cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational branding for diversity: managing discursive contradictions

ABSTRACTIn line with recent efforts to increase the representation of women in the field of computing and information technology (I.T.), the National Center for Women and Information Technology has spearheaded an occupational branding campaign that seeks to encourage more women to enter this field. We use this campaign as a case study to investigate how representations of work in an occupational branding campaign (“official branding discourse”) compare with the ways in which practitioners represent this work (“unofficial branding discourse”). Through our analysis, we show that whereas the official branding discourse represents computing and I.T. as a field where women are valued, unofficial branding discourse represents this field as hostile to women. We then propose three avenues through which these contradictions can be managed: (1) acknowledging the challenges expressed by practitioners, while simultaneously discussing how to foster a more inclusive occupational culture, (2) changing the primary goal o...
A randomized study of the serum pharmacokinetics of lower thoracic extended-release epidural morphine (DepoDur) after lidocaine-epinephrine test dose administration in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery.

Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate the serum pharmacokinetic profile of a single 15-mg dose of extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) administered at the lower thoracic epidural space alone or following a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose in patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery. Materials and methods: This randomized, open-label study recruited men and women ≥ 18 years of age scheduled for major upper abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups and were administered a single 15-mg dose of EREM or EREM preceded by a 3 ml lidocaine (1.5%)/epinephrine ( 1: 200,000) test dose with or without a saline flush: EREM alone; test dose + flush + 3-minute wait + EREM; test dose + flush + 10-minute wait + EREM; test dose + flush + 15-minute wait + EREM; or test dose + 3-minute wait + EREM. EREM was administered at the lower thoracic epidural intervertebral space (T8 - T 12) approximately 30 minutes before the surgical incision. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined based on the serum concentration-time profiles of morphine and morphine metabolites. Effectiveness and safety were also assessed. Results: The intent-to-treat and safety populations included 39 patients; the pharmacokinetic population included 37 patients. Administration of EREM 3 minutes after a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose, with or without a flush, resulted in an increased mean maximum serum concentration of morphine (C max ; flush, 30.2 ± 8.5 ng/ml; no flush, 25.6 ± 10.1 ng/ml; EREM alone, 11.5 ± 7.3 ng/ml) and a decreased median time to C max (t max ; flush, 0.2 h; no flush, 0.2 h; EREM alone, 2.0 h) compared with administration of EREM alone, without affecting relative morphine bioavailability. Flushing the catheter and waiting 15 minutes normalized the C max (11.4 ± 6.4 ng/ml) but not the median t max (0.5 h). There were no significant group differences in safety, tolerability, or analgesic effectiveness. Conclusions: The interaction between EREM and a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose administered at T8 - T12 can be minimized by waiting 15 minutes after test dose administration. The overall safety and effectiveness of 15 mg EREM administered at the lower thoracic epidural intervertebral space in patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery appears similar to that observed in previous studies assessing lumbar administration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00728832.
Extranuclear dendrites of locus coeruleus neurons: Activation by glutamate and modulation of activity by alpha adrenoceptors

1. Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons were recorded extracellularly and intracellularly in rat brain slices. Effects of glutamate applied to the area of distal extranuclear LC dendrites, and of alpha-2 adrenoceptors applied in the bath, were determined on activity of these cells. 2. Glutamate applied to the area of distal dendrites potently activated LC neurons. These responses were not blocked by either 1 microM tetrodotoxin or 2 mM Co(2+)-10 mM Mg2+. This indicates that glutamate acting directly on distal dendrites can potently activate LC neurons. 3. Bath application of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine (1 microM) or idazoxan (1 microM) significantly increased responses of LC neurons evoked by dendritic glutamate application. These antagonist treatments also transiently decreased, and then increased, spontaneous discharge activity in LC neurons. 4. Alterations in spontaneous and glutamate-evoked activities after blockade of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors were not observed in LC neurons of reserpinized rats. This indicates that the altered LC activity and responsiveness to glutamate following alpha-2 antagonist treatment in nonreserpinized slices are mediated via blockade of effects of endogenously released noradrenaline. 5. The alpha-1 antagonist prazosin (1 microM) caused a small but reliable decrease in the spontaneous firing rate of LC neurons. After prazosin pretreatment, alpha-2 antagonists did not evoke the expected delayed increase in LC spontaneous firing and response to glutamate application. These results indicate that activation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors may contribute to the delayed increase in excitability of LC neurons after alpha-2 antagonist administration. The possible roles of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoreceptors in regulation of spontaneous discharge rate and glutamate-evoked responses in LC neurons are discussed.
TU‐D‐206‐02: Body Tomosynthesis Image Features and Artifacts

The current use of tomosynthesis for musculo-skeletal, abdominal, and thoracic imaging will be considered in four sections: A. Current Practice (M. Bath) : The presently available systems for body tomosynthesis will be reviewed and the current diagnostic applications described. B. Image Features and artifacts (M. FLynn): The consequence of a limited angle linear acquisition scan on image features and artifacts will be explained. C. Radiation Dose (J. Sabol): The organ dose associated with common tomosynthesis protocols will be reported and compared to the dose for radiographic and computed tomography procedures. D. Acceptance testing and Quality Assurance (K. Jones): Recommended medical physics acceptance test will be described and appriate programs for quality assurance discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Learn how body tomosynthesis is currently being used in diagnostic radiology. 2.Understand how scan acquisitions can be designed to optimize image content and minimize artifacts. 3.Learn to radiation dose associated with common protocols. 4.Understand how to best evaluate a newly purchased tomosynthesis system. J. Sabol, Presenter is an employee of GE Healthcare.
A physical model for surface wave azimuthal anisotropy

abstract Surface wave phase velocities as functions of azimuth at a period of 100 sec are presented for a representative oceanic structure in which azimuthal anisotropy is caused by flat, elliptical, horizontal, liquid-filled cracks. On such a model, cracks which cause a 0.6 per cent azimuthal variation in Rayleigh-wave phase velocities produce only a 0.02 per cent azimuthal variation in Love-wave phase velocities.
InGaAs Inversion Layer Mobility and Interface Trap Density From Gated Hall Measurements

In this letter, we use gated Hall method for direct measurement of free carrier density and electron mobility in inversion InGaAs MOSFET channels. At room temperature, the highest Hall mobility of 1800 cm2/Vs is observed at electron density in the channel $\approx 1\times 10^{12}$ cm $^{-2}$ . A comparison with mobility values estimated from transistor characteristics reveals a significant underestimation of mobility, which arises from overestimation of channel density obtained from $C$ – $V$ measurements. Temperature dependence of the electron mobility provides the evidence that remote Coulomb scattering dominates at electron density $ cm $^{-2}$ . Contrary to the capacitance-based methods commonly used for extraction of interface trap density, a gated Hall method can separate the contributions of fast-trapped charges and free carriers in the channel to the total charge of a MOS capacitor. This allows for reliable estimation of trap density at the III–V/high- $k$ interface including border traps. The results illustrate that even high-quality interfaces providing high-mobility transport suffer from fast border traps above the conduction band. In contrast with Si where the effect of border traps is negligible, in low density-of-state InGaAs channel material as much as half of the channel electrons can be trapped and excluded from transport, increasing switching energy and dissipated power.
Telecommunications Transmission Survivability Overview

An upper bound on communication network survivability is the connectivity of the underlying transmission plant. Connectivity is the proportion of network node pairs that remain connected after a network sustains damage. This paper gives the functional relation of connectivity to key network survivability parameters and describes a method to optimize connectivity per dollar.
Geographic Region Matters in the Relation Between Perceived Racial Discrimination and Psychiatric Disorders Among Black Older Adults.

Purpose of the study This study examined whether the relation between perceived racial discrimination and psychiatric disorders varied by large geographic region among Black older adults in the United States. Design and methods Black adults aged 55 or older who had experienced racial/ethnic-specific discrimination were drawn from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine main and interaction effects. Results Results show that there was a significant main effect of perceived racial discrimination, indicating that greater perceived discrimination was significantly associated with increased odds of having any past-year psychiatric disorder. The interaction of region by perceived racial discrimination was significant: The effect of perceived racial discrimination on any past-year psychiatric disorder was stronger among Blacks in the West than those in the South. Implications Findings suggest that whereas, in general, perceived racial discrimination is a risk factor for poor mental health among older Blacks, this association may differ by geographic region. Additional research examining reasons for this variation is needed.
Water splitting dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Research in artificial photosynthesis is driven by the goal of creating low-cost, integrated systems for the direct conversion of solar energy to high energy density fuels. Water-splitting dye-sensitized solar cells can in principle leverage the successful architecture, spectral tunability, and high quantum efficiency of regenerative photovoltaic dye cells toward this goal. In this article, we review the current development of both dye-sensitized photoanodes and photocathodes for water splitting. A detailed discussion of the individual components of photoanodes and photocathodes – semiconductors, sensitizers, and catalysts – is presented. We review experiments on the electron transfer kinetics that control the efficiency of water splitting, and highlight recent research on electrode architectures that can improve both the efficiency and stability of water-splitting dye cells.
Impact of actuator impedance characteristics on motor control of assisted hand movements

Robotic devices hold potential to improve hand rehabilitation outcome by providing consistent sensorimotor training. However, most robotic devices focus on simply reproducing ‘predefined’ kinematics of manual tasks without properly considering how human adapts to external assistance, while inherent impedance of the actuator could have a significant impact on the neural adaptation of human subjects. We thus examined the effects of the impedance characteristics of the actuators on human motor adaptation under external assistance. Four male subjects with no known impairment of hand function participated in an experiment, in which subjects performed hand open tasks (against resistance) while actuators of different impedance characteristics (pneumatic vs. motor) were used to provide assistance. It was found that the joint coordination pattern under pneumatic assistance was more similar to that of voluntary movements. More importantly, the pneumatic actuators improved agonist-antagonist ratio during movements. They also induced sustained contraction of task-related muscles during hold phase, while the activation of all muscles during hold phase decreased under motor assistance, possibly due to its poor backdrivability. Our results suggest that pneumatic-type actuators with low inherent impedance could provide many benefits compared to conventional electric motors, as it could reduce cocontraction of antagonist muscles of patients while effectively promoting active participation during training.
Remarks on Points in a Projective Space

In this paper we will survey some results and conjectures on the free resolutions of ideals of sets of points in projective r-space. For general sets, of points, there are conjectures of Lorenzini. A weaker statement, relevant to sets containing between r + 1 and 2r points has been proved by Green and Lazarsfeld [GL2], and they conjecture a necessary and sufficient condition on the set of points for the weaker statement to hold. As Green has noted, a part of their conjecture follows from a conjecture of ours (with Mike Stillman) on linear syzygies [EKS], and we explain this connection and the consequences of the known cases of the linear syzygy conjecture; in particular the conjecture holds for r ≤ 4. We also extend the result of Green-Lazarsfeld to deal with some larger sets of points.
Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Block Does Not Improve Analgesia after Arthroscopic Hip Surgery, but Causes Quadriceps Muscles Weakness: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial.

What We Already Know about This TopicHip arthroscopy is a surgical procedure growing in popularityThe optimal approach to postoperative analgesia has not been identifiedWhat This Article Tells Us That Is NewThe addition of preoperative fascia iliaca block using ropivacaine to the intraarticular inje
The Further Evolution of the Parental Imperative

Limitations of Gutmann's parental imperative (Chapter 10, this volume) are discussed in this paper. Although Gutmann is concerned with the impact of changing sex roles upon species survival, it could be argued that these same changes are essential for survival and are occurring out of necessity. The task then becomes recognition of the unique contribution that each person can make, irrespective of expected sex roles. Gutmann also regards the parental imperative as an important focus for explaining adult development. However, the parental imperative is only one of many important influences on the adult. Others might include career development and acquisition of property and stature. All of these theorectical explanations, however, remain to be tested by researchers; until then, Gutmann's model of the parental imperative provides a useful focal point.
Use of a Ciliated Protozoan as a Model System to Detect Toxic and Carcinogenic Agents

The ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia is proposed for use as a detector of agents hazardous to eukaryotic (true) cells. Two distinctly different bioassays were employed, the mutagenesis and photodynamic assays. The mutagenesis assay identifies genotoxic agents, and the photodynamic assay detects chemical agents which sensitize cells and organisms to lethality when exposed to near-ultraviolet (UV) light.
Cromoglycate mesogen forms isodesmic assemblies promoted by peptides and induces aggregation of a range of proteins

Disodium cromoglycate (5′DSCG) belongs to a class of nonamphiphilic molecules that form nematic chromonic liquid crystals in aqueous solutions. As the concentration increases, it is believed that the molecules first form isodesmic assemblies in water, which further align to form liquid crystal phases. However, the reports on isodesmic assemblies of 5′DSCG have been scarce. Herein, we show that the presence of peptides can promote the isodesmic assembly of 5′DSCG over a broad range of concentrations before reaching the liquid crystal phase. The presence of peptides can lower the 5′DSCG concentration in the aqueous solution to ∼1.5 wt% (from 11–12 wt%, forming a nematic liquid crystal phase) for isodesmic assembly formation. This result indicates a demixing between 5′DSCG and peptides in aqueous solution. We further explored this demixing mechanism to precipitate a wide range of proteins, namely, lectin A, esterase, lipase, bovine serum albumin, trypsin, and a pilin protein from bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that 5′DSCG caused the aggregation of all these proteins except trypsin. These results, along with past findings, suggest that 5′DSCG isodesmic assemblies have the potential to assist in protein purification and crystallization.
Perceptual image quality assessment through spectral analysis of error representations

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the statistics of error signals to assess the perceived quality of images. Specifically, we focus on the magnitude spectrum of error images obtained from the difference of reference and distorted images. Analyzing spectral statistics over grayscale images partially models interference in spatial harmonic distortion exhibited by the visual system but it overlooks color information, selective and hierarchical nature of visual system. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce an image quality assessment algorithm based on the S pectral U nderstanding of M ulti-scale and M ulti-channel E rror R epresentations, denoted as SUMMER . We validate the quality assessment performance over 3 databases with around 30 distortion types. These distortion types are grouped into 7 main categories as compression artifact, image noise, color artifact, communication error, blur, global and local distortions. In total, we benchmark the performance of 17 algorithms along with the proposed algorithm using 5 performance metrics that measure linearity, monotonicity, accuracy, and consistency. In addition to experiments with standard performance metrics, we analyze the distribution of objective and subjective scores with histogram difference metrics and scatter plots. Moreover, we analyze the classification performance of quality assessment algorithms along with their statistical significance tests. Based on our experiments, SUMMER significantly outperforms majority of the compared methods in all benchmark categories.
False positives in trans-eQTL and co-expression analyses arising from RNA-sequencing alignment errors

Sequence similarity among distinct genomic regions can lead to errors in alignment of short reads from next-generation sequencing. While this is well known, the downstream consequences of misalignment have not been fully characterized. We assessed the potential for incorrect alignment of RNA-sequencing reads to cause false positives in both gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and co-expression analyses. Trans-eQTLs identified from human RNA-sequencing studies appeared to be particularly affected by this phenomenon, even when only uniquely aligned reads are considered. Over 75% of trans-eQTLs using a standard pipeline occurred between regions of sequence similarity and therefore could be due to alignment errors. Further, associations due to mapping errors are likely to misleadingly replicate between studies. To help address this problem, we quantified the potential for "cross-mapping'' to occur between every pair of annotated genes in the human genome. Such cross-mapping data can be used to filter or flag potential false positives in both trans-eQTL and co-expression analyses. Such filtering substantially alters the detection of significant associations and can have an impact on the assessment of false discovery rate, functional enrichment, and replication for RNA-sequencing association studies.
Impact of fluorescence and autofluorescence on surgical strategy in benign and malignant neck endocrine diseases

Fluorescence and autofluorescence have been shown by several recent studies to be valuable adjuncts in identifying parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. The aim of this chapter is to review the impact of this new technology on surgical strategy concerning identification and preservation of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy, identification of parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism, and the potential role in thyroid cancer surgery.
Prevention of Early Readmissions in the Chronically Medically Ill Patient

Avoidable early hospital readmissions (30 days or fewer) in chronically medically ill patients have become a matter of importance in the U.S. healthcare system. Unexplained hospital-to-hospital variability wastes financial resources, results in Medicare/Medicaid penalties, and causes poor medical outcomes (including elevated death rates). The primary cause of this problem appears to be inadequate discharge preparation/planning. Behavioral factors, most commonly unrecognized cognitive impairment, play a significant role in early readmissions and may lead to dysadherence. Careful evaluation of psychological factors can enhance identification of the cognitively impaired patient, and permit psychoeducation of the patient/family to avoid future medical crises.
A Canvas Based Multi-Program Assessment System for ABET CAC and EAC Accreditations

This is an Innovative Practice Full Paper. This paper introduces a multi-program assessment system for a department offering multiple majors to seek accreditation from ABET CAC and EAC. The Canvas LMS is our mandated tool for faculty to set up course rubrics, assign grades, and communicate with students. However, it falls short on solving several of our data issues, including data retrieval, data separation, data sharing, data integration, and data security. The Canvas LMS provides no data download for individual rubric criteria of an instrument, hindering analysis to a more granular level. There is also no information to identify a student’s major, making data separation for different academic programs difficult. Faculty are reluctant to share student data on Canvas for integration, worrying about a violation to FERPA. Moreover, data sharing and data integration can increase the risk of data security. Our assessment system is built atop of Canvas and is a service oriented web application for faculty to assess student performance and generate instrument reports. The reports reveal only computed statistics for data sharing, integration and security purposes. The provided web services can interact with another system to distinguish student majors and consolidate instruments whose rubric criteria cover the same performance indicators (PIs). The system is a safe and sound methodology to conquer our data problems and can facilitate both formative and summative analyses for the program outcomes evaluation.
Automatic Traits Extraction and Fitting for Field High-throughput Phenotyping Systems

ABSTRACT High-throughput phenotyping is a modern technology to measure plant traits efficiently and in large scale by imaging systems over the whole growth season. Those images provide rich data for statistical analysis of plant phenotypes. We propose a pipeline to extract and analyze the plant traits for field phenotyping systems. The proposed pipeline include the following main steps: plant segmentation from field images, automatic calculation of plant traits from the segmented images, and functional curve fitting for the extracted traits. To deal with the challenging problem of plant segmentation for field images, we propose a novel approach on image pixel classification by transform domain neural network models, which utilizes plant pixels from greenhouse images to train a segmentation model for field images. Our results show the proposed procedure is able to accurately extract plant heights and is more stable than results from Amazon Turks, who manually measure plant heights from original images.
Improved IF Estimation of Multi-Component FM Signals Through Iterative Adaptive Missing Data Recovery

In this paper, we address a challenging problem of accurate instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation of multicomponent non-linear frequency modulated (FM) signals with distinct amplitude levels in the presence of missing data samples. In such scenarios, it is often difficult to resolve the weaker signal components. Besides, missing data-induced artifacts spread in the time-frequency (TF) domain, further complicating IF estimation. We propose a method that iteratively performs missing data recovery in the time-lag domain based on the least squares criterion in conjunction with signal-adaptive TF kernels. The proposed technique successfully resolves signal components with distinct amplitude levels, preserves a high resolution of the auto-terms and achieves robust TF distributions by mitigating the undesired effects of cross-terms and artifacts due to missing data samples. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through various simulation results.
Distributed Energy Sharing within Community: A Game-Theoretic Double Auction Approach

This paper proposes a double auction-based mechanism that captures the interaction within a community consisting of distributed solar power prosumers and consumers. All agents are assumed to have battery energy storage systems, and can use battery for time-of-use arbitrage. Sellers and buyers can optimize the charging/discharging schedules of their battery systems for community sharing to reduce electricity costs. To determine the market clearing price, a non-cooperative game is formulated among all participants involved in the community sharing. To solve the game, an iterative algorithm is first designed to determine the clearing price and energy trading amount during each round of auction. Then, an adaptive pricing strategy is designed to assist agents better understand the market. A case study with 10 agents is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed community sharing market.
Shifting the Gross Domestic Product: A Narrative Through AI and ICT

Demand and supply still remain the main instruments in determining the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in gross domestic product growth. There is an increasing body of research, investigating the determinants of economic growth in China. Most studies have focused on technology, which has resulted in increased demand for new products and services. This demand on the supply side naturally accounts for the increase in efficiency in production of services, goods and infrastructure. The market forces of demand and supply depend on: knowledge spillovers, triadic patents, and people employed in the high-tech sectors. Although increases in innovation stemming from R&D activities are palpable, the extent of economic growth is contingent on the market size (IMF, 2004). This paper investigates the relationship between exogenously-determined growth, proxied by ICT imports, and endogenous drivers of economic growth, by employing ICT exports. The paper verifies the hypothesis by employing a machine learning approach to Pearson’s correlation and employs the Augmented Dickey- Fuller test to test for multicollinearity. The study postulates evidence-based policy recommendations that facilitate transition of the Chinese economy towards innovation-driven and consumer-led economy.
I/O Architecture, Substrate Design, and Bonding Process for a Heterogeneous Dielet-Assembly based Waferscale Processor

Demand for large amounts of parallelism is growing rapidly for today's computing systems. This is due to the proliferation of applications such as graph processing, data analytics, machine learning, etc. which require a large number of processing cores and a large amount of memory bandwidth. Often systems comprising of many individual packaged chips are employed to run these applications. However, inter-package communication has not scaled well and this bottleneck threatens the performance scaling of these applications. One way to alleviate this bottleneck is to build waferscale processors where many compute cores and memory blocks can communicate efficiently at very high bandwidths. In this work, we attempt to build a many-core waferscale processor using heterogeneous dielet assembly on the Silicon Interconnect Fabric (Si-IF) technology. The design and implementation of a dielet based waferscale processor have their own set of challenges. Some of the challenges include (1) design of area and energy efficient highly parallel I/O cells, (2) Si-IF substrate design and its impact on signaling and power delivery, and (3) reliable and efficient dielet-to-wafer bonding process. In this work, we will discuss the solutions to these three challenges that we employed in our dielet and Si-IF substrate design. Our custom-designed I/O cell is only $157.8\mu m^{2}$ , which is 95% smaller than the standard cell I/Os and consumes only about 0.075pJ/bit. We co-designed the dielets with the Si-IF substrate to ensure that we can achieve on-chip like communication characteristics for inter-dielet communication. This helps us to seamlessly partition a large design into fine-grained dielets. For delivering power to the dielets across an entire wafer, we use power delivery from the edge of the wafer. This scheme results in large resistive power loss, and as a result, we designed a novel power management unit on each tile to provide reliable power to the core circuitry in the dielets. Lastly, we briefly discuss the copper-gold bonding process and the heterogeneous dielet assembly scheme we developed for an efficient and reliable assembly process. Shear tests show that the bond strength achieved with this process is ∼113.3 MPa which is >5x compared to the previously reported bond strength for gold-gold bonding.
One-to-many matching and section-based formulation of autonomous ridesharing equilibrium

Abstract This paper models autonomous ridesharing — multiple travelers simultaneously riding one shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) — in a network equilibrium setting with mixed SAV and human-driven vehicle (HV) traffic. We make two major methodological contributions. First, a novel one (SAV)-to-many (riders) matching is proposed to characterize the waiting times of an SAV and multiple travelers who share rides in the SAV during online matching, which is a nontrivial generalization of the one-to-one matching without ridesharing. Our matching characterization considers the possibilities of a traveler matched with an SAV starting from the same origin, whereto the SAV moved unoccupied as a result of either pickup or relocation, or with an in-service SAV that goes through the traveler's origin. Second, a section-based formulation for SAV ridesharing user equilibrium is introduced to characterize the SAV traveler flow, which accommodates the possibility that an SAV traveler's itinerary (OD pair) is different from that of the serving SAV and other travelers in the SAV. Unlike the existing link and route based ridesharing formulations, the notion of section both prevents undesired traveler en-route transfer(s) and allows travelers of multiple ODs to share rides, meanwhile respecting the SAV seat capacity constraint. In addition to the above two methodological contributions, the optimal SAV fleet size, fare, routing, and allocation (to in-service, pickup, and relocation states) decisions of a transportation network company (TNC) are formulated. The TNC decisions anticipate traveler reactions as characterized by a new multimodal autonomous ridesharing user equilibrium (MARUE), which is put forward with a proof of its existence and finds the endogenous market shares and road congestion effects of SAV/HV. Original insights are obtained from model implementation, including substantial systemwide benefit of ridesharing, marginal benefit of relocation in the presence of ridesharing, and diminishing economies of SAV size.
The Collins–Roscoe structuring mechanism, D-spaces and related topics

We study the relationship between the Collins–Roscoe structuring mechanism and D-spaces. We introduce the notion of κ-sheltering and σ-sheltering point networks. We show that σ-sheltering (F) spaces are D-spaces which improves the results of Gruenhage and Yuming, and also show that Σ⁎-products of σ-sheltering (F) spaces are also σ-sheltering spaces. In addition, we show that ω1-sheltering (F) spaces are Dσ-spaces and transitively D-spaces. As a corollary, monotonically normal ω1-sheltering (F) spaces are paracompact.
Knowledge-based approaches to the maintenance of a large controlled medical terminology.

Objective : Develop a knowledge-based representation for a controlled terminology of clinical information to facilitate creation, maintenance, and use of the terminology. Design : The Medical Entities Dictionary (MED) is a semantic network, based on the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), with a directed acyclic graph to represent multiple hierarchies. Terms from four hospital systems (laboratory, electrocardiography, medical records coding, and pharmacy) were added as nodes in the network. Additional knowledge about terms, added as semantic links, was used to assist in integration, harmonization, and automated classification of disparate terminologies. Results : The MED contains 32,767 terms and is in active clinical use. Automated classification was successfully applied to terms for laboratory specimens, laboratory tests, and medications. One benefit of the approach has been the automated inclusion of medications into multiple pharmacologic and allergenic classes that were not present in the pharmacy system. Another benefit has been the reduction of maintenance efforts by 90%. Conclusion : The MED is a hybrid of terminology and knowledge. It provides domain coverage, synonymy, consistency of views, explicit relationships, and multiple classification while preventing redundancy, ambiguity (homonymy) and misclassification.
Performance analysis and optimal structuring of subchannels for discrete multitone transceivers

A smart algorithm for the decomposition of a channel into its subchannel in the discrete multitone communications is proposed in this paper. This algorithm evaluates the unevenness and energy distribution of the channel spectrum in order to get a variable adaptive partitioning of the channel. It is shown that the proposed algorithm leads to a near optimum performance of the discrete multitone transceiver. This flexible and smart splitting of the channel suffers less from the aliasing problem that exists in blind decompositions using fixed transforms. This paper extends the fixed discrete multitone to the flexible unequal bandwidth multichannel concept which has significant potentials for performance improvements in high-speed digital communications.
The Generation of Warm Dense Matter Samples Using Fast Magnetic Compression

Our understanding of warm dense matter (WDM) properties will help to unravel the formation and evolution of giant planet, including gaseous giants or mega-Earths. However, the production of WDM in the laboratory is limited to samples on the order of tens of micrometers. This raises many challenges to measure the properties of WDM using standard diagnostics. In this paper, we propose a new method to produce WDM samples using pulsed-power machines. We numerically demonstrate that the early expansion phase of the sample, usually encountered in pulsed-power systems, can be virtually eliminated using a current switching scheme. To avoid mixing the plasma and WDM states, the present strategy uses a gas-puff $Z$ -pinch as a closing plasma switch. During the first part of the discharge, most of the current flows inside a gas-puff $Z$ -pinch, preventing the heating of the sample. During this phase, the gas $Z$ -pinch radially converges toward the sample. When the $Z$ -pinch finally reaches the sample, all the $Z$ -pinch current switches to the sample and rapidly heats it. The strong azimuthal field generated by the $Z$ -pinch prevents the expansion of the sample. If the initial gas pressure is carefully chosen, the sample reaches a quasi-homogeneous WDM state. The efficiency of the method allows one to produce millimeter-size WDM samples with a 500-kA pulser.
DE-NOISING USING WAVELETS AND CROSS VALIDATION

The aim of this paper is to present numerical results for noise reduction performed by modified wavelet reconstruction. The paper addresses the automatic choice of the related threshold/shrinkage parameter without any prior knowledge about the noise variance. We show that the cross validation method can be a helpful tool for making this choice. We give numerical examples using orthogonal and semi-orthogonal wavelets.
Transgenic crops: Engineering a more sustainable agriculture?

Transgenic crops currently available foruse potentially provide environmental benefits, suchas reduction in insecticide use and substitution ofless toxic for more toxic herbicides. These benefitsare contingent on a host of factors, such as thepotential for development of resistant pests,out-crossing to weedy relatives, and transgenic cropmanagement regimes. Three scenarios are used toexamine the potential sustainability of transgeniccrop technologies. These scenarios demonstrate thatexisting transgenic varieties, while potentiallyimproving the sustainability of agriculture relativeto existing chemical based production systems, fail inenabling a fully sustainable agriculture. Genetictraits that have a higher potential for promoting asustainable agriculture have been precluded fromdevelopment for a number of reasons. These include thelack of EPA and USDA regulatory policies thatexplicitly promote sustainable traits; the structureof the agricultural biotechnology industry, which isdominated by agricultural chemical companies; andpatent law and industry policies that proscribe farmhouseholds from saving transgenic seed and tailoringtransgenic crops to their local environmentalconditions – ecological, social, and economic.
Functional Requirements for C 3 I Large Screen Displays

Functional Requirements for C3I Large Screen DisplaysPaul T. Breen, Jr.Applied Technology Department, The MITRE CorporationMail Stop E073, Burlington Road, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730AbstractRepresentative functional requirements for large screen displays (LSDs) in C3I applica-tions are developed including requirements for the C3I facility as well as for the LSDequipment. Performance metrics are defined for LSD and commentary provided on the utilityof these metrics and contemporary technical specifications for available LSD products.IntroductionLarge Screen Displays (LSDs) have been part of typical C3I command and control facilitiesfor many years. In its simplest form, plexiglass plotting boards are employed to presentgraphical and tabular information related to the intended mission to the audience within thefacility. More recent implementations involve the use of LSDs driven by computers and /orvideo sources. The particular approach used regarding format differs from center to centerwith available space being a dominant factor in defining exact approach. That is to say, insome centers a scrolling approach is employed while in others, a billboard technique is used.With the increased desire to have separate groups within the same or separate centerssharing common data, the need for group viewing displays appears to be further solidified.In this paper, the concerns of the C3I community regarding LSDs will be addressed; thecharacteristics of representative C3I facilities within both fixed and mobile facilitiesdescribed; the expectations of LSD performance for C3I applications will be discussed;observations on the critical metrics for C31 LSD presented; and, conclusions drawn as to thefuture of C3I LSDs. The author will not address the rhetorical question, "Is there utilityin C3I large screen displays "? This is a loaded question full of emotional context.
An automated test facility for Space robots

The Space Systems Automated Integration and Assembly Facility (SSAIAF), a software support environment that will support the design and testing of fault tolerant Space robots, is discussed. The architecture of the simulation and control environments (SCE) is discussed, major SCE elements are reported, and the use of the SCE in the simulation cycle is displayed. >
A laser induced fluorescence study of vibrational energy transfer in dideuteromethane

Abstract V—V and V—T/R rates of ν1, ν2, ν3, ν6, ν8, and ν9 of CH2D2 were measured and are reported. The deactivation efficiencies of rare gas collision partners were measured and calculated by SSH theory, the results are reported and discussed. Possible V—V pathways are presented and discussed.
Infrequent causes of stroke.

This article discusses infrequently seen stroke syndromes which account for less than 5% of all strokes. Infrequent causes of stroke are organized into various categories based on the underlying source. The etiology of most strokes are related to (A) arterial disorders, (B) blood disorders, (C) cardiac disorders, (I) infectious etiologies, and (T) toxin-related. The ABC-IT mnemonic makes it easier for clinicians to categorize and recall the infrequent causes of stroke. Treatment of infrequent stroke syndromes mirrors that of the more common causes, with emphasis on appropriate acute therapy of the underlying etiology.
Persistence of myeloma protein for more than one year after radiotherapy is an adverse prognostic factor in solitary plasmacytoma of bone.

BACKGROUND Prognostic factors for solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), whether measured before or after radiotherapy (RT), have not been established. The authors analyzed multiple factors for myeloma-free survival (MFS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in SPB patients treated with RT alone. METHODS Between 1965 and 2000, 60 patients with carefully staged SPB were treated with RT alone at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Patient ages ranged from 29–77 years (median, 54 years), and 75% of patients had a myeloma (M) protein in the blood and/or urine. No patients showed other lesions on skeletal survey or, in recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine; marrow aspirate was normal in all patients. Radiotherapy to the solitary lesion was given to a total dose of 30–70 Gy (median, 46 Gy). The authors analyzed the impact of multiple factors on MFS and CSS, including resolution v. persistence of M protein after RT, secretory v. nonsecretory disease at diagnosis, presence v. absence of an associated soft tissue mass on computed tomography or MRI scan, magnitude of serum M protein elevation at diagnosis, age, spinal v. nonspinal location, Karnofsky performance status, total RT dose, and tumor size. RESULTS Median follow-up was 7.8 years (range, 1.0–25.5 years). On multivariate analysis, persistence of M protein more than one year after RT was the only independent adverse prognostic factor for MFS (P = 0.005) and CSS (P = 0.04). Most patients with M protein that persisted for more than one year after RT were diagnosed with multiple myeloma within 2.2 years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with M protein that persists for more than one year after RT should be monitored frequently and considered for standard chemotherapy followed by intensive consolidation therapy when they either develop symptoms or show an increasing M protein level. Cancer 2002;94:1532–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10366
Linear dimension reduction and Bayes classification with unknown population parameters

Abstract Odell and Decell, Odell and Coberly gave necessary and sufficient conditions for the smallest dimension compression matrix B such that the Bayes classification regions are preserved. That is, they developed an explicit expression of a compression matrix B such that the Bayes classification assignment are the same for both the original space x and the compressed space Bx . Odell indicated that whenever the population parameters are unknown, then the dimension of Bx is the same as x with probability one. Furthermore, Odell posed the problem of finding a lower dimension q p which in some sense best fits the range space generated by the matrix M . The purpose of this paper is to discuss this problem and provide a partial solution.
Participant and parent experiences in the oral insulin study of the Diabetes Prevention Trial for Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To assess the experiences of participants and parents of children in the oral insulin study of the Diabetes Prevention Trial – Type 1. Method: Before trial results were publicized, surveys were completed by 124 participants and 219 parents of children in the oral trial. Results: Although most of those surveyed were positive about the trial, survey results suggest that participant perspective (adult, child, parent, and gender), study procedures, and beliefs about placebo vs. active drug assignment have important implications for planning future clinical trials. Parents and children reported greater distress, worry, and difficulty making the decision to join the trial compared with adult participants. Mothers and female participants were particularly interested in additional psychosocial support during the study. Random assignment was viewed negatively by both parents and children, and close observation for diabetes onset was viewed as the most favorable aspect of the study. Adherence to study procedures declined over time and behaviors outside the study protocol to prevent/delay diabetes onset were common, particularly among those who believed the participant was taking a placebo. Children and respondents who believed that the participant was taking the active drug expressed confidence in oral insulin’s ability to delay or prevent type 1 diabetes. Conclusions: Although most participants were positive about the trial and many expressed optimism about the intervention’s potential for success, future trials need to address negative reactions to random assignment, the unique concerns of children and their parents, declining adherence, and behaviors – external to the trial – designed to delay or prevent diabetes.
Base-catalyzed polymerization of maleimide and some derivatives and related unsaturated carbonamides

Basic catalysts in dimethylacetamide solution initiated the polymerization of maleimide to yield a low molecular weight polymer which has a copolymer structure. Approximately 75–85% of the recurring units are formed by hydrogen transfer and 15–25% by vinyl polymerization, as shown by hydrolysis, to yield aspartic acid on the one hand and ammonia and polymaleic acid on the other. Several maleimide derivatives have been prepared, but none has given a high molecular weight polymer by basic catalysis. Some unsaturated carbonamides such as p-vinylbenzamide, mono-N-acrylyl-hexamethylenediamine, and mono-N-acrylyl-p-phenylenediamine have been synthesized and polymerized by basic catalysts. Polymers with low molecular weights were obtained, but the complete structures of all these polymers were not established.
A study of s - wave π π scattering in the reaction π+n → π0π0p at 2.15 GeV/c

Abstract We have studied the 2 π 0 final states in the reaction π + d → π 0 π 0 p(p) at 2.15 GeV/ c in a 2 million picture exposure of the PPA rapid cycling deuterium bubble chamber. Two tantalum plates were added to the bubble chamber to convert γ rays which were kinematically constrained to a 2 π 0 hypothesis. The 2 π 0 mass spectrum is observed to saturate s-wave unitarity in the ππ mass region between 0.6 and 0.9 GeV/ c 2 , clearly favoring the ‘up-down’ or broad resonance solution for s-wave, I = 0, ππ scattering.