cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender, self-reported depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance among older community-dwelling persons

The purposes of this report are: (1) to investigate the association between sleep disturbances and depressive symptomatology in older adults; (2) to evaluate the degree to which gender serves to mediate this relationship; and (3) to determine whether several predefined covariates help to explain the association between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. This is a retrospective and cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 485 elderly adults enrolled in three of the eight clinical sites participating in the Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques (FICSIT) trials. FICSIT was a linked series of randomized clinical trials which evaluated the impact of various exercise interventions on several measures of frailty in older adults. Women reported more depressive symptoms and more sleep disturbances than men. Sleep disturbances were independently associated with depressive symptoms, bodily pain, a history of falling, limited education, being married, and being female. Gender interactions suggest that, although women reported more depressive symptoms and more chronic health conditions than men, both may be more important predictors of sleep disturbance in men. By contrast, being married may be more predictive in women. Finally, the data suggest a stronger relationship between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in men than in women.
Safety Practices of Sonographers and Their Knowledge of the Biologic Effects of Sonography

Diagnostic medical sonography is viewed as a safe imaging modality. However, bioeffects research has yet to define the effects of exposure to sonography in humans. Therefore, sonographers must be aware of potential risks and practice ALARA (“as low as reasonably achievable”) routinely. This research explores sonographers’ ability to answer basic questions about the bioeffects of sonography, as well as their knowledge and use of the safety indices called the mechanical index (MI) and thermal index (TI). Members of the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers, a southwestern sonographers’ society, and a sonography community on Facebook 2010 were surveyed. There is a low level of bioeffects knowledge and minimal safety practices among sonographers in this survey. No significant relationship was found between sonographer knowledge of the bioeffects of sonography, years in the profession, or whether the sonographers monitor the MI/TI.
A scalable constraint-based Q-hash indexing for moving objects

In this paper, we develop a Q-hash index structure to efficiently store the position of moving objects. An environment of moving objects contains continuously changing locations which are hard to index using traditional index structures such as R-trees, QuadTrees and their variants. In order to answer the queries accurately, one of the problems faced in storing these positions is the number of updates that have to be made to the database whenever locations change. The high maintenance overhead on updates leads to performance degradation of these index structures; additionally, it makes the database very bulky which results in very poor performance in terms of query execution time. One of the main objectives of the structure we propose is to minimize the number of updates to the database to an optimal number so that the accuracy and response time of the query result are not compromised and at the same time the number of wireless communications can be reduced. The indexing is done using a hashing technique where the hashing function makes use of a region based QuadTree structure. To improve the efficiency of the query processing our index structure helps us define constraints over speed, direction and location of the moving object at the device level which controls the number of updates. In addition, in order to answer different query types efficiently at all levels we propose a three-tier (moving object, regional server, central repository) architecture. Our extensive performance evaluation and comparison of the proposed technique concludes that our scheme outperforms existing Q+R-tree and QuadTree in terms of range query execution time by a high order of magnitude.
Retooling information systems for aging.

In an era characterized by rapid rates of change, information escalation, and vast communication networks, little concern has been evidenced on behalf of our aging population and how these forces a...
Creating customized anchoring models to teach programming

Computerized tutors using artificial intelligence techniques to teach programming offer exciting possibilities in the future. However, so far they are incomplete, expensive, and require large computer resources. Inexpensive static/simulation anchoring models are useful in helping novices to learn programming. However, they do not permit dynamic refinement of inaccurate models of the computer which novices normally have. This paper discusses a dynamic anchoring model technique which overcomes the instructional limitations of previous anchoring models, yet is inexpensive, can be adapted to any introductory programming instruction, and can be easily implemented on relatively low-end micro computers. Its ease of use and applicability to a wide range of inexpensive micro computers should make it an attractive teaching tool for instructors in developing as well as developed countries.
Collapse of atomic motion in a quantized cavity mode

Abstract The state of a quantized single-mode cavity field strongly influences the motion of atomic wave packets trapped into the optical potential that it provides, to the point where the atomic motion can be effectively “frozen” for long periods of time. This effect, which should not be confused with cooling, is reminiscent of the collapse and revivals phenomena familiar from the Jaynes-Cummings model.
Developing Faculty Data Bases and Institutional Research Studies as Advanced Planning Mechanisms for Potential Litigation.

The purpose of this paper is to familiarize higher education administrators and support personnel with the types and number of faculty cases litigated and reported at state and federal levels for the 1982 calendar year. Each case was reviewed for the basic facts, the underlying legal rationale, the data requirements, and the decision of the court. Categories of cases and the associated data needs were developed. From these categorical data summaries, suggested institutional research data bases and studies were formulated as advanced planning mechanisms for potential litigation or, hopefully, litigation avoidance. This is an update of research reported in part at the 1983 AIR Forum.
Success and Failure, Gender Differences, and the Menstrual Cycle

Eighty-one women and 26 men were led to succeed or fail at a task. No differences in actual performance were found between men and women or among women in different menstrual phases. Although they had participated alone, women felt worse, less competent, and less “up” than men after both success and failure. After success women also felt less satisfied, felt they had made lower scores, expected to perform worse, and rewarded themselves less than men. After success, women who were menstruating at the time of the experiment reported feeling better than women in other menstrual phases on most measures. A possible explanation was that menstruating women may have expected to perform poorly.
Molecular characteristics of SS-B/La and SS-A/Ro cellular antigens.

Anti-SS-B/La and anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies coexist in certain patients with connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren's syndrome. The respective antigenic structures with which these autoantibodies bind have not been fully characterized. The present study was conducted to better define these two different cellular antigens. WiL2 cell extracts were used to obtain partially purified SS-B/La and SS-A/Re antigens, Both were found to be present in most fractions obtained after sequential purification with ammonium sulfate salt precipitation, G-200 gel filtration. DE-52 ion exchange chromatography, and preparative slab gel electrophoresis. However, SS-B/La antigenic activity was also found to be present in some fractions that did not contain detectable SS-A/Re activity. These findings suggested the existence of two different forms of SS-B/La antigen: one containing the SS-B/La antigen only and the other containing both the SS-B/La and SS-A/Re antigens. The RNA and protein components of these two ribonuclear protein particles were further defined by immunoprecipitation experiments using 32 P-labeled WiL2 cell extract. The SS-B/La antigen was found to be associated with several RNAs while the SS-A/Re antigen was associated with several other distinct RNAs. Both antibodies precipitated a common 43K molecular weight phosphoprotein. The antigenic peptides of these 2 antibodies were analyzed using an immunoblot system, The SS-B/La antigen was present on a 43K peptide which was unstable and could be degraded to several peptides of lower molecular weight (40K, 38K, 30K), while the SS-A/Ro antigen occurred on a peptide having a molecular weight of about 60K.
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency (Scurvy) in a Toddler With Restricted Dietary Intake Presenting With “Leg Weakness” and a Rash

This report describes a toddler who presented to the emergency department with reported leg weakness and a petechial rash who ultimately was diagnosed with severe ascorbic acid deficiency (scurvy) due to restricted dietary intake. The diagnosis was delayed, and this report highlights the role of a detailed dietary history as part of the diagnostic process.
It's Not Just About Functionality Anymore: Expanding Student Projects with Web Ecosystems (Abstract Only)

Student projects play a central role in the CS curriculum and are can be used everywhere, from low-level courses to upper-level capstones. Projects help students tie together ideas from their courses and put them in a "tangible" form for which they can feel a sense of pride. Projects also provide a clear way for students to show off their work to others. When we talk about student projects, we often focus on the functionality of the project: "Build something that does this."The modern Web suggests that software (or at least Web-based software) is often defined by more than a core computational task; in addition to the core functionality, modern Web software situates that core functionality in a broader "ecosystem" that often includes (a) a community of users that share ideas and comment on each others' work; (b) ways to link the software to and from social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter; and (c) analytic tools to understand how people use the software; and more.I report on an experiment in which I asked students to expand their Web software project (an online drawing application) into a broader ecosystem. The extension from core functionality to broader ecosystem helped students think about different issues in computing, encouraged students to find aspects that most interested them (e.g., some liked analytics, some liked building the functionality, some liked thinking about how to create communities, and some liked designing and testing the interface), and made students think more carefully about their responsibilities as software builders.
Dietary interactions influencing amino acid utilisation by poultry

Dietary factors influencing amino acid requirements of poultry, may be classified into two broad categories: those which exert their effects primarily by altering food intake and those which induce...
Extension table evaluation of datalog programs with negation

The authors describe the ET*/sub NOT/, algorithm, which uses the ET* algorithm to evaluate the predicates in negative literals and uses the resulting extension tables to represent the positive facts. If the literal is in the extension table, the result of the negation is false; otherwise, it is true. Applying the ET*/sub NOT/ algorithm to evaluate negation has two advantages. The first advantage is that the ET*/sub NOT/ algorithm extends the implementation of the negation as failure rule to evaluate negation under the more powerful closed world assumption. The second advantage is that the ET*/sub NOT/ algorithm uses the materialized views of the predicates in the extension table and may avoid expensive recomputation. >
Adopting Cultivation to Remain Pastoralists: The Diversification of Maasai Livelihoods in Northern Tanzania

Over the past four decades, Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania have adopted agriculture, integrating it with their traditional pastoralism. This livelihood diversification has complex origins and profound implications for Maasai social organization, culture, and demography, and ultimately for their health and well being and for the local and regional environment. In this paper, we examine the process by which this engagement with, and increasing dependence upon, agriculture came about in Ngorongoro District, northern Tanzania. The process there was more complex and influenced by a wider variety of factors than has been reported by previous descriptions of Maasai livelihood diversification. It generally involved two stages: planting a garden first, and later expanding the garden to a farm. We found that some households adopted cultivation out of necessity, but far more did so by choice. Among the latter, some adopted cultivation to reduce risk, while for others it was a reflection of changing cultural and social norms. Motivations for adopting cultivation differed among people of different wealth categories. Diversification was part of wider cultural changes, and was also influenced by power differentials among Maasai age sets and by government policies.
Alice Munro’s Scottish Birthright

For some time, critics have discussed the Scottish elements in a handful of Alice Munro’s stories: references to the Cameronians in “Friend of My Youth” (1990), the Scottish setting and ballad in “...
Developing a Dissociative Nanocontainer for Peptide Drug Delivery

The potency, selectivity, and decreased side effects of bioactive peptides have propelled these agents to the forefront of pharmacological research. Peptides are especially promising for the treatment of neurological disorders and pain. However, delivery of peptide therapeutics often requires invasive techniques, which is a major obstacle to their widespread application. We have developed a tailored peptide drug delivery system in which the viral capsid of P22 bacteriophage is modified to serve as a tunable nanocontainer for the packaging and controlled release of bioactive peptides. Recent efforts have demonstrated that P22 nanocontainers can effectively encapsulate analgesic peptides and translocate them across blood-brain-barrier (BBB) models. However, release of encapsulated peptides at their target site remains a challenge. Here a Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) reaction is applied to trigger P22 nanocontainer disassembly under physiological conditions. Specifically, the ROMP substrate norbornene (5-Norbornene-2-carboxylic acid) is conjugated to the exterior of a loaded P22 nanocontainer and Grubbs II Catalyst is used to trigger the polymerization reaction leading to nanocontainer disassembly. Our results demonstrate initial attempts to characterize the ROMP-triggered release of cargo peptides from P22 nanocontainers. This work provides proof-of-concept for the construction of a triggerable peptide drug delivery system using viral nanocontainers.
Sino-Japanese relations: power, interdependence, and domestic politics

China and Japan have been deepening economic interdependence over the last two decades, while China has recently shown territorial ambitions and initiated disputes with Japan. This runs contrary to the commercial liberal literature that argues that trade promotes peace. On the other hand, the realist theory also does not fully explain Sino-Japanese relations because Sino-Japanese relations are not always in conflict. The rise of China and the relative decline of Japan might explain increasing tensions in the rivalry relationship, but what drives Chinese leaders to initiate disputes? I address the importance of domestic politics to examine Sino-Japanese disputes. I argue that the recent deterioration of the bilateral relationship could be explained by the power struggle in the Chinese leadership. To support the logic of this argument, I use a game-theoretic model, which accounts for how the type of Chinese leadership influences foreign policy outcomes in Sino-Japanese relations.
A CENTROMERE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN FROM FISSION YEAST AFFECTS CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION AND HAS HOMOLOGY TO HUMAN CENP-B

Genetic and biochemical strategies have been used to identify Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteins with roles in centromere function. One protein, identified by both approaches, shows significant homology to the human centromere DNA-binding protein, CENP-B, and is identical to Abp1p (autonomously replicating sequence-binding protein 1) (Murakami, Y., J.A. Huberman, and J. Hurwitz. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:502–507). Abp1p binds in vitro specifically to at least three sites in centromeric central core DNA of S. pombe chromosome II (cc2). Overexpression of abp1 affects mitotic chromosome stability in S. pombe. Although inactivation of the abp1 gene is not lethal, the abp1 null strain displays marked mitotic chromosome instability and a pronounced meiotic defect. The identification of a CENP-B–related centromere DNA-binding protein in S. pombe strongly supports the hypothesis that fission yeast centromeres are structurally and functionally related to the centromeres of higher eukaryotes.
Evaluation of SFE—CO2 and Methanol—CO2 Mixtures for the Extraction of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons from House Dust

The extraction of native polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from house dust is studied using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO 2 ); direct modified SFE; and mixtures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mole percent methanol in CO 2. The temperatures studied are 50, 75, and 100°C. For the direct modified SFE experiments, the effect of adding 100 and 200 L of methanol and 100 μL of water directly to the sample at 75 and 100°C is studied. The properties of the PAHs and of the dust matrix are used to explain the patterns observed in the recovery yields. The increase in the solvent strength of the methanol-CO2 mixtures greatly increases the recoveries and decreases the total extraction time. Also, an increase in the extraction temperature positively affects the yields. The direct modified SFE and SFE-CO 2 experiments give similar extraction yields, and the extractions with the binary mixtures give optimum results.
Design of continuous attractor networks with monotonic tuning using a symmetry principle

Neurons that sustain elevated firing in the absence of stimuli have been found in many neural systems. In graded persistent activity, neurons can sustain firing at many levels, suggesting a widely found type of network dynamics in which networks can relax to any one of a continuum of stationary states. The reproduction of these findings in model networks of nonlinear neurons has turned out to be nontrivial. A particularly insightful model has been the “bump attractor,” in which a continuous attractor emerges through an underlying symmetry in the network connectivity matrix. This model, however, cannot account for data in which the persistent firing of neurons is a monotonic---rather than a bell-shaped---function of a stored variable. Here, we show that the symmetry used in the bump attractor network can be employed to create a whole family of continuous attractor networks, including those with monotonic tuning. Our design is based on tuning the external inputs to networks that have a connectivity matrix with Toeplitz symmetry. In particular, we provide a complete analytical solution of a line attractor network with monotonic tuning and show that for many other networks, the numerical tuning of synaptic weights reduces to the computation of a single parameter.
Culture of Phytoplankton for Feeding Marine Invertebrates

These pages describe relatively simple and reliable methods for the culture of marine phytoplankton species useful for feeding marine invertebrates. The methods suffice for the most fastidious algae now routinely cultivable, and simplifications indicated for less demanding species are easily made; for example, omission of silicate for plants other than diatoms. Certain modifications of techniques, ancillary methods, and precautions will be treated briefly because questions often arise concerning them, but documentation will be minimal and hopefully restricted to publications readily available.
Macroarray analysis of coelomocyte gene expression in response to LPS in the sea urchin. Identification of unexpected immune diversity in an invertebrate

The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is a member of the phylum Echinodermata, which is basal to the phylum Chordata within the deuterostome lineage of the animal kingdom. This rela...
Deriving Customized Integrated Web Query Interfaces

Given a set of query interfaces from providers in the same domain (e.g., car rental), the goal is to build automatically an integrated interface that makes the access to individual sources transparent to users. Our goal is to allow users to choose their preferred providers. Consequently, the integrated interface should reflect only the query interfaces of these sources. The problem scrutinized in this work is deriving customized integrated interfaces. On the hypothesis that query interfaces on the Web are easily understood by ordinary users (well-designed assumption), mainly because of the way their attributes are organized (structural property) and named (lexical property), we develop algorithms to construct customized integrated interfaces. Experiments are performed to validate our analytical studies, including a user survey.
Elevated nutrient content of tropical macroalgae increases rates of herbivory in coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats

We explored the role of food quality in herbivore preference for macroalgae by comparing consumption of Acanthophora spicifera with and without elevated tissue nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Algal enrichment effects on herbivory were examined in coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats along a sparsely populated Honduran island protected from fishing. Nutrient enrichment led to significantly increased grazing by herbivores across habitats. Consumption of enriched algae increased by 91% compared to controls among the mangrove roots, where herbivory rates were generally lowest. In the heavily grazed seagrass and coral habitats, nutrient enrichment increased consumption by 30 and 20%, respectively, with the effect more spatially variable than among the mangrove roots. We suggest that, at least on the local scale, intact herbivore populations may be able to compensate for effects of increased nutrient supply by locating and consuming nutrient-enriched algae, but that the importance of this mechanism varies both among and within habitats.
Morphology of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the primary somatosensory cortex and their relationship to spinothalamic terminals in the squirrel monkey

This study examined the morphology of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI; hand region of areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2) and their relationship to the spinothalamic (STT) terminals in the squirrel monkey. Retrogradely labeled thalamocortical neurons were intracellularly filled with Lucifer yellow (LY), and the STT terminals were anterogradely labeled with biotinylated dextran. Both filled neurons and labeled terminals were differentially visualized in the same field by a dual immunocytochemical staining method. SI-projecting neurons appeared at the light level to be in contact with STT terminal boutons in the ventroposterior lateral (VPL), ventroposterior inferior (VPI), and centrolateral (CL) nuclei and the posterior complex (PO). The analyses of the neuronal morphology revealed that somatic and dendritic morphologies of SI-projecting neurons in these thalamic nuclei, as well as in the anterior pulvinlar (Pulo), centromedial (CM), and ventrolateral (VL) nuclei, were generally comparable with some exceptions: VL neurons had the largest soma sizes, the most primary dendrites, and the longest total dendritic length among all neurons studied; VPI neurons had the smallest soma sizes; VPL SI-projecting neurons were different from those in VPI in their soma sizes, shape factors, and orientations; in VPL the cells projecting to the superficial layers of SI were smaller than those projecting to the deeper layers, but in VPI the two groups of neurons were similar in soma sizes. In general, the SI-projecting neurons in VPL, VPI, and CL were similar in their dendritic morphologies and branching patterns, and varied from those in Pub, PO, CM, and VL. D 1995 WiIey-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: intracellular injection, retrograde, anterograde, biotinylated dextran, fractal dimension
The ρO − ω interference parameters in diffractive photoproduction of vector mesons on hydrogen☆

We have examined the reaction γp → π+π−p for evidence of ϱo − ω interference. Assuming the ratio of the ϱo and ω-photoproduction amplitudes to be |Aϱ/Aω|2 = 7.1 ± 0.7, we find that the Re(δeiβ) = 2.3 ± 0.9 MeV and Im (δeiβ) = −0.4 ± 0.9 MeV, where δ(≈ 2.3 MeV) is the mass mixing parameter and β(≈ −9o) is the relative phase of the ϱo −ω amplitudes. Our result, obtained using a hydrogen bubble chamber, agrees with the high-statistics Daresbury result using photoproduction on carbon.
Healthy choices in context: How contextual cues can influence the persuasiveness of framed health messages

Research has shown that framing messages in terms of benefits or detriments can have a substantial influence on intended behavior. For prevention behaviors, positively framed messages have been found to elicit stronger behavioral intentions than negatively framed messages. Research also seems to indicate that certain contextual features contribute to the persuasiveness of a message. In the present research we test how message framing, contextually presented affect and the number of argument factors interact and contribute to the persuasiveness of a health related message. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that, in our prevention focused task, increasing the number of arguments increased behavioral intentions (BI) for positively framed messages when subjects were cued, via negative affect, to be attentive to the message. This resulted in a significant framing effect for messages with the maximum number of arguments and a negative background picture. An account of contextual influence in persuasive health messages is discussed.
Nonparametric Reconstruction of the Dark Energy Equation of State

A basic aim of ongoing and upcoming cosmological surveys is to unravel the mystery of dark energy. In the absence of a compelling theory to test, a natural approach is to better characterize the properties of dark energy in search of clues that can lead to a more fundamental understanding. One way to view this characterization is the improved determination of the redshift-dependence of the dark energy equation of state parameter, w(z). To do this requires a robust and bias-free method for reconstructing w(z) from data that does not rely on restrictive expansion schemes or assumed functional forms for w(z). We present a new nonparametric reconstruction method that solves for w(z) as a statistical inverse problem, based on a Gaussian process representation. This method reliably captures nontrivial behavior of w(z) and provides controlled error bounds. We demonstrate the power of the method on different sets of simulated supernova data; the approach can be easily extended to include diverse cosmological probes.
Intraabdominal abscess following open and laparoscopic appendectomy in the pediatric population

Background: Studies comparing intraabdominal abscess (IAA) rates following laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) have shown conflicting results. Methods: The charts of 324 children undergoing appendectomy were reviewed retrospectively to examine the incidence of IAA. Results: Of the 324 appendectomies, 204 (63.0%) were completed laparoscopically and 119 (36.7%) were performed open. The conversion rate was 0.2% (1/324). Of the 15 (4.6%) IAAs, 7 occurred in the LA group (3.4%) and 8 occurred in the OA group (6.7%) [p = not significant (NS)]. The incidence of IAA for perforated appendicitis for LA was 15% (7/46) and that for OA was 10% (7/70) (p = NS). Conclusion: This study demonstrates no statistically significant difference in the rate of IAA among children following LA and OA. LA can be performed for perforated appendicitis without increasing the risk of IAA.
Genetic and Adaptive Differences in the Expression of Drug Resistance in Hybrid Cells

Hybrids between Chinese hamster cells were isolated and maintained in media that were selective or nonselective for markers present in the parent cells (HGPRT and TK deficiencies, respectively). Segregation frequencies for resistance to azaguanine (AZG), thioguanine (THG), or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) could be enhanced for some groups of hybrids if the stock cells were maintained under nonselective conditions rather than in HAT medium. In these populations the expression of resistance was dominant or codominant even though marker patterns were recessive for the same cells in HAT. Clonal analysis showed that enhancement took place by adaptive shifts rather than by variation and selection. Segregation frequencies in hybrids were also found to differ significantly between clones isolated by replicate fusions of any two parental cell types. The basis for this heterogeneity is unknown and deserves further study.
Use of Witches' Brooms by Abert Squirrels in Ponderosa Pine Forests

Abert squirrels (Sciurus aberti) are ecologically dependent on ponderosa pine forests. Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum) is a common parasite of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) that can result in the formation of an abnormal growth structure or branching pattern in its host known as a witches' broom. Management of this parasite has generally included intensive removal of infected trees. Previous studies have identified witches' brooms as important for wildlife; however, little is known about the relationship between it and Abert squirrels. We examined the contents of 226 dwarf mistletoe-induced witches' brooms in 144 ponderosa pine trees for evidence of Abert squirrel use between September 2000 and November 2001 and documented use in 39 brooms (31 caching and foraging sites and 8 nest sites). We compared the physical characteristics of brooms with evidence of use to those with no evidence of use to predict the probability of a broom being used as a caching and foraging site by Abert squirrels. As number of branches within a broom and tree height increased so did the probability of Abert squirrel use. We recommend managers retain ponderosa pine trees ≥18 m in height having brooms with >7 branches to provide usable caching and foraging sites for Abert squirrels.
The Human Ethic

Future engineers must develop a full understanding of basic engineering principles which can serve as a foundation for the learning of new methods and concepts in analysis and design. In addition, engineering students must develop a deep sense of social awareness and concern so that they can identify and anticipate social needs that can be satisfied through technology, and then be able to actually solve these problems. These priorities are reflected in the goals of today's education—personal development, intellectual development, and social responsibility—which, because of the nature of the world's present social condition, can be expressed in terms of a code of ethics for engineering students.
BEYOND CYCLES OF HEGEMONY: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND MILITARY FACTORS

As we survey the changing world on the eve of the 21st century, scholars confront empirical puzzles and interpretive uncertainties. Those of us who identify with worldwide social and political movements seeking more democracy, more equality, more justice, and more rationality find ourselves at once free and daunted. We are free, finally, from the albatross of repressive party-states calling themselves "socialist," from the illusion that social-democratic welfare states are trending toward perfection, from the myth that national development in the Third World is closing the gap. And we are daunted by the double task of (1) reconstructing a strategy of global transformation and (2) making a viable movement out of the multiple oppositional fragments scattered about the global landscape.
Schrödinger and the interpretation of quantum mechanics

On the occasion of the centennial of his birth, Schrodinger's life and views are sketched and his critique of the interpretation of quantum mechanics accepted at his time is examined. His own interpretation, which he had to abandon after a short time, provides a prime example of the way in which the tentative meaning of central theoretical terms in a new and revolutionary theory often fails. Schrodinger's strong philosophical convictions have played a key role in his refusal to break with many of the notions of classical physics. At the same time, they made him into a keen and incisive critic of the Copenhagen interpretation. His criticism is compared with present views on quantum mechanics.
Ascorbic acid promotes extracellular matrix deposition while preserving valve interstitial cell quiescence within 3D hydrogel scaffolds

Current options for aortic valve replacements are non-viable and thus lack the ability to grow and remodel, which can be problematic for paediatric applications. Toward the development of living valve substitutes that can grow and remodel, porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) were isolated and encapsulated within proteolytically degradable and cell-adhesive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, in an effort to study their phenotypes and functions. The results showed that encapsulated VICs maintained high viability and proliferated within the hydrogels. The VICs actively remodelled the hydrogels via secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and deposition of new extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagens I and III. The soft hydrogels with compressive moduli of ~4.3 kPa quickly reverted VICs from an activated myofibroblastic phenotype to a quiescent, unactivated phenotype, evidenced by the loss of α-smooth muscle actin expression upon encapsulation. In an effort to promote VIC-mediated ECM production, ascorbic acid (AA) was supplemented in the medium to investigate its effects on VIC function and phenotype. AA treatment enhanced VIC spreading and proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis. AA treatment also promoted VIC-mediated ECM remodelling by increasing MMP-2 activity and depositing collagens I and III. AA treatment did not significantly influence the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast activation marker) and alkaline phosphatase (osteogenic differentiation marker). No calcification or nodule formation was observed within the cell-laden hydrogels, with or without AA treatment. These results suggest the potential of this system and the beneficial effect of AA in heart valve tissue engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracking and Cracking: Strict Liability for Earthquake Damage Due to Wastewater Injection and Hydraulic Fracturing

Courts should impose strict liability for earthquake damage caused either by hydraulic fracturing or the underground injection of frack fluids and associated wastewater. In determining whether a specific activity is abnormally dangerous, most courts have been guided by the six factors set forth in Section 520 of the Restatement (Second) of Torts. Recent scientific studies on “induced seismicity” (human-caused earthquakes) have established a strong link between the underground disposal of frack wastewater and significant seismic activity. One court has held that hydraulic fracturing is not an abnormally dangerous activity with regard to groundwater contamination. However, even if groundwater contamination claims should be considered under traditional negligence principles, the application of the six factors of Section 520 leads to a different conclusion with respect to earthquake damage claims. Earthquakes occur when subsurface formations are properly fractured. Likewise, the risk of earthquake damage is not substantially mitigated by the exercise of due care when frack fluids and associated wastes are injected into the ground. Furthermore, there are both judicial and statutory precedents for imposing strict liability for surface disturbances caused by oil and gas operations.
Narcissism, Internet, and social relations: A study of two tales

Abstract Much scholarly literature has investigated the connection of narcissism and Internet use, specifically focused on online social networks. However, there is no consensus about how the narcissists' Internet use impacts their social relations. In part, mixed findings might be explained by failure to account for two distinct types of narcissism, namely a grandiose type and a vulnerable type. In the present study, we expected these two facets of narcissism to show different patterns of associations with Internet behaviors and social outcomes. Anonymous, self-report data were collected from N = 532 late adolescent/young adult participants (mean age = 23.33, 54.9% female). Findings from SEM analyses showed that the links between narcissism and social anxiety/social self-efficacy were partially mediated by preference for online social interactions (POSI); however, the two types of narcissism show distinct links to the two outcomes. Vulnerable narcissism was positively associated with POSI, which indirectly predicted problems for both measures of social relations; in contrast, grandiose narcissism was only directly and positively associated with social self-efficacy and negatively with social anxiety.
Tension in the Natural History of Human Thinking

Michael Tomasello has greatly expanded our knowledge of human cognition and how it differs from that of other animals. In this commentary to his recent book A Natural History of Human Thinking, I first critique some of the presuppositions and arguments of his evolutionary story about how homo sapiens’ cognition emerged. For example, I question the strategy of relying on the modern chimpanzee as a model for our last shared ancestor, and I doubt the idea that what changed first over evolutionary time was hominin behavior, which then in turn brought about changes in cognition. In the second half of the commentary I aim to show that the author oscillates between an additive and a transformative account of human shared intentionality. I argue that shared intentionality shapes cognition in its entirety and therefore precludes the possibility that humans have the same, individual intentionality (as shown in, e.g. their instrumental reasoning) as other apes.
Joint vs. Individual Normality

Saying that random variables X and Y are jointly normal is, of course, a much stronger statement than claiming X and Y are individually normal. The gap between the two concepts is a crucial one but often puzzling to the student. By way of illustration, Feller [1, pp. 99-100], for instance, provides examples which depend on density function constructions. We give here an elementary example based on the probability integral transformation U = F(X) where X is a random variable with continuous cumulative distribution function F. We begin with a standard normal variable X with distribution function N, and define a transformation T (see FIGURE 1) by the formula:
Harmonic Maps Surfaces and Relativistic Strings

The harmonic map is introduced and several physical applications are presented. The classical nonlinear σ model can be looked at as the embedding of a two-dimensional surface in a threedimensional sphere, which is itself embedded in a four-dimensional space. A system of nonlinear evolution equations are obtained by working out the zero curvature condition for the Gauss equations relevant to this geometric formulation.
Stress incontinence and cystoceles.

AbstractWe studied prospectively 62 women with cystoceles by video-urodynamics before and after operative repair» Of 29 women with grades 1 and 2 cystoceles 8 had residual urine, 14 had urge incontinence and 24 had symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Of these women 23 had urodynamic evidence of stress incontinence, as did 3 of 5 without stress incontinence symptoms. Of 33 women with large cystoceles 22 had symptoms of stress urinary incontinence but 10 more had urodynamic evidence of stress urinary incontinence. Of these 33 women 18 had significant residual urine and 24 had urge incontinence. Operative repair resolved stress incontinence in 51 of 54 women, urge incontinence in 33 of 38 and residual urine in 24 of 26. Cystoceles recurred in 3 patients, and enteroceles developed in 3 and recurred in 2. These findings indicate that cystoceles may cause voiding dysfunction and lack of symptoms of stress incontinence is unreliable in patients with cystoceles. In addition, cystoceles are associated with ot...
Ground calibration of the Silicon Drift Detectors for NICER

The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) is set to be deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) in early 2017. It will use an array of 56 Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) to detect soft X-rays (0.2 - 12 keV) with 100 nanosecond timing resolution. Here we describe the effort to calibrate the detectors in the lab primarily using a Modulated X-ray Source (MXS). The MXS that was customized for NICER provides more than a dozen emission lines spread over the instrument bandwidth, providing calibration measurements for detector gain and spectral resolution. In addition, the fluorescence source in the MXS was pulsed at high frequency to enable measurement of the delay due to charge collection in the silicon and signal processing in the detector electronics. A second chamber, designed to illuminate detectors with either 55Fe, an optical LED, or neither, provided additional calibration of detector response, optical blocking, and effectiveness of background rejection techniques. The overall ground calibration achieved total operating time that was generally in the range of 500-1500 hours for each of the 56 detectors.
Pediatric metabolic syndrome: Comprehensive clinical review and related health issues

Why should we write a book on pediatric metabolic syndrome? Commentaries from Worldwide Experts.- Epidemiology of the Metabolic Syndrome in Youth: A Population-to-Clinical-Based Perspective.-Perinatal Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors.- Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes.- Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Atherosclerosis in Childhood.- Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Kidney Disease.- Metabolic Syndrome and Related Liver Diseases.- The Relationship between Asthma, Sleep Apnea and other Respiratory Disorders and Childhood Metabolic Syndrome.- The Relationship between Components of the Metabolic Syndrome and Bone Health.- The Relationship of Childhood Obesity with Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure.- Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Risk.- Neurocognitive and Psychological Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood.- Genomics of Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome.- Physical Activity Assessment and Intervention.- Nutritional Evaluation and Intervention.- Pharmacological Therapies of Metabolic Syndrome.- Bariatric Surgery to Reverse Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents.- Moving Clinic- and Community-based Practice into Policy to Address Child Healthy Weight (and vice versa).
Frequency and atomic mass based selective electrochemical recovery of rare earth metals and isotopes

Abstract Rare earth metals (REMs or lanthanides) are highly useful in applications such as gas sensors, hybrid vehicles, defense equipment, fluorescent and LED lights, metal alloys, as well as in the production of electrical assemblies and associated magnets. The energy of 4f electrons of lanthanides is relatively less than that of outer valence electrons. In other words these electrons are localized and part of the ionic core. In addition, these 4f electrons do not directly participate in compound forming processes. This is a main cause for the difficulty in chemically separating similar lanthanides. One possible separation technique that utilizes the effect of atomic mass based dispersion, involves the application of a potential with different oscillating frequencies. At lower oscillating frequency, the range of mass distribution of REMs deposited is greater than that at higher frequency. In this paper, we present a step-by step approach and formulation to electrochemically separate REMs.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count Recovery during Standard Chemotherapy Predicts Superior Survival and Is Independent of the Hasenclever Index for Hodgkin’s Disease.

Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) post-autologous stem cell transplantation is an independent predictor for survival in Hodgkin’s Disease (HD). Lymphopenia at diagnosis is associated with worse prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed HD. The role of ALC recovery during standard chemotherapy for HD is unknown. We analyzed all patients managed for HD at the Mayo Clinic from 1986 to 2003. Of the 141 consecutive patients, two patients were excluded due to missing ALC data. Of the 139 patients, 63 patients were females and 76 males. The median age of patients at diagnosis was 31 years (range 6–75 years). 118 (85%) patients presented with nodular sclerosis HD, 10 (7%) with mixed cellularity, 2 (1%) with lymphocyte predominance, 1(1%) with lymphocyte depletion, 4 (3%) with lymphocyte predominant (nodular variant), and 4 (3%) unclassified. Frontline chemotherapy included ABVD (N = 79), MOPP-ABV (N = 47), COPP-ABV (N = 8), BEACOPP (N = 3), and Stanford V (N =2). The median number of cycles was 6 (range: 2–10). The median follow-up for the cohort was 62 months (range: 4–221 months). The ALC recovery was analyzed during the first 4 cycles as 90% of the patients received at least 4 cycles of therapy. Patients with an ALC ≥ 1.3 x 109/l at any time point within the first four cycles of chemotherapy (N = 93) demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients with an ALC < 1.3 x 109/L at all time points within the first four cycles of chemotherapy (N =46) (10 years OS and PFS: 91% vs 51%, p < 0.0001; 85% vs 52%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Both groups were balanced for the Hasenclever Index: albumin < 4g/dl (p = 0.1), hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dl (p = 0.46), male gender (p =0.21), age ≥ 45 years (p = 0.06), stage IV disease (p = 0.68), leukocytosis ≥ 15 x 109/L (p = 0.58), and lymphopenia < 600 cell/ml (p = 0.211). Multivariate analysis demonstrated ALC recovery to be independent predictor of OS and PFS when compared to the Hasenclever index. These data suggest a critical role of lymphocyte (immune) recovery during standard chemotherapy in HD.