cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Graded Levels of p-Ureidobenzenearsonic Acid Against Different Levels of Exposure to Histomoniasis in Turkeys 5 and 13 Weeks Old

Abstract WELTER and Clark (1961) reported that p-ureidobenzenearsonic acid (p-UBAA), administered continuously starting one week before infection, reduced mortality and lesions due to histomoniasis. Similar results were obtained in challenge experiments by Sullivan et al. (1964, 1965), when dietary treatments were initiated five days prior to exposure. Lund (1955) studied histomoniasis mortality as related to the size of the infective dose. He observed a decrease in mortality as the infective dose was decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of graded levels of p-UBAA against different levels of exposure to histomoniasis in turkeys five and 13 weeks of age. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Two challenge experiments were conducted in which turkeys were artificially exposed to embryonated Heterakis gallinae ova containing Histomonas meleagridis. Exposure was accomplished by placing the H. gallinae ova directly into the crop by means of a pipette. The post-challenge periods were 28 and 27 days for . . .
An Evaluation of SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic Analysis for the Determination of Intrageneric Relationships of Vairimorpha Isolates

Abstract Extracts of hydrophilic exosporal proteins of three described species and three undescribed isolates of microsporidia of the genus Vairimorpha were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles from the six isolates consisted of peptide bands ranging in number from 23 to 30. The relative mobilities of the bands were compared between isolates and coefficients of similarity were calculated. Two distinct groups were apparent: Vairimorpha necatrix, Vairimorpha plodiae, Vairimorpha heterosporum , and an undescribed isolate from the lepidopteran Heliothis armigera formed a related group, while the microsporidian isolates from the lepidopterans Alabama argillacea and Utethesia bella were more related to each other than to the former group. The reliability, however, of similarity coefficients as indicators of species relatedness appears to be questionable as the value is dependent on the number of bands detectable. Other techniques may be more useful for determining intrageneric relatedness than SDS-PAGE.
Membrane-based extractive fermentation to produce propionic and acetic acids: Toxicity and mass transfer considerations

A series of microporous membranes and polymer films was examined for mass transfer performance in the membrane-based extraction of propionic and acetic acids. A range of organic solvents and acid-complexing carriers was screened for toxic effects on a strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Based on these results, more extensive studies were made of the extraction kinetics of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide in the diluents decane and kerosene. After the supported liquid membrane configuration showed problems with stability, the TOPO/kerosene in Celgard X-20 microporous membrane system was chosen for use in an extractive fermentation with the membrane between the fermentation broth and bulk extractant in a hollow fiber module.
Determination of a source term in a linear parabolic partial differential equation

The determination of a spatially dependent source term in a linear parabolic differential equation whose coefficients depend only on the space variable from the specification of the heat flux at one of the boundaries in addition to the usual boundary-initial conditions is a not wellposed problem in the sense of Hadamard. Continuous dependence upon the data is studied and it is demonstrated that the asymptotic dependence as the norm of the data tends to zero is no worse than logarithmic.
Lipoproteins, diabeto-genicity, age and risk of diabetes mellitus death.

Objective: To examine the clinical significance of a specific relationship between very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), namely their differential, in relation to Type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Methods: The study subjects were 300 female and 300 male patients of doctors in city and rural New South Wales referred for lipid studies. Their clinical notes suggested a relationship of VLDL-HDL to diabetes mellitus (DM) and it was therefore hypothesised that this expression is a functional measure of diabeto-genicity. Results: By incorporation of age, a calculated measure of risk of overt DM and consequent death can be derived. This is confirmed by comparing the age incidence of this risk function with the age incidence of death attributed to DM in the Australian population to give a simple linear correlation. The principal conclusion is drawn from a mathematical model of the population incidence of DM in terms of VLDL, HDL and age. Conclusion: From this model springs the inference that NIDDM is a cumulative dyslipidaemia-over-time process. If this inference is correct, NIDDM can properly be viewed as a societal disease of which all run a measurable risk that increases with age and from which all will die in the long term who do not die sooner from another cause. Implications: The implications for public health are the ability to identify the individuals at raised risk before DM becomes symptomatic by lipoprotein screening, and the ability to lower risk of DM over the whole population by preventive measures with increased longevity for all.
Construct Validity of the Attitudes about Reality Scale

To explore the construct validity of the Attitudes About Reality Scale, a measure of personal epistemology grounded on a social constructionist to logical positivist continuum, 118 employees of a mental health center completed the Attitudes About Reality Scale, three subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory as a measure of empathy, the Social Interest Inventory as a measure of the Adlerian social interest concept, the Multistimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance-I as a measure of tolerance for ambiguity, the Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Significant correlations were found between scores on the Attitudes About Reality Scale and both The Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale and Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance-I as hypothesized. Those individuals holding master's and doctoral degrees scored significantly lower on the Attitudes About Reality Scale in the social constructionist direction than those with technical or trade school education, but no other differences on demographic measures were noted.
Transfer of resonance-line radiation in differentially expanding atmospheres. I - General considerations and Monte Carlo calculations.

A Monte Carlo method is given for analyzing the transfer of resonance radiation in a rapidly and differentially expanding nebula. Coherence in the frame of the atom is shown to lead to interesting modifications of the emergent radiation field, as compared with the other more usual assumptions of coherence or redistribution in the fluid frame. Results are presented in tabular form suitable for further use. Sample line profiles produced by pure scattering out of the continuum are generated, and it is shown that an arbitrarily high peak can be obtained. This conclusion is independent of the coherence assumption used. The distribution of the number of scatterings is found in all cases. An analytic solution is presented for the case of coherence in the fluid frame.
Developing a remote release mechanism in support of unmanned aerial systems: A comparison of two separate approaches in freshman engineering design

As restrictions on operating small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) in the United States national airspace system (NAS) have compounded university researchers in this discipline have had to react by developing increasingly more novel ways to collect remote sensing data. Current restrictions by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) require universities to apply for a Certificate of Authorization (COA) to operate any remote control device for the purposes of research. Previously, many universities operated under Advisory Circular (AC) 91-57 (for model aircraft operators). University research does not fall under this circular and therefore, alternative methods of gathering aerial images in support of the universities remote sensing projects needed to be explored. The freshman engineering design course at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore is a multidisciplinary and collaborative effort between the Engineering Program and Aviation Sciences Program faculty. Introductory engineering design process theory is taught by engineering faculty while students engage in an experiential exercise in problem solving with the Aviation faculty serving the role of a client with a specific problem that needs to be remedied. This paper outlines the freshmen engineering design process from the introduction of the initial problem statement, mid-term review and final product delivery of a remote release system for a non-powered glider sensor system. The aviation faculty serving as the client is involved with the class from initial team selection to evaluation of the final product and student's presentation abilities. Students were asked to design a remote release system that would support the deployment of the client's glider platform from an existing kite lifting device. The freshman design class was divided into two groups and asked to design systems that would meet the clients design criteria. The authors present an in depth comparison of design approaches, execution and lessons learned. Group leadership dynamics are considered.
New insights into the effects of sugar on the hydration and microstructure of cement pastes

The effects of adding sugar to cement paste on hydration and microstructure were observed. While 1% sugar delayed hydration as expected, the delay period was shortened by increased curing temperature. When samples containing sugar began to react, hydration progressed very quickly and the degree of hydration soon surpassed that of control samples. Sugar addition increased the surface area and altered the pore size distribution, as measured by nitrogen, of cement pastes. Results indicate that sugar not only alters the rate of cement paste hydration, but the microstructure of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) as well.
A circular mitochondrial plasmid incites hypovirulence in some strains of Cryphonectria parasitica

In the chestnut-blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, a plasmid, pCRY1, occurs in the mitochondria of several strains isolated at various locations in the northeastern United States and Canada. The monomer of this plasmid is a 4.2-kb circular double-stranded DNA that has no detectable sequence homology with the 160-kb mitochondrial DNA of Ep155, a standard virulent laboratory strain of C. parasitica. The circular nature and oligomeric characteristics of the plasmid were deduced from the heterogeneous size of plasmid DNA molecules as detected by one- and two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, the nature and alignment of restriction fragments, and the lack of detectable termini in the nucleotide sequence. The cytoplasmic location of the plasmid was deduced from its co-purification with mitochondria, uniparental (maternal) transmission in sexual crosses, dissociation from the nuclei of the donor strain during its horizontal transfer between vegetatively compatible strains through hyphal anastomoses, and mitochondrial codon usage (UGA = Try). The pCRY1 plasmid contains a long open reading frame that is transcribed and potentially encodes a unique 1214 amino-acid, B-family DNA polymerase similar to those encoded by the LaBelle and Fiji circular mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora. In this subgroup of proteins, the DTD motif characteristic of B-family DNA polymerases is replaced by TTD. Amino-acid motifs related to those that are characteristic of the 3'-->5' exonuclease domains of B-family DNA polymerases have been located in the amino-terminal portion of the proteins. A comparison of isogenic plasmid-free and plasmid-containing cultures indicates that pCRY1 is an infectious agent that effects a reduction in the pathogenicity of some, but not all, strains of C. parasitica.
Determination of the Effective Mass of the Localized Electron in Dense Helium Gas from Space-Charge—Limited Currents

The effective mass of the localized electron in dense helium gas at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K has been determined from measurements of space-charge-limited currents. We derive a value of about 3 helium masses from our results.
An Investigation of Trust, Satisfaction, and Commitment on Repurchase Intentions in Professional Services

Abstract The predictive ability of trust, satisfaction, and commitment regarding a customer's intent to retain professional service providers is explored. Trust, in business relationships, is typic...
Testing for the number of components in a mixture of normal distributions using moment estimators

Abstract We develop two procedures based on the moment estimators that can be used to test for the number of component distributions in a mixture of normal distributions with equal variances. One is a computationally fast moment version of the likelihood ratio procedure. We apply these procedures to the classic problem of testing for the presence of two normal components versus a null hypothesis of normality. Our simulations show that these test procedures are quite powerful for many mixture alternatives, and, most importantly, that the moment version of the likelihood procedure is almost as powerful as the likelihood ratio test.
A new phase space method for recovering index of refraction from travel times

We develop a new phase space method for reconstructing the index of refraction of a medium from travel time measurements. The method is based on the so-called Stefanov–Uhlmann identity which links two Riemannian metrics with their travel time information. We design a numerical algorithm to solve the resulting inverse problem. The new algorithm is a hybrid approach that combines both Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations. In particular the Lagrangian formulation in phase space can take into account multiple arrival times naturally, while the Eulerian formulation for the index of refraction allows us to compute the solution in physical space. Numerical examples including isotropic metrics and the Marmousi synthetic model are shown to validate the new method.
Bringing laptops to class: the front lines of curricular computing

It's 10:05am. Sixty students and their professor want to use network-dependent applications over a wireless network on their laptops. Forty students have file-sharing software active, thirty have spyware infested computers, and five have Nachi. Class started five minutes ago; what can you do? This scene, and many others, played out at Drew University, where students are all issued laptops upon entry. Our faculty use technology in innovative ways, but only if it is reliable and transparent to their class. With technology-enhanced classrooms spread across campus, how do we best leverage and support the infrastructure if student computers are problematic? How do we support faculty in their pedagogical uses of our laptop program? This year, Drew celebrates its 20th year distributing computers to students. In this paper, I will discuss the issues of supporting curricular computing in the classroom, specifically relating to laptop initiatives. This will include a review of the challenges we've encountered in helping faculty and students use these tools, as well as steps taken to overcome those challenges.
Development and Experimental Validation of a Micro/Nano Thermal Ground Plane

Heat pipes are commonly used in electronics cooling applications to spread heat from a concentrated heat source to a larger heat sink. Heat pipes work on the principles of two-phase heat transfer by evaporation and condensation of a working fluid. The amount of heat that can be transported is limited by the capillary and hydrostatic forces in the wicking structure of the device. Thermal ground planes are two-dimensional high conductivity heat pipes that can serve as thermal ground to which heat can be rejected by a multitude of heat sources. As hydrostatic forces are dependent on gravity, it is commonly known that heat pipe and thermal ground plane performance is orientation dependent. The effect of variation of gravity force on performance is discussed and the development of a miniaturized thermal ground plane for high g operation is described. In addition, experimental results are presented from zero to −10g acceleration. The study shows and discusses that minimal orientation or g-force dependence can be achieved if pore dimensions in the wicking structure can be designed at micro/nano-scale dimensions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Emergency departments and uninsured children: an enrollment opportunity.

Abstract [Nedza SM, Mulligan-Smith D, Harris R. Emergency departments and uninsured children: an enrollment opportunity. Ann Emerg Med. September 2000;36:240-242.]
PyMTL: A Unified Framework for Vertically Integrated Computer Architecture Research

Technology trends prompting architects to consider greater heterogeneity and hardware specialization have exposed an increasing need for vertically integrated research methodologies that can effectively assess performance, area, and energy metrics of future architectures. However, constructing such a methodology with existing tools is a significant challenge due to the unique languages, design patterns, and tools used in functional-level (FL), cycle-level (CL), and register-transfer-level (RTL) modeling. We introduce a new framework called PyMTL that aims to close this computer architecture research methodology gap by providing a unified design environment for FL, CL, and RTL modeling. PyMTL leverages the Python programming language to create a highly productive domain-specific embedded language for concurrent-structural modeling and hardware design. While the use of Python as a modeling and framework implementation language provides considerable benefits in terms of productivity, it comes at the cost of significantly longer simulation times. We address this performance-productivity gap with a hybrid JIT compilation and JIT specialization approach. We introduce Sim JIT, a custom JIT specialization engine that automatically generates optimized C++ for CL and RTL models. To reduce the performance impact of the remaining unspecialized code, we combine Sim JIT with an off-the-shelf Python interpreter with a meta-tracing JIT compiler (PyPy). Sim JIT+PyPy provides speedups of up to 72× for CL models and 200× for RTL models, bringing us within 4--6× of optimized C++ code while providing significant benefits in terms of productivity and usability.
Characterization of an antibacterial factor in human parotid secretions, active against Lactobacillus casei

Further characteristics of an antibacterial agent present in human parotid secretion, active against Lactobacillus casei (A.T.C.C. 4646), have been demonstrated. Two components, consisting of a salivary protein fraction and thiocyanate, are necessary for the inhibiting activity of parotid secretion. The salivary protein fraction appears to possess the characteristics of an enzyme, whereas the thiocyanate acts as a substrate rather than a co-factor. Fractional extraction of the test organism has yielded an acceptor material located in the cytoplasm rather than associated with cell wall. The sulphur and carbon atoms of the thiocyanate ion are transferred to the cell acceptor material. Thiocyanate reaction with a bacterial cell component in the presence of salivary non-diffusable material was demonstrated both by a decrease in original medium ionic thiocyanate and by the appearance of reacted thiocyanate within inhibited cells. The reacted thiocyanate complex has been shown to have an altered charge by ion exchange behaviour and appears to have a molecular weight under 5000 determined on Sephadex gel columns. The bulk of the reacted thiocyanate was detected in the growth medium of the inhibited cells by its behavior on ion exchange and Sephadex gel columns.
Grid services for earthquake science

We describe an information system architecture for the ACES (Asia–Pacific Cooperation for Earthquake Simulation) community. It addresses several key features of the field—simulations at multiple scales that need to be coupled together; real-time and archival observational data, which needs to be analyzed for patterns and linked to the simulations; a variety of important algorithms including partial differential equation solvers, particle dynamics, signal processing and data analysis; a natural three-dimensional space (plus time) setting for both visualization and observations; the linkage of field to real-time events both as an aid to crisis management and to scientific discovery. We also address the need to support education and research for a field whose computational sophistication is rapidly increasing and spans a broad range. The information system assumes that all significant data is defined by an XML layer which could be virtual, but whose existence ensures that all data is object-based and can be accessed and searched in this form. The various capabilities needed by ACES are defined as grid services, which are conformant with emerging standards and implemented with different levels of fidelity and performance appropriate to the application. Grid Services can be composed in a hierarchical fashion to address complex problems. The real-time needs of the field are addressed by high-performance implementation of data transfer and simulation services. Further, the environment is linked to real-time collaboration to support interactions between scientists in geographically distant locations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative stress and dopamine deficiency in a genetic mouse model of Lesch–Nyhan disease

Lesch-Nyhan disease, a neurogenetic disorder caused by congenital deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, is associated with a prominent loss of striatal dopamine. The current studies address the hypothesis that oxidant stress causes damage or dysfunction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in a knockout mouse model of the disease, by assessing several markers of oxidative damage and free radical scavenging systems. Some of these measures provided evidence for an increase in oxidative stress in the mutant mice (aconitase activity, oxidized glutathione, and lipid peroxides), but others did not (superoxide dismutase, protein thiol content, carbonyl protein content, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and thiobarbituric reducing substances). Immunolocalization of heme-oxygenase 1 provided no evidence for oxidative stress restricted to specific elements of the striatum or midbrain in the mutants. Striatal dopamine systems of the mutant mice were more vulnerable to a challenge with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, but they were not protected by cross-breeding the mutants with transgenic mice over-expressing superoxide dismutase. Overall, these data provide evidence for increased oxidative stress, but the failure to protect the knockout mice by over-expressing SOD1 argues that oxidative stress is not the sole process responsible for the loss of striatal dopamine.
Patterns in the Use of the Present Tense Third Person Singular –s by University‐Level ESL Speakers

Krashen's distinction between acquisition and learning has been discussed widely in the recent ESL literature. Reported here are two studies of oral performance by university ESL students which show patterns of use of the present tense third person singular morpheme (-s) that are interpreted in terms of this distinction. In the first study, speech taken to represent the acquired language system was elicited by asking subjects to talk about several pictures. Analysis of correctly and incorrectly formed third person singular verbs showed that subjects tended to cluster the s's on a few verbs rather than randomly distributing them over all verbs. This pattern suggests that the morpheme may be acquired, not in isolation, but attached to particular verbs. The second study investigated this pattern further by looking at seven third person singular verbs in imitated sentences. Here, just under half of the subjects produced the non-random cluster pattern. The remaining subjects attached the s more randomly to all verbs in a pattern that most likely represents application of a learned rule (monitoring). A difficulty index constructed for the verbs used in the non-random pattern suggests that phonetic environment and perhaps frequency of use influence the order in which verbs attract s. Implications for the classroom are discussed.
The metabolism of antigen and antibody.

T HIS presentation will be concerned primarily with the chemical and physiologic investigation of the metabolism of antigen and antibody which has been undertaken in our laboratory in an attempt to learn more about the basic mechanisms of the immune response. No general review of the field will be attempted, but it should be noted that much of our work stems from the earlier observations of Glenny, Heidelberger, Whipple, Taliaferro, and their co-workers. I should also like to mention those wit,h whom I have had the pleasure to collaborate in these studies: Dr. Samuel Bukantz and Dr. David Talmage, both members of your academy, Dr. Paul Maurer of our Department of Pathology, and Dr. Gustave Dammin of the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School. Most of the work that has been done on the nature of the immune response has concentrated on either the fate of antigen or the production of antibody with few attempts to study both sides of this immunologic coin in the same system. A notable exception is the recent work of Libby and Madison, and of Erickson, Armen, and Libby on the fate of tobacco mosaic virus in mice and the associated antibody response.laq b Detailed knowledge of the in vivo fate of a given antigen and the rate and duration of the resultant antibody synthesis is necessary to help answer some. of the questions concerning the nature of antibody synthesis, particularly in regard to the role played by the antigen. To arrive at this knowledge an experimental model was required in which the interdependent catabolism of antigen and metabolism of antibody might both be subjected to quantitative analysis. The antigen in this model had to be both relatively pure, in order to make quantitation feasible, and also readily catabolized by the host so that the complications resulting from undue persistence of antigen in the host would be minimized. Fractionated serum protein antigens trace labeled with P31 seemed to fulfill these requirements and have proved to be a most useful tool. They are readily labeled in vitro,
Plane Hydrodynamic flows with steady vorticity: a reduction theorem

Besides steady plane flows and unsteady plane flows of constant and steady vorticity, there are only two simple types of plane hydrodynamic flows with steady vorticity. These two types of unsteady flows have steady streamlines that are parallel straight lines or concentric circles.
Visual evoked potential changes induced by methylphenidate in hyperactive children: Dose/response effects

Abstract Visual event related potentials (ERP) were recorded from 21 hyperactive children aged 7–13 years under two attention conditions at 4 levels of methylphenidate dose (placebo, low, medium and high). ERP measures were very sensitive to age (under or over 10 years) and attention condition, but less sensitive to drug dose. Thereappeared to be two classes of drug dose effect on ERP amplitude, those that changed monotonically with dose and those from which dose interacted with attention non-monotonically. Drug effect on ERP amplitude may also depend on age so that opposite effects may occur in young and old children. No latency measures showed a dose effect. It appears that methylphenidate can speed reaction times without shortening ERP latency. This suggests the drug acts more on response-related processes than on stimulus evaluation.
Lurching towards ergativity: expressions of agency in the Niya Documents

This paper examines certain special features of the system of split ergativity in the Prakrit of the Niya Documents, especially the expression of agency in the preterite. Because most linguistic work on the Documents was carried out before the current interest in ergativity arose, their relevance to the study of the development of ergativity in Middle Indo Aryan has not previously been recognized. As in most MIA languages, the Niya preterite stems from the old past passive participle of Old Indic. The agent of transitive preterites can be expressed either by the old instrumental case or by the absolutive case, a merger of old nominative and accusative. Though Burrow considered this phenomenon a result of confusion' of the two cases, this paper argues that the core function of these instrumental agents is to disambiguate the agent from the object in sentences containing two human arguments.
E-Class - a multimedia and Web based distance learning system

In this paper, we present the development of a multimedia system for the real-time delivery of online courses. The system provides the instructor with a real-life environment to teach in a manner similar to a classroom. The instructor's video, audio, hand-writing, drawing and slide presentations are synchronized and streamed, and at the same time the students can view the lectures online in a simulated classroom environment. One of the main strengths of this system is that the instructor's lectures can be archived for future usage by the students. The students can interrupt the teacher and are also given the opportunity to ask questions.
On the Outage Properties of Adaptive Network Coded Cooperation (ANCC) in Large Wireless Networks

Adaptive-network-coded-cooperation (ANCC) is an efficient user cooperation scheme proposed for large wireless networks comprising a host of terminals communicating with a common destination. By matching code graphs with instantaneous network graphs in a distributed and adaptive manner, the protocol enables network coding to be exploited in networks with unreliable channels and changing topologies. This paper analyzes the outage behavior of ANCC when the number of terminals trends to infinity. A threshold phenomenon is revealed which demonstrates that an arbitrarily small outage can be achieved with a sufficiently large network as long as the channel conditions are above a certain threshold. Comparison with the existing cooperation schemes shows that ANCC achieves a substantial gain of 30 dB over repetition, and falls only 1 dB short of space-time-coded-cooperation (but obviating the need for stringent inter-user synchronization).
Sex and gonadal hormones in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: what is relevant to the human condition?

Biologic sex and gonadal hormones matter in human aging and diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s – and the importance of studying their influences relates directly to human health. The goal of this article is to review the literature to date on sex and hormones in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with an exclusive focus on interpreting the relevance of findings to the human condition. To this end, we highlight advances in AD and in sex and hormone biology, discuss what these advances mean for merging the two fields, review the current mouse model literature, raise major unresolved questions, and offer a research framework that incorporates human reproductive aging for future studies aimed at translational discoveries in this important area. Unraveling human relevant pathways in sex and hormone-based biology may ultimately pave the way to novel and urgently needed treatments for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
The high‐novelty–seeking, impulsive subtype of generalized social anxiety disorder

This study examined potential subgroups of patients with generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD) based on novelty-seeking tendencies. Eighty-two outpatients with DSM-IV generalized SAD were recruited from an outpatient anxiety clinic and assessed with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. The novelty-seeking subscales, reflecting risk-prone and disinhibited behavior tendencies, served as dependent measures in a series of cluster analysis procedures. Two qualitatively different SAD subgroups were identified: (1) low novelty-seeking tendencies and (2) high-novelty–seeking tendencies. These groups did not differ in social anxiety symptom severity. Women were less likely to be classified in the high-novelty–seeking group. Clinician severity ratings for comorbid substance use disorders were greater in the highnovelty–seeking group. These findings contribute to growing evidence for the heterogeneity of SAD. High-novelty–seeking, risk-prone, and disinhibited behavior tendencies are a characteristic feature of a distinct subgroup. Depression and Anxiety 25:535–541, 2008. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. y
Asynchronous functional reactive programming for GUIs

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) mediate many of our interactions with computers. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is a promising approach to GUI design, providing high-level, declarative, compositional abstractions to describe user interactions and time-dependent computations. We present Elm, a practical FRP language focused on easy creation of responsive GUIs. Elm has two major features: simple declarative support for Asynchronous FRP; and purely functional graphical layout.Asynchronous FRP allows the programmer to specify when the global ordering of event processing can be violated, and thus enables efficient concurrent execution of FRP programs; long-running computation can be executed asynchronously and not adversely affect the responsiveness of the user interface.Layout in Elm is achieved using a purely functional declarative framework that makes it simple to create and combine text, images, and video into rich multimedia displays.Together, Elm's two major features simplify the complicated task of creating responsive and usable GUIs.
Laser Microsurgery in Caenorhabditis elegans

Laser killing of cell nuclei has long been a powerful means of examining the roles of individual cells in C. elegans. Advances in genetics, laser technology, and imaging have further expanded the capabilities and usefulness of laser surgery. Here, we review the implementation and application of currently used methods for target edoptical disruption in C. elegans.
Beyond informed consent: the therapeutic misconception and trust

The therapeutic misconception has been seen as presenting an ethical problem because failure to distinguish the aims of research participation from those receiving ordinary treatment may seriously undermine the informed consent of research subjects. Hence, most theoretical and empirical work on the problems of the therapeutic misconception has been directed to evaluate whether, and to what degree, this confusion invalidates the consent of subjects. We argue here that this focus on the understanding component of informed consent, while important, might be too narrow to capture the ethical complexity of the therapeutic misconception. We show that concerns about misplaced trust and exploitation of such trust are also relevant, and ought to be taken into account, when considering why the therapeutic misconception matters ethically.
Mechanisms of Ataxia

Ataxia is derived from the Greek word for “disorderly.” Originally a general term that was applied to a number of different medical disorders of heartbeat, gait, and movement, “ataxia” is now used more specifically to mean the incoordination of movement following damage of the sensory or cerebellar system. The purpose of this update is to review the causes and possible mechanisms of ataxia. A better understanding of the possible mechanisms of ataxia could lead to improved treatment strategies for this challenging group of patients. Neural Structures Associated With Ataxia Ataxia can result from damage to several different motor or sensory regions of the central nervous system, as well as from peripheral nerve pathology.1 One of the most common causes of ataxia is damage to the cerebellum, often caused by stroke, disease, or tumor.1…
Principles of a computer immune system

Natural immune systems provide a rich source of inspiration for computer security in the age of the Internet. Immune systems have many features that are desirable for the imperfect, uncontrolled, and open environments in which most computers currently exist. These include distributability, diversity, disposability, adaptability, autonomy, dynamic coverage, anomaly detection, multiple layers, identity via behavior, no trusted components, and imperfect detection. These principles suggest a wide variety of architectures for a computer immune system.
Carbon fertilization increased arid region leaf cover over past 20 years

Satellite observations made from 1982 to 2010 have shown that warm, arid regions—such as the U.S. Southwest and Mexico, the deserts of Argentina, the Middle East, central and western Australia, and the regions that ring the Sahara—are getting greener.
Under-contribution to generic advertising due to self-interested inequity aversion

We modify the behavioural postulate of self-centred inequity aversion to explain producers' reluctance to fund generic fruit and vegetable advertising as a result of experiencing negative utility when others benefit more from a public good than themselves, but positive utility when they earn more than others. We find that higher variability in returns decreases the probability of a favourable vote. Conversely, if information about payoffs is incomplete, if subjects are allowed to experience a trial run of a generic advertising programme, if returns are equal across producers, or if there is government support for the programme, the likelihood of approval rises.
ST segment depression detected by continuous electrocardiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Forty percent of patients with a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) have concomitant coronary artery disease. ST segment depression, detected by continuous electrocardiography, is associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients with known coronary artery disease. While electrocardiographic changes have been associated with acute stroke, the etiology and significance of these changes remain unclear. In this pilot study we report the prevalence of ST segment depression and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA monitored by continuous electrocardiography. Clinical predictors of ST segment depression and ventricular arrhythmia are also identified.Consecutive patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were enrolled within 72 hours of hospital admission and monitored by continuous electrocardiography for 48 hours. The electrocardiographic results were analyzed for periods of ST segment depression and ventricular arrhythm...
Sediment Transport in Money Creek

1952 and 1955 to determine deposition of sediment; particle size distribution analyses of 30 sediment samples were utilized to determine tons of sediment deposited; curves of water discharge versus sediment discharge were computed utilizing Einstein procedure, Schoklitsch formula and DuBoys formula.
On the fine-scale intermittency of turbulence

This paper presents a simple theory for evaluating the several measures used to characterize the intermittency of fine-scale turbulence, and corroborates the theoretical results from comparison with experimental data, some of which are new. The basic analytical tool is the envelope of the narrow-bandpass-filtered turbulent signal, defined via its Hilbert transform and the analytic signal. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it correctly identifies the roles played by the filter characteristics (such as the bandwidth) in determining the intermittency factor, the width of the active regions (pulses) in narrow-bandpass-filtered turbulent signals, and the pulse frequency; it also reveals that all dynamical characteristics of the signal enter indirectly through the peak pulse frequency and the threshold setting. Secondly, the theory suggests that, in the far-dissipation range, the most important feature of signals exhibiting internal intermittency is the stronger-than-algebraic roll-off of the spectral density in that region; it is argued that this feature of turbulence essentially determines the peak pulse frequency in that region. The theory is incomplete in that it does not show how the threshold setting depends on the signal dynamics, but here the discussion is supplemented by experimental data.
Glabella Rejuvenation via Corrugator Excision and Volume Replacement

According to the authors, satisfactory glabella deanimation can only be achieved by nearly complete corrugator excision, from the supraorbital neurovascular bundle on one side to the other. This amount of muscle excision leaves minimal residual muscle activity but also creates a concave defect, which the authors recommend filling with autologous tissue.
Effect of Ischemia and Antianginal Drugs on the Distribution of Radioactive Microspheres in the Canine Left Ventricle

Radioactive microspheres were used to estimate the changes in regional myocardial blood flow occurring during acute myocardial ischemia. Carbonized 15-µ spheres were injected into the left atrium of 28 open-chest dogs and the radioactivity of selected areas determined after sacrifice. Acute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery produced a significant diminution in the proportion of microspheres reaching the circumflex area. In addition, there was a disproportionate decrease in endocardial radioactivity in the ischemic area (endocardial/epicardial radioactivity ratio falling from 1.17 to 0.76, P < 0.001) but not in the nonischemic area. Both nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) and propranolol (1 mg/kg) failed to cause a significant change in the ratio of circumflex to descendens radioactivity during ischemia. They did, however, cause a significant increase in the ratio of endocardial to epicardial radioactivity in both ischemic and nonischemic areas.
An Approximate Sign Detection Method for Residue Numbers and its Application to RNS Division

we present new division algorithms for Residue Number System (RNS). The algo- rithms are based on a sign estimation procedure that computes the sign of a residue number to be positive, negative, or indeterminate. In the last case, magnitude of the number is guaranteed to be in a limited interval whose size is related to the cost of the sign estimation process. Our division algo- rithms resemble SRT (Sweeney, Robertson, and Tocher) division; quotient digits in the set j-1,0,1} are computed one by one. Assume that the RNS has n moduli, n residue processors, and b bits per modulus, and that each b-bit addition/subtraction takes unit time. Our sign estimation procedure uses relatively small lookup tables and takes O(logn) time. The first division algorithm based on the new sign estimation procedure requires O(n blogn) time. A second algorithm, which improves the time complexity to O(n b), is the fastest algorithm proposed thus far. Intermediate between the two algorithms are a number of choices that offer speed/cost tradeoffs.
STRUCTURAL AND PHENOTYPIC DEFINITION OF THE ROSY CISTRON IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

GENETIC fine structure analysis of the rosy (ry) cistron in Drosophila melanogaster has shown that the rosy mutants can be resolved by crossing over into separable sites whose arrangement is consistent with a linear order (CHOVNICK, SCHALET, KERNAGHAN and TALSMA 1962; CHOVNICK, SCHALET, KERNAGHAN and KRAUSS 1964). Additional information concerning the rosy cistron and the region of chromosome 3 adjacent to it has been obtained by the analysis and utilization of rosy mutants associated with chromosomal changes. Such studies lead to the following generalizations: (1 ) In this region there is only one cistron concerned with xanthine dehydrogenase activity. (2) Mutations limited to the rosy cistron and selected on the basis of a mutant eye color phenotype are viable under routine culture conditions. (3) Lethal effects found with certain rosy mutants have proven to involve lesions outside of the rosy cistron and are associated with adjacent genetic units which are functionally and spatially distinct from the rosy cistron. A brief report of some of these results appeared earlier
Processes Leading to the Formation of Mesoscale Waves in the Midwest Cyclone of 15 December 1987

Abstract On 15 December 1987, several long-lived, large-amplitude mesoscale wave disturbances accompanied a rapidly developing extratropical cyclone in the midwest United States. Previous observational and modeling studies have suggested that the disturbances had large amplitudes and long lifetimes as a result of a wave-CISK-type instability occurring within an imperfect wave duct and were initiated by convection. However. infrared (IR) satellite imagery and radar echoes shortly before the wave disturbances formed suggest that convection was not the primary feature in the wave genesis region at that time. Instead, a meso-β-scale comma-shaped cloud was present and appeared to evolve into the wave disturbances. The origins of the comma cloud can be traced back to a cloud streak and precipitation maximum in the left exit region of an approaching jet streak over northern Mexico 15 h earlier. In this study, satellite observations are examined in conjunction with numerical simulations of the case to explore a n...
Transparency and imagining seeing

In his paper, The Transparency of Experience, M.G.F. Martin has put forward a well-known – though not always equally well understood – argument for the disjunctivist, and against the intentional, approach to perceptual experiences. In this article, I intend to do four things: (i) to present the details of Martin's complex argument; (ii) to defend its soundness against orthodox intentionalism; (iii) to show how Martin's argument speaks as much in favour of experiential intentionalism as it speaks in favour of disjunctivism; and (iv) to argue that there is a related reason to prefer experiential intentionalism over Martin's version of disjunctivism.
The feminist movement during the AKP era in Turkey: challenges and opportunities

ABSTRACTThis article explores women's rights activism in Turkey during the Justice and Development Party's (AKP) time in power (2002–present). A comparative analysis of three feminist campaigns for policy reform shows that in a context in which majority public opinion and the policy preferences of the ruling party militate against feminist policy proposals, a strong political ally (the European Union) was necessary to generate a policy change. The article also argues that the political opportunity structures within which feminists are embedded have been reconfigured over the course of the AKP's three terms in power, leaving the AKP in a stronger position to resist feminists’ demands. This explains the paradox of an internally stronger and more dynamic social movement that, nevertheless, appears to have weakened vis-a-vis the state. Furthermore, because some recent legal reforms do not significantly reflect the AKP's or much of the public's preferences, the movement has been less able to generate implement...
A NOTE ON STOLARSKY, ARITHMETIC AND LOGARITHMIC MEANS

We present a way to study differences of some Stolarsky means as a way to discover new inequalities, or place known inequalities in a wider context. In particular, as an application we prove a very sharp upper bound for the difference between the arithmetic and the logarithmic means of two positive numbers.