cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convergent-Plate Tectonics Viewed from the Indonesian Region

Plate boundaries have evolved complexly with time and at any one time have varied greatly along strike. Seismically defined dips of subducting plates mark positions, not trajectories; slabs sink more steeply than they dip, and overriding plates advance over them. Subduction occurs beneath only one side at a time of an internally rigid plate, and the common regime in an overriding plate, behind a surficial accretionary wedge, is extensional, except where a collision is underway. Back-arc-basin lithosphere is built behind, or by, migrating island arcs, which lengthen and increase their curvatures as they evolve. A collision can involve two active arcs, in which case intervening lithosphere sinks beneath both of them, or an active margin and a passive one. Either type of collision generally is followed by the breaking through of new subduction, beneath the composite mass of light crust, from a new trench oceanward of the aggregate; conversely, a new subduction system commonly is a byproduct of collision. A strip of back-arc-basin crust is often left attached to the aggregate, in front of the new trench, and becomes the basement for a fore-arc basin, the leading edge of which is raised as melange is stuffed under it. Sedimentation in trenches is dominantly longitudinal and can be from distant sources. Accretionary wedges are dynamic, being thickened at both toes and bottoms by tectonic accretion and thinned by gravitational forward flow; melange is largely a product of tectonic imbrication driven by these conflicting processes; olistostromes are minor components of accretionary wedges. High-pressure metamorphic rocks form beneath overriding plates, not within wedges in front of them. Arc magmas incorporate much material from the lithosphere through which they rise and vary correspondingly with the composition of that lithosphere. Continental crust is inflated into geanticlines by magmatic-arc intrusive rocks. Submarine island-arc volcanic rocks are widely spilitized, with enrichment in sodium and depletion in calcium, by hydrothermal reaction with sea water.
Antioxidants in processed garlic: II. Tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives identified in aged garlic extract

Abstract The antioxidant effects and the changes in concentrations of tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives (THβCs) identified in aged garlic extract (AGE) were determined using several in vitro assay systems and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our data indicate that THβCs are also potent antioxidants, which increase during the natural aging process of garlic and, thus, may contribute to the biological activities of processed garlic such as AGE.
Why Theorize Modus Vivendi

There have been four main motives to introduce the notion of modus vivendi in the political-philosophical literature. One is to use it as a negative contrast to what one regards as the ideal goal in politics. The second is to use it within a distinctively realist political theory that refrains from advocating utopian ideals. The third is to defend liberal institutions as a modus vivendi. The fourth is to have a concept for the institutional tools for peace. Depending on the motive to introduce the notion of modus vivendi, the notion is conceptualized slightly differently. One aim of the chapter is to provide an overview of the different motives that have led theorists to think about modus vivendi and the different conceptualizations of modus vivendi they have offered. But the chapter also makes a more substantial point: it argues that we should conceptualize the notion of modus vivendi in line with the fourth motive, because this seems the most promising way to get a conception of modus vivendi that is both “deeply motivated” and “open” for all kinds of approaches in political theory.
Object-oriented systems analysis and design

I. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. 1. Introduction. 2. Feasibility Analysis and Requirements Determination. 3. Object-Oriented Methodology and Model. 4. Objects and Classes. 5. Object Responsibilities: Attributes. 6. Object Responsibilities: Class and Object Connections. 7. Object Responsibilities: Services and Scenarios. II. PHYSICAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. 8. Systems Design. 9. Output Design. 10. Input Design. 11. File and Database Design. 12. Software Construction and Testing. 13. Implementation. MODULES-MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN TOPICS. A. Information Systems Planning. B. Prototyping. C. Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE). D. Software Process Improvement. E. The Systems Development Challenge. F. Project Management. G. Communication and Electronic Meetings. H. Business Process Reengineering. Glossary. Bibliography-Object-Oriented Technology. Index.
Ultrawide strain-tuning of light emission from InGaAs nanomembranes

Single-crystal semiconductor nanomembranes provide unique opportunities for basic studies and device applications of strain engineering by virtue of mechanical properties analogous to those of flexible polymeric materials. Here, we investigate the radiative properties of nanomembranes based on InGaAs (one of the standard active materials for infrared diode lasers) under external mechanical stress. Photoluminescence measurements show that, by varying the applied stress, the InGaAs bandgap energy can be red-shifted by over 250 nm, leading to efficient strain-tunable light emission across the same spectral range. These mechanically stressed nanomembranes could therefore form the basis for actively tunable semiconductor lasers featuring ultrawide tunability of the output wavelength.
Growth data and tumour risk of 32 Chinese children and adolescents with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism

The aim of this study was to review the growth data, gonadal function and tumour risk of children and adolescents with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism who presented to a single centre in China. We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 32 patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism or variants who were hospitalized from August 2005 to September 2018. The main outcomes measured were growth data, genital phenotype, gonadal function, gonadal position, and histological results. A total of 32 patients were included. The age at diagnosis ranged from 0.6 to 16.3 years. Nineteen patients exhibited ambiguous genitalia, 12 had short stature, and 1 showed a lack of breast development. Seventeen patients were raised as males, and 15 were raised as females. The external masculinisation score (EMS) of patients raised as male was 4.5 (1~12) [median (range)]. The EMS of the females was 0 (0~1.5) [median (range)]. Patients showed normal heights under 2 years old, with a height SDS of 0 (− 1.5~1.4) [median (range)]. Growth appeared to decelerate after age 2 years, with SDS decreased to − 2.8 (− 3.0~ − 0.9) [median (range)]. The percentage of short stature was higher in females than in males (76.9% vs 50.0%). Twenty-five patients had gonadal pathological results. Complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) and mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) were the most common pathogenic subtypes, accounting for 48.0 and 36.0%, respectively. Ovotesticular tissue was observed in only 4.0% of patients. Gonadoblastoma and positive OCT3/4 results were found in 18.8% of gonads in children over 2 years of age. Palpable gonads accounted for 50% of these. All patients who had gonadoblastoma were raised as females. Patients with 45,X/46,XY might have normal heights until 2 years old. Growth decelerations after 2 years of age were common. Patients who are being raised as females seemed to be shorter than males. CGD and MGD were the most common gonadal pathogenic subtypes. The tumour risk is high in these patients, even in palpable gonads and female patients.
Análisis de las características de los gobiernos corporativos según la ley 20.382 y su aplicación en el sector retail

El presente articulo analiza e identifica las caracteristicas de los Gobiernos Corporativos, segun la ley N° 20.382 y su aplicacion en el sector retail. Junto con ello se describen las practicas desarrolladas en los Gobierno Corporativos de las empresas en el periodo 2010-2011 y mediante un analisis comparativo se presentan la implementacion de los principios de Gobierno Corporativo en relacion a lo estipulado en la ley 20.382, considerando como fuentes de informacion sus paginas corporativas, de la Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros y otras fuentes de informacion de uso publico. Para finalmente concluir que los principios de los gobiernos corporativos establecidos por la ley son cumplidos en su mayoria por las empresas bajo estudio
In-Memory Low-Cost Bit-Serial Addition Using Commodity DRAM Technology

In-memory computing architectures present a promising solution to address the memory- and the power-wall challenges by mitigating the bottleneck between processing units and storage. Such architectures incorporate computing functionalities inside memory arrays to make better use of the large internal memory bandwidth, thereby, avoiding frequent data movements. In-DRAM computing architectures offer high throughput and energy improvements in accelerating modern data-intensive applications like machine learning etc . In this manuscript, we propose a vector addition methodology inside DRAM arrays through functional read enabled on local word-lines. The proposed primitive performs majority-based addition operations by storing data in transposed manner. Majority functions are achieved in DRAM cells by activating odd number of rows simultaneously. The proposed majority based bit-serial addition enables huge parallelism and high throughput. We validate the robustness of the proposed in-DRAM computing methodology under process variations to ascertain its reliability. Energy evaluation of the proposed scheme shows 21.7X improvement compared to normal data read operations in standard DDR3-1333 interface. Moreover, compared to state-of-the-art in-DRAM compute proposals, the proposed scheme provides one of the fastest addition mechanisms with low area overhead ( ${k}$ -Nearest Neighbor ( ${k}$ NN) algorithm on the MNIST handwritten digit classification dataset shows 11.5X performance improvement compared to a conventional von-Neumann machine.
Sequelae of Cranial Irradiation: Stroke-like Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome (P3.6-002)

Objective: NA Background: Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare complication of cranial irradiation. It has been increasingly encountered with prolonged survival after cranial irradiation for primary or metastatic brain tumors. Design/Methods: Case description: This is a 40 year old left-handed male with history of metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor treated 8 years ago. Treatment included surgical resection of bifrontal metastatic lesions followed by whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) to a total dose of 30 Gy. He suffered residual impairment of cognitive and executive functions and mild right hemiparesis. Sequelae included infrequent focal epileptic seizures involving right arm and face with few episodes of secondary generalization. Seizures were fairly controlled with a single AED and he remained seizure free for the last 3 years. He presented with new onset left sided headache and subsequently developed global aphasia, flaccid left-sided hemiplegia, and had a generalized seizure. Extensive workup ruled out vascular, infectious and neoplastic etiologies. MRI showed leptomeningeal enhancement involving the entire left hemisphere compelling for a diagnosis of SMART syndrome based on imaging findings and clinical history. He gradually returned to clinical baseline over the following 10 days. Follow-up MRI revealed resolution of cortical enhancement on MRI. Results: NA Conclusions: SMART syndrome is a rare complication of cranial irradiation. Pathophysiology has been speculated to be a result of a process driven by cerebral hyperexcitability with impaired autoregulatory mechanisms and endothelial damage as a consequence of remote radiation. Clinico-radiological features are challenging and typically include reversible episodic unilateral neurological dysfunction, headache and sometimes seizures in association with transient cortical gadolinium enhancement. Differential diagnoses includes: tumor recurrence, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, infection, vascular disorders, hemiplegic migraine, posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) and post-ictal MRI changes. Duration of symptoms varies from hours to several weeks. Most reported cases had full clinical and radiological recovery with symptomatic management. Disclosure: Dr. Hamouda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jazebi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weathers has received research support from Mundipharma and Genentech.
Stability of plutonium oxide nanoparticles in the presence of montmorillonite and implications for colloid facilitated transport

Abstract The physical and chemical stability of PuO2 nanoparticles (intrinsic colloids) in groundwater will control their transport and may affect the performance of high-level radioactive waste repositories. We examined the chemical stability of two types of PuO2 nanoparticles at both 25 and 80 °C. The “alkaline” PuO2 nanoparticles were prepared by neutralizing an acidic Pu(IV) solution with dilute NaOH to pH ~9.5. The “acidic” PuO2 nanoparticles were precipitated from 0.1 M nitric acid by heating a Pu(IV) solution at 60–80 °C for 30 min. The chemical stability of these PuO2 nanoparticles was tested in the presence of montmorillonite, a common mineral in the environment and potentially relevant backfill material in some nuclear waste repository designs. The “alkaline” PuO2 nanoparticles were found to be unstable over a timescale of months at both 25 and 80 °C, with elevated temperature enhancing their dissolution rates and sorption to montmorillonite. PuO2 nanoparticle dissolution rates decreased with increasing Pu concentration, consistent with solution saturation. The “acidic” PuO2 nanoparticles appeared to remain stable for much longer than the “alkaline” PuO2 nanoparticles. The “alkaline” PuO2 nanoparticle dissolution rate constants were as high as 10−11.9±0.4 mol m−2 s−1 and 10−11.2±0.2 mol m−2 s−1 at 25 and 80 °C, respectively, while the “acidic” PuO2 nanoparticle dissolution rate at 80 °C was 10−13.5 mol m−2 s−1. Based on transmission electron microscopy, the “alkaline” and “acidic” PuO2 nanoparticles were of similar size (2.5–4.5 and 2–3 nm nanoparticles, respectively). However, the “acidic” PuO2 nanoparticles formed more ordered nanoparticle aggregates. Our results suggest that the specific conditions experienced during PuO2 nanoparticle formation could significantly affect the stability of PuO2 in the presence of competing sorption processes and, in turn, the relative importance of intrinsic versus pseudocolloid transport in the environment.
Clinical outcomes of diffuse PVNS of the knee following arthroscopic complete synovectomy±posterior open resection.

Introduction This study compares recurrence rates and functional outcomes of patients who underwent anterior arthroscopic synovectomy versus combined anterior arthroscopic/posterior open synovectomy for diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (DPVNS). Methods 41 patients were grouped by initial procedure and tracked for disease recurrence and functional outcomes (Lysholm Scale). Results 24 patients (58.5%) had disease recurrence [16 (57.1%) arthroscopic, 8 (61.5%) combined, chi-square test p = 0.81]. The combined procedure mean Lysholm Score (75.4) exceeded the arthroscopic (68.1) (two-sample t-test p = 0.25). Conclusions There is no statistical evidence that the combined procedure harms functionality more than arthroscopic only or that recurrence rates differ between treatment methods.
Property crime: Investigating career patterns and earnings

Abstract I investigate self-reported theft data in the NLSY 1997 Cohort for the years 1997–2011. Several striking patterns emerge. First, individuals appear to be active thieves for extremely short periods – in most cases in only one year, and fewer than 5% of thieves for more than three years out of the 15 years of data. Second, self-reported earnings from theft are generally very low and there is little evidence of “successful” criminals or consistent earnings from theft. Third, measures that proxy impatience (smoking, for example) are highly correlated with theft. Fourthly, thieves and non-thieves have similar earnings during the years of peak theft activity, but thieves have lower earnings in their late 20s (after most have long since stopped committing theft). Attrition of survey respondents, underreporting and incapacitation effects do not appear to explain this. There may be “professional thieves” too rare to show up in even large samples such as the NLSY. Theft in the United States thus appears to be substantially a phenomenon of individuals entering a temporary period of intensified risk-taking in adolescence.
Improved feature selection for hematopoietic cell transplantation outcome prediction using rank aggregation

This paper presents a methodology for developing an improved feature selection technique that will help in accurate prediction of outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Allogeneic HSCT using related or unrelated donors is the standard treatment for many patients with blood related malignancies who are unlikely to be cured by chemotherapy alone, but survival is limited by treatment-related mortality and relapse. Various genetic factors such as tissue type or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type and immune cell receptors, including the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family can affect the success or failure of HSCT. In this paper we aim to develop a novel, aggregated ranking based feature selection technique using HLA and KIR genotype data, which can efficiently assist in donor selection before BMT and confer significant survival benefit to the patients. In our approach we use a rank aggregation based feature selection technique for selecting suitable donor genotype characteristics. The result obtained is evaluated with classifiers for prediction accuracy. On average, our algorithm improves the prediction accuracy of the results by 3–4% compared to generic analysis without using feature selection or single feature selections algorithms. Most importantly the selected features completely agree with those obtained using traditional statistical approaches, proving the efficiency and robustness of our technique which has great potential in the medical domain.
Inter-rater Reliability and Misclassification of the ABCD2 Score after Transient Ischemic Attack

Background The ABCD 2 score was initially developed as a simple tool to help first-line clinicians identify patients at highest short-term risk for stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA). The score is increasingly used for risk stratification of TIA patients, but little is known about its inter-rater reliability. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the inter-rater reliability of the ABCD 2 score in patients with TIA, including a comparison among raters of different specialties. Methods Patients presenting to the emergency department with TIA within 48 hours of onset were prospectively evaluated. TIA was defined as acute onset of focal cerebral or monocular symptoms lasting less than 24 hours and presumed because of a vascular cause. Only patients who were asymptomatic at the time of enrollment were eligible. ABCD 2 scores determined by raters of different specialties were compared with those of a vascular neurology attending. Estimated component and total scores and ABCD 2 risk category were compared between raters. Reliability was assessed using unweighted kappa statistics. Results A total of 362 evaluations resulting in ABCD 2 scores were performed. In addition to the vascular neurology attending, scores were generated by internal medicine (n = 72), emergency medicine (n = 37), and neurology junior (n = 92) and senior (n = 57) residents. Based on attending scores, 35% of patients were categorized as low risk (ABCD 2 score, 0-3), 50% as moderate risk (ABCD 2 score, 4-5), and 16% as high risk (ABCD 2 score, 6-7). Inter-rater reliability was fair for ABCD 2 total score (κ = .26) and category (κ = .29). Raters agreed with the vascular neurology attending 67% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61%-73%) of the time for ABCD 2 category and 52% (95% CI, 46%-58%) of the time for ABCD 2 total score. Disagreement more often resulted in a lower score by the raters as compared with the vascular neurology attending for both ABCD 2 total score and category. Inter-rater reliability of component scores was near perfect for age (κ = .95) and diabetes (κ = .81) and substantial for blood pressure (κ = .67), but only moderate for clinical features (κ = .55) and duration (κ = .48). Conclusions The inter-rater reliability of the ABCD 2 score is only fair, with rater disagreement of ABCD 2 risk category in nearly one third of patients.
ON AN "IMPRACTICAL" PAPER

The article on "Appearance and Localization of a Nerve Growth-Promoting Protein during Development" by Winick and Greenberg, which appears elsewhere in this issue of PEDIA-rRICs, is one of a type which tends to bring fire into the eyes of those of our readers who feel that there is an improper balance between "scientific" and "clinical" papers in this journal. As one who has defended the thesis that PEDIATRICS should consciously serve its readers who are practitioners as well as those who are academicians, it seems worthwhile to comment briefly on the reasons for recommending publication of this article. First, I was favorably impressed by the merits of the manuscript from the purely editorial point of view:
Experiences in Adopting Real-Time Java for Flight-Like Software

This work involves developing representative mission-critical spacecraft software using the Real-Time Specification for Java(RTSJ)[1]. Utilizing a real mission design, this work leverages the original flight code from NASA’s Deep Space 1(DS1), which flew in 1998. However, instead of performing a line-by-line port, the code is re-architected in pure JavaTM, using best practices in Object-Oriented(OO) design. We have successfully demonstrated a portion of the spacecraft attitude control and fault protection, running on the standard Java platform, as well as on the reference implementation of the RTSJ. Our goal is to run on flight-like hardware, in closed-loop with the original spacecraft dynamics simulation.
Review of Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End by Gawande

The experience of death and dying has become an event that happens within the confines of the hospital and nursing home. Gawande refers to this fact as an “experiment of making mortality a medical experience” (9), and he is writing this book to expose how the experiment is failing.
The effects of right ventricular apical pacing with transvenous pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator on mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.

Background: The incidence of new or worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR) or mitral regurgitation (MR) after permanent pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead placement has not been well investigated. We studied the effect of transvenous leads implantation and right ventricular (RV) pacing on tricuspid and mitral valve regurgitations. Methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients undergoing PPM or ICD lead placement in our electrophysiology laboratory from December 2001 to December 2006. Results: A total of 206 patients (120 with PPM and 86 with ICD) had baseline echocardiography within 6 months before, and a follow up study at least 6 months after lead insertion. The mean age was 74 ± 14 years; 56% were men. The follow-up period was 29 ± 19 months. TR worsened by at least one grade after lead insertion in 44.7% patients (P b 0.001). Pre- and post-implant changes in TR severity did not differ with respect to lead type (ICD vs. PPM) or degree of RV pacing dependence. As for MR; patients with high frequency of RV pacing (N40%) had a higher incidence of worsening MR when compared to those with low frequency of RV pacing (44% vs. 19%; P b 0.001). Conclusion: PPM or ICD lead implantation worsens TR; that effect is probably induced by mechanical interferences with the TV closure and was consistent regardless the lead type or degree of RV Pacing. MR was noted to increase in patients with high frequency of RV pacing frequency; this is probably caused by the mechanical dyssynchrony induced by RV pacing. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Use of Literature to Illustrate the Principles of Marketing: A Familiarity-Based Approach:

Presently, more and more business educators are relying on computer and video technologies to complement their teaching effectiveness. This article argues for a literary approach to teaching marketing principles that can be used as an effective complement to the video and computer-aided lectures to enhance student interest. Personal selling principles are illustrated through use of passages from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.
A miRNA-Based Signature Detected in Primary Melanoma Tissue Predicts Development of Brain Metastasis

Purpose: Brain metastasis is the major cause of mortality among patients with melanoma. A molecular prognostic test that can reliably stratify patients at initial melanoma diagnosis by risk of developing brain metastasis may inform the clinical management of these patients. Experimental Design: We performed a retrospective, cohort-based study analyzing genome-wide and targeted microRNA expression profiling of primary melanoma tumors of three patient cohorts ( n = 92, 119, and 45) with extensive clinical follow-up. We used Cox regression analysis to establish a microRNA-based signature that improves the ability of the current clinicopathologic staging system to predict the development of brain metastasis. Results: Our analyses identified a 4-microRNA ( miR-150-5p , miR-15b-5p , miR-16-5p , and miR-374b-3p) prognostic signature that, in combination with stage, distinguished primary melanomas that metastasized to the brain from nonrecurrent and non–brain metastatic primary tumors (training cohort: C-index = 81.4%, validation cohort: C-index = 67.4%, independent cohort: C-index = 76.9%). Corresponding Kaplan–Meier curves of high- versus low-risk patients displayed a clear separation in brain metastasis-free and overall survival (training: P < 0.001; P < 0.001, validation: P = 0.033; P = 0.007, independent: P = 0.021; P = 0.022, respectively). Finally, of the microRNA in the prognostic model, we found that the expression of a key lymphocyte miRNA, miR-150-5p , which is less abundant in primary melanomas metastatic to brain, correlated with presence of CD45+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: A prognostic assay based on the described miRNA expression signature combined with the currently used staging criteria may improve accuracy of primary melanoma patient prognoses and aid clinical management of patients, including selection for adjuvant treatment or clinical trials of adjuvant therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4903–12. ©2015 AACR .
Coupling a High-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation Total Organic Carbon Analyzer to an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer To Measure Natural-Abundance δ13C-Dissolved Organic Carbon in Marine and Freshwater Samples

The stable isotope composition of dissolved organic carbon (δ13C-DOC) provides powerful information toward understanding carbon sources and cycling, but analytical limitations have precluded its routine measurement in natural samples. Recent interfacing of wet oxidation-based dissolved organic carbon analyzers and isotope ratio mass spectrometers has simplified the measurement of δ13C-DOC in freshwaters, but the analysis of salty estuarine/marine samples still proves difficult. Here we describe the coupling of the more widespread high-temperature catalytic oxidation-based total organic carbon analyzer to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (HTC-IRMS) through cryogenic trapping of analyte gases exiting the HTC analyzer for routine analysis of δ13C-DOC in aquatic and marine samples. Targeted elimination of major sources of background CO2 originating from the HTC analyzer allows for the routine measurement of samples over the natural range of DOC concentrations (from 40 μM to over 2000 μM), and salinities (<0...
Extremes and local dependence in stationary sequences

Extensions of classical extreme value theory to apply to stationary sequences generally make use of two types of dependence restriction: (a) a weak “mixing condition” restricting long range dependence (b) a local condition restricting the “clustering” of high level exceedances.
Comparison of early and late complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with and without concomitant placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Previous studies have reported a significant morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in conjunction with the placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) with an epicardial lead system. In the absence of a control group, how significantly the component of concomitant placement of the ICD system contributes to these untoward outcomes remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the short- and long-term complications in patients undergoing CABG surgery in conjunction with the placement of an ICD with epicardial leads and to compare these complications with those of patients who had only CABG surgery (control group). The study group (group A) consisted of 56 patients who underwent CABG surgery and placement of an ICD pulse generator with epicardial leads. A control group (group B) consisted of 56 patients who underwent CABG surgery only during the same time period. The two groups were matched for age, sex distribution, left ventricular function, surgical approach, number of bypass grafts per patient, bypass pump time, and length of follow-up period. The early mortality for group A was 7.1% versus 1.8% for group B (p > 0.05). The incidence of early morbidity (congestive heart failure, infection, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias) for groups A and B was similar (26.8% vs 25.0%, p > 0.05). The incidence of late mortality and morbidity (progression of congestive heart failure, recurrence of coronary events, chronic atrial fibrillation) for groups A and group B were 7.7% versus 5.5% (p > 0.05) and 23.1% versus 21.8% (p > 0.05), respectively. However, death caused by cardiopulmonary difficulties was more frequent in group A than group B (12.5% vs 1.8%, p < 0.05). With the availability of the nonthoracotomy lead system and the pulse generator capable of delivering biphasic shock waveform, to place such an ICD system at a later time after the CABG surgery appears to be the preferred approach to treat patients who need both surgical coronary revascularization and ICD.
AGE AND DOSE DEPENDENT PULMONARY VASCULAR CHANGES WITH PGD2 IN CHRONICALLY INSTRUMENTED LAMBS

We operated 17 newborn lambs at 21 days (n=11) with .01,1, and 10 ug/kg PGD2 given in random order as a 1 minute infusion. We measured maximal change in systemic, pulmonary, and left atrial (SAP, PAP, and LAP) pressure, cardiac output (CO), and we calculated systemic (SVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and PVR/SVR. Decreased PVR was found only in young lambs with hypoxia +10ug/kg PGD2. Increased PVR occurred with PGD2 during normoxia but not hypoxia in the older lambs. At each dose, with both N and H, SVR either increased or did not change. Thus, PGD2 might be useful in the immediate neonatal period for treatment of pulmonary hypertension, but very careful diagnosis and monitoring will be mandatory.
Nonlinear prediction methods for estimation of clique weighting parameters in non-Gaussian image models

NonGaussian Markov image models are effective in the preservation of edge detail in Bayesian formulations of restoration and reconstruction problems. Included in these models are coefficients quantifying the statistical links among pixels in local cliques, which are typically assumed to have an inverse dependence on distance among the corresponding neighboring pixels. Estimation of these coefficients is a nontrivial task for Non Gaussian models. We present rules for coefficient estimation for edge- preserving models which are particularly effective for edge preservation and noise suppression, using a predictive technique analogous to estimation of the weights of optimal weighted median filters.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Role of protein kinase C in the phosphorylation of CD33 (Siglec-3) and its effect on lectin activity

CD33 (Siglec-3) is a marker of myeloid progenitor cells, mature myeloid cells, and most myeloid leukemias. Although its biologic role remains unknown, it has been demonstrated to function as a sialic acid-specific lectin and a cell adhesion molecule. Many of the Siglecs (including CD33) have been reported to be tyrosine phosphorylated in the cytosolic tails under specific stimulation conditions. Here we report that CD33 is also a serine/threonine phosphoprotein, containing at least 2 sites of serine phosphorylation in its cytoplasmic domain, catalyzed by protein kinase C (PKC). Phosphorylation could be augmented by exposure to the protein kinase-activating cytokines interleukin 3, erythropoietin, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in a cytokine-dependent cell line, TF-1. The CD33 cytoplasmic tail was phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, in a Ca(++)/lipid-dependent manner. CHOK1 cells stably expressing CD33 with cytoplasmic tails of various length also showed phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-dependent phosphorylation of CD33. Inhibition of CD33 phosphorylation with pharmacologic agents resulted in an increase of sialic acid-dependent rosette formation. Furthermore, the occupancy of the lectin site affected its basal level of phosphorylation. Rosette formation by COS cells expressing a form of CD33 lacking its cytoplasmic domain was not affected by these same agents. These data indicate that CD33 is a phosphoprotein, that its phosphorylation may be controlled by PKC downstream of cytokine stimulation, and that its phosphorylation is cross-regulated with its lectin activity. Notably, although this is the first example of serine/threonine phosphorylation in the subfamily of CD33-like Siglecs, some of the other members also have putative target sites in their cytoplasmic tails.
Tyrosine, iodide, and human serum lipoproteins.

Conclusions and Summary1) Tyrosine and potassium iodide do not have any effect on serum lipoprotein and total serum cholesterol concentrations. 2) These findings indicate that in clinically euthyroid patients neither substance appears to be a limiting factor in thyroidal synthesis of thyroid hormones from tyrosine and iodide.
The Teachergarten: Creating an Environment Conducive to Meaningful Teacher Growth

This editorial provides discussion of conditions and actions needed to create and sustain a context and environment that is nurturing and conducive to meaningful professional teacher growth. The authors are a program director and master (lead) teacher from a university demonstration/laboratory program that is both state licensed and accredited through the National Association for the Education of Young Children. They frame the dialogue to address issues of (a) commitment to professional development as a long-term investment in program quality, (b) intellectual safety and challenge, (c) creative use of available resources, (d) respect for all stakeholders in the program, and (e) intentional modeling.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation over MT/MST fails to impair judgments of implied motion.

The medial temporal and medial superior temporal cortex (MT/MST) is involved in the processing of visual motion, and fMRI experiments indicate that there is greater activation when subjects view static images that imply motion than when they view images that do not imply motion at all. We applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to MT/MST in order to assess the functional necessity of this region for the processing of implied motion represented in static images. Area MT/MST was localized by the use of a TMS-induced misperception of visual motion, and its location was verified through the monitored completion of a motion discrimination task. We controlled for possible impairments in general visual processing by having subjects perform an object categorization task with and without TMS. Although MT/MST stimulation impaired performance in a motion discrimination task (and vertex stimulation did not), there was no difference in performance between the two forms of stimulation in the implied motion discrimination task. MT/MST stimulation did, however, improve subjects’ performance in the object categorization task. These results indicate that, within 150 msec of stimulus presentation, MT/MST is not directly involved in the visual processing of static images in which motion is implied. The results do, however, confirm previous findings that disruption of MT/MST may improve efficiency in more ventral visual processing streams.
Brief report: Response to national institutes of health report

The report was a good document but unfortunately it did not adequately address the need to do research on sensory problems in autism. As a person with autism I am very concerned about this. A better understanding of sensory problems will lead to more effective treatments. Research in this area will explain why an intensive behavior program, such as that proposed by Lovaas (1987), will work with one child and fail with another. There is also a need to research the best therapies for sensory dysfunction. Sensory processing and attention shifting are abnormal in autism (Ciesielski, Courchesne, & Elmasian, 1990; Ornitz 1985; WainwrightSharp & Bryson, 1993). Certain types of sensory input such as flickering fluorescent lights will increase repetitive behavior (Colman, Frankel, Ritvo, & Freeman, 1976). Reports from people with autism clearly show that sights, sounds, and sensations that do not bother normal people may be painful and confusing. Sound sensitivity and intense discomfort caused by certain sounds is reported frequently (Bemporad, 1979; Grandin, 1992a,. 1995; Grandin & Scariano, 1986; Stehli, 1991; White & White, 1987). Autistics also report that they sometimes have difficulty understanding speech and that hearing may fade in and out (Jolifee, Lakesdown, & Robinson, 1992; Williams, 1994; Sinclair, 1992; White & White, 1987). An auditory training treatment which consists of listening to electronically modified music has reduced sound sensitivity and decreased behavior problems in individuals with autism (Rimland & Edelson, 1994, 1995). Teachers and parents both maintain that sensory integration therapy is helpful. The method was developed by Ayres (1979) and consists of ap-
STATISTICAL POWER AND COST IN TRAINING EVALUATION: SOME NEW CONSIDERATIONS

Two ways to reduce the costs of training evaluation are examined. First, we examine the potential for reducing the costs of training evaluation by assigning different numbers of subjects into training and control groups. Given a total N of subjects, statistical power to detect the effectiveness of a training program can be maximized by assigning the subjects equally to training and control groups. If we take into account the costs of training evaluation, however, an unequal-group-size design with a larger total N may achieve the same level of statistical power at lower cost. We derive formulas for the optimal ratios of the control group size to the training group size for both ANOVA and ANCOVA designs, incorporating the differential costs of training and control group participation. Second, we examine the possibility that using a less expensive proxy criterion measure in place of the target criterion measure of interest when evaluating the training effectiveness can pay off. We show that using a proxy criterion increases the sample size needed to achieve a given level of statistical power, and then we describe procedures for examining the tradeoff between the costs saved by using the less expensive proxy criterion and the costs incurred by the larger sample size.
Treatment of artificially-induced pulmonary metastases with fractionated doses of vincristine and/or radiation therapy

The cytotoxic effects in vivo of vincristine (VC), radiation, or both modalities in combination on murine fibrosarcoma (FSa) cells grown as pulmonary tumors were determined. Fourteen days following the i.v. injection of viable FSa cells, recipient mice developed between 100 and 150 visible pulmonary nodules. At that time, tumor-bearing animals were exposed to either single or combined modality treatments, as well as single and fractionated dose regimens. Animals were sacrificed 1 hour after the last treatment. Tumor nodules were excised and made into a single cell suspension and separated on the basis of cell size by centrifugal elutriation. Flow microfluorometry (FMF) was used to determine the cell-cycle parameters and the relative synchrony of the separated populations, as well as the percentage contamination by normal diploid cells in each of the tumor cell populations. Known numbers of viable cells from each elutriator fraction were injected into recipient mice to determine their colony-forming efficiency (CFE). Surviving fractions were determined by comparing the CFEs of treated FSa cells from each of the separated elutriator fractions with those of appropriate untreated controls. Following a single dose of VC (1 mg/kg), populations of cells enriched in late S and G2 + M were the most sensitive. However, following the administration of five doses (0.25 mg/kg each) over a 24 hour period, populations of cells most enriched in G1 cells exhibited the lowest percentage of survivors. A single dose of radiation (1000 rad) was most effective in killing S-phase cells. When administered in five fractions (250 rad per fraction), each separated by a 6 hour interval, no phase-specific sensitivity was observed. The combination of both modalities exhibited a marked schedule dependence, with a single dose (1000 rad) of radiation followed by five doses of VC (0.25 mg/kg) being the most effective treatment protocol observed.
Stability of functionally graded hybrid composite plates

This paper presents a formulation of the stability problem for a rectangular composite plate reinforced by two types of fibers, one of them being both stiffer and more expensive than the other. An obvious design solution based on cost containment is to concentrate stiffer and more expensive fibers in the area of the plate where they can provide a maximum benefit to its stability. In the present paper, the stiffer fibers replace a certain fraction of “ordinary” fibers in the layers of the plate oriented along the load direction. Moreover, a distribution of the volume fraction of these fibers across the width of the corresponding layers is nonuniform (piece-wise distribution). The goal is to maximize the buckling load subject to the constraint on the total cross-sectional area of the stiffer fibers. The solution can be obtained exactly by integrating the equation of equilibrium for each plate region where the stiffnesses are constant and satisfying the continuity and boundary conditions. Another approach, which is employed in this paper, is based on the Galerkin procedure. Numerical examples illustrate a possibility of a significant enhancement of the buckling load using functionally graded hybrid composite plates.
Carbon aerogels as broadband non-reflective materials

Abstract We report the reflectance properties over a wide spectral range of five carbon aerogels prepared by different synthetic routes. Carbon aerogels that were prepared by the conventional base-catalyzed hydration and polymerization of a resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) solution followed by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere have the lowest reflectance among all the aerogels investigated. The directional hemispherical reflectance (DHR) of the low density 0.07 g/cm 3 conventional carbon aerogel studied is on the order of 0.3% across the entire 40,000–700 cm −1 ( 0.25–14.3 μm ) region. The other carbon aerogels studied all have DHR values below ∼6% in the infrared and below 2.5% in the ultraviolet. Increasing the incidence angle from 8° to 30° leads to an increase of ∼0.2% in the DHR of each material. The low reflectivity of carbon aerogels is attributed to high absorption by carbon along with the rough internal and external surfaces of the aerogel structure.
Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Near-Inertial Kinetic Energy from Historical Moored Velocity Records

Abstract Temporal and spatial patterns of near-inertial kinetic energy (KEmoor) are investigated in a database of 2480 globally distributed, moored current-meter records (deployed on 690 separate moorings) and compared with the distribution of wind-forced mixed-layer energy flux FML. By computing KEmoor using short (30 day) multitaper spectral windows, the seasonal cycle is resolved. Clear winter enhancement by a factor of 4–5 is seen in the Northern Hemisphere for latitudes 25°–45° at all depths <4500 m, in close agreement with the magnitude, phase, and latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle of FML. In the Southern Hemisphere, data coverage is poorer, but a weaker seasonal cycle (a factor of 2) in both KEmoor and FML is still resolvable between 35° and 50°. When Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) scaled using climatological buoyancy-frequency profiles, summer KEmoor is approximately constant in depth while showing a clear decrease by a factor of 4–5 from 500 to 3500 m in winter. Spatial coverage is su...
Current Excitement about the Glutamate Receptor Family

Glutamatergic synaptic transmission provides the major excitatory drive to neurons within the mammalian central nervous system, and the consequent activation of glutamate re ceptors participates in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. There are several classes of ligand-gated glutamate receptors that express characteristic elec trophysiological properties. Glutamate receptors are multimeric proteins encoded by a large family of glutamate receptor genes, and individual genes are expressed by restricted populations of cells. One source of the functional diversity of glutamate receptors is the assembly of subunits into hetero-oligomeric complexes. An additional source of diversity comes from splice variants of individual subunits and editing of the messenger RNA se quence of some subunits at critical sites. Glutamate receptor subunit gene expression is dynamically regulated during development and in response to physiological and patho logical stimuli. Particular combinations of glutam...
Factoring larger multivariate polynomials

An improved algorithm for factoring multivariate polynomials over the integers has been developed. For larger polynomials, it is generally faster and requires less storage than the original algorithm as described by Wang and Rothschild [2]. The new algorithm has improved strategy to deal with the known problems of the original algorithm. namely, the leading coefficient problem, the bad-zero problem and the combinatorial search for true factors. It features a linearly convergent variable-by-variable p-adic construction procedure for parallel lifting of all factors at once. This procedure is very efficient and it relies on i) distributing the factors of the leading coefficient correctly, and ii) solving the equation αf+βg = h, with multivariate f, g and h, efficiently. Details of these and other aspects of this algorithm together with its generalization to factoring over algebraic number fields will be forthcoming. Obviously, the EZ-GCD algorithm [1] can be similarly improved if its lifting procedure is replaced.