cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION BY THE ADENOVIRUS-SV40 HYBRID VIRUSES : III. MORPHOLOGY OF TUMORS INDUCED WITH TRANSFORMED CELLS

Tumors induced with hamster kidney cells transformed by the adeno 2-, adeno 3-, adeno 7-, and adeno 12-SV40 hybrid viruses, and by adenovirus type 12, were examined histologically. The tumors induced with adeno 2-, adeno 3-, and adeno 7-SV40-transformed cells were similar to tumors induced with SV40-transformed hamster kidney cells but contained cells intermediate in morphology between SV40 and adenovirus tumor cells and occasionally contained nests of adenovirus-like cells. Cells transformed by the adeno 12-SV40 hybrid and by adenovirus type 12 gave rise to morphologically similar tumors. The results suggest that both viral genomes are operative in hybrid-transformed cells but that one genome is apparently responsible for the predominant morphology of the tumor. Evidence that the morphology of a single transformed target cell is determined by the transforming genome was discussed.
Strength-based reliability and fracture assessment of fuzzy mechanical and structural systems

In most mechanical and structural systems, a certain amount of uncertainty exists in both strength and load values. The uncertainty of these values must be taken into consideration when quantifying the safety and reliability of a system. Fuzzy set theory has been used for the description and analysis of such systems. A means for comparing fuzzy strength and load values is needed to determine the safety and reliability of fuzzy mechanical and structural systems. The concepts of fuzzy bounds and subsethood are used here to define a safety index for mechanical or structural systems based on fuzzy load and strength values. Similarly, a criticality index for fracture damage assessment is defined based on fuzzy stress intensity factors. The concept of a fuzzy factor of safety is also introduced. The proposed safety and criticality indices and the fuzzy factor of safety could provide useful measures for rating designs in terms of strength-based reliability and damage tolerance. The application of the proposed measures in the assessment of damage as reported by online structural damage detection systems is also suggested.
Field‐flow fractionation of proteins, polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and supramolecular assemblies

This review summarizes developments and applications of flow and thermal field-flow fractionation (FFF) in the areas of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies. In the past 10 years, the use of these FFF techniques has extended beyond determining diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic diameters, and molecular weights of standards. Complex samples as diverse as polysaccharides, prion particles, and block copolymers have been characterized and processes such as aggregation, stability, and infectivity have been monitored. The open channel design used in FFF makes it a gentle separation technique for high- and ultrahigh-molecular weight macromolecules, aggregates, and self-assembled complexes. Coupling FFF with other techniques such as multiangle light scattering and MS provides additional invaluable information about conformation, branching, and identity.
The Impact of Manufactured Housing on Adjacent Residential Property Values: A GIS Approach Based on Three North Carolina Counties

This empirical study examines the impact of manufactured housing (MH) on the values of adjacent site-built residential properties using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and large data samples for three counties in North Carolina, USA, for the period of 1994-2000. Both property appreciation rates (AR) and property values (PV) are examined with respect to proximity to MH. While ARs are based on a simple measure of value appreciation, PVs are estimated in a linear regression based hedonic price model, which is designed to captures the contributions of structure and location attributes to property values. Results indicate that the appreciation rates slightly decreased with distance from a MH unit in Buncombe and Wake, but the reverse is true in Pitt. The statistical analyses reveal that proximity to a manufactured home influences the value of nearby site-built residential property. Estimated property values show that the further away from a manufactured home, the higher the site-built property value, other things being equal.
Metabolic and physiologic effects of a hunger-inducing injection of insulin

Abstract Rats injected subcutaneously with 5 U/kg of regular insulin increased food intake above control levels in a 2 hr test and showed a median latency to eat of 59 min. One week later, rats were injected again with saline or insulin (5 U/kg), deprived of food and killed 60±10 min later. Insulin treatment produced a marked reduction in plasma glucose, plasma ketone bodies and liver glycogen, as well as a marked acceleration of gastric emptying. The results indicate that a variety of changes in peripheral metabolism and physiology may underlie the increase in food intake observed after insulin injection and that it is premature to ascribe the hunger-inducing effect of insulin treatment solely to a decline in blood glucose.
Careers in psychiatry: Options for the future

Abstract An examination of data on careers in psychiatry. Discusses the trends in psychiatric careers, mental health services, manpower needs, and academic psychiatry.
Precompound limits of linear momentum transfer in heavy ion reactions.

The Boltzmann master equation is used to predict linear momentum transfer for reactions of $^{60}\mathrm{Ni}$ with $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ at lab energies of 8.8 to 100 MeV/nucleon. Results are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements at $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ energies up to 19.6 MeV/nucleon.
A study of strain localization in a multiple scale framework—The one-dimensional problem

Abstract This work approaches strain localization by recognizing the multiple scales inherent in the problem. A component associated with the region of localized strain (typically, one with high gradient) is referred to as the fine scale. It represents the microstructure. The field obtained by removing the fine scale from the total solution is referred to as the coarse scale. The aim of the multiple scale method advanced here is to derive a model for the coarse scale field that accounts for the finite scale. This process eliminates the fine scale from the problem, yet retains its effect. In applying this framework to the nonlinear problems with which localized strains are associated, a crucial step is a first-order approximation of the relevant relations. The fully nonlinear problem is solved by an iterative scheme. By accounting directly for the microstructure the multiple scale model recovers the regularizing effects of various alternative formulations for softening strain localization. It thus presents itself as a unifying framework for such models. Numerical solutions are shown to be invariant with respect to the discretization. Furthermore, for cases in which the displacements assume a distinct profile within the localization band, the multiple scale model provides a resolution that can be made as accurate as desired even with the coarsest mesh possible. The model is applied to strain localization problems that arise in inviscid and viscoplastic solids. Numerical simulations are presented that demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
Short-term outcome prediction by electroencephalographic features in children treated with therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

Background Electroencephalographic (EEG) features may provide objective data regarding prognosis in children resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA), but therapeutic hypothermia (TH) may impact its predictive value. We aimed to determine whether specific EEG features were predictive of short-term outcome in children treated with TH after CA, both during hypothermia and after return to normothermia.
Study on the Technical Standards of Distributed Resources Interconnection with Gird

This paper shows the technical standards for distributed resources interconnected with grid in China and the other countries all over the world. For USA, the technical standards about DR interconnection with grid is IEEE 1547 series of standards, which include requirements of connection, testing, monitoring, information exchange, island operation and so on for DR. In international, IEEE standards are the main technical specifications for DR, and it has IEC 61850, IEC 63547, IEC 1727 and so on. But in China, the technical standards for DR are mainly composed by enterprise standard. Comparing with the standards in other countries, the standards of DR in China are not perfect.
The mechanism of hydroxylation of organometallic reagents by 2-sulfonyloxaziridines

Abstract The hydroxylation of organometallic reagents (RM) by 2-sulfonyloxaziridines 1 is shown to involve a hemiaminal intermediate 2, whose stability is apparently related to the nucleophilicity of the hydroxylated product (ROH).
Search for viral particles and virus-specific products in idiopathic Parkinson disease brain material.

Virological studies were performed on brain material from 9 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and 3 matched controls. Electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescent study were carried out directly on autopsy material from substantia nigra, caudate nucleus, and hypothalamus and on primary tissue culture explants of these brain areas grown alone or in cocultivation with virus-susceptible indicator cell lines. All studies were negative for the presence of viral particles, viral inclusions, or cellular changes suggestive of virus infection. All materials were negative for antigens of herpes simplex type 1, influenza A/NWS, and measles (Edmonston strain) viruses. Within the limits of these techniques, there is no evidence at this time that viruses are an important etiological agent in idiopathic Parkinson disease.
Resilience after trauma: from surviving to thriving

No abstract available! This paper is part of the Special Issue: Resilience and Trauma . More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.eurojnlofpsychotraumatol.net (Published: 1 October 2014) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 25339 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25339
Physical and visual state of 100-year-old Lippman color photographs

In 1891 Gabriel Lippmann demonstrated a photographic process which records full color images on black and white emulsions. It is closely related to Denisyuk's reflection holography technique, which he named after Lippmann. After a historical introduction I will speak on the physical state and visual appearance of Lippmann-process color images produced at the turn of the century by Lippmann and a limited number of other practitioners. Images made on albumin, collodion and gelatine will be discussed, based on my examination of more than 400 images held in public and private collections. Examples of old original images (and some new work) will be shown. It is possible to conclude that, if properly excited, such images will be stable in their beautiful rendition of color and extremely high resolution almost indefinitely.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Apoptosis and neurologic disease

Many neurological disorders involve cell death. During development of the nervous system, cell death is a normal feature. Elimination of substantial numbers of initially generated cells enables useful pruning of "mismatched" or excessive cells produced by exuberance during the proliferative and migratory phases of development. Such cell death, occurring by "programmed" pathways, is termed apoptosis. In mature organisms, cells die in two major fashions, either by necrosis or apoptosis. In the adult nervous system, because there is little cell production during adulthood, there is little normal cell death. However, neurological disease is often associated with significant neural cell death. Acute disorders, occurring over minutes to hours, such as brain trauma, infarction, hemorrhage, or infection, prominently involve cell death, much of which is by necrosis. Chronic disorders, with relatively slow central nervous system degeneration, may occur over years or decades, but may involve cell losses. Such disorders include motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, and a variety of degenerative movement disorders including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and the inherited ataxias. There is evidence that the mechanism of neuronal cell death in these disorders may involve apoptosis. Direct conclusive evidence of apoptosis is scarce in these chronic disorders, because of the swiftness of cell death in relation to the slowness of the disease. Thus, at any particular time point of assessment, very few cells would be expected to be undergoing death. However, it is clearly of importance to define the type of cell death in these disorders. Of significance is that while treating the underlying causes of these conditions is an admirable goal, it may also be possible to develop productive therapies based on alleviating the process of cell death. This is particularly likely if this cell loss is through apoptosis, a programmed process for which the molecular cascade is increasingly understood. This article reviews our understanding of apoptosis in the nervous system, concentrating on its possible roles in chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
Morphogenic effects of halogenated thymidine analogs on Drosophila III. 5-Iododeoxyuridine

Die Haufigkeit der durch 5-Iododeoxyuridin (IUdR) beiDrosophila induzierten Abnormalitaten kann durch gleichzeitige Futterung der Larven mit 5-Fluorouracil (FU) erhoht werden. Die Menge des in dieDrosophila-DNS inkorporierten IUdR ist bei Anwesenheit von FU hoher; die Verteilung dieser IUdR-DNS im CsCl-Dichtegradienten ist verschieden von der in Abwesenheit von FU synthetisierten DNS.
Cytology and immunophenotyping of low- and intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a predominant small-cell component: a study of 56 cases.

Diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas based on cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspirates and body cavity fluids has gained increasing acceptance. However, the accurate diagnosis and classification of low- and intermediate-grade B-cell lymphomas with a predominant small-cell population still present a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we reviewed the cytology and immunophenotype of 56 cases of low- and intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas composed of predominantly small cells, with histologic correlation in all cases. These cases consisted of 23 small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL), 15 follicular center lymphomas (FCL), grade I (small cell predominant), 8 lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (LPL), 6 mantle-cell lymphomas (MCL), and 4 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Histologic comparison was available in all cases. A cytologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made in 46 (82%) cases. Based on cytomorphology and immunophenotyping of cytologic material, 39 (85%) cases were correctly classified using the Revised European and American Lymphoma classification. In 7(11%) cases, which included 3 FCLs, 2 MALT lymphomas, and 2 SLLs, the findings were atypical but not diagnostic of lymphoma. There were 3 (5%) false-negative cases. They were 2 SLLs and a FCL. Immunophenotyping done in 4 atypical cases was noncontributory. No marker studies were done in the remaining atypical case and all false-negative cases. We conclude that cytology, when used in conjunction with immunophenotyping, can accurately diagnose and in most instances subclassify low- and intermediate-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a predominant small-cell population.
Anthracene-induced melanotic tumors in Drosophila☆

Abstract A significant increase in the formation of melanotic tumor (nonneoplastic, melanized hemocytic aggregates) was observed among first- and second-generation progeny of Drosophila melanogaster males and females which had been exposed chronically as larvae to low concentrations of anthracene. Results are consistent with the interpretation that anthracene, solubilized with detergents, induces autosomal dominant melanotic tumor mutations which have low penetrance.
20 A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF REDUCTION MAMMOPLASTY IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS

The emotional effects of surgical cosmetic manipulation of the breasts were evaluated by administration of a structured interview, questionnaire, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and human figure drawings. Six subjects who had undergone reduction mammoplasty between 4 months and 4 years prior to study (age range 15 to 21) were available for interview. All were pleased with the results and felt the quality of their lives improved. Self image was subjectively enhanced, however, the human figure drawings of three patients were grossly immature. MMPI revealed a high degree of social extroversion in all subjects. Denial was high in 5 subjects. Wide variation was noted on the masculinity-femininity scale. Two patients married, one has become engaged subsequent to surgery. The major improvement reported was a loss of self consciousness of what had been considered as a serious deformity. Whereas the cumbersome breasts had inhibited participation in sports before surgery, all subjects reported increased athletic activity at the time of interview. Previously very restricted in their dress all were observed to be wearing attractive and revealing clothes. None had regrets about subjecting themselves to the procedure. Both subjective reporting and objective testing revealed no deleterious effects, and reduction mammoplasty can be considered beneficial intervention.
Incidence of new stroke or new myocardial infarction or death at 39-month follow-up in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension or both with and without microalbuminuria.

We investigated in 306 patients, mean age 57 ± 10 years, with diabetes mellitus (202 patients) or hypertension (179 patients) whether microalbuminuria was a significant independent risk factor for the
EEG, heart rate and mood change (“high”) after Cannabis

Fourteen experienced marijuana users smoked marijuana, hashish, δ 9-THC, and placebo. EEG, ECG and ratings of subjective feelings of “high” and pleasantness were recorded. EEGs were processed by period analysis. In EEG, marijuana and δ 9-THC increased the amount of alpha activity, and the three Cannabis preparations decreased the amount of beta activity. The average frequency of alpha activity was decreased by 0.15–0.20 c/sec after marijuana, hashish and δ 9-THC. The peak EEG effect occurred during the first 10 min after smoking; most of the changes disappeared after 40 min. Heart rate was increased by all the three drugs, and the effect persisted for the entire observation period (50 min). Feelings of “high” were elicited by each Cannabis preparation. This was not true of the pleasantness of the experience: only marijuana and hashish were perceived as more pleasant than placebo. Intensity of “high” increased with the amount of alpha activity, and decreased with the average alpha frequency. Pleasantness was unrelated to the EEG. The “high” showed a linear increase with heart rate, whereas pleasantness of the experience was an inverted U-function of heart rate.
Negotiating Sociolinguistic Borderlands—Native Youth Language Practices in Space, Time, and Place

Drawing on the work of Philip Deloria (2004) and recent explorations of “American Indian languages in unexpected places” (Webster & Peterson, 2011a), this article challenges received expectations of Native American languages and language users as “rural” and physically distant and of “urban” Indigenous language practices as anomalous. With a focus on Native American youth, I develop the notion of sociolinguistic borderlands—spatial, temporal, and ideological spaces of sociolinguistic hybridity and diversity—as a lens into the grounded realities of language in the lives of contemporary Native youth. The article first contextualizes the current situation of Native American languages and language users within dynamic linguistic ecologies, then presents 4 ethnographic vignettes that illustrate the ways in which youth use their knowledge and claims to heritage languages to negotiate, cross, and occupy sociolinguistic borderlands. I conclude by suggesting the ways in which language planners and educators can re...
Mesoscopic electron and phonon transport through a curved wire

There is great interest in the development of novel nanomachines that use charge, spin, or energy transport to enable new sensors with unprecedented measurement capabilities. Electrical and thermal transport in these mesoscopic systems typically involves wave propagation through a nanoscale geometry such as a quantum wire. In this paper we present a general theoretical technique to describe wave propagation through a curved wire of uniform cross section and lying in a plane, but of otherwise arbitrary shape. The method consists of (i) introducing a local orthogonal coordinate system, the arclength, and two locally perpendicular coordinate axes, dictated by the shape of the wire; (ii) rewriting the wave equation of interest in this system; (iii) identifying an effective scattering potential caused by the local curvature; and (iv) solving the associated LippmannSchwinger equation for the scattering matrix. We carry out this procedure in detail for the scalar Helmholtz equation with both hard-wall and stress-free boundary conditions, appropriate for the mesoscopic transport of electrons and (scalar) phonons. An interesting aspect of the phonon case is that the reflection probability always vanishes in the long-wavelength limit, allowing a simple perturbative (Born approximation) treatment at low energies. Our results show that, in contrast to charge transport, curvature only barely suppresses thermal transport, even for sharply bent wires, at least within the two-dimensional scalar phonon model considered. Applications to experiments are also discussed.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the newborn - which ones?

Objective. To determine which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being used in newborns.Methods. NSAID use was examined in local neonatal units and in published literature indexed by PubMed.Results. Various NSAIDs are being used in newborns. Indomethacin and ibuprofen are used worldwide for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Both have been tested in randomized clinical trials and are approved by FDA and EMEA for PDA closure in newborns. Indomethacin, but not ibuprofen is used for prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Ketorolac is being studied as a potential parenteral analgesic and as a topical drug for prevention of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Others are associated with severe adverse events.Conclusion. NSAIDs remain as active drugs used for PDA closure and IVH prevention. Potential uses including analgesia and retinopathy prevention are currently being studied.
Blind ureteric buds.

Four cases of blind ureteric bud are presented. This unusual abnormality is the result of abortive development of a normal bud or, more frequently, of an accessory bud brought into being by abnormal or premature division of the primary bud. — The disputed relationship between this abnormality and congenital ureteral and vescical diverticula is discussed. It is felt that the embryogenetic and anatomopathological evidence justifies the inclusion of some of the latter within the more extensive term “blind ureteric bud”.
The Charge Quantization Condition in O(3) Vacuum Electrodynamics.

The existence of the longitudinal fieldB(3)in the vacuum implies that the gauge group of electrodynamics is O(3),and not U(1) [or O(2)].This results directly in the charge quantization condition e=h(ϰ/A(0)).This condition is derived independently in this paper from the relativistic motion of one electron in the field and is shown to he that in which the electron travels infinitesimally close to the speed of light.
Chemical probes in plant epigenetics studies

Transcription potential is determined by the accessibility of DNA sequences within the context of chromatin, which is coordinately controlled by various epigenetic modifications. Chemical inhibition of epigenetic regulators provides a quick and effective approach to investigate the roles of epigenetic modifications in controlling many biological processes, especially for species in which genetic information is limited. This mini-review provides a brief overview of epigenetic regulators in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and summarizes compounds that have been applied in plant epigenetics studies, with highlights in the applications of these chemical probes in mechanistic and functional investigations.
Counselor Wellness and Impairment: A National Survey

Counselor wellness has a direct impact on the quality of services clients receive, but little is known about the overall wellness of counselors. This study begins the process of better understanding counselor wellness by examining responses to a national survey that assessed both counselor wellness and impairment variables.
Managing TCP Connections in Dynamic Spectrum Access Based Wireless LANs

Wireless LANs have been widely deployed as edge access networks in home/office/commercial buildings, providing connection to the Internet. Therefore, performance of end-to-end connections to/from such WLANs is of great importance to network applications and end-users. The advent of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) technology is expected to play a major role in improving wireless communication. With DSA enabled, WLANs opportunistically access licensed channels in order to enhance spectrum-usage efficiency, and provide better network performance. In this paper, we explore issues and solutions in realizing this potential of DSA. We first identify the key issues that impact end-to-end TCP performance when a DSA-enabled WLAN is integrated with the wired cloud. Then, we propose a new network management framework, called DSASync, to eliminate or mitigate the performance issues we identified. DSASync requires no modifications to the fixed wired network or existing network stack, while ensuring traditional TCP semantics to be obeyed. DSASync uses a combination of buffering and traffic-shaping algorithms to minimize the adverse side-effects of DSA on the TCP flows. Finally, we evaluate DSASync through a prototype implementation and deployment in a testbed. The results show significant improvements in TCP performance, e.g., a 74 increase in downlink goodput, making it a promising step forward towards applying DSA technology in consumer WLANs.
Performance of parallel computations with dynamic processor allocation

In parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) computations the problem size can vary significantly during a simulation. The goal here is to explore the performance implications of dynamically varying the number of processors proportional to the problem size during simulation. An emulator has been developed to assess the effects of this approach on parallel communication, parallel runtime and resource consumption. The computation and communication models used in the emulator are described in detail. Results using the emulator with different AMR strategies are described for a test case. Results show for the test case, varying the number of processors, on average, reduces the total parallel communications overhead from 16 to 19% and improves parallel runtime time from 4 to 8%. These results also show that on average resource utilization improves more than 37%.
Compactons in a class of nonlinear dispersive equations

In this work, we study the compactons structures in a class of nonlinear dispersive equations. The compactons, new form of solitary waves free of exponential tails and width independent of amplitude, are formally constructed. We further establish solitary patterns solutions for the defocusing branches of these models.
Uniqueness of Polish group topology

Abstract We show the limits of Mackey's theorem applied to identity sets to prove that a given group has a unique Polish group topology. Verbal sets in Abelian Polish groups and full verbal sets in the infinite symmetric group are Borel. However this is not true in general. A Polish group with a neighborhood π-base at 1 of sets from the σ-algebra of identity and verbal sets has a unique Polish group topology. It follows that compact, connected, simple Lie groups, as well as finitely generated profinite groups, have a unique Polish group topology.
A generalized proportionate adaptive algorithm based on convex optimization

A general framework is proposed to derive proportionate adaptive algorithms for sparse system identification. The proposed algorithmic framework employs the convex optimization and covers many traditional proportionate algorithms. Meanwhile, based on this framework, some novel proportionate algorithms could be derived too. In the simulations, we compare the new derived proportionate algorithm with the traditional ones, and demonstrate that it could provide faster convergence rate and tracking performance for both white and colored input in sparse system identification.
Determination of acute mortality in adults and sublethal embryo responses of Palaemonetes pugio to endosulfan and methoprene exposure.

Abstract Adult grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio ) were exposed to endosulfan or methoprene for 96 h and LC 50 values were calculated. Male and female P. pugio cohorts were also exposed to endosulfan for 96 h in an attempt to determine potential differences in sensitivity between the sexes. Results from the methoprene exposure indicated that this pesticide was not acutely toxic to adult grass shrimp at 1 mg l −1 . Due to the lack of sensitivity, sex specific tests with methoprene were not performed. The calculated LC 50 for a population of grass shrimp, including both males and females exposed to endosulfan, was 0.62 μg l −1 . The LC 50 determinations for the sex specific tests were 0.92 μg l −1 for males and 1.99 μg l −1 for females. Following these acute exposures, reproductively active grass shrimp were chronically exposed to 200 ng l −1 endosulfan or 1 mg l −1 methoprene and were allowed to produce embryos. The resulting embryos were assessed for potential sublethal toxicity. There were no observed differences in the percent successfully hatching or larval mortality 3-days post hatch among the treatments. However, endosulfan treated embryos had a significantly increased hatching time (9.76 days compared to 8.72 days in controls). Methoprene treated embryos also took longer to hatch (9.55 days), but this delay was not significantly different from controls. These findings suggest that endosulfan may preferentially affect male grass shrimp and exposed female grass shrimp may produce embryos with delayed hatching times.
Initial characterization of mice null for Lphn3, a gene implicated in ADHD and addiction

Abstract The LPHN3 gene has been associated with both attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction, suggesting that it may play a role in the etiology of these disorders. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about the normal functions of this gene, which has hampered understanding of its potential pathogenic role. To begin to characterize such normal functions, we utilized a gene-trap embryonic stem cell line to generate mice mutant for the Lphn3 gene. We evaluated differential gene expression in whole mouse brain between mutant and wild type male littermates at postnatal day 0 using TaqMan gene expression assays. Most notably, we found changes in dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters (Dat1, Drd4, 5Htt, 5Ht2a), changes in neurotransmitter metabolism genes (Th, Gad1), as well as changes in neural developmental genes (Nurr, Ncam). When mice were examined at 4–6 weeks of age, null mutants showed increased levels of dopamine and serotonin in the dorsal striatum. Finally, null mutant mice had a hyperactive phenotype in the open field test, independent of sex, and were more sensitive to the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. Considered together, these results suggest that Lphn3 plays a role in development and/or regulation of monoamine signaling. Given the central role for monoamines in ADHD and addiction, it seems likely that the influence of LPHN3 genotype on these disorders is mediated through alterations in monoamine signaling.
SBS-based radar true time delay

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) based slow light is considered for application to squint-free (true time delay) steering of phased array radar antennae. Results are presented on true time delay radar requirements, including delay precision and bandwidth. We experimentally investigated the level of delay precision that exists in actual slow-light systems (based on Brillouin scattering). The practical use of SBS to meet the necessary requirements for radar use is discussed.
Selecting and Acquiring Art Materials in the Academic Library: Meeting the Needs of the Studio Artist.

As technology is shaping today's art world, parallel changes are happening in the ways art book collections are identified and acquired. The purpose of this article is to identify the changes transpiring in the worlds of the artist and library acquisitions, and to evaluate the ways in which the changes effected by technological applications in the arts may affect the way that librarians acquire monographic art collections. As artists are constantly finding new ways to challenge definitions of art, so must acquisitions librarians respond to the challenges of the art book market in new and creative ways.
Short Period Miras and Galactic Structure

Red Giants on the Asymptotic Giant Branch typically are more luminous than MK = -7 mag. Therefore, a new Two Micron Sky Survey which will go as faint as mK = 10 mag will be able to observe most of these stars in the Milky Way. Such a complete census will enable us to develop a much better understanding of Galactic Structure. It will be important to separate the luminous red giants into their different subclasses because these subclasses trace different Galactic Populations. For example, Miras with periods less than 300 days can be used to study the “thick disk” while Miras with periods greater than 300 days belong to the “thin disk”.
Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in sexual crosses of Pythium sylvaticumm

Fifty single oospore progeny from crosses between opposite mating types of Pythium sylvaticum that contained polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for HindIII restriction sites were analyzed for patterns of mitochondrial inheritance. All progeny retained the morphological form of the oogonial parental type; the antheridial form or recombinant forms of parental mtDNA were not detected. With the techniques used, other forms of mtDNA would have been detected it they had comprised 8% or more of the mitochondrial population.
Annual ILWCH Meeting

Nick Salvatore convened the annual business meeting of the Study Group on International Labor and Working Class History (ILWCH) during the American Historical Association's San Francisco meeting, December 27-30. Approximately 20 persons were in attendance, a low turnout precipitated no doubt by the cocktail party sponsored by Radical Historians following the E.P. Thompson session earlier in the afternoon. Salvatore called on Ileen De Vault, assistant editor of International Labor and Working Class History, to report on the status of the journal. She announced that issue Number 24, under the guest editorship of Helmut Gruber and Mike Hanagan, had proceeded successfully, and that a new feature, entitled "Scholarly Controver sies," had been added to the journal's format. The first such controversy involves a critique of Jacques Ranci?re's, "The Myth of the Artisan." De Vault solicited sugges tions for other such issues that might be carried in future editions. Regarding the status of the journal, De Vault reported that the financial emergency David Montgomery discussed with ILWCH members at the 1982 meet ing had been relieved, temporarily at least, through a substantial contribution from the Robert F. Wheeler Memorial Fund, donations from ILWCH members, sales of the subscription list, and the like. Moreover, institutional subscriptions, after declin ing for several years, have stabilized. As a result of the improved financial situation and several other matters, it was decided not to pursue the possible merger with the Radical History Review which had been discussed at the 1982 meeting. Meanwhile, Montgomery plans to convene a meeting of interested ILWCH members in New York early in 1984 to discuss a reorganization of the editorial board. As one means of avoiding an anticipated deficit in 1984, De Vault moved that subscription rates be increased by approximately 20 percent for all subscriber classifications. The new rate structure was approved, raising the student rate from $6 to $7; employed members from $10 to $12; overseas $15 to $17; institutional $15 to $20, and overseas institutional $20 to $25. After the motion carried, De Vault stated that even at the new subscription rates, the journal was still a bargain, and
Who Chooses, Who Refuses? Learning More from Students Who Decline Private School Vouchers.

I argue that lottery-based school choice programs offer the opportunity to study a unique group of students: those who want to attend or are very interested in attending private school but simply cannot, even when given the chance. The differences between these students and those who choose private school are compelling education outcomes in their own right. To illustrate the argument, I analyze data from a small and little-known private school scholarship lottery in Charlotte, North Carolina, that occurred prior to the 1999–2000 academic year. I show that race, family structure, employment status, and religion significantly predict the decision to refuse a voucher offer, as does student admission into a specific school of choice. I argue that models of voucher effects on student achievement are interpretable only in the context of factors underlying the ability to choose in the first place.
Allelopathic potential of ground cover species on Pinus resinosa seedlings.

Water extracts of foliage ofAster macrophyllus, Lonicera tatarica, Solanum dulcamara, Solidago gigantea, Prunus serotina, andRubus idaeus var.strigosus, collected from the ground vegetation of a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation, were tested for potential allelopathic effects on seed germination, radicle elongation, and growth of red pine seedlings. Seed germination was not significantly affected by extracts, but radicle elongation of newly germinated seeds was reduced by up to 48% compared to controls. All extracts variously inhibited height growth, formation of secondary needles, and dry weight increment of young red pine seedlings during a seven-week experiment. Total dry weight of seedlings treated with Lonicera extract was only 46% that of control plants. Phosphorus concentration in needles treated with Lonicera or Solidago extracts was significantly lower than that of controls. Growth inhibition was not mediated by pH effects or osmotic potentials of the extracts. The data suggest that allelopathic inhibition of red pine is possible, but additional field experiments are needed to evaluate the significance of allelopathy in red pine plantations.
Strong valid inequalities for orthogonal disjunctions and bilinear covering sets

In this paper, we derive a closed-form characterization of the convex hull of a generic nonlinear set, when this convex hull is completely determined by orthogonal restrictions of the original set. Although the tools used in this construction include disjunctive programming and convex extensions, our characterization does not introduce additional variables. We develop and apply a toolbox of results to check the technical assumptions under which this convexification tool can be employed. We demonstrate its applicability in integer programming by providing an alternate derivation of the split cut for mixed-integer polyhedral sets and finding the convex hull of certain mixed/pure-integer bilinear sets. We then extend the utility of the convexification tool to relaxing nonconvex inequalities, which are not naturally disjunctive, by providing sufficient conditions for establishing the convex extension property over the non-negative orthant. We illustrate the utility of this result by deriving the convex hull of a continuous bilinear covering set over the non-negative orthant. Although we illustrate our results primarily on bilinear covering sets, they also apply to more general polynomial covering sets for which they yield new tight relaxations.
Output transition with pre- and post-actuation for dual-stage flexible structures

This article considers the output transition problem to change the system output, from an initial value to a final value for dual-stage systems. The main contribution of the article is to show that the use of pre- and post-actuation input outside the transition interval (without changing the output) can reduce the transition time beyond the standard bang-bang-type inputs for optimal state transition. An illustrative flexible-structure model is used to clarify the advantages of using (a) pre- and post-actuation and (b) the second actuator in dual-stage systems.
Expression glycosylation and phosphorylation of human keratins 8 and 18 in insect cells

The filament forming ability and post-translational modifications of the human intermediate filaments, keratin polypeptides 8 and 18 (K8/18), were studied in recombinant baculovirus-infected insect (Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf9) cells. No change in cell morphology was noted after high levels of K8/18 were expressed in Sf9 cells coinfected with recombinant virus-containing human K8 and K18. Immunofluorescence staining showed that K8/18 expressed in Sf9 cells formed somewhat what disorganized and rope-like filaments, in contrast with K8 or K18 expression alone, which did not result in filament formation. K8/18 expressed in Sf9 cells were glycosylated (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) and phosphorylated, and each modification occurred on different molecules of K8 and K18, as previously found in human HT29 cells. The glycosylation and phosphorylation of K18 in human and insect cells were very similar as determined by tryptic peptide mapping and localization to the head and proximal rod domains. In contrast, differences were noted in the relative intensity of the tryptic phospho- and glycopeptides of K8 expressed in human and insect cells and in the ratio of K8 to K18 phosphorylation in human and insect cells. Our results show that although quantitative differences exist, the post-translational modification of K8/18 expressed in insect cells is quite similar to its mammalian counterpart, especially for K18. Baculovirus expressed K8/18 should prove useful for mapping phosphorylation and glycosylation sites and for studying factors involved in organized filament assembly in mammalian cells.
Treatment of chronic noninfectious uveitis in children--the trend toward tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition.

Population-based studies from the developed world suggest that the incidence of uveitis ranges from 17 to 52 per 100,000 per year. The prevalence is higher, ranging from 75 to 204 per 100,000 annually. 1 Estimates of uveitis rates in children are lower than in adults, with most figures for incidence approximately fivefold and for prevalence roughly tenfold lower in pediatric populations. 2 Such population-based estimates are supportedbysurveysfromuveitis referralclinics,whereinchildren generally constitute less than 10% of study cohorts. 1,2 Among children seen at such clinics, anterior uveitis typically accounts for 30%-40%, intermediate uveitis 10%-20%, posterior uveitis 40%-50%, and panuveitis 5%-10% of cases. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is by far the most commonly identified cause of anterior uveitis in children, and is typically both bilateral and chronic. Up to one-third of children with chronic noninfectious uveitis develop severe vision loss. 2 While many factors contribute to the choice of a patientspecific treatment approach in uveitis, general guidelines do exist. 3 Corticosteroids are used most appropriately over the
A general theory of set-point regulation for MIM0 linear dynamical systems; the case of state set-point regulation

This paper is the first in a series of papers in which a general mathematical theory of, and control design algorithms for, multivariable set-point regulation problems is developed for MIMO linear dynamical systems. In this paper, the class of "state" set-point regulation problems is considered.
Smooth statistical torsion angle potential derived from a large conformational database via adaptive kernel density estimation improves the quality of NMR protein structures

Statistical potentials that embody torsion angle probability densities in databases of high-quality X-ray protein structures supplement the incomplete structural information of experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) datasets. By biasing the conformational search during the course of structure calculation toward highly populated regions in the database, the resulting protein structures display better validation criteria and accuracy. Here, a new statistical torsion angle potential is developed using adaptive kernel density estimation to extract probability densities from a large database of more than 10 6 quality-filtered amino acid residues. Incorporated into the Xplor-NIH software package, the new implementation clearly outperforms an older potential, widely used in NMR structure elucidation, in that it exhibits simultaneously smoother and sharper energy surfaces, and results in protein structures with improved conformation, nonbonded atomic interactions, and accuracy.
Decisions, Actions, and Games: A Logical Perspective

Over the past decades, logicians interested in rational agency and intelligent interaction studied major components of these phenomena, such as knowledge, belief, and preference. In recent years, standard `static' logics describing information states of agents have been generalized to dynamic logics describing actions and events that produce information, revise beliefs, or change preferences, as explicit parts of the logical system. [22], [1], [12] are up-to-date accounts of this dynamic trend (the present paper follows Chapter 9 of the latter book). But in reality, concrete rational agency contains all these dynamic processes entangled. A concrete setting for this entanglement are games --- and this paper is a survey of their interfaces with logic, both static and dynamic. Games are intriguing also since their analysis brings together two major streams, or tribal communities: `hard' mathematical logics of computation, and `soft' philosophical logics of propositional attitudes. Of course, this hard/soft distinction is spurious, and there is no natural border line between the two sources: it is their congenial mixture that makes current theories of agency so lively.