cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on distribution, size, maturity, and ecology

Since its description, Azyygopus Norman, 1926 was considered by subsequent authors to be a monotypic genus in the Or-der Pleuronectiformes comprised only of A. pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926, known from deep waters (90–900 m, usually200–600 m) off the southern and southeastern coasts of Australia. In 1961, a subspecies, A. pinnifasciatus flemingi Niels-en, was described based on three specimens collected at 610 m in the Tasman Sea off the South Island, New Zealand. Fromits description to contemporary literature evaluating its status, recognition of A. p. flemingi as a distinct taxon has beenrejected by all but two studies reporting on Azygopus from New Zealand waters. Until the late 20th century, specimens of Azygopus had been rarely collected off New Zealand and little was known about these fishes. Over the past 25 years, col-lecting by scientific expeditions and expanding deep-sea fisheries have captured over 195 specimens of Azygopus from avariety of deep-sea locations around New Zealand. Recently-captured specimens of Azygopus collected around New Zea-land and deposited in fish collections have been identified as either A. pinnifasciatus Norman or A. flemingi Nielsen, sug-gesting the possibility that two species of Azygopus occur in New Zealand waters. This study examined the holotype, aparatype, and 25 non-type specimens of A. pinnifasciatus collected off Australia, and the most comprehensive series ofspecimens of Azygopus collected from New Zealand waters. These specimens included the holotype and two paratypes of A. p. flemingi and 191 other specimens collected from throughout the entire depth range (153–942 m) and representingwide coverage of geographic areas around New Zealand where Azygopus have been collected. Comparisons of these spec-imens indicate that a second species, A. flemingi Nielsen, should be recognized in the genus Azygopus, and that this speciesis the only member of this genus occurring in New Zealand waters. Azygopus flemingi is readily distinguished from A. pinnifasciatus by conspicuous differences in ocularand blind-side color patterns, in numbers of ocular-side pelvic-finrays, total vertebrae, lateral-line scales, and gillrakers on the first gill arch, morphology of blind-side scales and squama-tion patterns, length of blind-side pectoral fins, presence/absence of scales between upper jaw and ventral margin of lowereye, and pigment patterns on dorsal and anal fins of adults. Adult A. flemingi and A. pinnifasciatus are sexually dimorphic in several features. Data on maximum size and size at maturity, and depth of occurrence are summarized for A. flemingi.
Managing Conflict in Organizations

This note can be used in conjunction with any class session where the learning objective is to understand how to manage conflict within organizations. It focuses on interpersonal-conflict styles, and offers prescriptions for what styles are appropriate for various conflict situations.
Additive manufacturing–integrated hybrid manufacturing and subtractive processes: economic model and analysis

This article presents economic models for a new hybrid method where additive manufacturing AM and subtractive methods SMs are integrated through composite process planning. Although AM and SM offer several unique advantages, there are technological limitations such as tolerance and surface finish requirements; tooling and fixturing, etc. that cannot be met by a single type of manufacturing. The intent of this article is not to show a new manufacturing method, but rather to provide economic context to additive and subtractive methods as the best practice provides, and look at the corresponding economics of each of those methods as a function of production batch size, machinability, cost of the material, part geometry and tolerance requirements. Basic models of fixed and variable costs associated with additive, subtractive and hybrid methods to produce parts are also presented. An experimental design is used to study the influence of production volume, material and operating cost, batch size, machinability of the material and impact of reducing AM processing time. A composite response model for the unit cost is computed for the various levels associated with such engineering requirements. The developed models provide insight into how these variables affect the costs associated with engineering a mechanical product that will be produced using AM and SM methods. From the results, it appears that batch size, AM processing time and AM processing cost were the major cost factors. It was shown that the cost of producing ‘near-net’ shape through SM and AM was the decision criteria; which will be critical for tough-to-machine alloys and at multi-batch size.
Solution of the Atomic Structure of the Σ=5 (310) [001] Grain Boundary in Nial by Hrem and Atomistic Simulations

The atomic structure of the Σ = 5 (310) [001] grain boundary in NiAl has been determined by a synergistic approach combining high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and atomistic structure calculations. A bicrystal of controlled orientation was produced by diffusion bonding and imaged with the electron beam parallel to the [001] tilt axis. The results showed that the material remains chemically ordered up to the boundary plane. Atomistic structure calculations employed N-body empirical potentials developed for the NiAl phase to examine the changes in interfacial energy due to the incorporation of various point defects at the grain boundary. A self-consistent model structure was determined which was of lowest energy and produced calculated images which matched experimental images of the boundary. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the stability of this structure at finite temperatures.
Decreased cell proliferation of breast cancer cells by genistein is caused by estrogen receptor related signaling molecules.

Abstract #6019 Background: Literature reports demonstrate that genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, shows a biphasic response to cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Genistein increases cell proliferation at low concentrations and decreases cell proliferation at high concentrations. Our previous studies suggest that at low concentrations of genistein the cell proliferative response depends on the type of ER. At high concentrations genistein is believed to act as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Currently, the mechanisms of genistein9s effect on breast cancer cell proliferation are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of the biphasic response of genistein on breast cancer cell proliferation, specifically by determining the effect of genistein on ER-related cell signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis. Based on literature reports, the ER-related cell signaling molecules chosen for this study were ERK1/2, p90RSK, JNK, Akt and NFκB. ERK1/2 and, p90RSK are involved in cell proliferation; JNK, Akt and NFκB are involved in cell survival and/or apoptosis. Methods: The effect of genistein at 1 µM (low concentration) and 100 µM (high concentration) on cell signaling molecules was determined by a BioPlex Phosphoprotein detection kit. Results obtained from the BioPlex assay were confirmed by immunodetection. Cell proliferation was determined at 24, 48, and 72 hrs by the MTT (3-[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. This study was carried out in T47D (ERα and ERβ) and MDA-MB-231 (ERβ) breast cancer cells. Results: At 100 µM genistein exposure we observed a decrease in phosphorylated p90RSK (40%) in T47D cells and an increase in phosphorylated JNK (45%) in MDA-MB-231 cells in a statistically significant (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6019.
Toward a New Landscape Modern Courtyard Housing and Ian McHarg’s Urbanism

While many authors have discussed the environmental planning methodology outlined by Ian McHarg in Design with Nature, little attention has been paid to the influence of modern architecture upon th...
Comparative Fate of the Geometric Isomers of Phosphamidon in Plants and Animals

The fates of the cis and trans isomers of phosphamidon in plants and animals were determined by using radiometric and other procedures. The biological half-lives of toxic forms of the 2 isomers were very short in plants and animals and of comparable duration. Although both isomers were converted to similar oxidative and hydrolytic metabolites, the rates of formation were somewhat different; the faster rate of oxidative N -dealkylation of cis phosphamidon in all biological systems was particularly apparent. Not only were the trans isomers of phosphamidon and its N -deethyl derivative substantially more toxic to adult boll weevils Anthonomus grandis Boheman. and house flies, Musca domestica L., than were the cis isomers, but they also were significantly more potent inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase in the insects. Combinations of sesamex with cis and trails phosphamidon and N -deethyl derivatives caused a substantial increase ill the toxicity of all compounds to boll weevils, particularly the cis isomers.
Assessment of Lethality of Fragment Warhead to Armed-helicopter

To assess the lethality of fragment warhead to armed-helicopter,a vulnerability model of typical target was proposed,which contained geometric/structural components,vital components and non-vital components,and the corresponding damage criterions were also set.The shot line simulation based on THOR equation was introduced,which considered air resistance and multi-part penetration effect of fragments.Based on uniform sampling of explosion position.The spatial distribution of fragment warhead damaging typical target was obtained.The result indicates that the vital region locates near main rotor and tail rotor,and it is more efficient to attack target from top.
Safety assessment of epidural wire electrodes for cough production in a chronic pig model of spinal cord injury.

Background It is our hypothesis that high intensity spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to restore an effective cough mechanism using wire leads, will result in significant activation of target neurons without tissue injury or electrode corrosion.
Impotence: The Surgical Approach

Techniques are now available to restore erectile potency. Several prosthetic devices have been developed that afford a high degree of reliability. The inflatable prosthesis is cosmetically superior, but it is associated with the highest mechanical complication rate. Penile revascularization is a technique with great potential, but the methodology at this point requires further development. Surgeons involved with the treatment of impotency must acquire both the surgical skills required by the operative techniques as well as a philosophical approach to the psychological aspects involved in such therapy. Restoration of penile rigidity can, for some men, mean a new lease on life, but in the improperly selected patient a surgical success may be associated with utter patient dissatisfaction.
Evaluation of skin problems.

Travelers frequently return to North America with noninfectious skin problems. However, the physician who evaluates a returning traveler or immigrant with cutaneous abnormalities must also consider the possibility of infection. Attention should be paid to the nature of the skin lesions, the presence or absence of systemic manifestations, and the details of the travel history, e.g., geographic sites visited, duration of travel, activities, and prophylactic medications. This article highlights the conditions most likely to be encountered among typical immunocompetent North American travelers.
Democracy and Middle Classes in Laos

Democracy in the West is often viewed more or less as the norm of any democratic system in the world. Against this norm, the political system of Laos seems authoritarian and utterly undemocratic. However, Western democracy has itself come under attack (Crouch 2004). It is no longer taken for granted that all aspects of this system are perfectly democratic. Western democracy is inclusive of the population only to a very limited degree. It is mainly run by a group of professional politicians who are distributed between two or more parties that stand for election every few years. The only truly democratic aspect of the system consists in the population endorsing one faction of the professional group until the next election. The limitations of this interpretation of democracy have been criticized from its very beginnings in France and the USA, especially by leftist movements ranging from social democracy to communism and anarchism.
Letter by Littmann Regarding Article, "Giant J Waves and ST-Segment Elevation Associated With Acute Gastric Distension".

I read with great interest the case report by Hibbs et al1 on a patient with acute gastric distension in whom the ECG showed prominent J waves and then marked ST-segment elevation in the inferolateral leads. Laboratory and imaging studies were not consistent with myocardial infarction. Resolution of the gastric distension was accompanied by normalization of the ECG. The authors hypothesized that the ECG abnormality likely represented a transient electrophysiologic phenomenon, perhaps from a change in ion channel function.1 I think that a nonelectrophysiological explanation for this curious ECG abnormality is more likely. A …
Ontology-Based Content Management and Access Framework for Supporting E-Learning Systems

E-Learning is a fast, just-in-time, and non-linear learning process, which is now widely applied in distributed and dynamic environments such as on the World Wide Web. However, it also poses three challenges to the systems that support e-learning. This paper present our on-going effort to develop an ontology-based framework for e-learning systems, which allows teachers to organize learning materials in a dynamic and flexible manner, and provides multiple ways for students to access the materials either by navigation, search or recommendation. A module that helps to classify the learning materials according to the schema of the ontology is also presented in the proposed framework.
Human endothelial cell morphology and autacoid expression.

Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells plated on plastic or gelatin-coated dishes grow as a “cobblestone” monolayer. By contrast, endothelial cells cultured on a complex matrix (e.g., Matrigel) form three-dimensional, capillary-like structures. In the current study, we verified the capillary phenotype of the latter structures and asked whether the morphological changes induced by extracellular matrix also affect human endothelial gene expression and function in vitro. Concentrations of cellular fibronectin, prostacyclin, and endothelin-1 were measured in the conditioned media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and radioimmunoassays. Steady-state concentrations of HUVE mRNA were estimated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantified by Northern analyses to assess fibronectin and endothelin-1 gene expression. We found that the subjacent extracellular matrix affects the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of HUVE cells in vitro. Cells cultured on gelatin were more mitotically active, expressed significantly less cellular fibronectin, made similar amounts of prostacyclin, and secreted significantly more endothelin-1 compared with the same cells grown on a Matrigel substrate.
232: Inhibition of IFN-mediated STAT1 activation in intestinal epithelial cells by NSP1 – The rotavirus-encoded inhibitor of IFN induction

Rotavirus (RV) replication in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vivo is robust despite the vigorous activation of local early host interferon (IFN) responses. Using single cell microfluidics qRT-PCR coupled with flow sorting, we recently demonstrated that homologous RV efficiently inhibits IFN induction in single infected and bystander villous IECs in vivo and, using genetic approaches, associated this function with the RV NSP1 protein. Paradoxically, RV also induces robust type I IFNs in the intestinal hemaotopoietic compartment in a relatively replication-independent manner raising the possibility that RV replication and spread in IECs occurs despite exogenous stimulation of the STAT1-mediated IFN signaling pathway. However, viral factor(s) responsible for the possible inhibition of STAT1 function are unknown. Here we report the ability of RV to mediate direct and remote inhibition of IFN-mediated STAT1 activation in IECs and identify the RV NSP1 protein as a direct inhibitor of the pathway. Infection of human IECs with RV strains that inhibit IFN induction by two distinct strategies targeting either NF-kB or IRF3 both resulted in effective regulation of IFN secretion. At early times during infection, neither type of RV strain could effectively inhibit the activation of STAT1 in response to exogenously added IFN. However, at later times in infection, both types of RV could inhibit IFN-mediated STAT1 activation, and by single cell analysis this blockage occurred in both infected and bystander cell populations. We found that the rotavirus NSP1 protein, when expressed by itself, is an efficient inhibitor of STAT1 activation. Analysis of NSP1 determinants in the inhibition of IFN induction and signaling pathways revealed that these properties are encoded on discrete domains. These findings explain previously observed remote regulation of the host IFN response in the intestine and uncover a novel function of NSP1 as a STAT1 antagonist.
Histones of Sperm

In “A Catalog of Sperm Histones” (Bloch, 1969), organisms were grouped into five categories according to the basic proteins of their sperm: a Salmo type containing easily extractable “monoprotamines” (Kossel, 1928) whose sole basic amino acid is arginine, a mammalian type containing a very basic “protaminelike” protein that nevertheless binds strongly to the sperm head and can be extracted only after breaking disulfide linkages (Henricks and Mayer, 1965), a Mytilus type easily extractable and intermediate in composition between the monoprotamines and somatic histones (also designated di- and triprotamines by Kossel, 1928), a Rana type showing no discernible differences from somatic histones, and a crab type perhaps containing histones in the cytoplasm but none in the nucleus.
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIA) (swamp fever) causes acute, subacute, chronic, and inapparent conditions in the family Equidae. The signs range from edema and lethargy to chronic emaciation and periodic anemic episodes. Glomerulitis may develop in chronic cases. The hosts that are infected by the equine infectious anemia virus include horses, ponies, mules, and donkeys. The viral etiology of EIA was first demonstrated in 1904 and first cultured in vitro in 1961. The development of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test allowed the identification of the inapparent carriers. An effective vaccine has not been developed. Insect vectors are thought to transmit the disease. Although spread of the disease is unclear, definite control measures have been instituted in a number of countries. The AGID test is recognized as the best and most simple diagnostic technique.
Theoretical and Historical Roots of Psycholinguistic Research

Psycholinguistics can be said to have originated as far back in the history of philosophy as one cares to trace psychology. The widespread use of the term psycholinguistics and the development of a distinct discipline with that title, however, go back only to the early 1950s, when George Miller, Charles Osgood, and other psychologists introduced a knowledge of linguistics into the psychological study of language.1 Prior to that time, psychological studies of “verbal learning” dated from the concern of Ebbinghaus (1885) with memory and are tied to a strand of theory that can be followed back to the associationism of Locke [1632–1704]. To the extent that verbal learning theorists in psychology were almost totally lacking in linguistic sophistication, it might be said that their research interests represented precisely what psycholinguistics was not.
Determination of Elastic Constants by Line-Focus V(Z) Measurements of Multiple Saw Modes

Line focus acoustic microscopy (LFAM) provides a method to determine the elastic constants of homogeneous materials and thin-film/substrate configurations, see Refs. [1–5]. The elastic constants are determined from the velocities of surface acoustic waves, which are obtained from measurement of the V(z) curve. Generally more than one elastic constant has to be determined. It is interesting to note that the procurement of sufficient data is sometimes more complicated for isotropic materials. For anisotropic solids the velocity can be measured as a function of the angle defining the propagation direction in the surface to yield a sufficiently large data set. For thin-film/substrate configurations measurements at various frequencies or for different film thickness may be carried out to obtain sufficient data. There are, however, obvious advantages to work with a single specimen and at a single frequency. This can be done by considering the contributions of more than one leaky SAW mode to the V(z) curve.
Abstract 5805: Palbociclib synergistically enhances the anticancer activity of cisplatin in P53 mutant model of upper gastrointestinal cancers

Background: Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers (UGCs) respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy due to overactive intrinsic mechanisms that mediate cellular proliferation and drug resistance. Dysregulated cell division due to increased activity of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) is one such mechanism that drives progression of UGCs, making them an important therapeutic target. Palbociclib is a second generation cdk4/6 specific inhibitor approved for treatment of ER+ breast cancers. Since Cisplatin (CDDP) is a first line therapeutic agent frequently used for treatment of UGCs we hypothesized that Palbociclib would complement the DNA-damaging activity of CDDP. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the potential therapeutic benefit of Palbociclib alone and in combination with CDDP in P53 mutant model of UGCs. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of Palbociclib treatment alone and/or in combination with CDDP on FLO-1 (P53 mutant) UGC cell viability, survival, and cell cycle progression, respectviely. The MTT cell viability assay and Compusyn mediated median effect plot analysis (MEPA)(Chou and Talaly) were used to determine synergistic drug combinations of Palbociclib and CDDP in FLO-1 UGC cells. Results: The cell viability data and MEPA indicated that Palbociclib and CDDP show significant synergistic anticancer activity in FLO-1 UGC cells at a ratio of 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. The clonogenic cell survival assay data showed that in comparison to treatment with Palbociclib (0.5µM) or CDDP (1.0 and 1.5µM) alone, the combination treatments (Palbociclib:CDDP) at a ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 exhibited significantly elevated (p Citation Format: Dhvanir Kansara, Amruta Samant, Priya Pancholi, Tanvi Visal, Shraddha Patel, Vikas Sehdev. Palbociclib synergistically enhances the anticancer activity of cisplatin in P53 mutant model of upper gastrointestinal cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5805.
Real World Experience of Drug Induced Liver Injury in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Background & Aim: To better understand the clinical significance of drug induced liver injury (DILI) during chemotherapy, we examined the epidemiology, incidence, and treatment effects of DILI in patients undergoing chemotherapy for genitourinary malignancies over a twoyear period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 284 patients who underwent chemotherapy for prostate, bladder, testicular and renal cell carcinomas over a two year period. Those with abnormal or absent liver test (LT) results prior to chemotherapy initiation were excluded. Post chemotherapy LT results were defined as DILI if ALT>3x ULN and/or total bilirubin (TB)>2x ULN, in the absence of other more likely causes of elevated LT. Results: The cumulative incidence of DILI in the total study population was 6.1% (17/284), and in the population who had appropriate LT performed it increased to 18.9% (17/90). Chemotherapeutic agents were determined to be the cause of DILI in 82% (14/17) of patients, and the treatment plans were changed in 59% (10/17) of patients. Conclusion: In this real world study, the cumulative incidence of DILI was higher than commonly reported in clinical trials, and the majority of affected patients had to have their cancer treatment altered or interrupted.
Species distribution models throughout the invasion history of Palmer amaranth predict regions at risk of future invasion and reveal challenges with modeling rapidly shifting geographic ranges.

Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) is an annual plant native to the desert Southwest of the United States and Mexico and has become invasive and caused large economic losses across much of the United States. In order to examine the temporal and spatial dynamics of past invasion, and to predict future invasion, we developed a broad array of species distribution models (SDMs). In particular, we constructed sequential SDMs throughout the invasion history and asked how well those predicted future invasion (1970 to present). We showed that invasion occurred from a restricted set of environments in the native range to a diverse set in the invaded range. Spatial autocorrelation analyses indicated that rapid range expansion was facilitated by stochastic, long-distance dispersal events. Regardless of SDM approach, all SDMs built using datasets from early in the invasion (1970–2010) performed poorly and failed to predict most of the current invaded range. Together, these results suggest that climate is unlikely to have influenced early stages of range expansion. SDMs that incorporated data from the most recent sampling (2011–2017) performed considerably better, predicted high suitability in regions that have recently become invaded, and identified mean annual temperature as a key factor limiting northward range expansion. Under future climates, models predicted both further northward range expansion and significantly increased suitability across large portions of the U.S. Overall, our results indicate significant challenges for SDMs of invasive species far from climate equilibrium. However, our models based on recent data make more robust predictions for northward range expansion of A. palmeri with climate change.
Probing the response of tropical deep convection to aerosol perturbations using idealized cloud-resolving simulations with parameterized large-scale dynamics.

AbstractA framework is introduced to investigate the indirect effect of aerosol loading on tropical deep convection using three-dimensional limited-domain idealized cloud-system-resolving model sim...
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the morphine skeleton via radical cyclization and a C10C11 closure

Abstract A short synthesis of a morphinan skeleton has been accomplished. The key steps involve enzymatic dihydroxylation of β-bromoethyl benzene, vinyl and aryl radical cyclizations, and Friedel-Crafts closure of an aziridinium ion or an acid-catalyzed closure of an aldehyde to form the C 10 C 11 bond.
Fast two-dimensional THz imaging using rail-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing

The authors present a terahertz-band imaging system using rail-based synthetic aperture radar sensing and processing. In the proposed setup, the object is inclined with respect to the transmitter and is scanned in azimuth using a motorised linear stage. The single-transceiver system is based on one-port full-duplex frequency extender module coupled with a vector network analyser. Processing the reflection data recorded in the frequency domain, it is possible to reconstruct high-resolution two-dimensional images of objects and voids concealed behind material layers in the 220–355 and 500–750 GHz bands with sub-millimetre resolution.
Origin of entropy of gravitationally produced dark matter: The entanglement entropy

We study the emergence of entropy in gravitational production of dark matter particles, ultralight scalars minimally coupled to gravity and heavier fermions, from inflation to radiation domination. Initial conditions correspond to dark matter fields in their Bunch-Davies vacua during inflation. The ``out'' states are correlated particle-antiparticle pairs, and their distribution function is found in both cases. In the adiabatic regime the density matrix features rapid decoherence by dephasing from interference effects in the basis of out particle states, effectively reducing it to a diagonal form with a concomitant von Neumann entropy. We show that it is exactly the entanglement entropy obtained by tracing over one member of the correlated pairs. Remarkably, for both statistics the entanglement entropy is similar to the quantum kinetic entropy in terms of the distribution function with noteworthy differences stemming from pair correlations. The entropy and the kinetic-fluid form of the energy-momentum tensor all originate from decoherence of the density matrix. For ultralight scalar dark matter, the distribution function peaks at low momentum $\ensuremath{\propto}1/{k}^{3}$ and the specific entropy is $\ensuremath{\ll}1$. This is a hallmark of a condensed phase but with vanishing field expectation value. For fermionic dark matter the distribution function is nearly thermal and the specific entropy is $\mathcal{O}(1)$ which is typical of a thermal species. We argue that the functional form of the entanglement entropy is quite general and applies to alternative production mechanisms such as parametric amplification during reheating.
Facile Synthesis of Rapidly Degrading PEG-Based Thiol-Norbornene Hydrogels

An alternate synthesis route was developed to prepare norbornene-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) from reacting multiarm PEG with carbic anhydride. The macromer, PEGNBCA, permits photo-cr...
Impact of Using Abdominal Circumference Independently in the Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction

OBJECTIVE Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine guidelines for diagnosing fetal growth restriction (FGR) have broadened the definition to include abdominal circumference (AC) <10th percentile for gestational age (GA) regardless of estimated fetal weight (EFW). We aimed to compare the ability of three definitions of FGR to predict small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and adverse outcomes. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of patients who underwent assessment of fetal growth between GA of 26 and 36 weeks. We compared three definitions of FGR: EFW <10th percentile; AC <10th percentile; either EFW or AC <10th percentile. The primary outcome was successful prediction of neonatal SGA. Secondary outcomes included a composite adverse neonatal outcome (CANO). We further compared these definitions of FGR using area under receiver operative curves (AUC) to measure their discriminatory abilities. RESULTS About 1054 women met inclusion criteria. Ninety-one (8.6%) had EFW <10th percentile, 122 (11.6%) had AC <10th percentile, and 137 (12.9%) had either EFW or AC <10th percentile. SGA was seen in 139 (13.2%); CANO was seen in 139 (13.2%). Ability for detecting neonatal SGA was significantly better when the definition included both EFW or AC <10th percentile compared to either variable independently. The AUC were: 0.74, 0.73, 0.69; P = .0003. There was no statistical significance in ability for predicting CANO (AUC 0.51, 0.51, 0.50; P = .7447). CONCLUSIONS Addition of AC as a criterion for diagnosing FGR improves our ability to predict neonatal SGA compared to using EFW alone. All three definitions were poorly predictive of neonates at risk for adverse outcomes.
Health-related behaviors and health insurance status among US adults: Findings from the 2017 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

Abstract Health insurance coverage has increased overtime in the US. This study examined the associations between health insurance status and adoption of health-related behaviors among US adults. Using data collected through the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on health insurance coverage and type of insurance, we examined four health-related behaviors (i.e., no tobacco use, nondrinking or moderate drinking, meeting aerobic physical activity recommendations, and having a healthy body weight) and their associations with health insurance status. We conducted log-linear regression analyses to assess the associations with adjustment for potential confounders. Results showed the percentages of adults who reported no tobacco use or meeting physical activity recommendations were significantly higher, and the percentages of adults with a healthy body weight were significantly lower among those who were insured versus uninsured, or among adults with private insurance versus uninsured. Adults with health insurance also had a higher prevalence of reporting all 4 health-related behaviors than those uninsured. These patterns persisted after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders including sociodemographics, routine checkup, and number of chronic diseases. Adults with public insurance were 7% more likely to report no tobacco use than adults who were uninsured. Additionally, adults with private insurance were 8% and 7% more likely to report no tobacco use and meeting physical activity recommendations, respectively, but 10% less likely to report nondrinking or moderate drinking than adults with public insurance. In conclusion, we found significant associations existed between having health insurance coverage and engaging in some health-related behaviors among US adults.
Prevention of Bleeding After Endoscopic Resection of Colonic Polyps: to Clip or not to Clip

Endoscopic resection of large colonic lesions once thought only amenable to surgery is now standard treatment, but post-procedure bleeding has been common, occurring in 5–10% of patients. This review summarizes efficacy data on clip closure to reduce bleeding risk, selection of polyps, costs and limitations. Randomized control trials and meta-analysis provide strong evidence for the benefit of prophylactic clip closure to prevent bleeding after endoscopic resection of large ≥ 20-mm proximal polyps, but not for smaller polyps or for large polyps in the distal colon. Clip closure techniques need to be improved, and further research may help to better identify which patients may most benefit from prophylactic closure. Post-procedure bleeding is the most common complication after large polyp resection. Clip closure of the mucosal defect after resection of all proximal 20-mm polyps should be attempted because it reduces bleeding risk by at least half.
An evaluation of the PERMA model as a framework for reducing psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with alopecia areata.

Abstract. Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most common immunological conditions. Although AA is considered to be a medically benign condition, those living with AA often report comorbi...
Constipation Misperception: Could It Be Familial Adenomatosis Polyposis?

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) is a rare cause of colorectal cancer. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk, asymptomatic adults aged 50 to 75 years. While age is the most important risk factor, we need to consider the family history of colorectal cancer. FAP is a rare cause of colorectal cancer, leading to high morbidity and mortality if undetected and undiagnosed. It is easy to overlook the family history in a busy primary care clinic with limited patient encounter times. Clinicians mustn't forget this important piece of information as it can give leads for further patient evaluation. We present a case report of a 21-year-old male who presented to our clinic to establish primary care and with vague abdominal complaints. Still, the concerning family history of early onset colon cancer in his half-sister raised red flags and directed us to further evaluate. Further evaluation revealed our patient, in fact, had FAP.
Summary of a thirteen-year study of the Cozens test of general athletic ability in college freshman men.

(1968). Summary of a Thirteen-Year Study of the Cozens Test of General Athletic Ability in College Freshman Men. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 820-821.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of Asynchronous Online Discussion on Blackboard

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand students’ perceptions of using asynchronous online discussion as a learning tool. Six pre-service teachers who took a course in educational technology applications for secondary grades at a Rocky Mountain region mid-sized university were selected to be interviewed. Phenomenological data analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The interviewees’ perceptions of the asynchronous online discussions centered around purposes, group size, tools for learning, advantages/disadvantages, and the instructor’s role. The findings of this study provide instructors with helpful information on how students perceive asynchronous online discussion and also provide instructors with possible interventions to enhance students’ motivations for participating in asynchronous online discussion. Key Words: Asynchronous Online Discussion, Pre-service Teachers, Phenomenology, Instructional Design, and Teaching Online
Influence of Soil and Nonsoil Environments on Nodulation by Rhizobium trifolii

Indigenous serotypes 1-01 and 2-02 of Rhizobium trifolii occupied similar percentages (18 to 23%) of root nodules on soil-grown subclover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and were virtually absent (4.5%) from nodules of soil-grown white clover (Trifolium repens L.). In contrast (with the exception of one dilution [10]), serotype 1-01 occupied a substantial portion of nodules (16 to 40%) on white clover seedlings grown on mineral salts agar and exposed to samples of the same soil in the form of a 10-fold dilution series (10 to 10). Under the latter conditions, occupancy of subclover nodules by 1-01 and of nodules of both plant species by 2-02 was consistent with the results obtained with soil-grown plants.
Comparison of preliminary D-T and 'catalyzed' D-D system studies

The purpose of the research currently underway is to provide technological and eventual economic comparison of a reference D-T reactor to a “catalyzed” D-D reactor. Two separate reactor designs are delineated and examined for this purpose. These systems include plasma parameters, blanket and shield configurations, magnetic coil configurations, and power conversion systems, including a divertor-direct convertor system for the D-D design.
Adolescents and Their Families: An Introduction to Assessment and Intervention

Contents Introduction * Basic Concepts * Assessment * The First Interview * Beginning Phase of Therapy * Middle Phase: Learning New Steps * Termination and Therapist's Use of Self * Clinical Issues * Epilogue * Index
Subspace system identification of support excited structures—part II: gray‐box interpretations and damage detection

SUMMARY A theoretical framework is presented for the estimation of the physical parameters of a structure (i.e., mass, stiffness, and damping) from measured experimental data (i.e., input–output or output-only data). The framework considers two state-space models: a physics-based model derived from first principles (i.e., white-box model) and a data-driven mathematical model derived by subspace system identification (i.e., black-box model). Observability canonical form conversion is introduced as a powerful means to convert the data-driven mathematical model into a physically interpretable model that is termed a gray-box model. Through an explicit linking of the white-box and gray-box model forms, the physical parameters of the structural system can be extracted from the gray-box model in the form of a finite element discretization. Prior to experimental verification, the framework is numerically verified for a multi-DOF shear building structure. Without a priori knowledge of the structure, mass, stiffness, and damping properties are accurately estimated. Then, experimental verification of the framework is conducted using a six-story steel frame structure under support excitation. With a priori knowledge of the lumped mass matrix, the spatial distribution of structural stiffness and damping is estimated. With an accurate estimation of the physical parameters of the structure, the gray-box model is shown to be capable of providing the basis for damage detection. With the use of the experimental structure, the gray-box model is used to reliably estimate changes in structural stiffness attributed to intentional damage introduced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMMONIA IN THE BLOOD IN NEWBORN INFANTS

The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in venous blood was determined in 79 newborn infants. Simultaneous evaluation of the vital signs (color, pulse, respirations, reflex activity and muscle tone) was made. No correlation between concentration of ammonia in venous blood and state of consciousness as measured by evaluation of vital signs could be found. Concentrations of ammonia in the blood did not vary significantly with sex, birth weight or duration of labor. The elevated concentrations of ammonia seen frequently in the first hours of life suggest that the source of ammonia in blood of normal infants is not due to the putrefactive activity of the gut since the intestinal tract is normally sterile at birth.
Activation of BK Channels in Rat Chromaffin Cells Requires Summation of Ca2+ Influx From Multiple Ca2+Channels

Large-conductance Ca(2+) and voltage-dependent K(+) channels (BK channels) in many tissues require high Ca(2+) concentrations for activation and therefore might be expected to be tightly coupled to Ca(2+) channels. However, in most cases, little is known about the relative organization of the BK channels and the Ca(2+) channels involved in their activation. We probed the nature of the organization of BK and Ca(2+) channels in rat chromaffin cells by manipulating Ca(2+) influx through Ca(2+) channels and by altering cellular Ca(2+) buffering using EGTA and bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). The results were analyzed to determine the distance between Ca(2+) and BK channels that would be most consistent with the experimental data. Most BK channels are close enough to Ca(2+) channels to be resistant to the buffering action of millimolar of EGTA, but are far enough to be inhibited by BAPTA. Analysis of the EGTA/BAPTA results suggests that BK channels are at a distance of 50 to 160 nm from Ca(2+) channels. A model that assumes random distribution of Ca(2+) and BK channels fails to account for the observed [Ca(2+)](i) detected by BK channels, suggesting that a specific mechanism may exist to mediate the functional coupling between these channels. Importantly, the effects of EGTA and BAPTA cannot be explained by assuming a one-to-one coupling between Ca(2+) and BK channels. Rather, Ca(2+) influx through a number of Ca(2+) channels appears to act in concert to regulate the behavior of any individual BK channel. Thus differences in BK channel open probabilities may be explained by differences in the extent of Ca(2+) domain overlap at the sites of individual BK channels.
Body mass of late Quaternary mammals

The purpose of this data set was to compile body mass information for all mammals on Earth so that we could investigate the patterns of body mass seen across geographic and taxonomic space and evolutionary time. We were interested in the heritability of body size across taxonomic groups (How conserved is body mass within a genus, family, and order?), in the overall pattern of body mass across continents (Do the moments and other descriptive statistics remain the same across geographic space?), and over evolutionary time (How quickly did body mass patterns iterate on the patterns seen today? Were the Pleistocene extinctions size specific on each continent, and did these events coincide with the arrival of man?). These data are also part of a larger project that seeks to integrate body mass patterns across very diverse taxa (NCEAS Working Group on Body Size in Ecology and Paleoecology: linking pattern and process across space, time, and taxonomic scales). We began with the updated version of D. E. Wilson an...
The initial thermal characterization of hair color rinse ingredients — adipic acid

Abstract In this preliminary examination of various ingredients used in hair color rinses, thermal analysis studies were concluded for adipic acid. The instrument used was a simultaneous TG–DTA unit. The sample was subjected to thermal treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at various heating and flow rates. At the very least, the data collected was used in “finger printing” the material, so that its presence in a formulation might be detected by this method. However, it has proved to be possible to offer a more detailed description than just fingerprinting and identification. By using the TG plot, the rate of evaporation for adipic acid was calculated and shown to agree with models for evaporation.
Comparison of seasonal changes in fluorescent dissolved organic matter among aquatic lake and stream sites in the Green Lakes Valley

[1] The spectral characteristics of whole water dissolved organic matter (DOM) and fulvic acid were studied in samples collected from an alpine lake, a subalpine lake, and a subalpine stream during snowmelt and the summer growing season. Excitation-emission matrices of whole water DOM and fulvic acid were analyzed by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Allochthonous inputs of terrestrially derived fulvic acid DOM were dominant during snowmelt at the alpine lake, and during both snowmelt and summer at the subalpine sites. At the alpine lake, autochthonous inputs of DOM dominated during the summer phytoplankton bloom, and the spectral characteristics of the whole water DOM diverged from those of the fulvic acid. For example, the quinone-like fluorophores in whole water DOM at the alpine lake were more oxidized and microbially derived than the fulvic acid fraction during the summer. At the subalpine sites, the seasonal changes in the source and redox state of the quinone-like fluorophores of the whole water DOM tracked those of the fulvic acid pool. However, at both lake sites there was a greater contribution of amino acid-like fluorophores in the whole water DOM than the fulvic acid fraction. This trend was not observed at the subalpine stream site. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the PARAFAC components suggests that during snowmelt, the chemical quality of the DOM at the alpine lake was similar to that of the subalpine stream; whereas the alpine site was more similar to the subalpine lake during the summer. Spectral characterization and PCA of the PARAFAC components suggest that nonhumic quinone-like and amino acid-like fluorophores were produced in the alpine lake during the summer phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that different types of water bodies produce different seasonal patterns in whole water DOM and fulvic acid quantity and quality.
Statistical study of ion flows in the dayside and nightside plasmasphere

A statistical survey of ion flows has been performed with the DE-1 high-altitude plasma instrument during a period of solar maximum conditions. The results indicate that a significant dayside to nightside interhemispheric flow occurs in the outer plasmasphere during periods of increased magnetic activity along convecting magnetic field lines. The ion temperature is found to decrease steadily equatorward into the outer plasmasphere. Although ion abundance ratios obtained using the retarding ion mass spectrometer show that the predominant ion species was H(+), relatively large densities of O(+) were observed in the plasmasphere on several passes.