cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic and geomorphologic dispersion: scale effects in the Illinois River Basin

The objective of this work is to determine the relative effects of hydrodynamic and geomorphologic dispersion on the hydrological response of the Illinois River Basin (IRB) as scale increases. The specific hypothesis that was tested is that as basin size increases, the river network structure, as compared to channel hydrodynamic properties, plays an increasingly dominant role in determining the hydrologic response. The analysis was performed on eight of the major watersheds in the IRB in order to provide an adequate representation of basins that contain streams of order six or greater. The basins studied include the Des Plaines, Mackinaw, Vermilion, Fox, La Moine, Spoon, Kankakee, and the Sangamon, and have magnitudes ranging from order six to order eight. The geometric and hydrodynamic properties were derived from the analysis of digital elevation model data and from the hydraulic geometry equations for various subcatchments of the IRB put forth by Stall and Fok [Univ. of Ill. Water Res. Center Res. Rep. 15, 1968]. The hydrodynamic and geomorphologic dispersion coefficients were determined for each order stream of the eight basins and for constant flow frequencies, then compared. The results contradict the original hypothesis, for at small scales, geomorphologic dispersion tends to dominate, the extent of which depends upon the flow frequency, and at large scales, geomorphologic dispersion is less dominant. This occurs because of the behavior of the path lengths of a stream network, which geomorphologic dispersion depends upon. In addition, at high flow frequencies the geomorphologic dispersion dominates, and at low frequencies the hydrodynamic dispersion begins to play an increasingly important role, although the geomorphologic dispersion still dominates. This dominance suggests that the geomorphologic parameters of a watershed could be more important in characterizing the hydrologic response of a river basin than hydrodynamic parameters.
Effects of booster seat laws on injury risk among children in crashes.

Objective: Belt-positioning booster seats have been shown to reduce injury risk among child passengers aged 4 to 8 in motor vehicle crashes. To encourage the use of booster seats, many states have enacted laws that require the use of either a child restraint with internal harness or a belt-positioning booster seat, but the specific age range covered by the laws varies by state. Previous studies have found evidence that booster seat laws are effective in reducing injury risk among children, but these studies primarily have included states with younger age requirements (e.g., ages 4–6) for booster seats. The objective of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of booster seat laws in several states that cover children through age 7 or 8. Methods: Police-reported crash data from 5 states—Missouri, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Wyoming—were used to compare population-based injury rates, restraint use, and seating position among children before and after booster seat laws. The pre-law...
On the conservatism of upper bound tests for structured singular value analysis

Because of the well-known difficulties of exact real/mixed /spl mu/ computation, efficiently computable upper bound tests are of great importance for both /spl mu/ analysis and synthesis. However, another important issue is the introduced conservatism, and in this paper, we consider the worst case conservatism of these efficiently computable upper bound tests for real/mixed /spl mu/ analysis. It shown that any upper bound test, /spl mu/~, satisfying the condition /spl mu/(M)/spl les//spl mu/~(M)/spl les/ C dim(M)/sup 1-/spl epsiv// /spl mu/(M), must itself be /spl Nscr//spl Pscr/-hard to compute. In other words, unless "/spl Pscr//spl ne//spl Nscr//spl Pscr/" is false, for any efficiently computable upper bound test, /spl mu/~, the worst case gap between the upper bound and the exact /spl mu/ is not bounded by /spl Oscr/(dim(M)/sup 1-/spl epsiv//). Therefore, unless "/spl Pscr//spl ne//spl Nscr//spl Pscr/ is false, no matter which efficiently computable upper bound test we choose, there will be examples with arbitrarily large /spl mu/~//spl mu/ ratios, i.e. with arbitrarily large conservatism.
RESOURCE AND TOP‐PREDATOR REGULATION IN THE PITCHER PLANT (SARRACENIA PURPUREA) INQUILINE COMMUNITY

The effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on species abundance and diversity were quantified in the inquiline communities found in the water-filled leaves of the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea. A press field experiment was conducted in which the abundances of resources (dead ants) and the top predators (larva of the mosquito Wyeomiia smithii) were each maintained at three levels in a factorial design for 23 d. Abundances of mites, rotifers, protozoans, and bacteria increased significantly with prey addition. Protozoan species richness also increased with increasing resource levels, whereas additional resources did not affect bacterial species richness. Increases in top-predator density decreased rotifer abundance but increased bacterial abundance and species richness. Increases in bacterial abundance and richness indicate that a trophic cascade occurs via the larvae, rotifer, and bacteria pathway; omnivory appears to be not strong enough to affect the trophic cascade. Top-down and bottom-up forces both had strong, but different, effects on the abundance and richness of intermediate trophic levels. For most components of the inquiline community, species richness and population sizes are resource limited, whereas predator limitation targets a limited set of groups.
Correspondenceless Ego-Motion Estimation Using an IMU

Mobile robots can be easily equipped with numerous sensors which can aid in the tasks of localization and ego-motion estimation. Two such examples are Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), which provide a gravity vector via pitch and roll angular velocities, and wide-angle or panoramic imaging devices. As the number of powerful devices on a single robot increases, an important problem arises in how to fuse the information coming from multiple sources to obtain an accurate and efficient motion estimate. The IMU provides real-time readings which can be employed in orientation estimation, while in principle an Omnidirectional camera provides enough information to estimate the full rigid motion (up to translational scale). However, in addition to being computationally overwhelming, such an estimation is traditionally based on the sensitive search for feature correspondences between image frames. In this paper we present a novel algorithm that exploits information from an IMU to reduce the five parameter motion search to a three-parameter estimation. For this task we formulate a generalized Hough transform which processes image features directly to avoid searching for correspondences. The Hough space is computed rapidly by re-treating the transform as a convolution of spherical images.
Religious Fundamentalism among Young Muslims in Egypt and Saudi Arabia

knowledge about the sociopolitical role of Islam, support religious law, be fatalistic, and feel insecure. They are also less likely to watch TV Saudi females are more fundamentalist than males, but in Egypt, the opposite held true. Country-specific effects are present, and there are implicationsforfuture research. Late adolescence and young adulthood is considered the period of highest susceptibility to the social and political forces individuals encounter (Mannheim 1952; Alwin, Cohen and Newcomb 1991; Sears 1981; Schuman and Rieger 1992; Schuman and Rodgers 2004; Schuman and Scott 1989; Pennebaker and Banasik 1997). Accordingly, understanding the factors that shape the attitudes and value orientations during these formative years provides insights into critical processes such as the rise of religious fundamentalism. This is especially important for Middle Eastern youth in countries currently undergoing severe social and political stress, where religion plays a dominant role.
Cellphone text messaging

Cellphone text messaging: build a telephone GUI on a PC and use it to send texts to your (or another's) phone.
Phosphate-Activated Glutaminase-Containing Neurons in the Rat Paraventricular Nucleus Express Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors

The centrally mediated cardiovascular regulatory actions of angiotensin II in normal and hypertensive rats include angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated actions at the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Because the PVN consists of multiple neuronal populations, it is important to understand which neuronal types in the PVN are influenced by angiotensin II. Here we have developed a viral vector (Adeno-associated vector 2 [AAV2]-PAG-eGFP [PAG; phosphate-activated glutaminase promoter]) to drive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) primarily within glutamate neurons. At 10 to 14 days after bilateral microinjection (200 nL per side; 1.2 x10(12) genome copies) of AAV2-PAG-eGFP into adult Sprague-Dawley rat PVN, animals were euthanized and brains removed and used for isolation and culture of PVN neurons. Fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining using neuron and PAG-specific antibodies revealed the presence of GFP-containing glutamatergic neurons in these PVN cultures. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that angiotensin II (100 nmol/L) produced a 16% decrease in delayed rectifier potassium current in approximately 50% of the GFP-containing neurons, an effect that was abolished by the AT1R antagonist losartan (1 mumol/L). Consistently, 9 of 28 GFP/PAG-expressing neurons contained AT1R mRNA, as indicated by single-cell RT-PCR. Furthermore, specific GFP/PAG-positive neurons in the PVN that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the brain stem express immunoreactive AT1R. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the presence of functional AT1R on PAG-positive (largely glutamate) neurons within rat PVN, certain of which project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Reply by the Authors to G. Koppenwallner

TECHNICAL COMMENTS are brief discussions of papers previously published in this journal. They should not exceed 1500 words (where a figure or table counts as 200 words). The author of the previous paper is invited to submit a reply for publication in the same issue as the Technical Comment. These discussions are published as quickly as possible after receipt of the manuscripts. Neither AIAA nor its Editors are responsible for the opinions expressed by the authors.
Bevatron Epternal Proton Beam Facilities

A septum magnet beam-splitting system has been successfully operated at the Bevatron. This system has made possible a more flexible placement of secondary particle beams and the simultaneous sharing of the external proton beam between two end stations. A second beam-splitting system is under construction, and simultaneous beam sharing among three end stations will soon be possible. Other developments which will greatly increase the total flux of the external proton beam are also discussed.
Sex of the Speaker, Sex of the Listener, and Listening Comprehension

One hundred thirty-seven male and two hundred twenty-five female undergraduates at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee heard recordings of 14 short, informative messages. Each message had been recorded by one of seven male or seven female upper level communication students. Following each message subjects responded to six multiple choice items about the content of the message. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in listening scores for male and female subjects. A significant interaction between sex of listener and sex of speaker was found, but this interaction accounted for so little of the total variance that it was deemed of little practical importance. It was concluded that neither the sex of the listener nor the interaction of sex of listeners and sex of speakers were of much consequence in determining the listening scores of the subjects of this experiment.
Dynamic mechanical experiments for probing process‐structure‐property relations in amine‐cured epoxies

Dynamic mechanical experiments were performed on an amine-cured high performance epoxy system containing two types of epoxies and one amine. The system approximates a commercial resin system used widely as matrix material for graphite composites and whose main ingredients and composition are 88.5 percent of tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) and 11.5 percent of polyglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A Novalac epoxy with varying compositions of 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), ranging from 19 to 40 PHR. Specifically, the effects of DDS and Novalac content as well as processing conditions including the particle size of solid components, the mixing speed, mixing temperature, and the mixing duration of the components on the dynamic mechanical properties of the epoxy polymer were investigated. A viscoelastic transition in the dynamic spectrum which was observed to be quite sensitive to the sample's Tg in conjunction with incomplete crosslinking reactions allowed for interrelating the composition and processing variables to the structure and bulk properties of this epoxy system.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system: basic science, pulse sequences, and a systematic approach to image interpretation.

Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent modality for the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system because it provides high-contrast-resolution imaging of soft tissues and osseous structures in multiple orthogonal and arbitrary planes. These qualities allow the accurate study of normal anatomy and abnormal processes that may not be appreciated with the use of other imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging also differs from other techniques such as conventional radiography and computed tomography in that operator-chosen parameters determine the appearance of tissues. The value of magnetic resonance imaging lies in its ability to use different types of pulse sequences to exploit differences in soft-tissue contrast that are not available with use of other modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging has superb contrast resolution: it can detect 5% to 10% differences in nuclear magnetic relaxation times. Most orthopaedic surgeons write the prescriptions for magnetic resonance imaging; however, they are not responsible for deciding which specific pulse sequences to order or whether or not contrast is indicated. Orthopaedic surgeons typically evaluate these images themselves and often review the radiologist’s report before diagnosing and treating their patients. For this reason, a basic understanding of the principles of magnetic resonance imaging, particularly with respect to how parameters affect the image appearance, is necessary. Most orthopaedic surgeons receive no formal instruction on the physics behind magnetic resonance imaging or on systematic approaches for image evaluation, and therefore they develop their own methods of interpretation on the basis of experience, which may be incomplete and lead to missed detection of abnormal conditions. The goals of this article are to (1) educate orthopaedic surgeons about the basic science of magnetic resonance imaging, (2) explain the various pulse sequences used to acquire magnetic resonance images of the musculoskeletal system, and (3) describe a systematic approach to the evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging examinations …
Lys63-Linked Polyubiquitination of IRAK-1 Is Required for Interleukin-1 Receptor- and Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-κB Activation

Stimulation through the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and some Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induces ubiquitination of TRAF6 and IRAK-1, signaling components required for NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Here we show that although TRAF6 and IRAK-1 acquired Lys63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitin chains upon IL-1 stimulation, only ubiquitinated IRAK-1 bound NEMO, the regulatory subunit of IκB kinase (IKK). The sites of IRAK-1 ubiquitination were mapped to Lys134 and Lys180, and arginine substitution of these residues impaired IL-1R/TLR-mediated IRAK-1 ubiquitination, NEMO binding, and NF-κB activation. K63-linked ubiquitination of IRAK-1 required enzymatically active TRAF6, indicating that it is the physiologically relevant E3. Thus, K63-linked polyubiquitination of proximal signaling proteins is a common mechanism used by diverse innate immune receptors for recruiting IKK and activating NF-κB.
Phenolic carbonyls undergo rapid aqueous photodegradation to form low-volatility, light-absorbing products

Abstract We investigated the aqueous photochemistry of six phenolic carbonyls - vanillin, acetovanillone, guaiacyl acetone, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, and coniferyl aldehyde – that are emitted from wood combustion. The phenolic carbonyls absorb significant amounts of solar radiation and decay rapidly via direct photodegradation, with lifetimes (τ) of 13–140 min under Davis, CA winter solstice sunlight at midday (solar zenith angle = 62°). The one exception is guaiacyl acetone, where the carbonyl group is not directly connected to the aromatic ring: This species absorbs very little sunlight and undergoes direct photodegradation very slowly (τ > 103 min). We also found that the triplet excited states (3C*) of the phenolic carbonyls rapidly oxidize syringol (a methoxyphenol without a carbonyl group), on timescales of 1–5 h for solutions containing 5 μM phenolic carbonyl. The direct photodegradation of the phenolic carbonyls, and the oxidation of syringol by 3C*, both efficiently produce low volatility products, with SOA mass yields ranging from 80 to 140%. Contrary to most aliphatic carbonyls, under typical fog conditions we find that the primary sink for the aromatic phenolic carbonyls is direct photodegradation in the aqueous phase. In areas of significant wood combustion, phenolic carbonyls appear to be small but significant sources of aqueous SOA: over the course of a few hours, nearly all of the phenolic carbonyls will be converted to SOA via direct photodegradation, enhancing the POA mass from wood combustion by approximately 3–5%.
Histological and morphological aspects of reproduction in the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus in the U.S. south-eastern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.

The reproduction of the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus in the U.S. south-eastern Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico was examined using a combination of histological and morphological characteristics of C. plumbeus collected through fishery-dependent and -independent sampling programmes (n = 1,567). Indices of maturity were constructed using measurements of gonads, reproductive tracts and claspers, and sandbar sharks exhibited 50% maturity sizes of 140 and 148 cm fork length for males and females respectively. Gonado-somatic indices and variation in reproductive tract condition were used to determine seasonal trends in reproduction of mature C. plumbeus. Sandbar sharks have discrete seasonal reproductive cycles in which males produce sperm from January to May with a peak in May and females develop eggs from January to May with ovulation occurring in June. Females were shown to exhibit a >2 year reproductive cycle. Embryonic development was assessed through measurements of masses and lengths of uterine contents. Gestation was 12 months, from July to the following June, with parturition in late June. This research highlights a difference from previously reported data on the periodicity of female reproduction in C. plumbeus in the U.S. south-eastern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, which may have major effects on future C. plumbeus stock management.
Nonlinear Modelling of Axially Deformable Elastica based on Hyperelasticity

Considering the cross-sectional dimension of the elastica much smaller than the wavelength of its global deformation, the three-dimensional hyperelasticity is rigorously split to a one-dimensional macroscopic global analysis and a two-dimensional cross-sectional analysis. These two analyses are featuring both geometric and material nonlinearities. The two-dimensional nonlinear cross-sectional analysis utilizes the three-dimensional hyperelastic material models to homogenize the nonlinear beam cross-sectional constitutive relations, which are input as material properties for the global one-dimensional geometric exact beam analysis. Restricted to small strains, analytical solutions can be obtained and proves that the sectional analysis of the Euler-Bernoulli type results in an effect that the bending stiffness will vary with the axial deformation. Without ad hoc assumptions, exact solution of such extension effect for the strain energy up to the third order is given analytically for isotropic beams with neo-Hookean model. In addition, the present theory without the small strain restriction is implemented using the finite element method in VABS, a general-purpose cross-sectional analysis tool, of which the solutions are compared with the analytical results. The geometrical exact beam theory is extended to handle one-dimensional nonlinear material model so that both geometry and material nonlinearities can be handled. Finally, the present theory is validated using the three-dimensional analysis in commercial finite element software.
Point-of-Care Testing: Teamwork and Collaboration Initiate Health Care Change

Emphasis on health care reform has resulted in dramatic changes in the delivery of patient care, making it necessary for health care providers to pursue collaborative efforts to provide high-quality patient care. One approach receiving renewed interest is point-of-care testing. The clinical laboratory in our institution now is responsible for testing done at all ancillary sites. While the laboratory’s role has been clearly delineated, we have found it beneficial to integrate resources to meet these new demands.
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ESTIMATES OF MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION IN WILD-CAUGHT AND LABORATORY-REARED HOUSEFLIES.

Quantitative genetic estimates of morphometric traits in the housefly, Musca domestica L, were made on parents captured in the wild or reared in the laboratory. Phenotypic variation of morphometric traits declined within the laboratory, but as the additive genetic component of variation also declined, there was no net change in ∗∗∗narrow-sense heritabilities of these traits across environments. Additive genetic variances were inflated only when wild-caught females were used as parents, suggesting that a maternal effect was present.
A more efficient satisfiability problem solver

The Boolean Satisfiability problem (SAT) has been of great interest to researchers since being proven NP-Complete (Cook, 1971). The Boolean Satisfiability problem asks the question: Given a formula in conjunctive normal form, does there exist an assignment to a subset of the literals in the formula such that the formula evaluates to true? In recent years, many procedural advancements have been made to SAT solving algorithms, including powerful heuristics for selecting the next variable to be assigned, such as Jeroslow-Wang (Jeroslow, Wang, 1990) and VSIDS (Moskewicz, et. al. 2001). Heuristics play an important role in SAT solvers, as they can dramatically decrease their runtimes. Additionally, advanced clause learning techniques (Zhang, et. al., 2001) have been developed to avoid re-exploration of the search space that has been shown to contain no satisfying assignments.
ADVERSE REACTIONS IN HUMANS THOUGHT TO BE RELATED TO INGESTION OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF FREE MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG) (Chinese Restaurant Syndrome and Other Reactions)

Monosodium glutamate is widely used as a flavor enhancer. A number of adverse effects in humans have been attributed to ingestion of this substance. The most well known of these is the so-called Chinese Restaurant Syndrome. Various studies have been done to attempt to substantiate that glutamate is indeed the etiologic factor responsible for the reported symptoms. No measurable signs appear to be associated with the syndrome. Symptoms can be quite frightening but appear to be transient and rely on subjective reports of reactors. Other adverse reactions, presumably associated with ingestion of glutamate, are also discussed.
Precipitation in ferrite of Mo-Ti microalloyed steel

Precipitation behavior in ferrite of a titanium-molybdenum microalloyed steel was investigated on a MMS-300 thermal simulator,and the influence of deformation amount,holding temperature and holding time on the size of the precipitates was examined,and the precipitation kinetics was characterized. The results show that( Ti,Mo)( C,N) precipitates are observed in the ferrite matrix,and the large precipitates with round,square or elongated shape are distributed randomly,and the small precipitates with circular and oval shape are observed at the interphases and dispersively distributed,and the interphase precipitates are mainly observed at the high holding temperature. The size of the precipitate decreases with the increasing of deformation and holding time,and increases first and then decreases with the increasing of holding temperature,and the minimum size of the precipitates in ferrite occurs at 600 ℃ and 700 ℃.
Cardiovascular and stress responses to short-term noise exposures-A panel study in healthy males.

Abstract Background While previous epidemiological studies report adverse effects of long-term noise exposure on cardiovascular health, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are unclear. We sought to elucidate the cardiovascular and stress response to short-term, low (31.5–125 Hz) and high (500–2000 Hz) frequency noise exposures. Methods Healthy male (n=10) participants were monitored on multiple visits during no noise, low- or high-frequency noise exposure scenarios lasting 40 min. Participants were fitted with an ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure measures and saliva samples were taken before, during and after noise exposures. ECGs were processed for measures of heart rate variability (HRV): high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), the root of the mean squared difference between adjacent normal heart beats (N-N) intervals (RMSSD), and the standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DPB), and pulse were reported and saliva was analyzed for salivary cortisol and amylase. Multivariate mixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for age were used to identify statistically significant difference in outcomes by no noise, during noise or after noise exposure periods and whether this differed by noise frequency. Results A total of 658, 205, and 122, HRV, saliva, and blood pressure measurements were performed over 41 person days. Reductions in HRV (LF and RMSSD) were observed during noise exposure (a reduction of 19% (-35,-3.5) and 9.1% (-17,-1.1), respectively). After adjusting for noise frequency, during low frequency noise exposure, HF, LF, and SDNN were reduced (a reduction of 32% (-57,-6.2), 34% (-52,-15), and 16% (-26,-6.1), respectively) and during high frequency noise exposure, a 21% (-39,-2.3) reduction in LF, as compared to during no noise exposure, was found. No significant (p Conclusions These results suggest that exposure to noise, and in particular, to low-frequency noise, negatively impacts HRV. The frequencies of noise should be considered when evaluating the cardiovascular health impacts of exposure.
The Balanced Scorecard as a Tool for Value Management in Banks

During the last decade, it is beyond question that developments in the world-wide financial services industry, such as new and successful competitors, the process of conglomeration, increasing cost and income pressures and improved capital standards, have led to an intensified profit orientation in financial institutions.1 Particularly because major shareholders ‘put the pressure’ on banks’ top management shareholder value management or more neutral ‘value management’ seems to be an indisputable objective for an increasing number of banks.2
Clinical characteristics in patients with asymmetric idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Abstract Background A group of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) presents with disease affecting one lung markedly more than the other. At this time, it is unclear how this population differs from those who present with more symmetric disease. We sought to explain the characteristics of the asymmetric group and how their disease progresses. Methods In this retrospective case-control study we accessed an interstitial lung disease (ILD) database and identified 14 asymmetric IPF cases via high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scoring of each lung lobe's disease severity. We identified 28 symmetric IPF controls from the same database using the same methods, and compared the clinical features of each group. Results Patients with asymmetric disease exhibited similar demographics as those in the general IPF population; they were predominantly male (64%), elderly (69 years old), and used tobacco (57%). We found a trend toward significantly increased all-cause mortality in the case population two years following diagnosis (p = 0.089). Pulmonary function tests were significantly lower in the case group at the time of diagnosis, then both groups experienced gradual decline. We found no statistically significant differences in number of IPF exacerbations (cases 43%, controls 39%, p = 0.824) and gastro-esophageal reflux (both groups 50%). Conclusion Patients with asymmetric IPF resemble patients in the general IPF population but may have a lower overall survival rate. Further systemic factors may be studied to identify reasons for disease asymmetry and clinical decline in this population.
Lyme Disease Surveillance in New York State: an Assessment of Case Underreporting

Despite the mandatory nature of Lyme disease (LD) reporting in New York State (NYS), it is believed that only a fraction of the LD cases diagnosed annually are reported to public health authorities. Lack of complete LD case reporting generally stems from (i) lack of report of provider-diagnosed cases where supportive laboratory testing is not ordered or results are negative (i.e. provider underreporting) and (ii) incomplete case information (clinical laboratory reporting only with no accompanying clinical information) such that cases are considered 'suspect' and not included in national and statewide case counts (i.e. case misclassification). In an attempt to better understand LD underreporting in NYS, a two-part study was conducted in 2011 using surveillance data from three counties. Case misclassification was assessed by obtaining medical records on suspect cases and reclassifying according to the surveillance case definition. To assess provider underreporting, lists of patients for whom ICD-9-CM code 088.81 (LD) had been used were reported to NYS Department of Health (NYSDOH). These lists were matched to the NYSDOH case reporting system, and medical records were requested on patients not previously reported; cases were then classified according to the case definition. When including both provider underreporting and case misclassification, approximately 20% (range 18.4-24.6%) more LD cases were identified in the three-county study area than were originally reported through standard surveillance. The additional cases represent a minimum percentage of unreported cases; the true percentage of unreported cases is likely higher. Unreported cases were more likely to have a history of erythema migrans (EM) rash and were more likely to be young paediatric cases. Results of the study support the assertion that LD cases are underreported in NYS. Initiatives to increase reporting should highlight the importance of reporting clinically diagnosed EM and be targeted to those providers most likely to diagnose LD, specifically providers treating paediatric patients.
Code-Mixing among Sakha–Russian Bilinguals in Yakutsk: A Spectrum of Features and Shifting Indexical Fields

In this article, I examine language mixing among Sakha–Russian bilinguals in Yakutsk, the largest city in the Republic of Sakha–Yakutia in the far northeastern region of the Russian Federation. Since the end of the Soviet era, the increasing movement of Sakha-speakers from rural areas to the city has been shaping the language practices of bilingual speakers there, creating opportunities for Sakha usage outside of the home in settings formerly dominated by Russian. Through a discussion of language contact between Sakha and Russian, and of the borrowing or copying process through which Russian words enter into the Sakha lexicon, I consider the ways in which purist language ideologies and indexical meanings shape the spectrum of feature choices that bilinguals navigate when speaking Sakha. I also describe a syncretic speech style that is beginning to undergo enregisterment (Agha 2003) in the urban space of Yakutsk, showing how certain features that display varying degrees of bivalency play a particularly important role in this process.
Interventional Drugs for TBI Rehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment: The Cholinesterase Inhibitor Rivastigmine

Abstract As it is increasingly clear that traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cognitive problems, particularly posttraumatic memory and attention difficulties at different levels of severity ( Arciniegas et al., 2002 , Arciniegas and Silver, 2006 , McAllister, 1992 , Spikman et al., 2000 ), leading to disability and increased burden not only on sufferers but also on their family and social circle, it is vital to offer treatment options to help overcome the long-lasting cognitive sequela derived from injury ( Lippert-Garner, Lefering, Svestkova, 2007 ). In this chapter, we will discuss one approach to pharmacological treatment of cognitive abnormalities following TBI: the use of cholinesterase inhibitors, specifically, the intermediate-acting rivastigmine.
Teaching a New Dog Old Tricks: Supervising Veteran Staff as an Early Career Librarian

In my second year as a new catalog librarian, my library asked me to assume management of a team of five seasoned copy catalogers, all with decades of experience. Such reporting relationships are increasingly common in libraries. This article discusses challenges and strategies for any early career professional librarian supervising veteran support staff, including emotionally intelligent responses to natural awkwardness or resentment, the development of decisiveness while acknowledging gaps in learning and experience, balancing respect for conventions with pursuit of growth, and making incremental shifts in established culture to prepare for evolutions in job roles and responsibilities.
APP Biology, Processing and Function

This review has covered some of the salient aspects of APP biology, concentrating on the recent advances in processing, trafficking, and function of APP and the related APLP1 and APLP2 members. The importance of APP in AD clearly lies in its role as precursor to the Aβ peptide that plays a central role in the amyloid hypothesis. However, APP has a number of additional biological activities, some of which impact neuronal development and function. Growing evidence suggests that perturbations of some of these activities may also contribute to AD pathogenesis and neurodegeneration. As such, it will be important to continue to investigate the normal function of APP.
Is There Variation Across Individuals in Processing? Bayesian Analysis for Systems Factorial Technology

Abstract Systems factorial technology (Townsend and Nozawa, 1995) is a leading methodology for assessing the processing of multiple-feature items. By using certain experimental designs and analyses, researchers can assess whether features are processed in serial, in parallel, or coactively. Current practice is to categorize each individual as displaying one of these three architectures. We argue this approach implicitly assumes heterogeneity of processing strategies across participants. A more scientifically meaningful approach may be to first ask whether all people are serial or parallel or coactive before assuming heterogeneity. We develop a series of Bayesian hierarchical models that captures both situations where everyone follows a common architecture and, alternatively, where there is heterogeneity in architecture. These models use g-prior structures that make computation of Bayes factors convenient. We report an application to investigate Miller’s (1956) notion of chunking. We asked participants to compare objects that are composed of separable features simultaneously, a perception task, and sequentially, a memory task. We assessed whether processing changed across the perception and memory tasks with the notion that participants might have to chunk features to store them, and that this chunking might make processing more efficient. The answer is “no.” We find a serial architecture for processing for highly separable features (size of circle and the orientation of its diameter) in both the perception and memory tasks. We also find parallel processing for less separable features (first and second digits in a two-digit number) in both perception and memory tasks. Taken together, while processing may depend on the separability of features, it does not vary across perception and memory. As importantly, we find that all people had the same processing strategy; that is models that stated no heterogeneity outperformed those with heterogeneity. This result indicates that architecture may be universal in this setting and not under strategic control.
Bifurcation Analysis of Methane Oxidative Coupling without Catalyst

Abstract We present a detailed bifurcation analysis of methane oxidative coupling in the gas phase using a global kinetic model for the various oxidation, reforming and dehydrogenation reactions. The kinetic model satisfies the thermodynamic constraints and is validated with literature data as well as new data obtained under near isothermal conditions. It is used to determine the methane conversion and C 2 -products selectivity under various feed and operating conditions in large scale ideal adiabatic reactors. It is found that at higher CH 4 / O 2 ratios (e.g. >4), ignition and extinction points exist only at either high feed temperatures and/or space times, which may not be of practical interest. Autothermal operation on the ignited branch with feed at near ambient conditions ( ∼ 300 K and 1 bar) is feasible for practical range of space times (1 ms–1 s) only for low CH 4 / O 2 ratios (e.g. 1.7–2.5), which includes the flammability range. Further, the best ethylene yields are obtained on the ignited branch close to the extinction point while best C 2 yields may be obtained at higher space times or feed temperatures. Feeds with a high CH 4 / O 2 ratio lead to higher selectivity of C 2 H 4 but lower methane conversion and require higher inlet temperatures. The ratio C 2 H 4 / C 2 H 2 decreases as the methane conversion increases or CH 4 / O 2 ratio decreases. While oxidation (exothermic) chemistry dominates on the ignited branch near the extinction point, the dehydrogenation and reforming (endothermic) chemistries dominate as the space time or feed temperature is increased. It is shown that the highest yield of intermediate products and largest region of autothermal operation is obtained for an ideal reactor with perfect thermal back-mixing and zero species back-mixing (lumped thermal reactor model).
Intermediate Imported Inputs Matter

Over half of international trade occurs in intermediate inputs. This paper shows a reversal in policy recommendations for opening up the economy when imported intermediates are included in the model explicitly instead of assuming that all imports are final goods. In a "simple" model, where imports are treated as final goods high trade taxes shift the consumption away from imported goods towards domestically produced goods. In the "advanced" model, where imports can be both, final goods and intermediates, trade taxes impose distortion not only on the consumption side but also on the production side. High trade taxes distort the production by causing a shift away from imported intermediates toward domestic intermediates. Therefore, it is intuitive that in the "advanced model" trade taxes generate more distortion. This paper tests this intuition by employing two sets of CGE models for six different countries. The switch from the "simple" to the "advanced" model generates a reversal in policy recommendations regarding trade liberalization. Implications of this paper are of special interest for modelers and institutions which provide policy recommendations.
Difference in Renal Tubular Transport Effects of 1–34 and 1–84 Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

It has recently been established that the fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) consisting of the first 34 amino acids at the amino terminus possesses biological activity similar to that demonstrated by the native, 1–84 hormone molecule. In particular, the 1–34 fragment has been shown to be capable of inducing hypercalcemia and phosphaturia in vivo, and can stimulate the adenylate cyclase system in vitro.1–3 The characteristic acute effects of PTH on the kidney are the production of a marked phosphaturia associated with either a decline or no change in calcium excretion.4 Although data detailing the effects of 1–34 PTH on phosphate excretion are available in the literature, the effect of the fragment on calcium transport has not been studied. We therefore compared the action of 1–34 and 1–84 PTH on calcium excretion in acute clearance studies performed in the dog.
Wasting $2.5 Trillion on No-Growth Capital

The 2017 tax bill spent $2.4 trillion (10 year measure) to induce a commodity that is in glut. Returns from risk free capital are below inflation rates. The only positive return from the $2.4 trillion spent requires finding a positive return from the investment of capital, but the value of capital is negative. The extra $2.4 trillion of debt risks collapse of the auction for U.S. debt.
SYNERGY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND CULTURE UNDER CONSDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SOCIETY

Метою роботи є здійснення аналізу синергетичної взаємодії культури та сучасних інноваційних технологій в різних наукових сферах та визначення їх впливу на розвиток цифрового суспільства. Методологія дослідження. У дослідженні використано загальнонаукові методи порівняння, статистичного аналізу факторів та явищ, індуктивний та дедуктивний, аналізу та синтезу. Наукова новизна полягає в доведенні синергетичних тенденцій сучасних інноваційних технологій та культури, що призводить до зміни наших уявлень про світ та сутність природних процесів та явищ та створення основи для переведення у якісно новий стан рівня людських можливостей завдяки технологічним новаціям. Висновки. В результаті дослідження з’ясовано тісний взаємозв’язок сучасних технологій та культури, обґрунтовано їх вплив на розвиток сучасного цифрового суспільства.
Development of progastrin (PG) specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and PG specific vaccine for attenuating growth factor effects of autocrine and endocrine PG-like peptides on colon cancer cells and colon carcinogenesis, respectively

3546 The gastrin gene and PG peptides are expressed by > 70% colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Down-regulation of gastrin gene expression results in apoptotic death of gastrin dependent CRCs. However, delivery of effective concentrations of anti-sense DNA to the tumor cells, in vivo, has proven to be a challenge. A vaccine, Gastrimmune, against the fully processed gastrin (G17) peptide is currently in clinical triasl with mixed results. We recently reported that Annexin II mediates anti-apoptotic effects of PG and G17-like peptides (Oncogene, 2006). G17 also binds CCK2R with high affinity, and unlike Annexin II, CCK2R mediates several biological effects on different cell types including differentiation and growth inhibition. This may explain the mixed results obtained with Gastrimmune. In the current studies, we targeted the colon cancer relevant peptide, PG, since elevated levels of PG, but not G17, have been reported in patients with CRCs. In the first set of studies, we generated MAb, specific for PG, with
Interferon Treatment of Herpetic Keratitis

Some members of our group have determined the relative activities of natural and biosynthetic interferons in various cell lines; protecting these cell lines from infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. These viruses were normalized for the human WISH cell line. The highlights include: 1) alpha or leukocyte interferon subtypes do have effects across species lines, and 2) the effect will vary depending on the species in which one tests the particular interferon. For example, alpha-A interferon is more effective in the hamster cell line than it is in rabbit. Also, in a given species, we found that a certain subtype may be better than another subtype in vitro. For example, since we are dealing primarily with rabbits in our in vivo work, we found that alpha subtype-D was significantly more effective than alpha sub- type-A in protecting rabbit kidney cells from infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. More exactly, it was approximately 40 times more effective.
Tackling instability in halide perovskites from the macro to the nanoscale

The individual and combined effects of extrinsic (humidity and oxygen) and intrinsic (light, bias, and temperature) stressors on halide perovskite materials by implementing complementary optical and electrical characterization methods. These experiments are critical to assess the stability of the large variety of perovskite materials available for light-absorbing and -emitting applications. To pursue optimal ‘rest’ and ‘recovery’ conditions for device stable operation, we propose the implementation of a machine learning approach based on supervised learning upon exposing the samples to distinct values of humidity, oxygen, illumination, bias, and temperature, which will be discussed in details.
Couple-based communication intervention for head and neck cancer: a randomized pilot trial

To test feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a couple-based supportive communication (CSC) intervention for head and neck cancer (HNC) delivered during patients’ oncology treatment. Twenty couples were randomly assigned to either a four-session CSC or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition. The CSC intervention primarily focused on increasing couple emotional disclosure, supportive listening, and social support. Patients and partners completed measures of individual and relationship functioning at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up. Ninety-eight percent of CSC sessions were completed and couples reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. Between-group effect sizes indicated that patients and partners in CSC reported improvements in individual and relationship functioning, relative to those in the TAU condition. A couple-based communication intervention delivered during oncology treatment is feasible and acceptable in the context of HNC and may lead to improvements in individual and relationship functioning. Preliminary efficacy results are interpreted in the context of social-cognitive processing and intimacy theories. The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01785576) first posted on February 7, 2013.