cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of Single Comb White Leghorn Hens Subjected to 4 or 10-Day Feed Withdrawal Force Rest Procedures

Abstract When resting commercial laying hens, a system of minimum length that yields an acceptable increase in egg shell quality as soon as possible after force resting is desirable. In each of three experiments, a treatment that utilized a 4-day feed withdrawal period was compared with a control or an acceptable conventional method. Feed was withdrawn for 96 hr after which the birds were returned to the diets being consumed before the rest period was initiated. Other management practices, such as providing water ad libitum and the use of lights, were continued without interruption. Egg specific gravities for birds subjected to the 4-day rest were significantly improved over those recorded for eggs laid by control hens and were comparable to those obtained from a conventional (10-day feed withdrawal) rest procedure. Short rest birds returned to production much sooner than birds rested by the 10-day feed withdrawal and 25-day recovery procedure. Those hens subjected to the short rest procedure had egg production and egg weights comparable to those obtained or anticipated from other resting methods and values generally superior to those obtained with the control (no rest) treatment.
Introduction to the special issue "The roles of experience in a priori knowledge"

According to the influential Kantian tradition, the distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori is drawn by looking at different roles experience plays or does not play in determining the epistemic status of justified belief. Kant himself introduces his distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori as a distinction between two kinds of judgments—that is, two kinds of essentially propositional cognitions—in the opening paragraph of the Critique of Pure Reason
The classical roots of radical individualism

While the classical Greco-Roman tradition is not ordinarily thought of as associated with radical individualism, many of the central concerns of such radical individualists as Frederic Bastiat, Herbert Spencer, Benjamin Tucker, Ludwig von Mises, F. A. Hayek, and Ayn Rand—including their views on human sociality, spontaneous order, and the relation between self-interest and non-instrumental concern for others—are shown to be inheritances from and developments of Platonic, Aristotelian, Epicurean, and Stoic ideas. Hence those working in the classical tradition have reason to explore the radical individualist tradition and vice versa.
Minimal structural and glycosylation requirements for ST6Gal I activity and trafficking

The influence of N-linked glycosylation on the activity and trafficking of membrane associated and soluble forms of the STtyr isoform of the ST6Gal I has been evaluated. We have demonstrated that the enzyme is glycosylated on Asn 146 and Asn 158 and that glycosylation is not required for the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of the membrane-associated form of the STtyr isoform. In addition, N-linked glycosylation may stabilize the protein but is not absolutely required for catalytic activity in vivo. In contrast, soluble forms of the protein consisting of amino acids 64-403, 89-403, and 97-403 are efficiently secreted and active in their fully glycosylated forms, but retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and inactive in their unglycosylated forms. These results suggest that membrane associated and soluble forms of the STtyr protein have different requirements for N-linked glycosylation. Elimination of the oligosaccharide attached to Asn 158 in the full length STtyr single and double glycosylation mutants generates proteins that are not cleaved and secreted but stably localized in the Golgi, like the STcys isoform of the ST6Gal I. This stable Golgi localization is correlated with the observation that these two mutants are active in in vivo assays but inactive in in vitro assays of membrane lysates. We predict that removal of N-linked oligosaccharides leads to an increased ability of the STtyr protein to self-associate or oligomerize which subsequently allows more stable retention in the Golgi and increased aggregation and inactivity when membranes are lysed in the in vitro activity assays.
Sclerosants: A Comparative Review

BACKGROUND Sclerotherapy is popular for the treatment of lower extremity telangiectasias and varicose and reticular veins. Although a large number of sclerosants are commonly employed, there are few data that directly compare their advantages and drawbacks. OBJECTIVES To analyze and present the differences between sclerosants that make them more or less suitable agents in specific clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systemic review of published medical literature that compares and contrasts different classes of sclerosants is presented. RESULTS There is no perfect sclerosant that is complication free and 100% effective. The ability to match the sclerosant to the clinical problem being approached makes the availability of more Food and Drug Administration-approved sclerosants appealing. CONCLUSION Modern sclerosants that have been subjected to rigorous experimental and clinical trials will provide even more efficacious and safer patient treatments.
Legal preparedness for obesity prevention and control. Foreword.

common theme throughout the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century is the importance of law. From the seminal successes in immunizations and motor vehicle safety to the recognition and control of tobacco as a health hazard, laws have been invaluable. More recently in this century, laws have been fundamental in public health preparedness to address environmental disasters and terrorist threats. In fact, the first National Summit on Legal Preparedness in 2007 focused on these “urgent threats.” It only seemed natural that the second summit would focus on the “urgent realities” posed by the continuing epidemic of obesity — an epidemic that directly attacks our children’s health and drains our nation’s wealth. Recognized worldwide as an energy imbalance resulting from excess caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure, obesity contributes to diabetes, heart disease, other multiple chronic diseases, impaired quality of life, and premature mortality. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1 show that more than one-third of U.S. adults, including 33% of men and 35% of women, were obese in 2005-2006. The NHANES data also show that 16.3% of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years were obese in the combined years of 2003-2006. A series of state maps derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2 demonstrates graphically the rapid increase in obesity on a state by state basis between 1985 and 2007. Obesity is also costly. One recent estimate sug
A collection of breast cancer cell lines for the study of functionally distinct cancer subtypes

Summary Recent studies suggest that thousands of genes may contribute to breast cancer pathophysiologies when deregulated by genomic or epigenomic events. Here, we describe a model ‘‘system’’ to appraise the functional contributions of these genes to breast cancer subsets. In general, the recurrent genomic and transcriptional characteristics of 51 breast cancer cell lines mirror those of 145 primary breast tumors, although some significant differences are documented. The cell lines that comprise the system also exhibit the substantial genomic, transcriptional, and biological heterogeneity found in primary tumors. We show, using Trastuzumab (Herceptin) monotherapy as an example, that the system can be used to identify molecular features that predict or indicate response to targeted therapies or other physiological perturbations.
Identification of three human renin mRNA isoforms from alternative tissue-specific transcriptional initiation.

Sinn, Patrick L., and Curt D. Sigmund. Identification of three human renin mRNA isoforms from alternative tissue-specific transcriptional initiation. Physiol Genomics 3: 25–31, 2000.—We have report...
A Model for the Ordering and Distribution of the Influenza Vaccine

The system for the production and distribution of the United States supply of influenza vaccine has experienced disruptions during past influenza seasons. The identification of elements of the influenza vaccine is different each year and must be researched and identified each year prior to the influenza season. The manufacturing of the vaccine is a complicated process with many potential problems. This paper identifies two different policies for use in a normal influenza season to determine how many companies are required to provide a sufficient amount of influenza vaccine, the percentage distribution policy and the strict priority distribution policy. The majority of the influenza seasons could be covered by purchasing fewer than 108 million doses, as in the percentage distribution policy, making sure that the vaccine dose orders are spread out evenly over four companies and distributed evenly by age group percentage, but could be reduced to as little as 24.5 million total vaccine doses during a shortage caused by production problems with minimal cost and loss of life using a strict priority distribution policy.
Mutual relevance feedback for multimodal query formulation in video retrieval

Video indexing and retrieval systems allow users to find relevant video segments for a given information need. A multimodal video index may include speech indices, a text-from-screen (OCR) index, semantic visual concepts, content-based image features, audio features and more. Formulating an efficient multimodal query for a given information need is much less intuitive and more challenging for the user than of composing a text query in document search. This paper describes a video retrieval system that uses mutual relevance feedback for multimodal query formulation. Through an iterative search and browse session, the user provides relevance feedback on system's output and the system provides the user a mutual feedback which leads to better query and better retrieval results. Official evaluation at the NIST TRECVID 2004 Search Task is provided for both Manual and Interactive search. It is shown that in the Manual task the queries result from the mutual feedback on the training data significantly improve the retrieval performances. A further improvement over the manual search is achieved in the interactive task by using both browsing and mutual feedback on the test set.
Teaching Video NeuroImages: How to unmask respiratory strength confounded by facial diplegia

A 67-year-old man presented with progressive diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and gait imbalance. Neurologic examination revealed ophthalmoplegia, facial diplegia, and areflexia without signs of respiratory failure. CSF showed albuminocytologic dissociation, consistent with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Initial spirometry yielded low values that were rectified by improved seal with facemask attachment (figure, table, video on the Neurology ® Web site at [Neurology.org][1]). [1]: http://Neurology.org
Opioid growth factor-opioid growth factor receptor axis is a physiological determinant of cell proliferation in diverse human cancers

The opioid growth factor (OGF) regulates cell proliferation of human cancer cells through the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory pathway, with mediation of this action by the OGF receptor (OGFr). The ubiquity of the OGF-OGFr axis in human cancer is unknown. We used 31 human cancer cell lines, representative of more than 90% of neoplasias occurring in humans, and found that OGF and OGFr were detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus by immunohistochemistry. The addition of OGF to cultures depressed cell number up to 41%, whereas naltrexone (NTX) increased cell proliferation by up to 44%, a total of 85% in the modulating capacity for the OGF-OGFr axis. Neutralization of OGF by specific antibodies led to a marked increase in cell number. Knockdown of OGFr by OGFr-siRNA resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells, even in the face of the addition of exogenous OGF. The cultures to which NTX was added and subjected to OGFr-siRNA were similar to those with OGF-siRNA alone. The OGF-OGFr axis, a physiological determinant of cell-proliferative activity, is a ubiquitous feature of human cancer cells. The identification of this native biological system in neoplasia may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of neoplasia, and in designing treatment modalities that utilize the body's own chemistry.
The molecular biology of coronaviruses

Publisher Summary Coronaviruses have recently emerged as an important group of animal and human pathogens that share a distinctive replicative cycle. Some of the unique characteristics in the replication of coronaviruses include generation of a 3' coterminal-nested set of five or six subgenomic mRNAs, each of which appears to direct the synthesis of one protein. Two virus-specific RNA polymerase activities have been identified. Many of the distinctive features of coronavirus infection and coronavirus-induced diseases may result from the properties of the two coronavirus glycoproteins. The intracellular budding site, which may be important in the establishment and maintenance of persistent infections, appears to be due to the restricted intracytoplasmic migration of the E1 glycoprotein, which acts as a matrix-like transmembrane glycoprotein. E1 also exhibits distinctive behavior by self-aggregating on heating at 100°C in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and by its interaction with RNA in the viral nucleocapsid. The E1 of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is an O-linked glycoprotein, unlike most other viral glycoproteins. Thus, the coronavirus system may be a useful model for the study of synthesis, glycosylation, and transport of O-linked cellular glycoproteins.
Multi-concept learning with large-scale multimedia lexicons

Multi-concept learning is an important problem in multimedia content analysis and retrieval. It connects two key components in the multimedia semantic ecosystem: multimedia lexicon and semantic concept detection. This paper aims to answer two questions related to multi-concept learning: does a large-scale lexicon help concept detection? how many concepts are enough? Our study on a large- scale lexicon shows that more concepts indeed help improve detection performance. The gain is statistically significant with more than 40 concepts and saturates at over 200. We also compared a few different modeling choices for multi-concept detection: generative models such as Naive Bayes performs robustly across lexicon choices and sizes, discriminative models such as logistic regression and SVM performs comparably on specially selected concept sets, yet tend to over-fit on large lexicons.
A satellite interference location system using differential time and phase measurement techniques

A description is given of the design and development of a system for inferring the position of terrestrial satellite uplink stations using existing domestic satellites with minimal disruption to normal satellite operation. Two methods are presented by which a quantity measured at a terrestrial receiving site is mapped into a curve of possible uplink locations on the Earth's surface. One method involves measuring differential time delays of a single uplink signal observed through two adjacent spacecraft. Another method uses a short baseline interferometer composed of the two cross-polarized and spatially separated antenna feeds aboard an affected satellite. A unique location is obtained by employing an appropriate combination of the two presented methods. A system for measurement of the required differential delays and phases is described in addition to experimental work performed to demonstrate the feasibility of these location methods. >
Retail Competition in Chile

variations and finance charges for durable goods among merchants in Santiago, Chile. Comparisons were based on the size of retail outlet and the type of retailer. Dealers in refrigerators and automobiles were selected for the sample, with the idea of gaining insight into retail competition. Chile has a population of about eight million people, with approximately half of them living in and near Santiago, the capital. Per capita income in Chile is relatively low (U.S. $400-450), compared with the United States and some European countries, but is one of the highest in South America, However, the income is so unevenly distributed that a high percentage of the population is never in the market for new consumer durables.
Abstract 3579: Mechanistic roles of cytochrome P4501A1 and 1A2 in lung carcinogenesis mediated by polycyclyc aromatic hydrocarbons: Implications for lung cancer in humans .

Humans are frequently exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes play important roles in the activation of PAHs such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) to DNA-binding metabolites, which in turn mediate carcinogenesis in target organs such as lung, breast, and skin. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CYP1A1 and 1A2 play mechanistic roles in PAH-mediated carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Eight week-old female wild type (WT) (A/J) mice or mice lacking the gene for CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 on the A/J background were treated with a single dose of MC (40 μmol/kg), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), or vehicle (corn oil), and liver and lung tumors were studied after 28 weeks. While 100% of WT or Cyp1a2-null mice exposed to MC showed lung tumors after 28 weeks, about 80% of the Cyp1a1-null mice showed lung tumors. However, there were striking differences in the Cyp1a1-null and Cyp1a2-null mice in regard to lung tumor multiplicities. The WT mice treated with MC had about 15 lung tumors/animal. On the other hand, the Cyp1a2-null mice displayed about 40 lung tumors/animal, while the Cyp1a1-null mice showed about 2-3 tumors/mouse. Although BP was less potent in inducing lung tumors in the WT mice compared to MC, it was similar to MC In that tumors were suppressed in the Cyp1a1-null mice and augmented in the Cyp1a2-null mice. DNA adduct studies at early time points showed increased MC or BP adducts in lungs of Cyp1a2-null mice compared to WT mice, and decreased adduct formation in the Cyp1a1-null mice, supporting the hypothesis that DNA adducts are early biomarkers of PAH-mediated carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical studies showed that CYP1A1 was overexpressed in the tumorous portions of the lung in the Cyp1a2-null or WT mice, compared to non-tumorous regions. These results suggest that CYP1A1 contributes to the formation of tumorigenesis by PAHs, while CYP1A2 protects against carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, presumably through it role in PAH detoxification. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that CYP1A1 and 1A2 could be novel candidates for cancer prevention and therapy though either inhibition of CYP1A1 or induction of CYP1A2. (Supported by NIH grant ES009132.) Citation Format: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Guodong Zhou, Lihua Wang, Weiwu Jiang. Mechanistic roles of cytochrome P4501A1 and 1A2 in lung carcinogenesis mediated by polycyclyc aromatic hydrocarbons: Implications for lung cancer in humans . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3579. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3579
Paramagnetic Intermediates Generated by Radical S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Enzymes

ConspectusA [4Fe–4S]+ cluster reduces a bound S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) molecule, cleaving it into methionine and a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5′-dA•). This step initiates the varied chemistry catalyzed by each of the so-called radical SAM enzymes. The strongly oxidizing 5′-dA• is quenched by abstracting a H-atom from a target species. In some cases, this species is an exogenous molecule of substrate, for example, l-tyrosine in the [FeFe] hydrogenase maturase, HydG. In other cases, the target is a proteinaceous residue as in all the glycyl radical forming enzymes. The generation of this initial radical species and the subsequent chemistry involving downstream radical intermediates is meticulously controlled by the enzyme so as to prevent unwanted reactions. But the manner in which this control is exerted is unknown. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool used to gain insight into these mechanisms.In this Account, we summarize efforts to trap such radical interm...
Drug resistance of intestinal pathogens in Urumqi area and identification of phenotypes of drug resistant genes

OBJECTIVE To understand the drug resistance phenotypes and genotypes of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from Urumqi area of Xinjiang so as to provide evidence for the clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria infections.METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration of the tested antibiotics against the isolated bacteria was determined with K-B method,and PCR was used to detect the extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes CTX,SHV,TEM,DHA,carbapenems-resistant genes NDM-1,KPC,quinolones-resistant genes qnrA,qnrB,qnrS,qepA,and aac(6′)-Ib type aminoglycoside modified enzyme genes.The amplified products were sequenced and compared with the United States GenBank.RESULTS Totally 53 strains of intestinal bacteria were multidrug-resisant,the drug resistance rate to ampicillin was 100.00%,the drug resistance rates to carbapenems like imipenem and meropenem were higher than 30.00%.The drug resistant isolates carried multiple drug resistance genes,some of which carried the metal lactamases-tolerant phenotype of gene,and NDM-1 genotype was detected for the first time in Urumai Xinjiang,whose sequence was completely consistent with the isolates from other areas in the world.CONCLUSION The multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from Urumqi area carry a variety of drug resistant genes,NDM-1 has emerged in the area,which the health departments should pay high attention to.
Reduced Overhead Gate Level Logic Encryption

Untrusted third-parties are found throughout the integrated circuit (IC) design flow resulting in potential threats in IC reliability and security. Threats include IC counterfeiting, intellectual property (IP) theft, IC overproduction, and the insertion of hardware Trojans. Logic encryption has emerged as a method of enhancing security against such threats, however, current implementations of logic encryption, including the XOR or look-up table (LUT) techniques, have high per-gate overheads in area, performance, and power. A novel gate level logic encryption technique with reduced per-gate overheads is described in this paper. In addition, a technique to expand the search space of a key sequence is provided, increasing the difficulty for an adversary to extract the key value. A power reduction of 41.50%, an estimated area reduction of 43.58%, and a performance increase of 34.54% is achieved when using the proposed gate level logic encryption instead of the LUT based technique for an encrypted AND gate.
Response of Swelling Behavior of Weak Branched Poly(ethylene imine)/Poly(acrylic acid) Polyelectrolyte Multilayers to Thermal Treatment

Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) prepared by the layer-by-layer technique have attracted a great deal of attention as smart responsive materials for biological and other applications in aqueous medium, but their dynamic behavior as a function of exposure to a wide temperature range is still not well understood. In this work, the thermally dependent swelling behavior of PEMs consisting of branched poly(ethylenimine) and poly(acrylic acid) is studied by temperature controlled in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Because of diffusion and interpenetration of polyelectrolytes during film deposition, the PEMs densify with increasing bilayer number, which further affects their water uptake behavior. Upon heating to temperatures below 60 °C, the worsened solvent quality of the PEM in water causes deswelling of the PEMs. However, once heated above this critical temperature, the hydrogen bonds within the PEMs are weakened, which allows for chain rearrangement within the film upon cooling, resulting in enhance...
Style and Substance: The Broken Heart

When Cariola tells the Duchess of Malfi that she resembles her ‘picture in the gallery’, we are distanced from the dramatic action, invited to view the moment as part of a tableau of grief. But this brief respite of emotional numbness is also an important phase in the progress of the Duchess as she moves towards an integration of personality and theatre. Ford’s The Broken Heart (c. 1630) offers a more radical breaking of the illusion at a climactic moment in Act V. Bassanes, watching Orgilus bleed to death, says admiringly: This pastime Appears majestical. Some high-tuned poem Hereafter shall deliver to posterity The writer’s glory and his subject’s triumph. (V. ii. 131–4)1
Detrital record of initial basement exhumation along the Laramide deformation front, southern Rocky Mountains

New geochronological constraints on upper crustal exhumation in the southern Rocky Mountains help delineate the latest Cretaceous–Paleogene history of drainage reorganization and landscape evolution during Laramide flat-slab subduction beneath western North America. Detrital zircon U-Pb data from the Raton basin of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico define the inception of coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentation and a distinctive shift in provenance, from distal to proximal sources, that recorded shortening-related uplift and unroofing along the Laramide deformation front of the northern Sangre de Cristo mountains. This Maastrichtian–early Paleocene (~70-65 Ma) change—from distal foreland accumulation of siliciclastic sediment derived from the thin-skinned Cordilleran (Sevier) fold-thrust belt to deposition of coarse-grained sediment proximal to a Laramide basement block uplift—reflects eastward deformation advance and reorganization of drainage systems that supplied large-volume Paleocene–lower Eocene deposits to the Gulf of Mexico. The timing of unroofing along the eastern deformation front is synchronous with basement-involved deformation across the interior of the Laramide province, suggesting abrupt wholesale uplift rather than a systematic inboard advance of deformation. The growth and infilling of broken foreland basins within the Laramide interior and at its margins had a major impact on continental-scale drainage systems, as the ponded/axial Laramide basins trapped large volumes of sediment and reorganized major source-to-sink sediment pathways.
The State of Serials and E-Resource Education: An Interview with Professor Sarah Sutton

In this column of Serial Conversations, Kate Hill interviews Sarah Sutton, assistant professor of Library and Information Management at Emporia State University and a main developer of the NASIG core competencies. In this interview, Sutton discusses her previous research concerning electronic resource and serials education, how she views the current state of education, and what the future might hold. She also discusses her views on the role of Master of Library Science (MLS) education versus continuing education and her role in developing the NASIG core competencies.
A genetic approach to mapping the p53 binding site in the MDM2 protein.

The MDM2 oncoprotein binds to the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibits its anti-oncogenic functions. To determine the amino acids of MDM2 that are critical for binding to p53, a modified two-hybrid screen was performed in yeast. Site-directed mutagenesis was then performed to identify MDM2 residues important for p53 interaction. Mutant MDM2 proteins were subsequently tested for their ability to bind to p53 in vitro and for their ability to regulate p53-mediated transcription in vivo. The yeast genetic screen yielded two Mdm2 mutations (G58D and C77Y) which disrupted binding to p53 in vitro without altering the conformation of MDM2 as determined with conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibodies. Site-directed mutagenesis yielded mutations of two additional amino acids of MDM2 (D68 and V75) that prevented binding to p53 in vitro. The mutant MDM2 proteins were unable to inhibit p53-dependent transcription in vivo, which is consistent with prior indications that a physical interaction between the two proteins is required for MDM2’s inhibition of p53. Finally, the crystal structure of the MDM2-p53 complex shows that two of the four critical residues identified here contact p53 directly, while the remaining two residues play important structural roles in the MDM2 domain. MDM2 residues G58, D68, V75, and C77 are critical for MDM2’s interaction with the p53 protein. Mutation of these residues to alanine prevents MDM2’s interaction with p53 in vitro, and MDM2’s regulation of p53’s transcriptional activity in vivo.
Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse Resulting in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Requiring Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Abstract Background Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are recreational designer drugs intended to mimic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol while surreptitiously circumventing classification by the Drug Enforcement Administration. Case Report A 50-year-old black male arrived in the Emergency Department transported by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for altered mental status after complaining of chest pain associated with smoking SCs. EMS found the patient with an empty foil pack labeled “Scooby Snax Limited Edition Blueberry Potpourri.” The patient was somnolent, but became agitated when stimulated and complained of chest pain. Vital signs were blood pressure 87/52 mm Hg and pulse 52 beats/min. The electrocardiogram demonstrated an inferior wall myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography identified an occluded obtuse marginal second branch that was successfully opened with a drug-eluting stent. The patient recovered uneventfully. Urine drug screen was negative for cocaine, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry testing of the smoked material identified PB-22 and AMB-FUBINACA as the active ingredients. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians and cardiologists need to be aware that the mechanism of action of synthetic cannabinoids on the endocannabinoid system may result in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction requiring percutaneous coronary intervention.
Supply chains for 3D IC integration manufacturing

The supply chains for 3D IC integration manufacturing are studied in this investigation. Emphasis is placed on the ownerships of the technology supply chains such as the FEOL (front-end-of-line), MOL (middle-of-the-line), BEOL (back-end-of-line), TSV (through-silicon via), MEOL (middle-end-of-line), and package assembly and test. Some recommendations will be provided.
Optimal treatment strategies in myeloma: An argument against maintenance therapy after autologous stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Despite continuing advancements in novel therapeutics for multiple myeloma (MM), high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue continues to represent the standard approach to treat transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed patients. As the disease remains essentially incurable, and median progression-free survival (PFS) times after autologous transplant are measured in years and not decades, attempts to improve outcomes in the post-transplant setting have been extensive and commonly focused on a “maintenance” approach. Although multiple trials have demonstrated PFS advantages for a variety of maintenance strategies, it is our position that the potential risks outweigh the benefits of this approach and this should not be the standard of care outside of clinical trials.
The role of combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab chemoimmunotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: current evidence and controversies:

Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) has become a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) has emerged as the standard of care for therapy of previously untreated patients with CLL who are younger than 65 years and have no significant comorbidities. In this article, we review the role of FCR in the current treatment paradigm for CLL.
B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Presenting as Fifth and Seventh Cranial Nerves Palsy. Case Report (P07.008)

OBJECTIVE: To report a V and VII cranial nerves palsy as initial presentation of B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-LBL). BACKGROUND: B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (B-LBL) typically presents with symptoms related to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is not uncommon during the course of this disease, it can be accompanied by cranial neuropathies or other neurological symptoms, predominantly meningeal, related to increased intracranial pressure, but it is considered rare as initial presentation. DESIGN/METHODS: A 27-year-old, previously healthy woman had a 7-week history of right-sided facial weakness and paresthesia. Initially, she was evaluated at an outside facility for right facial tingling and numbness involving the lower lip, difficulty in closing her right eye and right facial droop. She was diagnosed with Bell9s palsy, and treated with acyclovir and oral prednisone without clinical improvement. Five weeks later, she was referred to MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) for further evaluation of her symptoms and leukocytosis. RESULTS: A bone marrow biopsy showed B-LBL. Several cerebrospinal fluid samples were negative for neoplastic cells. Brain MRI demonstrated enhancement of the right cranial nerve VII and VIII complex, extra-axial nodular enhancement in the right middle cranial fossa, and lymphomatous infiltration in the right angle of mandible. The patient was treated with high dose intravenous steroids, systemic chemotherapy with PEG-asparaginase, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine; intrathecal methotrexate twice weekly and a single course of intrathecal cytarabine. Ten days later, she was discharged with slight improvement of her right facial palsy, remaining on systemic chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported case that we know of B-LBL presenting with multiple cranial neuropathies. This presentation illustrates the importance in differentiating between Bell9s palsy and multiple cranial neuropathies, which may indicate an alternative diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Garciarena has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamiya Matsuoka has nothing to disclose. Dr. Amin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tremont has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Groot has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech, Inc., VBL Therapeutics, and Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. De Groot has received research support from Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, and EMD Serono.
Reasoning about exceptions during plan execution monitoring

In a cooperative problem-solving environment, such as an office, a hierarchical planner can be incorporated into an intelligent interface to accomplish tasks. During plan execution monitoring, user actions may be inconsistent with system expectations. In this paper, we present an approach towards reasoning about these exceptions in an attempt to accommodate them into an evolving plan. We propose a representation for plans and domain objects that facilitates reasoning about exceptions.
Counteraction and Transformation

Chapter 5 continues the exploration of supplementary school purposes, covering the themes of counteraction and transformation. The notion of ‘Counteraction’ here constitutes the deliberate efforts of schools to resist and replace negative discourses that threaten the community identity and to thereby defend community boundaries. The chapter in fact begins by highlighting some of these common discourses that taint public opinion of marginalised groups, focusing particularly on refugees, asylum seekers, the African-Caribbean community, the Muslim community and the Irish community. Alongside counteraction, some schools also extended their efforts to incorporate transformation measures geared towards shifting of community social standing. This chapter, in particular, foregrounds the powerful forms of agency exercised by schools as they respond to high-level discourses pertaining to the community identity through the counteractive third-order positioning of community members.
Liver transplant for hepatocellular cancer: very small tumors, very large tumors, and waiting time.

The role of liver transplant for treatment of early hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is no longer contested. However, its benefit relative to other therapies for patients with very early (<2 cm) HCC is still a matter of debate. Twenty years after the establishment of the Milan criteria, we are beginning to realize that the number and size of tumors may not be the best metric by which to prognosticate outcomes and allocate organs. A better assessment of tumor aggressiveness is clearly needed.
Phenotypic Evolution in Prehistoric Ohio Amerindians: Natural Selection versus Random Genetic Drift in Tooth Size Reduction

Many anthropologic investigations involve measurement and analysis of polygenic skeletal and dental traits in prehistoric populations from which genetic details cannot be inferred. However, population genetics concepts can be applied productively to analyses of phenotypic variation in prehistoric human populations. One potentially useful approach, derived from basic quantitative genetics (Lande 1976, p. 314), models the effects of natural selection and random genetic drift on the evolution of the average phenotype in a population. We apply this model to the problem of dental size reduction in three prehistoric Amerindian populations from Ohio. Conversion of mean log-transformed buccolingual diameters for six permanent teeth (maxillary and mandibular I1, M1, and M2) to phenotypic standard deviation units reveals significant size reduction in the maxillary teeth only. By assuming 40 generations (t) between the 2 populations and a narrow heritability (h2) range of 0.30-0.70, the estimated minimum selective mortality required to produce the reductions is 1.8 deaths per 100 persons per generation. Given the same t and h2 values, the effective population size (Ne) needed to reject the neutral hypothesis (i.e., random genetic drift) with 95% confidence is approximately 150. Because paleodemographic and ethnographic studies suggest minimum effective sizes of this magnitude for these populations, we tentatively reject random genetic drift and conclude that selective mortality is most probably responsible for the maxillary tooth size reduction observed.
Sigmoid colon rupture secondary to Credé's method in a patient with spinal cord injury.

AbstractCrede’s method is a manual suprapubic pressure exerted with a clenched fist or fingers, used to initiate micturition, in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have neurovesical dysfunction. It is usually a benign maneuver unassociated with any major complications. This paper will illustrate a case report involving a sigmoid colon rupture secondary to Crede’s method in a patient with SCI. Various techniques of Crede’s method are briefly described. It is recommended that patients with quadriplegia avoid forceful use of Crede’s method, as it may cause contusion of the abdominal wall and injuries to internal viscera, possibly leading to colonic rupture. It is believed that this is the first reported case of such an unusual complication of Crede’s method in patients with SCI.
Step 3: Process Improvements

The first two steps aim to provide the fertile environment that is so important for successful JIT implementation. This chapter describes the third step, which is concerned with physical changes to the manufacturing process that will improve the flow of work. This is an essential feature of JIT: if the manufacturing process is not changed then it can become extremely difficult, if not impossible, to achieve JIT production.
Environmental Permitting Constraints on Arctic Marine Scientific Research

Scientific access to a nation's exclusive economic zone (‘EEZ’) presumes permission to collect data in those waters. The process for obtaining permission is laid out in international law, particularly the law of the sea, and implemented in some form by each of the five Arctic coastal States in their own national permitting processes.
Computing optic flow

Optic flow is the apparent motion of image features in the imaging plane. The computation of optic flow is a first step in determining the particular motions of lighting, objects, and viewers in an image sequence. New approaches are presented for the computation of optic flow from dynamic image data.
Aspirin and Delayed Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer.

Featured articles: Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Willett WC. Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:241–6.2 Giovannucci E, Egan KM, Hunter DJ, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. N Engl J Med 1995;333:609–14.3 In the 1980s, emerging epidemiologic evidence suggested that risk of colorectal cancer was lower in aspirin users. This finding drew interest from researchers. The Physicians' Health Study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin (325 mg taken every other day) and β-carotene. The trial was terminated in 1988 after 4.7 years because of a significant reduction in myocardial infarction in aspirin users. The investigators resourcefully used the data to consider aspirin use in relation to colorectal cancer risk. They published in 1993 that aspirin did not reduce colorectal cancer incidence during 5 years of randomized treatment and follow-up evaluation (1). This disappointing result …
Begriffliche Grundlagen der Logistik

Das Kapitel umreist die charakteristischen Merkmale, Aufgaben und Ziele der Logistik. Die Darstellung logistischer Systeme als Netzwerke und logistischer Prozesse als Flusse im Netzwerk wird erlautert. Die Planungsaufgaben langs der logistischen Kette auf lang-, mittel- und kurzfristiger Ebene und ihre Zusammenhange werden anhand der Planungsmatrix verdeutlicht. Bestande in logistischen Systemen werden nach ihren Ursachen und Wirkungen klassifiziert und es werden Moglichkeiten zu ihrer Steuerung aufgezeigt.
Declining voter turnout in Taiwan: A generational effect?

Abstract Taiwan's voter turnout has declined nearly fifteen percentage points since the early 2000s. All ages voted less in 2016 than before, but the drop was particularly severe among younger voters, who turned out at rates up to twenty percentage points lower than in 2004. Thus Taiwan resembles other mature democracies like the U.S., Canada, Sweden, and Finland, where declining turnout has been shown to afflict the young disproportionately. However, we argue that this youthful disaffection with voting is more difficult to interpret than usually believed, and that it may not represent an inherent attribute of younger cohorts.
The Next Wave of Climate Change Litigation: Comparing Constitutional Inverse Condemnation Claims in the United States, South Africa, and Japan

As climate change impacts people’s property rights, the global influx of takings claims against governments for climate change effects and government responses to those effects will likely rise. Inverse condemnation claims will likely be the source of the next wave of climate change litigation. This Note discusses the feasibility of takings claims related to climate change effects and the means of addressing these claims embedded in constitutions. The increasing threat of climate change effects should be addressed with thoughtful legislation. The next step will be to preempt the influx of inverse condemnation suits by providing a reasoned approach, tailored to the specific regional risks and unique cultural background of each country. Part I reviews expropriation law and the types of claims likely to result from climate change. Part II analyzes relevant constitutional provisions in the United States, South Africa, and Japan. Part III presents conclusions about expropriation claims in light of each country’s legal frameworks and cultural identity.
Orthogonal regulation of phytochrome B abundance by stress-specific plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite

Plant survival necessitates constant monitoring of fluctuating light and balancing growth demands with adaptive responses, tasks mediated via interconnected sensing and signaling networks. Photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) and plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP) are evolutionarily conserved sensing and signaling components eliciting responses through unknown connection(s). Here, via a suppressor screen, we identify two phyB mutant alleles that revert the dwarf and high salicylic acid phenotypes of the high MEcPP containing mutant ceh1. Biochemical analyses show high phyB protein levels in MEcPP-accumulating plants resulting from reduced expression of phyB antagonists and decreased auxin levels. We show that auxin treatment negatively regulates phyB abundance. Additional studies identify CAMTA3, a MEcPP-activated calcium-dependent transcriptional regulator, as critical for maintaining phyB abundance. These studies provide insights into biological organization fundamentals whereby a signal from a single plastidial metabolite is transduced into an ensemble of regulatory networks controlling the abundance of phyB, positioning plastids at the information apex directing adaptive responses.
Regional and Subregional Variations on the Weighted Index of Social Progress, 1970–2020

This chapter reports an analysis of the development and well-being trends of the 162 countries included in the comprehensive analysis. These 162 countries, as previously reported, represent a total of 95% of the world’s population. The only exceptions to this total are the small island developing and, in some cases, land-locked nations of developing Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean (UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, 2018). These countries account for only a small percentage of the world’s total population but, due to rapid global warming, are among the most vulnerable global populations worldwide, especially with respect to massive flooding, tsunamis, and the like. In any case, the special conditions and unique conditions confronting this important block of 5% of the world’s countries are not discussed at length here.
Trastuzumab/Hyaluronidase-oysk: A New Option for Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer:

Objective:To assess the use of subcutaneous trastuzumab/hyaluronidase-oysk (SQ trastuzumab) in comparison to intravenous (IV) trastuzumab.Data Sources:A comprehensive PubMed literature search was p...
On streams and lakes: Metaventriloquism and the technologies of a water controversy

Abstract This article advances the notion of metaventriloquism by bringing together the concepts of metacommunication and ventriloquism (Cooren 2010). Metaventriloquism is when one makes claims regarding who or what another is speaking behalf of. To explore the implications of metaventriloquism, a public hearing related to a community water controversy is analyzed. The analysis illustrates how metaventriloquism may be used as a form of critique and operates retrospectively in claiming what motivated another, and prospectively in claiming what another should do. The implications of metaventriloquism for the construction of technological risks are also explored.