cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The autoradiographic localization and distribution of neutron activated gold (Au198) in skeletal tissues and synovia of mice

A combination of activation analysis and autoradiography was used for exact localization of gold in tissues. Stable gold (Au/sup 197/) compounds were injected and the tissues fwed at various intervals thereafter. Subsequent exposure of the tissues to a neutron source activated a fraction of Au/sup 197/ to Au/sup 198/ which decays with a gamma emission of 0.411 Mev and a BETA emission of an average energy of 0.32 Mev, and which can be localized by radioautography. This technic was used for the localization of Au in the joints of mice following Au thioglucose and Au thiomalate injections. Data are presented for mice injected at 1 or 2 months of age and killed after intervals of 1 or 2 months. Localization of Au following injection of either compound was restricted to the surface of the synovium, the osteogenic layer of the perichondrial periosteum, reticuloendothelial cells of the marrow, and osteogenic cells along the surface of metaphyseal trabeculae and epiphyseal centers of ossification. Au, presumed to have been deposited along bone surfaces in the shaft and epiphyses, was presented within bone some distances parallel to the surfaces, owing to intervening appositional bone growth. Fat pads often contained hot spots clearly localized overmore » individual cells. (TCO)« less
Infrared field induced Gunn oscillations in GaAs

Abstract Experimental results are presented which show that intense i.r. laser radiation can enhance intervalley carrier transfer and induce Gunn oscillations in GaAs by direct carrier heating. Nanosecond pulses from a mode-locked CO2 laser at 10.6 μm wavelength have been used to trigger the instability. The results suggest applications in direct optical monitoring of fast hot carrier dynamics and high speed optical modulation of Gunn microwave sources.
The effect of unstaffing

In 1984 the first microcomputer cluster was opened on the Syracuse University campus, joining established mainframe terminal clusters. One mainframe cluster was staffed with a full-time manager and student consultants keeping the cluster open approximately ninety hours a week. The microcomputer cluster was staffed in the same manner.Within the next five years Academic Computing Services (ACS) responded to the need for more microcomputers on campus and built six more clusters. Each cluster was staffed with student consultants, and the mainframe cluster joined the microcomputer clusters resulting in two full-time managers for eight clusters. These clusters are known as Remote Sites.During the academic year 1987-88 discussions were held to decide whether to unstaff some of the clusters. It was decided to unstaff all the DOS clusters starting in September 1988 and work toward unstaffing the Macintosh clusters for the following year. DOS clusters at this time were networked; consultants were still needed in the Macintosh sites to signout software disks. Macintosh sites would be unstaffed when the Macintosh network was in place. In September 1988 five of eight clusters were unstaffed.
The application of solvent-processed human dura in experimental tracheal reconstruction.

Abstract To evaluate the role of solvent-processed human cadaveric dura in experimental tracheal reconstruction, anesthetized piglets underwent an elliptical excision of a four-ring segment of the trachea. Twelve animals were randomly divided into two equal groups: in group I, the resected trachea was rotated 180° and sutured into position; in group II, the resected trachea was replaced with dura. The animals were extubated after the operation, and endotracheal stents were not used. Tracheal dimensions were recorded, and tissues were evaluated for mechanical compliance (percent elongation/displacement). Histology of the grafts was characterized by fibrosis and granulation tissue, and there were no distinguishing features between groups. The data suggest that solvent-processed human dura has compliance and patency comparable to those of autologous free-grafted trachea and that it may prove useful as an adjunct to reconstructive tracheal surgery in infants.
Wound tensile strength in the hairless guinea pig following irradiation with pure ultraviolet—A light

Abstract Ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 315–400 nm (UVA) is known to penetrate the epidermis more readily than UVB and to result in significant dermal damage. Fibroblasts within the dermis are responsible for the production of collagen, which is the chief determinant of wound tensile strength during the third week of wound healing. The present study assesses the effects of UV radiation limited to the UVA wavelength on wound tensile strength in the hairless guinea pig. Twenty female hairless guinea pigs were randomly divided into two equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 animals served as controls. Group 2 animals were irradiated with 120 J/cm 2 from a pure UVA fluorescent light source every other day for a period of 21.3 weeks (cumulative dose=8960 J/cm 2 ). Upon completion of the irradiation schedule, a standard 6 cm linear full-thickness surgical wound was created on the dorsum of all animals and allowed to heal for 21 days. The wounds were excised and wound tensile strength was assessed by determining breaking strength and dividing by the breaking-point surface area. Wound tensile strength was significantly lower (p
Quantitation of species on catalyst surfaces

Abstract Methodology for the quantitation of the distribution of oxidation states in reduced catalysts is reviewed. The adopted approach is based on the curve fitting the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA, XPS) envelope using a non-linear least squares curve fitting (NLLSCF) routine. The procedure was applied to the study of the reduction of Mo/TiO 2 and Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The distribution of Mo oxidation states obtained by ESCA was corrobrated by chemical measurements and correlated with catalytic activity. The limitations of the NLLSCF approach are discussed. It is shown that the uncertainties inherent in curve fitting methods can be minimized by the used of factor analysis. This data analysis technique provides an independent estimate of the number, positions, and shapes of components required to describe the Mo 3d envelopes in the reduced catalysts.
Echelle and holographic gratings compared for scattering and spectral resolution

An echelle grating with 316 grooves/mm and a 63° blaze angle is compared with a 3600-groove/mm holographic grating. The scattered light and resolution of the 10- × 20-cm gratings are photoelectrically evaluated in a 3-m spectrometer optimized to eliminate coma and baffled to minimize instrumental scattered light. Both gratings are ghost-free, but the holographic grating has substantially lower scattered light for test lines near 4000 A and yields improved stray light rejection within absorption lines. It also exhibits slightly higher resolution. The throughput of the spectrometer with the holographic grating is about 5 times higher than the equivalent combination of spectrometer, echelle grating, and predisperser.
Universal entanglement transformations without communication

We show that in the presence of finite catalysts, any pure bipartite entangled state can be converted into any other, to unlimited accuracy, without the use of any communication, quantum or classical. We call this process embezzling entanglement because it involves removing a small amount of entanglement from the catalyst in a physically unnoticeable way.
Intestinal obstruction associated with fibrocystic disease of the pancreas.

In a necropsy analysis comprising 26 male and 15 female infants with intestinal obstruction, 18 (44%) were found to have associated fibrocystic disease of the pancreas. The co-occurrence of these two conditions was most frequent when the obstruction was located in the jejunum, ileum or colon and least significant when the duodenum was the site of involvement. Meconium was present in most cases beyond the site of obstruction. Peritonitis was a frequent complication. Pulmonary involvement was common. A significant proportion of our cases showed congenital malformations.
Effect of acute elevation of portal venous pressure on mesenteric blood volume, interstitial fluid volume and hemodynamics.

Measurement of blood flow through the portal vein of the dog revealed a reduction of flow and an increase in vascular resistance of the mesenteric bed in proportion to the elevation of portal venous pressure. To obtain further information on this mechanism, studies were performed on segments of terminal ileum with continuous measurement of both weight and flow. These studies demonstrated that the increase of vascular resistance was not dependent upon extrinsic or adrenergic innervation, and did not appear to be secondary to interstitial fluid formation. It is suggested that the response in this bed is due to a local reflex to a myogenic reaction of the resistance vessels to increased transmural pressure.
Boolean duals of virtual groups

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to formulate the notion of virtual group and that of a homomorphism between two in such a way that no null sets are involved. That is, we replace the point set by the measure algebra of Borel sets modulo null sets, and the various functions involved must be described by objects associated to these measure algebras, such as σ-homomorphisms. In the process it is necessary to redefine functions satisfying algebraic identities almost everywhere to get new ones satisfying the identities in a stricter sense. Similar refinements on quasiinvariance of measures are also required.
Peripheral dopamine receptors: A classification based on potency series and specific antagonism

Abstract In this paper evidence is presented, based on the order of potency of agonists and specificity of antagonists, for the existence of two subtypes of dopamine receptors in the periphery. This classification may provide a basis for clearing up the confusion which prevails in this area resulting from the multiplicity of schemes and variety of terminology used for dopamine receptors on the basis of binding assays, biochemical or anatomical criteria, or on the type of response (excitatory or inhibitory).
Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionation of Interstellar Nitriles

In light of recent measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in CN and HCN in several comets, and the correlation between 15N excess and the presence of nitrile (-CN) functional groups in meteoritic samples, we have reassessed the potential of interstellar chemistry to directly fractionate nitriles. We focus in particular on the 15N chemistry in selective depletion cores where O-bearing molecules are depleted yet N- and C-bearing species remain in the gas, as revealed by the recent detection of CN in dense CO-depleted cores. We show that large HC15N/HC14N ratios can be generated if the reaction of CN with N has a barrier, and suggest that cometary HCN and CN may trace material originally formed in dense interstellar clouds.
Notes from the epistemological corner : the role of projection in the creation of social knowledge

Il est indispensable, pour la validite des resultats en sciences sociales, de prendre en compte le processus de projection dans la creation de la connaissance sociale
‘Stay queer!’‘Never fear!’: building queer social networks

In this paper, I present evidence in support of the hypothesis that gay men and lesbians may use similar linguistics strategies in order to build and maintain queer social networks. Such social networks rely on an assumption of shared queerness that goes beyond gender-exclusive groups. The primary strategies discussed here are the incorporation of cultural understandings that are assumed to be shared, the appropriation of gender stereotypes for humorous effect, the use of covert communication strategies, and the use of co-narration. Taken together, these strategies help index both unique social networks as well as a broader sense of queer community.
Comparison of membrane proteins of Burkitt's lymphoma and EBV-transformed B lymphoblast cell lines and of Con A-activated T lymphocytes and T lymphoblast cell lines.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of membrane proteins of several B and T lymphoblast cell lines and activated normal T lymphocytes using SDS gel electrophoresis of [ 35 S]methionine metabolically labeled cells. In part, we hoped to test the hypothesis that human lymphocytic malignancies are “frozen” representatives of various stages in the differentiation paths of normal lymphoid cells. The membrane protein patterns of Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines were very similar to each other and to those of EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines from healthy persons. The American Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Ramos lacked p29, 34 (HLA-DR) antigen, as was confirmed with immunoprecipitation studies of this complex and of p44, 12 (HLA-A, and -B antigens and β 2 -microglobulin) from each of the cell lines. Heterogeneity in the electrophoretic mobility of HLA-DR antigen was apparent, reflecting size or charge variations. Small degrees of membrane protein heterogeneity among the T lymphoblast cultured cell lines was also evident. Proteins of mol. wt 90,000, 75,000, 18,000 and 16,000 were more heavily labeled on some cell lines than on others. This heterogeneity is consistent with the hypothesis that these tumors might be derived from cells of varying maturational stages or from different subsets of T lymphocytes. In contrast to the T lymphoblast lines, Con A-activated T lymphocytes on each successive day of stimulation expressed dramatically different membrane proteins. Proteins of mol. wt 30,000 and 36,000 were found on day 2 cells; mol. wt 55,000 proteins were dominant on days 1, 2 and 3; a group of proteins of mol. wt about 120,000 was present on cells surviving a lytic process on day 4. Although many proteins were shared between Con A blasts and cultured T cell lines, the absence from the cultured lines of proteins which were dominantly synthesized by mitogen-activated lymphoblasts was consistent with the view that long-term cultured lymphoblasts represent a more primitive, undifferentiated, immature T-cell population, while the changes seen with Con A activation represent metabolically controlled changes consequent to activation of one or more subsets of mature T cells. While many proteins were shared among membrane proteins of T lymphoid tumors and mitogen-activated, normal T lymphocytes, the differences were so striking that simple parallelisms between these lymphoid tumors and activated sets of normal lymphocytes could not be proposed.
The Extent and Trends of Raiding Among American Unions

I. Introduction, 145. — II. Number of elections, 148. — III. Voters involved, 149. — IV. Conclusions, 152.
HPLC Determination of Caffeine and Theobromine Content of Various Natural and Red Dutched Cocoas

Eighteen randomly selected cocoa samples were analyzed in duplicate by HPLC for caffeine and theobromine. The relative standard deviation for the method was determined to be 1.55%. The mean ± S.D. of the theobromine plus caffeine content (moisture free basis) was 2.85 ± 0.08% with a 90% confidence interval of 2.72–2.98% for red Dutched cocoa. The total ± SD. for natural cocoas was 2.82 + 0.16% with a 90% confidence interval of 2.56–3.08%.
Language-Independent Conceptual "Bugs" in Novice Programming

This article argues for the existence of persistent conceptual “bugs” in how novices program and understand programs. These bugs are not specific to a given programming language, but appear to be language-independent. Furthermore, such bugs occur for novices from primary school to college age. Three different classes of bugs—parallelism, intentionality, and egocentrism—are identified, and exemplified through student errors. It is suggested that these classes of conceptual bugs are rooted in a “superbug,” the default strategy that there is a hidden mind somewhere in the programming language that has intelligent interpretive powers.
Optimal Rebuilding of a Metapopulation

A contentious issue in recent fisheries management debates has been how to rebuild overfished marine fish stocks. We investigate the economic and ecological nature of rebuilding plans in a metapopulation system. We find “most rapid approach paths” for system-wide recovery that differ from prototypical paths that might be chosen when populations are assumed independent. For example, moratoria in some patches may be extended in order to speed the recovery of other patches in the system. We also investigate the costs of second-best policies that depend on the degree of spatial heterogeneity, the nature of the linkages, and the dispersal rates.
Functional anatomy of human scalene musculature: rotation of the cervical spine.

Abstract Objectives Actions of the scalene muscles include flexion and lateral flexion of the cervical spine and elevation of the first and second ribs. The cervical rotational qualities of the scalene muscles remain unclear. Textbooks and recent studies report contradictory findings with respect to the cervical rotational properties of the scalene muscles. The present study was designed to take a mechanical approach to determining whether the scalene muscles produce rotation of the cervical spine. Methods The scalene muscles were isolated, removed, and replaced by a durable suture material. The suture material was attached at the origin and then passed through a hole on the corresponding rib near the central point of the insertion. The suture material was pulled down through the corresponding costal insertion hole to simulate contraction of each muscle. Results The simulated anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles, working independently and jointly, produced ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine. The upper cervical spine rotated in the ipsilateral direction in response to the simulated muscle contraction. Findings were similar for the lower cervical spine with the exception of 2 specimens, which rotated contralaterally in response to the simulation. Conclusion Experimental models of the scalene muscles are capable of producing ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine. The findings of this study support the accepted main actions of the scalene muscles. The clinical applications for understanding the cervical rotational properties of the scalene muscles include the diagnosis, management, and treatment of cervical pain conditions as well as thoracic outlet syndrome.
DC and flicker noise models for passivated single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

DC and intrinsic low frequency noise properties of p-channel depletion-mode single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs) are investigated. To characterize the intrinsic noise properties a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO 2 gate dielectric which also works as a passivation layer is used to isolate SWCNT-FETs from environmental factors. The SWCNT-FET devices (a prototypical device with 1 CNT is shown in Fig. 1) are fabricated on Si substrate with a 300nm SiO 2 thermal oxide. Iron catalyst patterns are defined by UV photolithography with a 10µm spacing and subsequent iron deposition and lift-off. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are then synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane on the substrate coated with patterned Iron catalyst. Source and drain contacts separated by 3µm are formed by electron beam deposition of Pd metal. A 20nm high-k HfO 2 film is deposited using ASM Micro-chemistry F-120 ALCVD™ Reactor at 300°C by using precursor of HfCl 4 and H 2 O. Top Gate metal is defined by UV photolithography followed by the deposition of Cr/Au (10/50nm) with a minimum gate length of 1.5 µm. Cr/Au (20/450nm) metal interconnects are finally deposited on top of the source and drain Pd contacts. Fig. 2 shows transfer characteristics (I d -V sg ) of a SWCNT-FET with 1.5µm gate-length and 3µm source-drain separation measured in the ambient environment when V sg is swept from −1.5V to 1V and back to −1.5V. Virtually no hysteresis is observed in the IV characteristics of this device. Figure 3 shows I d -V sd characteristics of the same device with a maximum on current of 14µA and a maximum transconductance of 6µS at a drain bias of V sd = 1.5V and gate bias of V sg = −0.75V. A drain resistance (R) of 120kΩ due to schottky barrier at the drain contact was extracted from IV curves. Drain current in the linear region was modeled according to I d = μ eff C g (V sg +V t )V sd / (L+Rμ eff C g (V sg +V t where C g = 2πe 0 e / cosh−1(1+h/ r) ∼ 28af / nm presuming a cylindrical tube model is the gate capacitance per unit length per number of CNTs in the device structure, L is the gate length, e r = 15 is the effective dielectric constant of HfO 2 , r = 0.5∼2nm is the radius of CNT, h = 20nm is the gate oxide thickness and μ eff is the effective field-effect mobility of holes in SWCNT channel. In the current saturation regime where V sd ≥ V sg +V t +RI d , SWCNT-FET has a semi-ballistic transport with a drain current modeled as I d = K(V sg +V t )3/2(1+λV sd , with effective transconductance K = 1.7×10−6 [A/V1.5] and channel length modulation parameter λ = 0.2V−1 are estimated from the measured data. Linear and saturation models are also shown in Fig. 3. Note that the drain resistance R does not influence the current in the saturation regime, but limits it to large source-drain voltages and small effective source-gate voltages V sg + V t .
All-optical generation and detection of subpicosecond ac spin-current pulses in GaAs

Permissions were not obtained for sharing the full text of this article. Full text is available at the American Physical Society and at arXiv. See links in this record.
Fast amplitude modulation of the blue 429-nm output from a frequency-doubled GaAlAs diode laser.

We report on a new method for fast amplitude modulation of blue 429-nm radiation that is produced by frequency doubling of a GaAlAs diode laser in a monolithic KNbO3 resonator. The diode-laser frequency was locked to the resonator by use of the Pound–Drever technique and FM sidebands that were generated by superimposition of an rf current on the diode-laser injection current. We modulated the blue power output by controlling the amplitude of this rf current, which controls the FM spectrum of the diode laser and thus the fraction of the diode-laser power that is coupled to the frequency-doubling resonator. Using this technique, we have produced blue pulses of 40-mW peak power with rise and fall times of 5 ns and pulse durations as short as 10 ns. Nonperiodic pulse sequences produced with this technique were used to write data on magneto-optical disks.
Bio-Inspired Antifouling Strategies

Biofouling is a complex, dynamic problem that globally impacts both the economy and environment. Interdisciplinary research in marine biology, polymer science, and engineering has led to the implementation of bio-inspired strategies for the development of the next generation of antifouling marine coatings. Natural fouling defense mechanisms have been mimicked through chemical, physical, and/or stimuli-responsive strategies. This review outlines the detrimental effects associated with biofouling, describes the theoretical basis for antifouling coating design, and highlights prominent advances in bio-inspired antifouling technologies.
Fluid‐particle drag in low‐Reynolds‐number polydisperse gas–solid suspensions

Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of low-Reynolds-number fluid flow in bidisperse fixed beds and suspensions with particle–particle relative motions have been performed. The particles are spherical and are intimately mixed. The total volume fraction of the suspension was varied between 0.1 and 0.4, the volume fraction ratio /1//2 from 1:1 to 1:6, and the particle size ratio d1/d2 from 1:1.5 to 1:4. A drag law with improved accuracy has been established for bidisperse fixed beds. For suspensions with particle– particle relative motions, the hydrodynamic particle–particle drag representing the momentum transfer between particle species through hydrodynamic interaction is found to be an important contribution to the net fluid-particle drag. It has a logarithmic dependence on the lubrication cutoff distance and can be fit as the harmonic mean of the drag forces in bidisperse fixed beds. The proposed drag laws for bidisperse fixed beds and suspensions are generalized to polydisperse suspensions with three or more particle species. V C 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 55: 1352–1368, 2009
Treatment of conduct disorder: Progress and directions in psychotherapy research

The present paper charts the course for future research on the treatment of conduct disorder. The course builds on current advances both in understanding conduct disorder and its treatment and in the clinical care provided to youth and their families. The paper highlights substantive and methodological advances in contemporary research on both treatment and developmental psychopathology more generally. In light of the current status of treatment research, several priorities are identified, which include expanding the criteria used to evaluate outcome, expanding the range of research questions asked about treatment, testing a broader range of treatments and treatment combinations, evaluating long-term treatment effects, and expanding the models to develop and to evaluate treatment. A plan is presented to guide the progression of research to identify and to develop effective interventions. The special opportunities that a developmental perspective provides for designing treatments for youth of different ages and stages of development are also discussed.
MODE OF ACTION OF PROGESTERONE IN THE BLOCKADE OF GONADOTROPIN SURGES IN THE RHESUS MONKEY

The action of progesterone (P) to block estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges in the rhesus monkey requires an intact hypothalamus. The present study was performed to determine whether the blocking action of P is the result of an inhibition in hypothalamic GnRH secretion or of some other mechanism. Ovulatory menstrual cycles were initiated in acyclic rhesus monkeys with intact nervous systems by a pulsatile GnRH replacement regimen previously shown to be effective in sustaining normal ovarian cycles in monkeys with hypothalamic lesions. Whereas unambiguous surges of LH and FSH were elicited by estradiol benzoate during the follicular phase of these cycles, no such gonadotropin discharges were obtained in the presence of luteal phase levels of P generated by sc P-containing Silastic capsules. Because exogenous GnRH replacement was provided throughout these experiments, it is concluded that P blockade of estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges is not the consequence of an interruption in GnRH release. The results suggest, rather, that P may cause the production of an inhibitory factor from the central nervous system which blocks the positive feedback action of estradiol on the pituitary gland.
Post-IPO Flipping and Turnover: Predictive Factors for Long-Run Returns

I show that, consistent with Krigman, Shaw, and Womack's (1999) findings on flipping activity, one-year IPO returns are predicted by first-day flipping activity. That is, when block flipping is low, returns are high. I extend their flipping methodology to incorporate the information through the end of the quiet period (25 calendar days after the IPO) and show that flipping during this period is even more informative than the first-day signal. In addition, I find that a higher average relative level of turnover to the end of the quiet period (volume as a percent of shares offered) is significant in predicting higher one-year stock returns beginning after the quiet period. Finally, in examining the time series of flipping from 1993 through 1999, I show that Depository Trust Company's (DTC) IPO tracking system which began in 1997 has had a substantial impact on lowering the amount of subsequent flipping.
Projections of Declining Surface-Water Availability for the Southwestern United States

Under global warming, arid subtropical regions are expected to get drier and expand polewards. This study uses model simulations to examine changes in hydrological parameters for the southwestern United States. The predictions for 2021–2040 show declines in surface-water availability, resulting in reduced soil moisture and runoff. Global warming driven by rising greenhouse-gas concentrations is expected to cause wet regions of the tropics and mid to high latitudes to get wetter and subtropical dry regions to get drier and expand polewards1,2,3,4. Over southwest North America, models project a steady drop in precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P−E, the net flux of water at the land surface5,6,7, leading to, for example, a decline in Colorado River flow8,9,10,11. This would cause widespread and important social and ecological consequences12,13,14. Here, using new simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five, to be assessed in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report Five, we extend previous work by examining changes in P, E, runoff and soil moisture by season and for three different water resource regions. Focusing on the near future, 2021–2040, the new simulations project declines in surface-water availability across the southwest that translate into reduced soil moisture and runoff in California and Nevada, the Colorado River headwaters and Texas.
Descriptive epidemiological study of equine laminitis

A descriptive and matched case-control study of laminitis was conducted in 7 private practices and at the Texas Veterinary Medical Centre (TVMC) between May 1992 and July 1993. Out of 108 horses with laminitis, 19 acute (49%) and 20 chronic (51%) cases were seen in private practice and 16 acute (23%) and 53 (77%) cases at the TVMC. Gastrointestinal disease was the most common problem in 19/35 horses (54%), occurring just prior to the onset of acute laminitis in all hospitals. Among all horses in the study, most commonly used drugs were phenylbutazone (68%), acepromazine (34%), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (27%), antibiotics of various types (19%) and flunixin meglumine (19%). Acepromazine, DMSO and flunixin meglumine were used more commonly in acute cases of laminitis compared to chronic cases. In acutely affected horses, DMSO and flunixin meglumine were used significantly more often at the TVMC. In chronic cases, phenylbutazone and antibiotics were used more often in private practice. Shoeing and trimming were more commonly part of the treatment protocol for chronic cases. There were no significant associations between age, breed, sex or weight and the occurrence of acute laminitis. Horses with chronic laminitis were significantly older (P=0.04) and more females tended to be affected (P=0.08).
Stress eating and health. Findings from MIDUS, a national study of US adults ☆

The epidemic of obesity and its related chronic diseases has provoked interest in the predictors of eating behavior. Eating in response to stress has been extensively examined, but currently unclear is whether stress eating is associated with obesity and morbidity. We tested whether self-reported stress eating was associated with worse glucose metabolism among nondiabetic adults as well as with increased odds of prediabetes and diabetes. Further, we investigated whether these relationships were mediated by central fat distribution. Participants were 1138 adults (937 without diabetes) in the Midlife in the US study (MIDUS II). Glucose metabolism was characterized by fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMAIR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), prediabetes, and diabetes status. Multivariate-adjusted analyses showed that stress eating was associated with significantly higher nondiabetic levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c as well as higher odds of prediabetes or diabetes. Relationships between stress eating and all outcomes were no longer statistically significant once waist circumference was added to the models, suggesting that it mediates such relationships. Findings add to the growing literature on the relationships among psychosocial factors, obesity, and chronic disease by documenting associations between stress eating and objectively measured health outcomes in a national sample of adults. The findings have important implications for interventive targets related to obesity and chronic disease, namely, strategies to modify the tendency to use food as a coping response to stress.
Comparison of Charcoal and Attapulgite as Gastrointestinal Sequestrants in Acute Drug Ingestions

(1971). Comparison of Charcoal and Attapulgite as Gastrointestinal Sequestrants in Acute Drug Ingestions. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 31-38.
Influence of pelvic osteotomy on birth canal size

Six pelvic osteotomies (Salter, Sutherland, Steel, Tonnis, Chiari, and periacetabular) were performed on the right hemipelvis of adult female pelvic plastic models. Each pelvis underwent conventional X-ray and computed tomographic digital pelvimetry before and after osteotomy. The change in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions at the inlet, midpelvis, and outlet were calculated. None of the osteotomies significantly decreased the inlet. The Salter and Sutherland osteotomies decreased the midpelvis to borderline low. The Salter, Sutherland, and Steel osteotomies significantly decreased the pelvic outlet. These changes correlated closely with those in living patients. Much of this decrease is nullified when the osteotomy is performed prior to the pubertal growth spurt.
Fixation or inspiration? A meta-analytic review of the role of examples on design processes

A meta-analytical review of design studies (N = 43) was conducted examining whether and under what conditions the presence of examples will induce fixation or inspiration. The analysis revealed that providing examples made individuals generate more example-related and fewer categories of ideas, however, the ideas produced were more novel. Also, the quality of solutions ideas was positively correlated with the degree of copying from examples. The facilitatory effects on novelty and quality increased when fewer and less common examples were presented. Presenting a single and uncommon example may encourage individuals to shift from traversing between different parts of the problem space to conducting a deeper search in a specific and remote domain, facilitating the generation of high-quality and novel ideas.
CAN THE HGM CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL, NON-PEAT FORMING WETLANDS DISTINGUISH WETLANDS FROM SURFACE WATER GEOCHEMISTRY

ABSTRACT We report the results of a detailed 12-month study of 23 freshwater wetlands and one larger synoptic characterization of 55 freshwater wetlands to test whether a hydrogeomorphic (HGM) classification of the wetlands into lotic (attached to streams) and terrene (groundwater fed) classes meaningfully discriminated wetland surface water chemical composition in the mountainous Catskill-Delaware watersheds of southeastern New York State. Most of these hillslope wetlands are underlain by thin, largely siliceous mineral soils and have minimal peat cover. Nonparametric one-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) tests based on measurements of SC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, DOC, TDN, TDS, Si, SO42−, pH, DO, K+, Cl−, NH4+, NO3−, TDP, and HCO3− failed to reject the null hypothesis that the surface water chemistry of lotic and terrene wetlands was identical. Results of the statistical tests showed that the only significantly different chemical species in surface waters from the two HGM landscape classifications were SC, Na+, and Cl...
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Vein Access for Placement of Broviac Catheters in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Series of 3 Successful Cases

As medical and surgical interventions to support premature infants have evolved, the need for long-term vascular access in extremely low birth weight infants has increased. The classic approach to Broviac(®) (C.R. Bard, Covington, GA) catheter placement in very small neonates has been through an open surgical cutdown technique. Ultrasound guidance has emerged as a potentially beneficial method for obtaining central venous access in children and is being applied to smaller and smaller infants. This case series reports the feasibility of using ultrasound-guided percutaneous vein access to obtain a long-term central venous line in three extremely low birth weight infants who all weighed less than 850 g at the time of line placement.
Socially responsible investing: a review of the critical issues

– The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the most recent work in major finance journals on socially responsible investment (SRI). While SRI involves individual investors, firms, and investment managers, the authors concentrate primarily on the investment view. , – The authors briefly review the development of socially responsible investing (SRI) and the theoretical issues related to SRI and investment choice. This is followed by a review of the empirical results concerning firm value. The question of whether SR mutual funds and SR indexes differ in performance or other characteristics from their conventional counterparts is discussed next, and lastly the authors present suggestions for future research directions. , – Despite the large and extensive amount of empirical research published on SRI in recent years, the authors find no definitive answer to the question of SR actions for either the firm or the investor. For firms, evidence linking corporate social responsibility (CSR) rankings with higher value is mixed, and depends on the type of CSR behavior studied as well as the measures of firm performance used. The performance of SR mutual funds and indexes generally are not significantly different from conventional funds or indexes, but again these results are also highly dependent on model specification, time period, benchmark, and other characteristics of the study. , – The value of SR investing has not been definitely proved. This means, however, that there is room for further on this important topic. , – This paper synthesizes and presents the most recent research on SRI from a wide variety of refereed sources.
What's Your Ethics Score?

This exercise is designed to raise students' awareness of the relationship between ethics and business. The "quiz" of 10 questions will elicit a variety of ethics-related issues for class discussion.
Spatial and Temporal Displacement

Seemingly solo works of possible architectural significance frequently turn out to be the result of a productive collaboration. Such is the case with this particular presentation: two professors at...
Gut microbiota amplifies host-intrinsic conversion from the CD8 T cell lineage to CD4 T cells for induction of mucosal immune tolerance.

Microbiota has been shown to promote tolerogenic differentiation of T lymphocytes. It remains unclear to what extent microbiota triggers de novo re-programming or amplify pre-existing plasticity in...
For the Sake of Inquiry and Knowledge — The Inevitability of Open Access

Many stakeholders in the scholarly communication system have cause to seek broader access to information and are experimenting with more open, Internet-based alternatives to traditional publishing. Although the transition won't be easy or inexpensive, it is inevitable.
Modeling of Non-Thermal Plasma Ignition of Combustion Mixtures

We present a computational simulation study of non-equilibrium streamer discharges for in combustible fuel-air mixtures for combustion applications. The study was performed using a self-consistent, twotemperature plasma model with finite-rate plasma chemical kinetics. Positive high voltage pulses of order tens of kV and duration of tens of nanoseconds were applied to a powered electrode which resulted in the formation and propagation of a cathode-directed streamer. The resulting spatial and temporal production of active radical species such as O, H, and singlet delta oxygen is quantified. Two cases of interest were considered: a dielectric barrier discharge case in a low pressure mixture of oxygen-hydrogen and a pin-toplane discharge case in a high pressure lean mixture of air-methane. The first case is typical of conditions that might be encountered at high altitudes in a ramjet engine while the second case is similar to the conditions encountered in an internal combustion engine.
Transovarian transmission of neutralizing substances to western equine and St. Louis encephalitis viruses by avian hosts.

interpreting the significance of the distribution of neutralizing antibodies to these viruses observed in birds of different ages in epidemiologic field surveys. It is also of significance in understanding the role young birds might play as hosts to these viruses. Field observations and their implications, together with published data,2 have led to the following additional laboratory and field studies in a different area and with other avian species. Since a dove colony was abailable at the Encephalitis Field Station in Kern County, California, it seemed appropriate to determine if substances protective against WEE and SLE viruses were
Lot-to-lot variation in dissolution of tolbutamide tablets

The dissolution characteristics of tolbutamide tablets made by two manufacturers were compared. Six tablets selected from six lots of each manufacturer were subjected to the USP rotating-basket and paddle-stirrer dissolution tests. Samples were drawn after 10, 20, 30, and 45 minutes for the rotating-basket test and after 10, 20, and 30 minutes for the paddle-stirrer test. Drug concentrations of the dissolution samples were measured by ultraviolet spectroscopy or high-pressure liquid chromatography. All lots passed the disintegration, assay, content uniformity, and tablet weight variation tests; however, there was considerable interlot and intralot variation in the dissolution characteristics of the tablets. The range of interlot differences in the average amount of tolbutamide dissolved using the rotating-basket test was 55.6% for one manufacturer's product and less than 1% for the other's. The ranges were 40.5% and 2.4%, respectively, using the paddle-stirrer test. Similar differences for intralot variation between the two manufacturers' products also existed. Constant patient monitoring appears prudent when products with highly variable dissolution characteristics are used. It is recommended that, for a given patient, the chosen brand of tolbutamide not be changed without careful evaluation.
Abstract A40: CD30: A therapeutic target of MYC-driven cancer

The MYC oncogene induces a multitude of human malignancies and has been well characterized as a critical driver of select lymphoma subtypes. In MYC-amplified tumor progression, there is a robust dependence on MYC activity; however, strategies developed to modulate MYC function in cancer have yielded little success. Patients harboring these MYC-driven tumors would benefit from a directed therapy that circumvents explicit molecular targeting of MYC expression. Our preliminary data from an unbiased expression-profiling screen identified CD30 as a primary downstream target of the MYC oncoprotein. CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and resides on the extracellular membrane; it is highly expressed in many lymphomas while acutely restricted in normal cells. Within the last few decades, CD30 has emerged as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of many lymphoproliferative disorders and diseases. The biological function of CD30 is pleiotropic: CD30 stimulation is reportedly linked to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and proliferation through activation of the pro-survival transcription factor, NF-kB. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate CD30 expression remain unclear. CD30-driven oncogenic pathways phenocopy those initiated by MYC, suggesting CD309s potential status as an effector of MYC-driven tumorigenic events. Here we report that CD30 is regulated at the transcriptional level by MYC. Through a genetic and biochemical approach, we define CD30 induction in a MYC-dependent manner across a variety of human cell lines of both lymphomagenic and non-lymphomagenic origin. Furthermore, in a murine lymphoma model where tumor formation is driven by a conditional allele of MYC, CD30 transcript levels are tightly correlated with MYC activity. Ultimately, CD30 induction offers a novel therapeutic avenue by which to target MYC-driven oncogenesis and has the potential to reshape detection and treatment of MYC-regulated cancer. Citation Format: Victoria Gennaro, Xiao-yong Zhang, Lauren DeSalle, Duonan Yu, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko, Steven McMahon. CD30: A therapeutic target of MYC-driven cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
Optimization: A stereographic projection method for tests of equal mean direction in R n

Statistical tests involving mean directions have in the past been limited to 2 and 3 dimensional settings, perhaps due to their primary applications to such fields as geology, meteorology, and related earth sciences. In the study of interactive multicriteria optimization, it is necessary to compare gradient directions obtained from decision makers by various methods. Quite often direction vectors are in a higher dimensional space. This paper provides a general procedure, based on Householder transformations, which is suitable for any finite dimension.
Stability of network communities as a function of task complexity

The analysis of the community architecture in functional brain networks has revealed important relations between specific behavioral patterns and characteristic features of the associated functional organization. Numerous studies have assessed changes in functional communities during different states of awareness, learning, information processing, and various behavioral patterns. The robustness of detected communities within a network has been an often-discussed topic in complex systems research. However, our knowledge regarding the intersubject stability of functional communities in the human brain while performing different tasks is still lacking. In this study, we examined the variability of functional communities in weighted undirected graphs based on fMRI recordings of healthy participants across three conditions: the resting state, syllable production as a simple vocal motor task, and meaningful speech production representing a complex behavioral pattern with cognitive involvement. On the basis of the constructed empirical networks, we simulated a large cohort of artificial graphs and performed a leave-one-out stability analysis to assess the sensitivity of communities in the group-averaged networks with respect to perturbations in the averaging cohort. We found that the stability of partitions derived from group-averaged networks depended on task complexity. The determined community architecture in mean networks reflected within-behavior network stability and between-behavior flexibility of the human functional connectome. The sensitivity of functional communities increased from rest to syllable production to speaking, which suggests that the approximation quality of the community structure in the average network to reflect individual per-participant partitions depends on task complexity.