cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sweat the Small Stuff: Understanding the Essence and Impact of Stewardship in Kinesiology

ABSTRACTWhat is thought of when hearing the word stewardship? Many people would need clarification for what this term means and in what context it is being applied. How is stewardship perceived in relation to kinesiology? The content of this lecture will be contextualized with the author’s story. The stewardship of Delphine Hanna will be reviewed, as well as that of a few of the 2016 National Association of Kinesiology in Higher Education Conference attendees. The author will attempt to impart that the power of good stewardship lies in the small stuff of what people do in their lives. More specifically, good stewardship begins with establishing honest relationships with those whom one is to be a steward. Attempts toward stewardship are incomplete unless there is commitment to recognizing the importance of those entrusted to a steward’s care. Stewardship in relation to the role of an administrator will be reviewed, as well as the role of faculty and the members of the National Association of Kinesiology in...
Optofluidic lasers and their applications in bioanalysis(Conference Presentation)

The optofluidic laser is an emerging technology that integrates microfluidics, miniaturized laser cavity, and laser gain medium in liquid. It is unique due to its biocompatibility, thus can be used for unconventional bioanalysis, in which biointeraction or process takes place within the optical cavity mode volume. Rather than using fluorescence, the optofluidic laser based detection employs laser emission, i.e., stimulated emission, as the sensing signal, which takes advantage of optical amplification provided by the laser cavity to achieve much higher sensitivity. In this presentation, I will first introduce the concept of optofluidic laser based bioanalysis. Then I will discuss each of the three components (cavity, gain medium, and fluidics) of the optofluidic laser and describe how to use the optofluidic laser in bioanalysis at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level. Finally, I will discuss future research and application directions.
Three Fundamental Pillars of Multi-agent Team Formation

Teams of voting agents are a powerful tool for solving complex problems. When forming such teams, there are three fundamental issues that must be addressed: (i) Selecting which agents should form a team; (ii) Aggregating the opinions of the agents; (iii) Assessing the performance of a team. In this thesis we address all these points.
Risk of Early Rehospitalization for Non-Behavioral Health Conditions Among Adult Medicaid Beneficiaries with Severe Mental Illness or Substance Use Disorders

The goal was to examine risk factors and expenditures for early rehospitalization (within 30 days of discharge) for non-behavioral health conditions among Medicaid-enrolled Floridians over 8 years. There were 1,689,797 hospitalization episodes with 19% (N = 314,742) resulting in early rehospitalization. Total gross charges for early rehospitalization were over 13 billion dollars. In Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for demographic and health covariates, drug use disorder was associated with 50% increased risk of early rehospitalization. Having major depressive disorder increased risk by 17%; psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, and alcohol use disorder increased risk of early rehospitalization slightly by 10, 6, and 6% respectively. The effect of dementia on risk was minimal at 2%. Risk of early rehospitalization decreased by 3.5% per year over the 8 years of the study. Attention to mental health problems, especially drug use disorder, may help further reduce rates of early readmission for non-behavioral health conditions.
Optimal Score Aggregation Algorithms

Assume that there is a set of "voters" and a set of "candidates", where each voter assigns a numerical score to each candidate. There is a scoring function (such as the mean or the median), and a consensus ranking is obtained by applying the scoring function to each candidate's scores. The problem is to find the top k candidates, while minimizing the number of database accesses. The speaker will present an algorithm that is optimal in an extremely strong sense: not just in the worst case or the average case, but in every case! Even though the algorithm is only 10 lines long (!), the paper containing the algorithm won the 2014 Godel Prize, the top prize for a paper in theoretical computer science.
INTERNEURONS | Properties of Interneurons and their Relation to Epilepsy

Inhibitory interneurons are key regulators of network function. Loss of inhibitory tone, through inhibitory interneuron hypoexcitability or reduced synaptic efficacy, can result in network hyperexcitability, predisposing the brain to epileptiform activity. Voltage-gated potassium channels composed of the Kv3 subfamily are expressed in subsets of inhibitory interneurons and contribute to the excitability of these interneurons by shortening the duration of action potentials, thus increasing firing frequency and decreasing neurotransmitter release probability. Unlike other Kv3-deficient mice, mice lacking Kv3.2 develop spontaneous seizures, suggesting that these channels are necessary for maintaining network stability. Kv3.2-containing channels are distinguished from other Kv3 channels by their sensitivity to protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. Our goal is to understand how Kv3 channels govern interneuron excitability, how their channel function is modulated, and how their contribution to interneuron excitability leads to stabilization of network function.
Evading international law: How agents comply with the letter of the law but violate its purpose

Despite the widespread nature of evasion (bad-faith compliance), this interesting phenomenon is under-studied in International Relations. Even the most sophisticated typologies of compliance and ru...
The Prognostic Significance of 11q Deletion Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): The MDACC Experience.

Abstract Introduction: The identification of an 11q deletion (del) by FISH analysis is reportedly an independent predictor of poor survival in CLL (Dohner et al, N Engl J Med 343: 1910). The aim of this study was to assess the presenting features and clinical outcomes of a more recent cohort of untreated CLL patients carrying the 11q del. Methods: We searched our database for untreated CLL patients who presented to MDACC from 10/03 to 4/07 with an 11q del and reviewed their medical records. Patient bone marrow samples were assessed at presentation by FISH analysis using probes for trisomy 12, ATM, LAMP1, D13S319, and P53 genes. Results: Overall, 69 of 708 (9.7%) patients analyzed using FISH, had an 11q del without a 17p del. In addition to 11q del, 62% had 13q del, and 3% had trisomy 12. Their median age was 59 yrs; and 80% were males. Zubrod performance status was > 0 in 53%; and 13% had Rai stage 3–4. Lymphadenopathy was present in 96% (> 5 cm, 11%), splenomegaly in 19%, anemia in 9%, and thrombocytopenia in 4%. ZAP-70 was expressed in 74% (34/46), CD38 in 61% (33/54), and 89% (39/44) had an unmutated IgVH gene. The median absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was 24 × 109L (range, 2–513 × 109L), and the median proportion of cells that exhibited an 11q del was 53% (range, 9–98%). Cytogenetics were as follows: del(11)(q13q23) in 17/63 (27%) patients, normal in 37 (59%), del6(q13q25) in 1, complex in 2, and other in 6 patients. The median time from presentation at MDACC to treatment was 1 month (range, 0–28) and from diagnosis to treatment was 15 months (range, 1–97). The median ALC doubling time was 237 days. Forty patients required therapy for progressive disease (lymphadenopathy 17, ALC doubling time Conclusions: CLL with an 11q del was associated with high rates of response, survival, and RFS when treated with FCR-containing therapy. This cohort of patients will be followed over the long term to establish the natural history of 11q del in the chemoimmunotherapy era. Download : Download high-res image (78KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
An Exploratory Investigation into Factors Affecting Visual Balance.

Throughout the history of art more attention has been given to pictorial balance than to any other principle of visual composition. When examining pictorial balance, the visual weights of significant elements within a given field must be taken into consideration. This study, by means of ocular photography and the analysis of eye fixations, examined factors that have an effect upon visual weight. Confirming earlier studies, the upper half of a visual field was found to have inherently greater visual weight than the lower half. While several researchers have attributed greater visual weight to the left side of a field, others have favored the right. Data from this study were not sufficiently reliable to indicate a preference for either side. Results were insufficient to support the hypothesis that the upper left quadrant has greater inherent visual weight than the upper right quadrant. While it was shown that the interrelationships between tone and size have an effect on visual weight, the exact nature of these relationships must await future investigation.
The Impact of Disclosure on Health and Related Outcomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children: A Literature Review.

This review explores the association between pediatric HIV disclosure and health and related outcomes among children living with HIV. A multi-stage process was used to search for relevant articles on the ISI Social Science database. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Five major outcomes emerged from children’s knowledge of their HIV-seropositive status: physical/physiological outcomes; adherence to antiretroviral therapy; self-esteem, mental, emotional and other psychosocial outcomes; sexual and reproductive health, including HIV prevention outcomes; and disclosure of status by the children. Disclosure of a child’s HIV status to the child has value in terms of positive health outcomes for the child, such as better adherence and slower disease progression - albeit the different studies did not always reach the same conclusions, and some suggest negative health outcomes, such as increased psychiatric hospitalization. Yet, there does not seem to be a systematic or coherent system for child disclosure. One recommendation from this review, therefore, is for government and program policies and guidelines that will promote child HIV disclosure in order to address the current low rates of disclosure in sub Saharan Africa. More rigorous studies on the outcomes of disclosure, with larger sample sizes, and in sub-Saharan Africa, are also needed.
Monitoring for Nonoperating Room Anesthesia

Procedures requiring nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) continue to increase in quantity and complexity. The roles of anesthesiologists as members of care teams in nonoperating room locations continue to evolve. The safe provision of NORA requires strict adherence to standardized monitoring guidelines including pulse oximetry, capnography, electrocardiogram, and noninvasive blood pressure ampliflier. Body temperature should also be measured in appropriate scenarios. High-risk anesthetics require advanced preparation and monitoring.
Smart Learning Analytics: Conceptual Modeling and Agile Engineering

Learning analytics focuses on collecting, cleaning, processing, visualization and analyzing teaching and learning related data or metrics from a variety of academic sources. Our vision for engineering of smart learning analytics – the next generation of systems and tools for learning analytics - is based on the concept that this technology should strongly support “smartness” levels of smart academic institutions such as adaptivity, sensing, inferring, anticipation, self-learning, and self-organization. This paper presents the up-to-date findings and outcomes of research, design and development project at the InterLabs Research Institute at Bradley University (Peoria, IL, U.S.A.) that is focused on conceptual modeling of smart learning analytics systems, including identification of goals, objectives, features and functions, main components, inputs and outputs, hierarchical and smartness levels, mathematical methods and algorithms for those systems. Agile software engineering approach has been used for a development of a series of software prototypes to verify the design and development process and validate the obtained outcomes for smart learning analytics systems.
Fertility Preservation in Gynecologic Malignancies

Twenty-one percent of gynecologic cancers affect women in the reproductive-age group. Since an increasing number of women are delaying childbearing and overall survival of many gynecologic malignancies has improved, fertility preservation is an important issue for these young patients. The standard treatment of gynecologic cancers often includes the removal of the ovaries and/or the uterus. Conservative surgery consists of the preservation of at least the uterine corpus and part of one ovary in order to maintain the reproductive potential. While fertility-preserving options are promising, the majority of these procedures are not considered standard of care. The selection of appropriate patients and counseling of interested patients are challenging. Close collaborations between the gynecologic oncologists, reproductive endocrinologists, geneticists, and maternal-fetal medicine specialists are necessary. This chapter presents the current standard of care for each type of gynecologic malignancy and discusses the options of fertility preservation for each type of cancer, focusing on the indications, techniques, and reproductive and oncological outcomes of fertility-preserving surgery.
Time to Dislocation Analysis of Lumbar Spine Fusion Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Breaking Up a Happy Home.

Abstract Background Although a history of lumbar spine fusion (LSF) is associated with increased dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty (THA), the effect of LSF following THA is not well described. This study sought to describe the dislocation-free survival experience of patients with THA undergoing LSF, compare this to similar patients not undergoing LSF, and assess factors associated with dislocation risk following LSF. Methods Center for Medicare Service billing data from 2005 to 2014 was analyzed utilizing the PearlDiver platform. Patients without evidence of hip instability, defined as no dislocation event within at least 6 months following THA, were identified and stratified by having subsequent LSF. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to describe dislocation-free survival of these groups and assess factors associated with dislocation. Results Among 17,223 patients without history of hip instability following THA, there was no spike in dislocations following LSF with patients having a persistent and stable rate of dislocation of 0.7% per year. This experience was of similar shape but increased hazard when compared to that of 863,182 patients not undergoing LSF who had a dislocation rate of 0.4% per year (P Conclusion Patients without evidence of hip instability following THA subsequently undergoing LSF do not have a spike in dislocations in the perioperative period but do assume a persistently elevated risk of dislocation. Future research should identify factors responsible for this increased risk to determine whether they may be modifiable.
Development of a rapid-viability PCR method for detection of Clostridioides difficile spores from environmental samples

Abstract Clostridioides difficile is a common pathogen that is well known to survive for extended periods of time on environmental healthcare surfaces from fecal contamination. During epidemiological investigations of healthcare-associated infections, it is important to be able to detect whether or not there are viable spores of C. difficile on surfaces. Current methods to detect C. difficile can take up to 7 days for culture and in the case of detection by PCR, viability of the spores cannot be ascertained. Prevention of C. difficile infection in healthcare settings includes adequate cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces which increases the likelihood of detecting dead organisms from an environmental sample during an investigation. In this study, we were able to adapt a rapid-viability PCR (RV-PCR) method, first developed for detection of viable Bacillus anthracis spores, for the detection of viable C. difficile spores. RV-PCR uses the change in cycle threshold after incubation to confirm the presence of live organisms. Using this modified method we were able to detect viable C. difficile after 22 h of anaerobic incubation in Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Broth (CCFB). This method also used bead beating combined with the Maxwell 16 Casework kit for DNA extraction and purification and a real-time duplex PCR assay for toxin B and cdd3 genes to confirm the identity of the C. difficile spores. Spiked environmental sponge-wipes with and without added organic load were tested to determine the limit of detection (LOD). The LOD from spiked environmental sponge-wipe samples was 104 spores/mL but after incubation initial spore levels of 101 spores/mL were detected. Use of this method would greatly decrease the amount of time required to detect viable C. difficile spores; incubation of samples is only required for germination (22 h or less) instead of colony formation, which can take up to 7 days. In addition, PCR can then quickly confirm or deny the identity of the organism at the same time it would confirm viability. The presence of viable C. difficile spores could be detected at very low levels within 28 h total compared to the 2 to 10-day process that would be needed for culture, identification and toxin detection.
Integration as Perpetuation: Learning From Race Evasive Approaches to ESL Program Reform.

BackgroundCurrently, most Latinx emergent bilingual (EB) students are educated in English-medium programs alongside English-dominant peers. Legally mandated social integration of EB students coinci...
Artificial Discs in Cervical Disc Replacement: A Meta-Analysis for Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes

Background Cervical disc replacement (CDR) has emerged as an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the surgical treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease. Although comparison of the 2 techniques has been studied in the literature, a thorough assessment of all artificial discs between each has not been performed. The objective of the present study was to examine the long-term outcomes of 5 artificial discs. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted for studies of CDR devices for all years available. Only articles in English were included. Heterotopic ossification, adjacent segment disease, and reoperation comprised the primary outcomes of interest. Pooled descriptive statistics with effect size (ES) and 95% confidence interval were used to synthesize the outcomes for each device. Results Sixty-five studies (n = 5785) were included in the analysis. Comparison of the incidence of grade III/IV heterotopic ossification showed a significant variability between the 5 devices (P Conclusions The results of the present meta-analysis indicate that surgical and clinical outcomes may differ among different CDR devices. These findings may assist surgeons in tailoring their decision making to specific patient profiles. Future multicenter efforts are needed to validate associations found in this study.
Perioperative Care of the Burned Patient

Anesthesiologists often play a critical role in the initial stabilization of acute burn patients, as well as in the perioperative care of both acute and chronic burn injuries. Thus, they must understand the pathophysiological impact of large TBSA burns on each system and adjust their anesthetic management accordingly. Both pediatric and geriatric patients are at increased risk of burn injury and merit special attention to psychologic and comorbid medical conditions. Appropriate anesthetic and analgesic medication dosing will require consideration of the stage of burn injury in order to accommodate for changes in pharmacokinetics. Tolerance is also a frequent problem with severe burn injury, prompting the anesthesiologist to pursue alternative pain and sedation regimens, incorporating multimodal and regional analgesia techniques. Finally, anesthesia providers must be prepared to address the specific challenges to airway management and vascular access posed by severe burn injuries.
Accuracy of algorithms to predict injury severity in older adults for trauma triage.

Objective: Older adults make up a rapidly increasing proportion of motor vehicle occupants and previous studies have demonstrated that this population is more susceptible to traumatic injuries. The...
Rate of differentiation syndrome in patients based on timing of initial all-trans retinoic acid administration.

Abstract All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is the standard of care for the management of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but can be associated with differentiation syndrome (DS). Over a seven-year period, we sought to determine the impact of ATRA initiation time on the development of DS. ATRA administration time had no impact on DS occurrence (p = =0.13), APL risk (p = =0.28) or regimen received (p = =0.1). Patients with higher mean body mass index (BMI) were more likely to develop moderate or severe DS (p = =0.02). Early treatment of APL is essential and maybe strongly considered in patients with elevated BMI.
Androgen Deprivation and Radiation with Helical Tomotherapy to Metastases in Patients with Oligometastatic Hormone - Sensitive Prostate Cancer

ABSTRACT Background Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and subsequent treatments are employed only after the development of castration resistance. We hypothesized that treatment of oligometastases with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) concurrent with ADT will be feasible and safe and may provide therapeutic benefit by more effective reduction in the tumor burden. Methods Patients (pts) with hormone sensitive PC (HSPC) and 1-5 metastases (mts) detected by bone scan and CT scan were treated with 36 weeks of LHRH agonist combined with bicalutamide and EBRT up to 45 Gy to all visible metastatic sites. Seventeen pts (59%) who had no prior therapy of the primary tumor, also received up to 78 Gy to the prostate. Primary objectives were time to treatment failure (TTF) and toxicity. TTF was calculated from the end of therapy until PSA reached pre-treatment level or 10 (whichever was lower) or radiographic progression or until ADT was restarted. Results Twenty nine pts were treated. Median number of mts was 1. Median Gleason score was 8 (range 5-10). Median baseline PSA was 11.4 (range 1-74.5). Twenty one pts (72%) had bone mts, 13 pts (45%) had lymph node (LN) mts and 8 pts (28%) had mts limited to pelvic LNs. Median follow up was 25.7 months (range 13.4-61.4). Grade 3 toxicities included diarrhea (7%), urinary frequency (3%), renal insufficiency (3%). Twenty five pts (86%) reached PSA nadir of Conclusions EBRT to multiple oligometastatic sites of HSPC is feasible. Majority of pts achieved PSA nadir associated with favorable prognosis. Pts with mts limited to pelvic LNs maintain prolonged disease control off ADT. Pts with oligometastases represent a distinct subset of HSPC that may serve as a focus for clinical trials evaluating novel local and systemic therapies in combination with ADT. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
On the Optimal Interaction Range for Multi-Agent Systems Under Adversarial Attack.

Consider a consensus-driven multi-agent dynamic system. The interaction range, which defines the set of neighbors for each agent, plays a key role in influencing connectivity of the underlying network. In this paper, we assume the system is under attack by a predator and explore the question of finding the optimal interaction range that facilitates the most-efficient escape trajectories for the group of agents. We find that for many cases of interest the optimal interaction range is one that forces the network to break up into a handful of disconnected graphs, each containing a subset of agents, thus outperforming the two extreme cases corresponding to fully-connected and fully-disconnected networks. In other words, the results indicate that some connectivity among the agents is helpful because information is effectively transmitted from the agents closest to the predator to others slightly farther away, but also that too much connectivity can be detrimental to the agility of the group, thus hampering efficient and rapid escape.
Scoping review: Definitions and outcomes of patient-provider language concordance in healthcare.

Abstract Objective To conduct a scoping literature review to understand the conceptualization and nature of the research on patient–provider language concordance (LC) in health care. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus to identify peer-reviewed articles between January 1961 and August 2018. We extracted study characteristics, content, definitions, and findings. Results Fifty studies were included. Forty studies were quantitative, seven were qualitative, and three were mixed methods. Overall, the studies revealed inconsistent definitions and measures of patient–provider LC. Outcomes studied in connection to LC included: (1) interpersonal relationships, (2) access to health information, (3) access to care, (4) satisfaction and health-care experience, and (5) patient-related health outcomes. While four studies found that LC care had a negative or no impact on health outcomes, 46 studies reported positive outcomes associated with LC care. Conclusions The study findings highlight the need for more research on LC care and a consistent definition of LC using multiple measures of LC to capture the complex and multidimensional nature of language in social interaction. Practical implications The study findings highlight the importance of how ideologies of language shape the perceptions of language and LC, thereby influence resource allocation and priorities.
Effects of ambient conditions on concurrent-flow flame spread over a wide thin solid in microgravity

Abstract Two-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to study concurrent-flow flame spread over a thin solid in microgravity. The main variable is the ambient flow velocity. Results were validated against recent microgravity experiments (Saffire) where samples 41 cm wide were burned in two different flow velocities. The numerical results showed that, when flow velocity increases, the average radiative heat flux out of the solid surface in the pyrolysis region remains constant. The average convective heat flux decreases and the average radiative heat flux into the solid surface increases. The average net heat flux remains approximately constant. Additional simulations using different ambient pressures and oxygen percentages further showed that, while away from extinction conditions, the average net heat flux in the sample pyrolysis region and hence the average solid mass burning rate are insensitive to the ambient conditions (i.e., oxygen percentage, flow speed, pressure). Furthermore, the steady-state flame length is mainly controlled by the rate of oxygen entrainment into the gas-phase reaction zone and the average solid mass burning rate. Based on these observations, analytical model was developed to correlate the flame spread rate and flame length to ambient conditions. It predicts that, for concurrent-flow flame spread at steady state, the flame length and flame spread rate have linear dependency on the ambient pressure and the forced flow velocity, and a second order dependency on the ambient oxygen percentage. The proposed correlations were tested against numerical simulations as well as a collection of data from previous microgravity experiments in a wide range of ambient conditions.
Abstract PO-029: CliP: A model-based method for subclonal architecture reconstruction using regularized maximum likelihood estimation

Background Subpopulations of tumor cells characterized by mutation profiles may confer differential fitness to treatment and prognosis across cancers. Understanding subclonal architecture has the potential to provide biological insight into tumor evolution and advance the precision treatment of cancers. Recent methods comprehensively integrate single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) to reconstruct subclonal architecture using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from bulk tumor samples. However, most methods follow a Bayesian framework and require extensive computational resources, a prior knowledge of the number of subclones, as well as ad hoc post-analysis data processing. Altogether this creates a bottleneck in processing time in large-scale studies. Objectives The primary objective of this study is to introduce a fast and accurate subclonal architecture reconstruction method, which utilizes a model-based clustering approach and addresses all the limitations above. Methods We introduce a novel model-based clustering method: Clonal structure identification through pairwise penalization (CliP). CliP assumes the number of reads observed with variant alleles follows a binomial model, which is a function of mutation cellular prevalence (CP), copy number aberrations, and tumor purity. We propose to minimize a penalized likelihood of this model with a SCAD penalty on CPs across pairs of mutations. The optimization problem is then efficiently solved via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). As a subclonal reconstruction algorithm, CliP attempts to infer the population structure of heterogeneous tumors, and is the first method to utilize a regularized maximum likelihood framework in subclonal reconstruction, therefore benefiting from its computational efficiency in parameter estimation. Results Rigorous and extensive simulation results demonstrate that CliP is 100 times faster than MCMC-based algorithms without decreased performance. Unlike previous models, the CliP model is applicable to regions with or without CNAs. Furthermore, CliP generates subclonal structure without prior knowledge or post-processing. In an application to WGS data from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG), it only took 8 hours to process 2,500 tumor samples. Conclusion Since CliP executes quickly, it is ultimately suitable for 1) processing large datasets with thousands of samples and 2) participation in a group of methods to generate consensus calls. As the sizes of datasets continue to grow, CliP represents an important step towards fast and accurate subclonal reconstruction. Citation Format: Yujie Jiang, Kaixian Yu, Hongtu Zhu, Wenyi Wang. CliP: A model-based method for subclonal architecture reconstruction using regularized maximum likelihood estimation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-029.
Definition Diets and Deteriorating Masculinity? Bodybuilding Diets in Mid-Century America

In the late 1960s Steve Davis, a young strength athlete turned bodybuilder, prepared for an upcoming photoshoot by consuming nothing but meat and water. Far from unique, Davis represented a new lin...
Capital Market Imperfections, High-Tech Investment, and New Equity Financing

Highly variable returns, asymmetric information and a lack of collateral should cause small high-tech firms to have poor access to debt. New equity financing has several advantages over debt, but may be costly compared to internal finance. We examine an unbalanced panel of over 2,400 publicly traded US high-tech companies over the period 1981-98. Most small high-tech firms obtain little debt financing. New equity financing, in the form of the initial public offering, is very important and permits a major increase in firm size. After going public, comparatively few firms make heavy use of external financing.
Why do people make risky decisions during a fire evacuation? Study on the effect of smoke level, individual risk preference, and neighbor behavior

Abstract People make risky decisions during fire evacuations such as moving through smoke. However, the reasons behind such risk-taking decisions have not been investigated in controlled experiments. Using an immersive virtual reality (VR)-based controlled experiment, this study investigated the effect of smoke level, individual risk preference, and neighbor behavior on individual risky decisions to take a smoky shortcut for evacuations. In the present experiment, participants’ risk tolerance was measured using questionnaires, and their route choices were recorded when they evacuated from a virtual building under different smoke scenarios. A high density of smoke reduced the use of a smoky shortcut but did not prevent some participants from using the shortcut. Participants with high-risk tolerance were more likely to take a risky shortcut. However, individual attitude towards risk is unstable; hence, the risk preference revealed in daily behaviors under a low-danger context may not reveal individual risky decisions in face of high hazards. Moreover, neighbor behavior also had a significant impact on participants’ risky decisions. The implications of our findings on evacuation training and management and evacuation simulation models were also discussed.
Toward Gesture Recognition in Robot-Assisted Surgical Procedures

Surgical gesture segmentation and recognition are important steps toward human-robot collaboration in robot-assisted surgery. In the human-robot collaboration paradigm, the robot needs to understand the surgeon's gestures to perform its tasks correctly. Therefore, training a computer vision model to segment and classify gestures in a surgery video is a focus in this field of research. In this paper, we propose a 2-phase surgical gesture recognition method and we evaluate empirically the method on JIGSAWS's suturing video dataset. Our method consists of a 3D convolutional neural network to detect the transition between 2 consecutive surgemes and a convolutional long short-term memory model for surgeme classification. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study aimed at detecting action transition in a multi-action video and to classify surgemes using an entire video portion rather than classifying individual frames. We also share our source code at https://github.comfiemiar/surgery-gesture-recog
Galcanezumab in the Prevention of Chronic Migraine in Patients on Botulinum Toxin Therapy (5257)

Objective: To Assess the Efficacy of Galcanezumab in Patients with Chronic Migraine Refractory to Botulinum Background: Chronic migraine (CM), defined by headache occurring at least 15 days per month and of which at least 8 are of the migraine type, is a major cause of morbidity. Management is aimed at both abortive and preventive therapy with the latter being of paramount importance given the impact on quality of life. Clinical evidence supports the use of botulinum toxin A and, more recently, anti-calcitonin gene related peptide (anti-CGRP) antibodies for refractory CMs. Galcanezumab, an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody that prevents CGRP from binding to its receptors, is approved for chronic migraine prophylaxis. Data on combined treatment approaches for CMs, however, are limited. Design/Methods: Ten patients (8 F, 29 ± 5.5 yr) with documented CM and treatment refractory to Botulinum Toxin A were enrolled in the study. All patients had received Botulinum therapy for at least 1 year prior to treatment with Galcanezumab. Need for abortive therapy and monthly migraine headache days (MHDs) were assessed before and after treatment with Botulinum and Galcanezumab. Patients were followed for 3 months after treatment with Galcanezumab. Results: On average, patients reported 16.4 ± 1.2 MHDs after treatment with Botulinum for 1 year. In the first month after treatment with Galcanezumab, patients reported on average of 15.9 ± 1.0 MHDs. The mean MHDs reported 3 months after treatment was 12.1 ± 1.5. All patients saw a reduction in MHD after treatment with Galcanezumab. All patients also required fewer days of abortive therapy in the 3 months following treatment with the medication – down form an average of 6.3 ± 1.1 after treatment with Botulinum to 4.9 ± 0.7 after Galcanezumab. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the use of Galcanezumab in patients with refractory CMs and a synergistic effect when combined with Botulinum. Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Govindarajan has nothing to disclose.
Attending Surgeon Influences Operative Time More Than Resident Level in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

ABSTRACT Background Prior studies on laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) have concluded that resident involvement lengthens operative time without impacting outcomes. However, the lack of effect of resident level on operative duration has not been explained. We hypothesized that attending-specific influence on average operative time for LC is more pronounced than resident post-graduate year level. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed all LC cases performed on patients 18 y and older between November 2018 and March 2020 at 2 academic medical center-affiliated hospitals. Regression models were used to compare operative times, conversion to open rates, and complication rates by attending surgeon and resident level. Results Nine hundred twenty-five LCs were performed over the study period, 862 (93.1%) with resident participation. Of the 44.5% variation in operative time was explained by differences in attending surgeon, as compared to 11.0% attributable to differences in resident level (P Conclusions Operative time for LC is primarily determined by patient- and disease-specific factors; resident level has no effect on conversion to open or complication rates. Attending influence on operative time was more pronounced than resident level influence. These findings suggest attending surgeon-related factors are more important than resident experience in determining operative duration for LC.
Hydrologic Impact of Draining Small Depressional Watersheds

A special purpose watershed model (the Minnesota Model for Depressional Watersheds) was developed to study the hydrologic impact of draining small watersheds characterized by numerous depressions. Application of the model to two small watersheds in Jackson County, Minn., indicates that drainage development increase annual runoff,storm runoff and peak discharge. The physical characteristics of the main water course in the watershed is the major factor influencing peak discharge at the watershed outlet. Examination of annual flood flows on the Minnesota River at Mankato suggests that downstream effects of drainage development on large watersheds are much less than indicated by this study on small watersheds.
Lunar Paleomagnetism: Methods and Preliminaries

The lunar samples were collected from the regolith, having been brought there by impacts that excavated them from their previous locations. The orientation in which they originally formed is therefore unknown. Thus tests of the reliability of their record depending upon planetary wide consistencies of paleomagnetic directions cannot be used, as they are on earth. Our approach has been to use internal consistencies within samples and demagnetization characteristics, which serve as fingerprints for particular types of remanent magnetization.
Robustness analysis of multivariable systems with time delays

A necessary and sufficient condition for robustness of linear time invariant (LTI) systems with multiple uncertain time delays in the framework of the structured singular value μ is derived. The robustness condition coupled with a transformation algorithm enables nonconservative robustness analysis to be performed on systems with multiple time delay uncertainties using existing robustness software. The stability margins for two benchmark state delay problems are exact to 4 significant figures. Further, robust performance is analyzed for a simplified paper machine model with 80 real rational parameter variations and 20 time delay uncertainties controlled by a time delay compensator.
MLAM Assessment of Radionuclide Air Concentration and Deposition for the Chernobyl Reactor Accident

Shortly after midnight local time on April 26, 1986, an accident involving Unit 4 of the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station resulted in the release of radioactive material to the atmosphere. The events leading to the accident are described by the USSR State Committee on the Utilization of Atomic Energy (1986) and the IAEA (1986). Briefly, power was being reduced on the 3200 MWt reactor, which had been in operation since December 1983, in preparation for a maintenance shutdown. While the reactor was at low power, an experiment was performed that resulted in one or more prompt critical excursions at 1:23 a.m. local time on April 26, 1986 (2323 GMT on April 25). These excursions led to an explosion, which destroyed the reactor, and fires that resulted in a protracted release of radioactive material to the atmosphere. Starting on April 28, helicopters dropped materials on the reactor to control the release of radioactive effluent. By May 5, 1986, the accident release was essentially over.
An algorithm for curve and surface fitting using B-splines

The problem of curve and surface fitting using B-splines is addressed. B-splines are particularly attractive interpolants due to such properties as optimal smoothness, variation diminishing, local control, and convex hull and the existence of good evaluation algorithms. The technique uses involves a geometric approach from a signal processing perspective. It starts with a straight line approximation to the given data (which corresponds to multiple knots at each point in the B-spline representation). The knots are the positions at which the piecewise polynomials meet and are initially the given data points for the interpolation. The next step in the algorithm is to reduce the number of discontinuous derivatives without perturbing the spline beyond a given tolerance. This is accomplished by removing knots so that the successive curves lie in the subspace of the original polynomial space defined by the original curve. This procedure is attractive in its ability to produce an interpolating curve that retains extremely high accuracy with a minimal number of knots or data to represent the curve. A sample curve and the spectrum of the resulting fitting error are presented as are some extensions to tensor product surface fitting. >
Revisiting gender issues: continuing police reform

This paper will discuss continuing police reform and gender issues and how the organizational culture can be moved from misogynist to inclusive. In addition, it will discuss how the community policing philosophy has caused special populations, (gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender), who under the professional model were often marginalized, can be dealt with in a manner devoid of bias or prejudice. The role of police women in the twenty-first century will also be discussed in relation to the feminist writers’ perspective as the police accept that their role has a duty of care and is not solely about crime fighting.
Perpetual Illegality: Results of Border Enforcement and Policies for Mexican Undocumented Migrants in the United States

In this paper, I will first discuss the historical development of the Mexican migrant as “illegal.” Second, I will discuss current border control and legalization policies and their effects on the undocumented population in the United States. Finally, reflecting on the effects of previous policies, I will discuss Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano's proposed “three-legged stool” and its likely effects on the undocumented population in the United States. I will argue that the current immigration system, and any future proposals that include border enforcement as the primary mechanism to stop undocumented migrants from entering the United States will likely result in the continual perpetuation of an undocumented population of Mexican migrants in the United States. This paper is informed by the ethnographic data collected from July 2009 to August 2010 in the border city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. During this time at the border, I talked to migrants deported from the United States.
l-trans-2,3-Epoxysuccinic Acid A NEW SUBSTRATE FOR FUMARASE

Abstract Fumarase from swine heart muscle has been found to catalyze the stereospecific hydration of the l isomer of trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate to yield mesotartrate. The structure of the product was established by a combination of chromatographic techniques and by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Attempts to dissociate the fumarate-hydrating activity of fumarase from the l-trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate-hydrating activity (including studies involving partial heat inactivation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis) were unsuccessful. Fumarate acted as an inhibitor of the l-trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate-hydrating activity of fumarase and l-trans-2,3-epoxysuccinate inhibited the catalysis by fumarase of the conversion of fumarate to l-malate.
Concentrator hot-spot testing, phase 1

Results of a study to determine the hot-spot susceptibility of concentrator cells, to provide a hot-spot qualification test for concentrator modules, and to provide guidelines for reducing hot-spot susceptibility are presented. Hot-spot heating occurs in a photovoltaic module when the short-circuit current of a cell is lower than the string operating current forcing the cell into reverse bias with a concurrent power dissipation. Although the basis for the concentrator module hot-spot qualification test is the test developed for flat-plate modules, issues, such as providing cell illumination, introduce additional complexities into the testing procedure. The same general guidelines apply for protecting concentrator modules from hot-spot stressing as apply to flat-plate modules. Therefore, recommendations are made on the number of bypass diodes required per given number of series cells per module or source circuit. In addition, a new method for determining the cell temperature in the laboratory or in the field is discussed.
Fast and Accurate Sentence Alignment of Bilingual Corpora

We present a new method for aligning sentences with their translations in a parallel bilingual corpus. Previous approaches have generally been based either on sentence length or word correspondences. Sentence-length-based methods are relatively fast and fairly accurate. Word-correspondence-based methods are generally more accurate but much slower, and usually depend on cognates or a bilingual lexicon. Our method adapts and combines these approaches, achieving high accuracy at a modest computational cost, and requiring no knowledge of the languages or the corpus beyond division into words and sentences.
Encapsulation of vacuum sensors in a wafer level package using a gold-silicon eutectic

A vacuum package based on gold-silicon eutectic wafer bonding has been developed and evaluated using high sensitivity poly-Si Pirani vacuum sensors. Encapsulation of the devices was achieved by bonding a silicon cap wafer to a device wafer using a Au-Si eutectic solder at or above 390/spl deg/C in a vacuum bonder. The Au-Si eutectic solder encircled the devices, providing an airtight seal. Strong bonds could be achieved using /spl ges/2.5 /spl mu/m of gold on the cap wafer, to bond to either a poly-Si film of 0.5 /spl mu/m or less, or a gold thin film patterned to the same dimensions as the cap wafer gold. Pirani gauges were encapsulated and tested over several months. Devices packaged without getters produced initial pressures from 2 to 12 torr with initial leak/outgassing rates of -0.073 to 80 torr/year. Devices packaged with Nanogetters/spl trade/ provided by ISSYS produced pressures as low as 5 mtorr with leak/outgassing rates of <10 mtorr/year.
Control of a hyperbolic problem with pointwise stress constraints

Control of a hyperbolic equation with a quadratic criterion in the presence of a pointwise constraint on the stress is considered. Existence and uniqueness of the solution is given. Approximating problems by penalized regularization are studied, and convergence and regularity results of the solutions are given.