cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Realizing Optimal Chest Compression Fraction During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is usuallypreformed in complex situations with multiple parties with awide range of capabilities. These situations require intermediatepauses for defibrillation, applying advanced airways, andswitching CPR administrators. One of the biggest unknowns ifchest compression fraction (CCF), which is the optimal fractionof time spent applying compressions. Using the American HeartAssociation (AHA) guidelines for CPR and rational actor modelsfrom game theory, we show the validity of the recommendedCCF set by the by the AHA.
Prediction of Compliance with Epilepsy Treatment

Sociocultural, medical, family environment, and cognitive factors predictive of adherence to treatment of epilepsy were analysed in 119 children, age 4 to 14 years, enrolled in a longitudinal study at the first visit to the seizure clinic, Los Angeles Children’s Hospital, CA.
Fluid Genetic Algorithm (FGA)

Abstract Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been one of the most popular methods for many challenging optimization problems when exact approaches are too computationally expensive. A review of the literature shows extensive research attempting to adapt and develop the standard GA. Nevertheless, the essence of GA which consists of concepts such as chromosomes, individuals, crossover, mutation, and others rarely has been the focus of recent researchers. In this paper method, Fluid Genetic Algorithm (FGA), some of these concepts are changed, removed, and furthermore, new concepts are introduced. The performance of GA and FGA are compared through seven benchmark functions. FGA not only shows a better success rate and better convergence control, but it can be applied to a wider range of problems including multi-objective and multi-level problems. Also, the application of FGA for a real engineering problem, Quadric Assignment Problem (AQP), is shown and experienced.
Recognition of Stages in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction Using Information Entropy: Implications to Cell Biology

A common property of a living organism as a non-equilibrium dynamic system is the self-organization including the evolution of this self-organized system through distinct consecutive stages. In this article, the properties of dynamic self-organization is examined on a primitive model of life – the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. This system is sensitive to the changes of external conditions by dynamic reorganization of chemical waves. The generated patterns bring the information on history of the reaction evolution. We performed the pattern classification using calculation of the point information gain entropy density followed by multivariate statistical analysis. It was proved by numerous experiments that each obtained cluster is related to a unique reaction stage with characteristic concentrations of the reactants. The reliability makes this method promising for application to the recognition of stages in variety of complex systems. The results obtained via visual inspection of 6 parallel image series of the BZ reaction together with their statistical analysis approximate cell physiology during development and differentiation of tissues – a small change in the initial conditions leads to a different development of the cell population. This finding also explains a lower reproducibility of measurements of biological systems.
Abstract 658: Pressor And Sympathetic Response To 2% Saline Augmented By Prior Treatment With Intracerebroventricular (icv) Angiotensin II (ANGII)

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrate that the sensitizing effects of sub-pressor ANGII or aldosterone treatments on ANGII-induced hypertension are mediated through the CNS. The present study tested if pressor response sensitization extends to another hypertensive challenge, 2% saline given as the sole drinking fluid. The study followed an Induction-Delay-Expression ( I-D-E ) experimental design. We instrumented rats with telemetry devices to continuously record blood pressure (BP) and heart rate throughout the experiments. After one week recovery and one week baseline ( B ) recording, rats underwent a second surgery to implant icv cannulas to continuously deliver ANGII (1 ng/kg/min; prior ANGII) or vehicle (control) for one week ( I ). After I and after a 1 week D , drinking water was switched to 2% saline ( E ). The degree of autonomic tone was assessed via ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium, 30 mg/kg, ip) during B , after I , and during E . During B, group BPs were not different (103±2 mmHg control vs. 107±4mmHg, prior-ANGII). Although drinking only 2% saline increased BPs in both groups (122±3 mmHg, control vs. 141±9 mmHg, prior-ANGII), the absolute increase was greater in rats treated with ANGII during I (19±3, control vs. 34±6, prior-ANGII, p B, control and prior-ANGII treated rats showed no difference in the depressor response to hexamethonium (-17±3%, control vs. -13±1%, prior-ANGII) or after I (-13±5%, control vs. -20±9%, prior-ANGII). However, during E while drinking2% saline, prior-ANGII treated rats displayed a significantly larger fall in BP to hexamethonium than controls (-20±5%, control vs. -36±7%, prior-ANGII, p E a higher degree of sympathetic tone maintained BP in the prior-ANGII treated rats. These data show that icv treatment with ANGII sensitizes the hypertensive response induced by 2% saline intake and that this enhanced pressor effect is accompanied by elevated sympathetic tone. These results provide new insights into the etiology of salt-sensitive hypertension by implicating a role for ANGII-induced neuroplasticity in CNS systems controlling sympathetic tone.
Electronic, thermal, and unconventional applications of 2D materials

This invited talk will present recent highlights from our research on two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The results span from fundamental measurements and simulations, to device- and several unusual system-oriented applications which take advantage of unique 2D material properties. Basic electrical, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of 2D materials will also be discussed.
Inventory Cost Reduction in the Perioperative Setting

AbstractAn inventory cost-reduction project for our operating room was undertaken to reduce excess inventory, increase inventory turnover, and eliminate unusable items. The operating area consisted...
Core structure and solute strengthening of second-order pyramidal 〈c+a〉 dislocations in Mg-Y alloys

Abstract The ability of Y as an alloying agent to improve the ductility of magnesium is explored using a solid solution strengthening model to determine the relative strengthening effect on the available deformation modes. We use density functional theory calculations to determine the interaction energy between an edge 〈 c + a 〉 dislocation and solute atoms surrounding it. We observe that substituting solute atoms directly into the positions closest to the dislocation significantly changes the structure of the dislocation, making the direct calculation and representation of these interaction energies difficult, and necessitating a modification to the calculation of interaction energies. Next, we apply a solution strengthening model to calculate the relative strengthening effect of the solutes and find that the ratio of the critical resolved shear stress of second-order pyramidal 〈 c + a 〉 slip to that of the basal slip, decreases with increasing Y concentration. The resulting, more isotropic plastic response is beneficial for improving the room temperature ductility of Mg alloys.
Disagreement is Not Always Discrimination: On Masterpiece Cakeshop and the Analogy to Interracial Marriage

This Article first argues that Colorado misapplied its antidiscrimination statute, a misstep partly caused by Colorado’s misinterpretation of Obergefell v. Hodges. Colorado is part of a larger national trend in which authorities are using antidiscrimination statutes as swords to punish already marginalized people (such as supporters of the conjugal understanding of marriage), rather than as shields to protect people from unjust discrimination (such as African Americans in the wake of Jim Crow and today). Second, this Article argues that support for marriage as the union of husband and wife is essentially different from opposition to interracial marriage, and that the status of African Americans is importantly different from that of Americans who identify as gay. As a result, First Amendment protections for people who act on the belief that marriage unites husband and wife differ in critical ways from hypothesized First Amendment protections for racists—and the courts can distinguish the two cases. Third and finally, this Article argues that protections for citizens who support the conjugal understanding of marriage bear much more similarity to protections for pro-life citizens. Just as protections for pro-life citizens have not been deemed “discriminatory” on the basis of sex or otherwise anti-woman because pro-life medicine is not sexist, so too should pro-conjugal marriage actions be treated as non-discriminatory because such actions are not anti-gay.
Mitochondrial Genomics: A complex field now coming of age.

The groundwork for mitochondrial medicine was laid 30 years ago with identification of the first disease-causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in 1988. Three decades later, mutations in nearly 300 genes involving every possible mode of inheritance within both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are now recognized to collectively comprise the largest class of inherited metabolic disease, affecting at least 1 in 4300 individuals across all ages. Significant progress has been made in recent years to improve understanding of mitochondrial biology and disease pathophysiology. Markedly improved understanding of the highly diverse molecular etiologies of multisystemic phenotypes in primary mitochondrial disease has resulted from massively parallel genomic sequencing technologies and improved bioinformatic resources that enable identification in individual patients of their disease’s precise genetic etiology. Key informatics resources of particular utility to the mitochondrial disease genomics community have been developed, including: (1) Mitocarta 2.0 repository of 1200+ verified mitochondria-localized proteins, (2) MITOMAP Web resource of curated mtDNA genome variants, and (3) Mitochondrial Disease Sequence Data Resource (MSeqDR) that centralizes Web curation and annotation of mitochondrial disease genes and variants in both genomes, ontology-defined phenotypes, and access to many analytic tools to support dual genomic data mining and interpretation. Gene and mutation-based disease categorization has proven particularly useful to identify the full clinical spectrum of disease that may affect a given individual. Extensive genomic advances, both in technologic platforms and bioinformatics resources, have facilitated dramatic improvement in the accurate recognition and understanding of primary mitochondrial disease.
HUMAN NUTRITION | Nutraceuticals

Classifications of foods and components of food have been created to describe nutritional products that have benefits beyond basic sustenance. One such classification is nutraceuticals, which includes food-derived compounds with pharmacological properties. Important governmental regulatory frameworks exist that define what claims can be made about the health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals based primarily on the strength of the scientific evidence of the claims. A number of nutraceuticals are derived from animal products, with bile acids, carnitine, chondroitin sulfate, conjugated linoleic acid, glucosamine, heme iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D covered herein.
A Graduate Student with Periods of Depression

Susan Taylor (not her own name) was a 42-year-old married mother of five children at the time of sampling. She was a graduate student, and was recruited to participate in the study because she had a history of depressive episodes. While she did not have a clear recollection of the onset of depression, she could recall a depression-spawned suicidal gesture as early as age 14. Episodes of depression had occurred periodically thereafter, gradually becoming severe enough by age 37 to render her incapable of performing routine household chores for a period of three months, and she was subsequently suicidal. At the beginning of that period she had sought professional help, began taking the antidepressant medication Elavil (later Desyrel), and began seeing a psychotherapist regularly about a year later. Serious depressive episodes still occasionally occurred, with the most recent serious episode, an agitated depression with suicidal ideation, taking place about 18 months before the present study began and one month after she had discontinued medication. Since that time, Susan had experienced considerably less depression, except for occasional depressive periods. She had continued occasional binge eating, which had been an ongoing problem throughout these periods. She had discontinued taking antidepressant medication 19 months before sampling and had not resumed.
Posterior Interosseous Nerve Proximity to Cortical Button Implant for Distal Biceps Repair With Single and 2-Incision Approaches.

Purpose Fixation with a cortical button is the biomechanically strongest surgical approach for distal biceps repair, and utilization of the 2-incision approach may provide a more anatomical repair and improved terminal supination strength. The risk of injury to the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) associated with this approach requires further investigation. Methods A distal biceps repair with a cortical button was performed on 10 cadavers, 5 utilizing the single-incision approach and 5 utilizing the 2-incision approach. Contrast was injected into the radial nerve and computed tomography scans were obtained. The distance between the drilled cortical perforation and the PIN was measured. Results The mean distance from the cortical perforation to the PIN was not significantly different between approaches (9.4 mm and 8.8 mm). A PIN entrapment was seen in 0 out of 5 for the single-incision approach and 1 out of 5 for the 2-incision approach. Conclusions Distal biceps repair with cortical button fixation places the PIN at risk of injury regardless of the approach used. Methods of fixation that require bicortical drilling should be especially avoided when using the 2-incision approach. Clinical relevance Distal biceps repair utilizing bicortical drilling for fixation through a 2-incision approach poses high risk of injury to the PIN and should be avoided.
Uterine factor in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Abstract Objective To review the current understanding of the role the uterus plays in recurrent pregnancy loss. Findings Congenital and acquired uterine abnormalities are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss in the first and second trimester. Relevant congenital Mullerian tract anomalies include unicornuate, didelphys, bicornuate and septate uteri. Pregnancy loss has also been associated with acquired uterine abnormalities that distort the uterine cavity such as intrauterine adhesions and submucosal myomas. Initial evaluation of women with recurrent pregnancy loss should include a uterine assessment such as a pelvic ultrasound or sonohysterography. Uterine abnormalities such as uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions and submucosal myomas may be managed surgically with operative hysteroscopy. Conclusion Uterine abnormalities, both congenital and acquired, can be responsible for recurrent pregnancy loss.
Rebuilding the research enterprise of a historical research intensive college of nursing.

ABSTRACT Background Maintaining a productive research enterprise within a college of nursing is multifaceted and complex. It is especially challenging when a college's mission transitions to address other priorities, and later attempts to re-emerge in the competitive funding environment and re-establish a productive research portfolio. Purpose To describe how a college is rebuilding the research enterprise to meet the established research mission after a decade of marginal research productivity. Strategies Targeted multi-level strategies at the university, college, and individual levels are being implemented to enhance the research infrastructure and faculty capacity to increase research productivity. Impact In the past five years, compared to the previous five years, annual faculty publications have doubled, annual extramural funding per tenure track faculty increased by 72%, and the College's average extramural sponsored award funding per year increased 118%. National Institutes for Research rankings moved from no ranking (2013) to top 31 (2017). Discussion Early results are positive and efforts to maintain and further grow the research enterprise will require sustained effort to meet ongoing challenges.
Intestinal neurofibromatosis with malignant degeneration: report of a case.

A case of von Recklinghausen’s disease with neurofibromatosis of the intestinal tract is presented.
Regional Structural Change in Production and Marketing Practices for the Nursery and Greenhouse Industry: 1988–2003

The U.S. nursery and greenhouse industry has undergone major changes to production and marketing practices from 1988 to 2003. Using data from national surveys that have been partially funded by HRI, we examine the regional structural changes that have occurred during this period with emphasis on sales, advertising expenditures, and computer usage. Results indicate that a structural shift has occurred for several management decisions, with other decisions experiencing only regional shifts. Key results are that marketing and advertising expenses comprise an increasing percent of total sales, with advertising mediums experiencing varying levels of change. Transaction methods have experienced various types of changes with more in-person sales in the Northern region, less in-person sales in the Southern region, and no changes for the Western region. In contrast, telephone orders have decreased in the Northern region and increased in the Southern region, while all regions experienced lower trade show sales. There has also been a move away from wholesale toward retail sales, with repeat customers continuing to represent a large share of sales. Computer usage, as expected, has experienced a considerable increase due to every-day task usage.
Generation of CART cells targeting oncogenic TROP2 for the elimination of epithelial malignancies

Background & Aim TROP2 (also referred to as Tacstd2) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein highly expressed in many epithelial cancers, including oral, head-and-neck, thyroid, lung, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, breast, renal, uterine, cervical, ovarian, prostate, and glioma, and expression of TROP2 negatively correlates with prognosis and survival in many of these malignancies. TROP2 signaling supports tumor growth and progression through the induction of pathways controlling cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, cell growth and survival. In addition, tumor release of TROP2-containing exosomes can promote the migration of TROP2-negative tumor cells. Here, we generated several TROP-2-targeting CAR molecules and evaluated their activity as CART cells against various epithelial tumor cell lines. Methods, Results & Conclusion Single-chain variable fragments targeting TROP2 were produced through domain sequencing of hybridomas and through other publically available sources and cloned into lentiviral transfer plasmids containing second-generation CAR backbones. Transduction of human T cells routinely leads to the expression of >50% CAR+ cells, including the generation of TROP2-CART cells from T cells of a mTNBC patient. We evaluated interferon-gamma production as well as cytotoxicity of TROP2-CART cells cultured with TROP2+ breast, prostate and pancreatic tumor cells to choose a lead TROP2-CAR. In addition, we generated an isogenic TROP2- prostate cancer through Cas9-based gene editing and observed loss of cytotoxicity, demonstrating specificity of the TROP2-CART. However, TROP2-CART can kill TROP2- cells in the presence of TROP2+ cells, a feature also observed by CART19 when cultured with CD19+ and CD19- cells, consistent prior reports that activated CART cells induce tumor apoptosis through death receptors. Prior reports demonstrated that blockade of death receptor ligands abolished the non-specific cytotoxicity of CART19 cells, but this approach provided only partial blockade of TROP2-CART cytotoxicity. Instead, we describe and demonstrate a new mechanism by which transfer of TROP2+ tumor exosomes to TROP2- tumor cells increases the proportion of tumor targetable by TROP2-CART and may allow TROP2-CART to overcome the challenge of antigen heterogeneity in solid tumors.
Statin-Associated Autoimmune Myopathy and Other Forms of Myositis

The autoimmune myopathies are a heterogenous family of diseases characterized by weakness, elevated muscle enzymes, and abnormal muscle biopsies. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), dermatomyositis, the antisynthetase syndrome, and inclusion body myositis are the four main types of autoimmune myopathy. Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy is a subtype of IMNM that can occur as a rare side effect of statin treatment and is diagnosed based on the presence of autoantibodies recognizing HMG-CoA reductase, the pharmacologic target of statins. This chapter will focus on the clinical features, risk factors, management, and pathogenesis of the autoimmune myopathies, with an emphasis on statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. The autoimmune myopathies not associated with statins are also presented to help clinicians differentiate these myopathies from statin-associated autoimmune myopathy and to decide when statins may be used in these patients.
Open Versus Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomies in Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Surgery remains an important treatment modality for the management of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of open right h...
Increasing African American Public Health Professionals: Utilizing the Feedfoward Model to Address Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in the African American Community

African Americans and other minorities (AAOM) are under-represented in careers in medicine, public health, and research. Furthermore, African Americans suffer more disproportionately from racial health disparities across most health indicators. Scholars suggest that the underrepresentation of AAOM public health and medical professionals contributes to the racial and ethnic health disparity trends in the USA. Thus, an increase in African American public health professionals may lead to a decrease in health disparities in African American communities. This manuscript will share a qualitative research study designed to explore motivators to engage African American students into careers in public health. Grounded theory and the feedforward model were used to explore critical career motivators, career decisions, career trajectories, barriers, and methods to overcome barriers among 20 African American public health graduate students and professionals. Eight motivators and six recommendations were identified to engage African Americans into careers in Public Health.
Weight suppression increases odds for future onset of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and purging disorder, but not binge eating disorder

Background Eating disorders affect 13% of females and contribute to functional impairment and mortality, but few studies have identified risk factors that prospectively correlate with future onset of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD). Identifying risk factors specific to each eating disorder is critical for advancing etiologic knowledge and designing effective prevention programs. Objectives This study examined whether weight suppression (the difference between a person's highest past weight at their adult height and their current weight) correlates with future onset of AN, BN, BED, and PD. Methods Data from 1165 young women with body image concerns (mean ± SD age: 21.9 ± 6.4 y) who completed annual diagnostic interviews over a 3-y follow-up period were examined. Logistic regression models evaluated the relation of baseline weight suppression to onset risk of each eating disorder controlling for age, dietary restraint, and intervention condition. Results Elevated weight suppression predicted future onset of AN (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.80), BN (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.62), PD (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.74), and any eating disorder (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.56), but not BED (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.37). Highest past weight correlated with future onset of BN and PD but not onset of AN, BED, or any eating disorder, and baseline current weight was inversely related to future AN onset only, implying that women with the largest difference between their highest past weight and current weight are at greatest risk of eating disorders. Conclusions The results provide novel evidence that weight suppression correlates with future onset of eating disorders characterized by dietary restriction or compensatory weight control behaviors and suggest weight-suppressed women constitute an important risk group to target with selective prevention programs.These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01126918 and NCT01949649.
A generalized von Neumann analysis for multi-level schemes: Stability and spectral accuracy

Abstract The so-called von Neumann analysis is a well-established approach used for stability analysis of numerical methods. The crux of this analysis is to bound the amplification factor by unity to ensure stability. However, an implicit but commonly unverified assumption in this approach is that the amplification factor does not vary with time, which as we show here is not always true for multi-level schemes. We propose a generalized von Neumann analysis wherein we take into account the temporal variation of the amplification factor and thus overcome the limitations of the standard analysis. We express this time-varying amplification factor as a continued fraction and obtain exact conditions for the applicability of the standard von Neumann approach. We define stability in terms of product of the amplification factor at all times that allows the instantaneous amplification to be larger than unity. This is indeed observed in simulations though the scheme remains stable which makes it then, unexplainable with the standard von Neumann analysis. We use the proposed generalized analysis and stability definition to assess the stability of asynchrony-tolerant schemes with periodic coefficients. The degrading effect of temporal scheme on the spectral accuracy of spatial schemes at large CFL values is also discussed.
Role of the propagule bank in reestablishing submerged macrophytes after removal of free-floating plants for recovery of a shallow lake in Southern Brazil

At eutrophic shallow subtropical lakes, free-floating macrophytes can occupy the entire water surface. The removal of this vegetation favors the recolonization of submerged macrophytes from the propagule bank. Our study presents the response of the propagule bank of a shallow subtropical lake after management to reduce its hypertrophy. We sampled lake sediment in March 2016 at 15 points along three transects to investigate the richness and density of the propagule bank by emergence in the laboratory. We monitored water trophic conditions and restoration of vegetation in the field for 7 months. In the laboratory, 1382 seedlings of eight species emerged. Stuckenia pectinata and Chara zeylanica dominated the propagule bank. We identified the species S. pectinata, C. zeylanica and Ludwigia peploides in the field. The propagule bank was homogeneous, without difference (P>0.05) between lake regions and transects. Sorensen’s similarity was 36% between the field and laboratory. When the submerged macrophytes grew in the field, there was a reduction of chlorophylla, the water remained clear, and the trophic state index was reduced from hypereutrophic to eutrophic. We concluded that the bank of propagules in shallow lakes is essential for the rapid reestablishment of submerged macrophytes after recovery strategies. These organisms help improve water quality.
OBSERVATIONAL QUANTIFICATION OF THE ENERGY DISSIPATED BY ALFVÉN WAVES IN A POLAR CORONAL HOLE: EVIDENCE THAT WAVES DRIVE THE FAST SOLAR WIND

We present a measurement of the energy carried and dissipated by Alfven waves in a polar coronal hole. Alfven waves have been proposed as the energy source that heats the corona and drives the solar wind. Previous work has shown that line widths decrease with height in coronal holes, which is a signature of wave damping, but have been unable to quantify the energy lost by the waves. This is because line widths depend on both the non-thermal velocity v nt and the ion temperature T i. We have implemented a means to separate the T i and v nt contributions using the observation that at low heights the waves are undamped and the ion temperatures do not change with height. This enables us to determine the amount of energy carried by the waves at low heights, which is proportional to v nt. We find the initial energy flux density present was 6.7 ± 0.7 × 105 erg cm–2 s–1, which is sufficient to heat the coronal hole and accelerate the solar wind during the 2007-2009 solar minimum. Additionally, we find that about 85% of this energy is dissipated below 1.5 R ☉, sufficiently low that thermal conduction can transport the energy throughout the coronal hole, heating it and driving the fast solar wind. The remaining energy is roughly consistent with what models show is needed to provide the extended heating above the sonic point for the fast solar wind. We have also studied T i, which we found to be in the range of 1-2 MK, depending on the ion species.
Stability of Rossby waves in the beta-plane approximation

Floquet theory is used to describe the unstable spectrum at large scales of the beta-plane equation linearized about Rossby waves. Base flows consisting of one to three Rossby wave are considered analytically using continued fractions and the method of multiple scales, while base flow with more than three Rossby waves are studied numerically. It is demonstrated that the mechanism for instability changes from inflectional to triad resonance at an O(1) transition Rhines number Rh, independent of the Reynolds number. For a single Rossby wave base flow, the critical Reynolds number Re^c for instability is found in various limits. In the limits Rh --> infinity and k --> 0, the classical value Re^c = sqrt(2) is recovered. For Rh --> 0 and all orientations of the Rossby wave except zonal and meridional, the base flow is unstable for all Reynolds numbers; a zonal Rossby wave is stable, while a meridional Rossby wave has critical Reynolds number Re^c = sqrt(2). For more isotropic base flows consisting of many Rossby waves (up to forty), the most unstable mode is purely zonal for 2 <= Rh < infinity and is nearly zonal for Rh = 1/2, where the transition Rhines number is again O(1), independent of the Reynolds number and consistent with a change in the mechanism for instability from inflectional to triad resonance.
Laboratory Studies of Astronomical Ices: Reaction Chemistry and Spectroscopy.

ConspectusScientists have had evidence for molecules in both comets and interstellar space since the 19th and early 20th centuries. Since then, extraterrestrial molecules ranging from simple diatom...
Super Mario Meets AI: The Effects of Automation on Team Performance and Coordination in a Videogame Experiment

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have piqued interest in how these technological advances will transform jobs and labor markets. While prior work has focused on understanding the tasks where AI outperforms humans, we ask how the introduction of automated agents affects teams, their routines, and organizations. We randomize the introduction of automated agents and new hires into "experimental firms" engaging in a coordination-based game on the Nintendo Switch console. We demonstrate experimentally that even in a task where automated agents outperform humans, the introduction of an automated agent decreases team performance. These effects are especially large in the short-term and in low- and medium-skilled teams. We furthermore document that automation can generate adverse spillover effects into teams that do not receive an automated agent but must coordinate with it. Our results indicate that these effects are driven by an increase in coordination failures, and we provide suggestive evidence that automation reduces team trust and individual effort provision. Overall, our team-based approach highlights that human-machine interaction is key to expanding our understanding of how AI will transform teams, organizations, and work more broadly.
Physician descriptions of the influence of pay for performance on medical decision-making

Abstract Objectives To explore physician descriptions of the influence of pay for performance (P4P) programs on their medical decision-making for the delivery of health care through three antecedents of behavior intention—attitude toward program compliance, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. Study design/setting This study utilized a qualitative descriptive research methodology to capture physician descriptions through semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Primary data was collected from actively practicing physicians in the United States with P4P experience. Principal findings The findings imply that multiple factors influence physicians’ attitudes toward program compliance summarized by four primary themes: (a) program compliance and beliefs of physicians in delivering patient care, (b) design, control, and performance motivation, (c) physician performance measurements and the opinions of others, and (d) patient care and compensation program considerations. Conclusions The findings suggest that physician involvement in the design, implementation, communication, and on-going evaluation of P4P models influence physician behavior. The findings also suggest that physicians are motivated by the delivery of what they believe is good patient care more than by P4P financial incentives. Finally, the most influential voices for physician P4P compliance includes their physician peers and administrators. Outside of the larger societal benefit of P4P compliance, individual family, friends, policymakers, payors, and others have little to no influence on physician decision-making.
A Novel Design of Hybrid Hydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Fog Harvesting

The continuous growth in the human population and climate change exacerbates the problems related to water scarcity. Harvesting the atmospheric water can mitigate the water scarcity in many regions around the globe. Fog collection using hybrid hydrophilic-superhydrophobic surfaces has the capacity to achieve a higher water collection rate. In this paper, a new method and materials are introduced to create the hybrid surfaces. The method includes additive manufacturing- to make sheets with holes-, mixing and casting polymeric matrix composite, and a controlled spray coating mechanism. The materials comprised of hydrophobic coating on top of the acrylic printed sheet and hydrophilic composite. The ratios of the pitches to diameters of the hydrophilic regions varied during the experiments to obtain the best water generation. The water collection rate for the sample with diameters of 583 um and a pitch of 1600 um has achieved 57% more than the untreated hydrophilic sample. The contrast in wettability accomplished by this novel method has the potential to be implemented on a large scale for atmospheric water harvesting.
Laying the groundwork for in-class groupwork with readings beyond the textbook

The author of this article describes individual pre-class and group in-class assignments based on current news articles. Guided student pre-class readings of periodical articles can form the basis ...
Maternal and neonatal outcomes following waterbirth: a cohort study of 17,530 waterbirths and 17,530 propensity score-matched land births

Objective Investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes following waterbirth. Design Retrospective cohort study, with propensity score matching to address confounding. Setting Community births, United States. Sample Medical records-based registry data from low-risk births were used to create waterbirth and land birth groups (n=17,530 each), propensity score-matched on >80 demographic and pregnancy risk covariables METHODS: Logistic regression models compared outcomes between the matched waterbirth and land birth groups MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal: immediate postpartum transfer to a hospital, any genital tract trauma, severe (3rd /4th degree) trauma, haemorrhage >1000 cc, diagnosed haemorrhage regardless of estimated blood loss, uterine infection, uterine infection requiring hospitalisation, any hospitalisation in the first 6 weeks. Neonatal: umbilical cord avulsion; immediate neonatal transfer to a hospital; respiratory distress syndrome; any hospitalisation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, or neonatal infection in the first 6 weeks; and neonatal death. Results Waterbirth was associated with improved or no difference in outcomes for most measures, including neonatal death (aOR 0.56 [95% CI, 0.31 - 1.0]), and maternal or neonatal hospitalisation in the first 6 weeks (0.87 [0.81 - 0.92] and 0.95 [0.90 - 0.99], respectively). Increased morbidity in the waterbirth group was observed for two outcomes only: uterine infection (1.25 [1.05 - 1.48]) (but not hospitalisation for infection) and umbilical cord avulsion (1.57 [1.37 - 1.82]). Our results are concordant with other studies: waterbirth is neither as harmful as some current guidelines suggest, nor as benign as some proponents claim.
Evidence of early Spanish contact on the Georgia coast

Excavations at the Taylor Mound, a late Savannah phase burial mound on St. Simons Island, Georgia, resulted in the discovery of several intrusive burials containing material of European origin. These artifacts produce specific 16th Century dates and represent what are among the earliest historic remains recovered from coastal Georgia.
Musculoskeletal Imaging in the Pregnant and Postpartum Patient

Musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging in the pregnant and postpartum patient includes advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fluid-sensitive sequences which depict bone and muscle injuries not detected by other MRI studies and ultrasound. Neither produces ionizing radiation and, in most cases, intravenous contrast is not needed limiting risks even in pregnant patients. With MSK-specific MRI, new insights can be gained on stress injuries/fractures in the pelvis and pain syndromes, osteitis pubis, osteitis condensans ilii, transient osteopenia of the hip, and sports-related injuries. Muscle and skeletal injuries associated with childbirth including pubic and sacral diastasis can be evaluated more completely providing information, which may lead to improved management. Pelvic MSK infections can be diagnosed earlier with the use of MSK MRI preventing complications. Ultrasound can be used for evaluation of superficial MSK structures and for detection of round ligament varicosities and occult hernias during pregnancy. Advances in MRI with MR neurography and in high-resolution ultrasound increase the value imaging can provide in the diagnosis and management of neuropathy in those patients with atypical or severe presentations.
FP729LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN SERUM FERRITIN FROM 2007 TO 2011 IN A LARGE INCIDENT COHORT OF US HEMODIALYIS PATIENTS

Author(s): Kim, Taehee; Streja, Elani; Obi, Yoshitsugu; Rhee, Connie; Moradi, Hamid; Kovesdy, Csaba; Mehrotra, Rajnish; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kam
Breast cancer screening adherence in African-American women: Black cosmetologists promoting health

African Americans suffer a disproportionate burden of illness. Afrocentric, community-based health education programs that create permanent health resources within the community offer a viable means to reduce morbidity and mortality. This feasibility study randomized African-American cosmetologists into two groups of peer health educators and trained them to pass along health information to their clients. Cosmetologists in one arm were trained to become actively involved peer health educators, whereas, in the other arm, they were trained to be informed generally about the information they were passing along to their clients. An African-American ancestral storyteller refined the cosmetologists' storytelling skills to facilitate inclusion of key health facts and their repetition to others. Cosmetologists and their clients reported high acceptance of the cosmetologists as peer health educators. Cosmetologists preferred the active involvement in health education over the more passive role and reported no negative consequences to their business. Reported adherence to screening guidelines exceeded the Year 2000 goals for mammograms. Although the reported awareness of and training for breast self examination (BSE) were high, neither the cosmetologists' nor their clients' initial BSE skills suggested that prior teaching had occurred to the point of mastery. Clients reported their willingness to share their health-promotion information with other women. Although difficulties recruiting and retaining women to this research study were reduced by this Afrocentric model, they were not resolved entirely. Overall, this health-promotion model offers considerable promise as a way to reach African-American women with health-promotion information, whereas the feasibility study identified design modifications that will be necessary prior to project expansion. Cancer 1998;83:1836-1839. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Dissection of the genetic programs of p53-mediated G1 growth arrest and apoptosis: blocking p53-induced apoptosis unmasks G1 arrest

Employing the myeloblastic leukemia M1 cell line, which does not express endogenous p53, and genetically engineered variants, it was recently shown that activation of p53, using a p53 temperature-sensitive mutant transgene (p53ts), resulted in rapid apoptosis that was delayed by high level ectopic expression of bcl-2. In this report, advantage has been taken of these M1 variants to investigate the relationship between p53-mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis. Flow cytometric cell cycle analysis has provided evidence that activation of wild-type (wt) p53 function in M1 cells resulted in the induction of G1 growth arrest; this was clearly seen in the M1p53/bcl-2 cells because of the delay in apoptosis that unmasked p53-induced G1 growth arrest. This finding was further corroborated at the molecular level by analysis of the expression and function of key cell cycle regulatory genes in M1p53 versus M1p53/bcl-2 cells after the activation of wt p53 function; events that take place at early times during the p53-induced G1 arrest occur in both the M1p53 and the M1p53/bcl-2 cells, whereas later events occur only in the M1p53/bcl-2 cells, which undergo delayed apoptosis, thereby allowing the cells to complete G1 arrest. Finally, it was observed that a spectrum of p53 target genes implicated in p53-induced growth suppression and apoptosis were similarly regulated, either induced (gadd45, waf1, mdm2, and bax) or suppressed (c-myc and bcl-2), after activation of wt p53 function in M1p53 and M1p53/bcl-2 cells. Taken together, these findings show that wt p53 can simultaneously induce the genetic programs of both G1 growth arrest and apoptosis within the same cell type, in which the genetic program of cell death can proceed in either G1-arrested (M1p53/bcl-2) or cycling (M1p53) cells. These findings increase our understanding of the functions of p53 as a tumor suppressor and how alterations in these functions could contribute to malignancy.
Can the Trustee Recover? Imputation of Fraud to Bankruptcy Trustees in Suits Against Third-Party Service Providers

Corporate fraud has become a familiar headline over the last decade and has forced several companies whose managers have committed that fraud to file for bankruptcy. In these cases, a trustee will often be appointed to represent and manage the bankruptcy estate. This trustee is vested with the rights of the debtor corporation upon filing and may try to sue third-party service providers (e.g., accounting firms, law firms, investment banks) for conspiring in, or negligently failing to detect, the fraud. Federal and state courts have disagreed over whether the bankruptcy trustee should be permitted to recover damages from these third parties. Some find that the trustee is burdened by the fraud and cannot recover, while others decide that the trustee should not be burdened by it. But the line between these two camps cannot be drawn cleanly. Courts that reach the same conclusion often do so for significantly different reasons. This Note seeks to place these decisions into a clear and more understandable framework and proposes a balance between the use of federal and state law that should provide guidance to the courts when considering this matter in the future.
Extraction of signature and seal imprint from bankchecks by using color information

The author proposes an extraction method for signatures and seal imprints using their color information for the automatic verification of Japanese bankchecks. The colors of the signature, the seal imprint, and the background pattern are generally different from each other. Accordingly the pixels of a color bank-check image consist of three clusters corresponding to signature, seal imprint and background in RGB 3D color space. The specific color region (i.e. the signature or seal imprint) can be extracted by projecting orthogonally all pixels of the bank-check image on to an appropriate axis in RGB color space, and by thresholding. An extraction program based on this method has been tested on about 40 images of real Japanese bankchecks with handwritten signatures and seal imprints. Experimental results show that this method can extract signatures and seal imprints separately and accurately.
Desorption kinetics of H/Mo(211)

Abstract The desorption kinetics of the H Mo (211) chemisorption system were studied by thermal desorption and measurement of adsorption isobars. Analysis of the steady-state measurements permits the independent determination of the desorption energy ( E d ) and prefactor ( v ). These quantities are found to depend strongly on coverage, with ( E d ) varying continuously from 145 kJ mol at low coverage to 65 kJ mol near saturation. Three regions of hydrogen adsorption are clearly indicated by the isobars as well as the thermal desorption traces. These regions can be correlated with structural changes observed previously with HREELS and LEED. The coverage dependence of the kinetic parameters is attributed to hydrogen-induced local distortions of the substrate structure. By relating the desorption energy to the isosteric heat the partial molar entropy is also extracted from the data and indicates localized adsorption as well as significant adsorbate-induced changes in the substrate degrees of freedom.