cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Pediatric Home Hospital Care.

Pediatric inpatient hospitalization can be lifesaving; yet it also can be costly and fraught with nosocomial risks. As of 2014, health care–related injury, morbidity, disability, or death occurs to 1 in 50 hospitalized children in the United States.1 Some patients are admitted for common illnesses, yet their stay is prolonged by hospital-acquired infection, procedure-related complications, or other detrimental sequelae. As US hospital inpatient and observation units overflow with admissions, a new paradigm is needed to safely transition select lower-acuity cases to the patient’s home. Pediatric home health care in the United States now primarily serves patients with chronic medical needs and those transitioning from hospital to home. Yet a new model can emerge as technology advances whereby children with certain acute illnesses are “admitted home” from the emergency department or outpatient center, with daily direct visits by mobile hospitalists and nurses and telemedicine monitoring as needed. Hospital-comparable services at home could include supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids or medications, nebulized medications, and select laboratory tests. Pilot programs can target uncomplicated cases of bronchiolitis, wheezing, pneumonia, dehydration, and cellulitis that otherwise would require observation or lower-acuity inpatient care. These 5 diagnoses alone constituted 20% of the ∼2 million US pediatric inpatient hospitalizations in 2012.2 If one-fourth of this cohort met “home hospital” inclusion criteria, 5% of pediatric hospitalizations, or 100 000 children nationwide, could benefit from … Address correspondence to Julia Pian, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: julia_pian{at}hms.harvard.edu
A Modern Assessment of Cancer Risk in Adrenal Incidentalomas: Analysis of 2219 Patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of and risk factors for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in adrenal incidentaloma (AI). Summary of background data AI guidelines are based on data obtained with old-generation imaging and predominantly use tumor size to stratify risk for ACC. There is a need to analyze the incidence and risk factors from a contemporary series. Methods This is a retrospective review of 2219 AIs that were either surgically removed or nonoperatively monitored for ≥12 months between 2000 and 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to define risk factors. ROC curves constructed to determine optimal size and attenuation cut-offs for ACC. Results 16.8% of AIs underwent upfront surgery and rest initial nonoperative management. Of conservatively managed patients, an additional 7.7% subsequently required adrenalectomy. Overall, ACC incidence in AI was 1.7%. ACC rates by size were 0.1%, 2.4%, and 19.5% for AIs of 6 cm, respectively. The optimal size cut-off for ACC in AI was 4.6 cm. ACC risks by Hounsfield density were 0%, 0.5%, and 6.3% for lesions of 20 HU, with an optimal cut-off of 20 HU to diagnose ACC. 15.5% of all AIs and 19.2% of ACCs were hormonally active. Male sex, large tumor size, high Hounsfield density, and >0.6 cm/year growth were independent risk factors for ACC. Conclusion This contemporary analysis demonstrates that ACC risk per size in AI is less than previously reported. Given these findings, modern management of AIs should not be based just on size, but a combination of thorough hormonal evaluation and imaging characteristics.
Machine learning-based accelerated property prediction of two-phase materials using microstructural descriptors and finite element analysis

Abstract This study explores the use of supervised machine learning (ML) to predict the mechanical properties of a family of two-phase materials using their microstructural images. Random two-phase microstructures with a diversity of inclusion volume fractions, size distributions, and/or shapes are input into a finite element analysis program to determine the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and phase stresses. The finite element analysis results establish the “ground truth” to train the supervised ML models. Two-point correlation (TPC) functions and principal component (PC) analysis are applied to the microstructures before training and testing the artificial neural network (ANN) and forest ensemble MLs. The chosen ML methods are found to accurately predict the homogenized elastic properties. Although the PCs for each set of microstructures are unique, recognizable patterns are detected that signify microstructural features that are key to microstructure-based property prediction. This work enables the development of ML algorithms to predict the mechanical properties of complex, multi-phase microstructural composites, based on microstructural images.
Queer Rattling: The Postcolony and Blasphemous Displacements

This chapter takes on the analysis of Karmen Gei and the context of the postcolony to leverage a critique of not just homophobia, but of specific modes of queer presentation that are equally problematic also. Counterintuitively, the chapter shows how queerness works paradoxically and with strange bedfellows. Religion in general, and the Catholic Church in particular, is cast in new lights that show openness to fulfilling its highest call to serve and love humanity first.
Systematic Study of Grounded N-Well Latchup in 55nm Technology

Latchup behavior in parasitic SCR detector structures with grounded N-Well (GNW) were studied, wherein GNW implies N-Wells biased at 0 V. The impact of design parameters such as injector to detector spacing, GNW to nearby Nwell (of a PMOS) distance, and guard ring combinations on latchup robustness are discussed.
A game theory model of terrorist mobilization: the effects of repressive and accommodative counterterrorism and club goods on terrorist decision making

This study proposes a new theoretical model of the decision-making process that mobilizes individuals to engage in terrorism. The model accounts for the effects of a state’s ability to retain power...
A Geographical Perspective on the Territorial Conflict in the East China Sea: The Implications for International Political Relations between China and Japan

China and Japan are engaged in a territorial dispute in the East China Sea. Sovereignty over a tiny islet, and more importantly, access to substantial hydrocarbon resources are the crux of the dispute. This territorial conflict has broad implications for both China and Japan, and involves a number of complex issues. The objective of this paper is to understand the historical, economic and political factors of this situation, as well as to uncover the elements of the solution, which are contained in the problem. A thorough investigation of the literature on the dispute reveals there is significant potential for the situation to greatly improve or drastically deteriorate. Measures taken by the governments of China and Japan often point toward cooperation, however these are frequently dislodged by an inability to compromise. There are concrete ways in which the two nations are cooperating in the East China Sea, however as of now, these have not extended to resolving the territorial dispute. The two nations must find solutions that address their mutual and distinct interests, which can only occur through compromise. Both nations must also take a more conciliatory approach to resolving the dispute for an equitable resolution to be reached.
Functional circuitry of the retinal ganglion cell's nonlinear receptive field.

A retinal ganglion cell commonly expresses two spatially overlapping receptive field mechanisms. One is the familiar “center/ surround,” which sums excitation and inhibition across a region somewhat broader than the ganglion cell’s dendritic field. This mechanism responds to a drifting grating by modulating firing at the drift frequency (linear response). Less familiar is the “nonlinear” mechanism, which sums the rectified output of many small subunits that extend for millimeters beyond the dendritic field. This mechanism responds to a contrastreversing grating by modulating firing at twice the reversal frequency (nonlinear response). We investigated this nonlinear mechanism by presenting visual stimuli to the intact guinea pig retina in vitro while recording intracellularly from large brisk and sluggish ganglion cells. A contrast-reversing grating modulated the membrane potential (in addition to the firing rate) at twice the reversal frequency. This response was initially hyperpolarizing for some cells (either ON or OFF center) and initially depolarizing for others. Experiments in which responses to bars were summed in-phase or out-of-phase suggested that the single class of bipolar cells (either ON or OFF) that drives the center/surround response also drives the nonlinear response. Consistent with this, nonlinear responses persisted in OFF ganglion cells when ON bipolar cell responses were blocked by L-AP-4. Nonlinear responses evoked from millimeters beyond the ganglion cell were eliminated by tetrodotoxin. Thus, to relay the response from distant regions of the receptive field requires a spiking interneuron. Nonlinear responses from different regions of the receptive field added linearly.
Allosteric mechanisms of G protein-Coupled Receptor signaling: a structural perspective.

G protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) use a complex series of intramolecular conformational changes to couple agonist binding to the binding and activation of cognate heterotrimeric G protein (Gαβγ). The mechanisms underlying this long-range activation have been identified using a variety of biochemical and structural approaches and have primarily used visual signal transduction via the GPCR rhodopsin and cognate heterotrimeric G protein transducin (Gt) as a model system. In this chapter, we will review the methods that have revealed allosteric signaling through rhodopsin and transducin. These methods can be applied to a variety of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways.
Angular tracking of 3D scattering center using an optical flow algorithm

In radar cross section studies it is well known that the EM scattered field from an electrically large target can often be well modeled as if it is emanating from a discrete set of points on the target called scattering centers. In this paper, we presented an algorithm to perform angular tracking of 3D scattering centers extracted using the SBR (shooting and bouncing ray) technique. The angular tracking algorithm used the optical flow based velocity fields in conjunction with the other attributes available during the 3D extractions to determine angular associations. The feature tracks can then be grown from these associations. Preliminary results on simple targets shows that this methodology works well. This algorithm can also be extended to track limited angular occlusion of features
Neutralization of β-Lysin and Cationic Bactericidal Agents by Acidic Phospholipid

Acidic phospholipids neutralized the antistaphylococcal activity of rabbit, human, and rat serum and purified rabbit β-lysin as well. Several tissue bactericidal factors and cationic antibiotics were also neutralized. The neutralizing ability of all anionic lipids tested, together with the lack of this ability for the electrostatically neutral phosphatidylcholine, suggested that neutralization resulted from formation of electrostatic complexes between negative charges on the lipids and positive charges on the bactericidal substances. The neutralization of these host defense systems by phospholipids can explain the ability of phospholipids to increase bacterial virulence.
The lipid accumulation product is better than BMI for identifying diabetes: a population-based comparison.

Gaining weight is associated with diabetes risk (1–3). It may be, however, that gaining lipid is associated more specifically with the development of insulin resistance, pancreatic exhaustion, and diabetes. According to a current pathophysiological model, when available fuels exceed the adipose tissue’s capacity for buffering and safe storage, lipid will be ectopically deposited in nonadipose tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle, and the pancreatic β-cell (4–6). These ectopic lipid deposits are associated with lipotoxicities that in turn lead to insulin resistance and the eventual decline of β-cell function (7, 8). To simplify the recognition of lipid overaccumulation, researchers have devised dichotomous risk markers based on waist circumference and fasting triglyceride concentration (9–11). However, lipid accumulation, like body weight, may not be adequately described by a dichotomous index. This report explores whether a continuous “lipid accumulation product” (LAP) performs better than the continuous BMI (in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) for identifying adults with insulin resistance, elevated glucose, and diabetes. The LAP was developed from population-based frequency plots of adult waist circumferences and circulating triglyceride concentrations (10, 12). With aging, the waist circumference increasingly moves away from its minimal adult value (empirically 65 cm for men and 58 cm for women) …
The Geography of US Union Elections 4: Patterns of Close Elections and Determinants of the Margins of Victory and Loss (the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union and the United Auto Workers Union, 1970–82)

Patterns of close union representation elections and the determinants of the margins of victory and loss are the topics of this paper. The importance of close elections for management, unions, and the National Labor Relations Board is emphasized. Likely union and management strategies for contesting close elections are noted, as is the significance of these elections in relation to the changing political and institutional environment of US labor relations. Empirically, a set of structural and contextual variables are used to discriminate between close and nonclose elections. The determinants of close elections are analyzed through a set of regression models, using as dependent variables the margins of victory and loss. Data on close elections are developed from the electoral performance of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers union and the United Auto Workers union over the period 1970–82. Implications of these results are considered for the role of the National Labor Relations Board and th...
Performance of a longitudinally-segmented CsI(T1) array suitable for a detector in a low or medium energy e+e− storage ring

Abstract We present results on energy resolution and linearity, and position resolution, from a test of an array of CsI(T1) crystals in a π/e/μ beam (120 to 400 MeV) at TRIUMF. The crystal array was designed to study the effects of longitudinal and transverse crystal segmentation on energy and position resolution and background rejection. We also studied the feasibility of a wavelength-shifter and multi-photodiode readout system, suitable for use in magnetic detectors at low and medium energy, high-luminosity e+e− storage rings. Energy resolutions of (1.69±0.08)% √E( GeV ) and (1.83±0.05)% √E( GeV ) were obtained for two different crystal tower configurations. Position resolution of 6.5 (9.0) mm was obtained at 300 (120) MeV for a 2 × 2 square array of four 4 × 4 × 7.4 cm3 crystals transverse to the beam.
Spinal fluid CRF reduction in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Abnormalities in several neurotransmitters, including neuropeptides, have been found in postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was found to be diminished in cerebral cortex. In this study spinal fluid CRF-immunoreactivity (CRF-I) was determined in 16 patients with mild to moderate AD and 9 age-matched controls. Mean CRF-I levels were significantly lower in Alzheimer patients compared with controls. Furthermore, a tendency for a CRF-I increment with successive spinal fluid aliquots in control subjects was absent in Alzheimer patients. CRF-I levels failed to correlate with measures of disease severity or various tests of cognitive function. These results suggest that involvement of CRF containing neurons may play a secondary rather than primary role in the pathophysiology of AD.
Top‐down driven architecture design

Argues that senior management must be involved in the IT architecture process in a directly participatory manner. Describes the process of executive architecture design, complete with the essential components of both top‐down and bottom‐up driven architecture. Describes the characteristics of five levels of maturity in the development of IT architectures, from a business competitor’s perspective.
The Hubble Constant from Type Ia Supernovae Calibrated with the Linear and Nonlinear Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relations

It is well known that the peak brightness of Type Ia supernovae calibrated with Cepheid distances can be used to determine the Hubble constant. The Cepheid distances to the host galaxies of the calibrating supernovae are usually obtained using the period-luminosity (P-L) relation derived from Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Cepheids. However, recent empirical studies provide evidence that the LMC P-L relation is not linear. Here we determine the Hubble constant using both the linear and nonlinear LMC Cepheid P-L relations as calibrating relations to four galaxies that hosted Type Ia supernovae. Our results suggest that the obtained values of the Hubble constant are similar. However, a typical error of ~0.03 mag has to be added (in quadrature) to the systematic error for the Hubble constant when the linear LMC P-L relation is used, assuming that the LMC P-L relation is indeed nonlinear. This is important to minimize the total error on the Hubble constant in the era of precision cosmology. The Hubble constants calibrated from the linear and nonlinear LMC P-L relations are H0 = 74.92 ± 2.28 (random) ± 5.06 (systematic) km s-1 Mpc-1 and H0 = 74.37 ± 2.27 (random) ± 4.92 (systematic) km s-1 Mpc-1, respectively. Hubble constants calculated using the Galactic P-L relation are also presented and briefly discussed.
Photo induced hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of EDTA and a PtTiO2 supported catalyst

A flow reaction system was developed to study the steady state kinetics of hydrogen evolution in the presence of Ru(bipy)2+, MV+2, EDTA and a heterogeneous supported catalyst. Under the conditions used, steady state rates similar to those previously reported with colloidal Pt particles were attained. Furthermore, over much of the range of concentrations used, the reaction was zero order and it did not exhibit an Arrhenius behavior. Examination of the various rate determining steps involved led us to conclude that surface processes such as the recombination and desorption of hydrogen from the Pt surface might be rate determining.
Enhancing Practitioner Knowledge Through a Unique Abstracting Format Used With Research on Social Work Practice Journal Articles

In an effort to bridge the long-standing schism between social work researchers and practitioners, Research on Social Work Practice (RSWP) presents an additional structured abstract for inclusion in their published articles called the practitioner knowledge abstract (PKA). Its conceptualization and rationale are presented, as are some case examples. Its intent is to assist in disseminating empirical knowledge in nonthreatening ways to our practitioners, who are the very persons most likely to use and implement such information. This concept was developed by the author with the full endorsement of the editor and editorial board of RSWP. The journal felt the need to respond to current publication concerns voiced about the standards, review practices, scholarship, editorial processes, and readership of our professional social work journals. It is hoped that other core journals in the profession follow suit, if this idea is amenable to their mandates.
c-Myc and β-catenin cooperate with loss of p53 to generate multiple members of the primitive neuroectodermal tumor family in mice

c-Myc and β-catenin cooperate with loss of p53 to generate multiple members of the primitive neuroectodermal tumor family in mice
Hydrology and nutrient gradients in North Carolina peatlands

Soil chemistry and hydrology gradients are closely associated with and have often been cited as the causative agents for changes in wetland plant community composition. We analyzed the biogeochemistry and hydrology of three freshwater peatland communities on the North Carolina Coastal Plain—short pocosins, tall pocosins, and gum swamps. We compare this community gradient to the classical bog-fen gradient of northern peatlands. Short pocosins, in the ombrotrophic center of the raised bog complex, have the highest summer water table, with a large part of the peat profile remaining anaerobic throughout the year. They are highly nutrient-deficient with low levels of total and extractable P, N, and basic cations. They additionally have the greatest peat depth, with an organic matter content of ca. 95%. Tall pocosins have a highly seasonal water table, shallower peat depth, low soil nutrient levels, and an average soil organic matter content from 76 to 93% in the top 30 cm. Gum swamp forests have a highly seasonal water table and the shallowest peat depth. They are the most minerotrophic community, based on low organic matter and high N and P content of the soil, but have low levels of exchangeable Ca and Mg and low percent base saturation. All communities had low soil pH (<4). Short pocosins and tall pocosins were effectively differentiated by seasonal hydrology and peat depth but not by soil characteristics, while the pocosins and swamp forest had large differences in seasonal hydrology, peat depth, percent organic matter, and soil nutrients.
A tensor decomposition approach to high dimensional stationary Fokker-Planck equations

This paper addresses the curse of dimensionality in the numerical solution of stationary Fokker-Planck equa- tions. Combined with Chebyshev spectral differentiation, the tensor approach significantly reduces the degrees of freedom of the approximation essentially in exchange for nonlinearity, such that the resulting discretized nonlinear system is solved by alternating least squares. Enforcement of the normality condition via a penalty method avoids the need for exploration of the the null space of the discretized Fokker-Planck operator. The proposed method enables a drastic reduction of degrees of freedom required to maintain accuracy as dimensionality increases. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. I. INTRODUCTION
On the non-existence of certain group topologies

Minimal Hausdorff (Baire) group topologies of certain groups of transformations naturally occurring in analysis are studied. The results obtained are subsequently applied to show that, e.g., the homeomorphism groups of the rational and of the irrational numbers carry no Polish group topology. In answer to a question of A.S. Kechris it is shown that that the group of Borel automorphisms of R cannot be a Polish group either.
Linking addictions to everyday habits and plans

Redish et al. trace vulnerabilities in habit and planning systems almost exclusively to pharmacological effects of addictive substances on underlying brain systems. As we discuss, however, these systems also can be disrupted by purely psychological factors inherent in normal decision-making and everyday behavior. A truly unified model must integrate the contribution of both sets of factors in driving addiction.
Bounds on Texture Coefficients

The orientation distribution function (ODF) is expanded in terms of generalized spherical harmonics and bounds on the resulting texture coefficients are derived. A necessary and sufficient condition for satisfaction of the normalization property of the ODF is also provided. These results are of significance in. for example, microstructural optimization of materials and predicting texture coefficients based on wave velocity measurements.
From Phase diagrams to Quantum Simulations with Neutral Atoms

Optical lattice based neutral atoms systems can engineer or simulate various iconic condensed matter Hamiltonians. I will review recent progress on the phase diagrams of one and two component mixtures in optical lattices.
Controlling the Cellular Uptake of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic micellar surfactant used in nanorod synthesis, were rapidly and irreversibly internalized by KB cells via a nonspecific uptake mechanism. Internalized nanorods near the cell surface were monitored by two-photon luminescence (TPL) microscopy and observed to migrate toward the nucleus with a quadratic rate of diffusion. The internalized nanorods were not excreted but formed permanent aggregates within the cells, which remained healthy and grew to confluence over a 5-day period. Nonspecific nanorod uptake could be greatly reduced by displacing the CTAB surfactant layer with chemisorptive surfactants, particularly by the conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) chains onto nanorods using in situ dithiocarbamate formation.
Electron-stimulated desorption of positive ions from physisorbed monolayers of H2, HD, and D2 on graphite and D2 on Kr-plated graphite.

Angular distribution, time-of-flight, retarding field, and effective positive-ion cross-section measurements are presented for positive ions produced by electron-stimulated desorption from physisorbed monolayers of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, HD, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on graphite and from ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on Kr-plated graphite. The electron energy was 60--63 eV, except as noted. The angular distributions are isotropic in the range of 140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--170\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the forward direction of the normally incident electron beam. Diatomic and triatomic ions are each less than 1% of the positive ions detected; the rest are monatomic ions (${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and/or ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$). The proportion of higher energy ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ increases as the electron energy is raised above 30 eV, the threshold for dissociative ionization from the $^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{u}}^{+}$(2p\ensuremath{\sigma}) antibonding state of the diatomic positive ion. The proportion of low-energy ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ ions is larger for ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on Kr-plated graphite than for ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on bare graphite. Retarding field measurements were fit assuming one or two Gaussian components of monatomic-ion kinetic-energy distributions; the most probable monatomic-ion kinetic energies (without contact-potential corrections) were 5.7 eV for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ from ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$; 5.4 eV for ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ from ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$; 7.9 eV for ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ from HD; 2.6 eV for ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ from HD; and 1.2 eV for ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ from ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ on Kr-plated graphite. The ratio of the number of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions to the number of ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ ions from HD decreases from 3.1 to 2.9 as the coverage is increased from commensurate to incommensurate. The effective positive-ion cross sections are estimated within a factor of 2 to be 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$, 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$, and 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ ${\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$ for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, HD, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$.
The Role of Anxiety in Prostate Carcinoma A Structured Review of the Literature

Department of Medicine, Section of General In-ternal Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chi-cago, Illinois.The authors thank the following individuals whoreviewed the article and offered helpful commentsand suggestions: Greg Sachs, M.D.; Carol Stock-ing, Ph.D.; Joseph Shega, M.D.; George Loewen-stein, Ph.D.; and Walter Stadler, M.D. They alsothank three anonymous reviewers for improvingthe organization and focus of the article.Address for reprints: William Dale, M.D., Ph.D.,Department of Medicine MC6098, The Universityof Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chi-cago, IL 60637; Fax: (773) 702-1912; E-mail:wdale@medicine.bsd.uchicago.eduReceived October 21, 2004; revision receivedMarch 17, 2005; accepted March 22, 2005.Although the impact of anxiety on patients with some types of cancer is wellrecognized, to the authors knowledge its impact on patients with prostate carci-noma has not been studied as thoroughly. The authors conducted a systematicreview of the medical literature for high-quality articles that quantiﬁed anxietylevels in men with prostate carcinoma and identiﬁed 29 articles. Using the clinicaltimeline of prostate carcinoma to organize the articles, cross-sectional studies thatreﬂected anxiety prevalence in populations and longitudinal studies that reﬂectedchangesinanxietyovertimewereidentiﬁed.Anxietyappearedtoﬂuctuateovertheclinical timeline in response to stressors and uncertainty (such as at the time ofscreening and/or biopsy), rising before these times and falling afterward. Althoughanxiety levels in men age 55 years who were at risk for prostate carcinoma weremodest (10–15%), multiple studies found that these levels were substantiallyhigher in men who presented for screening ( 50%), and “seeking peace of mind”was the motivation cited most frequently for pursuing screening. Most studiesdemonstrated a signiﬁcant decrease in anxiety levels after a normal screening orbiopsy result, although the proportion of men who remained anxious afterward did
Path planners based on the wave expansion neural network

In the potential field approach to path planning, the development of the artificial potential field (APF) is a computationally intensive operation. The realization that the APFs can be developed by parallel distributed techniques has prompted interest in using neural networks for developing APFs. This paper describes a neural network called the wave expansion neural network (WENN) and shows that it is capable of developing a variety of APFs that are useful for path planning. The discretized environment including information about the target configuration (position and orientations) and the obstacles are applied to the WENN as input. Activity is then propagated in the form of waves throughout the WENN neural field and at equilibrium, the resulting neural activity distribution forms the desired APF. We analyze the computational complexity of the WENN based APF generation and compare it with conventional development of APFs. We also describe different path planners which use these APFs to plan paths for moving objects with two and three degrees of freedom.
Demoralization and social support in Soviet-Jewish immigrants to the United States

Abstract Two hundred seventy-four recent Soviet-Jewish immigrants to the Chicago area were interviewed and completed psychosocial questionnaires on migration history, social support, and demoralization. Older individuals, women and those with weak social support systems had higher demoralization scores. These data are presented in the context of the history of Soviet-Jewish immigration and recent reports of their adaptation to the United States.
Four strategies for promoting common UI guidelines within Adobe

When a single company develops multiple software applications, it can be very challengingoor downright impossibleoto create a consistent cross-product user experience: a designer may forget to follow an existing implementation, an engineer might not have an eye for layout, and a quality assurance person may have no clue what to test.To minimize these risks and increase compliance with the cross-product Common UI Guidelines, the Adobe User Interface Design Team uses a variety of techniques when documenting design decisions and promoting companywide awareness. This paper highlights our creation process and details the final results for four of our most recent innovations: a Version 1.0 Document, a Quick Reference, Report Cards, and UI Trivia contests.
CATEGORY WIDTH MD QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE1

In an effort to clarify the reported correlation between breadth of categorization and quantitative aptitude, the Pettigrew category-width task was administered along with three specially-constructed quantitative aptitude tests—one having a multiple-choice format with widely-spaced alternatives, one a multiple-choice format with narrowly-spaced alternatives, and one a free-response format. Preference for broad category widths was only marginally related to the free-response quantitative test, but was substantially related to the form with widely-spaced alternatives. The negligible correlation between category-width preferences and the narrowly-spaced quantitative form suggests that the narrow spacing penalizes the broad categorizer by disrupting the “approximation” strategy he may tend to employ on a multiple-choice quantitative test.
Some Cautions for Research on Personality and Health

This article comments on three conceptualizations of the relationship between personality and disease as they relate to the papers in this issue. Despite the sophistication and promise of recent research in this area, conceptual and methodological difficulties present in earlier psychosomatic research have persisted. In this area, robust and convincing associations between traits and disease remain largely elusive, and stable, valid measures of psychological factors are relatively rare. In addition, the mechanisms relating behavior to health are sometimes sketchy or overstated. We suggest that the most productive research strategies will focus on mechanisms linking behavior to health, rather than merely correlating traits with measures of disease. Needed are continued close attention to these pitfalls by researchers as well as the maintenance of a critical attitude by readers.
On-chip micro-power: three-dimensional structures for micro-batteries and micro-supercapacitors

With the miniaturization of portable electronic devices, there is a demand for micro-power source which can be integrated on the semiconductor chips. Various micro-batteries have been developed in recent years to generate or store the energy that is needed by microsystems. Micro-supercapacitors are also developed recently to couple with microbatteries and energy harvesting microsystems and provide the peak power. Increasing the capacity per footprint area of micro-batteries and micro-supercapacitors is a great challenge. One promising route is the manufacturing of three dimensional (3D) structures for these micro-devices. In this paper, the recent advances in fabrication of 3D structure for micro-batteries and micro-supercapacitors are briefly reviewed.
The sixteen-channel APEX constant fraction discriminator

Abstract A sixteen-channel constant fraction discriminator (CFD) has been constructed for the ATLAS Positron EXperiment (APEX). An integrated circuit, recently introduced commercially, contains all the electronic building blocks required to construct a CFD and makes it possible to fit sixteen CFD channels into a single-width CAMAC module. An important new feature is the time-to-charge converter that is part of each CFD channel. Its calibration constant is controlled via CAMAC. The time-to-charge converter allows the use of low-cost charge-sensitive analog-to-digital converters for timing measurements.
Results of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair in Cytomegalovirus Retinitis with and without Scleral Buckling

Purpose: To determine if scleral buckling is of any benefit in surgical repair of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated retinal detachment if combined with vitrectomy, silicone oil, and inferior midperipheral endolaser. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two consecutive eyes with CMV-associated retinal detachments were repaired with vitrectomy and endolaser to all breaks and to the inferior midperipheral retina using silicone oil without scleral buckling (group 1, control group) between July 1987 and May 1992. Results were compared with another series of 56 consecutive eyes undergoing vitrectomy, silicone oil injection, endolaser to all breaks, and 360° encircling scleral buckling (group 2, study group) between June 1992 and July 1993. Results: Total retinal reattachment rates were 84% for group 1 and 86% for group 2. Rates of macular reattachment were 91 % for group 1 and 91 % for group 2. Mean best postoperative refracted visual acuity was 20/66 for group 1 and 20/67 for group 2. Median best postoperative refracted visual acuity was 20/74 for group 1 and 20/80 for group 2. These differences in results between the two groups were not statistically significant. Mean postoperative refractive error was +3.95 for group 1 and +4.92 for group 2. Patients who underwent surgery with the macula attached had a better postoperative visual outcome. Conclusion: Scleral buckling may not be necessary in CMV-related retinal detachment if repaired with vitrectomy, silicone oil, and inferior midperipheral endolaser. Elimination of scleral buckling may reduce intraoperative time, patient morbidity, and the risk of an accidental needle stick. Patients with macula-on retinal detachments also should be considered for surgery before macular detachment.
Factors affecting germination of Entomophthora conidia

Abstract The effect of relative humidity, temperature, and several pesticides on germination of Entomophthora conidia was investigated. Germination of Entomophthora apiculata and Entomophthora virulenta conidia was restricted to 100% relative humidity. While Entomophthora coronata germinated at both 100% and 95% relative humidity, conidia incubated at lower humidities maintained their viability for no longer than 6 hr. Extreme temperatures of 8° and 36° C were unfavorable for germination. Insecticides did not adversely affect germination, except with E. coronata where malathion was used. The inhibitive effects of commercial fungicides on germination was also demonstrated.
The utility of infrared spectroscopy as a probe of intact tissue: determination of carbon monoxide and hemeproteins in blood and heart muscle.

Abstract Infrared methods permit detection of CO within tissue under nearly physiological conditions. The CO stretch bands exhibit frequencies, band widths and intensities characteristic of the particular binding site with areas related to concentrations. For small volumes (
CHARACTERIZATION AND STRUCTURE OF OSH(OH)(CO)(PTBU2ME)2

Abstract A synthesis of the title compound by hydrolysis of OsH(C6H5)(CO)(PtBu2Me)2 has the advantage that the product shows 1H NMR spectra free of the influence of hydrogen bonding to water impurity. In the solid state, the hydroxyl group interacts weakly with that of a neighbor. The Os–OH bond is rapidly split by H2, to give H2O and Os(H)2(H2)(CO)(PtBu2Me)2.
Dual-polarization TCDA-IB with substrate loading

Recent efforts on tightly-coupled dipole arrays (TCDA) have yielded conformal, low profile designs that demonstrate remarkable bandwidths. In [1], a TCDA with integrated balun (TCDA-IB) and substrate loading was presented. In the current paper, we extend this work to a dual-polarization TCDA that scans up to 45°. It exhibits an infinite array bandwidth of 13.5:1 (290MHz-3.9GHz) with an active VSWR 60% in all planes. The validity of the design is verified fabricating and testing an 8x8 prototype with a measured bandwidth of 11:1.
The Relationship Between HB Bart's Levels in Cord Blood and the Deletions of α-Globin Genes

A relationship between Hb Bart's levels in cord blood and the number of α-globin genes has been established by screening cord blood samples from 1,075 newborn babies. Diagnosis was made by gene mapping of DNA samples with restriction endonuclease digestion. The presence of Hb Bart's was determined with a discontinuous microelectrophoresis on cellulose acetate at pH 8.34. The establishment of this relationship allows an early diagnosis of α-thalassemia by this simple microelectrophoretic procedure.
Experimental chronic renal ischemia: Morphologic and immunologic studies

Experimental chronic renal ischemia: Morphologic and immunologic study. Although unilateral clamping of the renal artery to induce chronic ischemia of the kidney tissue has been utilized in several animal species, the resultant morphologic, ultrastructural and immunologic changes have never been well characterized. Moreover, the pathogenesis of these changes, as well as their roles in causing or facilitating the development of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis have not been known. To examine some of these issues, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral stenosis of the left main renal artery for 28 days. Stenotic and contralateral kidneys of experimental animals and kidneys from sham-operated controls were subjected to: (1) light microscopic, electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies; (2) morphometric quantitation of the structural changes; (3) staining for actin, epithelial membrane antigen, keratin, and vimentin by immuno-peroxidase technique; (4) staining for complex glycoproteins by a panel of 13 lectins; and (5) phenotyping and quantitation of the interstitial inflammatory infiltrates by monoclonal antibodies, using immunoper-oxidase technique. The results reveal that: (1) The ischemic kidney tissue displays marked tubulointerstitial damages including abundant interstitial chronic inflammatory infiltrates, with good preservation of glomerular structure, which is consistent with the standard criteria of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. (2) The antigenic profile of the ischemic tubular epithelium displayed marked alterations including a neo-expression of vimentin and keratin, as well as a loss of endogenous avidin binding activity, la antigen and several complex surface glycoproteins detectable by lectins. (3) Neither electron dense deposits nor immunoglobulins are detectable in the kidneys from experimental or control animals. (4) Tubulitis, defined as infiltration of tubular epithelium by inflammatory cells, was present in up to 42.2% of tubular cross sections of the ischemic kidneys. (5) The interstitial inflammatory infiltrates were composed of B lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, and macrophages whereas the T non-helper lymphocytes were scanty, a phenotypic pattern similar to that of several other experimental rat models of chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. It is concluded that: (1) In the Sprague-Dawley rats, ischemia alone can cause a constellation of changes fulfilling the accepted features of chronic interstitial nephritis; (2) ischemia alters the antigenic profile of the tubular epithelium and thereby may initiate a cell mediated immune response, accounting for the observed tubulitis and interstitial inflammation; and (3) ischemia may well be the final common pathway for chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis of diverse etiologies.
Simulation of two fluid and energetic particle effects in stellarators

MHD and resistive MHD are inadequate to understand the stability of stellarators properly. Ideal MHD ballooning mode theory predicts β limits substantially below the values that can be expected in experiments. Resistive MHD is even more pessimistic, predicting that many stellarators are completely unstable. Including two fluid effects, ideally and resistively stable stellarator equilibria can be obtained. It may be possible to completely stabilize ballooning modes. The two fluid computations are done with a realistic value of the Hall parameter, the ratio of the ion skin depth to the major radius. Hybrid gyrokinetic simulations with energetic particles indicate that global shear Alfven TAE modes can be more stable in stellarators than in tokamaks. Computations in a two-period compact stellarator obtained a predominantly n = 1 toroidal mode with the expected TAE frequency. The TAE modes are more stable in the two-period compact stellarator than in a tokamak with the same q and pressure profiles. The cause for the stabilization is believed to be the increased damping rate due to 3D geometry. Simulations were performed with the M3D extended MHD code.
Outage at UAA: A Week Without Critical Information Systems

With redundant hardware, it is rare that a disk failure results in downtime at the system level. System failures do sometimes occur, typically as a sequence of very rare events that leads to a catastrophic failure. This case describes how a combination of hardware and firmware failures, along with human error, led to the failure of a redundant disk storage unit, which in turn affected several enterprise systems at a major public university. Subsequently, a small number of conservative and seemingly â€œgoodâ€ decisions in the process of restoring the system from backups led to negative outcomes, primarily additional downtime over the course of several days. The case illustrates how even well-considered and conservative decisions may seem flawed in hindsight. An important lesson from the case is that it is difficult to justify to management the provision of sufficient backup resources to prevent very low-probability failure events.
Removal of DOX and DOX precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants

Abstract A procedure to measure dissolved organic halide formation potential (DOXFP) using monochloramine as the oxidant was developed. Dissolved organic halide (DOX), DOXFP, DOC and COD were measured before and after unit processes within municipal wastewater treatment plants. DOXFP reductions within the plants generally paralleled reductions in COD and DOC. DOX was removed less in biological processes in comparison to other organic surrogates, and DOX concentrations varied more than other surrogates within the plants. Neither DOC nor COD were satisfactory as surrogate parameters for DOX. Removal of all organic surrogates was small across settling basins. The reactivity of the organic matter as measured by the DOXFP/DOC ratio increased following biological treatment. A survey of ten facilities showed that effluent DOX values ranged from 56 to 1530 μg Cl/l. High DOX values were associated with high levels of industrial activity. The average raw wastewater DOX was 150 μg Cl/l and the DOXFP was 669 μg Cl/l. Monochloramine oxidation of wastewater resulted in an average production of 10 μg DOX per mg of DOC.
Industrial Electrochemistry Advances

Of the many fields of activity open to the young electrical engineer, one of the most fascinating and abundant in opportunities for important developments is that of industrial electrochemistry. A survey of the recent advances which have been made in this field shows the striking wealth of new products and new processes, many of these being of great commercial value. For the future, opportunities for the engineer to make new discoveries are even greater.
Evaluation of dual fermion amplitudes

Abstract The calculation of fermion-fermion ground-state scattering in the ten-dimensional dual theory is reported. The crossing properties of the amplitudes are discussed.
A Zirconium Concentrated-Arc Infrared Source for Infrared Spectroscopy*

Zirconium-oxide concentrated-arc lamps have been enclosed in argon-filled, water-cooled jackets provided with rocksalt or thallium bromide-iodide windows. The arcs, so altered, have operated trouble-free for thousands of hours as highly satisfactory infrared spot sources, particularly useful in infrared microspectroscopy.