cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pre‐storm emergency supplies inventory planning

Purpose – Planning inventories for emergency supplies such as bottled water, non‐perishable foods, batteries, and flashlights can be challenging for retailers situated within the projected path of a severe storm. The retailer's inventory decisions are complicated by the inherent volatility of storm forecasts and the corresponding demand predictions. The purpose of this paper is to explore both proactive and reactive inventory control policies within the context of probable pre‐storm demand surge for a fast‐moving emergency supply item, and identify the conditions that are most conducive to each strategy according to the minimax decision criterion.Design/methodology/approach – The inventory system is formulated based on an underlying economic order quantity framework. Minimax decision rules are developed analytically. Sensitivity analysis is facilitated by both analytic and numerical methods.Findings – The conditions that are conducive to a proactive ordering strategy are limited supplier flexibility, acut...
Milieu Therapy in Residential and Inpatient Settings

Residential and inpatient settings are service sites when emotional, mental, and behavioral problems are severe enough to require 24-hr treatment environments before clientele can return to less-restrictive settings. The structure of staff and client responsibilities is the core of any residential program. Traditional inpatient wards are organized like medical hospitals for the physically ill, where staff administer psychosocial and biomedical treatments as more-or-less discrete entities. Here, the unit-wide program provides supportive care. Treatment is in rather than by or through the unit-wide program. Milieu therapy, in contrast, means treatment by the environment. Therapeutic community and social learning approaches to milieu therapy have emerged as the most promising alternatives. In both, an overriding set of principles and procedures is followed by all clinical personnel with all clientele. For milieu therapy units, treatment is by and through their psychosocial programs. Evidence clearly supports social learning programs and particular therapeutic community approaches as replacements for traditional practices. Keywords: evidence-based practice; managed care; social-learning program; therapeutic community; traditional inpatient wards; institutionalization; schizophrenia; therapy
Student Perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center, Water Resources, and Water Issues

In this descriptive-correlational study, students (n = 440) enrolled at the University of Arkansas (UA) were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC), water resources, and water issues. This study found participants were most aware (mean = 3.23, SD = 1.14), concerned (mean = 4.07, SD = 0.86), and interested (mean = 4.10, SD = 0.87) in drinking water quality. Students who participated were least aware of the AWRC (mean = 2.23, SD = 1.10) with 67.6% of students reporting either a low or very low level of awareness. The data showed positive correlations existed between students' overall interest, awareness, and concern for water. Interest and awareness had a strong positive correlation, r = 0.61, p < 0.0001. Also, interest and concern had a strong positive correlation, r = 0.75, p < 0.0001. There was a moderate positive correlation between awareness and concern, r = 0.50, p < 0.0001. Additionally, there were direct positive correlations between students' class experiences, their interest in learning more about the AWRC, and their overall interest, awareness, and concern for water. The results of this study demonstrate a need for more water centers and natural resource organizations to identify perceptions among audience groups to determine effective communication campaign needs and strategies, including educational content, message placement, and communication media. Future research should attempt to fill the identified gap noted in this research.
Flow Graph Solutions of Band Matrix Problems

The technique of linear flow graph analysis is used for solving sets of simultaneous linear equations of the tri-diagonal banded type. The general solution of the equations can be written directly in algebraic form using the standardized graph representation. Each variable is solved for separately without solving for the remaining variables. The general solution for n simultaneous equations is formulated and can be readily used for computer programming. Estimates of the calulation time are made and compared with existing methods of solution.
Gradient-Orthonormal Bases of Momentum-Entire Wavelets in Odd Dimension

We construct gradient-orthonormal bases of momentum-entire wavelets in dimension n in the case where n is odd. The scale factor is 3 √ 2 and the coherence on a given scale is based on the propagator exp(~s · ~ 54). This propagator can be described in terms of two one-variable functions. One of them is the Airy function, while the other satisfies an ordinary differential equation less familiar than the Airy equation. This construction is part of our on-going quest for compactly supported, gradient-orthonormal wavelets that have some kind of coherence on a given scale.
Highly Efficient Implementation for Parameter Error Identification Method Exploiting Sparsity

Accuracy of the network parameters has a strong influence on the results of power system state estimation. It has been shown earlier that normalized Lagrange multipliers can be used as a systematic way for identifying errors in network parameters. However, this approach carries a rather heavy computational burden limiting its practical utilization to small-size systems. In this paper, a computationally efficient algorithm is proposed to address this limitation. The idea is to derive and compute only the necessary subset of the gain matrix and covariance matrix, thus avoiding the computation and storage of large dense matrices. The proposed efficient procedure can be applied either to the single-scan or multiple-scan schemes with equal ease. Test results confirm that the improvements in computational speed and memory requirements brought by the proposed algorithm are quite remarkable. The proposed implementation of the normalized Lagrange multipliers method is tested using a large utility power system. The effectiveness and limitations of the single-scan scheme, and the improvements brought by incorporating multiple measurement scans, are discussed in detail.
Measurement of the 240Pu/239Pu mass ratio using a transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter for total decay energy spectroscopy.

We have developed a new category of sensor for measurement of the 240Pu/239Pu mass ratio from aqueous solution samples with advantages over existing methods. Aqueous solution plutonium samples were evaporated and encapsulated inside of a gold foil absorber, and a superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter detector was used to measure the total reaction energy (Q-value) of nuclear decays via heat generated when the energy is thermalized. Since all of the decay energy is contained in the absorber, we measure a single spectral peak for each isotope, resulting in a simple spectral analysis problem with minimal peak overlap. We found that mechanical kneading of the absorber dramatically improves spectral quality by reducing the size of radioactive inclusions within the absorber to scales below 50 nm such that decay products primarily interact with atoms of the host material. Due to the low noise performance of the microcalorimeter detector, energy resolution values of 1 keV fwhm (full width at hal...
Inference after truncated one-sided sequential test

ABSTRACTAssume i.i.d. random variables {X1, …, Xn, …} follow the standard exponential family {dFθ(x) = exp(θx − c(θ))dF0(x)}. For the one-sided hypothesis test H0: θ = θ0 0 where c(θ0) = c(θ1), the truncated sequential probability ratio test stops at min (τ, T) where , and H0 is rejected if τ < T. Inference problems based on asymptotic pivots are considered given τ < T by assuming T/b → finite constant larger than 1/c′(θ1).
Revision of the family Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 with the proposal of two new subfamilies and the description of a new species of Morishitium Witenberg, 1928 from the common snipe, Gallinago gallinago , from Texas, U.S.A.

Based on the definition of 6 basic body types in the group, the family Cyclocoelidae is revised with the erection of Skrjabinocoelinae n. subf. and Szidatitreminae n. subf., and the resurrection of the subfamily Hyptiasminae. Subfamily keys and keys to genera that accommodate the original 3 subfamilies (Cyclocoelinae, Ophthalmophaginae, and Haematotrephinae), the 3 additional subfamilies proposed, the 6 body types used in the revision, and the recently described genus Selfcoelum are provided. Morishitium texanense n. sp. is described from the common snipe, Gallinago gallinago, in Texas, U.S.A., the genus Neoallopyge is synonymized with Allopyge, and the genus Neohyptiasmus is synonymized with Morishitium.
A new application of ultrasound imaging to characterize tissue properties and blood flow in myofascial pain syndromes

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common, yet poorly understood, acute and chronic pain condition. MPS is characterized by local and referred pain associated with hyperirritable nodules known as myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) that are stiff, localized spots of exquisite tenderness in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle. Our objective was to evaluate ultrasonic methods for imaging MTrPs and surrounding soft tissue. We recruited 16 subjects with acute neck pain. Based on physical examination, four sites in each patient were labeled as active MTrP (spontaneously-painful), latent MTrP (non-painful), or palpably normal. At these sites, we performed conventional B-mode and Doppler imaging; and vibration sonoelastography (VSE) by inducing vibrations (∼100Hz) with a handheld vibrator. Raw RF data were acquired for offline processing. Qualitatively, three observers scored the B-mode and VSE images on a 5-point scale based on the presence and number of nodules, and the Doppler velocity spectra on a 5-point scale based on waveform morphology. Quantitatively, we estimated the spectral parameters, midband fit, zero-frequency intercept and slope, from calibrated RF spectra, and Doppler waveform parameters from spectral envelope tracings. MTrPs appeared as focal, hypoechoic nodules, and as focal regions of reduced vibration amplitude on VSE. Sites with MTrPs on physical exam were more likely to have one or more hypoechoic and/or stiffer nodules on imaging compared to normal muscle (p<0.05). Arteries near MTrPs had different flow waveform morphology with retrograde diastolic flow (p<0.02). Based on quantitative measures, MTrPs were distinct from normal muscle and active MTrPs could be differentiated from latent ones (p<0.04). With further refinement, these methods could lead to objective diagnostic criteria and clinical outcome measures for MTrPs.
Cognitive-Behavioral Management of Obesity

Obesity is a highly treatment-resistant condition, affecting 35 % of the adult population and increasing the risks for hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some cancers. This chapter provides an overview of cognitive-behavioral strategies for weight management, as well as tools for treating binge and emotional eating. As obesity is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, the importance of a thorough initial assessment is discussed. The goal of cognitive-behavioral interventions is to normalize and regulate eating behaviors, address body image issues, and improve overall health by facilitating behavior change. Specific treatment concerns based on demographics and comorbid medical conditions are also discussed and a case example is presented to illustrate the techniques described.
6.17 Polonovski- and Pummerer-type Reactions and the Nef Reaction

The Polonovski, Pummerer, and Nef reactions have found wide application, and considerable effort has been invested in expanding the scope and selectivity of these reactions. Each of these reactions formally transfers the oxidation of a heteroatom to an adjacent carbon atom, and new methods seek to facilitate the formation of reactive intermediates or to divert the reactive intermediates toward new reaction paths. This chapter details the mechanisms, including stereo- and regiochemistry where appropriate and significant advances have expanded the utility of each reaction. Examples where alternative products were isolated, such as those resulting from Grob-type fragmentation or molecular rearrangements, are provided as well.
073_16944-L4 Collateral Injury of the Conduction System During Interventricular Septal Substrate Modification In Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Impact on Long-term Outcomes

Catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and septal substrate can be challenging due to the complexity of the underlying substrate, the frequent intramural location, and the proximity to the conduction system. We sought to investigate
Is Genetic Evolution Predictable

How often does evolution repeat itself? When the same evolutionary strategy arises multiple times, how often are these strategies built on the same genetic foundations? Addressing this question allows us to understand the relative roles of constraint and contingency in the history of life, but (
Transcending Trade and . . . An Institutional Perspective

This article adopts an institutionalist perspective on the trade and . . . problem, viewing the trade and . . . problem not primarily as a substantive problem, or set of substantive problems, but as an institutional problem. It is a problem of matching appropriate institutions to substantive problems. This institutional perspective recognizes that states have a variety of reasons for seeking to influence regulation in other states. Trade is by no means the sole, or even necessarily the leading, reason. However, this desire for influence encounters the institutional structure of the international system, in which states have limited means to influence the regulation of other states. Thus, this article first sees the trade and . . . problem as a problem of horizontal allocation of authority between states. It describes a law and economics-based approach to horizontal allocation of authority in order to suggest a variety of institutional structures that are available to address this phase of the institutional trade and . . . problem. Often trade and . . . problems are thought of as issues of subsidiarity, seeking to divide authority along a vertical axis. This article suggests how the horizontal allocation of authority relates to vertical allocation of authority, showing what considerations may lead to vertical or organizational solutions to the problem of horizontal allocation of authority, and showing how organizational solutions may respond to concerns regarding regulatory competition. Often, the trade and . . . problem presents itself along this axis, as a problem of conflict between domestic law and international law. However, it is also possible for the trade and . . . problem to arise as a conflict between international trade law and international law arising in other functional areas, such as the environment. Where there are two or more international institutions competing for authority, or seeking to share authority, a different horizontal problem of allocation of authority arises: horizontal at an elevated vertical level. And indeed, a leading issue in the trade and . . . field relates to the problem of choice of law and choice of forum on this rarefied horizontal plane.
Personale Merkmale der Gefühle

Eine personalistische Psychologie des Gefuhlslebens muss von der Frage ausgehen, an welcher Stelle innerhalb der Gesamtstruktur des personalen Daseins die Gefuhle ihren Platz haben. Die Antwort lautet: die Gefuhle bilden den Bereich des eingebetteten und darum personnahen Erlebens.
Subfield-specific tractography of the hippocampus in epilepsy patients at 7 Tesla.

Abstract Purpose MRI-negative epilepsy patients could benefit from advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). Our aim was to perform hippocampal subfield-specific tractography and quantify connectivity of the subfields in MRI-negative patients. Abnormal connectivity of the hippocampal subfields may help inform seizure focus hypothesis and provide information to guide surgical intervention. Methods Hippocampal structural imaging and dMRI was acquired in 25 drug resistant MRI-negative patients and 25 healthy volunteers. The hippocampi of each subject was segmented on high-resolution structural images and dMRI-based probabilistic tractography was performed in each subfield. The degrees of connectivity and fiber densities of the hippocampal subfields were quantified and compared between epilepsy patients and healthy volunteers. Results We were able to perform subfield-specific hippocampal tractography in each subject that participated in this study. These methods identified some hippocampal subfields that are abnormally connected in MRI-negative patients. In particular patients suspected of left temporal seizure focus exhibited increased connectivity of certain ipsilateral subfields, especially the subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum, and reduced connectivity of some contralateral subfields, such as CA1 and subiculum. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hippocampal subfields are connected in distinct ways in different types of epilepsy. These results may provide important information that could help inform seizure focus hypothesis and in the surgical treatment of MRI-negative patients. These observations suggest that high-resolution dMRI-based tractography of the hippocampal subfields can detect subtle abnormalities in otherwise normal-appearing MRI-negative patients.
Transaction Processing on Modern Hardware

Abstract The last decade has brought groundbreaking developments in transaction processing. This resurgence of an otherwise mature research area has spurred from the diminishing cost per GB of DRAM...
Cybermourning Frames and Collective Memory: Remembering Comedian Robin Williams on Legacy.com

Cyberspace, which has a plethora of online memorials and obituary sites with guest books such as Legacy.com, has become an open forum for public expression of grief, commonly called cybermourning. Our framing analysis of 1,114 condolences that were posted on Legacy.com immediately following the announcement of the tragic suicide of comedian and actor Robin Williams on August 11, 2014 reveals fans negotiating the healing process through cybermourning. Three themes emerged from the cyber condolences -- loss, appreciation, and a new beginning. Analysis of the themes revealed three frames -- relationship, redemption, and release -- used by cybermourners to make sense of and give meaning to Williams’ death. The themes and frames in this first research project on Legacy.com supports previous research findings that cybermourning has become a new avenue to facilitate the grieving and healing process. They also suggest a bottoms-up approach to collective memory that incorporates memories of ordinary individuals, which would be different than the top-down approach filtered through journalists whose obituaries and news stories about a celebrity’s death have helped guide collective memory.
The Need for Strict and Defined Cyberbullying Laws

The American legal system has struggled not only to implement laws regarding cyberbullying, but also to clearly define it and its differences from cyber harassment and cyber stalking. Often, cyberbullying, cyberharassment and cyberstalking overlap, which also created a problem with writing statutes that include all of this material. There is an evident need with the ever increasing cyberbullying issues arising across the nation for the establishment of distinct laws to deter these actions from occurring and severely punish them when they do.
A Challenging Case of Lemierre's Syndrome With Central Nervous System Involvement and a Comprehensive Review.

Lemierre’s syndrome (LS) is a complex medical condition that is characterized by an acute oropharyngeal infection leading to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and an eventual metastatic spread to distant vital organs. This metastatic spread is from septic emboli and is most frequently seen in the lungs, kidneys, and large joints. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in LS is extremely rare, and only a few cases of CNS involvement have been reported in the literature. For all cases of LS, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, yet due to the rarity of CNS complications in LS, diagnostic patterns and treatment algorithms are not fully understood for this subset of presentations. In this report, we present a case of 19-year-old immune-competent female who presented with a Fusobacterium oropharyngeal infection that was complicated by suppurative sinusitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and an abducens nerve palsy. Our patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticoagulation, and multiple surgical interventions. This case highlights the importance of an early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach in managing LS to minimize the mortality and long-term morbidity of this relatively rare and complicated multisystem disease.
Testing the mastery-avoidance construct in achievement goal theory: a meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis (MA-CFA) of two achievement goals scales

Achievement goal theory is a popular theoretical framework that has been widely used to understand the goals students hold regarding their academic work. This theoretical model has been subject to ...
Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease presenting as palindromic rheumatism.

Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease, is a rare proliferative and inflammatory disorder of non-Langerhans cell histiocytes. We report a 35-year-old woman, who originally presented with recurrent episodes of lower extremity joint/bone pain and chronic nasal stuffiness and congestion. Her worsening nasal congestion was due to an obstructing nasal cavity lesion which was subsequently biopsied. Pathology was consistent with RDD. 18F-FDG PET images demonstrated intense uptake in the paranasal sinuses and a large pelvic lymph node. Focal osseous lesions with intense 18F-FDG uptake were also observed in the lower extremity, corresponding to areas of peri-articular pain. Rheumatologic work-up was consistent with palindromic rheumatism. She was diagnosed with immune-related disseminated RDD, presenting as palindromic rheumatism. This is the first case of RDD presenting as palindromic rheumatism. RDD should be considered as a possible but rare diagnosis in young patients with sinus-related symptoms and lymphadenopathy. The disease can on rare occasions be disseminated and can also present as immune-related RDD, such as in this patient.
Hospitality and Tourism Student Engagement and Hope During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Taking the perspective of positive education, this study aims to examine the state of hospitality and tourism students’ hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also investigates the role of academic program engagement efforts in imparting students’ hope, their academic satisfaction, and loyalty intention to remain in hospitality and tourism as a major and career. The results show that student’s engagement experience is positive despite the crisis. Engagement activities, especially from faculty and the overall campus environment, significantly instilled hope among students. Hope and academic satisfaction were two powerful predictors for student’s major and career loyalty. The study results not only provide a timely snapshot on hospitality and tourism students’ engagement experience, academic satisfaction, and loyalty intention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also offers a hope-centered framework to guide academic programs on their engagement and student success efforts going forward.
Lidocaine for postoperative pain after cardiac surgery: a systematic review

Lidocaine is one of the most widely used local anesthetics with well-known pharmacological properties. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of lidocaine on postoperative pain scores and recovery after cardiac surgery. A comprehensive database search was conducted by a reference librarian for randomized clinical trials (RCT) from January 1, 1980 to September 1, 2019. Eligible study designs included randomized controlled trials of lidocaine for postoperative pain management in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. After removal of duplicates, 947 records were screened for eligibility and 3 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Sources of bias were identified in 2 of 3 RCTs. Lidocaine was administered intravenously, topically, and intrapleurally. Key findings included [1] 2% lidocaine placed topically on chest tube prior to intraoperative insertion was associated with significantly lower pain scores and lower cumulative doses of fentanyl; and [2] 2% lidocaine administered intrapleurally was associated with significantly lower pain scores and significant improvements in pulmonary mechanics. Lidocaine infusions were not associated with significant changes in pain scores or measures of recovery. No significant associations were observed between lidocaine and overall mortality, hospital length of stay or ICU length of stay. No data were reported for postoperative nausea and vomiting or arrhythmias. Due to the favorable risk profile of topical lidocaine and the need for further advancements in the postoperative care of adults after cardiac surgery, topically administered lidocaine could be considered for incorporation into established postoperative recovery protocols.
Minority Stress, Structural Stigma, and Physical Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals: Examining the Relative Strength of the Relationships.

Background Sexual and gender minority (SGM; i.e., non-heterosexual and transgender or gender-expansive, respectively) people experience physical health disparities attributed to greater exposure to minority stress (experiences of discrimination or victimization, anticipation of discrimination or victimization, concealment of SGM status, and internalization of stigma) and structural stigma. Purpose To examine which components of minority stress and structural stigma have the strongest relationships with physical health among SGM people. Methods Participants (5,299 SGM people, 1,902 gender minority individuals) were from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Dominance analyses estimated effect sizes showing how important each component of minority stress and structural stigma was to physical health outcomes. Results Among cisgender sexual minority women, transmasculine individuals, American Indian or Alaskan Native SGM individuals, Asian SGM individuals, and White SGM individuals a safe current environment for SGM people had the strongest relationship with physical health. For gender-expansive individuals and Black, African American, or African SGM individuals, the safety of the environment for SGM people in which they were raised had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among transfeminine individuals, victimization experiences had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish individuals, accepting current environments had the strongest relationship with physical health. Among cisgender sexual minority men prejudice/discrimination experiences had the strongest relationship with physical health. Conclusion Safe community environments had the strongest relationships with physical health among most groups of SGM people. Increasing safety and buffering the effects of unsafe communities are important for SGM health.
Global Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Cylindrical Keplerian Disks

This paper presents a series of global three-dimensional accretion disk simulations carried out in the cylindrical limit in which the vertical component of the gravitational field is neglected. The simulations use a cylindrical pseudo-Newtonian potential, ∝1/(R - Rg), to model the main dynamical properties of the Schwarzschild metric. The radial grid domain runs out to 60Rg to minimize the influence of the outer boundary on the inner disk evolution. The disks are initially constant density with a Keplerian angular momentum distribution and contain a weak toroidal or vertical field that serves as the seed for the magnetorotational instability. These simulations reaffirm many of the conclusions of previous local simulations. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) grows rapidly and produces MHD turbulence with a significant Maxwell stress that drives accretion. Tightly wrapped low-m spiral waves are prominent. In some simulations radial variations in Maxwell stress concentrate gas into rings, creating substantial spatial inhomogeneities. As in previous global simulations, there is a nonzero stress at the marginally stable orbit. The stress is smaller than seen in stratified torus simulations but nevertheless produces a small decline in specific angular momentum inside the last stable orbit. Detailed comparisons between simulations are used to examine the effects of various choices in computational setup. Because the driving instability is local, a reduction in the azimuthal computational domain to some fraction of 2π does not create large qualitative differences. Similarly, the choice of either an isothermal or adiabatic equation of state has little impact on the initial evolution. Simulations that begin with vertical fields have greater field amplification and higher ratios of stress to magnetic pressure compared with those beginning with toroidal fields. In contrast to MHD, hydrodynamics alone neither creates nor sustains turbulence.
Residents' Perceptions of Faculty Behaviors and Resident Burnout: a Cross-Sectional Survey Study Across a Large Health Care Organization.

Data suggests the learning environment factors influence resident well-being. The authors conducted an assessment of how residents’ perceptions of faculty-resident relationships, faculty professional behaviors, and afforded autonomy related to resident burnout. All residents at one organization were surveyed in 2019 using two items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the faculty relationship subscale of the Johns Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES, range 6 to 30). Residents were also asked about faculty professional behaviors (range 0 to 30), and satisfaction with autonomy across various clinical settings. A total of 762/1146 (66.5%) residents responded to the survey. After adjusting for age, gender, postgraduate year, and specialty, lower (less favorable) JHLES-faculty relationship subscale score (parameter estimate, − 3.08, 95% CI − 3.75, − 2.41, p < 0.0001), fewer observed faculty professional behaviors (parameter estimate, − 3.34, 95% CI − 4.02, − 2.67, p < 0.0001), and lower odds of satisfaction with autonomy in the intensive care settings (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30, 0.70, p = 0.001), but not other care settings, were reported by residents with burnout in comparison to those without. Similar relationships were observed when emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were analyzed separately as continuous variables. In this cohort, resident perceptions of faculty relationships, faculty professional behaviors, and satisfaction with autonomy in the intensive care unit were associated with resident burnout. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the direction of these relationships and determine if faculty development can reduce resident burnout.
On the Sensitivity of Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Gravity Model Parameters

This paper presents a procedure for estimating small changes in maximum-likelihood estimates of gravitv model parameters in response to small changes in base period data. The procedure can be used to derive covariance matrices for such parameter estimates from which confidence intervals may be obtained and which may be used for tests of hypotheses. Also the procedure extends a similar procedure for estimating sensitivities, etc., of gravity model forecasts. While this type of problem has been addressed by others, our approach is the only one that is applicable for the large numbers of origin and destination zones one typically encounters.
Regulation of the in vitro anamnestic antibody response by cyclic AMP. II. Antigen-dependent enhancement by exogenous prostaglandins of the E series.

Abstract Keyhole limpet hemocyanin was injected into the hind foot pads of rabbits. Six days later popliteal lymph node cell populations were prepared and induced in vitro with various amounts of KLH to produce an anamnestic antibody response. Previously it was observed that cholera enterotoxin which stimulates adenylate cyclase, or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, added for 0 to 24 hr to these cultures with 1 μg or more of KLH, enhanced antibody synthesis many-fold. In the current experiments these observations were confirmed. Moreover, the addition of optimal concentrations of prostaglandins E1 and E2—but not prostaglandin F1α—with 1 μg or more of KLH for 0 to 24 hr enhanced the ensuing antibody response two- to six-fold. When KLH was added for 0 to 24 hr and PGE1 or PGE2 for 72 to 120 hr, the antibody response was inhibited. Enhancement of antibody production required that the KLH-primed LNC first be exposed to KLH (1 to 100 μg) before addition of these PG's. The PG mediated elevation of antibody synthesis was Ca2+-dependent, whereas the induction of antibody synthesis by KLH was not. The LNC were fractionated on nylon fiber columns. The effluent cells—which consisted of approximately equal numbers of Ig+ (B) and Ig− (T) lymphocytes—were induced to produce antibody to the same extent as the unfractionated LNC. However, in contrast to the unfractionated cells, the antibody response of the effluent LNC was not enhanced by added PG. Elevation of the anamnestic antibody synthesis by PG showed the same requirements and specificity as regulation by CT and DbcAMP. Moreover, the magnitude of elevation of antibody synthesis by these different agents was approximately equal. Therefore, it was postulated that these three types of molecules modulate the antibody response via a common pathway involving cyclic AMP. A model is proposed in which KLH elevates cyclic AMP levels in a KLH-regulatory cell population causing production of soluble regulatory factor(s) which then enhance the antibody response by antigen induced T helper and /or B LNC. An antigen-induced elevation of PG may be required for the increase in cAMP, but the increase in cAMP is the crucial regulatory step.
Estrogens in the peripheral plasma of cows during normal and prolonged gestations.

Abstract Estimations were made of the concentrations of estrone and estradiol in the jugular vein plasma of Holstein cows during term and through postterm pregnancies. The analytical procedure consisted of hydrolysis, separation of estrogens from interfering chromogens and fluorescent materials in the extract by means of ascending paper chromatography, further partitioning by means of column chromatography, and estimation of estrone and estradiol in the eluted fractions by fluorimetry. In two of the cows destined to have prolonged pregnancies, the midpregnancy level of estrone plus estradiol was measurably greater than the levels during term pregnancy, and in two prolonged gestations peak plasma concentrations were measured at 25 to 40 days prior to calculated term, after which there was a steep decline. This contrasts with the general finding in term pregnancies of peak concentrations at term. These findings are considered in relation to the normal decline in progesterone at term and a sustained level of progesterone during prolonged gestation and are discussed in relation to the endocrine factors which may be operative at parturition.
Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. Purification and some properties.

Abstract A method of purification of a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from chick intestinal mucosa is described. The purification procedure involved the use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and preparative disc electrophoresis. The assay system for calcium-binding protein is based upon the competition between calcium-binding protein and an ion exchange resin for added 45Ca. An equation linearly relating binding protein concentration to binding activity is given. Sedimentation velocity and gel filtration behavior indicated that the product was homogeneous with respect to size. Two acrylamide gel systems gave single bands, whereas a third showed the presence of a possible degradation product in addition to calcium-binding protein. The molecular weight of calcium-binding protein was found to be about 2.8 x 104 by calibrated gel filtration and about 2.5 x 104 by equilibrium sedimentation (assumed partial specific volume = 0.72). The formation constants between calcium-binding protein and calcium, strontium, and barium were 2.6 x 105 m-1, 3.9 x 104 m-1, and 5.8 x 103 m-1, respectively, and it appears that 1 mole of protein binds 1 atom of calcium. Preliminary analysis of the composition of the protein is reported.
Combining generative and discriminative models for semantic segmentation of CT scans via active learning

This paper presents a new supervised learning framework for the efficient recognition and segmentation of anatomical structures in 3D computed tomography (CT), with as little training data as possible. Training supervised classifiers to recognize organs within CT scans requires a large number of manually delineated exemplar 3D images, which are very expensive to obtain. In this study, we borrow ideas from the field of active learning to optimally select a minimum subset of such images that yields accurate anatomy segmentation. The main contribution of this work is in designing a combined generative-discriminative model which: i) drives optimal selection of training data; and ii) increases segmentation accuracy. The optimal training set is constructed by finding unlabeled scans which maximize the disagreement between our two complementary probabilistic models, as measured by a modified version of the Jensen-Shannon divergence. Our algorithm is assessed on a database of 196 labeled clinical CT scans with high variability in resolution, anatomy, pathologies, etc. Quantitative evaluation shows that, compared with randomly selecting the scans to annotate, our method decreases the number of training images by up to 45%. Moreover, our generative model of body shape substantially increases segmentation accuracy when compared to either using the discriminative model alone or a generic smoothness prior (e.g. via a Markov Random Field).
Assessment of a magnet system combining the advantages of cable-in conduit forced-flow and pool-boiling magnets

This paper presents an idea for a magnet system that could be used to advantage in tokamaks and other fusion engineering devices. Higher performance designs, specifically newer tokamaks such as those for the International Thermonuclear Engineering Reactor (ITER) and Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX), use cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) forced-flow coils to meet field and current-density requirements. Pool-boiling magnets have limited structural integrity because helium cooling areas must surround each conductor. CICC magnets eliminate these disadvantages by using internal cooling. However, the CICC system introduces other disadvantages, in particular, there may be leaks in the sheath at an inaccessible location. The system proposed here is basically a CICC system, with it's inherent advantages, but bathed in supercritical helium to eliminate the leak and voltage breakdown problems. Schemes to simplify helium-coolant plumbing with the proposed system are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of using supercritical helium in combination with solid electrical insulation in a CICC system are discussed.
Preparation of (S)-tert-ButylPyOx and Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids.

A. (S)-N-(1-Hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)picolinamide (2). A 1 L one-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a 3.0 cm x 1.4 cm, egg-shaped, Teflon-coated magnetic stirring bar is sealed with a septum and connected via needle adapter to a two-tap Schlenk adapter attached to an oil bubbler and a nitrogen/vacuum manifold (Note 1). The flask is dried with a heat gun under vacuum and cooled under a stream of nitrogen. The flask is charged with 2-picolinic acid (1) (6.15 g, 50.0 mmol, 1.00 equiv) (Note 2), evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen three times, then charged with dichloromethane (300 mL, 0.17 M) (Note 3) and N-methylmorpholine (7.59 g, 8.25 mL, 75.0 mmol, 1.50 equiv). The flask is cooled in an ice/water bath and iso-butylchloroformate (6.86 mL, 7.17 g, 52.5 mmol, 1.05 equiv) is added dropwise over 30 min by syringe pump. The reaction mixture is stirred for an additional 30 min while remaining submerged in the ice/water bath. A separate 100 mL one-necked round-bottomed flask is sealed with a septum and connected via needle adapter to the two-tap Schlenk adapter and manifold, dried with a heat gun under vacuum, and allowed to cool under a stream of nitrogen. This flask is charged with (S)-tert-leucinol (6.45 g, 55.0 mmol, 1.10 equiv), dichloromethane (40 mL), and N-methylmorpholine (6.07 mL, 5.56 g, 55.0 mmol, 1.10 equiv). The resulting clear solution is taken up in a syringe and transferred dropwise using a syringe pump over the course of 1 h to the stirring reaction mixture in the ice/water bath. The cooling bath is removed, and the pale gold colored reaction mixture is stirred for an additional 6 h at 23 °C. Upon consumption of starting material (Note 4), the mixture is quenched at ambient temperature with a single addition of an aqueous solution of saturated NH_4Cl (50 mL), diluted with additional H_2O (25 mL), and transferred into a 1 L separatory funnel. The phases are separated, and the aqueous phase is extracted with CH_2Cl_2 (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phases are washed with an aqueous solution of saturated NaHCO_3 (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL). The combined organic phases are dried over Na_2SO_4 (10 g, 15 min while agitating), filtered through a M pore glass frit, and concentrated by rotary evaporation (28 °C, 15 mmHg). Excess N-methylmorpholine is further removed by placing the crude residue under high vacuum (< 12 mmHg, 12 h) to provide a pale red solid (Note 5). The crude residue is dissolved in 10 mL of acetone and purified via silica gel flash chromatography (Note 6). The combined product-containing fractions are concentrated by rotary evaporation (40 °C, 15 mmHg) to yield a solid, which is dried under high vacuum (< 12 mmHg, 12 h) to afford (S)-N-(1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)picolinamide (2) as a white amorphous solid (9.88-9.95 g, 44.4-44.8 mmol, 89-90% yield) (Note 7).
BAMarray™: Java software for Bayesian analysis of variance for microarray data

DNA microarrays open up a new horizon for studying the genetic determinants of disease. The high throughput nature of these arrays creates an enormous wealth of information, but also poses a challenge to data analysis. Inferential problems become even more pronounced as experimental designs used to collect data become more complex. An important example is multigroup data collected over different experimental groups, such as data collected from distinct stages of a disease process. We have developed a method specifically addressing these issues termed Bayesian ANOVA for microarrays (BAM). The BAM approach uses a special inferential regularization known as spike-and-slab shrinkage that provides an optimal balance between total false detections and total false non-detections. This translates into more reproducible differential calls. Spike and slab shrinkage is a form of regularization achieved by using information across all genes and groups simultaneously. BAMarray™ is a graphically oriented Java-based software package that implements the BAM method for detecting differentially expressing genes in multigroup microarray experiments (up to 256 experimental groups can be analyzed). Drop-down menus allow the user to easily select between different models and to choose various run options. BAMarray™ can also be operated in a fully automated mode with preselected run options. Tuning parameters have been preset at theoretically optimal values freeing the user from such specifications. BAMarray™ provides estimates for gene differential effects and automatically estimates data adaptive, optimal cutoff values for classifying genes into biological patterns of differential activity across experimental groups. A graphical suite is a core feature of the product and includes diagnostic plots for assessing model assumptions and interactive plots that enable tracking of prespecified gene lists to study such things as biological pathway perturbations. The user can zoom in and lasso genes of interest that can then be saved for downstream analyses. BAMarray™ is user friendly platform independent software that effectively and efficiently implements the BAM methodology. Classifying patterns of differential activity is greatly facilitated by a data adaptive cutoff rule and a graphical suite. BAMarray™ is licensed software freely available to academic institutions. More information can be found at http://www.bamarray.com .
Keeping it Real: Intentional Inexistents, Fineness‐of‐Grain, and the Dilemma for Extrinsic Higher‐Order Representational Theories

According to the standard argument from targetless higher-order representations, the possibility of such representations presents a dilemma for higher-order theorists. In this article I argue that there are two theoretically well-motivated replies to the standard argument. Consequently, the standard argument against higher-order theories fails. I then go on to argue that while certain versions of higher-order theory can adequately respond to the standard argument, they both, nevertheless, fail to explain the fineness-of-grain that phenomenally conscious experience appears to have.
Control of Arginine Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: Characterization of Arginyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Mutants

Abstract The arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (Arg-tRNA) synthetase (EC 6.1.1.13, arginine: RNA ligase adenosine monophosphate) mutants, exhibiting nonrepressible synthesis of arginine by exogenous arginine, were employed in studies of several biochemical properties. Two of these mutants possessed Arg-tRNA synthetases with a reduced affinity for arginine, and this enzyme of another mutant had a reduced affinity for arginine-tRNA (tRNAarg). The mutant possessing an Arg-tRNA synthetase with an altered Km for tRNAarg was found to have reduced in vivo aminoacylation of two of the five isoaccepting species of tRNAarg and complete absence of aminoacylation of one of the isoaccepting species.
Phenyl substituted dipyrazoles: 1,3‐Dipole addition reactions of sydnones and nitrilimines

A series of phenyl substituted phenylene dipyrazoles has been synthesized by the 1,3-dipole addition reactions of phenylenedisydnone and phenylenedinitrilimines on phenyl acetylene as well as the reactions of phenylsydnone and phenylnitrilimine on diethynyl-benzenes. A preliminary study of solvents for the sydnone reaction has been made.