cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermally activated deformation under Knoop indentations in super-hard directions of high-quality synthetic type-IIa diamond crystals

Abstract The deformation resistance at room temperature against a Knoop indentation in (001) (the direction on the (001) plane) of high-quality synthetic type-IIa diamond is known to be extremely high. The behavior of deformation in the hard direction activated thermally by heating was investigated, using super-hard Knoop indenters prepared from high-quality diamond crystals by taking the tip orientation to (001) . Indentation tests in (001) with a load of 4.9 N revealed that the formation of normal Knoop impressions arises suddenly at a threshold temperature of 200–240 °C, whereas no impressions are observed up to 200 °C. The hardness values derived from the impressions in (001) formed above the threshold temperatures are as low as 50–60% those in (001) at the same temperatures. The anisotropy in the Knoop hardness at such high temperatures is consistent with the nature of anisotropy predicted by an effective resolved shear stress model for a {111} slip deformation.
Combination stroke therapy: easy as APC?

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved only one therapy for ischemic stroke, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which can increase blood flow to damaged brain tissue—but it can also have severe side effects and must be administered shortly after stroke. Experiments combining the drug with activated protein C (APC) may provide a solution ( pages 1379–1383 ).
Microdomains of High Calcium Concentration in a Presynaptic Terminal

Increases in intracellular calcium concentration are required for the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals in all neurons. However, the mechanism by which calcium exerts its effect is not known. A low-sensitivity calcium-dependent photoprotein (n-aequorin-J) was injected into the presynaptic terminal of the giant squid synapse to selectively detect high calcium concentration microdomains. During transmitter release, light emission occurred at specific points or quantum emission domains that remained in the same place during protracted stimulation. Intracellular calcium concentration microdomains on the order of 200 to 300 micromolar occur against the cytoplasmic surface of the plasmalemma during transmitter secretion, supporting the view that the synaptic vesicular fusion responsible for transmitter release is triggered by the activation of a low-affinity calcium-binding site at the active zone.
Stabilized approximations of strongly continuous semigroups

This paper introduces stabilization techniques for intrinsically unstable, high accuracy rational approximation methods for strongly continuous semigroup. The methods not only stabilize the approximations, but improve their speed of convergence by a magnitude of up to 1/2.
High-intensity one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanosecond photorefractive spatial solitons

We report a comparison between theory and experiment for high-intensity steady-state screening solitons. Although the low-intensity feature of photorefractive spatial solitons is attractive for applications, high intensity photorefractive solitons are also interesting, because the speed with which the steady-state screening soliton forms is intensity dependent and can occur at nanosecond speeds or faster for GW/cm/sup 2/ intensities. For these intensities, however, the excited free carrier densities are high and produce index variations that can no longer be neglected in the theoretical model.
1994 MSSA plenary address: Toxic contamination and the loss of civility

(1995). 1994 MSSA plenary address: Toxic contamination and the loss of civility. Sociological Spectrum: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 377-396.
Intravascular ultrasound and balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

The use of balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has expanded greatly since its introduction in the late 1970s. Despite improvements in equipment and operator skills, it is still limited by acute complications usually arising from abrupt closure and by the long-term problem of restenosis. Cineangiography remains an indispensable part of the PTCA procedure, allowing preintervention evaluation, guidance during the procedure, and postintervention assessment. Angiography, however, provides only a two-dimensional silhouette of the lumen. It is limited in its ability to assess minimal or diffuse disease, to determine plaque morphology and topography, to measure stenosis or vessel diameter accurately, and to assess postintervention dissection. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides a real-time cross-sectional image of the artery (Fig. 1), which provides in vivo information that approaches that available by histology. 28 There is more plaque noted by intracoronary ultrasound than by angiography, and plaque may be noted in areas that appear normal angiographically. 8 In addition, IVUS may provide information about plaque composition, including soft, fibrous, or hard/calcified composition (Fig. 2), and the degree of eccentricity. There are several potential advantages of IVUS in improving PTCA outcomes. 23 First, IVUS may allow increased understanding of the mechanisms of balloon angioplasty. Second, its use may improve the preintervention assessment of lesions and allow more informed planning and performance of procedures. Finally, IVUS findings may allow improved estimates of prognosis following procedures.
Improving counseling through research: The need for an engineering as opposed to a scientific strategy

In the town of Mystic, Connecticut, there is a seaport museum -which reflects great effort on the part of its sponsors to provide an Authentic replica of an 18th century shipping center, with not only a variety of restored ships to visit, but also a number of homes, chandler stores, sailmaker’s lofts, and other elements which went to make up such a community in that era in American history. Among the exhibits is a cooper’s shop at which visitors may observe the work of an experienced artisan, accompanied by an assistant or two, engaged in constructing the wooden casks and barrels which merchants of the day used for the storage and transportation of goods. The manner in which this craftsman works is a marvel to behold. Relying upon a practiced eye, the information provided to him from the feel of wood between his fingers, or the deft handling of a few ironwork tools, this artisan is capable of producing remarkable wooden vessels of extraordinarily symmetric camber, watertight in operation, esthetically appealing, and within an ace of the specified size.
Direct and Indirect Effects in Linear Structural Equation Models

This article discusses total indirect effects in linear structural equation models. First, I define these effects. Second, I show how the delta method may be used to obtain the standard errors of the sample estimates of these effects and test hypotheses about the magnitudes of the indirect effects. To keep matters simple, I focus throughout on a particularly simple linear structural equation system; for a treatment of the general case, see Sobel (1986). To illustrate the ideas and results, a detailed example is presented.
Family planning clinic patients: their usual health care providers, insurance status, and implications for managed care.

Abstract Purpose: To understand the extent to which family planning clinic patients have health insurance or access to other health care providers, as well as their preferences for clinic versus private reproductive medical care. Method: An anonymous self-report questionnaire was administered at three Planned Parenthood clinics in Los Angeles County to 780 female patients aged 12–49 years. Dependent variables included insurance status, usual source of care, and a battery of questions regarding the importance of confidentiality. Results: A total of 356 adolescents (aged 12–19 years) and 424 adults (aged 20–49 years) completed the survey in 1994. Fifty-nine percent of adolescents and 53% of adults had a usual source of care other than the clinic. The majority of each group reported some degree of continuity of care in their usual provider setting. Nearly half (49%) of all adolescents had health insurance compared with 27% of adults. Adolescents cited not wanting to involve family members as the primary reason for not using their usual providers, whereas adults were more likely to cite being uninsured. The majority of both adult and adolescent patients indicate they would prefer the clinic over private health care if guaranteed health care that was free, confidential, or both. Conclusion: Despite many patients’ having health insurance and other sources of health care, family planning clinics were primarily chosen because of cost and confidentiality. Their reasons for preferring clinics may continue despite changes in access to insurance or efforts to incorporate similar reproductive services into mainstream health care provider systems. Making public or private health care funds available to family planning clinics through contracts or other mechanisms may facilitate patients’ access to essential services and reduce potential service duplication.
Wavelet-based compression of multichannel climate data

To simultaneously compress multichannel climate data, the Wavelet Subbands Arranging Technique (WSAT) is studied. The proposed technique is based on the wavelet transform, and has been designed to improve the transmission of voluminous climate data. The WSAT method significantly reduces the number of transmitted or stored bits in a bit stream, and preserves required quality. In the proposed technique, the arranged wavelet subbands of input channels provide more efficient compression for multichannel climate data due to building appropriate parent-offspring relations among wavelet coefficients. To test and evaluate the proposed technique, data from the Nevada climate change database is utilized. Based on results, the proposed technique can be an appropriate choice for the compression of multichannel climate data with significantly high compression ratio at low error.
a plan for baccalaureate education in occupational hygiene

Educational requirements for industrial hygienists will continue to expand with the increasing need to monitor and control hazardous agents and to comply with more stringent OSHA regulations. A proposed baccalaureate program in occupational hygiene, designed to meet these needs, is presented. Emerging areas of responsibility in occupationally-induced disease prevention and the resulting educational requirements are discussed. A proposed curriculum and course descriptions are included.
Unsteady simulation of viscous flowfield around F-18 aircraft at large incidence

This article describes the numerical simulation of the unsteady viscous flow around the F-18 aircraft at high angles of attack. A generalized overset zonal grid scheme is used to decompose the computational space around the complete aircraft, included deflected control surfaces. The grids around various components of the aircraft are created numerically using a three-dimensional hyperbolic grid generation procedure. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are integrated using a time-accurate, implicit procedure. Results for the turbulent flow around the F-18 aircraft at 30 deg angle of attack show the details of the flowfleld structure, including the unsteadiness created by the vortex burst and the resulting fluctuating airloads exerted on the vertical tail. The computed results agree fairly well with flight data for surface pressure, surface flow pattern, vortex burst location, and the dominant frequency for tail load fluctuations.
Boundary conditions of false heart-rate feedback effects on avoidance behavior: a resolution of discrepant results.

Summary Forty-eight college females fearful of snakes were assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 × 2 design: exposure to a behavioral pretest vs. non-exposure, and false heart-rate. feedback during snake slide presentation vs. non-feedback. As predicted, posttest approach differences between the feedback and non-feedback groups, as originally demonstrated by Valins and Ray, occurred only under non-exposure conditions. Actual heart-rate reactivity to the slides was greater among exposed subjects than among non-exposed subjects.
Hybrid Multilayered Heterostructures for High-Performance Near-Infrared LEDs

We report a solution-based method producing hybrid heterostructures for light-emission in the near-IR. This low-cost and versatile approach is most useful for flexible or reconfigurable optoelectronics, energy harvesting and biosensing platforms.
Wave-induced oscillations in harbours of arbitrary geometry

Wave-induced oscillations in harbours of constant depth but arbitrary shape in the horizontal plane connected to the open-sea are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A theory termed the ‘arbitrary-shape harbour’ theory is developed. The solution of the Helmholtz equation is formulated as an integral equation which is then approximated by a matrix equation. The final solution is obtained by equating, at the harbour entrance, the wave amplitudes and their normal derivatives obtained from the solutions for the regions outside and inside the harbour. Special solutions using the method of separation of variables for the region inside circular and rectangular harbours are also obtained. Experiments were conducted to verify the theories. Four specific harbours were investigated: two circular harbours with 10° and 60° openings respectively, a rectangular harbour, and a model of the East and West Basins of Long Beach Harbour, California. In each case, the theoretical results agreed well with the experimental data.
Fundamental Issues and Latest Development in Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry

Holographic PIV (HPIV) is currently the most promising technique for truly instantaneous, three-dimensional (3D), three-component (3C) velocity field measurements for complex flows including turbulent and multiphase flows. This paper reports new understanding on some fundamental issues and challenges in HPIV including the complex 3D imaging characteristics, the extraction of full particle information (intensities, sizes, and locations) in 3D space, the extraction of particle displacements, and the huge data volume to process. The latest off-axis HPIV system will be presented, which incorporates the new understanding of imaging characteristics of particle holography, careful development of data processing algorithms, and a well-designed distributed parallel processing system. We will demonstrate capabilities of HPIV by a semi-time-series measurement of instantaneous 3D, 3C velocity fields in highly 3D vortical flow.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Temperature and humidity effects on the quality factor of a silicon lateral rotary micro-resonator in atmospheric air

Abstract The temperature and humidity dependence of the quality factor of MEMS lateral rotary resonators operating in atmospheric air was analyzed and measured. The quality factor of a monocrystalline silicon lateral rotary micro-resonator was analytically modeled and numerically evaluated based on air shear damping loss mechanisms. The effect of temperature and humidity on each air damping mechanism was attributed to the thermophysical properties of humid air. The damping model predicted qualitatively the experimental results for a large range of temperature (from 20 °C to 80 °C) and humidity (from 30% to 90% RH). These environmental effects can be taken into account for the design of MEMS devices operating in air, such as chemical microsensors.
Communication of Distance Information by Honey Bees

A method is described by which information from odors specific to the vicinity of forager stations can be separated from symbolic dance-language information. Under these conditions, most recruits use the symbolic cues. A series of distance experiments is reported in which mean recruit accuracy was found to be ±11–12%. When Wenner's training technique was used, recruit accuracy fell to ±36%. When von Frisch's techniques were used, recruit accuracy rose slightly to ±9%. The implications of these results for the dance-language controversy are discussed.
Strategic actions in information technology investment based on real option theory

Abstract The rapid growth of information technology (IT) investments has imposed pressure on management to take into account risks and payoffs promised by the investment in their decision-making. Comprehensive but easily understandable methodologies are needed to solve the complicated evaluation problems resulting from the complexity of new technologies. This paper develops a framework of strategic actions based on real option theory. The paper identifies the basic components of IT values and strategic actions and provides the basis for valuing IT investment in terms of economic and real option value. It also provides IT managers with an easy-to-understand framework to assist in evaluating and justifying IT investments.
Acute hypervolemia does not improve arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses

Recently, it was reported that acute hypervolemia improves arterial oxygen tension in human athletes known to experience exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. Since exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia is routinely observed in racehorses and is known to limit performance, we examined whether pre-exercise induction of acute hypervolemia would similarly benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses. Two sets of experiments, namely, placebo [intravenous (IV) physiological saline] and acute hypervolemia (IV 7.2% NaCl, causing an 18.2% expansion of plasma volume) studies were carried out in random order on 13 healthy, exercise-trained thoroughbred horses, 7 days apart. An incremental exercise protocol leading to 120 s of galloping at 14 m s−1 on a 3.5% uphill incline was used. Galloping at this workload elicited maximal heart rate and induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. In the placebo study, arterial oxygen tension decreased to 76.1 (2) mmHg (P<0.0001) at 30 s of maximal exertion, but further significant changes did not occur as exercise duration increased to 120 s [arterial oxygen tension 72.4 (2) mmHg]. A significant arterial hypoxemia also developed in galloping horses in the acute hypervolemia study [arterial oxygen tension at 30 and 120 s was 76.7 (1.7) and 71.9 (1.6) mmHg, respectively], but significant differences between treatments could not be demonstrated. In both treatments, a similar desaturation of arterial hemoglobin was also observed at 30 s of maximal exercise, which intensified with increasing exercise duration as hyperthermia, acidosis and hypercapnia intensified. Thus, acute expansion of plasma volume did not benefit arterial oxygenation in maximally exercising thoroughbred horses.
This period of transition

IN THANKING you for the honor which you have bestowed upon me, I wish to emphasize some aspects of the responsibilities and opportunities of the engineering profession in the present emergency. For the men upon whom the John Fritz Medal has been conferred in the past—and in whose company I am happy to find myself—are men who have helped to build the industrial democracy of the present day. Merely to mention a few of their names—Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Lord Kelvin, Elihu Thomson, General Goethals, Charles Kettering—is to call forth the achievements by which they have given us not only a more efficient world but, as we fully believe, a better world. I am deeply appreciative of the honor of being counted worthy to be included as one of their number.
Cycloalkanones V: Synthesis, distribution, and effects on triglyceride metabolism

Abstract The 14 C‐labeled 2,8‐dibenzylcyclooctanone was synthesized to study its absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats. Maximum drug absorption from the GI tract occurred between 12 and 14 hr after administration. The major organs possessed maximum amounts of the drug in 1 hr, with the liver concentrating the most with 6.56% 14 C and the muscle mass reaching a maximum of 41% 14 C after 14 hr. The drug remained in the GI tract over the first 6 hr and was associated with the lipid and glycogen fractions. Eighty‐seven percent was eliminated in the feces after 72 hr. 2,8‐Dibenzylcyclooctanone caused a significant reduction in vitro of dihydroxyacetone phosphatase acyltransferase and sn ‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase, which is the proposed mechanism for the observed in vivo reduction of hepatic, intestinal, and serum triglycerides and total glycerolipids. In vivo administration of the drug resulted in a depression of liver acid phosphatidyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipase, and adipose lipase. The drug increased the rates of excretion of exogenous cholesterol, palmitic acid, and progesterone.
Numerical simulation of the XZ Tauri supersonic astrophysical jet

Abstract Computational gas dynamical simulations using the WENO-LF method are applied to modeling the high Mach number astrophysical jet XZ Tauri, including the effects of radiative cooling. Mach 55 simulations of the pulsed proto-jet are presented and analyzed in terms of interacting nonlinear waves: terminal Mach disks, bow shocks, and Meshkov-Richtmyer instabilities of the leading jet contact boundary.
Natural History of Stenosis From Intracranial Atherosclerosis by Serial Angiography

Background and Purpose —Knowledge of the natural history of stenoses due to intracranial atherosclerosis may be useful for evaluating possible treatments such as angioplasty. Methods —We retrospectively reviewed records over a 7-year period to identify patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses and serial angiograms. Quantitative measurements of stenoses were made in a blinded manner, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results —We identified 21 patients with 45 intracranial stenoses who underwent repeat angiography at an average interval of 26.7 months. The average stenosis for all intracranial lesions was 43.9% initially and 51.8% on follow-up ( P =.032). The average stenosis in the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) was stable (51.2% versus 52.6%). The average stenosis in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) progressed from 32.4% to 49.7% ( P =.037). Based on a minimum 10% change, 20% of intracranial ICA lesions progressed compared with 61% of ACA, MCA, and PCA lesions. Regression occurred in 14% of the intracranial ICA group and 28% of the ACA-MCA-PCA group. Cerebrovascular events were infrequent during this period, with 4 transient ischemic attacks and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions —Intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses are dynamic lesions demonstrating both progression and regression.
A note on the hyperosmotic regulation in the brackish-water clamRangia cuneata

The brackish-water clamRangia cuneata maintains the body fluids hyperosmotic to diluted sea-water of osmolalities less than 200–300 mOsm (Fig. 1). Analyses of pericardial fluid pH, protein concentration and chloride concentration (Table 2, Figs. 3, 2) negate the participation of a Gibbs-Donnan effect in the establishment of the hyperosmolality. The protein concentration of the body fluids decreases with decreasing water osmolality from a mean of 1.3 mg/ml at 416 mOsm to a mean 0.3 mg/ml at 27 mOsm.
A circumplex model for maternal behavior.

“The purpose… is to demonstrate the generality of a social interaction conceptualization of maternal behavior by ordering the intercorrelation matrices of three sets of data on maternal behavior. When ordered both with factor analysis and with Guttman's circumplex model, similar two-dimensional orga
Financial auditing and fraud detection: Implications for scientific data audit

This paper discusses some current issues and methods related to the detection of fraudulent financial reporting and draws potential implications for audit detection of fradulent scientific reporting. First, a brief history of auditor concern with fraud detection is presented. Then four issues are addressed: (1) How often does fraud occur? (2) What is fraud? (3) What are the general types of fraud? (4) How can auditors assess fraud risk and detect fraud?
Exploring for water on Mars: The case for mapping the low‐altitude magnetic field

[1] Successful exploration for subsurface water on Mars is critical to future scientific endeavors on the planet. Although many sophisticated systems have been proposed for directly detecting water on Mars, it is worthwhile to look at the methods that are used in practice for water exploration in basaltic terrain on Earth. By far, the most commonly used instrument for this purpose, at least in the initial stages of exploration, is the magnetometer. The purpose of doing reconnaissance and detailed magnetic surveys for water exploration is not for direct detection but to find those subsurface geological environments in which water is most likely to reside. Magnetic surveys in the basalt-covered Columbia Plateau are commonly used for such diverse tasks as locating buried valleys, delineating hidden faults, mapping contacts, and tracing dikes. This information leads to the discovery of groundwater, not directly but indirectly. On Mars, just as it is on Earth, the ultimate water supply problem will be a local one: exactly where to drill for water. The unpretentious magnetometer will prove to be a most useful geophysical instrument for making that decision. An important side benefit of using low-altitude magnetic field measurements for groundwater exploration on Mars is the insight such near-surface measurements will provide on the nature of the planet's ancient magnetic field.
Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Oral β-Lactams for the Empiric Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children

Objective: To determine the probability of oral β-lactam regimens achieving bactericidal pharmacodynamic exposure against pathogens causing acute otitis media (AOM) given contemporary prevalence and resistance rates. Methods: A 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation was used to recreate steady-state concentration-time profiles for oral drug administration regimens of amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, ceftibuten, and cefuroxime in a population of 12.5-month-old children. The percent of simulated children in whom free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 50% of the drug administration interval (50% fT>MIC) were achieved was determined; 180 middle ear fluid isolates (56 Haemophilus influenzae and 124 Streptococcus pneumoniae) collected during the 2004 Global Respiratory Antimicrobial Surveillance Project (GRASP) were used. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was calculated and weighted against the prevalence of organisms causing AOM extrapolated from the literature. The contribution of a ‘Pollyanna phenomenon’ for each organism was also incorporated to estimate clinical effectiveness. Results: Against S. pneumoniae isolates, amoxicillin 30 mg/kg every 8 hours (84.7%) achieved the greatest CFR followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and the other amoxicillin-based regimens. Against H. influenzae isolates, cefpodoxime, ceftibuten, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid each achieved a CFR of >90%. When weighted by the prevalence of AOM-causing pathogens, CFR was highest for cefpodoxime (87.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (85.7%), and amoxicillin 30 mg/kg every 8 hours (70.8%). The contribution of a ‘Pollyanna phenomenon’ increased the probability of clinical effectiveness for all agents, with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (90.2%) and cefpodoxime (90.1%) having the highest weighted CFR. Conclusions: Based on the recent epidemiologic and resistance profiles of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (45 mg/kg every 12 hours) and cefpodoxime (5 mg/kg every 12 hours) provide the greatest likelihood of achieving optimal pharmacodynamic exposures empirically in children with AOM.
Flow Around Baffles

Application de la visualisation de l'ecoulement, de la manometrie et de l'anemometrie laser a effet Doppler a un ecoulement approximativement bidimensionnel d'eau autour de chicanes de differentes caracteristiques geometriques pour simuler les aspects importants de l'ecoulement cote calandre dans des echangeurs a faisceau et calandre
Microwatt embedded processor platform for medical system-on-chip applications

A medical system-on-chip (SoC) that integrates an ARM Cortex-M3 processor is presented. Ultra-low power operation is achieved via 0.5–1.0 V operation, a 28 fW/bit fully differential subthreshold 6T SRAM, a 90%-efficient DC-DC converter, and a 100-nJ fast Fourier transform (FFT) accelerator to reduce processor workload. Using a combination of novel circuit design, system architecture, and SoC implementation, the first sub-microwatt per channel electroencephalograph (EEG) seizure detection is demonstrated.
Victims of their own success? Post‐agreement dilemmas of political moderates in Northern Ireland

(2003). Victims of their own success? Post‐agreement dilemmas of political moderates in Northern Ireland. Global Review of Ethnopolitics: Vol. 3, Northern Ireland, pp. 39-59.
Estimating Software Vulnerabilities

Any given piece of software has some number of publicly disclosed vulnerabilities at any moment, leaving the system exposed to potential attack. A method for identifying and analyzing these vulnerabilities uses public data from easily accessible sources.
The Bridge Called Zapatismo: Transcultural and Transnational Activist Networks in Los Angeles and Beyond

Study of a social movement in Los Angeles called Casa del Pueblo reveals the limitations of current theory on transnational social movements and advocacy networks. Whereas current theory tends to view the diffusion of political culture as a one-way process whereby Western ideas diffuse from the wealthier North to the Third World, Casa del Pueblo was born out of a transnational activist network created by the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion Nacional (Zapatista National Liberation Army—EZLN) in Mexico, a trailblazer of the global justice movement. Casa del Pueblo is a multiracial, largely Latino community group that organizes undocumented immigrants in Echo Park on a variety of issues. It borrows from the Zapatistas an expressive politics focused on consensus building and the active participation of all members and shares with them an emphasis on cultural and political autonomy. The record of Casa del Pueblo and similar transcultural movements in the United States and elsewhere suggests the need for a more...
Measuring surface wave propagation during vibrotactile stimulation

The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize the properties of travelling waves induced by vibrotactile stimulation of the skin and to determine whether these varied significantly at three different locations on the body: the palm of the hand, the forearm and the thigh. These locations are often considered for use in tactile displays used for spatial cuing. A custom designed flexible printed circuit board containing an array of accelerometers was fabricated for this purpose. The results indicated that there was a marked decrease in the frequency of vibration when measured on a compliant surface such as the skin as compared to a rigid fixture and that the magnitude of this decrease varied significantly among the sites tested. The surface wave elicited by the vibrating motor on the skin was markedly attenuated by 8 mm on all the sites tested but was still measurable at 24 mm, suggesting that for the type of motor tested the spacing between motors in a display should exceed 24 mm if precise spatial localization is required. There were differences between the glabrous and hairy skin in terms of the frequency and amplitude measured for the same mechanical input. These findings suggest that it is important to take into consideration the mechanical properties of the skin when designing tactile displays as these will affect the responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors.
Rayleigh propagation environment simulation in iDEN reverberation chamber. power delay profile and uniformity implications

This paper presents an analysis of the propagation environment simulated in a medium size reverberation chamber (3.4*3*2.4m).Power delay profiles are measured in a 200 MHz bandwidth from 1900 MHz to 2100 MHz with different loading conditions. The general goal is to asses the ability of simulating Rayleigh propagation channels with different delay spreads and monitoring uniformity degradation with loading. The delay spread in a reverberation chamber without intentional loading is long due to the fact that the reflected rays arrive with significant energy after several reflections. The use of absorbers is necessary to reduce the delay spread which is critical to test wideband systems but, the addition of absorbers degrades uniformity [1].In addition to this Time variant behavior is also analyzed.
The Trouble with Change: Self-Verification and Allegiance to the Self

Past approaches to the self have emphasized people's desire for positive evaluations I suggest that this emphasis overlooks another powerful and important motive, the desire for evaluations that verify self-views Among people with negative self-views, this desire for self-verification can override the desire for positive evaluations For example, people with negative self-views seek relationship partners who view them negatively, elicit unfavorable evaluations from partners, and “see” more negativity in the reactions of others than is actually there Although these self-verification processes ordinarily impede progress in therapy, awareness of these processes can allow therapists to either circumvent them or actually use them in the service of fostering self-concept change
EXAFS and NRVS Reveal a Conformational Distortion of the FeMo-cofactor in the MoFe Nitrogenase Propargyl Alcohol Complex

We have used EXAFS and NRVS spectroscopies to examine the structural changes in the FeMo-cofactor active site of the α-70(Ala) variant of Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase on binding and reduction of propargyl alcohol (PA). The Mo K-edge near-edge and EXAFS spectra are very similar in the presence and absence of PA, suggesting PA does not bind at Mo. By contrast, Fe EXAFS spectra show a clear and reproducible change in the long Fe-Fe interaction at ~3.7 A on PA binding with the apparent appearance of a new Fe-Fe interaction at 3.99 A. An analogous change in the long Mo-Fe 5.1 A interaction is not seen. The NRVS spectra exclude the possibility of large-scale structural change of the FeMo-cofactor involving breaking the μ(2) Fe-S-Fe bonds of the Fe(6)S(9)X core. The simplest chemically consistent structural change is that the bound form of PA is coordinated at Fe atoms (Fe6 or Fe7) adjacent to the Mo terminus, with a concomitant movement of the Fe away from the central atom X and along the Fe-X bond by about 0.35 A. This study comprises the first experimental evidence of the conformational changes of the FeMo-cofactor active site on binding a substrate or product.
Time-resolved laser-induced fluorimetry for screening polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons on solid-phase extraction membranes

Abstract The potential of solid-phase extraction (SPE) time-resolved laser-induced fluorimetry (TRLIF) is evaluated for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples. Octadecyl membranes are used with the dual purpose of extracting the pollutants from the water sample and serving as the solid substrate for fluorescence detection. Excitation of fluorescence is performed with a Nd:YAG pumped tunable dye laser pumped with a pulsed source for time-resolving spectral interference. Wavelength time matrices (WTMs) and real time-resolved fluorescence spectra are recorded with a pulsed delay generator, a spectrograph and an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD). In comparison to SPE solid-matrix luminescence (SML) with conventional instrumentation, this approach provides better limits of detection (LOD) and selectivity. The improvement in LOD is of one order of magnitude, reaching the parts-per-trillion level with 10 ml of water sample. The improvement in selectivity allows the direct determination of target compounds in complex samples. The direct determination of benzo[ a ]pyrene from a spiked river water sample of unknown composition is presented.
Transcriptional profiling and functional genomics reveal a role for AHR transcription factor in nephrogenesis

Transcriptional profiling and functional genomics experiments using E11.5 metanephros organ cultures from Ahr(-/-) and Ahr(+/+) have shown that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transcription factor is involved in the regulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) during nephrogenesis. This response is mediated by alterations in the post-transcriptional control of Wilms' tumor suppressor (Wt1) gene and Wt1 splicing. In this article, biologically relevant gene predictor sets of the nephrogenic response were calculated for target genes of interest. The predictability of the gene set for each target was quantified by the coefficient of determination which provided a good criterion for identification of predictor sets that define the complex gene-gene interactions co-regulated by Ahr and Wt1. A subset of the signature genes was found to be co-regulated by Ahr and Wt1 and was responsible for shifts in renal cell transdifferentiation.
Intimate Relationship Challenges in Early Parenthood among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Couples Adopting via the Child Welfare System.

Little research has examined the transition to parenthood among couples who adopt through the child welfare system. The current qualitative study of 84 individuals within 42 couples (17 lesbian, 13 gay, and 12 heterosexual), who were placed with a child via foster care 3 months earlier, examined perceived changes in their intimate relationship. Findings indicated that, like heterosexual biological-parent couples, some adoptive parents perceived the loss of their partner’s undivided attention as stressful to the relationship. Adoption-specific stressors were also identified, including the need to find state-approved child care to facilitate “couple time” and the legal insecurity of foster-to-adopt placements. Although our findings were similar for heterosexual, lesbian, and gay adoptive parents, same-sex couples cited some additional stressors related to their sexual minority status. Findings have implications for individual, couple, and family practitioners who work with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents, particularly during their transition to parenthood.
Effect of quality of bowel preparation on quality indicators of adenoma detection rates and colonoscopy completion rates

Background and aim: Adequate bowel preparation is important for safe and effective colonoscopy. Quality indicators (QI) for colonoscopy include achieving at least 95% completion rate and an adenoma detection rate (ADR) of at least 25% in average-risk men and 15% in average-risk women aged over 50. Our aim was to investigate the impact of bowel preparation on ADR and colonoscopy completion rates. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent colonoscopy between January 2008 and December 2009. The main outcome measurements were ADR and colonoscopy completion rates to the cecum. Results: A total of 2519 patients was included; 1030 (41.0%) had excellent preparation, 1145 (45.5%) good-, 240 (9.5%) fair-, and 104 (4.1%) poor preparation. Colonoscopy completion rates were significantly lower in patients with poor or fair preparation (72.1% and 75.4%, respectively) than in those with good and excellent preparation (99.7% and 99.9%, respectively; P < 0.001), and significantly lower than the QI of 95% (P < 0.001). ADR in men and women combined was similar in all four grades of preparation (excellent, good, fair and poor) at 24.2% vs. 26.8% vs. 32.1% vs. 22.1%, respectively; P ¼ 0.06. All the groups had ADR above the QI (25% for men and 15% for women) with evidence of significantly higher ADR in the women with excellent or good preparation and in men with excellent, good or fair preparation. On multivariate analysis, male gender was significantly associated with increased ADR (P < 0.001), while the quality of bowel preparation did not influence ADR. Conclusions: Patients with fair and poor standards of preparation have significantly lower colonoscopy completion rates than those with excellent and good preparation. However, there was no difference in ADR between the different grades of preparation.
The impact of rumors on the judgmental forecasting process

The study investigates the impact of rumors when forecasting changing time series. In this study, the subjects were presented with three types of rumors about the future direction of the time series-correct rumors, incorrect rumors and rumors which provide no information. Results indicate that correct rumors improved the quality of the forecasts; incorrect rumors and rumors with no information content evoked the same quality of the forecasts. The latter relationships persisted and affected forecasting quality in subsequent time series. >
Laryngeal findings in superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: a controversy.

The diagnosis of superior laryngeal nerve paralysis is infrequently made because of disagreement concerning the laryngeal findings in unilateral cricothyroid muscle dysfunction. Results of experimental unilateral superior laryngeal nerve paralysis in dogs and humans are shown with a review of the literature. The findings are documented by electromyographic studies and laryngeal photographs, and serve to clarify aspects of the functional anatomy of the cricothyroid muscle and the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
Efficient duty cycle mac protocols for dynamic traffic loads in wireless sensor networks

Idle listening is one of the most significant causes of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and many protocols have been proposed based on duty cycling to reduce this cost. These protocols, either synchronous or asynchronous, are mainly optimized for light traffic loads. A WSN, however, could often experience bursty and high traffic loads, as may happen for example with broadcast or convergecast traffic. In this thesis, I design and evaluate a new synchronous protocol, DW-MAC (Demand Wakeup MAC), and a new asynchronous protocol, RI-MAC (Receiver Initiated MAC), that are both efficient under dynamic traffic loads, including light or heavy loads. I also design and evaluate ADB (Asynchronous Duty-cycle Broadcasting), a new protocol for efficient multihop broadcasting in WSNs using asynchronous duty cycling. DW-MAC introduces a new low-overhead scheduling algorithm that allows nodes to wake up on demand during the Sleep period of an operational cycle and ensures that data transmissions do not collide at their intended receivers; this demand wakeup adaptively increases effective channel capacity as traffic load increases. RI-MAC, instead, uses receiver-initiated transmissions, in which each transmitter passively waits until its intended receiver wakes up and transmits a beacon frame; this technique minimizes the time a sender and its intended receiver occupy the wireless medium to find a rendezvous time for exchanging data. ADB is integrated with RI-MAC to exploit information only available at this layer; rather than treating the data transmission from a node to all of its neighbors as the basic unit of progress for the multihop broadcast. ADB dynamically optimizes the broadcast at the level of transmission to each individual neighbor of a node as the neighbors asynchronously wakeup, avoiding redundant transmissions and transmissions over poor links, and allowing a transmitter to go to sleep as early as possible. In detailed simulation of all three protocols using ns-2, they each substantially outperform earlier competing protocols in terms of reduced energy and latency and increased packet delivery ratio. I also implemented RI-MAC and ADB in a testbed of MICAz motes using TinyOS and further demonstrate the significant performance improvements made over prior protocols.
Recommendations for the presurgical psychosocial evaluation of bariatric surgery patients

Psychosocial factors have significant potential to affect long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery, including emotional adjustment, adherence to the recommended postoperative lifestyle regimen, weight loss outcomes, and co-morbidity improvement and or resolution. Thus, it is recommended that bariatric behavioral health clinicians with specialized knowledge and experience be involved in the evaluation and care of patients both before and after surgery. The evaluating clinician plays a number of important roles in the multidisciplinary treatment of the bariatric patient. Central among these is the role of identifying factors that may pose challenges to optimal surgical outcome and providing recommendations to the patient and bariatric team on how to address these issues. This document outlines recommendations for the psychosocial evaluation of bariatric surgery patients, appropriate qualifications of those conducting these evaluations, communication of evaluation results and suggested treatment plan, and the extension of behavioral healthcare of the bariatric patient to the entire span of the surgical and postsurgical process.
Ownership of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and 401(K)-Type Plans

Individual account retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs), have continued to increase their share of retirement assets, and this share is projected to grow further, particularly for private-sector workers. Consequently, tracking the percentage of workers who have these plans and how much has been accumulated in them is an important indicator of how workers are financially preparing for retirement. This paper uses the most recent data (2005) from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, to examine the prevalence of these accounts among workers ages 21-64. In brief, the most current data show that the large increase in the number of 401(k)-type plans and the number of participants in those plans, which had grown sharply through the 1990s, have subsequently grown at a slower pace. Ownership of both 401(k)-type plans and IRAs has risen significantly, as have assets in 401(k)-type plans and IRAs. The paper begins with an examination of the ownership of IRAs and participation in 401(k)-type plans (singularly and in combination) among workers ages 21-64. Next, it investigates the average contribution, the percentage of participants contributing the maximum amount, and the average earnings in 401(k)-type plans and IRAs. Finally, it presents the latest official government data on the assets and participants, where they are available for these accounts.
A Self-Aligning Flip-Chip Assembly Method Using Sacrificial Positive Self-Alignment Structures

A self-aligning flip-chip assembly method is described. The method is capable of correcting up to 150 $\mu \text{m}$ (five times the radius of solder balls used) of initial misalignment during flip-chip assembly. Critical components of the self-alignment are four polymeric positive self-alignment structures (PSASs), which are fabricated on a substrate, and four inverted pyramid pits, which are etched on a silicon chip in corresponding positions. The PSAS is removed using solvent after the assembly. Resistance of the solder joints is measured to be below 9 $\text{m}\Omega $ .
Emission Control Catalyst Derived From Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

A lean NOx catalyst is needed to control NOx emissions generated by oxygen-rich combustion processes to obtain higher fuel economy. We have developed such a catalyst using modified mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41). An iron(II)-complex impregnated MCM-41 has been synthesized which has been further treated with [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2. This treatment resulted in further exchange of Na+ ions of the molecular sieves with Pd(NH3)42+ thus forming Catalyst A. The catalytic activity towards NOx, CO and HC was studied using simulated exhaust gas, as well as engine exhaust gas.
Rate of excretion of glutamyl polypeptide and its polymers in humans.

SummaryThe half-life of glutamyl polypeptide in the blood stream of humans can be increased by polymerization leading to an increase in the molecular diameter.