cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building Nurse Capacity Related to Neonatal Resuscitation Training in Hyderabad, India, Using the Knowledge to Action Framework

Abstract In India, 1.7 million children did not reach their 5th birthday in 2010. Some of these deaths could have been avoided with knowledge and training on Helping Babies Breathe® and Essential Care for Every Baby. In international settings, where the ratio of health care providers to the population results in a scarcity of resources, task shifting of complex care to nurses rather than physicians is a common practice. According to the World Health Organization (2010), countries with the lowest healthcare workforce capacity have the poorest health outcomes and the highest infant mortality rates. This article addresses the knowledge gap in neonatal nursing care and newborn resuscitation skills among nurses and midwives in India using the Knowledge to Action Framework. Continuing education and Helping Babies Breathe in conjunction with Essential Care for Every Baby was provided every year for the last three years. The goal of this capacity building is a way of addressing and possibly reducing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality.
104 Shade use in dry lots by captive wild horses

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35 (2015) 418e436 428 104 Shade use in dry lots by captive wild horses K.E. Holcomb*, and C.L. Stull University of California, Davis, Population Health and Reproduction, Cooperative Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is the federal agency charged with managing wild horses and burros that roam free on public lands in the United States. Animals are captured and removed from herd management areas in an effort to maintain herd numbers appropriate to promote healthy ecosystems. Recently, the BLM was challenged by members of the public to provide shade during hot weather for captive wild horses in short-term holding facilities. In our previous research, domestic horses showed a preference for available shade and benefitted during hot weather conditions. The objective of the current BLMfunded study was to characterize the use of shade by captive wild horses in holding facilities. The study was performed at the BLM’s Palomino Valley Wild Horse and Burro Center in Reno, NV from August 10 to October 1, 2014. Free-standing shade structures (9.1 m 4.9 m) were constructed in each of 2 dry-lot pens (25.9 m 10.7 m) with shade cloth covering the top that blocked 95% of UV radiation. A crossover design was used consisting of a group of 4 captive wild mares placed in each of the 2 dry lots. Data were recorded for 5 d and then the groups were switched to the opposite pen for 5 d. This protocol was repeated for 4 consecutive trials and a total of 8 groups of horses. Presence in the shade was recorded between 09:30 and 17:00 h from footage captured by time-lapse cameras at 10-s intervals. Automated weather stations placed in the sun and shade recorded daytime ambient temperature (25.9 ± 5.9 C), relative humidity (27.2 ± 16.4%), black globe temperature (35.6 ± 8.2 C in sun; 29.2 ± 6.6 C in shade), and solar radiation (595 ± 235W/m2). Two cloudless days in each trial were randomly selected for this preliminary analysis. The percentage of time in shade comparedwith percent of pen shadedwas analyzed with PROC TTEST (SAS 9.4). Bout data, with a bout defined as a horse present in shade for at least one minute, were generated using PROC SUMMARY (SAS 9.4). Descriptive statistics on bout data were calculated in MS Excel. Results showed wild horses spent 13.3% more time in shade than by chance (P < 0.001) within the dry lots onwarm, sunny days. Mean (±SD) time in shade/day/ horse was 125.3 ± 71.8 min; mean number of bouts in shade/day/ horse was 22.0 ± 12.1; mean bout duration was 5.7 ± 7.2 min. The results of the current study contribute additional evidence in developing standards of care for shade provisions during hot weather for both domestic and captive wild horses.
NI-643D-PRINTED MRI-BASED CUSTOM BRAIN MOLDS FOR MINIMIZING TISSUE DISTORTION AND PRECISELY SLICING TISSUE FOR CO-REGISTRATION WITH CLINICALLY ACQUIRED MRI IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

INTRODUCTION: Precise co-registration of brain tissue and medical imaging is critical for validation of novel imaging biomarkers meant to detect infiltrative brain cancer. Brain tissue distortion during fixation, and brain slicing in sub-optimal orientation can complicate co-registration. METHODS: Three high-grade glioma patients undergoing brain only autopsies were included in this analysis. A clinically acquired MRI was used to render 3D computer assisted drafting (CAD) models. To generate a fixation cage for preventing tissue distortion, a high-resolution 3D-T1-weighted MRI scan was used to generate a solidified mesh with approximately 500 holes to allow formalin exposure. The left and right hemispheric meshes were then 3D printed in plastic using a MakerBot Replicator2X. The brains were fixed in formalin for approximately 14 days within the plastic meshes. To generate a slicing mold for one patient, the shell from the 3D-T1-weighted scan was combined with the slice profile of 6.5mm thicker-cut images. A slicing mold was then designed and 3D-printed with slots oriented vertically with the brain lying on its side within the mold. To assess consistency, the thickness of each slice was measured. To assess the co-registration with the patient's clinical MRI, gyri and sulci from each MRI slice were identified and compared to the corresponding tissue slice. RESULTS: The 3D-printed brain cages took approximately 16hrs per hemisphere to print using approximately 1.6lbs of plastic (∼$35/brain). The custom brain-slicing mold took approximately 22hrs to print totaling about 1.2lbs of plastic (∼$26). The average tissue slice thickness was 6.9mm compared to the 6.5mm MRI slices. Of the 188 gyri and sulci identified on in tissue slices 73% co-localized precisely with those seen in corresponding MRI slices. CONCLUSION: 3D printed brain cages and slicing molds provide affordable means for preventing tissue distortion and precisely slicing brain tissue for co-registration with imaging acquired prior to death.
Influence of Water Treated Artificially With Herbicides on Honey Bee Colonies

Apis mellifera L. colonies were placed in isolated desert apiaries where their only source of water contained paraquat (concentration of 1000 parts per million active ingredient by weight (ppmw)). Large numbers of bees exposed to paraquat died immediately, and all were dead before the end of the 5th week. When colonies were similarly exposed to like amounts of 2,4,5-T, large numbers of bees drowned in the water because of the lower surface tension of the water, and production of brood was reduced below that of check colonies during the period the treated water was used and for 3 months thereafter; however, in the subsequent 9 months, production returned to normal. Concentrations of 2,4,5-T in honey bees from colonies using water containing 2,4,5-T were as high as 148 ppmw, but this level dropped to about 5 ppmw as soon as the bees began using untreated water. Likewise, honey from colonies using water containing 2,4,5-T contained concentrations of 2,4,5-T as high as 50 ppmw; however, the concentration dropped to about 5.0 ppmw within 1 week after the bees began using untreated water. The last day when any 2,4,5-T was detected in honey bees and honey from treated colonies was 480 days after the experiment began. Wax from colonies using the treated water contained detectable amounts of 2,4,5-T 650 days after the study was initiated.
Pershing and the Armistice

O N October 30, 1918, General John J. Pershing, the commander-inchief of the American Expeditionary Forces, gave a letter to the Allied Supreme War Council, which was meeting to decide the terms of armistice with Germany. Pershing's letter seemed to recommend that no armistice be granted. Contradicting the advice that he had already given, his letter argued that the Allies should refuse to grant Germany any terms and that instead they should press their attack without quarter. Ever since 1918, scholars have accepted this interpretation of Pershing's letter.' They have overlooked that Pershing had ample reason to believe that President Woodrow Wilson wanted armistice terms so moderate that they would sacrifice the Allied victory. By opposing an armistice and demanding unconditional surrender, Pershing hoped to force Wilson and the Allies to settle for nothing less than the harsh armistice terms which he thought were necessary to guarantee victory. On October 3, 1918, the Germans had asked Wilson to arrange an armistice; but Pershing paid no particular attention to the talk of an armistice until the middle of the month.2 On several occasions after mid-October, he discussed the situation with the Allied generals; and then, on October 25, he went to Senlis to a formal meeting of the Allied army chiefs for a discussion of possible armistice terms. At the Senlis conference, Pershing presented no objections to granting an armistice. He prefaced his remarks
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Ge Segregation During Epitaxial Growth of Si-SixGel-x Heterostructures

The temperature dependence of germanium surface segregation during growth by solid source SiGe molecular beam epitaxy was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) modeling. Germanium segregation persisted at temperatures 60oC below that predicted by a two-state exchange model. KMC simulations, where film growth, surface diffusion, and surface segregation are modeled consistently, successfully describe the low temperature segregation of germanium. Realistic descriptions of MBE must follow the physical rates of the growth, surface diffusion, and surface segregation processes. A specific, step mediated exchange mechanism is also considered and shown to lead to surface segregation. While this model of Ge segregation seems possible, more work is necessary to obtain a consistent set of energy barriers.
Integration of Biological and Chemical Control: Introduction and Principles

Integrated control is based on the use of fundamental ecological principles to control and manipulate pest insects and mites. It has as a prime goal the combination and integration of biological and chemical control. The integrated control programs which have been developed to date emphasize the utilization of both chemical and biological measures because these two techniques are our main standbys in the struggle against insect and mite pests. In the final analysis, however, we must integrate not only chemical and biological control but all control procedures and techniques into a single pattern aimed at profitable production.
DISPARITIES IN LIPID MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE VERSUS CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: COMPARISON BETWEEN ATP III AND 2013 AHA/ACC GUIDELINES

Recent studies using ATP III guidelines show that peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients have less optimal lipid control compared to those with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our study aimed to compare lipid management in patients with PAD, CAD and CAD with PAD by applying the new 2013 guidelines
Puerperal hematomas; report of 73 cases and review of the literature.

Abstract We have reviewed the literature of the last decade relating to puerperal hematomas. We have attempted to compile a total listing of possible causative factors, a total listing of the symptoms which have been reported, and a complete tabulation of the various therapeutic suggestions that have been offered so that these data might be easily available in one communication. We have studied our own experience and find it in general accord with that of the literature. There was no maternal mortality in our series. One-third of the patients were morbid. Over one-half of the patients were primigravidas. Prolonged labor did not seem to be an etiological factor. We found no prolongation of the second stage of labor in this study. Nonetheless, it seems eminently logical that such prolongation might well increase the incidence of puerperal blood tumors. The type of anesthesia appeared to be of no significance. It is undoubtedly true that saddle block anesthesia may prevent the early complaint of inordinate pain. Obviously, more vigilant postpartum supervision is necessary for these patients. The incidence of forceps delivery (73 per cent) in this series is much higher than in all but one of the previously reported studies. Hamilton noted an overall operative incidence of 42 per cent in all the cases in the literature. Our high incidence of forceps delivery as well as our high incidence of occurrence suggests to us that trauma may be an important etiological factor. We are compelled, for example, to disagree with the terminology employed by McNally and Ehrlich 10 in their recent publication and with one of their conclusions. They report 52 instances of puerperal hematomas with an incidence of 80 per cent operative delivery (low forceps). This is the only series that has come to our attention with a higher operative incidence than our own. They contend that, with the exception of one breech delivery and 3 patients delivered by the Scanzoni maneuver, “all patients can be considered to have delivered normally” and that trauma is not, therefore, a significant etiological factor. These patients may have delivered in the usual fashion, i.e., saddle block anesthesia with low forceps delivery, but not in the normal fashion and such statistics (80 per cent operative delivery) most certainly do not exclude trauma as a causative item. In terms of therapy, it may be unequivocally stated that active management is surely indicated for the expanding varieties. Not to be obscured by the plea for conservative obstetrics (nontraumatic delivery, meticulous episiotomy closure, and precise hemostasis) and the plea for active therapy , when indicated, is the important suggestion that the obstetrical diagnostican must be alert to the very possibility that this complication may occur Delay in diagnosis means needless destruction of tissue . Early recognition is crucial.
N(ω)-Propargyl-L-arginine and N(ω)-hydroxy-N(ω)-propargyl-L-arginine are inhibitors, but not activators, of neuronal and macrophage nitric oxide synthases

Abstract N ω - Propargyl- l -arginine ( 7 ) was synthesized as a potential mechanism-based inactivator of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and macrophage nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Compound 7 is a potent reversible competitive inhibitor for both isoforms, having K i values of 430 ± 50 nM and 620 ± 30 nM for nNOS and iNOS, respectively. These values are 12 and 32 times lower than the K m for l -arginine with nNOS and iNOS, respectively; however, 7 does not exhibit time-dependent inhibition with either. It also only undergoes oxidation very slowly. N ω - Hydroxy -N ω - propargyl- l -arginine also was synthesized to determine if the initial proposed enzyme-catalyzed hydroxylation of N ω - propargyl- l -arginine was problematic. This compound also is a potent reversible inhibitor of both nNOS and iNOS, but is not a time-dependent inactivator and is oxidized only very slowly. These results are in sharp contrast with the corresponding olefins, N ω - allyl- l -arginine and N ω - allyl -N ω - hydroxy- l -arginine recently reported to be potent time-dependent, irreversible inhibitors of nNOS (Zhang, H.Q.; Dixon, R.P.; Marletta, M.A.; Silverman, R.B., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997 , 119 , in press); N ω - allyl- l -arginine also was reported to be an inactivator of iNOS (Olken, N.M.; Marletta, M.A. J. Med. Chem. 1992 , 35 , 1137). This suggests that the active site of both isoforms of NOS can accommodate a variety of structures, but binding must have the appropriate juxtaposition for hydroxylation; otherwise, no oxidation occurs.
Identification of muscle and subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue on thigh MRI of muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophies can affect the muscle distribution within the legs. In order to effectively study and track disease progression, it is important to quantify both muscle and fat volumes, and distinguish between subcutaneous (SAT) and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). While several techniques have been previously described that perform such classification, they rely heavily on the muscle location, and so may not be suitable for differentiating SAT and IMAT in severe cases of dystrophy. We propose a method that utilizes muscle location if available, but also identifies the fascia lata to serve as the boundary between SAT and IMAT. Our method achieved DICE coefficients of 0.93, 0.88, and 0.68 for muscle, SAT, and IMAT, respectively, in mild cases, of 0.94, 0.91, and 0.85 in moderate cases, and of 0.79, 0.90, and 0.91 in severe cases.
Increased Engagement or Reduced Exhaustion: Which Accounts for the Effect of Job Resources on Salesperson Job Outcomes?

Given the stressful nature of sales jobs, research has historically emphasized the importance of reducing exhaustion for promoting desired salesperson job outcomes. Building on data provided by 235 B2B salespeople, this study finds that while reducing exhaustion is important, enhancing engagement may be more critical. Specifically, the results reveal that engagement mediates the effects of customer orientation, training, and supervisor support on sales performance, but exhaustion does not. Furthermore, the results indicate that exhaustion and engagement both mediate the effects of supervisor support on turnover intentions. Implications of the study’s findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Out-of-Area Issues v. Domestic Concerns

The limits-of-alliance problem has become a permanent theme within NATO and one that has an impact on the burdensharing issue. Formally the area covered by the mutual security guarantee of Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty is quite explicit: the territories of the signatory states, the European waters (including the Channel, North Sea, Baltic Sea as far as the 25th degree of longitude, and the Mediterranean minus the territorial waters of non-NATO members) and the Atlantic Ocean north of the Tropic of Cancer.1 Any action falling outside this zone is within the competence of the national decision-making authorities, whether they wish to be involved or not. In spite of this some nations, in particular the US, have sought to enlist public support for out-of-area operations. However, the differing geostrategic perspectives of the members of NATO illustrates why Western Europe and the US have tended to clash on out-of-area matters. To the former, out-of-area issues are primarily shaped by national concerns, while to Washington Western Europe is but one area of its global agenda.2 Only Britain and France have shown any real willingness to involve themselves in out-of-area issues and the remaining allies have reacted with extreme caution to any hint of involvement.
The Spirit of Hindu Law: Debt and meaning ( ṛṇa )

The relationship between persons is one of two traditionally conceived forms of human interaction governed by law. The other is the relationship of persons and things, to be considered in Chapter 4. Together, we might use the Hindu jurisprudential views of these two legally recognized forms of human interaction with the world as a kind of summary of the substantive law in the Hindu tradition. In particular, it is in these interactions that we will find the most visible connections of law, theology, and ordinary life that undergird the legal imagination in Hinduism and, as I have argued, in all legal systems. Various types of relationship exist between people and these can all be reified or instantiated by the law. Think only of the historical significance and tragedy of laws pertaining to masters and slaves. Other ordinary relationships, too – between parents and children (more often father and sons), husband and wife, between classmates or business partners, or even between individuals and corporations – occupy a huge and central place in every legal system. The law promotes or prohibits these relationships according to certain fundamental views of human nature and life itself that are literally written into the text of the law. Famously, the nineteenth-century legal historian Henry Sumner Maine argued that the historical progress of law may be described as “a movement from Status to Contract.”
Andersen’s Syndrome: A Periodic Paralysis

A study of 11 patients from 5 kindreds with Andersen’s syndrome (AS), a triad of potassium-sensitive periodic paralysis, ventricular dysrhythmias, and dysmorphic facial features, is reported from the Department of Neurology, University of Milan, Italy; University of Rochester, NY; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Southwestern Medical Center, Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX; and Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR.
Adenovirus Infection in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are nonenveloped lytic DNA viruses with 67 different human serotypes. HAdV infection post transplant seems to be caused by endogenous viral reactivation in most cases. Quantitative HAdV PCR-diagnostics in peripheral blood (PB) samples has become gold standard. The incidence of HAdV viremia varies between 5 % and 68 %. The main risk factor for HAdV infection is prolonged immunosuppression, attributable either to in vivo or ex vivo T-cell depletion, prolonged lymphopenia, or to GvHD-associated immunosuppressive posttransplant therapy. For patients at risk, weekly PCR screening is recommended. The first symptoms of HAdV disease are frequently diarrhea, fever, elevated liver enzymes, and secondary pancytopenia. High levels of HAdV DNA in PB predicts disseminated HAdV disease, which is lethal despite virostatic treatment in most cases. Standard treatment for HAdV infections is cidofovir. The compound brincidofovir, an orally bioavailable lipid conjugate of cidofovir is currently being tested in several prospective trials. However, the recovery of HAdV-specific immunity seems to be critical for successful antiviral therapy. The transfer of HAdV-specific donor T cells in patients with HAdV viremia has been evaluated in several clinical phase I/II trials and preliminary data suggest that this approach may be feasible and effective.
When Places Speak: Developing an Exhibit in Partnership

This essay outlines the partnership that developed among a faculty member, students, two photographers, University of Minnesota units, and a multitude of community collaborators to develop the When Places Speak exhibit. Featuring places enmeshed in sex trafficking in Minnesota, the exhibit sheds light on the instrumental role partnerships can play in overcoming domination.
The Role of Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy in the Management of Malignant Gliomas

Gliomas are the most common primary CNS malignancies, the vast majority of which are resistant high-grade malignant entities that require aggressive treatment with the combination of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy (Neuro-Oncology. 2014;16:iv1–63). Prognoses for patients with unresectable newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade gliomas remain dismal, and new approaches are required. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a rapidly developing minimally invasive technique that delivers thermal therapy into the tumor cavity under MRI guidance causing tumor ablation by inducing coagulation necrosis. This technique currently seems to be most beneficial in patients who are either poor surgical candidates or whose lesions are difficult to access—such as those located in the corpus callosum, insula, or the deep gray nuclei including the basal ganglia and the thalamus—where standard surgical approaches could result in significant morbidity. Currently, the literature suggests that survival following ablation with LITT can be equivalent to surgical resection both at initial diagnosis and recurrence. Further, several smaller studies now suggest that laser thermal ablation may result in improved survival in those who otherwise would be only eligible for biopsy at time of de novo diagnosis. Given that complications following use of LITT can affect as many as one-third of treated patients, larger, multicenter studies are still needed to confirm these findings and to fully identify the role of LITT in the overall treatment algorithm for patients with high-grade gliomas.
"They’re younger… it's harder." Primary providers' perspectives on hypertension management in young adults: a multicenter qualitative study

Young adults (18–39 year-olds) have the lowest hypertension control rates among adults with hypertension in the United States. Unique barriers to hypertension management in young adults with primary care access compared to older adults have not been evaluated. Understanding these differences will inform the development of hypertension interventions tailored to young adults. The goals of this multicenter study were to explore primary care providers’ perspectives on barriers to diagnosing, treating, and controlling hypertension among young adults with regular primary care. Primary care providers (physicians and advanced practice providers) actively managing young adults with uncontrolled hypertension were recruited by the Wisconsin Research & Education Network (WREN), a statewide practice-based research network. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in three diverse Midwestern clinical practices (academic, rural, and urban clinics) using a semi-structured interview guide, and content analysis was performed. Primary care providers identified unique barriers across standard hypertension healthcare delivery practices for young adults. Altered self-identity, greater blood pressure variability, and unintended consequences of medication initiation were critical hypertension control barriers among young adults. Gender differences among young adults were also noted as barriers to hypertension follow-up and antihypertensive medication initiation. Tailored interventions addressing the unique barriers of young adults are needed to improve population hypertension control. Augmenting traditional clinic structure to support the “health identity” of young adults and self-management skills are promising next steps to improve hypertension healthcare delivery.
Zeeman and spin-orbit effects in the Andreev spectra of nanowire junctions

Microwave spectroscopy of a Josephson junction is a useful tool to directly measure the properties of Andreev bound states. Recently, this method has been successfully applied to junctions defined in proximitized InAs/Al nanowires whose realization is aimed at the study and use of Majorana zero modes. In these nanowires, Andreev bound states are sensitive to the interplay of spin-orbit coupling and applied magnetic field. Our theory investigates the evolution of the Andreev levels and of the associated microwave spectrum upon application and increase of magnetic field. The authors find that a drastic change in the spectrum occurs once the magnetic field is strong enough to affect the ground-state parity, which can happen before the topological transition. Besides explaining existing experimental data, the presented theory provides guidance for future experiments, involving the spectroscopic observation of the effects associated with Majorana zero modes.
Twenty-First Century Developmental States? Argentina under the Kirchners

Can the policies pursued by successful examples of developmental states be transferred to other countries under current global conditions? This question has represented one of the key concerns of the academic community in the wake of this reinterpretation of East Asian developmental success. This article will contribute to both the Latin American literature and the developmental state literature simultaneously and symbiotically, through arguing that Argentina in the period 2003–2015 represents an excellent empirical opportunity to revisit key debates associated with the concern of transferable lessons from the original East Asian developmental state experience.
Hybrid, adaptive, and reconfigurable fault tolerance

The main design challenge in developing space computers featuring hybrid system-on-chip (SoC) devices is determining the optimal combination of size, weight, power, cost, performance, and reliability for the target mission, while addressing the complexity associated with combining fixed and reconfigurable logic. This paper focuses upon fault-tolerant computing with adaptive hardware redundancy in fixed and reconfigurable logic, with the goal of providing and evaluating tradeoffs in system reliability, performance, and resource utilization. Our research targets the hybrid Xilinx Zynq SoC as the primary computational device on a flight computer. Typically, flight software on a Zynq runs on the ARM cores that by default operate in symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) mode. However, radiation tests have shown this mode can leave the system prone to upsets. To address this limitation, we present a new framework (HARFT: hybrid adaptive reconfigurable fault tolerance) that enables switching between three operating modes: (1) ARM cores running together in SMP mode; (2) ARM cores running independently in asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) mode; and (3) an FPGA-enhanced mode for fault tolerance. While SMP is the default mode, AMP mode may be used for fault-tolerant and real-time extensions. Additionally, the FPGA-enhanced mode uses partially reconfigurable regions to vary the level of redundancy and include application- and environment-specific techniques for fault mitigation and application acceleration.
Before-After Study of an Electronic Order Set for Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonist–Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage:

Background:Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)–associated intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are more likely to expand and are associated with higher mortality than primary ICH. Prompt reversal of anticoagulant effect with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) may promote hemostasis and decrease hematoma expansion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an electronic order set designed to standardize and facilitate more timely reversal of coagulopathy in VKA-associated ICH.Methods:We identified all adults who received PCC for VKA-associated ICH from June 2012 to June 2015 at University of California San Francisco Medical Center, which included a period before and after an electronic order set became available in 2014. We abstracted baseline demographics and clinical data from electronic health records. The primary outcome was time from radiographic identification of ICH to administration of PCC.Results:Thirty-one patients received PCC for VKA-associated ICH, including 17 patients before and 14 patients ...
Psychology Experiments as Interbeha Vioral Systems: A Case Study from the Soviet Union

This paper reviews a research project conducted at Pavlov’s laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in Leningrad, U.S.S.R. The paper’s primary objective is to present a formal, quantified account of both experimenter and subject behavior as they interact during a dynamic learning experiment. The analysis focuses on a prominent Soviet paradigm, the Kupalov “situational-place reflex,” which combines elements of classical Pavlovian stimulus pairings (experimenter-paced stimuli) with subject-paced arrangements that involve a variety of behavioral prerequisites. Discussions and conclusions focus on (a) the operational aspects of the Kupalov paradigm and their implications for current learning typologies, (b) cultural differences in viewing experiments, and (c) the strengths of the Soviet experimenters’ sensitivity to individual differences.
Clinically Important Considerations with the Use of Oral Doxycycline

Tetracyclines are the most commonly prescribed oral antibiotics in dermatology. They are used to treat both cutaneous infections and non-infectious inflammatory disorders, the latter often with chronic therapy. Doxycycline may be favored by some dermatologists over minocycline due to a lower risk of certain adverse reactions, especially some with systemic manifestations. The major adverse events that are more common with doxycycline are gastrointestinal side effects, including pill esophagitis, and phototoxicity. This article reviews practical tips when prescribing oral doxycycline, emphasizing suggestions to optimize therapeutic success and reduce untoward reactions.
Structural insights into enzymatic [4+2] aza-cycloaddition in thiopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis

The [4+2] cycloaddition reaction is an enabling transformation in modern synthetic organic chemistry, but there are only limited examples of dedicated natural enzymes that can catalyze this transformation. Thiopeptides (or more formally thiazolyl peptides) are a class of thiazole-containing, highly modified, macrocyclic secondary metabolites made from ribosomally synthesized precursor peptides. The characteristic feature of these natural products is a six-membered nitrogenous heterocycle that is assembled via a formal [4+2] cycloaddition between two dehydroalanine (Dha) residues. This heteroannulation is entirely contingent on enzyme activity, although the mechanism of the requisite pyridine/dehydropiperidine synthase remains to be elucidated. The unusual aza-cylic product is distinct from the more common carbocyclic products of synthetic and biosynthetic [4+2] cycloaddition reactions. To elucidate the mechanism of cycloaddition, we have determined atomic resolution structures of the pyridine synthases involved in the biosynthesis of the thiopeptides thiomuracin (TbtD) and GE2270A (PbtD), in complex with substrates and product analogs. Structure-guided biochemical, mutational, computational, and binding studies elucidate active-site features that explain how orthologs can generate rigid macrocyclic scaffolds of different sizes. Notably, the pyridine synthases show structural similarity to the elimination domain of lanthipeptide dehydratases, wherein insertions of secondary structural elements result in the formation of a distinct active site that catalyzes different chemistry. Comparative analysis identifies other catalysts that contain a shared core protein fold but whose active sites are located in entirely different regions, illustrating a principle predicted from efforts in de novo protein design.
Non-coaxial-based microwave ablation antennas for creating symmetric and asymmetric coagulation zones

We present an investigation of a new class of microwave ablation (MWA) antennas capable of producing axially symmetric or asymmetric heating patterns. The antenna design is based on a dipole fed by a balanced parallel-wire transmission line. The angle and direction of the deployed dipole arms are used to control the heating pattern. We analyzed the specific absorption rate and temperature profiles using electromagnetic and thermal simulations. Two prototypes were fabricated and tested in ex vivo ablation experiments: one was designed to produce symmetric heating patterns and the other was designed to generate asymmetric heating patterns. Both fabricated prototypes exhibited good impedance matching and produced localized coagulation zones as predicted by the simulations. The prototype operating in porcine muscle created an ∼10 cm3 symmetric ablation zone after 10 min of ablation with a power level of 18 W. The prototype operating in egg white created an ∼4 cm3 asymmetric ablation zone with a directionality ratio of 40% after 5 min of ablation with a power level of 25 W. The proposed MWA antenna design shows promise for minimally invasive treatment of tumors in various clinical scenarios where, depending on the situation, a symmetric or an asymmetric heating pattern may be needed.We present an investigation of a new class of microwave ablation (MWA) antennas capable of producing axially symmetric or asymmetric heating patterns. The antenna design is based on a dipole fed by a balanced parallel-wire transmission line. The angle and direction of the deployed dipole arms are used to control the heating pattern. We analyzed the specific absorption rate and temperature profiles using electromagnetic and thermal simulations. Two prototypes were fabricated and tested in ex vivo ablation experiments: one was designed to produce symmetric heating patterns and the other was designed to generate asymmetric heating patterns. Both fabricated prototypes exhibited good impedance matching and produced localized coagulation zones as predicted by the simulations. The prototype operating in porcine muscle created an ∼10 cm3 symmetric ablation zone after 10 min of ablation with a power level of 18 W. The prototype operating in egg white created an ∼4 cm3 asymmetric ablation zone with a directionality...
A real-time opponent modeling system for rush football

One drawback with using plan recognition in adversarial games is that often players must commit to a plan before it is possible to infer the opponent's intentions. In such cases, it is valuable to couple plan recognition with plan repair, particularly in multi-agent domains where complete replanning is not computationally feasible. This paper presents a method for learning plan repair policies in real-time using Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees (UCT). We demonstrate how these policies can be coupled with plan recognition in an American football game (Rush 2008) to create an autonomous offensive team capable of responding to unexpected changes in defensive strategy. Our real-time version of UCT learns play modifications that result in a significantly higher average yardage and fewer interceptions than either the baseline game or domain-specific heuristics. Although it is possible to use the actual game simulator to measure reward offline, to execute UCT in real-time demands a different approach; here we describe two modules for reusing data from offline UCT searches to learn accurate state and reward estimators.
Solubilization of Dense NAPLs: Exploring the Implications of Experimental Observations on Field-Scale Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation

The widespread presence of entrapped dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface has been identified as one of the most intractible problems in the remediation of contaminated aquifers (National Research Council 1994). Over the past 40 years, industrial and commerical operations in the U.S. have consumed large quantities of chlorinated solvents, mostly for degreasing manufactured parts and in dry cleaning operations. The occurrence of organic contamination at numerous hazardous waste sites in North America associated with the use of these solvents is well documented (e.g., Schwille 1988; Mercer and Cohen 1990), as is the minimal success of conventional pump-and-treat remediation methods at such sites (Mercer and Cohen 1990; Haley et al. 1991). Because of their high densities relative to water, DNAPLs tend to migrate deep into aquifer formations under gravity forces, leaving a residual liquid entrapped in aquifer pores under capillary forces. The remediation problem posed by these highly inaccessible entrapped organics is compounded by their typically low aqueous phase solubilities, which enhances their persistence as a long-term source of organic pollution. A clear need exists for innovative remediation techniques which address the accessibility and low solubility problems currently associated with NAPL remediation.
Fear: Potentiation and Startle

In the fear-potentiated startle procedure, conditioned fear is defined as elevated startle amplitude in the presence versus the absence of a stimulus that was previously paired with shock. Owing to the fact that it involves the modulation of the acoustic startle response – a ubiquitous cross-species reflex that is easily and objectively quantified in rats, mice, and the human – fear-potentiated startle has been used quite successfully to examine the behavioral and neurobiological correlates of fear across these species. Anxiety also potentiates startle in rodents and the human, and recent work utilizing anxiety-potentiated startle procedures suggests that the neurobiological substrates of anxiety are separate and distinct from those of conditioned fear.
Imaging in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Routine and innovative imaging approaches are used for screening, diagnosis and staging, monitoring treatment, and surveillance in gastrointestinal cancers. While screening endoscopy has been the standard for diagnosing most gastrointestinal tumors, noninvasive CT colonography has evolved and is beginning to find routine use in practice. For diagnosis and staging, the CT scan has been the backbone of imaging over the last 30 years. Functional imaging modalities, such as PET scans, are now employed as an added tool to assist in the diagnosis and staging of GI cancers, particularly to detect occult metastatic disease so futile surgical interventions can be avoided. PET has been adopted for routine staging for esophageal cancers and data is evolving in other GI cancers. Clinical trials data using functional imaging for early treatment monitoring for GI cancers is limited. The best data is in esophageal cancer, where a multi-institutional study showed that PET done at 2 weeks after induction chemotherapy could be used to identify patients with metabolic response. Future clinical trials using functional imaging may enable clinicians to provide rapid adjustments to therapy for each patient. The role of surveillance in patients with resected cancer is to detect early recurrence, which is amenable to curative resections. Studies have shown that routine follow-up with CT, along with CEA and colonoscopy has shown to improve survival in colorectal cancer patients. Ultimately, the proper use of all available imaging technology will translate to improved clinical outcomes in GI cancer patients.
A clinical comparison of Atlas and LVIS Jr stent-assisted aneurysm coiling

Background Case series have described the safety and efficacy of LVIS Jr and Atlas stent-assisted aneurysm coiling, but their comparative clinical performance has not yet been formally studied. Objective To clinically compare LVIS Jr and Atlas stents, emphasizing comparative rates of technical success and complications. Methods Our institutional endovascular database was queried for aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coiling with either the LVIS Jr or Atlas stents. Demographic data, aneurysm information, treatment technique, periprocedural and device-related complications, and initial and follow-up angiographic results were evaluated. Results Thirty-seven patients underwent Atlas stent placement and 27 patients underwent LVIS Jr stent placement for aneurysm coiling. There was no significant difference in aneurysm location, size, coiling technique, and coil packing density between the two cohorts. The rate of initial Raymond 1 occlusion was significantly greater in the Atlas cohort (57% vs 41%, P=0.03). The rate of postoperative ischemic complications, both clinically apparent and as defined on postoperative MRI diffusion-weighted imaging, did not significantly differ between the two groups. Follow-up DSA demonstrated a significantly greater rate of Raymond 1 or 2 occlusion for the Atlas cohort (100% vs 81%, P=0.04), and a significantly lower rate of in-stent stenosis (0% vs 19%, P=0.04). Conclusion This institutional analysis demonstrates greater obliteration rates and lower in-stent stenosis rates for aneurysms treated via Atlas stent-assisted coiling as compared with those treated via LVIS Jr stent-assisted coiling.
TLR-7 Stress Signaling in Differentiating and Mature Eosinophils Is Mediated by the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1

The response of eosinophils (Eos) to respiratory virus has emerged as an important link between pulmonary infection and allergic asthmatic exacerbations. Eos activate innate immune responses through TLR signaling. In this study, using mouse and human Eos and mice lacking the prolyl isomerase Pin1 selectively in Eos, we show that Pin1 is indispensable for eosinophilopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and mature cell function in the presence of TLR7 activation. Unbiased in vivo analysis of mouse models of allergic airway inflammation revealed that TLR7 activation in knockout mice resulted in systemic loss of Eos, reduced IFN production, and an inability to clear respiratory viruses. Consistent with this finding, BM mouse Eos progenitors lacking Pin1 showed markedly reduced cell proliferation and survival after TLR7 activation. Mechanistically, unlike wild-type cells, Pin1 null mouse Eos were defective in the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response. We observed significant reductions in the expression of unfolded protein response components and target genes, aberrant TLR7 cleavage and trafficking, and reduced granule protein production in knockout Eos. Our data strongly suggest that Pin1 is required for BM Eos generation and function during concurrent allergen challenge and viral infection.
A meta-analysis of whole genome duplication and the effects on flowering traits in plants

Premise of the study Polyploidy, or whole genome duplication (WGD), is common in plants despite theory suggesting that polyploid establishment is challenging and polyploids should be evolutionarily transitory. There is renewed interest in understanding the mechanisms that could facilitate polyploid establishment and explain their pervasiveness in nature. In particular, premating isolation from their diploid progenitors is suggested to be a crucial factor. To evaluate how changes in assortative mating occur, we need to understand the phenotypic effects of WGD on reproductive traits. Methods We used literature surveys and a meta-analysis to assess how WGD affects floral morphology, flowering phenology, and reproductive output in plants. We focused specifically on comparisons of newly generated polyploids (neopolyploids) and their parents to mitigate potential confounding effects of adaptation and drift that may be present in ancient polyploids. Key results The results indicated that across a broad representation of angiosperms, floral morphology traits increased in size, reproductive output decreased, and flowering phenology was unaffected by WGD. Additionally, we found that increased trait variation after WGD was uncommon for the phenotypic traits examined. Conclusions Our results suggest that the phenotypic effects on traits important to premating isolation of neopolyploids are small, in general. Changes in flowering phenology, reproductive output, and phenotypic variation resulting from WGD may be less critical in facilitating premating isolation and neopolyploid establishment. However, floral traits for which size is an important component of function (e.g., pollen transfer) could be strongly influenced by WGD.
Development of L2 Spanish VOT before and after a brief pronunciation training session

Abstract We present a study of the development of L2 stop VOT (voice onset time) in lower-level English-speaking learners of Spanish over the course of a college semester. Participants were recorded six times in two-week intervals. Halfway through the semester, students received a brief pronunciation training session with practice and feedback. Overall, the learners did not lower their L2 VOTs in the first half of the study, before pronunciation training. Following training, however, they lowered their mean VOTs for Spanish voiceless stops significantly. A similar effect was not found for their mean VOTs of Spanish voiced stops, in line with prior work suggesting that prevoicing may be harder to acquire. Yet careful examination suggests that learners are increasing the frequency with which they use prevoicing in Spanish, suggesting this metric might inform future work on L2 Spanish pronunciation development. This work has implications for teaching and research in second language pronunciation.