cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Channel Estimation Error on the Throughput of Broadcast Channels

In a broadcast channel in which one transmitter serves n receivers, the capacity region highly depends on the amount of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Assuming that the transmitter knows the SNR of all the receivers, opportunistic strategy maximizes the throughput (sum-rate) of the system. It is usually assumed that CSI is accurate, however, evaluating the SNR is basically an estimation problem in the receiver which cannot be done without error. In this paper, we analyze the effect of the noisy estimation of SNR on the throughput of a broadcast channel. We propose a generalization of the opportunistic transmission in which the transmitter still sends to the user with the highest estimated SNR, but backs off on the transmit rate based on the variance of the estimation error. We obtain the optimum amount of back off and compute the throughput for our scheduling scheme. Clearly, the estimation can be improved by using a longer training phase; however, longer training would deteriorate the throughput. In the final part of the paper, we address this trade off and obtain the optimum training strategy that maximizes the throughput of the system.
Delimiting road-effect zones for threatened species: implications for mitigation fencing

Context. Roads are a pernicious form of habitat loss for many wildlife populations because their effects often extend far beyond the roads themselves, giving rise to reduced wildlife abundance in road-effect zones. Quantifying the extent of road-effect zones more accurately portrays their impact on populations and the true extent to which habitat is lost for many species. Aim. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate ways of determining the extent of road-effect zones for a model study species to better quantify the effect of roads on habitat loss. Methods. We conducted road-side surveys for signs of Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600m from county roads and interstates, two of the most common road types in critical habitat of this threatened species. Using data from these road-side surveys, we estimated the extent of road-effect zones using piecewise regression and modified von Bertalanffy models. Key results. We found reduced abundances of tortoise sign along both county roads and interstates. Reductions extendedfartherfromthelarge,high-trafficinterstatethanfromthesmaller,lower-trafficcountyroads(306mversus230m). The increase in the abundance of tortoise signs with distance from roads approximated a negative exponential curve. Conclusions. Interstate and county roads both contribute to habitat loss in road-side areas by making these habitats unsuitable to desert tortoises, presumably by removing animals via mortality from collisions with vehicles. Larger roads with greater traffic have more extensive effects. Implications. Roadside mitigation fencing has been proposed as one way to reduce mortality of desert tortoises and to reclaim habitat by allowing tortoises to recolonise currently depauperate road-effect zones. Immediate mortality is more likely to be prevented by fencing county roads where tortoises occur closer to roads and are more likely to be struck by vehicles and killed. However, fencing interstate should yield more reclaimed habitat than that obtained from fencing county roads. Managers must consider balancing these goals along with other concerns when deciding where to place roadside fencing.
The Evaluation of the Hypophyseal Factor in the Interpretation of Endometrial Changes

THE introduction of an efficient and practical method of endometrial biopsy2• 11 has focused attention on the interpretation of endometrial morphology in terms of ovarian function. This ovarian function is controlled by the underlying endocrine activity, so that the endometrium furnishes an easily accessible tissue which by careful histologic study becomes a valuable indicator of the general endocrine state. It is hoped that this histologic analysis can be expanded to replace laborious and often inaccurate bio-assays of blood and urine fact()rs• which are now used. Our own interest in this :field has been concerned largely with the condition generally known as ''glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium." This subject has recently been reviewed elsewhere and only those phases of the problem related to this study need be considered.
Pediatric rehabilitation nursing: Education and certification

Pediatric rehabilitation nurses specialize in providing care and services to children and adolescents with disabilities. Although few formal education experiences exist, there are a myriad of opportunities to gain the knowledge, skills, and expertise to provide the care that yields the most benefit to this population. Certification recognizes the nurse's proficiency and excellence in a specialty practice area. Examples of certification options for pediatric rehabilitation nurses include Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN), Registered Nurse Certification in Developmental Disabilities (CDDN), Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), and Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (CPNP).
Effect of age upon guanyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in rats.

SummaryGuanyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase, cyclic 3′,5,′-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP PDE), and cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cGMP PDE) activities in heart, lung, liver, and skeletal muscle of rats 26, 45, 70, and 300 days of age were measured. Decreases in each of these enzyme activities, except for that of cAMP PDE in lung, occurred with aging.3 The most rapid declines in activity occurred within 70 days. The activities of the cyclases decreased more rapidly than those of the phosphodiesterases. Therefore, in our experiments, the rates of synthesis of the cyclic nucleotides declined faster than the rates of degradation with aging. Guanyl cyclase activity had greater decreases in lung homogenate than in other tissues, and adenyl cyclase activity decreased much faster in heart and lung than in liver and skeletal muscle. cGMP PDE and cAMP PDE activities were much greater in lung than in other tissues at all ages. It is not known how or to what extent cyclic nucleoti...
Effect of Polyphosphates on Binding Properties of Chicken Meat

Abstract KLOSE et al. (1963) reviewed much of the previous work on use of polyphosphates in poultry meat products, and particular reference has been given to moisture retention and cooking losses. Klose et al. further noted that polyphosphates imparted more saltiness to the meat and slightly reduced shear values. Since polyphosphates have been shown to improve binding properties of red meats, (Swift and Ellis, 1957) it is conceivable that poultry carcasses which are treated with polyphosphates may produce poultry meat products with improved binding properties. Mountney (1962) reported that polyphosphates did not significantly improve binding properties of a deviled egg product; however, as pointed out by Mountney there is a vast difference in chemical composition between eggs and meat. This project was designed to ascertain the effect of polyphosphates on binding properties of chicken meat products. Data on moisture retention and cooking losses were also obtained. PROCEDURE Fowl from the University…
COM and .NET Interoperability

For easy COM interoperability (COM interop) reference, the following sections present tables of .NET type conversions, variants for .NET types, COM attributes, and Marshal class methods.
Genetic Control of Malaria and Dengue Using Wolbachia

In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing Wolbachia as a tool for controlling both dengue and malaria. We can call it the golden time of Wolbachia technology development because so many important milestones have been reached. These milestones include success in introducing Wolbachia into Aedes dengue vectors and the Anopheles malaria vector, demonstration of the spread of Wolbachia into laboratory and field mosquito populations, the discovery of Wolbachia -mediated pathogen interference in mosquitoes, and accomplishment of regulatory approval for field trials in seven countries, including Australia, the United States, China, and Brazil. We now have a proof of concept at the entomological level for both population replacement and population suppression in the field. This success has led to a number of novel opportunities for taking the next step in this enterprise. Probably the most exciting question is what the impact of these approaches will be on disease transmission.
A Survey of Recent Results on Optimal Recovery

A survey of work in the field of optimal recovery of functions was presented in Micchelli and Rivlin [8] (henceforth referred to as M-R). Our purpose in these three lectures is to reintroduce the notion of optimal recovery and give a selective survey of additional work in that area.
Design of a 64 channel analog receive beamformer for high frequency linear arrays

A new 64 channel analog receive beamformer was developed to support a recently built 30 MHz 256-element linear array with 50 μm pitch. Each channel of the proposed beamformer consisted of a coarse delay and a fine delay circuit block. The delay blocks were implemented using wide bandwidth tapped delay lines. Multiplexers were used to select the output taps of the fine delay and coarse delay. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) devices which stored the delay profile of each channel were used to update the control signals for the multiplexers at each scan line and focal zone switching. Due to the transient effect when turning a switch on or off, glitch noise could be introduced during each focal zone transition. A differential circuit, as well as switch offsetting, was used to suppress such an effect. The design was shown to be capable of providing a total delay of 157 ns with a resolution of 1ns. The rise time of the cascading delay lines was 8.66 ns, which set the −3dB bandwidth to about 40MHz. The test on two channels of the beamformer showed a 20 dB improvement in SNR by the two glitch suppressing methods. Phantoms images shows that the system can achieve lateral resolution of 120 μm, and can resolve anechoic spheres as small as 300 μm in diameter.
93 : Role of cytokines in the natural resistance of baboons to SIV infection

The establishment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections in humans is the consequence of multiple cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm), respectively. While over 40 African nonhuman primate (NHP) species carry their unique strain of SIV, many of which resulted from simian-to-simian transmissions, these natural SIV infections are chronic and productive but not associated with immunodeficiency. Baboons ( Papio hamadryas ssp. ), one of the most widely distributed African NHP species, do not seem to be naturally infected with SIV, even though their home ranges overlap those of many SIV-infected NHP species. Despite some serological evidence for SIV infection in very few wild-living baboons, isolation of a replicating virus from these animals has not been reported. The reasons for this apparent natural resistance to SIV infection are not known. Baboons have been shown to be susceptible to experimental infections with some HIV-1, HIV-2 or SHIVs strains. Further, in our hands, baboon lymphocytes support productive infection with SIVmac and SIVagm, indicating that intracellular antiviral factors like APOBEC3 proteins, Trim-5 α , and Tetherin probably do not contribute to this resistance. Our long-term goal is to identify the factors responsible for natural resistance to SIV infection in baboons. We hypothesized that cytokines and cytotoxic factors from cells from the innate immune system are involved in this natural resistance. As a first step towards testing this hypothesis, we performed in vitro infections with SIV of lymphocytes from baboons and Indian rhesus macaques. We determined kinetics of viral replication, and measured cytokine production and cell activation in order to identify differences between these NHP species. While all the rhesus PBMC preparations supported SIV replication, there were PBMC from some baboons that were refractory to SIV infection; this difference was more pronounced for infections with SIVagm than with SIVmac. We also observed that in vitro stimulation of rhesus cells resulted in higher levels of CD4 T cell activation in comparison to stimulated cells from baboons; however, the concentration of cytokines that compete with SIV for binding to CCR5 (such as RANTES, MIP-1 α , and MIP-1 β ) was higher for stimulated baboon cells than for macaque cells. Taken together, these differences in T cell activation status and cytokine levels could explain the natural immunity of baboons to SIV infection. Further work is underway to identify genes associated with this natural immunity. Identification of these genes ultimately may help inform the development of new therapeutic or preventive approaches to AIDS.
Abstract 2029: Mcph1/Brit1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and tumor formation in a mouse model

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA MCPH1, also known as BRIT1, has recently been identified as a novel key regulatory gene of the DNA damage response pathway. MCPH1 is located on human chromosome 8p23.1, where human cancers frequently show loss of heterozygosity. As such, MCPH1 is aberrantly expressed in many malignancies, including breast and ovarian cancers, and the function of MCPH1 has been implicated in tumor suppression. However, it remains poorly understood whether MCPH1 deficiency leads to tumorigenesis. Here, we generated and studied both Mcph1−/− and Mcph1−/−p53−/− mice; we showed that Mcph1−/− mice developed tumors with long latency, and that primary lymphoma developed significantly earlier in Mcph1−/−p53−/− mice than in Mcph11+/+p53−/− and Mcph1+/−p53−/- mice. The Mcph1−/−p53−/− lymphomas and derived murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were both more sensitive to irradiation. Mcph1 deficiency resulted in remarkably increased chromosome and chromatid breaks in Mcph1−/−p53−/− lymphomas and MEFs, as determined by metaphase spread assay and spectral karyotyping analysis. Additionally, Mcph1 deficiency significantly enhanced aneuploidy as well as abnormal centrosome multiplication in Mcph1−/−p53−/− cells. Meanwhile, Mcph1 deficiency impaired double strand break (DSB) repair in Mcph1−/−p53−/− MEFs as demonstrated by neutral Comet assay. Compared with Mcph1+/+p53−/− MEFs, homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining activities were significantly decreased in Mcph1−/−p53−/− MEFs. Notably, reconstituted MCPH1 rescued the defects of DSB repair and alleviated chromosomal aberrations in Mcph1−/−p53−/- MEFs. Taken together, our data demonstrate MCPH1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and increases cancer susceptibility. Our study using knockout mouse models provides convincing genetic evidence that MCPH1 is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene. Its deficiency leading to defective DNA repair in tumors can be utilized to develop novel targeted cancer therapies in the future. Citation Format: Yulong Liang, Hong Gao, Shiaw-Yih Lin, John A. Goss, Chunying Du, Kaiyi Li. Mcph1/Brit1 deficiency promotes genomic instability and tumor formation in a mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2029. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2029
Manipulating 4D light fields for creative photography

We demonstrate how 4D light field images can be used to create artistic photographic effects. Traditionally, 4D light fields have been used in photography to perform digital image re-focusing, rendering of 3D models, and creating anaglyphs for 3D viewing. By having information about the paths of light within a camera, we can simulate different optical ab-berations to achieve results similar to those of novelty lenses, such as the ones from the LensBaby family. The images can be created realistically, with minimum human intervention in adjusting the parameters for desired types and degrees of effects.
A carbon balance model for the great dismal swamp ecosystem

Carbon storage potential has become an important consideration for land management and planning in the United States. The ability to assess ecosystem carbon balance can help land managers understand the benefits and tradeoffs between different management strategies. This paper demonstrates an application of the Land Use and Carbon Scenario Simulator (LUCAS) model developed for local-scale land management at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. We estimate the net ecosystem carbon balance by considering past ecosystem disturbances resulting from storm damage, fire, and land management actions including hydrologic inundation, vegetation clearing, and replanting. We modeled the annual ecosystem carbon stock and flow rates for the 30-year historic time period of 1985–2015, using age-structured forest growth curves and known data for disturbance events and management activities. The 30-year total net ecosystem production was estimated to be a net sink of 0.97 Tg C. When a hurricane and six historic fire events were considered in the simulation, the Great Dismal Swamp became a net source of 0.89 Tg C. The cumulative above and below-ground carbon loss estimated from the South One and Lateral West fire events totaled 1.70 Tg C, while management activities removed an additional 0.01 Tg C. The carbon loss in below-ground biomass alone totaled 1.38 Tg C, with the balance (0.31 Tg C) coming from above-ground biomass and detritus. Natural disturbances substantially impact net ecosystem carbon balance in the Great Dismal Swamp. Through alternative management actions such as re-wetting, below-ground biomass loss may have been avoided, resulting in the added carbon storage capacity of 1.38 Tg. Based on two model assumptions used to simulate the peat system, (a burn scar totaling 70 cm in depth, and the soil carbon accumulation rate of 0.36 t C/ha−1/year−1 for Atlantic white cedar), the total soil carbon loss from the South One and Lateral West fires would take approximately 1740 years to re-amass. Due to the impractical time horizon this presents for land managers, this particular loss is considered permanent. Going forward, the baseline carbon stock and flow parameters presented here will be used as reference conditions to model future scenarios of land management and disturbance.
The bonding in metal ion systems with multiple ligands

Abstract We consider the nature of the bonding of multiple ligands to both simple metal and transition metal ions. For alkali metal ions such as Na + , the successive ligand binding energies decrease slowly with the number of ligands, and the optimal structure is the one that minimizes ligand-ligand repulsion. For transition metal ions the second ligand binding energy can be larger than the first due to sd σ hybridization and s to d promotion that reduces repulsion along the bond axis. Polarization of the 3 s orbital for Mg + and Al + leads to very different M + L n structures and thus to very different ligand-ligand interactions than observed for Na + or Cu + . This is reflected in changes in the successive ligand binding energies and the entropy of association.
Genome Transfer Prevents Fragmentation and Restores Developmental Potential of Developmentally Compromised Postovulatory Aged Mouse Oocytes

Changes in oocyte quality can have great impact on the developmental potential of early embryos. Here we test whether nuclear genome transfer from a developmentally incompetent to a developmentally competent oocyte can restore developmental potential. Using in vitro oocyte aging as a model system we performed nuclear transfer in mouse oocytes at metaphase II or at the first interphase, and observed that development to the blastocyst stage and to term was as efficient as in control embryos. The increased developmental potential is explained primarily by correction of abnormal cytokinesis at anaphase of meiosis and mitosis, by a reduction in chromosome segregation errors, and by normalization of the localization of chromosome passenger complex components survivin and cyclin B1. These observations demonstrate that developmental decline is primarily due to abnormal function of cytoplasmic factors involved in cytokinesis, while the genome remains developmentally fully competent.
Machine Tool Industry: Beyond Tradition?

Service infusion in the machine tool industry is regarded as a key-competitive factor for the future of this strategic sector and of manufacturing companies that use machine tools for production. This chapter illustrates the findings of a research that was conducted at European level to assess the state of the art of servitization in the machine tool sector and to outline future challenges. Through quantitative research, five clusters of machine tool servitizers were identified, distinguished by the type of service value proposition and the service supply chain configuration. Clusters outlined that, even if the offering of services is very spread in this sector, the servitization process is far from being mature. In fact, the type of offered services are mainly product-related services, many servitizers resulted not to have adapted their supply chain to the service business, and the most advanced service strategies observed in the sample did not lead to additional financial benefits. To allow the in-depth interpretation of these findings, qualitative research aimed at understanding the cultural and managerial approach of clustered servitizers was conducted. A conservative cultural approach was recognized as a strong barrier to servitization. It generally derives from low service competences, but it can also be generated by customers’ unbalanced contractual power, which forces machine builders to enter the service arena without being prepared. Case study research permitted also to identify few companies being a successful example of advanced servitization. By analysing their example, it was clear that a proactive attitude to service innovation and the approach to servitization as a multidisciplinary structured change management project can represent a key-success factor. Managerial implications are presented at the end of the chapter, together with suggestions for future research.
Trading pounds for points: Engagement and weight loss in a mobile health intervention.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe participant engagement and examine predictors of weight loss and points earned through the point-based incentive system of the Social Pounds Off...
Human Breast Phantoms: Test Beds for the Development of Microwave Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies

Over the past two decades, there has been enormous growth in research activity for microwave diagnostic and therapeutic technologies that target the breast. The clinical need for new tools in the breast cancer armamentarium, combined with the promising lowcost, nonionizing nature of microwave technologies, has fueled these investigations. High-fidelity breast phantoms are essential components of computational and experimental test beds for investigating and accurately assessing the performance of new devices, algorithms, and systems related to microwave breast cancer detection and/or treatment.
Rotational Thromboelastometry or Conventional Coagulation Tests in Liver Transplantation: Comparing Blood Loss, Transfusions, and Cost.

Abstract Introduction Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can be associated with significant bleeding requiring multiple blood product transfusions. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a point-of-care device that has been used to monitor coagulation during OLT. Whether it reduces blood loss/transfusions during OLT remains controversial. Materials and Methods We aim to compare ROTEM with conventional coagulation tests (aPTT, PT, INR, platelet count, fibrinogen) to guide transfusion of platelets, cryoprecip-itate, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) during OLT over 3 years. Thirty-four patients who had transfusions guided by ROTEM were compared to 34 controls who received transfusions guided by conventional coagulation tests (CCT). Intraoperative blood loss, type/ amount of blood products transfused, and direct costs were compared between the two groups. Results The ROTEM group had significantly less intra-operative blood loss (2.0 vs. 3.0 L, p = 0.04) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion (4 units vs. 6.5 units, p = 0.015) compared to the CCT group (2.0L vs. 3.0L, p = 0.04). However, total number of patients transfused cryoprecipitate was increased in ROTEM (n = 25;73%) as compared to CCT (n = 19; 56%), p = 0.033. The direct cost of blood products plus testing was reduced in the ROTEM group ($113,142.89 vs. $127,814.77). Conclusion. In conclusion implementation of a ROTEM-guided transfusion algorithm resulted in a reduction in intra-operative blood loss, FFP transfusion and a decrease in direct cost during OLT. ROTEM is a useful and safe point of care device in OLT setting.
Maternal CD8+ T-cell depletion alleviates intrauterine inflammation-induced perinatal brain injury.

We investigated the mechanisms by which CD8+ T-cell trafficking in placenta contributes to perinatal brain injury by studying effects of maternal CD8+ T-cell depletion (DEP) in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI). Maternal CD8+ T cells were depleted with anti-CD8+ antibodies. IUI was induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DEP was confirmed using flow cytometry. Preterm birth rate was evaluated. Offspring neurologic sequelae were assessed by Nissl staining, immune arrays, confirmatory individual TaqMan® gene assays, and neurobehavioral tests. DEP did not significantly prevent LPS-induced preterm birth but improved neurobehavioral performance (P < .001) and increased cortical neuronal density (P < .05) in LPS-exposed pups compared to controls. These changes were associated with decreased CCL3 and CXCL10 and increased CCL5 in DEP LPS-exposed mice. We demonstrate that DEP reduces perinatal brain injury following IUI. This supports a role for maternal CD8+ T-cell trafficking in placenta in mediating perinatal brain injury separate from preterm birth mechanisms.
Signs of Communication in Chimpanzees

Chimpanzees communicate with facial expressions, vocalizations, postures, and gestures. Vocalizations are of many types for both close and distance communication. Identity of individuals and groups is apparent in vocalizations. Vocalizations occur in specific contexts and there is evidence that some carry referential meaning. Gestures occur in a variety of modalities and chimpanzees vary the modality appropriately with the attentional state of the partner. Communities of chimpanzees have specific repertoires of gestures and the same gesture among communities varies in form. In cross-fostering research chimpanzees acquired American Sign Language. One young chimpanzee acquired signs from his mother and other signing chimpanzees. In a remote videotaping procedure the chimpanzees signed to each other using a variety of signs in a variety of contexts. Other studies have examined chimpanzee communication using artificial languages. Chimpanzee communication shows flexibility as partners navigate through interactions and gestures are acquired through social learning.
Genetic and environmental manipulation of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.

For aging studies, the small soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers the potential advantages of a short life span and ease of culture in large numbers, coupled with a reproductive mode (self-fertilizing hermaphroditism) which facilitates mutant isolation and thus might make possible a genetic dissection of the aging process 1,2. To use these advantages productively and in a generalizable way, we decided some time ago, in collaboration with our colleague Lewis A Jacobson, that three additional conditions would have to be met. First, it would have to be established how general C. elegans aging is, i.e. to what extent it exhibits properties observed during aging in other organisms, especially mammals. Second, aging in C. elegans would have to be operationally defined, in a way which would permit it to be measured during manipulations aimed at altering the aging process; our view, in contrast to that of others working on many different systems, was that mere measurement of mortality (survival) statistics was not an adequate operational definition for this purpose. Third, it would have to be established whether useful genetic aging variants could be obtained in C. elegans; useful variants in this sense meant to us variants with only single-gene alterations (so that the basis of the aging effect would have some reasonable prospect of becoming understood) and in which related effects were demonstrable on more than just one of the processes which change with age (so that the genetically affected step would have a reasonable prospect of being central, rather than peripheral, to aging).
Tokamak pump limiter experiments and engineering

The rapid progress in the engineering, theory, and experimental results of pump limiters has led to plans for the application of these devices in new experiments over the next few years. The full toroidal belt ALT-II project, and pump limiters in D-IIID, JT-60, and Tore Supra are in the design and construction phase. Possible experiments on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, the Joint European Torus, and the Advanced Toroidal Facility may be implemented soon. All of these experiments will utilize the demonstrated particle and heat-removal capabilities of pump limiters.
Does socioeconomic feedback matter for water models

Abstract While integrated systems approaches have been recognized as critical for management of the ecology, water resources management models typically ignore a defining feature — feedback mechanisms between socioeconomic and hydrologic variables. They treat essential variables such as population, economic growth, and sometimes even irrigated land, as exogenous drivers. In this paper, a minimalistic “closed-loop” social hydrology model is developed for a southern region in New Mexico and compared to an “open-loop” (partially exogenously driven) model. Results reveal that the integration of the social feedback links into a hydrology system may change the implications of water-related policy analysis. The introduced closed-loop model can serve as a generic structure for any social hydrology system.
Incidentalomas in Spine and Spinal Cord Imaging

Incidentalomas are common in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine. These incidental findings (IFs) can be seen involving the spinal cord, nerve root, vertebral body, posterior arch and the extraspinal region. This review article describes the imaging findings, stratifies the IFs similar to the computed tomography (CT) colonography reporting and data system and briefly mentions the current recommendations for further evaluation and management of IFs. Radiologists are the first to detect these lesions, suggest further evaluation and management of IFs. It is therefore mandatory for them to be aware of recommendations in clinical practice in order to avoid increased patient anxiety, excessive healthcare expenditure and inadvertent therapeutic procedures.
A nutrient limitation mosaic in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean

Abstract The Indian Ocean accounts for about one fifth of global ocean net primary production but remains undersampled relative to other major ocean basins. The eastern tropical Indian Ocean is characterized by extremely low concentrations of both macronutrients and the micronutrient iron. We measured concentrations of dissolved and particulate trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) in the upper ocean along the GO-SHIP IO9N transect (28˚S to 17˚N, mostly along the 95˚E meridian) during a cruise in April 2016. Cellular quotas (metal/C) of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn were measured in small eukaryotic flagellates (2–7 μm). Deckboard bottle incubation experiments were conducted at one station in each of three putative biogeochemical regions: southern Indian Ocean gyre (SIO, 28-10˚S); equatorial Indian Ocean (EqIO, 10˚S - 5˚N); Bay of Bengal (BoB, 5-17˚N). Nitrate and phosphate were below detection limits in surface waters across the transect. Dissolved and particulate Fe were
Investigation of Cost-Optimal Network-on-Chip for Passive and Active Interposer Systems

Interposer-based packaging is becoming a widespread methodology for tightly integrating multiple heterogeneous dies into a single package, with the potential to improve manufacturing yield and build larger-than-reticle-sized systems. However, interposer integration also introduces possible communication bottlenecks and cost overheads that can outweigh these benefits. To avoid these drawbacks, the abundant interposer interconnect can be leveraged as network-on-chip interconnection fabric to provide high-bandwidth, low-latency communication between chiplets and memory stacks. This work investigates this new interposer design space of passive and active interposer technologies, network-on-chip topologies, and clocking schemes to determine the cost-optimal interposer architectures for a range of performance requirements.
Performance of FRP composite lap joints utilizing fiber tow steering

Abstract Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are widely used as structural components in the aerospace, automotive, and marine industries. Composite structures are typically composed of multiple parts which are connected using adhesive joints. The most efficient adhesive joints use tapered adherends where the taper reduces the adherend stiffness over the length of the joint thereby reducing peak shear stresses in the adhesive layer. Typically the tapers are produced through secondary machining or stepped ply terminations. This research investigates an alternative method of reducing the adherend stiffness over the length of the joint through fiber tow steering (FTS). The performance of a double FTS strap joint is compared with a standard double-strap joint as well as double step-taper strap joint. The results show that while the FTS joint showed a 12% increase in capacity in comparison to the standard double-strap joint it showed much lower strength in comparison with the step-taper joint due to the presence of high peel stresses at the ends of the FTS joint. Experimental results in conjunction 1-D shear lag modeling and FE modeling are presented.
Imaging of Anterior and Central Skull Base Tumors: a Review

The aim of this review is to summarize characteristic imaging findings of common skull base lesions. In addition, this study aims to review the literature regarding important and interesting new advancements in imaging of the anterior and central skull base. Imaging techniques including magnetic resonance elastography, indocyanine green fluorescence, Gallium-DOTATATE PET/CT, peptide receptor radionucleotide therapy, and 3D printing are being used to advance the care of patients with skull base pathology. Characteristic CT and MRI findings can be used to narrow the differential diagnosis and plan treatment for anterior and central skull base lesions. New imaging techniques show promise in improving the care of patients with skull base lesions.
An Effective Hamiltonian Study of Molecular Clusters

Earlier we reported an improved1,2 semi-empirical effective Hamiltonian approach for studying molecular clusters. This method was shown to be highly successful in removing the problems encountered3,4 in treating hydrogen-bonded water clusters by conventional semi-empirical Hartree-Fock molecular orbital methods. The objective of the present paper is to present 1) a concise description of the semi-empirical effective Hamiltonian method in a generalized manner, and 2) results for the intermolecular binding energies or stabilization energies of large water clusters which have not been examined thus far.
2013 Cotton Defoliation and Harvest Aid Guide

In Florida, cotton requires about 155 days of growth from planting to harvest. Throughout the growing season, growers must make important management decisions about defoliation, boll opening, and regrowth suppression. These factors can affect the quality and storage time if the crop is put into modules. The greatest losses in quality are caused by stain from poorly defoliated plants or regrowth and moisture from green tissue. This 8-page fact sheet was written by R.G. Leon, D. L. Wright and B. J. Brecke, and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, October 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag188
Event-related potential P300 in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette syndrome

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and Tourette syndrome(TS) are common psychoneurological disorders both in childhood and puberty pubertas which have an effect on the development of psychological and behavior, result in study and adaptive capacity decline, cognize damage.In recent years, many researches shows event-related potential P300 has significance for evaluating of cognize in children.This paper summarizes the research of event-related potential P300 in the children with ADHD and TS to compare the differences and discuss the possible mechanism. Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Tourette syndrome; Event-related potential P300
Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions and Bipolar Filamentary Switching in Resistive Random-Access Memory

Despite extensive research, the technology of resistive random-access memory (RRAM) continues to be held back by insufficient understanding of the underlying physics. Using electrostatic and physical-kinetic approaches that are independent of microscopic structural details, the authors make two key observations that lead to a phenomenological theory of RRAM operation. This insight provides closed-form solutions for steady and transient states in terms of material parameters, which should have a significant impact on RRAM engineering.
Distance Learning Companion Robot: Introducing Nonverbal Communication in the Digital Classroom

Distance learning lacks many crucial communication tools that support learning in physical classrooms. The Distance Learning Companion Robot expresses the climate of digital classrooms using nonverbal modalities. The system allows students to express their confidence in curricular material, enables instructors to better understand student needs, and supports the virtual classroom community.
Bovine Torovirus and Other Enteric Microorganisins in Feces from Clinical Cases of Gastroenteritis in Cattle

Bovine Torovirus (BoTV or bredavirus) is an uncultivable, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that causes diarrhea in calves. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of BoTV in bovine fecal samples from clinical cases of gastroenteritis sent to the Ohio Department of Agriculture, Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL), and its rate of detection with other enteric pathogens.
MRI Evaluation of Rectal Carcinoma

MR imaging plays a key role in the initial staging of rectal cancer as well as in the assessment of tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The excellent spatial and temporal resolution of MRI helps to evaluate the various key structures such as the mesorectal fascia, peritoneal reflection, and pelvic viscera that may be involved by the tumor. Although MRI is limited in nodal assessment, certain morphological characteristics on T1- and T2-weighted images may be useful for predicting nodal involvement. Diffusion weighted imaging is a useful functional imaging technique and may be helpful in evaluating tumor response following chemoradiotherapy.
Beam studies in the LBL MBE-4 device

The multiple-beam accelerator MBE-4 is a device for research toward a heavy ion driver for inertial confinement fusion based on the induction linac concept. Its main goal is proof of the principle of current amplification by acceleration and controlled self-similar beam pulse compression. Into the 16-m long electrostatic alternate-gradient focusing lattice four beams are injected. Each carries an initial current of 10 mA of Cs/sup +/ ions from a Marx-driven diode at 200 keV. The current amplification is up to ninefold, with a final beam energy in excess of 800 keV in the middle of the current pulse. Available diagnostics include transverse double-slit emittance and position measuring devices; current-sensing Faraday cups; and electrostatic energy analysis. Diagnostic access is possible along the entire device at a number of stations and is fully computer controlled. The longitudinal and transverse properties of the 10-mA beams with and without acceleration are being studied. The diagnosis of the transport of a 100- mu A pencil beam, 1.5 mm in diameter, through an accelerating channel of a 5.7-cm diameter has begun. This beam has been used to determine the zero-current phase advance for various beam and machine parameters and to address some mechanical alignment issues as well. >
Intrathecal injection of TRPV1 shRNA leads to increases in blood pressure in rats

Aim The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels have been implicated to play a role in blood pressure regulation. However, contribution of tissue specific TRPV1 to blood pressure regulation is largely unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that TRPV1 expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments (T8-L3) of the spinal cord and their central and peripheral terminals constitutes a counter regulatory mechanism preventing the increases in blood pressure.
Presynapsis and synapsis of DNA promoted by the STP alpha and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract We previously purified an activity from meiotic cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that promotes the transfer of a strand from a duplex linear DNA molecule to complementary circular single-stranded DNA, naming it Strand Transfer Protein alpha (STP alpha) (Sugino, A., Nitiss, J., and Resnick, M. A. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 3683-3687). This activity requires no nucleotide cofactor but is stimulated more than 10-fold by the addition of yeast single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (ySSBs). In this paper, we describe the aggregation and strand transfer of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA promoted by STP alpha and ySSB. There is a good correlation between the aggregation induced by various DNA-binding proteins (ySSBs, DBPs and histone proteins) and the stimulation of STP alpha-mediated DNA strand transfer. This implies that the stimulation by ySSBs and other binding proteins is probably due to the condensation of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA substrates into coaggregates. Within these coaggregates there is a higher probability of pairing between homologous double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, favoring the initiation of strand transfer. The aggregation reaction is rapid and precedes any reactions related to DNA strand transfer. We propose that condensation into coaggregates is a presynaptic step in DNA strand transfer promoted by STP alpha and that pairing between homologous double- and single-stranded DNA (synapsis) occurs in these coaggregates. Synapsis promoted by STP alpha and ySSBs also occurs between covalently closed double-stranded DNA and single-stranded linear DNA as well as linear double-stranded and linear single-stranded DNAs in the absence of any nucleotide cofactors.
No Valid Evidence Exists for Interstellar Proteins, Bacteria, etc.

The claims for large biological molecules and for prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the interstellar medium are summarized. These claims are compared with new UV laboratory spectra of numerous specimens. The results are incompatible with these claims.
Quasi-planar nucleus structure in apoferritin crystallization

First-order phase transitions of matter, such as condensation and crystallization, proceed through the formation and subsequent growth of 'critical nuclei' of the new phase. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the formation of these critical nuclei depend on their structure, which is often assumed to be a compact, three-dimensional arrangement of the constituent molecules or atoms. Recent molecular dynamics simulations have predicted compact nucleus structures for matter made up of building blocks with a spherical interaction field, whereas strongly anisotropic, dipolar molecules may form nuclei consisting of single chains of molecules. Here we show, using direct atomic force microscopy observations, that the near-critical-size clusters formed during the crystallization of apoferritin, a quasi-spherical protein, and which are representative of the critical nucleus of this system, consist of planar arrays of one or two monomolecular layers that contain 5-10 rods of up to 7 molecules each. We find that these clusters contain between 20 and 50 molecules each, and that the arrangement of the constituent molecules is identical to that found in apoferritin crystals. We anticipate that similarly unexpected critical nucleus structures may be quite common, particularly with anisotropic molecules, suggesting that advanced nucleation theories should treat the critical nucleus structure as a variable.
The “Full Müntz Theorem” Revisited

We give an elementary proof of the “convergent sum part” of the full Muntz Theorem in Lp(A) and in C(A), together with the “Clarkson--Erdos–Schwartz phenomenon” for all p ∈ (0,∞), and for all compact A ⊂ [0,∞) with positive lower density at 0. This extends earlier results of Muntz, Szasz, Clarkson and Erdos, L. Schwartz, P. Borwein and Erdelyi, and Operstein, and offers an arguably shorter and more elementary approach to reprove a large part of the result W. B. Johnson achieved with the author. This approach does not require the usage of Bastero’s extension of the Krivine–Maurey stable theory. It requires only a standard undergraduate level familiarity with real and complex analysis.
Role of the family in the onset and outcome of childhood disorders: selected research findings.

ABSTRACT Objective Three areas of basic family research were selected for review as being of special importance to the clinically oriented child and adolescent psychiatrist: behavioral genetics, expressed emotion, and the interaction of family dynamics and childhood illness. Method Medline and PSYCINFO searches using appropriate keywords were obtained for each of the 3 major areas. All English-language articles published after 1989 that included empirical research pertaining to children or adolescents were reviewed. Results Behavioral genetics research indicates that the shared environment, including issues of parental monitoring and discipline, is important in the development and outcome of externalizing disorders. Differential parental treatments of one sibling are critical in internalizing disorders. Criticism (as measured by expressed emotion) is associated with poor outcome of many childhood medical and psychiatric disorders. Chronic illness in a child changes the family dynamics toward being more structured and less emotionally warm and communicative. The family's role in adherence to treatment is critical, and families with high levels of criticism have more difficulty. Conclusions Families can cause problems, but many times the problems families have are in response to a child's problems. There is a continued need to empirically assess which family processes are important for specific childhood disorders.
Couples sharing stories

Some ways in which shared stories are begun and told are described using conversation analysis. Tellings shared by two persons who participated together in the events to be narrated display how coparticipants encounter and resolve the problems of having two potential tellers, and a “knowing” recipient present. The stories examined are begun with a three‐part series of turns: a “remote” approach, a forwarding, and a ratification of the forwarding. The body of the telling includes techniques which involve the knowing recipient in the telling without necessarily challenging the current teller's role as teller. Implications are drawn for the study of how pairs of persons “do” their relationship in public.