cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FATIGUE PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION OF T650-35/AMB21 LAMINATES UNDER ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

The objective of this work is to identify the mechanisms of damage in tension-tension fatigue of unidirectional T650-35 carbon fiber / AMB-21 polyimide laminates under ambient and elevated temperatures. AMB-21 is a polymer developed by NASA Glenn Research Center as a non-carcinogenic environmentally friendly polyimide. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior of the unidirectional T650-35/AMB-21 polymer composite system. Quasi-static tensile and fatigue properties were examined. Applied loads and resulting strains were recorded, and replica was taken during fatigue cycling to monitor damage progression and provide insight for analytical modeling efforts. Accomplishments included successful fatigue testing with tabbed dog-bone shaped specimen in which failure occurred away from the tabs, and the determination of the fatigue life diagrams at room and high temperature. The data obtained will help in assessing replacement of PMR-15 with AMB-21 as a matrix for high temperature applications. In this paper, the authors report the results of their experimental effort together with closing remarks addressing the modeling issues.
A Transition Metal Lewis Acid/Base Triad System for Cooperative Substrate Binding

A frustrated Lewis pair accessory functionality is positioned in the secondary coordination sphere of a terpyridine ligand (TpyBN = 6-morpholino-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-6″-boronic acid pinacol ester) to promote directed Lewis acid/base interactions. Following metalation with VCl3, the utility of the metal Lewis acid/base triad (LABT) is highlighted with N2H4 as a cooperatively coordinated substrate, affording the first η2-[N2H3]− vanadium complex.
On Coded Modulation for Optical Transmission: Invited Tutorial, OFC 2016

Shannon capacity is reviewed. Key parameters of coded modulation impacting BER are explained. Representative research work is highlighted, including TCM, multi-dimensional modulation with improved linear/nonlinear tolerance, and bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding.
The Individual Decision to Unionize

This study examines determinates of two employee behaviors in the union organizing process: pro-union activism in the organizing campaign, and vote for union certification. Using data gathered from...
Optical imaging of irradiated and non-irradiated hearts(Conference Presentation)

Objective: In this study, the metabolic state of the heart tissue is studied in a rodent model of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in rats exposed to irradiation injury using a cryofluorescence imaging technique. Mitochondrial metabolic state is evaluated by autofluorescence of mitochondrial metabolic coenzymes NADH and FAD. The redox ratio (NADH/FAD) is used as a biochemical/metabolic marker of oxidative stress, before, during and after IR. Materials and methods: Hearts were extracted from non-irradiated (control) and irradiated rats (Irr) given 15 Gy whole thorax irradiation rats (WTI). After 35 days, before the onset of radiation pneumonitis, these two groups of hearts were subjected to one of three treatments; Time control (TC; hearts perfused for the duration of the protocol without ischemia or IR), 25 minutes ischemia with no reperfusion and 25 minutes ischemia followed by 60 minutes reperfusion (IR). Hearts were removed from the Langendorff perfusion system and immediately snap frozen in liquid N2 to preserve the metabolic state after injury; 3-dimensional (3D) cryo-fluorescent imager was used to obtain in fixed time NADH and FAD fluorescence images and their distribution across the entire ventricles. In this study, a 30-μm axial resolution was used resulting in 550 cross-section images per heart. The 3D images of the redox ratio and their respective histograms were calculated in the six groups of hearts. Results: We compared the mean values of the redox ratio in each group, which demonstrate a reduced mitochondrial redox state in both irradiated and non-irradiated ischemic hearts and an oxidized mitochondrial redox state for both irradiated and non-irradiated ischemia-reperfusion hearts compared to control hearts. For non-irradiated hearts, ischemia and IR injuries resulted respectively in 61% increase and 54% decrease in redox ratio when compared with TC. For irradiated hearts, ischemia and IR injuries resulted respectively in 90% increase and 50% decrease in redox ratio when compared to TC. Conclusion: The cryoimager is able to quantify ischemia and IR injuries. Cryoimaging is a unique 3D imaging tools that provides quantitative measurement of tissue metabolic state. Hearts that underwent irradiation indicates a more oxidized metabolic state in the tissue. This change persists across all three treatments.
Energy metabolism and in vivo cytochrome c oxidase redox relationships in hypoxic rat brain

Rats were subjected to graded arterial hypoxia while we measured changes in the oxidation level of cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome aa3) in the brain by a non-invasive, optical technique. The experiments were terminated at different arterial oxygen tensions (hypoxic levels) and the in vivo observations were compared with in vitro measured changes in metabolites known to reflect limitations in cellular aerobic energy production, e.g. glucose, pyruvate, lactate, phosphocreatine, ATP and ADP. Using absorption changes at 605 nm, in vivo cytochrome aa3 was 46% reduced in normoxia as determined by the range between the maximal oxidation level attained with animals breathing 85% O2 + 15% CO2 and maximal reduction with anoxia (100% N2). Hypoxia reduced cytochrome aa3 to levels of 52, 67, 76, and 84% at mean PaO2 values of 53, 39, 35 and 28 mm Hg, respectively. These increases in reduced cytochrome correlated significantly (r = 0.94) with cortical phosphocreatine depletion, lactate production, and increases in the lactate/pyruvate ratio. However, there were no significant changes in ATP or ADP. Rats did not survive below an FIO2 of 7% because of a precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure. Hypoxically-induced cerebral isoelectricity was coincident with a 50% increase in the cytochrome reduction level (to 73% of the total range defined above). Our results indicate that in vivo monitoring of the reduction level of cytochrome aa3 provides an early, continuous, and direct measure of intracellular oxygen insufficiency at levels which adversely affect aerobic energy production.
Gender and Ideology in the Spread of Anti-Abortion Policy

In the past few years an unprecedented wave of anti-abortion policies were introduced and enacted in state governments in the U.S., affecting millions of constituents. We study this rapid spread of policy change as a function of the underlying ideology of constituents. We examine over 200,000 public messages posted on Twitter surrounding abortion in the year 2013, a year that saw 82 new anti-abortion policies enacted. From these posts, we characterize people's expressions of opinion on abortion and show how these expressions align with policy change on these issues. We detail a number of ideological differences between constituents in states enacting anti versus pro-abortion policies, such as a tension between the moral values of purity versus fairness, and a differing emphasis on the fetus versus the pregnant woman. We also find significant differences in how males versus females discuss the issue of abortion, including greater emphasis on health and religion by males. Using these measures to characterize states, we can construct models to explain the spread of abortion policy from state to state and project which types of abortion policies a state will introduce. Models defining state similarity using our Twitter-based measures improved policy projection accuracy by 7.32% and 12.02% on average over geographic and poll-based ideological similarity, respectively. Additionally, models constructed from the expressions of male-only constituents perform better than models from the expressions of female-only constituents, suggesting that the ideology of men is more aligned with the recent spread of anti-abortion legislation than that of women.
Americanizing Latinos, Latinoizing America: The Political Consequences of Latino Incorporation*

Objective Because of the increased attention Democrats and Republicans are paying to the Latino vote, both parties may find it necessary to change their platforms and rhetoric to appeal to Latino policy preferences. This research examines the impact of Americanization on Latino policy preferences. Methods Using data from the 2006 Latino National Survey, we create a continuous scale that measures the extent to which Latinos have Americanized, that is, become incorporated into the U.S. mainstream. We use multivariate analyses to examine the effect of Americanization on a wide range of salient policy preferences. Results Our research shows that across a wide array of issues, Latinos vary considerably among themselves in terms of their level of Americanization, even after accounting for a rich set of control variables commonly found to predict policy preferences. Our results also indicate that, regardless of levels of Americanization, Latinos approach unanimity in their support of an expanded socioeconomic safety net supported by the government. Conclusions Our results indicate that Latino policy preferences are well to the left of the national mainstream and indeed include policies that are anathema to the Republican Party. The political implications of these preferences are that despite increased outreach, Republicans will find it difficult to woo Latino voters, and it will be challenging for Democrats to maintain or increase their Latino support.
Who Takes MOOCs

The chapter examines MOOC student demographics, learner characteristics, and discusses six tensions that result from existing trends in who takes MOOCs.
Representations of translators and translation in Japanese fiction

This paper examines some 40 Japanese fictional works containing portray-als of translators or translation (here understood as including interpreting). It explores Japanese writers’use of translation as a metafictional device, the extent to which these works (mis)represent reality, whether they are positive or negative depictions, and the insights they provide into how translators and translation are regarded by Japanese authors and, by extension, the Japanese public. Recurring themes are analyzed, such as marginality and identity issues, power and fidelity, author/translator relations, attitudes toward translators, and translation as a profession and business. Of par-ticular interest is the question of how Japanese depictions might differ from those by Anglo-American writers.
Characterization of Temperature Profiles in Skin and Transdermal Delivery System When Exposed to Temperature Gradients In Vivo and In Vitro

Performance of a transdermal delivery system (TDS) can be affected by exposure to elevated temperature, which can lead to unintended safety issues. This study investigated TDS and skin temperatures and their relationship in vivo, characterized the effective thermal resistance of skin, and identified the in vitro diffusion cell conditions that would correlate with in vivo observations. Experiments were performed in humans and in Franz diffusion cells with human cadaver skin to record skin and TDS temperatures at room temperature and with exposure to a heat flux. Skin temperatures were regulated with two methods: a heating lamp in vivo and in vitro, or thermostatic control of the receiver chamber in vitro. In vivo basal skin temperatures beneath TDS at different anatomical sites were not statistically different. The maximum tolerable skin surface temperature was approximately 42–43°C in vivo. The temperature difference between skin surface and TDS surface increased with increasing temperature, or with increasing TDS thermal resistance in vivo and in vitro. Based on the effective thermal resistance of skin in vivo and in vitro, the heating lamp method is an adequate in vitro method. However, the in vitro-in vivo correlation of temperature could be affected by the thermal boundary layer in the receiver chamber.
Revisiting the two-stage EOQ/EPQ model with inelastic demand: decentralisation and coordination

Two-stage operations models serve as a basic unit of analysis for understanding economic trade-offs and conflicting incentives among supply chain partners. We discuss the evolution of such buyer–supplier inventory control models based on the economic order quantity model during the past four decades. In particular, we focus on coordination factors that come into play when the two stages are managed by separate parties based on local incentives. Within this model setting, we characterise conditions under which channel coordination can be achieved using a simple mechanism that does not require costly interaction or negotiation between the two parties. The associated mechanism uses a simple wholesale price with the possible addition of a minimum order quantity (or, alternatively, an associated quantity discount structure). This analysis highlights the key structural drivers that lead to tension between the supplier’s and buyer’s operations preferences and applies a simple approach for mitigating this tension.
MUX-DEMUX using a Spatial Wave-Function Switched Field Effect Transistor (SWSFET)

A spatial wave-function switched field effect transistor (SWSFET) conducts through different channels within its structure. The switching of charge carriers between different channels can be controlled by the gate voltage. The self-consistent Schrodinger and Poisson equation solution can explain the switching of charge population in different channels of a SWSFET. A circuit model is developed by modifying the BSIM 3.2.2 IGFET (Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor) model. Different circuits can be designed for a SWSFET with less circuit elements than conventional CMOS. The innovative circuit design using the SWSFET can make only electrons participate in the circuit operation with better performance. This work discusses the design of an ultrafast 3-in-1 multiplexer and 1-to-3 demultiplexer using the SWSFET where only one SWSFET is used to design the circuit.
Why Do Disordered and Structured Proteins Behave Differently in Phase Separation

Intracellular membraneless organelles and their myriad cellular functions have garnered tremendous recent interest. It is becoming well accepted that they form via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of protein mixtures (often including RNA), where the organelles correspond to a protein-rich droplet phase coexisting with a protein-poor bulk phase. The major protein components contain disordered regions and often also RNA-binding domains, and the disordered fragments on their own easily undergo LLPS. By contrast, LLPS for structured proteins has been observed infrequently. The contrasting phase behaviors can be explained by modeling disordered and structured proteins, respectively, as polymers and colloids. These physical models also provide a better understanding of the regulation of droplet formation by cellular signals and its dysregulation leading to diseases.
Imagination: Imaginations of the Nation—Childhood and Children’s Literature in Modern China

This essay explores the intertwined relationship between the construction of nationhood and that of childhood in modern China. I argue that the figure of the child has played an indispensible role in the nationalist-oriented political and social imaginations of modern China since the early twentieth century. The modern Chinese child and children’s literature came into being in the early twentieth century when China was fashioning itself into a modern nation. During the period, an innocent child came to embody the desired new nation and became the dominant model of childhood celebrated in the emerging children’s literature. However, as the Chinese Communist Party gradually emerged as the national leader, the innocent child gave way to a politically informed proletarian child underlying revolutionary children’s literature of the Maoist era. Since China ended its socialist period and shifted the national mission to economic development at the end of the 1970s, the meaning of the child has also changed in accordance with a new form of nationalism.
John Marshall's Constitution: Distinguishing Originalism from Ipse Dixit in Constitutional Adjudication

This Article is the first comprehensive treatment of the constitutional jurisprudence of the Marshall Court (1801–1835) from the perspective of originalism. Until recently, there seemed to be no need for such a study. Early originalists, who wrote in the late 1960s and early 1970s, assumed that constitutional adjudication had been originalist until at least the Lochner Era. With the move from intentionalism to textualism in the 1980s, originalists came to understand their movement as an innovation and a reaction against the perceived excesses of the Warren and Burger Courts. Originalists no longer claimed that originalist methodology informed nineteenth-century constitutional adjudication. Recently, however, originalists have revived earlier claims that constitutional adjudication in the United States has always been originalist. This Article maintains that such claims are doubly misleading. First, the Marshall Court invoked the Framers’ intentions but never undertook any investigation into those intentions. Second, this rhetorical intentionalism by no means predominated as the Marshall Court’s governing interpretive approach. Rather, that approach was eclectic. Historical reasoning, common law precedent, and ipse dixit pronouncements predominated in the constitutional adjudication of the Marshall Court and throughout the Early Republic. Both contemporary originalism and contemporary non-originalism have much in common with the interpretive approach of the Marshall Court. All begin their inquiries with an examination of the constitutional text. However, the two core dogmas of contemporary originalism, which Larry Solum has described as 1) the fixation thesis and 2) the constraint principle, were rarely relevant to the Marshall Court’s inquiries. The constitutional text rarely provided clear constraints on the Court’s discretion because, to borrow language from New Originalists, their cases arose in the “zone of construction” where original meaning “runs out.” Justices chose among plausible arguments about the Constitution’s meaning. At key points, the Justices simply declared what the law was, not without justification, but also not based on evidence of the Framers’ intent or the original meaning of the constitutional text.
Successful Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Jehovah's Witness: An Individualized Approach With Joint Decision-Making.

The management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) presents a unique challenge in individuals who are unable to accept plasma due to religious beliefs, given that therapeutic plasma exchan...
Imperfect Utilitarians: Risk Assessment and 'High Conflict' Moral Questions

This work-in-progress examines how individuals calculate risk in cognitive "system conflict" situations where Kantian and Utilitarian values oppose each other. A survey was conducted in which respondents showed a significant change in value preferences compared to baseline when a risk element was introduced, indicating that individuals make systematic errors in risk calculation when faced with cognitively difficult choices between competing value systems. The Paper concludes by examining the implications of this finding for jury decisionmaking and regulatory policy choice.
Hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and hypervitaminosis D precipitated by supplementation in a susceptible individual

Vitamin D supplementation is common among the general public. Although generally considered safe, vitamin D supplement-induced toxicity has been reported, often in association with manufacturing or labeling errors. Additionally, selected patient populations may have a hypersensitivity to vitamin D supplementation, leading to consequences due to supraphysiologic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. A 58-y-old woman developed hypercalcemia and its sequelae while on vitamin D supplementation. Despite being vitamin D replete, a functional medicine practitioner prescribed vitamin D starting at 8000 IU/d, tapering to 2000 IU/d over 3 mo. Nephrolithiasis was diagnosed after 3 mo of vitamin D treatment. Laboratory testing revealed a high serum calcium, low parathyroid hormone (PTH), high 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. Further investigation demonstrated low serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] and a very high ratio of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D, leading to the consideration of loss of function mutation in cytochrome P450 (CYP)24A1, a key enzyme involved in the degradation of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D into inactive metabolites. This leads to the persistence of high levels of bioactive vitamin D metabolites, increasing the risk for development of intoxication with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation can precipitate hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis in individuals with altered vitamin D catabolism. This highlights the importance of monitoring serum calcium levels in patients who are being supplemented with vitamin D.
Frequent emergency department use in the paediatric population: A systematic literature review.

Objective We systematically reviewed the literature on paediatric frequent emergency department (ED) users to identify and to synthesize characteristics and factors associated with frequent ED utilization among this population in the United States. Methods We searched Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), and Embase (Ovid) to identify all relevant studies after 1990. We focused on US studies analysing paediatric frequent ED (PFED) users excluding those focused on specific subgroups. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data on predisposing, enabling, behavioural, need and reinforcing factors. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. PFED users comprised 3% to 14% of all paediatric ED users and accounted for 9% to 42% of all paediatric ED visits in 11 studies that defined frequent use as four to six ED visits per year. Most PFED users were less than 5 years old who had public insurance coverage and a regular provider. Public insurance compared to private residency in disadvantaged areas, having at least one chronic or complex condition and a history of hospitalization, were associated with frequent use. Children who had a regular primary care provider were less likely to exhibit frequent ED use. Conclusions Minimizing unnecessary ED visits by frequent utilizers is a quality improvement and cost-saving priority for health systems. Our findings indicate that many PFED users have greater healthcare needs and face barriers accessing care in a timely manner, even though some have regular providers. To better address the needs of this vulnerable group, health systems should focus on educating caregivers and expanding access to providers in other settings.
Optimal Participation of PEV charging stations integrated with Smart Buildings in the Wholesale Energy and Reserve Markets

The emerging nano-Grids (n-Grids), which we designated as commercial or residential buildings hosting electric vehicle charging stations, a fixed battery storage and photovoltaic panels integrated with the building's load, all being interfaced to the grid through a bidirectional energy exchange framework may provide substantial advantages to the power grid and n-Grid owner. The n-Grids, because of their substantial energy storage capacity and ramp rate, have an added capability, if aggregated can provide ancillary services, reserve in particular, for the wholesale market. In this paper, the optimal framework for their aggregated participation in the day-ahead energy and reserve markets is developed. In the developed bi-level optimization, at a centralized level the aggregator attempts to maximize its profitability by offering optimal energy and reserve prices to the n-Grids. At the decentralized level, the n-Grid optimizer, based on the prices offered by its aggregator, while assuring its own flexibility and dependability, runs the scheduling of its resources to maximize their profit from energy and reserve product procurement. The simulation results demonstrate that the n-Grids are able to provide significant flexibility and resilience to the system by leveraging their high ramp and storage capacity, and as a consequence, provide financial profit to their owners.
Practice Responses to Climigration

In this chapter, the three-tier model of climate-related impacts is used to identify health and social services that can potentially prevent, manage, and mitigate the impacts of climate change and climate-related population displacement. It describes how Tier I services can address immediate socioenvironmental needs by developing sustainable communities in areas undergoing environmental changes as well as host communities of displaced climate refugees; how Tier II services can address the potential for social tension and conflict resulting from the differential distribution of resources and arrival of displaced individuals in host communities; and how Tier III services can address health issues such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, domestic violence, disruptive childhood behavior, and climate-related diseases experienced by displaced populations. The chapter will provide suggestions for community planning for influx of climate refugees, including acquisition and distribution of resources and housing and efforts to develop host communities that are socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable based on United Nations SDGs. It also describes specific evidence-based programs, practices, and interventions that can be delivered to climate refugees to address physical and mental health, housing, and employment needs.
Predicting Mortality in Liver Transplant Candidates

Donated livers are assigned to eligible matches among patients on the transplant list according to a sickest-first policy, which ranks patients by their score via the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD). While the MELD score is indeed predictive of mortality on the transplant list, the score was fit with just three features, for a different task (outcomes from a shunt insertion procedure), and on a potentially un-representative cohort. These facts motivate us to investigate the MELD score, assessing its predictive performance compared to modern ML techniques and the fairness of the allocations vis-a-vis demographics such as gender and race. We demonstrate that assessing the quality of the MELD score is not straightforward: waitlist mortality is only observed for those patients who remain on the list (and don’t receive transplants). Interestingly, we find that MELD performs comparably to a linear model fit on the same features and optimized directly to predict same-day mortality. Using a wider set of available covariates, gradient-boosted decision trees achieve .926 AUC (compared to .867 for MELD-Na). However, some of the additional covariates might be problematic, either from a standpoint of procedural fairness, or because they might expose the process to possible gaming due to manipulability by doctors.
Intonational Structure Influences Perception of Contrastive Vowel Length: The Case of Phrase-Final Lengthening in Tokyo Japanese.

Recent research has proposed that listeners use prosodic information to guide their processing of phonemic contrasts. Given that prosodic organization of the speech signal systematically modulates ...
Access to Neurosurgery in the Era of Narrowing Insurance Networks: Statewide Analysis of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Marketplace Plans in Arizona

Objective The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) sought to expand access to health care for 46 million uninsured Americans. Increasing consumer coverage and ensuring affordability of care have raised concerns about ACA Marketplace plans with limited in-network physician coverage (narrow network plans). We assessed the neurosurgery coverage of ACA Marketplace plans in Arizona. Methods The Health Insurance Marketplace website was used to identify ACA Marketplace plans in Arizona. Plan-specific details were examined to search for in-network neurosurgeons (2016–2019). Physician- and patient-level information was obtained using Intellimed health care databases, which provide specific neurosurgery diagnosis-related group information. Results Although 5 insurance providers offered plans on the ACA Marketplace in Arizona, only 1 plan was available in 13 of 15 counties (87%). Evaluation of in-network coverage found that all in-network outpatient neurosurgery providers are in 5 of 15 counties (33%). Most of the other counties (9 of 10) have neurosurgery facilities, but do not have in-network access to neurosurgical care within the county (∼1.1 million people or 15% of the state population). Conclusions By narrowing the network of providers, insurance companies are attempting to maintain fiscal viability of their ACA Marketplace products. However, 10 of the 15 counties (67%) in Arizona do not have access to outpatient neurosurgical care through these plans despite the presence of neurosurgical facilities in most counties. Access to neurosurgical care requires consideration of network coverage in policies designed to expand coverage and coverage options for patients insured through the ACA Marketplace.
Understanding perceptions underlying the self-reported stress among parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Considerations for supporting families

Abstract Background Parents raising adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report higher stress than other parents. The influence of parents’ internal, or cognitive, experiences (i.e., their own perceptions) on this elevated stress has yet to be explored. Addressing this gap may reveal opportunities for enhancing support for families by elucidating malleable targets for reducing parents’ self-reported stress and/or informing family-focused intervention. The Double ABCX Model of Family Adaptation is a framework for understanding how perceptions, social support, and personal resources (i.e., coping) may affect stress. Methods We examined parents’ perceptions about ASD, perceived support, and coping among 214 parents of adolescents with ASD. Regression analyses were used to explore whether these factors were associated with parenting stress among those raising adolescents with ASD. Moderation effects of positive coping on the relationship between parent perceptions and parenting stress were also explored. Results Parent perceptions about within family support, the extent of ASD symptom predictability, and treatment being able to ‘control’ ASD were related to parenting stress. However, positive coping did not moderate the relationship between these perceptions and parenting stress. Conclusions Study findings emphasize significant associations between specific parental perceptions and the self-reported stress among families of adolescents with ASD. Particularly important to parenting stress were how much parents’ perceived adequate support within the family, that treatment was useful for controlling their adolescent’s ASD, and that their adolescent’s symptoms were predictable. These findings suggest that the way parents think about their adolescents’ ASD and the adequacy of the support within their own families are associated with parenting stress, and therefore may serve as treatment targets for positively affecting whole family outcomes, as well as foundations for additional research.
Greenthumb's Lawn and Design (a)

Friends Parker and Miles are brainstorming the possibilities of a local start-up—a landscaping venture that leverages their love of the outdoors and their self-taught green thumb skills in planting, mowing, edging, trimming, landscape design, and the like. Without any formal professional or business training, however, they strategize and slowly work through their “next steps,” taking into account the cost of their initial investment, potential competitors, target customers, and the type of budget-friendly advertising that will gain them a share of the local market. As they conceptually differentiate themselves in a way that creates business and customer value, are they ready to launch? Excerpt UVA-ENT-0210 Rev. Apr. 26, 2019 GreenThumb's Lawn and Design (A) Coffee Shop Plans Parker and Miles had been friends throughout high school. They had been through the ups and downs of life together and shared many memories—like the state basketball competition, school dances and parties, and of course, math class with the most attractive female math teacher in the county. After graduation, they had both attended community college and finished their associate degrees, but each had determined that a four-year degree was not their best path. Both Parker and Miles had worked since the age of 16—at retail jobs, as baggers at the local grocery store, and in the local car dealership's service center. While both men had a strong work ethic and a desire to learn, none of their jobs had led to a career path. Most recently, Parker had served six months in the county jail for distribution of marijuana—a “job” he was anxious to find an alternative to, now that he had been released on unsupervised parole for good behavior. Shortly after his release, the two friends (who were now 22) met up at a local coffee shop. Miles had just left his most recent employment—as a cashier at the local fast-food restaurant. They started mulling over their next best steps. Parker asked his friend, “Why don't we start a landscaping business?” “We both like to work outside,” he continued. “After working at the car dealership in the repair shop for so long, I can fix anything with a motor. We both have pickup trucks, and I can weld together some steel on a two-by-four platform to make a trailer for us to use. We could buy up a half-dozen used mowers and other power tools, and fix them when they break. It wouldn't cost us more than a couple hundred bucks each in startup money. And you know all there is to know about pruning trees and shrubs and planting flowers from your dad.” . . .
Artifact-oriented learning: a theoretical review of the impact of the arts on learning

Traditional reviews of arts education have focused on why the arts are valuable for learning, but the arts’ contributions to cross-disciplinary discourse remain undertheorized. In this article, we ...
Regional Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Essential Anatomy, Techniques, and Current Literature Review

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common joint arthroplasty surgical procedures. The goal of achieving adequate acute pain management in the post-operative setting remains a challenge. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the different modes of analgesia that are used to manage post-operative pain in patients undergoing hip surgery, primarily THA. To date, there exists no gold standard regional or multimodal pain regimen used for patients undergoing THA. Combining peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) with adjunctive measures such as local infiltration analgesia, gabapentenoids, systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and spinal (intrathecal) opioids allows the anesthesiologist to provide optimal analgesia with potential for minimal adverse effects, as well as prolonging the duration of pain control. Choosing the correct multimodal analgesic regimen (MMA) in patients undergoing THA is of utmost importance, as this can minimize side effects, optimize recovery, reduce the use of opioid consumption, and decrease overall post-operative morbidity and mortality. Newer regional anesthesia blocks like quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block have shown to provide effective analgesia for THA in recent studies.
Activity Networks and their Generalizations

Traditionally, an activity network is a representation of two particular aspects of a project: (i) the precedence relationship among the activities, and (ii) the duration of each activity. Precedence, denoted by “≺”, is a binary relation which is transitive (i.e., if ≺ v and v ≺ w then u ≺ w), non-reflexive (i.e.,u ⊀ u) and non-symmetric (i.e., if u ≺v then v ⊀ u). It comes about from technological and other considerations; for example, one cannot build the roof of a house without first having built the walls, which in turn must be preceded by the foundation, etc. In the network representation, the nodes are usually taken to depict ‘events’, which are considered as well-defined occurrences in time (such as ‘shipment received’, or ‘test completed’, etc.); and the arcs to depict activities (such as ‘construct foundation’, or ‘test for quality’, etc.), though the roles of these two components can certainly be interchanged, in which case nodes would represent activities and arcs represent events. An activity usually consumes something such as materials, energy, skills, money, etc., and it usually takes time to accomplish, though we shall talk of ‘dummy’ (or pseudo) activities which consume nothing and are of duration zero.
Racial Discrimination and African Americans’ Travel Behavior: The Utility of Habitus and Vignette Technique

This study investigated African Americans’ travel behavior using Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. In-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 13 middle-class African Americans. Vignette technique was used during the interviews. The study identified four salient themes: (1) racial discrimination during travel, (2) fear of racism, (3) storytelling and safety instructions: social reproduction of the fear of racism, and (4) race-related travel choices. The findings showed that informants’ travel behavior was linked to an acute fear of racism. They affirmed that African Americans’ travel patterns need to be conceived as a defensive mechanism against potential racial discrimination. Implications for research methods and tourism management are discussed.
Locke on Consciousness, Personal Identity and the Idea of Duration

It is as undeniable as it is unhelpful to say that for Locke personal identity consists in the identity of consciousness. It is undeniable because he just comes out and says as much in passages like the following: “[T]he same consciousness being preserv’d. . .the personal Identity is preserv’d.” (II.xxvii.13)1 It is unhelpful, however, for two reasons: First, it is unclear what consciousness is; what portion of a mind’s mental activity at a time is its “consciousness”? Second, even if we knew what, of all the myriad things going on in my mind now is my “consciousness” and we knew what, of all the myriad things that went on in the mind of a child who, in 1976 was forced to wear an embarrassing sailor suit, is his “consciousness”, it would still be unclear what conditions must be satisfied for the two “consciousnesses” to be the same. The simple memory theory of personal identity—the theory according to which later and earlier person-stages are stages of the same person just in case the later can remember the experience of the earlier—tries to solve both problems at once. The theory equates consciousness with any conscious act of awareness and then insists that two acts of awareness are the same in the relevant sense if they have the same content, if they are awarenesses of the very same thing. What makes my “consciousness” and the sailor-suitwearing boy’s the same, on this view, is that we are both aware of the same event, and in the same way. The simple memory theory has the great virtue of intelligibility, but it has many familiar problems, and there are familiar problems with attributing it to Locke. I won’t rehearse either here. My aim, instead, is to make some progress in determining what Locke actually understands “consciousness” to be and to use what I learn to shed some light on his theory of personal identity. Consciousness is, obviously, a form of awareness; this it has in common with sensation, which is also, for Locke, a form of
Differentiation of fractional order onp-groups, approximation properties

Пусть G-группа целыхp-а дических чисел или по ля рядов по модулюр. В [5] были вве де-ны понятия поточечной и сильной производных положительного дроб ного порядка для функций из классовС(G) илиLr(G) (1≦r<∞), и изучены некоторые основные с войства этих производных. В на стоящей работе продо лжается исследование сильны х производных. Исследуются свойств а насыщения и неоптим альной аппроксимации для оп ераторов, оп-ределяющ их сильные производные. В частности, устанавл ивается, что к рассматриваемым нами задачам примени ма общая теория, котор ая была разработана для иссл едования сходных вопросов П. Л. Б утцером, X. Беренсом, К. Ш ерером и другими авторами (см. [1], [2] или [4]).
Therapeutic Moderate Hypothermia for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Use of therapeutic hypothermia to treat patients with severe traumatic brain injury was described more than 50 years ago. Unexpected improvement in some of these patients was attributed to hypothermia, but none of the early studies systematically evaluated the efficacy of hypothermia, and many patients were thought to have been harmed by the treatment, particularly when cooled below 30°C or when cooled for longer than 48 hours. Recent investigations have found that therapeutic moderate hypothermia (32–34°C) for relatively brief durations can improve histological and behavioral outcome following experimental brain injury. Cooling to this degree and duration has not been implicated as a cause for the cardiac arrhythmias, coagulation abnormalities, or infections attributed to hypothermia in the earlier studies. These laboratory investigations also defined several neurochemical mechanisms through which hypothermia may limit secondary brain injury and brain swelling. Four clinical trials of therapeutic moderate hypothermia were completed during the past three years; each detected a beneficial effect from cooling patients with severe traumatic brain injury to 32 to 34°C for up to 48 hours. In the largest of these studies, therapeutic moderate hypothermia was shown to cause a significant improvement in neurological outcomes 3, 6, and 12 months after injury for those patients with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 5 to 7. The improvement in outcome for these patients was associated with a hypothermia-induced reduction of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin-1β and glutamate.
Π à la Node: Disordered d-Wave Superconductors in Two Dimensions for the Random Masses

We review work on the problem of disorder in the 2D d-wave superconducting state, and show that the symmetries of the normal state and the disorder distribution are vital for understanding the low-energy behavior. Most previous theoretical results for the density of states (DOS) are reconciled by a combination of exact numerical solutions of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations and weak localization calculations, which suggest that a novel diffusive mode with momentum (π, π) is responsible for a divergence of the DOS in the globally particle-hole symmetric case. We note briefly that the simple problem of a disordered tight-binding band of normal electrons displays some similar effects, which have been overlooked in the literature. Finally, in the physically realistic case of binary alloy disorder, no particle-hole symmetry, and an order parameter which is supressed around each impurity site, a power law with nonuniversal exponent is predicted.
Extracting information on CKM phases, electroweak penguin diagrams, and new physics from B-->VV decays

We derive constraints for $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{V}_{1}{V}_{2}$ modes ${(V}_{1,2}=$vector meson) that allow a model-independent quantitative assessment of the contributions from electroweak penguin diagrams and/or new physics. The interplay of direct $\mathrm{CP}$ with oscillation studies then may lead to the extraction of the angle $\ensuremath{\alpha},$ using $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\omega}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\omega}(\ensuremath{\varphi}).$ Any reservation one may have can be explicitly verified in a model-independent way by assuming only isospin conservation. We also briefly mention how the method can be used to extract $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ via ${B}_{s}$ decays: ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}\ensuremath{\rho}, {K}^{*}{K}^{*}.$
Automated analysis of hypocotyl growth dynamics during shade avoidance in Arabidopsis

Plants that are adapted to environments where light is abundant are especially sensitive to competition for light from neighboring vegetation. As a result, these plants initiate a series of changes known as the shade avoidance syndrome, during which plants elongate their stems and petioles at the expense of leaf development. Although the developmental outcomes of exposure to prolonged shade are known, the signaling dynamics during the initial exposure of seedlings to shade is less well studied. Here, we report the development of a new software-based tool, called HyDE (Hypocotyl Determining Engine) to measure hypocotyl lengths of time-resolved image stacks of Arabidopsis wild-type and mutant seedlings. We show that Arabidopsis grows rapidly in response to the shade stimulus, with measurable growth after just 45 min shade exposure. Similar to other mustard species, this growth response occurs in multiple distinct phases, including two phases of rapid growth and one phase of slower growth. Using mutants affected in shade avoidance phenotypes, we demonstrate that most of this early growth requires new auxin biosynthesis via the indole-3-pyruvate pathway. When activity of this pathway is reduced, the first phase of elongation growth is absent, and this is correlated with reduced activity of auxin-regulated genes. Finally, we show that varying shade intensity and duration can affect the shape and magnitude of the growth response, indicating a broad range of the elongation response to shade.
Biologically-Based Self-Assembling Hydrogels

Abstract : We have developed polymers, which borrowing from biology, assemble into networks. The self-assembly regions of fibrinogen were cloned to form a scaffolding that either interacts with fibrin or assembles independently. Peptides consisting of a binding pocket (BP), ligand (L), and/or a Factor XIIIa substrate were synthesized and conjugated to methacroylated dextran or acrylated poly(ethylene glycol). Peptide-conjugated dextran was added to polymerizing fibrin, and the resulting hydrogels were evaluated rheologically. These conjugates significantly affected the mechanical properties of fibrin while the addition of unconjugated dextran did not. The BP and L peptides were conjugated to PEG star polymer. Mixtures of conjugated PEG-BP and PEG-L were found to assemble. This work shows that peptides directing assembly can be designed using motifs found in proteins. The peptides in this study not only alter the mechanical properties of fibrin, but also allow a mechanism for creating a self-assembling network.
Optimal levels of process parameters for products with multiple characteristics

The purpose of off-line quality control is to design robust products using robust manufacturing processes before the actual manufacturing of the product. Most of the research work has focused on determining the optimal level settings of process parameters for products with a single quality characteristic. In this paper, we employ the loss function approach to determine the optimal level settings of the process parameters of the production processes for products with multiple characteristics.
Amyloglucosidase Hydrolysis Can Overestimate Starch Concentration of Plants

(...) The widely used amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus gave 89 to 93% hydrolysis of starch, but also 35 to 83% hydrolysis of β-glucans. Hydrolysis with α-amylase gave calculated starch concentrations for the grasses which were not significantly different from zero, but the Rhizopus enzyme gave starch estimates of 32 and 52 g kg −1 for tall fescue and orchardgrass, respectively. The amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus gave intermediate results. Neither amyloglucosidase should be used to estimate plant starch concentration