cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground-state shapes and structures of colloidal domains

Abstract In charged colloidal suspensions, the competition between square-well attraction and long-range Yukawa repulsion leads to various stable domains and Wigner supercrystals. Using a continuum model and symmetry arguments, a phase diagram of spheres, cylinders, and lamellae is obtained as a function of two control parameters, the volume fraction and the ratio between the surface tension and repulsion. Above a critical value of the ratio, the microphase cannot be supported by the Yukawa repulsion and macroscopic phase separation occurs. This finding quantitatively explains the lack of pattern formation in simple liquids because of the small hard sphere diameter in comparison with the size of macromolecules. The phase diagram also predicts microphase separation at zero value of the ratio, suggesting the possibility of self-assembly in repulsive systems.
The local structure of the sample paths of asymmetric cauchy processes

Precise information about the local evolution of the sample path is obtained using asymptotic estimates for the potential kernel, for the capacity of small intervals and unions of intervals, and for the hitting distribution of such sets. A new construction of local time is obtained, and it is shown that, except for the completely asymmetric case, the range of the process on a line is a nowhere dense set of positive Lebesgue measure.
Porticus Pompeiana: a new perspective on the first public park of ancient Rome

Abstract The term porticus, or colonnade, does not immediately bring to mind a garden, nor did it to Romans of the first century BC. In 55 BC, however, the general Pompey the Great presented the public with a porticus surrounding a nemus, or grove, so delightful and significant in the life of the city that when they referred to the many subsequent imitations as porticus, they envisioned gardens. 1 By the first century AD, porticus were the urban parks of central Rome.2 This essay uses planimetric and perspectival drawings to examine how Pompey's designer used the porticus to choreograph the visitors' visual perception of the grove in relationship to the surrounding architecture: a theater, temple, senate-house, basilica and markets, known collectively as the opera Pompeiana.3 The results demonstrate that the complex was highly ordered, with principles of scaenographia, or perspective, employed to focus the vision of the visitor on politically significant juxtapositions of architectural and garden elements...
Gender Differences in Expected Outcomes of Mentoring Relationships

We investigated differences in the costs and benefits associated with being a mentor in a matched sample of 80 male and BO female executives. Women were as likely as men to be mentors and reported ...
Virtual mass in multiphase flow

Virtual mass terms for multiphase flow are derived from a three-field representation of bubbles, bulk liquid and the liquid associated with each bubble.
Anesthetic and dental management of a child with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica.

Abstract The debilitated dental condition of a 5-year-old white girl with the rare dermatologic disease, epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic type, was corrected by complete oral rehabilitation while the patient was under general anesthesia. The preoperative preparation and the problem associated with the administration of general anesthesia, the dental procedure, and the postoperative care are presented.
Development of improved materials for environmental applications: nanocrystalline NaY zeolites.

Two nanocrystalline NaY samples were synthesized with Si/Al ratios of 1.8 and crystal sizes of 23 and 50 nm, respectively. The synthesized NaY zeolites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, silicon solid-state magic angle spinning NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. A commercial NaY sample was analogously characterized for comparison with the synthesized nanocrystalline NaY. FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine was used to elucidate the adsorption sites on the different NaY samples. More Bronsted acid sites and more silanol sites were detected on the nanocrystalline NaY zeolites, relative to the commercial NaY. The nanocrystalline NaY exhibited increased adsorption capacities for representative pollutant molecules, such as toluene (∼10%) and nitrogen dioxide (∼30%), relative to commercial NaY. Functionalization of nanocrystalline NaY was examined as a method for tailoring the properties of nanocrystalline zeolites for specific environmental a...
Augmentation of zinc ion stimulation of lymphoid cells by calcium and lithium.

Abstract Stimulation of hamster lymph node cells by optimal concentrations of ZnCl 2 (10 μM) was found to be enhanced by addition of 1–25 mM LiCl to the serum-free cultures. Maximal enhancement occurred at 10 mM Li + . Similar concentrations of either KCl or NaCl did not potentiate stimulation. Addition of 1 mM CaCl 2 , but not 1–25 mM MgCl 2 , also potentiated Zn 2+ stimulation of lymph node cells. When the cultures were supplemented with 1 mM Ca 2+ + 10 mM Li + , a synergistic potentiation of Zn 2+ stimulation occurred. In addition, the dose response curve for Zn 2+ was shifted such that maximal stimulation occurred at 100–250 μM Zn 2+ , a concentration of Zn 2+ which was toxic for the unsupplemented cultures. In Ca 2+ + Li + supplemented cultures, Zn 2+ stimulated [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation to levels comparable to those obtained when hamster lymphoid cells were stimulated with lectins. In addition to Zn 2+ stimulation, Ca 2+ + Li + supplemented medium also enhanced Hg 2+ stimulation of hamster lymph node cells but did not change the dose response curve for Hg 2+ . Therefore, the observed ionic effects on Zn 2+ stimulation of lymphocytes were unique to this mitogen, when compared to either Hg 2+ stimulation or previously reported lectin stimulation of hamster lymphoid cells.
TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS: FOUR MOTIFS OF LEGAL CHANGE FROM EARLY MODERN EUROPE

In the past millennium, there have been thousands of polities in Europe and millions of laws. This article contributes to efforts by historians and sociologists to make some sense of this sprawl by constructing common types of law and legal change. Such types constitute distinctive patterns by which historical actors change names, ideas, and applications of rules of law under various circumstances. Three classic forms of change, namely legislation, mutation of custom, and judge-made law, were described by Max Weber. To Weber's model I add four new types or motifs of change, which I dub legal deeds, voice-supersession, legal fictions, and anthropological expansion. The major advance of the four motifs is that they each combine what could be called a semantic and a social view of legal change. That is, they take seriously the fact that law is often bound in a self-conscious tradition of thought and practice. But each motif of change is also characterized by a typified social configuration of legal operators and legal subjects, who apply competing ideas to one another in distinctive ways. The paradigm of law in which the four motifs are embedded is evolutionary, pluralist, and liberal in that it posits creative social organization by multiple, independent, interacting individuals in society, weaving cumulative, complex orders. This theory makes several significant scholarly interventions. First, it attempts to reconcile outstanding semantic and social theories of legal change. Second, it historicizes legal pluralism while giving evolutionary theory a healthy dose of contingency. Third, the four motifs should also be serviceable to intellectual historians as tools for describing how historical actors interact with traditions generally. Tradition need not be viewed as conservative or even overwhelmingly static. This paradigm may help historians and social scientists assess how the force of the status quo balances against the power of individuals to innovate.
Embryo-specific silencing of a transporter reduces phytic acid content of maize and soybean seeds

Phytic acid in cereal grains and oilseeds is poorly digested by monogastric animals and negatively affects animal nutrition and the environment. However, breeding programs involving mutants with less phytic acid and more inorganic phosphate (Pi) have been frustrated by undesirable agronomic characteristics associated with the phytic acid-reducing mutations. We show that maize lpa1 mutants are defective in a multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is expressed most highly in embryos, but also in immature endosperm, germinating seed and vegetative tissues. Silencing expression of this transporter in an embryo-specific manner produced low-phytic-acid, high-Pi transgenic maize seeds that germinate normally and do not show any significant reduction in seed dry weight. This dominant transgenic approach obviates the need for incorporating recessive lpa1 mutations to create maize hybrids with reduced phytic acid. Suppressing the homologous soybean MRP gene also generated low-phytic-acid seed, suggesting that the strategy might be feasible for many crops.
Ventricular Septal Defect following Triple Valve Replacement

We report an unusual case of ventricular septal defect following triple valve replacement. The defect was detected at follow-up 3 months after surgery. The site of the defect was subaortic and restrictive in nature. As it did not lead to hemodynamic deterioration, the patient was treated conservatively and she has remained asymptomatic.
Color encoding for gamut extension and bit-depth extension

Monitor oriented RGB color spaces (e.g. sRGB) are widely applied for digital image representation for the simplicity in displaying images on monitor displays. However, the physical gamut limits its ability to encode colors accurately for color images that are not limited to the display RGB gamut. To extend the encoding gamut, non-physical RGB primaries may be used to define the color space, or the RGB tone ranges may be extended beyond the physical range. An out-of-gamut color has at least one of the R, G, and B channels that are smaller than 0 or higher than 100%. Instead of using wide-gamut RGB primaries for gamut expansion, we may extend the tone ranges to expand the encoding gamut. Negative tone values and tone values over 100% are allowed. Methods to efficiently and accurately encode out-of-gamut colors are discussed in this paper. Interpretation bits are added to interpret the range of color values or to encode color values with a higher bit-depth. The interpretation bits of R, G, and B primaries can be packed and stored in an alpha channel in some image formats (e.g. TIFF) or stored in a data tag (e.g. in JEPG format). If a color image does not have colors that are out of a regular RGB gamut, a regular program (e.g. Photoshop) is able to manipulate the data correctly.
Mechanism of dissociation of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase complex into half-molecular weight subunits and their reassociation to enzymatically active complex.

Abstract Pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex has been quantitatively dissociated in low ionic strength glycine-tris buffer into two subunits of identical or nearly identical molecular weight.A total of 5. 5 ± 1.0 readily titratable -SH groups/molecule are lost during the formation of the subunits. The dissociated enzyme is reconstituted to an active enzyme in high ionic strength buffer in the presence of dithiothreitol. The extent of reassociation is a function of the concentration of subunits. Under optimum conditions a complete recovery of enzyme activity is obtained.
Role of nuclear volume in driving equilibrium stable isotope fractionation of mercury, thallium, and other very heavy elements

Abstract Equilibrium stable isotope fractionations of mercury and thallium are estimated for molecules, atoms and ions using first-principles vibrational frequency and electronic structure calculations. These calculations suggest that isotopic variation in nuclear volume is the dominant cause of equilibrium fractionation, driving 205Tl/203Tl and 202Hg/198Hg fractionations of up to 3‰ at room temperature. Mass-dependent fractionations are smaller, ca. 0.5–1‰ for the same isotopes. Both fractionation mechanisms tend to enrich the neutron-rich isotopes in oxidized mercury- and thallium-bearing phases (Tl3+ and Hg2+) relative to reduced phases (Tl+ and Hg0). Among Hg2+-bearing species, inorganic molecules and complexes like HgCl2, HgCl 4 2 - and Hg(H 2 O) 6 2 + will have higher 202Hg/198Hg than coexisting methylmercury species, suggesting a possible application of Hg-isotope measurements to understanding mercury methylation and increasing methylmercury concentrations at the top of the food chain. Estimated 205Tl/203Tl fractionation between Tl(H 2 O) 6 3 + and Tl(H 2 O) 3 + is in reasonable agreement with the fractionations previously observed between seawater and Fe–Mn crusts, supporting an equilibrium-like reduction/oxidation fractionation mechanism. More generally, nuclear-volume isotope fractionation will concentrate larger (heavier) nuclei in species where the electron density at the nucleus is small—due to lack of s-electrons (e.g., Hg2+—[Xe]4f145d106s0 vs. Hg0—[Xe]4f145d106s2) or enhanced s-electron screening by extra p, d, or f electrons (e.g., Tl0—[Xe]4f145d106s26p1 vs. Tl+—[Xe]4f145d106s26p0). Nuclear-volume fractionations become much smaller for lighter elements, declining from ∼1‰/amu for thallium and mercury to ∼0.2‰/amu for ruthenium and ∼0.02‰/amu for sulfur.
Costs of delay and rent-seeking under the modification of final judgment

Under the MFJ, the Bell Operating Companies are restricted in the activities they can undertake. Requests for waivers f'mm these restrictions must be approved by the Department of Justice and a Court. Most requests are ultimately approved. If we assume that all such decisions are made correctly, then the costs of delays associated with the approval process are much larger than any reasonable estimate of the benefits of the process. To these costs must be added the substantial costs of rent seeking and of the uncertainty associated with the process.
Serotonin Syndrome and Other Serotonergic Disorders

Serotonin syndrome is an iatrogenic disorder induced by pharmacologic treatment with serotonergic agents that increases serotonin activity. In addition, there is a wide variety of clinical disorders associated with serotonin excess. The frequent concurrent use of serotonergic and neuroleptic drugs and similarities between serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome can present the clinician with a diagnostic challenge. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of serotonin syndrome as well as other serotonergic disorders.
Evaluating Interrelated Capital Projects: An Alternative Framework

ABSTRACT There is substantial agreement in the capital budgeting literature that the presence of project interactions has to be recognized in evaluating capital projects. Most existing approaches require the explicit assessment of such interactions, which is an extremely difficult task. This paper proposes an alternative framework to overcome this difficulty. The suggested framework utilizes the accounting relationships inherent in the Impact of the projects to evaluate complex interactions. The framework is first presented in terms of a heuristic selection rule and subsequently formulated as a non-linear zero-one programming problem.
The neuropathology of schizophrenia: a critical assessment of research methodologies.

Abstract Modern neuropathology has been the recipient of several high-powered quantitative analytical techniques. If properly applied, these techniques provide experimental results with high inter-rater reliability and scientific validity. However, inadvergent methodological problems can be the cause of some of the conflicting results in the schizophrenia research literature. In the present article, we discuss some of the inconsistencies reported in the recent literature and provide suggestions for improving tissue retrieval, selection of anatomical levels, neuronal counts, and neuronometry. We emphasize the importance of shrinkage correction for individual brains and suggest caution in the interpretation of immunocytochemistry and computerized image analysis studies.
Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and its substrates in human neutrophils.

Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK) was found to be present at a high level in human neutrophils, with its activity localized in the particulate fraction. In contrast, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-PK), present at lower levels compared to PL-Ca-PK, were localized in the cytosolic fraction. Phosphorylation of several endogenous proteins (mol. wts. 89,000, 38,000, 34,000, 17,000 and 15,000), also localized in the particulate fraction, was stimulated specifically by a combination of phosphatidylserine and Ca2+, whereas no substrate proteins were observed for the calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase system under the same incubation conditions. Although no substrate proteins for G-PK were detected, one substrate (mol. wt. 19,000) for A-PK was observed. Phosphorylation of substrates for PL-Ca-PK, but not that for A-PK and for enzymes independent of Ca2+ or cyclic AMP, was inhibited by a variety of agents, including trifluoperazine, W-7 [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide], adriamycin, palmitoylcarnitine, and melittin. The present findings suggest that the phospholipidCa2+-stimulated protein phosphorylation system may be important in the membrane associated functions of human neutrophils.
Mobile augmented-reality artifact creation as a component of mobile computer-supported collaborative learning

Abstract This exploratory study examined the effectiveness of smartphone-based, AR artifact creation and other mobile collaborative learning activities in reinforcing the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of pre-service teachers. Adopting a mixed-method research design, the study indicated that mobile AR artifact creation with peer discussion tended to better promote the componential competencies of technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and the integrative development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), whereas mobile media artifact viewing with peer discussion seemed to better support the content knowledge (CK) development.
A Note on Quadratic Programming in Activation Analysis

Various statistical techniques have been employed in "activation analysis" in order to provide a better means of estimating the amounts of various pure chemical elements contained in an unknown mixture. In particular, the method of least squares has been employed extensively. However, for the most part, the usual least squares applications in activation analysis have utilized the ordinary matrix model Y = Xβ + e, under the "error" assumptions a zero means, b variances proportional to Y, and c zero covariances. In addition to the fact that assumptions b and c may lead to erroneous results, the usual applications allow only point estimation, with no provision for confidence intervals and tests for model goodness of fit. Further, the usual applications fail to eliminate the drawback that negative coefficients are sometimes obtained. The present paper sets forth an iterative quadratic programming estimation procedure that not only eliminates the necessity for assumptions b and c, but also alleviates the other above-mentioned difficulties.
Fault-tolerant meshes with minimal numbers of spares

Presents several techniques for adding fault-tolerance to distributed memory parallel computers. More formally, given a target graph with n nodes, the authors create as fault-tolerant graph with n+k nodes such that given any set of k or fewer faulty nodes, the remaining graph is guaranteed to contain the target graph as a fault-free subgraph. As a result, any algorithm designed for the target graph will run with no slowdown in the presence of k or fewer node faults, regardless of their distribution. The authors present fault-tolerant graphs for target graphs which are 2-dimensional meshes, tori, eight-connected meshes and hexagonal meshes. In all cases these fault-tolerant graphs have smaller degree than any previously known graphs with the same properties. >
Analysis of Verbal Fluency Ability in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Clustering, Switching and Semantic Proximities

The underlying nature of verbal fluency deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated in this study. Participants were 48 individuals with AD and 48 cognitively healthy older adults. Fluency performance on letter and category tasks was analyzed across two 30-s intervals for total words produced, mean cluster size, and total switches. Compared with the control group, AD participants produced fewer words and switches on both fluency tasks and had a reduced category cluster size. The AD group was differentially impaired on category compared with letter fluency and produced more repetitive responses but fewer category exemplars than controls on the category task. A multidimensional scaling approach revealed that AD participants' semantic maps were similar to controls. Overall, the data suggest that executive abilities involving search and retrieval processes and a reduced availability of semantically related words contributed to the AD group's poorer performance despite similar temporal recall and organizational patterns.
Statistical characterization for per-hop QoS

In Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture, we define the per-hop QoS as the throughput, delay, jitter, and loss rate experienced by traffic crossing a Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). In this paper, we use a statistical approach that is based on experiments on a real network testbed to characterize the per-hop QoS of a given PHB. Specifically, we employ a full factorial statistical design of experiments to study the effects of different PHB configurations and input traffic scenarios on perhop QoS. We use Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify the input and PHB configuration parameters that have the most significant influence on per-hop QoS. Then, multiple regression analysis is applied to construct models for the per-hop QoS with respect to these parameters. The overall approach is shown to be effective and capable of characterizing any given PHB, within the ranges of the experiments, and for construction of functional relationships for the PHB output parameters. The approach in this paper forms a "fundamental" step towards achieving predictable end-to-end QoS when applying statistical QoS control at intermediate nodes.
Large losses of inorganic nitrogen from tropical rainforests suggest a lack of nitrogen limitation

Inorganic nitrogen losses from many unpolluted mature tropical forests are over an order of magnitude higher than losses from analogous temperate forests. This pattern could either reflect a lack of N limitation or accelerated plant‐soil N cycling under tropical temperatures and moisture. We used a simple analytical framework of the N cycle and compared our predictions with data of N in stream waters of temperate and tropical rainforests. While the pattern could be explained by differences in N limitation, it could not be explained based on up-regulation of the internal N cycle without invoking the unlikely assumption that tropical plants are two to four times less efficient at taking up N than temperate plants. Our results contrast with the idea that a tropical climate promotes and sustains an up-regulated and leaky ‐ but N-limited ‐ internal N cycle. Instead, they are consistent with the notion that many tropical rainforests exist in a state of N saturation.
Depression Among Type 2 Diabetes Rural Appalachian Clinic Attendees

The prevalence and impact of type 2 diabetes in Appalachia is understudied despite the presence of high-risk socioeconomic conditions (e.g., low levels of education and income). Appalachian counties experience greater burdens of poverty, income inequality, unemployment (1), and diabetes compared with non-Appalachian counties (2–5). Rates of comorbid depression have not been documented in this region. Patients with type 2 diabetes are two times more likely to experience depressive symptoms than their peers without diabetes (6). Depression prevalence in studies using self-report depression inventories was found to be 32.9%, with lower rates (28.5%) observed in studies using diagnostic interview schedules (6,7). Depressive symptoms are associated with worsened blood glucose levels (8), diabetes complications (9), increased functional disability (10), worsened adherence to diabetes regimen (11), higher ambulatory care costs (12), and increased mortality (13). The current study was conducted to identify rates of self-reported depression and to identify the socioeconomic and medical correlates of depression among type 2 diabetic patients attending family medicine and endocrinology appointments from rural Appalachian counties of southeastern Ohio and West Virginia. It was hypothesized that poverty would increase the risk of comorbid depression in this region. Participants, recruited from family medicine and endocrinology practices, were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for ≥1 year and aged ≥18 …
Superparamagnetic iron oxide--myoglobin as potential nanoparticle: iron oxide--myoglobin binding properties and magnetic resonance imaging marker in mouse imaging

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3) has emerged as a potential MRI contrast agent in whole animal imaging. We achieved initial success in binding superparamagnetic iron oxide with myoglobin antibody (SPIOM) in order to develop it as a possible MRI contrast agent. In this paper, we highlight the binding properties of iron oxide with myoglobin and their pH dependence shown by Raman spectroscopy and MRI imaging. The use of iron oxide--myoglobin superparamagnetic particles as a contrast agent was developed in order to visualize its myoglobin distribution within a mouse heart using MRI imager at 11.7 Tesla. To validate the MRI visualization, the MRI imaging of iron-oxide bound myoglobin SPIOM phantom was carried out using capillaries filled with contrast agent at pH 7 and pH 4. The MRI imaging can serve as a reference to measure the density distribution of myoglobin at different SPIOM concentrations in the mouse's body, especially its heart and blood vessels. We report the technical details of SPIOM and its p...
Why a nonlinear solution for a linear problem? [channel equalization]

We emphasize a key point that when there is noise in the system, even if the system is linear, a nonlinear solution is more desirable. We derive a simple expression that shows that for a linear regression model, the logistic nonlinearity will be the natural match for modeling posterior class probabilities, and that the steepness of this logistic function is inversely proportional to the level of noise in the system. We note a problem that matches this data generation mechanism, equalization of an infinite impulse response channel, and show that for this example, the logistic type equalizer not only achieves lower bit error rate than its linear counterpart but is very efficient as well.
The other medicine: complementary and alternative--why, why not?

The “other” medicine has been called ambiguous, unproven, unconventional, unorthodox, traditional, integrative, holistic, alternative, and complementary. “Ambiguous” has been used because it includes a wide variety of unconventional therapies. “Unproven” refers to the fact that most of the modalities have not been substantiated scientifically. Many have been in use long before randomized, double-blind clinical trials became the vogue. “Unproven” is also not a valid descriptor, because much of “conventional” medicine has not been rigorously evaluated either. These forms of therapy are unconventional, unorthodox, and traditional only when judged in the context of Western standards. The term “unconventional” was the label used in the first national survey of these forms of care.1 “Integrative” implies that these separate disciplines and conventional medicine can be used together. Although this is not possible today, such blending could occur in the future. That the body cannot be reduced to the sum of its discrete elements is the basis of holism. Diagnosis and treatment in this modality are derived from organ function. These organs, however, do not correlate with actual organs and their anatomic locations.2 Some object to the designation “alternative” because it implies that this form of therapy could be used as a substitute for conventional medicine. So long as it remains unproven, it cannot be considered a substitute. A more recent appellation is “complementary” medicine. This designation suggests that it can be used in conjunction with conventional therapy.3 “Complementary” was originally defined as interventions not taught in North American medical schools, not generally available in hospitals, and not covered by insurance.4 This definition has recently become inappropriate because the “other” medicine is now taught in 60% of medical schools, and many hospitals have created or are in the process of creating programs that incorporate these disciplines.5 Both the terms “complementary” and “alternative” have been recently used to designate a new center at the National Institutes of Health, which oversees research in this area. Although these terms are becoming more widely used, there appears to be no universally acceptable generic designation for this other medicine.2 It is probably best to designate these various modalities by their specific names.
Metacognitive Knowledge and Field-based Science Learning in an Outdoor Environmental Education Program

We examined the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and learning in a field-based environmental education program. Students (N = 134) in 4th and 5th grades completed the 12-item Jr. MAI (Sperling et al. Contemp Educ Psychol 27:51–79, 2002) prior to a half-day science field trip on a floating classroom at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. The Jr. MAI assessed students’ knowledge and regulation of cognition. Students also completed pre- and posttest attitude and knowledge scales. Significant gains occurred for attitudes and knowledge at each grade. Metacognitive knowledge was correlated with attitudes and posttest knowledge scores; whereas regulation of cognition scores was uncorrelated with these measures at the 4th grade. These findings supported two conclusions. One is that metacognitive knowledge is correlated with students’ pre- and posttest attitudes and learning in a field-based science program. The second is that the knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition were correlated significantly. These findings are discussed with respect to using the Jr. MAI as a predictor of field-based learning and the role of metacognitive knowledge in facilitating student science learning. The notion of metacognition applied in this study is reflected in the Jr. MAI instrument that assesses students’ knowledge and regulation of cognition. Knowledge of cognition refers to what we know about our cognition and usually includes three subcomponents: declarative knowledge (i.e., knowledge about oneself as a learner and what factors influence one’s performance), procedural knowledge, and conditional knowledge. Regulation of cognition includes at least three components, planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
Inverse Scattering Solutions Using Holographic Data

We present a new method for solving inverse scattering problems in wavevector space for both coherent and incoherent illuminations. Using the solution and holographic data, we experimentally demonstrate 3D cell reconstructions and extend it for 4D imaging.
VISUALIZATION OF THE ENTRAINING FLOW IN THE SELF-PRESERVING REGION OF A TURBULENT PLANE JET

By use of smoke-wires outside the turbulent region of a plane air jet, the entraining fluid was marked and thus the passage of turbulent large-scale structures was detected from the contortions of the turbulent-non-turbulent interface. These structures were observed to be highly three-dimensional, having considerable amount of streamwise vorticity in the trailing region. The occurrence of these structures was highly non-periodic with no detectable correlation between their occurrence across the centerline. The engulfment of the entraining nonturbulent fluid takes place predominantly in the trailing region of the coherent structures. Even though the details remain to be established, this study reveals that the large-scale coherent structures in the self-preserving region of the plane jet is highly complex.
SDI for Conserving Water in Corn Production

On-farm water savings of 20–25% can be obtained with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for corn production on the deep silt loam soils of the semi-arid Great Plains (United States) through a combination of reducing non-beneficial water balance components and better usage of precipitation. The conjunctive use of SDI with appropriate nitrogen fertigation strategies resulted in optimization of corn yield, nitrogen uptake and water use efficiency at an irrigation level of approximately 75% of normal. A field study indicated a differential response in corn yield and water use for SDI and low energy precision application (LEPA) sprinkler irrigation as affected by weather conditions. SDI had approximately 6% yield advantage (0.9 Mg/ha) over LEPA in three normal to wet years while reducing crop water use by 4% (30 mm). Conversely, LEPA had approximately 7% yield advantage (1.0 Mg/ha) over SDI in four extreme drought years but with increased crop water use of 4% (27 mm). More research is needed to explain the differential response of the two system types.
The outcome of matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies using molecular typing for donor selection and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimen of cyclosporine, methotrexate, and prednisone

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major obstacle to successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from matched unrelated donor (MUD). Currently available HLA-A, -B, and -DR serologic testing may not be sensitive enough to detect clinically relevant donor/recipient (D/R) nonidentity. Better HLA matching of D/R pairs using molecular typing for class II antigens in combination with intensive GVHD prophylaxis may potentially reduce the incidence of GVHD and lead to an improved outcome of MUD transplantation. Between July 1991 and August 1993, thirty consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies underwent MUD transplantation from donors who were identical for HLA -A, -B, and -DR by serologic typing. Twenty-five D/R pairs were matched for DRB and DQB by molecular typing (restriction fragment-length polymorphism and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization analyses), whereas five were allele mismatched at either DRB or DQB. All patients also received GVHD prophylaxis with the combination of cyclosporine (CSA), methotrexate (MTX), and prednisone (PSE). The median age was 35 years (range, 15 to 50). The diagnoses were: chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP) (16), CML in more than CP (3), acute leukemia in more than first complete remission (CR) (8), acute leukemia in first CR (1), and advanced high-grade lymphoma (2). The preparative regimen consisted of 1,320 cGy fractionated total body irradiation (FTBI) and 60 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) daily for 2 days in 17 good-risk patients (CML/CP and acute leukemia first CR); and 1,320 cGy FTBI in combination with 60 mg/kg etoposide and 20 to 60 mg/kg CY in 13 patients with advanced leukemia and lymphoma. All patients received CSA, PSE, and MTX on days 1, 3, 6 for GVHD prophylaxis, and 10 patients also received day +11 MTX. All patients engrafted except one who died early of regimen-related toxicity. The incidence of grade III or IV acute GVHD was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10% to 44%) and that of extensive chronic GVHD was 65% (95% CI, 43% to 84%). At a median follow-up of 13.6 months, 57% of the patients are alive in remission with a median Karnofsky performance status of 90%. The cumulative probability of 2-year disease-free survival for all patients was 53% (95%) CI, 33% to 71%); for good-risk patients, 71% (95% CI, 46% to 87%) and for the poor-risk group, 34% (95% CI, 13% to 64%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The role of the urologist in the diagnosis and treatment of pseudohermaphroditism.

Some principles governing the diagnosis and the medical and surgical treatment of male and female pseudohermaphroditism are presented.The urologist consulted concerning an individual who exhibits some form of abnormal sex differentiation faces the following problems: differential diagnosis between female pseudohermaphroditism with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other types of hermaphroditism, selection of the sex of rearing in the absence of adrenal hyperplasia, psychologic management of patient and parents, application of surgical procedures, and use of sex hormones at puberty.
Voltage Impacts of Utility-Scale Distributed Wind

Although most utility-scale wind turbines in the United States are added at the transmission level in large wind power plants, distributed wind power offers an alternative that could increase the overall wind power penetration without the need for additional transmission. This report examines the distribution feeder-level voltage issues that can arise when adding utility-scale wind turbines to the distribution system. Four of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory taxonomy feeders were examined in detail to study the voltage issues associated with adding wind turbines at different distances from the sub-station. General rules relating feeder resistance up to the point of turbine interconnection to the expected maximum voltage change levels were developed. Additional analysis examined line and transformer overvoltage conditions.
Anesthetic management of 877 pediatric patients undergoing muscle biopsy for neuromuscular disorders: a 20-year review.

Summary Background The objectives are to review the anesthetic management and anesthetic-related adverse events in patients undergoing muscle biopsy for a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Aim The study aims to assess the hypothesis that perceived awareness of potential anesthesia-induced hyperkalemia and MH in patients with NMD reduces the frequency of such events. Methods A 20-year retrospective review of 877 consecutive patients undergoing muscle biopsy to establish diagnoses of NMD has been performed. Patients were categorized prebiopsy into six groups: M (myopathy and muscular dystrophy), MM (mitochondrial or metabolic myopathy), N (neurodegenerative, peripheral neuropathy or spinal muscular atrophy disorder), D (dermatomyositis), C (cardiomyopathy), or S (seizure disorder). Data were collected for demographics, anesthetic management, pre- and postoperative anesthesia-induced muscle injury, postbiopsy histopathologic diagnosis, and concordance comparisons between pre- and postbiopsy diagnoses. Results There were 513 males (58.5%) and 364 females (41.5%) (1.4:1) with 137 individuals (15.6%) operated on under 1 year of age and two-thirds by 6 years of age. NMD diagnosis was reached in 409 (46.6%) while 468 (53.4%) had no specific pathology. No patients exhibited signs of anesthesia-induced muscle injury (malignant hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrest, or postoperative deterioration of weakness). MM was the largest group pre biopsy (367, 41.8%). Anesthetic agents were: nitrous oxide in 657 (74.9%); volatile agents in 139 (15.8%); intravenous agents in 836 (95.3%) (primarily propofol, midazolam, and fentanyl); nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in 404 (46.1%); and regional anesthesia in 112 (12.8%) [most commonly spinal anesthesia in 80 (71.4%)]. Comparing preoperative diagnostic category with postoperative diagnosis, there was a concordance of 78% (319/409) between the two for cases with a definitive diagnosis and 89.7% (787/877) for all cases. Conclusions In this retrospective study, no patient exhibited signs or symptoms of hyperkalemia or MH probably because the incidence is very low and becomes even less likely due to the selection of the various anesthetic agents and strategies administered.
THE IMPACT OF PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT PROGRAM ON COPING STRATEGIES, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND STRESS LEVEL IN ADOLESCENCE

The article analyses development of coping strategies and coping resources using in adolescence. Adolescents are often not able to cope with stressful situations because their coping strategies still forming, that leads to academic performance reduction. Therefore, a pedagogical support program for developing coping strategies in adolescents is crucial, and it was elaborated and approved as a formative experiment method. Results revealed that after the implementation of pedagogical support program in the experimental group there were identified effective coping strategies. Also, it was observed that the academic achievement level increased and the stress level decreased in the experimental group.
Fixed Effects Logistic Regression Model

If a researcher wants to know whether watching violent television has an impact on juvenile delinquency, that researcher could compare a student’s delinquency rate when he/she is watching violent television with his/her delinquency rate when not watching. The difference in delinquency rates between the two periods is an estimate of the violent television effect for that student. Similarly, a researcher might want to know how a child’s performance in school differs depending on how much time he/she spends playing video games. The researcher could compare how the child does when spending significant time playing video games versus when he/she does not watch violent television. Fixed effects logistic regression models are presented for both of these scenarios. These models treat each measurement on each subject as a separate observation, and the set of subject coefficients that would appear in an unconditional model are eliminated by conditional methods. This is a conditional, subject-specific model (as opposed to a population-averaged model like the GEE model). We fit this model in SAS, SPSS, and R. An excellent discussion with examples can be found in Allison (Fixed effects regression methods for longitudinal data using SAS, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2005).
Unique enzymes of purified microsomes from pig fundic mucosa. K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase and K+-stimulated pNPPase.

Microsomal fractions from homogenates of pig gastric fundic mucosa showed high levels of K + -stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase) and K + -stimulated phosphatase. Similar preparations from antral mucosa showed virtually no such activity. Because of mitochondrial contamination the fundic microsomes were further separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. A low density band of membranes (peak 1.12 to 1.13 g per ml) possessed all of the K + -stimulated enzyme activities. Morphological features and the abundant glycoproteins of the low density microsomes suggested they might be derived from the tubulovesicles of oxyntic cells. Mitochondrial and ribosomal markers were associated with membranes with much higher densities (>1.22). The K + -stimulated ATPase has a pH optimum of 7.5 and required Mg ++ , but neither Na + nor ouabain had any appreciable effect on the activity. Stimulation of basal ATPase by K + ranged from 1.5 to 3.0-fold with an apparent K a for activation between 0.2 to 0.4 mM K + . Addition of various K + ionophoretic substances (e.g., gramicidin) produced further stimulation of ΚATPase up to 6 times the basal rate. The mean activities for seven separate preparations of purified low density pig fundic microsomes were as follows (micromoles of ATP hydrolyzed per mg protein per hr ± sem); basal ATPase, 15.8 ± 2.8; plus 10 mm K + , 29.3 ± 4.5; plus 10 mm K + and 10 ˗5 m gramicidin, 45.2 ± 5.2. Neither the basal ATPase nor the K + -stimulated rates were altered by HC0 3 ˗ or Cl ˗ . The occurrence of these active and unique enzyme activities in the oxyntic region of gastric mucosa suggests some relation with secretory activity. Possible functional roles are discussed.
Growth and Maintenance Respiration: a Reconciliation of Thornley's Model and the Traditional View

There are two competing views of the growth and maintenance aspects of plant respiration : a traditional view based on growth analysis which relates respiration to whole plant dry weight and a differential equation formulation which distinguishes between storage material that may be used for growth, non-degradable structure, and degradable structure that degrades at some rate and may be recycled. It is shown how and under what conditions these two mathematical models may be reconciled. Suggestions are made for improving both models.
“Mais amor e mais tesão”: a construção de um movimento brasileiro de gays, lésbicas e travestis

ResumoO movimento de gays, lesbicas e travestis surgiu em 1978 no meio da abertura politica e da oposicao a ditadura militar. A publicacao do jornal mensal Lampiao da Esquina voltado aos homossexuais, e as influencias de movimentos politicos e sociais nacionais e o movimento gay-lesbicas internacional inspiraram a formacao em Sao Paulo do Grupo Somos: Grupo de Afirmacao Homossexual – a primeira organizacao politica dos gays e lesbicas duradoura e bem-sucedida no pais. Em seguida, surgiram outros grupos, mas divergencias politicas sobre os rumos do movimento desanimaram muitos participantes, levando a um declinio dramatico de atividades no comeco dos anos 80. A resposta a AIDS e a violencia contra gays, lesbicas e travestis, em meados dos anos 80, reanimou o movimento que comecou a se reorganizar nos anos 90, formando a Associacao Brasileira de Gays, Lesbicas e Travestis, que expandiu sua participacao internacional e organizou a marcha de 110000 em Sao Paulo em junho de 2000. Abstract The movement of gays, lesbians and transvestites emerged in 1978 in the midst of the political liberalization and opposition to the military dictatorship. The publication of the monthly newspaper Lampiao da Esquina directed toward gays, the influences of national political and social movements and the international gay and lesbian movement inspired the founding in Sao Paulo of Somos (We Are): Homosexual Affirmation Group. Soon thereafter other groups came into being, but political differences about the direction of the movement discouraged many participants and there was a dramatic decline in activities at the beginning of the 80s. In response to AIDS and violence against gays, lesbians and transvestites in the mid-80s, the movement took on new life and began to reorganize in the 90s, forming the Brazilian Association of Gays, Lesbians, and Transvestites, expanding its participation in international activities, and organizing the march of 110,000 in Sao Paulo in June 2000.
An InP-based HBT fab for high-speed digital, analog, mixed-signal, and optoelectronic ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) utilizing indium phosphide based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have set numerous speed and bandwidth records over the past several years. This paper describes the extension of that HBT IC technology to an IC fabrication capability which is quite versatile in being able to produce digital, analog, mixed signal, and optoelectronic ICs within the same process. This enables the fab line to quickly respond to varying demands. Three ICs are discussed which exemplify the capability of this fab: (1) a 7 GHz 12-bit accumulator; (2) a nearly ideal continuous-time-sampling second-order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator operating at a 3.2 GHz sample rate; and (3) a monolithic 4-channel optoelectronic receiver array capable of 20 Gb/s operation.
The Bar Construction and Affine Stacks

We discuss the equivalence of two constructions of a unipotent group scheme attached to a differential graded algebra over a ℚ-algebra. The first construction is using the bar resolution and the second is using Toen's theory of affine stacks. We use this to establish the equivalence of two approaches to the comparison theorem in p-adic Hodge theory for the unipotent fundamental group of varieties defined over p-adic fields.