cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract KP03: NOVEL IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS FOR OVARIAN CANCER

In the last decade we have seen significance advances in the understanding of how the immune system modulates the ovarian tumor microenvironment and cancer growth. A number of studies have shown that high levels of tumor infiltrating adaptive immune system cells (B-cells and T-cells) found in ovarian cancer are associated with a favorable prognosis, especially if there is evidence of reduced regulatory T-cells. Robust T-cell tumor infiltration (TIL) is associated with PD-L1 upregulation. Almost half of ovarian cancers demonstrate enhanced PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and/or tumor infiltrating immune system cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibodies block receptors such as PD-1 and PD-L1 which suppress T-cell function. The largest study of immune checkpoint inhibition in ovarian cancer evaluated the blockade of PD-L1 using avelumab. In this phase I/II study 124 patients with recurrent disease, considered chemotherapy refractory, were treated with 10mg/kg avelumab every 2 weeks (65% of patients with 3 or greater salvage regimens). The overall response rate was 10% with a stable disease rate of 44% resulting in a disease control rate of 54%. Overall survival at 12 months was 44%. Clinical response did not correlate with either PDL-1 expression on tumor or immune infiltrating cells or BRCA mutation status. A randomized trial of avelumab in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in cisplatin refractory ovarian cancer has been initiated. Pre-clinical studies have shown that clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in ovarian cancer may be enhanced by increasing Type I T-cell infiltration concurrent with therapy. Clinical strategies aimed at increasing TIL include the use of vaccines immunizing against ovarian cancer antigens to stimulate T-cells trafficking to tumor. Specific chemotherapy may result in increased TIL as some cytotoxic agents have been shown to modulate both the level and phenotype of TIL in ovarian cancer. An alternate approach is to suppress alternate pathways of tumor immune escape such as depletion of macrophage or inhibition of the IDO pathway to enhance immune activation. Several promising combination immunotherapy strategies are currently being evaluated in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Mary L. Disis, MD. NOVEL IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS FOR OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr KP03.
The Benefits of Higher Income in Protecting against Chronic Medical Conditions Are Smaller for African Americans than Whites

Background: Blacks’ diminished return is defined as smaller protective effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on health of African Americans compared to Whites. Aim: Using a nationally representative sample, the current study aimed to examine if the protective effect of income on chronic medical conditions (CMC) differs for African Americans compared to Whites. Methods: With a cross-sectional design, the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2003, included 3570 non-Hispanic African Americans and 891 non-Hispanic Whites. The dependent variable was CMC, treated as a continuous measure. The independent variable was income. Race was the focal moderator. Age, education, and marital status were covariates. Linear regressions were used to test if the protective effect of income against CMC varies by race. Results: High income was associated with a lower number of CMC in the pooled sample. We found a significant interaction between race and income, suggesting that income has a smaller protective effect against CMC for African Americans than it does for Whites. Conclusion: Blacks’ diminished return also holds for the effects of income on CMC. Blacks’ diminished return is a contributing mechanism to the racial disparities in health in the United States that is often overlooked. More research is needed on the role of diminished health return of SES resources among other minority groups.
CSR as Gendered Neocoloniality in the Global South

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has generally been recognized as corporate pro-social behavior aimed at remediating social issues external to organizations, while political CSR has acknowledged the political nature of such activity beyond social aims. Despite the growth of this literature, there is still little attention given to gender as the starting point for a conversation on CSR, ethics, and the Global South. Deploying critical insights from feminist work in postcolonial traditions, I outline how MNCs replicate gendered neocolonialist discourses and perpetuate exploitative material dependences between Global North/South through CSR activities. Specifically, I address issues of neocolonial relations, subaltern agency, and ethics in the context of gendered global division of labor through the exemplar of Rana Plaza and its aftermath. In all, I offer new directions for CSR scholarship by attending to the intersections of gender, ethics, and responsibility as they relate to corporate actions in the Global South.
Embedding, covert movement, and intervention in Kathmandu Newari

In this paper, we explore the syntax of wh-dependencies in Newari (Sino-Tibetan). We examine the patterns of intervention and island effects in wh -in-situ configurations, and we find that sensitivity to these constraints often co-occur. We thus argue that Newari permits wh-operators to either covertly move to fix their scope, or may take scope in-situ via focus alternative composition analysis. Additionally, we argue that clausal complements to verbs (“verbal argument CPs”) may be islands for covert movement in this language.
Beyond Samuel: evolving a nearly expert checkers player

Evolutionary algorithms can be used to learn how to play complex games of strategy without relying on human expertise. Here I discuss the use of evolutionary computation and artificial neural networks in learning how to play checkers. Starting from neural networks that were created randomly, an evolutionary algorithm has been able to craft a network that can play checkers at a nearly expert level. No features beyond the positions of pieces on the board and the piece differential were provided. The evolutionary algorithm learned everything else on its own, simply by playing the game.
Impact of the Aliso Canyon Gas Leak on Respiratory-Related Conditions Among US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Users.

Background The largest gas leak in United States history occurred October 2015 through February 2016 near Porter Ranch (PR), California, and prompted the temporary relocation of nearby residents because of health concerns related to natural gas exposure. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative and clinical data. On the basis of zip codes, we created two groups: PR (1920 patients) and San Fernando Valley (SFV) (15 260 patients) and examined the proportion of outpatient visits to VA providers with respiratory-related diagnoses between October 2014 and September 2017. Results We observed an increase in the proportion of visits in the PR group during the leak (7.0% vs 6.1%, Pl0.005) and immediately after the leak (7.7% vs 5.3%, Pl0.0001). For both groups, we observed a decrease in respiratory diagnoses one year after the leak (7.0% to 5.9%, Pl0.05 PR; 6.1% to 5.7%, Pl0.01 SFV). Conclusion Exposure to natural gas likely led to the observed increase in respiratory-related diagnoses during and after the PR gas leak. Early relocation following natural gas leaks may mitigate respiratory exacerbations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:419-423).
Clinical validation of smartphone-based activity tracking in peripheral artery disease patients

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disease that leads to reduced blood flow to the limbs, often causing claudication symptoms that impair patients’ ability to walk. The distance walked during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) correlates well with patient claudication symptoms, so we developed the VascTrac iPhone app as a platform for monitoring PAD using a digital 6MWT. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of the built-in iPhone distance and step-counting algorithms during 6MWTs. One hundred and fourteen (114) participants with PAD performed a supervised 6MWT using the VascTrac app while simultaneously wearing an ActiGraph GT9X Activity Monitor. Steps and distance-walked during the 6MWT were manually measured and used to assess the bias in the iPhone CMPedometer algorithms. The iPhone CMPedometer step algorithm underestimated steps with a bias of −7.2% ± 13.8% (mean ± SD) and had a mean percent difference with the Actigraph (Actigraph-iPhone) of 5.7% ± 20.5%. The iPhone CMPedometer distance algorithm overestimated distance with a bias of 43% ± 42% due to overestimation in stride length. Our correction factor improved distance estimation to 8% ± 32%. The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) correlated poorly with steps (R = 0.365) and distance (R = 0.413). Thus, in PAD patients, the iPhone’s built-in distance algorithm is unable to accurately measure distance, suggesting that custom algorithms are necessary for using iPhones as a platform for monitoring distance walked in PAD patients. Although the iPhone accurately measured steps, more research is necessary to establish step counting as a clinically meaningful metric for PAD.
Introduction to Social Marketing

Marketing emerged as a discipline following the industrial revolution, when the supply of goods began to exceed consumer demand. Before then, merchandise was generally made to order. As mass production increased the supply of merchandise, however, there was far more than enough to meet society's basic needs and it became necessary to stimulate demand to take up the excess. In both the public and nonprofit sectors, social marketing found a fertile seedbed. On one hand, the concern for human rights created pressure for government action. On the other, it led to the establishment of nonprofit institutions, which were seen as a means of meeting social needs being overlooked by public and private enterprises such as the need for schools, hospitals, non-toll roads, bridges, canals, and waterworks. The marketing of any product, tangible or abstract, benefits from the preparation of a marketing plan, usually one based on the time-honored four P's—product, price, promotion, and place (distribution).
Plutarch’s Politics: Between City and Empire, Hugh Liebert Review by Carl Eric Scott

Leo Strauss inspired a renaissance in the study of classical political philosophy, and one of its side effects has been an increased number of close textual analyses of ancient works traditionally ...
Remarkable improvement in low temperature performance of model three-way catalysts through solution atomic layer deposition

The development of three-way catalysts with improved low temperature activity is essential for automotive catalysis. Here, we show that solution atomic layer deposition (SALD) of titania or zirconia promoters on alumina supports lowers the light-off temperatures of rhodium-based catalysts by 50–150 °C compared to a commercial benchmark three-way catalyst. X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy loss spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure results indicate that titania incorporated by SALD at one monolayer loading is present primarily as atomically disperse 5-coordinate Ti4+ species. These species persist after exposure to steam and corrosive gases at temperatures up to 960 °C. Zirconia incorporated onto alumina by SALD is present as few-nanometre oxide particles and supports a three-way catalyst activity that is superior to that of Rh on either alumina or zirconia. Our results show that molecularly precise synthesis can lead to robust promotion of precious metal activity and provide a promising path towards reducing emissions from gasoline vehicles. Improving the performance of commercial three-way catalysts like rhodium on alumina is a major challenge considering the limited design space allowed for such systems. Now, solution atomic layer deposition is used to incorporate titania or zirconia promoters into this catalyst, leading to remarkable improvements in its overall performance.
Concurrent umbilical hernia repair at the time of liver transplantation: A six-year experience from a single institution

Background: Umbilical hernias are common in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. Management of those persisting at the time of liver transplantation is important to define. Objective: To evaluate the long-term results of patients undergoing simultaneous primary umbilical hernia repair (UHR) at the time of liver transplantation at a single institution. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing simultaneous UHR and liver transplantation from 2010 through 2016. 30-day morbidity and mortality outcomes and long-term hernia recurrence were investigated. Results: 59 patients had primary UHR at the time of liver transplantation. All hernias were reducible with no overlying skin breakdown or leakage of ascites. 30-day morbidity and mortality included 5 (8%) superficial surgical site infections, 1 (2%) deep surgical site infection, and 7 (12%) organ space infections. Unrelated to the UHR, 10 (17%) patients had an unplanned return to the operating room, 16 (27%) were readmitted within 30 days of their index operation, and 1 (2%) patient died. With a mean follow-up of 21.8 months, 7 (18%) patients experienced an umbilical hernia recurrence. Conclusion: Despite the high perioperative morbidity associated with the transplant procedure, concurrent primary UHR resulted in an acceptable long-term recurrence rate with minimal associated morbidity.
Utilizing the Biopsychosocial Model in Concussion Treatment: Post-Traumatic Headache and beyond

To discuss recent literature concerning the application of the biopsychosocial model in the management of concussion and post-concussion headache. Current research suggests that the biopsychosocial model is applicable to the concussion management process, particularly management of post-concussion headache. Such application is best illustrated by current active treatment strategies such as exercise, multifaceted rehabilitation, and psychosocial interventions targeting improved patient outcomes. Overall, the biopsychosocial model has significant applications to the management of concussion, particularly post-concussion headache. Presentation and recovery following concussion and post-traumatic headache is multifaceted and includes the continuum of biological, psychological, and social considerations. In order to fully understand the widespread clinical utility and application of such models, there is a continued need for researcher, practitioner, and patient integration and collaboration to determine the most effective assessment and treatment strategies.
Racial Disparities In Stop and Frisk Distributions by the Philadelphia Police Department

The rates of police stops of Black and White pedestrians vary greatly in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Using a propensity score design, this study matches the rates of stops using stop data characteristics from the Philadelphia Police Department to further analyze racial disparities in police stops. Re-weighting allows to better analyze stop distributions by assessing the difference of frisk rates between Blacks and Whites. The purpose of comparing the stops in similar situations is that if the location of the stop is controlled for, along with the gender, year, and time of day of the stop occurrence, the explainatory variable left to be a plausible reason in stop rate differences between the groups is race. Black pedestrians in Philadelphia are disproportionally frisked more than White pedestrians, 15% vs. 10%. However, Philadelphia police are more likely to recover contraband from frisked Black pedestrians.
Lidar Measurements of the Dimensionless Humidity Gradient in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer

Note: American Geophysical Union, Models and observations of land-atmosphere interaction. (V. Lakshmi, J. Albertson, and J. Schaake, Editors), 7-13 Reference EFLUM-CHAPTER-2001-001 Record created on 2005-09-08, modified on 2017-02-23
Tevatron Operational Experiences

Fermilabs superconducting accelerator, the Tevatron has been operational for nearly six years. The history of its operation is presented. Several long shutdowns for superconducting dipole repairs are discussed. The dominant factor influencing the repair was conductor motion which fatigued the cable in the magnet ends. Borescoping and x-raying techniques were used to determine which magnet ends required repair.
THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE ‘AFTER’ NEOLIBERALISM

The relationships between neoliberalism and environmental governance have been the topic of much scholarly and policy debate. The recent, and ongoing, economic crisis brings new questions and urgency to these debates. This paper examines whether and how the economic crisis might be understood as a crisis of neoliberalism and what the implications might be for environmental quality and the dominance of ‘neoliberal’ approaches to environmental governance. The paper attempts to delineate some of the major potential relationships between neoliberalism and environmental governance through this crisis. It argues that although such relationships are contingent and subject to political action, in the US context at least the ongoing economic crisis has resulted in a weakening of support for environmental protections, in a manner that does not fit with current claims of the ‘post-political’ condition. The paper concludes by outlining several positive contributions critical geographers and other analysts of nature-society relations could make to challenging the current dominance of neoliberal policies in environmental management.
Quantum Criticality in Heavy Electron Compounds

Heavy electron systems provide ideal venues to study a range of issues associated with quantum criticality, including unconventional electronic phases, mo- ment formation, and complex phase diagrams with exotic critical phenomena. In the heavy electron antiferromagnets studied so far, magnetic order occurs via a second order phase transition which can be tuned via pressure or field to a quantum criti- cal point. Fermi liquid behavior is found beyond the quantum critical point, and the quasiparticle mass diverges at the quantum critical point, nucleating the moments required to enable magnetic order itself. We review here our experimental results on a new heavy electron system, Yb3Pt4, where antiferromagnetic order is weakly first order in zero field, but becomes second order at a critical endpoint with the application of magnetic field. No divergence of the quasiparticle mass is observed near the quantum critical field, and instead magnetic order is driven by the exchange enhancement of the Fermi liquid itself. These data support the thesis that there are multiple routes to quantum criticality in the heavy electron compounds.
Exact Eigenanalyses of Certain N^m x N^m Density Matrices

We apply and extend recent results of Krattenthaler and Slater (quant-ph/9612043), who sought quantum analogs of seminal work on universal data compression of Clarke and Barron. KS obtained explicit formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the 2^m x 2^m density matrices gotten by averaging the m-fold tensor products with themselves of the 2 x 2 density matrices. The weighting was done with respect to a one-parameter family of probability distributions, all the members of which are spherically-symmetric over the "Bloch sphere" of two-level quantum systems. This family includes the normalized volume element of the minimal monotone (Bures) metric. In this letter, we conduct parallel analyses (for m =2,3,4), based on a natural measure on the density matrices recently proposed by Zyczkowski, Horodecki, Sanpera and Lewenstein (quant-ph/9804024) and find interesting similarities and differences with the findings of KS. In addition, we are able to obtain exact analogous results, based on the measure of ZHSL, for the twofold tensor products of the 3 x 3 density matrices.
Effects of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in a Slow-Release Hylan Vehicle on Rat Type II Collagen Arthritis

Purpose. To determine the effect of hylan fluid (HA), a model slow release vehicle on the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) in rats with established type II collagen arthritis.
Myanmar on the Move: An Overview of Recent Developments

This paper examines the remarkable political transition underway in Myanmar/Burma since the inauguration of President Thein Sein at the end of March 2011. It begins with the historical background and the political context and then addresses the main features of the economy, highlighting current performance, major reforms, and key issues. It concludes by characterising the progress to date as verging on the miraculous, while stressing that future progress is highly uncertain. The next two years leading up to a national election in 2015 are unlikely to be as easy as the past two. Outsiders can be most helpful by giving senior officials more space to concentrate on policy formulation and implantation.
Possible atmospheric CO2 extremes of the Middle Cretaceous (late Albian-Turonian)

[1] Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) estimates for the Middle Cretaceous (MK) have a range of >4000 ppm, which presents considerable uncertainty in understanding the possible causes of warmth for this interval. This paper examines the problem of MK greenhouse forcing from an inverse perspective: we estimate upper ocean water temperatures from oxygen isotope measurements of well-preserved late Albian–Turonian planktonic foraminifera and compare these against temperatures predicted by general circulation model (GCM) experiments with CO2 concentrations of 500–7500 ppm. At least 4500 ppm CO2 is required to match maximum temperatures inferred from well-preserved planktonic foraminifera. Approximately 900 ppm CO2 produces a good match between the model and the minimum temperature estimates for the MK. An ocean model forced by these two extremes in surface conditions brackets nearly all available bottom water temperature estimates for this interval. The climate model results support nearly the entire range of MK CO2 estimates from proxy data. The ocean model suggests possible MK oceanographic changes from deep water formation in the high latitude region of one hemisphere to the other hemisphere in response to changes in atmospheric temperatures and hydrologic cycle strength. We suggest that, rather than contradicting one another, the various proxy CO2 techniques (especially those with high temporal resolution) may capture true variability in CO2 concentrations and that MK CO2 could have varied by several thousand ppm through this interval.
Understanding the evolution of SFAS 141 and 142: An analysis of comment letters

Abstract This study analyzes the evolution of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)'s Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 141 and 142, through a detailed analysis of comment letters submitted to the FASB on Business Combinations Exposure Drafts 201 and 201 (Revised). Comment letters, an integral part of the standard-setting process, contain valuable insights on the views of parties affected by FASB's pronouncements – issuers, professional accountants and auditors, securities analysts, and others. The content analysis indicates that a majority of corporate respondents opposed the abolition of the pooling-of-interests method, not on theoretical grounds, but on the grounds that abolishing pooling would bring adverse economic consequences to their firms and industries. Letters also show strong differences in views across various groups of respondents. On the question of how goodwill should be treated once recognized, the amortization-with-impairment approach garnered significantly more support from the entire pool of respondents than the impairment-only approach, and the dominant view among most respondents, particularly audit firms, was that an impairment-only approach would not be reliable enough to be feasible in practice. These views are in sharp contrast to the FASB's eventual adoption of the impairment-only approach in SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which suggests that the evolution of this standard was subject to forces not fully evident from, or reflected in, the comment letter process.
Deep brain stimulation for early-stage Parkinson's disease: an illustrative case.

Objectives: Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective intervention in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but its efficacy and safety in early PD are unknown. We are conducting a randomized pilot trial investigating DBS in early PD. This report describes one participant who received bilateral STN-DBS. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects have been randomized to either optimal drug therapy (ODT) or DBS + ODT. Microelectrode recordings from the STN and substantia nigra are collected at implantation. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Motor Subscale (UPDRS-III) is administered in the ON and OFF states semi-annually and neuropsychological function and quality of life are assessed annually. We describe a 54-year-old man with a two-year history of PD who was randomized to DBS + ODT and followed for two years. Results: The subject showed a lower STN to substantia nigra ratio of neuronal activity than advanced PD patients, and higher firing rate than non-PD patients. The subject's total UPDRS and UPDRS-III scores improved during the two-year follow-up, while his OFF UPDRS-III score and levodopa equivalent daily dose increased. Quality of life, verbal fluency, and verbal learning improved. He did not experience any serious adverse events. Conclusions: This report details the first successful application of bilateral STN-DBS for early-stage PD during a clinical trial.
A distributed monitoring mechanism for wireless sensor networks

In this paper we focus on a large class of wireless sensor networks that are designed and used for monitoring and surveillance. The single most important mechanism underlying such systems is the monitoring of the network itself, that is, the control center needs to be constantly made aware of the existence/health of all the sensors in the network for security reasons. In this study we present plausible alternative communication strategies that can achieve this goal, and then develop and study in more detail a distributed monitoring mechanism that aims at localized decision making and minimizing the propagation of false alarms. Key constraints of such systems include low energy consumption and low complexity. Key performance measures of this mechanism include high detection accuracy (low false alarm probabilities) and high responsiveness (low response latency). We investigate the trade-offs via simulation.
Physical Modeling of All-Electric Furnaces

Both mathematical and physical models have been used in the development of all-electric glass furnaces. The relationship between these models in their macro and micro aspects is examined. Physical models are described, and the results obtained by them are given.
Secondary brain injury in trauma patients: the effects of remote ischemic conditioning.

BACKGROUNDManagement of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is focused on preventing secondary brain injury. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is an established treatment modality that has been shown to improve patient outcomes secondary to inflammatory insults. The aim of our study was to assess whether
High SST variability south of Martha's Vineyard: Observation and modeling study

Abstract High, small-scale SST variability (6 °C over 5–10 km) observed South of Martha's Vineyard during the low-wind component of the Coupled Boundary Layers Air–Sea Transfer (CBLAST-Low) oceanographic field program in August 2003 is investigated using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), with atmospheric forcing provided by the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®). 1 The ocean model includes tidal boundary forcing by the eight major tidal constituents, which is superimposed on the non-tidal lateral boundary conditions obtained from the 1/8° global NCOM real-time hindcast. The simulation is conducted with a high-resolution, 200-m grid, with bathymetry from the NGDC 3-arc-second Coastal Relief Model. The COAMPS fields, tidal forcing and NCOM results are evaluated with the CBLAST-Low observations and previous results. Both the simulation and observation analyses reveal that SST variability south of Martha's Vineyard is significant on August 18 and 25 and is strongly related to the cooling events on August 17 to 18 and August 24 to 25. The northeast winds passing through Muskeget Channel generate sharp horizontal SST gradients on August 18 by accelerating the westward transport of cold water from the cold, tidally-mixed Nantucket Shoals and by wind-induced upwelling and surface-cooling-induced vertical mixing. The mechanism of SST change on August 25 is differentiated from the change on August 18 by the northwest winds being unfavorable to the westward transport of cold water. The SST cooling on August 25 is mainly caused by local vertical mixing induced by heat lost.
Uniformity of radial and circumferential orientation ratio of particulate disks

In magnetic recording on hard disks, coated with particulate media, the maietic panicles are oriented circumferentially to provide a higher signal amplitude for the read/write head. The degree of anisotropy is termed the orientation ratio. It is the value of the magnetic remanence measured in the easy axis direction or circumferential direction, divided by the rnaietic remanence measured in the hard axis direction or radial direction. It is preferred that this ratio he uniform from the inner-most recording track of the disk (ID) to the outermost recording track of the disk (01)). Additionally, it is preferred that this ratio be uniform circumlerentially around the disk surface. Magnetic performance in terms of uniform signal modulation is more satisfactory when the orientation ratio is uniform radially and circumlerentially compared to when this ratio varies someway in either or both of these directions. j\ nondestructive optical technique, which allows the radial and circumferential orientation uniformity to be rapidly measured on a disk after coating application and orientation, is described. The methods make use of a Cross Polarizing Microscope. This rapid measuring technique allows parameters to be changed quickly, should the orientation ratio he nonuniform in any way during disk development. This convenient method ensures that disks tested at sinJe disk test do not tini because of particle orientation problems.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
High-frequency, 6.2 Å pN heterojunction diodes

Abstract Sb-based pN heterojunction diodes at 6.2 A, consisting of narrow bandgap p -type In 0.27 Ga 0.73 Sb and wide bandgap n -type In 0.69 Al 0.41 As 0.41 Sb 0.59 , have been fabricated and measured. These diodes show excellent electrical characteristics with an ideality factor of 1.2 and high current density. S -parameter measurements and subsequent analysis show that these diodes have RC -cutoff frequencies over 1 THz, making these diodes excellent choices for high-frequency applications, such as sub-harmonic mixers for frequency conversion.
Gonadotropin and prostaglandins binding sites in nuclei of bovine corpora lutea.

Abstract Highly purified nuclei isolated from bovine corpora lutea showed marked enrichment of NAD pyrophosphorylase, a marker for this organelle. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal markers were undetectable, whereas plasma membrane and Golgi markers were detectable but not enriched in nuclei. These highly purified nuclei exhibited specific binding with 125I-labeled human choriogonadotropin, [3H]prostaglandin E1 and [3H]prostaglandin F2α. However, these bindings were only 15.4% (human choriogonadotropin), 7.9% (prostaglandin E1) and 8.9% (prostaglandin F2α) of the plasma membrane binding observed under the same conditions. Washing of nuclei and plasma membranes twice with buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 resulted in gonadotropin and prostaglandin F2α binding site and 5′-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) losses from nuclei that were different from those observed for plasma membranes. More importantly, the washed nuclei exhibited 44% (human choriogonadotropin), 21–26% (prostaglandins) of original specific binding despite virtual disappearance of 5′-nucleotidase activity. The nuclear membranes isolated from nuclei, specifically bound 125I-labeled human choriogonadotropin and [3H]prostaglandin F2α to the same extent or significantly more ([3H]prostaglandin E1, P
Elastic scattering of deuterons by He-4 between 30 and 40 MeV

Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of deuterons by $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ were measured at laboratory energies of 29.8, 32.3, 34.8, 37.3, and 39.8 MeV. The angular range extended from 15 to 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} cm in steps of about 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The average relative error was 2%, and the uncertainty in the absolute normalization was 2%.
Tumor promotion resistant cells are deficient in AP-1 DNA binding, JunD DNA binding and JunD expression and form different AP-1–DNA complexes than promotion sensitive cells

The JB6 cell culture model is used to identify molecular determinants of susceptibility to the promotion of neoplastic transformation. Clonal variants susceptible to transformation ('P+' cells) form numerous anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar upon treatment with the phorbol ester tumor promoter TPA, whereas resistant variants ('P-' cells) do not. We now report that there is significantly less binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1) to its DNA binding site in P- cells than in P+ cells. Gel supershift assays were performed to detect association of all seven AP-1 family members with their DNA binding site in TPA-treated and -untreated P+ and P- cells. Significantly lower DNA binding and protein expression of JunD were detected in P- cells than in P+ cells. c-Jun was detected in P+, but not P-, AP-1-DNA complexes, and c-Fos was detected in P-, but not P+, AP-1-DNA complexes. These and other phenotype-specific differences in abundance and composition of AP-1-DNA complexes may play a role in the resistance of P- cells to tumor promoter-induced transformation.
Life Stress, Social Support, and Weil-Being Among College-Educated African American Women

Abstract This study examines the relationships between life stress, perceived helpfulness of support sources, and well-being among 73 college-educated African American women. As a group, the women report few “serious problems.” Stress at work, inadequate finances, and health problems in the family are identified as the top three areas of concern. Overall, self-reports of physical, emotional and spiritual health among African American women in this study are “very good.” However, life stress was negatively related to emotional and spiritual health and positively related to depression. Perceived helpfulness of support sources had a positive main effect on self-reports of emotional and spiritual health, and a buffering effect on depression. On average, 4 sources of support were deemed helpful by respondents. African American women, regardless of their relationship status, perceived female friends and female family members to be most helpful. The findings emphasize the importance of supportive social relation...
On slowly time-varying systems

Abstract A characterization of stabilizing controllers for slowly time-varying systems based on input-output descriptions of the plant and the controller is presented. This approach generalizes standard results on slowly time-varying systems with finite dimensional state-space representation, and allows both the plant and the controller to be infinite dimensional. The controller design will be based on frozen-time versions of the plant obtained at equally spaced instances in time.
The crossing number for neural networks

Summary form only given, as follows. The authors show that high-connectivity neural networks are difficult to realize with VLSI chips. Neural networks are modeled by the composition or a family for bipartite graphs that reflect the connectivity found in applications. The number of crossings when they are embedded in the plane (their crossing number) provides a lower bound on the area needed to realize them in VLSI. The authors develop lower bounds to the crossing number of neural network graphs under a few simple assumptions about the way edges are embedded in the plane. A graph that is the subgraph of many neural network graphs is the complete bipartite graph. The authors show that this graph has a crossing number that is at least cubic in the number of input and output vertices. >
Phase-based account of extraction in Indonesian

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the restriction in standard Indonesian that only subjects are allowed to undergo A’-extraction. The specific proposal, grounded in the theory of Multiple Spell-Out, is that the feature bundle inserted in v and spelled out as the active prefix meN- cannot include an EPP feature, thereby preventing objects from moving out of VP in active clauses. This paper further explores the deeper motivation for this restriction and shows that meN- is a historical remnant of an earlier antipassive marker. This allows some seemingly anomalous aspects of Indonesian syntax to be integrated into a broader analysis of ergativity and Austronesian typology.
Postnatal development of striatal dopamine function. II. Effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatments on D1 and D2 receptors, adenylate cyclase activity and presynaptic dopamine function

To evaluate the influence of patch and matrix ingrowth of DA terminals upon striatal DA (dopamine) receptor function, we performed bilateral intrastriatal (i.s.) or single intracisternal (i.c.) injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into rat pups at various postnatal ages and determined D1 and D2 receptor binding, adenylate cyclase activities and markers for presynaptic DA terminal density and turnover as the animals matured. All injection schedules yielded: (a) variable and partial loss of DA, (b) increased DA turnover, (c) small (15–40%) increases in D1 receptor number but no change in affinity for antagonist ([3H]SCH 23390), (d) 2–3-fold increases in affinity of D1 receptors for agonist (SKF 38393) with preserved regulation of agonist affinity by guanine nucleotide, (e) no significant changes in DA-, guanine-nucleotide-, manganese- and forskolin-stimulated AC (adenylate cyclase) activity. D2 receptor binding was evaluated between 1 and 7 weeks of age in animals with i.s. treatment and 7 and 10 weeks of age in animals with i.c. treatment and was reduced by 40–50% with both treatment regimens. [3H]mazindol binding, a marker for presynaptic terminal DA transport sites, was reduced 30–40% by multiple i.s. or i.c. treatment regimens. In animals treated with one i.s. injection, [3H]mazindol binding was reduced 70% at 1 week of age, equal to control by 2 weeks and 14–46% greater than control between 3 and 7 weeks. We conclude that striatal D1 receptor sites maintain their density and second messenger function independently of postsynaptic DA terminal ingrowth, whereas the development of D2 receptor sites is sensitive to disruptions of DA terminal ingrowth.
Evidence that calcium acts as an intracellular messenger for adrenergic responses in human erythrocytes

Abstract Adrenergic stimulation of membrane protein phosphorylation has been studied in human erythrocytes. The adrenergic enhancement in phosphorylation of band 2 could be mimicked by the calcium-specific ionophore A23187 in the presence of 10 μm extracellular calcium. Experiments with the potassium ionophore, valinomycin, showed that potassium efflux was not the primary effector of the response. Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of the Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein, calmodulin, inhibited phosphorylation stimulation by either norepinephrine or the calcium ionophore. The norepinephrine response was observed in the absence of extracellular calcium, implicating Ca2+ released from cellular bound pools in mediating the response.
Crosslinking of an epoxy with a mixed amine as a function of stoichiometry. I. Cure kinetics via dynamic mechanical spectroscopy

Variation of the epoxy/curing agent ratio for a system containing a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and a mixed aromatic amine was found to have a significant effect on the cure kinetics and final dynamic mechanical properties of both the neat resin and glass reinforced epoxy. For a partial B-stage cure to an ultimate C-stage cure, optimum cure temperatures were obtained as a function of stoichiometry. For the ultimately cured (C-stage) resin, the molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) passed through a minimum, and both the glass transition temperature (Tg) and a secondary (sub-Tg) transition passed through a maximum at the stoichiometric ratio. In addition, the activation energy of the ultimately cured resin passed through a maximum at or near the stoichiometric ratio for both the Tg and sub-Tg transitions.
Faceting Behavior of Alumina in the Presence of a Glass

The faceting of alumina interfaces in the presence of a glass affects both grain growth and grain-boundary mobility during liquid-phase sintering. The geometry and movement of facets that form during this sintering process are expected to play an essential role in the development of the final microstructure, in particular, by their influence on the topology of the grain boundaries which ultimately control the properties of Al2O3 compacts. A new method for studying the interaction between Al2O3 and a glass has been developed. A thin sample of Al2O3 suitable for examination in a transmission electron microscope is prepared and examined and then reacted with SiO2 and CaO via the vapor phase. This experimental approach allows the faceting behavior of glass/Al2O3 interfaces to be studied systematically without introducing unnecessary complications during subsequent sample preparation. Faceting occurs almost exclusively on the (0001) and {1102} planes. The interaction between glass and certain structured grain boundaries in alumina has been studied using polycrystalline thin films.
Automatic in vivo microscopy video mining for leukocytes

Biological videos are very different from conventional videos. Automatic spatiotemporal mining of moving cells from in vivo microscopy videos is extremely difficult because of the severe noises, camera/subject movements, deformations, and strong dependencies on microscopy operators. In this paper, we present an automatic spatiotemporal mining system of rolling and adherent leukocytes for intravital videos. The magnitude of leukocyte adhesion and decrease in rolling velocity are common interests in inflammation response studies. Currently, there is no existing system which is perfect for such purposes. Several approaches have been proposed for tracking leukocytes. However, these approaches can either only track leukocytes that roll along the centerline of the blood vessel, or can only handle leukocytes with fixed morphologies. In addition, the camera/subject movement is a severe problem which occurs frequently while analyzing in vivo microscopy videos. In this paper, we proposed a new method for automatic recognition of non-adherent and adherent leukocytes. The proposed method includes three steps: (1) camera/subject movement alignment; (2) moving leukocytes detection; (3) adherent leukocytes detection. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: The Need for a Safe Harbor for Aspirational Corporate Codes of Conduct?

The Federal Organizational Sentencing Guidelines, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws and regulations encouraged U.S. corporations to adopt codes of conduct and compliance programs. Usually these laws and regulations offer corporations lower penalties if they adopted codes of conduct and compliance programs to encourage them to engage in self-policing. These efforts seemed to have failed in the case of Enron. As a result, Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that changed the dynamic by requiring public corporations to disclose if they had a code of conduct and if not, why not. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act assumed that the market would punish corporations that failed to adopt codes of conduct with lower prices for their stock. Many U.S. corporations have adopted corporate codes of conduct because of the incentives built into the Organizational Sentencing Guidelines, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws. Most of the existing codes of conduct, however, merely require businesses to comply with their present legal obligations. U.S. corporations are reluctant to adopt codes of conduct that contain aspirational goals that exceed their legal requirements, because of concerns that the failure to achieve the aspirational goals set forth in these codes of conduct would make the corporations targets for litigation and because the added costs might make them less competitive than businesses that do not adopt such policies and procedures. This article examines the ways in which the law shapes what rules and procedures go into codes of conduct. It suggests a way of creating a safe harbor for codes of conduct that espouse aspirational goals that would overcome or minimize the legal disincentives to adopting aspirational goals in business codes of conduct. Finally, it will analyze why enacting this safe harbor would, on balance, be beneficial to the businesses involved and to society as a whole.
Boron trifluoride activation of ethylene oligomerization and polymerization catalysts

Abstract Addition of BF3·Et2O to {[(C6H5)2PC6H4(μ-CO2)-κ3P,O,O′]Ni(η1-CH2C6H5)}2 gives [(C6H5)2PC6H4C(OBF3)O-κ2P,O]Ni(η3-CH2C6H5) (4). The single crystal structure of 4 is consistent with substantial positive charge at the nickel atom. Addition of ethylene to solutions of 4 in toluene provides ethylene oligomers. The average molecular weight of the products is larger than that of the oligomers obtained using [(C6H5)2PC6H4C(OB(C6F5)3)O-κ2P,O]Ni(η3-CH2C6H5) (1). When 2 equiv. of Et2O·BF3 are added to {(H3C)C[N(2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3)]C(O)[N(2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3)]-κ2N,O}Ni(η1-CH2C6H5)(PMe3) (5) one obtains {(H3C)C[N(2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3)]C[OBF3][N(2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3)]-κ2N,N′}Ni(η3-CH2C6H5) (7). Two isomers of 7 are observed by NMR spectroscopy and are incorporated into the crystal lattice, as shown by X-ray diffraction studies. Polyethylene is obtained upon exposure of a solution of 7 to ethylene. Active species can also be generated in situ by addition of BF3 gas, Et2O·BF3 or tBuMeO·BF3 to 5.
Correlation between coronary artery disease and aortic arch plaque thickness measured by non-invasive B-mode ultrasonography.

Abstract Objective Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used to visualize aortic arch plaques. TEE is moderately invasive. We employed a new non-invasive method for visualization of the aortic arch to assess the correlation of the extent of plaque in the aortic arch as visualized by non-invasive ultrasound with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods The aortic arch was examined with B-mode sonography using a right supraclavicular approach in 517 consecutive patients referred for carotid duplex sonography. CAD was defined as previous myocardial infarction, previous coronary revascularization or typical angina pectoris requiring treatment. Cardiovascular risk factors were documented. Results The aortic arch could be visualized to measure intima–media thickness (IMT) in 97% of the 517 patients. The IMT was a strong predictor for the presence of CAD. Only 14% (37 out of 256) of patients with an IMT of χ 2 , p R =0.97, p Conclusions Aortic arch IMT can be measured in the majority of patients using the right supraclavicular window. The method is non-invasive, allowing sequential examinations applicable to prospective studies of the risk of CAD.