cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leiomyosarcoma of somatic soft tissues in childhood: an immunohistochemical analysis of six cases with ultrastructural correlation.

Abstract Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of soft tissue is a rare tumor in children. Although LMS may exhibit clinical and histologic features that are typical of smooth muscle neoplasms in adults, they may often be confused with or resemble tumors of presumed fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, or rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. As a result, the diagnosis of LMS in children is often difficult to establish with confidence. To address this problem, we analyzed the immunohistochemical features of six LMS in children (one of deep soft tissue of an extremity, one of paravertebral tissue, one of the retroperitoneum, two of oropharyngeal soft tissue, and one of subcutis); the ultrastructural features of four of these tumors were also studied. Histologically, each of the three tumors of deep soft tissue and one of the retromolar trigone were composed of pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in interweaving fascicles. In contrast, the subcutaneous tumor and the lesion of the hard palate had an epithelioid appearance. Ultrastructural features were typical of adult type LMS. Immunohistochemically, these neoplasms were diffusely reactive for vimentin, while each was negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and S-100 protein. Desmin was present in all cases, but was expressed only focally in three; a similar pattern of staining was noted for muscle-specific actin, although staining was generally noted in a larger population of cells. α-1-Antichymotrypsin was found in five tumors, and cathepsin B reactivity was encountered in four cases. Leu-7 antigen and myelin basic protein were coexpressed by one tumor, but neither was found in the remaining cases. These results indicate that immunohistochemical detection of desmin and muscle-specific actin may be useful in the differential diagnosis of spindle or epithelioid cell proliferations in childhood when ultrastructural analysis is unavailable.
Discrepancy Processes in Prospective Memory Retrieval

Discrepancy processes may be helpful in noticing prospective memory targets (McDaniel, Guynn, Einstein, & Breneiser, 2004). We manipulated the discrepancy of prospective memory targets from the processing coherence established by the ongoing task by preexposing nontarget items in the ongoing task either five times (high discrepancy) or two times (low discrepancy). Prospective memory performance was significantly better in the high-discrepancy group than in the low-discrepancy group. These results support a discrepancy view of prospective remembering.
Color vision variations in Old and New World primates.

It has long been recognized that there are significant individual variations in color vision among humans. Recently, even more widespread individual variation in color vision has been found to occur in members of several genera of New World monkeys. This article addresses the question of whether a representative genus of Old World monkeys, Macaca, expresses individual variations in color vision. The principal approach was to compare behavioral measurements of increment-threshold spectral sensitivity for large samples of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sp.) and macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis). We conclude that, if they occur at all, individual variations in color vision among macaque monkeys must be rare.
Et Tu, crystallographer? Murder charges against close-packing pioneers evaluated

Johannes Kepler and Thomas Harriot are recognized as the authors of the close-packing conjecture, the intuitive notion that there is no denser ensemble of congruent spheres than face-centered cubic packing. They are bound not only by the close-packing conjecture, arguably the first principle of the science of crystal structure determination, but also by notorious accusations of murder. In 1971, the eminent historian Samuel Eliot Morison alleged that Harriot beheaded Wingina, an Algonquian chieftain, and in a popular biography in 2004, Kepler was accused of poisoning his mentor, the astronomer Tycho Brahe. Herein, the charges are evaluated on behalf of the progenitors of the science of structural crystallography. 2010 American Chemical Society.
Role of the array geometry in multi-bilayer hair cell sensors

Recently, a bio-inspired, synthetic membrane-based hair cell sensor was fabricated and characterized. This sensor generates current in response to mechanical stimuli, such as airflow or free vibration, which perturb the sensor’s hair. Vibration transferred from the hair to a lipid membrane (lipid bilayer) causes a voltage-dependent time rate of change in electrical capacitance of the membrane, which produces measurable current. Studies to date have been performed on systems containing only two droplets and a single bilayer, even though an array of multiple bilayers can be formed with more than 2 droplets. Thus, it is yet to be determined how multiple lipid bilayers affect the sensing response of a membrane-based hair cell sensor. In this work, we assemble serial droplet arrays with more than 1 bilayer to experimentally study the current generated by each membrane in response to perturbation of a single hair element. Two serial array configurations are studied: The first consists of a serial array of 3 bilayers formed using 4 droplets with the hair positioned in an end droplet. The second configuration consists of 3 droplets and 2 bilayers in series with the hair positioned in the central droplet. In serial arrays of up to four droplets, we observe that mechanotransduction of the hair’s motion into a capacitive current occurs at every membrane, with bilayers positioned adjacent to the droplet containing the hair generating the largest sensing current. The measured currents suggest the total current generated by all bilayers in a 4-droplet, 3-bilaye array is greater than the current produced by a single-membrane sensor and similar in magnitude to the sum of currents output by 3, single-bilayer sensors operated independently. Moreover, we learned that bilayers positioned on the same side of the hair produce sensing currents that are in-phase, whereas bilayers positioned on opposite sides of the droplet containing the hair generate out-of-phase responses.
Turnover intentions: Do leadership behaviors and satisfaction with the leader matter?

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between leadership behaviors (transformational and transactional), satisfaction with the leader, and voluntary turnover intentions. In particular, it aims to investigate the mediation effect of satisfaction with the leader on the relationship between leadership behaviors and voluntary turnover organizational intentions. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 208 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I softball and volleyball assistant coaches in the USA. Using the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ – Form 5X) and an organizational turnover intent questionnaire, participants evaluated their head coach's leadership behavior, satisfaction with the leader, and their own organizational turnover intent. Findings – Results revealed a direct negative relationship between leadership behaviors (transformational and transactional) and voluntary organizational turnover intentions. Also, satisfaction with the leader mediated the negative relationship between leadership behaviors (transformational and transactional) and voluntary turnover intentions. Research limitations/implications – The study was limited by the use of professional associations to contact participants, the timing of the data collection, and the exploration of only one of numerous possible mediating variables. Several management implications are discussed, such as managers recognizing that both leadership behaviors can be the basis for effective leadership of work teams and for mitigating voluntary turnover intentions. Originality/value – The paper's principal theoretical contribution is the addition of satisfaction with the leader as a mediating variable between transformational and transactional leadership behavior and voluntary organizational turnover intentions.
Admissions for CABG Procedure in the Elderly: Was There a Change in Access to Teaching Hospitals After 1997?

The purpose of the study is to identify patient attributes associated with teaching hospital admissions in the elderly for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and to determine whether admission patterns in teaching hospitals by vulnerable subgroups of the elderly changed during 1997 to 2001, a period with significant changes in CABG admission patterns and financial situation faced by teaching hospitals. The study sample comprises elderly residents in two states, New York and Pennsylvania, and uses Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient data of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Patient characteristics in major teaching hospitals are compared with those in rest of hospitals in a logistic regression framework using a pre-/postdesign, and controlling for county characteristics and resources, distance to hospitals, and hospital size and volume of procedures. Significant patient characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of admission to teaching hospitals included racia...
Lithofacies of the Silurian Keefer Sandstone, east-central Appalachian basin, USA

Abstract Fourteen lithofacies of the Keefer Sandstone in the area of northeastern West Virginia and western Maryland were identified. Depositional environments of the lithofacies include storm-dominated marine shelf/basin, barrier island, and backbarrier tidal flat and lagoon. Coastal lithofacies document a dominant basinward progradation, with some sea-level rise, which placed backbarrier lithofacies above barrier island lithofacies. Shelf lithofacies, as stacked coarsening-upward sequences, document as many as four fluctuations within the major progradation. Coarsening-upward sequences are typically capped by transgressive sands which represent material eroded from relatively landward environments and transported basinward during coastal retreat. Deposition of cycles within the Keefer occurred under conditions of tectonic quiescence, dominant steady or falling sea level followed by rise in sea level, and in a climate which was warm and humid.
Bullying the bully: Why zero-tolerance policies get a failing grade

Recent studies show that the current punitive approach to bullying, in the form of zero-tolerance policies, is ineffective in reducing bullying and school violence. Despite this significant finding, anti-bullying legislation is increasing. The authors argue that these policies are not only ineffective but that they are also unjust, harmful, and stigmatizing. They advocate a broader integrative approach to bullying programs that includes both victims and bullies.
Growth and characterization of InxGa1−xN alloys by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for solar cell applications

We report on the structural, morphological, and optical qualities of thick InxGa1−xN heteroepitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with various growth conditions for applications in wide-band gap solar cells. The indium incorporation depending on the growth temperature and indium precursor flow rate and the crystalline and optical qualities of InGaN layers depending on indium mole fraction were investigated. The InGaN layers with high structural and optical qualities were obtained for indium mole fractions, xIn < 0.18, whereas significant degradation of material qualities was observed for xIn < 0.18, which is associateWe report on the structural, morphological, and optical qualities of thick InxGa1−xN heteroepitaxial layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with various growth conditions for applications in wide-bandgap solar cells. The indium incorporation depending on the growth temperature and indium precursor flow rate and the crystalline and optical qualities of InGaN layers depending on indium mole fraction were investigated. The InGaN layers with high structural and optical qualities were obtained for indium mole fractions, xIn < 0.18, whereas significant degradation of material qualities was observed for xIn < 0.18, which is associated with the change of growth mode induced by reduced growth temperature. Stokes shift and microscopic and macroscopic phase separations were also studied. Two types of additional phases besides InGaN matrix, i.e., indium-rich InGaN microstructures and macroscopic InGaN domains, were demonstrated to be suppressed by controlling surface adatom mobility and growth rates.d with the change of growth mode induced by reduced growth temperature. Stokes shift and microscopic and macroscopic phase separations were also studied. Two types of additional phases besides InGaN matrix, i.e., indium-rich InGaN microstructures and macroscopic InGaN domains, were demonstrated to be suppressed by controlling surface adatom mobility and growth rates.
Implementation and use of high-performance parallel skyline matrix subroutines on the IBM vector facility

Abstract Skyline matrix storage format is widely used by computer programs which do finite element analysis. The popularity of skyline format stems from its simplicity, compactness, and efficiency. Even with these advantages, skyline matrix factorization and solution often consumes large amounts of processing time in finite element analysis programs. To reduce the sometimes overwhelming processing requirements of finite element analysis programs, high-performance skyline matrix subroutines were developed specifically for the IBM ES/3090™ and ES/9000™ processors. Both symmetric and unsymmetric skyline matrices are supported. These subroutines, which became available in Release 4 of IBM's Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL), achieve high performance through vector and parallel processing. Serial vector performance of these routines is over two times that of conventional methods, and parallel processing amplifies the vector performance with a high degree of efficiency. General strategies for achieving similar levels of performance are presented; these strategies are applicable in certain ways to other algorithms and other computers. Also presented are benchmark results for the symmetric skyline routine alone and in combination with three finite element analysis programs.
Rapid amplification and fixation of new restriction sites in the ribosomal dna repeats in the derivatives of a cross between maize and Tripsacum dactyloides

Some of the derivatives of a cross of maize (Zea mays L.) × Tripsacum dactyloides (L) L (2n = 72) have abnormal development leading to strange and striking morphologies. The Tripsacum chromosomes in these “tripsacoid” maize plants (with Tripsacum-like characteristics) were eliminated and the maize chromosomes were recovered through repeated backcrossing to maize. As an initial attempt to analyze the DNA alterations in tripsacoid maize, we have detected a few restriction site changes in the ribosomal DNA repeat of these plants (Hpa II, Bal I, Sst I, Mbo II, and Sph I) and a new Sph I site was mapped to the spacer region between the 26S and 17S genes. Several possible mechanisms for the generation of a new restriction site are discussed, and we propose that the transient presence of Tripsacum genome during the backcrossing in some way induced a rapid amplification and fixation of new restriction sites in a relatively short period of time.
Gamers’ confidants: Massively Multiplayer Online Game participation and core networks in China

Abstract Through a survey of more than 18,000 participants in a Chinese Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG), this study examines how the size and diversity of Chinese gamers’ core networks vary by individuals’ sociodemographic, socioeconomic and game-related characteristics. It represents the first study focusing exclusively on the gamer population and one of the most recent examining personal networks in contemporary China, home to over 560 million Internet users. We found that Chinese gamers have notably larger and more diverse core networks than those of major studies. Coplaying patterns and attachment to the game community contributed significantly to network size and diversity.
Nonlinear Differential Equations in $${\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})}$$ Motivated by Learning Models

We study a system of ordinary differential equations in \({\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})}\) , the space of all bounded linear operators on a separable Hilbert space \({\mathcal{H}}\) . The system considered is a natural generalization of the Oja–Cox–Adams learning models. We establish the local existence of solutions and solve explicitly the system for a class of initial conditions. For such cases, we also characterize the asymptotic behavior of solutions.
The Fourier transform of spline-function approximations to continuous data

The transform of a spline-function approximation to continuous data is called a spline transform. In this correspondence, the spline and the discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) are compared as means for numerical computation of the Fourier integral transform. It is shown how the spline transform reduces errors introduced by the discrete transform and alleviates noise problems when the sampling rate is limited due to experimental method or hardware constraints.
The Influence of Phonotactic Probability on Nonword Repetition and Fast Mapping in 3-Year-Olds With a History of Expressive Language Delay

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of phonotactic probability on sublexical (phonological) and lexical representations in 3-year-olds who had a history of being late talkers in comparison with their peers with typical language development. Method Ten 3-year-olds who were late talkers and 10 age-matched typically developing controls completed nonword repetition and fast mapping tasks; stimuli for both experimental procedures differed in phonotactic probability. Results Both participant groups repeated nonwords containing high phonotactic probability sequences more accurately than nonwords containing low phonotactic probability sequences. Participants with typical language showed an early advantage for fast mapping high phonotactic probability words; children who were late talkers required more exposures to the novel words to show the same advantage for fast mapping high phonotactic probability words. Conclusions Children who were late talkers showed similar sensitivities to phon...
Resting metabolic rate measured after subjects spent the night at home vs at a clinic.

This study determined the effect on resting metabolic rate (RMR) of subjects spending the night before measurement at home vs at a clinic. Ten subjects participated in six randomized RMR measurements; three measurements were made after subjects slept the evening before the measurements in their home (H1, H2, and H3) and three after they slept in a clinical setting (C1, C2, and C3). There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in oxygen consumption (VO2, mL/min), RMR (kJ/min, kJ.kg body wt-1.h-1, or kJ.kg fat-free mass-1.h-1), or respiratory exchange ratio (RER) between any of the six RMR measurements, or between mean values for the three home trials (VO2 = 216 +/- 41 mL/min, RER = 0.80 +/- 0.04, heart rate = 51 +/- 3 beats/min, ventilation = 7.1 +/- 1.1 L/min) vs the three clinical trials (VO2 = 216 +/- 45 mL/min, RER = 0.80 +/- 0.04, heart rate = 52 +/- 5 beats/min, ventilation = 7.0 +/- 1.1 L/min). We conclude that under most circumstances it is not important that subjects spend the night before RMR assessment at the measurement facility. However, when basal metabolic rate is to be assessed, an overnight stay at the clinical facility would generally be necessary.
Excitation of helium in the aurora

Abstract The populations of the excited levels of a helium atom traversing the atmosphere with an original energy of 256 keV are calculated using the method of statistical equilibrium. Because of the present inadequate knowledge of helium cross-sections, the calculations are only an exploratory approach toward the problem of helium in aurorae. It is estimated that each 256 keV helium particle produces 450 photons of λ10830 and 40 photons of λ5876 during its passage through the atmosphere. The profile and luminosity curve of λ5876 and λ10830 are predicted. Observational data of helium emissions are discussed.
Escherichia coli MoeA and MogA. Function in metal incorporation step of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis.

Escherichia coli MoeA and MogA are required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and are believed to function in the addition of molybdenum to the dithiolene of molybdopterin to form molybdenum cofactor. Here we show thatmoeA − and mogA − cells are able to synthesize molybdopterin, but both are deficient in molybdenum incorporation and, as a consequence, are deficient in the formation of molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotide. Human sulfite oxidase expressed in E. coli moeA − could be activated in vitro in the presence of MoeA and low concentrations of molybdate. Sulfite oxidase purified from themoeA − lysate was also activated, although to a lesser extent than observed in the presence of lysate. MogA was incapable of activating sulfite oxidase expressed in E. coli mogA −. These results demonstrate that molybdenum insertion into molybdopterin is required for molybdopterin-guanine dinucleotide formation, and that MoeA facilitates molybdenum incorporation at low levels of molybdate, but MogA has an alternative function, possibly as a carrier for molybdopterin during molybdenum incorporation.
Adenovirus and marrow transplantation in children

Adenovirus disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among recipients of marrow transplants. Recent advances have contributed to a finer understanding of the biological basis for viral persistence in the normal host as well as disseminated disease in the immunocompromised patient. However, these insights have not yielded new, effective therapeutic interventions. Currently, there are no proven antiviral therapies available for treating adenoviral disease. Anecdotal reports have indicated that combinations of ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and donor T cells are efficacious in cases with limited infection. We anticipate that the incidence of adenoviral infections in marrow transplant recipients will continue to increase because the pool of transplant recipients continues to enlarge and more immunosuppressive preparative regimens, including T-cell depletion, are more commonly used. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of adenovirus in the bone marrow transplant population inclu...
An Evaluation Of Fair Value Accounting For Employee Stock Options

This paper employs static and simulation analysis to consider the measurement properties of the currently active accounting standards for reporting compensation expense related to Employee Stock Options. We find that under a wide range of plausible scenarios the reported expense significantly understates the cash cost incurred by the entity at exercise. The paper includes a discussion of implications for practice and standards setters.
AAPG-SPE-SEG Hedberg research conference on The Geologic Occurrence and Hydraulic Significance of Fractures in Reservoirs”

Peter Hennings received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in geology from Texas A&M University and his Ph.D. in geology from the University of Texas. He has held various technical and supervisory positions in Mobil Research Company, Phillips Petroleum Company, and ConocoPhillips. His research and application focus in these positions includes structure and tectonics, seismic interpretation, reservoir description, geomechanics, and fracture characterization. He is the manager of the Structure and Geomechanics Group in ConocoPhillips Subsurface Technology. He is an AAPG Distinguished lecturer, a Geological Society of America Honorary Fellow, and an adjunct professor at the University of Wyoming. In July 2008, a Hedberg research conference entitled “The Geologic Occurrence and Hydraulic Significance of Fractures in Reservoirs” was hosted jointly by the AAPG, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), and Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), and organized by AAPG in Casper, Wyoming. The original endorsement for the conference was by recommendation from the author and the AAPG Reservoir Deformation Research Group, a standing subcommittee of the AAPG Research Committee. The scientific justification for conducting the conference was the rapidly growing recognition by the industry and academia that natural fractures and their geomechanical framework commonly control the hydraulic behavior of reservoirs. The sciences of fracture detection, characterization, and hydraulic modeling must advance if we are to maximize recovery from fractured reservoirs and optimize our exploitation of emerging resources, especially in the nonconventional realm. Success in these areas requires interdisciplinary integration from geophysical acquisition, processing, and analysis, to petrophysics, geological interpretation, geomechanics, and reservoir engineering at scales from pores to fields. The last research conference in North America dedicated to the topic was conducted in 1997. Therefore, the agenda was designed to address fractured reservoirs at a fundamental level to assess progress in the last decade. The participants addressed the following questions.
Positive and negative regulation of Easter, a member of the serine protease family that controls dorsal-ventral patterning in the Drosophila embryo

The sequential activities of four members of the trypsin family of extracellular serine proteases are required for the production of the ventrally localized ligand that organizes the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo. The last protease in this sequence is encoded by easter, which is a candidate to activate proteolytically the ligand encoded by spatzle. Here, we demonstrate biochemically that the zymogen form of Easter is processed in vivo by a proteolytic cleavage event that requires the three upstream proteases. Processed Easter is present in extremely low amounts in the early embryo because it is rapidly converted into a high molecular mass complex, which may contain a protease inhibitor. Easter zymogen activation is also controlled by a negative feedback loop from Dorsal, the transcription factor at the end of the signaling pathway. Each of these regulated biochemical processes is likely to be important in generating the ventral-to-dorsal gradient of Dorsal protein that organizes cell fates in the early embryo.
Association between severity of behavioral phenotype and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are neurodevelopmental disorders that cannot be codiagnosed under existing diagnostic guidelines (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed., text rev.). However, reports are emerging that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is sometimes comorbid with autism spectrum disorder. In the current study, we examined rates of parent-reported clinically significant symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children (4-8 years) with autism spectrum disorder, most of whom were first enrolled in our research protocols as toddlers. Results revealed that children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had lower cognitive functioning, more severe social impairment, and greater delays in adaptive functioning than children with autism spectrum disorder only. Implications for clinical practice include the need to assess for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms at an early age in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Research is needed to determine efficacious interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to optimize outcomes.
Lactic acidosis in vivo: testing the link between lactate generation and H+ accumulation in ischemic mouse muscle

The link between lactate generation and cellular acidosis has been questioned based on the possibility of H+ generation, independent of lactate production during glycolysis under physiological cond...
A pin fin microheat sink for cooling macroscale conformal surfaces under the influence of thrust and frictional forces

Conventional microheat sink design primarily focuses on the use of continuous fin arrays to optimally dissipate thermal energy from electronic components. By contrast, this paper experimentally measures the thermal and structural performance of two micro pin fin heat sinks designed for use in load bearing applications such as mechanical seals and thrust bearings. One pin fin array is of low porosity, which is more optimal for load bearing capacity, and the other is of high porosity, which is more optimal for heat dissipation. By using these two extreme cases, the thermal-structural tradeoff found in load bearing microheat sinks is demonstrated. The heat sinks are constructed of nickel, electrodeposited onto a stainless steel thrust ring using a modified LIGA technique. Under forced air cooling, the thermal performance of each is compared to a simple model based on a combination of macroscale pin fin heat sink results and classical correlations for fins in cross flow. The low porosity design is also tested under the application of a 44.5 N thrust load at 2500 rpm and found to be structurally sound. Experimental temperature profiles demonstrate a substantial benefit of the microheat sink in cooling the load bearing surface.
Palliative care in paediatric oncology.

The discipline of Paediatric Palliative Care has emerged in the UK over the last 20 years, primarily in response to perceived gaps in service provision [1]. The speciality subsequently developed within the framework of caring for children dying of malignant disease, underpinned by a belief in the need to collaborate with local paediatric units and Primary Health Care Teams (PHCTs). The aim of this development was and still is to enable families to care for their child in their own home [2]. This article reviews the current status of paediatric palliative care based on the experiences of the team based at Birmingham Children’s Hospital in the UK. It is both desirable and feasible to care for children dying of cancer at home [3] and it is evident that children and families often choose this option during the terminal phase of the disease [1]. The unique needs of the child and family necessitate the input of a paediatric practitioner trained in palliation and symptom management [4]. In the UK, this expertise has developed through the appointment of nurse specialists within regional Paediatric Oncology Centres [5]. There are now paediatric oncology outreach nurses based at each regional paediatric oncology unit in the UK working with families from diagnosis through the disease trajectory and into the palliative phase. There is still, however, a scarcity of specialist medical staff. The relatively small number of children requiring palliation makes it difficult to acquire and maintain skills in the discipline. It is recognised that children have different needs to adults [6]. They continue to develop physically, emotionally and cognitively throughout the disease process [7]; therefore, near the end of their life the child may be significantly more mature and/or cognisant with the disease process than when he or she was originally diagnosed. This can be problematic. A maturing adolescent, for example, may not agree with his/her management or request an alternative strategy not wholly in keeping with parental wishes. Equally, during consultations, an adolescent will require much more considered interaction than, for example, a 6 year old might.
Feeding Motor Patterns in Anurans: Insights from Biomechanical Modeling

SYNOPSIS. During feeding in anurans, the mouth opens while the tongue, which is attached to the mandible at the front of the mouth, rotates forward. Due to the relative simplicity of its anatomy and the complexity of its motion, tongue protraction in frogs presents an ideal system for exploring the neural control of multijoint movements. In this study, we used a forward dynamic, rigid body model with four segments and two muscles to investigate open loop control of tongue protraction in the Australian white-lipped tree frog, Litoria caerulea. Model parameters include the mass distribution, initial position and initial angular velocity of each segment and the anatomy and physiology of each muscle. Model variables include the level of muscle activation at each time step and impulsive torques to open and close the mouth. The model gives X,Y coordinates of each segment and joint angles at each time step as output. The model was tested using scaled, normalized EMG signals and impulsive joint torques to predict the paths of the lower jaw tip and tongue tip. Predicted paths were compared to experimentally observed paths using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Simulations demonstrate that the genioglossus muscles likely play a minor role, if any, in determining the trajectory of the tongue in most anurans. Most of the force for tongue protraction comes from angular momentum transferred to the tongue by the opening jaws. In anurans, tongue protraction is dynamically stable and will occur as long as the musculoskeletal elements are in the correct initial position.
A Summary of Asymptotic Finite Deformation Results for a Point Load on a Hyperelastic Half-Space:

The nonlinearly elastic Boussinesq problem uses the exact equations of finite elasticity to mathematically model the deformation produced in a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic half-space by a point ...
Some new disjoint Golomb rulers

Let a Golomb ruler be a set {a/sub i/} of integers so that all the differences a/sub i/-a/sub j/, i/spl ne/j, are distinct. Let H(I.J) be the smallest n such that there are I disjoint Golomb rulers each containing J elements chosen from {1,2,...n}. In 1990, Klove gave a table of bounds on H(I,J). In this correspondence we improve and extend this table with results found by computer search.
Mothers', Fathers', and Children's Perceptions of Parental Diabetes Responsibility in Adolescence: Examining the Roles of Age, Pubertal Status, and Efficacy

Objectives To examine how perceptions of parental responsibility for diabetes management are associated with age, pubertal status, adolescents’ self-efficacy, and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy, and if parental responsibility is associated with better metabolic control as a function of adolescents’ self-efficacy and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy. Methods Questionnaires assessing parental responsibility, pubertal status, adolescents’ self-efficacy, and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy were given to 185 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 185 mothers, and 145 fathers. Results Greater parental responsibility was negatively associated with age, perceptions of pubertal status, and efficacy for all reporters. Interactions between parental responsibility and parental perceptions of adolescents’ efficacy indicated that parental responsibility was associated with better metabolic control when adolescents were perceived to have lower efficacy. Conclusions Adolescents’ and parents’ perceptions of parental responsibility are related to multiple factors. Metabolic control is best when high parental responsibility is maintained among adolescents with lower efficacy.
PARALLEL COMPUTING AND ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE THEORY

Parallel computing will become increasingly important in this decade. If combined with algorithms well suited to the exploitation of the medium granularity of the parallel computers available in the 90's, the utility of electronic structure calculations for both science and materials engineering could increase dramatically. This paper attempts to characterize the forces that will determine the type of computers available to us in this decade and presents an example of the type of algorithm which is well suited to such computers.
Integration of Ranked Lists via Cross Entropy Monte Carlo with Applications to mRNA and microRNA Studies

One of the major challenges facing researchers studying complex biological systems is integration of data from -omics platforms. Omic-scale data include DNA variations, transcriptom profiles, and RAomics. Selection of an appropriate approach for a data-integration task is problem dependent, primarily dictated by the information contained in the data. In situations where modeling of multiple raw datasets jointly might be extremely challenging due to their vast differences, rankings from each dataset would provide a commonality based on which results could be integrated. Aggregation of microRNA targets predicted from different computational algorithms is such a problem. Integration of results from multiple mRNA studies based on different platforms is another example that will be discussed. Formulating the problem of integrating ranked lists as minimizing an objective criterion, we explore the usage of a cross entropy Monte Carlo method for solving such a combinatorial problem. Instead of placing a discrete uniform distribution on all the potential solutions, an iterative importance sampling technique is utilized "to slowly tighten the net" to place most distributional mass on the optimal solution and its neighbors. Extensive simulation studies were performed to assess the performance of the method. With satisfactory simulation results, the method was applied to the microRNA and mRNA problems to illustrate its utility.
Dynamic economic dispatch using the extended security constrained economic dispatch algorithm

An algorithm for solving the power system multi-stage dynamic economic dispatch (MDED) problem in real-time is presented. The MDED problem is formulated by formally adding ramp rate constraints to the extended security constrained economic dispatch (ESCED) problem for all stages beyond the first stage. The MDED problem is then solved using the ESCED algorithm with ramp rate constraint sensitivity coefficients. A new two-component method of observing regulating margin constraints is also introduced and test results are presented comparing the one and two-stage dynamic EDC results.
THE EFFECTS OF ORDER OF EXERCISE PRESENTATION ON ASSESSMENT CENTER PERFORMANCE: ONE STANDARDIZATION CONCERN1

Internal invalidity concerns in the administration of an Assessment Center were surfaced. Specifically, the effects of order of exercise presentation were studied. Contrary to expectations, the effects of varying exercise presentation orders on Assessment Center performance were not significant. Possible explanations for the absence of the hypothesized results were offered. Given the realistic impact of Type II errors in actual business environments, further study in naturally occurring field settings is encouraged to control for expected sources of invalidity.
Using structure indices for efficient approximation of network properties

Statistics on networks have become vital to the study of relational data drawn from areas such as bibliometrics, fraud detection, bioinformatics, and the Internet. Calculating many of the most important measures - such as betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and graph diameter-requires identifying short paths in these networks. However, finding these short paths can be intractable for even moderate-size networks. We introduce the concept of a network structure index (NSI), a composition of (1) a set of annotations on every node in the network and (2) a function that uses the annotations to estimate graph distance between pairs of nodes. We present several varieties of NSIs, examine their time and space complexity, and analyze their performance on synthetic and real data sets. We show that creating an NSI for a given network enables extremely efficient and accurate estimation of a wide variety of network statistics on that network.
Sentenced to Confusion: Miller v. Alabama and the Coming Wave of Eighth Amendment Cases

In Miller v. Alabama, 132 S. Ct. 2455 (2012), the Supreme Court held unconstitutional roughly 2,000 life-without-parole (LWOP) sentences, which had been imposed on juveniles by twenty-eight states and the federal government. The Miller Court held that the Eighth Amendment permits the imposition of LWOP on juveniles, but only after what it airily calls an “individualized sentencing.” Justice Kagan, writing for the majority, presents the decision as a modest one, and as an exercise of the judicial craft she is successful in deflecting some of the criticisms of the dissenting Justices, and in portraying the majority opinion as following ineluctably from precedent, principally Graham v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2011 (2010). Yet Graham suffers from the faulty premises that juveniles who commit heinous crimes are typical juveniles, and that they are categorically less culpable than young adult offenders. The Miller Court adopts and then compounds these errors. The Essay questions whether LWOP, as opposed to other harsh sentences, and juveniles, as opposed to young adult offenders, are really so distinct as to merit special constitutional treatment. The Essay also draws attention to some of the potential areas of uncertainty after Miller: the ambiguity as to what qualifies as “individualized sentencing”; the possible expansion of Miller’s exemption from mandatory sentencing to offenders who are not juveniles; and unresolved questions about the constitutionality of long prison sentences that are the practical equivalent of LWOP.
Analysis of symbol-design strategies for intrapulse radar-embedded communications

The design of communication symbols that may be embedded on an intrapulse basis into the backscatter generated by a high-power, pulsed radar is considered. This framework requires the asynchronous detection of transmitted symbols in a high-interference environment that degrades the capabilities of conventional intercept receivers. The impact of symbol design and filter structure upon the successful detection of covert symbols by the intended receiver and a hypothetical partially clairvoyant intercept receiver is examined.
A Study of the Baculum in Some North American Microtinae

As a systematic tool, the os penis or baculum has received considerable study in recent years. Descriptive studies have been summarized by Gilbert (1892), while Burt (1936) has listed the important papers dealing with the use of this structure in taxonomy. Burt (ibid.) suggested that the internal situation of this structure does not expose it to the stresses and strains as are the bones of the limbs and skulls, and points out that its true character is less likely to be disguised by extraneous factors. He concludes that the characters of the baculum should indicate to a greater extent the real affinities of the animal. Few reports are available on the structure of the os penis in the voles and lemmings. The baculum of Arvicola arvalis has been figured by Gilbert (ibid.) but since this was illustrated at natural size, none of the trenchant characters can be observed. Tullberg (1899) has illustrated the baculum of Arvicola amphibius but the figure is so small that it is impossible to observe the precise characters. Didier (1943) has used the character of the baculum to ascertain the relationship of Arvicola t. terrestris, A. t. amphibius and A. t. monticola. Considerable variation exists within a species and variation with age is apparent (Plate 1). Nevertheless, specific characters are for the most part fairly well marked and enable the investigator to draw conclusions regarding the relationships existing between genera, and, to a lesser degree, species may be separated from one another on the structural character of the baculum.
Clinical features and incidence rate of ocular complications in punctate inner choroidopathy.

Purpose:To study the clinical features and incidence rate of ocular complications in patients with punctate inner choroidopathy.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single-center academic practice setting. Patients diagnosed with punctate inner choroidopathy at the Wilmer Eye
Rethinking place in the study of societal responses to terrorism: Insights from Boston, Massachusetts (USA):

The dual conditions of an early emphasis on context within terrorism theory and an existing familiarity of place as point or jurisdiction for hazards researchers led to a subsequent diminished role...
Accident Analysis and Countermeasures Suggestion for Over Voltage Protector Overburning in Voltage Transformer Cabinet

This paper analyzes overburning accident of over voltage protector in low voltage winding voltage transformer cabinet of No.2 main transformer in 220 kV Tieshan substation of Jieyang power supply bureau of Guangdong power grid corporation and points out the incentive of the accident is intrusion into 10 kV high voltage chamber of thunder and lightning through 10 kV feeder which the main reason for expansion of the accident is phase fault caused by design defects of combined type over voltage protector in voltage transformer cabinet.Meanwhile,unreliability of terminal arrester and tower counterpoise of substation outlet cable is another reason for the accident.Aiming at existing problems in lightning protection of 10 kV distribution network and over voltage management,it proposes specified countermeasures.
285 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO AN URBAN INNER-CITY HOSPITAL.

Background Mycobacterium kansasii (MK) is an important cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection especially in the immunocompromised patient, but the clinical significance of positive cultures has been questioned in the past. Over the past decade, the number of patients at our institution with positive cultures for MK increased from Purpose To examine the epidemiological, clinical, and radiologic features of M. kansasii infection over a 10-year period from 1994 to 2004. Methods Chart review of any patient with a culture positive for M. kansasii between 1994 and 2004. Results During the study period, 320 cultures grew MK from 178 patients. Culture sources for the 320 isolates were respiratory in 303 (94.5%) and 144 (47.5%) of these were AFB smear positive. Other sources included 9 (2.8%) blood and 1 each urine, thigh, stool, pancreas, and perirectal abscess. Among 178 MK patients, 133 (74.7%) were male, 165 (92.7%) were black, and median age was 39 yrs (range 22-79 yrs). Most (159 [89%]) were HIV positive and median CD4 was 19 cells/μL. Twelve (7%) of patients died prior to discharge. Of 102 patients with a single positive culture, 66 (65%) were smear-negative c/w 31 (41%) of 76 patients with multiple positive cultures (p Conclusion M. kansasii infection increased at this institution over the last 10 years despite the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy during this period. This infection predominantly affected severely immunocompromised patients as evidenced by the very low median CD4 count. Less than 50% of patients were discharged on TB or MK Rx at time of diagnosis, making it very unlikely that the majority of cases received the recommended 18-month course of therapy. This proportion was not affected by Mtb PCR testing. Mtb PCR testing may have affected length of stay. Long-term outcome for these patients is under review.