cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of epileptiform activity in healthy children during sleep.

Abstract Background The term epileptiform discharge typically refers to interictal paroxysmal activity that occurs more commonly during sleep. This type of paroxysmal activity does not include the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity observed during a seizure. The prevalence of epileptiform activity in the general pediatric population is unknown. Methods Polysomnographic (PSG) studies were conducted in otherwise healthy children recruited from the general population and with no previous history of seizures or any other medical conditions. All sleep studies included an eight-lead EEG montage. Spike and sharp waves, either alone or accompanied by slow waves, occurring singly or in bursts lasting Results Nine hundred seventy children underwent overnight PSG. In 14 children, evidence of epileptiform activity, in the absence of any additional abnormality in the PSG, occurred. Thus, the prevalence of epileptiform activity was 1.45%. Epileptiform patterns found were either spike or spike and wave and were more prominent during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, with 11 patients presenting spike and spike and wave patterns in the centro-temporal regions. Four of the six children who underwent neurocognitive tests exhibited abnormal findings in areas of behavior, attention, hyperactivity, and learning. Conclusion Epileptiform activity in otherwise healthy children from the community is relatively frequent and, if confirmed by prospective studies, could be associated with suboptimal cognitive and behavioral functions. Increased awareness by sleep professionals and use of PSG montage that includes temporal leads and >2 standard EEG leads should facilitate the detection of epileptiform activity in children.
Egg retrieval with cryopreservation does not delay breast cancer treatment.

Abstract Background Infertility is a concern to young women diagnosed with breast cancer. Advances in fertility technology have made it possible to bank fertilized embryos. Methods Twenty-three women, ages 27 to 40 years, underwent stimulation/oocyte retrieval before the start of adjuvant therapies. Time intervals between retrieval and therapeutic procedures were analyzed. Results The average stimulation to egg retrieval was 11.5 days (range 9–20 d). The average time interval from first evaluation to oocyte retrieval was 33.3 days (range 10–65 d). Overall, the mean time from definitive surgery to initiation of chemotherapy was 46.8 days (n = 20). For 6 patients referred by surgeons, the mean time from fertility consult to retrieval was 48.8 days (range 16–118 d), and from definitive surgery to initiation of chemotherapy was 45 days (range 15–93 d). Conclusions Egg retrieval cryopreservation can be integrated with breast cancer work-up and surgical procedures. Early referrals to a fertility specialist by surgeons will help patients’ safeguard future childbearing.
An inverter-based sensorless controller for free-piston Stirling engines

An inverter based sensorless controller is proposed to regulate the amplitude of a free-piston Stirling engine (Daboussi, Z). By actively limiting the alternator electromotive force to given amplitude, piston over stroke and any undesirable growth in the piston amplitude are prevented. The proposed approach eliminates the need for any tuning capacitors and provides a greater flexibility for controlling the piston amplitude. The proposed approach has been successfully demonstrated using a 350 Watts free-piston Stirling engine.
Thinking Beyond Security

Abstract A competitive business views information technology (IT) as an integral part of itself in achieving the business mission. On the other hand, IT cannot stand up to the service level agreement (SLA) with the business units if it views solutions in an ad hoc way [1]. In a time where the IT as a business enabler and enhancer is the target of unanticipated attacks from various agents, the entity at risk is the business itself and the trust the business has developed so far in the IT [2]. Government initiatives, such as the Critical Infrastructure Protection Act [3], include even the assets owned by private industry, such as those of major banking and energy sectors, as a part of the national asset. They mandate that companies take initiatives to protect and make information resources available, despite possibilities of threats [4].
Universal PCR primers for detection of phytopathogenic Agrobacterium strains

Two PCR primer pairs, based on the virD2 and ipt genes, detected a wide variety of pathogenic Agrobacterium strains. The endonuclease domain of VirD2 protein, which cleaves transferred DNA (T-DNA) border sequences, is highly conserved; primer oligonucleotides specific for the endonuclease portion of virD2 detected all pathogenic strains of Agrobacterium tested. PCR primers corresponding to conserved sequences in ipt, the T-DNA-borne cytokinin synthesis gene, detected only Agrobacterium tumefaciens and distinguished it from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The virD2 and ipt primer pairs did not interfere with each other when included in the same PCR amplification, and this permitted simultaneous detection of both genes in a single reaction. One nonpathogenic Agrobacterium radiobacter strain contained virD2 but not ipt; we speculate that this strain arose from a pathogenic progenitor through a deletion in the T-DNA. The virD2 primer pair appears to be universal for all pathogenic Agrobacterium species; used together, the primer sets reported here should allow unambiguous identification of Ti plasmid DNA in bacteria isolated from soil and plants.
Cerebellar Volume and Cognitive Functioning in Children Who Experienced Early Deprivation

of memory and planning. Conclusions: These data support the importance of experience-dependent changes in cerebellar structure and highlight the role of the cerebellum in higher cognitive functions.
Barognosis in a patient with hemiaraxia

Barognosis was tested in a patient who had a lesion of the right cerebellar hemisphere. While blindfolded, he used each hand to estimate the mass of given test loads, alternating hands between trials. He moved each load sinusoidally, comparing it with the previous one. The period of oscillation was found to be a linear function of the mass. With each load, the period of oscillation was longer when he used the ataxic hand. On 23 of 59 comparisons between loads, the patient reported incorrectly. Ninety-one percent of the errors were in the direction of loads feeling heavier when the ataxic hand was used. To explain these results, it is proposed that (1) the perceived magnitude of a load depends on the corollary discharge, and (2) cerebellar damage may reduce the accuracy of the corollary discharge.
Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase Activity Is Associated with D2 Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Previous work demonstrated that stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors (D2DRs) in the unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-lesioned rat enhanced striatal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity ipsilateral to the lesion. The present work was designed to explore the mechanism underlying the activation of ERK in the denervated striatum. Stimulation of D2DR induced a 60% inhibition in protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity but not in PSP activity in lesioned striata. The D2DR antagonist spiperone blocked quinpirole-elicited PTP inhibition, and the D1 receptor agonist 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF38393) did not inhibit PTP activity, indicating that PTP inhibition is a specific effect mediated by stimulation of D2DR. We further discovered that striatal mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP), a protein phosphatase that is responsible for ERK dephosphorylation, is inhibited in response to D2DR stimulation in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. More specifically, MKP1 was identified to be the isozyme affected by D2DR stimulation. In PC12 cells that express D2DR, quinpirole elicited no change in PTP or MKP activity, whereas ERK was activated by D2 dopamine receptor stimulation. The results indicate that 6-OHDA-induced striatal denervation leads to abnormal coupling between D2DR and PTP/MKP pathway. Moreover, unilateral inhibition of striatal PTP by an intrastriatal injection of vanadate induced contralateral rotation in control rats in response to D2DR stimulation, thus mimicking the response observed in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. The results indicate that attenuation of the PTP/MKP pathway may be responsible for the development of D2DR supersensitivity.
Three new records of cetacean species for Aruba, Leeward Antilles, southern Caribbean

Very little information exists about the cetaceans of Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire (ABC Islands), in the southern Caribbean. During the first dedicated cetacean surveys for the coastal waters of Aruba, photographic evidence for the occurrence of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), Atlantic spotted dolphins (Stenella frontalis) and spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) was obtained. These represent the first confirmed records of P. crassidens and S. frontalis for the ABC Islands and of S. longirostris for Aruba.
HFIR steels embrittlement: The possible effect of gamma field contribution

Recent comprehensive dosimetry experiments revealed the presence of an intense gamma field at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) surveillance locations near the pressure vessel. Measured responses of fission dosimeters {sup 238}U and {sup 237}Np, as well as {sup 9}Be helium accumulation fluence monitors were placed in accordance with responses of threshold and thermal neutron activation dosimeters only when photofission and photo-neutron reactions, respectively, were taken into account. Gamma-flux (E > 1 MeV)-to-neutron-flux (E > 1 MeV) ratios as high as 10{sup 4} were observed. It has been generally accepted that neutron interactions with materials are the main cause of changes in mechanical properties of ferritic steels in nuclear reactor environments. However, gamma rays can also create displaced atoms that can in turn contribute to material embrittlement. Gamma-induced displacements may be quite negligible when compared with neutron-induced displacements in most irradiations, and need not be taken into account. However, at the HFIR surveillance position the gamma-induced atom displacement rate dominates or at least equals the neutron-induced atom displacement rate. When the sum of neutron- and gamma-induced displacements per atom is used as an irradiation exposure parameter the HFIR surveillance results are in agreement with other test reactor results. The acceleratedmore » embrittlement phenomenon, therefore, appears to be caused by the previously unaccounted atomic displacements induced by gamma rays. However, independent verification that gamma-induced displacements can cause material embrittlement is necessary.« less
Detection and diagnostic value of urine leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein in children with suspected acute appendicitis.

Study objective Previously, we used a proteomics approach for the discovery of new diagnostic markers of acute appendicitis and identified leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG) that was elevated in the urine of children with acute appendicitis and enriched in diseased appendices. Here, we sought to evaluate the diagnostic utility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of urine LRG in a blinded, prospective, cohort study of children being evaluated for acute abdominal pain. Methods Urine LRG concentration was measured with a commercially available LRG ELISA and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. Urine LRG test performance was evaluated blindly against the pathologic diagnosis and histologic grade of appendicitis. Results Urine LRG was measured in 49 patients. Mean urine LRG concentration measured with commercial LRG ELISA was significantly elevated in patients with acute appendicitis but exhibited an interference effect. Direct measurements using selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry demonstrated that LRG was elevated more than 100-fold in patients with acute appendicitis compared with those without, with the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.0). Among patients with acute appendicitis, elevations of urine LRG measured with ELISA and selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry correlated with the histologic severity of appendicitis. Conclusion Urine LRG ELISA allows for discrimination between patients with and without acute appendicitis but exhibits limited accuracy because of immunoassay interference. Direct measurements of urine LRG with selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry demonstrate superior diagnostic performance. Development of a clinical-grade urine LRG assay is needed to advance the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluations of appendicitis.
Plasticity and perfection: Maimonides and Aristotle on character

There are some quite striking similarities between the moral psychology Maimonides presents in ‘Eight Chapters’ and Aristotle's moral psychology. They both deny that individuals have the virtues and vices by nature; they put a great deal of weight on habituation as a formative factor with respect to character; and they both characterize virtues in terms of lying in a mean between excess and defect. These are fundamentals of moral psychology that they share. But there are some very significant differences as well, and these are brought out quite clearly by a consideration of Maimonides' ‘Laws of Repentance’. It is worth looking at these differences not just for the sake of seeing how some Aristotelian claims are modified by the Jewish tradition, but also in order to see how moral psychology and the interpretation of the scope of human volition are altered by certain types of theistic commitments.
A membrane-bound alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase in isolated spinach chloroplasts.

Abstract An alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase is found in association with isolated spinach chloroplast membranes. The enzyme is not removed from chloroplasts by repeated washings in an iso-osmotic medium. Suspension of the chloroplasts in hyper- or hypo-osmotic medium, however, results in the loss of pyrophosphatase activity in the chloroplasts. Fractionation of an isolated chloroplast suspension by differential centrifugation yields chloroplast fractions possessing high levels of alkaline pyrophosphatase activity but practically devoid of cytoplasmic acid pyrophosphatase. The alkaline pyrophosphatase exhibits a pH optimum of 8.2–8.5. In addition, there is an absolute requirement for Mg2+, with maximal rates of pyrophosphate hydrolysis occurring at Mg 2+ PP i ratios greater than 2. From these findings the actual substrate for the enzyme is evidently Mg2P2O70 with pyrophosphate (P2O74−) acting as a potent inhibitor. The enzyme is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP (>3 m m ), but increasing the concentration of Mg2+ effectively relieves this inhibition. At lower ATP concentrations, however, there is a stimulation of pyrophosphatase activity. The rate of hydrolysis of pyrophosphate by isolated chloroplasts is not affected by methylamine, 4′-deoxyphlorizin, and light. The possible role of this enzyme in photophosphorylation is discussed.
The Measurement of Social Age

A simple-variable measure of social age was developed by regressing chronological age on a number of social correlates of age. The correlates tapped life styles relating to family, work and retirem...
Using MRI to detect and differentiate calcium oxalate and calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in air-bubble-free phantom.

Calcium oxalate (CaOX) crystals and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) crystals were commonly associated with breast benign and malignant lesions, respectively. In this research, CaOX (n = 6) and CaHA (n = 6) crystals in air-bubble-free agarose phantom were studied and characterized by using MRI at 9.4 T scanner. Calcium micro-crystals, with sizes that ranged from 200 to 500 µm, were made with either 99% pure CaOX or CaHA powder and embedded in agar to mimic the dimensions and calcium content of breast microcalcifications in vivo. MRI data were acquired with high spatial resolution T2-weighted (T2W) images and gradient echo images with five different echo times (TEs). The crystal areas were determined by setting the threshold relative to agarose signal. The ratio of crystal areas was calculated by the measurements from gradient echo images divided by T2W images. Then the ratios as a function of TE were fitted with the radical function. The results showed that the blooming artifacts due to magnetic susceptibility between agar and CaHA crystals were more than twice as large as the susceptibility in CaOX crystals (p < 0.05). In addition, larger bright rings were observed on gradient echo images around CaHA crystals compared to CaOX crystals. Our results suggest that MRI may provide useful information regarding breast microcalcifications by evaluating the apparent area of crystal ratios obtained between gradient echo and T2W images.
Population Densities, Water-loss Rates, and Diets of Sphaerodactylus Vincenti on St. Vincent, West Indies

We documented population densities, microhabitat preferences, desiccation rates, and diets of Sphaerodactylus vincenti on St. Vincent, West Indies. We predicted and observed high densities (to 5,625/ha) in moist, shaded leaf-litter. Such microhabitats provide refuges, access to prey, and protection against water loss, because S. vincenti is vulnerable to high desiccation rates. We found significant differences in mass- specific water-loss rates and body mass between conspecific populations at differing elevations, with larger geckos less resistant to water loss living in more mesic environments at higher elevations. Stomach content analysis suggests that S. vincenti is a dietary generalist that feeds on a variety of small arthropods primarily by day.
Effect of vanadium on structure-property relations of dual phase fe/mn/si/0.1c steels

The role of vanadium on the structure-property relations of dual phase Fe/Mn/Si/0.1C steels has been investigated. After intercritical annealing at 800 °C, the steels with and without V were either iced brine quenched or air cooled. The steels were also solution treated at 900 °C and subsequently air cooled. Although V modified the resultant microstructure, especially the morphology of carbides, the corresponding mechanical properties are not significantly affected by the modified microstructures. It is concluded that V is not beneficial to these dual phase low carbon steels when they are rapidly quenched (1000 °C/s) or air cooled (3 °C/s) after intercritical annealing.
Dewi Hastuti Kurniawati. Indonesian Women and Local Politics: Islam, Gender and Networks in Post-Suharto Indonesia

Indonesian Women and Local Politics: Islam, Gender and Networks in Post-Suharto Indonesia examines how female Javanese Muslim politicians have emerged in Indonesia after the introduction of direct ...
Preemptive ReduceTask Scheduling for Fair and Fast Job Completion

Hadoop MapReduce adopts a two-phase (map and reduce) scheme to schedule tasks among data-intensive applications. However, under this scheme, Hadoop schedulers do not work effectively for both phases. We reveal that there exists a serious fairness issue among jobs of different sizes, leading to prolonged execution for small jobs, which are starving for reduce slots held by large jobs. To solve this fairness issue and ensure fast completion for all jobs, we propose the Preemptive ReduceTask mechanism and the Fair Completion scheduler. Preemptive ReduceTask is a mechanism that corrects the monopolizing behavior of long reduce tasks from large jobs. The Fair Completion Scheduler dynamically balances the execution of different jobs for fair and fast completion. Experimental results with a diverse collection of benchmarks and tests demonstrate that these techniques together speed up the average job execution by as much as 39.7%, and improve fairness by up to 66.7%.
Recent advances in gold-metal oxide core-shell nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and their application for heterogeneous catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis with core-shell structures has been a large area of focus for many years. This paper reviews the most recent work and research in coreshell catalysts utilizing noble metals, specifically gold, as the core within a metal oxide shell. The advantage of the core-shell structure lies in its capacity to retain catalytic activity under thermal and mechanical stress, which is a pivotal consideration when synthesizing any catalyst. This framework is particularly useful for gold nanoparticles in protecting them from sintering so that they retain their size, structure, and most importantly their catalytic efficiency. The different methods of synthesizing such a structure have been compiled into three categories: seed-mediated growth, post selective oxidation treatment, and one-pot chemical synthesis. The selective oxidation of carbon monoxide and reduction of nitrogen containing compounds, such as nitrophenol and nitrostyrene, have been studied over the past few years to evaluate the functionality and stability of the core-shell catalysts. Different factors that could influence the catalyst’s performance are the size, structure, choice of metal oxide shell and noble metal core and thereby the interfacial synergy and lattice mismatch between the core and shell. In addition, the morphology of the shell also plays a critical role, including its porosity, density, and thickness. This review covers the synthesis and characterization of gold-metal oxide core-shell structures, as well as how they are utilized as catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation and selective reduction of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Poly(para-arylene)s via [2+2+2]

We report a versatile new synthetic route to poly(para-phenylene)s (PPPs) and related poly(para-arylene)s containing high degrees of substitution not readily available by other methods. Our method transforms highly soluble, alkyne-containing polymers into PPPs via high-yielding, transition metal-mediated [2+2+2] cyclizations.
Progress in Integrated Optical Isolators

This talk reviews recent developments in new fully integrated hybrid-optical isolators, focusing on a new thin form of single crystal YIG films, integrated thin film magnets, and a new integrated Mach-Zehnder isolator using transverse magneto-optical effect.
Parametric generation of mid-IR light

We discuss the potential of four-wave mixing in a cascaded silica-silicon platform for generation of light in the mid-IR spectral domain. FWM allows for continuous tunability across a wide frequency range, preserves the source linewidth and supports the translation of advanced modulation formats.
Computational Viscoplasticity-Based Modeling of Stress/Strain Response in Thermomechanical Fatigue Loads

Contemporary computing packages handle a wide variety of stress analysis types, but are yet to provide an optimal way to handle certain load cases and geometries. Blades in gas turbine propulsion systems, for instance, undergo repetitive thermal and mechanical load cycles of varied shape and phasing. Complexly-shaped airfoils create non-uniform stress paths that exacerbate the problem of FEA software attempting to determine the correct states of stress and strain at any point during the loading. This research chronicles the modernization and integration of Miller’s 1976 viscoplasticity model with ANSYS finite element analysis software. Non-isothermal fatigue loadings of various types were applied to smooth specimen geometries and the results were compared to data from duplicate mechanical testing experiments. Findings indicate that this and other certain constitutive models can be integrated with software like ANSYS to handle load types that previously could not be accurately evaluated. Accurate stress-strain response via computational methods is a first step toward reliable fully-automated life prediction of parts. Such methods are powerful tools capable of helping providing safe and efficient turbine operation without the need for conservative service intervals.
Hemoglobins of adult Macacaspeciosa: an amino acid interchange (α 15(gly→asp))

Abstract The amino acid composition of the third tryptic peptides from αf and αs of Macaca speciosa has been determined. The glycine residue of αs has been replaced by aspartic acid in αf. The remaining residues of the two peptides are identical in αs and αf. The substitution observed explains the difference in the electrophoretic mobility of the two hemoglobins.
Triiodothyronine-induced cyst formation in metanephric organ culture: the role of increased Na-K-adenosine triphosphatase activity.

Abstract Previous organ culture investigations into the pathogenesis of renal cyst formation have demonstrated that glucocorticoid-induced proximal tubular cyst formation is associated with increases in renal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) activity. To explore the relationship between cyst production and transport enzyme induction, we examined the effects of the potent inducer of Na-K-ATPase activity, L-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T 3 ), on renal tubular morphologic and enzymatic development in murine metanephric organ culture. The addition of T 3 (2 × 10 −8 mol/L) to completely characterized, serumfree growth medium produced striking proximal tubular cystic abnormalities. Frank cyst development was preceded by ultrastructural alterations consisting of basolateral intercellular spreading, which increased with progressive tubular dilation. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated no abnormalities of tubular cyst wall basal laminae, and immunohistologic staining with affinity-purified antibodies to the basal lamina glycoproteins fibronectin, laminin, and entactin, revealed no differences between cystic and control tissue. With use of an enzyme-linked kinetic microassay, T 3 -induced cystic organ culture explants (CY) showed significant increases in Na-K-ATPase when compared with controls from 72 to 120 hours of organ culture incubation. The initial differences in CY Na-K-ATPase occurred contemporaneously with the earliest ultrastructural evidence of cyst formation, and subsequent increases paralleled progressive tubular cyst formation. Tubular cyst formation in CY could be largely prevented by daily incubation of explants with ouabain, 0.2 mmol/L (final concentration) for 120 minutes without deleterious effects on overall metanephric development. We conclude that T 3 induces proximal tubular cyst formation in metanephric organ culture, and that T 3 -induced increases in Na-K-ATPase have a primary role in the pathogenesis of tubular cyst formation in this model system.
MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY

But we ought first to examine ourselves, next the business which we wish to undertake, next those for whose sake or with whom we have to act. Above all things it is necessary to have a proper estimate of oneself, because we usually think that we can do more than we really can.
Scalable Visualization of Time-varying Multi-parameter Distributions Using Spatially Organized Histograms

Visualizing distributions from data samples as well as spatial and temporal trends of multiple variables is fundamental to analyzing the output of today’s scientific simulations. However, traditional visualization techniques are often subject to a trade-off between visual clutter and loss of detail, especially in a large-scale setting. In this work, we extend the use of spatially organized histograms into a sophisticated visualization system that can more effectively study trends between multiple variables throughout a spatial domain. Furthermore, we exploit the use of isosurfaces to visualize time-varying trends found within histogram distributions. This technique is adapted into both an on-the-fly scheme as well as an in situ scheme to maintain real-time interactivity at a variety of data scales.
The Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oklahoma: new species records and distributional notes

Big-headed ants from the genus Pheidole (Hy­men­optera: Formicidae) are diverse and ecologically important world-wide. Here we report the first record in Oklahoma for two species, Pheidole pelor and Pheidole tysoni, increasing the number of known Pheidole species in Oklahoma to twelve. We highlight two areas, northwestern and southeastern Oklahoma, that may contain undocumented species based on their unique habitat, and stress the importance of surveying the regional fauna of these areas to create a proper baseline for monitoring the effects of environmental change.
Three-dimensional scene reconstruction from a two-dimensional image

We propose and simulate a method of reconstructing a three-dimensional scene from a two-dimensional image for developing and augmenting world models for autonomous navigation. This is an extension of the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) method which uses a sampling of the 3D scene, 2D image point parings, and Random Sampling Consensus (RANSAC) to infer the pose of the object and produce a 3D mesh of the original scene. Using object recognition and segmentation, we simulate the implementation on a scene of 3D objects with an eye to implementation on embeddable hardware. The final solution will be deployed on the NVIDIA Tegra platform.
The Scaling of Incentives for Children by Pair Comparison

A study was carried out using children’s preferences as a basis for identifying and scaling incentives. A modification of the pair comparison procedure was introduced to increase the type and number of incentives which could be scaled. 72 school children of both sexes and a mean age of 7 and 11 years scaled 12 different incentives. Four different scales were derived in accordance with age and sex differences. The results support the reliability of the procedure and the obtained scales. The presence of age and sex differences in incentive preferences of children was confirmed.
THE ECONOMY OF SPECIALIZED CERAMIC CRAFT PRODUCTION IN THE CASAS GRANDES REGION

Recent analyses use geometric morphometrics (GM), the quantitative study of shape and its variation, to examine aspects of the archaeological record. Our research builds on such applications to examine the organization of production by applying GM analysis to whole ceramic vessels from the Casas Grandes culture of northwest Mexico. We quantify variation in vessel shape and size and conclude that specialists made at least some of the Ramos and Babicora Polychromes, but that the other Casas Grandes ceramic types were generally made by nonspecialists. This bolsters arguments for Medio period (AD 1200 to 1450) specialized production above the household level but indicates that specialized production was limited to a subset of economically valuable goods. We further suggest some Ramos Polychrome was made by attached specialists associated with elites at Paquime, the religious center of the Medio period, whereas some Babicora Polychrome was made by independent specialists. The analysis contributes to three important anthropological topics: (1) the study of the Medio period Casas Grandes culture, and by extension the organization of production in mid-level hierarchically organized societies; (2) geometric morphometric analysis of archaeological collections; and (3) the Standardization Hypothesis and the relationship between artifact standardization and the organization of production.
Data Fraud in Research: Types, Detection, and Consequences to Data Quality as well as to Research Results, Findings, Implications, and the Body of Marketing Knowledge: An Abstract

As advances in data collection methods and sources continue to grow with technology advances associated with the Internet, there are disturbing concerns relating to increases in what is termed “data fraud” activities within the processes of conducting marketing research. Recently, the term “data fraud” has replaced the past concept of data falsification. Data fraud is a boarder umbrella use to represent to more serious activities beyond the traditionally acknowledged potential categorical types of errors acknowledge exist within and of the different processes making up marketing research activities (e.g., respondent, sampling, scale measurement, data analysis errors). Today, marketing research industry experts (methodologists) suggest that data fraud comes from many sources and costs buyers of research data and reported findings billions of dollars for useless and/or misleading information. Some experts indicate that the bad information directly influences poor managerial decisions leading to even greater losses in the billions. For example, within the mobile advertising industry, digital marketers recognize that data fraud has evolved from fake traffic numbers generated by bots to fabricated data passed on by publishers. In contrast, there has been very little formal discussion about data fraud and its sources within academic-oriented research. The over objective of this session is to create a meaningful dialogue among academic researchers on disturbing data fraud issues and sources associated with conducting academic research and the consequences affecting not only data quality but also reported results, findings, implications, and the body of marketing knowledge. Discussion topics will focus on types of data fraud sources (activities), methods for detecting data fraud activities, as well as methods for controlling data fraud behaviors. The main portion of the session will use a “Question and Answer” format with the audience. The special session will emphasize, but not limited to, identifying and discussing of potential types of data fraud behaviors undertaken by survey and experimental design subjects participating in online and offline academic research projects as well as the impact on the value of the empirical and statistical insights reported in the research studies. By using a combination of short presentations, expert panel insights, and an interactive format between panel members and the audience, this session will prove to be very informative, insightful, and valuable to the audience members.
Aspects of visual metaphor: an operational typology of visual rhetoric for research in advertising

Metaphor is routinely expressed through pictures in contemporary advertising. Earlier work on visual rhetoric in advertising sought direct analogues for the tropes and schemes specific to verbal rh...
Student and teacher regulation of learning in technology-enhanced science instruction

This study investigates student and teacher regulation of learning during a 7-day technology-enhanced inquiry unit on the topic of global warming, and changes in students' strategies for learning science after interacting with the curriculum. Results reveal that students engage in some productive learning strategies promoted in the design of the project, such as learning with visualizations and collaborating with others. Students reported the visualizations to be the most helpful to their learning. The teacher provided the most guidance to students in the form of high-level questions that prompted students to make connections and to monitor their comprehension during days when the students interacted with the visualizations. After completion of the project, students reported engaging in more active and productive strategies for learning and monitoring their understanding of new science material. Implications and plans for further research are discussed.
Technique modifications for a suction suspension version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket: The Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Suction socket.

Background and Aim:Development of a passive suction version of the Northwestern University Flexible Sub-Ischial Vacuum socket would expand application of sub-ischial sockets to a larger proportion ...
A narrative analysis of the stories of mothers who have parented a child with Hodgkin lymphoma who is currently in early survivorship.

Aims and objectives To explore the lived experience of mothers of children who have survived Hodgkin lymphoma, from diagnosis, through treatment and recovery as she has lived it and in her own words and to discuss the self-reported experiences in the context of the theoretical propositions of Attachment Theory and birth order as it applies to the mother-child dyad with this life experience. Background While much has been written about childhood cancer survivors and their parents independently, there are unique struggles that a mother and a childhood cancer survivor face as a dyad. Examining the dyadic relationship over time offers a unique perspective to understanding the parenting experience with a child whose fate is uncertain. Design and method Narrative Inquiry was utilised to explore the bonds the mother has with her child before he or she is diagnosed with cancer, the relationship during treatment and the subsequent relationship when the child has entered survivorship. Most specifically, the research explored the attachment of the mother to her child as it relates to the Caregiving System. A purposive sample of 13 mothers of children diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma representing children from each birth order category (youngest child, middle child, oldest child and only child) was chosen. The interviews were analysed through thematic analysis with final themes identified. Results Several core themes emerged from the narratives regardless of birth order. The most significant was the "need to protect." Additional themes were "things will never be the same," "unique bond," "shifting priorities" and "lost innocence." Conclusions and relevance to practice The research shows activation of the Caregiving Behavioral Response System as it relates as a reciprocal to Attachment Theory.
Teaching Precarity, Resistance, and Community: Rohini Mohan’s The Seasons of Trouble and Genocide Pedagogy

Testimonials of the Sri Lankan war are just coming to light as people begin to feel like they can tell their stories of being kidnapped into forced military service, fleeing bombings, searching for...
Detecting and Mitigating Spoofing Attack Against an Automotive Radar

Applying cyber security mechanisms, such as cryptography, trusted computing, and network intrusion detection, is insufficient to secure cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as smart vehicles, because most sensors (and actuators) are designed without security considerations and remain vulnerable to sensor spoofing attacks in the analog domain. To address this problem, we present a new approach to detect and handle sensor spoofing attack against automotive radars—a key component for assisted and autonomous driving—by extending multiple beamforming in an automotive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar. In a simulation study for adaptive cruise control based on the car following model, our approach significantly outperforms three state-of-the-art baselines in terms of attack detection and ranging accuracy.
Requirements for an Artificial Agent with Norm Competence

Human behavior is frequently guided by social and moral norms, and no human community can exist without norms. Robots that enter human societies must therefore behave in norm-conforming ways as well. However, currently there is no solid cognitive or computational model available of how human norms are represented, activated, and learned. We provide a conceptual and psychological analysis of key properties of human norms and identify the demands these properties put on any artificial agent that incorporates norms-demands on the format of norm representations, their structured organization, and their learning algorithms.
Beclin 1/Bcl-2 complex-dependent autophagy activity modulates renal susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury and mediates renoprotection by Klotho.

Klotho- and beclin 1-driven autophagy extends life. We examined the role of beclin 1 in modifying acute kidney injury (AKI) and whether beclin 1 mediates Klotho's known renoprotective action in AKI. AKI was induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with different levels of autophagy activity by genetic manipulation: wild-type (WT) mice with normal beclin 1 expression and function, mice with normal beclin 1 levels but high activity through knockin of gain-of-function mutant beclin 1 (Becn1F121A), mice with low beclin 1 levels and activity caused by heterozygous global deletion of beclin 1 (Becn1+/-), or mice with extremely low beclin 1 activity from knockin of the mutant constitutively active beclin 1 inhibitor Bcl-2 (Bcl2AAA). Klotho was increased by transgenic overexpression (Tg-Kl) or recombinant Klotho protein administration. After ischemia-reperfusion injury, Becn1F121A mice (high autophagy) had milder AKI and Becn1+/- and Bcl2AAA mice (low autophagy) had more severe AKI than WT mice. Tg-Kl mice had milder AKI, but its renoprotection was partially attenuated in Becn1+/-;Tg-Kl mice and was significantly reduced, although not completely abolished, in Bcl2AAA;Tg-Kl mice. Recombinant Klotho protein conferred more renoprotection from AKI in WT mice than in Becn1+/- or Bcl2AAA mice. Klotho reduced beclin 1/Bcl-2 protein complexes and increased autophagy activity, but this effect was less prominent in mice or cells with Bcl2AAA. Transfected Bcl2AAA or Becn1F123A decreased or increased autophagy activity and rendered cells more susceptible or more resistant to oxidative cytotoxicity, respectively. In conclusion, beclin 1 confers renoprotection by activating autophagy. Klotho protects the kidney partially via disruption of beclin 1/Bcl-2 interactions and enhancement of autophagy activity.
Caenorhabditis elegans for predictive toxicology

Abstract The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers great potential to address the need for faster and more reliable testing methods for predictive toxicology. The duration and cost of running C. elegans assays is comparable to cell-based in vitro testing, yet allows for toxic exposure information in a whole animal with many genetic, developmental, neuronal, and toxic mode of action processes that are conserved with mammals. Demonstrated areas of concordance for toxic response include aging, aneuploidy and germ cell genome abnormalities, growth and development, mammalian LD50 prediction, and neurotoxicity. Newer avenues of exploration, such as epigenetic regulation, innate immunity effects, and mutagenicity via DNA damage responses, also show promise. For predictive toxicology, the C. elegans model is most likely to prove useful as a complementary tool for early toxicity screening, as well as for the identification of conserved modes of toxic action.
Abstract TP9: ASPECTS Values in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion and Time of Arrival to Emergency Department: Estimation of Eligibility for Endovascular Stroke Therapy

Background: Favorable imaging profile according to The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is an important selection criterion for endovascular therapy in patients with acute stroke fro...
Measurement of the luminescence quantum efficiency of GSGG:Cr3+ by laser calorimetry

The conversion of photon energy into thermal energy by nonradiative relaxation processes causes the temperature of laser materials to rise. The use of calorimetry techniques to measure sample heating due to radiationless relaxation of excited states has been reviewed by Callis.1 In the present study, laser calorimetry was used to determine the room-temperature fluorescence quantum efficiency of GSGG:Cr3+. A related technique employing an electronically compensated calorimeter was recently used to measure the fluorescence quantum efficiency for Cr3+ in lithium lime silicate glass and in ruby.2 Other methods for measuring quantum efficiencies of ions in solids include photometric methods utilizing an integrating sphere3 and photoacoustic measurements.4 The advantage of laser calorimetry over the latter two methods is its relative ease of calibration.
High Prevalence of Radiographic Outliers and Revisions with Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Background Alignment outcomes and their impact on implant survival following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the implant survival and radiographic outcomes after UKA as well as the impact of component alignment and overhang on implant survival. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 253 primary fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing medial UKAs from a single academic center. All UKAs were performed by 2 high-volume fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons. UKAs comprised ±10° deviation from neutral), FSA (>15° of flexion), TCA (>±5° deviation from neutral), and TSA (>±5° deviation from 7°). "Far outliers" were an additional >±2° of deviation. Outliers for overhang were identified as >3 mm for anterior overhang, >2 mm for posterior overhang, and >2 mm for medial overhang. Results Among patients with a failed UKA, revision was performed at an average of 3.7 years (range, 0.03 to 8.7 years). The cumulative revision rate was 14.2%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated 5 and 10-year survival rates of 88.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.0% to 91.0%) and 70.0% (95% CI = 56.0% to 80.0%), respectively. Only 19.0% (48) of the UKAs met target alignment for all 4 alignment measures, and only 72.7% (184) met all 3 targets for overhang. Only 11.9% (30) fell within all alignment and overhang targets. The risk of implant failure was significantly impacted by outliers for FCA (failure rate = 15.4%, p = 0.036), FSA (16.2%, p = 0.028), TCA (17.9%, p = 0.020), and TSA (15.2%, p = 0.034) compared with implants with no alignment or overhang errors (0%); this was also true for far outliers (p Conclusions The proportions of UKA revisions and alignment outliers were greater than expected, even among high-volume arthroplasty surgeons performing an average of 14.2 UKAs per year (just below the high-volume UKA threshold of 15). Alignment and overhang outliers were significant risk factors for implant failure. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Politics of Visibility: Gentrification and Immigration in East London

Because of globalization, “cultural strangers” share urban environments in major cities on every continent. Distinctive forms of social conflict—visibility struggles—suggest that urban public space is an important part of the contemporary public sphere. To be seen is a claim to belong. Practicing certain styles of dress, dietary norms, and forms of socialization are among the ordinary things that urban dwellers do every day. In the context of contentious politics of immigration and gentrification, intergroup competition contributes to the process of “othering” minority ethnic, religious, and language groups. The quotidian activities of commuting, working, shopping, socializing, and so forth, along with everyday cultural practices, such as religious worship and participating in voluntary organizations, become contested; the ethnic majority interprets the everyday practice of culture by members of visible minorities as an aggressive “invasion” into public space and the public sphere. As this ethnic inter-group dynamic is unfolding, the changes to urban space that result from intense gentrification pressure exacerbate the conflict. Using data collected by a method borrowed (and modified) from the Situationists and Iain Sinclair, this paper presents a visual, micro-sociological analysis of the spatial semiotics of collective identity in some of the neighborhoods of East London in order to explore how signs of ethnic, religious, and class identity become part of the material of public discourse on national identity.
Akute partielle Okulomotoriusparese

Prasentiert wird der Fall eines 8 Jahre alten Madchens mit Schielen, Doppelbildern und Nystagmus bei akuter partieller Okulomotoriusparese. Auffallige MRT-Untersuchung mit zahlreichen intrakraniellen Veranderungen mit Dissemination in Raum und Zeit. In der Liquordiagnostik Nachweis intrathekaler Antikorpersynthese mit oligoklonalen Banden. Bei hochaktiver multipler Sklerose Beginn mit einer Steroidtherapie und darauffolgendem schnellen Symptomruckgang. Progress nach 3 Monaten bei Nichtbeginn der empfohlenen immunmodulierenden Therapie.