suppression of the horizontal wind components compared to the vertical by the very dense canopy. The flux-gradient approach for sensible heat flux is found to be valid for the sub-canopy and above-canopy layers when considered separately in spite of the very small fluxes on the order of a few W m 2 in the sub-canopy. However, single- source approaches that ignore the canopy fail because they make the heat flux appear to be counter-gradient when in fact it is aligned with the local temperature gradient in both the sub-canopy and above-canopy layers. While sub-canopy Stanton numbers agreed well with values typically reported in the literature, our estimates for the above-canopy Stanton number were much larger, which likely leads to underesti- mated modeled sensible heat fluxes above dark warm closed canopies.
The Challenge of Change: International Adoption of Community College Models

We live in an age of globalization where the exportation of knowledge and higher education is the commodity of choice. This is particularly true in terms of the Community College model. Recognized as an American phenomenon, the model has been, and continues to be, influenced by many other countries. As secondary education nears universal levels, advanced and developing countries are stimulating the need for quality post-educational opportunities that are flexible and responsible to local needs. The transnational impact of community college models is precisely their ability to address access and opportunity, advance or deal with implications of globalization, and develop a responsive trained work force. This volume on Community college reform captures in real time the challenges associated with nations adopting the community college model. Issues relate to planning, budgeting, curriculum development, governance, interdisciplinary studies, and local partnerships are explored in depth. When combined, these issues paint what exists as part of the internal construct of these institutions. Revealed in this work are the institutions themselves, individual leaders, and various actors who collectively ensure local success. The various chapters in this book also connect these educational institutions to socioeconomic reform efforts, as no institution exists independently. Five common themes used throughout this book support a comparative discussion on the adoption of community college models by other nations. The goal of the themes is to demonstrate the power of the community college model as a purveyor of academic, philosophical, economic, and institutional and community reforms. It is also intended to give the reader a framework from which to view what challenges exist and the responses recommended for addressing them. Few works on the subject of community college models have tried to capture the movement in this way and thus this approach is both unique and expansive. The authors represent practitioners, scholars, faculty, and administrators who are in the real trenches of challenge and change, and committed to making a difference in the lives of others. Academic themes show how institutions adapt to local needs and serves as a reminder that the glue to institutions of higher learning in any form begins with the academy. Student profiles present in this volume depict the impact of the changing nature of the curriculum. Terms like student-centered learning, student counseling, the whole learner, community, partnerships, etc., merge to show that students
A transmission-interval and power-level modulation methodology for optimizing inter-vehicle communications

Inter-Vehicle Communications (IVC) has the potential to play an important role in many future vehicle and traffic applications. Much of this will occur in the automated vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS) arena, and to a lesser extent in the Advanced Transportation Management and Information Systems (ATMIS) arena. One such ATMIS application where IVC can be used is in self-organizing, decentralized traffic information systems. These systems do not require extensive infrastructure and management centers to collect and disseminate traffic information. Instead, information can be shared among vehicles through periodic broadcast messages. A simple methodology for this is described in this paper, with a focus on how to modulate power levels and transmission intervals based on both traffic and communication conditions. These techniques are used to avoid excessive packet collisions under high-density traffic conditions and maximize throughput under low-density conditions. Simulation experiments have been carried out using an integrated vehicle traffic/network communication tool for different levels of congestion on the freeway. Results of the simulation runs are given and compared to transmission interval control and power modulation schemes evaluated separately.
Constrained stochastic MPC under multiplicative noise for financial applications

Motivated by financial engineering applications, we develop an interior point algorithm for a finite horizon probabilistically constrained stochastic linear-quadratic control problem under multiplicative noise. Under the assumption of affine state feedback, the stochastic problem is approximated by a nonlinear deterministic problem with the state being given by the mean vector and covariance matrix. Additionally, the probabilistic constraints are approximated using a log-normal distribution. The resulting nonlinear deterministic problem is tackled using an infeasible interior point method in which a Riccati difference equation can be utilized to significantly accelerate computations. A financial benchmark tracking problem is presented as a numerical example, and the fit of the log-normal approximation is assessed.
Research Article: Aqueous extraction of dried and fresh garlic, and comparative antimicrobial susceptibility testing of garlic extracts on selected bacteria

Abstract Susceptibility testing against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was carried out using fresh aqueous, heated aqueous and dried powder solutions of garlic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not inhibited by the garlic extract. Dried garlic powder showed comparable antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium as fresh unheated garlic extract. However, when the aqueous garlic extract was subjected to heating for 20 minutes, its antimicrobial property was significantly reduced. The disk diffusion technique appears to be more reliable for susceptibility testing than the agar-gel diffusion technique, since the disk diffusion test correlates well with the results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Our results show that garlic disks of 6.25 mg should be used for susceptibility testing. Zone sizes of 29 mm and above should indicate susceptibility for S. aureus.
Isolation and Characterization of Androgen Receptor Mutant, AR(M749L), with Hypersensitivity to 17-β Estradiol Treatment *

Abstract Estrogens, primarily 17β-estradiol (E2), may play important roles in male physiology via the androgen receptor (AR). It has already been shown that E2 modulates AR function in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and xenograft CWR22 prostate cancer tissues. Using a molecular model of E2 bound-AR-ligand binding domain (LBD) and employing site-directed mutagenesis strategies, we screened several AR mutants that were mutated at E2-AR contact sites. We found a mutation at amino acid 749, AR(M749L), which confers AR hypersensitivity to E2. The reporter assays demonstrate that E2 can function, like androgen, to induce AR(M749L) transactivation. This E2-induced AR mutant transactivation is a direct effect of the AR(M749L), because the transactivation was blocked by antiandrogens. The hypersensitivity of AR(M749L) to E2 is not due to increased affinity of AR(M749L) for E2, rather it may be due to the existence of the proper conformation necessary to maintain E2 binding to the AR-LBD long enough to result in E2-induced transactivation. AR(M749L) transactivation can be further enhanced in the presence of AR coregulators, such as ARA70 and SRC-1. Therefore, amino acid 749 may represent an important site within the AR-LBD that is involved in interaction with E2 that, when mutated, allows E2 induction of AR transactivation.
Design and fabrication of artificial lateral line flow sensors

Underwater flow sensing is important for many robotics and military applications, including underwater robots and vessels. We report the development of micromachined, distributed flow sensors based on a biological inspiration, the fish lateral line sensors. Design and fabrication processes for realizing individual lateral line sensor nodes are discussed in this paper, along with preliminary characterization results.
The Use of Overwinter Draw Down for Aquatic Vegetation Management

: Overwinter draw down can be a useful technique for aquatic plant management. Its effectiveness depends largely on the susceptibility of nuisance species to draw down. A single overwinter draw down provided good control of aquatic plants in a flowage dominated by Potamogeton robbinsii Little additional control was gained by a second draw down the following winter. Rapid reinvasion of plants after draw down ceased dictates continued management. To avoid fish kills caused by low dissolved oxygen levels caution is advised when using overwinter draw down. The growth of Zizania aquatica was not negatively influenced by draw down. The influence on water quality of nutrient release from decaying vegetation and exposed bottom sediments was uncertain.
“Just Reproduce After What I Taught You”: Spatial Segregation of Religious Youth Socialization and the Reproduction of Social Inequality

Researchers consistently find that educational and familial settings unintentionally reproduce socioeconomic status (SES) via distinct socialization patterns in their community contexts. Yet there ...
EUS spectrum analysis for in vivo characterization of pancreatic and lymph node tissue: a pilot study.

Background EUS is limited by variability in the examiner's subjective interpretation of B-scan images to differentiate among normal, inflammatory, and malignant tissue. By using information otherwise discarded by conventional EUS systems, quantitative spectral analysis of the raw radiofrequency (RF) signals underlying EUS images enables tissue to be characterized more objectively. Objective Our purpose was to determine the feasibility of using spectral analysis of EUS data for characterization of pancreatic tissue and lymph nodes. Design and Setting A pilot study of eligible patients was conducted to analyze the RF data obtained during EUS by using spectral parameters. Patients Twenty-one subjects who underwent EUS of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and surrounding intra-abdominal and mediastinal lymph nodes. Main Outcome Measurements Linear regression parameters of calibrated power spectra of the RF signals were tested to differentiate normal pancreas from chronic pancreatitis and from pancreatic cancer as well as benign from malignant-appearing lymph nodes. Results The mean intercept, slope, and midband fit of the spectra differed significantly among normal pancreas, adenocarcinoma, and chronic pancreatitis when all were compared with each other ( P P P P Limitations Small sample population and spatial averaging inherent to this technique. Conclusions Mean spectral parameters in EUS imaging can provide a noninvasive method to discriminate normal from diseased pancreas and lymph nodes.
Librarians and Graphic Design: Preparation, Roles, and Desired Support

Librarians often become de facto graphic designers for their libraries, taking responsibility for designing signage, handouts, brochures, web pages, and many other promotional, instructional, and wayfinding documents. However, the majority of librarians with graphic design responsibilities are not trained as graphic designers. This exploratory research study surveyed librarians to determine their graphic design training and preparation for their assumed design duties as well as the support and training they desire. Results from this study can be used by library administrators when providing support for librarians with graphic design duties.
Cholangiocarcinoma Precancerous Lesions

The most common precursor lesions to cholangiocarcinoma are mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile ducts, and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN). Rarely, Von Meyenburg complexes can also be precursors to cholangiocarcinoma. These precursor lesions are important to recognize for clinical care and for understanding the biology of cholangiocarcinoma. The clinical, gross, and histological features of these entities are described, along with discussion of the differential diagnosis.
Effect of multiple inoculations on interference between St. Louis encephalitis virus and equine encephalomyelitis virus.

SummaryA single intranasal inoculation of St. Louis encephalitis virus protected 65% of 3- to 4-week-old rats against Western equine encephalomyelitis virus subsequently inoculated by the same route. The percentage of animals protected was increased to 95% if 3 inoculations of St. Louis encephalitis virus preceded the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus.
Construct definition and scale development for defensive information processing: an application to colorectal cancer screening.

Objective Individuals have a large repertoire of defensive strategies for dealing with personally relevant negative feedback including health risk information. Defensive processes are covered in a diverse literature and in theoretical models such as the extended parallel process model, but outside the psychopathological domain, little attention has been paid to the conceptualization and measurement of defenses. In this study, we reviewed the broad literature and developed an integrated conceptual model of various defensive strategies to guide measurement development. In addition, we developed and tested measures of defensiveness for colorectal cancer screening, an important public health issue. Method We conducted 2 surveys of independent samples of screening-age adults (n = 226, 287) to iteratively test and refine measures using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models. Results Our conceptual model informed our development of measures for 4 stages of defensive information processing (attention avoidance, blunting, suppression, and counterarguing) and the literature review identified potential measures for each stage. Final subscales ranged from 3 to 8 items, showed good internal reliability, and demonstrated expected patterns of association with other correlates of colorectal cancer screening. Items available in both surveys were found to be largely invariant across adherence status to screening guidelines. Conclusion Future research is planned to replicate and validate these scales. We anticipate that the conceptual model and sample measures will increase understanding of defensive processes and can be used in the design and evaluation of future interventions and cancer risk communications to potentially reach and impact more resistant individuals.
Effects of Sodium Citrate plus Sodium Diacetate and Buffered Vinegar on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Brine-Injected Beef

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of sodium citrate plus sodium diacetate or buffered vinegar on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and psychrotrophic bacteria when incorporated in brine solutions for injected beef. Two experiments were conducted in which 30 top rounds and 30 top sirloins were injected (110%) to contain (i) 0.5% sodium chloride and 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate as the control (CNT); (ii) CNT with a 1% solution of 80% sodium citrate plus 20% sodium diacetate (SC + D); or (iii) CNT with 2% buffered vinegar (VIN) in the final product. For the E. coli challenge, muscles were surface inoculated to target 6 log CFU/cm(2). After injection and 10 days of storage in a vacuum package (4°C), one half of each muscle was sampled raw and the other half was cooked to an internal temperature of 60°C with a 12-min hold. For raw samples, a significant reduction of 0.6 and 1.0 log CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 was observed in both SC + D- and VIN-injected top rounds and sirloins, respectively. All cooked samples were E. coli O157:H7 negative. For psychrotrophic analysis, subprimals were injected and vacuum packaged for 10 days at 0 ± 1°C. After 10 days of storage, steaks were fabricated and placed in aerobic display (4 ± 1°C) for 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. Psychrotrophic organism growth was restricted in SC + D and VIN samples when compared with CNT on all days except day 1. Sodium citrate plus sodium diacetate or buffered vinegar may improve the safety and shelf life of multineedle brine-injected beef.
Performance of Overflow on multi-core processors

Linux PC Clusters are a cost effective platform for parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. In this paper multi-core configurations from two core to quad core are considered. Single processor performance is evaluated and the most likely subroutines for optimization of single processor performance are identified based on cache performance. This information may in turn be used to improve the performance of OVERFLOW.
Staying Quartered: Civilian Uprisings and Military Disobedience in the Twenty-First Century

This is a multination study of military disobedience in the face of presidential orders to suppress civilian uprisings. Rather than coercively manipulating the government or seizing power themselves, these insubordinate armies prefer to remain quartered. To determine why, the authors draw on rational, ideational, and structural analytical perspectives on military behavior. The study deploys a qualitative case study method of analysis, identifying seven positive cases (disobedience) and then contrasting those with three negative cases (obedience) to discern whether there is a collection of causal agents that can discriminate between these sets. It finds that disobedience grows out of material grievances, stronger affiliation with public as opposed to government interests, rejection of internal public order roles, illegalities, and splits within the services.
Multi-objective optimization for the construction of large-scale infrastructure systems

This paper presents the development of an advanced I nformation T echnology F ramework for O ptimizing C onstruction U tilization of Resources in Civil Infrastructure S ystems, named IT-FOCUS . The main objectives of this framework are to: (1) develop robust optimization models for minimizing construction cost, and duration, while maximizing quality; and (2) formulate scalable methodologies for solving large-scale construction optimization problems. To this end, the present framework is implemented using an advanced multi-objective genetic algorithm that is capable of generating optimal trade-offs between construction cost, duration, and quality. To enable the optimization of large-scale infrastructure projects, the algorithm is parallelized using the manager-worker paradigm of parallel and distributed computing. The parallel implementation of the algorithm utilizes the message passing interface (MPI) standard to distribute genetic algorithm computations over a cluster of 50 Intel Xeon processors. A number of large-scale construction projects with sizes ranging from 180 to 720 activities were evaluated using the 50 processor cluster to evaluate the computational requirements for optimizing real-life construction projects. The results of this evaluation highlight the significant computational savings that can be achieved by the implemented parallel computing framework.
Influence of Sleep on Fertility in Women

An estimated 15.5% of women in the United States experience infertility, and a wide range of conditions, behaviors, and exposures have been linked to this reduced reproductive capacity. Sleep is a critical component to health and well-being, yet the amount of research devoted to determining the association between sleep and fertility in women is lacking. This article will discuss potential pathways by which sleep dysregulation may modulate fertility and summarize observational study data related to shift work and fertility.
Globalization and the Politics of Locality: Orange County, California, in the Cold War Era

F or the past several decades, the American economy has been experiencing both internal restructuring and globalization. That is to say, the economy has been transformed domestically away from its manufacturing base toward the service and information sectors, while being integrated into an international market system. In this expanding global economy, capital and technology have become increasingly mobile, sharply limiting the ability of local governments to control the use of space.' This article seeks to explain the political impact of such profound economic and technological transformations on relatively affluent and privileged regions whose economies are globally integrated. In such regions, the old realities of local place and local tradition have been supplanted by the new realities of footloose capital and information technology. Tensions and conflicts have emerged between proponents of the new global system and those forces seeking to preserve and protect locality. Indeed, the idea of locality has assumed a heightened political importance in contemporary America. What are these new global forces, and in what ways has insurgency against them been expressed? After some general observations, this
Microbial Experimental Evolution

Experimental evolution is a new way to study the dynamics of evolution, one with great promise. Laboratory experiments can be used to test assumptions, investigate dynamics of mutation, selection, and population structure, and follow the evolution of populations in various controlled environments. This article discusses how evolution can be studied in the laboratory and differentiates natural selection from artificial selection.
O reino de Aruanda: de porto luso-angolano de escravos a reino mítico afro-brasileiro

Este artigo examina o arquetipo de Luanda na memoria coletiva afrobrasileira. Aborda aspectos de memoria construida de transformacao cri­ativa ao refletir sobre duas questoes: 1) O que Luanda representou para o Brasil colonial? 2) O que Luanda representa para o imaginario afro­brasileiro contemporâneo?
The effects of the PDQ patient information file (PIF) on patients’ knowledge, enrollment in clinical trials, and satisfaction

Abstract Background. This study examined the outcomes of providing a copy of the PDQ Patient Information File (PIF) to cancer patients. Methods. Patients with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers were randomized to two groups: 1) verbal communication only and 2) verbal communication plus PIF. Cancer knowledge and satisfaction with the PIF and the information received were assessed with telephone interviews. Clinical trial registries were reviewed to determine enrollment in clinical trials. Results. The overall reaction to the PIF was good or excellent for 92% of the patients surveyed, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in their cancer knowledge, enrollment in clinical trials, or satisfaction with the information they received from their physicians. The majority of patients from both groups lacked basic knowledge about their disease, did not use any source of information other than their physicians and/or nurses, and were satisfied with the information they received. Concl...
Effective use of large high-bandwidth memory caches in HPC stencil computation via temporal wave-front tiling

Stencil computation is an important class of algorithms used in a large variety of scientific-simulation applications. The performance of stencil calculations is often bounded by memory bandwidth. High-bandwidth memory (HBM) on devices such as those in the Intel® Xeon Phi™ ™200 processor family (code-named Knights Landing) can thus provide additional performance. In a traditional sequential time-step approach, the additional bandwidth can be best utilized when the stencil data fits into the HBM, restricting the problem sizes that can be undertaken and under-utilizing the larger DDR memory on the platform. As problem sizes become significantly larger than the HBM, the effective bandwidth approaches that of the DDR, degrading performance. This paper explores the use of temporal wave-front tiling to add an additional layer of cache-blocking to allow efficient use of both the HBM bandwidth and the DDR capacity. Details of the cache-blocking and wave-front tiling algorithms are given, and results on a Xeon Phi processor are presented, comparing performance across problem sizes and among four experimental configurations. Analyses of the bandwidth utilization and HBM-cache hit rates are also provided, illustrating the correlation between these metrics and performance. It is demonstrated that temporal wave-front tiling can provide a 2.4™ speedup compared to using HBM cache without temporal tiling and 3.3x speedup compared to only using DDR memory for large problem sizes.
Rituximab® and High Dose Methylprednisolone (HDMP) for the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Abstract High-dose gluocorticoids and the anti-CD20 mAb Rituximab each can effect partial responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), although complete and durable responses to treatment with either of these agents have not been reported. We examined whether patients with relapsed and/or refractory CLL could respond to these agents when used in combination in a pilot clinical trial. Fourteen patients with progressive, symptomatic, and relapsed/refractory disease were treated with three four-week cycles of high-dose Methylprednisolone (HDMP) at 1gr/m2 daily for 5 days and weekly Rituximab® at 375mg/m2 for four weeks. The median age of the patients was 60 years, the male to female ratio was 4:1, the ECOG performance status was
Prologue d’une histoire de l’édition numérique au Québec

Digital publishing is still in its infancy, but it is useful to relate what might be called the prologue to the history of digital publishing in French in Quebec. This article presents the actors who have contributed, and continue to contribute, to the transition from print to digital culture in Quebec. It offers a panoramic view of this transition in the various publishing genres from newspapers and magazines, to journals, books, theses, dictionaries, bibliographical databases, and legal texts. A typology of the actors working in these different genres emerges, comprising publisher, aggregator (general or specialist), distributor, production technician, retailer, and librarian. The builders of Quebec’s digital publishing milieu are acknowledged through brief descriptions of their projects and enterprises. Many of them have displayed a notable capacity to engage in the development of new models for the production and diffusion of culture and research. The quality of their products, services, and expertise has been recognized several times over through international partnerships and co-operative ventures.
Microstructural and magnetic property evolution with different heat-treatment conditions in an alnico alloy

Abstract Further property enhancement of alnico, an attractive near-term, non-rare-earth permanent magnet alloy system, primarily composed of Al, Ni, Co, and Fe, relies on improved morphology control and size refinement of its complex spinodally decomposed nanostructure that forms during heat-treatment. Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography techniques, this study evaluates the magnetic properties and microstructures of an isotropic 32.4Fe-38.1Co-12.9Ni-7.3Al-6.4Ti-3.0Cu (wt.%) alloy in terms of processing parameters such as annealing temperature, annealing time, application of an external magnetic field, as well as low-temperature “draw” annealing. Optimal spinodal morphology and spacing is formed within a narrow temperature and time range (∼ 840 °C and 10 min) during thermal-magnetic annealing (MA). The ideal morphology is a mosaic structure consisting of periodically arrayed ∼ 40 nm diameter (Fe-Co)-rich rods ( α 1 phase) embedded in an (Al-Ni)-rich ( α 2 phase) matrix. A Cu-enriched phase with a size of ∼ 3–5 nm is located at the corners of two adjacent { 110 } facets of the α 1 phase. The MA process significantly increased remanence ( B r ) (∼ 40–70%) of the alloy due to biased elongation of the α 1 phase along the 〈 100 〉 crystallographic direction, which is closest in orientation to the applied magnetic field. The optimum magnetic properties of the alloy with an intrinsic coercivity ( H cj ) of 1845 Oe and a maximum energy product ( B H max ) of 5.9 MGOe were attributed to the uniformity of the mosaic structure.
Lessons Learned Across Settings, and the Way Forward

This section identifies design principles that the initiatives discussed in previous chapters have in common, and summarizes lessons learned in terms of what programs, policies, and practices are effective or at least promising. It is important to emphasize that what works for students from underrepresented minorities (URM) works for all students. It is equally important to add that there must also be activities targeted to URM learners. These lessons can be a catalyst to create direction and strategies to develop, sustain, and institutionalize innovative programs and practices addressing STEM teaching and learning as issues of social justice: commitment; communication; partnerships; institutional linkages; transformative pedagogy; community; robust evaluation; and research.
Changes of gait pattern, muscle activity, and perceived comfort in response to variations of height-elevating insoles in young adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of gait pattern, muscle activity, and perceived comfort in response to variations of height-elevating insoles (HEIs) in young adults. The subjects of this study were 30 young adults who voluntarily consented to participate in this experiment after listening to its purpose and method. They were di-vided into 3 groups who wore HEIs height (0, 3, and 7 cm). Each group consisted of 10 young adults and wore the HEIs for 4 hr a day. Electro-myographic signals were collected from the tibialis anterior, the gas-trocnemius, the hamstring, and the right and the left erector spinae (ES) before and after walking with the HEI. Gait pattern was measured be-fore and after walking with the HEI. Perceived comfort was measured after a subject wore the insoles for 4 hr. The activities of ES showed significant differences among the three groups. The activity of the left ES was significantly different between groups 1 (0 cm) and 2 (3 cm) and groups 1 and 3 (7 cm). The activity of the right ES was significantly dif-ferent between groups 1 and 3. The left stride length and the left step length showed significant differences between groups 1 and 3. Per-ceived comfort was significantly different among the three groups. As the HEIs increased, the activities of ES were gradually increased and the left step length and stride were decreased. Using of higher HEIs over 4 hr may be occurred excessive activities of the ES, abnormal gait patterns, and perceived discomfort.
Serum erythropoietin and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in patients phlebotomized for polycythemia vera.

Serum erythropoietin (Ep) was measured by radioimmunoassay before and 24 hours after therapeutic phlebotomies in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and in normal subjects before and after phlebotomies of comparable volumes. In addition the in vivo oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (P50) was calculated, and red cell indices and 2,3 DPG values were measured. Paired t tests determined whether the differences between pre-and post--phlebotomy values were statistically significant.
Self-Report Instruments

It is normal for children to experience fears and anxieties during childhood. When fear and anxiety interfere with the child’s day-to-day existence and development, however, the situation has become abnormal and evaluation and intervention are required. The terms “anxiety,” “fear,” and “phobia” are often used interchangeably by the lay person, though they can have different meanings to the clinician. Anxiety is often thought of as a more generalized symptom with wider influence over a child’s personality and daily functioning and can progress from symptom to disorder or even originate as such. Fear is associated with events that are more situation-specific. If any specific fear grows to become particularly intense and anxiety-producing, resulting in dysfunctional avoidant behavior and cognitive and physiological changes, it is termed a phobia. In this chapter, “phobia” is subsumed under the term “fear,” though it goes beyond the level of normal fears that may be entirely appropriate or adaptive (e.g., a fear of snakes may be appropriate and even adaptive, but not if no snakes are present and a child refuses to leave his or her room for fear of encountering a snake).
Die Suche nach dem Besten

Wir alle wollen das Beste. Wir wahlen stets das Beste. Wir ringen um das Bestmogliche. Wir wissen, was das Beste fur andere ist.
Nanotechnology in Turkey

Turkey is one of the up-and-coming economies in the World. A prerequisite to play for such a role is to have some targeted development strategies that include issues such as science and technology and education. The set of strategies Turkey is currently set on can be summarized under three major headings: become a legitimate partner of an economic Consortium in the World—such as the European Union or Black Sea Economic Federation; set targets for an education policy to concentrate on certain disciplines that are visioned to further economic and societal objectives; and choose and invest in those industries that Turkey could play a competitive role in the foreseeable future. Turkish policy makers and economists as well as universities have been tinkering on these very important strategic aspects of the country’s future. In this chapter, our focus is largely economic to the extent that economic sphere can be separated from the political one. However, one has to note that increasing importance of Turkey’s geopolitical position is well intertwined with its increasing importance as an economic player. Turkey, however, has to live up to this role that history and changing economic balances in the world have tailored for her.
Effect of High Concentrations of Leukocytes on Whole Blood Viscosity

Whole blood viscosity of patients with leukemic leukocytosis was compared to that of normals with a similar total packed cell volume (TPCV). Leukocytes in suspension were also studied and found to have a greater viscosity than erythrocytes. We found no relation between the magnitude of the leukocyte count and whole blood viscosity. The presence of anemia in the patients with leukemia prevented elevation of their TPCV. This, as well as the normal variability of blood viscosity obscured any increase that could have been produced by the greater viscosity of massed leukocytes.
A phase II study of pembrolizumab and docetaxel for aggressive RAI refractory thyroid carcinomas or salivary gland cancers: The iPRIME study.

TPS6099Background: Both aggressive, radioactive iodine refractory thyroid cancers as well as high-grade salivary gland cancers respond poorly to chemotherapy, and there is no widely used standard o...
Fuel Properties Associated With Catalytic Conversion of Plastics

Abstract The chapter provides a comprehensive study of the plastics for conversion to high-energy fuels. These plastics, if not utilized properly, end up in landfills. Noncatalytic and catalytic pyrolysis on these plastics to produce gasoline, diesel range fuels, and vacuum gas oil are elaborately discussed. The chapter also focuses to minimize energy used for plastic pyrolysis to produce high energy-value fuels using catalysts. The use of catalysts reduces the activation energy for the conversion of plastics to fuel and as well improves the selectivity of the products. The crude oil and distillates’ fuel properties and their blends with commercial fuel are discussed. The chapter also covers the economic analysis of the whole process toward commercialization.
Graphene used as a lateral force microscopy calibration material in the low-load non-linear regime

A lateral force microscopy (LFM) calibration technique utilizing a random low-profile surface is proposed that is successfully employed in the low-load non-linear frictional regime using a single layer of graphene on a supporting oxide substrate. This calibration at low loads and on low friction surfaces like graphene has the benefit of helping to limit the wear of the LFM tip during the calibration procedure. Moreover, the low-profiles of the calibration surface characteristic of these layered 2D materials, on standard polished oxide substrates, result in a nearly constant frictional, adhesive, and elastic response as the tip slides over the surface, making the determination of the calibration coefficient robust. Through a detailed calibration analysis that takes into account non-linear frictional response, it is found that the adhesion is best described by a nearly constant vertical orientation, rather than the more commonly encountered normally directed adhesion, as the single asperity passes over the low-profile graphene-coated oxide surface.