cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A semiempirical compressed-natural-gas tank-filling model created for a novel self-refueling vehicle system

A semiempirical reciprocating compressor model was developed to characterize the time response of the pressure within a compressed-natural-gas storage tank. The model assumes isentropic compression...
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Novel Strategies for Monitoring and Implications for Treatment in Stroke

In cryptogenic stroke, prolonged cardiac monitoring is often employed to search for and diagnose atrial fibrillation (AF). Multiple monitoring modalities with multiple durations of monitoring exist. Finding atrial fibrillation after an ischemic stroke is extremely important as anticoagulation is the standard of care and results in the lowest stroke recurrence rate. The protocol at our institution is to carry out 30-day mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT) in all patients with cryptogenic stroke. If this MCOT fails to reveal AF, yet the suspicion is high based on the presence of clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic factors, we may proceed to use an implantable cardiac monitor. When AF is diagnosed after cryptogenic stroke, regardless of its duration and assuming no contraindications exist, anticoagulation is recommended with either warfarin or one of the DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants).
Hybocrinid and disparid crinoids from the Middle Ordovician (Galena Group, Dunleith Formation) of northern Iowa and southern Minnesota

Four hybocrinid and disparid crinoids from the Middle Ordovician Dunleith Formation (Galena Group) of northern Iowa and southern Minnesota are described: Hybocrinus conicus Billings, Ohiocrinus levorsoni n. sp., Caleidocrinus (Huxleyocrinus) gerki n. sp., and Ectenocrinus simplex (Hall). The first three taxa are rare. Ectenocrinus simplex is an abundant and protean form ranging from the Shermanian to the Maysville and from the Appalachians to the Midcontinent. One Middle Ordovician specimen from the Dunleith is a complete small adult with stem and a lichenocrinid holdfast. The column was largely upright with the crown located about 25 cm above the seafloor. The Middle Ordovician crinoids differ somewhat from the later Cincinnatian material where only young E. simplex exhibit lichenocrinid holdfasts. Older crinoids became detached and were eleutherozoic well before the column was 25 cm long. Thus, the Cincinnatian individuals lost the attachment device earlier during ontogeny than their ancestors in the Middle Ordovician. Unlike most associated crinoids, E. simplex formed a roughly conical filtration net. The arms of E. simplex are extensively branched. Ten main arms bear unbranched ramules on alternate brachials, and the arm structure converges on the pinnulate pattern. Narrow food grooves and short covering plates are present. Analogies with living crinoids indicate that small food particles were caught by small and close-spaced tube-feet. The formation of new plates and ramules at the arm tips increases the size of the food-gathering system throughout ontogeny. The food-gathering capacity comprises the number of food-catching tube-feet times the width of the food grooves, and it measures the number and size of food particles that can be caught. Both size and capacity of the food-gathering system are positively allometric compared to crown volume and the amount of tissue that must be nourished. This is mainly caused by the addition of new ramules at the arm tips, which generates an exponentially increasing plate supply rate. Examination of numerous specimens from various geographic and stratigraphic horizons with multivariate statistics shows that the species was homogeneous throughout its range aside from the differences in living habits mentioned above.
Experimental and theoretical study of the decomposition of [Zn(NO 3 ) 3 ] -

Abstract Zinc nitrate anion complexes, [Zn(NO 3 ) 3 ] − and [ZnO(NO 3 ) 2 ] − , were generated by electrospray ionization and studied by tandem mass spectrometry. Dissociation of [Zn(NO 3 ) 3 ] − yields two direct fragments, [ZnO(NO 3 ) 2 ] − and NO 3 − . In contrast, the [ZnO(NO 3 ) 2 ] − complex produces several zinc-containing fragments. Three direct elimination products from [ZnO(NO 3 ) 2 ] − are identified as [Zn(NO 2 )(NO 3 )] − , [ZnO 2 (NO 3 )] − , and [ZnO(NO 3 )] − . The [ZnO 2 (NO 3 )] − product undergoes further elimination of O 2 to yield either [ZnO(NO 2 )] − or [Zn(NO 3 )] − . Theory predicts a mixture of the product isomers, [ZnO(NO 2 )] − and [Zn(NO 3 )] − , is formed due to similar energetics. The increased reactivity of [ZnO(NO 3 ) 2 ] − is attributed to radical anion character on the unique oxygen atom.
Altered Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Patients Treated with Imatinb.

Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase that effectively inhibits the bcr-abl fusion protein in Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive CML and c-kit , which is overexpressed in gastrointestinal stomal tumors (GIST). We identified a group of patients treated with Imatinib at Memorial Hospital who developed low phosphate (PO4) levels and studied metabolic bone and mineral parameters associated with this finding. A total of 61 patients who received a prescription for Imatinib from the hospital pharmacy were screened to determine whether a PO4 level had ever been drawn. Of these, 26 had at least one PO4 level, and 10 of these (38%) had a low value ( Results of Bone Metabolism Two patients who temporarily stopped Imatinib had normalization of their PO4, which again decreased upon resumption of the drug. In summary, patients who develop hypophosphatemia while on Imatinib have low-normal to mildly low serum Ca++ but elevated PTH, elevated FEPO4, low-normal levels of N-telopeptide, very low levels of osteocalcin, and low levels of bone alkaline phosphatase. These values distinctly differ from patients with either inherited or tumor induced forms of hypophosphatemia with renal phosphate wasting (X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, adult dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, and tumor-induced osteomalacia). Our preliminary data suggest that in some patients, Imatinib results in profound suppression of bone formation and mild suppression of bone resorption, leading to a state of hypodynamic bone remodeling. Further investigation is planned comparing patients on Imatinib who become hypophosphatemic and those who do not. Better characterization of bone and mineral metabolism in this setting is important for several reasons: (1) myalgias from Imatinb, a common side effect, may be related to hyphophosphatemia and correctible with appropriate replacement; (2) while these data are premature, it is conceivable that Imatinib might be useful in situations where suppression of bone formation and turnover is desirable, such as in osteoblastic bone metastases, osteopetrosis, and other diseases of abnormally increased bone formation.
The “Reasonable Person” Standard for Research Informed Consent

As addressed by Sugarman (2017), the additional informed consent requirements incorporated in the revised Common Rule present some of the most intriguing aspects of the updated regulatory scheme. T...
Factors That Influence Treatment Completion for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe factors associated with noncompletion of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who initiated LTBI treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, or isoniazid-rifapentine at 5 clinics. Demographic, treatment, and monitoring characteristics were abstracted. We estimated descriptive statistics and compared differences between completers and noncompleters using t tests and χ 2 tests. Results: The rate of completion across LTBI regimens was 66% (n = 393). A greater proportion of noncompleters were unmarried, used tobacco and/or alcohol, and had more medical problems than completers (all P P Conclusions: Patients at risk of progression to active tuberculosis with factors associated with noncompletion may benefit from interventions that enhance adherence to LTBI therapy. These interventions could include enhanced outreach, incentive programs, or home visits.
Using Ambiguity Detection to Streamline Linguistic Annotation

Arabic writing is typically underspecified for short vowels and other markups, referred to as diacritics. In addition to the lexical ambiguity exhibited in most languages, the lack of diacritics in written Arabic adds another layer of ambiguity which is an artifact of the orthography. In this paper, we present the details of three annotation experimental conditions designed to study the impact of automatic ambiguity detection, on annotation speed and quality in a large scale annotation project.
Embryonic migration relative to maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep.

Twenty-five crossbred ewes were utilized to examine the timing of embryonic migration relative to maternal recognition of pregnancy. These ewes also were utilized to examine whether ovine embryos synthesized estradiol-17 beta in association with embryonic elongation and intrauterine migration. Embryos were flushed on d 11 through 15 from hemiovariectomized ewes. Recovery of embryos from the uterine horn contralateral to the remaining ovary indicated that migration had occurred. Ewes subsequently were returned with rams to determine their interestrous interval. Recovered embryos were classified morphologically, their length determined and individually incubated. Changes in estradiol within the medium were determined after a 6-h incubation. Embryo migration began on d 14 (P less than .05); on consecutive days from 11 through 15, 0, 0, 0, 60 and 100% of ewes examined, respectively, had an embryo in the contralateral horn. Extended estrous cycles (greater than 20 d) were observed in 0, 0, 40, 80 and 100% of ewes examined (P less than .05) following removal of embryos on d 11 through 15 of the cycle. Ovine embryos were longer (P less than .05) on d 14 (4.8 +/- 1.1 cm length, mean +/- SE) compared with d 13 (.2 +/- .1 cm) and increased further (P less than .05) on d 15 (7.8 +/- 1.1 cm). Incidence of intrauterine migration was correlated with embryonic length (r = .83; P less than .01) and estradiol synthesis (r = .77; P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Control of a Three-Phase Hybrid Converter for a PV Charging Station

Hybrid boost converter (HBC) has been proposed to replace a dc/dc boost converter and a dc/ac converter to reduce conversion stages and switching loss. In this paper, control of a three-phase HBC in a Photovoltaic (PV) charging station is designed and tested. This HBC interfaces a PV system, a dc system with a hybrid plug-in electrical vehicles, and a three-phase ac grid. The control of the HBC is designed to realize maximum power point tracking for PV, dc bus voltage regulation, and ac voltage or reactive power regulation. A testbed with power electronics switching details is built in MATLAB/SimPowersystems for validation. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the designed control architecture. Finally, lab experimental testing is conducted to demonstrate HBC's control performance.
Ultra-thin, high-efficiency mid-infrared Huygens metasurface optics

Mid-IR transmissive meta-optics are experimentally demonstrated, capitalizing on material innovations and a novel two-component Huygens metasurface design. We present, for the first time, diffraction limited focusing and subwavelength imaging in the mid-IR using transmissive meta-optics.
PO-038 Pkc isoforms distinctively modulate telomerase expression and afp secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction Despite its role as a diagnostic and prognosis marker for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) plays a key role in advancing tumorigenesis and tumour expansion. Telomerase, an enzyme elongating telomere length, is upregulated in 80% of cancers including HCC. Our team had elucidated a modulation of AFP by telomerase and protein kinase C (PKC). PKC family is formed of several isoforms, each with a specific cellular function and expression. The aim of this study is to investigate the interrelation between PKC isoforms, telomerase and AFP in HCC. Material and methods PKC isoforms were quantified by RT-qPCR in two AFP secretory cell lines, HepG2/C3A and PLC/PRF/5 and two non-secretory AFP cell lines SNU-387 (hTERT+) and SKOV-3 (hTERT-). According to the results, the expression of four isoforms was suppressed by si-RNAs in HepG2/C3A and PLC cells. AFP and telomerase mRNA levels were quantified in transfected cells by q-PCR, and AFP secretion by ELISA. Toxicity and cell proliferation were assessed by WST-1. In order to examine the effect of the dual presence of AFP and hTERT on PKC isoforms, SNU-387 and SKOV-3 were transfected with AFP expression plasmid pCMV3-AFP, then PKC isoforms mRNA was assessed by qPCR. Results and discussions Four PKC isoforms, alpha, beta, delta and epsilon exhibited the highest expression levels in all cells compared to the remaining isoforms. An increase in telomerase expression, AFP expression and secretion and cell proliferation reaching a maximum of two folds was observed after individual gene silencing of the four isoforms in HepG2/C3A cells; however, an inverse pattern was noticed when using PKC pan inhibitor Go6983. Similar results were observed in PLC cell line. The expression of the four isoforms increased in SNU-387 and SKOV-3 cells after 24 hour transfection. The effect persisted after 48 hour in SNU-387, contrary to SKOV-3 where the levels decreased returning to the controls expression levels. Conclusion Taken together, decreased individual PKC isoforms rise telomerase expression and AFP secretion. However, PKC isoforms overexpression requires the presence of hTERT in AFP secretory cells. Thus, these results show for the first time the possible inter relation linking PKC isoforms to both AFP and hTERT in HCC.
Evaluation of seed coating treatment on maize (Zea mays L.) stand establishment and seed rot caused by Pythium species at early planting season

9 INTRODUCTION 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 RESULTS 18 DISCUSSION 30 LITERATURE CITED 32 USE OF POLYMERIC SEED COATINGS FOR REDUCING FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON MAIZE SEED FOR CONTROL OF SEED DECAY CAUSED BY PYTHIUM SPP. 35 ABSTRACT 35 INTRODUCTION 37 MATERIALS AND METHODS 38 RESULTS 44 DISCUSSION 56 LITERATURE CITED 60 GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 64
VLab: collaborative Grid services and portals to support computational material science: Research Articles

We present the initial architecture and implementation of VLab, a Grid and Web-Service-based system for enabling distributed and collaborative computational chemistry and material science applications for the study of planetary materials. The requirements of VLab include job preparation and submission, job monitoring, data storage and analysis, and distributed collaboration. These components are divided into client entry (input file creation, visualization of data, task requests) and back-end services (storage, analysis, computation). Clients and services communicate through NaradaBrokering, a publish/subscribe Grid middleware system that identifies specific hardware information with topics rather than IP addresses. We describe three aspects of VLab in this paper: (1) managing user interfaces and input data with JavaBeans and Java Server Faces; (2) integrating Java Server Faces with the Java CoG Kit; and (3) designing a middleware framework that supports collaboration. To prototype our collaboration and visualization infrastructure, we have developed a service that transforms a scalar data set into its wavelet representation. General adaptors are placed between the endpoints and NaradaBrokering, which serve to isolate the clients/services from the middleware. This permits client and service development independently of potential changes to the middleware. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiotic Social Spaces and Affinity Spaces From The Age of Mythology to Today's Schools

In this paper, I consider an alternative to the notion of a “community of practice” (Lave and Wenger 1991; Wenger 1998). This alternative focuses on the idea of a space in which people interact, rather than on membership in a community. I want to consider this alternative because I believe that the notion of what I will later call an “affinity space” is a particularly important contemporary social configuration with implications for the future of schools and schooling. The notion of a “community of practice” has been a fruitful one. However, it has given rise to several problems, some of which are:
Measurement Issues in Promoting Continued Competence

Purpose Promoting continued competence in nursing practice has always been of concern to staff development and continuing education educators. Recently it has reached new levels of significance. As a result of the proposals made by the Pew Commission Taskforce on Health Care Workforce Regulation and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the profession is re-examining the question, "How do we promote and assure continued competence?" The purpose of this article is to examine the measurement issues related to answering this question. Findings The nursing literature provides several definitions of competence, but none are operational. To measure a concept it must be operationalized. Mandatory continuing education, peer review, and practice or process audits have been used to assess continued competence. The measurement issues involved in assessing competence include selecting an appropriate measurement paradigm, selecting accurate measurement instruments, and interpreting the measurement data. Implications Staff development educators and nurse managers should collaborate in the establishment of standards of practice, the identification of essential competencies specific to the setting, and the development of appropriate methods of measurement of these competencies.
Innovations in the Treatment of Anxiety Psychopathology: Introduction

Abstract Behavioral and cognitive interventions have an established history of efficacy for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The majority of patients receiving these empirically supported interventions for anxiety exhibit improvement and these changes tend to be maintained following treatment. Moreover, emerging data suggest that cognitive-behavioral protocols can be effectively transferred to real-world settings such as primary care practices. On the other hand, historical reviews indicate that the relative efficacy of treatments for anxiety have not substantially improved over time. A further concern is that there are relatively few innovations in the treatment of anxiety during the past 20 years. Thus, we appear to have reached somewhat of a plateau with regard to treatment response, which would suggest a need to consider novel methods and approaches. This special series will describe new and innovative approaches to the treatment of anxiety psychopathology.
Structure-guided design of a pure orthosteric antagonist of integrin αlIbβ3 that inhibits thrombosis but not clot retraction

Platelet integrin IIb{beta}3 plays a critical role in both hemostasis and thrombosis. Current IIb{beta}3 antagonists are potent anti-thrombotic drugs, but also cause adverse outcomes, which limited their clinical use. Drug-induced serious bleeding, thrombocytopenia and paradoxical thrombosis have been linked to impaired clot retraction and to conformational changes in IIb{beta}3 that promote binding of preformed antibodies, natural ligands or both to IIb{beta}3. We have used structure-guided design to generate the orthosteric inhibitor Hr10 that acts as a pure IIb{beta}3 antagonist, i.e. it does not induce the conformational changes in IIb{beta}3. Hr10 is as effective as the partial agonist drug eptifibatide in blocking platelet aggregation and arteriolar thrombosis in mice. In contrast to eptifibatide, however, Hr10 preserved thrombin-induced clot retraction, suggesting that it may not perturb hemostasis. Our structure-based approach can find general utility in designing pure orthosteric inhibitors for other integrins, in providing vital tools for dissecting structure-activity relationships in IIb{beta}3, and potentially in offering safer alternatives for human therapy.
Decentralization: an incomplete ambition

ABSTRACTDecentralization is a term widely used in a variety of contexts, particularly in political science and discourses surrounding the Internet. It is popular today among advocates of blockchain...
The impact of novel compound 2'-hydroxyflavanone on proteomic networks of VHL-mutant renal cell carcinoma.

e13557 Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor is a major genetic factor that determines hypoxic acclimatization and response to therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our initial stud...
Disparities in Police Award Nominations: Evidence from Chicago

This study provides evidence of racial and gender disparities among police officers by examining a key metric of internal recognition: departmental award nominations. Using a novel dataset on Chicago police officers, we find that black (female) officers are significantly less likely to be nominated compared to their white (male) colleagues, even after controlling for cohort, age, experience, and key policing activity metrics such as arrests, uses of force, and complaints. Further, the discrepancy is likely not a result of statistical discrimination on the part of nominators, as the minority nominations gap grows among higher award percentiles.
Mentorship and Protégé Success in STEM Fields

Einstein believed that mentors are especially influential in a protege's intellectual development, yet the link between mentorship and protege success remains a mystery. We marshaled genealogical data on nearly 40,000 scientists who published 1,167,518 papers in biomedicine, chemistry, math, or physics between 1960 and 2017 to investigate the relationship between mentorship and protege achievement. In our data, we find groupings of mentors with similar records and reputations who attracted proteges of similar talents and expected levels of professional success. However, each grouping has an exception: One mentor has an additional hidden capability that can be mentored to their proteges. They display skill in creating and communicating prizewinning research. Because the mentor's ability for creating and communicating celebrated research existed before the prize's conferment, proteges of future prizewinning mentors can be uniquely exposed to mentorship for conducting celebrated research. Our models explain 34-44% of the variance in protege success and reveals three main findings. First, mentorship strongly predicts protege success across diverse disciplines. Mentorship is associated with a 2×-to-4× rise in a protege's likelihood of prizewinning, National Academy of Science (NAS) induction, or superstardom relative to matched proteges. Second, mentorship is significantly associated with an increase in the probability of proteges pioneering their own research topics and being midcareer late bloomers. Third, contrary to conventional thought, proteges do not succeed most by following their mentors' research topics but by studying original topics and coauthoring no more than a small fraction of papers with their mentors.
A Methodology for Integrating Project Based Learning Outcomes and Attributes via Questionnaire.

Higher educational institutions around the world are integrating project based learning into their teaching methodologies. Despite its many advantages coupled with its increasing popularity, the project based learning approach has encountered difficulties in its implementation and assessment due to a diverse range of complexities. These complexities in the application of project based learning necessitates a qualitative assessment methodology that can assess the effectiveness its implementation and serve to improve future iterations of the exercise. This paper aims to increase the effectiveness of project based learning approach by building on student’s feedback through a comprehensive questionnaire. The questionnaire maps twenty questions with four outcomes through fifteen attributes. Each attribute was linked to at least two questions, while each question on average contributed to the evaluation of three attributes. This research will enhance the learning process in a way that students can apply their knowledge more effectively by providing a comprehensive methodology for project based learning assessment using the provided questionnaire. The selected outcomes and attributes are based on complex engineering problems and will be directly relevant to any engineering curriculum.
Emotion Task Analysis: Proposing a Tool for the Assessment of Emotional Components in a Task:

Emotion is critical to human experience and is an integral part of perception, cognition, and behavior. While the mechanisms and precise measurement of emotion has been debated in the literature, r...
Information Credibility under Authoritarian Rule: Evidence from China

Do citizens under authoritarian rule trust government information? To answer this question, I compared citizen statements and movement trajectories from smartphone social media communication in rea...
Transmission Lines on Alumina Ribbon Ceramic Substrate Material for 30 to 170 GHz Wireless Applications

New material technologies must be explored to realize high-performance packages for meeting the stringent requirements defined in the fifth generation (5G) and sub-THz frequency bands. To this end, electrical properties of the new materials such as dielectric constant (relative permittivity) and loss tangent need to be characterized along with the loss of interconnects on these substrates to investigate their suitability for mm-wave applications. In this paper, a newly developed material technology at Corning, namely, Alumina Ribbon Ceramic is introduced, and $\mathrm{40}-\mu\mathrm{m}$ -thick Alumina Ribbon Ceramic is characterized in the frequency range of 30-170 GHz using microstrip ring resonator (MRR) method. In addition, various planar transmission lines such as microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines are designed and fabricated on a $40-\mu\mathrm{m}$ -thick Alumina Ribbon Ceramic using a Semi-Additive Patterning (SAP) process to evaluate the performance of interconnects in decibels per millimeter (dB/mm) up to 170 GHz. Based on the measurements, the dielectric constant of Alumina Ribbon Ceramic is found to be steady around 9.87 and the extracted loss tangent varies from 0.0003 to 0.0013 in 30-170 GHz. Moreover, the average measured insertion loss of microstrip lines is between 0.089 dB/mm to 0.29 dB/mm from 30 GHz to 170 GHz. For the CPW lines, the average measured insertion loss varies from 0.053 dB/mm to 0.242 dB/mm in 30-170 GHz. According to the comparisons made with state-of-the-art substrate technologies, the CPW lines on Alumina Ribbon Ceramic exhibit the best performance in terms of loss (dB/mm) up to 170 GHz. These results demonstrate the excellent electrical properties of Alumina Ribbon Ceramic substrates for applications in 5G and sub-THz frequency bands.
Validation of post-harvest antimicrobial interventions to control Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on market hog carcass surfaces.

Abstract Although swine are less associated with STEC foodborne disease outbreaks, the potential for swine to serve as a source of STEC infections in human beings cannot be disregarded. This study compared eight USDA-approved antimicrobial intervention technologies to quantify their ability to reduce STEC contamination on market hog carcasses. Hogs were harvested to provide skin-on carcass sides, and eight sides (per three replications) were inoculated with a 7-strain STEC cocktail (ca. 5 log CFU/cm2 across all external and body cavity surfaces). Each side was randomly assigned to a final pre-chill wash treatment administered in a commercial Chad carcass cabinet using a low-volume spray [3% lactic acid (lLA; 130 °F), 400 ppm peracetic acid (lPAA), or acidified 400 ppm peracetic acid (laPAA)] or a high-volume wash [ambient water (hAW), 400 ppm PAA (hPAA), 400 or 600 ppm hypobromous acid (hDBDMH), or 71 °C water (hHW)] treatment according to a randomized complete block study design. Post-treatment (after a 10-min hanging drip) and post-chilling (18 h at 2 °C) STEC reductions were compared for external skin-on surfaces and internal body cavity lean surface tissue. Post-treatment color changes were determined for lean, adipose, and skin carcass surfaces before and after chilling. When applied to the external, skin-on surface, the hHW, hPAA, and hDBDMH600 deluge washes were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more effective than the other intervention technologies, achieving STEC reductions of 3.8, 3.4, and 3.2 log CFU/cm2, respectively. In comparison, the hAW control reduced STEC by 1.7-log CFU/cm2 on the external, skin-on surface. The carcass interventions were less effective at reducing STEC populations attached to interior body cavity (diaphragm region), with post-chill populations reduced by 0.9–2.2 log cycles, while the hAW control wash achieved a 0.6-log reduction. None of the treatments negatively impacted instrumental carcass color. While all market hog carcass interventions reduced STEC populations, larger reductions were observed when applied to the external, skin-on surface, with the largest reductions achieved by the hHW, hPAA, and hDBDMH600 deluge washes. These data equip pork processors with the information necessary to support decision-making when selecting an intervention technology.
The effect of piscidin antimicrobial peptides on the formation of Gram-negative bacterial biofilms.

Fish-derived antimicrobial peptides are an important part of the innate immune system due to their potent antimicrobial properties. Piscidins are a class of antimicrobial peptides first described in hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis) but have also been identified in many other fish species. Previous work demonstrated the broad antimicrobial activity of piscidins against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species. This study sought to determine the extent to which class I (striped bass piscidin 1, white bass piscidin 1 and striped bass/white bass piscidin 3) and class II (striped bass piscidin 4 and white bass piscidin 5) piscidins inhibit biofilm formation of different Gram-negative bacteria. In general, the class I and II piscidins demonstrate potent activity against Escherichia coli and Flavobacterium columnare biofilms. The class II piscidins showed more activity against E. coli and F. columnare isolates than did the class I piscidins. The piscidins in general were much less effective against inhibiting Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biofilm growth. Only the class I piscidins showed significant growth inhibition among the Aeromonas spp. examined.
Performance with One Term

The performance of a retrieval system can be determined in a straightforward manner with analytic techniques if one limits oneself to using only a single term from the query. Limiting our discussion to one term allows us to fully understand many retrieval characteristics and options that are far more difficult to understand in a multi-term case.
Increased resting-state functional connectivity of visual- and cognitive-control brain networks after training in children with reading difficulties

The Reading Acceleration Program, a computerized reading-training program, increases activation in neural circuits related to reading. We examined the effect of the training on the functional connectivity between independent components related to visual processing, executive functions, attention, memory, and language during rest after the training. Children 8–12 years old with reading difficulties and typical readers participated in the study. Behavioral testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after the training. Imaging data were analyzed using an independent component analysis approach. After training, both reading groups showed increased single-word contextual reading and reading comprehension scores. Greater positive correlations between the visual-processing component and the executive functions, attention, memory, or language components were found after training in children with reading difficulties. Training-related increases in connectivity between the visual and attention components and between the visual and executive function components were positively correlated with increased word reading and reading comprehension, respectively. Our findings suggest that the effect of the Reading Acceleration Program on basic cognitive domains can be detected even in the absence of an ongoing reading task.
Advanced laser fluorometry of natural aquatic environments

The Advanced Laser Fluorometer (ALF) provides spectral deconvolution (SDC) analysis of the laser-stimulated emission (LSE) excited at 405 or 532 nm for assessment of chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Three spectral types of phycoerythrin are discriminated for characterization of cyanobacteria and cryptophytes in mixed phototrophic populations. The SDC analysis is integrated with measurements of variable fluorescence, Fv/Fm, corrected for the SDC-retrieved background fluorescence, BNC, for improved photophysiological assessments of phytoplankton. The ALF deployments in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and Chesapeake, Delaware, and Monterey Bays revealed significant spectral complexity of LSE. Considerable variability in chlorophyll a fluorescence peak, 673-685 nm, was detected. High correlation (R2 = 0.93) was observed in diverse water types between chlorophyll a concentration and fluorescence normalized to water Raman scattering. Three unidentified red bands, peaking at 625, 644, and 662 nm, were detected in the LSE excited at 405 nm. Significant variability in the BNC/chlorophyll a ratio was observed in diverse waters. Examples of the ALF spectral correction of Fv/Fm, underway shipboard measurements of horizontal variability, and vertical distributions compiled from the discrete samples analyses are presented. The field deployments have demonstrated the utility of the ALF technique as an integrated tool for research and observations.
Types of Student Classroom Behavior

Abstract Pairs of classroom observers rated 909 junior high school students on 24 scales. Ouster analysis was used to identify four syndromes of classroom behavior: good students, outgoing, rebellious, and withdrawn. These groups were compared with regard to sex and ethnic group composition, academic achievement, attitudes toward teachers, and 25 low-inference variables obtained from the classroom observations. The same four pupil types were identified in a sample of 416 second grade pupils who were rated with a similar 11-item instrument by different observers.
13C-phytoene from tomato cell suspension cultures for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy adults (645.15)

Phytoene (C40H64) is a colorless carotenoid found in tomatoes and other plant foods and is enriched in tomato consumers’ plasma and tissues. Yet, little is known about its absorption, distribution,...
The Selection of a Bridge

This chapter illustrates the use of the AHP for selecting the most appropriate bridge design in two different applications. The one recommended in the second application coincides with the decision that was actually made, demonstrating that the exclusion of an important, but hard to perceive actor, can alter the final decision. In this example we learn that decision making is not simply including multiple criteria in the decision, but more importantly the diverse people or groups who influence the outcome because of their own purposes.
Fourier transforms of measures from the classes U b ′ -2< b ≤- 1

Subclasses Uβ(E), −2 < β ≤ −1, of the Levy class L of self-decomposable measures on a Banach space E are examined. They are closed convolution subsemigroups of the semigroup of infinitely divisible probability distributions on E, defined as limit distributions of some prescribed schemes of summation. Each element of Uβ(E) belongs to the domain of normal attraction of a stable measure with exponent −β. Their Fourier transforms are characterized. The symmetric measures in Uβ(E) are shown to decompose uniquely into the convolution product of a symmetric stable measure with exponent −β and the probability distribution of a random integral of the form ∫(0,1) t dY(tβ), where Y is a Levy process with paths in the Skorohod space DE[0, ∞) and Y(1) has finite (−β)-moment. Topological and algebraic properties of the random-integral mapping Sβ: L(Y(1)) → L[∫(0,1) t dY(tβ)] are investigated when E is a Hilbert space. As an application of the fact that Sβ is a continuous isomorphism, generators for Uβ are found as the images of compound Poisson distributions. Finally, the connection between the distributions Uβ and thermodynamic limits in the Ising model with zero external field is pointed out.
Rethinking Party Membership: Towards a Functional Measurement Strategy

This paper proposes using behavioral measures of party membership in survey-based studies of party membership in order to minimize cross-survey and cross-country differences in question wording and in cultural understandings of the meaning of party membership. We argue that such measures produce more consistent and meaningful results when working with surveys that employ different question wording. We demonstrate this by comparing membership figures from several cross-national surveys (European Social Survey, International Social Survey Program, World Values Survey), and by comparing the cross-survey consistency and explanatory power of multivariate models of party membership which employ different membership definitions. Our models with a behavioral membership criteria yield rather different results than those looking at self-described membership alone, and they call into question other arguments about the impact of institutional factors (including public funding for parties) on parties’ incentives to organize their grassroots supporters.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Creating a Culture of Safety

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program At New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, potentially unsafe behaviors or conditions have been observed on the labor and delivery unit. We demonstrate the successful implementation of an innovative program to improve the culture of safety within the obstetric unit with a goal to improve outcomes. Proposed Change To use TeamSTEPPS as a basis and transform a less safe working environment into a safer, more collaborative, working environment. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation A formalized plan for a culture of safety was gradually introduced to the obstetric department. Before the initial culture of safety roll out, an Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) survey was completed by staff members. Formalized TeamSTEPPS training set the framework for communication tools and modalities that would be the expectation in all obstetric areas. Eighty‐five percent (450 members) of the obstetric team completed TeamSTEPPS training by September 2014. Once staff had an understanding of the plan, leadership from nursing, obstetrics, and anesthesia were able to promote the use of tools, including multidisciplinary briefs, huddles, and debriefs, which created a general, nonpunitive, transparent department. This is demonstrated by a 45% increase in medical event reporting across all specialties from January 2013 to August 2014. Evaluation Metrics: Over a 2‐year interval, increases were noted in the following domains of a Culture of Safety survey: (a) When patient safety issues or events were identified and reported to leadership, staff response indicated a 6% increase in feeling that their issues were heard; (b) When patient safety issues or events were identified and reported to leadership, staff response indicates a 14% increase in feeling that action was taken to address the event; (c) When patient safety issues or events were identified and reported to leadership, staff response indicated a 13% increase in feeling the action taken/planned in response prevented future harm or similar events from occurring; (d) When patient safety issues or events were identified and reported to leadership, staff response indicated a 17% increase in feeling that feedback and communication are given about the event. Implications for Nursing Practice Adapting a transparent environment grants nurses the ability to discuss obstetric events and near misses rather than fear retaliation from reporting. The integration of a formal culture of safety program laid the roadmap for everyone to follow, set expectations, and generally changed the way members of the department interacted with one another.
Parsing, Part I

In this section we consider strong LL grammars. This grammatical class is important because members of the class, and especially members of the class strong LL(1), are easy to parse and easy to write parsers for. In addition, many important programming language fragments can be given a strong LL(1) description, so parsing based on this grammatical characteristic has important applications in computer science.
An integrated research plan for the IFE element of the Virtual Laboratory for Technology

Abstract In 1999, the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES) added an inertial fusion energy (IFE) element to its Virtual Laboratory for Technology (VLT). The scope of the IFE element of the VLT includes the fusion chamber, chamber/driver interface, target fabrication and injection, and safety and environmental assessments for IFE. Previous IFE power plant conceptual design studies identified many different driver/chamber/target options and the critical technical issues associated with them. The IFE community (national laboratories, universities and industry) has developed an R&D plan to address the critical issues in these areas in a coordinated manner. This paper provides an overview of the top-level critical issues and the current and proposed research activities to resolve them.
Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects

Several lines of evidence have implicated the existence of the brain's default network during passive or undirected mental states. Nevertheless, results on the emergence of the default network in very young pediatric subjects are lacking. Using resting functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy pediatric subjects between 2 weeks and 2 years of age, we describe the temporal evolution of the default network in a critical, previously unstudied, period of early human brain development. Our results demonstrate that a primitive and incomplete default network is present in 2-week-olds, followed by a marked increase in the number of brain regions exhibiting connectivity, and the percent of connection at 1 year of age. By 2 years of age, the default network becomes similar to that observed in adults, including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex/retrosplenial (PCC/Rsp), inferior parietal lobule, lateral temporal cortex, and hippocampus regions. While the anatomical representations of the default network highly depend on age, the PCC/Rsp is consistently observed at in both age groups and is central to the most and strongest connections of the default network, suggesting that PCC/Rsp may serve as the main “hub” of the default network as this region does in adults. In addition, although not as remarkable as the PCC/Rsp, the MPFC also emerges as a potential secondary hub starting from 1 year of age. These findings reveal the temporal development of the default network in the critical period of early brain development and offer new insights into the emergence of brain default network.
Short-range order effects on the tensile behavior of a nickel-base alloy

A nickel base weld filler metal alloy with nominal composition of 67 pct Ni, 20 pct Cr, 3 pct Mn, 3 pct Fe, and 2.5 pct Nb (Cb) is used to make austenitic-ferritic dissimilar metal joints. Tensile properties were determined for this alloy over the range 25 to 732°C at strain-rates of 3×10−6 and 3×10−4/s. Above about 450°C, both the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength in the low strain-rate tests showed significant increases over the strengths at the higher strain-rate. The enhanced values for the yield strength persisted to the highest test temperature (732°C), whereas the ultimate tensile strength for the low strain-rate fell below the curve for the higher strain-rate at about 600°C. Above 600°C, the ultimate tensile strength dropped off rapidly and at 677°C approached the yield strength (i.e., the uniform elongation dropped to less than 1 pct). The strain-rate effects have been attributed to “K-state” formation, an effect that investigators have attributed to short range order in other Ni−Cr base alloys.
Sugar consumption and caries risk in schoolchildren with low caries experience.

Abstract This paper assesses the risk from sugar consumption in a population of schoolchildren with low caries experience. It relates eight different measures of sugar consumption to the occurrence of any DMFS increment, and, separately, to approximal and pit-and-fissure DMFS. The data are from a 3-yr longitudinal study of 429 children, initially aged 11–15, residing in non-fluoridated rural communities in Michigan, USA. All children completed at least three dietary interviews, were present for baseline and final dental examinations, and had a parent or guardian provide questionnaire information on residence history, use of fluoride and dental services, and family history. Results indicated that a higher proportion of total energy intake from sugars increased the probability of caries on all surfaces, and a higher total intake of sugars was also associated with total caries increment. No relationship, however, was found between DMFS increment and the frequency of eating high sugar foods. Each additional 5 g of daily sugars intake was associated with a 1% increase in the probability of developing caries, and those whose energy intake from sugars was 1 SD above the mean had 2.0 times the risk of developing approximal caries than did children whose energy intake from sugars was 1 SD below the mean.
Influence of initiation of maintenance hemodialysis on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Influence of initiation of maintenance hemodialysis on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Background Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). These conditions contribute to high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in this patient population. To our knowledge, no prospective studies have examined how initiation of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) affects biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress status. Methods This was a prospective cohort study evaluating time-dependent changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and protein carbonyl content before and after initiation of MHD over a 12-month period. Fifty incident hemodialysis patients [57.6 ± 17.2years, 60% male, 38% Caucasians, 32% insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied, with 50 healthy subjects for comparison. The study variables were assessed before the initial outpatient hemodialysis treatment, and every 3months thereafter for 12months. Results At baseline, CRP, IL-6, and carbonyl content levels were significantly higher in MHD patients compared with healthy subjects ( P Conclusion Our data show that initiation of MHD does not have significant influence on plasma concentrations of CRP, IL-6, and IL-10, as well as plasma protein carbonyl content. These findings suggest that MHD is ineffective in controlling inflammation and oxidative stress in uremia.