cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Total Proton Conductivity in Large-Grained Yttrium-Doped Barium Zirconate

Barium zirconate has attracted particular attention among candidate proton conducting electrolyte materials for fuel cells and other electrochemical applications because of its chemical stability, mechanical robustness, and high bulk proton conductivity. Development of electrochemical devices based on this material, however, has been hampered by the high resistance of grain boundaries, and, due to limited grain growth during sintering, the high number density of such boundaries. Here, we demonstrate a fabrication protocol based on the sol−gel synthesis of nanocrystalline precursor materials and reactive sintering that results in large-grained, polycrystalline BaZr_(0.8)Y_(0.2O3−δ) of total high conductivity, 1 × 10^(−2) Scm^(−1) at 450 °C. The detrimental role of grain boundaries in these materials is confirmed via a comparison of the conductivities of polycrystalline samples with different grain sizes. Specifically, two samples with grain sizes differing by a factor of 2.3 display essentially identical grain interior conductivities, whereas the total grain boundary conductivities differ by a factor of 2.5−3.2, depending on the temperature (with the larger-grained material displaying higher conductivity).
Second Harmonic Generation Studies of Ozone Depletion Reactions on Ice Surfaces under Stratospheric Conditions

Hypochlorous acid, HOCl, an important species in the proposed heterogeneous mechanism for stratospheric ozone depletion, has been observed directly at submonolayer amounts on a single crystalline basal ice surface at 155−188 K, using the nonlinear optical method second harmonic generation. The ice is held in equilibrium with its vapor pressure. Second harmonic generation signals from 290 to 310 nm spectroscopically characterize the species and enable us to follow isothermal desorption kinetics in situ. HOCl desorbs as a single species with a Δ = 48 ± 4 kJ/mol, close to the cohesive energy of ice itself. The lifetime of HOCl on the clean ice surface at 185 K is estimated to be 4 s and the equilibrium surface coverage at 10-11 Torr HOCl to be around 4 × 1011 molecules/cm2, corresponding to about 0.1% of a monolayer. However, these same measurements performed on ice predosed with varying amounts of HNO3 show that the HOCl lifetime is lengthened by coadsorbed HNO3, depending on the HNO3 surface density.
An inner Cordilleran belt of muscovite-bearing plutons

Muscovite-bearing granitic rocks, rare in the great coastal batholiths of the western margin of North America, are common in an inland belt that stretches from Sonora to British Columbia. Compositional characteristics of these inland plutons (strongly peraluminous, high 87Sr/86Sr) ally them with the S-type granitoids, whereas the coastal batholiths are best described as I-type. Although a simple S-type origin by anatexis of metasediment is not required, compositions of these plutons imply a far greater contribution from ancient crustal material than do those of marginal batholiths. The distinction between margin and inner Cordillera in nature of plutonism suggests important regional differences in magmagenic processes; these differences must have been a function of variations in composition of and/or conditions in the preexisting crust. It is noteworthy that the muscovite-bearing belt is located at the edge of inferred Precambrian crust and generally corresponds to areas of intense deformation and regional metamorphism of Mesozoic through early Cenozoic time.
A record of crustal-scale stress; igneous foliation and lineation in the Mount Waldo Pluton, Waldo County, Maine

Abstract The Late Devonian Mount Waldo pluton is a porphyritic granite that has a magmatic foliation and lineation. Foliation is defined by: (1) preferred orientation of potassium feldspar phenocrysts and biotite crystals, and (2) the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). AMS alone defines the lineation. The carrier of the AMS signal is multidomain magnetite, confirmed by petrographic observation, high bulk susceptibility (generally >3 E3 SI units) of samples, and results of isothermal remanent magnetization experiments. AMS data from 26 sites in the pluton consistently show a subhorizontal north–south-trending lineation (defined by the orientation of the maximum axis of the AMS ellipsoid) and a subvertical north–south-striking foliation (whose pole is the minimum axis of the AMS ellipsoid). At individual sites, the feldspar and AMS foliations are parallel. The lack of evidence for significant solid state deformation in the pluton suggests that both the lineation and foliation are entirely magmatic in origin. The pluton's relatively small size (15 km diameter) and shallow emplacement depth (≤3 kbar) suggest that it was in its magmatic state for a short time, probably less than one million years. The orientation of the lineation and foliation is consistent with their formation due to a small increment of crustal-scale strain absorbed by the pluton in its geologically brief magmatic state. If so, these fabrics record a Late Devonian crustal-scale strike-slip stress regime that may also have driven dextral movement on the neighboring Norumbega Fault Zone.
Coordinating Constant Invention: Social Media's Role in Distributed Work

Cultural shifts in technology and organizational structure are affecting the embodied practice of symbolic-analytic work, creating the need for more fine-grained tracings of everyday activity. Drawing on interviews and observations, this article explores how one freelance professional communicator's social media use is intertwined with inventive social coordination. Networked writing environments help symbolic analysts gain access to communities of practice, maintain a presence within them, and leverage social norms to circulate texts through them.
Modified logistic regression using the EM algorithm for reject inference

Reject inference is one of the key processes required to build relevant credit scorecard models. Reject inference is used to infer the good or bad loan status to credit applicants that were rejected by the financial institution. If rejected applicants data is not used in the updating of the credit scoring model, the model is biased because it will not be representative of the entire applicant population. Many reject inference techniques perform an extrapolation method to infer the good or bad loan status of the rejected applicants. The issues with extrapolation are discussed, and this study provides a novel reject inference technique in which the rejected applicants are included in the model estimation process. The extrapolation problem is avoided using the methodology in this paper. The newly proposed reject inference technique is shown to outperform the standard extrapolation technique using a simulation study.
Gender in atrial fibrillation: Ten years later

Abstract Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in both male and female patients. Objective: This evidence-based update attempts to address the advances in the science of AF management in light of key gender issues. Methods: In October 2009, 2 investigators (H.I.M. and B.D.P.) independently searched MEDLINE (PubMed [1950–2009] and Ovid [2000–2009]) for all publication types in the English language, using database-specific controlled vocabulary describing the concepts of AF and gender ( atrial fibrillation, gender, women , and men for PubMed; atrial fibrillation and gender for Ovid). The reference sections from the identified publications were also used. The methodologic quality of publications, their content relevance, and the authors' expert opinions guided publication inclusion in this evidence-based narrative review. Articles relevant to gender differences in pathophysiology, outcomes, and treatment of AF are summarized and discussed. Results: Based on current available data, mortality is greater for women with AF than for men with AF. Women with AF have a higher risk of stroke compared with their male counterparts. Women derive the greatest benefit from anticoagulation in AF. There are no significant sex differences in major bleeding risk from warfarin. Women tend to be more symptomatic from AF than are men, but fare worse than men when a rhythm-control strategy is utilized with antiarrhythmic medications. Women have an increased risk for torsades de pointes when taking sotalol or dofetilide, and have a higher risk of bradyarrhythmias when taking antiarrhythmics. AF catheter ablation is successful and beneficial for selected patients of both sexes, although women may incur higher procedural bleeding complications. Women tend to be referred for AF ablation less and later than are men. Conclusions: The past decade has witnessed significant progress in the understanding and management of AF. Awareness of key sex-specific differences in AF allows for a more safe, effective, and personalized approach to the management of this disorder.
Hemangioblastoma of the Internal Acoustic Canal in a Patient With von Hippel–Lindau Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of von Hippel–Lindau disease in a 55-year-old woman who presented with an intracanalicular hemangioblastoma and discuss the otologic manifestations of this disease. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of this entity originating in the internal acoustic canal.
Stable Isotope Labeling by Essential Nutrients in Cell Culture for Preparation of Labeled Coenzyme A and Its Thioesters

Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MS) represents the gold standard for quantification of endogenously formed cellular metabolites. Although coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl-CoA thioester derivatives are central players in numerous metabolic pathways, the lack of a commercially available isotopically labeled CoA limits the development of rigorous MS-based methods. In this study, we adapted stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) methodology to biosynthetically generate stable isotope labeled CoA and thioester analogues for use as internal standards in liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC/MRM-MS) assays. This was accomplished by incubating murine hepatocytes (Hepa 1c1c7) in media in which pantothenate (a precursor of CoA) was replaced with [13C315N1]-pantothenate. Efficient incorporation into various CoA species was optimized to >99% [13C315N1]-pantothenate after three passages of the murine cells in culture. Charcoal−dextran-stripped fetal bovine...
The Library Meeting Survival Manual (Practical Library Management Series 1)

Browsing through the shelves of my local Borders and Walden Books stores, I found many volumes devoted to team management and time management. There was, however, next to nothing devoted to managin...
Effect of composition and growth temperature on the dielectric properties of Pb(ScTa)1-xTixO3 (PSTT) thin films grown by MOCVD

Abstract Highly (002) textured Pb(ScTa)1−xTixO3 (PSTT) (with x = 0–0.3) thin films were grown on LaNiO3 buffered Si substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique at temperatures ranging from 600 to 685°C. Dielectric properties showed strong dependency on the growth temperature and PT content. Ti addition acted as a “Curie” temperature shifter and increased the dielectric constants. Dielectric dispersion behavior was observed, along with a diffuse phase transition, characterizing the relaxor properties of PSTT.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Methods: Before enrollment in a 4-year, randomized trial of combination hormone therapy to prevent coronary heart disease, 2763 participants completed questionnaires on prevalence and type of incontinence. We measured factors potentially associated with incontinence including demographics, reproductive and medical histories, height, weight, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. We used multivariate logistic models to determine independent associations between those factors and weekly incontinence by type. Results: The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 67 ± 7 years; 89% were white and 8% were black. Fifty-six percent reported weekly incontinence. In multivariate analyses, the prevalence of weekly stress incontinence was higher in white than black women (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 5.1), in women with higher body-mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1 per 5 units, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3), and higher waist-to-hip ratio (OR 1.2 per 0.1 unit, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4). The prevalence of weekly urge incontinence was higher in older women (OR 1.2 per 5 years, 95% CI 1.1, 1.3), diabetic women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) and women who had reported two or more urinary tract infections in the prior year (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1, 3.6). Conclusion: Stress and urge incontinence are common in postmenopausal women and have different risk factors, suggesting that approaches to risk-factor modification and prevention also might differ and should be specific to types of incontinence.
The light requirement for protein synthesis and carbon dioxide fixation in highly purified intact Euglena chloroplasts

Abstract Highly purified chloroplasts isolated from E. gracilis var. bacillaris grown photoorganotrophically on low vitamin B-12 medium are clean and intact as indicated by transmission electron microscopy, rates of light-driven CO2 fixation and protein synthesis, and retention of all of the cellular cytochrome c-552 (Cyt-552). Protein synthesis saturates at about 5 W/m2 and is optimal in blue light; white or red light is somewhat less effective at saturation. Light saturation for photosynthetic CO2 fixation occurred at 15–30 W/m2 in chloroplasts; white or red light supported rates that were half those of intact cells at light saturation, but the lag in CO2 fixation by chloroplasts could be eliminated and the rates brought to those of intact cells by supplying an exogenous source of triose phosphate. The rates of CO2 fixation in chloroplasts supplied with blue light were only one-tenth the rate in white or red light at light saturation indicating a possible inhibitory of regulatory effect of blue light. Light-driven protein synthesis and CO2 fixation by chloroplasts were blocked completely by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl-1)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) (10 μm) or carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) (1.0 μm) indicating that both processes were dependent on non-cyclic electron flow and photophosphorylation. Protein synthesis, but not CO2 fixation, was blocked by D-threo chloramphenicol and other 70 S inhibitors of translation; cycloheximide was without effect on either process.
Cross flow tensors and finite volume approximation with by deferred correction

Abstract A general framework for full tensor finite volume schemes is presented along with properties of the schemes that in turn provide motivation for a deferred correction scheme. The approach is illustrated by writing a general nine node discretization as a five-node scheme plus a residual term involving the extra nodes. A possible solution procedure involves solving the standard five-node matrix problem to yield an initial solution, then re-solving the problem with the residual determined by the first iterate of the pressure field, relaxation using the pressure from the previous IMPES time step is also examined. Stability of the inner iteration is considered and strategies are discussed. This method is coupled with a higher order Godunov scheme for integrating the convective components of the flow equations. Results presented include two phase flow examples with full tensor fields and serve to demonstrate the potential of the method.
Health-related social control among older men with depressive symptomatology.

Objectives: Social control attempts, or attempts by social network members to influence a person's behavior, significantly predict men's health behaviors and psychological well-being. Despite the fact that depression is associated with compromised interpersonal functioning and poor health behaviors, the association between social control processes and depression has not been studied. Thus, this pilot study explored differential vulnerability to spouses’ social control attempts among older, male primary care patients with varying levels of depression symptom severity and the degree to which these attempts predicted patients’ behavioral and affective responses.Method: Participants included 88 older men referred by their primary care providers for a behavioral health assessment at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Data on sociodemographics, depressive symptomatology, health behaviors, spouses’ positive and negative social control attempts, and patients’ behavioral and affective responses to attempts were co...
Role of aggregates in the wavelength-dependent photochemistry of a main-chain liquid-crystalline polyaryl cinnamate

Several aspects of the thermal and photochemical behavior of a main-chain nematic liquid crystalline polyarylcinnamate are discussed. Hypochromic and other effects that are attributed to chromophore aggregation are observed in the UV-VIS spectra of heated polymer films. These effects are more pronounced upon thermal annealing. They can only be eliminated by recasting the film out of solution. Irradiation (313nm) of the polymer leads to cyclobutane dimer and photo-Fries rearrangement products. Aggregated chromophores seem to form cyclobutane products in preference to photo-Fries products. Dimer to photo-Fries product ratios are reported as a function of phase type. Preliminary indications are that long-wavelength (365nm) excitation of aggregates leads to preferential cyclobutane formation. Only weak fluorescence can be observed from polymer films and this is tentatively attributed to monomeric chromophores. There is no evidence of emission from excited aggregates.
Evaluation of the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by using the Ponseti method

The initial treatment of congenital idiopathic talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is most often nonsurgical. However, surgical treatment in the form of posteromedial release is often undertaken after failure of conservative measures. The prevalence of both immediate and long-term complications in surgically treated clubfeet has cultivated a renewed interest in nonsurgical treatment. The Ponseti method for treating clubfoot has seen a revived interest among those caring for infantile clubfeet. We report on our first 34 infants (57 clubfeet) treated by using the techniques and principles described by Ponseti. Using a standard scoring system, 54 of 57 clubfeet were successfully corrected without requiring posteromedial release. Only 2 patients (3 clubfeet) required extensive surgical correction. There were 6 relapses. In all recurrent cases, there was a lack of compliance with the straight-last shoe and foot abduction bar regimen. Based on this level of initial success, we believe that posteromedial release is no longer necessary for the majority of cases of congenital clubfeet.
Mass Media and the Knowledge Gap A Hypothesis Reconsidered

A principal consequence of mass media coverage about national public affairs issues, particularly from print media, appears to be an increasing "knowledge gap" between various social strata. Previous data presented by the authors were concerned with issues largely external to the local community. More recent work raises the question whether social conflict about a community issue will tend to open the gap further, or close it. Survey data from fifteen Minnesota communities experiencing conflicts of varying magnitude indicate that as level of conflict about local issues increases, the knowledge gap actually tends to decline. Level of interpersonal communication about the issue appears to be a major intervening variable. Thus, it appears that the knowledge gap hypothesis needs to be modified according to the type of issue involved and the conflict dimensions of the issue within the community.
Effects of Feeding Low-Level Chlortetracycline to a Dairy Herd Continuously for One Year

Summary The effects of feeding chlortetracycline at the low level (0.1mg. per pound of body weight, or 0.2 p.p.m.) were studied for a continuous period of 12 mo. on 34 pairs of Guernsey cows in one herd. Under the conditions of this experiment, the incidence of diseases such as foot rot, bloat, metritis, and milk fever was low in both treated and untreated groups. There was a moderate number of mastitis cases in both groups, with no significant difference between them. Differences found in the production of milk, fat, 4% FCM, 4% FCM-ME, fat percentage, persistency of lactation level, daily peak production, or average yield per month were statistically not significant. A comparison of the initial 15 cow pairs showed tendencies in milk, fat percentage, and 4% FCM production in favor of the chlortetracycline treatment, but differences were statistically significant only for fat and 4% FCM production. This experiment with lactating cows and a low-level oral dosage of chlortetracycline did not seem to add new support to a concept of direct metabolic action by chlortetracycline, on the basis of the criteria used for evaluation, even though there was a tendency for the chlortetracycline-fed cows to have an increased fat content in the milk.
DISUBSTITUTED BORON CATIONS CLEAVE CARBONYL BONDS

The disubstituted boron cations CH3OBOCH3+ and CH3BCH3+ readily cleave CO and C−C bonds in gaseous long-chain aldehydes and ketones in a dual-cell Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Abstraction of OH by the borocations yields a hydrocarbon product ion that contains the entire carbon skeleton of the aldehyde or ketone. A competing abstraction of part of the carbonyl compound as a small aldehyde results in a borocation product that is indicative of the location of the carbonyl group in the neutral substrate. The mechanisms of these two reactions likely involve common intermediates formed via 1,2-hydride shifts in an initially formed B−OC adduct. Both reactions are highly exothermic. The OH abstraction reaction is the thermodynamically favored pathway while aldehyde abstraction is kinetically favored by the smaller carbonyl compounds. The overall enthalpy change associated with the latter reaction is likely to be relatively insensitive to the size of the carbonyl compound. In contra...
The derivation of ecological relationships from physical and chemical principles.

Abstract Organic reaction networks are formalized by representing chemical species as points in a space and representing reactions by connectivity rules. Using the generalized network, the behavior of the system is investigated under conditions of electronically exciting input and output to a thermal reservoir. Under steady-state conditions the system undergoes material cycles of the type shown by the major ecological cycles. A consideration of the attractor nature of the equilibrium state of the system leads to the conclusion that the energetically lowest-lying molecules must be inputs into the material cycles. Certain general features of the ecological system are thus shown to follow from the physical and chemical properties of an organic reaction network.
The service sector, monopolistic competition and the impact of emigration

Abstract A framework is developed in which the service sector is characterized by the production of slightly-differentiated commodities under conditions of monopolistic competition. The impact of labor emigration is then examined and found to be welfare-worsening for the non-migrants.
Beyond Job Satisfaction: A Five-Year Prospective Analysis of the Dispositional Approach to Work Attitudes.

Abstract Mounting evidence indicates a dispositional component to global job satisfaction. Unfortunately, however, relatively little attention has been given to the potential effects of dispositions on work-related attitudes other than global job satisfaction. We used a five-year prospective design to investigate the relationships of affective disposition with a set of attitudes oriented toward different aspects of work: the job, the organization, and the career. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job involvement, career commitment and career satisfaction each showed significant stability over five years. Cross-lagged panel analyses suggested that affective disposition plays an important role in the change of job attitudes across time. Analyses also support the hypothesis that affective disposition would be more weakly related to job involvement than to the other attitudes.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Empiricism backfires

Summary A 35-year-old male was hospitalized with hypoxemic respiratory failure and newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia. After initial improvement with chemotherapy and broad spectrum antibiotics, including antifungal therapy with voriconazole, a new right upper lobe pulmonary 1.6 cm nodule was discovered during workup for persistent fever. Respiratory failure recurred and repeat CT revealed that the nodule had become a necrotic mass involving the right upper lobe, chest wall, and mediastinum, which biopsy showed to be mucormycosis. Therapy was changed to amphotericin, but the patient died. As this case demonstrates, optimal management of patients with suspected invasive fungal disease mandates a vigorous diagnostic evaluation, especially in the face of new or evolving radiographic findings. Antifungal therapies are not equal in their ability to treat non-aspergillus molds, and as such may not address the responsible pathogen. The potential downside of empiricism and diagnostic delay is demonstrated here.
SemaDroid: A Privacy-Aware Sensor Management Framework for Smartphones

While mobile sensing applications are booming, the sensor management mechanisms in current smartphone operating systems are left behind -- they are incomprehensive and coarse-grained, exposing a huge attack surface for malicious or aggressive third party apps to steal user's private information through mobile sensors.In this paper, we propose a privacy-aware sensor management framework, called SemaDroid, which extends the existing sensor management framework on Android to provide comprehensive and fine-grained access control over onboard sensors. SemaDroid allows the user to monitor the sensor usage of installed apps, and to control the disclosure of sensing information while not affecting the app's usability. Furthermore, SemaDroid supports context-aware and quality-of-sensing based access control policies. The enforcement and update of the policies are in real-time. Detailed design and implementation of SemaDroid on Android are presented to show that SemaDroid works compatible with the existing Android security framework. Demonstrations are also given to show the capability of SemaDroid on sensor management and on defeating emerging sensor-based attacks. Finally, we show the high efficiency and security of SemaDroid.
Barrett's Esophagus and Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: a Pathologic Perspective

Barrett's esophagus is defined clinically by the presence of endoscopically evident columnar mucosa in the distal esophagus with histopathologic confirmation of the presence of intestinal-type epithelium. The etiology of Barrett's esophagus is understood poorly, but chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease is considered a major contributing factor. Barrett's esophagus is associated with the development of adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. It is believed that the development of a Barrett-type mucosa with intestinal goblet-type cells is due to an altered process of differentiation of pluripotent epithelial stem cells in response to the local injury and repair process. The potential identification and isolation of markers for screening purposes and possibly prognostic information are areas of considerable clinical and scientific interest.
Effect of water vapor on the catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide

Extension of the kinetics of the catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide on activated carbon and silica gel confirms the rate-controlling step postulated by previous workers. The effect of variables including water vapor on the reaction rate is expressed by an equation containing the constants a, b, c, and w, which have been evaluated for both catalysts at 30°, 45°, and 60°C. The effect of water vapor is to reduce the reaction by reversible adsorption on the active sites of the catalyst. The value of w is dependent on temperature but independent of water-vapor concentration up to a relative humidity of 20%. Above 20% the value of w for activated carbon increases greatly with relative humidity, in agreement with the effect of capillary adsorption at high water contents.
SKIP QUADTREES: DYNAMIC DATA STRUCTURES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL POINT SETS

We present a new multi-dimensional data structure, which we call the skip quadtree (for point data in R2) or the skip octree (for point data in Rd, with constant d > 2). Our data structure combines the best features of two well-known data structures, in that it has the well-defined “box”-shaped regions of region quadtrees and the logarithmic-height search and update hierarchical structure of skip lists. Indeed, the bottom level of our structure is exactly a region quadtree (or octree for higher dimensional data). We describe efficient algorithms for inserting and deleting points in a skip quadtree, as well as fast methods for performing point location, approximate range, and approximate nearest neighbor queries.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The etiology of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains to be better understood. Based on the studies from ALS patients and transgenic animal models, it is believed that ALS is likely to be a multifactorial and multisystem disease. Many mechanisms have been postulated to be involved in the pathology of ALS, such as oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, defective axonal transport, glia cell pathology and aberrant RNA metabolism. Mitochondria, which play crucial roles in excitotoxicity, apoptosis and cell survival, have shown to be an early target in ALS pathogenesis and contribute to the disease progression. Morphological and functional defects in mitochondria were found in both human patients and ALS mice overexpressing mutant SOD1. Mutant SOD1 was found to be preferentially associated with mitochondria and subsequently impair mitochondrial function. Recent studies suggest that axonal transport of mitochondria along microtubules and mitochondrial dynamics may also be disrupted in ALS. These results also illustrate the critical importance of maintaining proper mitochondrial function in axons and neuromuscular junctions, supporting the emerging “dying-back” axonopathy model of ALS. In this review, we will discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the ALS variants of SOD1 and the mechanisms by which mitochondrial damage contributes to the disease etiology.
Dairy Cattle Breeding: Contributions of Research on Field Data

Abstract Papers about dairy cattle breeding published in the Journal of Dairy Science from 1960 through 1975 were categorized according to whether the data came from institutional herds or from field collection and also according to whether the research was done with support of a regional project. Most project papers involved institutional data. The vast majority of nonproject papers made use of field data. Nearly all papers classified as theoretical were also associated with field data or field recommendations. The major impact of breeding research projects with field data has been from improved genetic evaluation for production and from development of optimum selection programs. Institutional projects have had more indirect impact by testing such breeding plans as crossbreeding and inbreeding which if implemented without testing would have reduced dairy income. Additional federal and state funds should be appropriated for collection and analyses of field data with increased emphasis on development of statistical and breeding theory as well as on more efficient computing strategies. Experimental herds should continue to be supported for the collection of management and health data and to illustrate the economic validity of recommended selection and evaluation procedures.
Quality characteristics of frankfurters containing corn germ protein.

A process for incorporating defatted corn germ protein (CGP) in comminuted meat products was developed and tested under commercial conditions. Advantages of using 3% defatted CGP in meat products were established: improvement of the quality characteristics and increase yield of the product. The following differences between experimental and control frankfurters were found: decreased batter viscosity, increased protein, decreased fat and moisture content, lowered firmness and shear force, lighter color, decreased meaty aroma and flavor and increased off-flavor. Storage for 30 days affected sensory properties of frankfurters.
The analytic surface and the theory of technique

This paper examines the concept of the analytic surface as a starting point for the interpretive process in relation to the theory of psychoanalytic technique. The history of the concept of the analytic surface within psychoanalysis is reviewed. Four different conceptualizations of analytic surfaces are described (M.M. Gill, P. Gray, A. Kris, E.A. Schwaber). The advantages of a "surface" approach are explored in relation to clinical work, the teaching of psychoanalytic technique, and opportunities for research. Some criticisms of the concept are explored.
On the projection of many-electron spin eigenstates

A translation is made of spin projection methods into the language of second quantization. This leads to a new formula for the Sanibel coefficients and expressions convenient to use for automatic calculation of spin projections.
Horner’s Syndrome Following Very Low Concentration Bupivacaine Infusion for Labor Epidural Analgesia

Abstract Horner's syndrome is a complication of epidural analgesia and anesthesia, encountered more commonly in pregnant women than in other patients. Previous reports described the appearance of Horner's syndrome following epidural injection of concentrated local anesthetic solutions. We report unilateral Horner's syndrome occurring in the setting of lumbar epidural analgesia for labor with a very low local anesthetic concentration (bupivacaine 0.04%) in an epidural infusion. We discuss the possible factors that could have contributed to this occurrence despite the extremely dilute concentration of local anesthetic used for analgesia.
Departure time versus departure rate: How to forage optimally when you are stupid

Foragers unable to leave a patch at the optimal moment must act as constrained foragers. Extending the results of Houston and McNamara (1985), we compare a blundering forager that leaves patches at a constant rate with an unconstrained optimal forager that leaves patches at the optimal time. When a dimensionless measure of environmental quality exceeds a particular value, the blundering forager remains in patches longer on average than the unconstrained optimal forager. The relative success of the blundering forager is, paradoxically, lowest when its average departure time exactly matches that of the unconstrained optimal forager. When foraging in two dimensions, blundering provides a robust spatial foraging strategy for dealing with unknown diVerences in patch size.
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome: explaining the skin-brain connection.

The association of cutaneous disease with neurologic symptoms has long been recognized as a fascinating, if not puzzling, diagnostic clue. Most of the well-known neurocutaneous disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, exhibit characteristic pigmentary changes. In this issue of Neurology, van Domburg et al.1 remind us that the quality of the skin is as important as the color. These investigators report the clinical features and neuroimaging findings in 11 patients with Sjogren–Larsson syndrome (SLS), a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease characterized by ichthyosis, mental retardation, and spastic diplegia or tetraplegia.2 Although originally described in a group of consanguineous Swedish patients,3 SLS has a widespread worldwide occurrence. Similar to other rare multisystem diseases, the diagnosis of SLS is almost invariably delayed. The cutaneous symptom of scaling hyperkeratosis is usually present at birth, when other symptoms are lacking. A consulting dermatologist finds ichthyosis with nonspecific histologic changes, unaware that the infant has occult neurologic disease. By the time developmental delay and spasticity develop in the first or second …
Imperfect information and the housing finance crisis: A descriptive overview

We now know that the subprime market presented consumers with sub-optimal choices that they took, and that it contained many market imperfections. The interesting question, then, is what were the sources of imperfections. In the spirit of providing an introduction for this special issue of the Journal of Housing Economics, this paper g discusses possible sources of market failure. Market imperfections in the Mortgage Finance System are classic: asymmetric information and agency problems. But we argue that the asymmetries and agency problems were not one-sided, but rather involved a multiple set of problems that need to be addressed.
Biochemical Studies on the Alligator

SummaryThe following determinations have been done on fasting alligators: blood cell count, % white cells, hematocrit, M.C.V., sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, blood vol., blood glucose, liver glyco...
Introduction to the special section on DSM-5 and forensic psychiatry.

The American Psychiatric Association's (APA) 2013 publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),[1][1] marks the first substantial revision of the psychiatric diagnostic classification system since the publication of DSM-III in 1980.[2][2] In recent
Concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories for large teams of interchangeable robots

This paper considers the problem of finding optimal time parameterized trajectories for N unlabeled robots navigating through a cluttered environment to N unlabeled goal locations where success is defined as every goal being reached by any robot. We propose a complete computationally-tractable algorithm for simultaneously finding trajectories and assignment of goal locations. This method is then demonstrated to have an upper complexity bound of that scales polynomially in the number of robots, O(N3). The trajectories generated are guaranteed to be minimum length and collision free, while the assignment policy minimizes the maximum distance travelled. The key idea in the paper comes from the coupling between the optimal assignment, the properties of the resulting paths, and the set of valid priority assignments to the robots. These benefits result from structure in the solution to the optimal assignment to create a partial ordering of the robots, which in turn allows safe trajectories to be easily generated. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithm through simulations with tens and hundreds of robots operating in cluttered and confined environments.
Financial stress and economic activity in some emerging Asian economies

Abstract This paper investigates episodes of financial stress and its relationship to economic activity in some Southeast Asian economies. To that end, we use a dynamic factor model to construct a financial stress index for Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand and examine the relationship between financial stress and economic activity. Our financial stress index consists of riskiness in the banking sector, security market risk, currency risk, external debt and sovereign risk. Empirical results indicate that our financial stress index tracks recessions closely in the sample and impulse response functions suggest financial stress causes significant economic slowdowns.
Single- and Triaxis Piezoelectric-Bimorph Accelerometers

This paper describes the novel single- and triaxis piezoelectric-bimorph accelerometers that are built on parylene beams with ZnO films. The unamplified sensitivity and the minimum detectable signal of the fabricated single-axis accelerometer are measured to be 7.0 mV/g and 0.01 g, respectively, over a frequency range from 60 Hz to subhertz. The linearity of the sensitivity as a function of acceleration is measured to be 0.9% in the full scale. A highly symmetric quad-beam bimorph structure with a single proof mass is used for triaxis acceleration sensing and is demonstrated to produce high sensitivity, low cross-axial sensitivity, and good linearity, all in a compact size. The unamplified sensitivities of the X-, Y-, and Z-axis electrodes (of the triaxis accelerometer) in response to the accelerations in X-, Y-, and Z-axes are 0.93, 1.13, and 0.88 mV/g, respectively. The worst-case minimum detectable signal of the triaxis accelerometer is measured to be 0.04 g over a bandwidth ranging from subhertz to 100 Hz. The cross-axial sensitivity among the X-, Y-, and Z-axis electrodes is less than 15% in the triaxis accelerometer. The theoretical analyses of the charge sensitivities and resonant frequencies along with the effects of residual stress on the charge sensitivities are presented for both the single- and triaxis accelerometers.
Family Conflict and Childhood Anxiety

In considering childhood anxiety disorders, it is important to look at the child in context since family environment and conflict influence the child’s anxiety as well as treatment outcomes. The present chapter discusses the effects of interparental conflict, parent–child conflict, and sibling relationships on anxiety. A case study at the end of the chapter illustrates the implications of family conflict on a child’s anxiety and treatment.
Duplex Ultrasound Use for Bedside Insertion of Inferior Vena Cava Filters

Venous thromboembolic disease and subsequent pulmonary embolism are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States affecting nearly 400,000 patients and causing approximately 200,000 deaths per year. 1, 2, 3 Anticoagulation has remained a standard of therapy for patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. Vena cava interruption has emerged as an acceptable means of treating patients in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated or who fail anticoagulation with recurrent pulmonary embolism. Since its introduction in 1973, the Greenfield vena cava filter has become the filter to which all others are compared.4 Due to a low complication rate, improved lower profile delivery systems, and the high degree of protection from pulmonary embolism, the indications for vena cava filters are being reevaluated.5, 6, 7 This combined with more standardized methods of reporting and follow-up has resulted in a rapid growth in the number of filters placed in the past decade.8,9
Return of results to the families of children in genomic sequencing: tallying risks and benefits

Return of results to the families of children in genomic sequencing: tallying risks and benefits
Intracutaneous Vaccination of Rabbits with Pneumococcus. I. Antibody Response.

Suspensions of heat killed pneumococci were injected into the skin of rabbits at intervals of 7 days during a period of 10 to 14 weeks. The total amount of bacterial substance injected was equivalent to and often greater than that ordinarily employed in the routine immunization of rabbits by the intravenous method. Pneumococci of Types I and III and a degraded “R” strain derived from Type II were used. The sera of the treated rabbits were tested for the presence of agglutinins, precipitins, and protective antibodies. The serum obtained from 85% of the animals immunized intracutaneously with Type I pneumococcus failed to show the presence of any demonstrable type specific antibodies. Virulent cultures of Type I were not agglutinated, nor were solutions of the specific soluble substance from organisms of the homologous type precipitated by these sera even when used in high concentrations. Only rarely did the serum confer any passive protection upon mice infected with a virulent strain of Type I, and in thes...
Levels in Y 89 Excited by the Y 89 (n,n'γ) Reaction

Gamma-ray spectra from the ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}(n,{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction have been studied using a ring geometry for fifteen ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}(p,n)$ neutron energies ranging from 0.78 to 3.36 MeV. Ground-state gamma-ray transitions arising from levels in ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}$ at 0.908\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003, 1.506\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005, 1.745\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006, 2.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, and 3.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 MeV, as well as cascade gamma rays of 0.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01, 1.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01, and 1.62\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 MeV arising from levels in ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}$ at 2.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 and 2.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 MeV, have been observed. Spin and parity assignments of ${3/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${5/2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ have been made for the 1.51- and 1.75-MeV levels, primarily as a result of comparisons of ratios of experimental cross sections for these two levels with theory. Tentative assignments are made for higher levels. Theoretical level excitation cross-section calculations for various values of spin and parity are done with a computer using the Hauser-Feshbach method and optical-model transmission coefficients obtained from various theories. The 1.75-MeV gamma-ray angular distribution was calculated using Satchler's theory and the corresponding level excitation cross section was corrected accordingly.A new level scheme is presented for ${\mathrm{Y}}^{89}$ which takes into account all known data up to the present time. It is suggested that some of the levels excited in the present work may be due in part at least to coupling of a ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ proton to the ${2}^{+}$, ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and (${2}^{+}$) excited levels of a ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$ core.
Mindfulness and Money Management: The post-crisis Behavior of Financial Advisors

We conducted, to our knowledge, the first empirical study of mindfulness with respect to financial advisors and their post 2008 financial crisis behavior. Our hypotheses were derived from semi-stru...
The Research on Explosion Mechanism and Protection Technology of Magnesium Powder

There exists fire and explosion of magnesium powder in the process of its manufacture,transport,use and so on,so it is important to take effective protection measures to prevent and reduce magnesium powder explosion accidents.This paper firstly analyzes the magnesium powder explosion mechanism and then raises preventive and protective technologies of magnesium powder based on the conditions of magnesium powder explosion,using the explosion suppression methods for protective technologies and selecting 7150 or powder as the explosion suppressant.Moreover some suggestions are provided correspondingly to offer references for magnesium powder explosion accident research.
Mechanism Design of Electronic Reverse Auction Considering Supplier's Cost Structure

Procurement using electronic reverse auction is an important method for enterprises and government to reduce procurement cost.However,due to the different cost structure of different type supplier,it is difficult to carry out the mechanism of electronic reverse auction successfully.Considering two types of cost structure supplier,i.e.distributor and manufacturer,mechanism design of electronic reverse auction was studied.The basic mechanism was designed at first,which included the bidding strategy of supplier and allocation strategy of purchaser.The result revealed that the basic mechanism was efficient for the auction when the supplier was distributor.After that,taking into account the basic mechanism cannot achieve the convergence of manufacturer auction,an improved mechanism with limited strategy was proposed.The improved mechanism could achieve the convergence of manufacturer auction.Numerical simulation based on Matlab showed the efficiency of proposed mechanisms.