cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of interfaces in the behavior of magnetic tunnel junction structures.

Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale oxide heterostructures that exhibit the phenomenon of tunnel magnetoresistance. The transport and magnetic behavior of these structures depends critically on parameters such as the layer thickness and the roughness and chemical abruptness of the interfaces between the layers, which are nanometer-scale in thickness. We have used high resolution electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy chemical mapping and atom probe tomography to understand the microstructural origins of the magnetic and transport properties of magnetoresistive structures. We have also used in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanobiasing experiments to probe the local transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions as a function of processing conditions.
A hard X-ray nanoprobe beamline for nanoscale microscopy

The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Beamline (or Nanoprobe Beamline) is an X-ray microscopy facility incorporating diffraction, fluorescence and full-field imaging capabilities designed and operated by the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Advanced Photon Source at Sector 26 of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. This facility was constructed to probe the nanoscale structure of biological, environmental and material sciences samples. The beamline provides intense focused X-rays to the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (or Nanoprobe) which incorporates Fresnel zone plate optics and a precision laser sensing and control system. The beamline operates over X-ray energies from 3 to 30 keV, enabling studies of most elements in the periodic table, with a particular emphasis on imaging transition metals.
A Semianalytical Emission Model for Diffusion Flame, Rich/Lean, and Premixed Lean Combustors

To enhance gas turbine combustor performance and emissions characteristics better design methods need to be developed. In the present investigation, an emission model that simulates a detailed chemical kinetic scheme has been developed to provide the rate of reactions of the parent fuel, an intermediate hydrocarbon compound, CO, and H2. The intermediate fuel has variable carbon and hydrogen contents depending on operating conditions, that were selected in the development effort to simulate actual operation of rich/lean, diffusion flame, and lean combustor concepts. The developed reaction rate expressions address also the limited reaction rates that may occur in the near wall regions of the combustor due to the admittance of radial air jets and cooling air in these regions. The validation effort included the application of the developed model to a combustor simulated by a multiple-reactor arrangement. The results indicate the accurate duplication of the calculations obtained from the detailed kinetic scheme using the developed model. This illustrates the great potential of using such a unified approach to guide the design of various types of combustors to meet the more stringent emissions and performance requirements of next generation gas turbine engine.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Thermoelectric properties of rocksalt ZnO from first-principles calculations

Zinc oxide (ZnO) undergoes a pressure-induced structural transition from its normal ambient-pressure wurtzite (WZ) phase to a rocksalt (RS) phase around 10 GPa. A recent experiment shows that the high-pressure RS ZnO phase can be recovered and stabilized at ambient conditions, which raises exciting prospects of expanding the range of properties of ZnO. For a fundamental understanding of the RS ZnO phase, we have performed first-principles calculations to determine its electronic, phonon, and thermodynamic properties at high (20 GPa) and ambient (0 GPa) pressure. Furthermore, we have calculated its electrical and thermal transport properties, which allow an evaluation of its thermoelectric figure of merit ZT at different temperature and doping levels. Our calculations show that the ambient-pressure RS ZnO phase can reach ZT values of 0.25 to 0.3 under both n-type and p-type doping in a large temperature range of 400 K to 800 K, which is considerably lower than the temperature range of 1400 K to 1600 K where WZ ZnO reaches similar ZT values. These results establish RS ZnO as a promising material for thermoelectric devices designed to operate at temperatures desirable for many heat recovery applications.
Computer security and impact on computer science education

The integration of computer security into existing Computer Science undergraduate education is an urgent and complicated task. With the increasing risk of computer intrusion, computer crimes and information wars, Computer Science educators bear the responsibility of cultivating a new generation of graduates who are aware of computer security related issues and are equipped with proper knowledge and skills to solve the problems. The task of integrating computer security into existing Computer Science programs, however, is complicated due to the fact that most faculty members lack the specialty knowledge in this field. This paper begins with a survey of the computer security field by examining the sequence of actions that the US government has taken since 1987 to counter the computer security issues, followed by an assessment of needs for practitioners in the field. A comprehensive approach of integrating computer security into an existing degree program is then proposed. The paper concludes with observations upon what should be taught and how computer security could be integrated into undergraduate education.
Chapter 4 Wave Prediction Models

Publisher Summary This chapter presents wave-prediction models. Wave conditions are related to wind velocity, duration of wind, fetch and depth of water, and wave-decay rates. Wind waves can be classified into sea and swell. Ocean waves are frequently a combination of sea and swell, while waves on enclosed water bodies—such as the Laurentian Great Lakes—can be considered “pure seas.” The chapter discusses two types of wave-prediction models: empirical wave models and complex discrete spectral models. The empirical wave models predict the locally generated wave height and period in deepwater under assumed uniform wind conditions. The complex discrete spectral models allow general conditions of varying wind input and water depths and can predict the two-dimensional wave-energy spectrum everywhere on the water body by solving the radiative-transfer equation.
Large Sample Theory: The Basics

A fundamental problem in inferential statistics is to determine, either exactly or approximately, the distribution of a statistic calculated from a probability sample of data. The statistic is usually a parameter estimate, in which case the distribution characterizes the sampling variability of the estimate, or a test statistic, in which case the distribution provides the critical values of the test and also is useful for power calculations. Because the number and type of inference problems admitting statistics for which exact distributions can be determined is limited, approximating the distribution of a statistic is usually necessary.
Baastrup's Disease: An Often Missed Etiology for Back Pain.

Baastrup’s disease is a relatively common disorder of the vertebral column, characterized by low back pain arising from the close approximation of adjacent posterior spinous processes and resultant degenerative changes, most commonly at L4-L5. Though fairly common, Baastrup’s disease is overwhelmingly underdiagnosed and often missed due to a lack of knowledge and/or improper diagnostic techniques, leading to frequent mistreatment. We present a case of a 56-year-old man who presented with chronic, ongoing low back pain of several years duration. His pain was relieved by flexion of the spine, and aggravated by extension. Imaging studies revealed “kissing” posterior spinous processes, consistent with a diagnosis of Baastrup’s Disease. He was treated with subcutaneous steroid injections and showed considerable clinical improvement.
Therapeutic Targeting of Cellular Metabolism in Cells with Hyperactive mTORC1: A Paradigm Shift

mTORC1 is an established master regulator of cellular metabolic homeostasis, via multiple mechanisms that include altered glucose and glutamine metabolism, and decreased autophagy. mTORC1 is hyperactive in the human disease tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. In TSC-deficient cells, metabolic wiring is extensively disrupted and rerouted as a consequence of mTORC1 hyperactivation, leading to multiple vulnerabilities, including "addiction" to glutamine, glucose, and autophagy. There is synergy between two rapidly evolving trajectories: elucidating the metabolic vulnerabilities of TSC-associated tumor cells, and the development of therapeutic agents that selectively target cancer-associated metabolic defects. The current review focuses on recent work supporting the targeting of cellular metabolic dysregulation for the treatment of tumors in TSC, with relevance to the many other human neoplasms with mTORC1 hyperactivation. These data expose a fundamental paradox in the therapeutic targeting of tumor cells with hyperactive mTORC1: inhibition of mTORC1 may not represent the optimal therapeutic strategy. Inhibiting mTORC1 "fixes" the metabolic vulnerabilities, results in a cytostatic response, and closes the door to metabolic targeting. In contrast, leaving mTORC1 active allows the metabolic vulnerabilities to be targeted with the potential for a cytocidal cellular response. The insights provided here suggest that therapeutic strategies for TSC and other tumors with activation of mTORC1 are at the verge of a major paradigm shift, in which optimal clinical responses will be accomplished by targeting mTORC1-associated metabolic vulnerabilities without inhibiting mTORC1 itself.
Determination of X-36 stability margins using real-time frequency response techniques

The NASA/Boeing X-36 remotely-piloted aircraft was designed to demonstrate key technologies for a tailless agile fighter configuration. The X-36 completed a highly successful 31-mission flight test program at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards AFB, CA in November, 1997. The X-36 flight control system architecture included a single control path in each axis to allow estimation of open-loop transfer functions. Real-time estimation of single-input, single-output open-loop transfer functions using frequency response techniques allowed rapid and safe expansion of the X-36 flight envelope. Flight data obtained using real-time stability margin (RTSM) methods provided insight to control law performance and indicated changes required for stability margin improvement. The RTSM capability also greatly increased hardware-in-the-loop simulation productivity, significantly reducing control law development time. It was demonstrated that RTSM frequency response techniques can be applied from a remote site, provided voice and data communication are available. This paper presents the real-time stability margin measurement techniques developed for the X-36 flight test program along with results from simulation and flight test. Real-time application of multi-input, multi-output singular value analysis to the X-36 lateraldirectional controls is also addressed.
Modeling Student Retention in an Environment with Delayed Testing

Student modeling has been widely used in the prediction of student correctness behavior on the immediate next action. Some researchers have been working on student modeling to predict delayed performance, that is, retention. Prior work has found that the factors influencing retention differ from those that influence short-term performance. However, this prior research did not use data which were specially targeted to measure retention. In this study, we describe our experiments of using dedicated retention performance data to test the students’ ability to retain, and experiment with a new feature called mastery speed, indicates how many problems the students need to attain initial mastery. We found that this new feature is the most useful of our features. It’s not only a helpful predictor for 7-day retention tests, but also a long-term factor that influences students’ later retention tests even after 105 days. We also found that, although statistically reliable, most features are not useful predictors, such as the number of students’ previous correct and incorrect responses which are not as helpful in predicting students’ retention performance as in PFA.
Learning a Center-Embeddding Rule in an Artificial Grammar Learning Task.

Beginning with Fitch and Hauser (2004), a number of studies have used the Artificial Grammar Learning task to investigate learning rules generating hierarchical structural relations among sequences of elements that are characteristic of the grammar of human languages. Studies that have examined the learning of a center-embedding rule (AB rule) exemplified by the sentence, The dogs the girl the boys like feeds bark incessantly have provided mixed results. We present the results of three experiments that demonstrate learning when training occurs incrementally (e.g., Lai & Poletiek, 2011) and requires feedback when testing with a grammaticality judgment task. We also use a novel completion task, which demonstrated learning both with and without feedback. In all cases, not all participants learned the rule.
Impediments to Psychological Care of the Chronic Renal Patient

The end-stage renal patient is inevitably faced with multiple psychosocial problems evoked (or intensified) by his illness. Yet, by and large, he is deprived of the services which would enable him to cope with these difficulties. My purpose in this chapter, is (1) to discuss the nature of the variables that impeded the provision of psychological services to these chronically ill patients; (2) to describe in general terms the nature of their “psychological difficulties”; and, finally, (3) to propose a solution which would make adequate psychological care available to this population. The solution consists of a description of the psychosocial teaching program currently in operation at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, and of the mechanisms for funding which have made this teaching program a reality.
Exploring the Mechanism of Aging Using Rodent Models

Interventions of the aging processes by various experimental manipulations provide gerontologists with the opportunity to examine the basic mechanisms underlying aging processes. More than 60 years ago, McCay et al. first reported that restriction of food intake of rats soon after weaning increases the life span [1]. Since this seminal report, caloric restriction (CR) has represented the most effective and well-known intervention by which to explore aging in experimental gerontology [2, 3]. CR increases both median and maximum life spans, delays the appearance, frequency, and severity of many age-related diseases, and attenuates much of the physiological decline associated with aging in rodents [2–5].
TH-D-BRB-00: An Introduction to Research and Clinical Development Using Treatment Planning System APIs

Scripting capabilities and application programming interfaces (APIs) are becoming commonly available in modern treatment planning systems. These links to the treatment planning system (TPS) allow users to read data from the TPS, and in some cases use TPS functionality and write data back to the TPS. Such tools are powerful extensions, allowing automation of routine clinical tasks and supporting research, particularly research involving repetitive tasks on large patient populations. The data and functionality exposed by scripting/API capabilities is vendor dependent, as are the languages used by script/API engines, such as the Microsoft .NET framework or Python. Scripts deployed in a clinical environment must be commissioned and validated like any other software tool. This session will provide an overview of scripting applications and a discussion of best practices, followed by a practical introduction to the scripting capabilities of three commercial treatment planning systems. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the scripting capabilities available in several treatment planning systems 2. Learn how to get started using scripting capabilities 3. Understand the best practices for safe script deployment in a clinical environment R. Popple, Varian Medical Systems has provided research support unrelated to the topic of this session.R. Cardan, Varian Medical Systems for grant research, product evaluation, and teaching honorarium.
Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation

The terms radiative heat transfer and thermal radiation are commonly used to describe the science of the heat transfer caused by electromagnetic waves. Obvious everyday examples of thermal radiation include the heating effect of sunshine on a clear day, the fact that—when one is standing in front of a fire—the side of the body facing the fire feels much hotter than the back, and so on. More subtle examples of thermal radiation are that the clear sky is blue, that sunsets are red, and that, during a clear winter night, we feel more comfortable in a room whose curtains are drawn than in a room (heated to the same temperature) with open curtains.
Heavy Metal Resistance in Plants: A Putative Role of Endophytic Bacteria

Heavy metals and metalloids have become one of the major environmental concerns which pose a serious threat to plants and animal health. In this context, endophytic bacteria could play an important role in understanding the uptake mechanism of heavy metal ions and providing immunity to plant against metal toxicity. The defensive effects of certain elements in plants are known, but the role of endophytes in providing protection to plants has poorly been investigated. Endophytic bacteria, originating from hyperaccumulator plants, exhibit a comparatively higher level of resistance to heavy metals than the soil and the rhizosphere bacteria. Among bacteria, Methylobacterium spp., as well as the representatives of Gram-positive bacteria, are the most widespread bacterial species in both the hyperaccumulator endosphere and endorhizae. The endophytic microbial populations enhance the resistance capacity of the host plants, which, however, depends on the structure and activity of the community. Moreover, endophytic bacteria including those of legume endophytes are considered a promising biological material for improving the efficiency of phytoremediation and, consequently, growing of clean and safe crops including legumes in metal polluted soils. The recent developments in the putative mechanisms by which endophytic microorganisms affect the plant resistance to heavy metals and how they could affect phytoextraction of metals from contaminated soils are highlighted.
An organic systems analysis of persuasion and social movement: The John Birch society, 1958–1966

Although “open systems” treatments of persuasion have emphasized mechanical assumptions, an “Organic Systems” paradigm provides more viable conceptions of human influence, conflict, and human relationships. This paper explicates that paradigm, suggests a critical framework, and illustrates it with an analysis of the John Birch Society's rhetorical evolution from 1958–66.
Hydrogen peroxide induced loss of heterozygosity correlates with replicative lifespan and mitotic asymmetry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Cellular aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can lead to genomic instability and impaired mitotic asymmetry. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in cellular aging, we examined the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on genomic instability and mitotic asymmetry in a collection of yeast strains with diverse backgrounds. We treated yeast cells with hydrogen peroxide and monitored the changes of viability and the frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in response to hydrogen peroxide doses. The mid-transition points of viability and LOH were quantified using sigmoid mathematical functions. We found that the increase of hydrogen peroxide dependent genomic instability often occurs before a drop in viability. We previously observed that elevation of genomic instability generally lags behind the drop in viability during chronological aging. Hence, onset of genomic instability induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide treatment is opposite to that induced by endogenous oxidative stress during chronological aging, with regards to the midpoint of viability. This contrast argues that the effect of endogenous oxidative stress on genome integrity is well suppressed up to the dying-off phase during chronological aging. We found that the leadoff of exogenous hydrogen peroxide induced genomic instability to viability significantly correlated with replicative lifespan (RLS), indicating that yeast cells' ability to counter oxidative stress contributes to their replicative longevity. Surprisingly, this leadoff is positively correlated with an inverse measure of endogenous mitotic asymmetry, indicating a trade-off between mitotic asymmetry and cell's ability to fend off hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. Overall, our results demonstrate strong associations of oxidative stress to genomic instability and mitotic asymmetry at the population level of budding yeast.
Carbon Dangling Bonds in Photodegraded Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells

Intrinsic photodegradation of organic solar cells, theoretically attributed to CH bond rearrangement/breaking, remains a key commercialization barrier. This work presents, via dark electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the first experimental evidence for metastable C dangling bonds (DBs) formed by blue/UV irradiation of polymer:fullerene blend films in nitrogen. The DB density increases with irradiation and decreases ≈4-fold after 2 weeks in the dark. The dark EPR also shows increased densities of other spin-active sites in photodegraded polymer, fullerene, and polymer:fullerene blend films, consistent with broad electronic measurements of fundamental properties, including defect/gap state densities. The EPR and electronic measurements enable identification of defect states, whether in the polymer, fullerene, or at the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface. Importantly, the EPR results indicate that the DBs are at the D/A interface, as they were present only in the blend films. The role of polarons in interface DB formation is also discussed.
Accurate Structure Prediction of CDR H3 Loops Enabled by a Novel Structure-Based C-Terminal Constraint.

Ab structure prediction has made great strides, but accurately modeling CDR H3 loops remains elusive. Unlike the other five CDR loops, CDR H3 does not adopt canonical conformations and must be modeled de novo. During Antibody Modeling Assessment II, we found that biasing simulations toward kinked conformations enables generating low–root mean square deviation models (Weitzner et al. 2014. Proteins 82: 1611–1623), and since then, we have presented new geometric parameters defining the kink conformation (Weitzner et al. 2015. Structure 23: 302–311). In this study, we use these parameters to develop a new biasing constraint. When applied to a benchmark set of high-quality CDR H3 loops, the average minimum root mean square deviation sampled is 0.93 A, compared with 1.34 A without the constraint. We then test the performance of the constrained de novo method for homology modeling and rigid-body docking and present the results for 1) the Antibody Modeling Assessment II targets, 2) the 2009 RosettaAntibody benchmark set, and 3) the high-quality set.
A Method for Decreasing Sampling Variance in Bacteriological Analyses of Meat Surfaces1,2

Viable counts of bacteria are often high in some areas and low in adjacent areas of the same surface of fresh meat. The present study indicated that rubbing meat surfaces together before sampling reduces variation among bacterial plate counts of pieces of beef plate meat. Counts before rubbing ranged from 2 to 6,187/cm2, whereas counts after rubbing ranged from 15 to 2,043/cm2. The reduced sample variance allowed for fewer samples to be taken in studies of cleaning and sanitizing of fresh beef.
Cerebral Aneurysm Size and Distal Intracranial Hemodynamics: An Assessment of Flow and Pulsatility Index Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography.

Background The relationship between cerebral aneurysm size and risk of rupture is well documented, but the impact of aneurysms on distal intracranial hemodynamics is unknown. Objective To examine the relationship between aneurysm size and distal intracranial hemodynamics prior to treatment. Methods Patients seen at our institution between 2006 and 2015 with cerebral aneurysms within the internal carotid artery (ICA) segments (proximal to ICA terminus) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if the aneurysm was unruptured, and were excluded if a contralateral aneurysm was present. Flows within bilateral ICAs and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were measured prior to any treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. Pulsatility index (PI = [systolic - diastolic flow velocity]/mean flow velocity) within each vessel was then calculated. Hemodynamic parameters were analyzed with respect to aneurysm size. Results Forty-two patients were included. Mean aneurysm size was 13.5 mm (range 2-40 mm). There was a significant correlation between aneurysm size and ipsilateral MCA PI (P = .006; r = 0.441), MCAipsilateral/ICAipsilateral PI ratio (P = .003; r = 0.57), and MCAipsilateral/MCAcontralateral PI ratio (P = .008; r = 0.43). Mean PI in the ipsilateral ICA was 0.38 (range 0.17-0.77) and ipsilateral MCA was 0.31 (range 0.08-0.83), and mean PI in contralateral ICA was 0.35 (range 0.19-0.57) and MCA was 0.30 (range 0.07-0.89). Conclusion Larger aneurysm size correlates with higher ipsilateral MCA PI, demonstrating that aneurysms affect distal intracranial hemodynamics.
Preservice and Inservice Teachers’ Ideas of Multiculturalism: Explorations Across Two Science Methods Courses in Two Different Contexts

ABSTRACTIn this exploratory study, we use Banks’s typology on multicultural curriculum reform as 1 strategy for developing multicultural, culturally relevant science teachers. Banks’s typology discusses 4 approaches for integrating multicultural content into the school and university curriculum. In order to support the development of multicultural science teachers and multicultural science curricula, we were interested in knowing how preservice teachers (PSTs) and in-service teachers (ISTs) understand these ideas. We gathered comments across 2 different contexts: a graduate-level elementary science methods course in the northeastern United States and a graduate-level secondary science induction course in the Midwestern United States. Both groups participated in an interactive multicultural education PowerPoint lesson focused on culturally relevant teaching and Banks’s 4 approaches. The lesson was taught face to face in the 1st setting and via Skype in the 2nd setting by the same science teacher educator. ...
Triangles in Wonderland

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, whose nom de plume was Lewis Carroll, first proposed the following problem in his work Pillow Problems Thought Out During Wakeful Hours in 1893 [1]: Three points are taken...
A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of lignin phenols in environmental samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring.

Abstract A novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to enable the analysis of ultra-low levels of lignin phenols (
Modulatory influence of sex hormones on vascular aging

This review summarizes a presentation given during the “Countermeasures to Cardiovascular Aging Symposium” that was part of the American Physiological Society Conference on Cardiovascular Aging: Ne...
Infection drives meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impairs CNS immunity

Tissue macrophages have an embryonic origin and can be replenished in some tissues under steady-state conditions by blood monocytes. However, little is known about the residency and properties of infiltrating monocytes after an inflammatory challenge. The meninges of the central nervous system (CNS) are populated by a dense network of macrophages that act as resident immune sentinels. Here we show that, following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, resident meningeal macrophages (MMs) acquired viral antigen and interacted directly with infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which led to macrophage depletion. Concurrently, the meninges were infiltrated by inflammatory monocytes that engrafted the meningeal niche and remained in situ for months after viral clearance. This engraftment led to interferon-γ-dependent functional changes in the pool of MMs, including loss of bacterial and immunoregulatory sensors. Collectively, these data indicate that peripheral monocytes can engraft the meninges after an inflammatory challenge, imprinting the compartment with long-term defects in immune function.
B-Cell Depletion for Two Years after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Reduces Lymphoma Relapse but Induces Prolonged Hypogammaglobulinemia beyond the Rituxan Maintenance Period.

Although autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) may benefit patients with relapsed or high risk non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), many patients still relapse and die of their disease. Most relapses occur during the first three years after transplant. In an attempt to reduce disease relapses, we have applied a maintenance regimen to patients after ASCT for B-cell NHL. In this regimen, all patients received low dose rituximab infusion (375 mg/m2 for one day only) every three months starting D+100 for a total of 2 years or until disease relapse. We reasoned that rituxan infusion given for only one day every three months may be sufficient to prevent disease relapse during this post-transplant period when any residual tumor bulk is likely low. Fifteen patients (eight men, seven women) with high-risk B-cell lymphoma have been treated. Their diagnoses: advanced mantle cell lymphoma in first complete remission (CR1) (8), refractory advanced marginal zone lymphoma (2), refractory follicular large cell lymphoma (1), high risk T-cell rich B-cell NHL in CR1 (1), Stage IV diffuse large cell lymphoma in CR1 (1) and relapsed B-cell NHL in CR2 (2). The median age was 59 years (range 38–72 years). CR was achieved using R-CHOP (10) or R-DHAP/R-ICE (5) and autologous hematopoietic stem cells were harvested during hematopoietic recovery from the last course of chemo-immunotherapy. With a median follow-up of 46 months (range 12–66) for the group and 47 months (range 16–66) for patients with advanced mantle cell lymphoma, the projected 5.5 years relapse-free survival for the group is 100% and the overall survival 80%. Two patients with mantle cell lymphoma died, one due to metastatic breast cancer and another a stroke at 40 and 41 months respectively. Unlike patients who underwent ASCT without rituximab, in whom B-cell recovery occurred between 3–6 months, we observed severe delays in the immunoglobulin recoveries in these patients (Figure 1). With a median immunoglobulin follow-up of 28 months (range 6–64), none of the fifteen patients showed normalization of total IgG. Two patients achieved a normalized total IgA and two a normalized total IgM. This hypogammaglobulinemia persists beyond the rituxan maintenance period. The median time to attainment of 75% normal level of immunoglobulin is 36 months for IgG, 48 months for IgA and not reached for IgM. The severe immunoglobulin deficiencies may be clinically relevant. Six of fifteen patients developed recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. No fatal infection was observed among any of the patients. Our results, therefore, suggest that low dose rituximab administration every three months after ASCT for high-risk B-cell lymphoma may prevent lymphoma relapse. However, this is associated with severe and prolonged delays in immunoglobulin recovery beyond the rituxan maintenance period. Careful monitoring of the immunoglobulin recovery and intervention as appropriate should be done routinely in these patients.
Computational Thinking and Coding Across Content Areas to Develop Digital Skills

Educational technology skills and practices are becoming increasingly prominent in schools around the world as the integration of computer science strands, such as computational thinking and coding, are being introduced into curricula. Educational leaders and teachers should integrate computational thinking and digital skills into activities in all disciplines spanning grades K-12. Students who learn coding and computational thinking skills are better equipped to apply problem-solving skills to analyzing data, recognize patterns, and make connections between what they already know and the problems they face. This chapter supports practitioners, policymakers, researchers and funders by examining the definitions of computational thinking and coding and their relationship to project-based and inquiry-based learning, as well as the ways in which computational thinking and coding are currently employed across the content areas. Concrete resources are provided as support for educators of all ages and disciplines looking to incorporate coding and computational thinking skills into their lesson plans.
Sensitive spatial genome wide expression profiling at cellular resolution

Abstract The precise spatial localization of molecular signals within tissues richly informs the mechanisms of tissue formation and function. Previously, we developed Slide-seq, a technology which enables transcriptome-wide measurements with 10-micron spatial resolution. Here, we report new modifications to Slide-seq library generation, bead synthesis, and array indexing that markedly improve the mRNA capture sensitivity of the technology, approaching the efficiency of droplet-based single-cell RNAseq techniques. We demonstrate how this modified protocol, which we have termed Slide-seqV2, can be used effectively in biological contexts where high detection sensitivity is important. First, we deploy Slide-seqV2 to identify new dendritically localized mRNAs in the mouse hippocampus. Second, we integrate the spatial information of Slide-seq data with single-cell trajectory analysis tools to characterize the spatiotemporal development of the mouse neocortex. The combination of near-cellular resolution and high transcript detection will enable broad utility of Slide-seq across many experimental contexts.
Can a pragmatic responsive feeding scale be developed and applied globally

Responsive feeding (RF) has been recognized as necessary to prevent all forms of malnutrition including stunting and childhood obesity. Specific RF guidelines have been developed, but it is unclear how RF behaviours can be monitored systematically. Therefore, developing valid and reliable abbreviated and pragmatic RF scales is an important global priority. This is challenging, as RF is a construct with multiple dimensions including recognizing and responding to hunger and satiety cues, providing a nurturing environment during feeding episodes, and understanding how feeding needs evolve as a function of the developmental stage of the young child. Further, RF is embedded within the responsive parenting framework that in addition to RF includes sleep, soothing and play routines and the interconnections between them. A recent pioneer study conducted in a rural area of Cambodia validated an 8-item RF scale through direct feeding observations of 6- to 23-month-old infants at home, as part of two cross-sectional surveys conducted before and after a complementary feeding intervention. It is important for similar research to be conducted elsewhere to find out if it is possible or not to develop a core RF scale that is valid and reliable and that has adequate specificity and sensitivity for application in community studies and population surveys globally. As highlighted in this article, different definitions of RF have been used in the field; thus, it is important to reach consensus on a single definition to help move this research area forward.
Covid-19, Angiogenesis, and ARDS Endotypes.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has inspired new interest in understanding the fundamental pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has been associated with severe coronavirus disease...
Aging-Related Changes in the Association between Negative Affect and Response Time Inconsistency in Older Adulthood.

Negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) are established modifiable psychosocial correlates of cognitive health and have demonstrated capacity for meaningful within-person fluctuations based o...
Thermal Extraction of Volatiles from Lunar and Asteroid Regolith in Axisymmetric Crank–Nicolson Modeling

AbstractA physics-based computer model has been developed to support the development of volatile extraction from the regolith of the Moon and asteroids. The model is based upon empirical data sets ...
Rapid Deterioration of Hospital-Acquired COVID-19 in a Patient on Extracorporeal Left Ventricular Assist Support.

Abstract Importance As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerates, our hospitals have become overwhelmed. Objective To describe detection of COVID-19 in asymptomatic hospitalized individuals awaiting advanced therapies for HF and the management of complications of COVID-19. Design We present a unique case report of hospital-acquired COVID-19 in a patient on temporary mechanical circulatory support. Main Outcome Despite intensive care and monitoring, he developed rapid progression of hypoxic respiratory failure which led to his death. Conclusion This case highlights various considerations for a patient with temporary MCS. It illustrates the high risk for development of COVID-19 for vulnerable hospitalized patients.
Developing Automation Adoption Readiness Index for Quality Management Focused on Highway Construction

AbstractThe construction industry is stigmatized by low-quality performance at the end of product delivery. The poor performance quality sometimes observed in highway construction leads to reduced ...
112. A Quality Management Project of a Midwestern Academic HIV Clinic Operation During COVID-19: Implementation Strategy and Preliminary Outcomes

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV clinics had to transform care delivery in order to ensure retention in care (RIC) for people with HIV (PWH) The objective of this quality management project is to maintain high rates of RIC and viral load suppression (VLS) during the pandemic for PWH receiving services at an academic HIV clinic in the Midwest Methods: We developed a multifaceted implementation strategy for clinic operation using a combination of telehealth and in-person visits The strategy included: 1) assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators, 2) identify and prepare champions, 3) organize clinician implementation meetings, and 4) staff training As a result, we developed an implementation blue print with criteria for telehealth vs office visits, criteria for rescheduling patients, conducted staff training on telehealth and personal protective equipment, and changed the clinic structure to accommodate in-person visits for patients who did not meet telehealth criteria and walk-ins We monitored VLS (defined as HIV RNA < 200 copies per mL) and RIC as measured by medical visit frequency (MVF, defined as percentage of patients who had one visit in each 6 months of the preceding 24 months with at least 60 days between visits);and gap in care (GiC, defined as no visit in the preceding 6 months) Results: As of June 14, 2020, there were 1140 active PWH receiving care at the clinic By February 29, 2020 there were 34 patients lost to care as (defined as no visit within the preceding 12 months) Between March 1 and June 14, 2020 we conducted avisits By end of May 2020, there were 47 patients lost to care MVF decreased to 40% compared to 69% for FY2020, and GiC increased to 25% compared to 14% for FY2020 VLS rate remained unchanged at 91% Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decrease in MVF and an increase in GiC for PWH However, VLS remained high at 91% Our implementation strategy facilitated quick adoption of telemedicine, which helped us provide clinical care to a third of PWH during the pandemic Telemedicine provided a great tool for ensuring patients remain VLS Evaluation of implementation outcomes including fidelity and reach remains ongoing
Visual deficits after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently described as any head injury ceasing the brain's normal function. Anatomically, developmentally, and physiologically, the eye is deemed as an extension of the brain. Vision in TBI is underrepresented, and the number of active clinical trials in this field are sparse. Frequently, visual problems are overlooked at the time of TBI, often resulting in progressive vision loss, lengthening, and impairing rehabilitation. TBI can be either penetrative or non-penetrative, associated with degeneration of neurons, apoptotic cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, hemorrhage associated with vascular dysfunction; however, precise animal modeling that mimics the extensive visual deficits of TBI pathology remain elusive. Recent works in both the diagnostics and therapeutics fields are starting to make substantial progress in the right direction. Discussion of current advancements in TBI animal models and the recent pathophysiological findings related to the neuro-glia-vascular unit (NVU) will help elucidate novel targets for potential lines of therapeutics. Only over the past decade have newer pharmaceutical and stem cell-based treatments begun to come to light. The potency for these new lines of TBI specific curatives will be discussed along with the review of current blast-induced TBI models, providing potential directions for future research.
Religion and Culture in the History of Hindu Dance Education

Due to the legacy of colonialism, the educational system of Hindu dance moved from the sacred teaching of dance to a Westernized approach. Many Hindu-based dance institutions adhere to a Western educational system that dismisses the sacred ethic of Hindu dance in a manner that disregards the traditional religious-educational system of Hindu dance. Current Hindu-based dance institutions that claim to maintain a tradition of Hindu dance focus on performing for stage commitments that emphasize culture rather than dance for devotional reasons, which was the intended purpose of Hindu dance, based on Hindu dance scriptures. In turn, viewers may perceive the dance as mere cultural entertainment. I consider it necessary to confront this by de-Orientalizing Hindu dance as I dance, especially among Hindus, for this project.
Good and Bad Optimization Models: Insights from Rockafellians.

A basic requirement for a mathematical model is often that its solution (output) shouldn't change much if the model's parameters (input) are perturbed. This is important because the exact values of parameters may not be known and one would like to avoid being mislead by an output obtained using incorrect values. Thus, it's rarely enough to address an application by formulating a model, solving the resulting optimization problem and presenting the solution as the answer. One would need to confirm that the model is suitable, i.e., "good," and this can, at least in part, be achieved by considering a family of optimization problems constructed by perturbing parameters of concern. The resulting sensitivity analysis uncovers troubling situations with unstable solutions, which we referred to as "bad" models, and indicates better model formulations. Embedding an actual problem of interest within a family of problems is also a primary path to optimality conditions as well as computationally attractive, alternative problems, which under ideal circumstances, and when properly tuned, may even furnish the minimum value of the actual problem. The tuning of these alternative problems turns out to be intimately tied to finding multipliers in optimality conditions and thus emerges as a main component of several optimization algorithms. In fact, the tuning amounts to solving certain dual optimization problems. In this tutorial, we'll discuss the opportunities and insights afforded by this broad perspective.
Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: an update on prevalence, prevention, pathophysiology and patient awareness

Introduction Despite considerable progress in diabetes treatment, prevalence of nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and advanced insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains high. Areas covered The present manuscript describes the prevalence of night-time hypoglycemia as reported in observational and randomized controlled trials. Factors that affect the risk of hypoglycemia are highlighted. The authors also describe impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and available preventive methods. Expert opinion Prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia includes behavioral, dietary and pharmacologic interventions. The most recent development with the lowest rate of hypoglycemia is sensor-augmented pumps with predictive low glucose suspend technology. These pumps combine continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with continuous glucose monitoring and use various algorithms to predict and stop hypoglycemia before it develops.
Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks. Part I. Evaluation and simulation of an air-breathing PEMFC stack

Abstract The performance of an air-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was evaluated under different environmental conditions. The humidity of the surrounding air significantly affected the performance of the stack. When the humidity was less than 10% RH at 35°C, the stack lost almost 95% power. Acceptable operating temperature for the stack would be from 20 to 40°C for >36% RH. An empirical equation was proposed to analyze the performance of the PEMFC stack instead of only for a single cell. The results calculated with the empirical equation are excellently fitted to the experimental polarization curves at various humidity and temperatures. The impedance and Tafel slope of the stack both increase with decreasing either the environmental humidity or temperature.
Astrocytes in glaucomatous optic neuropathy

Glaucoma, the second most prevalent cause of blindness worldwide, is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of vision due to loss of retinal ganglion cells. There is no cure for glaucoma, but early intervention with drugs and/or surgery may slow or halt loss of vision. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP), age, and genetic background are the leading risk factors for glaucoma. Our laboratory and other investigators have provided evidence that astrocytes are the cells responsible for many pathological changes in the glaucomatous optic nerve head (ONH). Over several years, in vivo and in vitro techniques characterized the changes in quiescent astrocytes that lead to the reactive phenotype in glaucoma. Reactive astrocytes alter the homeostasis and integrity of the neural and connective tissues in the ONH of human and experimental glaucoma in monkeys. During the transition of quiescent astrocytes to the reactive phenotype altered astrocyte homeostatic functions such as cell-cell communication, migration, growth factor pathway activation, and responses to oxidative stress may impact pathological changes in POAG. Our data also suggests that the creation of a non-supportive environment for the survival of RGC axons through remodeling of the ONH by reactive astrocytes leads to progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
An empirical study on dynamic effects on deception detection

A threat to accurate deception detection is the dynamic nature of deceptive behavior. Deceivers tend to adapt their communication style over time by continuously monitoring their targets for signs of suspiciousness. As a result, deceivers manage to tell lies that sound more and more like truth. Such trends imply that deception detection in later phases of an interaction would be more difficult and thus less accurate than detection in earlier phases. This paper studies dynamic effects that influence deception detection and provides empirical evidence supporting the prediction.