cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twins conceived using IVF: a follow-up of the family environment and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence.

Study question Compared to families with IVF singletons, what are parental depressive, parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment outcomes in families with 11-17-year-old IVF twins? Summary answer No differences were detected for any measured outcome between families with 11-17-year-old IVF twins and those with IVF singletons, despite high statistical power. What is known already When IVF twins are younger than 5-years-old, parents tend to have more mental health difficulties and poorer parent-child interactions relative to IVF singletons. By middle childhood, these differences may no longer exist and available studies with middle childhood-aged IVF twins challenge the expected long-term implications of the early concerns. IVF twins may even have more optimum adjustment than IVF singletons in middle childhood. Study design, size, duration Study of 280, 11-17-year-old IVF children (n = 122 twins and n = 158 singletons) from 195 families at a US reproductive endocrinology clinic. Participants/materials, setting, method At Wave 1, clinic patients with an IVF child born between 1998 and 2004 were invited to participate in an online survey. In this follow-up study, mothers and fathers provided information on each of their 11-17-year-old IVF adolescents. Main results and the role of chance There were no differences between 11- and 17-year-old IVF twins and IVF singletons in parent depressive symptoms, parent-adolescent interactions or adolescent adjustment outcomes. Limitations reasons for caution Although the family demographics are representative of IVF patients, participants were drawn from one US clinic. Wider implications of the findings Study results provide reassurance that by adolescence IVF twins and their families function as well as IVF singletons and their families. Study funding/competing interests University of Minnesota (UMN) Agriculture Experiment Station (MN-52-107), UMN Grant-in-Aid of Research, Artistry and Scholarship, UMN College of Education and Human Development Research Development Investment Grant, UMN Women's Philosophic Leadership Circle Award, UMN Eva Miller Endowed Fellowship. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Abstract IA21: Profiling immune cell subsets and immune responses using immunoPET

The field of immuno-oncology is seeing striking successes, yet suffers from ongoing diagnostic challenges that are hampering progress in the development of novel and combination immunotherapies in patients. Non-invasive imaging using PET enables profiling tumor and immune system biology throughout the body. In vivo imaging provides a powerful and complementary approach to in vitro diagnostics, allowing profiling of biology in the context of an intact living organism. Given the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, as well as variability of immune responses, molecular imaging approaches are poised to provide essential information to enhance our understanding of immune responses and immunotherapy. We have developed engineered antibody fragments to provide a versatile platform for non-invasive imaging of cells and tissues based on cell surface phenotype. Recombinant fragments such as minibodies and diabodies have been developed with accelerated clearance (enabling same-day or next-day imaging), limited or no biological activity (lacking complement/Fc receptor binding), and permitting site-specific conjugation. When labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides (such as I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, F-18), minibodies and diabodies can be employed for high resolution, sensitive, quantitative imaging by immunoPET and provide highly specific molecular assessments of tumor biology and response to treatment. For example, an I-124 prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)-specific minibody demonstrates sensitive imaging in mouse models of prostate cancer and provides a PET imaging readout of response to anti-androgens. Antibody-based targeting and imaging of CD markers (CD4 or CD8 on T lymphocytes; CD20 on B lymphocytes) broadens applications to assessment of immune cell subsets and monitoring responses to cancer immunotherapy. A Zr-89 anti-CD8 cys-diabody has been used to detect and image tumor infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor treatment models using anti-CD137 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and to detect adoptively-transferred OT-I T cells in mice. Applications extend beyond oncology, with recent visualization of CD4+ T lymphocytes in a mouse model of colitis. Importantly, immunoPET using engineered antibody fragments can be readily translated, and can provide highly sensitive imaging of cell surface biomarkers in patients. ImmunoPET provides a broad approach for noninvasive, whole-body monitoring of key factors such as target expression in vivo, response to therapy, and immune responses, and stands to play an expanding role in the detection and management of cancer. Citation Format: Anna M. Wu. Profiling immune cell subsets and immune responses using immunoPET. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors (PMGCT) are rare neoplasms that are predominantly located in the prevascular mediastinum. Although the morphologic, immunophenotypic, serologic, and molecular findings are similar to their gonadal counterpart, the prognosis of some of these tumors is different in the mediastinum. For instance, in contrast to immature teratomas in the gonads, immature teratomas in the mediastinum can behave in an aggressive fashion. Klinefelter syndrome has been associated with PMGCT. Furthermore, the location in the mediastinum raises a distinct differential diagnosis of germ cell tumors. Moreover, the expression of certain germ cell tumor markers by mimickers of these tumors in the mediastinum can pose a pitfall. However, the diagnosis and subtyping of PMGCT is important as prognosis and patient management differ between PMGCT types and between PMGCT and its mimickers in the mediastinum. This chapter will focus on morphologic features of PMGCT and what findings might be helpful to distinguish these tumors from other tumors in the mediastinum. Furthermore, the chapter will highlight ancillary studies that can be useful to distinguish PMGCT from its mimickers in that location.
Annual variation in event-scale precipitation δ 2 H at Barrow, AK, reflects vapor source region

Abstract. In this study, precipitation isotopic variations at Barrow, AK, USA, are linked to conditions at the moisture source region, along the transport path, and at the precipitation site. Seventy precipitation events between January 2009 and March 2013 were analyzed for δ2H and deuterium excess. For each precipitation event, vapor source regions were identified with the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) air parcel tracking program in back-cast mode. The results show that the vapor source region migrated annually, with the most distal (proximal) and southerly (northerly) vapor source regions occurring during the winter (summer). This may be related to equatorial expansion and poleward contraction of the polar circulation cell and the extent of Arctic sea ice cover. Annual cycles of vapor source region latitude and δ2H in precipitation were in phase; depleted (enriched) δ2H values were associated with winter (summer) and distal (proximal) vapor source regions. Precipitation δ2H responded to variation in vapor source region as reflected by significant correlations between δ2H with the following three parameters: (1) total cooling between lifted condensation level (LCL) and precipitating cloud at Barrow, Δ T cool, (2) meteorological conditions at the evaporation site quantified by 2 m dew point, T d, and (3) whether the vapor transport path crossed the Brooks and/or Alaskan ranges, expressed as a Boolean variable, mtn. These three variables explained 54 % of the variance (p T cool, 3.23 ± 0.83 ‰ °C−1 (p T cool T cool explained 3 % of the variance in δ2H, T d alone accounted for 43 %, while mtn explained 2 %. For storms with distal vapor sources (Δ T cool > 7°C), Δ T cool explained 22 %, T d explained only 1 %, and mtn explained 18 %. The deuterium excess annual cycle lagged by 2–3 months during the δ2H cycle, so the direct correlation between the two variables is weak. Vapor source region relative humidity with respect to the sea surface temperature, h ss, explained 34 % of variance in deuterium excess, (−0.395 ± 0.067 ‰ %−1, p
Erich Auerbach, Mimesis; la realidad en la literatura. Trad. de I. Villanueva y E. Ímaz. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 1950. 532 págs.

Se reseno el libro: Mimesis; la realidad en la literatura. Trad. de I. Villanueva y E. Imaz.
Hirayama Disease in Children from North America (P03.001)

OBJECTIVE: To identify Hirayama disease in children in a tertiary care Pediatric Neurology Clinic. BACKGROUND: Hirayama disease has been mainly reported from Asia, with only a few cases from western hemisphere particularly North America. In this study we highlighted our experience with Hirayama disease in non-Asian children from North America. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients RESULTS: Six children (4 males), age 15.1 ± 1.2 years, diagnosed with Hirayama Disease.All children were Caucasian. Symptom onset: 3 months-3 years prior to presentation. Referral diagnoses: tremors (2), median and ulnar neuropathies (1), ulnar neuropathy (1), neuralgic amyotrophy (1), and anterior horn cell disease (1). All had unilateral or bilateral asymmetric distal upper extremity weakness. “Oblique amyotrophy” and “Cold paresis” were noted in 5 each. Two had only subjective sensory symptoms. On electromyography (EMG), acute-on-chronic denervation was most frequently noted in C8-T1 myotomes followed by C7 myotome in both upper limbs (even if one limb was symptomatic). C5, C6 segments were spared. Cervical MRI findings were: normal (3), cervical cord atrophy without signal changes (1), engorgement of posterior epidural venous plexus on neck-flexion (1), and atrophic cervical cord with T2W hyperintensities (1). Symptoms progressed over a mean of 16.5 months. Treatment consisted of placement of cervical collar; follow-up (mean 15.6 months): progression stopped in all with some improvement of hand function in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Hirayama Disease can rarely affect Caucasian children from North America. Heightened awareness of this entity among pediatric neurologists will lead to early diagnosis and intervention thus avoiding unnecessary investigations. Disclosure: Dr. Ghosh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moodley has nothing to disclose. Dr. Friedman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rothner has received personal compensation for activities with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, MAP Pharmaceuticals, and GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. Dr. Rothner has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Ghosh has received personal compensation for activities with Merz Pharma as a consultant.
A Nonvolatile Fast-Read Two-Transistor SRAM Based on Spintronic Devices

This paper proposes a compact nonvolatile three-terminal two-transistor spintronic memory cell with a fast-read operation. It is applicable to a variety of current-driven and voltage-controlled write mechanisms, such as spin diffusion, spin Hall effect, domain wall motion, and magnetoelectric effect. Compared to the prior three-terminal spintronic memory proposal, the new cell provides 20% improvement in cell density. Compared to the conventional spin torque transfer random access memory, the proposed cell separates the read and write paths, and improves the read energy-delay product by up to $22\times $ considering process variations for transistors and MTJs.
Association between Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Esophageal Food Impaction in the Pediatric Population.

Objectives(1) To describe the presentation, management, and outcomes associated with pediatric esophageal food impaction (EFI) at a single tertiary care institution. (2) To identify the key clinica...
Poetry, Life, Literature

The question and theme of the poetry of life reaches deep into the essential questions of human existence. In the sense that poetry is the central core of literature, it is essential to the meaning of our lives. This question does not necessarily place human life, nor indeed biological life, at the center of inquiry. We will examine the sense in which life itself is poetry, and great literature — in this essay we will refer only to that — is recognized by its capacity to capture and express that poetry. When it does this it penetrates to the heart of human accord and resonance with creation, and so merits the title “universal” or “immortal” literature. A better description would be: fundamental, essential poetry.
Low-latency Estimates for Window-Aggregate Queries over Data Streams

Obtaining low-latency results from window-aggregate queries can be critical to certain data-stream processing applications. Due to a DSMS’s lack of control over incoming data (typically, because of delays and bursts in data arrival), timely results for a window-aggregate query over a data stream cannot be obtained with guarantees about the results’ accuracy. In this thesis, I propose a technique, which I term prodding, to obtain early result estimates for window-aggregate queries over data streams. The early estimates are obtained in addition to the regular query results. The proposed technique aims to maximize the contribution to a result-estimate computation from all the stateful operators across a multi-level query plan. I evaluate the benefits of prodding using real-world and generated data streams having different patterns in data arrival and data values. I conclude that, in various DSMS applications, prodding can generate low-latency estimates to window-aggregate query results. The main factors affecting the degree of inaccuracy in such estimates are: the aggregate function used in a query, the patterns in arrivals and values of stream data, and the aggressiveness of demanding the estimates. The utility of the estimates obtained using prodding should be optimized by tuning the aggressiveness in result-estimate demands to the specific latency and accuracy needs of a business, considering any available knowledge about patterns in the incoming data.
Cannabis Legalization Does Not Influence Patient Compliance with Opioid Therapy.

Abstract Background Prescription opioid use and opioid related deaths continue to increase nationwide. Several states have adopted legislation allowing for recreational use of cannabis. Little is known about how recreational cannabis laws impact compliance in chronic pain patients who have been prescribed opioid therapy. The goals of this study were to (1) retrospectively assess the effect of cannabis use on compliance with opioid therapy in a high-risk patient population and (2) determine the impact of legalization of recreational cannabis on patients prescribed therapeutic opioids. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on results from a “high-risk” urine drug testing panel. Results from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of recreational cannabis legislation were analyzed. This testing panel included qualitative assays for cannabinoids and 9 other common drugs of abuse in addition to a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay for 23 different opioids and metabolites. Opioid compliance was assigned by reviewing pathologists’ interpretations. Results In the pre-legalization period, 1776 panels were performed, and in the post-legalization, 1648 panels were performed. An increase (6%) in the rate of positive cannabinoids screening results was observed after legalization of recreational cannabis; however, the overall compliance rate was consistent. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that legalization of recreational cannabis does not affect compliance rate in patients treated with opioid therapy for chronic pain.
Congenital Syphilis and the Prozone Phenomenon: A Case Study.

Background There is a global rise in maternal syphilis and infants born with congenital syphilis. Clinical findings This case report presents a 32-week gestation premature male infant with initial clinical findings significant for respiratory failure as well as blueberry muffin spot rash and hepatosplenomegaly, which are consistent with congenital syphilis. Primary diagnosis This case study is unique in that the diagnosis of congenital neurosyphilis was demonstrated despite negative maternal serology because of the prozone phenomenon. This phenomenon refers to an overwhelming acute infection that interferes with testing by antibody flocculation or clumping of antibodies, causing a false-negative result and allows an infection such as syphilis to go undetected during pregnancy when Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test is performed. Interventions The infant received a 10-day course of aqueous penicillin G 150,000 U/kg every 8 hours per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Redbook recommendations for congenital neurosyphilis. Outcomes The infant was discharged home on day of life 38 and was followed as an outpatient with serial rapid plasma reagin titers confirming adequate treatment of congenital neurosyphilis. He was also referred to the high-risk infant clinic to monitor for developmental milestones secondary to prematurity and central nervous system infection. Practice recommendations Providers within the neonatal setting should consider early congenital syphilis testing on infants with similar clinical presentation regardless of negative maternal testing.
Naltrexone Acutely Enhances Connectivity Between the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and a Left Frontoparietal Network.

Background Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist that is Food and Drug Administration approved for treating alcohol use disorder (AUD), reduces alcohol craving and intake. Despite known pharmacological properties, little is known regarding the effects of naltrexone on neural circuit function. Thus, a data-driven examination of the neural effects of naltrexone in human subjects may offer novel insight into its treatment mechanisms. Methods Twenty-one alcohol using males (22 to 39) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effects of naltrexone on brain voxel-wise functional connectivity (FC) using intersubject FC correlation mapping. We first cross-correlated the time series from each gray matter voxel to produce a 6,356 × 6,356 FC matrix for each subject and session. We then subtracted the placebo FC matrix from the naltrexone FC matrix. To identify brain regions demonstrating significant reconfiguration of whole-brain FC patterns following naltrexone treatment, we statistically quantified the consistency of patterns of voxel FC changes across subjects. Permutation testing identified significant clusters of voxels undergoing significant reconfiguration. Using the identified clusters in a seed-based FC analysis, we then compared the FC patterns of affected brain areas on placebo versus naltrexone in a paired t-test. Ridge regression analyses identified self-report measures, including substance use, that significantly predicted individual differences in FC among naltrexone-modulated regions. Results Two clusters in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) demonstrated significant modulation of FC by naltrexone. Using these 2 proximal clusters as a single seed, specific FC changes were identified in regions associated with a left frontoparietal network (increasing), as well as visual and motor regions (decreasing). Stronger FC between the rACC/vmPFC and this set of regions on placebo was associated with more external locus of control, whereas weaker connectivity was associated with greater substance use problems. Naltrexone strengthened these connections most among individuals who reported greater drinking to cope. Conclusions Enhancing connectivity between the rACC/vmPFC, implicated in alcohol craving, and components of a left frontoparietal network involved in executive control may represent an effective strategy for the treatment of AUD.
Medicare Spending and the Adequacy of Support With Daily Activities in Community-Living Older Adults With Disability: An Observational Study.

Background Identifying factors that affect variation in health care spending among older adults with disability may reveal opportunities to better address their care needs while offsetting excess spending. Objective To quantify differences in total Medicare spending among older adults with disability by whether they experience negative consequences due to inadequate support with household activities, mobility, or self-care. Design Observational study of in-person interviews and linked Medicare claims. Setting United States, 2015. Participants 3716 community-living older adults who participated in the 2015 NHATS (National Health and Aging Trends Study) and survived for 12 months. Measurements Total Medicare spending by spending quartile in multivariable regression models that adjusted for individual characteristics. Results Negative consequences were experienced by 18.3% of participants with disability in household activities, 25.6% with mobility disability, and 20.0% with self-care disability. Median Medicare spending was higher for those who experienced negative consequences due to household ($4866 vs. $4095), mobility ($7266 vs. $4115), and self-care ($10 935 vs. $4436) disability versus those who did not. In regression-adjusted analyses, median spending did not differ appreciably for participants who experienced negative consequences in household activities ($338 [95% CI, -$768 to $1444]), but was higher for those with mobility ($2309 [CI, $208 to $4409]) and self-care ($3187 [CI, $432 to $5942]) disability. In the bottom-spending quartile, differences were observed for self-care only ($1460 [CI, $358 to $2561]). No differences were observed in the top quartile. Limitation This observational study could not establish causality. Conclusion Inadequate support for mobility and self-care is associated with higher Medicare spending, especially in the middle and lower ends of the spending distribution. Better support for the care needs of older adults with disability could offset some Medicare spending. Primary funding source The Commonwealth Fund.
The Gombe Skeletal Sample and Case Studies

Jane Goodall and her colleagues have studied wild chimpanzees at Gombe National Park in Tanzania since 1960. During the study period, efforts were made to preserve the skeletons of animals who died. This chapter describes the Gombe chimpanzee skeletal collection, including demographics of the sample and individual descriptions. The sample represents 49 chimpanzees who died between 1960 and 2008. Methods for preserving the skeletons as well as for macroscopic evaluation of the skeletal elements are described. This chapter also includes observations on dental eruption, epiphyseal fusion, and cranial suture closure as well as summary data on dominance rank and a discussion of the importance of dominance rank in chimpanzee social life and life history. The majority of the chapter consists in descriptions of the skeletal elements associated with each animal, and any lesions of particular interest. These are presented as brief case studies that incorporate life history data from the behavioral record from Gombe.
Dynamic re-weighting of acoustic and contextual cues in spoken word recognition

Listeners integrate acoustic and contextual cues during word recognition. However, experiments investigating this integration disrupt natural cue correlations. It was investigated whether changes in correlational structure affect listeners' relative cue weightings. Two groups of participants engaged in a word recognition task. In one group, acoustic (voice onset time) and contextual (lexical bias) cues followed natural correlations; in the other, cues were uncorrelated. When cues were correlated, cue weights were stable throughout the experiment; when cues were uncorrelated, contextual cues were down-weighted. Listeners thus can re-weight cues based on their statistical structure. Studies failing to account for re-weighting risk over/under-estimating cue importance.
379 The effect of early postoperative urinary catheter removal on patient satisfaction in gynecologic oncology

Objectives Patient satisfaction is an important aspect of quality health care. A urinary catheter is routinely maintained for the first night following major surgery on a gynecologic oncology service. However, urinary catheters are a potential source of patient dissatisfaction. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort QA study of 111 patients undergoing major surgery on a gynecologic oncology service between 2016–2018. In the first cohort, the urinary catheters were removed at 6 AM on postoperative (POD) day # 1. In the second cohort, the catheters were removed 4 hours after surgery. In both cohorts, a satisfaction survey was collected in the afternoon on POD # 1. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with several secondary clinical outcomes. Results Thirty-three patients (29.7%) were excluded due to postoperative concerns, including hemodynamic instability and necessity for prolonged urinary catheterization. The majority of patients described their hospital experience as good or excellent (Cohort 1: 30/32, 93.8% vs. Cohort 2: 28/30, 93.3%). Overall, only a single patient (in Cohort 1) experienced acute urinary retention requiring urinary catheter replacement. There were no significant differences in the duration of hospital stay, frequency of urinary tract infections, and hospital readmissions. In Cohort 1, 97.7% of patients ambulated by noon on POD # 1, while 91.2% of patients in Cohort 2 ambulated by 6 AM. Conclusions Patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes with early postoperative urinary catheter removal following major surgery on a gynecologic oncology service were not inferior to routine removal the following morning. We recommend early removal unless otherwise indicated by postoperative concerns.
Movement and Home Range of the Puerto Rican Screech-Owl (Otus nudipes) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest

Home range and site fidelity of the Puerto Rican Screech-Owl (Otus nudipes) were examined in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. Two individuals, one adult and one juvenile, were radio-tagged and tracked for several weeks during the rainy season in the summer of 1989. Owls exhibited a persistent tenacity for one relatively small foraging area, in which they also roosted during the day. Although the home ranges of both individuals were located in close proximity to each other, little overlap occurred. These owls had home ranges considerably smaller (by a factor of 10 or more) when compared to other similarly sized owls in temperate zones. RESUMEN. - El ambito nativo y la fidelidad de habitaculo de mucaro de Puerto Rico (Otus nudipes) fueron examinados en el Bosque Experimental de Luquillo, Puerto Rico. Dos individuos, un adulto y un juvenil, fueron equipados con radiotransmisores y restreados por varias semanas durante la estacion lluviosa en el verano de 1989. Aunque los ambitos de los dos individuos estaban situados muy cerca uno del otro, hubo poco solapamiento. Los ambitos nativos de estos buhos son considerablemente mas pequenos (por un factor de 100 mas) que los de otros buhos de tamano similar en zonas templadas.
Exercise, Sleep, and Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract There is a complex relationship between sleep, exercise, and glucose control in people with type 1 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce sufficient insulin to maintain energy balance and maintain normal glucose levels. They require exogenous insulin to be delivered either through a needle injection, a pump, or more recently through automated insulin delivery or the so-called artificial pancreas. Sleep is known to impact insulin sensitivity. Shorter duration sleep is known to cause insulin resistance on days following restricted sleep and impact counterregulatory hormones released by the body in response to hypoglycemia episodes. Exercise can further complicate the problem as exercise also impacts insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization. People with type 1 diabetes tend to sleep less than people without diabetes and have a high incidence of sleep-related disorders including obstructive sleep apnea. People with type 1 diabetes also find exercise challenging because of the risk of acute and longer term hypoglycemia. This chapter will explore the relationship of sleep, exercise, and type 1 diabetes and provide ideas on how future automated glucose management systems may better integrate exercise and sleep metrics.
The evolution of total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of thin films and interfaces

Total internal reflection (TIR) optical spectroscopies have been widely used for decades as non-destructive and surface-sensitive measurements of thin films and interfaces. Under TIR conditions, an evanescent wave propagates into the sample layer within a region approximately 50 nm to 2 μm from the interface, which limits the spatial extent of the optical signal. The most common TIR optical spectroscopies are fluorescence (i.e., TIRF) and infrared spectroscopy (i.e., attenuated total reflection infrared). Despite the first report of TIR Raman spectroscopy appearing in 1973, this method has not received the same attention to date. While TIR Raman methods can provide chemical specific information, it has been outshined in many respects by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). TIR Raman spectroscopy, however, is garnering more interest for analyzing the chemical and physical properties of thin polymer films, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), multilayered systems, and adsorption at an interface. Herein, we discuss the early experimental and computational work that laid the foundation for recent developments in the use of TIR Raman techniques. Recent applications of TIR Raman spectroscopy as well as modern TIR Raman instruments capable of measuring monolayer-sensitive vibrational modes on smooth metallic surfaces are also discussed. The use of TIR Raman spectroscopy has been on a rise and will continue to push the limits for chemical specific interfacial and thin film measurements.
Personality, Social Activities, Job-Search Behavior and Interview Success: Distinguishing Between PANAS Trait Positive Affect and NEO Extraversion

Past research has found that trait positive affect as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and extraversion as measured by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) are highly correlated. We examined the relation between these two measures within the context of three social behaviors. Approximately 4 months before graduation, college seniors entering the job market completed the PANAS and the NEO-FFI and reported on their social activities during college. Three months later, these students were contacted again and described their job search strategies and success at obtaining follow-up job interviews. Trait positive affect scores and extraversion scores were highly correlated and both predicted behavior in each of the three areas investigated. Regression analyses indicated that trait positive affect predicted behavior in all three areas after the effects of extraversion were removed. However, extraversion did not add significantly to predicting behavior in any of the three areas after the effects of trait positive affect were removed. The findings have implications for the conceptual relation between extraversion and trait positive affect.
Historicizing the smart cities: Genealogy as a method of critique for smart urbanism

Abstract This study explores the utility of genealogy as a method of critiquing the history of the present in the smart cities. Taking a South Korean smart city of Songdo as a point of departure, this paper offers a genealogical understanding of a smart city that situates the current technics and technologies of data-driven urban governance within the broader context of South Korean history. Given the scarcity of a historically informed understanding of a smart city in the existing literatures on smart urbanism, this paper argues that a genealogical method helps us to counter the sweeping binarism that obscures the complexity and diversity of actually existing smart cities today. Through genealogy, this study underscores the multifaceted nature of the smart city, which consists of a combination of multiple urban diagrams that grows out of distinct problems and objectives of urban management – mobility, security, environment, and futurity. This paper illustrates how a smart city emerged out of multiple strings of history and problematizations that are contingently interweaved at a given time and space in multiple and diffused forms.
Non-covalent assembly of proton donors and p-benzoquinone anions for co-electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen.

The two-electron and two-proton p-hydroquinone/p-benzoquinone (H2Q/BQ) redox couple has mechanistic parallels to the function of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain. This proton-dependent redox behavior has shown applicability in catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions, redox flow batteries, and co-electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. Under nominally aprotic conditions in non-aqueous solvents, BQ can be reduced by up to two electrons in separate electrochemically reversible reactions. With weak acids (AH) at high concentrations, potential inversion can occur due to favorable hydrogen-bonding interactions with the intermediate monoanion [BQ(AH)m]˙−. The solvation shell created by these interactions can mediate a second one-electron reduction coupled to proton transfer at more positive potentials ([BQ(AH)m]˙− + nAH + e− ⇌ [HQ(AH)(m+n)−1(A)]2−), resulting in an overall two electron reduction at a single potential at intermediate acid concentrations. Here we show that hydrogen-bonded adducts of reduced quinones and the proton donor 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEOH) can mediate the transfer of electrons to a Mn-based complex during the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen (O2). The Mn electrocatalyst is selective for H2O2 with only TFEOH and O2 present, however, with BQ present under sufficient concentrations of TFEOH, an electrogenerated [H2Q(AH)3(A)2]2− adduct (where AH = TFEOH) alters product selectivity to 96(±0.5)% H2O in a co-electrocatalytic fashion. These results suggest that hydrogen-bonded quinone anions can function in an analogous co-electrocatalytic manner to H2Q.
Leptotrichia species isolated from a chronic recurrent corneal ulcer.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of recurrent corneal ulcer caused by an oropharyngeal cavity pathogen. Observations A patient presented with recurrent corneal ulcers with hypopyon. Leptotrichia species was eventually isolated from the corneal ulcer on bacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after many negative bacterial culture attempts. Due to correct identification of the pathogen, it was discovered that the patient was exposing her eye to saliva. Modification of patient behavior and initiation of the appropriate antibacterial treatment resulted in resolution of recurrent episodes of active infection. Conclusions Although Leptotrichia species are not typically ocular pathogens, they can become pathogenic in the cornea with direct transmission from the oral cavity to the eye.
Family matters for coronavirus disease and vaccines.

The increasing frequency of pathogenic coronaviruses in the human population has raised public health concerns about possible future pandemics. It is critical to understand whether immune responses to the current circulating coronaviruses provide protection against related viruses or those that may emerge in the future. In this issue of the JCI, Dangi, Palacio, et al. detail the extent of coronavirus cross-protection following both vaccination and natural infection and ultimately use murine models to highlight the mechanism behind this heterotypic immunity. This study provides insight into the possibility of a pan-coronavirus vaccine that could protect humans against future coronavirus outbreaks.
Surface Interpolation Using Wavelets

Extremely efficient surface interpolation can be obtained by use of a wavelet transform. This can be accomplished using biologicallyplausible filters, requires only O(n) computer operations, and often only a single iteration is required.
Saturn V Derivatives

Family concept of Saturn 5 derivative launch vehicle systems noting performance capabilities in orbital and high energy missions at miminum cost
Hepatic tyrosine transaminase rhythm: interaction of environmental lighting, food consumption and dietary protein content.

Hepatic tyrosine transaminase rhythm in rats under various conditions of lighting, food consumption and dietary protein content
FSS embedded microwave absorber with carbon fiber composite

The design and experimental evaluation of microwave absorbers with frequency selective surface (FSS) embedded in impedance-graded carbon fiber (CF) composite is presented. Samples with different FSS patterns embedded in CF composites are fabricated and experiments carried out to find out the effects of embedded FSSs. It is found that both the FSS pattern and its location in the composite are critical for the reflection property of the sample. The results were compared with that the theoretical predictions using a micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) and are in good agreement.
Liberalización comercial y desempeño económico en países en vías de desarrollo: una revisión de la literatura

El articulo analiza las diferentes perspectivas, tanto teoricas como empiricas, que han sido desarrolladas para estudiar los episodios de liberalizacion comercial. La seccion 2 presenta las diferentes definiciones de politica comercial ye indices de liberalizacion comercial. La seccion 3 discute los principales estudios que analizan la relacion entre la liberalizacion comercial y el crecimiento economico. Las conclusiones generales son presentadas en la seccion 4.
Identifying a set that contains the best dynamic treatment regimes

A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is a treatment design that seeks to accommodate patient heterogeneity in response to treatment. DTRs can be operationalized by a sequence of decision rules that map patient information to treatment options at specific decision points. The sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) is a trial design that was developed specifically for the purpose of obtaining data that informs the construction of good (i.e. efficacious) decision rules. One of the scientific questions motivating a SMART concerns the comparison of multiple DTRs that are embedded in the design. Typical approaches for identifying the best DTRs involve all possible comparisons between DTRs that are embedded in a SMART, at the cost of greatly reduced power to the extent that the number of embedded DTRs (EDTRs) increase. Here, we propose a method that will enable investigators to use SMART study data more efficiently to identify the set that contains the most efficacious EDTRs. Our method ensures that the true best EDTRs are included in this set with at least a given probability. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the proposed method, and the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone SMART study data are analyzed to illustrate its application.
Mutational Specificity of Ultraviolet Light in ESCHERICHIA COLI with and without the R Plasmid Pkm101

Plasmid pKM101 provides UV protection and increases the frequency of spontaneous and UV-induced mutations in Escherichia coli. By analyzing reversion patterns of defined trpA alleles, we showed that pKM101 altered the mutational specificity of UV-induced mutations. Certain UV-induced base-pair substitutions were strongly enhanced, while others were decreased in frequency in the presence of pKM101. This result suggests an interaction between cellular misrepair and an error-prone repair function(s) provided by pKM101. We have also examined UV mutational specificity in the absence of pKM101 and found the following: (1) UV preferentially enhances missense, as well as nonsense, intergenic suppressor mutations; (2) UV causes all possible base-pair substitutions as well as frameshift mutations; (3) G·C base pairs are more susceptible to UV mutagenesis than A·T base pairs at the same nucleotide positions; and (4) UV-induced mutations can occur at nucleotide positions that are not part of pyrimidine-pyrimidine sequences.
Live-Bird Market Closure Activities in the Northeastern United States

Over the last 10 years, low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses have been isolated from the live-bird markets (LBMs) of the Northeast. Despite educational efforts, surveillance, and increased state regulatory efforts, the number of positive markets has persisted and increased. In an effort to address the continued levels of LPAI in the retail LBM and address the question of persistence and circulation of the virus within the LBM system itself, these markets were closed for a continuous 3-day period. This effort was a cooperative effort between the State Departments of Agriculture and coordinated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and led to the first successful system-wide closure of the retail LBMs in the Northeast.
Defining excess resource utilization and identifying associated factors for trauma victims.

BACKGROUND: Trauma system evaluation addresses aspects of the process, structure, and outcomes of trauma care. This approach may not identify all opportunities for trauma system improvement. Hospital length of stay (LOS) represents a meaningful measure of resource utilization and may help focus efforts to improve care. The purpose of this study is to estimate expected hospital LOS after trauma and determine the consequences of excessive LOS. METHODS: Patients admitted during a 2-year period (January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1994) were retrospectively reviewed, and expected LOS was estimated. Excess LOS was defined as an observed LOS > or =100% of expected. Injuries, complications, and American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma audit filters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Observed LOS exceeded expected by 100% or more for 568 of 5,226 patients (10.9%), and most survived (98.3%). Complications predicted excess LOS, whereas audit filters did not. Median costs for these 568 patients were $30,315 and totaled 30% of the expenditures for the entire cohort of 5,226 patients. CONCLUSION: Prolonged LOS represents an adverse outcome. Estimation of LOS and evaluation of outliers represents an important method for the evaluation of care within established trauma systems and centers. Language: en
Orthogonal Space-Time Block-Differential Modulation over Underwater Acoustic Channels

Underwater acoustic communications (UAC) channels are well known to be bandlimited due to the low acoustic carrier frequency. In terrestrial communications, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) schemes have long been proved to provide improved capacity without bandwidth expansion. However, the application of these MIMO designs, especially coherent ones, is challenging since UAC channels are spreading in both the time delay domain and the frequency domain. In such extremely bandlimited and doubly-selective channel conditions, the pilots necessary for accurate channel estimation can considerably reduce the bandwidth efficiency of the system. To avoid such problems, we propose a differential MIMO scheme for doubly-selective UAC channels. Our approach is based on orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC), but bypasses channel estimation. As a result, not only a higher bandwidth efficiency is preserved, but also the processing complexity at the receiver is reduced. We adopt the basis expansion model (BEM) to model the doubly-selective channels. Both analytical and numerical results show that our approach can collect full 3-dimensional diversity: space, Doppler and multipath. The results are verified over both the generated channels using Jakes' model and the estimated channels from a real underwater experiment.
Novel chiral water soluble phosphines I. Preparation and characterization of amine functionalized DIOP, Chiraphos, and BDPP derivatives and quaternization of their rhodium complexes

Abstract Synthetic details for the preparation of tetra-amine functionalized derivatives of the ligands BDPP, Chiraphos, and DIOP (2,4-bis(-bis(-p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphino)pentane; 2,3-bis(-bis(-p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-phosphino)butane; and 2,3-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(-bis(-p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphino)butane; respectively). The ligands are conveniently quaternized in their rhodium diene complexes with (CH 3 ) 3 OBF 4 . Both the methyl quaternized and proton quaternized versions of the rhodium complexes have unlimited water solubility.
An Axial Representation of Community Mental Health Nursing Diagnoses of a Country at War: El Salvador

This paper explores the impact of a workshop on the formulation of community mental health diagnoses in El Salvador. The author taught the process of diagnosis from the NANDA framework and explored diagnostic decision making through Caplan's Crisis Model. An epidemiologic framework was also incorporated in the diagnostic process so that host, agent, and environment could be scrutinized. The workshop resulted in the formulation of three universal community mental health diagnoses for this (then) war-torn country: depression, aggression, and anxiety; the development of a proposal for the implementation of mental health services; and an invitation to explore implementation of community mental health care services in five rural communities in El Salvador. Although the politics of El Salvador have changed, this example is typical of many Third-World and war-torn countries.