cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of the Ki-67-associated proliferative antigen in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: A prospective Southwest Oncology Group trial

The growth fraction of tumors from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) has been shown to correlate with survival in retrospective studies. The growth fraction can be evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques employing the Ki-67 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that marks a nuclear protein present in cycling cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the Ki-67 MoAb for predicting survival. Using a prospective trial design in a multi-institutional cooperative trials group, the proliferative index, clinical outcome, and statistical correlations were independently assessed for previously untreated patients with advanced stages of intermediate- and high-grade histologies of NHL treated on Southwest Oncology Group study (SWOG 8516, Intergroup 0067). The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells was determined on snap-frozen thin tissue sections. A proliferative index of 80% or greater, as determined from prior retrospective studies, identified a group of patients (18%) who had a poor outcome. Overall survival was significantly reduced in these patients with a high Ki-67-associated proliferative index compared with those with a low proliferative index (P = .001). One-year survival estimates were 82% (low proliferative index) versus 18% (high proliferative index). A multivariate regression analysis incorporating commonly used clinical prognostic features confirmed the independent effect of proliferation on survival (relative risk estimate 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.2, 16.1). The Ki-67 MoAb identifies a group of patients with rapidly fatal NHL for whom currently available chemotherapy is inadequate.
OPTIMIZATION OF ISOTHERMAL HOT ROLLING PARAMETERS USING ANSYS AND LS-DYNA

Manufacturers of rolled materials are always striving to reduce the costs associated with production—be they time, material, or waste. This is especially true with the manufacture of next-generation particle-reinforced materials, such as those used in high-value automotive components. Process variables such as temperature, roller speed, and plate dimensions, among others, all affect strength, ductility, and anisotropy of the hot rolled plate. Manipulation of the thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) parameters can help to optimize mechanical properties, which would reduce waste and improve quality. A parametric study was conducted via ANSYS and LS-DYNA to numerically simulate symmetric hot rolling. The TMP parameters have been varied to characterize how geometric and material properties confer a mechanical response for single-pass isothermal rolling. This approach to virtual processing represents a means by which manufacturers can lower the time, material, and scrap costs associated with developing new, high-value components. Conditions that minimize edge cracking as predicted by a ductility model are presented.
Documenting Practices: The indexical centering of medical records

This paper explores how organizational members use documents to share their knowledge within and across work settings. I suggest that organizational studies of distributed knowledge sharing and information systems would greatly benefit from the linguistic analysis of communicative practices. Specifically, the paper highlights the notion of indexical centering as formulated by the linguistic anthropologist William Hanks and demonstrates its analytical power in studying documenting as a communicative practice. Drawing on a 15-month, multi-sited ethnographic study in several pediatric healthcare settings, the paper focuses on how two doctors compose and use two medical histories found in two distinct medical information systems. The analysis suggests that the doctors use documents to index the temporal, spatial, and participatory dimensions of their knowledge sharing. They do so by indexing, on the one hand, the participants, times and places for their communicative practices and, on the other hand, the participants, times and places of their general care practices. The indexical analysis allows us to perceive documents, as more than mere vessels for knowledge transfer among organizational members, but as an integrated part of how people structure their work practices and situate their knowledge sharing in complex distributed organizational settings.
Research: Effective queueing strategies for co-scheduling in a pool of processors

We consider a connected set of workstations as a 'pool of processors' and develop a queueing model to analyse the performance of optimal co-scheduling algorithms. The pool of processors model was originally developed for the Amoeba operating system. It was also used in the design of the recent IBM supercomputer model 9076 SPI. Recently, co-scheduling has been suggested as an approach for scheduling computationally intensive tasks in the pool of processors model. Co-scheduling algorithms select the best possible subset of workstations for a task to minimize its completion time. The queueing model developed here allows us to investigate the dynamic performance of co-scheduling algorithms from the system point of view under several queueing strategies. We use six different queueing strategies in combination with co-scheduling, and compare the results to the M/M/m system, where arriving tasks would be assigned to workstations as whole computations, and no co-scheduling would take place. The results show that the co-scheduling approach is viable under a wide range of system parameters. Moreover, performance differences of queueing strategies tend to diminish as the number of workstations grows. This suggests that co-scheduling is universally applicable across the queueing disciplines considered here when there are a large number of workstations.
Cryogenic thermal absorptance measurements on small-diameter stainless steel tubing

The Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope includes a mechanical cryocooler which cools its detectors to their 6 Kelvin operating temperature. The coolant gas flows through several meters of small-diameter stainless steel tubing, which is exposed to thermal radiation from its environment. Over much of its length this tubing is gold-plated to minimize the absorption of this radiant heat. In order to confirm that the cryocooler will meet MIRI's requirements, the thermal absorptance of this tubing was measured as a function of its environment temperature. We describe the measurement technique and present the results.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition and the spinal release of prostaglandin E2 and amino acids evoked by paw formalin injection: a microdialysis study in unanesthetized rats

Injection of formalin into the hind paw evokes a biphasic flinching of the injured paw. Pharmacological characterization of this behavior has implicated the spinal release of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and cyclooxygenase (COX) products. To address this hypothesis, we examined the effect of paw formalin injection on release of EAAs and prostaglandin E2-like immunoreactivity (PGE2-LI) from the spinal cord in unanesthetized rats using a dialysis probe placed in the lumbar subarachnoid space. To assess the contribution of spinal COX products, the effects of S(+)- and R(-)-ibuprofen (active and inactive COX inhibitors) were examined. Paw formalin injection evoked a biphasic spinal release of PGE2-LI with an increase above resting concentrations of 110% in the 0-10 min sample, and of 83% in the 20-30 min sample. Significantly increased release of glutamate (Glu; 110%) and aspartate (Asp; 112%) was only observed in the 0-10 min sample. Saline injection into the paw had no effect on behavior, PGE2-LI, or EAA release. Intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg, but not 1 mg/kg, S(+)-ibuprofen reduced paw flinching, blocked the elevated levels of PGE2-LI, and suppressed Glu and Asp release to 50% of control. Intrathecal delivery of 10 micrograms, but not 1 microgram, S(+)-ibuprofen also suppressed formalin-induced behavior, PGE2-LI, Glu, and Asp release. R(-)-ibuprofen showed no effect on formalin-induced behaviors or spinal release. These data demonstrate that paw formalin injection produces spinal release of PGE2-LI corresponding to the biphasic behavioral response and that the evoked release is blocked by antinociceptive doses of COX inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A survey of power and energy efficient techniques for high performance numerical linear algebra operations

A thorough survey of energy efficient techniques for linear algebra operations.A complete list of valuable research efforts.A deeply review of all aspects of feasible solutions.Detailed discussion and comprehensive comparison.Thought-provoking directions of future research are provided. Extreme scale supercomputers available before the end of this decade are expected to have 100 million to 1billion computing cores. The power and energy efficiency issue has become one of the primary concerns of extreme scale high performance scientific computing. This paper surveys the research on saving power and energy for numerical linear algebra algorithms in high performance scientific computing on supercomputers around the world. We first stress the significance of numerical linear algebra algorithms in high performance scientific computing nowadays, followed by a background introduction on widely used numerical linear algebra algorithms and software libraries and benchmarks. We summarize commonly deployed power management techniques for reducing power and energy consumption in high performance computing systems by presenting power and energy models and two fundamental types of power management techniques: static and dynamic. Further, we review the research on saving power and energy for high performance numerical linear algebra algorithms from four aspects: profiling, trading off performance, static saving, and dynamic saving, and summarize state-of-the-art techniques for achieving power and energy efficiency in each category individually. Finally, we discuss potential directions of future work and summarize the paper.
Multiple Object Fiber Optic Spectroscopy

The Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona employs short optical fiber lengths to bring light from galaxy images at the 2.3 m telescope's focus to a line along a spectrograph slit, thereby obtaining simultaneous spectra of many objects of the field of view. After describing this instrument, attention is given to the development of an improved version through which efficiency gains will be obtained by remotely positioning the fibers under computer control and by correctly matching fiber outputs to the spectrograph optics. A CCD will replace the presently employed image tube and photographic plate detector system, in order to permit sky subtraction, yield increased dynamic range, and provide more accurate wavelength calibration due to the detector's fixed format.
The effects of digitalis on atrioventricular conduction in man

Abstract The effects of acute digitalization on atrioventricular conduction were studied in eleven normal subjects. P-R intervals were compared during normal sinus rhythm and at several identical heart rates produced by right atrial pacing before and after the intravenous administration of a therapeutic dose of ouabain (0.5 to 0.75 mg.). Digitalis produced a consistent decrease in the sinus heart rate with a mean decrease of 8 beats per minute. Because of this change in heart rate, the effect of digitalis on the P-R interval during sinus rhythm was variable. However, comparisons of P-R intervals at identical heart rates revealed a consistent prolongation in A-V conduction time following digitalis, with a mean increase of 27 msec. or 11 per cent. This effect was not abolished by prior atropinization. There were no premature ventricular contractions, T-wave inversions, changes in the QRS or ST segments, nor any subjective signs of digitalis toxicity. Thus a therapeutic dose of digitalis can be shown to prolong the A-V conduction time in the absence of any signs of digitalis intoxication.
Adsorbed-phase heat capacities : Thermodynamically consistent values determined from temperature-dependent equilibrium models

In this paper, adsorbed-phase heat capacities are determined from thermodynamic relations (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, 42, 6938−6948; J. Phys. Chem. 1999, 103, 2467−2479) applied to temperature-depe...
Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement Due to Gas Injection Into an Impinging Liquid Jet

An experimental parametric investigation has been performed to assess the effect of gas injection on convective heat transfer from a constant heat flux surface to an impinging liquid jet in the absence of boiling. Capillary tubes were inserted into a planar nozzle and extended to a point near the nozzle opening along the nozzle midplane. Air was used as the gas phase and water was used as the liquid phase. The air was injected into the capillary tubes and combined with the water to form a two-phase jet. Convective heat transfer coefficients were enhanced by factors as high as 2.2 near the stagnation line and 1.6 at a distance of five jet widths with no discernible change in pressure drop in the water supply system. Results are generalized in terms of Martinelli`s parameter for two phase flows and are referenced to conditions for single phase, liquid jet results to facilitate heat transfer estimations in applications.
New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatography of aflatoxins.

Abstract Three new solvent systems have been developed for the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 . Solvent system “A” is an analytical adsorption chromatography system which changes the usual resolved sequence of aflatoxins to B 1 , G 1 , B 2 , and G 2 . Solvent “B” is a liquid partition chromatography system which is very good analytically and has the resolution needed to make its use for preparative TLC practical. The third TLC solvent system, “C”, is an adsorption chromatography system which is excellent both analytically and preparatively. Solvent system “C” requires two developments or three hours of continuous development to give the maximum degree of resolution.
Effect of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in dogs

The effect of IMX on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion has been studied in dogs equipped with gastric cannulas. After determining the histamine dose response, IMX, histamine, and IMX plus histamine were given by a constant intravenous infusion for 3 h, and acid was collected at 15-min intervals. In a separate series of experiments a single dose of 100 mg of db-cAMP was given 1 h after initiation of infusion of IMX, histamine, and histamine plus IMX. Results show that IMX, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, is a weak stimulant of acid secretion, and augments histamine-stimulated secretion. However, during stimulated acid secretion, there were no significant changes in tissue cAMP levels, Administration of exogenous dib-cAMP did not produce any significant changes in acid secretion in dogs, but did contribute to elevated cAMP levels.
Aging Attenuates the Vestibulosympathetic Reflex in Humans

BACKGROUND: The vestibular system contributes to sympathetic activation by engagement of the otolith organs. However, there is a significant loss of vestibular function with aging. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if young and older individuals differ in their cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to otolithic stimulation (ie, head-down rotation, HDR). We hypothesized that responses to otolithic stimulation would be attenuated in older adults because of morphological and physiological alterations that occur in the vestibular system with aging. METHODS AND RESULTS: Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and head rotation were measured during HDR in 11 young (26 +/- 1 years) and 11 older (64 +/- 1 years) subjects in the prone posture. Five older subjects performed head rotation (chin to chest) in the lateral decubitus position, which simulates HDR but does not alter afferent inputs from the vestibular system. MSNA responses to HDR were significantly attenuated in older as compared with young subjects (P<0.01). MSNA increased in the older subjects by only 12 +/- 5% as compared with 85 +/- 16% in the young. Furthermore, HDR elicited significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure in older (Delta-6 +/- 1 mm Hg; P<0.01) but not young subjects (Delta1 +/- 1 mm Hg). In contrast to HDR, head rotation performed in the lateral decubitus position did not elicit hypotension. MSNA responses to baroreceptor unloading and the cold pressor test were not different between the age groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that aging attenuates the vestibulosympathetic reflex in humans and may contribute to the increased prevalence of orthostatic hypotension with age.
Stochastic analysis of variations of electromagnetic properties of composite mixtures

A stochastic collocation method is presented to evaluate the variations of homogenised electromagnetic properties of composite mixtures. The proposed method transforms the stochastic analysis into a number of deterministic simulations. A numerical example shows the effectiveness and efficiency of this technique compared with the Monte Carlo approach.
How Much Does Performance Matter? A Meta-Analysis of CEO Pay Studies

Through a meta-analytic review of the empirical literature on the determinants of CEO pay, this study tests the hypothesized relationships between firm size, performance, and CEO pay. We show that firm size accounts for more than 40% of the variance in total CEO pay, while firm performance accounts for less than 5% of the variance. We also show that pay sensitivities are relatively similar for both changes in size (5% of the explained variance in pay) and changes in financial performance (4% of the explained variance in pay). The meta-analysis also suggests that moderator variables may play an important role, but we were unable to test for this.
Group size and the free-rider hypothesis: An examination of new evidence from churches*

Conventional economic wisdom maintains that expansion of group size exacerbates group members' free riding tendencies. Nevertheless, experimental studies attempting to account for the effects of group size on free riding have failed to support a pure “numbers effect.” This study corroborates these experimental findings by examining contributions of church members from congregations of three prominent U.S. Protestant denominations. As a whole, these results show that, for congregations ranging from 7 members to 3,294 members, per member contributions do not decline with increased membership. The free-rider problem does not appear to be exacerbated by increases in group size.
Spectral Analysis and Experimental Modeling of Ice Accretion Roughness

A self-consistent scheme for relating wind tunnel ice accretion roughness to the resulting enhancement of heat transfer is described. First, a spectral technique of quantitative analysis of early ice roughness images is reviewed. The image processing scheme uses a spectral estimation technique (SET) which extracts physically descriptive parameters by comparing scan lines from the experimentally-obtained accretion images to a prescribed test function. Analysis using this technique for both streamwise and spanwise directions of data from the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) are presented. An experimental technique is then presented for constructing physical roughness models suitable for wind tunnel testing that match the SET parameters extracted from the IRT images. The icing castings and modeled roughness are tested for enhancement of boundary layer heat transfer using infrared techniques in a "dry" wind tunnel.
Patterns of referral and recovery in women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

This study compares women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Factors before and after coronary surgery were examined to identify variables related to mortality and morbidity. The study population included 465 women and 465 men matched for age (mean age 64.2 years) who underwent first time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 1983 and 1988. There were higher incidences of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, postmyocardial infarction angina, thyroid gland disease, arthritis (p less than 0.001 for all), acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.03), congestive heart failure (p = 0.03), and emergency surgery (p = 0.02) in women, whereas more men had peptic ulcer disease (p less than 0.001). The in-hospital death rate was not significantly different (women 4.3% vs men 3.7%). For all subjects, emergency surgery (p less than 0.001), significant left main narrowing (p less than 0.05) and renal disease (p less than 0.001) were related to death, whereas history of myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05) and diabetes (p less than 0.05) were related to death only in men. Age and body surface area were not related to death. After surgery men had a higher incidence of atrial arrhythmia (p less than 0.001), and women had a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (p less than 0.001). Although women did not have a higher mortality rate, the data suggest that women and men do not share all the same predictors of mortality after surgery.
Effects of Gypsum Soil Amendments on Avocado Growth, Soil Drainage, and Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi

Infection of avocado seedlings by Phytophthora cinnamomi in infested soil was decreased by 71% by the addition of gypsum soil amendments in replicated greenhouse experiments. Root weights and total seedling weights were not significantly increased by gypsum amendments compared with unamended soil; however, the significant reduction in total seedling weight and root weight caused by P. cinnamomi was largely eliminated by the addition of gypsum. Fresh organic matter amendments alone did not significantly affect the total fresh weight or root weight of avocado seedlings. Root fresh weight was decreased in uninfested soil amended with 5% gypsum and organic matter, but in infested soils, the same treatment increased root fresh weight. Root fresh weight of mature avocado trees in an uninfested grove was not significantly affected by gypsum soil amendments. Avocado seedlings grown in gypsum-amended soil and the roots inoculated with suspensions of Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores were no more resistant than seedlings grown in unamended soil. Permeability of avocado root membranes, as determined by the amount of 86Rb exuded from root segments over time, was unaffected by growth in gypsum-amended soil. Infiltration of water into soil amended with fine-grade gypsum was impeded initially; whereas soil amended with coarse drywall gypsum drained faster than unamended soil. Drainage was not correlated with root infection of avocados grown in soil infested with P. cinnamomi and amended with gypsum. It appears that large reductions in infection of avocado seedlings by P. cinnamomi in gypsum-amended soil are not caused by an avocado growth response, increased root resistance, or reduced root membrane permeability. Infection is not markedly affected by poor drainage when the soil is amended with high levels of gypsum.
Extremum seeking control of a nonholonomic mobile robot with limited field of view

We present an extremum seeking control (ESC) scheme for mobile robots with nonholonomic constraints. Many sensors, such as cameras, have a limited field of view. If a target function is based on such sensors, correct robot orientation is critical for optimizing the target function. Our approach is novel in that it will maximize a target function that is a function of robot position and orientation, while overcoming the nonholonomic constraints that prevent simple motion along the gradient of all degrees of freedom. Stability analysis proves our ESC scheme is well behaved and the robot will settle in the neighborhood of a maximum of the target function. Simulation results elucidate performance for different tasks.
Chicken liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: Purification and some properties☆

Abstract An improved procedure is described for the purification of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FbPase) from chicken liver. The purified enzyme shows a single band in gel electrophoresis either in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. From 200 g of frozen liver, we have obtained about 29 mg of homogeneous enzyme, with the pH profile indistinguishable from that of the enzyme in crude extracts. The overall recovery of enzyme activity is about 71%. The FbPase protein was estimated to represent approximately 0.36% of the total soluble protein of crude liver extract. Treatment of purified enzyme with papain or subtilisin results in a rapid increase in activity at pH 9.2 and a gradual decrease at pH 7.5, while digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin results in a concomitant decrease in activities at both pH 9.2 and 7.5. The rates of hydrolysis by these four proteases are all markedly decreased in the presence of AMP. Both AMP and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate increase the thermal stability of the enzyme, and their effects are additive. Attempts were made to investigate the structural requirements for histidine activation. The results suggest that activation by this amino acid involves not only the imidazole ring but also the α-amino and α-carboxyl groups.
Opendra "bill" Narayan (1936-2007): A personal tribute to a friend, teacher, and colleague

Globally renowned HIV researcher Opendra “Bill” Narayan, of the University of Kansas Medical Center, died unexpectedly at the age of 71. Bill, a veterinarian and virologist, obtained fame over a decade ago after creating a type of HIV that resulted in a disease in monkeys that resembled AIDS in humans. His outstanding accomplishments and contributions in the field were a testimony to the Pioneer Award in neurovirology that he received in 2006. Reflections from his past trainees about his mentoring and teaching skills and their interactions with him are a small tribute to this larger than life legend. Opendra “Bill” Narayan, an internationally recognized scientist and pioneer in AIDS research, died on December 24, 2007 at the age of 71. For those people in so many fields who knew him, his death has left a large void. Born in Essequibo, Guyana in November 1936, Bill developed a fascination for natural sciences from an early age, and this attraction led him to pursue a career in science. He received his doctorate in veterinary medicine at the University of Toronto, Canada in 1963 and his doctorate in the mechanisms of viral disease at the University of Guelph in 1970. Bill’s interest in animal viruses took him in 1972 to the laboratory of Dr. Richard T. Johnson, a preeminent neurovirologist, in the Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions (JHUMI). It was in 1973 that he initiated and pioneered studies on infection in sheep with slow-moving viruses, called lentiviruses. When it was discovered 15 years later that HIV belonged to the lentivirus family, Bill’s research took on a whole new direction. “When HIV was isolated and it was discovered that it was also a lentivirus, Bill was in an ideal position to play a leadership role,” wrote Diane E. Griffin, Professor and Alfred and Jill Sommer Chair of the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore. It is his pioneering work on visna and subsequently for the development of animal model of AIDSand HIV-associated dementia with which his name will forever be linked. Bill’s dedication and passion for science raised him through the ranks at JHMI to Professor and Director of the Retrovirus Biology Laboratory. His deep sense of social responsibility and his concern about making a worthwhile contribution to benefit mankind were reflected in his choice of research topics in a career spanning almost four decades. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol (2008) 3:1–4 DOI 10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y
Outcome and Toxicity for Patients Treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We evaluate long-term disease control and chronic toxicities observed in patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 302 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy between July 2000 and May 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Risk groups (low, intermediate and high) were designated based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Biochemical control was based on the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (Phoenix) consensus definition. Chronic toxicity was measured at peak symptoms and at last visit. Toxicity was scored based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.Results: The median radiation dose delivered was 75.6 Gy (range 70.2 to 77.4) and 35.4% of patients received androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were followed until death or from 6 to 138 months (median 91) for those alive at last evaluation. L...
Reduced 10-year risk of coronary heart disease in patients who participated in a community-based diabetes prevention program: the DEPLOY pilot study.

OBJECTIVE—We evaluated whether participation in a community-based group diabetes prevention program might lead to relative changes in composite 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk for overweight adults with abnormal glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used the UK Prospective Diabetes Study engine to estimate CHD risk for group-lifestyle and brief counseling (control) groups. Between-group risk changes after 4 and 12 months were compared using ANCOVA. RESULTS—Baseline 10-year risk was similar between treatment groups (P = 0.667). At 4 and 12 months, the intervention group experienced significant decreases in 10-year risk from baseline (−3.28%, P < 0.001; and −2.23%, P = 0.037) compared with control subjects (−0.78%, P = 0.339; and +1.88%, P = 0.073). Between-group differences were statistically significant and increased from the 4- to 12-month visits. CONCLUSIONS—Community-based delivery of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention could be a promising strategy to prevent both CHD and type 2 diabetes in adults with pre-diabetes.
Eucalyptol is an Attractant of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus Glabratus

The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has become established in the southeastern United States. The beetle transmits the causal pathogen of lethal laurel wilt to susceptible host trees, which include redbay, an important forest community species, and avocado, a valuable food crop. By examining odors of redbay wood, we developed an artificial lure that captured X. glabratus in redbay forests. Eucalyptol was a critical component of the blend for beetle attraction, and eucalyptol alone in large quantities attracted X. glabratus. Furthermore, eucalyptol stimulated boring by X. glabratus into paper arenas. The results suggest that eucalyptol contributes to host selection behavior of X. glabratus and may be useful for management of this pathogen vector.
An evidence-based approach to adjuvant therapy for stages I–II endometrial cancer

Abstract To review the literature in order to determine which patients with stages I–II of the endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) require adjuvant therapy to achieve the best results with the least adverse effects. A medline literature search was done encompassing years 1980–2000 to locate references describing therapeutic approaches for patients with early stage EC. Factors reviewed include surgical pathologic criteria which would suggest increased risk of recurrence, outcomes from trials using adjuvant therapy, complications associated with use of adjuvant therapy and surveys on the patterns of care of use of adjuvant therapy. Thorough surgical staging has identified pathologic criteria which when present increase the risk of recurrence and have led to the use of post-operative therapy usually pelvic radiation therapy. Randomized trials with post-operative radiotherapy have shown improved local control, but none have shown a statistical improvement in survival. While radiation therapy after thorough surgical staging is associated with a greater complication risk than radiation after simple hysterectomy, thorough surgical staging has the benefit of being able to identify those patients at highest risk and thus spare those from the toxicity and expense of adjuvant therapy when the patient is in a low-risk group. Surveys of patterns of care suggest that in the absence of surgical staging more patients receive radiation therapy. There have been few reported trials on the use of adjuvant hormonal therapy or cytotoxic therapy and none have reported a survival benefit. Pelvic radiotherapy following surgery for EC improves local control but a survival benefit has not been shown. Thorough surgical staging with lymph node sampling best identifies those patients with an increased recurrence risk allowing the fewest patients to be subjected to the additional expense and potential toxicity of post-operative radiotherapy.
Different nuclear binding sites for antiestrogen and estrogen receptor complexes.

Experiments were performed to determine the in vivo effect of various estrogens and antiestrogens on the nuclear accumulation and retention of estrogen receptors, the cytoplasmic levels of estrogen receptors, and the formation of salt-resistant and salt-extractable forms of the nuclear estrogen receptor in immature rat uteri. A 5 µg injection of estradiol-17β (E2) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) resulted in a maximal nuclear translocation of the receptor complexes by 1 h with a subsequent rapid decrease of both the estradiol receptor complex (ERC) and diethylstilbestrol receptor complex (DRC) to levels found in uteri of saline-injected rats by 12 h. However, the antiestrogens U-ll,100A, zuclomiphene and enclomiphene (100 µg/injection) resulted in a slower nuclear accumulation of receptor complex which continued to increase through 24 h. The cytosol receptor levels with E2 and DES were depleted to 10–20% of control levels within 1 h, but then were replenished so that they were above control levels by 24 h. The...
The future of cardiac surgery: the times, they are a changin'.

See page 1812 centers, is an effective operation that has produced good short-term and long-term outcomes. Any fundamental technical innovation within cardiac surgery during this period of time has been relatively modest for many reasons. There has been an understandable reluctance to tamper with success and neither the competitiveness of practice nor medical and legal considerations consistently reward technological innovation in the United States practice setting. Financial imperatives at many institutions have provided impetus for surgeons to concentrate on standard procedures that were important for the economic well-being of the institution. The changes that have occurred in bypass surgery have been mostly incremental improvements of the standard operation, including arterial grafting, off-pump surgery, small incision surgery, and endoscopic conduit harvesting. Even many of these modifications have been adopted only by a minority of surgeons. However, technical innovation in the anatomic treatment of cardiovascular disease outside of our specialty has been dramatic and profound, particularly in regard to percutaneous technologies. The disruptive technology of percutaneous transluminal intervention (PCI) of coronary artery disease has progressed from the primitive and relatively ineffective use of balloon angioplasty in the late 1970s to the reproducible and largely safe interventions employing drug-eluting stents and platelet inhibitors that are available today for the treatment of a greatly increased proportion of patients with coronary artery disease. Whether or not PCI will produce the equivalent long-term outcomes in the treatment of patients with severe life-threatening coronary artery disease that have been noted with surgery is not yet clear; but it is evident that the procedure-related risks and medium-term outcomes of PCI have become better and more consistent today so that PCI is the most common anatomic treatment for coronary artery disease. Valvular heart surgery has benefited from improvements in prostheses and in myocardial protection, but again these have been iterative improvements rather than dramatic, discontinuous, conceptual innovations in
Persons Who Most Impress Gifted Youth

A study of the persons who most impressed gifted youth was conducted with 125 gifted students enrolled in a summer residential program. Students were asked to indicate the person who most impressed them and to include the reason(s) why that person was chosen. The most frequently chosen category of individuals was family members (44.8%), then persons doing a specific job (15.2%), comrades or friends (12.8%), persons in the world of arts and culture (12%), political/historical figures (8.0%), sports figures (4.8%), and moral and religious personalities (2.4%).
Error resilient video encoding using Block-Frame Checksums

In this paper, a soft error resilient video encoder design is presented. The design uses the inherent architecture of modern video encoders as a basis for building a checksum based error detection mechanism. Modern video encoders use previously coded data in a video sequence as a reference to encode future data. Data prediction is efficient in terms of compression, but it enables errors to potentially affect large portions of a video sequence. The proposed Block Frame Checksum based error correction technique improves video quality by limiting error propagation. The design provides an on-line, end-to-end error detection scheme that minimizes the impact of soft-errors on video quality without reprocessing data. Additionally, scalable checksum processing provides a trade-off between power used for error detection and video quality.
Genetic analysis of hybrid sterility within the species Drosophila pseudoobscura

A local race of Drosophila pseudoobscura in the high Andes near Bogota, Colombia, is separated from the rest of the species in the U.S.A., Mexico, and Guatemala by a geographic gap. There is no premating isolation between Bogota and U.S.A. flies; hybrids are fertile as females; hybrid males are also fertile in the U.S.A. ♂ x Bogota ♀ cross, but sterile in the reciprocal cross. Some males in the progenies of backcrosses are fertile and others sterile. The genetic basis of the sterility is complex. One or several genes in both limbs of the X-chromosome, and in the second and third chromosomes, are involved. While the F1 hybrid males are either all fertile or all sterile depending upon which races are the female and male parents, the different recombination classes among the backcross hybrids differ only in that some of them are more and others less likely to be sterile. The most probable explanation is that the eggs deposited by hybrid females are influenced by the chromosome complement of the mother (maternal effect). Quantitative variations of the fertility-sterility frequencies are however found also in the backcrosses in which the hybrid parent is the male. The sterility is here a threshold character. The Y-chromosomes and the inversion polymorphisms in the third chromosomes of Bogota resemble those of Guatemalan populations. The Bogota local race is probably rather old, and genetically divergent from the main body of the species.
Standing Arterial Waves Is NOT Fibromuscular Dysplasia

We report 2 cases in which patients were misdiagnosed as having fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) due to the finding of standing arterial waves on lower extremity angiography. #### Patient 1 A 40-year-old woman with a 3-year history of chronic fatigue, as well as bilateral exertional upper and lower extremity pain, was referred to our center for suspected FMD due to the finding of diffuse beading noted in multiple arterial segments on lower extremity angiography performed at another institution (Figure 1). Her vascular examination was unremarkable except for nonpalpable pulses at the anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arterial bilaterally, which likely represented an anatomic variant. Ankle-brachial indices were normal at rest and after treadmill exercise was terminated due to bilateral leg pain. Plethysmographic tracings of the toes were dampened and toe-brachial indices were mildly reduced, findings that were attributed to mild vasospasm. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at the outside facility showed normal renal arteries. Repeat arteriography demonstrated no significant stenoses or beading pattern in the …
Cytogenetics of Laboratory Colonies of Simulium vittatum Cytospecies IS-7 (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Laboratory colonies of the black fly Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt cytospecies IS-7 were analyzed cytogenetically and compared with the original New York population from which source material was collected 18 yr earlier. All sex chromosomes and major autosomal polymorphisms that were present in the source population were still represented in the laboratory colonies. However, the extent of sex linkage and the frequencies of four of the five major autosomal inversions changed significantly in at least one colony, perhaps because of bottlenecks experienced by the colony. A complete absence of males homozygous for the IS-7 inversion in both field and colony material is explained by postulating that the Y2 chromosome, representing the inverted condition for the IS-7 sequence, is absent from the population or acts as a rare reproductive lethal. This example possibly represents pseudo-partial sex linkage involving the X-linked sequences.
Effects of the NMDA antagonist CP-98,113 on regional cerebral edema and cardiovascular, cognitive, and neurobehavioral function following experimental brain injury in the rat.

The present study examined the effects of CP-98,113, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, on cardiovascular variables, neurobehavioral motor function, spatial memory deficits, and cerebral edema formation following lateral (parasagittal) fluid-percussion (FP) brain injury in the rat. In Study 1, we compared the cardiovascular effects of i.p. administration of CP-98, 113 at 15 min postinjury at doses of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg (n=8/dose). Animals receiving 1 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg CP-98,113 showed slight but nonsignificant decreases in blood pressure, while those receiving the highest dose (20 mg/kg) showed significant hypotension. Based upon those observations, the 5 mg/kg dose was chosen as the optimal dose for subsequent behavioral studies. In Study 2, 15 min following lateral FP brain injury of moderate severity (2.5 atm), animals randomly received either CP-98,113 (5 mg/kg, i.p., n=23) followed by a 24-h subcutaneous infusion (1.5 mg kg-1 h-1) by means of a miniature osmotic pump, or identical volume of vehicle (n=24), and were evaluated for neurologic motor function (n=11/drug vs. 11/vehicle), memory function, and cerebral edema (n=12/drug vs. 13/vehicle). CP-98,113 (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated neurologic motor dysfunction at 24 h (p<0.01) and 2 weeks (p<0.05) postinjury, reduced posttraumatic impairment in spatial memory observed at 48 h postinjury (p<0.001), and significantly reduced focal brain edema in the cortex adjacent to the site of maximal injury at 48 h postinjury (injury penumbra) (p<0.001). These results suggest that blockade of the NMDA receptor may attenuate the deleterious sequelae of traumatic brain injury.
THE INHIBITION OF PHOSPHORIBOSYL-PYROPHOSPHATE AMIDOTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY BY CORDYCEPIN MONOPHOSPHATE.

1. 1. Cordycepin monophosphate has been shown to inhibit the activity of phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate amidotransferase (ribosylamine-5-phosphate:phyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating), EC 2.4.2.14) obtained from both pigeon liver and Bacillus subtilis. 2. 2. Evidence is presented for the existence of a phosphorylated derivative of cordycepin in Bacillus subtilis cells which were grown in the presence of cordycepin. 3. 3. These results, accompanied by previous evidence, suggest that the inhibition of this enzymatic reaction may be the mechanism by which cordycepin inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis.
Performance of a Cantilever Retaining Wall

Earth pressure cells, tiltmeters, strain gauges, inclinometer casings, and survey reflectors were installed during construction of a reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall. A data acquisition system with remote access monitored some 60 sensors on a continual basis. Analyses of the data indicated development of the active condition after translation of about 0.1% of the backfill height. The wall rotated into the backfill as a rigid body, but the top of the stem deflected away from the backfill, approximately equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the displacement from rigid body rotation. Loading on the wall back-calculated from strain gauge readings was consistent with active earth pressure. The maximum lateral force, about the same as the design value, occurred during compaction of the backfill. Observations that differed from standard assumptions included the passive earth pressure in front of the shear key being less than 10% of the design value and vertical stress below the heel being greater than the toe. Compaction-induced lateral stresses on the stem were sometimes twice the vertical stress.
Anorexia nervosa, athletics, and amenorrhea.

We examined menstrual function in two groups of patients meeting the DSM III criteria for anorexia nervosa who differed only in their physical activity. Sixteen athletes with anorexia nervosa were compared with eight sedentary patients who had anorexia nervosa. Athietic patients with anorexia were found to have lower gonadotropin levels, a longer period of amenorrhea both before significant weight loss and after weight rehabilitation, and a higher weight at the time of resumption of menses than patients with anorexia who were sedentary. However, both groups were markedly undernourished, had amenorrhea before significant weight loss and after weight rehabilitation, and had lower gonadotropin levels than normal subjects. These data suggest that the increased physical activity offen seen in patients with anorexia nervosa worsens, but does not cause, menstrual dysfunction.
A practical guide to global illumination using ray tracing and photon mapping

This course serves as a practical guide to ray tracing and photon mapping. The notes are mostly aimed at readers familiar with ray tracing, who would like to add an efficient implementation of photon mapping to an existing ray tracer. The course itself also includes a description of the ray tracing algorithm.There are many reasons to augment a ray tracer with photon maps. Photon maps makes it possible to efficiently compute global illumination including caustics, diffuse color bleeding, and participating media. Photon maps can be used in scenes containing many complex objects of general type (i.e. the method is not restricted to tessellated models). The method is capable of handling advanced material descriptions based on a mixture of specular, diffuse, and non-diffuse components. Furthermore, the method is easy to implement and experiment with.This course is structured as a half day course. We will therefore assume that the participants have knowledge of global illumination algorithms (in particular ray tracing), material models, and radiometric terms such as radiance and flux. We will discuss in detail photon tracing, the photon map data structure, the photon map radiance estimate, and rendering techniques based on photon maps. We will emphasize the techniques for efficient computation throughout the presentation. Finally, we will present several examples of scenes rendered with photon maps and explain the important aspects that we considered when rendering each scene.