cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact-Parameter Amplitudes for Large-Angle Potential Scattering. II

In continuation of previous study of the impact-parameter representations of potential scattering amplitudes at large angles, we have numerically evaluated and compared various approximate forms of the impact phases along the trajectories parallel to the initial, final, and average momenta. The necessity of phase averaging in the symmetric forms of the amplitudes is pointed out. None of the presently available approximations seems to be sufficiently accurate to reliably replace the phase-shift analysis at large angles.
Otis Dudley Duncan, quantitative sociologist par excellence: Path analysis, loglinear methods, and Rasch models

Abstract This article has two main purposes. The first main purpose is to take note of some of Dudley Duncan's major contributions as a quantitative sociologist, as the leader in introducing path analysis and related structural equation models to sociology, as a pioneer in applying loglinear models and related models in many different sociological contexts, and as the leader in introducing Rasch models to sociology. The second main purpose of this article is to show the reader something of Dudley Duncan, of the person and his character.
Photojournalist on the Edge: Reactions to Kevin Carter's Sudan Famine Photo

This study explores the ethical dilemma photojournalists face when professional duty conflicts with the normative ethics of the reading public. The study investigates the public's and photojournalists' perceptions of appropriate reactions to the circumstances surrounding Kevin Carter's Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph of a collapsed Sudanese girl as a vulture awaits her death. The study used an online survey to measure the perceptions of appropriate reactions. Both readers and journalists respondents perceived Carter's photograph of a Sudanese girl suffering from starvation as an accurate documentation of an important social issue. Furthermore, most agreed that the picture was newsworthy and accepted the professional journalistic ethical rationale for making the photograph. The majority indicated that they would have made the photo themselves under similar circumstances, but the readers said that would have done more to help the girl than Carter did.
Targets of attack and defense in play‐fighting of the Djungarian hamster Phodopus campbelli: Links to fighting and sex

Etude des cibles d'attaque et de defense lors du jeu. Combat (play-fighting) chez les jeunes hamsters djungariens. Cette etude est reliee aux combats chez les adultes ainsi qu'au sexe
Surfactant-polymer nanoparticles enhance the effectiveness of anticancer photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for cancer. PDT is based on the concept that photosensitizers, when exposed to light of specific wavelength, generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of killing tumor cells. The effectiveness of PDT has been limited in part by the lack of photosensitizers that accumulate sufficiently in tumor cells and poor yield of ROS from existing photosensitizers. In this report, we investigated whether aerosol OT-alginate nanoparticles can be used as a carrier to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a model photosensitizer, methylene blue. Methylene blue loaded nanoparticles were evaluated for PDT effectiveness in two cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and 4T1. Encapsulation of methylene blue in nanoparticles significantly enhanced intracellular ROS production, and the overall cytotoxicity following PDT. It also resulted in higher incidence of necrosis. Greater effectiveness of nanoparticles could be correlated with higher yield of ROS with nanoparticl...
An analytical model for the conductivity of polymeric sulfonated membranes

In this work, we present a new approach to model the conductivity of polymeric sulfonated membranes. In the first part, we develop a model for the proton conductivity in a bulk acid solution. The model describes the vehicular and structural diffusion mechanisms at different proton concentrations as a function of four parameters with well defined physical meanings. These parameters are adjusted by fitting the experimental proton conductivity in a hydrochloric acid solution. In the second part, the effects of the presence of the porous membrane on the proton conductivity are added to the model. As a result, the model predicts the membrane conductivity as a function of its hydration level and porous structure. In the absence of experimental data on the membrane porous structure, the model can be used to predict the membrane porous structure once membrane conductivities are experimentally known. In this scope, in the third part, we provide a simple analytical description of the porous membrane based on the percolation theory depending on two structure parameters. A side result of the conductivity model is to provide analytical expressions for the drag coefficient, pore diameters and water permeability. All obtained results compare very well with experimental data.
Practical Preparation of Coralyne Chloride

Abstract Coralyne chloride was prepared by a convenient process which can be adapted to large-scale synthesis of this antileukemic alkaloid.
On the Number of Reduced Decompositions of Elements of Coxeter Groups

Let r(w) denote the number of reduced decompositions of the element w of a Coxeter group W. Using the theory of symmetric functions, a formula is found for r(w) when W is the symmetric group Sn. For the element w0 ∈ Sn of longest length and certain other w ∈ Sn the formula for r(w) is particularly simple. For the hyperoctahedral group Bn some conjectures are made in analogy to the Sn case. The situation for other W remains unclear.
Analysis of cooperative management strategies against route-hijacking

Diagnosis and prevention of anomalous routing states is essential for stable inter-AS (autonomous system) routing management. In particular, the route hijack problem, which is one of the major inter-AS routing-management issues, requires cooperation among multiple ASs for effective detection and prevention. However, this effectiveness highly differs depending on 1) where hijacking and hijacked ASs are located on the AS topology, and 2) what cooperative strategies are used for detecting and filtering hijacking-routes. Because there are no central authority or common framework on the Internet, it is important to analyze the effectiveness of management actions based on cooperative strategies, especially using statistical methods to cope with complex situations. This paper focuses on the analysis and quantification of the effectiveness of cooperative hijack-prevention strategies from the viewpoint of adjacency relations of cooperative ASs. Simulation results that use an actual Internet topology and policy relations demonstrate that simple cooperative strategies organizing selected neighboring ASs into a cluster are sufficiently effective for route-hijack prevention even if only a small part of ASs participate these strategies.
Efferent fibers from the motor cortex terminate bilaterally in the thalamus of rats and cats

The anterograde transport of lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was here employed in order to visualize crossed cortico-thalamic efferents of the motor cortex in rats and cats. After WGA-HRP cortical injections in the rat retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the ipsilateral thalamus, and heavy anterograde labeling was observed both in the ipsi-and contralateral thalamus. The contralateral anterograde labeling was less intense than the ipsilateral one and it was distributed in the anterior intralaminar structures, in the parafascicular nucleus, in the ventromedial, ventrolateral and ventrobasal nuclei and in the posterior complex, symmetrically to the labeling observed on the ipsilateral side. Further experiments were made in the rat in order to ascertain that the bilateral anterograde labeling in the thalamus derived unilaterally from the cortex. To this purpose, kainic acid was injected unilaterally either into the frontal cortex or into the thalamus, and WGA-HRP was later injected on the same side in the frontal cortex. Moreover, WGA-HRP was injected into the frontal cortex after splitting of the corpus callosum. The results obtained in these experiments confirmed that cortical neurons projected bilaterally upon the thalamus. Further, these experiments indicated that at least the majority of the contralateral fronto-thalamic fibers crossed the midline in the thalamic massa intermedia. WGA-HRP injections into the pericruciate cortex in the cat confirmed the presence of anterogradely labeled terminals in the contralateral anterior and posterior intralaminar, ventral anterior, ventromedial and ventrolateral nuclei. The labeling was in all cases heavier in the intralaminar nuclei than in the other structures, but it was less intense than that observed in the rat. The labeling in the contralateral principal nuclei was heavier in one case in which the injection area diffused into the proreal cortex than in the other cats. Thus, the present results indicate that frontal efferents terminate more densely in the rat's than in the cat's contralateral thalamus. In the latter species frontal fibers are mainly distributed upon the contralateral intralaminar nuclei, whereas in the rat frontal efferents are also heavily distributed upon the ventral nuclear complex.
Optimal location of a path or tree on a network with cycles

This paper concerns the problem of locating a path- or tree-shaped facility on a network. For median and center, min and max problems, we consider on which classes of networks the optimal facility location can be found in polynomial time. Some of these problems can be solved on series-parallel graphs, but by high-order polynomial- or pseudo-polynomial-time algorithms. Many of the problems that use pseudo-polynomial time are shown to be NP-complete on outerplanar graphs, a subset of series-parallel graphs.
Stoichiometric composition of platinum, iridium and platinum-iridium catalytic precursors

Abstract Numerous investigations suggest that the mobility of surface species is a requirement for the formation of bimetal clusters. A factor affecting this phenomenon is the strength of metal precursor-support interactions. Therefore, information on the nature/composition of the precursor is of importance in the study of bimetal clusters. The objective of this study is to assess the stoichiometry of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , 11.4% TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 and 0.87% Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 supported platinum, iridium and platinum-iridium precursors. This has been achieved by using two complementary experimental techniques, temperature-programmed reduction (TPRd) and thermogravimetry (TG). The amount of hydrogen consumed and the observed weight change during reduction have been shown to result from two factors, precursor reduction and support reduction. The results indicate that PtCl 4 , IrCl 3 and PtCl 4 -IrCl 3 exist as supported entities after the catalysts, prepared from H 2 PtCl 6 and H 2 IrCl 6 , are dried at 423 K in air. The relative strength of metal-support interactions has been assessed; the TPRd results suggest that, for a given metal, the metal-support interactions are stronger in the case of Al 2 O 3 compared to TiO 2 . The study also shows that bimetal formation in the platinum-iridium system does not occur during drying.
In Vitro Activity of Gentamicin and Minocycline Alone and in Combination Against Bacteria Associated with Intra-Abdominal Sepsis

Abstract The minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin and minocycline alone and in combination were determined by a broth microdilution method for 100 aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic isolates representative of pathogens recovered from patients with intra-abdominal sepsis. Gentamicin inhibited all strains of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in concentrations of 0.4 to 3.1 μg/ml and all strains of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in concentrations of 0.8 to 12.5 μg/ml. Whereas minocycline did not consistently inhibit these organisms in concentrations of 1.6 μg or less/ml, it did act synergistically with gentamicin against 43% of the Enterobacteriaceae tested in clinically achievable concentrations; significant synergy was most common with E. coli (60%). Minocycline inhibited 62% of Bacteroides fragilis, 71% of Clostridium, 40% of anaerobic cocci, and 40% of enterococci tested in concentrations of 1.6 μg or less/ml. Whereas gentamicin rarely inhibited these organisms in concentrations of 6.2 μg or less/ml, it did act synergistically with minocycline against 20% of B. fragilis, 67% of Clostridium, 22% of anaerobic cocci, and 22% of enterococci (which had minimal inhibitory concentrations of minocycline within the range tested) at clinically achievable concentrations. Although only four (13%) of the 30 isolates resistant to both gentamicin and minocycline alone were inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations of the combination, the observed synergy, particularly against strains of E. coli, was considered to be of potential clinical usefulness. Antagonism between gentamicin and minocycline was not observed at the concentrations tested.
Sunset and the orientation of a nocturnal migrant bird

THE information required for compass orientation among migratory birds is potentially available in the form of numerous environmental stimuli or cues1. Most passerine migrants complete their annual migrations at night, and their orientation is though to depend on a star compass or one based on geomagnetic stimuli1. The pioneering work of Kramer2 suggested that the setting sun may play a part in the migratory orientation of birds, but this possibility attracted little attention until more recently1. I present here the first experimental evidence that directional information at the time of sunset plays a crucial part in the compass orientation of a nocturnal migrant Passerculus sandwichensis, the savannah sparrow.
Another look at the 1960 Perth to Bermuda long‐range acoustic propagation experiment

[1] During a 1960 experiment on long-range ocean acoustic propagation, the signals of explosive shots made near Perth, Australia were recorded by a hydrophone array at Bermuda. The acoustic paths followed by those pulses are recalculated using a modern atlas for global ocean sound speed. The blocking or refractive effects of topographic features, besides continents, are ignored in this simple calculation. No direct path to the hydrophone array is obtained, and the array is found to be in the acoustic shadow by 300–400 km. The large energy of the 300-lb explosive sound sources required for adequate SNR at the receiver also points to a shadowed reception. Given nominal estimates for temperature warming on the sound channel axis due to climate change, the experiment repeated today would give signals that arrive 12 s earlier, but this signal could not be reliably measured because of intra-annual variability.
The impact of land use — land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: a satellite perspective

Abstract Vegetation cover, surface moisture availability (wetness) and radiant surface temperature constitute microclimatic variables derivable from multi-spectral satellite imagery. In addition, fraction impervious surface cover and urban-induced surface runoff (RO) are obtainable from such imagery when it is combined with a conventional image classification. Using AVHRR and Landsat TM data, we illustrate how these parameters respond to urbanization with a case study of Chester County, PA — a region that has undergone rapid urban development over the past decade. Specific factors affecting the change in the surface microclimatic variables are discussed. Based on a statistical analysis of the Chester County data, future values of these microclimatic parameters can be predicted, given the characteristics of the initial land surface and an estimate of the change in vegetation and urban coverage.
The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874

In the late 1700s, when Euro-Americans began to visit the Northwest Coast, they reported the presence of vigorous, diverse cultures-among them the Tlingit, Haida, Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl), Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka), Coast Salish, and Chinookans-with a population conservatively estimated at over 180,000. A century later only about 35,000 were left. The change was brought about by the introduction of diseases that had originated in the Eastern Hemisphere, such as smallpox, malaria, measles, and influenza. The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence examines the introduction of infectious diseases among the Indians of the Northwest Coast culture area (present-day Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade Mountains, British Columbia west of the Coast Range, and southeast Alaska) in the first century of contact and the effects of these new diseases on Native American population size, structure, interactions, and viability. The emphasis is on epidemic diseases and specific epidemic episodes. In most parts of the Americas, disease transfer and depopulation occurred early and are poorly documented. Because of the lateness of Euro-American contact in the Pacific Northwest, however, records are relatively complete, and it is possible to reconstruct in some detail the processes of disease transfer and the progress of specific epidemics, compute their demographic impact, and discern connections between these processes and culture change. Boyd provides a thorough compilation, analysis, and comparison of information gleaned from many published and archival sources, both Euro-American (trading-company, mission, and doctors' records; ships' logs; diaries; and Hudson's Bay Company and government censuses) and Native American (oral traditions and informant testimony). The many quotations from contemporary sources underscore the magnitude of the human suffering. The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence is a definitive study of introduced diseases in the Pacific Northwest.
NMR studies of drugs. Applications of a chiral lanthanide shift reagent to methoxamine in chloroform-d or acetonitrile-d3

The 1H NMR spectra of racemic (erythro) methoxamine free base, 1, 1-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzenemethanol, have been studied at or near ambient temperatures in CDCl3 or CD3CN with the added c...
The trail less traveled: making computing labs usable by removing barriers

IT professionals are inundated with information on how to restrict computers and networks with the intent to preserve functionality and limit security threats. It only seems sensible that this would result in less work for IT professionals. However, what most institutions are not paying attention to is how much time is spent on balancing the locking down of a system versus rendering it useless for their constituents. Of particular concern to resource-starved IT departments, locking down a machine seldom results in the promised recovery of staff time.Generation Y has grown up in a multi-tasking world. They simultaneously listen to streamed music, chat online, perform online searches, play games, and work on homework. They have an expectation that 'their' labs reflect their learning methods.Therefore, at the University of Rochester we have chosen a different path, and have focused on allowing the current generation of students to learn in the way they are most accustomed to. We have removed the typical barriers to using a computer so that the labs are extensions of a student's home learning environment. In the process we have reduced maintenance time spent per machine, doubled the number of machines we are able to maintain, and witnessed a marked increase in lab usage---when the majority of students recently surveyed have their own computers.
The phase transition and reorientational fluctuations in pyridinium iodide crystal investigated by raman scattering

Abstract The order-disorder character of the transition in pyridinium iodide at 247 K is apparent from the relaxation of the zone-centre selection rules in the Raman spectra. Divergence of the librational modes bandwidth suggests that fluctuations in the out-of-plane orientation of the pyridinium ions exist in both the low- and high-temperature phases
THE EFFECT OF THE SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE AND YIELD EXPRESSIONS ON THE EXISTENCE OF OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR OF A CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION MODEL

(1980). THE EFFECT OF THE SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE AND YIELD EXPRESSIONS ON THE EXISTENCE OF OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR OF A CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION MODEL. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 333-347.
Diester waxes from skin lipids of the feet of biotin depleted and biotin supplemented turkey poults.

The neutral lipids of the skin from the feet of turkey poults fed a biotin supplemented or a biotin deficient diet consist mainly of triacylglycerols, and of mono- and diester waxes. Diester waxes from both groups were characterized as fatty acid esters oferythro-2,3-alkanediols. A comparison between fatty acid composition of the two groups, however, revealed the following significant differences. Biotin deficient birds showed a fairly high concentration of very long chain fatty acids (C36–C40) which were completely absent in biotin supplemented birds. Further, almost one-third of the fatty acids of diester waxes in biotin deficient birds were unsaturated while those from biotin supplemented birds were predominantly (96%) saturated.
Detection and Determination of Equilibrium Vacancy Concentrations in Aluminum

In order to obtain a direct information concerning the equilibrium vacancy concentrations and the energy of formation of a vacancy in Al, a method of combining the bulk and lattice thermal expansion measurements was used. In the present work, only the lattice thermal expansion measurements on 99.996% pure Al were made. The data obtained were analyzed using bulk thermal expansion data on Al of the same purity available in the literature. The concentration of vacancies increases exponentially with temperature and its value at the melting point is (1.1±0.2)×10 -3 and the energy of formation of a vacancy is estimated to be (0.64±0.12) e V .
Developing educational programmes for nurses that meet today's addiction challenges.

Abstract Since undergraduate curricula have in the past offered little substance abuse content, bold and innovative educational programmes are necessary to prepare nurses for the addiction challenges of the 1990s. The University of Kansas and the American Nurses' Foundation (ANF) recently addressed the problem when they were jointly funded by the John W. and Effie E. Speas Memorial Trust to present an alcohol and other drug education project targeted to nurses practicing in the local community. 60 nurses in key clinical settings were given an opportunity to receive general information about substance abuse through two, 2-day workshops. The purposes of the project were; (1) to plan and develop materials for an alcohol and other drug abuse (AODA) curriculum for practicing nurses in a variety of clinical areas; (2) to assess the effectiveness of the programme through on-site and post-workshop participant evaluations; (3) and to refine the curriculum and materials according to evaluation data. Results indicated that participants' knowledge of AODA was significantly increased by the workshop. Attitudes also changed in two areas, permissiveness and belief in treatment interventions. Decreased permissiveness toward substance abuse persisted 3 months after the workshop indicating this may be a lasting change. The conclusion is that education can lead to a change in knowledge and attitudes toward substance abuse.
A robust forecasting technique for inventory and leadtime management

Abstract Inventory stocking problems with stochastic demand typically involve an estimate of the location of some fractile of the demand distribution, where the fractile is usually in the 0.8-0.99 range. This fractile is termed the “service level” and is the probability that demands will be satisfied from stock on hand. An analogous procedure must be followed to set safety times or time buffers for delivery and supply lead times. The conventional approach of using the Normal model to estimate this location can sometimes be misleading since it primarily uses information about the center of the distribution to predict behavior in the tail of the distribution. A new method based on a mixture model is proposed to estimate the location of the appropriate fractile directly. A formal Bayesian approach is derived and heuristic smoothing methods are developed. Simulation is used to evaluate the methods. The estimate obtained is biased in general but robust in the sense that it works well for a variety of distributions. The performance of this method appears to be superior to the conventional Mean - MAD approach. The method is particularly well suited to application in base-stock inventory systems and for safety time determination in supply management when leadtimes are variable.
Transformation of Bacillus subtilis with DNA‐encoding naphthalene degradation from Bacillus megaterium

The ability to degrade [14C]-naphthalene was transferred from Bacillus megaterium to B. subtilis by extracting B. megaterium DNA and introducing it into B. subtilis using the protoplast-polyethylene glycol method. Naphthalene degradation was indicated by the accumulation of water soluble 14C activity and the presence of a unique solvent-extractable metabolite on TLC analysis. In addition, resistance to dibenzofuran, p-chlorobiphenyl, and naphthalene (as demonstrated by lack of growth inhibition by these compounds) was transferred by the same technique. B. megaterium ATCC 13368 and derivatives conditioned to the presence of each of these three chemicals were used as DNA donors. B. subtilis transformants showed greater resistance to the chemical to which the DNA donor B. megaterium had been conditioned.
In vivo detection of osteoarthritis in the hand with three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography

This paper presents a pilot clinical study in detecting osteoarthritis (OA) in the hand using threedimensional (3-D) photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Distal interphalangeal (DIP) finger joints from OA patients and healthy volunteers were imaged with our 3-D PAT system in a spherical scanning configuration. Absorption coefficient images of the joint tissue were obtained using our finite element based photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithm coupled with the photon diffusion equation. The recovered quantitative photoacoustic images revealed significant differences in the absorption coefficient of the joint cavity (cartilage and synovial fluid) between the OA and healthy joints. Quantitative analysis of the joints also indicated an apparent difference in the recovered joint spacing between OA and healthy subjects, which is in agreement with the clinical observations. This study suggests that 3D PAT has the potential to become a useful tool for diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
Smart Switch Metamaterials for Multiband Radio Frequency Antennas

We investigate metal–matrix composite metamaterials with embedded electrical switches made of shape memory nickel–titanium (Ni–Ti) for use in broadband radio frequency (RF) antennas. Experiments sh...
X-ray computed tomography of a gas-sparged stirred-tank reactor

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to explore the differences in gas dispersion in a stirred-tank reactor (STR) for different operating conditions by varying the impeller speed and gas flow rate. X-ray imaging has been carried out in a 0.21 m ID acrylic STR equipped with a nylon Rushton-type impeller. From the CT images, major differences in local gas holdup are observed for different operating conditions. Completely dispersed conditions have a relatively uniform holdup profile while flooded conditions show a high gas holdup near the impeller shaft. The high resolution of the X-ray system allowed fine details such as recirculation regions behind the baffles to be visualized.
Esmolol as an anaesthetic adjunct in ambulatory surgery

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of esmolol and fentanyl as anaesthetic adjuncts. Forty healthy patients presenting for laparoscopic tubal fulguration were randomly assigned to either an esmolol or fentanyl protocol, as part of a nitrous oxide/muscle relaxant anaesthetic technique. Blood pressure and heart rates, measured pre- and post-induction and intubation, showed no significant differences nor did the times of return of cognitive function and extubation respectively. Patients from the esmolol group were both ambulatory and discharged significantly sooner than the fentanyl group. The incidence of nausea and urinary retention, combined as adverse recovery room events were significantly higher in the fentanyl group. Esmolol proved to be a satisfactory substitute for narcotics in a nitrous oxide/relaxant anaesthetic technique and was associated with shorter times to ambulation and discharge.
A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR DC VOLTAGE STABILITY MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

Abstract An instrument for the purpose of monitoring the stability of dc voltage sources, has been constructed and tested. The instrument is an operational invertor, which uses a vibrating reed electrometer and capacitors as input and feedback elements. This arrangement yields an output voltage signal which is an amplified version of the input voltage change, with the dc level subtracted out. The main advantages consist of the elimination of the usual resistance divider and reference voltage problems, as well as the imposition of negligible steady-state loading on the source. Useful time intervals depend upon the magnitudes of the observed voltage fluctuations and range from a few minutes to a few days. The system has been tested in the voltage range up to 1 kV, and holds promise for applications to 10 kV or higher. Changes in the voltage source as small as 1 part in 10 7 can be displayed easily and with a minimum of ambiguity.
Magnetotransport of magnetite nanoparticle arrays

We combine a material self-assembly with conventional lithographic processes in order to fabricate magnetoelectronic devices composed of ordered three-dimensional arrays of magnetite $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})$ nanoparticles. The device magnetoresistance reaches 35% at 60 K, corresponding to an electron spin polarization of 73%. Magnetoresistance of 12% remains at room temperature. Magnetoresistance decreases with both increasing temperature and bias voltage, however, the magnetoresistance of nanoparticle-based structures is only weakly dependent on the voltage---a favorable attribute for application to electronics.
A decision support system for fisheries management using operations research and systems science approach

In this paper, we present a general framework, using a systems science approach, for developing a decision support system (DSS) for fisheries management. Decision support systems are quantitative tools for managers to evaluate outcomes of their policies prior to implementation. Our fishery model considers multiple stocks and fisheries simultaneously in balancing catch among targeted and protected fish abundances. Since in the Northeastern US multispecies fishery the distribution of abundance, catch-per-unit-effort and bycatch vary geographically, we focus on a spatial management approach to address their spatial variability. The core component of this DSS applies operations research techniques of simulation and optimization to determine the optimal inter-annual and intra-annual fishing plans in terms of fishing efforts in each sub-area and the time period. The result is the recommended amount to catch from each fish species at each sub-area at any time period so that while management objectives for sustainability of fish stocks are satisfied, the value of landings is maximized. The graphical user interface of the proposed DSS helps users to define inputs, to set constraints and sub-area boundaries, and to visualize the outcomes.
Rapid acquisition but slow extinction of an attentional bias in space

Substantial research has focused on the allocation of spatial attention based on goals or perceptual salience. In everyday life, however, people also direct attention using their previous experience. Here we investigate the pace at which people incidentally learn to prioritize specific locations. Participants searched for a T among Ls in a visual search task. Unbeknownst to them, the target was more often located in one region of the screen than in other regions. An attentional bias toward the rich region developed over dozens of trials. However, the bias did not rapidly readjust to new contexts. It persisted for at least a week and for hundreds of trials after the target's position became evenly distributed. The persistence of the bias did not reflect a long window over which visual statistics were calculated. Long-term persistence differentiates incidentally learned attentional biases from the more flexible goal-driven attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Long-term central venous access through the ovarian vein

This is a case report of a patient, totally dependent on parenteral nutrition, with thrombosis of the superior vena cava and infrarenal inferior vena cava. The ovarian vein was the most accessible route for placement of a long-term indwelling catheter. We describe a technique of central venous access via the ovarian vein through a lower midline laparotomy.
Measurement of excreted steroids in Macaca nemestrina

A practical method for the quantitative measurement of the estrogenic steroid estradiol-17β in the feces of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) is described. The method, which includes homogenization, filtration, ether extraction, and sephadex purification, produces an 85.3% recovery of 3H-estradiol. Comparable recovery of 3H-progesterone (64.1%) and 3H-testoster-one (67.9%) is also obtained. Estradiol, measured by radioimmunoassay methodology, has inter- and intra-assay variations of 7.1% and 4.3%, respectively. Linearity of estradiol was checked by varying the amount of feces analyzed. Results show a correlation of 0.9945, Y = 32.526x + 0.205. Accuracy of estradiol, determined by adding radioinert estradiol to the feces before homogenization, was 98.7% with a correlation of 0.9950, Y = 1.027x - 0.543. The menstrual cycles of several animals were analyzed and corresponded well with serum levels of estradiol-17β. Similar correspondence was obtained in matched fecal and serum samples from pregnant animals. These methods provide a practical and accurate solution to the problem of collecting hormone data in field studies without the potential complications of capture in laboratory research.
Determination of felodipine, its enantiomers, and a pyridine metabolite in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

Sensitive methods based on capillary gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection in a selected-ion monitoring mode (SIM) for the determination of racemic felodipine, its enantiomers, and a pyridine metabolite in human plasma are described. Following liquid-liquid extraction from plasma, enantiomers of felodipine were separated on a chiral HPLC column (Chiralcel OJ) and fractions containing each isomer were collected on a continuous basis using a fraction collector. These fractions were later analyzed by GC-MS-SIM. A similar method based on GC-MS-SIM detection was developed for the determination of racemic felodipine and its pyridine metabolite with a minor modification of sample preparation. The limits of quantitation in plasma were 0.1 ng/ml for both the R(+)- and S(-)-enantiomers of felodipine and 0.5 ng/ml for both racemic felodipine and its pyridine metabolite. The stereoselective assay was used to support a clinical study with racemic felodipine, and was capable of analyzing more than 30 plasma samples per day.
Stability of boreholes drilled through salt formations displaying plastic behavior

This paper presents a mathematical and laboratory analysis that provides solutions to the problem of plastic flow of salt formations into wellbores. The paper predicts how the salt will flow and what type of mud might be used to control such flow for various well conditions. In the mathematical analysis, it is assumed that the incipience of plasticity in the formation is regulated by the level of octahedral shear stress and that the formation is neither permeable nor porous, but homogeneous and isotropic. The stress distribution in the neighborhood of the borehold is studied, and conditions under which this distribution is elastic, elastoplastic, or plastic are determined. Equations are derived that, in terms of two constants of the formation material, yield, and the limit of elasticity. Factors calculated include the radius of the plastic front and the percent of the borehole-diameter shrinkage as a function of mud weight used. This study was prompted by past failures in drilling through the Louann salt formation at depths of 12,500 to 14,000 ft (3810 to 4270 m), a formation that exhibits rapid plastic flow at low mud weights and at temperatures and pressures encountered. The techniques presented were applied to subsequent drilling ofmore » this salt section, and the zone was penetrated without the problem of plastic flow.« less
Ginseng reduces the micronuclei yield in lymphocytes after irradiation.

Abstract To assess the effect of Chinese ginseng in modifying the radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) yield in human G o peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we conducted the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) MN assay in blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers ( n =4). Before 137 Cs ex vivo irradiation, mononuclear cell cultures from each sample were incubated 24 h with different concentrations (0–2000 μg ml −1 ) of crude water extract of ginseng dry root. We found that (1) at 0 Gy and without the presence of ginseng, MN yield (mean±S.E.M.) was 11.7±2.7 per 1000 binucleated (BN) cells. Different concentrations of ginseng crude water extract did not affect the MN yields and the proliferative activity of PBL; (2) after 1 and 2 Gy exposure, radiation alone sharply increased the MN yields, respectively, to 119.6±17.4 and 340.5±20.9 per 1000 BN cells. However, treatment with ginseng for 24 h before radiation exposure, resulted in a significant linear decline of MN yields as ginseng concentration increases. Compared to radiation alone, the extent to which ginseng water extract reduced the MN yields induced by 1 Gy exposure was 46.0% at 1500 μg ml −1 and 61.5% at 2000 μg ml −1 , and with 2 Gy exposure, it was 38.6% at 1500 μg ml −1 and 46.5% at 2000 μg ml −1 ; (3) MN data suggested a tendency for overdispersion relative to the Poisson model; and (4) over the different levels of ginseng concentrations, the trend in micronucleated BN index was as similar as that of the MN yields. These results indicated that (1) ginseng crude water extract exerts no apparent cytogentic effect on human PBL at concentrations up to 2000 μg ml −1 as evaluated by the CBMN assay; and (2) the protection of ginseng water extract against 137 Cs-induced MN in human PBL is concentration-dependence. Therefore, our findings indicated that ginseng may have therapeutic value as a possible radioprotector for normal tissue during radiotherapy of cancer patients.
Shock hugoniot and release in concrete with different aggregate sizes from 3 to 23 GPa

A series of controlled impact experiments has been performed to determine the shock loading and release behavior of two types of concrete, differentiated by aggregate size, but with average densities varying by less than 2 percent. Hugoniot stress and subsequent release data was collected over a range of approximately 3 to 25 GPa using a plate reverberation technique in combination with velocity interferometry. The results of the current data are compared to those obtained in previous studies on concrete with a different aggregate size but similar density. Results indicate that the average loading and release behavior are comparable for the three types of concrete discussed in this paper. Residual strain is also indicated from these measurements.
Villous capillary lesions of the placenta : Distinctions between chorangioma, chorangiomatosis, and chorangiosis

Chorangioma (CA), chorangiosis (CH), and chorangiomatosis (CM) are incompletely understood and overlapping villous capillary (VC) lesions believed by some to be related to hypoxia. In this study, we reviewed all cases of CA (n = 36, 0.51%) and CM (n = 39, 0.55%) diagnosed in 7,062 placentas examined at our institution between 1990 and 1999. CH was evaluated in a subsample of 689 cases (n = 46, 6.67%). Controls were derived from cases in the subsample (n = 639) without any VC lesions. Most CA were incidental findings measuring less than 0.5 cm. Nodular and multinodular morphologic variants were otherwise similar. CA were most frequently located under the chorionic plate and at the placental margins and occasionally showed nonspecific trophoblast hyperplasia (Ki-67-positive) similar to that seen in partial moles. CA and CM shared associations with preeclampia, multiple gestation, and premature delivery at 32 to 26 weeks and had a significant co-occurrence rate. Cases of CM were separated into focal, segmental, and diffuse multifocal subgroups. Diffuse multifocal CM (n = 16) showed associations with extreme prematurity (<32 weeks), congenital malformations, IUGR, delayed villous maturation, avascular villi, and placentomegaly, which were not seen in the other 2 localized subgroups. CH lacked the associations noted for CA and CM, was not increased in placentas with CA or CM, and was most frequent at greater than 37 weeks. CH was positively associated with maternal diabetes, placentomegaly, delayed villous maturation, and chronic villitis. Finally, CH lacked the continuous perivascular layer of muscle-specific actin (MSA)-positive pericytes and the multifibrillar lattice-like reticulin pattern seen in both CA and CM. In conclusion, CA and localized CM are clinically and morphologically similar lesions distinct from CH. Diffuse multifocal CM is morphologically similar to CA and localized CM, but has a distinct clinicopathologic profile.
Test and Research for Mercury Emission of Boilers in 700 MW Units

In this paper, the conversion process and the existing forms of mercury in the course of coal firing are first analyzed, and different methods to measure mercury are introduced; To assess the mercury emission levels of boilers in large power plants, through testing the mercury content in combustion products of the boiler in 700 MW unit under different loads in one power plant of Jiangxi Province, we analyzed the formation distribution of mercury emissions and the effect of low temperature economizer on the mercury concentration before and after the ESP, and acquired the mercury emission characteristics of 700 MW boiler. In study, we found that mercury in the coal burnt in 700 MW boiler was mainly discharged in the form of gas, with a small amount existing in burnt solids. The change of gaseous mercury before and after the ESP is not obvious, but the concentration of bivalent mercury is higher than that of zero-valent mercury; and more than 90% of the particulate mercury is removed. The low temperature economizer in operation can obviously reduce the concentration of mercury in flue gas at the ESP outlet by 30.8%.
Influence of Temperature on Low-Power Upconversion in Rubbery Polymer Blends

The upconverting properties of a dye cocktail composed of palladium(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP, triplet sensitizer) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA, triplet acceptor/annihilator) were investigated as a function of temperature in several low glass transition temperature (Tg) polymer hosts including an ethyleneoxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer (EO-EPI) and the polyurethanes Texin 270, Texin 285, and Tecoflex EG-80A. Selective excitation of PdOEP at 544 nm in the presence of DPA in these materials resulted in anti-Stokes blue emission from DPA, a consequence of sensitized triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) photochemistry, confirmed by the quadratic dependence of the upconverted fluorescence intensity with respect to incident light power. The upconversion process was completely suppressed by cooling a PdOEP/DPA blend film to below the Tg of the respective polymer. However, the blue emission was clearly visible by the naked eye upon heating these films to room temperature (290 K). Subsequently, the upconvert...
Thermic effect of feeding in man: Increased plasma norepinephrine levels following glucose but not protein or fat consumption

In seven healthy male subjects, intake of 100 g protein hydrolysate produced significantly greater increments in energy expenditure than intake of 100 g glucose, 44 g fat, or a noncaloric control solution during the first 4 hr postcibum. Glucose and fat intake produced similar increments in energy expenditure. In contrast to the effects on thermogenesis, protein and fat intake did not alter sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, as estimated by plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels, whereas glucose intake significantly increased NE levels. Plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin were stimulated by glucose intake to a much greater level than by protein intake, and were unaffected by ingestion of the fat and control solutions. Pulse rate significantly increased following ingestion of all nutrients compared to pulse rate changes during the control test. These data support the traditional concept of a greater thermic effect of protein than of carbohydrate or fat, but the possibility of SNS involvement in the thermic effect of protein and fat is not supported.
Profiling adult intussusception patients: comparing colonic versus enteric intussusception

Abstract Background Adult intussusception is a rare entity representing 1% of all adult bowel obstruction, hospital admissions secondary to intussusception historically has ranged between .003% and .02%. There is limited knowledge regarding enteric and colonic surgical intussusception patients and their associated conditions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using data from the National Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2006. The inclusion criteria were surgical patients with intussusception. Results A total of 1,178 cases of intussusception requiring surgery were isolated from the database. The mean patient age was 49.57 years, about 58% were females, 99.43% of this population was insured, and the overall mortality rate was 1.70%. Colonic resection was associated with greater mortality compared with the enteric resection group ( P = .018). Conclusions This was a large study on surgical adult intussusception patients conducted in the United States. We show differences in demography, comorbidities, and potential causes between colonic and enteric intussusception.
Analytical solutions for the ACC and its overturning circulation

An explicit analytical model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is presented in which the key feature is the balance between the Eulerian circulation acting to overturn the isopycnals and geostrophic eddies which tend to flatten them. Solutions for the stratification and overturning circulation are obtained by expanding the governing residual mean equations of motion in a small parameter (e) which measures the relative strength of the surface buoyancy flux and mechanical forcing by winds. Our balanced asymptotic model extends and reconciles the earlier views on the dynamics of the (streamwise-averaged) ACC by demonstrating that the zero order balance between the eddy-induced circulation and the mean flow determines gross features of the buoyancy distribution in the interior of the ACC. The diabatic buoyancy fluxes are essential in driving the secondary (residual) circulation which is, however, largely steered along the pathways set by the dominant adiabatic balance. Model assumptions are supported by a close agreement of the analytical solutions and fully nonlinear numerical calculations.
Defining what digital curators do and what they need to know: the digccurr project

The DigCCurr (Digital Curation Curriculum) project is developing a graduate level curricular framework, course modules, and experiential components to prepare students for digital curation in various environments. This paper summarizes a draft and guiding principles behind a matrix of digital curation knowledge and competencies, which are serving as the basis for our curriculum design efforts.