cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ideology and the Harms of Self-Deception: Why We Should Act to End Poverty

In thinking about global poverty, the question of moral motivation is of central importance: Why should the average person in the West feel morally compelled to do anything to help the poor? Various answers to this question have been constructed—and yet poverty persists. In this paper I will argue that, among other difficulties, the current approaches to the problem of poverty (from Peter Singer and Thomas Pogge) overlook a critical element: that poverty not only harms the poor, it harms every human being. Its existence forces us to live in a world where we are compelled by a pervasive ideology to eviscerate our own humanity and neglect our human impulses. Drawing on Karl Marx’s Aristotelian-influenced notion of our human essence as “species-being,” I will construct an account of moral motivation in the face of poverty that stems from a selfish desire to avoid these harms. Thus our moral impetus for acting to help the poor comes not from feelings of guilt about how poverty harms them, but rather from recognizing that poverty is harming all of us. By fighting against global poverty, we seek to make the world a better place for ourselves and the poor alike.
Marketing Laws and Marketing Strategy

If decisions of marketing managers are to be influenced by predictions based on theoretical models, it is important that the assumptions in the models be accurate. Marketeers must reformulate conce...
Mean velocity and pressure and velocity spectral measurements within a separated flow around a prolate spheroid at incidence

Hot-wire velocity measurements were made on the lee-side of a 6:1 prolate spheroid, ReL = 4.2xl0, at 10° and 20° angles of attack, and at x/L = 0.600 and 0.772. The dominant feature of each of these flowfields is the presence of a shed vortex due to cross-flow separation. This is a source of considerable noise and vibration. At a = 10° the most turbulent fluid is confined to the near wall region. At a = 20° the most turbulent fluid appears away from the wall at locations where the flow is separating. Velocity spectra for regions with weaker 3-D effects exhibit features that are observed for equilibrium flows. Spectra in strong vortical flow regions show unusual and apparently non-equilibrium behavior. This behavior has some qualitative similarities with surface pressure fluctuation spectra. Nomenclature______________ L Model length, 1.37 m. p Pressure fluctuation at the model surface qe Dynamic pressure at boundary layer edge Graduate Assistant, Student Member AIAA f Jack E. Cowling Professor, Fellow AIAA * Former Graduate Assistant 5 Member AIAA, now at David Taylor Model Basin CD/NSWC, Bethesda, MD 1 Associate Professor, Senior Member AIAA Copyright © 1998 By M. Goody, R. Simpson, M. Engel, C. Chesnakas, and W. Devenport. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics with permission. ReL TKE Distance from model surface along a line perpendicular to the model axis Reynolds number, U_L / v Turbulent kinetic energy, denned as, TKE = V2p(u+ V*+ w) Friction velocity, (%/p) u, v, w Fluctuating velocity components in the directions of U, V, and W, respectively Velocity component in a plane parallel to the surface, in the axial direction Total velocity at edge of shear layer Wind tunnel free-stream velocity Mean velocity component normal to the local model surface Mean velocity component in a plane parallel to the local model surface and perpendicular to the axial direction (positive in -$ direction) Axial distance from the nose of the model ru/v Angle of attack of model relative to incoming flow Boundary layer thickness Boundary layer streamwise displacement thickness, defined as U
Parallel Implementation of a Navier-Stokes Solver: Turbulent Ekman Layer Direct Numerical Simulation

A massively parallel direct numerical solution procedure for the turbulent Ekman layer is presented. The simulation studies the dynamics of turbulence for this flow by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with Coriolis and buoyancy terms. The governing equations are integrated via a semi-implicit time advancement algorithm which is massively parallelized using the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc) libraries. Accuracy of the numerical scheme was validated by comparisons of simulation results with the hydrodynamic linear stability theory for Poiseuille flow. Two cases are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the code: a) a neutrally stable case of Reynolds number, Re = 400 and b) an unstably stratified case at Re = 1000 requiring very high resolution in all coordinate directions. Results indicate that the scalability is not limited by the overall size of the problem, but rather by the number of mesh points per processor. Strong scaling is demonstrated for both cases with as few as 10,000 unknowns per processor.
Analysis and assessment of the devices for momentum law testing

In view of the imprecision caused by adding weight to the traditional apparatus of momentum law, the apparatus are improved by adopting the theory of automatic feedback and the technology of decreasing obstruction by moving attrition. The apparatus are properly improved, the mensuration is accurate, the mensuration of numerical value of momentum correct coefficient of flow nozzle experiment is perfect and is verified by analyzing the performance of the improved apparatus ,the precision of experiment amounts to±0.01.
Oral vinblastine sulfate in Hodgkin's disease.

Fourteen patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated with a new oral preparation of vinblastine sulfate (VLB). All had previously experienced a remission with intravenous vinblastine prior to the oral VLB administration. Eight patients were considered to have exhibited a beneficial response to oral VLB with continued stabilization of their disease. Two patients did not have an adequate drug trial. The average duration of oral VLB treatment in those who responded was 10.4 months. Until oral VLB dose schedules are better understood we recommend that it be administered to patients who have already responded favorably to intravenous VLB. The recommended starting dose of oral VLB is 8 times the weekly intravenous dose of VLB. If possible, the total dose is divided into 2 to 3 consecutive daily doses each week. A treatment-free interval of at least 2 days a week was maintained in all cases. Toxicity observed included nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, leukopenia, paresthesias, skin rash, and aggravation of a peptic ulcer with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Because maintenance therapy with vinblastine is necessary to sustain a remission in most patients with Hodgkin's disease, oral VLB will probably prove to be useful.
Quantifying Behavioral Data Sets of Criminal Activity

With the increased availability of rich behavioral data sets, we present a novel combination of tools to analyze to analyze this information. Using criminal offense records as an example, we employ cross-correlation measures, eigenvalue spectrum analysis, and results from random matrix theory to identify spatiotemporal patterns. Finally, with multivariate autoregressive models, we demonstrate a possible source of structure within the data.
Immunization. A continuing need.

SUMMARY Many vaccines are available to prevent potentially fatal disease. It is especially important for all of us who provide care to review periodically the current recommendations, since they are not static. Changes are based not only on the availability of improved vaccines, but also on knowledge of the diseases and altering societal and epidemiologic circumstances. We owe it to all our patients to be meticulous in maintaining up-to-date immunization records as well as to be knowledgeable about the indications and contraindications for each vaccine. Finally, it is important to remember that the immunization status of adults has been overlooked too often. This is no longer justifiable in light of current knowledge.
Direct visualization of pore-scale fines migration and formation damage during low-salinity waterflooding

Abstract Formation damage due to fines migration results, potentially, in significant decreases in reservoir permeability and, hence, the recoverability of crude oil from reservoirs. On the other hand, low salinity brine injection is a promising technique for increasing oil recovery from clay-rich sandstones in an economic manner. Clay detachment at low salinity conditions, however, drastically alters fluid flow. In this work, clay-functionalized etched-silicon micromodels are used to visualize directly the mobilization of clay at low salinity conditions in (i) the absence of oil, and (ii) the presence of oil. Study results include clay mobilization and pore plugging in the absence and presence of oil visualized by saturating the clay-functionalized micromodel with high salinity brine followed by injections of reduced salinity brines. Clay detachment and migration was observed in oil-free systems for 4000 ppm NaCl low salinity injection brine. The extent of fines detachment was quantified to determine the types of clay structures affected. Furthermore, fines migration, flocculation, and re-deposition were visualized directly. The types of structures formed (i.e., pore-plugging, pore-lining, etc.) by the re-deposited clay particles are characterized to determine their impact on formation damage. Clay detachment in the presence of oil was also visualized. Initial conditions analogous to clastic reservoirs were established by allowing the crude oil, brine, and solids to interact (i.e., age). Clay detachment occurred during 4000 ppm NaCl low salinity oil recovery. Real-time, pore-level visualization revealed significant mechanisms during oil recovery processes and their influence on multiphase flow. Specifically, pore plugging particles in water-filled pores obstructed preferential flow paths and diverted injection fluid to unswept regions thereby increasing oil production.
LATE-ONSET CHOROIDAL METASTASIS FROM BREAST CANCER.

PURPOSE Report occurrence of late-onset choroidal metastasis from breast cancer. METHODS Retrospective chart review. RESULTS The authors report 3 patients with choroidal metastasis from breast cancer that presented more than 20 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor. The choroidal metastases were the presenting feature of metastatic disease in all three patients, but after imaging, all patients had metastasis elsewhere as well. Two of the patients' tumors were known, ER+, and the hormone receptor status of the third patient was unknown. All three patients were treated with aromatase inhibitors with good response. CONCLUSION Late onset of metastatic disease, an excellent response to hormonal therapy, and a prolonged survival despite presence of systemic disease suggests a milder variant within the broad category of breast cancer patients with uveal metastases. Awareness of this entity can minimize the risk of misdiagnosis and avoid potentially toxic local therapy.
Measuring patient safety culture in pediatric long-term care.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the reliability, feasibility and utility of a modified patient safety survey for use in pediatric long term care (pLTC) settings and describe patient safety culture in a sample of providers from pLTC facilities. METHODS A survey was adapted from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (PSC-pLTC) and administered to a convenience sample of providers who work in pLTC during an educational workshop in November 2015. RESULTS Forty-nine respondents from 32 facilities across all 4 U.S. census regions completed the survey. The adapted survey demonstrated excellent face validity, usability, feasibility and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0.94). Highest ratings were given to overall perceptions of safety, feedback and incident communication, supervisors' expectations and actions and management support. Lower ratings were given to dimensions of teamwork, communication, handoffs and transitions, with the lowest ratings given to staffing and organizational learning. Ratings were associated with population and geographic region served. CONCLUSION This survey to measure patient safety culture adapted for pLTC demonstrated components of reliability and validity, was useable and group discussants were eager for such a measure.
Population Biology of Orangestriped Oakworm (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in Southeastern Virginia

Population biology of orangestriped oakworm, Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), was studied in southeastern Virginia. Egg mass size was larger on Quercus palustris Muench., pin oak, compared with Q. phellos L., willow oak. Females produced a sex pheromone that attracted male moths. Blacklight traps were not effective for monitoring A. senatoria adults. Peak male emergence occurred on 2 July, 4 days earlier than female. The mean life span was 33.5 days in the laboratory. Pupal mortality was high and only 1.2% of the pupae produced moths in 1989 and 1990. Pupae were capable of overwintering for two years in the field. The first report of a second generation from September - November was documented. Second generation A. senatoria oviposited more egg masses, infested more trees and had a longer development time compared with first generation. Large egg mass size, pupae that were capable of overwintering for two years and the presence of a second generation may partially explain the consistent A. senatoria popul...
Case Study: Stigmatization of a HIV+ Haitian Male

Ronald is a 27-year-old homosexual man with a high school education who recently emigrated from Haiti to a large urban area in the United States. His parents and two siblings emigrated 8 years earlier because of the country’s political unrest. At that time, Ronald remained with relatives because he did not want to leave his friends. While working in Haiti, Ronald was hospitalized for pneumonia, at which time he was diagnosed with HIV. He did not reveal his HIV status for fear of discrimination. Even though homosexuality in Haiti is legal, it remains a taboo. Ronald joined the local voodoo community because of its acceptance of homosexuals. Ronald joined his parents in the United States to receive better healthcare for his HIV+ condition than was possible in Haiti. He was concerned, however, about his poor English language proficiency. His parents successfully applied for Ronald to immigrate under the Cuban Haitian Entrant Program (US Citizenship and Immigration Services 2015).
Short staffing and iatrogenic stressors: can we survive our own doings?

If there was ever a time when the nursing profession was under the spotlight and gaining national and local attention, this is it. There are those whose efforts will help with nurse recruitment and retention. There will be increased funding for scholarships and other financial inducements for nurses. Regulators are looking at mandated nurse-patient ratios and examining mandatory overtime for nurses. External change agents can--and are--influencing the state of nursing. There are changes that need to be made within nursing. Systems, role, and environmental change is best directed by nurses. We are called to be internal change agents within nursing with an eye toward seriously re-examining how we create our own stress. Using a 1970's team model for eight-hour shifts is redundant with 12-hour scheduling models in place. Recalling the scarcity of vital information in days gone by (i.e., blood gases were drawn but once a day as an adjunct to intense nursing observations), today there is a plethora of unending clinical data, such that limits need to be established. Failing to sufficiently address the human condition in a coordinated and effective manner, given the cost of care and the rising expectations of consumers is a constant challenge if we fail to address the soundness of our operational systems. Systems must be kept current with the times. For instance, how we blend temporary workers with "core resource" nurses remains largely unanswered. We must systematically address these issues, or be subject to the stress caused by the failure to do so. Nurse leader--and effective nurse followers--should use the spotlight to demand a re-hauling of our ineffective practices. Not in the spirit of work reengineering aimed at cost savings alone, but pragmatically to address the essence of the nurse-patient relationship and to create a savory environment for nursing professionals.
Some aspects of analysis of gene array data.

The past century brought along tremendous development in statistical methods, accompanying similar advances in the biomedical field and genetics (Elston and Thompson, 2000). In the later half of 1990’s another significant leap forward has occurred in the biomedical field with the advent of gene arrays (Duggan et al., 1999). Gene arrays provide the ability to measure the presence of tens of thousands of genes at one time, and to compare this set of genes between two or more systems. The emergence of this technology, along with attempts to integrate data output with underlying biology, has created one of most lively areas of applied multivariate statistics to recently emerge.
Screening for dyslipidemia. Practice parameter.

Screening for serum lipid disorders is recommended by numerous specialty societies to identify patients at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). The best screening tests will identify patients at highest risk for CHD who would benefit from intervention. This report discusses an appropriate test panel to use as the initial screen on a healthy outpatient population, and the required accuracy and precision of the tests from the Laboratory Medicine perspective. Controversy exists regarding which methods to use and at what age testing should begin. The following parameters will be modified as studies continue and new tests are developed. The recommendations are as follows: (1) Total serum cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) are presently the recommended screening tests for dyslipidemia in the general population; (2) The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends measuring TC and HDL-C in adults with a single sample at 5-year intervals beginning at age 20; (3) The NCEP recommends measuring TC in children with at least one parent having TC > or = 6.24 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL); (4) The NCEP recommends a lipoprotein analysis consisting of a 12-hour fasting TC, HDL-C, triglyceride, and estimated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults with the following results: (a) TC > or = 6.24 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL); (b) borderline TC of 5.20-6.23 mmol/L (200-239 mg/dL) and HDL-C or = 5.20 mmol/L (> or = 200 mg/dL); (6) Two or three separate lipoprotein analyses should be done to confirm the LDL-C result before therapeutic intervention. Specimens should be tested from 1 to 8 weeks apart and the results averaged to account for physiologic variability; (7) Enzymatic methods are preferred for TC determination, and should be standardized and traceable to the reference method and materials at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); (8) The analytic method for TC should have a bias against the reference method of < 3% and a within laboratory reproducibility of < 3% coefficient of variation; (9) Chemical precipitation methods are preferred for HDL-C determination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Convergences in cognitive science, social network analysis, pattern recognition and machine intelligence as dynamic processes in non-Euclidean space

Students of human cognitive and cultural processes, social networks, pattern recognition and machine intelligence often find that the coordinate systems resulting from commonly used measurement and analysis tools yield non-Euclidean configurations. Typically, researchers consider this unfortunate, and seek methods to return the spaces to Euclidean configurations. This article details all the known methods of such transformations, but presents evidence from multiple fields of inquiry that shows the non-Euclidean nature of the space is meaningful, and that all transformations to Euclidean form produce serious distortions to measured values. The article further presents methods for describing processes in the non-Euclidean spaces along with empirical examples of such uses.
The Effects of Urinary Gonadotropins Following Hypophysectomy and in Hypogonadotropic Eunuchoidism

I should like to present summaries of two new cases treated with gonadotropins. The first is that of a 28-year-old married man with two children who had undergone hypophysectomy for an infarcted adenoma of the pituitary. I saw him for the first time one and a half years after this operation. He had returned to the neuro-sur-geon (Dr. Bronson Ray) because his wife desired another child. In the interim, he had been supported only by cortisone and thyroid. He had not received androgens. He complained of low libido, loss of ejaculate and of pubic, axillary and body hair. He could attain erections and orgasm after considerable stimulation. He had not experienced a spontaneous erection since the operation. It was ascertained that he had been under-active sexually during his married life and before the illness that precipitated the operation. The post-operative loss of libido therefore, had not bothered him unduly. He could not produce an ejaculate for examination in spite of erection and orgasm.
Managing Immunomodulators Perioperatively

With the westernization of industrialized societies, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has drastically increased globally. With this rise in incidence, there has been a resultant rise in the number of patients on immunosuppressive medications [1]. Colorectal surgeons, therefore, must be well prepared for the potential perioperative complications associated with these medications. Immunomodulators (thiopurines, calcineurin inhibitors, and methotrexate) are one class of medication that is used quite frequently in the medical treatment of IBD. Intuitively, as these medications alter immune system function, they raise a theoretical concern of increased perioperative complication rate, particularly related to wound infection, anastomotic healing, and other infectious complications. In this chapter, we examine the literature pertinent to the timing of surgery in patients on immunomodulators and provide our recommendations for the management of these medications in the perioperative period.
Human-in-the-Loop Approach in Thermostatically Controlled Loads

The goal of this study is to include a model of human decisions and preference in the control loop of a cyber-physical system (CPS). An electrical smart grid is selected as an example of such a CPS, and human decision and preference in utilization of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) are considered to be included in the control loop of TCLs. A two-stage planning and control framework is proposed. In the planning stage, a multi-objective dynamic program is developed for determining the expected optimal cumulative cost of operating a TCL over a planning horizon. The household demand is modeled with a series of Markov chains over the planning horizon and temperature comfort zone is represented by an interval as the preference. The day-ahead price of electricity is used for the price forecast, and the trade-off value between the cost of operating the TCL and the comfort obtained from its operation is user-specified. In the second stage, the expected optimal cumulative cost profile is used as the reference signal for the TCL's controller. The framework is simulated for an electric water heater unit to highlight its advantages.
Continuous Prediction of Cognitive State Using A Marked-Point Process Modeling Framework *

Behavioral outcomes in many cognitive tasks are often recorded in a trial structure at discrete times. To adapt to this structure, neural encoder and decoder models have been built to take into account the trial organization to characterize the connection between brain dynamics and behavior, e.g. through latent dynamical models. The challenge of these models is that they are limited to discrete trial times while neural data is continuous. Here, we propose a marked-point process framework to characterize multivariate behavioral outcomes recorded during a trial-structured cognitive task, to build an estimation of cognitive state at a fine time resolution. We propose a state-space marked-point process modeling framework to characterize the relationship between observed behavior and underlying dynamical cognitive processes. We define the framework for a class of behavioral readouts by a response time and a discrete mark signifying an observed binary decision, and develop the state estimation and system identification steps. We define the filter and smoother for the marked-point process observation and develop an EM algorithm to estimate the model’s free parameters. We demonstrate this modeling approach in a behavioral readout captured while participants perform an emotional conflict resolution task (ECR) and show that we can estimate underlying cognitive processes at a fine temporal resolution beyond the trial by trial approach.
In the space between us: reflections for adult audience members of youth-centered participatory research

AbstractPerformances of research are moments of encounter – between audience and performer, between audience and researcher, and in the instance of youth-centered critical participatory action rese...
Effects of the interplanetary magnetic field y component on the dayside aurora

A dawn–dusk asymmetry in many high-latitude ionospheric and magnetospheric phenomena, including the aurora, can be linked to the east–west (y) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Owing to the scarcity of observations in the Southern Hemisphere, most of the previous findings are associated with the Northern Hemisphere. It has long been suspected that if the IMF By component also produces a dawn–dusk asymmetry and/or a mirror image in the Southern Hemisphere as predicted by some theories. The present study explores the effect of the IMF By component on the dayside aurora from both hemispheres by analyzing the auroral emission data from the Global UltraViolet scanning spectrograph Imager on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission spacecraft from 2002 to 2007. The data set comprises 28,774 partial images of the northern hemispheric oval and 29,742 partial images of the southern hemispheric oval, allowing for a statistical analysis. It is found that even though auroras in different regions of the dayside oval respond differently to the orientation of the IMF By component, their responses are opposite between the two hemispheres. For example, at ~ 1400–1600 MLT in the Northern Hemisphere, where the so-called 1500 MLT auroral hot spots occur, peak auroral energy flux is larger for negative IMF By comparing to positive IMF By. The response is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. The present study also suggests that the total energy flux does not change with the IMF By orientation change. This result is consistent with a larger (smaller) convection vortex in the postnoon sector for IMF By 0) resulting from anti-parallel merging.
Investmentstrategien – Research als Wegweiser zum Ziel

Mit dem steigenden Erfolg der Immobilienspezialfonds als Anlagevehikel haben sich auch die Konzeption und insbesondere die Strategieentwicklung der Fonds in den letzten Jahren verandert. Research basierte Strategien, wie sie von Fonds aus dem angelsachsischen Bereich bekannt sind, haben auch beim deutschen Immobilienspezialfonds Einzug gehalten. Research ist heutzutage ein wichtiger Baustein bei der Festlegung des langfristigen Zielportfolios geworden. Aber auch beim taktischen Vorgehen im Rahmen des Portfolioaufbaus und bei der Frage der Portfoliooptimierung alterer Fonds spielt Research in Folge der sich verandernden Anforderungen der institutionellen Investoren eine wichtige Rolle. Ein detailliertes Verstandnis von Marktzusammenhangen ist ein starker Wettbewerbsvorteil in einem Umfeld, in dem der Markt und seine Preisbildung nicht effizient sind, weil Informationsasymmetrien bestehen. Welche Moglichkeiten und Ansatze es hier gibt und wie eine solche Strategiebegleitung und -beratung durch Research aussehen kann, soll der Beitrag aufzeigen.
Accelerating Substructure Similarity Search for Formula Retrieval

Formula retrieval systems using substructure matching are effective, but suffer from slow retrieval times caused by the complexity of structure matching. We present a specialized inverted index and rank-safe dynamic pruning algorithm for faster substructure retrieval. Formulas are indexed from their Operator Tree (OPT) representations. Our model is evaluated using the NTCIR-12 Wikipedia Formula Browsing Task and a new formula corpus produced from Math StackExchange posts. Our approach preserves the effectiveness of structure matching while allowing queries to be executed in real-time.
Completion of the AMR-C Instrument for Sentinel-6

The advanced microwave radiometer-climate quality (AMR-C) is a part of the European Sentinel-6A/B series, a collaboration between ESA and NASA, of two Earth-observing satellites, which will be launched in 2020 and 2025. Compared to its predecessor, Jason-3, the two AMR-C radiometer instruments have an external calibration system which enables higher radiometric stability accomplished by moving the secondary mirror between well-defined targets. Sentinel-6 allows continuing the study of the ocean circulation, climate change, and sea-level rise for at least another decade. Besides the external calibration for the AMR heritage radiometer (18.7, 23.8, and 34 GHz channels), the AMR-C contains a high-resolution microwave radiometer (HRMR) with radiometer channels at 90, 130, and 168 GHz. This subsystem allows for a factor of 5× higher spatial resolution at coastal transitions. This article presents a brief description of the instrument and the measured performance of the completed AMR-C-A and AMR-C-B instruments.
Price discovery in CDS and equity markets: Default risk-based heterogeneity in the systematic investment grade and high yield sectors

Abstract I examine systematic credit default swap (CDS) and equity markets using investment grade and high yield Markit CDX indices and matched equity portfolios within a vector autoregressive (VAR), asymmetrical Granger causality, and vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) framework to ascertain whether one market has an advantage over the other in pricing in new information. Contrary to the investment grade sector in which neither the CDS nor the equity market is observed to have an advantage, a strong two-way interactive effect is documented in the high yield sector, indicating certain information is impounded more efficiently by each market, with the CDS’ advantage more pronounced under adverse market conditions and in the bellwether CDX.NA.HY index. These findings indicate investors trade high yield CDS indices much differently than investment grade.
Impact of Loop Diuretic Use on Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

The use of LDT may signify significant hemodynamic changes and left ventricular remodeling in severe aortic stenosis (AS). Therefore, we sought to determine whether loop diuretic therapy (LDT) is associated with adverse outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe symptomatic AS. Subjects undergoing TAVI at a single institution from June 2008 to December 2017 were analyzed. LDT doses were normalized to oral furosemide daily equivalents. All outcomes were adjudicated using VARC2 criteria. Descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression, and propensity score matching were used. Of the 804 subjects studied, 48.3% were on pre-TAVI LDT with a mean dose of 51.1 mg furosemide dose-equivalents. Subjects on LDT were higher risk, frail patients with more co-morbidities including chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease requiring prior bypass grafting, peripheral arterial disease, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and diabetes with more severe heart failure symptoms. Those on LDT also had worse left ventricular systolic function, lower transvalvular gradients, and markers of adverse left ventricular remodeling, including increased left ventricular mass index and higher rates of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy. On propensity-score matching, death within one year post-TAVI was borderline significantly higher in the pre-LDT as compared with no-LDT group (16.9% vs 10.4 %, p = 0.068). In conclusion, use of pre-TAVI LDT for severe symptomatic AS is associated with a trend towards worse 1-year mortality and is a marker of high-risk, frail individuals with advanced left ventricular remodeling.
Cercospora nicotianae Isolates from Flue-Cured Tobacco in North Carolina Found with G143A and F129L Mutations in Cytochrome b Gene

Frogeye leaf spot of tobacco caused by Cercospora nicotianae (Ellis & Everhart) is a widespread disease of cultivated tobacco. Recently, flue-cured tobacco producers in North Carolina reported loss...
The power of their ideas: leveraging teachers’ mathematical ideas in professional development

In this paper, a process is described that is used in professional development sessions in mathematics with pre-tertiary teachers referred to as leveraging teachers’ mathematical ideas (LTMI). To e...
Bridging a Gap in SAR-ATR: Training on Fully Synthetic and Testing on Measured Data

Obtaining measured synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for training automatic target recognition (ATR) models can be too expensive (in terms of time and money) and complex of a process in many situations. In response, researchers have developed methods for creating synthetic SAR data for targets using electro-magnetic prediction software, which is then used to enrich an existing measured training dataset. However, this approach relies on the availability of some amount of measured data. In this work, we focus on the case of having 100% synthetic training data, while testing on only measured data. We use the SAMPLE dataset public released by AFRL, and find significant challenges to learning generalizable representations from the synthetic data due to distributional differences between the two modalities and extremely limited training sample quantities. Using deep learning-based ATR models, we propose data augmentation, model construction, loss function choices, and ensembling techniques to enhance the representation learned from the synthetic data, and ultimately achieved over 95% accuracy on the SAMPLE dataset. We then analyze the functionality of our ATR models using saliency and feature-space investigations and find them to learn a more cohesive representation of the measured and synthetic data. Finally, we evaluate the out-of-library detection performance of our synthetic-only models and find that they are nearly 10% more effective than baseline methods at identifying measured test samples that do not belong to the training class set. Overall, our techniques and their compositions significantly enhance the feasibility of using ATR models trained exclusively on synthetic data.
Survey of Dental Anesthesiology program directors' preferences regarding the candidate application and interview process.

Purpose/objectives Dental Anesthesiology recently gained specialty recognition in 2019. Program directors' preferences for candidates applying to this newly recognized specialty are not well known. This study sought to assess these preferences by surveying the program directors of advanced dental education programs in Dental Anesthesiology. Methods and materials The survey consisted of eleven questions on candidate qualities, academic application criteria, standardized examinations, shadowing, externships, sedation experience, and interview format. Results The survey achieved a response rate of 100% with all nine program directors completing the survey. The study found that program directors tended to rank integrity, interpersonal/communication skills, assumes responsibility, team player, and reliability among the top five candidate qualities. Program directors tended to rank professional evaluations, institutional evaluations, externship, shadowing (a practicing anesthesiologist), and standardized tests among the top five academic application criteria. Program directors largely preferred differentiating candidates with a standardized examination, such as the Comprehensive Basic Science Examination (CBSE) or the creation of a new examination specific for Dental Anesthesiology application. Program directors largely recommended shadowing and externships but were largely indifferent to a candidate's experience or certification in sedation. All nine program directors opted for virtual interviews in 2020. Conclusions The findings of this descriptive, cross-sectional study may have significant implications for the candidate application and interview process into the field of Dental Anesthesiology.
Rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles from diverse biofluid matrices via capillary-channeled polymer fiber solid-phase extraction micropipette tips

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in biological systems based on their ability to carry genetic and protein cargos, intercede in cellular communication and serve as vectors in intercellular transport. As such, EVs are species of increasing focus from the points of view of fundamental biochemistry, clinical diagnostics, and therapeutics delivery. Of particular interest are 30-200 nm EVs called exosomes, which have demonstrated high potential for use in diagnostic and targeted delivery applications. The ability to collect exosomes from patient biofluid samples would allow for comprehensive yet remote diagnoses to be performed. While several exosome isolation methods are in common use, they generally produce low recoveries, whose purities are compromised by concomitant inclusion of lipoproteins, host cell proteins, and protein aggregates. Those methods often work on lengthy timescales (multiple hours) and result in very low throughput. In this study, capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber micropipette tips were employed in a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) solid-phase extraction (SPE) workflow. Demonstrated is the isolation of exosomes from human urine, saliva, cervical mucus, serum, and goat milk matrices. This method allows for quick (<15 min) and low-cost (<$1 per tip) isolations at sample volume and time scales relevant for clinical applications. The tip isolation was evaluated using absorbance (scattering) detection, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Exosome purity was assessed by Bradford assay, based on the removal of free proteins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the CD81 tetraspanin protein was used to confirm the presence of the known exosomal-biomarker on the vesicles.
Management Dialectical Tension di Desa Pancasila, Kecamatan Turi, Lamongan dalam Meminimalkan Ketegangan pada Keluarga

This study focuses on the dialectical tension management strategy for married couples of different religions in Pancasila Village, Turi District, Balun, Lamongan. Balun Village was chosen because it has a high level of religious tolerance. Using the Rational Dialectical theoretical perspective, this study reveals how individuals feel in communicating, identifies the causes of tension in communication, and communication strategies in overcoming tensions in interfaith families. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with a case study method, intending to be able to describe in detail how the tensions formed in interfaith families in Balun Village are minimized. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews and observations, to obtain a complete picture of their daily communication practices. The results of this study indicate that there are different dialectical tension management patterns, which are based on the level of tension that arises and the issues that trigger tension. The main cause of tension in interfaith family communication is related to two things; lack of openness of the parties and the influence of stereotypes on different ethnicities in the family.
Molecular ecosystems

Biologists employ a suggestive metaphor to describe the complexities of molecular interactions within cells and embryos: cytological components are said to be part of “ecosystems” that integrate them in a complex network of relations with many other entities. The aim of this essay is to scrutinize the molecular ecosystem, a metaphor that, despite its longstanding history, has seldom be articulated in detail. I begin by analyzing some relevant analogies between the cellular environment and the biosphere. Next, I discuss the applicability of the molecular ecosystem concept in actual scientific practice.
Elucidating the effects of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups in graphene nanomaterials for applied electrochemistry by density functional theory

Graphene nanomaterials functionalized with oxygen groups [graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO)] are either doped with element nitrogen or nitrogen-containing aromatic moieties followed by the investigation of electrochemical properties that generally show enhanced electroanalytical performance. We studied structural, morphological, and physical–chemical properties using correlative techniques. While we attribute their improved properties promoted simultaneously by topologically interconnected mesoporous network morphology, the presence of heteroatom species, and lattice vibrational structure, the complex interpretation requires the need to supplement the experimental observations with theoretical calculations for further insights. The complex interplay of pore size and redox properties revealing distinctive supercapacitive (ion-adsorption controlled) and pseudocapacitive (diffusion-controlled) energy storage mechanistic contributions arises from the combined effects of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups, most likely located on the basal plane and at the pore edge plane sites. The density functional theory calculations provided band structure and electron transfer from Mulliken and Hirshfeld population analyses helping discern the nature of various functional groups in diverse graphene. Interestingly, while quaternary (N—Q) and pyridinic-N-oxides (N—O) on the basal planes show enhanced capacitance due to positive charge and thus an improved electron transfer at higher current loads identified in nitrogen-doped aerogel (AG/nitrogenated) and GO-derived rGO by chemical and electrochemical properties, the other important functional groups affecting the energy storage are pyridinic (N-6) and pyrrolic (N-5) nitrogen groups on the edge of the rGO nanosheet in association with carboxylic (—COOH) and quinone (C=O) functional groups in nitrogenated functional graphene/graphene aerogel and rGO coated polyaniline, contributing to a pseudocapacitive character.
Inclusive Social Fitness and Evolutionary Neuroscience

The last quarter of the 20th century saw a major shift of scientific interest in human behavior. The previously forbidden domain of human cognition and consciousness was opened up to scientific study. The intrepid few who breached the gates did so at first very cautiously. Emboldened by the newly spectacular success of computers, the new researchers adopted the model of information-processing. It was a timid first step, anchored in the safe haven of cold, nonhuman mechanical analogy.
A statistical model for determining impact of wildland fires on Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Central California aided by satellite imagery of smoke

As the climate in California warms and wildfires become larger and more severe, satellite-based observational tools are frequently used for studying impact of those fires on air quality. However little objective work has been done to quantify the skill these satellite observations of smoke plumes have in predicting impacts to PM2.5 concentrations at ground level monitors, especially those monitors used to determine attainment values for air quality under the Clean Air Act. Using PM2.5 monitoring data from a suite of monitors throughout the Central California area, we found a significant, but weak relationship between satellite-observed smoke plumes and PM2.5 concentrations measured at the surface. However, when combined with an autoregressive statistical model that uses weather and seasonal factors to identify thresholds for flagging unusual events at these sites, we found that the presence of smoke plumes could reliably identify periods of wildfire influence with 95% accuracy.
Restricted Quantification and Conditional Assertion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses restricted quantification and conditional assertion. It also discusses propositions, negation, conjunction, restricted quantification, and proof theory. The chapter also discusses the complications required by a domain-and-values semantics for the quantifiers. For illustrative purposes a semantics is chosen in which predicate letters and individual constants have intensions, but in which variables have only extensions: denotation of predicate letters and individual constants is relative to worlds, but denotation of variables is not.
Aerodynamic Investigation of Multi-Swirler Array Utilizing Low and High Swirl Swirler Combinations for a Lean Direct Injection Combustor

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the isothermal aerodynamic behavior and to discern the effects on the flow-field resulting from interactions between low and high-swirl counter-rotating radial-radial air swirlers in three Lean Direct Injection configurations utilizing a 3 × 3 array of radial-radial swirlers. Configurations consisted of varying combinations of two swirlers featuring high and low swirl intensity. Two-dimensional velocity data is presented from the measurement of 37 planes spanning the width of the LDI array. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used to take velocity field measurements and to study the inter-swirler interactions. Three test cases were studied which utilized a combination of a low and high Swirl Number swirlers: the baseline case utilized 9 low swirl (SN about 0.6) swirlers, the second case used one high swirl (SN about 1.0) swirler in the center of the array, and the third case used 3 high swirl swirlers in a row within the array. The flow field developed by the three experimental cases differed significantly and inter-swirler interaction proved significant and highly complex. The velocity fields developed from swirlers in an array varied from that of the individual swirler, and as such, it should not be expected that the array have the same characteristics of the individual swirler. Placing a high-swirl swirler in a low-swirl array increased swirler interaction and led to substantial favorable changes in velocity fields and the recirculation zones developed downstream of each swirler in comparison to the baseline configuration including the development of a large CTRZ with weakened intensity for increased flame anchoring potential.Copyright © 2015 by ASME