cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asthma coaching in the pediatric emergency department.

Objectives: Coaching and monetary incentives have been used to modify medical behavior of individuals with several chronic diseases, including asthma. The authors performed a randomized, controlled trial of an intervention combining asthma coaching during an emergency department (ED) visit for asthma, and monetary incentive to improve follow-up with primary care providers (PCP). Methods: Subjects were parents of children 2–12 years of age, with Medicaid or no medical insurance, receiving treatment for asthma in the ED. The primary outcome was a verified PCP visit for asthma within two weeks of the index ED visit. All parents received 15 for their time in the ED. Parents in the intervention group were told that they would receive an additional 15 monetary incentive if a PCP visit was completed. The coach engaged in a dialogue with the parent during the ED visit, and discussed the importance and advantages of seeking follow-up care with the child's PCP. All parents received the usual discharge instructions, including advice to see the PCP within three days. Results: The authors enrolled 92 parents; outcome data were available for 86 (42 controls, 50 intervention). Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who had follow-up PCP visits between the intervention (22.0%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 11.5% to 36.0%) and control (23.8%; 95% CI = 12.0% to 39.4%) groups (p = 0.99). Conclusions: An intervention combining asthma coaching during acute ED visits and a monetary incentive to return for a PCP visit does not appear to increase follow-up with the PCP.
Time-dependent distributions in self-quenching nucleation.

Diffusion- and interface-limited Becker-D\"oring (BD) -type nucleation is considered in a closed system, where supersaturation is depleted by growing nuclei. Special focus is on nonadiabatic effects, which become increasingly pronounced for barriers lower than $20--25{k}_{B}T$, and which lead to nucleation rates deviating from their quasi-steady-state (QSS) values. Several essential modifications of the QSS distribution are observed. For example, the front is continuous rather than sharp and has a double-exponential shape, which is in agreement with the earlier matched asymptotic solution obtained in neglect of depletion. The total number of nuclei is larger than predicted by the QSS approximation. The obtained distributions are compared with numerical solutions of the BD equations and can serve as initial conditions for further transition to the Ostwald Ripening stage.
The angiogenic activity of the fibroblast and epidermal growth factor.

Abstract The angiogenic activities of the fibroblast and epidermal growth factors in vivo have been analyzed using the rabbit cornea as a model. The angiogenic activity of slow-release form of Elwax 40 containing either fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) at concentrations ranging from 0·5 to 60 μg were compared. A positive response was observed with concentrations of EGF as low as 1 μg per implant. The optimal concentration causing neovascularization in 100% of the cases was 10 μg per implant. With FGF, a positive response was observed at 2·5 μg per implant and the optimal concentration causing neovascularization in 100% of the cases was 25 μg per implant. In both cases, and in contrast with implants of serum albumin, the neovascularization could be seen to progress in the absence of inflammation.
Field-ion microscopy and atom-probe mass spectroscopy of sulfur on the (111) plane of nickel☆

Abstract The adsorption of sulfur on nickel field emitter surfaces has been studied by field-ion microscopy and atom-probe mass spectroscopy. The sulfur was deposited by dosing the nickel surface with H 2 S gas at elevated temperatures (~ 500 K). Individual sulfur atoms on the close-packed (111) plane were found to image very clearly in the field-ion microscope, but were highly resistant to field desorption. Typically, 30 to 60 nickel (111) layers could be field evaporated before the sulfur was removed. Imaging atom-probe mass spectra taken from the (111) region contained sulfur signals only ocassionally, and these usually occurred upon the final collapse of a (111) plane. The results indicate that field-ion microscope studies of the structure of adsorbed sulfur overlayers on nickel are possible, but that atom-probe analysis of sulfur on nickel at temperatures above 40 K cannot be undertaken quantitatively.
Diffraction Effects in Reflected Ultrasound Spectral Estimates

This paper explores the effect of diffraction on estimates of the spectra of signals reflected from interfaces located at a given range from the transducer. When an ultrasound pulse is transmitted into a medium, the power spectra of reflected signals vary as a function of range from the transducer. These spectral changes are caused by diffraction effects, due to the finite-sized aperture, and by the properties of the medium. When the properties of the medium are to be determined from the backscattered signals, the diffraction effects tend to mask these properties, especially in the near field. Estimates of the diffraction effects are determined by accurately estimating the reflected signal spectra at a set of ranges from the transducer. The observed signals are reflections from media that are composed of randomly distributed scatterers and have a linear-with-frequency attenuation. The two random media considered are the in vivo liver and a tissue-equivalent phantom. The results indicate that the diffraction effects produce a high-frequency enhancement in the reflected spectra which diminishes with range. Similar results are observed for the reflections from plane and randomly roughened surfaces located at the same ranges. Simulated results using a transducer model verify the plane surface results. The effect of diffraction is examined in the clinical problem of estimating the slope of the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the in vivo liver. Diffraction introduces a bias into the observed slope estimate. The bias is a function of the range interval over which the reflected data are acquired.
The effect of surface oxygen on hydrocarbon reactions catalyzed by platinum crystal surfaces with variable kink concentrations

Abstract We have investigated the oxygen and hydrogen chemisorption properties and catalytic activities of the (12, 9, 8), (10, 8, 7), (654) and (321) platinum crystal surfaces which have (111) terraces, (410), (310) and (210) step orientations with 4.5, 5.9, 9.1 and 20% kink concentrations respectively. A UHV apparatus equipped for TDS, AES and LEED was utilized in these studies as a low pressure (10 −5 –10 −6 Torr) flow reactor. Partial oxidation of the terraces at 800°C in 10 −7 –10 −6 Torr of O 2 enhanced the initial rates of cyclohexene hydrogenation and dehydrogenation and cyclohexane dehydrogenation. The ordered, (√3 × √3)-R30°-O, oxygen layer was partially subsurface, strongly bound ( E d ~ 60 kcal mole −1 in zero coverage limit) and completely stable under reaction conditions in excess H 2 . The enhancement in dehydrogenation activity at 150°C was greatest on the (10, 8, 7) platinum crystal surface with (310) step orientation (5.9% kinks). With a constant 5-atom terrace width the maximum activity shifted to higher oxygen coverage with increasing kink concentration. Strong chemisorption of hydrogen at kink sites was correlated with the greater resistance to self-poisoning of kinked surfaces as compared to Pt(111) and stepped Pt(557).
Glatiramer acetate (GA), the immunomodulatory drug, inhibits inflammatory mediators and collagen degradation in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage

Summary Objective Glatiramer acetate (GA), the generic name for Copaxone, an immunomodulatory agent, has been shown to induce interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) production in macrophages. We therefore tested the effects of GA on the catabolic activities of osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. Design Primary human chondrocytes and OA cartilage explants were utilized in this study. IL-1Ra, pro-matrix metalloproteinase-13 (proMMP-13) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) were estimated in the cell culture supernatants and in vitro MMP-13 activity was measured using fluorogenic substrate. TaqMan Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to estimate relative expression levels of genes. Results GA treatment significantly increased transcription and production of sIL-1Ra ( P =0.001) in both culture models. Furthermore, addition of GA (100μg) inhibited: (1) spontaneous collagen degradation as assayed by CTX II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [mean CTX II (ng/g cartilage)] in control was 7.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–13.02]–3.415 (95% CI 0.81–6.02) ( P =0.0286); (2) spontaneous proMMP-13 secretion [mean MMP-13 (ng/g cartilage)] in control was 16.98 (95% CI 7.739–26.23)–6.973 (95% CI 1.632–12.31) ( P =0.0286); (3) production of IL-1β-induced inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) [mean NO (μM)] in IL-1 cultures was 11.47 (95% CI 7.10–15.83)–0.87 (95% CI 0.18–1.56) ( P =0.0022); and (4) recombinant MMP-13 in vitro activity (15–25%; P =0.004). Conclusions These data suggest that GA effects may be due to upregulation of IL-1Ra as well as direct inhibition of MMP-13 activity. Based on these studies, we propose that GA has potential for disease modifying properties in OA and should be evaluated in vivo in animal studies.
Reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and disordered mineral metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Vitamin D and mineral metabolism were studied in 21 adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosisand the results were compared to those in 21 matched controls. All CF patients had been maintained on standard multivitamin supplements in combination with pancreatic enzyme replacement. Despite this supplementation, relative to control subjects the CF patients had a 36% reduction in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, a slight but significant reduction in serum calcium concentration, evidence of calcium malabsorption with secondary hyperparathyroidism, and a 14% decrease in bone mass measured by the photon absorption technique. Currently accepted modes of pancreatic enzyme replacement and vitamin D supplementation are often inadequate to maintain normal mineral homeostasis in CF patients; additional measurements may be required to reduce the risk of clinically significant osteopenia concomitant with prolonged survival in CF.
Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) outcomes associated with increasing number of prior VBACs.

Evaluation of: Mercer BM, Gilbert S, Landon MB et al., for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal medicine Units Network: Labor outcomes with increasing number of prior vaginal births after cesarean delivery. Obstet. Gynecol. 111(2), 285–291 (2008). From a prospective US multicenter cohort of 45,988 patients with a singleton gestation and a prior cesarean, 13,532 women that elected to attempt a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) were selected for this secondary analysis. This study was conducted to estimate the success rates and risks of an attempted VBAC according to the number of previously successful VBAC attempts. Outcomes evaluated included VBAC success, maternal major morbidity (e.g., uterine rupture and surgical complications), neonatal morbidity (e.g., intensive care nursery admission and acidemia) and maternal and neonatal death. The VBAC success rate rose incrementally from 63.3 to 91.6% in patients that had from zero to four or more prior successful VBACs. ...
Mixed Moment Estimation in Hermite Distribution and its Comparison with Other Estimation Procedures from Sample Size Considerations

In this paper (1) expressions (correct to n−2 terms) for biases, variances, and covariances of the estimators a and b of Hermite distribution with probability generating function Exp[a(t–1) + b(t–1)] are obtained for two mixed moment estimates; (2) for the biases and variance-covariances, approximate regions of the parameter space (a>0, b>0) have been outlined where a sample of size 100 can be considered as “safe” in the sense that contribution of second order terms in them is 5% of that from the first order term; (3) comparison of the biases and variance-covariances of these two sets of estimators are made with those for the moment estimators, maximum likelihood estimates and the even point estimators for a sample of size 100 using the terms up to order n−2; (4) the comparisons based on n−2 terms in (3) have not only provided information on the estimation procedures included in the Hermite distribution, but also demonstrated the importance of higher order terms in the sampling properties of the various alternative techniques for the Hermite distribution.
Sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHR1 gene and homology of the PHR1 photolyase to E. coli photolyase.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a 2301 base pair region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA containing the PHR1 gene is reported. Within this region a single open reading frame of 1695 base pairs was found; using the insertional inactivation technique it was shown that part or all of this open reading frame specifies the PHR1-encoded photolyase. The amino acid sequence of the 565 amino acid long polypeptide predicted from the PHR1 nucleotide sequence was compared to the amino acid sequence of E. coli photolyase. Overall the sequence homology was 36.5%; however, two short regions near the amino terminus as well as the carboxy-terminal 150 amino acids display significantly greater sequence homology. The presence of these strongly conserved regions suggests that the yeast and E. coli photolyase possess common structural and functional domains involved in substrate and/or chromophore binding.
Human monocyte cytoplasmic spreading in vitro: Early kinetics and scanning electron microscopy

Abstract Human peripheral blood monocytes undergo maximal cytoplasmic spreading on glass coverslips, 55.0 ± 17.3% of cells with veil size of 4.9 ± 1.2 μm, and on antigen-antibody (BSA-anti-BSA) complexes, 69.4 ± 15.0% of cells with veil size of 6.0 ± 1.3 μm, after 10 min. Following this early cytoplasmic spreading, the veils retract. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates symmetrical spreading with ruffling of the plasma membranes evident after 10 min. Spread of monocytes on antigen-antibody complexes reveals a unique peripheral edge specialization with prominent microextension adhesion points to the substrate. The microextensions observed on monocytes adherent to antigen-antibody occur during reversal of spreading and are most likely related to interaction with immune complexes. The differences observed between spreading on glass and immune complexes are of importance to functional studies of Fc receptors.
Psychogenic and physiological sequelae to hypnosis: two case reports.

Abstract Two cases of hypnotic sequelae occurring in a research context (with a nonclinical college population) are reported. Case 1 was a male who experienced retroactive amnesia following hypnosis: He was unable to recall familiar telephone numbers later that day. This was not a continuation of an earlier confusion or drowsiness (as is often found) since he indicated he was wide awake following hypnosis. Two parallels exist with previous reports: unpleasant childhood experiences with chemical anesthesia and a conflict involving a wish to experience hypnosis but a reluctance to relinquish control. Case 2 was a female who, while in hypnosis, experienced an apparent epileptic seizure that had characteristics of both petit mal and grand mal seizures. Although having a history of epilepsy, she had not had a seizure in 7 years. We suspect that the seizure was psychogenic and may have been triggered by wording used in the hypnotic scale or other similarities. Possible mechanisms are discussed and preventative ...
Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on morphology development during polymer blending

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) was added during compounding of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the resulting morphology development was observed. The compounding took place in a twin screw extruder and a high-pressure batch mixer. Viscosity reduction of PMMA and polystyrene were measured using a slit die rheometer attached to the twin screw extruder. Carbon dioxide was added at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt% based on polymer melt flow rates. A viscosity reduction of up to 80% was seen with PMMA and up to 70% with polystyrene. A sharp decrease in the size of the minor (dispersed) phase was observed near the injection point of CO 2 in the twin screw extruder for blends with a viscosity ratio, ηPMMA/ηpolystyrene, of 7.3, at a shear rate of 100 s -1 . However, further compounding led to coalescence of the dispersed phase. Adding scCO 2 did not change the path of morphology development; however, the final domain size was smaller. In both batch and continuous blending, de-mixing occurred upon CO 2 venting. The reduction in size of the PMMA phase was lost after CO 2 venting. The resulting morphology was similar to that without the addition of CO 2 . Adding small amounts of fillers (e.g. carbon black, calcium carbonate, or nano-clay particles) tended to prevent the de-mixing of the polymer blend system when the CO 2 was released. For blends with a viscosity ratio of 1.3, at a shear rate of 100 s -1 , the addition of scCO 2 only slightly reduced the domain size of the minor phase.
Mitigation of GPS Cross-Correlation Errors using Semi-Codeless Tracking

Cross-correlation properties of the Global Positioning System (GPS) coarse acquisition (CA)-code can significantly degrade measurement performance for high precision applications. The use of semi-codeless P-code measurements of the Link 1 (L1) carrier signal for the mitigation of CA-code cross-correlation errors is investigated. The trade-off between cross-correlation error mitigation and squaring loss (SL) of the semi-codeless tracking is discussed. Test results are used to demonstrate the efficacy of using P-code measurements for the cross-correlation error mitigation.
H-type anorectal malformation: Case report and review of the literature

H-type anorectal malformations (ARM) are extremely rare variants in the spectrum of anorectal deformities. This configuration is more commonly described in females, and its presence in males has only been reported in case reports or small series. The report focuses on the successful treatment of this rare anomaly in a male patient and provides a review of currently available literature regarding surgical treatment options and outcomes.
ASIC1 and ASIC3 Play Different Roles in the Development of Hyperalgesia After Inflammatory Muscle Injury

Abstract Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) respond to acidosis that normally occurs after inflammation. We examined the expression of ASIC1 , ASIC2 , and ASIC3 mRNAs in lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons before and 24 hours after carrageenan-induced muscle inflammation. Muscle inflammation causes bilateral increases of ASIC2 and ASIC3 but not ASIC1 (neither ASIC1a nor ASIC1b ) mRNA, suggesting differential regulation of ASIC1 versus ASIC2 and ASIC3 mRNA. Similar mRNA increases were observed after inflammation in knockout mice: ASIC2 mRNA increases in ASIC3-/- mice; ASIC2 and ASIC3 mRNAs increase in ASIC1-/- mice. Prior behavioral studies in ASIC3-/- mice showed deficits in secondary hyperalgesia (increased response to noxious stimuli outside the site of injury) but not primary hyperalgesia (increased response to noxious stimuli at the site of injury). In this study, we show that ASIC1-/- mice do not develop primary muscle hyperalgesia but develop secondary paw hyperalgesia. In contrast, and as expected, ASIC3-/- mice develop primary muscle hyperalgesia but do not develop secondary paw hyperalgesia. The pharmacological utility of the nonselective ASIC inhibitor A-317567, given locally, was tested. A-317567 reverses both the primary and the secondary hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan muscle inflammation. Thus, peripherally located ASIC1 and ASIC3 play different roles in the development of hyperalgesia after muscle inflammation. Perspective This study shows changes in ASIC mRNA expression and behavioral hyperalgesia of C57Bl/6 (wild type), ASIC1-/-, and ASIC3-/- mice before and after the induction of muscle inflammation. A-317567 was effective in reversing hyperalgesia in these animals, suggesting the potential of ASICs as therapeutic targets for muscle inflammatory pain.
THERMOMECHANICAL STUDIES OF POLYMER DEFORMATION. II. A THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL IN SINUSOIDAL DEFORMATION.

In this study, a linearly viscoelastic polyurethane film was subjected to continuous, sinusoidal deformation in a new isothermal deformation calorimeter, whose design details were recently reported (1). Internal energy and entropy of the polymer at each state in the deformation cycle were computed from heat rate and work rate data. This was made possible by using linear viscoelasticity theory to predict the irreversible entropy production. Thermal data were corrected for instrument time lag.
A novel decomposition and distributed computing approach for the solution of large scale optimization models

Abstract: Biomass feedstock production is an important component of the biomass based energy sector. Seasonal and distributed collection of low energy density material creates unique challenges, and optimization of the complete value chain is critical for cost-competitiveness. BioFeed is a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem model that has been developed and successfully applied to optimize bioenergy feedstock production system. It integrates the individual farm design and operating decisions with transportation logistics to analyze them as a single system. However, this integration leads to a model that is computationally demanding, leading to large simulation times for simplified case studies. Given these challenges, and in wake of the future model extensions, this work proposes a new computational approach that reduces computational demand, maintains result accuracy, provides modeling flexibility and enables future model enhancements. The new approach, named the Decomposition and Distributed Computing (DDC) approach, first decomposes the model into two separate optimization sub-problems: a production problem, focusing on on-farm activities such as harvesting, and a provision problem, incorporating the post-production activities such as transportation logistics. An iterative scheme based on the concepts from agent based modeling is adapted to solve the production and provision problems iteratively until convergence had been achieved. The computational features of the approach are further enhanced by enabling distributed computing of the individual farm optimization models. Simulation studies comparing the performance of the DDC approach with the rigorous MILP solution approach illustrated an order of magnitude reduction in computational time using the proposed DDC approach. Moreover, the solution obtained using the DDC approach was within +/-5% of the rigorous MILP solution. This approach can be a valuable tool to solve complex supply chain optimization problems in other sectors where similar challenges are encountered.
Effects of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones on regulatory enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and glycogen metabolism in developing fetal rat lung.

Abstract Although glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones are known to act synergistically to stimulate surfactant production, they have opposite effects on other parameters of fetal lung maturation. We recently reported that the developmental increases in de novo fatty acid synthesis and glycogen accumulation in fetal rat lung were accelerated by dexamethasone but prevented by triiodothyronine and that the dexamethasone-induced increases were diminished when the two hormones were administered together. We have now examined the effects of maternal administration of these hormones on activities of enzymes of lung fatty acid synthesis and glycogen metabolism in the rat. There was a developmental increase in fatty-acid synthase activity between 19 and 21 days gestation. This activity was increased by dexamethasone but decreased by triiodothyronine. When the two hormones were administered together the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone was decreased from 56% to 29%. The stimulatory effect on fatty-acid synthase was also observed in fetal lung explants cultured in the presence of dexamethasone. This shows that the effect of the hormone was directly on the fetal lung. Dexamethasone had no effect on liver fatty-acid synthase. There was a developmental decrease in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity but it was not affected by the hormones. These data show that the developmental and hormone-induced changes in fetal lung de novo fatty acid synthesis are mediated by fatty-acid synthase. Although there were developmental changes in fetal lung 6-phosphofruc-tokinase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase activities, these enzymes were not affected by the hormones.
Conventional vs Electric Commercial Vehicle Fleets: A Case Study of Economic and Technological Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Electric Commercial Vehicles in the USA

Abstract Electric commercial delivery trucks have the potential to substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollution and lower per-mile operating and maintenance costs. However, the initial purchase cost of electric vehicles is significantly higher than that of a conventional diesel truck. In addition, electric vehicles have a limited range that may lead to the well known problem commonly known as “range anxiety” due to the lack of nearby recharging stations. From a purely economic perspective, there is a cost tradeoff between low operating and maintenance costs of electric vehicles and their high initial capital costs. In this paper, a deterministic integer programming model is utilized to analyze the competitiveness of commercial electric vehicles. Utilizing realistic assumptions and a wide range of scenarios regarding fleet utilization and fuel efficiency, this research finds breakeven points where electric vehicles become competitive. Results show that under moderate to high utilization levels, the electric vehicles can be competitive.
162. Cytomegalovirus serostatus and antibody response to influenza vaccination in older adults

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated as a factor in immunosenescence, including poor antibody response to influenza vaccination. The present investigation tested this implication in adults aged 60–91 ( N = 98; 70% CMV seropositive) vaccinated for up to 5 years ( n = 325 person-years). Interactions between CMV serostatus and chronological age, another cause of immunosenescence, and use of beta-blockers, a potential protection against latent virus reactivation, were tested. Peak antibody, corrected for baseline, and spring antibody persistence, corrected for peak, were assessed. In multi-level models with years at Level 1 and people at Level 2, there was no main effect of CMV serostatus on peak antibody, but there was a 3-way interaction between CMV serostatus, age, and beta-blockers (interaction: γ = −.14, SE = .06, p γ = − .08, SE=.02, p γ = −.33, SE.14, p γ = .56, SE = .29, p
A Loran-C based receiver for automatic vehicle location

A receiver which uses LORAN-C radionavigation signals to compute relative time delays and hence location is described. The receiver interfaces to a two-way mobile radio and uses the existing RF channel to send its received LORAN-C information to a fixed-end computer for further processing including location calculation and display. User features and mobile radio interface techniques are also discussed.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines via Current-Demodulated Signals

Bearing faults account for a large portion of all faults in wind turbine generators (WTGs). Current-based bearing fault diagnosis techniques have great economic benefits and are potential to be adopted by the wind energy industry. This paper models the modulation effects of bearing faults on the stator currents of a direct-drive wind turbine equipped with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) operating with a variable shaft rotating frequency. Based on the analysis, a method consisting of appropriate current frequency and amplitude demodulation algorithms and a 1P-invariant power spectrum density algorithm is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis of variable-speed direct-drive wind turbines using only one-phase stator current measurements, where 1P frequency stands for the shaft rotating frequency of a wind turbine. Experimental results on a direct-drive wind turbine equipped with a PMSG operating in a wind tunnel are provided to verify the proposed fault diagnosis method. The proposed method is demonstrated to have advantages over the method of directly using stator current measurements for WTG bearing fault diagnosis.
Periodontal pathology associated with asymptomatic third molars.

Purpose: We report the prevalence of periodontal probing depth (PD) as a clinical measure of the extent of periodontitis associated with asymptomatic third molars at the initial examination in a cohort of patients enrolled in an institutional review board–approved longitudinal clinical trial. Patients and Methods: Three hundred twenty-nine healthy patients were enrolled during a 30-month period. Full mouth periodontal probing that included third molars was conducted to determine periodontal status. Panoramic radiographs were taken to assess the degree of eruption of the third molars and the angulation of third molars compared with the adjacent second molar. Vertical bitewing radiographs were analyzed to detect alveolar bone levels relative to the cementoenamel junction on the distal of second molars. Results: Twenty-five percent (82 of 329) of all enrolled patients, and 34% (14 of 41) of black patients, had at least one PD equal to or greater than 5 mm on the distal of a second molar or around a third molar. PD equal to or greater than 5 mm was associated with periodontal attachment loss of at least 1 mm in every patient; PD equal to or greater than 5 mm was associated with attachment loss equal to or greater than 2 mm in 80 of 82 patients. A higher proportion of patients 25 years old or older had a PD equal to or greater than 5 mm on the distal of second molars or around third molars compared with patients younger than 25 years (33% vs 17%, P =.002). The distals of second molars and third molars in the mandible were affected more often than in the maxilla (25% vs 5%, P =.0001). Conclusions: Our data indicating that 25% of patients with retained asymptomatic third molars have considerable periodontal pathology in the third molar region were unexpected. National epidemiologic surveys indicate a much lower rate of periodontitis in the population younger than 35 years. © 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1227-1233, 2002
Risk of spontaneous preterm birth is associated with common proinflammatory cytokine polymorphisms.

Background:Preliminary data suggest that common genetic variation in immune response genes can contribute to the risk for spontaneous preterm birth and possibly small-for-gestational age (SGA).Methods:We investigated the relationship of polymorphisms in 6 cytokine genes associated with inflammation—
Free and Conjugated Estrogens of an Ovarian Cyst adenoma and Granulosa Cell Tumor

A granulosa cell tumor, from a patient with signs of hyperestrinism, was incubated 4 hr in Krebs-Ringer solution. Free steroids, glucuronosides and sulfates were sequentially hydrolyzed with enzymes and extracted. Cyst fluid (200 ml) from a mucinous cystadenoma was similarly treated. Phenols were fractionated initially on alumina columns. Zones on paper chromatograms which paralleled reference estrone and estradiol-17β, and reacted with potassium ferricyanide-ferric chloride, were eluted and the Kober reaction was performed. Gas chromatography further supported the identity of the estrogens and was used for quantitation. The granulosa tumor incubate contained 0.25 and 0.1 μg/g/hr of free estradiol-17β and estrone, respectively. Estrogens were not detected following hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase. The concentration of estrone following hydrolysis with phenol sulfatase was 1.0 μg/g/hr. Estradiol-17β and estriol were not present in the sulfate fraction. Estrogens were not found in the free or glucuronoside ...
Probability Limits for Life Test Data

In this paper a general theory for constructing probability limits for life test data is briefly discussed. It is then applied to a set of life test data to determine which of three specified Weibull distributions give the best fit.
Gram-negative bacterial sepsis and the sepsis syndrome

Gram-negative sepsis syndrome is an increasingly common complication in medical and surgical patients. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this dreaded complication are yielding to investigation. These studies have led to a multiplicity of targets for novel therapies. Despite highly promising results in many animal studies, clinical studies have been disappointing.
Some Respiratory Characteristics of the Blue-Green Alga, Anabaena

In recent years there has been a considerable increase in our knowledge of the respiratory metabolism in higher plants. The lower plants, however, have received little attention. This is particularly true of the blue-green algae where the amount of available information on their respiration is almost negligible. The only known investigation has been that of Emerson (1) who reported that respiration in a species of Oscillatoria was inhibited about 80% by 10~4 M hydrogen cyanide but only 12% by a mixture of 97% carbon monoxide-3% oxygen. The purpose of this investigation has been to determine some of the over-all respiratory characteristics of a blue-green alga, and to compare certain of these characteristics with those generally found in living organisms.
Nonlinear surface waves in magnetohydrodynamics

The magnetohydrodynamic effects on the nonlinear gravity waves and capillary waves on the surface of an infinitely-conducting liquid confined by a vacuum magnetic field aligned with the unperturbed surface are studied. For the nonlinear problem, the method of strained parameters is used to obtain solutions as perturbations about the linear oscillations. The cases with wavenumbers away from the second-harmonic quasi-resonant value and wavenumbers near the latter are treated separately. Several distinctive features associated with magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear surface wave motions are pointed out.
Conformations of Short-Chain Poly(ethylene oxide) Lipopolymers at the Air−Water Interface: A Combined Film Balance and Surface Tension Study

The interfacial behavior of a short-chain poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) lipopolymer, PEO (molecular weight 2000) grafted distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEO2K-DSPE), and its mixtures with distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) have been studied using Langmuir film balance and surface tension methods. Surface pressure−area isotherms for pure PEO2K-DSPE and PEO2K-DSPE/DSPC mixtures (with 2, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mol % of PEO2K-DSPE) revealed two phase transitions. The simple additivity in the molecular area of lipid mixtures with increasing incorporation of PEO lipopolymer below the low-pressure transition indicates the existence of a two-dimensional thin layer of PEO and lipid. The low-pressure transition is interpreted as desorption of surface-adsorbed PEO molecules into the aqueous subphase. Correlation of film balance experiments with PEO lipopolymer and surface tension experiments with PEO aqueous solutions suggests dehydration of the PEO in the lipopolymer film by expulsion of PEO-associated water molecules...
Subcritical crack growth law and its consequences for lifetime statistics and size effect of quasibrittle structures

For brittle failures, the probability distribution of structural strength and lifetime are known to be Weibullian, in which case the knowledge of the mean and standard deviation suffices to determine the loading or time corresponding to a tolerable failure probability such as 10?6. Unfortunately, this is not so for quasibrittle structures, characterized by material inhomogeneities that are not negligible compared with the structure size (as is typical, e.g. for concrete, fibre composites, tough ceramics, rocks and sea ice). For such structures, the distribution of structural strength was shown to vary from almost Gaussian to Weibullian as a function of structure size (and also shape). Here we predict the size dependence of the distribution type for the lifetime of quasibrittle structures. To derive the lifetime statistics from the strength statistics, the subcritical crack growth law is requisite. This empirical law is shown to be justified by fracture mechanics of random crack jumps in the atomic lattice and the condition of equality of the energy dissipation rates calculated on the nano-scale and the macro-scale. The size effect on the lifetime is found to be much stronger than that on the structural strength. The theory is shown to match the experimentally observed systematic deviations of lifetime histograms from the Weibull distribution.
Influence of plasticizers on the adhesive properties of an acrylic resin copolymer to hydrophilic and hydrophobic tablet compacts

The influence of plasticizers in film coating formulations on the adhesive properties of an acrylic resin copolymer was determined using the butt adhesion technique. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic plasticizing agents were incorporated into aqueous dispersions of Eudragit® L 30 D-55 and coated onto hydrophilic and hydrophobic tablet compacts. Using data obtained from a Chatillon digital force gauge attached to a motorized test stand, force-deflection profiles, similar to stress-strain curves generated in the tensile testing of free films, were constructed and the force of adhesion, elongation at adhesive failure, and adhesive toughness were determined. Plasticizer concentration and plasticizer type were found to influence the adhesive properties of the acrylic polymer. An increase in adhesive toughness was found when the concentration of triethyl citrate (TEC) in the coating formulation was increased from 20 to 30%, which was attributed to an increase in the elasticity of the film and a decrease in the internal stresses within the polymer. Films containing water soluble plasticizers were found to adhere more strongly to the tablet compacts than the water insoluble agents, due to more effective disruption of the intermolecular attractions between the polymer chains. Adhesion of the polymer to tablet compacts was found to be significantly influenced by the hydrophobicity of the tablet surface when the water soluble plasticizers were incorporated into the film coating, whereas no significant differences in the adhesive properties were found when the polymer was plasticized with water insoluble agents. Aging of the film-coated tablets resulted in a decrease in adhesive toughness, irrespective of the environmental storage condition.
Benefits of synthetic lubricants in industrial applications

Synthetic lubricants were originally developed and used for applications where petroleum products were inadequate (e.g., at extremely high and low temperatures, under extreme wear conditions) or where special characteristics, such as long life, improved equipment efficiency, or non-flammability, were needed. However, the use of synthetic lubricants is not restricted to special applications, but is also useful when they can provide cost efficiency in areas such as machine reliability, oil life, energy consumption, biodegradability, and safety. Among many successful applications, typical cases where synthetic fluids have clear advantages over conventional lubricants include: high-temperature lubricants for plastic calenders (significant lengthening of oil-change intervals, fewer machine shutdowns): worm gear drives under severe service conditions (increase in efficiency, lower operating temperatures); air compressors (elimination of combustible petroleum residues); hydraulic fluid in fire-resistant applications (mining equipment, pressure casting machines, steam turbine control systems); and high-speed greased bearings (reduced friction losses). The benefits of synthetic lubricant base stocks are derived not only from their basic molecular structures but also from the absence of harmful molecular species often unavoidably present in conventional mineral oils in small, but significant, concentrations. There are very many compounds in crude oil, and while many, or most, of the harmful ones are removed or upgraded by refining, depending on the methods used, a significant number will inevitably remain in lubricating oil stocks, whether solvent- or hydrotreated. Thus, conventional oils comprise a wide variety of molecular species, many of which are not well characterised. In contrast, synthetic products normally are produced by chemical reactions of very pure, small molecules in which pressure, tempesutuse, und the ratio of reactants cun he curefully controlled. Frequently, the synthesis o j the reaction up to the desised end product includes severul steps, each of which necessitutes a pusifcution of the intermediute psoducts. It is this resulting ji-eedom jhom undesisuhle compounds that gives synthetic lubricants their distinctiiie characteristics. It also contrihutes to their higher cost, compased to mineral oils, the oiserall cost of u synthetic product being the sum of the costs of the raw materials und the costs of the individual reuction steps. It is estimuted thut approximutely 80% of the worldwide synthetic luhsicants market is repsesented by three generic groups: polyulphaolejins (∼45%), organic esteia (∼25%), and polyglycols (∼10%). Of the remaining synthetic luhricunts, phosphate esters and polyhirtenes make up probably the largest sules volumes, with about S% each in total. This paper. provides an overview of the types, characteristics, uses, und udwrztages of synthetic lubricants, based on these major technology categories.
START: Overcoming Remaining Challenges

During the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and VladimirPutin, the governments of Russia and the United States could not agreeon how to codify their balance of strategic offensive nuclear forces after the existing Strategic Arms Reductions Treaty (START) expired onDecember 5, 2009.1 The United States and Russia are currently engagedin negotiations to replace START with a new treaty before the end of this year. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol2/iss3/3 25 START: Overcoming Remaining Challenges By Elizabeth Zolotukhina
The effect of halide ions on the condensation of adenine at the mercury-water interface

Abstract The interface between mercury and concentrated aqueous solutions of adenine exhibits a well-studied capacitance pit, A. In the presence of I − , Br − or Cl − , a second pit region, B, can be observed at more positive potentials. In the presence of Br − anions, the formation of this second capacitance pit is relatively slow, and can be interrupted by switching the potential from region B to region A, in which case the as yet unused fraction of the mercury surface will be covered by an adenine film of type A, coexisting with the earlier-formed film B. Thus it is possible to prepare surfaces fully covered by a controlled mixture of two different condensed phases. This coexistence is metastable because, on a much longer timescale, film B will dissolve at potentials in region A. We also report on some capacitance oscillations at the negative limit of the adenine pit, A, at low temperatures and/or high adenine concentrations.
Beam enrichment of diffuse radiation in a deciduous forest

Abstract By applying a model developed by Reifsnyder et al. (1971) to solar radiation data collected in and above an East Tennessee deciduous forest, solar radiation budgets are approximated for three forest levels within the winter leafless, spring leafless, summer fully leafed and autumnal fully leafed forest phenoseasons. Beam radiation dominates these budgets throughout the year and varies directly with solar elevations. Although beam radiation penetration is severely reduced in the fully leafed forest, this component still accounts for over one-half the total radiation received within the forest in early autumn, the phenoseason of minimal beam penetration. Beam enrichment of diffuse radiation within the forest is also highly dependent upon solar elevation and canopy biomass density. Maximum beam enrichment occurs in summer with the high solar elevation of that season and a fully leafed canopy. Minimum enrichment occurs in the leafless winter forest when solar elevations are lowest and canopy biomass density is minimal. The penetration of diffuse sky radiation is maximal in the leafless forest and minimal in the fully leafed forest but, because of limitations of the model used in this approximation, this quantity appears insensitive to changes in solar elevations. This limitation is a defect of the model but it should not substantially alter the indicated results.
An examination of participants who develop an eating disorder despite completing an eating disorder prevention program: implications for improving the yield of prevention efforts.

Numerous trials provide support for the Body Project, an eating disorder prevention program wherein young women with body image concerns critique the thin ideal. Despite medium to large effects, some participants subsequently develop an eating disorder, suggesting that intervention or recruitment procedures could be improved. This study investigated baseline and acute intervention predictors of DSM-5 eating disorder development during a 3-year follow-up among Body Project participants. Combined data from two trials compare participants who experienced eating disorder onset during follow-up (n = 20) to those who did not (n = 216). Participants who did versus did not develop an eating disorder started the intervention with higher eating disorder symptoms (η 2 = 0.08), negative affect (η 2 = 0.06), thin-ideal internalization (η 2 = 0.02), and body dissatisfaction (η 2 = 0.02); the same baseline predictors of eating disorder onset emerged in controls. Attenuated pre–post reductions in eating disorder symptoms (η 2 = 0.01) predicted eating disorder onset but not after controlling for baseline levels. Given that Body Project and control participants who later developed an eating disorder started with initial elevations in risk factors and eating disorder symptoms, it might be useful to develop a more intensive variant of this program for those exhibiting greater risk at baseline and to deliver the prevention program earlier to prevent initial escalation of risk. The fact that nonresponders also showed greater negative affect and eating disorder symptoms suggests that it might be useful to add activities to improve affect and increase dissonance about disordered eating.