cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaginal adenosis and polycystic ovaries during infancy and childhood.

Abstract A histologic study of 40 postmortem specimens of vagina, uterus, and ovaries obtained from fetuses, infants, and children revealed vaginal or ectocervical adenosis in eight cases (20.0 per cent) and polycystic ovaries in 13 cases (32.5 per cent). All cases of adenosis were associated with polycystic ovaries and moderate to marked theca luteinization. Five patients who had adenosis died of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) such as cerebral injury and hydrocephalus. A total of seven of 13 cases or 53.8 per cent with polycystic ovaries had CNS diseases. The possible roles of neurogenic and hormonal factors in the pathogenesis of these conditions are discussed.
A Review of “Indexing: From Thesauri to the Semantic Web”

In cataloging, the concept of indexing has traditionally focused on the application of subject headings and classification numbers to print materials. In this book, Pierre de Keyser moves beyond tr...
Governance Antecedents of Board Entrenchment: The Case of Classified Board Provisions

Using a sample of 192 Standard & Poor’s 500 firms, we examine the impact of corporate governance and ownership context on a particular instance of board entrenchment: adoption of classified board provisions. Interestingly, while increased outsider representation measured simply as a proportion of outsiders does not affect the rate of adoption, reliance on a more fine grained measure, which includes other affiliations of outsiders, results in a marginally significant influence. Moreover, it appears that reliance on a simple proportional measure is likely to distort the effects of other variables. Finally, institutional stock ownership is found to be the most significant factor associated with decreased rate of adoption.
Serial carcinoembryonic antigen assays in patients with metastatic carcinoma of prostate being treated with chemotherapy

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays were conducted in patients with endocrine-unresponsive prostatic adenocarcinoma who were being treated with multidrug chemotherapy. Changes in CEA correlated with the clinical status of the patient in 70 per cent of the determinations and were more accurate than acid phosphatase in monitoring the response to treatment.
Wrong-Site Surgery: Can We Prevent It?

Wrong-site surgery happens frequently enough that it is a significant risk for many surgeons during their professional careers. But it is an event that should never happen. Most wrong-site surgery is wrong-side surgery, followed by wrong-digit and wrong-vertebral-level surgery. Wrong-site surgery results from misinformation or misperception of the patient's orientation. The key to preventing wrong-site surgery is to have multiple independent checks of critical information. Discrepancies among the operative record, consent, and the surgeon's record of the history and physical examination should ideally be resolved prior to the day of surgery to avoid time-consuming reconciliations. We noted that the preoperative verification was the most effective of the three steps of the Universal Protocol and that the patient was a more reliable source of accurate information than the documents. Marking the operative site gives patients a voice after they are sedated or anesthesia is induced. Wrong-site surgery has involved local or regional anesthesia at the wrong site when anesthesiologists did not adhere to formal time-outs for their procedures. Surgeons need to have access to all relevant information and to be engaged in the processes to prevent wrong-site surgery, particularly in the final time-out. Junior members of the operating room team must be made comfortable about speaking up if concerned. During spinal surgery, the vertebral level needs to be confirmed radiographically. Wrong-site surgical problems can occur after an operation if accurate information is not provided to accompany the specimen or if leftover labels from a previous patient are used to identify the specimen.
Multiparticle scattering theory and the multi three-cluster coupling model of nuclear reactions

Abstract It is shown that the multi three-cluster coupling (MTCC) model of nuclear reactions can be justified on the basis of rigorous N -particle scattering theory. In particular, the postulated MTCC dynamical equations are derived from the BRS equations by a truncation based on a generalization of the dominant partition method.
R-squared for general regression models in the presence of sampling weights

The coefficient of determination for general regression models is extended to incorporate sampling weights.
Metallic Pt as active sites for the water–gas shift reaction on alkali-promoted supported catalysts

Abstract The promotional effect of alkali additives (Na, Li, and K) in the low-temperature (200–250 °C) water–gas shift reaction was studied for Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/TiO 2 catalysts. Sodium showed the highest promotion of the turnover frequency (TOF), normalized by Pt on the surface. The TOF at 250 °C and 6.8% CO, 22% H 2 O, 37% H 2 , and 8.5% CO 2 was enhanced by Na up to 107 times (0.7 s −1 ) that of Pt/Al 2 O 3 (7 × 10 −3 s −1 ) and up to four times (0.7 s −1 ) the TOF of Pt/P25 TiO 2 (0.2 s −1 ). The addition of Na on Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/TiO 2 changed the reaction orders, with H 2 O order increasing by ∼0.3, H 2 order increasing by 0.1–0.3, CO 2 order decreasing by 0.2, and CO order decreasing by 0.1–0.2. Together with an approximately 20 kJ mole −1 increase in E a , these data suggest Na creates the same type of active sites on both supports. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments under WGS conditions indicate that the formation of Pt oxides is dependent on the catalyst preparation method, the type, and the loading of alkali. On catalysts where Pt oxides were observed, no correlation was found between the TOF and the fraction of PtO. The series of Pt/Na/Al 2 O 3 catalysts with the highest TOF showed fully reduced Pt under WGS conditions. Our results show that the promotion by alkali is caused by the modification of the properties of the support and that the active Pt remains in the metallic state. Thus, for metallic catalysts, alkali is added to the growing list of promoters that modify the support to improve water activation and the WGS reaction rate.
Migration, cash cropping and subsistence agriculture: relationships to household food expenditures in rural Mexico

The relationship between income and food expenditure patterns is influenced by a number of factors, including personal tastes, source and frequency of income, male/female control over income, home food production, and other demographic factors. In this study, the relationship of household resource allocation to each of the following is examined: (1) source of income (i.e. wage labor, cash cropping, migrant remittances, and other private sources); (2) women's contribution to income; and (3) subsistence production level. The overall study design involved a cross-sectional survey of 178 households in three rural Mexican communities on two occasions spanning both agricultural seasons. On each occasion, data were collected on the following: (1) income by source and by earner; (2) migrant remittances; (3) gifts and loans; (4) subsistence and cash crop production, expenses, and earnings; (5) major nonfood purchases; (6) household composition; and (7) household food use (during the previous week). Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the factors associated with the percentage of income allocated to food (PFX) and the percentage of the food budget allocated to (1) maize, beans, and chile (TRAD); (2) meat, milk, and fruit (LUX); and (3) bread, pasta, and snack foods (PROC). All regressions were run controlling for income. The proportion of income from migrant remittances was negatively associated with PFX (winter). Subsistence score was positively related to PFX (summer). Migrant remittances (winter) and subsistence score (both seasons) were negatively associated with TRAD. Subsistence score was positively related to LUX (both seasons). Father's absence (both seasons), store ownership (winter), and private source of income (summer) were all positively linked to PROC. Mother's contribution to total income and cash cropping income were not significantly related to any of the dependent variables. The findings support the idea that resource allocation patterns are influenced not only by income level but also by the household economic strategies through which income is generated.
Influence of initial and boundary conditions on vortex ring development

THIS paper presents the results of an experimental investigation comparing the mass and energy content of fully formed laminar vortex rings in air with that of the original pulse that generated them for a variety of initial and boundary conditions. In particular, the fractional entrainment of mass and the partition of initial energy between kinetic energy of translation and kinetic energy of rotation are studied. It is found that these characteristics depend strongly on the boundary conditions. A technique is presented which enables calculation of kinetic energy of rotation from motion picture sequences. The ratio of characteristi c translational speed to characteristic rotational speed is shown to be a useful parameter for correlation of data. Data on vortex size and speed are presented using this correlation, and it is seen that all data, regardless of initial and boundary conditions, fall on a single curve. A theoretical curve is derived, and it is seen that the data compare well with it. Contents In many applications utilizing nonsteady flow, it is of importance to understand the mechanisms of mass, momentum, and energy exchange between a primary flow and a secondary flow. The present work attempts to shed light on such mechanisms by ultilizing a simple example: the formation of vortex rings. A sketch of the system under study is shown in Fig. 1. We consider that, at time £ = 0, a uniform pulse is initiated with velocity Uj(t) for a duration Tp through a chimney of height H and diameter D0. Note that, when //=0, we have a simple orifice. After a certain period of time, the pulse becomes a fully formed vortex ring of diameter D which propagates at a speed U. The nature of the vortex ring will depend on the boundary conditions (H, DQ) and on the initial conditions luj(t), T p }. Since all of the vorticity essential to the existence of a vortex is generated in boundary layers prior to formation, different geometries will produce different amounts of vorticity. Furthermore, in the case of the simple orifice, vorticity of opposite sense is generated on the outside of the orifice by the boundary layer formed from the entrained flow, passing over the solid surface, thereby impeding the influx of entrained flow and diminishing the net available vorticity. These effects will result in the generation of vortices with different sizes and different propagation speeds, as well as differences in internal flowfields. In the experimental investigation, vortex rings were generated in still air for various sizes of simple orifices and chimneys by means of a large loudspeaker energized by a step in voltage, producing a controllable jet-pulse intensity. The pulse intensity and duration were monitored by means of a hot-film anemometer. Oscillographic records of the
Optimization of the lactic acid fermentation of hydrolyzed cod (Gadus morhua) gurry with corn syrup as carbohydrate source

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum concentrations of corn syrup required with the use of several species of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and a commercial mixed culture inoculum in the fermentation of hydrolyzed cod gurry. Among the three homofermentative bacteria studied, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus faecium, and Pediococcus acidilactici, consistent results regarding the most rapid rate of pH reduction and the lowest final pH were obtained with L. plantarum. S. faecium was the least desirable organism on the basis of fermentation rates and the extent of pH reduction after 72 h of incubation. Corn syrup at a concentration of 4.0% (w/w) was found to be optimum for achieving a rapid and successful lactic acid fermentation of hydrolyzed cod gurry with Lactobacillus plantarum. Corn syrup at a concentration of 4.5% was found to be optimum for rapidly achieving a final pH of 4.0 with the commercial mixed inoculum Stabisil. The maltose content of corn syrup was utilized at a notably slower rate than glucose by all three microorganisms during the first 18 h of incubation. Throughout the fermentations, maltotriose was utilized significantly by only L. plantarum.
Ribosome-independent Regulation of Translocon Composition and Sec61α Conformation

In this study, the contributions of membrane-bound ribosomes to the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum translocon composition and Sec61alpha conformation were examined. Following solubilization of rough microsomes (RM) with digitonin, ribosomes co-sedimented in complexes containing the translocon proteins Sec61alpha, ribophorin I, and TRAPalpha, and endoplasmic reticulum phospholipids. Complexes of similar composition were identified in digitonin extracts of ribosome-free membranes, indicating that the ribosome does not define the composition of the digitonin-soluble translocon. Whereas in digitonin solution a highly electrostatic ribosome-translocon junction is observed, no stable interactions between ribosomes and Sec61alpha, ribophorin I, or TRAPalpha were observed following solubilization of RM with lipid-derived detergents at physiological salt concentrations. Sec61alpha was found to exist in at least two conformational states, as defined by mild proteolysis. A protease-resistant form was observed in RM and detergent-solubilized RM. Removal of peripheral proteins and ribosomes markedly enhanced the sensitivity of Sec61alpha to proteolysis, yet the readdition of inactive ribosomes to salt-washed membranes yielded only modest reductions in protease sensitivity. Addition of sublytic concentrations of detergents to salt-washed RM markedly decreased the protease sensitivity of Sec61alpha, indicating that a protease-resistant conformation of Sec61alpha can be conferred in a ribosome-independent manner.
RADIATION FROM A FREE ELECTRON INTERACTING WITH A CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LASER PULSE.

The radiation from an electron driven by an intense circularly polarized electromagnetic wave of finite duration and smoothly varying intensity is analyzed. The effect of radiative reaction on the electron orbit is accounted for self-consistently. Expressions are derived for the total scattering cross section, the angular and spectral distributions, and the polarization tensor of the scattered radiation. The results are relativistically correct, and exhibit the dependence of the characteristics of the scattered radiation on the intensity profile of the incident radiation.
A semi-supervised learning method to classify grant support zone in web-based medical articles

Traditional classifiers are trained from labeled data only. Labeled samples are often expensive to obtain, while unlabeled data are abundant. Semi-supervised learning can therefore be of great value by using both labeled and unlabeled data for training. We introduce a semi-supervised learning method named decision-directed approximation combined with Support Vector Machines to detect zones containing information on grant support (a type of bibliographic data) from online medical journal articles. We analyzed the performance of our model using different sizes of unlabeled samples, and demonstrated that our proposed rules are effective to boost classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the decision-directed approximation method with SVM improves the classification accuracy when a small amount of labeled data is used in conjunction with unlabeled data to train the SVM.
Current status of cost utility analyses in total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background Total joint arthroplasty (TJA), although considered to be highly beneficial, is associated with substantial costs to the US healthcare system. Cost utility analysis has become an increasingly important means to objectively evaluate the value of a healthcare intervention from the perspective of both extending the quantity and improving the quality of life. Relatively little is known about the overall cost utility analysis evidence base in TJA.
Early growth faltering in healthy term infants predicts longitudinal growth.

Abstract Background Early growth monitoring may not identify infants at-risk for later growth faltering because it is difficult for the provider to recognize how large of a negative shift might be problematic. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether a slowing in early weight-for-age could be used to identify children at increased risk of later growth faltering. Methods Longitudinal data for infants aged birth to two years were analyzed for 1978 healthy, term infants born between 1999–2001. Logistic regression techniques were used to determine whether a negative change in weight-for-age, across well-child visit intervals, can identify infants at risk for growth faltering. Results The period prevalence of underweight was 24%. The odds ratio (OR) for infants with a negative shift in z -scores ≥− 0.85 between four and six months was 2.4 (95% CI 1.5, 3.9) compared to those without this shift, holding birth weight constant. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model was significant when either the 2000 CDC growth charts ( p p Conclusion The findings support the hypothesis that a downward shift in weight-for-age of this magnitude during early infancy when well-child visits are most frequent can be used to identify children at risk of later poor growth.
Task fusion: improving utilization of multi-user clusters

Researchers use shared computing clusters to ask interesting questions and wish to maximize their utilization. Currently, optimizations focus on individual programs. We present task fusion to automatically merge multiple tasks into a single task. An example implementation shows fused tasks take 14-90% less time than running the tasks individually.
Salt tolerance and polyphyly in the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis (Pleurocapsales)

Chroococcidiopsis Geitler (Geitler 1933) is a genus of cyanobacteria containing desiccation and radiation resistant species. Members of the genus live in habitats ranging from hot and cold deserts to fresh and saltwater environments. Morphology and cell division pattern have historically been used to define the genus. To better understand the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the genus, 15 species were selected that had been previously isolated from different locations, including salt and freshwater environments. Four markers were sequenced from these 15 species, the 16S rRNA, rbcL, desC1 and gltX genes. Phylogenetic trees were generated which identified two distinct clades, a salt-tolerant clade and a freshwater clade. This study demonstrates that the genus is polyphyletic based on saltwater and freshwater phenotypes. To understand the resistance to salt in more details, species were grown on a range of sea salt concentrations which demonstrated that the freshwater species were salt-intolerant whilst the saltwater species required salt for growth. This study shows an increased resolution of the phylogeny of Chroococcidiopsis and provides further evidence that the genus is polyphyletic and should be reclassified to improve clarity in the literature.
Cardiac-Specific Over-Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (ErbB2) Induces Pro-Survival Pathways and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Mice

Background Emerging evidence shows that ErbB2 signaling has a critical role in cardiomyocyte physiology, based mainly on findings that blocking ErbB2 for cancer therapy is toxic to cardiac cells. However, consequences of high levels of ErbB2 activity in the heart have not been previously explored.
Incorporation of label from [9, 10-methylene-14C] sterculic acid in rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri

The distribution of radioactivity from sterculic acid, labeled on the 9,10-methylene carbon of the cyclopropene ring, was investigated in trout,Salmo gairdneri. Fifty percent of the administered dose was excreted in feces and urine by 168 hr, but less than 1% of the dose was expired as carbon dioxide during the same time period. Incorporation of radioactivity into most organs peaked at 119 hr, and the majority of the label in the liver was in the fatty acid portion of the lipid fraction. Total lipid radioactivity in liver was higher in trout conditioned to cyclopropene lipids, and a substantial amount of label was found in phosphatidylcholine and ethanolamine phospholipids as well as neutral lipid. The data demonstrate that rainbow trout readily absorb, transport and incorporate sterculic acid into tissue lipid, including membrane lipid, but cannot oxidize the methylene carbon of the cyclopropene ring to carbon dioxide.
Improved estimates of tree-shade effects on residential energy use

Abstract Tree-shade alters building cooling and heating loads by reducing incident solar radiation. Estimates of the magnitude of this effect, and how it is influenced by urban forest structure (e.g. tree size and location), are difficult due to the complexity inherent in tree–sun–building interactions. The objective of this paper is to present a simplified method for making these estimates appropriate for neighborhood and larger scales. The method uses tabulated energy use changes for a range of tree types (e.g. size, shape) and locations around buildings (lookup tables), combined with frequency of occurrence of trees at those locations. The results are average change in energy use for each tree type that are not explicitly dependent on tree location. The method was tested by comparison to detailed simulations of 178 residences and their associated trees in Sacramento, California. Energy use changes calculated using lookup tables matched those from detailed simulations within ±10%. The method lends itself to practical evaluation of these shading effects at neighborhood or larger scales, which is important for regional assessments of tree effects on energy use, and for development of tree selection and siting recommendations for proposed energy conserving planting programs.
Validity of random short forms: II. The Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale

Applied formulae for estimating the validity of random short forms to Reynolds' data on six short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne. These formulae were used to determine (a) whether the validity of each short form was actually higher than that of a random short form of the same length; and (b) just how much “better than random” each short form was. Some, but not all, of the short forms considered by Reynolds were indeed appreciably better than random.
HPC-Colony: services and interfaces for very large systems

Traditional full-featured operating systems are known to have properties that limit the scalability of distributed memory parallel programs, the most common programming paradigm utilized in high end computing. Furthermore, as processor counts increase with the most capable systems, the necessary activity to manage the system becomes more of a burden. To make a general purpose operating system scale to such levels, new technology is required for parallel resource management and global system management (including fault management). In this paper, we describe the shortcomings of full-featured operating systems and runtime systems and discuss an approach to scale such systems to one hundred thousand processors with both scalable parallel application performance and efficient system management.
Oral antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: heterogeneity in efficacy and tolerability should drive decision-making.

Background: Antipsychotic medications are conventionally divided into two groups: First-generation and second-generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs). There is a disagreement about the role of th...
Cytologic distinctions between clinical groups using curette-probe compared to cytology brush.

Background We had previously used curette-probe (Rhinoprobe; Arlington Scientific, Springville, UT) to study nasal cytology in various types of patients. Because of the potential sampling ease of using a brush, we sought to compare cytological results obtained with a curette-probe with those obtained using a cytology brush (Cytobrush Plus; Medscand, Malmo, Sweden). Objective To compare the ability of samples of nasal leukocytes obtained with a curette-probe versus a cytology brush to distinguish clinical categories of patients attending an allergy clinic. Methods Adult allergy clinic patients were studied by both curette-probe and cytology brush sampling. Quantitation of eosinophils and total leukocytes was performed on samples. Comparisons of cell quantities for each sampling method were made in patients classified into clinical groups. Patients with rhinitis complaints and abnormalities of nasal mucosal appearance with or without aeroallergy were compared with other patients. The adjustment of leukocyte quantities for the numbers of epithelial cells observed was also analyzed. Sampling methods were also compared for receiver operating characteristics. Results Curette-probe sample leukocyte quantities distinguished patients with symptoms of rhinitis (SR) with abnormal nasal appearance from other patients. This between-group distinction was more significant for leukocyte numbers normalized for the number of epithelial cells. SR patients with both abnormal nasal appearance and aeroallergy had significantly more eosinophils and less goblet cells than other patients. Greater than five curette-probe eosinophils were only observed in patients with SR. Brush samples did not show differences between patients stratified in these ways, and eosinophils were observed in patients without SR. Receiver operating characteristics favored curette-probe samples in terms of leukocyte or eosinophil increases characterizing their respective symptomatic patient subgroups. Conclusions Curette-probe–obtained nasal samples allow for leukocyte and eosinophil quantitations which characterize rhinitis patients better than brush-obtained samples. Total leukocyte quantitations obtained by curette-probe may represent a marker of inflammatory nasal disease in adults undergoing allergy evaluation and treatment for rhinitis.
Pharmacodynamics of three daily infusions of etoposide in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer

The objectives of this study were to define the pharmacodynamics of etoposide and to develop potentially useful models (1) to estimate the plasma clearance using a limited number of samples and (2) to describe the relationship between clearance and the dose-limiting toxicity. A total of 17 patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer were treated with 150 mg/m2 etoposide daily for 3 consecutive days and with 100 mg/m2 cisplatin on day 3 only. Both drugs were given intravenously over 1 h. Treatment was repeated every 21 days for up to six courses. All patients were newly diagnosed (no previous chemotherapy or irradiation) and had a performance status of 0–2. Six patients achieved a complete response as confirmed by repeat bronchoscopy and five patients showed a partial response, for an overall objective response rate of 65% (95% confidence interval, 38%–87%). The median survival was 8 months (range, 1–24+ months). The dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Etoposide pharmacokinetics were measured during the first course and determinations were repeated during courses 3 or 4 and 6. Complete blood counts were obtained weekly. Correlations for etoposide clearance and hematologic toxicities were evaluated for 17 initial courses and for an overall number of 33 courses. Pharmacodynamic correlations were significant for graded hematologic toxicities, as well as nadirs of leukocytes, neutrophils, and platelets for the initial courses and for all courses. To reduce the requirement for numerous blood samples, a limited sampling model was developed to estimate the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) with the following equation: $$AUC = 15.45 + 3.86 \times C_2 + 7.10 \times C_4 ,$$
Question classification with support vector machines and error correcting codes

In this paper we consider a machine learning technique for question classification. The goal is to replace our regular expression based classifier with a classifier that learns from a set of labeled questions. We have realized that an enourmous amount of time is required to create a rich collection of patterns and keywords for a good coverage of questions in an open-domain application. We decided to use support vector machines, since they have been successfully used for a number of benchmark problems. Although the support vector machines are inherently binary classifiers, it is possible to extend their use as multi-class classifiers using binary codes. We represent questions as frequency weighted vectors of salient terms. We compare our approcah to related work that uses relatively complex syntactic/semantic processing to create features and a sparse network of linear units to classify questions. We provide results to show performance of the method.
The chromatin remodeler Mi-2beta is required for establishment of the basal epidermis and normal differentiation of its progeny.

Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we show that the chromatin remodeler Mi-2β is crucial for different aspects of skin development. Early (E10.5) depletion of Mi-2β in the developing ventral epidermis results in the delayed reduction of its suprabasal layers in late embryogenesis and to the ultimate depletion of its basal layer. Later (E13.5) loss of Mi-2β in the dorsal epidermis does not interfere with suprabasal layer differentiation or maintenance of the basal layer, but induction of hair follicles is blocked. After initiation of the follicle, some subsequent morphogenesis of the hair peg may proceed in the absence of Mi-2β, but production of the progenitors that give rise to the inner layers of the hair follicle and hair shaft is impaired. These results suggest that the extended self-renewal capacity of epidermal precursors arises early during embryogenesis by a process that is critically dependent on Mi-2β. Once this process is complete, Mi-2β is apparently dispensable for the maintenance of established repopulating epidermal stem cells and for the differentiation of their progeny into interfollicular epidermis for the remainder of gestation. Mi-2β is however essential for the reprogramming of basal cells to the follicular and, subsequently, hair matrix fates.
A New Magnetic Technique for the Treatment of Giant Retinal Tears

Using surgical techniques similar to those for closed vitreous surgery, we introduced a small magnetic sphere into the intraocular cavity of experimental animals. The sphere was subsequently maneuvered gently over the retina to unfold and reposition it with a small external permanent magnet probe. We used 68 enucleated canine eyes; eight eyes were operated in vivo and then examined microscopically. Retinal damage was caused by friction and excessive pressure when we used external magnets that were too strong or spheres that were too large. When small intraocular magnetic spheres coated with silicone or teflon or encased in a hollow oversize epoxy sphere were used the damage to the retina was minimal, or absent. We suggest using this same technique to treat retinal tumors through the introduction of radioactive material or antitumoral drugs. The intraocular magnetic sphere of this type would be left inside the eye in contact with the lesion for an extended period (seven days to three months) by suturing a small magnet to the sclera over the lesion.
Posttraumatic hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome) in a child

The Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) results from hepatic venous outflow obstruction and is characterized by massive ascites and painful hepatomegaly. It is a rare condition, particularly in children, and is often fatal without surgical intervention. Although several conditions resulting in a hypercoagulable state appear to predispose individuals to developing the disorder in adulthood, the etiology in children is often obscure. We present the case of a 6-year-old girl treated nonoperatively for blunt abdominal trauma and hemoperitoneum. Two weeks following her injury, she developed an acute BCS with rapid liver failure, ascites, and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of hepatic vein thrombosis was confirmed radiographically and the patient underwent a C-type mesocaval shunt procedure. The etiology, diagnosis, and surgical management of BCS in children and a review of the literature are discussed.
Burning velocities of multicomponent organic fuel mixtures derived from various coals

Abstract In pulverized coal flames, nonuniform mixing and particle dispersion ensure that the products of primary devolatilization are transformed by secondary pyrolysis they burn. This laboratory study shows how the rates of volatiles combustion change during the course of secondary pyrolysis for a spectrum of coal types. Volatiles mixtures are generated in a novel coal flow reactor that independently regulates the extent of secondary pyrolysis. After tars, soot, and char particles are filtered out, oxygen and nitrogen are added to prepare combustible mixtures that have specified fuel equivalence and dilution ratios. Flames are propagated through the mixtures in a combustion bomb to acquire the pressure histories that define laminar burning velocities. Burning velocities of noncondensible volatiles from 4 coals representing ranks from subbituminous to low volatile bituminous are reported for fuel equivalence ratios from 0.4 to 1.5, at two dilution ratios and two unburned gas temperatures. For all coal types, burning velocities triple as the extent of secondary pyrolysis increases from 50 to 100%, in rough proportion to variations in the H2 levels. This tendency is consistent with conversion of the oxygen and hydrogen in tar into CO and H2, and of light hydrocarbons into acetylene. For complete secondary pyrolysis, the burning velocities of volatiles from higher rank coals approach the comparable values for hydrogen combustion. But this tendency is not seen with lower rank coals because hydrogen makes smaller contributions to their heating values. Increasing contributions from hydrogen explain the impact of increasing extents of secondary pyrolysis, and different proportions of CO and H2 determine the variation of burning velocities among different coal ranks. This database is used to develop a correlation based on a scaling from the thermal theory of laminar flame propagation and only two pseudo-components: the actual H2 and CO levels plus the amounts associated with instantaneous partial oxidation of all hydrocarbons. Provided that flame temperatures are based on actual mixture compositions, this strategy closely correlates a database that covers virtually the entire spectrum of coal types, the last half of secondary pyrolysis, the full range of equivalence ratio encountered in practice, plus two dilution ratios and two unburned gas temperatures. The same scaling is used to assign nominal burning rates from the measured burning velocities, which are found to be up to an order of magnitude faster than burning rates of soot, as expected.
Equidistance Tracking Nonlinear Controller for Under Actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

A new method of path planning and tracking while maintaining a constant distance from underwater moving objects has been developed for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). First a kinematics controller that generates the proper trajectories is designed. Then a dynamics sliding mode controller is employed to drive the vehicle on the desired trajectories. The dynamics controller is robust against the parameter uncertainty in the dynamics model of the vehicle. Results of numerical simulations for INFANTE-AUV model show excellent performance for tracking of an object on sinusoidal trajectory.© 2010 ASME
The role of the electrocardiogram as a prognostic tool in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Willem Einthoven, Sir Thomas Lewis, and Frank Wilson are widely regarded as the fathers of modern electrocardiography. Working in Leiden, Einthoven developed the string galvanometer in 1901 and used it to measure the human electrocardiogram (ECG), for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1924. Lewis, working at the University College in London from 1908 to 1920, exploited this instrument to study the mechanisms of arrhythmias and spread of electrical excitation. During the following 3 decades at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, Wilson developed the physical and mathematical basis of the ECG, conceived the central terminal as an indifferent electrode, and introduced the unipolar precordial leads. He studied abnormalities of the waveforms including hypertrophy, bundle branch block, and myocardial infarction. The ability to operate the instrument and interpret the ECG first defined the cardiologist as a medical subspecialist. Guidelines for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend performing a 12-lead ECGwithin 10minutes of emergency department arrival on all patients with chest discomfort (or anginal equivalent) or other symptoms suggestive of STEMI to confirm the diagnosis. Although Einthoven's machine weighed 600 lb and required 5 men to operate it, current technology permits the portable recording of the 12-lead ECG by an emergency medical technician and the prehospital diagnosis of STEMI. Now, the prehospital ECG is the cornerstone for developing a prehospital STEMI system of care, just as the inhospital ECG triggers the in-hospital STEMI system of care.
Direct Desaturation of Free Myristic Acid by Hen Liver Microsomal Δ9-Desaturase without Prior Activation to Myristoyl-CoA Derivative

Direct desaturation of free myristic acid by hen liver microsomal Delta(9)-desaturase without prior activation to myristoyl-CoA by the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and CoA was observed when the incubation medium was mixed at mixing speeds of >250 rpm in the presence of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP). Desaturation was linear with time and proportional to the microsomal protein concentration. Desaturation was maximal at pH 7.9. The greatest desaturation rate was observed at a mixing speed of 500 rpm in the presence of FABP. Desaturation decreased at mixing speeds of >500 rpm. Data suggest that when myristic acid is bound to FABP in the form of protein-monomer complexes, its activation to the CoA derivative is not necessary for it to be desaturated by the Delta(9)-desaturase when using mixing rates of >250 rpm. Myristic acid-FABP complexes serve as substrates for the Delta(9)-desaturase at mixing rates of >250 rpm. Desaturation was reduced by bovine serum albumin and alpha-bromohexadecanoate, and no desaturation was observed in the absence of FABP. These findings suggest that FABP may regulate the accessibility of fatty acids in the desaturation reaction to the active site of the desaturase rather than just protect the membrane-bound desaturase from the cytotoxic effect of free fatty acids.
How to Test a Colored-Quark Model for ψ Particles

We present crucial tests of our assignment for the $\ensuremath{\psi}$ particles in a colored-quark model. They include observations of (1) the predominant direct decays, $\ensuremath{\psi}(3.1)$ and $\ensuremath{\psi}(3.7)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}+{X}_{\mathrm{vac}}$; (2) the chain decays, $\ensuremath{\psi}(4.1)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\psi}(3.1)+X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+X$ ($X$ is an arbitrary hadronic state and ${X}_{\mathrm{vac}}$ is that with the vacuum quantum numbers); (3) the monochromatic meson emissions, $\ensuremath{\psi}(4.1)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}+(\ensuremath{\rho}, {\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}), K+({K}^{*}, {\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0})$; and (4) the radiative decays, $\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}+2n\ensuremath{\pi}, \ensuremath{\gamma}+\ensuremath{\eta}$.
A dissimilatory nitrite reductase in Paracoccus halodenitrificans

Paracoccus halodenitrificans produced a membrane-associated nitrite reductase. Spectrophotometric analysis showed it to be associated with a cd-cytochrome and located on the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane. When supplied with nitrite, membrane preparations produced nitrous oxide and nitric oxide in different ratios depending on the electron donor employed. The nitrite reductase was maximally active at relatively low concentrations of sodium chloride and remained attached to the membranes at 100 mM sodium chloride.
Gyroscopically induced vibrations of plates and membranes.

An analytical study is presented for the vibrational response of simply supported rectangular plates and membranes subjected to gyroscopically induced inertia loads. The members are considered to be spinning at a constant rate while simultaneously undergoing a constant precession at a fixed angle of nutation. The equations of motion are formulated for members mounted either parallel or perpendicular to the spin axis. It is found that these equations contain distributed harmonic inertia forces whose amplitudes and frequencies are dependent on the spin and precessional angular velocities. The solutions of these equations show that the natural frequencies of the plates and membranes are reduced by the effects of spin and precession and that this effect may be appreciable, particularly for membranes. It is also shown that only certain modes of vibration will respond to the gyroscopically induced inertia loading and that, for members mounted parallel to the spin axis, the motion is governed by a set of Mathieu equations along with the associated stability characteristics.
Does 2-Hydroxyestrone Suppress Prolactin in Women=*

The catechol estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone was administered iv to six normal women at a dose of 80 µg/h for 4 h. In contrast to previous studies, no suppression of plasma PRL concentrations and no effect on LH or FSH were observed. We found no evidence to suggest that this compound behaves peripherally as anything other than a weak estrogen
What Are They Fighting For? The Importance of Issues in International Conflict Research:

Most empirical research on international conflict has focused on national, dyadic, and systemic attributes to understand state behavior. Following the ideas of Vasquez & Mansbach, this study argues...
A Review of Through It All: Reflections on My Life, My Family, and My Faith

Through It All: Reflections on My Life, My Family, and My Faith. C. Farris, New York, NY: Atria, 2010, 257 pages, $15.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9781416548829.In celebration of the 50th anniversary of t...
A new low-noise bipolar C-band transistor

Computer designing techniques and novel processing were used to develop an experimental, high performance microwave transistor which is useful as a low-noise amplifier in both the S-band and the C-band. The transistor, L-216C, is a double diffused, NPN silicon transistor made by a special planar process without the aid of electron beam lithography or ion implantation. The transistor has a measured f max of 30 GHz, and it has achieved a noise figure of 3.0 dB at 4 GHz and 4.2 dB at 6 GHz. The maximum available gain at 4 GHz and 6 GHz are 11.5 dB and 8.0 dB respectively.
The Reinforcing Effects of the Recommendation in Threatening Communication

Summary An instrumental escape conditioning paradigm was used to test the drive reducing effects of the recommendation in a threatening communication. Analogies were drawn between threatening communications and conditioning. Instrumental response speed was a monotonic decreasing function of delay of reinforcement: 0, 2, 6 sec (p < .001). Each of the three delay groups acquired the instrumental response (p < .001). Speed = 1/latency, automatically measured to .01 sec by a Lafayette digital stop clock. The Ss were 54 undergraduate males. A procedure was introduced to allow the separation and analysis of the drive inducing and reinforcing components of a threatening communication. Significant differences were detected between the reinforcing effects of the communications (p < .008). The results were interpreted in terms of the fear reduction model of persuasive communication.
Particle deposition and clearance in the bronchial tree.

Mucociliary transport is responsible for the cleansing of inhaled particles from the conducting airways of the lung. The characteristics of human tracheobronchial mucociliary transport have been investigated using radiotagged aerosols. These methods are critically reviewed together with alternative techniques. The role of predictive mathematical models of tracheobronchial clearance is discussed. Major findings regarding mucociliary clearance in health and the effects of drugs, inhaled pollutants, and disease are summarized. Throughout, areas requiring problem-solving are delineated.
Initial myocardial infarction among veterans: ten-year survival.

Abstract The report covers and analysis and 10-year review of the history of 427 patients who survived 2 months after their initial transmural myocardial infarction. Advanced age of the patient, a history of angina pectoris, and a history of hypertension before the initial attack were associated with a higher 10-year mortality rate. The most favorable prognosis was found in those patients who were under 50 years of age at the time of their original myocardial infarction. In this study, 61 per cent of the patients under 50 years of age who were alive 2 months after the acute infarction lived for 10 years. The corresponding survival rate of those patients over 50 years of age was 33 per cent.
Fracture toughness of bulk metallic glass welds made using nanostructured reactive multilayer foils

We measured the fracture toughness of joints in amorphous Zr 57 Ti 5 Ni 8 Cu 20 Al 10 made using Al/Ni reactive multilayer foils. The highest fracture toughness measured was ∼12 MPa m 1/2 . Based on the fracture toughness and the crack propagation paths, we conclude that virtually all of the toughness can be ascribed to the presence of metallic glass ligaments in the joint. Increasing the stress applied during joining increases the area fraction of these ligaments and so increases the fracture toughness as well.
Conjugation of a fetuin glycopeptide to human follicle-stimulating hormone and its subunits by photoactivation

Abstract Human follicle-stimulating hormone (human FSH), dansylated human FSH, human FSH-α and human FSH-β subunits were individually conjugated by photoactivation to an azidobenzoyl derivative of a glycopeptide isolated from fetuin. The conjugates were purified on a column of Sephadex G-100. The carbohydrate content of the conjugated human FSH increased 2.7-fold with a concomitant 1.5- and 2-fold increase in the immunological and biological activity of the human FSH. The glucosamine content of the human FSH-α and human FSH-β increased 6- and 1.4-fold, respectively, after conjugation. Human FSH-α conjugate, when recombined with untreated human FSH-β showed upto 50% increase in the biological activity over the control. When the conjugated human FSH-β was combined with untreated human FSH-α, there was little change in the biological activity. These experiments demonstrate that the photoactivation procedure, although random and site-nonspecific in nature, provides a potential means of attachment of glycopeptides to the protein moiety and enhancement of the hormonal activity of human FSH.