cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability-aware scheduling for reducing system-wide energy consumption for weakly hard real-time systems

Abstract While energy consumption is the primary concern for the design of real-time embedded systems, reliability and Quality of Service (QoS) are becoming increasingly important in the development of today’s pervasive computing systems. In this paper, we present a reliability-aware energy management (RAEM) scheme for reducing the energy consumption for weakly hard real-time systems with (m, k)-constraints, which requires that at least m out of any k consecutive jobs of a task meet their deadlines. In order to ensure the (m, k)-constraints while preserving the system reliability, we propose to partition the real-time jobs into mandatory and optional ones as well as to reserve recovery space for mandatory ones in an adaptive way. Moreover, efficient on-line scheduling techniques are proposed to reduce the system-wide energy, which is consumed not only by the processor but also by other peripheral devices at run-time. Through extensive simulations, our experiment results demonstrate that the proposed techniques can significantly outperform the previous research in reducing system-wide energy consumption for weakly hard real-time systems while preserving the system reliability.
ReviewMiner: An Aspect-based Review Analytics System

We develop an aspect-based sentiment analysis system named ReviewMiner. It analyzes opinions expressed about an entity in an online review at the level of topical aspects to discover each individual reviewer's latent opinion on each aspect as well as his/her relative emphasis on different aspects when forming the overall judgment of the entity. The system personalizes the retrieved results according to users' input preferences over the identified aspects, recommends similar items based on the detailed aspect-level opinions, and summarizes aspect-level opinions in textual, temporal and spatial dimensions. The unique multi-modal opinion summarization and visualization mechanisms provide users with rich perspectives to digest information from user-generated opinionated content for making informed decisions.
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Neuroleptics and Neuroleptic Assay Methodology

The purpose of this review is to examine the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of neuroleptics and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used assay methods for determining neuroleptic plasma levels.
Gaming on the Rift: How Virtual Reality Affects Game User Satisfaction

Virtual reality (VR) headsets like the Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, and PlayStation VR can provide a unique experience different from traditional computer monitors. Research demonstrates some support for...
Deep Learning for Image-to-Text Generation: A Technical Overview

Generating a natural language description from an image is an emerging interdisciplinary problem at the intersection of computer vision, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence (AI). This task, often referred to as image or visual captioning, forms the technical foundation of many important applications, such as semantic visual search, visual intelligence in chatting robots, photo and video sharing in social media, and aid for visually impaired people to perceive surrounding visual content. Thanks to the recent advances in deep learning, the AI research community has witnessed tremendous progress in visual captioning in recent years. In this article, we will first summarize this exciting emerging visual captioning area. We will then analyze the key development and the major progress the community has made, their impact in both research and industry deployment, and what lies ahead in future breakthroughs.
Poverty's Monument: Social Problems and Organizational Field Emergence in Historical Perspective

This article draws on historical institutionalism as an approach to studying the relationship between business institutions and major social problems. Using the historical case of the emergence of savings banking as an organizational response to poverty in the nineteenth-century United States, I develop three conceptual claims about how social problems shape the processes of institutional and organizational change. First, I show how the “historical framing” of social problems shapes the processes of problematization, design, and legitimation related to institutional change. Second, I demonstrate how the dynamics of cooperation, competition, and alignment between an emerging organizational field and other fields shape the evolution of institutional responses to social problems. And finally, I illustrate how historical revisionism as a methodological approach can help management scholars re-consider settled empirical and theoretical claims in a way that takes social problems into account. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Examples of Rock Engineering in Chile

Publisher Summary This chapter presents examples of rock engineering in Chile. The case histories presented in the chapter emphasize the use of rather simple analytical or numerical tools, combined with field observations, instrumentation, and engineering judgment to solve practical problems. Field observations and monitoring are extremely important tools in the validation of the analytical results. Rock mechanics in Chile evolved from an almost unknown discipline to an organized science. Most of the engineering applications cover rather simple or traditional aspects. The main rock types are volcanic breccia and andesite. These volcanic rocks are nearly flat lying, with welded contacts. The inlet tunnel is located mainly in the volcanic breccia, a massive and uniform rock with a laboratory-measured, unconfined compressive strength ranging from 15 to 28 MPa but locally ranging from 8 to 18 MPa. The andesite is stronger and more fractured. The chapter describes the application of rock engineering principles to the design of flexible linings in a sector of El Salvador copper mine.
Experimental Determination of Detection Limits for Performing Neutron Activation Analysis for Gold in the Field

Measurements are presented of gold concentration in rock/soil samples by delayed neutron activation analysis using a device and method that are potentially field portable. The device consists of a ...
Ruggedized digital holographic data storage with fast access

Recent investigations in holographic mass memory systems have produced proof-of-concept demonstrations that have highlighted their potential for providing unprecedented capacity, data transfer rates and fast random access performance (Heanue et al. 1994; Hong et al. 1995; Psaltis and Mok 1995; Bernal et al. 1996; McMichael et al. 1996). The exploratory nature of most such investigations has been largely confined to benchtop experiments which have ignored the practical constraints of packaging and environmental concerns. We have embarked on an effort to demonstrate the holographic mass memory concept by developing a compact prototype system geared for avionics and similar applications which demand the following features (mostly interdependent factors): (1) solid state design (no moving parts), (2) fast data seek time, (3) robust with respect to environmental factors (temperature, vibration, shock). In this paper, we report on the development and demonstration of two systems, one with 100 MB and the other with more than 1 GB of storage capacity. Both systems feature solid state design with the addressing mechanism realized with acoustooptic deflectors that are capable of better than 50 μsec data seek time. Since the basic designs for the two systems are similar, we describe only the larger system in detail. The operation of the smaller system has been demonstrated in various environments including hand-held operation and thermal/mechanical shock; a photograph of the smaller system is provided, as well as actual digital data retrieved from the same system.
Social Evolution in “Other” Insects and Arachnids

The “other” social insects and their allies comprise a heterogeneous group of taxa exhibiting four types of social structure that reflect distinct evolutionary pathways: (1) exclusive maternal and biparental care; (2) exclusive paternal care; (3) resource defenders with soldier morphs; and (4) herds of juveniles or mixed adult–juvenile groups. Colony makeup varies from simple families to aggregates of multiple unrelated groups. Ecological correlates and evolutionary hypotheses for social evolution in these taxa are discussed. These societies have historically been neglected relative to eusocial taxa, but many exhibit a greater range of social complexity than previously suspected and have proven valuable as model systems for the study of social evolution.
Chromosomal distribution of Drosophila HMG-like proteins

Nuclei from Drosophila melanogaster embryos contain two major nonhistone chromosomal proteins which are extracted by 0.35 NaCl and by 2% perchloric acid. A63 (M^ about 63,000) and A13 (M^ about 10,000) both contain high levels of basic and acidic amino acids, a property characteristic of high mobility group (HMG) proteins isolated from vertebrate tissues. Polytene chromosomes were stained by immunofluorescent techniques with anti-A13 polyclonal antibodies. The staining pattern indicates that A13 does not specifically react with puffs, nor is the protein preferentially associated with heterochromatin or nucleoli. There appears to be multiple binding sites for A13 throughout nuclei. A13 is rapidly released from nuclei by micrococcal nuclease. A13 cannot be completely released from nuclei by this nuclease, however, since even at very high digestion levels, the protein is also detected associated with nucleosomal fractions. At these high digestion levels, only histone Hl-depleted mononucleosomes are solubilized in 5 mM EDTA. Some of these mononucleosomes also contain A13» The results indicate that A13 closely resembles the properties possessed by vertebrate HMGs 1 and 2.
Global Nitrogen Cycle

Human activity has significantly altered nitrogen (N) cycle. Prior to the industrialization and agricultural revolution, the vast majority of reactive N (Nr) on the Earth was created by microorganisms through biological N fixation, and this creation was balanced over geological time by denitrification. Over the past century, development of new agricultural practices to satisfy growing global demand for food has drastically disrupted the N cycling. Anthropogenic creation of Nr through Haber-Bosch process now rivals the rate of natural terrestrial N fixation. The unintentional creation of Nr during fossil fuel combustion also adds to the global N cycle. The anthropogenic influences on the N cycling vary across regions of the globe. To date, the largest changes in N cycling have occurred in developed countries in temperate zone. However, this is changing as fertilizer use and fossil fuel combustion increase in South Asia and tropical South America. The significant consequences of anthropogenic acceleration of N cycle is the eutrophication of estuaries and coastal waters, leading to hypoxic zones in many areas, as well as increased global inventories of potent greenhouse gas N2O.
Origin of Overpressure and Slope Failure in the Ursa Region, Northern Gulf of Mexico

Sedimentation-fluid flow-stability models predict the evolution of overpressure (pressure above hydrostatic) and stability of sediments in the Ursa region, northern Gulf of Mexico (IODP Expedition 308). Two-dimensional models across the Ursa region from 65–0 ka simulate overpressure up to 2 MPa in the shallow subsurface at Site U1324 and near 1 MPa at Site U1322, which is consistent with measurements. Overpressure history is controlled by sedimentation rate and distribution. Today overpressure is decreasing, but past high sedimentation periods were important overpressure sources. Infinite slope stability analyses indicate the slope is stable. Overpressure increase and stability decrease is most prevalent along the boundary between mud-rich mass transport deposits and silt-rich channel-levee deposits between Sites U1323 and U1322. This is controlled by high overpressure driving fluids laterally along permeable sediments to where overburden is thin. Even with high sedimentation rates at Ursa and lateral flow, unstable conditions are not simulated. Seismic and core observations, however, document recurring slope failures in the mud-rich deposits. We conclude that sedimentation-driven overpressure and lateral transfer of pressure created a marginally stable slope, but additional driving forces, such as extremely high sediment inputs or seismic accelerations created by salt tectonic-related earthquakes were required to initiate failure.
Theoretical Evidence from Ethics and Morality

Let us see finally how an ideal of justice, which exists within individuals as their beliefs, within the society as its institutions, and beyond the society as its relations with other societies, can be viewed when interpreted in terms of ethics.1
Historical Threat and the Priming of Tribal Violence

Humans are naturally tribal and protective of the tribe. But our evolutionary genetics to protect and defend are especially acute and strengthened when real threats surround us. For Americans this was the attack on the World Trade Center, as well as ongoing gun violence in urban areas, mass casualty events, and increasing school shootings. For fundamentalist Muslims it is a sense that the West, and indeed more liberal Muslims, seek to undermine and destroy their way of life. For Russia, it has been a history of invading enemies from Napoleon to Nazi Germany. For Israel it is the sense that a history of persecution and a Holocaust must never occur again, and that they can only depend on themselves for their own defense. Similarly, a once safe-feeling Europe has experienced repeated terrorist attacks across France and in London. For Palestinians, what they call “the Nakba” (“the catastrophe”) is their story of Israel’s takeover of their land and the ongoing struggle of the Israeli Occupation.
Assembling the Community-Scale Discoverable Human Proteome.

Summary The increasing throughput and sharing of proteomics mass spectrometry data have now yielded over one-third of a million public mass spectrometry runs. However, these discoveries are not continuously aggregated in an open and error-controlled manner, which limits their utility. To facilitate the reusability of these data, we built the MassIVE Knowledge Base (MassIVE-KB), a community-wide, continuously updating knowledge base that aggregates proteomics mass spectrometry discoveries into an open reusable format with full provenance information for community scrutiny. Reusing >31 TB of public human data stored in a mass spectrometry interactive virtual environment (MassIVE), the MassIVE-KB contains >2.1 million precursors from 19,610 proteins (48% larger than before; 97% of the total) and doubles proteome coverage to 6 million amino acids (54% of the proteome) with strict library-scale false discovery controls, thereby providing evidence for 430 proteins for which sufficient protein-level evidence was previously missing. Furthermore, MassIVE-KB can inform experimental design, helps identify and quantify new data, and provides tools for community construction of specialized spectral libraries.
DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Holstein cattle with variable milk yield

Milk yield for Holstein cows has doubled over five decades due to genetic selection and changes to management, but the molecular mechanisms that facilitated this increase are mostly unknown. Epigenetic modifications to the cattle genome are a plausible molecular mechanism to cause variation in milk yield and our objective was to describe genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from mature Holstein dairy cows with variable milk yield. Whole genome MeDIP-seq was performed following DNA extraction from PBMC of 6 lactating dairy cows from 4 different herds that varied in milk yield from 13,556 kg to 23,105 kg per 305 day lactation. We describe methylation across the genome and for 13,677 protein coding genes. Repetitive element reads were primarily mapped to satellite (36.4%), SINE (29.1%), and LINE (23.7%) regions and the majority (78.4%) of CpG sites were sequenced at least once. DNA methylation was generally low upstream of genes with the nadir occurring 95 bp prior to the transcription start site (TSS). Methylation was lower in the first exon than in later exons, was highest for introns near the intron-exon junctions, and declined downstream as the distance from the gene increased. We identified 72 differentially methylated regions (DMR) between high milk yield cows and their control, and 252 DMR across herd environments. This reference methylome for cattle with extreme variation in milk yield phenotype provides a resource to more fully evaluate relationships between DNA methylation and phenotype in populations subject to selection. The detection of DMR in cows of varying milk yield suggests potential to exploit epigenetic variation in cattle improvement programs.
Much in Common: What the Torah, Bible and Qu'ran Teach about Managing with Integrity

This paper explores how accumulated wisdom from the sacred texts of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Torah, Talmud, Bible, and Qu'ran provide many common codes prescribing behaving with integr...
The state of the science of interprofessional collaborative practice: A scoping review of the patient health-related outcomes based literature published between 2010 and 2018.

Introduction If interprofessional collaborative practice is to be an important component of healthcare reform, then an evidentiary base connecting interprofessional education to interprofessional practice with significantly improved health and healthcare outcomes is an unconditional necessity. This study is a scoping review of the current peer reviewed literature linking interprofessional collaborative care and interprofessional collaborative practice to clearly identified healthcare and/or patient health-related outcomes. The research question for this review was: What does the evidence from the past decade reveal about the impact of Interprofessional collaborative practice on patient-related outcomes in the US healthcare system? Materials and methods A modified preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach was followed. Results Of an initial 375 articles retrieved 20 met review criteria. The most common professions represented in the studies reviewed were physicians, pharmacists and nurses. Primary care was the most common care delivery setting and measures related to chronic disease the most commonly measured outcomes. No study identified negative impacts of interprofessional collaborative practice. Eight outcome categories emerged from a content analysis of the findings of the reviewed studies. Conclusions The results suggest a need for more research on the measurable impact of interprofessional collaborative practice and/or care on patient health-related outcomes to further document its benefits and to explore the models, systems and nature of collaborations that best improve population health, increase patient satisfaction, and reduce cost of care.
Understanding Self-Rated Health and Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in Three Colorado Communities

Domestic, onshore oil and gas production has increased substantially in the United States in the last ∼20 years, creating a range of positive and negative impacts on communities. In this paper, we ...
Ti diffusion in feldspar

Abstract—Diffusion of Ba in natural sanidine and plagioclase has been characterized under dry 1 atmconditions. Polished or cleaved sections of the feldspars were surrounded by source powders in Pt capsulesand annealed in air. Sources of diffusant consisted of BaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 powders mixed with groundfeldspar and prereacted in Pt crucibles at 975°C. Prepared sample capsules were annealed for times rangingfrom1htoafewmonths at temperatures from 775 to 1124°C. The Ba distributions in the feldspars wereproﬁled by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS).The following Arrhenius relation is obtained for Ba diffusion in sanidine (Or 61 ) for diffusion normal to the(001) cleavage face:D san 2.9 10 1 exp( 455 20 kJ mol 1 /RT) m 2 sec 1 .Diffusion normal to (010) appears to be slightly slower than diffusion normal to (001).For diffusion normal to (001) and normal to (010) in labradorite (An 67 ), the Arrhenius relations are,respectively,D lab (001) 2.3 10 7 exp( 323 20 kJ mol 1 /RT) m
Strategies for enhancing long-term carbon sequestration in mixed-species, naturally regenerated Northern temperate forests

We compared long-term C sequestration in the pools of aboveground portions of live trees, dead wood, and harvested wood products among highly contrasting forest management scenarios on a rotation (...
Shared Cell Biological Functions May Underlie Pleiotropy of Molecular Interactions in the Germ Lines and Nervous Systems of Animals

Evolutionary developmental biology focuses on understanding the origin and evolution of extant biological variation, and the genetic basis for this variation. The genetic toolkit appears largely finite across animals, such that a combination of regulatory evolution, gene recruitment (co-option) and genetic modularity often allow morphological and developmental diversity to arise. Here we summarize a number of observations from across animals, which together suggest that many genes and gene product interaction “modules” originally characterized for their role in the germ line also have neural roles. We explore potential explanations for this observation, noting that in the context of the germ line, these genes appear to have molecular and biochemical properties that make them well-suited to breaking symmetry within cells. The resulting asymmetry is often caused by gene products co-localizing asymmetrically to sub-cellular, non-membrane-bound, electron dense compartments known as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. RNP granules contain high concentrations of translationally quiescent messenger RNAs and proteins and are thought to act as hubs of localized translational control. We propose that the use of strict translational control, which may be achieved molecular processes important for RNP granule formation and/or small RNA-related processes, is an important property of and a commonality between the germ line and nervous tissues, and help explain, at least in part, the close relationship between these two tissue types.
Use of transient expression in plants for the study of the “gene-for-gene” interaction

One of the common responses in disease resistance defined by the “gene-for-gene” interaction is the hypersensitive response (HR), which is a rapid and localized cell death of plants at the site of infection. This specific cell death was used to develop a biolistic transient expression assay for the resistance response. If the transiently expressed gene causes the HR, the expression level of a cointroduced reporter gene decreases due to the rapid death of the cell. Using this assay, it was shown that expression of the Pseudomonas syringae avirulence genes, avrRpt2 or avrB, in Arabidopsis thaliana can elicit the HR when the plants carry the corresponding resistance gene, RPS2 or RPM1, respectively. This indicates that the avirulence genes are the only bacterial factors that are required to elicit the specific resistance response as long as the avirulence gene products are localized properly. This observation and others strongly suggest that the molecular recognition of pathogen attack occurs inside of plant cells for these combinations of avirulence gene and resistance gene. RPS2 and RPM1 are members of NBS-LRR class of resistance genes. NBS-LRR proteins could be cytoplasmic receptors for specific signal molecules from avirulent pathogens. We propose a speculative model to view different classes of resistance gene products from a unified perspective.
Reversible ketone hydrogenation and dehydrogenation for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Aqueous redox flow batteries with organic active materials offer an environmentally benign, tunable, and safe route to large-scale energy storage. Development has been limited to a small palette of organics that are aqueous soluble and tend to display the necessary redox reversibility within the water stability window. We show how molecular engineering of fluorenone enables the alcohol electro-oxidation needed for reversible ketone hydrogenation and dehydrogenation at room temperature without the use of a catalyst. Flow batteries based on these fluorenone derivative anolytes operate efficiently and exhibit stable long-term cycling at ambient and mildly increased temperatures in a nondemanding environment. These results expand the palette to include reversible ketone to alcohol conversion but also suggest the potential for identifying other atypical organic redox couple candidates.
Rapprochement Urbanism: An Exploration into the Rewilding of Jackson, Mississippi

Rapprochement urbanism addresses how wild environments can be accommodated in urban spaces to create more sustainable and resilient cities. Referring to the dual realities of wilderness and urbanity, this design strategy explores the interaction of their two structures to replace the misconception that cities are built "on” the natural environment, with the assertion that cities are built "in” it. Jackson, Mississippi currently treats adjacent vibrant ecological habitats as forgotten back alleys rather than urban assets. Utilizing interventions within a holistic plan, rapprochement urbanism combats urban sprawl and "back alley” attitudes, mitigates stormwater challenges, and facilitates human and animal spatial needs. Rapprochement urbanism, through the rewilding of Jackson, MS, allows architects to more directly impact and improve the ecological sustainability of this city of 170,000 inhabitants.[i] i"Jackson, Mississippi.” Jackson, Mississippi (MS) Profile: Population, Maps, Real Estate, Averages, Homes, Statistics, Relocation, Travel, Jobs,Hospitals, Schools, Crime, Moving, Houses, News, Sex Offenders. http://www.city-data.com/city/Jackson -Mississippi.html (Accessed November 01, 2018).
The Tradeoffs between Energy Efficiency, Consumer Preferences, and Economic Growth

The traditional economic rationale for government intervention in the economy is market failure. Underlying the market failure concept is the idea that, because of certain market frictions known as transaction costs, beneficial gains from trade are prevented from occurring that would otherwise increase social welfare. In recent years government agencies and academics have begun justifying policy interventions on the grounds that an additional form of market failure exists, known as a “behavioral market failure.” They extend the standard list of “neoclassical market failures” to include instances of suboptimal individual decision-making that occur because of various cognitive biases afflicting individuals. This chapter walks though the theory underlying behavioral market failures and provides a brief overview of the “energy efficiency gap,” which is a potential behavioral market failure often asserted to exist in markets for energy-consuming devices. Since regulators now sometimes assert behavioral bias when they justify regulatory interventions, the chapter also provides an example of an energy efficiency regulation where behavioral market failure forms an implicit rationale for the regulation. The article concludes with discussion of limitations of static market failure theory as a basis for regulatory interventions generally.
Biaryl bond formation through biocatalytic oxidative cross-coupling reactions

Biocatalysis offers compelling advantages in synthesis, often becoming the method of choice based on sustainability, safety, and selectivity considerations. Despite these advantages, enzymes in synthesis are typically dedicated to functional group interconversions in linear synthetic sequences and have not been broadly integrated into the retrosynthetic logic for carbon skeleton assembly. In this article, we disclose a biocatalytic platform for fragment coupling to assemble target molecules convergently. Specifically, we report a strategy for biocatalytic phenolic cross-coupling through oxidative C–C bond formation. Using cytochrome P450 enzymes, we demonstrate the ability to catalyze cross-coupling reactions on a panel of phenolic substrates and further demonstrate the ability to tune these catalysts to possess the desired reactivity, site-, and atroposelectivity. This streamlined method for constructing sterically-hindered biaryl bonds provides an engineerable platform for assembling molecules with programmable catalyst-controlled reactivity and selectivity unprecedented with small molecule catalysts.
Impulsivity moderates the relationship between previous quit failure and cue-induced craving.

Abstract Introduction Poor inhibitory control has been shown to be an important predictor of relapse to a number of drugs, including nicotine. Indeed, smokers who exhibit higher levels of impulsivity are thought to have impaired regulation of urges to smoke, and previous research has suggested that impulsivity may moderate cue-induced cigarette cravings. To that end, we conducted a study to evaluate the interplay between failed smoking cessation, cue-induced craving, and impulsivity. Methods Current smokers (n = 151) rated their cigarette cravings before and after laboratory to exposure to smoking cues, and completed questionnaires assessing impulsivity and previous failed quit attempts. Results Findings indicated that shorter duration of previous failed quit attempts was related to higher cue-induced cigarette craving, especially among smokers with higher levels of impulsivity. Conclusions Results underscore the importance of considering trait impulsivity as a factor in better understanding the management of cue-induced cravings.
Bearing Stigma, Carrying Gifts: What Colleges Can Learn from Students with Incarceration Experience.

There is an abundance of social science research confirming the positive outcomes associated with higher education for people who have served time in prison (Chappell in J Correct Educ 55(2): 148–169, 2004; Fine et al. in Changing minds: the impact of college in a maximum-security prison, Ronald Ridgeway, New York, 2001; Kelso 2000). Despite the evidence, institutions of higher education continue to ignore the findings, while reinforcing negative stigma and imposing institutional barriers to admission for students with documented criminal records (Rosenthal et al. in Boxed out: criminal history screening and college application attrition, Center for Community, New York, 2015). After analyzing focus groups and interviews from a participatory action research project with college students with documented criminal records, we identified a series of themes, which we have labeled gifts (McKnight and Block in The abundant community: awakening the power of families and neighborhoods, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, 2010; Halkovic et al. in Higher education and reentry: the gifts they bring, John Jay Research, New York, 2013. http://www.johnjayresearch.org/pri/gifts) students with criminal histories bring to their academic communities. These gifts include: deconstructing stigma/teaching the university; the desire to do more and give back; intimate knowledge of how systems work on the ground, and bridging relationships between the academy and underserved communities. Our evidence suggests that students with incarceration experience enhance the academic and civic environment of universities, dispelling the spurious suggestion that they are a risk to campus safety (Drysdale et al. in Campus attacks: targeted violence affecting institutions of higher education, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, 2010. http://www.secretservice.gov/ntac.shtml). We conclude with specific recommendations institutions of higher education should follow to foster greater inclusion in college communities.
Magnetic properties of the rare-earth silicide Ho5Si3

Despite their simple chemical formula and hexagonal structure, the magnetic and electrical properties of the family of rare-earth silicides R5Si3 have not been systematically investigated. To begin our systematic study of this system, we have synthesized Ho5Si3 and completed magnetic and resistivity measurements on this sample. AC susceptibility measurements show Ho5Si3 to have μeff=10.5μB/Ho atom and θ=16.5 K. Magnetic measurements indicate that Ho5Si3 undergoes two transitions at low temperatures, the first at 24 K is an antiferromagnetic transition, while the second, at about 8 K, is ferromagnetic. Low temperature measurements as a function of field reveal a metamagnetic transition at Hc=2.2 T. The behavior of this sample is consistent with the complicated low temperature ordering found in other members of this series.
In Abortion Litigation, It’s the Facts that Matter

This brief commentary for the Harvard Law Review Forum argues that courts need to do a better job of closely examining the facts underlying abortion legislation. Courts applying the undue burden standard generally demand from the plaintiffs fact-intensive proof that an abortion law will cause harm. At the same time, courts are highly deferential to the states’ own fact-based assertions about why these laws are needed. Although the “purpose prong” of the undue burden standard has largely been written off as toothless, courts can smoke out illegitimate purposes indirectly by looking more skeptically at the factual foundations supposedly necessitating abortion laws. Recent challenges to virtually identical abortion restrictions have turned on judges’ willingness or refusal to examine more closely the governments’ factual assumptions. This explains the opposite (preliminary) conclusions reached by the Fifth and Seventh Circuits, respectively, on the constitutionality of laws requiring abortion providers to obtain admitting privileges at nearby hospitals, an issue the Supreme Court appears likely to consider.
A model for partitioning the light absorption coefficient of suspended marine particles into phytoplankton and nonalgal components

[1] We developed a model for partitioning the spectral absorption coefficient of suspended marine particles, ap(λ), into phytoplankton, aph(λ), and nonalgal, ad(λ), components based on the stacked-constraints approach. The key aspect of our model is the use of a set of inequality constraints that account for large variability in the aph(λ) and ad(λ) coefficients within the world's oceans. The bounds of inequality constraints were determined from the analysis of a comprehensive set of 505 field determinations of absorption coefficients in various oceanic environments. The feasible solutions of the model are found by simultaneously satisfying all inequality constraints. The optimal solutions represented by the median values of feasible solutions for aph(λ) and ad(λ) generally agree well with field measurements and are superior in terms of error statistics compared with previous partitioning models. For example, on the basis of comparisons of optimal model solutions with field determinations of absorption coefficients, the systematic error calculated as the median ratio of model-derived to measured values for both aph(443) and ad(443) is within ±1% for our model. The random error represented by the mean absolute percent difference for aph(443) and ad(443) is <5% and <20%, respectively. This study suggests that our model has the potential for successful applications with input data of ap(λ) which can be collected from various oceanographic platforms.
Analysis of Differences in Nonteaching Factors Influencing Student Evaluation of Teaching between Engineering and Business Classrooms

In recent years, there have been increasing calls from the government and other organizations to provide easy public access to student evaluations of teaching. Indeed, the increasing ease of displaying and viewing large quantities of information, and competition among universities and majors for students, makes it likely that an era of greater transparency of this type of information is at hand. While students’ evaluation of teaching (SET) is one quantitative metric that rates the instructor, it may be influenced by factors that are often beyond the instructor's control. In this study, we analyze a longitudinal data set from both engineering and business schools of a large public university, and identify factors that influence SET. We show which factors have the highest influence on overall SET scores, and contrast these between engineering and business colleges. Colleges within the same university may have differences in the factors affecting SET, and recognition of this is important in effectively and fairly evaluating SET scores. We also provide recommendations regarding information that should be displayed along with the SET, particularly when SET scores are made public, so that instructors are not unduly penalized when their evaluations can be influenced by factors over which they have no control.
Nutritional screening in community dwelling older adults

callen b.l. (2010) Nutritional screening in community dwelling older adults. International Journal of Older People Nursing6, 272–281 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2010.00241.x Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to test whether a combination of validated tools, one for each of five leading nutritional risk factors, could predict unintentional weight loss in community dwelling older adults. Background. Non-invasive, easily administered nutritional screening tools for community dwelling older adults are few and those that are available are problematic. Method. Convenience samples of 115 adults ≥65 were interviewed. Height, weight and measures of the five nutritional risk factors were collected at interviews 6 months apart. Design. Repeated measures. Results. 91 subjects completing T2 were largely white (95.6%), female (69%), well educated and in good health. Multiple regression was conducted with unintentional weight loss as the dependent variable and depression (the GDS-SF), the Lubben Social Networking Scale, food security, food intake and Independent Activities of Daily Living as the predictor variables. The regression model was statistically significant (F (5, 85) = 0.30852, P = 0.003) with an adjusted r2 of 0.137. Conclusions. Five validated tools can be administered by nurses or non-professionals to screen for nutritional risk factors leading to unintentional weight loss. Implications for practice. Early screening has the potential to identify either nutritional risk or nutritional decline in older adults.
Improving Educational Outcomes for Latinos: A Study of the Interactive Policy Effects of Representative Bureaucracy and Personnel Stability

This article seeks to determine whether 2 common management strategies, representative bureaucracy and personnel stability, can be used in combination with each other in order to improve educational policy outcomes for Latinos. Using data from Texas school districts from 1994 to 2010 and a cross-sectional longitudinal research design, I find that although each theory on its own improved outcomes for Latinos, the 2 did not have a significant combined effect. Instead I find evidence of a substitution effect that allows 1 strategy to be used in place of the other in order to improve the academic performance of Latinos.
Barley distillers grains as a protein supplement for dairy cows.

Abstract Dried distillers grains produced from a mix of 65% barley and 35% corn were evaluated in digestion and lactation experiments. Dried barley distillers grains had 56% NDF, 29% CP, 3% amino acid N, 2.5% NDIN (55% of total N), and 1.8% ADIN (39% of total N). Wet barley distillers grains had 38% NDF, 27% CP, 2.7% amino acid N, .5% NDIN (12% of total N), and .8% ADIN (19% of total N). Digestibility of DM and N was similar among lactating dairy cows fed diets containing approximately 25% corn silage DM, 15% alfalfa silage DM, 15% alfalfa hay DM, plus varying amounts of a cornbarley concentrate mix and supplemental CP from soybean meal, barley distillers grains, or from 1:1 mixture of soybean meal and barley distillers grains. Digestibility of ADIN, NDF, and ADF increased with increasing amounts of barley distillers grains in the diet. Similar diets were fed to 60 Holstein cows for 84 d in a lactation experiment. Source of supplemental protein did not affect milk production (22.5 kg/d), FCM (20.4 kg/d), milk fat percent (3.6%), or DM intake (19.0 kg/d). Milk protein percent was decreased by feeding barley distillers grains. It was concluded that barley distillers grains were an acceptable protein source for dairy cows and that ADIN and NDF might not be appropriate measures of the nutritional value of this product.
Asymptotic comparison of missing data procedures for estimating factor loadings

Large sample properties of four methods of handling multivariate missing data are compared. The criterion for comparison is how well the loadings from a single factor model can be estimated. It is shown that efficiencies of the methods depend on the pattern or arrangement of missing data, and an evaluation study is used to generate predictive efficiency equations to guide one's choice of an estimating procedure. A simple regression-type estimator is introduced which shows high efficiency relative to the maximum likelihood method over a large range of patterns and covariance matrices.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractional-Wet Systems: A Pore-Scale Investigation

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a technology that could potentially increase the tertiary recovery of oil from mature oil formations. However, the efficacy of this technology in fractional-wet systems is unknown, and the mechanisms involved in oil mobilization therefore need further investigation. Our MEOR strategy consists of the injection of ex situ produced metabolic byproducts produced by Bacillus mojavensis JF-2 (which lower interfacial tension (IFT) via biosurfactant production) into fractional-wet cores containing residual oil. Two different MEOR flooding solutions were tested; one solution contained both microbes and metabolic byproducts while the other contained only the metabolic byproducts. The columns were imaged with X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) after water flooding, and after MEOR, which allowed for the evaluation of the pore-scale processes taking place during MEOR. Results indicate that the larger residual oil blobs and residual oil held under relatively low capillary pressures were the main fractions recovered during MEOR. Residual oil saturation, interfacial curvatures, and oil blob sizes were measured from the CMT images and used to develop a conceptual model for MEOR in fractional-wet systems. Overall, results indicate that MEOR was effective at recovering oil from fractional-wet systems with reported additional oil recovered (AOR) values between 44 and 80%; the highest AOR values were observed in the most oil-wet system.
Coordinate and independent regulation of αB-crystallin and hsp27 expression in response to physiological stress

alpha-Crystallins share structural and functional properties with the stress protein hsp27. These polypeptides are expressed at low constitutive levels in many tissues including brain, and alpha B-crystallin and hsp27 can accumulate in central nervous system glia in a variety of neurological conditions. We report here that heat shock and exposure to transition metals result in an increase in the steady state mRNA level of alpha B-crystallin and hsp27 in primary cultures of rat forebrain astrocytes. Both exposure to tumour necrosis factor-alpha and hypertonic conditions result in alpha B-crystallin mRNA accumulation but no change in the hsp27 mRNA level. Under some of these conditions increased synthesis and accumulation of alpha B-crystallin and hsp27 protein are also evident. We are unable to detect alpha A-crystallin mRNA in resting or stressed astrocytes. A novel phenomenon involving a transitory change in stress protein mRNA mobility in Northern blots during induction is reported, which is stress type and cell type independent. The results demonstrate multiple stress regulation of alpha B-crystallin and hsp27 in cultured astrocytes, suggesting that they can legitimately be regarded as stress proteins in the central nervous system.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mullite–Silicon Carbide Composites

Mullite-SiC-whisker composites were prepared by powder processing using two commercial SiC whiskers. These composites were prepared by sintering rather than hot-pressing. A mulliteSlC-powder composite and a base line mallite material were also prepared for comparison with the two whisker composite materials. Fracture toughness measurements showed significant enhancement in only one of the whisker composite materials. The microstructure of the four materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to assist in the explanation of the mechanical behavior of these composites. The examinations suggested that most of the toughening results from second-phase particles, with only limited toughening from effects associated with whiskers per se. In one case, higher toughness was partially associated with the formation of sialon phase by reaction with the whiskers and the furnace environment.
FCS Communications Technology for the Objective Force

As part of its technology development program for the Army's Future Combat System (FCS), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been working to develop the enabling communications technology needed to revolutionize the Army's future land force into a network centric force capable of operation at a level of synchronization, mobility, and force effectiveness which has been heretofore unachievable. Key to this network centric operation will be a scalable suite of multiband wireless, mobile adhoc networking devices which operate with directional antennas to provide significant improvements in capacity, Anti-jam, and Low Probability of Detection (LPD). This paper reviews the underlying motivation for this technology development and summarizes the numerous technology investments being made by DARPA under their FCS Communications technology program.
Photo-Mask for Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Structures

A methodology is presented for the batch fabrication of photonic crystal device structures based on a Multi-Beam Interference Lithography photo-mask. The mask produces a pre-designed set of beams to expose and record three-dimensional interference patterns.
Complications of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy at a University Hospital

Study objective To retrospectively review the indications and complications associated with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) in a university teaching hospital. Design Retrospective review from April 1, 1988 to March 30, 1993. Setting Large tertiary care university hospital. Patients or participants We reviewed 4,273 consecutive FFBs, including 2,493 bronchoalveolar lavages and 173 transbronchial biopsy procedures. Interventions None Results Most (52%) FFBs were performed for obtaining lower respiratory tract samples for evaluation of suspected infection. An additional 17% were performed to evaluate an abnormality seen on chest radiograph. The most common therapeutic indication was removal of retained secretions in 8% of FFBs. The mortality rate was 0%, and the frequency of major and minor complications was 0.5% and 0.8%, respectively. The incidence of major complications secondary to transbronchial biopsy was 6.8%. Conclusions Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy can be performed safely in a teaching hospital with appropriate preparation, supervision, and adherence to protocol.