cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-throughput nanoparticle sizing using lensfree holographic microscopy and liquid nanolenses(Conference Presentation)

The sizing of individual nanoparticles and the recovery of the distributions of sizes from populations of nanoparticles provide valuable information in virology, exosome analysis, air and water quality monitoring, and nanomaterials synthesis. Conventional approaches for nanoparticle sizing include those based on costly or low-throughput laboratory-scale equipment such as transmission electron microscopy or nanoparticle tracking analysis, as well as those approaches that only provide population-averaged quantities, such as dynamic light scattering. Some of these limitations can be overcome using a new family of alternative approaches based on quantitative phase imaging that combines lensfree holographic on-chip microscopy with self-assembled liquid nanolenses. In these approaches, the particles of interest are deposited onto a glass coverslip and the sample is coated with either pure liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG) or aqueous solutions of PEG. Due to surface tension, the PEG self-assembles into nano-scale lenses around the particles of interest. These nanolenses enhance the scattering signatures of the embedded particles such that individual nanoparticles as small as 40 nm are clearly visible in phase images reconstructed from captured holograms. The magnitude of the phase quantitatively corresponds to particle size with an accuracy of +/-11 nm. This family of approaches can individually size more than 10^5 particles in parallel, can handle a large dynamic range of particle sizes (40 nm – 100s of microns), and can accurately size multi-modal distributions of particles. Furthermore, the entire approach has been implemented in a compact and cost-effective device suitable for use in the field or in low-resource settings.
Analysis of AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Among Young Students in Lanzhou,2010-2012

Objective: The objective of this paper was to investigate the AIDS epidemics and risk factors among the young students in Lanzhou and the analysis of AIDS prevalence used to provide the evidence for establishment of intervention measures. Methods:During 2010 ~2012, in the accordance with the requirement of national intervention scheme, the students from one of the universities in Lanzhou were stratified random sampling. A questionnaire survey was carried out in this catchment population for HIV/ AIDS surveillance. The methodology,in addition, allows collection of venous blood for serum-based HIV testing, syphilis testing and HCV antibody testing. Results:800 young students were examined every year between 2010 and 2012. Among 2400 students in total, 111 students had sex, counting for 4.6% of the total participants and those who used condom during the first sex took 25.1% of the 2400 students. The knowledge rate of HIV/AIDS was approximately 87.6%(2102 of 2400). Besides, only 4 participants(0.17%)were detected HCV antibody positive and both HIV antibody and syphilis antibody were negative among the whole populace. Conclusion:The undergraduates have a good understanding of HIV/AIDS to some extent, but they noticeably have risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, AIDS related health education should be strengthened to develop the right sex values and health behaviors, and improve the free HIV counseling and testing especially for young students and intervention service coverage.
Lower Dialysate Temperature in Hemodialysis: Is It a Cool Idea?

Vascular instability and severe episodes of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) represent the most frequent (up to 20%) ([1][1]) and challenging complications of conventional dialysis regimens ([2][2]), resulting in underdialysis and volume expansion ([3][3]). In addition, repeated episodes of IDH are
Active Acoustic Reflection/Scattering Model of the Bubble in the Ship Wake

The theory of reflection and refraction is used to analyze the sound wave on the interface of the bubbles and water.The resemblance between vibration and electric theory and the multi-stage resonance formula is used to study the scattering of the bubbles in the water.After analyzing the active acoustic characteristic of the bubble,the active acoustic reflection/scattering model of the bubble is created in the ship wake.The following research on the active acoustic characteristic of multi-bubbles and ship wake is based on these.
Conclusions: Emotions (and Feelings) Everywhere

Those of you who have read each of the chapters in this book will undoubtedly have noticed that the study of emotions is far from straightforward. Part of the problem is definitional in nature. The terms “affect”, “emotion”, and “feeling” are defined in different ways by different authors, a persistent problem in the study of emotion throughout history (see the chapter by Kuczaj, Highfill, Makecha and Byerly for a brief consideration of definitional differences and similarities in the history of the study of emotions).
Risk Factors for Priapism Readmission

Abstract Introduction Priapism is a urologic emergency with a tendency to recur in some patients. The frequency of, time to, and risk factors for priapism recurrence have not been well characterized. Aim To identify predictors of priapism readmission. Methods We used the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database to identify patients presenting to emergency departments with priapism from 2005 through 2014. Patients were tracked up to 12 months after initial presentation. Proportional hazards regression was used to identify risk factors for priapism readmission. Main Outcome Measures Readmissions for priapism. Results The analytic cohort included 3,372 men with a diagnosis of priapism. The average age at first presentation was 39 ± 18 years and 40% were black. Within 1 year, 24% of patients were readmitted for recurrent priapism, 68% of whom were readmitted within 60 days. On multivariate analysis, sickle cell disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5, 95% CI = 2.0–3.0), drug abuse or psychiatric disease (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.6–2.2), erectile dysfunction history (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.3), other than commercial medical insurance (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0–1.4), and inpatient admission for initial priapism event (HR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4–0.6) were significant risk factors for readmission. Conclusion Nearly one fourth of patients with priapism were readmitted for recurrent priapism within 1 year of initial presentation. Most readmissions were within 60 days. Future research should focus on strategies to decrease recurrences in high-risk patients.
Accuracy of Oncologists' Life-Expectancy Estimates Recalled by Their Advanced Cancer Patients: Correlates and Outcomes

Abstract Background: Oncologists are often reluctant to discuss life-expectancy estimates with their patients because of concerns about their inaccuracy and limited evidence regarding benefits. Objective: Determine oncologist accuracy in predicting their advanced cancer patients' life expectancy and correlates associated with accuracy. Design: Multicenter prospective, longitudinal study of patients with advanced cancer, assessed once at baseline and followed to death. At baseline, patients were asked whether their oncologist had provided them with a life-expectancy estimate. Setting/Subjects: Eighty-five patients with advanced cancer recruited from outpatient cancer clinics. Measurements: Patients' baseline sociodemographic and time to death, and clinical characteristics were examined to determine their associations with the accuracy of the oncologists' life-expectancy estimates as recalled by their patients. Results: Seventy-four percent (63/85) of patients recalled that physician life-expectancy estimat...
Variance of the truncated negative binomial distribution

Abstract Citations to formulas for the moments of the truncated negative binomial distribution usually reference the paper by Gurmu and Trivedi (1992). However their second moments of the truncated negative binomial are incorrect. We derive the correct second moments for both the left and right truncated negative binomial distribution. The second moments of the truncated distributions are written in a form that shows they will converge to the second moment of the un-truncated distribution when the truncated first moment approaches the un-truncated first moment.
Conodonts from the Winnipeg Formation (Middle Ordovician) of the northern Black Hills, South Dakota

Conodonts from the Icebox Shale and Roughlock Siltstone members of the Winnipeg Formation at two localities in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota represent 19 species of 16 genera. Oulodus serratus (Stauffer), Phragmodus cognitus Stauffer, and Scyphiodus primus Stauffer are characteristic of the Icebox Shale and occur together elsewhere only in Middle Ordovician rocks of Rocklandian and early Kirkfieldian age. Plectodina aculeata (Stauffer) and P. tenuis (Branson and Mehl) occur together in the Roughlock Siltstone. Elsewhere in the North American Midcontinent Province their stratigraphic ranges overlap only in rocks of late Kirkfieldian and earliest Shermanian age. Plectodina dakota, n. sp., and Staufferella divisa, n. sp., are based on material from the Icebox Shale Member.
Still Standing Under Economic Pressure: Case Study Churches

This chapter uses primary data collected in Macon County, Alabama to introduce the churches studied and gives insight into the diversity and ambiguity of Black churches in the rural South with respect to economic ethics. It places the churches in a broader historical context by using Lincoln and Mamiya’s classic study of the African American Church—particularly their findings on rural churches, giving details of characteristics of these churches. It then scrutinizes the case study churches in a southern religious context by using Mark Silk, Andrew Walsh, and Christian Smith’s analyses on evangelical churches, race, and politics.
Ubiquitous influence of wildfire emissions and secondary organic aerosol on summertime atmospheric aerosol in the forested Great Lakes region

Abstract. Long-range aerosol transport affects locations hundreds of kilometers from the point of emission, leading to distant particle sources influencing rural environments that have few major local sources. Source apportionment was conducted using real-time aerosol chemistry measurements made in July 2014 at the forested University of Michigan Biological Station near Pellston, Michigan, a site representative of the remote forested Great Lakes region. Size-resolved chemical composition of individual 0.5–2.0 µm particles was measured using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS), and non-refractory aerosol mass less than 1 µm ( PM1 ) was measured with a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). The field site was influenced by air masses transporting Canadian wildfire emissions and urban pollution from Milwaukee and Chicago. During wildfire-influenced periods, 0.5–2.0 µm particles were primarily aged biomass burning particles (88 % by number). These particles were heavily coated with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during transport, with organics (average O∕C ratio of 0.8) contributing 89 % of the PM1 mass. During urban-influenced periods, organic carbon, elemental carbon–organic carbon, and aged biomass burning particles were identified, with inorganic secondary species (ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate) contributing 41 % of the PM1 mass, indicative of atmospheric processing. With current models underpredicting organic carbon in this region and biomass burning being the largest combustion contributor to SOA by mass, these results highlight the importance for regional chemical transport models to accurately predict the impact of long-range transported particles on air quality in the upper Midwest, United States, particularly considering increasing intensity and frequency of Canadian wildfires.
Crafting the Prescription for Patients Starting Peritoneal Dialysis.

At present, approximately 10%–11% of patients with ESKD worldwide choose to perform peritoneal dialysis (PD). Whereas the initial hemodialysis prescription tends to be relatively uniform and standardized, the initial PD prescription lends itself to a more individualized approach. In this article,
Mechanisms of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership

Literature reviews have repeatedly emphasized the need to further investigate relationships between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and micro-organizational variables. The present research attempts to address this call by examining the direct and indirect relationship between individual perceptions of CSR and employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Multiphasic data from 207 workplace supervisor–subordinate dyads recruited from an online panel were analyzed to show that organizational identification mediated the relationship between CSR and OCBs. Furthermore, supervisor transformational leadership style moderated the mediation, such that the indirect effect of the organizational identification on the relationship between CSR and OCBs became nonsignificant under low transformational leadership. Based on these results, we make suggestions for using embeddedness programs to improve perceptions of CSR.
Disrupting Academic Publishing: Questions of Access in a Digital Environment

How can a journal of media practice ever hope to be disruptive if it remains behind a paywall? Who has access to the disruption, and how might it be disseminated? It seems all this disruption would...
Standing abdominal surgery.

Standing abdominal surgery is most useful for abdominal exploration, correction of uterine torsions, loop colostomy techniques, and performing surgical embryo transfer. The standing flank approach is limited by the size of the paralumbar fossa and thick abdominal musculature in the horse. Careful case selection is most important in determining a successful result.
The synthesis and structural characterization of silyl-substituted fluorenes

Three silyl-substituted fluorenes have been prepared by direct synthetic methods and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. The three silyl-substituted fluorenes studied were 9-trimethylsilylfluorene (1), 9-(tert-butyldimethyl)silylfluorene (2), and 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9-trimethylsilylfluorene (3). Complex 1 is orthorhombic, P212121, a = 6.2681(14) A, b = 14.329(3) A, c = 15.231(4) A, Z = 4. Complex 2 is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 12.1953(10) A, b = 6.9977(6) A, c = 19.6536(17) A, β = 93.818(2)○, Z = 4. Complex 3 is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 11.9954(9) A, b = 9.8978(7) A, c = 18.5464(13) A, β = 92.456(2)○, Z = 4. The long carbon–silicon bonds effectively remove any significant intramolecular interactions as little distortion is exhibited around the sp3-carbon atom and the fluorenyl backbone demonstrates near planarity. The bulky silicon substituents also prevent intermolecular interactions, as only a few close contacts less than 4.0 A exist in all three solid state structures.
Predicting and Visualizing Storm Surges and Coastal Inundation: A Case Study from Maryland, USA

Many low-lying coastal regions are vulnerable to both chronic hazards associated with inundation by sea-level rise, and episodic storm surges generated by hurricanes and typhoons. Using Maryland’s coast as an example, we provide an overview of a recent effort in the development of a state-of-the-art coastal inundation prediction system. We use a suite of atmospheric and hydrodynamic models to obtain an ensemble forecast of storm surge and overland inundation. Advanced graphic software such as ArcGIS and Google Earth is used to generate high-resolution images and animations of inundation in flood-prone areas. Such an end-to-end inundation prediction system can be applied to any coastal region. Given the accelerating sea-level rise and projected increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events in a warming climate, we discuss how sea-level rise, changing tidal ranges and storm surges combine together to generate dangerously high surges in coastal regions.
Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer.

A 25-year-old Irish American woman presents for a wellness visit for herself and her two young children, a two-year-old boy and a seven-month-old girl. All three have fair skin, red hair, and freckles. She reports that she is looking forward to an upcoming family vacation to the Caribbean islands.
The Bard, the Bride, and the Muse Bemused: Katherine of Valois on Film in Shakespeare’s Henry V

Katherine has received short shrift from historians focused on her relationship to kings, novelists who romanticize her, and in theatrical productions and filmed versions of Shakespeare’s Henry V. Scholars now recognize that she exercised considerable agency and was in some ways as remarkable as her Tudor counterparts. Yet the “received” Katherine still bears the mark of the Bard more than Clio. Onscreen she is the pawn of Charles VI and Henry V, the comic scene in which she learns English undercuts her dilemma as England’s queen-to-be, and the final “wooing” scene is often severely truncated. Though accomplished actresses have portrayed Katherine on screen, it remains difficult to give her role due weight even in an era more conscious of gender than the age of Shakespeare.
Computing In-Memory, Revisited

The Von Neumann's architecture has been the dominant computing paradigm ever since its inception in the mid-forties. It revolves around the concept of a "stored program" in memory, and a central processing unit that executes the program. As an alternative, Processing-In-Memory (PIM) ideas have been around for at least two decades, however with very limited adoption. Today, three trends are creating a compelling motivation to take a second look. Novel devices such as memristor blur the boundary between memory and compute, effectively providing both in the same element. Power efficiency has become very important, both in the datacenter and at the edge. Machine learning applications driven by a data-flow model have become ubiquitous. In this paper, we sketch our Computing-In-Memory (CIM) vision, and its substantial performance and power improvement potential. Compared to PIM models, CIM more clearly separates computing from memory. We then discuss the programming model, which we consider the biggest challenge. We close by describing how CIM impacts non-functional characteristics, such as reliability, scale, and configurability.
Criminal justice measures for economic data harmonization in substance use disorder research.

The consequences of substance use disorders (SUDs) are varied and broad, affecting many sectors of society and the economy. Economic evaluation translates these consequences into dollars to examine the net economic impact of interventions for SUD, and associated conditions such as HCV and HIV. The nexus between substance use and crime makes criminal justice outcomes particularly significant for estimating the economic impact of SUD interventions, and important for data harmonization. We compared baseline data collected in six NIDA-funded Seek, Test, Treat and Retain (STTR) intervention studies that enrolled HIV-infected/at-risk individuals with SUDs (total n = 3415). Criminal justice measures included contacts with the criminal justice system (e.g., arrests) and criminal offenses. The objective was to develop a list of recommended measures and methods supporting economic data harmonization opportunities in HIV and SUD research, with an initial focus on crime-related outcomes. Criminal justice contacts and criminal offenses were highly variable across studies. When measures grouped by offense classifications were compared, consistencies across studies emerged. Most individuals report being arrested for property or public order crimes (> 50%); the most commonly reported offenses were prostitution/pimping, larceny/shoplifting, robbery, and household burglary. We identified four measures that are feasible and appropriate for estimating the economic consequences of SUDs/HIV/HCV: number of arrests, number of convictions, days of incarceration, and times committing criminal offenses, by type of offense. To account for extreme variation, grouping crimes by offense classification or calculating monthly averages per event allows for more meaningful comparisons across studies.
Studying the clarinet with an artificial mouth: Comparison of playing frequencies between model and measurement

In the field of musical acoustics, instruments, such as the clarinet, are often played with the use of an artificial mouth or playing machine in order to objectively measure the playing characteristics such as sound levels, playing frequency, regime changes, etc. The purpose of this research was to study the tuning tendencies of the clarinet experimentally and compare this to the models found in literature. A clarinet was artificially blown to determine the playing frequencies for varying levels of blowing pressure and reed opening. These measurements could then be compared to computational models of the clarinet. The experimental results will be presented and compared with the theoretical values from past studies that predicted playing frequencies both analytically and computationally. Finally, suggestions for improving the models will be presented and discussed.In the field of musical acoustics, instruments, such as the clarinet, are often played with the use of an artificial mouth or playing machine in order to objectively measure the playing characteristics such as sound levels, playing frequency, regime changes, etc. The purpose of this research was to study the tuning tendencies of the clarinet experimentally and compare this to the models found in literature. A clarinet was artificially blown to determine the playing frequencies for varying levels of blowing pressure and reed opening. These measurements could then be compared to computational models of the clarinet. The experimental results will be presented and compared with the theoretical values from past studies that predicted playing frequencies both analytically and computationally. Finally, suggestions for improving the models will be presented and discussed.
Significance of dermatologic findings in a cohort of depleted uranium-exposed veterans of Iraqi conflicts.

BACKGROUND Depleted uranium (DU)-containing weapons have been used in military operations since 1991. There is interest in following veterans who were occupationally exposed to DU by either inhalation or retention of fragments. A cohort of DU-exposed Gulf War I veterans has been followed longitudinally at the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center since 1993. OBJECTIVE The aim was to monitor chronic dermatological findings associated with occupational DU exposure in the 2013 cohort. METHODS Thirty-five veterans were evaluated. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board and the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center research service. Depleted uranium exposure was measured using creatinine-adjusted urine uranium concentrations (micrograms of uranium per gram of creatinine [μgU/gCrea]). Detailed medical histories, physical examinations, and exposure histories were performed. RESULTS Using a cutoff level of 0.1 μgU/gCrea, 11 veterans were placed in the high-uranium exposure group, whereas 23 veterans were placed in the low-uranium exposure group. Retained fragments were documented in 91% of the high-exposure group versus that in 13% of the low-exposure group (P < 0.001), and fragment-related scarring was significantly increased in the high-exposure group (P = 0.002). Other dermatological findings such as dermatitis were also assessed. CONCLUSIONS Fragment retainment and related scarring was significantly increased in veterans exposed to high levels of DU. Continuous monitoring of this cohort will yield interesting dermatological findings related to DU exposure.
Thinking critically about smart city experimentation: entrepreneurialism and responsibilization in urban living labs

The proliferation of smart technologies, big data, and analytics is being increasingly used to address urban socio-environmental problems such as climate change mitigation and carbon control. Elect...
NASA's next-generation airborne sunphotometer (5STAR): science drivers and requirements

To realize the potential of spectrometers for airborne sunphotometry, a hybrid instrument incorporating radiometers and miniature spectrometers is being built. This brings with it several challenges in amplifier design, thermal management and stray-light control.
Elliptic Equations: Many Boundary Measurements

We consider the Dirichlet problem (4.0.1), (4.0.2). At first we assume that for any Dirichlet data g0 we are given the Neumann data g1; in other words, we know the results of all possible boundary measurements, or the so-called Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator \(\mathrm{\Lambda }: H^{1/2}(\partial \Omega ) \rightarrow H^{-1/2}(\partial \Omega )\), which maps the Dirichlet data g0 into the Neumann data g1.
A Short Note on the Kinetics-700 Human Action Dataset

We describe the 2020 edition of the DeepMind Kinetics human action dataset, which replenishes and extends the Kinetics-700 dataset. In this new version, there are at least 700 video clips from different YouTube videos for each of the 700 classes. This paper details the changes introduced for this new release of the dataset and includes a comprehensive set of statistics as well as baseline results using the I3D network.
Open for change but closed for transformation: A communicative analysis of managerial corporate social responsibility discourse on the issue of labor:

Why do some researchers observe that managerial corporate social responsibility discourse contributes to increased awareness of and commitment to solving global environmental and social issues, whi...
Managing uncertainty in data-driven simulation-based optimization

Abstract Optimization using data from complex simulations has become an attractive decision-making option, due to ability to embed high-fidelity, non-linear understanding of processes within the search for optimal values. Due to lack of tractable algebraic equations, the link between simulations and optimization is oftentimes a surrogate metamodel. However, several forms of uncertainty exist within the cycle that links simulation data, to metamodels, to optimization. Uncertainty may originate from parameters of the simulation, or the form and fitted parameters of the metamodel. This paper reviews different literatures that are relevant to surrogate-based optimization and proposes different strategies for handling uncertainty, by combining machine learning with stochastic programming, robust optimization, and discrepancy modeling. We show that incorporating uncertainty management within simulation-based optimization leads to more robust solutions, which protect the decision-maker from infeasible solutions. We present the results of our proposed approaches through a case study for direct-air capture through temperature swing adsorption.
A novel deep eutectic solvent/acetone biphasic system for high-yield furfural production

Abstract Furfural is a versatile platform chemical that can be used as a precursor for various biofuels and biopolymers. In this work, a novel biphasic system comprising acetone and choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), an effective deep eutectic solvent (DES) for biomass pretreatment, was developed for furfural production. The optimized reaction condition was as follows: 180 °C, 30 min, 1.5 w/v% AlCl3 as a catalyst, and a volumetric ratio of 7:2 of acetone to aqueous ChCl:EG (with 30% water). By applying this optimized condition to xylose-containing pretreatment liquor from switchgrass, a furfural yield of 75% was obtained, with more than 90% furfural selectively partitioned into the acetone phase. This novel biphasic system would enable not only high-yield furfural production, but also facile separation and upgrading of furfural.
Evidence-based medicine and intraoperative neurophysiology

Abstract When judging the value of a medical intervention, evidence-based medicine (EBM) has emphasized three principles: some evidence is better than others, all evidence is considered (not just that which conforms to expectations), and patient valuations are important. Modern EBM thought (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, ROBINS-I) recognizes that comparative observational studies, not just randomized controlled trials, can support causal links with outcomes. There is support for improved outcomes with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (ION) for spinal intramedullary tumors, but the strength of effect remains uncertain from the small number of well-conducted comparative studies (ION vs no ION). ION diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) per se is indirectly related to clinical efficacy. Reversed signal change after surgeon intervention challenges assessment of DTA. Adjustments for surgical context and measurements of dose–response relationships can improve DTA estimation. ION’s value depends on the surgical procedure, quality of outcomes-based evidence, and judgments of benefits, harms, and economic costs by both medical practitioners and patients.
Patient-reported diarrhea impact on physical functioning and quality of life in clinical trial data submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

e19105Background: Patient-reported outcomes can provide symptom and function data that complement standard oncology endpoints. Frequently, trials will conclude there was no clinically meaningful de...
Topological atlas of the hypothalamus in adult rhesus monkey

The prosomeric model explains the embryological development of the central nervous system (CNS) shared by all vertebrates as a Bauplan. As a primary event, the early neural plate is patterned by intersecting longitudinal plates and transverse segments, forming a mosaic of progenitor units. The hypothalamus is specified by three prosomeres (hp1, hp2, and the acroterminal domain) of the secondary prosencephalon with corresponding alar and basal plate parts, which develop apart from the diencephalon. Mounting evidence suggests that progenitor units within alar and basal plate parts of hp1 and hp2 give rise to distinct hypothalamic nuclei, which preserve their relative invariant positioning (topology) in the adult brain. Nonetheless, the principles of the prosomeric model have not been applied so far to the hypothalamus of adult primates. We parcellated hypothalamic nuclei in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using various stains to view architectonic boundaries. We then analyzed the topological relations of hypothalamic nuclei and adjacent hypothalamic landmarks with homology across rodent and primate species to trace the origin of adult hypothalamic nuclei to the alar or basal plate components of hp1 and hp2. We generated a novel atlas of the hypothalamus of the adult rhesus monkey with developmental ontologies for each hypothalamic nucleus. The result is a systematic reinterpretation of the adult hypothalamus whose prosomeric ontology can be used to study relationships between the hypothalamus and other regions of the CNS. Further, our atlas may serve as a tool to predict causal patterns in physiological and pathological pathways involving the hypothalamus.
Detecting pulsar polarization below 100 MHz with the Long Wavelength Array

Using the first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1), we examine polarized pulsar emission between 25 and 88 MHz. Polarized light from pulsars undergoes Faraday rotation as it passes through the magnetized interstellar medium. Observations from low frequency telescopes are ideal for obtaining precise rotation measures (RMs) because the effect of Faraday rotation is proportional to the square of the observing wavelength. With these RMs, we obtained polarized pulse profiles to see how polarization changes in the 25-88 MHz range. The RMs were also used to derive values for the electron density weighted average Galactic magnetic field along the line of sight. We present rotation measures and polarization profiles of 15 pulsars acquired using data from LWA1. These results provide new insight into low-frequency polarization characteristics and pulsar emission heights, and complement measurements at higher frequencies.
O-007 Trends in mortality and morbidity after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm in the United States, 2006–2016

Background We aimed to assess nationally representative trends of in-hospital mortality and clinical outcome after treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA). Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2006 to 2016 was reviewed. Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) who underwent aneurysm treatment during hospitalization were identified. Patients’ demographics, comorbid conditions, length of hospital stay, rate of in-hospital mortality, discharge destination for each treatment group (microsurgical clipping and endovascular embolization). Poor clinical outcome was defined as discharge to skilled nursing facility or hospice instead of home or acute rehabilitation facility. Multivariate regression model was used to identify independent predictors of mortality and poor clinical outcome. Results A total of 21,609 patients with UIA were identified from 2006 to 2016. The overall rate of in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.9% in 2006 to 0.2% in 2016. Overall, 83% of the patients had favorable clinical outcome. The utilization of endovascular embolization increased from 60% in 2006 to 64% in 2016. Patients who had endovascular embolization had 3 days shorter hospital stay (1 vs 4, p Conclusions Mortality rate from treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysm has substantially decreased in the past decade. Higher rate of morbidity and mortality is seen in patients ≥80 years old, patients with multiple comorbidities and those who were treated with microsurgical clipping. Disclosures S. Majidi: 1; C; SNIS Foundation. A. Mehta: None. R. De Leacy: None. J. Mocco: None. J. Fifi: None.
Targeting barriers to wider use of trimodality therapy in localized muscle invasive bladder cancer

Radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and trimodality bladder-sparing therapy or TMT, are both curative options for patients with nonmetastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer. Patients should be afforded the opportunity for a multidisciplinary evaluation with equipoise in discussing these options for eligible patients. We discuss the barriers to broader acceptance and utilization of TMT and encourage support of clinical trials of TMT.
The carboxylation status of osteocalcin has important consequences for its structure and dynamics.

Abstract Background The carboxylation status of Osteocalcin (Ocn) not only influences formation and structure in bones but also has important endocrine functions affecting energy metabolism and expenditure. In this study, the role of γ-carboxylation of the glutamate residues in the structure-dynamics-function relationship in Ocn is investigated. Methods Three forms of Ocn, differentially carboxylated at the Glu-17, 21 and 24 residues, along with a mutated form of Ocn carrying Glu/Ala mutations, are modeled and simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in the presence of calcium ions. Results Characterization of the global conformational dynamics of Ocn, described in terms of the orientational variations within its 3-helical domain, highlights large structural variations in the non-carboxylated osteocalcin (nOcn). The bi-carboxylated Ocn (bOcn) and tri-carboxylated (tOcn) species, in contrast, display relatively rigid tertiary structures, with the dynamics of most regions strongly correlated. Radial distribution functions calculated for both bOcn and tOcn show long-range ordering of the calcium ion distribution around the carboxylated glutamate (γGlu) residues, likely playing an important role in promoting stability of these Ocns. Additionally, the same calcium ions are observed to coordinate with neighboring γGlu, better shielding their negative charges and in turn stabilizing these systems more than do the singly coordinating calcium ions observed in the case of nOcn. bOcn is also found to exhibit a more helical C-terminal structure, that has been shown to activate its cellular receptor GPRC6A, highlighting the allosteric role of Ocn carboxylation in modulating the stability and binding potential of the active C-terminal. Conclusions The carboxylation status of Ocn as well and its calcium coordination appear to have a direct influence on Ocn structure and dynamics, possibly leading to the known differences in Ocn biological function. General significance Modification of Ocn sequence or its carboxylation state may provide the blueprint for developing high-affinity peptides targeting its cellular receptor GPRC6A, with therapeutic potential for treatment of metabolic disorders.
Behavioral Signs of Cerebral Visual Impairment in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

In this article, the authors identify possible indicators of cerebral visual impairments (CVI) in young children. Noticing the signs of cerebral visual impairment can assist occupational therapists...
Effect of geometry on dielectrophoretic trap stiffness in microparticle trapping

Dielectrophoresis, an electrokinetic technique, can be used for contactless manipulation of micro- and nano-size particles suspended in a fluid. We present a 3-D microfluidic DEP device with an orthogonal electrode configuration that uses negative dielectrophoresis to trap spherical polystyrene micro-particles. Traps with three different basic geometric shapes, i.e. triangular, square, and circular, and a fixed trap area of around 900 μm2 were investigated to determine the effect of trap shape on dynamics and strength of particle trapping. Effects of trap geometry were quantitatively investigated by means of trap stiffness, with applied electric potentials from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1 MHz. Analyzing the trap stiffness with a trapped 4.42 μm spherical particle showed that the triangular trap is the strongest, while the square shape trap is the weakest. The trap stiffness grew more than eight times in triangular traps and six times in both square and circular traps when the potential of the applied electric field was increased from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1 MHz. With the maximum applied potential, i.e. 10 VP-P at 1 MHz, the stiffness of the triangular trap was 60% and 26% stronger than the square and circular trap, respectively. A finite element model of the microfluidic DEP device was developed to numerically compute the DEP force for these trap shapes. The findings from the numerical computation demonstrate good agreement with the experimental analysis. The analysis of three different trap shapes provides important insights to predict trapping location, strength of the trapping zone, and optimized geometry for high throughput particle trapping.
Theoretical Foundations of Femtosecond Filamentation

In the following chapter, the theoretical modeling of femtosecond filamentation is discussed. For a detailed understanding of this phenomenon, the dynamical equation governing the evolution of the laser electric field have to be identified.
Trace Elements in Weathering

In addition to the principal elements that, with oxygen, account for over 99% of the composition of rocks—the silica, alumina, iron, and other oxides that are determined in the usual chemical analysis of a rock—there are minute quantities of other elements that are measured in parts per million (ppm) and known as trace or minor elements. These elements are interesting geochemically and are of considerable importance in plant and animal metabolism; some are necessary in life processes.
Luminal surface hydrophobicity of canine gastric mucosa is dependent on a surface mucous gel

Abstract The contribution of the surface mucous gel to the stomach's hydrophobic luminal properties and how these properties are affected by both damaging and cytoprotective agents were studied. Canine gastric mucosa, determined to be hydrophobic in nature by contact angle analysis, had an adherent periodic acid-Schiff-reactive mucous gel layer over 85% of its luminal surface, as observed under light microscopy. Extracellular structures reactive with the phospholipid-selective stain, iodoplatinate, were observed ultrastructurally in these tissues, within and at the luminal interface of the surface mucous gel. Incubating the luminal surface of gastric mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers in acidified aspirin promoted the exfoliation of surface epithelium and markedly reduced surface hydrophobicity, surface periodic acidSchiff reactivity, and transmucosal potential difference. Addition of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 to the nutrient compartment of these chambers maintained surface hydrophobicity at control levels but did not prevent aspirin-induced reductions in potential difference or cellular damage to the surface epithelium. However, prostaglandin did attenuate exfoliation of aspirin-damaged surface mucous cells and preserved the surface mucous gel. These results indicate that the stomach's hydrophobic lining is closely associated with the presence of a surface mucous gel layer, is not an effective barrier to the penetration of lipid-soluble damaging agents such as acidified aspirin, and is maintained by exogenous prostaglandin as is the mucous gel layer, even in the presence of luminal aspirin. The ability of prostaglandin to maintain a hydrophobic mucous gel layer over compromised tissue may, in part, explain its ability to limit aspirin-induced injury and promote the recovery and restitution of the surface epithelium.
Interactive data entry and validation tool: a collaboration between librarians and researchers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to share a case study process of collaboration with faculty, highlight some design considerations when creating data entry forms and describe some considerations when planning for data management. Design/methodology/approach – A case study is presented with goals, events and design considerations. Findings – Findings show that librarians can be essential members of a faculty research team. Research limitations/implications – Each partnership is different with different data management needs. Design considerations for a data entry form depend on the specific data being collected. Practical implications – Principles can be applied to other libraries developing data management collaborations with faculty or for designing of Web/paper data entry forms. Originality/value – Most forms are not interactive beyond simple presentation of alternate questions. This form of design method builds on user inputs to create dynamic, color-coded and textual guidance. Some of the proces...
An experimental technique to resolve the Landsat-7 spacecraft heater debond issue

Results of thermal vacuum testing of simulated 100% debonded equipment panel heaters revealed that with the primary heater on all the time and an 80/spl deg/C heat sink, the worst case maximum heater temperature is 166/spl deg/C for a 448 W/cm/sup 2/ heater power density, and 223/spl deg/C for a 0.673 W/cm/sup 2/ heater power density. All the heaters on the equipment panels of the Landsat-7 spacecraft have a maximum heater power density of 0.460 W/cm/sup 2/ or less, with only either the primary or redundant heater turned on. The equipment panel heaters have a 200/spl deg/C maximum allowable temperature in the manufacturer's specifications. The maximum heater temperature for a 100% debonded heater in the worst case is 170/spl deg/C, which has a 30/spl deg/C margin. In order to exceed the 200/spl deg/C maximum allowable temperature, the maximum heater power density needs to be higher than 0.589 W/cm/sup 2/. Data from the tests to induce heater failure showed that the heater failed after it had reached 250/spl deg/C to 253/spl deg/C for 25 minutes. In order to exceed 250/spl deg/C, the maximum heater power density needs to be higher than 0.9 W/cm/sup 2/. For these reasons, there was no need to replace the equipment panel heaters which were suspected to have debonded.
Impulse radio multiple access through ISI channels with multi-stage block-spreading

Impulse radio (IR) has received increasing interest for multiple access (MA). Operating in dense multipath environments. IRMA systems are affected by the multiple user interference (MUI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). Analog IRMA utilizes random time-hopping codes to mitigate such adverse effects statistically. In this paper, we develop an all-digital IRMA scheme that relies on multi-stage block-spreading (MS-BS) to eliminate MUI deterministically, regardless of ISI multipath effects. Unlike conventional IRMA systems. our proposed MS-BS-IRMA system exhibits no degradation in performance when accommodating a large number of users.
APPLYING QUALITY INDICATORS TO SINGLE-CASE RESEARCH DESIGNS USED IN SPECIAL EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This study examined how specific guidelines and heuristics have been used to identify methodological rigor associated with single-case research designs based on quality indicators developed by Horner et al. Specifically, this article describes how literature reviews have applied Horner et al.'s quality indicators and evidence-based criteria. Ten literature reviews were examined to ascertain how literature review teams (a) used the criteria recommended by Horner et al. as meeting the 5-3-20 evidence-based practice (EBP) thresholds (five studies conducted across three different research teams that include a minimum of 20 participants) to assess single-case methodological rigor; and (b) applied the 5-3-20 thresholds to determine whether the independent variables reviewed qualified as potential effective practices. The 10 literature reviews included 120 single-case designs. This study found that 33% of the reviewed single-case designs met Horner et al.'s quality indicator criteria. Three of the literature reviews concluded that examined practices met criteria to qualify as an EBP. Recommendations related to quality indicator criteria and EBP established by the literature review teams as well as directions for future research are discussed.
The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cell Proliferation and Adipogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains multiple growth factors and has been shown to enhance fat graft survival after lipotransfer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this effect remain unknown. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play an important role in fat graft survival and are a likely target for PRP-mediated effects. This study seeks to investigate the impact of PRP on ASC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. Methods: Human ASCs were isolated using our laboratory protocol. The experiments were divided into four arms: (1) ASCs cultured in general culture medium alone; (2) ASCs in general culture medium + 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% PRP; (3) ASCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium alone; (4) ASCs cultured in adipogenic medium + 5%, 10%, 15%, or 20% PRP. Cell proliferation was analyzed and comparative m-RNA expression of adipogenic genes was assessed by quantitative PCR. Protein expression was determined by western blot. Results: PRP significantly enhanced proliferation of...
Evaluation of lateral trajectories with different controllers for multi-vehicle merging in platoon

This paper studies the problem of vehicle platooning with a particular focus on evaluation of lateral trajectories when one or several vehicle(s) merge(s) from the adjacent lane into the main vehicle platoon under longitudinal control. The merging vehicles should be capable of executing lateral maneuver in different platoon speeds while avoiding high lateral acceleration. For this purpose two adaptive lateral trajectory generation techniques are proposed and compared. Performances of different controllers are tested under adaptive lateral manoeuvres when multiple vehicles change lane to join the platoon. The proposed approaches are then tested and verified in our newly developed simulation platform SimPlatoon.
Calcium: Unusual Sources in the Highland Peruvian Diet

A dietary survey conducted in the southern highlands of Peru revealed two important sources of dietary calcium not previously reported. Mineral and ash calcium ingested as a food spice, and along with coca, raises the calcium intake from the low figures recorded by standard nutritional surveys to a more substantial level.