cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic particle tracking reveals the ageing temperature of a colloidal glass

The glass transition1 is considered to be one of the most fundamental problems in statistical physics. Despite decades of effort, a general consensus on the validity of a universal theory for the large variety of glass systems is lacking2,3—partly because of difficulties encountered in the experimental testing of the theoretical predictions4,5. Here, we present experiments on a colloidal glass made of micrometre-sized particles in a fluid. We investigate the autocorrelation and response function to monitor the ageing of a colloidal glass. At equilibrium, all the observables are stationary, whereas in the out-of-equilibrium glassy state they have an explicit dependence on the age of the system. We find that the transport coefficients scale with the ageing time as a power law, a signature of the slow relaxation. Nevertheless, our analysis reveals that the glassy system has thermalized at a constant temperature independent of the age and warmer than the bath, reflecting the structural rearrangements of cage dynamics. Furthermore, we find a universal scaling law to describe the global and local fluctuations of the observables.
Relation between flame propagation characteristics and hydrocarbon emissions under lean operating conditions in spark-ignition engines

The objective of this work was the investigation of the hydrocarbon emissions of a spark-ignition (SI) engine under very lean operating conditions. A series of experiments has been conducted in which cycles exhibiting high hydrocarbon (HC) emission were analyzed using the fast response flame ionization detector (FID) in conjunction with a recently developed diagnostic, the head gasket ionization probe. It was found that for relative air/fuel ratios (λ) close to 1.4, single-cycle emissions correlate with single-cycle maximum pressure and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), which suggests that around that point postflame oxidation starts becoming less important. For relative air/fuel ratios greater than 1.4, cycles with very high emissions appear. We have divided these partial burns into two types depending on their HC-emission signature profiles and flame propagation characteristics. The first type is a global, slow-burning cycle that does not finish the oxidation of the charge by the time the exhaust valve opens. The second type is a normal burning cycle that exhibits a localized quench phenomenon: although the flame has propagated to the extremities of the cylinder, it has left a region of the charge unburned. The two types of cycles have different IMEP and flame speeds for the same mass fraction of the charge burned, as well as different HC emissions because of the different spatial and temporal location of the partial burn and the varying degrees of postflame oxidation the HC are subjected to.
The Virtual Test Bed As A Tool for Rapid System Engineering

We outline the requirements for a software tool set that supports designers working with dynamic systems in a systems of systems context, then present the features of the Virtual Test Bed that satisfy these requirements.
The clustered and scrambled arrangement of moderately repetitive elements in Drosophila DNA.

Abstract An examination of cloned Drosophila DNA has revealed large clusters of densely spaced, short (≤1 kb), moderately repetitive elements. Different clusters have many of the same repetitive elements, but these elements are arranged differently in each cluster. It is improbable that this clustered arrangement can be detected by conventional reassociation kinetic and electron microscopic techniques, but it can be detected and features of its fine structure can be determined by a two-dimensional version of Southern's blotting technique. The genomic organization of these clustered repetitive elements was investigated by hybridizing restriction fragments of cloned DNA to polytene chromosomes, to filterbound recombinant DNA clones and to Southern blots of total Drosophila DNA. These studies demonstrated that clusters occur in euchromatic regions of the chromosomes and that at least one of the clusters has the same repetitive element organization in cloned and in chromosomal DNA. These studies also demonstrated that copies of the elements from one cluster are scattered in at least 1000 chromosomal regions. These regions appear to have differing concentrations of repetitive DNA, but together they account for a large fraction of Drosophila's moderately repetitive DNA. Aside from indicating the genomic organization of cluster elements, this work has identified cluster elements throughout a 9 kb region neighboring one of the heat shock genes, throughout the intron of the major rDNA repeat and within the apparently transposable element, 412.
Improved localized surface plasmon resonance biosensing sensitivity based on chemically-synthesized gold nanoprisms as plasmonic transducers

Supporting substrate attached gold nanostructures display localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties at the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The LSPR wavelength is very responsive to the refractive index of the surrounding medium, allowing simple label-free biosensing when biomolecules are irreversibly adsorbed onto nanostructures. Herein, we show that chemically synthesized gold nanoprisms with 22 nm average edge lengths are very efficient plasmonic transducers for label-free biosensing. The LSPR properties of gold nanoprisms on silanized glass substrate were investigated and readily influenced by bulk refractive index changes and local changes very close to the sensing surface due to the analyte adsorption. The nanoprisms had a 583 nm/RIU (1.62 eV/RIU) refractive index sensitivity and a 4.9 figure of merit (FOM). In addition, the nanoprism surface was modified with straight chain alkanethiols. The LSPR wavelength (λmax) of chemisorbed nanoprisms on glass was very sensitive to surface modification by straight chain alkanethiols and linearly red-shifted by 2.5 nm with every methylene unit of the alkanethiol chain. Importantly, the biotin functionalized nanoprisms displayed red-shifts in λmax upon streptavidin (SA) binding. The lowest SA concentration was measured to be 50 pM, much lower than gold nanospheres, nanorods, bipyramids, and nanostars.
Characteristics and formation of amino acids and hydroxy acids of the Murchison meteorite.

Eight characteristics of the unique suite of amino acids and hydroxy acids found in the Murchison meteorite can be recognized on the basis of detailed molecular and isotopic analyses. The marked structural correspondence between the alpha-amino acids and alpha-hydroxy acids and the high deuterium/hydrogen ratio argue persuasively for their formation by aqueous phase Strecker reactions in the meteorite parent body from presolar, i.e., interstellar, aldehydes, ketones, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide. The characteristics of the meteoritic suite of amino acids and hydroxy acids are briefly enumerated and discussed with regard to their consonance with this interstellar-parent body formation hypothesis. The hypothesis has interesting implications for the organic composition of both the primitive parent body and the presolar nebula.
Statistical Effects In The Measurement And Characterization Of Smooth Scattering Surfaces

Nature obliges us to use a statistical description of the scattering of light from randomly-rough surfaces. This paper discusses the role of statistical models and fluctuation phenomena in the measurement and characterization of such surfaces using area and profiling techniques.© (1985) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Report: Engaging the Public with Science as it Happens The Current Science & Technology Center at the Museum of Science, Boston

Free-choice learning is a significant contributor to the continued acquisition of scientific knowledge for adults. A majority of the public visits science museums, but these institutions traditionally are not equipped to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific research, nor are they seen as a place to find out the latest information. The Current Science& Technology Center (CS&T) at the Museum of Science, Boston, Massachusetts, is one experiment to change this situation and engage the public with research as it happens. Opened in 2001, CS&T is an evolving entity that seeks to reach visitors, both real and virtual, by offering opportunities for engagement that address a variety of learning styles.
Reorganization in granuloprival cerebellar cultures after transplantation of granule cells and glia. I. Light microscopic and electrophysiological studies.

Granuloprival cerebellar cultures were transplanted after 9 or 16 days in vitro with cerebellar explants that had been exposed to kainic acid. The latter contained granule cells and differentiated glia, elements lacking in granuloprival cultures. Changes induced by transplantation observed by light microscopy included interposition of granule cells among the large cortical neurons of host explants; a reduction of the excess neurites of the Purkinje cell axon collateral system that is characteristic of granuloprival explants; and the appearance of myelinated fibers in previously unmyeli-nated cultures. The most notable electrophysiologic consequence of transplantation was the disappearance of inhibition of cortical spontaneous activity in response to antidromic stimulation of Purkinje cell axons, correlating with the disappearance of excess neurites, and suggesting that Purkinje cell recurrent collateral inhibition was no longer the dominant mode of cortical inhibition. Restoration of missing elements in granuloprival cultures incited development of structural and functional characteristics resembling those of normal cerebellar explants.
Rates of hornblende etching in soils in glacial deposits of the northern Rocky Mountains (Wyoming-Montana, U.S.A.): Influence of climate and characteristics of the parent material

Abstract Hornblende grains in the soil matrix of glacial deposits in the Northern Rocky Mountains etch at rates that depend primarily upon the influences on soil moisture of the climate and the texture of the parent materials. Etching is a logarithmic function of age of the parent material, and etching rates decline rapidly after a period of initial high rates over the first 10–15 ka after deposition. In this study, a comparison of etching rates was made among four chronosequences in the Wind River Range of western Wyoming and the Tobacco Root Range of southwestern Montana which have differences in mean annual precipitation (MAP) and texture of the till parent materials. Using rates calculated for the first 12 ka after deposition, etching is slowest (0.02 μm ka −1 ) in coarse-textured granitic parent materials where the MAP is 25–40 cm. In contrast, etching is faster by an order of magnitude (0.21 μm ka −1 ) where the MAP is 110–150 cm and the parent material is finer textured because ∼ 15% sedimentary rock material has been mixed with the granitic component. Within individual chronosequences, deposits at higher elevations have accelerated etching rates due to higher orographic precipitation or the influence of late-lying snow.
Low field magnetic properties of superconducting Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox single crystals

Abstract Low field characterization of single crystals of Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x using shielding, Meissner, and flux trapping measurements in fields of 0.5 to 40 G are presented. The highest diamagnetic onset temperature observed is 124 K. It is found that the diamagnetic transition is significantly broadened and the onset temperature is strongly suppressed with increasing fields. At low temperatures, the Meissner effect is found to be about 40% of the shielding effect. Within a few degrees of T c ideal superconducting behavior is observed, where the Meissner and shielding effects are equal and pinning effects are neglibile.
ConfChem Conference on Case-Based Studies in Chemical Education: Use of Case Study for the Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Environment

The teaching laboratory setting is conducive to active learning because of its practical nature and longer duration. Case study teaching in science has shown strength in its ability to integrate relevance, student involvement, basic scientific concepts, and science skills. Here we communicate the main points of our experience with developing and implementing a case study for general chemistry laboratory that necessitated experimentation within the framework of the case. First-time students and repeating students found the case study to be favorable, with 67.3% of repeating students indicating a preference for the case study versus the expository format of the same experiment. A principal goal was to determine the feasibility of using a case study teaching in the laboratory setting. Consequently, writing and conducting of the case study was an outcome in itself. Assessment indicates students find the case study relevant and like the incorporation of student choice for analysis of sample. The case study is flexible and potentially applicable to existing qualitative analysis experiments. For each cohort of students within our program, the case is modified for a unique experience.
Effects of ultrasonication on glycerin separation during transesterification of soybean oil

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity ultrasound irradiation and temperature on glycerin separation start time and separation rate during the transesterification of soybean oil. Response surfaces methodology was used to design the experiments. Reaction temperature, ultrasonication level and duration of ultrasonication at three levels were assigned as the control variables. The progressing transesterification reactions were monitored using a low-intensity ultrasound measurement system, which measures the ultrasound time of flight in glycerin as glycerin separates during the reaction. The effects of ultrasonication level, duration of ultrasonication and temperature on glycerin separation start time and separation rate were statistically significant at p p
CD14: Physical Properties and Identification of an Exposed Site That Is Protected by Lipopolysaccharide

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is a 55-kDa serum protein that binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates LPSdependent responses in a variety of cells. Using recombinant sCD14 expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we examined the structural characteristics of sCD14 and sCD14•LPS complexes. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the sCD14 indicate that it contains substantial β-sheet (40%) and a well-defined tertiary structure with the tryptophan residues located in environments with different degrees of hydrophobicity and solvent exposure. The spectra of the sCD14•LPS complex are identical within experimental error to the uncomplexed sCD14. Changes in surface accessibility upon LPS binding were examined using limited proteolysis with endoproteinase Asp-N. This analysis revealed that aspartic acid residues at amino acids 57, 59, and 65 are susceptible to cleavage by Asp-N, while the same residues are protected from proteolytic cleavage in the sCD14•LPS complex. These results suggest that a region including amino acids 57 to 64 is involved in LPS binding by sCD14.
MAKING AND WRITING WORDS: CONSTRUCTIVIST WORD LEARNING IN A SECOND-GRADE CLASSROOM

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of Making and Writing Words (MWW), a variation of the Making Words word study activity by Cunningham and Cunningham (1992), on second-grade students’ word learning. MWW was implemented daily with a group of second-grade students over a five-month period. Results indicated that students who received the MWW treatment made significant gains in decoding ability over a similar group of students receiving a more traditional phonics program.
Magnetic Properties of Isolated Atoms of Cobalt

FERRO-MAGNETISM is one of the most complicated and least explained subjects. This is because in most of the experimental work what are observed are statistical phenomena from which it is difficult to arrive at a knowledge of the elementary mechanism. It was therefore thought interesting to investigate alloys of a small percentage of cobalt with platinum; namely, 10 per cent Co – 90 per cent Pt and 5 per cent Co – 95 per cent Pt, in which the ferro-magnetic cobalt atoms are not generally surrounded by other magnetic atoms, but by non-ferro-magnetic platinum atoms.
Regression models for estimating urban storm-runoff quality and quantity in the United States

Abstract Urban planners and managers need information about the local quantity of precipitation and The quality and quantity of storm runoff if they are to plan adequately for the effects of storm runoff from urban areas. As result of this need, linear regression models were developed for the estimation of storm-runoff loads and volumes from physical, land-use, and climatic characteristics of urban watersheds throughout the United States. Three statistically different regions were delineated, based on mean annual rainfall, to improve linear regression models. One use of these models is to estimate storm-runoff loads and volumes ar gaged and ungaged urban watersheds. The most significant explanatory variables in all linear regression models were total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area. Impervious area, land-use, and mean annual climatic characteristics were also significant explanatory variables in some linear regression models. Models for dissolved solids, total nitrogen, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen were the most accurate models for most areas, whereas models for suspended solids were the least accurate. The most accurate models were those for the more arid western United States, and the least accurate were those for areas that had large quantities of mean annual rainfall.
THE RÔLE OF THE MUCOID POLYSACCHARIDE (HYALURONIC ACID) IN THE VIRULENCE OF GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

1. A quantitative turbidimetric method for the estimation of hyaluronidase activity, based on the ability of the enzyme to decrease the capacity of the polysaccharide to precipitate acidified protein has been developed. Two units of hyaluronidase, by this method, are equivalent to one viscosity-reducing unit. 2. Hyaluronidase added to a phagocytic system containing defibrinated human blood, immune or non-immune, greatly increases the rate of phagocytosis of group A streptococci. Phagocytosis of Type I pneumococci is not affected by hyaluronidase under the same conditions. 3. The bactericidal activity of non-immune blood against group A streptococci is increased by hyaluronidase; the activity of immune blood is, however, somewhat inhibited by the enzyme. Killing of pneumococci is not affected by the presence of the enzyme. 4. Mice can be protected against group A streptococcal infection by frequent treatment with 200 turbidity-reducing units of hyaluronidase; the protective action of the enzyme is removed by heating at 60°C. for 1 hour. Mice infected with Type I pneumococcus and treated with hyaluronidase die somewhat sooner than the untreated controls.
Low- and High-Temperature Tolerance and Acclimation for Chlorenchyma versus Meristem of the Cultivated Cacti Nopalea cochenillifera, Opuntia robusta, and Selenicereus megalanthus

Dividing meristematic cells are thought to be more sensitive to extreme temperatures compared to other tissues, such as chlorenchyma. This was examined for low and high temperatures for three widely cultivated cacti: Nopalea cochenillifera, Opuntia robusta, and Selenicereus megalanthus. Temperature tolerances of chlorenchyma and meristem were based on the cellular uptake of the vital stain neutral red for plants at mean day/night air temperatures of 25/20°C and plants maintained at 10/5°C or 45/40°C to examine temperature acclimation. Meristematic cells tolerated 1.8°C lower low temperatures and 4.0°C higher high temperatures than chlorenchyma cells for the three species at 25/20°C. Both tissue types showed acclimation, with a decrease or increase in temperature tolerated at 10/5°C or 45/40°C, respectively. Meristematic cells were more tolerant of extreme temperatures compared to chlorenchyma, contrary to the prevailing belief, and may reflect an additional strategy for cacti to survive extreme temperatures.
Intel 300 mm fab layout and material handling automation integration learning

As Intel has moved into 300 mm manufacturing, we have identified key fab layout and material handling integration lessons. By incorporating learnings from our first generation facilities, we believe our new fabs are well positioned to provide efficient operations and the cost benefits expected from 300 mm. Now we are exploring the issues faced in enhancing our initial 300 mm factories as well as converting our 200 mm facilities in a cost effective manner. In addition, we have also started to look at a couple of key issues facing process development in the highly automated 300 mm environment: split/merge operations, and ad-hoc processing. Identifying solutions in these areas is important to allow technology to continue at the demanding pace of Moore's law.
Categorization of unprofessional behaviours identified during administration of and remediation after a comprehensive clinical performance examination using a validated professionalism framework.

Background: Unprofessional behaviours by medical students predict future disciplinary outcomes. Comprehensive clinical performance examinations (CPXs) that are commonly employed to evaluate learners may provide an opportunity to identify unprofessional behaviours.Aims: To categorize the professionalism problems that occur during the CPX and subsequent remediation of students who perform poorly.Methods: We interviewed 33 individuals responsible for remediation after the CPX at 33 medical schools. We applied a validated framework for characterizing unprofessional behaviours to the professionalism problems described. We searched transcripts for 119 descriptors representing eight categories of unprofessional behaviour from this framework.Results: Eighteen interviewees identified professionalism as a problem during the examination and subsequent remediation. Unprofessional behaviours reported to occur in order of most to least mentioned, where a diminished capacity for self-improvement, impaired relationships ...
Dilantin digital defects

Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) is a widely used drug with multiple adverse effects, several of them cutaneous. Prenatal exposure to hydantoins may result in a spectrum of structural, developmental, and behavioral changes known as the fetal hydantoin syndrome (FHS). A patient with the dysmorphic characteristics of FHS had unusual hyperpigmentation of several fingernails, a finding which has not been described in other patients with FHS. We propose a mechanism for the dysmorphic action of phenytoin on the developing fetus, consonant with the known effects of hydantoins on collagen metabolism.
On Arranging Elements of a Hierarchy in Graphic Form

Hierarchies are fundamental in the study of many kinds of complex systems. Methods are presented that assist in the development of a hierarchy or a set of hierarchies. Once the element set and the relations among the elements are established, the rationalizing procedure presented allows computer determination of how many separate hierarchies are represented by the relations among the elements. An example of the rationalization process is given. Two methods?the element method and the level method?are given for developing a hierarchy for a connected subordination matrix. Each method is illustrated with an example.
Steam Turbine Overspeed Control and Behavior During System Disturbances

System disturbances involving partial load rejection may cause turbine overspeed control action. To provide information necessary to evaluate power plant transients during such disturbances, this tutorial paper reviews the typical normal overspeed control functions on GE reheat steam turbines with either Electro-Hydraulic Control or Mechanical-Hydraulic Control. Normal overspeed control is related to speed control and the overspeed trip. The characteristic behavior of normal overspeed control is shown for full load rejections and a representative partial load rejection. Enhancement of power plant partial load rejection capability by considering combined turbine-boiler dynamic behavior is discussed.
Characterizing Hospitalizations of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis and Inpatient Utilization of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Therapy

BACKGROUNDIn 2006, there were over 350,000 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving dialysis therapy. Studies have found that hemoglobin concentrations are often low among dialysis patients after hospital discharge, yet little is known about inpatient anemia treatment.OBJECTIVETo characterize hospitalizations among patients with ESRD on dialysis, specifically, inpatient utilization of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy.METHODSA cross-sectional, retrospective study of claims data from 5 commercial health plans for the years 2004–2006 was conducted. Inclusion criteria included 1 or more ESRD-specific International Classification of Diseases Ninth Edition (ICD-9) codes, 3 or more ESRD-specific Current Procedural Terminology/Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (CPT/HCPCS) procedures on different days, or 3 or more dialysis ICD-9 codes or CPT/HCPCS dialysis procedures on separate days. ESRD patient and hospital characteristics were outlined.RESULTSESRD patients were hospitalized...
Unsupervised spoken keyword spotting via segmental DTW on Gaussian posteriorgrams

In this paper, we present an unsupervised learning framework to address the problem of detecting spoken keywords. Without any transcription information, a Gaussian Mixture Model is trained to label speech frames with a Gaussian posteriorgram. Given one or more spoken examples of a keyword, we use segmental dynamic time warping to compare the Gaussian posteriorgrams between keyword samples and test utterances. The keyword detection result is then obtained by ranking the distortion scores of all the test utterances. We examine the TIMIT corpus as a development set to tune the parameters in our system, and the MIT Lecture corpus for more substantial evaluation. The results demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of our unsupervised learning framework on the keyword spotting task.
Introduction to the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division

AbstractThis paper explores the organizational history of the three core discipline areas currently residing within the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division, which are harsh environment instrumentation/sensors/electronics, turbine engine controls and systems dynamics, and aerospace communications technology. Division and selected branch management will be identified by discipline in chronological order. In the second section, current division research areas will be listed by branch. Finally, future progress in the key disciplines is discussed by describing near-term future work and projecting a long-term future state beyond the horizon.
The Effects of Personality Traits on Wages: A Matching Approach

I use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to estimate the effects of adolescent measurements of self-esteem and locus of control on adult wages using propensity score matching. An adolescent possessing high self-esteem will experience between 8.5 and 9.2 per cent higher wages as an adult. This result is statistically significant and robust to the addition of cognitive skill and family background characteristics. When cognitive skill and family background characteristics are controlled for, locus of control as an adolescent is insignificant in explaining adult wages. This result is contrary to findings in the literature.
Renal histology and pregnancy performance in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Previous reports indicate that maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be strongly influenced by the presence of renal disease. As the relationship between renal histology and clinical function in SLE is not consistent, prospective data on the outcones of such pregnancies would aid patient counselling. Fifteen women with SLE had 18 pregnancies subsequent to renal biopsies, performed from 3 months to 8 years prior to conception. Their renal function was evaluated before, during and after pregnancy. Fourteen of 15 patients had evidence of renal involvement, based on by light and electron microscopic sections: 7 had mesangial involvement (WHO Class II); 5 had active focal or diffues glomerulonephritis (Classes III and IV); two had membranous involvement (Class V); 1, no evident disease. Perinatal outcome was similar whether lesions were milder (8 continuing pregnancies, 4 term deliveries) or more severe (6 continuing pregnancies, 3 term deliveries). Cli...
Adaptation of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) to Dental Students

The purpose of this study was to adapt the twenty-six-item Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) developed for medical students for use among dental students and to test the psychometric properties of the modified instrument. The sample consisted of 250 students (an 80.1 percent response rate) in years D1 to D4 at a dental school in Washington, DC. The mean age of participants was 26.6 years with a range from twenty-one to forty-two years. Slightly more than half of the participants were female (52.4 percent) and were African American or of African descent (51.7 percent). Principal components analysis was used to test the psychometric properties of the instrument. The index that resulted measured both positive and negative attitudes toward learning communications skills. The final twenty-four-item scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.87), and the study obtained four important factors—Learning, Importance, Quality, and Success—that explained a significant portion of the variance (49.1 percent). Stratified analysis by demographic variables suggested that there may be gender and ethnic dif ferences in the students' attitudes towards learning communication skills. The authors conclude that the CSAS modified for dental students, or DCSAS, is a useful tool to assess attitudes towards learning communication skills among dental students.
Theoretical approach to the Q-e scheme. Ethylene based Q-e values in the FUKUI-FURUKAWA theory

A recent theory by KAWABATA, TSURUTA, and FURUKAWA makes it possible to correlate Q-e values, obtained using styrene as the reference monomer with conjugation stabilization energies calculated from the LCAO-MO method using ethylene as the reference. This theory has been re-examined in light of recently obtained Q-e values based on ethylene. While the agreement between theory and experiment for ethylene-based e values is only fair and indicates the need for further experimentation, quite good agreement is obtained for ethylene-based Q values. The advantages inherent in the use of a scheme based solely on the ethylene monomer and radical are discussed. Eine kurzlich erschienene Theorie von KAWABATA, TSURUTA und FURUKAWA ermoglicht den Vergleich der auf Styrol bezogenen Q-e-Copolymerisationsparameter mit den Konjugationsstabilisierungsenergien, berechnet nach der LCAO-MO-Methode, wobei Athylen als Bezugsparameter gewahlt wurde. Diese Theorie wird an Hand neuerer, auf Athylen basierender Q-e-Werte nachgepruft. Wahrend die Ubereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment der auf Athylen basierenden e-Werte nur masig ist und weitere Untersuchungen notwendig macht, werden die auf Athylen basierenden Q-Werte von der Theorie besser erfast. Es werden die Vorteile diskutiert, die bei einem Schema auftreten, das sich nur auf Athylen als Monomer und Radikal bezieht.
Effective Noether irreducibility forms and applications

Using recent absolute irreducibility testing algorithms, we derive new irreducibility forms. These are integer polynomials in variables which are the generic coefficients of a multivariate polynomial of a given degree. A (multivariate) polynomial over a specific field is said to be absolutely irreducible if it is irreducible over the algebraic closure of its coefficient field. A specific polynomial of a certain degree is absolutely irreducible, if and only if all the corresponding irreducibility forms vanish when evaluated at the coefficients of the specific polynomial. Our forms have much smaller degrees and coefficients than the forms derived originally by Emmy Noether. We can also apply our estimates to derive more effective versions of irreducibility theorems by Ostrowski and Deuring and of the Hilbert irreducibility theorem. We also give an effective estimate on the diameter of the neighborhood of an absolutely irreducible polynomial with respect to the coefficient space in which absolute irreducibility is preserved. Furthermore, we can apply the effective estimates to derive several factorization results in parallel computational complexity theory: we show how to compute arbitrary high precision approximations of the complex factors of a multivariate integral polynomial and how to count the number of absolutely irreducible factors of a multivariate polynomial with coefficients in a rational function field, both in the complexity class NC. The factorization results also extend to the case where the coefficient field is a function field.
Local helioseismology using ring diagram analysis

Ring diagram analysis is an extension of global helioseismology that is applied to small areas on the Sun. It can be used to infer the horizontal components of large scale flows as well as the structure, and variations thereof, in the outer convection zone. We describe below the ring-diagram analysis technique, and some results obtained using this technique. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Similarities in Problem Solving Strategies

This is an exposition of a previous paper by Prof. Y. Takahara and its interpretation in the general theory of problem solving. A strategy is defined to be a functor from the category of problems to the category of solutions. Two strategies are considered similar if there is a natural transformation on one into the other.
Coverage in sensor networks via persistent homology

We introduce a topological approach to a problem of covering a region in Euclidean space by balls of fixed radius at unknown locations (this problem being motivated by sensor networks with minimal sensing capabilities). In particular, we give a homological criterion to rigorously guarantee that a collection of balls covers a bounded domain based on the homology of a certain simplicial pair. This pair of (Vietoris‐Rips) complexes is derived from graphs representing a coarse form of distance estimation between nodes and a proximity sensor for the boundary of the domain. The methods we introduce come from persistent homology theory and are applicable to nonlocalized sensor networks with ad hoc wireless communications. 55M25, 93A15; 55N35
Abnormalities of sexual differentiation in campomelic dwarfs

A case of campomelic dwarfism and abnormalities of the external genitalia in a male infant is reported and the sexual characteristics of all reported infants with this syndrome are reviewed.
Enduring Conviction: Fred Korematsu and His Quest for Justice (Contents Page, Preface, and Prologue)

In Enduring Conviction, Lorraine Bannai tells the story of Fred Korematsu, a 22-year-old welder in Oakland, California, who challenged military orders that culminated in the incarceration of over 110,000 Japanese Americans during World War II. In 1944, the Supreme Court, in one of its most infamous decisions, affirmed his conviction, accepting the government’s claim that its actions were justified by military necessity. Forty year later, Mr. Korematsu reopened his case and challenged his conviction on proof that the government suppressed, altered, and destroyed material evidence that refuted its claim of military necessity; the wartime incarceration was based, he argued, not on any threat of sabotage, but instead on race prejudice. After gaining the vacation of his conviction, Mr. Korematsu went on to travel the country to speak about his case. For his work and what he came to symbolize, President Clinton awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998. Setting Mr. Korematsu’s extraordinary life in the context of a social, political, and legal history of Japanese Americans, the book illuminates not only his decision to resist and his ultimate vindication, but also this community’s struggle to overcome discrimination rooted in ignorance and fear and to obtain redress for the wrong inflicted upon it. It further explores ways in which the wartime incarceration and Korematsu case have had disturbing continued relevance as the country continues to grapple with issues of race, stereotyping, and the extent to which it must sacrifice civil liberties in the name of national security. The book draws on archival research, including Mr. Korematsu’s wartime letters; interviews of those who knew him; and the author’s work on the legal team that represented Mr. Korematsu in reopening his case.
Human Factors Research Recommendations for the Development of Design Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information Systems

This paper describes the outcome of a comprehensive literature review specifically conducted to assess research relevant to the design of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) for automotive and commercial vehicle use. The goal of the literature review was to identify existing human factors guidelines applicable to the design of ATIS and gaps in the research precluding the development of comprehensive human factors guidelines for ATIS applications. A summary of ATIS research findings and research gaps is presented. Through presentation of both research findings and research gaps, it is hoped that interest will be sparked and focus will be provided for researchers in this growing application of human factors. Given the criticality of ATIS applications (both in terms of driver safety and public acceptance) and the visibility that will be provided to the human factors community from participation in ATIS design, human factors research leading to comprehensive and usable guidelines is extremely important.
Alcohol, task difficulty, and incentives in drill press operation

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia Four levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), eight levels of task difficulty, and two incentive conditions were examin...
Response of bulk polymer under motion with constant stretch histories

In the investigation of non-Newtonian viscosity of polymeric materials both in solution and in melt, most experiments have been conducted under shearing flow, i. e., the velocity gradient of flow is perpendicular to the flow direction. One may consider other classes of flow, such as uniform flow, in that the velocity gradients of the flow are parallel to the flow direction. Uniform flow may include simple extensional flow, strip biaxial (pure shear) extensional flow and equal or nonequal biaxial extensional flow. It was reported by Ballman (1) that there is a large difference between viscosities in shear and simple extensional flow, thus it is pertinent to investigate the other kinds of uniform flow such as strip biaxial extensional flow.
Ecophysiology of exotic and native shrubs in Southern Wisconsin : II. Annual growth and carbon gain.

In this study we compared the aboveground growth rates of two exotic shrubs (Rhamnus cathartica and Lonicera X bella) and two native shrubs (Cornus racemosa and Prunus serotina) that are important in southern Wisconsin hardwood forests. For all species except P. serotina, aboveground growth rates in an open habitat were greater than in an understory environment. Growth rates differed among species in the open habitat and were significantly correlated with woody production per unit leaf area. All species had greater leaf area per unit wood biomass in the understory than in the open habitat. A comparison of above-ground growth and annual carbon gain suggests much greater respiratory costs in the open habitat, especially for P. serotina. The data from this study were used to examine mechanisms of species response to different light availabilities. We found that the species that increased their production per unit leaf area in response to increased light did not increase their leaf area per unit wood biomass in response to low light, and vice versa. Production of proportionately high leaf area may be important for the growth of C. racemosa in low light.
Study on hydrocarbon accumulation for s_(2+3) reservoirs in the western slope area of Songliao Basin

The relationship between hydrocarbon migration path and accumulation is studied to understand oil and gas distribution in s2+3 reservoirs in the western slope area of Songliao Basin. Hydrocarbon migration path has been studied through the distributions of sand pores,faults and structures. 4 major migration paths are recognized in the study area. The first path is from Qijia Depression to Fulaerji via Taikang. The second is from Gulong Depression to Erzhan and Alaxin via Baiyinnuole. The third is from Gulong Depression to Fulaerji via Baiyinnuole. The fourth is from Gulong Depression to Tailai via Bayanchagan. Oil and gas distribution in s2+3 reservoirs obviously subject to migration path,mainly distributing on or near the 4 migration paths. The larger the volume of hydrocarbon migration is,the more abundant the accumulation is.
Imaging and treatment of B-cell lymphoma

Ten patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been evaluated as candidates for experimental radioimmunotherapy and five of those patients have been treated with a single high dose of iodine-131-(131I) labeled anti-pan B-cell antibodies. The evaluation protocol involved collecting biodistribution data by quantitation of gamma camera images and by tumor biopsy from trace labeled doses of antibody, to estimate the relative radiation dose delivered to normal organs and tumor sites. Each patient received up to three escalating mass doses (0.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, and 10.0 mg/kg) of radioiodinated antibody for determination of the antibody amount that yielded the most favorable biodistribution for treatment. The millicuries of 131I-labeled to the optimal antibody dose for therapy was selected to deliver 1,000 rads (three patients) or 1,500 rads (two patients) to normal uninvolved organs. Because severe bone marrow toxicity was expected, all patients had their bone marrow cryopreserved prior to entry into the study. This report details the methods and results of quantitative imaging, biodistribution data collection, and absorbed radiation dose estimation in patients with lymphoma receiving high level radioimmunotherapy with 131I-labeled antibodies.
Mechanisms of Contact Failure in Semiconductor Devices

A study of the mechanisms of failure in ohmic and expanded contacts, including metal-semiconductor contacts and bonds to metalization in semiconductor devices, indicates that within a number of systems degradation or catastrophic failure has been produced by diffusion which produces solid solutions and/or compound formation. A great many systems are thermodynamically capable of interaction, but the important consideration is not whether they interact at all but whether the reaction proceeds at a rate which will result in metallurgical changes which adversely affect device reliability. The material systems studied are used or are considered for use in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. The systems include Ag-Cr, Ag-Ni, Ag-Pb, Ag-Sn, Al-Au, Al-Cr, Al-Ni, Al-Si, Al-SiO, Al-SiO2, Al-(AlxSiOy), Al-Ta, Al-Ti, Au-Cr, Au-Mo Au-Ti, Cr-Cu, Cr-Ta, Al-(Ni-Cr), Au-(Ni-Cr), Au-(Sb-Sn), Ti-Al-Si and Ti(Pt-Si).
Simple, accurate method for evaluating the amount of fat and protein residue on a food contact surface.

The objective of this research was to evaluate a method for quantitatively removing pork fat and blood plasma from different food contact surfaces - glass, stainless steel, plastic and food grade belting. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, a mass balance procedure was used to determine whether the developed method could remove virtually all the fat or protein placed on stainless steel and glass. In the second study, a gravimetric method was used to verify that the amount of fat on test strips could be harvested and quantified as residue. A recovery rate of from 98% or 100% was achieved for the different types of food contact surfaces.
Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

Many infectious diseases have the potential to complicate pregnancy. Some illnesses may only impact maternal health, but others can infect the fetus with possible devastating or long-term sequelae. In this chapter we aim to review common infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections and influenza as well as those that can cause major neonatal morbidity and mortality including TORCH infections. We will also discuss the challenges that pregnancy creates for the management of these infectious diseases as some antibiotics that would typically be used may not be safe for the developing fetus depending on the stage of pregnancy.
On Nonspecular Reflection of Bounded Beams for Layered Half Spaces Under Water

We study the recently derived reflection coefficient for plane waves in a liquid that are incident on the liquid-solid interface of a solid half space which consists of a single layer of one elastic material bonded to a substrate of a different material. Plots of the magnitude of the reflection coefficient versus the incident angle are presented for several sets of material parameters and values of frequency f and layer thickness d. The use of the results presented for the study of nonspecular reflection of bounded acoustic beams is of primary interest. We therefore seek to identify all the critical incidence angles for nonspecular reflection.
Quasicrystallinity of icosahedral Pd58.8U20.6Si20.6.

The uranium differential atomic pair distribution function (DDF) of icosahedral ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{58.8}$${\mathrm{U}}_{20.6}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{20.6}$ is shown to compare well with the vertex-vertex distance distribution function of a quasicrystalline lattice up to 40 A\r{}. The DDF is also compatible, but less favorably, with the icosahedral glass model, which we point out has a local structure very similar to an ideal quasicrystalline structure up to 50 A\r{} or more. Based upon the comparison of theoretical and experimental values of physical density as well, we conclude that the icosahedral ${\mathrm{Pd}}_{58.8}$${\mathrm{U}}_{20.6}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{20.6}$ is better described by the quasicrystalline model.
Hybrid electric drive active suspension HMMWV

The Hybrid Electric Drive Active Suspension HMMWV integrates a Pentastar Hybrid Electric Drive and a Lotus Active Suspension System into a modified HMMWV, for missions that require capabilities beyond those of a standard HMMWV. This vehicle combines the improved off road mobility of a fully active suspension system, with the numerous additional capabilities of the hybrid electric drive system. The hybrid electric drive system enables the HMMWV to perform a variety of new missions such as; manned surveillance-stealth operations, unmanned-robotic surveillance and reconnaissance, advanced weapon system platform for systems requiring more electric power than available from a standard HMMWV, and forward area high quality power source.
La blue economy in Basilicata. Risorse locali per lo sviluppo regionale

Fisheries of coastal and inland aquaculture areas are preparing for a second phase of local development using the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) for the 2014-2020 period. Local communities will have new opportunities to address territorial challenges, combining European structural and investment funds (ESIFs) to deal with issues such as added value for local seafood products and aquaculture, for the improvement of the integrated management of coastal areas, support for fishing communities, and fish farmers and manufacturers to become both local drives and beneficiaries of the blue economy. The paper discusses distinctive elements of fisheries, aquaculture regional policy and Lucan processes along the coastal territory.