cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Health Monitoring and Diagnostics for Gas Turbine Engines

Integrated life, vibration and performance monitoring/diagnostics capable of detecting and classifying developing engine faults is critical to reducing engine operating and maintenance costs while optimizing the life of “hot section” engine components (Troudet and Merrill, 1990). Advanced fault pattern recognition and classification techniques utilizing complex finite-element and empirical models of structural and performance related engine areas can now be accessed in a real-time monitoring environment (Dietz et al., 1989). Integration and implementation of these proven technologies presents a great opportunity to significantly enhance current engine health diagnostic capabilities and safely extend engine component life (Ali and Crawford, 1988).Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Instruction based memory distance analysis and its application to optimization

Feedback-directed optimization has become an increasingly important tool in designing and building optimizing compilers as it provides a means to analyze complex program behavior that is not possible using traditional static analysis. Feedback-directed optimization offers the compiler opportunities to analyze and optimize the memory behavior of programs even when traditional array-based analysis is not applicable. As a result, both floating point and integer programs can benefit from memory hierarchy optimization. In this paper, we examine the notion of memory distance as it is applied to the instruction space of a program and to feedback-directed optimization. Memory distance is defined as a dynamic quantifiable distance in terms of memory references between two accesses to the same memory location. We use memory distance to predict the miss rates of instructions in a program. Using the miss rates, we then identify the program's critical instructions - the set of high miss instructions whose cumulative misses account for 95% of the L2 cache misses in the program - in both integer and floating-point programs. Our experiments show that memory-distance analysis can effectively identify critical instructions in both integer and floating-point programs. Additionally, we apply memory-distance analysis to memory disambiguation in out-of-order issue processors using those distances to determine when a load may be speculated ahead of a preceding store. Our experiments show that memory-distance-based disambiguation on average achieves within 5-10% of the performance gain of the store set technique which requires a hardware table.
The Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of Nonspherical Particles

Enveloped viruses and nanosized biomimetic particles for drug and gene delivery enter target cells mainly through receptor-mediated endocytosis. A few models have been presented to elucidate the mechanics of particle engulfment by the cell membrane, showing how size and surface chemico-physical properties favor or oppose internalization. In this work, the effect of particle nonsphericity is addressed considering elliptical cylindrical particles with aspect ratio Γ. Using a continuum energetic approach, three different conditions have been identified: for sufficiently small Γ, the particle is not even wrapped by the cell membrane; for sufficiently large Γ, the particle is partially wrapped (“frustrated endocytosis”); and for intermediate values of Γ, the particle is fully wrapped and eventually internalized. Given the pleomorphism of viruses and the broad spectrum of shapes for nanosized biomimetic particles, the results presented may be of interest to virologists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and nanotechnologists.
Reconciliation and the Church: A Response to Bruce Morrill

In conversation with Bruce Morrill’s article, the author explores how the fundamental ecclesiologies of Monika Hellwig and John Paul II influence their theologies of the sacrament of penance. John ...
NMR evidence for specific intercalation of .DELTA.-rh(phen)2.phi.3+ in [d(GTCGAC)2]

The anchoring of metal complexes in the major groove of DNA through intercalation has been increasingly useful in the shape-selective design of novel metal complexes which bind DNA with high sequence-selectivity. Toward that goal, direct structural information regarding this intercalative interaction is essential. Phenanthrenequinone diimine (phi) complexes of Rh(III) bind avidly (K_b 1 ≥ 10^7) to DNA by intercalation in the major groove. Here we report the first ^1H-NMR studies of Δ-rh(phen)_2phi^(3+) bound to an oligonucleotide. These studies provide direct structural evidence for specific intercalation by this octahedral complex in the major groove of DNA.
High specific infectivity avian RNA tumor viruses.

Abstract Conditions for obtaining avian RNA tumor viruses of high specific infectivity were investigated. The following results were obtained: 1. (1) Pr-C-RSV showed highest specific infectivity when harvested from virus-producing chick embryo fibroblasts at 20-min intervals. Such virus was 5 times more infectious than virus harvested at 30-sec intervals, and 10 times more infectious than virus harvested at 24-hr intervals. Other cloned nondefective RNA tumor viruses showed similar patterns. 2. (2) Prompt chilling of virus collected at frequent intervals was essential because otherwise it was heat-inactivated rapidly. Virus harvested at 24-hr intervals was heat-inactivated much more slowly. However, this difference was not due to differences in the virus particles, but to differences in media that had been in contact with cells for short or long periods of time, respectively.
Thermal Fluctuations in Superconducting Weak Links

The current-voltage characteristics of superconducting weak links are measured near their transition temperature. The effect of thermal fluctuations on these characteristics is found to be in excellent agreement with a calculation of Ambegaokar and Halperin.
Fused Paramagnetic Salts

ABOUT a year ago I reported measurements on a class of ‘polynuclear’ organic salts of iron and chromium which obeyed the law Xa(T-θ)=C with very large negative values of θ of the order -600 for the iron salts and -100 for those of chromium (Phil. Mag., 6, 481; 1928; and Phys. Rev., 32, 320; 1928). The suggestion was made that negative θ was a measure of a certain control by or coupling with neighbouring organic groups which opposed the orientation of the metallic ions considered as the elementary magnets. For these particular salts the control was imagined to be due to the electric dipole character of the organic groups.
BRIDGING SCIENCE AND RELIGION: “THE MORE” AND “THE LESS” IN WILLIAM JAMES AND OWEN FLANAGAN

. There is a kinship between Owen Flanagan's The Really Hard Problem and William James's The Varieties of Religious Experience that not only can help us to understand Flanagan's book but also can help scholars, particularly scholars of religion, to be attentive to an important development in the realm of the “spiritual but not religious.” Specifically, Flanagan's book continues a tradition in philosophy, exemplified by James, that addresses questions of religious or spiritual meaning in terms accessible to a broad audience outside the context of organized religions. Both James and Flanagan are concerned to refute the popular perception that the sciences of the mind pose a threat to meaning and particularly to meaningful processes of human growth and transformation. Where James used the subconscious to bridge between science and religion and persuade his readers of the reality of the More, Flanagan uses a scientifically grounded understanding of transcendence to enchant his readers into believing in Less. Although I think that Flanagan's attempt to link the psychological and sociocultural levels of analysis via the concept of transcendence is scientifically premature, his attempt at a naturalistic spirituality raises questions of definition that scholars of religion need to take seriously.
Intelligent tutoring system framework for operator training for diagnostic problem solving

Abstract Diagnostic problem solving forms a major part of the operator's activity in complex chemical processes. It cannot be overemphasized that training operators on fault diagnosis and developing appropriate corrective strategies will help minimize process upsets, and thereby improve the reliability and safety of the plant. An intelligent operator training framework has been proposed and implemented to improve training effectiveness for diagnostic problem solving. A dynamic simulator coupled with an intelligent computer-based tutor constitutes the intelligent training system (ITS). It helps operators to organize system knowledge and operational information including symptom-cause relationship, and may enhance their performance. Our learning environment is composed of an interactive, real-time simulation of a chemical process plant, a computer model of expert operators, components that allow for automatic evaluation and coaching of the trainees in order to improve their diagnostic skills, and graphical user interfaces. To make our intelligent training system more effective, the process-related information/explanations including digraph-based symptom-cause relation are supplied through intelligent hypermedia interface. This system can also be used as an on-line assistant of process operators and for the training of remedial actions, and they are part of further enhancements being planned.
Random-Effects Models for Analyzing Clustered Data From a Nutrition Education Intervention

When evaluating the effects of public health intervention, larger units, or clusters, of individuals are often the unit of randomization and implementation. Ignoring dependency in the data due to clustering can misrepresent intervention effects. Random-effects models (REMs) may be a useful way to analyze such data. The present study compares results of analyses of data from a nutrition intervention program using four different methods: (a) usual multiple regression analysis using individual subject data, (b) usual multiple regression analysis using the classroom cluster as the unit of analysis, (c) two-level REM model with subjects clustered within classrooms, and (d) two-level REM model with subjects clustered within sites.
Desarguesian nets without ovals

Let @P be the Desarguesian affine plane coordinatized by a division ring D with charD 2. For n=6 and also for n=7, we prove that @P holds an n-net without an oval if and only if |D|>=9.
RECENT TRENDS IN INSTITUTIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY

Interest in developing institutional explanations of political and economic behavior has blossomed among social scientists since the early 1980s. Three intellectual perspectives are now prevalent: rational choice theory, historical institutionalism and a new school of organizational analysis. This paper summarizes, compares and contrasts these views and suggests ways in which cross‐fertilization may be achieved. Particular attention is paid to how the insights of organizational analysis and historical institutionalism can be blended to provide fruitful avenues of research and theorizing, especially with regard to the production, adoption, and mobilization of ideas by decision makers.
Pulsed laser photodissociation of chromium hexacarbonyl at 308 nm: simultaneous monitoring of optical and acoustic emissions

Abstract A novel, yet simple, acoustic technique was applied to measure the molar number of fragments formed in the XeCl laser-induced gas-phase photodissociation of Cr(CO) 6 . The bluish-green Cr emission was also monitored and correlated with the acoustic signal. At 0.16 Torr of hexacarbonyl and for fluences below ≈ 25 mJ/cm 2 , the optical signal varied as the cube of the laser fluence, in agreement with the model that highly excited Cr atoms were produced by three-photon processes. The acoustic signal y (mV) varied with fluence F (mJ/cm 2 ) as y = 1.77 F + 0.15 F 2 , consistent with the model that most fragments were formed via two sequential single-photon processes. Both optical and acoustic signals showed onset of saturation at ≈ 25 mJ/cm 2 , suggesting that single-photon photolysis was the primary Cr(CO) 6 depletion process. Quite expectedly, with a constant fluence of ≈ 20 mJ/cm 2 and varying hexacarbonyl pressure, the optical and acoustic signals were linearly correlated.
Immune thrombocytopenia: A rare presenting manifestation of tuberculosis

We report the case of a 49 year-old male who presented with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)-induced epistaxis and generalized purpura. During the same hospitalization the patient was also found to have clinical, microbiological, histological, and roentgenographic evidence of disseminated mycobacterial tuberculosis (TB). The hematological and infectious abnormalities, which did not respond to high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and immune globulin (IVIg), resolved after anti-tuberculous treatment. Herein we review the characteristics of this rarely documented association. Am. J. Hematol. 67:139–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conformational Diversity in NAD(H) and Interacting Transhydrogenase Nicotinamide Nucleotide Binding Domains

Transhydrogenase (TH) couples direct and stereospecific hydride transfer between NAD(H) and NADP(H), bound within soluble domains I and III, respectively, to proton translocation across membrane bound domain II. The cocrystal structure of Rhodospirillum rubrum TH domains I and III has been determined in the presence of limiting NADH, under conditions in which the subunits reach equilibrium during crystallization. The crystals contain three heterotrimeric complexes, dI(2)dIII, in the asymmetric unit. Multiple conformations of loops and side-chains, and NAD(H) cofactors, are observed in domain I pertaining to substrate/product exchange, and highlighting electrostatic interactions during the hydride transfer. Two interacting NAD(H)-NADPH pairs are observed where alternate conformations of the NAD(H) phosphodiester and conserved arginine side-chains are correlated. In addition, the stereochemistry of one NAD(H)-NADPH pair approaches that expected for nicotinamide hydride transfer reactions. The cocrystal structure exhibits non-crystallographic symmetry that implies another orientation for domain III, which could occur in dimeric TH. Superposition of the "closed" form of domain III (PDB 1PNO, chain A) onto the dI(2)dIII complex reveals a severe steric conflict of highly conserved loops in domains I and III. This overlap, and the overlap with a 2-fold related domain III, suggests that motions of loop D within domain III and of the entire domain are correlated during turnover. The results support the concept that proton pumping in TH is driven by the difference in binding affinity for oxidized and reduced nicotinamide cofactors, and in the absence of a difference in redox potential, must occur through conformational effects.
Laser-based measurements of OH in high pressure CH4/air flames

Narrow-linewidth laser absorption measurements are reported from which mole fraction and temperature of OH are determined in high-pressure (1-10 atm), lean CH4/air flames. These measurements were made in a new high pressure combustion facility which incorporates a traversable flat flame burner, providing spatially and temporally uniform combustion gases at pressures up to 10 am. A commercially avialable CW ring dye laser was used with an intracavity doubling crystal to provide near-UV single mode output at approximately 306 nm. The UV beam was rapidly scanned over 120 GHz (0.1 sec scan duration) to resolve the absorption lineshape of the A-X (0,0) R1(7)/R1(11) doublet of the OH radical. From the doublet's absorption lineshape, the temperature was determined; and from peak absorption, Beer's Law was employed to find the mole fraction of OH. These data were obtained as a function of height above the flame at various pressures.
Facilitating exploratory search by model-based navigational cues

We present an extension of a computational cognitive model of social tagging and exploratory search called the semantic imitation model. The model assumes a probabilistic representation of semantics for both internal and external knowledge, and utilizes social tags as navigational cues during exploratory search. We used the model to generate a measure of information scent that controls exploratory search behavior, and simulated the effects of multiple presentations of navigational cues on both simple information retrieval and exploratory search performance based on a previous model called SNIF-ACT. We found that search performance can be significantly improved by these model-based presentations of navigational cues for both experts and novices. The result suggested that exploratory search performance depends critically on the match between internal knowledge (domain expertise) and external knowledge structures (folksonomies). Results have significant implications on how social information systems should be designed to facilitate knowledge exchange among users with different background knowledge.
Complex polarization ratio to determine polarization properties of anisotropic tissue using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Complex polarization ratio (CPR) in materials with birefringence and biattenuance is shown as a logarithmic spiral in the complex plane. A multi-state Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm using the CPR trajectory collected by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was developed to determine polarization properties of an anisotropic scattering medium. The Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm using the CPR trajectory is verified using simulated PS-OCT data with speckle noise. Birefringence and biattenuance of a birefringent film, ex-vivo rodent tail tendon and in-vivo primate retinal nerve fiber layer were determined using measured CPR trajectories and the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm.
Ultrastructure of the tegumental microvilli (microtriches) of Hymenolepis diminuta

The ultrastructure of microtriches of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, was examined with a number of electron-microscopic techniques. Fixatives containing different buffers, non-ionic detergents, chelators, tannic acid and various concentrations of aldehydes were tested for ability to stabilize cytoskeletal components while extracting background material. These methods revealed features unique to these specialized microvilli, and permitted construction of a detailed model of microthrix architecture. The microtriches of H. diminuta are comprised of a microfilament-containing base, a dense cap and a complex junctional region between the base and cap. The microfilaments of the base are contiguous distally with a tubular structure (the junctional tubule) within the junctional region; proximally, the microfilaments end abruptly: a terminal web appears to be absent. A beveled bilayered cylinder of dense material (the core tunic) encircles the microfilamentous core. The core tunics and junctional tubules of the microtriches are specifically and uniformly aligned along the strobila. Microtriches therefore can be distinguished from other microvilli (e.g., those of enterocyte brush borders) by their complex ultrastructure and precise orientation upon the cytoplasmic surface.
Extracellular current measurements with a vibrating probe

Abstract Steady extracellular currents as small as 0.1 microamperes/cm 2 can be mapped and measured with a vibrating probe system. This sensitivity is at least three orders of magnitude greater than is attainable with static, non-vibrating electrodes. Application of the vibrating probe reveals patterns of steady current with peak densities of about 1 to 100 (or even 1000) microamperes/cm 2 flowing through a wide variety of growing and developing systems. The evidence suggests that these currents help organize development.
Diabetic dyslipidemia and exercise alter the plasma low‐density lipoproteome in Yucatan pigs

Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a predominant role in atherogenesis, the low-density lipoproteome has not been fully characterized. Moreover, alterations from a Western diet, diabetes, and physical inactivity on this proteome have yet to be determined. Accordingly, relative quantification was determined in LDL proteins from male Yucatan diabetic dyslipidemic (DD) swine in the early stages of atherosclerosis compared to healthy control (C) and non-diabetic hyperlipidemic (H) swine. Importantly, coronary vascular dysfunction was prevented by aerobic exercise training in these animals (DDX) without altering total LDL concentration. Using 2-DE, Western blot, label-free quantitative MS, and selected reaction monitoring, alterations in the abundance of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-III, D, E, and J and noncovalently associated proteins were determined in LDL isolated using fast protein liquid chromatography. At least 28 unique proteins, many of which were novel, were identified with high confidence. An apolipoprotein E isoform demonstrated stronger correlation to disease (percent of coronary artery segments with intimal thickening) than some traditional risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL cholesterol). Taken together, this work identifies new possible biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis, and generates new hypotheses regarding the role of LDL in atherogenesis.
RBE of spleen CFU-S to low dose rate Cf-252 or photon radiation in vivo

The biological effects of low dose rate (LDR) Cf-252 radiation were compared to LDR Cs-137 photon radiation and acute 60Co radiation. The RBEn for endogenous CFU-S in vivo was 2.1 for neutron radiation at a dose rate of 9.9 cGy/hr of Cf-252 radiation. The value was consistent with previous in vitro experiments where a value of 2.1 was found. For the low doses and low dose rates studied, we tested an acute assay dose following the LDR irradiation to determine dose-effect and RBEn. Organ size shrinkage and regeneration patterns after LDR Cf-252 and Cs-137 were also studied and showed greater growth delay for Cf-252 irradiated lympho-hemopoietic tissues.
Comparison of Late Results of Balloon Valvotomy in Mitral Stenosis With Versus Without Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract Balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) is safe and effective in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and coexisting mild mitral regurgitation (MR). Influence of preexisting MR on late outcome of BMV is under evaluation. We included 77 patients without MR and 72 with MR in this study, and compared their immediate and late results in a mean follow-up of 33 ± 24 months after BMV. Patients with coexisting MR were older and more frequently had significant valvular calcium and atrial fibrillation than patients without MR. After BMV, mitral valve gradient decreased, and cardiac output and mitral valve area by planimetry increased significantly (all p = 0.0001) in both groups. There was no difference in values of mitral valve gradient and cardiac output after BMV between the groups. Mitral valve area was significantly smaller in patients with preexisting MR. During follow-up, there were 11 patients (14%) in the group without MR and 24 (33%) in the group with MR developed cardiac events (p = 0.006). Cumulative event-free survival was 90% at the second year, 87% at the fourth year, and 69% at the sixth year, respectively, in the group without MR versus 78%, 62%, and 37%, respectively, in the group with MR (p = 0.0014). Cox regression showed that preexisting MR was a significant predictor for late cardiac events with a threefold increased hazard risk (p = 0.0025), but age, valvular calcium, echocardiographic score, and cardiac rhythm also played a culpable role. We conclude that preexisting MR is an important risk factor for poor, late outcome of BMV.
“Business 101” in public relations education: An exploratory survey of senior communication executives

Abstract This study, based on a national survey of senior communication executives (specifically Arthur W. Page Society members), assesses the role of “Business 101” knowledge in public relations education. The results of the survey suggest that senior communication executives place high importance on business acumen; that such competencies help professionals attain higher compensation; and that executives believe public relations educators should place a greater focus on “Business 101” in curricula. Recommendations for teaching and future research are provided.
Novel Association of Elastofibroma with Aortic Stenosis: Report of a Case Report Interfering with a Thoracotomy Procedure and a Reassessment of Typical Patient Demographics and Tumor Location

®lastofibromas are benign connective tissue tumors occur ring in elderly patients and usually found in isolation. We report for the first time a case of multiple elastofibromas discovered during thoracotomy in a patient with prior aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. We discuss a novel association between aortic stenosis and elastofibroma and stipulate on possible etiology. In light of the well-known association of aortic valve insufficiency and a deficiency in structural proteins, the opposite problem of excess structural proteins may be pathogenic in the formation of both aortic valve stenosis and elastofibromas. This previously unrecognized association may influence the clinical management and diagnostic workup in patients manifesting with elastofibroma. Elastofibromas are rare, noncapsulated, slow-growing connective tissue tumors first described by Jarvi and Saxen in 1961, 1 generally benign, but may coexist with sarcomas, found more commonly in middle-aged women, most commonly located in the right infrascapular region, usually asymptomatic, or present with shoulder stiffness, pain, or swelling; generally unilateral although may be bilateral and multiple (Table 1). Small or asymptomatic elastofibromas may be easily overlooked, and on presentation, although most patients feature a several-centimeter-large tumor that does not adhere to the overlying skin and may be deep to chest wall musculature. Elastofibroma is diagnosed clinically with computed tomography (CT) or nuclear magnetic resonance. Immunohistochemically, they express vimentin and produce elastin fibers in characteristic fern-like structures. Because sarcomas may occur in the subscapular site, any suspicious looking lesion on imaging should be confirmed with biopsy to determine extent of chest wall resection necessary. No report exists where elastofibroma, which may have been found accidently during thoracotomy, 2 was associated with aortic stenosis (AS) as in our case. We stipulate on possible common etiology and heightened clinical awareness for associated lesions if elastofibroma is detected.
Effect of Medium Components and Cultural Conditions on the Production of Polysaccharide by Porodisculus pendulus and Mycelium Growth

The effect of medium components and cultural conditions was studied on the production of polysaccharide (pendulan) and growth of mycelia in Porodisculus pendulus JTS–3009. Glucose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, mannitol and various starches were found to be suitable carbon sources. Pendulan was produced and mycelia grew well on ammonium-N, nitrate-N and organic nitrogen. The optimal concentration of nitrogen was 0.03% for production of pendulan and 0.04% for growth of mycelia. The addition of suitable amounts of yeast extract aided pendulan production and mycelium growth. The optimal temperature for pendulan production was about 29°C and for mycelium growth, 25˜30°C. The optimal pH for pendulan production was 6˜8 and for mycelium growth, 5˜6.5. The seed culture was stable after storage at 5°C or at −20°C with the addition of 20˜30% (v/v) glycerin. The maximum yield of pendulan and mycelia was obtained at 90˜120 hr of fermentation.
The Social Bases and Discursive Context of the Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism: The Cases of Iran and Syria

This article focuses on the socioeconomic and political context of the 1950s and 1960s to explain the rise of fundamentalism in Iran and Syria. I argue that Islamic fundamentalism in these countries gained support from certain traditional property-owning classes who were antagonized by the state economic policies and bureaucratic expansion and by the state's effective suppression of the ideological and political pluralism of the earlier period. The state's repressive policies channeled oppositional politics through the medium of religion. I further argue that the more immediate determinant of Islamic fundamentalism was the state's ideology and its intervention in culture production. The state shaped the identity of the opposition and structured the kind of argument the opposition formulated against it. On the basis of the empirical cases of Iran and Syria, I argue that conceptualizing ideology as a discourse resolves some of the difficulties involved in the subjective/psychological conception of ideology in the analysis, assessment, and understanding of the way ideology is produced and its role in social process, particularly when only historical materials are available. I also argue for treating ideology as an autonomous category with a dynamic of its own. Finally, I suggest a model of ideological production.
Fault resilience of the algebraic multi-grid solver

As HPC system sizes grow to millions of cores and chip feature sizes continue to decrease, HPC applications become increasingly exposed to transient hardware faults. These faults can cause aborts and performance degradation. Most importantly, they can corrupt results. Thus, we must evaluate the fault vulnerability of key HPC algorithms to develop cost-effective techniques to improve application resilience.We present an approach that analyzes the vulnerability of applications to faults, systematically reduces it by protecting the most vulnerable components and predicts application vulnerability at large scales. Weinitially focus on sparse scientific applications and apply our approachin this paper to the Algebraic Multi Grid (AMG) algorithm. We empirically analyze AMG's vulnerability to hardware faults in both sequential and parallel (hybrid MPI/OpenMP) executions on up to 1,600 cores and propose and evaluate the use of targeted pointer replication to reduce it. Our techniques increase AMG's resilience to transient hardware faults by 50-80% and improve its scalability on faulty computational environments by 35%. Further, we show how to model AMG's scalability in fault-prone environments to predict execution times of large-scale runs accurately.
Language and Region Codes for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample

New language and region codes are developed for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. The region codes were developed previously with a different sample and tested against social structure data. The language codes incorporate information from recent publications on language history and are presented at multiple levels, providing information about the taxonomic relationships among languages.
Born this way? Understanding the immunological basis of effective HIV control.

'Elite controllers' of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) maintain a long-term disease-free status after infection with HIV. A comparison of elite controllers and people who progress to disease after infection with HIV now suggests that clonotypic profiles of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells may underlie elite control.
Terameprocol (Tetra-O-Methyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid), an Inhibitor of Sp1-Mediated Survivin Transcription, Induces Radiosensitization in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Introduction: Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and key regulator of mitosis, is up-regulated in a variety of cancers and is often associated with a worse prognosis. Terameprocol down-regulates the Sp1-mediated transcription of survivin and Cdk1, which is important for cell cycle progression and many other proteins. Survivin inhibition has previously been shown to result in the induction of apoptosis and radiosensitization. Methods: This study examined the effects of terameprocol administration on survivin transcription and expression in HCC2429 and H460 lung cancer cells. We also examined the combined effects of radiation and terameprocol on apoptosis and radiosensitivity. Results: Using immunoblot analysis and luciferase assays, we confirmed that terameprocol decreases survivin transcription and protein expression. Ultimately, however, decreases in survivin expression failed to correlate with an increase in apoptosis. Nonetheless, clonogenic assay revealed that terameprocol induces increased radiosensitization in HCC2429 (dose enhancement ratio=1.26, p = 0.019) and H460 (dose enhancement ratio=1.18, p = 0.001) cells. Additionally, the data show no effect of terameprocol on cell cycle in either HCC2429 or H460 cells. Conclusions: Terameprocol significantly enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines to radiation therapy, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. Further study is warranted to assess the potential of terameprocol as an agent that may enhance the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy in lung cancer.
Redefining leader self-awareness by integrating the second component of self-awareness

This article aims to extend the current treatment of what constitutes leader self-awareness. Discussion of self-awareness in organizations and leadership research here focused on one component of self-awareness; awareness of individual self-resources. Drawing on Objective Self-Awareness Theory (OSA theory, Duval & Wicklund, 1972), this paper explores a neglected second component of self-awareness: the ability to anticipate the views of others. Leaders gain awareness of their influence on others through impulses to self-focus, which leads to self-evaluation against extrinsic standards, and insight regarding leader influence. Research and practical implications of the second component of self-awareness are discussed.
Computed tomography of abdominal trauma: A step-by-step approach

Patients subjected to trauma to the abdomen and pelvis suffer a wide variety of injuries, many of which can be detected by computed tomography (CT). This article provides a rigorous step-by-step routine useful in the interpretation of these studies, in order to decrease the number of missed traumatic lesions. The routine includes: search for pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum using lung windows for lower thorax and upper abdominal sections and soft tissue windows for lower abdominal and pelvic sections; search of left paracolic gutter and spleen for blood or laceration; search of right paracolic gutter and liver for blood or laceration; upper abdominal survey evaluating duodenum and pancreas; retroperitoneal survey of kidneys, adrenals, inferior vena cava, and aorta for evidence of bleeding, laceration, hematoma, urinoma, or signs of hypotension; search of gastrointestinal tract and mesentery for extravasation or hematoma; muscle survey including psoas, iliopsoas, rectus abdominus, and buttocks for hematoma; bone survey including ribs, transverse processes, sacrum, sacroiliac joints, and hips for fracture; and lowest section search for thigh hematoma. This pictorial essay illustrates examples of trauma found in each of these steps as well as potential pitfalls in the interpretation of CT of the abdomen and pelvis in the traumatized patient.
Statistical inference of seabed sound-speed structure in the Gulf of Oman Basin

Addressed is the statistical inference of the sound-speed depth profile of a thick soft seabed from broadband sound propagation data recorded in the Gulf of Oman Basin in 1977. The acoustic data are in the form of time series signals recorded on a sparse vertical line array and generated by explosive sources deployed along a 280 km track. The acoustic data offer a unique opportunity to study a deep-water bottom-limited thickly sedimented environment because of the large number of time series measurements, very low seabed attenuation, and auxiliary measurements. A maximum entropy method is employed to obtain a conditional posterior probability distribution (PPD) for the sound-speed ratio and the near-surface sound-speed gradient. The multiple data samples allow for a determination of the average error constraint value required to uniquely specify the PPD for each data sample. Two complicating features of the statistical inference study are addressed: (1) the need to develop an error function that can both utilize the measured multipath arrival structure and mitigate the effects of data errors and (2) the effect of small bathymetric slopes on the structure of the bottom interacting arrivals.
Redox Control of the Senescence Regulator Interleukin-1α and the Secretory Phenotype

Senescent cells accumulate in aged tissue and are causally linked to age-associated tissue degeneration. These non-dividing, metabolically active cells are highly secretory and alter tissue homeostasis, creating an environment conducive to metastatic disease progression. IL-1α is a key senescence-associated (SA) proinflammatory cytokine that acts as a critical upstream regulator of the SA secretory phenotype (SASP). We established that SA shifts in steady-state H2O2 and intracellular Ca2+ levels caused an increase in IL-1α expression and processing. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ promoted calpain activation and increased the proteolytic cleavage of IL-1α. Antioxidants and low oxygen tension prevented SA IL-1α expression and restricted expression of SASP components IL-6 and IL-8. Ca2+ chelation or calpain inhibition prevented SA processing of IL-1α and its ability to induce downstream cytokine expression. Conditioned medium from senescent cells treated with antioxidants or Ca2+ chelators or cultured in low oxygen markedly reduced the invasive capacity of proximal metastatic cancer cells. In this paracrine fashion, senescent cells promoted invasion by inducing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, actin reorganization, and cellular polarization of neighboring cancer cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate how SA alterations in the redox state and Ca2+ homeostasis modulate the inflammatory phenotype through the regulation of the SASP initiator IL-1α, creating a microenvironment permissive to tumor invasion. Background: The senescent microenvironment is permissive to disease progression, and the role of oxidants in this process remains uncharacterized. Results: Senescent fibroblasts promote tumor invasion through redox/calcium regulation of the cytokine IL-1α. Conclusion: Senescence-associated oxidants and calcium drive the secretory phenotype, altering the microenvironment. Significance: Targeting senescent cells with antioxidant-based therapeutics may restrict inflammation and combat age-related disease progression.
Changes in cytoskeletal proteins and their mRNAs during maturation of human erythroid progenitor cells

We have used highly purified human early erythroid progenitors to study changes in cytoskeletal proteins during their maturation and terminal differentiation. When erythroid progenitors at the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) stage of development are grown in the presence of erythropoietin, the cells mature and terminally differentiate into reticulocytes during a 14–15-day culture period. We have shown by immunofluorescence that spectrin is present in day 3 BFU-E, at which time proteins band 3, ankyrin, and band 4.1 cannot be detected. Ankyrin and band 4.1 were detected in the majority of the cells by day 7 of culture, at the colony-forming unit (CFU)-E stage, whereas only 15% of the cells were positive for band 3 protein on day 7 of culture. The mRNA level for spectrin was already at its maximum on day 8 whereas the mRNAs for band 3, ankyrin, and band 4.1 were just beginning to accumulate. After enucleation, spectrin, band 3, ankyrin, and band 4.1 fluorescence were all associated with the reticulocytes. Actin was localized at the constriction between the extruding nucleus and the incipient reticulocyte in enucleating erythroblasts suggesting a key role for actin in the enucleation of human erythroblasts. Our investigations have also shown that purified human erythroid progenitors cultured in serum-free suspension media are capable of enucleating without the requirement of an extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate that the synthesis and expression of major cytoskeletal proteins in the human erythrocyte membrane occur in an asynchronous manner and that the remodeling of the membrane skeleton begins at a very early stage during erythrocyte development. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perturbation calculation of correlation energies for polyatomic molecules I. Initial results

The calculation of correlation energies for polyatomic molecules is discussed. Four second-order perturbation expressions are considered; only the simplest, a Rayleigh-Schroedinger expansion with the Moller-Plesset partitioning of the Hamiltonian is invariant to an arbitrary mixing of degenerate orbitals and has the correct dependence on the number of particles. In the absence of degeneracies an iterative Brillouin-Wigner method is proposed. Calculations predict that correlation effects favor the non-classical form of carbonium ions.
Type I gore-tex laryngoplasty for glottic incompetence in mobile vocal folds.

Summary Objective To determine the effectiveness of gore-tex medialization thyroplasty for the management of glottic incompetence (GI) in patients with mobile vocal folds. Methods Twenty patients with glottic incompetence (GI) and mobile vocal folds were retrospectively analyzed after gore-tex medialization laryngoplasty. Pre- and postoperative outcome measures including grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain of the voice (GRBAS), glottal function index (GFI), and voice-related quality of life (VRQOL) were compared to detect surgical effectiveness. Two anesthetic subgroups were identified and compared: general anesthesia, via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) anesthetic, and local anesthesia. Results Statistically significant differences were identified between pre- and postoperative VRQOL ( P P P ρ = 0.71). Perceptual voice quality (GRBAS) correlates slightly better with VRQOL scores ( ρ = −0.6; P ρ = 0.43). Conclusion Gore-tex thyroplasty provides reliable medium-term improvement in both perceptual and subjective voice parameters in the setting of GI with mobile vocal folds.
A direct method for determination of chemical potential from osmotic molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract A new direct method for determination of chemical potentials from molecular dynamics simulations is proposed. This paper focuses on development and testing of the method for pure, Lennard-Jones fluids. The proposed method uses a semipermeable membrane to mimic an osmotic experiment. With only a few particles designated as those to which the membrane is permeable, the chemical potential relative to that of an ideal gas can be determined for a fluid at virtually any realistic temperature and density, and only the equilibrium mole fraction of the permeable particles in the “mixture” side of the cell is required. The chemical potentials obtained using the new osmotic method agree well with those obtained from the Lennard-Jones equation of state and those obtained from Widom's method. The new method has the main advantage over traditional methods of being extendable to complex molecules because no particle insertions are required.
Relationship between vitamin D status and incidence of vascular events in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.

Abstract Objective Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D levels and incident cardiovascular events in large well-characterized patient cohorts. Therefore, our objective was to determine if low vitamin D levels predicted vascular complications of diabetes. Methods Prospective analysis of 936 veterans with type 2 diabetes (59.7 ± 8.4 years, 96.9% male) who participated in the Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) was conducted. 25(OH)-vitamin D was measured a median of two years after entry and participants were subsequently followed 3.7 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for cardiovascular endpoints in relation to 25(OH)-vitamin D quartile. For microvascular endpoints, logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios. Results After adjusting for age, minority status, treatment arm and history of prior event, individuals in the lowest vitamin D quartile (i.e., 1–15.9 ng/ml) were at similar risk of MI [HR = 1.13 (95% CI: 0.53, 2.42)], CHD [HR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.55)], congestive heart failure [HR = 1.44 (95% CI: 0.67, 3.06)], and death from any cause [HR = 1.04 (95% CI: 0.53, 2.04)] as individuals in the highest vitamin D quartile (i.e., 29.9–77.2 ng/ml). Similarly, there were no differences in the odds associated with retinopathy or renal disease onset or progression in the lowest versus highest vitamin D quartile. Conclusions These data indicate that vitamin D status had no significant impact on the incidence of vascular events in a cohort of high-risk veterans with diabetes in which traditional risk factors were managed according to current treatment guidelines.
Extracting properties of heavy-light mesons

Abstract A multistate smearing method suitable for the extraction of both ground and radially excited heavy-light states is applied to the pseudoscalar channel.
Performance limits of LMS-based adaptive networks

In this work we analyze the mean-square performance of different strategies for adaptation over two-node least-mean-squares (LMS) networks. The results highlight some interesting properties for adaptive networks in comparison to centralized solutions. The analysis reveals that the adapt-then-combine (ATC) adaptive network algorithm can achieve lower excess-mean-square-error (EMSE) than a centralized solution that is based on either block or incremental LMS strategies with the same convergence rate.
Graphite-epoxy composites : effects of an applied interphase

An applied interphase, between matrix resin and fibers in continuous fiber composites, resulted in a significant improvement in composite impact strength and fracture toughness concurrently with a moderate improvement or unchanged interlaminar shear strength. The temperature resistance of tailored interphases and composites was high. An optimum thickness was observed. The merits of such interphases and a novel means of application are discussed.
Acquired disorders of phagocyte function complicating medical and surgical illnesses.

There is evidence that acquired dysfunction of neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages is an important cause of infection in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic failure, alcoholism, autoimmune diseases, influenza or human immunodeficiency virus infection, burns, and trauma. Distinguishable mechanisms of acquired phagocyte dysfunction include inhibitory effects of metabolic disturbances (e.g., hyperglycemia, uremia), chemical toxins (e.g., ethanol), viral proteins on phagocyte activation, and pathologic activation of phagocytes in the circulation (e.g., after hemodialysis, burns, or cardiopulmonary bypass). Although the burden of morbidity and mortality resulting from acquired phagocyte dysfunction appears to be vast, research in this area has been hampered by the complexity of the underlying illnesses and by limitations of laboratory assays and clinical study methodology. Given the advent of improved assays of phagocyte functions and treatments that can enhance these functions, there is a pressing need for more prospective studies of acquired phagocyte dysfunction.
Demanding More: Legal Standards and Best Practices for English Language Learners

In the current english-only programs in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts only a small percentage of students are learning English and subject matter content. This violates the success in practice prong of Castaneda v. Pickard (1981). Further, these program failures bolster the claim that these programs also violate castaneda's sound theory and qualified expert support prong. Previous legal actions focused on the latter requirement and failed. Focusing on program failure creates a greater likelihood of successful legal challenge. This article calls for a change in interpretation of ELL rights and program requirements based on the majority consensus of best practices research.