cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Gelatin as a Diluent Component for Storage of Chicken Semen

Abstract This study was conducted using a gelatin-Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) mixture to determine whether or not gelatin aids in the preservation of chicken semen stored at temperatures of 4 to 12 C. Two experiments were conducted designed to determine 1) the optimum gelatin-extender ratio and 2) the optimum in vitro conditions (storage temperature, semen-gas ratio, stopper type, holding temperature, and semen-diluent ratio) for BPSE only and for the best gelatin-BPSE mixture as determined in Experiment 1. Varying the gelatin concentration in BPSE from 15 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml had no significant effect upon either fertility or hatchability. Varying the storage temperature, semen-air ratio, or stopper type had no significant effect upon fertility regardless of the presence or absence of gelatin. However, a significant interaction was noted between the stopper type and the diluent. Cooling semen diluted 1:1 with BPSE at a rate of 1 C/min to 10 C prior to storage and then transporting the post-stored semen at 10 C had a detrimental effect on fertility. Increasing the dilution rate above 1:2 had a significant negative effect upon fertility, with a significant interaction noted between the diluent and the semen-diluent ratio. When comparing BPSE only against the BPSE-gelatin mixture (30 mg/ml), the BPSE-gelatin mixture yielded significantly lower fertility in most instances and had no significant augmenting effect on fertility in those instances where it was not harmful. Therefore, under the in vitro conditions provided in this study, gelatin, in conjunction with BPSE, served no potentiating function in enhancement of fertility of stored chicken semen.
Hyperuricosuric calcium nephrolithiasis.

Since the findings of Yu and Gutman [1], the hyperuricosuric calcium stone former is a unique clinical entity. While an impressive number of clinical and epidemiologic studies implicate hyperuricosuria in calcium stone formation, the exact physicochemical mechanism by which uric acid affects calcium oxalate crystallization has not been proven. Allopurinol decreases stone recurrences and is the drug of choice for patients with isolated HCN.
Magnetization Reversal in Micron-Sized Magnetic Thin Films

We have measured and simulated the dynamics of magnetization reversal in 5 nm by 0.8 by 1.6 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{60}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{40}$ thin films. The films measured form the upper electrode of a spin-polarized tunnel junction so that the magnetization direction of the film can be probed by measuring the tunneling resistance of the junction. When a magnetic field pulse is applied, the time to switch the film magnetization changes from greater than 10 ns to less than 500 ps as the pulse amplitude is increased from the coercive field to 10 mT and beyond. We have simulated these transitions using micromagnetic modeling of the exact experimental conditions. The simulations agree well with the experimental measurements.
Molecular Mechanisms of Viral Inactivation by Water Disinfectants

Publisher Summary Hepatitis, gastroenteritis, and other diseases may be transmitted when viruses evade filtration and pass through water treatment plants. Treatment is required to ensure that those viruses, which successfully pass through the filtration process, become inactivated. The inactivation of bacteria is usually more easily accomplished than the inactivation of viruses. This may be because of the complexity of bacteria and the interaction between a bacterium and its environment. The complex interaction of viruses and disinfectants varies from one type of virus to another making the mode of inactivation unclear. The chapter discusses two-stage disinfection, which offers an efficient means of inactivation of viruses. In the two-stage approach to disinfection, an initial attack of capsid proteins alters the structural integrity of the virus. Second-stage disinfectants, which normally would be unable to diffuse across the intact viral capsid, are then able to reach their target sites easily and inactivate the RNA, thus reducing the likelihood of multiplicity reactivation.
Determination of and evidence for non‐core‐shell structure of particles containing black carbon using the Single‐Particle Soot Photometer (SP2)

[1] The large uncertainty associated with black carbon (BC) direct forcing is due, in part, to the dependence of light absorption of BC-containing particles on the position of the BC within the particle. It is predicted that this absorption will be greatest for an idealized core-shell configuration in which the BC is a sphere at the center of the particle whereas much less absorption should be observed for particles in which the BC is located near or on the surface. Such microphysical information on BC-containing particles has previously been provided only by labor-intensive microscopy techniques, thus often requiring that climate modelers make assumptions about the location of the BC within the particle that are based more on mathematical simplicity than physical reality. The present paper describes a novel analysis method that utilizes the temporal behavior of the scattering and incandescence signals from individual particles containing
The Cambridge Platform: A Reassertion of Ecclesiasatical Authority

Since the time of its promulgation in 1648, the Cambridge Platform has been considered one of seventeenth-century New England's most important documents. Its clerical authors regarded it as a vital instrument for maintaining Christ's commandments, and their assessment was correct. The Platform was the recognized standard for Massachusetts Bay's religion until the time of the American Revolution. Its validity was affirmed not only at the time of its creation but also by the Reforming Synod of 1679. The origins of the Cambridge Platform and the forces that brought about the synod of 1646–1648, where it was written, were many and deeply complicated. Foremost among the internal disagreements causing serious difficulties in the colony during the second decade of settlement were the controversies over ecclesiastical polity, church membership and eligibility for baptism. The situation in England, closely related to the disruptions in the colony, also became a vital factor in the writing of the Cambridge Platform.
The Capacity of Ad Hoc Networks with Heterogeneous Traffic Using Cooperation

We study the scaling laws for wireless ad hoc networks in which the distribution of $n$ nodes in the network is homogeneous but the traffic they carry is heterogeneous. More specifically, we consider the case in which a given node is the data-gathering sink for $k$ sources sending different information to it, while the rest of the $s= n - k$ nodes participate in unicast sessions with random destinations chosen uniformly. We present a separation theorem for heterogeneous traffic showing that the optimum order throughput capacity can be attained in a wireless network in which traffic classes are distributed uniformly by endowing each node with multiple radios, each operating in a separate orthogonal channel, and by allocating a radio per node to each traffic class. Based on this theorem, we show how this order capacity can be attained for the unicast and data-gathering traffic classes by extending cooperative communication schemes that have been proposed previously.
Effect of Buprofezin on Survival of Immature Stages of Harmonia axyridis, Stethorus punctum picipes (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Orius tristicolor (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), and Geocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Geocoridae)

The effect of buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on development and survival of immature stages of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Stethorus punctum picipes Casey, Orius tristicolor (White), Geocoris pallens Stal, and Geocoris punctipes (Say), was examined in a series of laboratory bioassays. Very few H. axyridis larvae (3.1%) treated with buprofezin reached adulthood, although 65% of treated pupae emerged successfully. Buprofezin caused no mortality to eggs of S. punctum picipes but 71.1% of treated early instar larvae failed to complete development. Eighty percent of treated late instars and 92.3% of pupae produced viable adults. Early instar nymphs of O. tristicolor were unaffected by buprofezin, whereas 47.7 and 85% of G. punctipes and G. pallens nymphs, respectively, failed to complete development. Treated eggs of G. pallens hatched successfully. The use of buprofezin in integrated pest management in Washington state wine grapes is discussed.
What is Labor Law

Labor Law is normally but erroneously understood as the law that governs a particular kind of relationship, namely the relationship of (subordinate) employment. Such an approach yields insuperable definitional problems, invites strategic manipulation, and risks obsolescence of the field. Labor law should instead be understood as the set of techniques and practices for intervention into particular kinds of markets, specifically, markets that will reach suboptimum results without such interventions, because individuated actors cannot overcome collective action problems. While the techniques and practices vary with legal systems, they normally include devices for permitting collective actors to negotiate and agree; special institutions to encourage informal and formal bargaining and resolve disputes; and legally-set minimum terms. While these practices were first developed for intervening into employment markets, their value is not limited to such markets and they may be usefully employed in others. Typical situations potentially calling for application of labor law (so defined) include any market with (1) inelasticity of supply; (2) collective action problems; (3) low trust and opportunism that prevent the formation of efficient long-term contracts; (4) inadequate incentives for investment in human capital; (5) information asymmetries; (6) monopsonistic buyers; (7) bilateral monopolies; and (8) cognitive disabilities resulting from individuals' use of decisional heuristics or other rational refusals to invest in information. Deciding whether, for example, physicians should be able to use labor law to form unions to negotiate with health insurance companies, calls for economic analysis of these market failures (if any), rather than the resemblances and dissimilarities of the underlying relationship to 18th century employment.
Effects of Epinephrine and Lipase on the Morphology of Insect Fat Body

Cytological studies were conducted on the fat body cells of Hyaloplora cecropia (L.) and Leucophaea maderae (F.) adults that had previously been incubated with epinephrine or lipase, to investigate the morphological effects of the lipolytic response previously demonstrated by biochemical methods. Adult H. cecropia fat body cells contain lipid globules but no discernible glycogen or protein bodies. There is a gradual depletion of lipid with epinephrine and a more rapid breakdown with lipase. Electron microscopic observations suggest an intracellular lipid transport role for the mitochondria during lipolysis. Adult L. maderae fat body cells also contain large lipid globules but contain glycogen and protein bodies as well. The most obvious effect elicited by epinephrine is the disappearance of glycogen from the cells. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that a catecholamine released from the corpus cardiacum is important in stimulating carbohydrate mobilization from the fat body into the hemolymph.
Plasma levels of lidocaine during continuous axillary block.

Tuohy 針と硬膜外カテーテルを用いた持続腋窩ブロックは他の腕神経叢ブロックと比べ, 簡便でしかも重篤な合併症の少ない方法である. しかし, ブロックが不充分である頻度が高く, 局麻剤の注入量も他の方法と比して多くなるのが最大の難点である.そこで我々はリドカインを用いた持続腋窩ブロックを施行し, TDXシステムにより血漿リドカイン濃度の変動を検索した. 肝•腎機能障害など全身疾患のない前腕手術の患者に対し, 初回量として2%リドカイン20ml, 追加量として90分後に7mlを間歇的に注入した. 血漿濃度は初回投与の15分後に3.2μg/mlの最高値をみたが, これは中枢神経系に対する中毒閾値といわれる5μg/ml未満であり, 本法の安全性を確め得た.
Origin of Functional Differences Between Male and Female Hypophyses.

SummaryTransplantation of testes of newborn males into the neck region of littermate females gives “takes” in 80% of the cases. In 48% the grafts do not interfere with normal endocrine or reproductive functions of the carrier, while in 32% the implanted testis assumes control of the sexual differentiation of the hypophysis. The male type hypophysis stimulates follicular development but not luteinization in the host ovary. These hosts start constant oestrus and maintain this condition after the removal of the testicular graft. It is concluded (1) that the cases with “constant oestrus” are those in which the implanted testis is sufficiently active to have a leading influence upon the hypophysis which responds with the male type of constant non-cyclic function; (2) that the hypophysis is permanently altered; (3) that the sex type of the hypophysis is secondary, depending upon the presence of differentiated sex glands.
Enthalpic Effects of Chain Length and Unsaturation on Water Permeability across Droplet Bilayers of Homologous Monoglycerides.

A deeper understanding of unassisted passive transport processes can better delineate basic lipid dynamics in biological membranes. A droplet interface bilayer (DIB) is made by contacting two aqueous droplets covered with a lipid monolayer, and has increasingly been employed as a model artificial biological membrane. In this study, we have investigated the effect of acyl chain structure of amphiphilic monoglycerides on the osmotic permeability of water across DIB membranes composed of these monoglycerides, where the acyl chain length (C14–C24), number of double bonds (1–4), and the position of double bond are varied systematically along the acyl chains. Both permeability values and activation energies have been extracted for water transport across a lipid bilayer formed of a homologous series of lipids, allowing us to make ready comparisons between the different lipids and potentially better elucidate the contributions that molecular motifs make to the permeation process.
Understanding the design of IBM neurosynaptic system and its tradeoffs: A user perspective

As a large-scale commercial spiking-based neuromorphic computing platform, IBM TrueNorth processor received tremendous attentions in society. However, one of the known issues in TrueNorth design is the limited precision of synaptic weights. The current workaround is running multiple neural network copies in which the average value of each synaptic weight is close to that in the original network. We theoretically analyze the impacts of low data precision in the TrueNorth chip on inference accuracy, core occupation, and performance, and present a probability-biased learning method to enhance the inference accuracy through reducing the random variance of each computation copy. Our experimental results proved that the proposed techniques considerably improve the computation accuracy of TrueNorth platform and reduce the incurred hardware and performance overheads. Among all the tested methods, L1TEA regularization achieved the best result, say, up to 2.74% accuracy enhancement when deploying MNIST application onto TrueNorth platform. In May 2016, IBM TrueNorth team implemented convolutional neural networks (CNN) on TrueNorth processor and coincidently use a similar method, say, trinary weights, {-1, 0, 1}. It achieves near state-of-the-art accuracy on 8 standard datasets. In addition, to further evaluate TrueNorth performance on CNN, we test similar deep convolutional networks on True-North, GPU and FPGA. Among all, GPU has the highest through-put. But if we consider energy consumption, TrueNorth processor is the most energy-efficient one, say, > 6000 frames/sec/Watt.
Commitments and Language

As I complete these pages, I find myself feeling disturbed. I have been talking in ways that go counter to much of contemporary philosophical fashion. Much of what I have said will be denounced as “old fashioned” and this will be because I have dared to consider problems that remain to plague us but are no longer as dominant in the literature as they once were. The philosophical world has become densely populated and with this increase in practicing and professing philosophers, has come the divisions and estrangements that are inevitable among large populations. The philosophical world seems to be divided along geographical lines in a way this is quite disconcerting and basically provincial. The United States and Great Britain have espoused a type of linguistic empiricism that derives from Hume, the Vienna Circle, Russell, and Moore. Much of the European continent has taken to one form or another of so-called Existentialism deriving from Kierkegaard, Husserl, Jaspers, Heidegger and Sartre. The Far East is struggling to achieve some sort of unity between its theological mysticism and a form of neoHegelianism. And, of course, the Soviet orbit is immersed in the official dogma of Dialectical Materialism fathered by Marx and developed by Engels, Lenin, and Stalin.
Spatial differences in the distributions of Arctic and Pacific lampreys in the eastern Bering Sea

AbstractArctic Lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus are ecologically and culturally valuable native species that co-occur in the eastern Bering Sea. Lamprey wounds are often observed on fishes in this region, yet there is a paucity of information on the distribution of anadromous lampreys, lamprey-host interactions, and foraging behavior in the ocean. Our hypothesis was that each lamprey species would be positively associated (distribution and abundance) with their presumed hosts: Arctic Lamprey with smaller fish that could easily be killed, and Pacific Lamprey with larger hosts that would sustain blood feeding. To examine lamprey distribution, abundance, and associations, we utilized data from two fishery-independent surveys, one epipelagic trawl and one benthic trawl, conducted between 2002 and 2012 in the eastern Bering Sea. Distinct distributions of lamprey species were evident in models of their presence and absence by latitude and longitude, where Arctic Lamp...
Inter-state Water Law in the United States of America, What Lessons for International Water Law?

The rich field of inter-state water law in the United States illustrates both successes and failures in transboundary water management and allocation. This monograph analyzes the three general approaches to water allocation between riparian states to certain shared watercourses in the United States, namely equitable apportionment, congressional apportionment, and inter-state compacts. This analysis is accompanied by a discussion and evaluation of the different cases of shared watercourses that applied these approaches, and a comparison of each of them to similar approaches in international water law. The monograph draws lessons for international water law from inter-state water law—highlighting the successful inter-state approaches that can be adopted by international water law, as well as the approaches that failed, and which should be avoided.
Brigham Young vs. The Bureau of Internal Revenue

In 1871, Brigham Young, the president and trustee-in-trust of the Mormon church, decided to end the church’s practice of tithing, a significant source of revenue for the Mormon church. This decision was the culmination of more than a year of conflict with the Bureau of Internal Revenue, which had decided that tithing was taxable under the Civil War income tax. At the time, Mormons distrusted the federal government, and the federal government, in turn distrusted the Mormons. The question of taxation was a small part of a larger legal and existential battle between the Mormons and the government. This Article situations the question of the taxability of tithing in the broader legal and relational conflict. More important, it tells the story of how the income tax threatened to fundamentally change the Mormon church, and how Mormon leaders reacted to that threat, both with an increasingly sophisticated legal argumentation and, in the event their legal argumentation failed, with planning to take the tax law into account.
Electro-Optical and Magneto-Optical Effects

In a paper [1] published in 1961, Toupin and Rivlin formulated a theory for the propagation of plane sinusoidal electromagnetic waves of infinitesimal amplitude in an isotropic centrosymmetric material to which large static electric and magnetic induction fields are applied. It was assumed that the material is such that the electric displacement and magnetic intensity fields at any instant depend, not only on the instantaneous values of the electric and magnetic induction fields, but also on their whole past history. However, this dependence on past history is of the fading memory type and accordingly the response to static fields, which have existed in the material for a sufficiently long time, is independent of the manner in which these fields were established in the distant past.
Consumption Style as Choice Under Risk Static Choice, Dynamic Irrationality and Crimes of Passion

A primal welfare function underlies the individual's utility function. Welfare level depends on the fulfillment of basic needs. Utility depends on the level of achievement of activities in fulfilling these needs. Each activity achievement level is a function of commodity and performance inputs, consumption performance styles, and environmental states resulting partly from stochastic processes. “Styles” are patterns by which commodities and labor are combined, representing strategies for interacting with environmental outcomes.
Juvenile Delinquencyamong African-American Males: Implications for Special Education

Juvenile delinquency is a pervasive and costly problem. As a society, we are losing too many youth to substance abuse, gang involvement, and criminal activity. The toll delinquency places on families, educational systems, and social welfare systems costs monetarily and socially. In this article, I review the research literature on juvenile delinquency among African-American males to determine (a) the quantity of research on this topic, (b) the quality of research, and (c) topics that have been investigated in this area. In particular, I sought to determine the degree to which researchers have focused on delinquency within the context of race and disability. In addition, I provide implications for future research with a focus on delinquency and disability.
Characteristics of Intact Wyoming Big Sagebrush Associations in Southeastern Oregon

Abstract The Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) alliance is the most extensive of the big sagebrush complex in the Intermountain West. There is a lack of information describing vegetation characteristics, diversity, and heterogeneity of the Wyoming big sagebrush alliance. We annually sampled 48 Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities over 10 yr to delineate major vegetation associations and describe their major vegetation characteristics including canopy cover, density, species richness, and yield. Six associations were identified on the basis of dominant or codominant perennial bunchgrass species, using MRPP analysis, and they included ARTRW8 (Wyoming big sagebrush)/PSSP6 (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love, bluebunch wheatgrass), ARTRW8/ACTH7 (Achnatherum thurberianum [Piper] Barkworth, Thurber’s needlegrass), ARTRW8/FEID (Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Idaho fescue), ARTRW8/HECO26 (Hesperostipa comata [Trin. & Rupr.] Barkworth, needle-and-thread), ARTRW8/PSSP6-ACTH7, and ARTRW8/PSSP6-FEID-ACTH7. On average, PSSP6 and FEID associations had the highest total herbaceous cover and annual yields and the HECO26 and ACTH7 associations had the lowest. Perennial forb cover averaged over 5% in PSSP6 and FEID associations and ranged from 0.3% to 3.5% in the other associations. Sagebrush cover was greatest in ACTH7 and PSSP6-ACTH7 and lowest in FEID and HECO26 associations. Habitat suitability criteria for sage-grouse indicated that Wyoming big sagebrush associations at the stand/site level will generally not meet breeding habitat requirements and only attain suitable habitat requirements for other life stages about 50% of the time.
WHAT SOCIAL SCIENCE MUST LEARN FROM THE HUMANITIES

Abstract Identifying a shift away from a more humanistic approach in the sociology and political science practiced in the United States since the 1950s, Jeffrey Alexander seeks to recuperate an intellectual tradition of the social sciences that places the cultural meanings and subjective dimensions of social actions at the very centre of analysis, while simultaneously considering the structure nature of social life. Opposing the ‘great divide’ between social sciences and humanities, therefore, Alexander proposes, via his strong program of cultural sociology, a conception of sociology that considers social facts not as ‘things’ but as ‘texts,’ analysing how cultural meanings are socially rooted and structure social life.
The simplicity of divine ideas: theistic conceptual realism and the doctrine of divine simplicity

There has been little discussion of the compatibility of Theistic Conceptual Realism (TCR) with the doctrine of divine simplicity (DDS). On the one hand, if a plurality of universals is necessary to explain the character of particular things, there is reason to think this commits the proponent of TCR to the existence of a plurality of divine concepts. So the proponent of the DDS has a prima facie reason to reject TCR (and vice versa). On the other hand, many mediaeval philosophers accept both the existence of divine ideas and the DDS. In this article I draw on mediaeval and contemporary accounts of properties and divine simplicity to argue that the two theories are not logically incompatible.
Women driving women: drivers of women-only taxis in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract This paper explores the work narratives of drivers of women-only taxis in Iran to gain an understanding of how they navigate the world of driving segregated taxis. Iran's shift from a secular to an Islamic state in 1979 reinforced the gendered constructions of the public sphere through policies and practices that encouraged women’'s roles in the private sphere and channeled their realms of public participation into traditionally feminine domains to the greatest extent possible. Previous research provides important insights into the consequences of the post-revolutionary gender discourse for women. However, little attention has been paid to on-the-ground nuances of women’s day-to-day navigations of the public realm. Using in-depth qualitative data from interviews with 40 female taxi drivers, this study shows how these women incorporate cultural beliefs and values that have been central to the “gendering” of public life in the post-revolutionary context into their daily strategies of negotiations and resilience.
Alcohol Intoxication and Cognition: Implications on Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Binge alcohol drinking is highly prevalent in young adults and results in 30% deaths per year in young males. Binge alcohol drinking or acute alcohol intoxication is a risk factor for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Three FDA approved drugs are currently in use as therapy for AUD; however, all of them have contra-indications and limitations. Structural brain imaging studies in alcoholics have shown defects in the brain regions involved in memory, cognition and emotional processing. Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiotracers (e.g., 18FDG) and measuring brain glucose metabolism have demonstrated diagnostic and prognostic utility in evaluating patients with cognitive impairment. Using PET imaging, only a few exclusive human studies have addressed the relationship between alcohol intoxication and cognition. Those studies indicate that alcohol intoxication causes reduction in brain activity. Consistent with prior findings, a recent study by us showed that acute alcohol intoxication reduced brain activity in the cortical and subcortical regions including the temporal lobe consisting the hippocampus. Additionally, we have observed a strong correlation between reduction in metabolic activity and spatial cognition impairment in the hippocampus after binge alcohol exposure. We have also demonstrated the involvement of a stress response protein, cold inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP), as a potential mechanistic mediator in acute alcohol intoxication. In this review, we will first discuss in detail prior human PET imaging studies on alcohol intoxication as well as our recent study on acute alcohol intoxication, and review the existing literature on potential mechanisms of acute alcohol intoxication-induced cognitive impairment and therapeutic strategies to mitigate these impairments. Finally, we will highlight the importance of studying brain regions as part of a brain network in delineating the mechanism of acute alcohol intoxication-induced cognitive impairment to aid in the development of therapeutics for such indication.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Pilot Economic Decision Analysis:

Background:The operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures has been associated with lower rerupture rates and better function but also a risk of surgery-related complications compared with nono...
Quartic Coincidences and the Singular Value Decomposition

The singular value decomposition is a workhorse in many areas of applied mathematics and the insights it gives to linear transformations is beautiful. Using the geometry given by the SVD, we prove ...
Surgical management of neonates with critical congenital heart diseases

Objective To summarize our experience on the surgical management of neonates with critical congenital heart diseases.Methods From January to June 2012,51 neonates with critical congenital heart diseases undertook surgical repair in our center.These patients included 37 males and 14 females.Their age ranged from 2 to 30 days old,and the average age was (12± 6)days old.They weighted from 1.0 to 4.3 kilograms with an average weight of (3.1 ± 0.7)kilograms.Results The mortality was 7.8％.Four patients died after surgery,1 patient with pulmonary venous drainage died of postoperative pulmonary hypertension,1 patient with died of severe postoperative hypoxemia and malignant arrhythmia,1 with Taussig-Bing malformation died of heart failure and low cardiac output syndrome,the other 1 with tricuspid atresia died of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.The rest of these patients recovered well without any complications.Conclusions Surgery is feasible for the treatment of critical congenital heart diseases in neonates. Key words: Heart diseases; Infant; newborn; Cardiac surgical procedures
A Data-informed Model for Building Research Capacity in Out-of-home Care and Treatment Settings for Children and Youth

In response to the continuing need for agencies providing residential care and treatment to children and youth to develop and/or to enhance their ability to examine the effectiveness and efficiency...
SVAR (Mis)identification and the Real Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks

I argue that the seemingly disparate findings of the recent empirical literature on monetary policy transmission are all consistent with the same standard macro models. Weak sign restrictions, which suggest that contractionary monetary policy, if anything, boosts output, present as policy shocks what actually are expansionary demand and supply shocks. Classical zero restrictions are robust to such misidentification, but miss short-horizon effects. Two recent approaches—restrictions on Taylor rules and external instruments—instead work well. My findings suggest that empirical evidence is consistent with models in which the real effects of monetary policy are larger than commonly estimated.
Safe care on maternity units: a multidimensional balancing act.

What are the key features of hospitals that consistently deliver safe care on labour and delivery? This is the primary question posed by Liberati and colleagues in this issue of BMJ Quality & Safety .1 The authors propose a framework distilled from observations on a group of high-performing units in the UK participating in a training activity to improve patient safety. This study combined ethnography with individual interviews and focus groups and involved over 400 hours of total observations at six different maternity care sites. The seven features in their resulting For Us framework correspond well to existing theoretical as well as applied quality improvement strategies. While we agree that their framework describes features that every labour and delivery unit should strive to include, this approach has some limitations in terms of generalisability. Specifically, Liberati and colleagues studied maternity units that are high performing, but their sample included only large-volume hospitals in what appear to be well-resourced settings. What is potentially missing is observations on underperforming units, and how these findings may or may not apply to smaller, lower resourced settings. Additionally, the structure of the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) also limits generalisability. For example, this is most analogous to employed physician models in the USA, with the potential advantage of a more organisationally oriented provider workforce. Given that most US hospitals do not have an employed provider model, we can’t assume that these factors will have the same impact in other models of care. In the USA, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed a Culture of Safety framework that delineates four key features: (1) organisations recognise that their primary activities are inherently high risk and make it their goal to operate in a reliably safe manner; (2) organisations create a safe and blame-free reporting …
Executive Function in Autism: Association with ADHD and ASD Symptoms

There is substantial comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and there are well-documented executive functioning (EF) deficits in both populations. An important question concerns whether EF deficits in children with ASD are related to severity of ASD, ADHD, or both. We examined ADHD and ASD symptoms in relation to ratings of EF in the home and classroom. The sample comprised 64 children (55 males) diagnosed with ASD (mean age = 9.26 years; mean FSIQ = 92). Analyses indicated that parent and teacher ratings of EF (except Shift and Emotional Control) were consistently related to ADHD symptom severity, but not to ASD severity. Thus, functioning in the domains of Shift and Emotional control appear relatively spared, whereas performance in all other EF was impaired in relation to ADHD symptoms.
Development of Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves Based on Dynamically Downscaled Climate Data: Arizona Case Study

AbstractThe ideal framework for water infrastructure design in any region relies on rainfall characteristics of that region, which is defined through rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) cur...
Association of Alcohol Use and Physical Activity with Body Mass Index in Mexican-Origin Adults.

Studies across racial/ethnic groups indicate that physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption are positively associated, and that alcohol consumption is negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), but this relationship is less often evaluated in Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between alcohol consumption, PA, and BMI in Hispanic adults. In this secondary data analysis of a Mexican-American cohort, we collected self-reported PA, alcohol consumption, and demographics, and measured height and weight. Linear regression assessed the association between PA and alcohol consumption with BMI, controlling for covariates. Total sample for analyses was n = 3897. We found an inverse relationship between high PA and BMI in the full sample (adjusted estimate = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.07, − 0.01) and in females, but not males. We also found an inverse relationship between current alcohol use and BMI in the full sample (adjusted estimate = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.01) and both sexes. There was no significant interaction between PA and alcohol use on BMI. In this study of Mexican-origin adults, current alcohol use and high PA were associated with lower BMIs, but there was no interaction between PA and alcohol use. These results can be used to inform multiple behavior change interventions in Mexican-origin adults.
On Random Sets for Inference in Statistics and Econometrics

This paper aims at pointing out a variety of statistical structural models in which parameters of interest are subsets rather than points in parameter spaces, especially in partially identified econometric models. For conducting inferences in such situations, we emphasize the need to use random set theory and elaborate upon statistics of random sets.
Not open for all: accessibility of open textbooks

In order for open educational resources (OERs) to be truly open to all, they must be accessible to learners with disabilities, including those with visual, auditory, physical and cognitive disabilities. This study sought to determine the accessibility of a randomly selected sample of 355 open textbooks using a custom rubric based upon the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C’s) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), version 2.1, primarily at the Levels A and AA. Included books fell into one of four format types: HTML files/websites, PDFs, Microsoft Word documents and EPUBs. The average number of ‘fails’ – instances in which they ran afoul of a rubric category – across the whole sample was 5.93 and the median was 6, out of a total of 14 or 15 categories, depending on the format type. Overall, most of the books did not meet basic accessibility requirements, such as including alternative text for any images, properly coding/tagging any tables and following a logical heading order structure.
Geometric and area parameterization of N-edged hyperbolic paraboloidal umbrellas

Abstract The legacy of master builder Felix Candela is cemented by his widespread adoption of thin hyperbolic paraboloid (hypar) umbrellas within architecture across the Americas. Exhibiting any number of edges, with or without parabolic bisectors, these inverted umbrellas perfectly embody the amalgamation of efficiency, economy, and elegance as emblematic of structural art. Yet, a consistent mathematical description of their unique form does not presently exist in the literature. As such, Candela’s umbrellas have rarely been the subject of rigorous structural analysis, nor frequently featured in contemporary architectural planning. This paper introduces equations to parametrize the geometry of hypar umbrellas with any arbitrary number of edges and parabolic bisectors for analysis and design applications. A simplified method computing the surface area of Candela’s umbrellas based on regular pyramids is also presented. As such, this work provides an exact geometrical description of N-sided hypar umbrellas, thus removing the need for manual surface generation via computer-aided design (CAD) prior to numerical analyses.
Model Predictions of Magnetosheath Conditions

The magnetosheath and its two boundaries - the bow shock and the magnetopause - interface the magnetosphere with the solar wind. This interface specifies the upstream conditions for magnetospheric models. Major progress has been made in the last few years in specifying the magnetosheath conditions. The classical Spreiter magnetosheath model is modified to include more physical processes. The modified model has been tested under various upstream conditions. Magnetohydrodynamic models have been developed. The spatial and temporal resolutions of these models are limited by the computer capability and costs for running. The performance of these models remains to be tested. The modified Spreiter model provides fast and inexpensive specification of the magnetosheath conditions. The direction of the magnetic field in the magnetosheath, which is most important for space weather magnetospheric models, is the best-predicted quantity. This paper summarizes the model approximations, procedures and validations.
Four Distinctions That Glanville Williams Did Not Make: The Practical Benefits of Examining the Interrelation Among Criminal Law Doctrines

While Glanville Williams was a pioneer in his time, he remained quite mainstream when it came to the framework for organizing criminal law doctrines. His books were influential and he could have helped reshaped that framework but was content to leave it as essentially that which evolved at common law, even though many improvements could have be made. For example, he was well aware of the justification-excuse distinction but rejected it as an organizing principle, not because he did not see the distinction as rational, but because he did not see it as having practical value.This essay attempts to take up Williams' challenge, and to show that there are indeed significant practical benefits that flow from a variety of distinctions, some that Williams knew about and others that he did not. Its general claim is that there can be great practical value in investigating the interrelation among doctrines – both the similarities and the differences among different doctrines. This is not true of all distinctions; some may be of interest only to moral philosophers. But those that do have practical value ought to be incorporated into the framework of criminal law that governs how judges, lawyers, and lawmakers think about that body of law.
Gesture Recognition Based on Manifold Learning

Current feature-based gesture recognition systems use human-chosen features to perform recognition. Effective features for classification can also be automatically learned and chosen by the computer. In other recognition domains, such as face recognition, manifold learning methods have been found to be good nonlinear feature extractors. Few manifold learning algorithms, however, have been applied to gesture recognition. Current manifold learning techniques focus only on spatial information, making them undesirable for use in the domain of gesture recognition where stroke timing data can provide helpful insight into the recognition of hand-drawn symbols. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for multi-stroke gesture recognition, which integrates timing data into a manifold learning algorithm based on a kernel Isomap. Experimental results show it to perform better than traditional human-chosen feature-based systems.
Organization-Level Predictors of Sustained Social Movement Participation

Long-term sustained participation represents one of the most important resources available to community organizations and social movement organizations (SMOs). The participatory literature on community and SMOs has identified a host of individual-level factors that influence participation beyond initial engagement, and has more recently identified contextual factors that influence participation. This study builds upon current understandings of participation in SMOs by examining how sustained participation in movement activities is affected by two qualities of SMO settings: repertoire of organizational activity, and equality of staff contact with organization members to cultivate and facilitate individual participation. To this end, we employ multi-level regression techniques to examine longitudinal data on participation within 50 local chapters of a national congregation-based community organizing federation. We find that the conduct of organizational activities previously shown to increase levels of participation among individual persons does not necessarily lead to increases in aggregate or organization-level participation. Further, we find that conditions of unequal staff contact among organization members represent a notable drag on organization-level participation over time. Our findings suggest that organizers and organizational leaders may well see greater levels of participation in their organizations by simply re-distributing resources and opportunities more equitably within their organizations.
Neuropsychological Findings in High-Functioning Men with Infantile Autism, Residual State

Abstract Ten men (ages 18–39) with clear histories of Infantile autism and approximately average verbal and nonverbal intelligence were studied with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Comparisons with 10 matched normal controls showed no significant differences in many visuoperceptual or memory skills or in sensory-perceptual or motor skills or their lateralization. Differences seen on language measures were small, but statistically significant. In contrast to this, the autistic group demonstrated dramatic deficits on simple and complex, verbal and nonverbal problem-solving tasks, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, selected tasks from the Stanford-Binet, and the Trail Making Test. A left-hemisphere hypothesis of autism was not supported, nor was there compelling evidence of any posterior cortical deficit. Results are compatible with frontal-system dysfunction or with more widespread pathology.
Object-oriented paradigm: component-oriented simulation architecture: toward interoperability and interchangeability

In this paper we investigate two issues at the kernel of simulation reusability: interoperability and interchangeability. Their implications on the simulation technology are discussed. Based on our previous work on simulation component oriented world view and simulation component classification, the Component-ORiented Simulation Architecture (CORSA) is devised to address both issues. The ideas and considerations which motivated us in developing CORSA are discussed. The design and implementation of a prototype is also described briefly. A sequential PCS simulation has been developed using CORSA. This exercise demonstrated several advantages of the component-based approach: flexibility, extensibility as well as reusability. Experimental results show that the component-based approach is only slightly slower than the monolithic approach, whose complexity quickly grows to nearly unsurmountable proportions with the growth of complexity of the simulated system.
Renal Cortical Adenylate Cyclase: Characterization of Magnesium Activation

The kinetic characteristics of Mg2+ and substrate (Mg-ATP) utilization by renal cortical plasma membrane adenylate cyclase were investigated in the presence or absence of PTH and with either guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) or guanyl-5′-yl-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] included in the reaction mixture. Basal- and PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was found to be dependent on Mg2+. Gpp(NH)p, but not GTP, resulted in hysteretic activation of renal cortical adenylate clase which was abolished with PTH activation. Gpp(NH)p augmented basal adenylate cyclase activity approximately 5-fold greater than GTP. PTH caused a 2-fold increase in activity over basal in the presence of 0.01 mm Gpp(NH)p but a 10-fold increase was seen in the presence of 0.01 mm and 0.10 mm GTP. Maximum velocity (Vmax) under basal conditions and with PTH activation was similar regardless of which guanine nucleotide was included in the reaction mixture. Linear regression analysis of cAMP accumulation with varying Mg2+ concentrations (0....
Enteric and plant derived deterrents in regurgitate of American bird grasshopper, Schistocerca americana

Regurgitates of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana were deterrent to Crematogaster ants. Regurgitates obtained from insects fed upon wheat seedlings were more strongly deterrent than those obtained from insects fed on romaine lettuce leaves. After extraction of the regurgitates with ethyl acetate, deterrence could be demonstrated in both the organic and aqueous phases. Wheat seedlings, lettuce, and feces from wheat- or lettuce-fed insects yielded extracts with lower deterrency. Our results suggest that deterrents in the organic phase of the regurgitate are primarily due to the presence of plant natural products, whereas the deterrency of the aqueous phase is probably due to digestive enzymes from enteric components, probably digestive enzymes.