cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assaults in hospitals

Psychiatric News reported several deaths of psychiatrists at the hands of their patients in 1982. This year a psychiatry resident was murdered by a patient in her office. Two years ago an intern was the fatal victim of a former psychiatric patient as he worked in a Kansas City emergency room. These striking reports do little to describe accurately the incidence and severity of assaults in hospitals. There is a need for valid, reliable data concerning potential dangers to psychiatrists, other medical staff, and patients in medical care settings. It is important to know the baselines from which to measure deviations in assault incidence, to discuss what is being done to whom, and to prevent and manage such situations. Unfortunately, most common sense approaches to this problem have limited usefulness. Bromides such as "paranoids are more dangerous" or "female staff hardly ever get assaulted" may have some merit in certain situations; however, our group is now fairly certain that one should put only very limited credence in any of them. One reason for the limited value of these sayings has to do with the great range of health care settings in which violence may occur. In addition, different ways of defining and reporting assaultive incidents significantly alter the form and content of one's results. Recent studies have reported rates of significant assault as low as 25 cases per 27,000 patients per ten years. I Most studies have found a higher incidence. 2 -4 In a large survey of clinicians, one of us (W.H.R.) found data to agree with other investigators that up to one-half of all psychiatrists experience at least one serious assault during their careers. S Tardiff and Sweillam 4 report that about 7.5 percent of patients in the New York State hospital system have committed at least one assault in the hospital. Finally, unpublished data from the Veterans Administration indicates some 12,000 assaultive incidents were reported within the system over a recent five-year period.
Sex-specific features of emphysema among current and former smokers with COPD.

Recent studies suggest that males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have more emphysema than females. It is not known if these differences persist across degrees of COPD severity. Our aim was to identify sex-specific differences in quantitative emphysema within COPD subgroups based on COPD severity.We included non-Hispanic white and African-American subjects from the COPDGene study with at least 10 pack-years of smoking and COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometry grade II or greater. We examined sex-specific differences in log-transformed emphysema (log per cent low-attenuation area (%LAA)) by GOLD spirometry grade among subjects with early-onset COPD ( 25% emphysema).Compared with females, males had higher log %LAA: overall (1.97±1.4 versus 1.69±1.6, β=0.32 (0.04), p=1.34×10(-14)), and among non-Hispanic white (p=8.37×10(-14)) and African-American subjects (p=0.002). Females with early-onset COPD, severe emphysema and GOLD grade IV COPD had similar emphysema as males, but markedly fewer pack-years smoking (early-onset, p=0.01; severe emphysema and GOLD grade IV, p<0.001).This study identifies subsets of female smokers with COPD who are particularly susceptible to parenchymal destruction.
Social Networking Practices in School Psychology: Have Moral Panic Concerns Been Overstated?

ABSTRACTThe almost ubiquitous use of Facebook and other social networking sites (SNSs) by adults in the United States raises important practice considerations for school psychologists. This study examined the SNS practices of school psychologists, graduate trainers, and graduate students to explore (a) SNS use training experiences for school professionals, (b) personal and work-related social networking practices, (c) concerns about potential damage related to SNS use, and (d) beliefs regarding the use of SNSs in professional and preprofessional evaluations. Findings suggest that problematic behaviors on SNSs are more the exception than the norm among these groups. These results are discussed in the context of the literature on SNS practices in professional psychology and moral panic. Practice implications and recommendations are provided.
User experience with web browsing on small screens

The efficiency of web surfing with a smartphone depends heavily on how well a website is structured. With the goal of understanding the effects of mobile-page and homepage designs on small-screen devices, we conducted two experimental studies to examine how users evaluated interface designs that are widely used on mobile news websites. We found that the designs for mobile news pages and the structures for website homepages can have a significant impact on perceived ease of use, reading time, and the overall reading experience. Based on the evaluation results and the analysis of the current interface design for popular mobile news websites, we developed two important guidelines for mobile news websites: (1) the single-page design is favored over the multi-page and zooming designs for displaying text-based information, and (2) a homepage with a thumbnail design facilitates information processing better than the progressive and list-view designs. Our research provides valuable empirical evaluations that help interface designers understand the potential impact of various interface designs on user experience. We also identified several directions related to interface design for future investigation.
On the Sampling Distribution of the Mode and Its Use with Standard Times

Abstract The mode - the most likely value—of the distribution of task times is proposed as the definition of the standard time in certain nonmanufacturing applications. Three objectives of the use of time standards are discussed: personnel motivation and control, short-term work scheduling, and medium-range manpower planning. While the mean is the appropriate measure for the second and third, the mode may be preferable for the first. The sampling distributions of two estimators of the mode of the gamma distribution are investigated. A definition based on the maximum likelihood estimators of the distributional parameters is relatively easy to implement and has a much smaller sampling variance than the Pearson mode.
PROTOSTELIUM NOCTURNUM, A NEW, MINUTE, BALLISTOSPOROUS PROTOSTELID

Protostelium nocturnum sp. nov. differs from the closely related P. mycophaga primarily by its small size and its mode of active spore dispersal. Protostelium nocturnum shows a strong tendency to fruit during dark periods, and the possible adaptive significance of this trait is discussed.
Consonance-Based Spectral Mappings

This article presents a method of mapping the spectrum of a sound so as to make it tonally consonant with a given specified reference spectrum. One application is to transform inharmonic sounds into harmonic equivalents. Alternatively, this method can be used to create inharmonic instruments that retain much of the tonal quality of familiar (harmonic) instruments. Musical uses of such timbres are discussed, and forms of (inharmonic) modulation are presented. A series of sound examples demonstrate both the breadth and limitations of the method. [Sound examples will be included on the forthcoming compact disc for Volume 22 of Computer Music Journal.-Ed.]
Influence of Transformer Bushing Capacitive Fault on Frequency Response Curves

To investigate the influence of bushing capacitive fault on frequency response curves,a testing system for detecting transformer winding deformation based on frequency response analysis(FRA)is developed.The correlation coefficient is introduced as a criterion to evaluate the influence of bushing capacitive faults on transformer winding deformation diagnosis.Taking a transformer with capacitive faults in bushing as example,the changed frequency response curves are theoretically analyzed when excitation source is located at the bushing guide-bar and tap respectively.The results show that frequency response curves are insensitive to bushing capacitive faults in frequency range of 1kHz~1 MHz while the busing guide-bar is used as the signal injection port;the amplitudes of the frequency response curves increase significantly in the whole band,especially in the frequency range of 1~25kHz while the tap of bushing with capacitive faults is acted as the signal injection port,which usually leads to misjudgments of transformer winding deformation by the correlation coefficients of the transfer functions,and the frequency response curves caused by bushing capacitive fault are different from those caused bywinding deformation.
Fun with software developers and biometrics: invited talk

The use of low-cost, widely available, biometric sensors has skyrocketed over the past few years, enabling anyone to measure how their physiological signals change as they go about their daily lives. We use these sensors to understand software development activities, however, their use is not straightforward, nor is it easy. In this paper, we introduce some common sensors, along with some difficulties we encountered in using them in our experiments as well as how we worked past them. We call on everyone in our community to share best practices in sensor application and analysis in order to enable our field to grow as quickly as possible while producing robust, reliable results.
Parkinson's disease: evaluation and therapeutic strategy.

A “designer drug” that touched off a mysterious epidemic of parkinsonism has provided insights into a basic pathologic process of the disease—destruction of dopaminergic neurons. These insights have also helped correlate clinical approaches with biomedical events, opening the way for development of more effective pharmacologic agents for a still relentlessly progressive disorder.
Prostaglandin E2 integrates the effects of fluid distension and glucocorticoid on lung maturation.

Both glucocorticoids and alveolar fluid distension affect the rate of fetal lung maturation, possibly representing a common cellular pathway. In an explant culture, there is a spontaneous increase ...
Case 21: Elementary

You are doing a clinical research study to establish if using your personal ultraviolet (UV) camera can make the intravenous (IV) insertion of an IV catheter easier than using the department’s ultrasound. The study is done in the preoperative holding area, in a separate room. The study is nearly completed and no clear advantage of the UV camera can be ascertained.
Development and application of low voltage power line communication test system

According to the characteristics of communication channel, it researched communication performance test method of low voltage power line in smart grid construction. The spectrum scan combination algorithm based on fixed time interval communication was proposed. It designed carrier communication test system to test communication performance of carrier module and developed automatic test software of the system. The system changed communication channel parameters and tested the maximum level of three kinds of carrier technology solutions with different center frequency. The results show that the system can accurately test the operation parameters of acquisition terminals and smart meters.
Renal clearable noble metal nanoparticles: photoluminescence, elimination, and biomedical applications

Metal nanoparticles have demonstrated broad and promising biomedical applications in research laboratories, but how to fulfill their promises in the clinical practices demands extensive effort to minimize their non-specific accumulation in the body. In the past 6 years, we have developed a class of renal clearable noble metal nanoparticles with tunable visible and near-infrared emission, which can behave like small molecular contrast agents to be effectively eliminated through the kidneys. By taking advantage of the unique clearance pathway, we were able to gain some fundamental understanding of how engineering nanoparticles cleared out of the body through urinary system. Moreover, they also provided unique opportunities in early cancer detection and kidney functional imaging that were often challenging to be achieved with non-renal clearable nanoparticles and small molecular probes. In this review, we summarize key factors that govern in the renal clearance of luminescent noble metal nanoparticles and their strengths in cancer targeting and kidney functional imaging. At the end, we also outline several key challenges that need to be addressed before they can be considered in the clinical practices. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Rethinking Online Code Editors for Authoring Web-Based Multimedia Presentations

In this demo, we present an online code editor that dynamically identifies and patches simple modifications in the source code of a Web document containing time-based elements (e.g., CSS3 and SVG animations, HTML5 audio and video) without the need to restart the playback of the whole document from the beginning. We hope that the functionalities shown in this demo can make learning to code more attractive.
Menopause and Multiple Sclerosis

A majority of women develop multiple sclerosis (MS) during the childbearing years, i.e., prior to the menopause transition. During this transition, there can be an overlap in MS and menopausal symptoms (such as bladder dysfunction, mood changes, or cognitive complaints). Menopause also represents a time of personal, familial, and professional changes for many women. It thus may provide a window during which to reassess and optimize clinical and rehabilitative goals for women with MS. Finally, although not enough is known in MS, there is evidence in healthy women that menopause, particularly if occurring early or as a result of surgical intervention, may accelerate the pace of neurodegeneration. This chapter reviews the few studies of menopause in MS and provides some empiric suggestions to guide healthcare providers.
MSE on the Move

The new Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) will attract top faculty and stu­ dents, foster collaboration between researchers, increase research funding, and provide infrastructure and space to facilitate these aims. The ICTAS Initiative at Virginia Tech (led by the College of Engineering) will involve the construction of several new buildings comprising a multi-disciplinary research laboratory and a 15,000 ft 2 state-of-the-art Advanced Materials Characterization Facility (AMCF). The AMCF facility will be formed by a collection of new and existing tools for processing, characterizing, and testing materials at the macro, micro, and nanometer scales. Of the expected cost of $12M in equipment for the AMCF, the University has already provided $3.2M to purchase a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and an ion microprobe. The equipment to be housed in the AMCF includes
Relationship Quality: Implications for Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorders

Substantial research has shown that both the presence and quality of close relationships are critical for optimal physical health and well-being. When considering the pathways linking close relationships with health, the extant research has primarily focused on pathways such as health behaviors or physiological stress responses that are measured during the daytime, but has largely neglected potential nighttime pathways. However, we spend roughly one-third of our lives in bed, and for many, sleep is a shared health behavior with a spouse or partner. Sleep is a quintessential restorative health behavior, yet until recently, there has been very little systematic study of the dyadic nature of sleep. Therefore, the purpose of the present chapter is to provide a review of the literature on current findings related to the dyadic nature of sleep and the implications for relationship health, as well as to provide a heuristic framework for guiding future research that considers how sleep and close relationships may dynamically interact, and ultimately shape health and well-being.
Creep and shrinkage of lightweight self-consolidating concrete for prestressed members

Abstract Creep, shrinkage, and prestress losses were measured for lightweight (LWSCC) and normalweight self-consolidating concrete (SCC). A slight expansion was observed for LWSCC at early ages (less than 24 h), but a 100–300 microstrain larger total shrinkage compared to SCC was measured at one year of age for measurements beginning at one day in all environmental conditions. Greater total creep, but a smaller creep coefficient was observed for LWSCC compared to SCC. The creep coefficients at one year for specimens loaded at one day were 2.0 for LWSCC and 2.9 for SCC. Experimentally measured creep, shrinkage, and prestress losses were compared to ACI and AASHTO provisions to assess the suitability of the current provisions for LWSCC.
Including Law in the Mix: The Role of Law, Lawyers, and Legal Training in Child Advocacy

This chapter describes the recent trends in family law scholarship, training, and practice. The first section of this chapter provides an overview of the scope of modern family law and the range of skills brought by lawyers. The second section considers the legal profession’s interest in using its collective talents to improve children’s lives in context of the broader intellectual trends in thinking about family issues. In the third section, I describe the current goals of legal education, explain why law schools should offer interdisciplinary training to students who plan to work in family law, and discuss some innovative multidisciplinary programs for training students in child and family law and advocacy.
Asking a big question with a small satellite

HaloSat, NASA’s first astrophysics-focused CubeSat mission — the size of a small briefcase — will survey the Milky Way’s halo in order to assess its complement of hot baryons, explains Principal Investigator Philip Kaaret.
FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY MEASURED BY THE SHORT PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY (SPPB) AND NOT CARDIAC PARAMETERS ARE INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH TRANSTHYRETIN CARDIOMYOPATHY

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is an underdiagnosed, fatal disease caused by the deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in the heart that predominately afflicts older adults. It can be hereditary due to mutations in the TTR gene (ATTRm) or acquired (ATTRwt). It is associated
Weighty Anti-Feminism, Weighty Contradictions: Anti-Fat Coverage and Invective in US Right-Wing Populist Outlets

On August 14, 2017, Breitbart News, a right wing populist US-based website, published a story about Princeton University’s DAN 312: “Fat – The ‘F’ Word and the Public Body,” my interdisciplinary hu...
Historiography and Approaches to the British Mandate in Palestine: new questions and frameworks

On the centennial of British administration in Palestine, reflections on the subsequent military and then civil government should be linked with the prevailing reality that the geographical territo...
Electrochemistry Applied to Medical Diagnostics

The present discussion is limited to direct applications of electrochemical sensors for measuring analytes. Measurement of electroactive species produced by reactions outside of the integrated sensor is not considered.
On the Violation of Hard Deadlines in Networked Control Systems

Many control applications demand stringent latency and reliability requirements that cannot be met by existing wireless technologies. Prior work has modeled a pilot-assisted, variable-rate communication procedure that describes the transmission of commands from a centralized controller to a number of agents (e.g. actuators) through a number of access points (APs). This procedure comprises two phases with pre-allocated time budgets per transmission cycle. There is a training phase where channel states between AP-agent pairs are estimated, and a downlink phase where the commands are sequentially transmitted at adapted rates before the start of a new cycle &#x2014; a hard deadline. System reliability is compromised, though, when the agents fail to receive the controller's commands before the start of a subsequent cycle. In this paper, we calculate a closed-form expression for the probability of hard-deadline violation when there are two agents. We find upper and lower bounds on this probability when there are more agents. We observe that these bounds approximate the probability of hard-deadline violation which reflects the reliability of the system.
Decentralized Computing Techniques in Support of Cyber-Physical Security for Electric and Autonomous Vehicles

Modern automobiles include a number of computers, i.e. Electronic Control Units (ECUs), interconnected by a common Controller Area Network (CAN). This CAN was designed in an era when there was no concept of the connected car. Connecting modern cars to the Internet opens the door to new cyber threats the CAN is ill prepared to protect against. Electric vehicles are no different in this respect, and many of the emerging autonomous vehicles will be electric too. Inexpensive diagnostic security monitoring (DSM) computers added to a vehicle and using decentralized computing techniques offer solutions to detect and analyze vehicular cyber attacks. This paper describes Decentralized Security Exchange (DSE) to efficiently support cyber-physical security for vehicles, including any electric, autonomous or conventional vehicle having a CAN bus. The performance of DSE for various levels of speculative computing replication aggressiveness is analyzed. The importance of the DSE solution for vehicles, especially during disaster scenarios is explained, as is its relevance to public confidence in green energy technologies.
Detection of Nucleophosmin Gene Mutations in Plasma from Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Significance and Implications.

Nucleotides insertion in the nucleophosphamin (NPM1) gene has been reported in about one third of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Multiple studies showed that the presence of NPM1 mutations associated with better outcome in patients with AML. Studies reported to date have analyzed leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood. We tested for mutations in the NPM1 gene using peripheral blood plasma and compared results with clinical outcome from a single institution. Analyzing plasma from 98 newly diagnosed patient with AML showed NPM1 mutation in 24 (23%) of patient while only one (4%) of 28 previously untreated patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showed NPM1 mutation. Compared with peripheral blood cells, 2 (8%) of the 24 positive patients were negative by cells; none were positive by cells and negative by plasma. Most of the mutations detected (45%) were in patients with FAB classification M2, M4 and M5. In addition to the reported 4 bp insertion, we also detected 4 bp deletion in one patient in cells and plasma. Patients with NPM1 mutation had a significantly higher white blood cell count ( P = 0.0009) and a higher blast count in peripheral blood ( P = 0.002) and in bone marrow ( P = 0.002). Blasts in patients with NPM1 mutant expressed lower levels of HLA-DR ( P = 0.005), CD13 ( P = 0.02) and CD34 ( P P = 0.0004). Patients with NPM1 mutation appear to have better chance of responding to standard therapy ( P = 0.06). Event free survival of patients with NPM1 mutation was longer ( P = 0.056) than in patients with intermediate cytogenetic abnormalities. The most striking difference in survival was in patients who required >35 days to respond to therapy (Figure). Survival was significantly longer in patients with NPM1 mutation requiring >35 days to respond ( P = 0.027). This data not only support that NPM1 plays a significant role in the biology and clinical behavior of AML, but also show that plasma DNA is enriched with leukemia-specific DNA and is a reliable source for testing.
Causal Inference via Conditional Kolmogorov Complexity using MDL Binning

Recent developments have linked causal inference with Algorithmic Information Theory, and methods have been developed that utilize Conditional Kolmogorov Complexity to determine causation between two random variables. We present a method for inferring causal direction between continuous variables by using an MDL Binning technique for data discretization and complexity calculation. Our method captures the shape of the data and uses it to determine which variable has more information about the other. Its high predictive performance and robustness is shown on several real world use cases.
Something Phish-y is Going On Here: A Teaching Case on Business Email Compromise

This case utilizes a real-world example of a cyberfraud incident at a U.S. public company. The company was the victim of a Business Email Compromise (BEC) scheme in which an employee inadvertently ...
Utility of discovery approach using proteomics to create a biomarker profile for coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Abstract Introduction Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a complex disease, difficult to diagnose and often requires advanced imaging. We used mass spectrometry (MS) using discovery approach to search for serum proteins as potential biomarkers in these patients. Methods We used serum samples from 10 patients with CMD and 10 with normal coronary flow reserve (CFR) admitted to an observation unit where acute myocardial infarction was excluded. We identified CMD using 82Rb positron emission tomography/computed tomography as CFR Results Baseline characteristics were not different between cases and controls, except for beta-blocker use and which was higher in cases, and mean (SD) CFR which was lower in cases [1.19 (0.23) and 2.78 (0.78) in cases and controls respectively; p Conclusion Mass spectrometry using discovery approach may not be an adequate method for quantitative assessment of serum proteins in CMD patients. Future MS studies should evaluate other approaches including tissue samples or serial measurements.
The intersection of agent based models and fuzzy cognitive maps: a review of an emerging hybrid modeling practice

Agent Based Modeling (ABMs) and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) are complementary modeling techniques: the former represents interacting agents across a landscape over time but does not specify how to encapsulate subjective behaviors in agents, whereas the latter can model a subjective behavior but lacks the ability to scale it to a population or do it over time. These techniques are increasingly used together, particularly as hybrid models. We propose the first review of this emerging practice and identified 31 articles that combined the two techniques. Our analysis revealed three different high-level architectures to structure the combined use of ABMs and FCMs, such as using an interface or embedding an FCM into each agent. Our review provides a snapshot of an emerging field, thus assembling the evidence-base to identify potential areas for future work, such as consolidating and standardizing software development efforts in a currently fragmented field.
Awakening the Entrepreneur Within: Entrepreneurial Identity Aspiration and the Role of Displacing Work Events

This study develops and tests a model of the transition from paid employment to entrepreneurship using a sample of 226 adults currently in paid employment. Building on a seminal but largely untested insight from Shapero (1975), we used theoretical logic from event system theory to propose that displacing work events moderate the effect of entrepreneurial identity aspirations, a possible-self role identity, on engagement in nascent entrepreneurial activities (discovery and exploitation behaviors). Results show that entrepreneurial identity aspirations were more strongly positively related to entrepreneurial discovery behaviors among employees who experienced a displacing work event in their current workplace; discovery behaviors in turn related to entrepreneurial exploitation behaviors. The moderation effect was significant for four of the six displacing events examined in this study. Our findings have implications for the literatures on entrepreneurial career transitions, entrepreneurial role identity, and event system theory and offer validity evidence for the nascent entrepreneurial behaviors scale. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Dewey’s Epistemic Argument for Democracy Reconsidered

This chapter consists of two parts. In the first part I summarize the Deweyean argument for democracy. The argument consists broadly of three elements: (i) The epistemic costs of social, political and economic inequalities; (ii) The requirement of democratic conditions for good political judgment; and (iii) Growth as the final end of social and political organization. The first two elements have been outlined and explained in detail in the previous chapters, as part of Dewey’s theory of political judgment. In this chapter, I mainly focus on the third condition: growth. While the first two elements constitute epistemic reasons for vertical equality in democracy, the moral ideal of growth constitutes a moral reason for horizontal equality, and all three elements together constitute a conception of democracy that combines both vertical and horizontal equality. The second part of the chapter contrasts Dewey’s argument with an alternative pragmatic epistemic argument for democracy that has been pursued by neo-Peircean thinkers Robert Talisse and Cheryl Misak. I agree with the many critics of the neo-Peircean argument that it is too reductionist and that we should favor instead the Deweyan argument for democracy. My criticism will particularly focus on how the neo-Peircean conception both narrows the idea of democracy down to its epistemic dimension, and narrows the epistemic dimension down to the holding of true beliefs, thereby not only neglecting other dimensions of democratic politics, but also failing to do justice to Peirce himself (let alone Dewey) and to the way in which pragmatists use concepts such as doubt, experience, human cognition, inquiry, and judgment.
Tunable acoustics with dielectric elastomer activated granular jamming exhibiting a solid–fluid transition

Acoustic metamaterials, which manipulate acoustic propagation using architected, discrete structures, have wide ranges of applications but typically have a fixed response upon design and fabrication. We present a novel tunable acoustic structure with a granular jamming-based approach, where the jammed state acts as a solid with a well defined resonant response and the unjammed state acts as a liquid with a broad, weakly resonant response. In between these two extremes, resonance peak tuning is observed. Our approach to particle jamming is uniquely controlled with a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA), whose applied confining pressure is governed by voltage. Mathematical modeling of the DEA and the confining pressure is used to understand the device behavior. Samples are fabricated and tested acoustically, revealing a novel solid–liquid like transition at an applied voltage of about 6.0 kV and a preceding “rattler” behavior at around 4.25 kV.
Microwave Imaging in Security — Two Decades of Innovation

The microwave spectrum is one of the most valuable natural resource used nowadays in communication, navigation, and remote sensing. With over a century of heritage, imaging with electromagnetics had been puzzling researchers and engineers alike. When science and technology advanced enough, early imaging solutions at the lower end of the microwave spectrum were revealed. Airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR), and later spaceborne SAR, were first to evolve. With their unprecedented capabilities in earth observation and reconnaissance, researchers became even more eager to extend SAR imaging to higher frequencies and for different applications. The last two decades have remarkably delivered breakthroughs and innovations to re-invent microwave technologies for personnel security screening purposes. Microwave signals can safely penetrate clothing and reveal concealed threats, e.g., explosives and firearms, without imposing any health risks or side effects. This paper presents a historical overview of this evolution and highlights the latest advances in security microwave imaging.
An mtDNA mutant mouse demonstrates that mitochondrial deficiency can result in autism endophenotypes

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by a deficit in social communication, pathologic repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and electroencephalogram (EEG) aberrations. While exhaustive analysis of nuclear DNA (nDNA) variation has revealed hundreds of copy number variants (CNVs) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations, no unifying hypothesis as to the pathophysiology of ASD has yet emerged. Based on biochemical and physiological analyses, it has been hypothesized that ASD may be the result of a systemic mitochondrial deficiency with brain-specific manifestations. This proposal has been supported by recent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses identifying both germline and somatic mtDNA variants in ASD. If mitochondrial defects do predispose to ASD, then mice with certain mtDNA mutations should present with autism endophenotypes. To test this prediction, we examined a mouse strain harboring an mtDNA ND6 gene missense mutation (P25L). This mouse manifests impaired social interactions, increased repetitive behaviors and anxiety, EEG alterations, and a decreased seizure threshold, in the absence of reduced hippocampal interneuron numbers. EEG aberrations were most pronounced in the cortex followed by the hippocampus. Aberrations in mitochondrial respiratory function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also most pronounced in the cortex followed by the hippocampus, but absent in the olfactory bulb. These data demonstrate that mild systemic mitochondrial defects can result in ASD without apparent neuroanatomical defects and that systemic mitochondrial mutations can cause tissue-specific brain defects accompanied by regional neurophysiological alterations.
Differences in synovial fibrosis relative to range of motion in knee osteoarthritis patients.

This study tests if differences exist in the severity of synovial fibrosis between patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA) to help explain disparate deficits in pre- and postoperative range of motion (ROM) between patient groups. 117 knee OA patients were grouped by women (n = 74) and men (n = 43) or those who self-reported as Black (n = 48) or White (n = 69). ROM was measured pre- and post-TKA. Condyles and synovium collected during TKA were scored histologically for OA severity and synovitis. Fibrosis was measured from picrosirius-stained sections of the synovium. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, parametric, and Spearman's rho tests with alpha at 0.05. We found no significant differences between patient age, BMI, radiographic scores, or deformity type when grouped by sex or race, or between metrics or OA severity when grouped by sex. Notably, higher synovitis was measured in women (p = .039) than men. White patients had greater ROM before (p = 0.46) and after surgery (p = .021) relative to Black patients. Fibrosis, but not OA severity and synovitis scores, for the total patient sample negatively correlated with preoperative (rs = -0.330; p = .0003) but not postoperative (rs = -0.032; p = .7627) ROM. Black patients manifested more fibrosis than White patients (p = <.0001), without significant differences between sexes. Statement of Clinical Significance: Coupled with histological scoring, measuring perioperative differences in synovial fibrosis against ROM may refine OA classification and justify the in-depth preoperative assessment of the knee as a whole. Such individualized analyses could guide personalized strategies to relieve symptomatic OA when TKA is not readily accessible and promote equitable TKA outcomes.
A simple new technique for hemodynamic assessment of pulmonary venous baffles in adults post-atrial switch operation

Abstract Although the arterial switch operation has become the standard form of surgical repair for complete transposition of the great arteries, a large number of adults post-atrial switch are still followed in current practice. Pulmonary venous baffle obstruction is a well-known complication of the atrial switch operation, mimicking heart failure. Its recognition is important as it is a potentially treatable disease. In the past, retrograde pulmonary venous atrium (PVA)/pulmonary venous baffle catheterization was commonly performed in the invasive hemodynamic assessment of patients post-atrial switch, but fewer operators are facile with its use in modern practice. We present herein a series of 4 patients referred for catheterization between May 2020 and January 2021 in which retrograde PVA hemodynamic assessment was performed using a pressure-wire (St. Jude Medical, Minneapolis, MN). Our initial experience suggests this approach is safe, not adding any significant risks above systemic right ventricular catheterization, and also provides incremental diagnostic information in individuals with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure and/or pulmonary venous baffle obstruction.
Stochastic Volatility and Epsilon-Martingale Decomposition

We address the problems of pricing and hedging derivative securities in an environment of uncertain and changing market volatility. We show that when volatility is stochastic but fast mean reverting Black-Scholes pricing theory can be corrected. The correction accounts for the effect of stochastic volatility and the associated market price of risk. For European derivatives it is given by explicit formulas which involve parsimonous parameters directly calibrated from the implied volatility surface. The method presented here is based on a martingale decomposition result which enables us to treat nonMarkovian models as well.
D-spaces and finite unions

This article is a continuation of a recent paper by the author and R. Z. Buzyakova. New results are obtained in the direction of the next natural question: how complex can a space be that is the union of two (of a finite family) nice subspaces? Our approach is based on the notion of a D-space introduced by E. van Douwen and on a generalization of this notion, the notion of aD-space. It is proved that if a space X is the union of a finite family of subparacompact subspaces, then X is an aD-space. Under (CH), it follows that if a separable normal T 1 -space X is the union of a finite number of subparacompact subspaces, then X is Lindelof. It is also established that if a regular space X is the union of a finite family of subspaces with a point-countable base, then X is a D-space. Finally, a certain structure theorem for unions of finite families of spaces with a point-countable base is established, and numerous corollaries are derived from it. Also, many new open problems are formulated.
Social capital and economic development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework

L'A. etudie le lien entre capital social et developpement economique. Il analyse la notion de capital social et souligne que cette notion caracterise un reseau de relations sociales jouissant d'une certaine autonomie et d'un relatif enracinement dans la vie sociale. Il examine la place du capital social dans le cadre des politiques de developpement economique et met en lumiere un certain nombre de contraintes et de possibilites inherentes aux dilemmes propres aux strategies de developpement «bas-haut» et «haut-bas». Il envisage de facon critique les theories et les politiques concues en matiere de developpement
Characteristics of Transgender Women Living with HIV Receiving Medical Care in the United States

Abstract Purpose: Little has been reported from population-based surveys on the characteristics of transgender persons living with HIV. Using Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) data, we describe the characteristics of HIV-infected transgender women and examine their care and treatment needs. Methods: We used combined data from the 2009 to 2011 cycles of MMP, an HIV surveillance system designed to produce nationally representative estimates of the characteristics of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States, to compare demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics, and met and unmet needs for supportive services of transgender women with those of non-transgender persons using Rao-Scott chi-square tests. Results: An estimated 1.3% of HIV-infected persons receiving care in the United States self-identified as transgender women. Transgender women were socioeconomically more marginalized than non-transgender men and women. We found no differences between transgender women and non-tr...
The Place of Rus' in Medieval Europe

Rus', the medieval kingdom that was the progenitor of modern Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, has had a complicated historiography due to modern political trends. The chief problem that has shaped scholarship on medieval Rus' is what to do with it. Where does it belong? Over the last century alone, scholars have suggested that Rus' should be studied on its own, either as an autochthonous entity or otherwise; that Rus' was the mid-point on a thousand mile trek from the Varangians (in Scandinavia) to the Greeks (Byzantines) and Muslims; that Rus' existed as part of a Byzantine Commonwealth and thus should be studied in that context and separate from others; and the idea that Rus' was part of medieval Europe and should be studied as such. These various mindsets have been shaped by modern political developments and have created scholarly frames into which the evidence for Rus', and Rus' itself, has been placed. This article highlights these trends over the last one hundred years in largely Anglophone scholarship, demonstrating the current historical understanding of the place of Rus' in medieval Europe.
Effects of Text Messaging on Academic Performance

University students frequently send and receive cellular phone text messages during classroom instruction. Cognitive psychology research indicates that multi-tasking is frequently associated with performance cost. However, university students often have considerable experience with electronic multi-tasking and may believe that they can devote necessary attention to a classroom lecture while sending and receiving text messages. In the current study, university students who used text messaging were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: 1. a group that sent and received text messages during a lecture or, 2. a group that did not engage in text messaging during the lecture. Participants who engaged in text messaging demonstrated significantly poorer performance on a test covering lecture content compared with the group that did not send and receive text messages. Participants exhibiting higher levels of text messaging skill had significantly lower test scores than participants who were less proficient at text messaging. It is hypothesized that in terms of retention of lecture material, more frequent task shifting by those with greater text messaging proficiency contributed to poorer performance. Overall, the findings do not support the view, held by many university students, that this form of multitasking has little effect on the acquisition of lecture content. Results provide empirical support for teachers and professors who ban text messaging in the classroom.
Degradation of an acetylene terminated sulfone (ATS) resin

Using a custom built reactor, we modelled the decomposition of a high performance Acetylene Terminated Sulfone (ATS) resin, more precisely bis[4-(3-ethynyl phenoxy) phenyl] sulfone and its higher oligomers, under partially anaerobic conditions. The residue of thermal degradation was shown to possess a higher oxidative stability than early products of thermal degradation, which “scavanged” oxygen in the reactor to form secondary products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water: thus preventing direct oxidation of the resin. On removal of volatile products of thermal degradation, the carbonaceous char residue of thermal degradation is directly oxidized to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water.
Optimization strategy of axial and lateral supports for large primary mirrors

A parametric study was performed to optimize the support systems of a large primary mirror. In order to analyze the support pattern locations and the levels of the support forces, finite element models of the primary mirror were employed. Influence matrices for the axial defining supports were established by combining sets of unit load cases which were applied at each of the selected support points in the mirror models. A least square algorithm was utilized to satisfy the design requirements during the optimization process. In this paper, a description of an optimization scheme to define the axial support locations and the force directions of the lateral supports is presented. The optimization procedures were applied to the GEMINI primary mirrors and the optimized force sets were verified by finite element analysis.
Fishery management priorities vary with self-recruitment in sedentary marine populations

Fisheries science often uses population models that assume no external recruitment, but nearshore marine populations harvested on small scales of 0.775 (equivalent to 52.85% self-recruitment under present conditions). Elasticity analysis of demographic parameters indicated that future abundance can most effectively be influenced by increasing survival of mid-sized clams (∼80–120 mm) if the population is self-sustaining, and by increasing survival of juvenile clams (∼40–70 mm) if the population is non-self-sustaining (as for an open population). Our results illustrate that management priorities can vary depending on the amount of self-recruitment in a local population.
Mass-dependent structure in the fission γ-ray yields from 252Cf

Abstract A correlation exists between the mass-dependent structure in the yield of prompt γ-rays from spontaneous fission of 252Cf. The total γ-ray yield versus mass resembles the neutron yield sawtooth.
TENDER IS THE NIGHT: ROMANTIC TRAGEDY OR THE TRAGEDY OF BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS?

In the author's reading, Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night (1934) is a sustained investigation of the incest taboo and of the psychological pressures that can lead to its collapse in the clinical situation. This novel allows the reader privileged entry into the "case" of a clinical boundary violation in a way that no scientific paper can permit. Drawing on Chasseguet-Smirgel's (1976) concept of the illness of ideality, the author uses this novel to demonstrate why none of us is safe from the possibility of erotic involvement with a patient.
Marketing the beast: Left Behind and the apocalypse industry:

And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six. (Bible, Revelation 13: 16–18)