cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benthamite Radicalism and its Scots Presbyterian Contexts

This article argues that James Mill's immersion in Presbyterianism inspired an aversion to hierarchical government and a bias in favour of the Church of Scotland. These views are discernible in Bentham's Church-of-Englandism. Bentham argued for disestablishment on principle but, praising the Scottish Church as a ‘model of perfection’, omitted the Kirk from his church reform manifesto. His position on disestablishment, however, and his endorsement of Presbyterianism were aligned with a voluntaryist strain of Presbyterian ecclesiological theory; Presbyterian dissenters and Benthamite Radicals began to protest against the Kirk's established status. Underpinned significantly by Presbyterian tradition and laced with Benthamic influence, a radical voluntary campaign emerged in Scotland which sought to dismantle the old order and usher in a new era of political democracy and religious voluntaryism. Radicalism in Scotland was not solely characterized by the ‘programmatic atheism’ which J. C. D. Clark believes defined Benthamite ideology; Benthamism, it transpires, was not straightforwardly secularist.
Energetic particle injections in the inner magnetosphere as a response to an interplanetary shock

Abstract The response of the magnetosphere to interplanetary shocks or pressure pulses can result in sudden injections of energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere. On August 26, 1998, an interplanetary shock caused two injections of energetic particles in close succession: one directly from the dayside and the other indirectly from the nightside associated with a sudden magnetic field enhancement induced by the shock's effect on the magnetotail. The latter injection was different from a typical substorm injection in that the nightside magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit enhanced almost simultaneously over a wide range of local times within 10 min after the arrival of the shock. Available observations and our simulations show that like the dayside, the nightside magnetosphere can also inject energetic particles into the inner magnetosphere from a wide local time region in response to a shock impact. The nightside particle injection was due to changes in magnetic and electric fields over a large region of space and thus shows that the magnetic and electric fields in the magnetotail can respond globally to the shock impact.
Approval and Disapproval: Infant Responsiveness to Vocal Affect in Familiar and Unfamiliar Languages

In a series of 5 auditory preference experiments, 120 5-month-old infants were presented with Approval and Prohibition vocalizations in infant-directed (ID) and adult-directed (AD) English, and in ID speech in nonsense English and 3 unfamiliar languages, German, Italian, and Japanese. Dependent measures were looking-time to the side of stimulus presentation, and positive and negative facial affect. No consistent differences in looking-time were found. However, infants showed small but significant differences in facial affect in response to ID vocalizations in every language except Japanese. Infants smiled more to Approvals, and when they showed negative affect, it was more likely to occur in response to Prohibitions. Infants did not show differential affect in response to Approvals and Prohibitions in AD speech. The results indicate that young infants can discriminate affective vocal expressions in ID speech in several languages and that ID speech is more effective than AD speech in eliciting infant affect.
An Experimental Investigation on Flow Boiling of Ethylene-Glycol/ Water Mixtures

Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are used in cooling the engines in automotive applications. To avoid the two-phase flow in the engine, the mixture is subcooled in the radiator before entering the engine block. Heat transfer is therefore essentially under subcooled flow boiling conditions. Very little information is available in the literature on the subcooled flow boiling characteristics of this mixture, and there is no predictive method established in this region. The present work focuses on obtaining experimental heat transfer data for mixtures of ethylene-glycol (0 to 40 percent mass fraction, limited by the maximum allowable temperature in the present setup) and water in subcooled flow boiling region. The experimental setup is designed to obtain local heat transfer coefficient values over a small circular aluminum heater surface, 9.5-mm in diameter, placed at the bottom wall of a rectangular channel 3mm x 40-mm in cross-section. The applicability of the available model for subcooled flow boiling of pure liquids to the mixtures is examined. NOMENCLATURE ” Bo - Boiling number = q I G i,fg cP,r - specific heat of liquid, J/kgK D12 - diffusion coefficient of 1 (ethylene glycol) in 2 (water) Dh - hydraulic diameter of the flow channel, m Fn - Mass diffusion induced suppression factor, eq. (4) Fo - fluid surface parameter in Kandlikar (1990) correlation G - mass flux, kg/m’s i, - latent heat of vaporization, J/kg 4” - heat flux, W/m2 Re - Reynolds number, pVD&t T - temperature, K V - flow velocity, m/s Vt - Volatility parameter, defined by Kandlikar (1998c), eq. (3) xt - liquid mass fraction of ethylene glycol in aqueous solution yt - vapor mass fraction of ethylene glycol in aqueous solution
An isolated bi-directional high-frequency-AC link DC-AC converter using hybrid SiC switches with carrier-based unipolar modulation technique

A novel isolated bi-directional soft-switched high-frequency-AC (HFAC) link DC-AC converter using SiC MOSFET and IGBT hybrid switches is presented in this paper. The DC-AC converter is composed of a full-bridge (FB) inverter cascaded with a cycloconverter through a high-frequency transformer. In order to increase the converter efficiency, and to push the transformer frequency to 50–100 kHz, SiC MOSFETs are preferable devices compared to the traditional IGBTs or SCRs. A unipolar-SPWM-oriented modulation technique is proposed to realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for FB and zero-current-switching (ZCS) for cycloconverter, and to suppress the voltage spikes introduced by the transformer leakage inductance as well. With the novel modulation technique, half of the AC switches in the cycloconverter work under transformer frequency and the rest work at line frequency (60 Hz). Therefore a SiC-IGBT hybrid switch structure is proposed for the cycloconverter. Simulation model and a 400 VDC to 240 VAC, 3 kW prototype have been developed to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed unipolar soft-switching modulation technique and the hybrid switch structure.
Diabetes and Heart Failure: The Role of Thiazolidinediones in Managing These Partners in Crime

Over 30 years ago, data from the Framingham cohort established a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) ([1][1]). Most HF trials have since shown a 25% to 35% prevalence of DM in HF populations. Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased mortality and hospital readmission
Smudge Pits and Stone “Drills”: The Use of Chipped Stone Tools at Burrell Orchard

Recent investigations by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH) identified an extensive Late Archaic occupation at Burrell Orchard (33LN15), located on a promontory overlooking the Black River in northern Ohio. CMNH excavations have documented widespread midden deposits, prepared clay floors, post molds, and pit features including numerous smudge pits. The formal chipped stone tool assemblage is dominated by lanceolate projectile points and bifacial “drills.” High-powered lithic microwear analysis was performed on 28 formal chipped stone tools recovered from the 2008 and 2014 CMNH field seasons. Tool types examined included complete and fragmentary lanceolate points, drills, and other bifaces. The results indicate that many “drills” were actually used to perforate dry hide and, thus, may have held a unique place in the hide-processing activities conducted at the site.
Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Tetrakis(η3-phenylpropargyl)zirconium†

Tetrakis(η3-phenylpropargyl)zirconium (3) was synthesized from ZrCl4 and (phenylpropargyl)magnesium bromide. The crystallographically determined structure of 3 exhibits D2d symmetry, consistent with the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The electronic structure of 3 was analyzed using DFT calculations, and a HOMO−LUMO gap of 5.3 eV was calculated. The η3 coordination of the propargyl ligands and steric hindrance around the Zr center prevent the coordination of additional ligands, resulting in a homoleptic complex.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome and associated hirsutism in the adolescent

Abstract There is a rising interest in diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome in the adolescent. Menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, and acne associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome is of major concern to the adolescent female. It has also been suggested that proper diagnosis and treatment in the adolescent may prevent the development or progression into the classical adult polycystic ovarian syndrome. Despite this interest and the fact that the condition has been known for over 85 years, the etiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome remains uncertain. This review addresses the special concerns and problems of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents. Androgen and hair follicle physiology are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the various possible etiologies of polycystic ovarian syndrome as well as the associated hyperprolactinemia and hyperinsulinemia that is often seen. Careful consideration is also given to diagnosis and treatment, again with the special problems of the adolescent in mind.
Metal casts showing the three-dimensional structure of the human inner ear were converted into jewelry.

AbstractThis article describes a straightforward method for making metal casts of the human inner ear developed in 1937 by M. Wharton Young of Howard University College of Medicine. These casts were used to study anatomy, but there do not appear to be any published photographs of the casts. Inner ea
Variance Partitioning and Effects of Sex and Age on Morphometric Traits in Randombred House Mice

The effects of sex, age, sex by age interactions, and error were estimated from (unbalanced) two-way analyses of variance for 18 morphometric traits in 1-, 3-, and 5-month-old randombred house mice. Variance component estimates generally were higher for sex and age (and lower for error) than were estimates from contributions of sums of squares (SSQ) to the total SSQ, but both sets of values were congruent over all characters. Average variance component estimates due to sex, age, interaction, and error, respectively, were 6, 80, 1, and 13% for all three age groups (population A), but 33, 12, 0, and 55% for only the 3- and 5-month-old individuals (population B). The variance components showed significant heterogeneity among the characters for all categories except the age by sex interaction, obturator foramen length exhibiting the greatest sexual dimorphism, femur length the greatest age contributions. The variance component technique was considered preferable to the SSQ approach to variance partitioning, primarily because the SSQ contributions vary with different cell numbers and/or sizes. Estimation of fixed effects such as sex should be done by treating them as random in a variance components analysis rather than by subtraction of all other effects from the total variance.
Global notes: the tale of two giants – China and India

The two giant nations India and China are the emerging powers of the 21st century. There is a debate as to which of the two will edge ahead. This article compares the gains made by the two nations in economics, technology and human development.
An introduction to basic pharmacokinetics.

The terms pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in regards to immunosuppression are used loosely and often misunderstood. Moreover, the principles of mathematics surrounding these concepts are often overlooked or not always applied both in clinical trials and in practice. This review is in
Heat Capacity of Superconducting Materials

Heat capacity as a technique for exploring the fundamental physical properties, as well as the more materials-oriented properties, of superconductors is discussed. From such measurements can be obtained the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy, the Debye temperature, an approximation for the superconducting energy gap, the electron-phonon coupling strength, the thermodynamic critical field, the approximate percentage of the sample that superconducts and at what temperature, and an idea of the lattice order. Data for A-15 Nb3Ge, V3Si, and Nb3Si are used as examples in the discussion.
GIS-Based Determination of Landscape Scale for Forest Studies in Jingning County,Gansu Province

Based on the SPOT image in study area in year 2005 and current 1︰10 000 forest diagram of the studied area,we used ArcGIS 9.2 software to construct classification diagrams of landscape based on forest classification system,we then transformed these into raster images with raster unit.In order to explore the relationship between landscape indices and scale,we used a Fragstats program to calculate every landscape index,then calculating every type of landscape index of original vector layer diagrams with Excel.After comparing the indices of raster image,we obtained the best fitted raster scale,which was 50 m.
Zur Frage der Frühoperation der akuten Pankreatitis

Die an akuter Pankreatitis verstorbenen Falle aus den Jahren 1958–1963 werden kritisch gesichtet und dabei zur Diskussion gestellt, ob mit der fruhzeitigen “Dekompression” der Gallenwege ein besseres Resultat erzielt worden ware. Es ergibt sich daraus, das eine Fruhoperation, wie sie vonGlenn undFrey postuliert wird, keine Verbesserung der Ergebnisse erwarten last. Die primar konservative Behandlung der akuten Entzundung hat nach wie vor ihre volle Berechtigung.
Network Reconfiguration Based on Basic Ring Matrix and Improved Harmony Search Algorithm

Avoiding infeasible solutions is essential for fast reconstruction of a distribution network.A coding method without infeasible solutions is put forward by automatically generating the basic ring matrix,and an improved harmony search algorithm is used for solving the networks reconfiguration mathematical model.In order to make full use of the information in the harmony memory bank,the considering probability and trimming probability of the harmony memory bank are improved by imitating the fuzzy clustering method,so both probabilities can adaptively vary with the variation of particle information of the memory bank.Results of simulation on 33-node and 119-node networks show that the improved harmony algorithm has a faster optimization and a better convergence.The validity of this algorithm is also proved by the results.
Evaluation of Soil and Foliar Applications of Insecticides for the Control of Flea Beetle in Cranberry, 2014

In the summer of 2015, we conducted an experiment to assess the efficacy of an early foliar application of insecticides currently labeled for use in cranberry (Altacor, Assail, Actara, Belay, Diazinon, Imidan, and Lorsban) and insecticides not currently labeled on cranberry (Bifenthrin, Closer, a diamide, Exirel, Movento, and Venom) on cranberry flea beetle. This experiment was conducted in a 4-year-old cranberry planting on a commercial farm near Oakdale, Wisconsin. The trial consisted …
Directory of Soviet Scientists Engaged in Psychological and Psychophysiological Research

For purposes of space, and because the International Congress deals primarily with problems of psychology and psychophysiology, we have not included in this listing scientists engaged in purely psychiatric research. (Such a listing will appear in the next issue of this Journal.) The list includes all authors of relevant articles published in 1964 and 1965 in the journals Voprosy psikhologii (designated as V), Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel'nosti im. I. P. Pavlova (P), and Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii im. S. S. Korsakova (K), and in all past issues of Soviet Psychology and Psychiatry (S) (1962-1965). Also included are authors of relevant books published in the period 1962-1965. The list has been augmented by information provided by members of the Advisory Board of this Journal, and by the trip reports listed in "Reviews in English of Recent Soviet Psychology: A Bibliography" (this issue). As we stated in regard to the Directory of Institutions, above, no doubt this compendium contains gaps and ina...
Solitary colon metastasis from renal cell carcinoma nine years after nephrectomy: A case report.

Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy in adults. Metastatic disease is relatively common at presentation and frequently involves the lung, bone, brain, liver and adrenal glands. After curative resection, there is a 30–40% risk of recurrence, and a 10% risk of developing metastatic disease after 5 years. The gastrointestinal tract, particularly the colon, represents a very uncommon site of late metastatic disease.
ALET: Agents Learning their Environment through Text

For intelligent virtual humans to interact in a rich environment, connections between the usable actions and objects must be defined. For scenarios consisting of hundreds of object types and many actions, having a simulation author create these connections by hand becomes and difficult. This limitation causes the simulation to have only a few object connections, whereas the rest of the objects are static and cannot be acted upon. Automated methods to connect objects to actions are promising but incomplete as they still miss key interactions and are unable to determine important characteristics of each action such as the manner of the action. We present Agents Learning their Environment through Text (ALET) to connect graphical objects to actions and provide an understanding of the actions. Observing that text contains descriptions of actions and connections to objects, ALET leverages large text corpora, and knowledge bases to provide candidate connections and descriptions for the actions and objects available in a simulation. The candidate connections and descriptions populate a representation that describes the graphical models and animations. We test ALET against other semantic generation methods, and find it more accurately determines object roles in actions, as well as determines semantic information about the action.
Prostate Cancer Local Recurrence Detected With Both 18F-Fluciclovine and PSMA-targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT

We present the case of a 79-year-old man with an elevated postprostatectomy prostate-specific antigen level who was sequentially imaged with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-fluciclovine followed by PSMA-targeted 18F-DCFPyL. Although both imaging tests successfully identified the same pelvic recurrence, each radiotracer had its relative merits. This case highlights the differences between these two PET radiotracers, which are increasingly being used to image men with recurrent prostate cancer.
Design of an active power pulsation buffer using an equivalent series-resonant impedance model

In single-phase power converters, passive power pulsation decoupling buffers (capacitors or LC circuits) have been widely adopted to reduce the twice-line frequency voltage and current ripple. With constant demands for higher power density and efficiency, active implementations of power pulsation buffers have always been an attractive prospect. While various implementations of active buffers have been studied in literature, this paper proposes a general method to identify and analyze dc side active buffers by using an equivalent impedance model of a traditional passive solution. This impedance model provides insight into the circuit and control design of such active buffers. To illustrate this impedance model, the series-stacked buffer (SSB) architecture is identified as a shunt resonant impedance at the twice-line frequency. A control scheme with converter loss compensation capability is developed and generalized to both voltage and current control architectures. The model and associated control architecture is verified with a 1.5 kW, 400 V SSB hardware prototype.
High order plasmonic resonances in time-varying media

The optical response of noble-metal nanoparticles in the visible spectrum is characterized by the presence localized surface plasmon resonances. Localized surface plasmons are non-propagating coherent oscillations of free-carriers coupled to the electromagnetic field arising as a consequence of confinement effects in sub-wavelength nanoparticles. Plasmonic nanoparticles in general support an infinite discrete set of orthogonal localized surface plasmon modes, yet in the case of structures of deep-subwavelength dimensions only the lowest order resonances of dipolar nature can be effectively excited by an incident electromagnetic wave. By reciprocity such high-order modes tend to be subradiant and therefore difficult to observe in far-field. Here we discuss the novel localized surface plasmon dynamics that emerge when the electromagnetic properties of the plasmonic particle or of the background medium vary in time. We show in particular that such temporal permittivity variations lift the orthogonality of the localized surface plasmon modes and introduce coupling among different angular momentum states. Exploiting such dynamics we show how surface plasmon amplification of high order resonances can be achieved under the action of a spatially uniform optical pump of appropriate frequency.
Intergeneric hybridization between Brassica species and Crambe abyssinica

In crosses of B. napus × C. abyssinica and B. campestris × C. abyssinica, pre-fertilization incompatibility was observed. In crosses of B. juncea × C. abyssinica, pollen grains of C. abyssinica were compatible to the stigmas of all the B. juncea pistils, the pollen tube growth was normal and the pollen tube reached the micropyle in 3–4 days after pollination. Through comparative studies on embryo development in intergeneric crosses of B. juncea × C. abyssinica and self-pollination of B. juncea, the causes of the hybrid embryo abortion were found. An intergeneric hybrid between B. juncea × C. abyssinica was obtained for the first time through conventional crossing method combined with ovary culture, when C. abyssinica was used as a paternal parent. The hybridity was confirmed by morphology, cytology and isozyme analysis.
Rainwater harvesting: using urban roof runoff for residential toilet flushing

Abstract: Rainwater harvesting (RWH) practices are receiving increased attention from urban water managers as a means of potentially reducing potable water consumption. By using rainwater harvested from urban catchments for a variety of non-potable water uses, the quantity of water extracted from source water watersheds can be reduced, with potential ecological, economic and even social benefits. In this context, RWH can be a key component of efforts to promote metropolitan sustainability. This chapter examines the reliability with which roof runoff – harvested, stored and used for toilet flushing, can reduce residential potable water consumption. The focus is on roof runoff as opposed to other sources, due to the proliferation of rooftops in metropolitan areas and the relative ease with which these sources can be accessed. Analysis is performed using the Storage and Reliability Estimation Tool (SARET) and results for four US cities are compared. Reliability contours are generated that allow visualization of gradients in long-term reliability. The analysis indicates that residential toilet flushing demand could be met with 50–94% reliability, the range being determined by differences in per capita demand, roof area and precipitation patterns. The results are discussed with respect to the assumption of stationary precipitation patterns, the algorithm used by the model to develop the reliability ensembles, the assumed initial condition of the simulations and other differences between the metropolitan areas studied.
Clinical Applications of Liver Magnetic Resonance Elastography: Chronic Liver Disease

The most widely used clinical application of Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is in the evaluation of chronic liver disease (CLD). Currently, MRE is the most accurate non-invasive technique for detection and staging of liver fibrosis and potential non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy. MRE is a robust technique with excellent repeatability and reproducibility of liver stiffness. Since its introduction as a clinical tool for assessment of liver fibrosis, several indications have emerged including longitudinal follow up of CLD, prediction of liver decompensation, assessment of portal hypertension, evaluation of treatment response and for differentiation of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Other potential applications of MRE of liver include assessment for fibrosis in patients receiving hepatotoxic drugs and in congestive hepatopathy. MRE of liver is a dynamic field with ongoing improvements in the technique and continued emergence of newer clinical applications.
Violence as a Problem of Health

Exposure to pervasive community violence (PCV) is presented as a characteristic of the environments in which children, adolescents, and adults (teachers, parents, and citizens) live, work, study, and play. During the 1990s, measures to assess the nature and levels of PCV exposure were developed for youth ranging in age from preschool through adolescence. Findings from the resulting surveys across multiple settings (urban, suburban, and rural) have confirmed that PCV exposure is a widespread phenomenon. Documented physical, emotional, and behavioral consequences support consideration of PCV as an environmental contaminant with measurable toxic effects, including increased probability that those exposed will engage in both anticipatory and reactive violence. The need to assess PCV exposure in adults is argued as a necessary antecedent to the design and implementation of interventions to reduce PCV exposure and its concomitants.
Towers of Hanoi related problems

This paper presents a set of twelve problems related to Towers of Hanoi. The problems involve black and white disks and three poles. Various types of problems such as moving disks, splitting disks, merging disks, and moving towers are presented. Algorithms to solve the problems are also presented. The run times of the algorithms are analyzed using recurrence relations and their solutions. These problems can serve as examples and exercises in recursion in courses such as data structures, discrete mathematics, and algorithms.
Self-inverse fractals, Apollonian nets, and soap

To Chapter 18 of M 1982F, this chapter adds a related figure from Chapter 20. Changing from the unusual format of M 1982F to this book’s conventional format entailed a few nonlinear rearrangements and called for wording to be inserted for continuity or consistence. The last page of the original text summarized M 1983m{C18}; it was deleted. The art was downsized and the captions were integrated into the text.
A new visco-plastic self-consistent formulation implicit in dislocation-based hardening within implicit finite elements: Application to high strain rate and impact deformation of tantalum

Abstract Modeling deformation processes of materials under high strain rate and impact conditions in which the strain rates vary spatiotemporally over several orders of magnitude is challenging, especially in terms of constitutive description. Visco-plastic power-law flow rule, commonly used within crystal plasticity constitutive models, usually introduces superfluous strain rate effects, entering numerically via the slip activation criterion, which result in artificially high flow stress predictions under high strain rate deformation conditions. This paper presents a novel, implicit finite element implementation of a visco-plastic self-consistent polycrystal model that is implicit in dislocation-based hardening with removed strain rate sensitivity introduced by the power-law flow rule. In the model, the strain rate dependence of the flow stress is defined solely by the rate sensitivity of Peierls stress and the evolution of dislocation density within the hardening law, enabling the prediction of high strain rate and impact deformation. As a result, the predicted flow stress is accurate in its magnitude. The physically based strain rate and temperature sensitive model also features, in addition to Schmid, the non-Schmid activation contribution for slip, which is necessary for understanding and modeling the plastic deformation of body-centered cubic metals. The model is calibrated to simulate the strain rate- and temperature-sensitive monotonic deformation of tantalum and is subsequently applied to a Taylor impact test of the same material. Since the impact simulation required remeshing and interpolation of state variables, the spherical linear interpolation algorithm in the space of quaternions is implemented to facilitate the interpolation of texture. Predictions of the simulation were found to compare favorably with experimental measurements of post-test geometrical changes and texture evolution. The implementation and insights from these predictions are presented and discussed in the paper.
Conceptualizing calling: Cluster and taxometric analyses

Abstract Research on work as a calling has proliferated within the last decade, but researchers continue to conceptualize the construct in diverse ways, potentially creating confusion and a lack of coherence as research accumulates. This study applies two typological research strategies to better understand the latent structure of calling, and differences among people who find the construct personally relevant. First, using a sample of 588 U.S. undergraduate students who self-identified as having a calling, the taxometric method was used to test the presence of discrete types or categories within calling's latent structure. The indicator set was analyzed using three statistically non-redundant taxometric procedures (i.e., MAXEIG, MAMBAC, and L-Mode). Results revealed that calling is not represented by discrete taxa (categories), instead the differences in calling lie along a continuous (dimensional) latent structure. While having a singular latent structure, evidence suggests calling is likely a multidimensional construct, which allows for different points of emphasis expressed by people who perceive a calling. A two-step cluster analysis was then applied to examine participants' vocational identity characteristics. A two-cluster solution was supported, differentiated by the relative importance placed on work and self-enhancement values versus religion and prosocial work values. Implications for research on calling and career counseling practice are discussed.
An Analysis of Plastic Surgeons’ Social Media Use and Perceptions

Background Social media have become ubiquitous in society with an increasing number of active daily users across multiple platforms. Social media use has grown within the field of plastic surgery; many surgeons have created a professional account to gain exposure. Objectives This study investigates the patterns of use and perceptions of social media in plastic surgery. Methods A 16-item questionnaire was sent electronically to board-certified plastic surgeons to investigate professional social media use and perceptions. A literature review of all studies pertaining to social media and plastic surgery was also undertaken. Results An online survey was sent to 6136 ASPS members with 454 responses (7.4%). Of the respondents, 61.9% reported having an active professional social media account. Respondents whose practice primarily consisted of aesthetic/cosmetic surgery were the most likely to have an active professional social media account (79.4%). Nonacademic surgeons were most likely to maintain an active professional social media account (71.9%) compared with university-affiliated community surgeons (41.4%) and academic surgeons (29.5%). Nonacademic surgeons were more likely to believe social media is positive for the field (48.9%) compared with the other 2 cohorts (27.6% and 35.1%, respectively). Academic surgeons are more likely to believe social media worsens the image of the field (49.3%) vs the other cohorts (35.4% and 37.2%). Conclusions Professional social media use is rising within plastic surgery. However, a dichotomy exists in acceptance. Private practice, younger surgeons are more likely to view social media as an acceptable method of reaching patients.
Generalizations, Cultural Essentialism, and Metaphorical Gulfs

An ongoing debate in comparative research is about whether we should see cultural diversities as manifestations of essential differences or as superficial variations on a universal blueprint. Edward Slingerland has pointed to cognitive science and the use of embodied metaphors to emphasize the universality of concept formation and cognition across cultures. He suggests that this should quiet the “cultural essentialists” who take fundamental differences in Eastern and Western thinking as their starting points. Michael Puett has also leveled a critique of cultural essentialism in support of a presuppositionless approach, and Slingerland’s conclusions seem to offer him support. However, I will argue that even if all modern humans are broadly similar in metaphor use and cognitive processes, research in the humanities must continue to account for the differences implied by the particular metaphors employed and emphasized in diverse traditions. I contend that responsible hermeneutic practice does this through provisional, yet indispensable, generalizations.
Pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy: have practice changes changed outcomes? A large single-center ten-year retrospective evaluation.

To evaluate changes in population characteristics and outcomes in a large single-center pediatric patient cohort treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) over a 10 year course, coincident with multiple institutional practice changes in CRRT delivery. A retrospective cohort study with comparative analysis of all patients treated from 2004 to 2013 with CRRT in the neonatal, pediatric, and cardiovascular intensive care units within a free-standing pediatric tertiary care hospital. Three hundred eleven total patients were identified, 38 of whom received concurrent treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 273 patients received CRRT only and were compared in two study eras (2004–2008 n = 129; 2009–2013 n = 144). Across eras, mean patient age decreased (9.2 vs 7.7 years, p = 0.08), and the most common principal diagnosis changed from cardiac to liver disease. There was an increase in patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy between cohorts for acute kidney injury of multi factorial etiology (44% vs 56%) and a decrease in treated patients with sepsis (21% vs 11%, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in survival to hospital discharge between eras (47% vs 49%). Improvement in outpatient follow-up after discharge amongst survivors was seen between study eras (33% vs 54%). Despite multiple institutional practice changes in provision of CRRT, few changes were seen regarding patient demographics, diseases treated, indications for therapy, and survival over 10 years at a single tertiary care. Recognition of need for follow-up nephrology care following CRRT is improving. Ongoing assessment of the patient population in a changing landscape of care for critically ill pediatric patients remains important.
Association of Noninfectious Pneumonia With Ustekinumab Use.

Importance The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducts ongoing public health safety surveillance for drug and therapeutic biologic products. Identifying cases of acute and subacute noninfectious pneumonia supports the public health mission of the FDA. Objective To identify and analyze postmarketing cases of noninfectious pneumonia associated with ustekinumab use. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective analysis of postmarketing (spontaneous) case reports reviewed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the PubMed databases from September 25, 2009, through November 20, 2017. Twelve cases of new-onset acute and subacute noninfectious pneumonia were identified after general marketing of ustekinumab. Cases were excluded if the time to symptom onset was more than 2 years from ustekinumab initiation and if an alternative origin for the noninfectious pneumonia (other than drug-induced) was reported. Main Outcomes and Measures Cases of noninfectious pneumonia associated with ustekinumab use were analyzed for baseline and demographic information, reason for ustekinumab use, symptoms, time to onset, dose sequence, laboratory and diagnostic information, and clinical outcome. Results Of the 12 cases, 8 were identified from the FAERS database and 4 from PubMed. The 12 cases (7 men [58%] and 5 women [42%], with a median [range] age of 63 [27-80] years) included 7 interstitial pneumonia (58%), 3 eosinophilic pneumonia (25%), 1 organizing pneumonia (8%), and 1 hypersensitivity pneumonitis (8%) diagnoses. All 12 cases reported a serious outcome, including 7 hospitalizations (58%) and 1 respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (8%). No outcome of death was reported. All 12 cases were supportive of a temporal association; specifically, in 9 cases (75%), the pulmonary symptoms appeared after 1 to 3 doses of ustekinumab. In addition, 7 cases (58%) of positive dechallenge were reported, including 1 case of a positive rechallenge. Conclusions and Relevance The postmarketing cases suggest an association between noninfectious pneumonia and use of ustekinumab; these findings have led to the addition of a new warning for ustekinumab users regarding the risk of developing noninfectious pneumonia.
All things bleak and bare beneath a brazen sky: practice and place in the analysis of Australopithecus

The fossilized primate skull known as the Taungs Baby, discovered in South Africa, was put forward in 1925 as a controversial 'missing link' between humans and apes. This essay examines the controversy generated by the fossil, with a focus on practice and the circulation of material objects. Viewing the Taungs story from this perspective provides a new outlook on debates, one that suggests that attention to the importance of place, particularly the ways that specific localities shape scientific practices, is crucial to understanding such controversies. During the 1920s, the fossil itself did not move or circulate from its South African location, a fact that raised methodological concerns in understanding its significance and drew immense criticism from a range of experts. Examining the criticisms regarding the fossil's failure to circulate draws attention to the importance of centers of accumulation in the analysis of hominid fossils. Diverging from existing histories that primarily emphasize the role of theory in paleoanthropological debates, then, this article argues that scientific practice played an important role in the Taungs fossil controversy. Examining this dimension of the debates has broader implications for revealing the underlying imperial assumptions that guided hominid paleontology during the early twentieth century.
Acyloxyacyl hydrolase modulates depressive-like behaviors through aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) regulates stress responses, and aberrant CRF signals are associated with depressive disorders. Crf expression is responsive to arachidonic acid (AA), where CRF ...
UAS-Based Crack Detection Using Stereo Cameras: a Comparative Study

Structural health monitoring and inspection of bridges are paramount to evaluating their current conditions and identifying the severity of potential defects. These may be indicative of spalls or reinforcement corrosion. As of today, 25% of all the bridges across the United States are rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete [1]. Currently, health monitoring of bridges is a human-based visual inspection process, which is labor intensive, costly and potentially unsafe. Safety issues, significant cost, as well as traffic interruption highlight the need to explore a reliable, low-cost, quantitative and safe solution for bridge condition assessment. Drone inspections using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have recently attracted significant industrial and academic interest. Various technologies are being explored including Lidar, photogrammetry and depth sensors, with the latter being a promising innovative approach for accurate 3D object reconstruction.In this study, we investigate the use of stereo cameras based on passive and active depth calculation for the structural integrity assessment of bridges. We conduct an experiment to determine the RMS error of two different vision sensors: The Intel Realsense D435i and the ZED stereo camera from Stereolabs. Our results show that for our application, the Intel Realsense D435i provides more accurate information.
Mental health: in the spotlight but a long way to go

We need to radically reframe our conversations about mental health to address the massive global prevention, care and quality gaps to reduce the global burden of mental health problems. This commentary looks at mental health over the past decade and what more we need to do to tackle this priority global health issue.
Fast 3D Poisson solvers in elliptical conducting pipe for space-charge simulation

Author(s): Qiang, Ji | Abstract: Space-charge effects play an important role in high intensity accelerators. These effects can be studied self-consistently by solving the Poisson equation with the dynamically evolved charge density distribution subject to appropriate boundary conditions. In this paper, two computationally efficient methods are proposed to solve the Poisson equation inside an elliptical perfectly conducting pipe. One method uses a spectral method and the other uses a spectral finite difference method. The former method has a high accuracy and the latter one has a computational complexity of O(Nlog(N)), where N is the total number of unknowns. These methods implemented in a beam dynamics tracking code enable the fast simulation of space-charge effects in an accelerator with an elliptical conducting pipe.
Uric Acid Crystallization Interrupted with Competing Binding Agents

Uric acid crystallization in humans is associated with undesirable medical conditions including the formation of gout deposits and kidney stones. A major contributing factor to uric acid biomineral...
Gonadotropins versus oral ovarian stimulation agents for unexplained infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective To compare live birth and multiple gestation in patients diagnosed with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination after ovarian stimulation (OS-IUI) with oral medications versus gonadotropins. Design Systemic review and meta-analysis. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Patients undergoing OS-IUI for treatment of unexplained infertility. Intervention(s) Clomiphene, letrozole, or gonadotropins for OS-IUI. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth and multiple gestation. Result(s) Eight total trials were identified that met the inclusion criteria and comprised 2,989 patients undergoing 6,590 cycles. One study reported a significant increase in both live births and multiple gestations with the use of gonadotropins, two studies found an increased likelihood of live birth with the use of gonadotropins, and two studies found an increased risk of twins with gonadotropins. The relative risk of live birth in subjects receiving gonadotropins was 1.09. The relative risk of multiple gestation in subjects receiving gonadotropins was 1.06. Clinical pregnancy was higher in protocols with lax cancellation policies or higher gonadotropin doses, with subsequent increased relative risks of multiple gestations of 1.20 and 1.15, respectively. Singleton births per subject were similar between the two groups. The results did not change in per-protocol, per cycle, or fixed-effect model sensitivity analyses. Conclusion(s) For every birth gained with the use of gonadotropins, a similar increased risk of multiple gestation occurs. The randomized data do not support the use of gonadotropin for OS-IUI in women with unexplained infertility. Clinical Trial Registration Number Prospero CRD4201911998
Time-Varying Diffusion Social Learning

This paper studies a time-varying diffusion social learning algorithm, for an agent in a network trying to learn a true hypothesis (or state). We will show that agents in a weakly connected sub-network will be under the influence of agents in the strongly connected sub-network, which leads to a mind control scenario. We will derive analytical expressions of the limiting beliefs of the agents in the time-varying network. Moreover, we will extend the results of time-varying weakly connected networks to the case where agents assign decreasing weights to neighboring agents.
Implementation of a standardized oral screening tool by paediatric cardiologists.

Background: An examination of invasive procedure cancellations found that the lack of pre-procedural oral screening was a preventable cause, for children with congenital heart disease. The purpose of this study was to implement an oral screening tool within the paediatric cardiology clinic, with referral to paediatric dental providers for positive screens. The target population were children aged ≥6 months to <18 years old, being referred for cardiac procedures. Methods: The quality implementation framework method was used for this study design. The multi-modal intervention included education, audit and feedback, screening guidelines, environmental support, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Baseline rates for oral screenings were determined by retrospective chart audit from January 2018 to January 2019 (n = 211). Provider adherence to the oral screening tool was the outcome measure. Positive oral screens, resulting in referral to the paediatric dental clinic, were measured as a secondary outcome. Provider adherence rates were used as a process measure. Results: Data collected over 14 weeks showed a 29% increase in documentation of oral screenings prior to referral, as compared to the retrospective chart audit. During the study period, 13% of completed screenings were positive (n = 5). Provider compliance for the period was averaged at 70% adherence. Conclusion: A substantial increase in pre-procedural oral screenings by paediatric cardiologists was achieved using the quality implementation framework and targeted interventions.
Understanding worker trust in industrial robots for improving workplace safety

Abstract Industrial robots are growing rapidly, and emerging types of robots are now capable of performing collaborative tasks and operating in a shared work area with human workers. Given the increasing dynamic interactions between human workers and robots, it is of particular interest to understand worker trust in robots and its implications in workplace safety. Our chapter focuses on psychological aspects of trust in human-robot interaction and discusses human-related determinants, including demographics and individual characteristics, as well as cognitive abilities and skills. We address the human-related factors on an individual's initial level of trust in robots and its changes over time. The chapter discusses the implications of the determinants of trust in the design of robots and robotic work environments and the development of training for workers. Research needs for a wide range of individual characteristics and differences involving worker trust in workplace robots are also discussed.
Advances in the diagnosis of infectious bovine abortion

There has been an increased understanding of bovine abortion and the causes over the past few years. The reasons for this understanding are attributed to better recognition of the problem itself, the potential causes of the problem, and finally, how diagnostic assistance can be of value in determining the cause or causes of the problem we collectively refer to as abortion.
Micro-reflection on classroom communication

This book offers an empirically based method for teacher education that involves micro-reflection by teachers on their own and others’ authentic classroom communication. The book is aimed at pre-se...