cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic study of schizophrenia returns the complement

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric illness in which patients display varying forms of mental and behavioral dysfunction. The underlying cause of the disease remains unknown. Geneticists have long hoped that large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) would point to specific biological
Vibrational and Rotational Excitation and Dissociation of CO 2 Reexamined

Quantum chemistry calculations are undertaken to elucidate the potential energy surfaces of the lowest singlet (S0) and triplet (T1) electronic states of CO 2 . The region of the potential energy surfaces where the S0 and T1 states cross is determined and its effect on the CO 2 dissociation rate coefficients is discussed. It is suggested that the singlet-triplet transition is the bottleneck in the CO 2 excitation process that controls the temperature dependence of the dissociation rate. NASA is currently evaluating the requirements for the safe landing of large spacecraft (> 40 MT) on Mars. The most recent NASA aerothermodynamics model for hypersonic Mars entry was devised by Park and co-workers [1] nearly 20 years ago. It is based on a simple model (a modification of the Landau-Teller formula) for vibration excitation and relaxation [2-5] and 20-40 year old chemical kinetics data (see [1]). In this model, separate translation and vibration temperatures (T and T V ) are used to describe the thermal nonequilibrium behavior and rotation is assumed to be equilibrated with translation. The composition of the Martian atmosphere is approximately 95% CO 2 , 3% N 2 and 2% Ar and the average pressure at the surface is 600 Pa [6] (less than 1% of the atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface). Thus, aerothermal models for Mars entry must include an accurate treatment of the major molecular species CO 2 , CO and N 2 and, for predicting heat flux, the minor species CN and C 2 . In the original model [1], CO 2 dissociation was assumed to be extremely rapid and little attention was paid to the parameters for its vibration relaxation and dissociation. Furthermore, it was assumed that the CO 2 vibration modes are strongly coupled and that all modes could be described by a single vibrational relaxation time, even though the asymmetric stretch mode is expected to relax more slowly at very low pressures than the symmetric stretch and bending modes. Specifically, recent developments have shown the need for reexamination of the chemistry model for Mars entry. Aerocapture trajectories have been proposed for Mars missions [6] that would involve low-speed entry of very large vehicles, resulting in incomplete CO 2 dissociation and radiative heating from CO 2 IR bands. The characterization of shock heated CO 2 produced in ground-test facilities at NASA Ames and CUBRC [7] is uncertain because CFD simulations using the Park Mars chemistry model do not match observations [8,9]. The possibility of direct formation of
Poly(lactides) co-electrospun with carbon nanotubes: thermal and cell culture properties

Abstract Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) often serve as an effective nucleating agent that facilitates the crystallization of semicrystalline polymers. Here we study the influence of MWCNTs on thermal and structural properties of electrospun fibers of Poly-lactide (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic polymer. MWCNTs were co-electrospun with either poly( l -lactide) (PLLA, with 100% l -isomer) or poly ( d -lactide) (PDLA, containing 4% d -isomer) in weight ratios ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 wt.% MWCNT. Electrospun fibers had average diameters below one micron, and addition of MWCNTs reduced the average fiber diameter and narrowed the diameter distribution. Using heat capacity measurements, the crystal, mobile amorphous, and rigid amorphous fractions were evaluated in MWCNT-containing PLA fibers. More rigid amorphous fraction was observed upon increasing the MWCNT concentration to 1.0 wt.% due to the restricted polymer chain mobility induced by MWCNTs. However, at the highest concentration of 4.0 wt.% MWCNTs, the crystal and rigid amorphous fractions were both reduced due to MWCNT aggregation. Fibers were assessed for their efficacy as substrates for growth of human umbilical vein fibroblasts. Cell culture results of fibroblasts plated on oriented PLLA fibers indicated cells grew preferentially in the same direction as the fiber orientation. Cell metabolic activity was reduced, compared to a control substrate, with greatest reduction occurring in crystalline fibers, or those containing MWCNTs.
An exploratory study of detailing the Grading of Nursing Care system in pediatric nursing

To combine the grade of nursing care and fundamental care for pediatric patients according to doctor's order,and discuss the exploration of detailing the grade of nursing care.To establish the grades of fundamental care for pediatric patients by the nursing management team:define groups of"A","B","C","D",then according to the characteristics of diseases,define the "first grade A","first grade B","first grade C","second grade B","second grade C","second grade D".The grade of fundamental care should be based on patient's diseases,age,treatment plans,self-care activities and so on.Pediatric patients were considered to have poor self-care abilities.Detailing the Grading of Nursing Care system can strengthen the awareness of grade of nursing care.
Reclosing Mode of Cable-overhead Mixed Lines

With more and more cable-overhead mixed lines in power grid,it brings out a difficult problem for the operation department whether the reclosing device of the mixed line should be put into operation or not. This paper analyzes the influence of power cable type,laying mode and operating status of cable line on the reclosing mode of mixed lines. An instructional summary of reclosing mode is made and it directly provides the service for safe operation of power system.
Picturing Migrants: The Grapes of Wrath and New Deal Documentary Photography. Charles M. Russell Center Series on Art and Photography of the American West. By James R. Swensen.

Picturing Migrants: The Grapes of Wrath and New Deal Documentary Photography . Charles M. Russell Center Series on Art and Photography of the American West. By James R. Swensen. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. xi + 256 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $34.95.) In this richly illustrated, carefully researched book, James R. Swensen, assistant professor of the history of photography at Brigham Young University, reveals the fascinating interplay between Farm Security Administration (FSA) photographs and the print and film versions of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath (1939). While other scholars have noted some of the connections, Swensen devotes sustained attention to them. In addition to the photographs themselves, Swensen draws upon interviews with the photographers, the papers of Steinbeck and FSA head Roy Stryker, journalism, agency records, and hundreds of secondary sources. The author convincingly argues that FSA photographs … Brian_cannon{at}byu.edu
Kant on Constructing Causal Representations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a Kantian critique of Patricia Cheng's definition of “cause,” and her solution to the puzzle of causal priority. Covariation accounts are widely understood to be vulnerable to the problem of “common causes.” Although Cheng finds inspiration in Hume and Kant, both philosophers would reject the Power PC theory, and for exactly the same reason. They did not believe that the notion of a “power” was sufficiently clear or precise to be usable in science or philosophy. The broad outlines of Hume's critique are familiar. Cheng does not regard the “power” aspect of the Power PC theory as having Humean sanction. Rather, she traces “causal powers” back to Kant. Some commentators suggest that Kant retained an Aristotelian notion of causal efficacy along with a modified Humean regularity theory. However, they see the two types of causality as playing different roles in his system. On this view, Kant needed Aristotelian power causality not for the purpose of rebutting Hume in the Second Analogy.
Value: Marx’s Evolution and Luxemburg’s Legacy

In his work on value, Marx began in 1847 by recognising economic categories as socially determined and only later introduced abstract labour as a concept. ‘Labour power’ followed even later, along with value as the substance of exchange-value yet distinct from it. Meanwhile, the assumption of a fully capitalist mode of production is made in Capital. This assumption blemishes accumulation of capital as it needs to be understood to include continuing penetration of non-capitalist modes, a concept at the heart of Luxemburg’s legacy in political economy. Since Luxemburg’s work in political economy articulates a problem in Marx’s work, would the conception of value be ‘contaminated’ were we to open it to include the implications of continuing destruction of non-capitalist modes of production?
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Alternate Macrophage and Neutrophil Gene Programs by the Egr Transcription Factors

Cell fate determination in the hematopoietic system involves the onset and resolution of mixed lineage patterns of gene expression. Molecular mechanisms underlying the concerted activation and repression of alternate lineage genes remain to be elucidated. We have proposed a gene regulatory network for macrophage development in which the transcription factors PU.1 and the Egr’s function in a feed forward loop to activate macrophage genes. In the network, the Egr’s counteract the neutrophil regulator Gfi-1 and also repress alternate lineage genes. Using mutant alleles of Egr-1 and Egr-2 we validate the model and demonstrate that the Egr’s are required for initiating but not maintaining the repression of neutrophil genes during macrophage differentiation. Employing a PU.1−/− progenitor cell line we show that PU.1 transiently binds to and activates both macrophage and neutrophil gene promoters thereby leading to the onset of mixed lineage gene activity. While inducing macrophage cell fate determination, PU.1 remains persistently bound to macrophage gene promoters aided by the Egr’s. Surprisingly, the Egr’s displace PU.1 from neutrophil gene promoters by interacting with a co-repressor Nab-2 thereby repressing the alternate lineage program. We propose that the Egr’s have evolved to molecularly discriminate distinct sets of target genes and delineate divergent patterns of gene activity.
Effect of Comminution Method and Pressure on Restructured Beef Steaks

Restructured steaks were made using six methods of meat comminution: (a) sliced parallel, (b) sliced perpendicular to muscle fibers (2-mm thick slice), (c) flaked at -5 C, (d) flaked at -2.2 C, (e) flaked at 2.2 C and (f) ground through a 3.2-mm plate. Meat used was from cow inside rounds. After comminution, meat was stuffed into casings and pressed under pressure (200, 600 or 1,000 psi). The "logs" were then frozen, cut into steaks and evaluated for cooking characteristics and sensory attributes. Intact round steaks were used for controls. The amount of pressure used to form the restructured steaks had no effect (P>.05) on any of the cooking characteristics or sensory properties. Particle production method had no effect (P>.05) on cooking characteristics; however, tenderness, texture description and flavor desirability ratings were higher (P>.05) for flaked steaks as compared to the sliced or intact steaks.
A semigroup theoretic approach to modeling of boundary input problems

Certain control problems for systems governed by partial differential equations are analogous to problems where the state is governed by ordinary differential equations. However there is no finite dimensional analog to the infinite dimensional control problem when the control is exercised through the boundary of the spatial domain. In this paper we present an approach for modeling such problems. In particular we study a semigroup formulation of the map from the boundary input function to the interior state for systems governed by partial differential equations defined on a bounded spatial domain. This formulation allows one to study boundary input problems in a setting familiar from the study of finite dimensional problems and clearly separates the functional analytic aspects of boundary input problems from those aspects relating to the particular partial differential equation, thereby putting the latter in perspective. Additionally this formulation of the input map allows us to reach certain problems not readily accessible by other methods. For example we may readily study general time optimal control problems in this setting and we do not, a priori, require smoothness properties on the boundary of the spatial region.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults With Diabetes: What a Clinician Needs to Know

One of the challenges of managing older adults with diabetes is the individualization of care in people with multiple comorbid conditions. Although macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes are well recognized, there is a lack of awareness regarding other conditions such as cognitive dysfunction, depression, and physical disabilities. Cognitive dysfunction is of particular importance because of its impact on self-care and quality of life. In this Perspective, I discuss common and practical questions faced by clinicians managing diabetes in older adults who also have cognitive dysfunction.
An AR Application for Wheat Breeders

We report on an Augmented Reality interface to speed the workflow of food crop breeders. The goals of the interface are to make data collection in the field more efficient to accelerate the breeding cycle. For hardware combine the Recon Jet sports computer sunglasses and a Neutab N7 Android tablet. For software, we augment the Kansas State University open source Fieldbook application with barcode reading capability, a speech recognition interface, and information displays. We design and evaluate the application using a cohort of wheat breeders.
Constructing Christianity’s “Clear Voice”: The Creation of Christianity Today Magazine

Elites play a significant role in the life of social and intellectual movements. This article draws on archival materials and the theory of Scientific and Intellectual Movements to present a case s...
THE EVOLUTION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT INDEXATION IN BRAZIL

Accounting for inflation is one of the more controversial topics in financial reporting. This paper traces the evolution of the system of inflation accounting used in one of the most highly inflationary economies in the world—Brazil. The history of inflation accounting in Brazil (known as monetary correction) is divided into three time periods: pre-1964, 1964 to 1976, and 1976 to the present. The events pertinent to the system of monetary correction in each of these periods are first discussed and then evaluated. It is shown that the system of monetary correction has been subject to massive political pressures since its inception, but gradual improvements have taken place over the years.
Formate-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: an economic and modeling analysis

An economic analysis was performed to determine the economic potential and commercialization barriers of producing renewable gasoline and diesel (RGD) fuel blendstocks via formate-assisted pyrolysis (FAsP) followed by hydrodeoxygenation processes. A process model was simulated using Aspen Plus® to estimate material and energy balances for the conversion of 2000 dry MT per day of pine sawdust. Scenarios were considered for the regeneration of formate salts from either -biomass-derived and natural-gas-derived carbon monoxide. The material and energy balances were used to calculate capital and operating costs of RGD fuel production. An economic model was built using capital and operating costs to estimate the minimum selling price (MSP) of RGD fuel. The MSP of RGD fuels were estimated at $4.58 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) and $4.80 per GGE for natural gas and biomass-derived CO scenarios, respectively. The total capital investments of these plants were $448 million and $497 million. The feedstock cost was found to be the major cost contributor to the MSP of RGD fuel. Improving FAsP process yields will significantly reduce the production cost of RGD fuel. It has been learned that an increase in deoxygenation of bio-oil in pyrolysis reactor decreases the capital and operating costs of bio-oil upgrading to RGD fuel. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
New onset hyperglycemia attributed to renal cell carcinoma

A 61-year-old male was admitted from the outpatient setting for treatment of severe hyperglycemia. Five months earlier, his hemoglobin A1c had been 5 mmol/mol. At presentation, hemoglobin A1c was 11.3 mmol/mol and he required insulin therapy at discharge. Later magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified bilateral renal masses, previously seen on ultrasound during workup for chronic kidney disease, as being suspicious for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). He underwent partial nephrectomy and cryoablation with pathology showing papillary type RCC. Hyperglycemia resolved after resection and insulin therapy was discontinued, requiring only an oral hypoglycemic. Hyperglycemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome related to RCC is rare. The cause of this acute hyperglycemia is not understood, though previously suggested mechanisms include ectopic glucagon production, autoimmune causes and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediated pathways. Severe, new-onset hyperglycemia in the absence of common causes and with a renal mass on imaging may represent an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to RCC.
Producing and verifying extremely large propositional refutations

The importance of producing a certificate of unsatisfiability is increasingly recognized for high performance propositional satisfiability solvers. The leading solvers develop a conflict graph as the basis for deriving (or "learning") new clauses. Extracting a resolution derivation from the conflict graph is theoretically straightforward, but resolution proofs can be extremely long. This paper reports on a tool that has verified proofs more than 1600 gigabytes long. Several other certificate formats have been proposed and studied, but the verifiers for these formats are beyond any hope of automated verification in their own rights. However, some of the alternative formats enjoy the advantages of being easy to produce proofs for, and reasonable in their space requirements. This paper reports progress on developing a practical system for formal verification of a more compact certificate format. Experimental comparisons are presented. A format called RUP (for Reverse Unit Propagation) is introduced and two implementations are evaluated. This method is an extension of conflict-clause proofs introduced by Goldberg and Novikov, and is compatible with conflict-clause minimization. Extracting a resolution derivation from other decidable theories is discussed briefly.
BURIALS | Dietary Sampling Methods

A burial contains numerous, individual microenvironments, each of which has a different preservation potential, which in turn can provide evidence of human diets. Animal and plant food residues can be recovered from the lower intestinal tract, oral cavity, associated vessels, other forms of burial offerings, and fragments or whole plants or animals deposited in the burial. Individual microenvironments at a burial site result from many aspects including, but not limited to: (1) preparation of the burial feature, (2) addition of burial offerings, (3) depth and orientation of the corpse, (4) edaphic conditions such as moisture and pH, (5) microbial activity, and (6) exposure of the burial when it is excavated.
A network positioning system for the internet

Network positioning has recently been demonstrated to be a viable concept to represent the network distance relationships among Internet end hosts. Several subsequent studies have examined the potential benefits of using network position in applications, and proposed alternative network positioning algorithms. In this paper, we study the problem of designing and building a network positioning system (NPS). We identify several key system-building issues such as the consistency, adaptivity and stability of host network positions over time. We propose a hierarchical network positioning architecture that maintains consistency while enabling decentralization, a set of adaptive decentralized algorithms to compute and maintain accurate, stable network positions, and finally present a prototype system deployed on PlanetLab nodes that can be used by a variety of applications. We believe our system is a viable first step to provide a network positioning capability in the Internet.
Human fibroblast antioxidant defense response to alteration in oxygen tension.

Our previous studies have revealed that partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) ranging from 6 through 720 mm Hg modulate growth of human diploid fibroblasts. We have demonstrated that even physiological oxygen concentrations (PO2 6 – 134 mm Hg) modulate the proliferative life span of these cells. Furthermore, proliferatively aged cells that exhibit a decreased growth rate are more sensitive to oxidative stress than are actively growing cells at lower population doubling levels. Inhibition of cell growth by partial pressures of oxygen above PO2 300 mm Hg and the limited proliferative capacity of cells in culture under physiological oxygen concentrations are probably distinct phenomena resulting from different mechanisms. Our studies indicate that fibroblasts contain multiple oxygen-sensitive sites which exhibit differential sensitivity to oxygen; however, total cellular metabolism is not generally inhibited by hyperoxic exposure. Thus, oxygen-induced inhibition of cell growth may result from a relatively selective process.1
Trends in Oral Antibiotic Prescription in Dermatology, 2008 to 2016.

Importance Dermatologists prescribe more oral antibiotic courses per clinician than any other specialty, and this use puts patients at risk of antibiotic-resistant infections and antibiotic-associated adverse events. Objective To characterize the temporal trends in the diagnoses most commonly associated with oral antibiotic prescription by dermatologists, as well as the duration of this use. Design, Setting, and Participants Repeated cross-sectional analysis of antibiotic prescribing by dermatologists from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2016. The setting was Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (Eden Prairie, Minnesota) deidentified commercial claims data. Participants were dermatology clinicians identified by their National Uniform Claim Committee taxonomy codes, and courses of oral antibiotics prescribed by these clinicians were identified by their National Drug Codes. Exposures Claims for oral antibiotic prescriptions were consolidated into courses of therapy and associated with the primary diagnosis from the most recent visit. Courses were stratified into those of extended duration (>28 days) and those of short duration (≤28 days). Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency of antibiotic prescribing and associated diagnoses. Poisson regression models were used to assess for changes in the frequency of antibiotic prescribing over time. Results Between 2008 and 2016 among 985 866 courses of oral antibiotics prescribed by 11 986 unique dermatologists, overall antibiotic prescribing among dermatologists decreased 36.6% (1.23 courses per 100 visits) from 3.36 (95% CI, 3.34-3.38) to 2.13 (95% CI, 2.12-2.14) courses per 100 visits with a dermatologist (prevalence rate ratio for annual change, 0.931; 95% CI, 0.930-0.932), with much of this decrease occurring among extended courses for acne and rosacea. Oral antibiotic use associated with surgical visits increased 69.6% (2.73 courses per 100 visits) from 3.92 (95% CI, 3.83-4.01) to 6.65 (95% CI, 6.57-6.74) courses per 100 visits associated with a surgical visit (prevalence rate ratio, 1.061; 95% CI, 1.059-1.063). Conclusions and Relevance Continuing to develop alternatives to oral antibiotics for noninfectious conditions, such as acne, can improve antibiotic stewardship and decrease complications from antibiotic use. In addition, the rising use of postoperative antibiotics after surgical visits is concerning and may put patients at unnecessary risk of adverse events. Future studies are needed to identify the value of this practice and the risk of adverse events.
Racial disparities in cancer survival: A trend analysis based on SEER data (1973-2010).

1571Background: African Americans have higher incidence of cancer and lower survival rates compared to other ethnicities. We studied the 5-year relative survival between black and white races for t...
Pembrolizumab After Completion of Locally Ablative Therapy for Oligometastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial

Importance Patients with oligometastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may benefit from locally ablative therapy (LAT) such as surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy. Prior studies were conducted before the advent of immunotherapy, and a strong biological rationale for the use of immunotherapy exists in a minimal residual disease state. Objective To evaluate whether the addition of pembrolizumab after LAT improves outcomes for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-arm phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab therapy was performed from February 1, 2015, through September 30, 2017, at an academic referral cancer center. The 51 eligible patients enrolled had oligometastatic NSCLC (≤4 metastatic sites) and had completed LAT to all known sites of disease. Data were analyzed from February 1, 2015, to August 23, 2018. Interventions Within 4 to 12 weeks of completing LAT, patients began intravenous pembrolizumab therapy, 200 mg every 21 days, for 8 cycles, with provision to continue to 16 cycles in the absence of progressive disease or untoward toxic effects. Main Outcomes and Measures The 2 primary efficacy end points were progression-free survival (PFS) from the start of LAT (PFS-L), which preceded enrollment in the trial, and PFS from the start of pembrolizumab therapy (PFS-P). The study was powered for comparison with historical data on the first efficacy end point. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, safety, and quality of life as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Lung instrument. Results Of 51 patients enrolled, 45 (24 men [53%]; median age, 64 years [range, 46-82 years]) received pembrolizumab. At the time of analysis, 24 patients had progressive disease or had died. Median PFS-L was 19.1 months (95% CI, 9.4-28.7 months), significantly greater than the historical median of 6.6 months (P = .005). Median PFS-P was 18.7 months (95% CI, 10.1-27.1 months). Eleven patients died. Overall mean (SE) survival rate at 12 months was 90.9% (4.3%); at 24 months, 77.5% (6.7%). Neither programmed death ligand 1 expression nor CD8 T-cell tumor infiltration was associated with PFS-L. Pembrolizumab after LAT yielded no new safety signals and no reduction in quality of life. Conclusions and Relevance Pembrolizumab after LAT for oligometastatic NSCLC appears to improve PFS with no reduction in quality of life. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02316002
Coronary Artery Damage Induces Endothelial Progenitor Cell Recruitment and High Levels of Circulating EPCs Correlate with Coronary Artery Collaterals Formation.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived undifferentiated cells that are rapidly mobilized in response to tissue ischemia and incorporated into sites of neovascularization. EPCs co-express surface CD34, CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) antigens and develop an endothelial phenotype in culture. In animal models of tissue ischemia EPCs were shown to participate in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. We sought to determine whether circulating EPCs level correlate with collateral formation following a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). In addition, we sought to evaluate the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the levels of circulating EPCs. Twenty patients who underwent PCI within a week of NSTEMI were divided into two groups: patients without collaterals [coll(−), n=10] and patients with Rentrop grade 3–4 collaterals [coll(+), n=10]. Two blood samples were drawn from all patients: before PCI and 24±2 hours after PCI. Using flow cytometry the percentage of cells co-expressing VEGFR-2 and CD133 was determined. In addition, EPC colonies were grown from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, characterized, and counted after 7 days of culture. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. The coll(+) group had a higher degree of culprit vessel stenosis and lower initial TIMI flow grade. The relative number of EPCs (co-expressing VEGFR-2 and CD133) before PCI was significantly higher in the coll(+) group than in the coll(−) group (1.49±0.9% vs. 0.77±0.4%, P =0.045). There were no significant inter-group differences in the number of EPC colony-forming cells. The number of EPC colonies increased significantly in the coll(−) group following PCI (from 9.5±4.8 to 14.0±5.9 per 106 cultured cells, P =0.01). This study supports an association between circulating EPC levels and collateral formation in patients with a NSTEMI. Furthermore, these findings suggest that vascular injury during PCI triggers mobilization of EPCs to the peripheral blood, especially in patients without coronary collaterals. Our data suggest that patients with high levels of circulating EPCs are more likely to form coronary artery collaterals and that vascular injury induces EPC recruitment.
Pain self-efficacy, race, and motivation to quit smoking among persons living with HIV (PLWH)

Abstract Pain and cigarette smoking are commonly co-occurring and costly public health issues, and rates of both conditions are elevated among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Recent work has focused on elucidating the role of cognitive factors in pain-smoking interrelations, and PLWH have endorsed various beliefs regarding pain and smoking. There is reason to suspect that pain self-efficacy (i.e., belief in one’s ability to cope with pain) may be associated with the maintenance of smoking. However, no previous research has examined relations between pain self-efficacy and motivation to quit. The goal of this study was to conduct the first test of cross-sectional associations between pain self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking among PLWH. Race was tested as a moderator of the hypothesized associations. Participants (N = 76 daily smokers; 37% female; Mage = 50.6; MCPD = 13.7) were recruited from an outpatient infectious disease clinic for a primary study examining the effects of a personalized feedback intervention for PLWH. Results indicated that pain self-efficacy was positively associated with perceived importance of quitting and intention to quit within the next six months across the entire sample (ps
Phenotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogenous disease process affecting a significant proportion of the population and impacting quality of life and productivity. Historically, CRS has been classified broadly into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Increased understanding regarding unique presentations of CRS subsets and their underlying inflammatory profiles has led to a new system for classifying CRS phenotypes. Consideration of CRS phenotypes has traditionally been a key factor in determining treatment paradigms. Under a new phenotype classification system, physical findings will continue to drive treatment decisions, but with more precision. Recent rapidly accumulated knowledge indicates that the broad categorization of CRSwNP or CRSsNP is no longer clinically useful. Reorganization of CRS phenotypes and their underlying endotypes will lead to more targeted and efficacious therapy.
The role of bioturbation-driven substrate disturbance in the Mesozoic brachiopod decline

Author(s): Manojlovic, M; Clapham, ME | Abstract: Brachiopods dominated the seafloor as a primary member of the Paleozoic fauna. Despite the devastating effects of the end-Permian extinction, the group recovered during the early Mesozoic only to gradually decline from the Jurassic to today. This decline likely had multiple causes, including increased predation and bioturbation-driven substrate disruption, but the role of changing substrate is not well understood. Given the importance of substrate for extant brachiopod habitat, we documented Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithologic preferences and morphological changes to assess how decreasing firm-substrate habitat may have contributed to the brachiopod decline. Compared with bivalves, Mesozoic brachiopods occurred more frequently and were disproportionately abundant in carbonate lithologies. Although patterns in glauconitic or ferruginous sediments are equivocal, brachiopods became more abundant in coarser-grained carbonates and less abundant in fine-grained siliciclastics. During the Jurassic, brachiopod species rarely had abraded beaks but tended to be more convex with a high beak, potentially consistent with a non-analogue lifestyle resting on the seafloor. However, those highly convex morphotypes largely disappeared by the Cenozoic, when more terebratulides had abraded beaks, suggesting closer attachment to hard substrates. Rhynchonellides disproportionately declined to become a minor component of Cenozoic faunas, perhaps because of less pronounced morphological shifts. Trends in lithologic preferences and morphology are consistent with bioturbation-driven substrate disruption, with brachiopods initially using firmer carbonate sediments as refugia before adapting to live primarily attached to hard surfaces. This progressive habitat restriction likely played a role in the final brachiopod decline, as bioturbating ecosystem engineers transformed benthic habitats in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
Fitting Square Pegs into Round Holes: Mapping the Domain of Contingent Work Arrangements onto the Psychological Contract

In this paper, we have endeavored to integrate the literature on psychological contracts with the literature on contingent work arrangements. After reviewing previous work on contingent employment, we illustrate how the dimensions of psychological contracts (stability, scope, tangibility, focus, time frame, particularism, multiple agency and volition) are more useful in highlighting differences and similarities among alternative employment arrangements in a meaningful and parsimonious manner. In doing so, we have sought to avoid the limitations of a typology or categorization of employment arrangements that has, thus far, yielded inconsistent and contradictory research results. In addition, we argue that the dimensions of psychological contracts, rather than the content of contracts, is more generalizable across type of work arrangement, as well as across different types of jobs and across national boundaries.
Poster: Scaling Up Deep Neural Network optimization for Edge Inference†

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been increasingly deployed on and integrated with edge devices, such as mobile phones, drones, robots and wearables. Compared to cloud-based inference, running DNN inference directly on edge devices (a.k. a. edge inference) has major advantages, including being free from the network connection requirement, saving bandwidths, and better protecting user privacy [1].
Masks in the time of COVID-19 as an inadvertent simulation of facial paralysis

New face mask requirements to slow the spread of COVID-19 have complex ramifications on stigma for people who have facial paralysis or facial difference. The author, a psychology researcher who has...
Behavioral and Physiologic Responses to Tail Docking in Calves and Preparturient Heifers

Many dairy farmers utilize tail docking because they believe it improves milking hygiene and increases the comfort of milking personnel. Few studies have been conducted to determine behavioral and physiological effects of tail docking in dairy cattle, and the optimal age to remove tails is unknown. Our study's objectives were to determine: 1) behavioral and hormonal effects of tail banding with rubber rings one month prior to first parturition in dairy heifers, both with and without use of an epidural and 2) to determine the behavioral response to tail banding using rubber rings on calves 1- 6 weeks of age.
Acquired angioedema in B cell lymphoproliferative disease: A retrospective case series

Acquired angioedema due to C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency (AAE-C1-INH) is rare and is associated with underlying lymphoproliferative diseases. C1-INH deficiency may be due to neoplastic over-consumption of C1-INH and the generation of anti-C1-INH autoantibodies. Uncovering an occult malignancy can lead to earlier oncology referral and improvement of angioedema after treatment of the underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. We characterized seven patients with C1-INH-AAE that highlights the importance of recognizing the association between C1-INH-AAE and underlying malignancy. In acute attacks, patients may be resistant to C1-INH therapy due to the presence of anti-C1-INH autoantibodies or rapid complement consumption, and may respond better to icatibant or ecallantide, which directly affect bradykinin. Treatment of the underlying malignancy also improves AAE-C1-INH symptoms and supports the role of lymphoproliferative B cells in AAE-C1-INH pathophysiology. Monitoring levels of C4, C1-INH function and level, and C1q may be predictive of AAE-C1-INH control and be used as surrogates for treatment efficacy. With close monitoring, low-dose danazol can be effective for long-term prophylaxis. Annual evaluation in AAE-C1-INH is recommended if an underlying malignancy is not found, as angioedema may precede the development of malignancy by several years. Our single-center study has aided in standardization of comprehensive AAE-C1-INH diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring strategies towards future therapeutic clinical trials.
MR Microscopy for 3D Identification of Cortical Tubers, White Matter "Microtubers" and Radial Migration Lines in Ex Vivo Pediatric TSC with Epilepsy

We compared 7T MRI to optical microscopy for the detection of abnormalities in two pediatric TSC + AED-refractory resection specimens. 3D reconstruction of microscopy slides is challenging because ...
Manipulating characteristic timescales and fiber morphology in simultaneous centrifugal spinning and photopolymerization

Abstract In this study, the fabrication of crosslinked nonwoven fibers via simultaneous thiol-ene photopolymerization and spinning of monomer jets has been demonstrated in centrifugal Forcespinning for the first time. We observed that simultaneous Forcespinning and photopolymerization resulted in a wide variety of fiber morphologies including beads, beads-on-string, uniform fiber, fused fibers, and well-cured fibers. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms and parameter interactions that give rise to these morphologies, we systematically varied the light intensity, solution elasticity, and spin speed of the Forcespinning process. From these experimental results, an operating diagram was constructed based on the measured process parameters, their respective timescales, and observed effects on fiber morphology. While numerous parameters can individually affect fiber formation and morphology, the interplay between curing kinetics, solution viscoelasticity, and orifice-to-collector processing time window is also crucial in this process. Smooth and well-cured fibers were formed only when the photopolymerization occurred sufficiently quickly, before both the breakup of fibers into droplets due to a surface tension driven Rayleigh instability and the deposition of fibers on the collector. Our findings can serve as a predictive guideline for the fabrication of crosslinked fibers with desired morphology, the implementation of the in-situ polymerization and spinning concept into other commercial fiber manufacturing technologies, and the adaptation of other functional or high performance monomer systems.
Cell-mediated immune response to syngeneic ultraviolet-induced tumors: II. The properties and antigenic specificities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in vitro following removal from syngeneic tumor-immunized mice☆

Abstract The immune responses of C3Hf mice to syngeneic fibrosarcomas induced with either ultraviolet light or methychlolanthrene (MCA) were measured in vitro by the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) from immunized animals to kill 51 Cr-labeled tumor targets in a 6-hr assay. The CTL were generated by the in vitro culturing of draining popliteal lymph node (DLN) cells derived from animals that were footpad immunized 8 days previously. It was determined that CTL activity could be generated using DLN from both normal (uv tumorresistant) and uv-exposed (uv tumor-susceptible) C3H mice. The kinetics of CTL generation between these two groups, however, was different in that the lymphocytes from normal animals appeared to differentiate into CTL faster than the lymphocytes from the uv-irradiated mice. The in vitro generation of CTL activity was found to be extremely radiosensitive and was also inhibited by the presence of viable tumor cells within the cell culture. Once generated, it was observed that the CTL were extremely insensitive to the effects of gamma irradiation. It was also established that the CTL is a T lymphocyte that appears to be Ia − . The CTL derived from mice immunized to syngeneic uv- or MCA-induced tumors were capable of expressing cross-reactive non-MHC-restricted killing of multiple tumor targets. Cold cell inhibition experiments confirmed the presence of cross-reactive determinants on various tumors and also established the presence within a single CTL preparation of effector cells with specificity for both the unique tumor specific transplantation antigens as well as the common (cross-reactive) tumor-associated antigens.
Characterizing the near field strength of ISS-RapidScat reflector antenna from measurement data using spectral back projection method

A newly developed instrument, known as the Rapid Scatterometer (ISS-RapidScat), has been designed to replace QuickScat and SeaWinds in measuring ocean surface winds. The new design utilizes much of the engineering model hardware from SeaWinds. ISS RF safety requirements necessitated a blanker circuit that was designed to manage ISS-RapidScat interference on sensitive nearby objects such as spacecraft and humans. This required a detailed knowledge of the antenna near-field distribution and absolute strength, which can be challenging to obtain experimentally. This paper outlines a procedure to determine the near-field values with the knowledge of the measured far-field patterns and the radiated power. The accuracy of the method has been validated through many simulations.
Explaining Innovative Behaviour: Uniqueness-Seeking and Sensation-Seeking

The authors investigate innovative behaviour from a motivational perspective. They propose a model of innovative behaviour and test a portion of it; the results support the model. Innovative behaviour appears to be a channel used for the expression of the internal motives of uniqueness-seeking and sensation-seeking.
Jesus and Matthew: Monsters, Si[g]ns, and Wonders

In the American New Right's outraged war against all things anti-family, -nation, and -civilization, the authority of Jesus, crucified yet triumphant, is held out as potent augury against all forces of evil. For many evangelical Christian groups, one “archenemy” in particular exemplifies the forces of Satan and civil distress. The resulting scene of Manichean conflict can only be called Gothic Verite: The suffering, broken body of Jesus, whose blood is piously read as atonement, rebukes the demonized and monstrous homosexual, whose blood, Gothically read, contains the taint of private immorality, public domestic threat, and world-ending civic collapse. This powerful clash of images, cosmic worldviews and mundane politics can be observed at the funeral of Matthew Shepard—beaten to death, most observers conclude, because his assailants thought he was gay. In the tense confrontation of Christians and homosexuals at his funeral, one sees a historic tension within the heart of Christianity threatening, at whatever cost, to reconcile. That is, at issue is the recognition, however dim, that the angel and the demon, the prayerful and depraved, mirror each other more than they differ.
A World of Difference: Encountering and Contesting Development by Eric Sheppard, Philip W. Porter, David R. Faust, and Richa Nagar

This massive volume is a cultural geography textbook to be used in college-level courses dealing with world economic development. It covers an enormous range of topics using geographical and histor...
Pierre Gy's Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice (Vols 1 and 2)

(1992). Pierre Gy's Sampling Theory and Sampling Practice (Vols 1 and 2) Technometrics: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 363-364.
Optogenetic control of organelle transport using a photocaged chemical inducer of dimerization

Summary Cell polarity, growth and signaling require organelle transport by cytoskeletal motor proteins that are precisely regulated in time and space. Probing these complex, dynamic processes requires experimental techniques with comparable temporal and spatial precision. Inducible dimerization offers the ability to recruit motor proteins to organelles in living cells. Approaches include rapamycin-induced dimerization of motors and cargo-bound binding partners [1] or the recent application of the TULIP light-inducible dimerization system [2,3]. In the latter system, motor recruitment is activated by blue light, and relaxes to an OFF state in the dark within seconds. While rapid relaxation is desirable for some applications, many experiments require sustained motor recruitment. Here, we use a photocaged chemical dimerizer to achieve sustained, spatially-defined motor recruitment to individual organelles with a single pulse of light. We demonstrate the general applicability of the system by recruiting microtubule plus end-directed kinesin-1 and minus end-directed dynein motors to peroxisomes and mitochondria in HeLa cells and primary neurons, leading to alterations in organelle transport on timescales from 10 minutes after photoactivation.
Localization of vitamin D3-responsive alkaline phosphatase in cultured chondrocytes

Alkaline phosphatase activity appears to be altered when chondrocyte cultures are incubated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). This study examined whether the hormone-responsive enzyme activity is associated with alkaline phosphatase-enriched extracellular membrane organelles called matrix vesicles. Confluent, third passage cultures of rat costochondral growth cartilage (GC) or resting zone chondrocytes (RC) were incubated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3) and enzyme specific activity was assayed in the cell layer or in isolated matrix vesicle and plasma membrane fractions. Alkaline phosphatase-specific activity in the matrix vesicles was enriched at least 2-fold over that of the plasma membrane and 10-fold over that of the cell layer. Matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase was stimulated by 1,25-(OH)2D3 in GC cultures and by 24,25-(OH)2D3 in RC cultures. The cell layer failed to reveal these subtle differences. 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased GC enzyme activity but the effect was one-half that observed in the matrix vesicles alone. No effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on enzyme activity of the RC cell layer or of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on either GC or RC cell layers was detected. Thus, response to the metabolites is dependent on chondrocytic differentiation and is site specific: the matrix vesicle fraction is targeted and not the cells per se.