cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE): FIELD HOSTS AND MULTIPLE PARASITISM IN NORTH CAROLINA

Trichogramma spp. were reared from eggs of six families of Lepidoptera and two families of Neuroptera, collected from a variety of host plants in campestral habitats of central and eastern North Carolina. The species collected and frequency among 705 parasitized host eggs (mostly Heliothis spp., Ogdoconta cinereola (Guenee), and Diatraea crambidoides (Grote) or Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)) were Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner, 610; T. parkeri Nagarkatti, 30; T. pretiosum Riley, 25; T. maltbyi Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, 9; T. minutum Riley, 8; T. nomlaki Pinto and Oatman, 2; T. nubilale Ertle and Davis, 1. Also, 20 host eggs were parasitized by more than one of these species. The data support the generalization that Trichogramma spp. are highly polyphagous and that a number of species occur in close ecological association.
Health Literacy and Informed Consent Materials: Designed for Documentation, Not Comprehension of Health Research

Minority populations with health disparities are underrepresented in research designed to address those disparities. One way to improve minority representation is to use community-based participatory methods to overcome barriers to research participation, beginning with the informed consent process. Relevant barriers to participation include lack of individual or community awareness or acceptance of research processes and purposes. These barriers are associated with limited health literacy. To inform recommendations for an improved consent process, we examined 97 consent documents and 10 associated Institutional Review Board websites to determine their health literacy demands and degree of adherence to principles of community-based research. We assessed the reading level of consent documents and obtained global measures of their health literacy demand by using the Suitability and Comprehensibility Assessment of Materials instrument. Although these documents were deemed suitable as medical forms, their readability levels were inappropriate, and they were unsuitable for educating potential participants about research purposes. We also assessed consent forms and Institutional Review Board policies for endorsement of community-based participatory principles, finding that very few acknowledged or adhered to such principles. To improve comprehension of consent documents, we recommend restructuring them as educational materials that adhere to current health literacy guidelines.
Physics Beyond the Standard Model

The SM has been demonstrated as successful by many measurements performed at high-energy experiments. In particular, the discovery of a new particle compatible with the SM scalar boson, considered as the cornerstone of the SM, has consecrated the theory. However there are strong indications that the SM is only a low-energy expression of a more global theory. If new physics shows up beyond the SM, it could be related to the scalar sector.
A Clinical Listening Analogy for Study of Listening Style in Psychiatric Residents

A tape recording of a 17 minute fragment of a psychotherapy was rated by a panel of experienced psychoanalysts who identified twenty-two cues which they felt reflected the patient’s concern with termination of treatment. The ability of 20 psychiatric residents to detect these cues was found to correlate with their overall performance in the residency program. A correlation was also found between the number of cues detected and individual differences in the residents’ listening style. Listening style was conceptualized as extending, at one extreme, from a critical, focused attention to, at another extreme, a holistic, free floating attitude. Two measures of listening style were used: eyeblink rate and memory for high imagery words. The clinical listening analogy may be useful in the training and evaluation of progress in the acquisition of clinical skills.
Critique of Tracking Quintessence

Recent observations show that quintessence, if it exists, must now be crawling, even if it once was tracking. This means that any quintessence field stopped tracking relatively early, that the quintessence potential now has appreciable curvature, so that the equation of state w Q (z) is still reducing for accessible redshifts. The observational bound on w Q rejects constant w Q and inverse-power potentials, but allows the SUGRA potential for a range of initial curvature values.
Evidentialism, Time-Slice Mentalism, and Dreamless Sleep

I argue that the following theses are both popular among evidentialists but also jointly inconsistent with evidentialism: (1) Time-Slice Mentalism: one’s justificational properties at t are grounded only by one’s mental properties at t; (2) Experience Ultimacy: all ultimate evidence is experiential; and (3) Sleep Justification: we have justified beliefs while we have dreamless, nonexperiential sleep. Although I intend for this paper to be a polemic against evidentialists, it can also be viewed as an opportunity for them to clarify their views. Furthermore, the paper is not only relevant to evidentialists. For example, the arguments of this paper could give Time-Slice Mentalists a reason to deny evidentialism.
Estimation of parameters quantifying porosity in random porous structures using ultrasonic attenuation: Solving the inverse problem

The goal of this study is to estimate the porosity (pore size and density) of numerically simulated random porous three-dimensional structures mimicking simplified geometries of cortical bone using attenuation of ultrasonic waves in the MHz range. To do so, we use a physics-based model derived from the Independent Scattering Approximation (ISA) to mathematically model the attenuation of elastic waves in porous structures as a function of the parameters that we wish to identify: pore size and density. Frequency-dependent attenuation data are generated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations in the range of 1–8 MHz in mono-disperse structures with the pore diameter and density ranging from 100 to 200 µm and 20–50 pore/mm3, respectively. We then solve an ordinary least squares (OLS) inverse problem to recover the pore size and density by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the simulated data and the model prediction. In doing so, we demonstrate that we can estimate with confidence the parameters quantifying porosity using the ISA model given three-dimensional numerically simulated attenuation data.The goal of this study is to estimate the porosity (pore size and density) of numerically simulated random porous three-dimensional structures mimicking simplified geometries of cortical bone using attenuation of ultrasonic waves in the MHz range. To do so, we use a physics-based model derived from the Independent Scattering Approximation (ISA) to mathematically model the attenuation of elastic waves in porous structures as a function of the parameters that we wish to identify: pore size and density. Frequency-dependent attenuation data are generated using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations in the range of 1–8 MHz in mono-disperse structures with the pore diameter and density ranging from 100 to 200 µm and 20–50 pore/mm3, respectively. We then solve an ordinary least squares (OLS) inverse problem to recover the pore size and density by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the simulated data and the model prediction. In doing so, we demonstrate that we can estimate with con...
The Second Site Modifier, Sympathy for the ligule, Encodes a Homolog of Arabidopsis ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 and Rescues the Liguleless narrow Maize Mutant.

Liguleless narrow1 encodes a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase required for normal development of maize (Zea mays) leaves, internodes, and inflorescences. The semidominant Lgn-R mutation lacks kinase activity, and phenotypic severity is dependent on inbred background. We created near isogenic lines and assayed the phenotype in multiple environments. Lgn-R plants that carry the B73 version of Sympathy for the ligule (Sol-B) fail to grow under hot conditions, but those that carry the Mo17 version (Sol-M) survive at hot temperatures and are significantly taller at cool temperatures. To identify Sol, we used recombinant mapping and analyzed the Lgn-R phenotype in additional inbred backgrounds. We identified amino acid sequence variations in GRMZM2G075262 that segregate with severity of the Lgn-R phenotypes. This gene is expressed at high levels in Lgn-R B73, but expression drops to nonmutant levels with one copy of Sol-M. An EMS mutation solidified the identity of SOL as a maize homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE4 (EDR4). SOL, like EDR4, is induced in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as flg22. Integrated transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analyses suggest that Lgn-R plants constitutively activate an immune signaling cascade that induces temperature-sensitive responses in addition to defects in leaf development. We propose that aspects of the severe Lgn-R developmental phenotype result from constitutive defense induction and that SOL potentially functions in repressing this response in Mo17 but not B73. Identification of LGN and its interaction with SOL provides insight into the integration of developmental control and immune responses.
Fuzzy Discrete Event Systems with Gradient-Based Online Learning

To make the fuzzy discrete event system theory more useful in a wide range of applications, it is crucial to equip it with learning capability, an issue that has hardly been touched upon in the literature. In this paper, we develop stochastic-gradient-decent-based algorithms for online learning of the event transition matrices and parameters of the fuzzy sets fuzzifying input variables of a fuzzy discrete event system modeled as a fuzzy automaton. We uncover an intrinsic obstacle in the algorithms that significantly impedes the learning owing to dependences of the fuzzy set parameters on the matrix. As a remedy, we modify the algorithms using the exponential penalty function. Preliminary computer simulation results are presented to illustrate learning performance of our final algorithms.
Genetic Algorithm Design of a Coupled Fast and Thermal Subcritical Assembly

AbstractThis paper discusses the design of a fast spectrum subcritical assembly utilizing a genetic algorithm. The facility proposed in this paper would be a flexible platform for expanding the kno...
Well-being research in the service industries

Well-being (or quality-of-life research, QOL) has been gaining momentum for the past 25 years or so in some specific areas of the service industries such as tourism, leisure, and hospitality manage...
Laryngology Education in Otolaryngology Residency Programs – A Pilot Study

Summary Laryngology is a relatively new subspecialty, and experience and training vary among residency programs. Graduated residents are expected to have training adequate to manage common laryngeal disorders, but the current adequacy of laryngology training is not known. Objectives To evaluate resident exposure to laryngology during otolaryngology residency. Methods An anonymous, web-based, multiple choice, electronic questionnaire was sent to all 125 accredited otolaryngology training programs in the United States to distribute to otolaryngology senior residents (postgraduate year [PGY]-4, PGY-5). Results Sixty-four residents (33 PGY-4 and 31 PGY-5) responded to the survey. 85.9% had had training in strobovideolaryngoscopy. Only 7.8% of residents had had training in performing or interpreting objective voice measurements, and 26.6% had had training in performing or interpreting laryngeal electromyography. 42.2% of residents had participated in a laryngeal surgical laboratory. Only 19.4% of residents had attended a national laryngology meeting during the preceding 12 months. 92.2% of residents reported that their program had a laryngologist attending, 95.3% had a speech-language pathologist in their department, and 21.9% had a laryngology fellow. 87.5% of residents reported that they do not have to transfer any laryngeal cases to another facility. Exposure to microdirect laryngoscopy, vocal fold mass excision with microflap technique, type I thyroplasty, and subglottic stenosis repair was (100%, 92.2%, 84.4%, and 96.9%, respectively). 54.7% of residents were exposed to arytenoidectomy, and 14.1% of residents were exposed to reduction of arytenoid dislocation/subluxation. 45.3% of residents reported that they had an interest in music, 25% had an interest in singing, 14.1% had an interest in acting. Conclusions More comprehensive laryngeal education could be achieved during otolaryngology residency by increasing exposure to objective voice measurements, laryngeal electromyography, and laryngeal surgery, especially arytenoid procedures including dislocation/subluxation reduction and arytenoidectomy.
Bacterial respiration during stationary phase induces intracellular damage that leads to dormancy

Most bacteria frequently encounter nutrient-depleted conditions, necessitating regulatory mechanisms that alter cellular physiology and allow for survival of starvation. Here, we show that regrowth of Escherichia coli from prolonged stationary phase upon encountering fresh nutrients is heterogeneous, with one subpopulation suddenly regrowing after a delay (dormancy) and another of nongrowing cells that represented an increasing fraction as the culture aged. Moreover, a sizeable fraction of cells rejuvenated immediately, even when the inoculum was from very old cultures. The size of the dormant and nongrowing subpopulations depended on the time cells had endured stationary phase, as opposed to time-dependent changes to the medium. Regrowth of dormant cells was correlated with the dissolution of polar phase-bright foci that likely represent aggregates of damage, and a deep-learning algorithm was able to distinguish cellular fates based on a single stationary-phase image. Growth restarted in dormant cells after the upregulation of chaperones and DNA repair enzymes, and deletion of the chaperone DnaK resulted in compromised stationary-phase cell morphology and higher incidence of non-growing cells. A mathematical model of damage accumulation and division-mediated partitioning was in quantitative agreement with experimental data, including the small population of cells capable of immediate regrowth even in old cultures. Cells that endured stationary-phase without the ability to respire all immediately and homogeneously regrew in fresh nutrients, indicating that respiration in stationary phase is the driver of dormancy. These findings establish the importance of intracellular damage control when nutrients are sparse, and repair when nutrients are plentiful.
Low Voltage Power Supply Reliability Evaluation of Distribution Network Based on Data Quality Governance

Power supply reliability refers to the ability of power supply system to continuously supply power to users. Power supply interruption will not only cause huge economic losses to the country, but also affect people's life and social stability. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the requirements of users for power supply reliability are higher and higher. Power supply reliability is not only the basic demand of power users, but also the fundamental goal of power supply enterprises. At present, China's power supply reliability evaluation mainly focuses on medium voltage (10kV) and above systems. Generally, 10kV distribution transformer is taken as the basic unit for statistics, while the power supply reliability statistics of developed countries (such as Britain and the United States) is based on low-voltage users (380 / 220 V). With the development of distribution network, the power supply reliability of medium voltage users, cannot reflect the actual power supply reliability of the majority of low-voltage users. The statistical work of power supply reliability must be extended to low-voltage users. In this paper a method for low voltage power supply reliability evaluation of distribution network is proposed which is based on the data quality governance of network operation records and blackout events. The proposed method could evaluate the actual low voltage reliability, providing more decision support for low voltage distribution network management.
Indirect, Direct and Collider Detection of SUSY Dark Matter

The minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA) serves as a paradigm model for phenomenological investigations in supersymmetry. One standard prediction is that the lightest neutralino comprises the bulk of the cold dark matter in the universe. I outline expectations for detection of neutralino dark matter at the Fermilab Tevatron, CERN LHC and a future linear e+e− collider experiments. These collider capabilities are compared to dark matter detection capabilities of direct and indirect search experiments. In a final section, I outline motivation for going beyond the mSUGRA model, to models with scalar mass non-universality.
The Ethics of Plea Bargaining

Introduction 1. Waiver Rewards and Trial Penalties 2. Against Trial Penalties 3. Waiver Rewards and Deserved Punishment 4. Remorse and Waiver Rewards 5. Waiver Rewards and the Reduction of Crime 6. Rewarding Cooperation 7. Plea Bargains as Contracts 8. Principled Criminal Prosecution and Half-Loaves 9. Plea Bargaining and Getting at the Truth Epilogue
Alteration of the Cell Periphery During Granulocyte Maturation: Relationship to Cell Function

Physiologic characteristics of the surface of human granulocytes may be important determinants of functional capacity. Studies of immature granulocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN’s) from marrow and blood indicated that immature granulocytes are characterized by a high, neuraminidase-susceptible, negative surface charge density; a high degree of cellular rigidity, as measured by an elastimeter with a micropipette orifice size that approximated estimates of average bone marrow basement membrane pore size (3.5µ); low adhesiveness to glass and plastic; low propensity to aggregate; a slow rate of cell spreading, pseudopod extension, and motility; and a very low rate of phagocytosis. At the myelocyte stage, adhesiveness and phagocytosis, although not prominent, became evident. In contrast PMN’s had a lower negative surface charge density, a higher degree of surface deformability (the entire PMN readily deforming to enter a 3.5µ micropipette whereas the immature granulocyte would not so deform), higher adhesiveness (plastic > glass), a higher propensity to aggregate, a higher rate of cell spreading, pseudopod formation and motility, and a higher rate of phagocytosis. The increased deformability and adhesiveness of the PMN as compared to the immature granulocyte may be a reflection of an altered relationship between relaxing and contracting systems at the cell periphery during maturation and/or changes in the sol-gel state of macromolecules at the cell periphery. This concept is supported by the change in surface properties of the PMN toward those of the immature granulocyte at cold temperature (4°C). The increased deformability and reduced surface negative charge of the PMN could facilitate adhesiveness and pseudopod formation and, thereby, increase cell-surface and cell-particle contact with enhancement of motility and phagocytosis. Hence the exit of PMN from bone marrow and circulation and the functional capacity of the PMN may be determined by a process of cytoplasmic maturation during granulopoiesis that adapts the PMN for its essential cell-extracell interactions.
Twelve-Step Subculture and Cultural Competency Among Clinicians

Abstract In their insightful article, Holleran and MacMaster make two insightful propositions about 12-step programs. First, they propose that a distinct subculture exists in these programs. Second, they propose that clinicians need to understand this subculture to work effectively with 12-step program participants. Empirical evaluations of these propositions can contribute to theory development and illuminate effects of 12-step program participation on recovery and well-being
Tunneling and the semiclassical propagator: A new perspective

We consider quantum propagation in one dimension when there is an intervening barrier, from both the time domain and the energy domain viewpoints. We relate the issue of tunneling in the energy representation to flow across the barrier in real time. We find that time domain trajectories which have energies above the barrier do not correctly account for (energy domain) tunneling below the barrier when the time-energy Fourier transform is done exactly. The stationary phase transform (WKB result) cannot be thought of as an approximation to the Fourier integral, because of a branch cut in the complex-time plane. In fact, in the time domain, to obtain accurate semiclassical amplitudes for cross barrier flow at long times, below barrier tunneling trajectories need to be included. The Fourier transform from the time domain into the energy domain cannot be “improved” by performing it numerically rather than by stationary phase; instead, it is the time Green function kernel of the integral which needs correction (by the addition of tunneling paths) if one keeps time real.
Toward minimum size self-assembled counters

DNA self-assembly is a promising paradigm for nanotechnology. In this paper we study the problem of finding tile systems of minimum size that assemble a given shape in the Tile Assembly Model, defined byRothemund and Winfree [14]. We present a tile system that assembles an N × ⌈log2 N⌉ rectangle in asymptotically optimal Θ(N) time. This tile system has only 7 tiles. Earlier constructions need at least 8 tiles [7]. We managed to reduce the number of tiles without increasing the assembly time. The new tile system works at temperature 3. The new construction was found by the combination of exhaustive computerized search of the design space and manual adjustment of the search output.
Membership in a Devalued Social Group and Emotional Well-Being: Developing a Model of Personal Self-Esteem, Collective Self-Esteem, and Group Socialization.

We proposed and tested a theoretical model that links membership in a devalued social group to emotional health. People who identify with devalued social groups (e.g., ethnic minorities, gay men/lesbians, bisexuals, women) may be at increased risk for distress via 3 different pathways. First, some members of devalued groups may internalize negative stereotypes about their group, which negatively impact personal self-esteem. Second, being devalued simply on the basis of one's group membership could lead to emotional distress independent of one's own personal self-esteem. Third, some members of devalued groups may be socialized to develop attitudes and behaviors that increase their risk for emotional distress. Data were collected from a sample of White, middle-to-upper-class undergraduate women and men with respect to personal self-esteem, collective self-esteem on the basis of their gender group, attitudes and behaviors associated with female socialization, and emotional distress. Results supported the direct effect of each pathway in predicting concurrent depression and partially supported the prediction of concurrent anxiety. Each pathway fully accounted for women's greater levels of depression relative to men's. Implications for the study of devalued groups are discussed.
Asymptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis resulting in fibula free flap failure.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The successful harvest and transplant of a fibular flap depends on many factors, including healthy inflow and outflow systems. A contraindication to harvesting a fibular flap is disease of the lower extremity arterial system; therefore, preoperative evaluation of the arterial system is routine. Preoperative evaluation of the venous system is not routine, unless there is clinical suspicion of venous disease. Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: Two cases of occult deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were encountered intraoperatively resulting in nontransplantable flaps. Conclusions: This finding represents a serious concern, and we believe that venous imaging should be considered in patients with significant risk factors for harboring an occult DVT.
Relationships between Nutrient Enrichment and Benthic Function: Local Effects and Spatial Patterns

Eutrophication-induced changes to benthic faunal activities are problems of significant ecological impact, affecting global nutrient budgets as well as local trophic connections. We address the question of how nitrogen loads to estuarine embayments alter the bioturbation activities of benthic fauna. Specifically, we related local benthic activities to calculated local nitrogen concentrations for 22 northeastern US estuaries. These local nitrogen concentrations were derived from the calculated nitrogen loading for the embayment together with the spatial distribution of the local flushing time. Our results showed a maximum bioturbation rate at intermediate nitrogen concentrations or a “hump-shaped” pattern of response. This behavior was evident in all embayments that had a range of concentrations including low, intermediate, and high values. Embayments where sampling did not include this full range did not show this behavior. This work provides methods and guidance to help managers make decisions concerning the effects of nitrogen loading on the activities and well-being of benthic fauna in coastal embayments. The novelty of this approach lies in identifying the response of bioturbation to nitrogen loading in many systems, without costly and time-consuming speciation of benthic fauna, and also in rapidly identifying embayments and aquatic areas with vulnerable fauna. These results are ecologically significant in supporting the hypothesis that benthic organism abundance and activity will peak at mid-levels of nitrogen due to the interplay of food availability and oxygen levels, noting that the critical levels of these factors differ among water bodies.
Selection of Dictyostelium discoideum transformants and analysis of vector maintenance using live bacteria resistant to G418.

Abstract A protocol that allows the rapid isolation and growth of large numbers of independent G418-resistant Dictyostelium discoideum transformant colonies on the surface of agar media with live bacteria was developed. Transformants grown under these conditions form normal fruiting bodies. Discovery that aggregation of nontransformants was inhibited at a nonselective level of G418 (25 to 35 μg/ml) led to the development of a vector maintenance assay. Using this assay we examined the stability of recombinant plasmids derived from the D. discoideum native plasmids Ddp1 and Ddp2. We conclude that the origin of replication of plasmid Ddp1 does not alone confer stable maintenance and thus, Ddp1 must bear additional sequences required for its own maintenance. Analysis of the maintenance of vectors derived from Ddp2 showed that autonomously replicating shuttle vectors that contained bacterial plasmid DNA and from which one element of the Ddp2 inverted repeat was removed were much less stable than vectors that contained a complete inverted repeat or that did not carry a bacterial plasmid. Sequences between the 3′ end of the rep gene and the inverted repeat appear to play a role in plasmid maintenance. An intact rep gene and one copy of the inverted repeat element were required for extrachromosomal replication. Maintenance of extrachromosomal vectors was found to be strain dependent. Four traits distinguishing integrating vectors from those capable of autonomous replication were identified.
Taking Stock: A Critical Assessment of Recent Research on Inventories

Empirical and theoretical aspects of inventory behavior became hot topics in the 1950s and early 1960s. No one seemed to notice the tension that was developing between the emerging macroeconomic and microeconomic views of inventories. Macroeconomists routinely thought of inventories as a destabilizing factor, yet the prevailing micro theory viewed inventories as a stabilizing factor. It was a fascinating question that was barely explored. Instead somewhat inexplicably, interest in inventories dried up, as if inventories were of minor economic significance and little intrinsic interest. By the early 1980s, then, economists once again knew something they had known in the 1950s: that inventory investment is of first-order importance in business cycles. But they were also beginning to realize that the standard production-smoothing/buffer-stock model of inventories was in deep trouble. This paper focuses on developments since that realization.
Homonormativity in Children's Literature: An Intersectional Analysis of Queer-Themed Picture Books

Effective social justice movements, including those at the level of children's literature, address the ways different forms of oppression intersect and affect the experiences of diverse queer identities. Children's literature can help combat heteronormative discourse by instilling at a young age the inherent value of all people. Inclusive children's literature can help combat socialized aspects of heteronormativity and other forms of oppression. This paper examines 68 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) themed children's books and the ways they reinforce heteronormativity through the nearly exclusive celebration of homonormative, nonthreatening LGBT characters that conform to expected gender roles, have a vested interest parenting, and are White and upper middle class.
Preparation of Fish Feed Ingredients: Reduction of Carotenoids in Corn Gluten Meal

Carotenoids in corn gluten meal (CGM) were eliminated by extraction with ethanol and butanol or by bleaching with soy flour as a lipoxygenase source. Corn gluten meal (50 g at 67% moisture basis) was extracted with 150 mL of ethanol or butanol followed by a second extraction with 100 mL of extractant. Of the carotenoids present in CGM, 87% and 94% were removed after the second extraction with ethanol and butanol, respectively. Total solid loss during extraction was greater with butanol (24%) than with ethanol (10%). Increasing the level of soy flour substituted from 5% to 15% did not improve the degree of bleaching but shortened the time to reach the maximum degree of bleaching at which 51% of carotenoids were bleached. Incorporating 5% soy flour, presoaking of soy flour, and aerating of the reaction medium reduced the reaction time to 30 min. The bleached and heat-dried product contained 62% less carotenoids compared with its unbleached counterpart. Keywords: Corn gluten meal; fish feed; carotenoids
3-D thermal analysis using finite difference technique with finite element model for improved design of components of rocket engine turbomachines for Space Shuttle Main Engine SSME

Three-dimensional finite element models were generated and transferred into three-dimensional finite difference models to perform transient thermal analyses for the SSME high pressure fuel turbopump's first stage nozzles and rotor blades. STANCOOL was chosen to calculate the heat transfer characteristics (HTCs) around the airfoils, and endwall effects were included at the intersections of the airfoils and platforms for the steady-state boundary conditions. Free and forced convection due to rotation effects were also considered in hollow cores. Transient HTCs were calculated by taking ratios of the steady-state values based on the flow rates and fluid properties calculated at each time slice. Results are presented for both transient plots and three-dimensional color contour isotherm plots; they were also converted into universal files to be used for FEM stress analyses.
Model of Grinding Thermal Damage for Precision Gear Materials

Abstract Thermal damage, specifically burn, in carburized and hardened precision gear steels caused by grinding was investigated. Excessive grinding temperatures cause grinding burn and result in excessive scrappage. AISI 9310 and X53 gear steels, used in helicopters and tilt-rotor aircraft, respectively, were prepared and heat-treated by a production partner. Grinding tests were conducted on these steels. Nital etching was used to detect grinding burn. Models were established to predict onset of thermal damage for AISI 9310 and X53 steels based on specific grinding energy determined from grinding force measurements. The models were compared to results published for other steels.
Rare forms of congenital hyperinsulinism

Rare forms of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) are caused by mutations in GLUD1 (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase), GCK (encoding glucokinase), HADH (encoding for L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), SLC16A1 (encoding the monocarboxylat transporter 1), HNF4A (encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α) or UCP2 (encoding mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2). The clinical presentation is very heterogeneous in regards to age of onset, severity, and manner of symptoms, as well as the response to medical treatment. Special individual characteristics have to be accounted in diagnosis and treatment. Diazoxide is the first-line drug for the rare forms of CHI for long-term treatment but is not entirely effective in some of these rarer defects (GCK, MCT1). The use of diazoxide is often limited by side effects and the use of octreotide as second-line drug has to be considered. A near-total pancreatectomy is only reserved for patients with diffuse disease and resistance to medical treatment as a last resort. Patients with CHI should be managed by centers with a highly experienced team in diagnostic work-up and treatment of this disease.
Magnetic and Structural Properties of Rapidly Quenched Tetragonal Mn $_{3 - {\rm x}}$ Ga Nanostructures

Nanostructured Mn3-x Ga ribbons with x = 0, 0.4, 0.9 and 1.1 were prepared using arc-melting, melt-spinning and annealing. As-spun samples crystallized into hexagonal D019 and cubic L21 Heusler crystal structures based on the concentration of Mn in Mn3-x Ga. Upon vacuum-annealing the samples at 450 °C for about 50 hours, both the hexagonal and cubic structures transformed into a tetragonal D022 structure. High-temperature x-ray diffraction and high-temperature magnetometry showed that the samples with low Mn content (Mn1.9 Ga and Mn2.1 Ga) retain their tetragonal structure up to 850 K but the samples with high Mn concentrations (Mn2.6 Ga and Mn3.0 Ga) undergo a structural phase transition from tetragonal to hexagonal phases around 800 K. The magnetic properties of Mn3-x Ga ribbons were very sensitive to Mn concentration, where the magnetization and anisotropy energy increased and the coercivity decreased as x increased from 0 to 1.1. Although the Curie temperatures of Mn2.6 Ga and Mn3.0 Ga samples could not be determined because of the structural phase transition, the Curie temperature decreased with increasing x in Mn3-x Ga. The maximum magnetization of 57 emu/g (300 emu/cm3) and the coercivity of 6.5 kOe were measured in the Mn1.9 Ga and Mn3.0 Ga ribbons, respectively.
Variation and Stereotypy in the Displays of Anolis Aeneus (Sauria: Iguanidae)

The reactions of a territorial male lizard (Anolis aeneus) to an intruder were filmed and analyzed. Five displays were given to the intruder: Fanbob, Multibob, Jerkbob, Gorged-throat and Fan. Fanbob consists of the species-specific signature bob and dewlap extension and is the normal display given as a challenge to intruders. Multibob, another bob pattern, occurs when a degree of anxiety is present. It closely resembles the Courtship Bob, so the male is in effect giving an appeasement display while courting a female. Jerkbob is used as an introductory display preceding Fanbob during territorial advertisement. Gorged-throat is a threat display, and Fan may be used instead of Fanbob when inhibitory factors prevent Fanbob from being expressed. Fanbob was analyzed to test whether it fulfills the criteria of the Fixed Action Pattern. The cadence of the signature bob was individual-specific and stereotyped, but other components of Fanbob varied greatly. Among these were presence and absence of introductory movements (related to intruder distance), degree of sideflattening and degree of dewlap extension (related to resident aggressiveness), and height of head during the display. Height and dewlap extension, while necessary and integral components of Fanbob, varied independently, and were correlated with different sets of stimulus and response variables. Fanbob was thus shown to fit none of the criteria of a fixed action pattern.
A critical evaluation of Etzioni's socioeconomic theory: Implications for the field of business ethics

Given the pervasive influence of neoclassical economic theory on the field of business, the opposition of the standard economists to the inclusion of moral factors in economic decisions provides an intellectual resistance to the ideas of many business ethicists. Etzioni (1988) offers a theoretical alternative to the neoclassical model, an alternative that includes a moral dimension. This article: (1) highlights the differences between Etzioni's proposed model and the neoclassical economic paradigm; (2) describes and critically evaluates Etzioni's proposed theory in view of his objective of synthesizing the neoclassical paradigm with a duty-based morality; and (3) discusses the implications of Etzioni's proposed paradigm for the field of business ethics.
Posterior horn lateral meniscal tears simulating meniscofemoral ligament attachment in the setting of ACL tear: MRI findings

We have noted apparent far lateral meniscal attachment of the meniscofemoral ligament (MFL) with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. This study evaluates MFL attachment and association with posterior horn lateral meniscus (PHLM) tear. Nine months of knee arthroscopy reports were reviewed to classify the PHLM and ACL as torn or normal. After excluding those with prior knee surgery, MR images were reviewed by two radiologists to determine the number of images lateral to PCL, which showed the ligaments of Humphrey and Wrisberg visible as structures separate from the PHLM. Any patient with abnormal PHLM surface signal not continuous with the MFL was excluded. MRI findings were compared with arthroscopy using Student’s t test and Fisher’s exact test. Of the 54 participants, 5 had PHLM tears and 49 were normal. Twenty-one had ACL tears; all those with an PHLM tear had an ACL tear. The ligament of Humphrey inserted on average 0.9 consecutive images lateral to the PCL without an PHLM tear and 4.7 with an PHLM tear; the ligament of Wrisberg inserted on average 3.0 consecutive images without an PHLM tear and 4.5 with an PHLM tear (slice thickness/gap = 3 mm/0.5 mm). There was a significant association between PHLM tear and number of images (p = 0.0028), and between ACL tear and this type of PHLM tear (p = 0.0064). Apparent far lateral meniscal extension of a meniscofemoral ligament (greater than or equal to four images lateral to the PCL) should be considered as a possible PHLM tear, especially in the setting of an ACL tear.
Histochemistry of primate laryngeal muscles.

The intrinsic laryngeal muscles of adult anesthetized rhesus monkeys were removed by microsurgical technique and studied for the following histochemical reactions: ATPase with and without acid preincubation at 4.4, NADH, LDH, SDH, and PAS. In the abductor muscle, posterior cricoarytenoid, 60% of the fibers had high acid-labile ATPase activity and 40% of the fibers had acid-resistant ATPase activity; these muscle fibers also exhibited a high content of oxidative enzymes. The tensor muscle of the vocal folds, cricothyroid, showed a predominance of acid labile fibers (70%) and gave a uniformly strong reaction for oxidative enzymes. The thyroarytenoid muscle contained 81% acid labile and 19% acid-resistant fibers. The lateral cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid muscles were almost exclusively composed of acid-labile fibers and showed a typical checkerboard pattern of oxidative enzymes.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie inneren laryngealen Muskeln von erwachsenen anasthesierten Rhesusaffen wurden durch eine mikrochirurgische Te...
Interleukin-4 Down-regulates Both Forms of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Receptor-mediated Apoptosis, NF-κB, AP-1, and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase COMPARISON WITH INTERLEUKIN-13

The activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is regulated by a number of other cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4. How IL-4 regulates various activities of TNF is not fully understood. In the present report, we investigated the effect of IL-4 on the cell surface TNF receptors in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. Pretreatment of cells with IL-4 down-regulated TNF receptors in a dose- and time-dependent manner; an almost 90% decrease occurred with 10 ng/ml IL-4 treatment for 24 h. Scatchard analysis revealed that the decrease was due to receptor number and not affinity. IL-13, which shares a common receptor subunit and various biological activities with IL-4, had no effect on TNF receptors. IL-4's effect on TNF receptors was not cell type-specific, since decreases also occurred on various epithelial and T cells. Both the p60 and p80 forms of the TNF receptor were down-regulated to the same extent. Western blot showed that IL-4 induced shedding of the TNF receptors. The decrease of TNF receptors by IL-4 was accompanied by down-regulation of TNF-induced activities, including cytotoxicity, caspase-3 activation, NF-κB and AP-1 activation, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase induction. Wortmannin reversed the IL-4-induced TNF receptor down-regulation and all other measured cellular responses, indicating a critical role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Rapamycin also blocked the effect of IL-4-induced regulation, thus suggesting the role of p70 S6 kinase. Overall, our results suggest that TNF receptor down-regulation by IL-4 plays a critical role in the antagonistic effects of IL-4 on TNF-induced cellular responses and that this mechanism differs from that of IL-13.
A Flexible Service Reservation Scheme for Real-Time SOA

This paper addresses the problem of resource reservation for applications built using the real-time service-oriented architecture (RT-SOA) paradigm. Real-time services can choose some time inside of a large interval for execution reservation. This property gives services more chance to be accepted by the schedulability admission control. However, the traditional way of advance reservation on fixed schedules does not take advantage of this flexibility. In this paper, a reorganization algorithm is presented to relocate existing reservations if necessary to accommodate new requests that have a less flexibility. Simulation results show that reorganization can enhance the acceptance ratio of real-time requests in almost all situations. When jobs have flexible real-time requirements, acceptance ratio can be greatly enhanced.
The amygdalo-motor pathways and the control of facial expressions

Facial expressions reflect decisions about the perceived meaning of social stimuli and the expected socio-emotional outcome of responding (or not) with a reciprocating expression. The decision to produce a facial expression emerges from the joint activity of a network of structures that include the amygdala and multiple, interconnected cortical and subcortical motor areas. Reciprocal transformations between these sensory and motor signals give rise to distinct brain states that promote, or impede the production of facial expressions. The muscles of the upper and lower face are controlled by anatomically distinct motor areas. Facial expressions engage to a different extent the lower and upper face and thus require distinct patterns of neural activity distributed across multiple facial motor areas in ventrolateral frontal cortex, the supplementary motor area, and two areas in the midcingulate cortex. The distributed nature of the decision manifests in the joint activation of multiple motor areas that initiate the production of facial expression. Concomitantly multiple areas, including the amygdala, monitor ongoing overt behaviors (the expression itself) and the covert, autonomic responses that accompany emotional expressions. As the production of facial expressions is brought into the framework of formal decision making, an important challenge will be to incorporate autonomic and visceral states into decisions that govern the receiving-emitting cycle of social signals.
Bagging Optimal ROC Curve Method for Predictive Genetic Tests, with an Application for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Translation studies have been initiated to assess the combined effect of genetic loci from recently accomplished genome-wide association studies and the existing risk factors for early disease prediction. We propose a bagging optimal receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method to facilitate this research. Through simulation and real data application, we compared the new method with the commonly used allele counting method and logistic regression, and found that the new method yields a better performance. The new method was applied on the Wellcome Trust data set to form a predictive genetic test for rheumatoid arthritis. The formed test reached an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.7.
Scoliosis in a child with Chiari I malformation and the absence of syringomyelia: case report and a review of the literature

Scoliosis is a common finding in children with Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. The development of scoliosis associated with a Chiari malformation typically has been ascribed to the presence of syringomyelia. Decompression of the hindbrain hernia will often alleviate the syringomyelia and, in many cases, stabilize or reverse the scoliosis. We report a child with Chiari I malformation and scoliosis who presented with Valsalva-induced headache/neck pain. MRI revealed no syringomyelia or hydrocephalus. Radiographs revealed that her scoliotic curvature was approximately 13° and was a single levoscoliotic curve. This patient underwent a posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty for her Valsalva-induced pain. Postoperatively, she had resolution of her pain and there has been no progression of her scoliosis at 3 years follow-up. Intriguingly, and scattered throughout the medical literature, many have noted cases of scoliosis in patients with only a Chiari I malformation and no syringomyelia. Moreover, experimental studies have induced scoliosis in animals after compression of the dorsal columns. After a review of the medical literature regarding a potential cause and effect of herniated hindbrain-induced scoliosis in the absence of syringomyelia, this association although rare, does seem plausible.
Thresholds of Filtered Transients

Absolute and masked thresholds were obtained for sinusoids, one-third-octave filtered noise, one-third-octave filtered clicks, and for broadband noise and clicks as a function of repetition rate of the filtered clicks. The results indicate that if signal energy is computed for each stimulus, then similar absolute and masked thresholds can be obtained. Thresholds for repetition rate and number of clicks were similar to published results on temporal integration of tones. These results provide a direct and objective means for measuring the level of brief narrow-band stimuli and support the use of these signals as a means of probing auditory sensitivity.Si l'on calcule l'energie pour chaque stimulus, les seuils de perception - absolus ou masques - de clics filtres (un tiers d'octave) et de bruit filtre (un tiers d'octave) sont semblables aux seuils de perception de sinusoides. Cependant, lorsque des equivalences de pics sont utilisees pour mesurer les seuils, les estimations pour les clics sont de 7 a 17 dB p...
Resilience Among Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse

Research has paid little attention to survivors of childhood sexual abuse who do not exhibit long-term negative consequences or who manifest resilience. This study investigated resilient outcomes, that is, competence in the face of adversity, and the factors associated with these outcomes in 136 womenwho were sexually abused as children.