cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EXOCYTOSIS OF LATEX BEADS DURING THE ENCYSTMENT OF ACANTHAMOEBA

Cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff) are known to form mature cysts characterized by a cellulose-containing cell wall when transferred to a nonnutrient medium. Amebas which engulfed latex beads before encystment formed mature cysts essentially devoid of bead material. The encystment of bead-containing cells appeared to be similar to that of control cells since no important differences between the two were observed with respect to cellular levels of glycogen or protein, cellulose synthetase activity, the amount of cyst wall polysaccharide formed, or the percentage of cysts formed. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited encystment as well as bead expulsion. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the beads, which initially were contained in phagocytic vesicles, were released from the cell by fusion of vesicular membranes with the plasma membrane. Exocytosis was observed in cells after 3 hr of encystment, with most of the beads being lost before cyst wall formation. Each bead-containing vesicle involved in expulsion was conspicuously demarcated by an area of concentrated cytoplasm, which was more homogeneously granular than the surrounding cytoplasm. Beads were not observed in the cytoplasm of mature cysts but were occasionally found in the cyst wall.
Variation in active and passive resource inputs to experimental pools: mechanisms and possible consequences for food webs

Summary 1. Cross-ecosystem movements of resources, including detritus, nutrients and living prey, can strongly influence food web dynamics in recipient habitats. Variation in resource inputs is thought to be driven by factors external to the recipient habitat (e.g. donor habitat productivity and boundary conditions). However, inputs of or by ‘active’ living resources may be strongly influenced by recipient habitat quality when organisms exhibit behavioural habitat selection when crossing ecosystem boundaries. 2. To examine whether behavioural responses to recipient habitat quality alter the relative inputs of ‘active’ living and ‘passive’ detrital resources to recipient food webs, we manipulated the presence of caged predatory fish and measured biomass, energy and organic content of inputs to outdoor experimental pools of adult aquatic insects, frog eggs, terrestrial plant matter and terrestrial arthropods. 3. Caged fish reduced the biomass, energy and organic matter donated to pools by tree frog eggs by ∼70%, but did not alter insect colonisation or passive allochthonous inputs of terrestrial arthropods and plant material. Terrestrial plant matter and adult aquatic insects provided the most energy and organic matter inputs to the pools (40–50%), while terrestrial arthropods provided the least (7%). Inputs of frog egg were relatively small but varied considerably among pools and over time (3%, range = 0–20%). Absolute and proportional amounts varied by input type. 4. Aquatic predators can strongly affect the magnitude of active, but not passive, inputs and that the effect of recipient habitat quality on active inputs is variable. Furthermore, some active inputs (i.e. aquatic insect colonists) can provide similar amounts of energy and organic matter as passive inputs of terrestrial plant matter, which are well known to be important. Because inputs differ in quality and the trophic level they subsidise, proportional changes in input type could have strong effects on recipient food webs. 5. Cross-ecosystem resource inputs have previously been characterised as donor-controlled. However, control by the recipient food web could lead to greater feedback between resource flow and consumer dynamics than has been appreciated so far.
Reexamining the Claim of Public Authority Efficacy

Public authorities, a form of special purpose government, have often been associated with an effective, if authoritarian, implementation of public policy objectives. In the late 1980s, a group of counties in New York State made a choice about whether or not to create a public authority to site and develop an incinerator or landfill. Although the practitioners who created the public authorities expected them to perform well in a contentious political setting, a survey of the state indicates that the public authorities actually completed very few projects. This finding holds even controlling for key task and environmental variables.
UTD-HLT-CG: Semantic Architecture for Metonymy Resolution and Classification of Nominal Relations

In this paper we present a semantic architecture that was employed for processing two different SemEval 2007 tasks: Task 4 (Classification of Semantic Relations between Nominals) and Task 8 (Metonymy Resolution). The architecture uses multiple forms of syntactic, lexical, and semantic information to inform a classification-based approach that generates a different model for each machine learning algorithm that implements the classification. We used decision trees, decision rules, logistic regression and lazy classifiers. A voting module selects the best performing module for each task evaluated in SemEval 2007. The paper details the results obtained when using the semantic architecture.
White sturgeon spawning and discharge augmentation

Observed spawning events of endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Richardson), during 1994-2002 were examined to evaluate the effects of discharge from Libby Dam on spawning. Discharge from Libby Dam was manipulated in most years to provide enhanced flows (hereafter, augmented discharge) for white sturgeon spawning. The annual onset of spawning appeared independent of augmented discharge because initial spawning occurred prior to augmented discharge in 4 of 6 years. Spawning began 2-11 days after the highest river discharge in 4 of 9 years. Linear regression analysis indicated the onset of spawning was positively related to mean daily discharge from the dam but not mean daily temperature, 1-day change in discharge (D discharge) or 3-day D discharge. Logistic regression analysis suggested the probability of a spawning event was influenced by Julian date, mean daily water temperature, mean daily discharge and the 7-day D discharge, but the predictive indices were small. Minor fluctuations in temperature and discharge characteristics had little additional predictive benefit for spawning after the river reached spawning thresholds. The highest probability of spawning (0.48) was for the temperature interval 9.5-9.9 � C, and 93% of the estimated spawning events occurred above 8 � C. Sixty percent of the estimated spawning events occurred at discharges ‡600 m 3 s )1 , which comprised 45% of the range of discharge values.
An energy-efficient adaptive hybrid cache

By reconfiguring part of the cache as software-managed scratchpad memory (SPM), hybrid caches manage to handle both unknown and predictable memory access patterns. However, existing hybrid caches provide a flexible partitioning of cache and SPM without considering adaptation to the run-time cache behavior. Previous cache set balancing techniques are either energy-inefficient or require serial tag and data array access. In this paper an adaptive hybrid cache is proposed to dynamically remap SPM blocks from high-demand cache sets to low-demand cache sets. This achieves 19%, 25%, 18% and 18% energy-runtime-production reductions over four previous representative techniques on a wide range of benchmarks.
Learn to Track Edges

Reliability of a model-based edge tracker critically depends on its ability to establish correct correspondences between points on the model edges and edge pixels in an image. This is a non-trivial problem especially in the presence of large inter-frame motions and in cluttered environments. We propose an online learning approach to solving this problem. An edge pixel is represented by a descriptor composed of a small segment of intensity patterns. From training examples the algorithm utilizes the randomized forest model to learn a posteriori distribution of correspondence given the descriptor. In a new frame, the edge pixels are classified using maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The proposed method is very powerful and it enables us to apply the proposed tracker to many previously impossible scenarios with unprecedented robustness.
Unsupervised parallel distributed computing architecture for adaptive control

An unsupervised parallel distributed adaptive controller for nonlinear systems is proposed. It is shown to provide bounded tracking and asymptotic regulation following an arbitrary 'teacher'. A two-degrees-of-freedom robotic simulation example is provided, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method. >
Adverse birth outcomes in relation to prenatal sonographic measurements of fetal size.

Received October 1, 2002, from the Departments ofRadiology (R.S.-B., P.W.C., V.A.F., R.A.F.) and Epidemiologyand Biostatistics (R.S.-B., P.B.), University of California, SanFrancisco, California; and Department of Obstetrics andGynecology (J.E.), Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA.Revision requested November 11, 2002. Revised manu-script accepted for publication December 12, 2002.We thank David Rock and Jeannie Rabold (Acuson;Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) forgenerous assistance in obtaining the data from theAegis data system to complete these analyses and TravisSeawards for assistance in preparing the manuscript.Address correspondence and reprint requests toRebecca Smith-Bindman, MD, Department ofRadiology, University of California San Francisco,UCSF/Mount Zion Campus, 1600 Divisadero St, SanFrancisco, CA 94115 USA.
Determination of the equivalent circuit of coaxial line-antenna junctions

Summary form only given. Both theoretical and experimental aspects of the problem of determining the equivalent circuit of the open-ended coaxial line or waveguide are considered. From the practical point of view, the input impedance determined by the equivalent circuit of the junction between the coaxial line and an external structure is sufficient to solve the internal problem of a coaxial feed line. The input impedance of junctions between the coaxial transmission line and several planar antennas, used as sensors, is solved with the use of the concept of the terminal region. The properties of the eigenfunctions in the coaxial region are used to complete computation. The matching technique is used at the aperture for fields in the coaxial line and in the structure being fed by the line. In the experimental part, the theoretically determined equivalent circuit was compared with that obtained from measurements using a network analyzer. >
High Intensity Interval- vs Moderate Intensity- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight or Obese Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose To compare the effects of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) vs continuous moderate intensity training (MIT) for improving body composition, insulin sensitivity (SI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and cardiovascular fitness in a cohort of sedentary overweight or obese young men. We hypothesized that HIIT would result in similar improvements in body composition, cardiovascular fitness, blood lipids, and SI as compared to the MIT group, despite requiring only one hour of activity per week compared to five hours per week for the MIT group. Methods 28 sedentary overweight or obese men (age, 20 ± 1.5 years, body mass index 29.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2) participated in a six week exercise treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to HIIT or MIT and evaluated at baseline and post-training. DXA was used to assess body composition, graded treadmill exercise test to measure cardiovascular fitness, oral glucose tolerance to measure SI, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess lipoprotein particles, and automatic auscultation to measure blood pressure. Results A greater improvement in VO2peak was observed in MIT compared to HIIT (11.1% vs 2.83%, P = 0.0185) in the complete-case analysis. No differences were seen in the intention to treat analysis, and no other group differences were observed. Both exercise conditions were associated with temporal improvements in % body fat, total cholesterol, medium VLDL, medium HDL, triglycerides, SI, and VO2peak (P < 0.05). Conclusion Participation in HIIT or MIT exercise training displayed: 1) improved SI, 2) reduced blood lipids, 3) decreased % body fat, and 4) improved cardiovascular fitness. While both exercise groups led to similar improvements for most cardiometabolic risk factors assessed, MIT led to a greater improvement in overall cardiovascular fitness. Overall, these observations suggest that a relatively short duration of either HIIT or MIT training may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in previously sedentary overweight or obese young men, with no clear advantage between these two specific regimes (Clinical Trial Registry number NCT01935323). Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01935323
Westerly Wind Events in the Tropical Pacific, 1986–95

Abstract Based on examination of 10 yr of 10-m winds and wind anomalies from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF) analysis, definitions for westerly wind events (WWEs) of eight different types are proposed. The authors construct a composite for each type of event, show that a simple propagating Gaussian model satisfactorily describes the evolution of zonal wind anomaly for each type of event, and determine the scales of each composite event by fitting the model to each composite. The authors discuss the WWEs that occurred during the Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) intensive observing period (IOP) and show the extent to which these composite events are able to reproduce the major westerly wind features of the IOP. The frequency of occurrence of each type of WWE for each year of this record and by calendar month are described; the authors find several types of events are negatively correlated with the annual mean troup Souther...
Methane dual-site adsorption in organic-rich shale-gas and coalbed systems

Abstract Herein, we report on a novel dual-site adsorption model to determine state of methane in shale formations and coalbeds. By considering two surface energy terms, the model distinguishes methane adsorption in the intrinsic micropore volume of the organic matter from that of the inorganic structure. One energy term describes methane adsorption in micropores ( 2 porosimetry at − 196 °C. The samples had a weak micropore peak followed by a broader peak stretched over meso and macropore regions up to nearly 120 nm. Fitting the dual-site model to experimental methane adsorption data revealed that, among all, the coal sample, with the average heat of adsorption of 24.5 kJ/mol, had the highest interaction energies with both micro- and mesopore sites. Further, we find that 37%, 81% and 83% of methane was stored in the organic matter of Woodford shale, Woodford isolated kerogen and Cameo coal, respectively. Considering low maturity, and hence low micropore volume of the samples, and based on significant methane storage in the organic content we estimated that more than 50% of methane gas is being dissolved into the organic matter rather than just being adsorbed into the micropore volume.
RNA Folding and RNA-Protein Binding Analyzed by Fluorescence Anisotropy and Resonance Energy Transfer

Ribonucleic acids (RNA) perform a host of functions in all living things. The vast majority of these roles are associated with diverse aspects of gene expression, including but not limited to delivery of genetic information between the genome (usually DNA) and protein synthetic machinery, coordination of processing events on nascent RNA molecules, and delivery of amino acids to translating ribosomes, which themselves are largely composed of RNA. More recent concepts in RNA metabolism include cis-regulation of gene expression by riboswitches1 and trans-regulation through small, non-coding RNAs2. Over the past two decades, a large body of work has described catalytic functions for many RNA molecules, from small structured RNAs capable of self-cleavage to the peptidyltransfer functions of ribosomes3,4. Finally, the heterogeneous nature of RNA structure and its amenability to reiterative selection procedures has prompted significant biotechnological interest in RNA aptamers. These are generally short RNA sequences that exhibit high affinity and selectivity for specific molecular targets, and show considerable promise as tools for diagnostic sensing and modulation of biomolecular function5,6
New Strategies in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The Evolving Genetic and Therapeutic Landscape.

The classical BCR–ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF). Although these clonal disorders share certain clinical and genetic features, MF in particular is distinct for its complex mutational landscape, severe disease phenotype, and poor prognosis. The genetic complexity inherent to MF has made this disease extremely challenging to treat. Pharmacologic JAK inhibition has proven to be a transformative therapy in MPNs, alleviating symptom burden and improving survival, but has been hampered by off-target toxicities and, as monotherapy, has shown limited effects on mutant allele burden. In this review, we discuss the genetic heterogeneity contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs, focusing on novel driver and epigenetic mutations and how they relate to combination therapeutic strategies. We discuss results from ongoing studies of new JAK inhibitors and report on new drugs and drug combinations that have demonstrated success in early preclinical and clinical trials, including type II JAK inhibitors, antifibrotic agents, and telomerase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1037–47. ©2016 AACR .
Electron attachment to Fe(CO)n (n = 0-5).

The rate constants of thermal electron attachment at 300 and 400 K to Fe(CO)n (n = 0–5) have been measured using a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. The stable species Fe(CO)5 was studied using the traditional method of monitoring electron depletion as a function of reaction time, and the remaining short-lived species were studied using the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) technique. Attachment to Fe(CO)5 is purely dissociative and about 20% efficient with a rate constant of (7.9 ± 1.4) × 10–8 cm3 s–1 at 300 K and (8.8 ± 2) × 10–8 cm3 s–1 at 400 K. The attachment rate constants decrease significantly as each CO ligand is removed, with Fe(CO)n (n = 4 to 1) attaching with efficiencies on the order of 10%, 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% respectively. Under the conditions here, attachment to Fe(CO)4 and Fe(CO)3 are likely entirely dissociative, whereas attachment to Fe(CO)2 and Fe(CO) are almost entirely associative. A statistical kinetic modeling approach is used to...
Electrolytic Conditioning of a Magnesium Aluminum Chloride Complex for Reversible Magnesium Deposition

We describe in this report the electrochemistry of Mg deposition and dissolution from the magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC). The results define the requirements for reversible Mg deposition and definitively establish that voltammetric cycling of the electrolyte significantly alters its composition and performance. Elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results demonstrate that irreversible Mg and Al deposits form during early cycles. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data show that inhibitory oligomers develop in THF-based solutions. These oligomers form via the well-established mechanism of a cationic ring-opening polymerization of THF during the initial synthesis of the MACC and under resting conditions. In contrast, MACC solutions in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), an acyclic solvent, do not evolve as dramatically at open circuit potential. From these results, we propose a mechanism describing how the conditioning proces...
Polycations Selectively Blocking Tissue Factor-Dependent FVII Activation: Collective In Vitro Anticoagulation Studies§

Tissue factor (TF) is an initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation, which is often susceptible to upregulation by tissue injury, advanced glycation end-product, or diverse inflammation. TF hypercoagulability is accompanied by elevated generation of clotting factors (e.g., FVIIa, FXa, and thrombin) and fibrin production, all of which are proinflammatory. In this laboratory, our in vitro experimental results show that polycationic anticoagulants (compound 48/80, ruthenium red, polybrene, protamine, Buforin I, and cationic polyamino acids) intervene TF hypercoagulability at posttranslational level. Polycations preferentially suppress TF-dependent FVII activation with diminished FVIIa formation shown on Western blotting, resulting in non- or un-competitive inhibition on FVIIa amidolytic activity. In contrast, polycations have no effect on FVIIa catalysis, FXa activity, or thrombin activity per se. Polycations could present a new class of anticoagulants with such unique upstream downregulation of blood coagulation. In view of coagulation-dependent inflammation and the new paradigm of blood coagulation-inflammation-thrombosis circuit, the polycations as a new class of anticoagulants could effectively contribute to antiinflammation, antithrombosis, and cardioprotection. Further development of effective anticoagulants is of biopharmaceutical significance in broadly easing disease conditions.
Minimization of displacement estimation bias due to high amplitude-reflections using envelope-weighted normalization.

In elastography, displacement estimation is often performed using cross-correlation based techniques, assuming fully-developed, homogeneous speckle. In the presence of a local, large variation in echo amplitude, such as a reflection from a vessel wall, this assumption does not hold true, resulting in a biased displacement estimate. Normalizing the echo by its envelope before displacement estimation reduces this effect at the cost of larger jitter errors. An algorithm is proposed to reduce amplitude-dependent bias in displacement estimates while avoiding a large increase in the jitter error magnitude. The algorithm involves “Envelope-Weighted Normalization” (EWN) of echo data before displacement estimation. A parametric analysis was conducted to find the optimum parameters with which this technique could be implemented. The EWN technique was found to significantly reduce the RMS error of the displacement estimates showing the greatest improvements when utilizing longer window lengths and higher ultrasonic frequencies.
Time as a Concept in Caregiving

We have expectations about time and our health. People who have encountered and taken advantage of “the goodness of time” also seem to find peace and comfort in their dying. Seemingly they have few regrets and feel that they have lived successful lives. They used time to benefit themselves and others and have no reason to be regretful or angry about its finality. Examples are offered of how some people “fit living into dying,” while others resent the intrusion of dying in their lives. Perceptions of time change when we become ill and are dying.
The female advantage: sex as a possible protective factor against emotion recognition impairment following traumatic brain injury

Although moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to facial affect recognition impairments in up to 39% of individuals, protective and risk factors for these deficits are unknown. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of sex on emotion recognition abilities following TBI. We administered two separate emotion recognition tests (one static and one dynamic) to 53 individuals with moderate to severe TBI (females = 28) and 49 demographically matched comparisons (females = 22). We then investigated the presence of a sex-by-group interaction in emotion recognition accuracy. In the comparison group, there were no sex differences. In the TBI group, however, females significantly outperformed males in the dynamic (but not the static) task. Moreover, males (but not females) with TBI performed significantly worse than comparison participants in the dynamic task. Further analysis revealed that sex differences in emotion recognition abilities within the TBI group could not be explained by lesion location, TBI severity, or other neuropsychological variables. These findings suggest that sex may serve as a protective factor for social impairment following TBI and inform clinicians working with TBI as well as research on the neurophysiological correlates of sex differences in social functioning.
Affective Correlates of Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease

Background In Parkinson's disease (PD), psychosis and affective disorders are common and independently impact quality of life and mortality. Both depression and psychosis are correlated with the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that they may share neurobiological substrates. Anxiety has not been examined as a correlate of psychosis. The objective of this study was to examine the nature of the association between affective disorders and psychosis in patients with PD. Methods One hundred forty-four patients with PD were evaluated using the Schedule for Assessment of Positive Symptoms to assess psychotic features, while depression and anxiety were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (SCID) and 2 self-assessment scales: the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Correlational analyses assessed associations between hallucinations and delusions with depression and anxiety. Results A diagnosis of anxiety (SCID) was significantly associated (P = 0.015) with hallucinations (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–16.99). The severity of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) significantly predicted (P = 0.03) the presence of hallucinations (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15) and delusions (OR, 1.09, confidence region, 1.01–1.17). Current depression (SCID) was significantly associated (P = 0.001) with the presence of hallucinations (OR, 6.12; 95% CI, 2.04–18.39) and delusions (OR, 7.14; 95% CI, 2.23–22.93). Multiple linear regressions revealed that severity of anxiety remained an independent predictor (P < 0.05) of both the number of types of hallucinations (t = 3.06; P = 0.003) and delusions (t = 2.87; P = 0.005). Severity of depression was a significant predictor of the total number of delusions (t = 2.28; P = 0.024). Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between depression and psychosis and, for the first time, an association between anxiety and psychosis. These associations may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis in patients with PD.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Syndrome

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of surfactant in alveoli and terminal airways resulting in respiratory failure. PAP comprises part of a spectrum of disorders of surfactant homeostasis (clearance and production). The surfactant production disorders are caused by mutations in genes required for normal surfactant production. The PAP syndrome is identified based on history, radiologic, and bronchoalveolar lavage and/or histopathologic findings. The diagnosis of PAP-causing diseases in secondary PAP requires further studies. Whole-lung lavage is the current standard therapy and promising new pharmacologic therapies are in development.
Application of high hydrostatic pressure to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes from fresh pork sausage.

Ground pork patties were inoculated separately with 109 CFU/g each of three strains of Listeria monocytogenes obtained from the National Animal Disease Center (NADC). Inoculated patties were packaged under vacuum and treated at 414 megapascals (60,000 lb/in2) for up to 60 min by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Survivors were determined by surface plating onto modified Oxford agar and trypticase soy agar with yeast extract, as well as by the most probable number method using Listeria enrichment broth. Average D values ranged from 1.89 to 4.17 min, depending on the strain, with the most virulent strain (reported by the NADC) having the highest D value. We tested the usefulness of applying a mild heat treatment at 50°C, simultaneously with HHP, to lower these values. Average D values ranged from 0.37 to 0.63 min, depending on the strain. Thus, a 10-log10 reduction could be achieved even in the most pressure-resistant strain of L. monocytogenes by a 6-min application of heat and HHP. Shelf life studies were ...
Catcher's Knee: Posterior Femoral Condyle Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans in Children and Adolescents.

Background Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans is an idiopathic condition involving subchondral bone and articular cartilage in skeletally immature patients in whom the growth plates are open, potentially leading to lesion instability. Because of the differing forces experienced by baseball/softball catchers versus position players, the age at which lesions develop and the characteristics of the lesions themselves may differ between these 2 populations. The purpose of the study was to examine relative age and characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) knee lesions in catchers compared with position players. Methods Using a text-based search tool that queries clinic notes and operative reports, computerized medical records from 1990 to 2014 from the Sports Medicine Program of a tertiary care Children's Hospital were searched to find children and adolescents who had OCD of the knee, played baseball/softball, had a specified field position, and had magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Ultimately, 98 knees (78 patients) were identified: 33 knees (29 patients) in catchers and 65 knees (49 patients) in noncatchers. Data collected included position played (catcher/noncatcher), demographics (age, unilateral/bilateral, and sex), lesion severity, and sagittal and coronal lesion location. Results When compared with noncatchers, catchers presented at a younger age (P=0.035) but were similar with respect to bilateral involvement (P=0.115), sex (P=0.457), and lesion severity (P=0.484). Lesions in catchers were more posterior on the femoral condyle in the sagittal plane (P=0.004) but similar in location in the coronal plane (P=0.210). Conclusions Catchers developed OCD at a younger age and in a more posterior location on the medial and lateral femoral condyles than noncatchers. These results may represent the effects of repetitive and persistent loading of the knees in the hyperflexed position required of catchers. Increased awareness of this risk may lead to surveillance and prevention programs. Level of evidence Level III-case-control study.
Analogical Information Processing within Scientific Metaphors

The thesis for the epistemic indispensability of scientific metaphor has no shortage of proponents.1 Scientific metaphors are linked to concept formation,2 scientific explanation,3 theoretical confirmation,4 and scientific models.5 All of these proclamations assume a linguistic conception of scientific theory, which focuses on systems of statements as the product of inquiry. Yet few advocates of scientific metaphor explicitly address metaphor’s value from a problem solving orientation to science. The view that scientific inquiry reduces to the formulation and resolution of problems avoids the artificial and rigid picture suggested by the linguistic conception of science, at least according to many philosophers.6 But in what respects, if any, is the structure of scientific problem solving indispensably metaphoric? To my knowledge no advocate of scientific metaphor addresses this question in detail.
Parsing wireless electrocardiogram signals with context free grammar conditional random fields

Recent advances in wearable sensor technology have made it possible to simultaneously collect multiple streams of physiological and context data from individuals as they go about their daily activities in natural environments. However, extracting reliable higher-level inferences from these raw data streams remains a key data analysis challenge. In this paper, we focus on the specific case of the analysis of data from wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors. We present a new robust probabilistic approach to ECG morphology extraction using conditional random field context free grammar models, which have traditionally been applied to parsing problems in natural language processing. We focus on ECG morphology extraction because it is a key step in higher-level detection tasks such as arrhythmia detection and the detection of drug use. We introduce a robust context free grammar for parsing noisy ECG data, and show significantly improved performance on the ECG morphological labeling task.
Memento Mori Sewol

This ensemble, Memento Mori Sewol, is protest and propaganda clothes as well as mourning clothes, expressing condolence to the victims of the Sewol ferry incident of South Korea in 2014 and lamenting the diminishing humanism. It maximizes the advantage of ‘conversational print’ that can induce the viewer to notice uniqueness of the print, have an urge to mention on it, and start a ‘conversation’ with the wearer.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a drug target for cancer chemotherapy

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in some patients with different tumor types, and the receptor can be a negative or positive prognostic factor. There is also evidence from both in vivo and in vitro cell culture models that the AhR can exhibit tumor-specific pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor-like functions and therefore can be treated with AhR antagonists or agonists, respectively. Successful clinical applications of AhR ligands will require the synthesis and development of selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) with tumor-specific AhR agonist or antagonist activity, and some currently available compounds such as indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane-(DIM) and synthetic AhR antagonists are potential drug candidates. There is also evidence that some AhR-active pharmaceuticals, including tranilast, flutamide, hydroxytamoxifen and omeprazole or their derivatives, may be effective AhR-dependent anticancer agents for single or combination cancer chemotherapies for treatment of breast and pancreatic cancers.
All the Polling (Data) That’s Fit to Print? An Analysis of Online News Coverage of 2016 Primary Polls

As U.S. news outlets grapple with the challenges of delivering news in a digital era, journalists cover elections with tighter deadlines and fewer resources. Consequently, we are seeing an explosion in coverage of polls, which require little original reporting and attract readers through their “horse race” appeal. As the number of polls increases, news professionals are culling data from a wider spectrum of sources that vary in methodology and credibility. What remains unclear is how effective the news media are in providing polling context in their online coverage that is less limited by the space and time constraints of more traditional mediums. Utilizing the 2016 U.S. primaries, this exploratory study examines online news articles focused on polls to evaluate the quality of digital coverage across national news outlets.Keywords: Campaigns and Elections; Content Analysis; Journalism; News Media; Political Communication
Teaching CS to CS Teachers: Addressing the Need for Advanced Content in K-12 Professional Development

Two-thirds of all computer science teachers in the United States do not have a degree in computer science. As demand for K-12 computer science education continues to grow, and as industry continues to lure computer science graduates away from careers in education, school administrators are increasingly forced to ask teachers with little formal training in computer science to teach computer science courses. This is such a common phenomenon that there are now many competing summer professional development programs aimed at training teachers of other subjects to teach a first course in computer science. However, once these teachers become comfortable teaching the introductory material, there is little support available for them to gain more content knowledge to be able to support their more advanced students or design additional computer science courses. In this paper, we describe our approach to providing more advanced computer science content knowledge to computer science teachers in a week-long summer professional development program.
Auditory and Cognitive Factors Associated with Speech-in-Noise Complaints following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background Auditory complaints following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are common, but few studies have addressed the role of auditory temporal processing in speech recognition complaints. Purpose In this study, deficits understanding speech in a background of speech noise following MTBI were evaluated with the goal of comparing the relative contributions of auditory and nonauditory factors. Research design A matched-groups design was used in which a group of listeners with a history of MTBI were compared to a group matched in age and pure-tone thresholds, as well as a control group of young listeners with normal hearing (YNH). Study sample Of the 33 listeners who participated in the study, 13 were included in the MTBI group (mean age = 46.7 yr), 11 in the Matched group (mean age = 49 yr), and 9 in the YNH group (mean age = 20.8 yr). Data collection and analysis Speech-in-noise deficits were evaluated using subjective measures as well as monaural word (Words-in-Noise test) and sentence (Quick Speech-in-Noise test) tasks, and a binaural spatial release task. Performance on these measures was compared to psychophysical tasks that evaluate monaural and binaural temporal fine-structure tasks and spectral resolution. Cognitive measures of attention, processing speed, and working memory were evaluated as possible causes of differences between MTBI and Matched groups that might contribute to speech-in-noise perception deficits. Results A high proportion of listeners in the MTBI group reported difficulty understanding speech in noise (84%) compared to the Matched group (9.1%), and listeners who reported difficulty were more likely to have abnormal results on objective measures of speech in noise. No significant group differences were found between the MTBI and Matched listeners on any of the measures reported, but the number of abnormal tests differed across groups. Regression analysis revealed that a combination of auditory and auditory processing factors contributed to monaural speech-in-noise scores, but the benefit of spatial separation was related to a combination of working memory and peripheral auditory factors across all listeners in the study. Conclusions The results of this study are consistent with previous findings that a subset of listeners with MTBI has objective auditory deficits. Speech-in-noise performance was related to a combination of auditory and nonauditory factors, confirming the important role of audiology in MTBI rehabilitation. Further research is needed to evaluate the prevalence and causal relationship of auditory deficits following MTBI.
Adapting a Photochemical Reactor to the Study of UV Ecology in Vineyard Yeast

In the vineyard, many genera of yeast can be present on the grapes, but they are eventually outcompeted by Saccharomyces yeast as fermentation progresses. A selective pressure that has the potential to affect the composition of the non-Saccharomyces community is UV light, particularly in places with very high levels of UV-B (280 to 315 nm) radiation, like New Zealand. Understanding this ecology could conceivably be very important because of growing evidence that non-Saccharomyces yeast present on grapes in vineyards can play a role in the fermentation process and terroir. Thus, understanding how UV light can affect yeast community composition represents a step toward understanding how specific taste signatures derived from certain microbial communities are produced. To fully understand these processes, overall UV sensitivity to wavelengths encountered in the vineyard would need to be characterized for each member of the non-Saccharomyces vineyard yeast community. Problematically, traditional UV-sensitivity assays have used instruments that only emit at 254 nm (UV-C), a wavelength filtered out by the ozone layer in natural environments. Here, we present a method that allows experimental determination of UV-B sensitivity in yeast (and presumably, sensitivity to several other wavelengths) that uses a Rayonet RPR-100 photochemical reactor. This method outperforms traditional methods of irradiation in both ecological relevance and tight control of wavelength and flux. With our protocol, better understanding of the ecological processes that drive community structure in vineyards, and therefore also microbial terroir, can be achieved.
An experimental investigation on flow pattern map and drift-flux model for co-current upward liquid-gas two-phase flow in narrow annuli

Abstract This study explored flow patterns and void fraction prediction models for co-current upward liquid-gas two-phase flow in narrow annular spaces. Experiments on two-phase flow in both narrow and wide annular conduits were performed in a 4-inch (0.102 m) outside-diameter test section, with 3.5-inch (0.089 m) and 2-inch (0.051 m) inner pipes as representations of different annular geometries. Flow patterns and liquid holdup were recorded while flowing air and water upward through the test sections. The experimental results showed that the two-phase flow pattern maps in narrow annulus and wide annulus are with different major regime transition lines. A new drift-flux model for water-air two-phase flow in narrow annuli was developed using experimental data collected in this study. The new model was compared against previous models that were developed for wide annuli, and the results showed a better match in void fraction predictions for two-phase flow in narrow annuli with experimental data. The understanding of two-phase flow in narrow annuli is vital for real-time prediction of void fraction and annular pressure loss in wells with gas influx during casing/liner/slimhole drilling operations. An enhanced prediction can ensure delivery of safer wells with lower non-productive time and associated trouble encountered during well control operations.
Social Media Engagement and the Critical Care Medicine Community

Over the last decade, social media has transformed how we communicate in the medical community. Microblogging through platforms such as Twitter has made social media a vehicle for succinct, targeted, and innovative dissemination of content in critical care medicine. Common uses of social media in medicine include dissemination of information, knowledge acquisition, professional networking, and patient advocacy. Social media engagement at conferences represents all of these categories and is often the first time health-care providers are introduced to Twitter. Most of the major critical care medicine conferences, journals, and societies leverage social media for education, research, and advocacy, and social media users can tailor the inflow of content based on their own interests. From these interactions, networks and communities are built within critical care medicine and beyond, overcoming the barriers of physical proximity. In this review, we summarize the history and current status of health-care social media as it relates to critical care medicine and provide a primer for those new to health-care social media with a focus on Twitter, one of the most popular microblogging platforms.
Stents for femoropopliteal disease: are some things better covered up?

Covered stents have proven useful for the treatment of complications after endovascular interventions, particularly vessel perforation and rupture [(1)][1]. One such device (Graftmaster, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
HF App to Support Self-Care Among Community Dwelling Adults With HF: A Feasibility Study

Abstract Background The prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) is expected to increase by 46% from 2012 to 2030, which will result in over 8 million adults with HF. The development and testing of interventions that can support HF self-care behaviors is critical. Aim Determine the: 1) feasibility of using the HF App in middle to older adult community dwelling patients with HF; and 2) acceptability of using the HF App mobile health application. Methods A convenience sample of community dwelling HF participants daily used the HF App to enter physiologic data, answer questions about symptoms, reviewed HF education within the application and received reminders over a two-week period. Feasibility and acceptability measures were assessed using data extracted from the principal investigator's qualitative diary. In addition, two acceptability questionnaires were utilized. Results All participants enrolled (N = 10) completed the two-week period. Participant mean age was 64.5 years. The mean scores on the acceptability of the HF App 19 (SD 2.87) indicated increased perceived benefit of using the app while the mean scores of acceptability of the education offered in the app 12.4 (SD 2.84) indicated that participants positively benefited from viewing the education. Qualitative results indicated that participants were more aware of their symptoms and the need to self-monitor. Conclusions This feasibility study points to the incorporation of mobile applications to support self-care as promising research that can be useful to aid middle to older individuals in performing effective HF self-care but further studies with a larger randomized sample is needed.
Control of a Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Under Non-Ideal Grid Conditions With Online Parameter Update

Three-phase grid-connected inverter modeling depends on the equivalent resistance and inductance between the inverter and the grid. However, these parameters are not fixed during the operation of the inverter and vary with the operating conditions. In this paper, a new globally stable adaptive controller is proposed to estimate these values online and update the controller during its operation. A model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based on two fictitious quantities with no physical significance is utilized, namely $M = v \cdot i^*$ and $N = v^* \times i$ , where $v$ and $i$ are the steady-state values of voltage and current in synchronously rotating frame of reference. Detailed stability analysis of the proposed estimation technique has been presented using a Lyapunov energy function-based approach proving the global stability of the technique. Small-signal modeling and analysis of the proposed scheme has also been presented so as to understand the local dynamics of the system. The guidelines to select the parameter of the proposed MRAS system along with updating the controller are elaborated in this paper. Detailed simulation based on MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS, along with experimental studies through a Texas Instruments TMS320F28377S microcontroller, validates the feasibility of the proposed control architecture.
Urethral Injury: The New Challenge for taTME

Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is a developing surgical technique that allows for improved exposure and visualization of the distal rectum, improving the quality of resection. However, because the prostate can inadvertently be mobilized from below, exposing the prostatic urethra, this surgical approach risks iatrogenic injury to the male urethra. This complication has not been documented in other sphincter-preserving methods of rectal resection such as low anterior resection and is only a rare complication of abdominoperineal resection. Careful understanding of anatomic landmarks and risk factors for injury can help prevent wrong-plane surgery and minimize the risk of urethral injury during taTME. Several intraoperative techniques to minimize incidence of urethral injury for high-risk patients, including use of lighted stents, ultrasound, and fluorescence imaging, have also been described.