cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovering Data Permutations From Noisy Observations: The Linear Regime

This article considers a noisy data structure recovery problem. The goal is to investigate the following question: given a noisy observation of a permuted data set, according to which permutation was the original data sorted? The focus is on scenarios where data is generated according to an isotropic Gaussian distribution, and the noise is additive Gaussian with an arbitrary covariance matrix. This problem is posed within a hypothesis testing framework. The objective is to study the linear regime in which the optimal decoder has a polynomial complexity in the data size, and it declares the permutation by simply computing a permutation-independent linear function of the noisy observations. The main result of this article is a complete characterization of the linear regime in terms of the noise covariance matrix. Specifically, it is shown that this matrix must have a very flat spectrum with at most three distinct eigenvalues to induce the linear regime. Several practically relevant implications of this result are discussed, and the error probability incurred by the decision criterion in the linear regime is also characterized. A core technical component consists of using linear algebraic and geometric tools, such as Steiner symmetrization.
Inflammation Mediates the Development of Aggressive Breast Cancer Following Radiotherapy

PurposeWomen treated with radiotherapy before 30 years of age have increased risk of developing breast cancer at an early age. Here, we sought to investigate mechanisms by which radiation promotes aggressive cancer.Experimental designThe tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancers arising in women treated with radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma was compared with that of sporadic breast cancers. To investigate radiation effects on carcinogenesis, we analyzed tumors arising from Trp53-null mammary transplants after irradiation of the target epithelium or host using immunocompetent and incompetent mice, some of which were treated with aspirin.ResultsCompared with age-matched specimens of sporadic breast cancer, radiation-preceded breast cancers (RP-BC) were characterized by TME rich in TGFβ, cyclooxygenase 2, and myeloid cells, indicative of greater immunosuppression, even when matched for triple-negative status. The mechanism by which radiation impacts TME construction was investigated in carcinomas arising in mice bearing Trp53-null mammary transplants. Immunosuppressive TMEs (iTME) were recapitulated in mice irradiated before transplantation, which implicated systemic immune effects. In nu/nu mice lacking adaptive immunity irradiated before Trp53-null mammary transplantation, cancers also established an iTME, which pointed to a critical role for myeloid cells. Consistent with this, irradiated mammary glands contained more macrophages and human cells cocultured with polarized macrophages underwent dysplastic morphogenesis mediated by IFNγ. Treating mice with low-dose aspirin for 6 months postirradiation prevented establishment of an iTME and resulted in less aggressive tumors.ConclusionsThese data show that radiation acts via nonmutational mechanisms to promote markedly immunosuppressive features of aggressive, RP-BCs.
Voter mobilization efforts can depress turnout

We analyze the effects of a volunteer-led postcard writing campaign intended to turn out registered voters to support specific candidates in two state legislative districts. After adjusting for kno...
Clinical Review on the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinomas vary considerably in their tumor biology and disease course, which is reflected in the range of treatment paradigms in localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Ac...
Knowledge has no borders.

It is my great honor to be writing this for the inaugural issue of the ABJS. I want to congratulate the editor and the staff for launching this initiative. Although there are no borders for knowledge, research, and education the current geopolitical issues has prevented some scholars in different parts of the world from being able to reach all. Iranian scholars have suffered such difficulty. Since leaving Iran 31 years ago, I have continued to be proud of my heritage and have benefited from the friendship and mentorship of many Iranian scholars. During my visits to Iran, I have also interacted with orthopaedic surgeons and scientists. One fact that has become clear to me is that Iranian orthopaedic surgeons and trainees are truly dedicated scholars with immense potentials. They have clear vision and insight. I have enjoyed their probing questions posed with humility. I am certain that given the degree of intellect, dedication, and commitment by the orthopedic community in Iran, this journal will be extremely successful. I want to congratulate the editorial board for their vision to generate this autonomous journal. I have no doubt that the ability provided to Iranian scholars to publish their work will stimulate further research among the young generation. In addition, providing this venue will allow the entire world to benefit from the high caliber research that takes place in Iran. I want to congratulate the editor, Dr Ebrahimzadeh and his staff for launching this journal.
The Surgical Importance of the Inferior Epigastric Vessels

The inferior epigastric artery arises just above the inguinal ligament from the medial side of the external iliac artery and then runs upwards and medially along the medial side of the deep inguinal ring to the deep surface of the rectus abdominis. In its course, it raises a peritoneal fold, when viewed from inside, called the lateral umbilical fold, which should not be confused with the medial umbilical fold raised by the obliterated continuation of the umbilical artery after the takeoff of the superior vesical artery. The inferior epigastric artery pierces the transversalis fascia in the attenuated part of the posterior rectus sheath and ascends between the muscle and the posterior lamina of its sheath, supplying the muscle and anastomosing behind the middle of the length of the rectus with the superior epigastric artery (the terminal branch of the internal mammary) and lower posterior intercostal arteries. At the deep inguinal ring, the ductus deferens in the male or the round ligament of the uterus in the female lies lateral to and hooks around the inferior epigastric artery. Muscular and cutaneous branches from the inferior epigastric arteries, such as the cremasteric artery in the male or the artery of the round ligament of the uterus in the female, supply the anterior abdominal wall near the origin of this artery. A pubic branch descends from either the lateral or the medial side of the femoral ring, to anastomose with the pubic branch of the obturator artery. The deep iliac circumflex artery, a separate branch of the external iliac artery, arises a little below the inferior epigastric, immediately above the inguinal ligament from the lateral aspect of the external iliac artery. It turns to the anterior superior iliac spine, lying just above the inguinal ligament within a fascial canal formed by the iliac and transversalis fasciae. The inferior epigastric vein, a tributary to the external iliac vein on its medial side just above the level of the inguinal ligament, collects the venous blood from the inferior half of the ipsilateral rectus abdominis muscle. The pubic vein links the obturator vein and the posteromedial side of the external iliac vein. The external iliac vein receives the deep circumflex iliac vein on its lateral side, just above the level of the inguinal ligament. The inferior epigastric vessels are important in a wide range of procedures in the lower abdomen, as discussed below.
Breeding, Physiology, Culture, and Utilization of Cicer Milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.)

Publisher Summary Cicer milkvetch, a perennial nonbloating forage legume, is well adapted to many areas in the United States, Canada, and central and eastern Europe, including European Russia and the Caucasus. Progress has been made in the domestication of cicer milkvetch, and its use as a cultivated species should increase. It has great potential because of its strong perenniality, winter hardiness, apparent resistance to some insects that attack other species of forage legumes, nonbloating traits, relatively high forage yield, N2-fixing ability, and compatibility with cool-season perennial grasses. It is an ideal species for long-term pastures, meadows, and disturbed lands. Cicer milkvetch has relatively poor seedling vigor, but excellent stands can be obtained if properly scarified seeds are planted in a firm seedbed. When inoculated with the appropriate rhizobia bacteria, substantia amounts of N2 are fixed, as demonstrated by subsequent forage yields of the legume and companion grasses. Quality of its forage is excellent when measured by standard laboratory procedures. Cicer milkvetch, however, is not as palatable to livestock as the other more commonly used forage legumes. Although the appropriate practices for managing cicer milkvetch for hay or pasture have not been thoroughly investigated, it is evident that the practices used for alfalfa are not satisfactory. Because cicer milkvetch is slower to establish than most cultivated forage legumes, it needs one full growing season before cutting or grazing.
Radial and longitudinal asymmetry of human pharyngeal pressures during swallowing

Abstract Radial asymmetry of upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure has been previously described; however, neither radial nor longitudinal asymmetry of pharyngeal pressures has been demonstrated. The authors used a specially designed intraluminal transducer catheter (Konigsberg; Konigsberg Instruments, Pasadena, CA) with four solid-state transducers separated by 3 cm and oriented circumferentially at 90 ° intervals to measure pharyngeal pressures. Two wet swallows at each 1-cm interval along the length of the pharynx were measured in 12 normal volunteers (10 male, 2 female; mean age, 38 years). Pressure data were collected on-line by an Apple IIe microcomputer (Apple Computer Inc., Cupertino, CA) at 100 Hz and analyzed for both radial and longitudinal asymmetry. Significant ( P P
An adaptive technique for reducing leakage and dynamic power in register files and reorder buffers

Contemporary superscalar processors, designed with a one-size-fits-all philosophy, grossly overcommit significant portions of datapath resources that remain unnecessarily activated in the course of program execution. We present a simple scheme for selectively activating regions within the register file and the reorder buffer for reducing leakage as well as dynamic power dissipation. Our techniques result in power savings in excess of 60% in these components, on the average with no performance loss.
Poliovirus Adsorption by 34 Minerals and Soils

The adsorption of radiolabeled infectious poliovirus type 2 by 34 well-defined soils and mineral substrates was analyzed in a synthetic freshwater medium containing 1 mM CaCl2 and 1.25 mM NaHCO3 at pH 7. In a model system, adsorption of poliovirus by Ottawa sand was rapid and reached equilibrium within 1 h at 4°C. Near saturation, the adsorption could be described by the Langmuir equation; the apparent surface saturation was 2.5 × 106 plaque-forming units of poliovirus per mg of Ottawa sand. At low surface coverage, adsorption was described by the Freundlich equation. The soils and minerals used ranged from acidic to basic and from high in organic content to organic free. The available negative surface charge on each substrate was measured by the adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Most of the substrates adsorbed more than 95% of the virus. In general, soils, in comparison with minerals, were weak adsorbents. Among the soils, muck and Genesee silt loam were the poorest adsorbents; among the minerals, montmorillonite, glauconite, and bituminous shale were the least effective. The most effective adsorbents were magnetite sand and hematite, which are predominantly oxides of iron. Correlation coefficients for substrate properties and virus adsorption revealed that the elemental composition of the adsorbents had little effect on poliovirus uptake. Substrate surface area and pH, by themselves, were not significantly correlated with poliovirus uptake. A strong negative correlation was found between poliovirus adsorption and both the contents of organic matter and the available negative surface charge on the substrates as determined by their capacities for adsorbing the cationic polyelectrolyte, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.
Manly Men and Womanly Women: Deviance, Gender Role Polarization, and the Shift in Women's School Employment, 1900–1976

Drawing on historical data, Jackie Blount argues in this article that explanations for shifts in employment patterns of women educators for most of the twentieth century have overlooked the impact of homophobia and gender role stereotypes. As Blount notes, although women teachers, more than half of whom were single, outnumbered men by more than two to one in the early 1900's, this trend shifted radically in the fifteen years following World War II, when the percentage of single women in the teaching profession fell to half its pre-war levels. Similarly, the number of women superintendents also declined rapidly. Blount analyzes school policies and practices, events, and publications from the turn of the century to the 1970s to uncover the practice of sexually stigmatizing women who defied narrowly defined gender roles. She describes events and theories that led to increasing gender role polarization after World War II that pressured women into assuming gender-specific roles, attitudes, and appearances, and...
Exposure to ethylene oxide at work increases sister chromatid exchanges in human peripheral lymphocytes

Sister chromatid exchange rates increased significantly in the peripheral lymphocytes of a small group of hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide for as little as 3.6 minutes per day regularly over a period of months. Results based on breathing zone exposure and task frequency estimates over a 6-month period for 14 workers suggest that sister chromatid exchanges are a sensitive indicator of exposure and that cumulative dose and dose rate are important predictors of sister chromatid exchange response.
An algorithm for a piecewise linear model of trade and production with negative prices and bankruptcy

The general equilibrium model is approximated as a piecewise linear convex model and solved from the point of view of welfare economics using linear programming and fixed point methods.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis in uterine leiomyoma associated with numerous intravascular thrombi.

We report a case of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in uterine leiomyoma and associated numerous intravascular thrombi. A 29-year-old nulliparous female presented with heavy vaginal bleeding and a hematocrit of 22%. No bone marrow biopsy has been performed. She had a history of uterine leiomyomata and menorrhagia for a year. A transvaginal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a uterine leiomyoma. The patient was treated conservatively with oral contraceptive pills due to desire for fertility. However, she continued to have heavy vaginal bleeding and developed bilateral upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and multiple superficial vein thromboses after two months. An exploratory laparotomy with uterine myomectomy was performed. Gross examination of the specimen revealed a single nodular mass measuring cm with a white-tan swirling cut surface. Microscopic examination revealed benign smooth muscle consistent with leiomyoma and numerous intravascular thrombi both with areas of EMH. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the presence of all three benign lineages of hematopoietic cells. Occurrence of EMH in uterine leiomyoma and intravascular thrombi is very rare. It may be related to systemic hematopoietic stimulation due to severe chronic anemia and local presence of hematopoietic growth factors and/or cytokines.
A RAPID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF YEAST CONCENTRATIONS

The proposed method utilizes the fact that bright beer does not absorb any radiation in the near infra-red region whereas particles in suspension scatter at this wavelength in the normal way. This affords a method of measuring yeast concentration directly in undiluted beer. Agreement with counting chamber determinations is good and the technique is simple and rapid.
Peripheral Mechanisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Various peripheral mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome, including intraluminal intestinal irritants, alteration in the bowel microbiome, enteroendocrine-cell products, and susceptibility to inflammation. Recent evidence is summarized.
The Role of the Nurse Practitioner in Promoting Sexuality in the Institutionalized Elderly

This article examines sexuality in the institutionalized elderly. It also reviews current research on nursing home staff members and their perceptions of sexuality in nursing homes. Interventions by the nurse practitioner to promote sexuality in nursing homes are explored. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Standardized versus custom parenteral nutrition: Impact on clinical and cost-related outcomes

Purpose Results of a study comparing clinical and cost outcomes with the use of standardized versus custom-prepared parenteral nutrition (PN) in an acute care setting are reported. Methods In a retrospective pre–post analysis, nutritional target attainment, electrolyte abnormalities, and other outcomes were compared in patients 15 years of age or older who received custom PN ( n = 49) or a standardized PN product ( n = 57) for at least 72 hours at a large medical center over a 13-month period; overall, 45% of the cases were intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. A time-and-motion assessment was conducted to determine PN preparation times. Results There were no significant between-group differences in the percentage of patients who achieved estimated caloric requirements or in mean ICU or hospital length of stay. However, patients who received standardized PN were significantly less likely than those who received custom PN to achieve the highest protein intake goal (63% versus 92%, p = 0.003) and more likely to develop hyponatremia (37% versus 14%, p = 0.01). Pharmacy preparation times averaged 20 minutes for standardized PN and 80 minutes for custom PN; unit costs were $61.06 and $57.84, respectively. Conclusion A standardized PN formulation was as effective as custom PN in achieving estimated caloric requirements, but it was relatively less effective in achieving 90% of estimated protein requirements and was associated with a higher frequency of hyponatremia. The standardized PN product may be a cost-effective formulation for institutions preparing an average of five or fewer PN orders per day.
Capsule endoscopy features of human immunodeficiency virus and geographical diseases

In the 1860s a golden spike was driven near Ogden, Utah, marking the completion of the American transcontinental railroad bridging East and West Coasts. This seminal event in American history opened up a new era of exploration and discovery, leading to a whole new appreciation of the continent. Capsule enteroscopy has now effectively bridged the void in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract between the maximum depth of insertion of the push enteroscope and the proximal advancement of the colonoscope. Just as multiple new disease entities and new manifestations of established ones were made at the time of the wide spread availability of endoscopy, so too newer diseases and newer manifestations of well-described diseases are now possible with the advent of capsule enteroscopy. Small bowel manifestations of classical diseases were largely described based on information gained at surgery, autopsy, or contrast radiography. Because so few patients with small bowel diseases are definitely visualized, one’s understanding of these diseases is based on the most glaring complications of far-advanced disease. Capsule enteroscopy enables us to visualize and describe earlier and atypical manifestations of these diseases (Figs. 1–7). HIV and AIDS is clearly a global problem infecting probably 100 million individuals around the globe. Even the recently described GI manifestations of AIDS needs to be extended and amplified now in the era of capsule enteroscopy. In addition to the enteric manifestations of HIV disease, now readily available for observational diagnosis by capsule endoscopy, certain diseases unique to particular regions of the globe are being discovered by capsule enteroscopy (see
Influence of tool sharpness on the thermal and mechanical phenomena generated during machining operations

Although the definition of the cutting tool edge radius is self-evident, its influence on the cutting process is ambiguous. Therefore, a certain qualitative assessment criterion should be developed to classify the cutting edge as to be sharp or rounded in the modelling of the cutting process. It is particularly important because carbide insert manufacturers supply the same product with different radii of the cutting edge. This paper quantifies the importance of the cutting edge radius. It considers the ratio of the cutting edge radius and the uncut chip thickness as the Relative Tool Sharpness (RTS) of the cutting edge. The influence of RTS on the cutting process was analysed analytically and experimentally. This paper discusses the influence of RTS on the energy flows in the metal cutting system and the energy balance of this system.
Locally smeared operator product expansions in scalar field theory

We propose a new locally smeared operator product expansion to decompose nonlocal operators in terms of a basis of smeared operators. The smeared operator product expansion formally connects nonperturbative matrix elements determined numerically using lattice field theory to matrix elements of nonlocal operators in the continuum. These nonperturbative matrix elements do not suffer from power-divergent mixing on the lattice, which significantly complicates calculations of quantities such as the moments of parton distribution functions, provided the smearing scale is kept fixed in the continuum limit. The presence of this smearing scale complicates the connection to the Wilson coefficients of the standard operator product expansion and requires the construction of a suitable formalism. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with examples in real scalar field theory.
Stanley Baldwin's speech on the abdication of Edward VIII

(1956). Stanley Baldwin's speech on the abdication of Edward VIII. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 163-169.
Ice loads on the Molikpaq in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

The Molikpaq is a steel caisson structure that was used in the 1980s in the Canadian Beaufort Sea for exploration drilling of oil and gas. It was very extensively instrumented. Part of the instrumentation was designed to measure the ice loads. This paper presents an overview discussion of the characteristics and instrumentation of the Molikpaq. It presents detailed information on 188 ice loading events from both first-year and multi-year ice for different ice macrostructures including level ice, ridges, hummock ice and isolated floes. Investigation of the ice loads has shown that the Line Load (global load per unit length of the structure) increases with increasing ice thickness. The analysis of the ice loads in terms of the failure mode of the ice provides additional insight and explains some of the scatter in the ice load data.
Micromechanics-based deformation and failure prediction for longitudinally reinforced titanium composites

Abstract Two models to account for fiber breakage in longitudinally loaded composite materials have been incorporated into NASA Glenn's Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) (Arnold SM, Bednarcyk BA, Wilt TE, Trowbridge D. MAC/GMC Users Guide: Version 3.0. NASA/TM- 1999-209070, 1999). The first is Curtin's widely used effective fiber breakage model (Curtin WA. Ultimate strengths of fibre-reinforced ceramics and metals. Composites 1993;24(2):98–102; Curtin WA. Theory of mechanical properties of ceramic-matrix composites. J Am Ceram Soc 1991;74(11):2837–45). This model treats all fibers in the composite as one effective fiber whose properties degrade in accordance with the statistical strength distribution of the actual fibers. The second is a new discrete model that considers failure of many individual fibers in a composite repeating unit cell. This model explicitly includes the important feature of local stress unloading in fractured fibers, even as global loading of the composite continues. MAC/GMC was employed to simulate the longitudinal tensile deformation and failure behavior of several silicon-carbide-fiber/titanium-matrix (SiC/Ti) composites using both models. Through comparison with experiment, MAC/GMC, in conjunction with the incorporated fiber breakage models, is shown to be quite realistic and capable of accurate predictions for various temperatures, fiber volume fractions, and fiber diameters.
A rapid two-stage screening protocol for palliative care in the emergency department: a quality improvement initiative.

Abstract Background A rapid two-stage screening protocol was developed to improve referral for palliative care needs among frail elderly in the emergency department (ED). Measures A new triage tool was administered, with assessment tools for activities of daily living, performance, functional staging, symptom burden, and caregiver distress. Intervention Stage One identified elderly patients meeting criteria for life-limiting conditions. Stage Two referred patients with crescendo losses in activities of daily living, high symptom burden, and caregiver distress to palliative care or hospice. Outcomes Over eight months, 1587 patients were screened, representing 22% of ED visits made by patients older than 65 years during this time period. Of these, 140 met functional decline criteria, and 51 of these needed palliative care consultation. Five patients were referred to hospice, 20 received palliative care, and 26 received no further service. Conclusions/Lessons Learned The project shows unmet needs among elderly ED patients, and the feasibility of rapid screening and referral using a quality improvement approach. At its peak, the project accounted for half the referrals to the palliative care consultation service.
Deciphering Pocahontas: Unpackaging the commodification of a native American woman

This essay examines the commodification of Pocahontas surrounding the 1995 Disney film. Pocahontas. Through an examination of Pocahontas products and popular cultural discourses about Pocahontas, the essay develops a theory of the “cipher”; as a late‐capitalist commodity form. Theorization of the cipher helps explain how companies market a field of goods in relationship to a single product, such as a film. Marketing campaigns draw on generic forms and figures that can be easily reproduced and identified. Furthermore, through the marketing of Pocahontas goods and popular discourses, Disney and the general mainstream commodity culture construct a market for children versus parents. And while the commodity world of Pocahontas uses utopic appeals to sell products, through their appropriation of feminism and Native American culture and history, Pocahontas products and discourses contribute to the material oppression of women and Native Americans, generally, and Native American women in particular.
Interaction of human blood platelet aggregation inhibitors with phospholipid films

Abstract A series of carbamoylpiperidines and related entities, a class of compounds only recently identified by the authors as potent human blood platelet aggregation inhibitors, showed correspondingly strong levels of “specific” interaction, in monomolecular film systems, with some phospholipids viewed as prototypes of actual platelet plasma membrane constituents. The data strongly corroborate our previously articulated view that our compounds possess appropriate hydrophobic character to penetrate the lipid bilayer of the platelet plasma membrane, subsequently are capable of generating sufficient quantities of their cationic species to counteract massively stimulus-induced mobilization of Ca ++ ions, and thereby restrain or void Ca ++ -dependent phospholipase activity.
Mathematical modeling of the in-mold coating process†

Fiber glass reinforced polyester parts compression molded from sheet molding compound (SMC) are prone to such surface inconsistencies as porosity and sinks. Even though it appears that some of these defects could be eliminated by techniques such as vacuum molding, the resulting surface, with current technology, is not yet consistently up to automotive standards for exterior body panels. In-mold coating (IMC) of SMC, is designed to fill porosity, reduce sinks, and furnish a primer-like coating, thus upgrading the part surface to automotive standards. As a consequence, IMC is generally an integral part of the molding cycle when producing compression molded SMC exterior automotive body panels. Most commonly, in-mold coating is injected after opening the press slightly so as to separate the mold cavity and the exterior surface of the part to make room for the coating. A second approach is to let the hydraulic pressure of the injected IMC open the mold. Here, we present a mathematical model of the process and show application in predicting injection pressures, fill times, and filling patterns. A comparison with experimental results is also presented. Cycle times required for IMC injection methods is also discussed.
Average g-Factors of Anisotropic Polycrystalline Samples

Due to the lack of suitable single crystals, the average g-factor of anisotropic polycrystalline samples are commonly estimated from either the Curie−Weiss susceptibility or the saturation magnetization. We show that the average g-factor obtained from the Curie constant is always greater than or equal to the average g-factor obtained from the saturation magnetization. The average g-factors are equal only for a single crystal or an isotropic polycrystal. We review experimental results for several compounds containing the anisotropic cation [Fe(C5Me5)2]+ and propose an experiment to test this inequality using a compound with a spinless anion.
Gender Differences in the Relationships Among Parenting Styles and College Student Mental Health

Abstract Objective: Levels of student depression may increase as stress increases; parenting styles may be one indirect source of stress. The authors examined the role of parenting style in relationship to student stress, anxiety, and depression, with focused attention on gender differences. Participants: Participants were 290 undergraduate students (58% female, mean age = 19). Methods: Cross-sectional design. Participants completed surveys containing measures of parenting styles, college stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: Anxiety and stress acted as mediators between some maternal parenting styles and female student depression. No mediational relationships were found for male student ratings. Conclusions: Daughters may be more susceptible to the influences of maternal parenting styles, which can either prepare or fail to prepare them for management and avoidance of stressors that are encountered during the college transition. College counseling centers and student affairs personnel may wish to foc...
Are chargemaster rates for imaging studies lower in States that cap noneconomic damages (tort reform)

Purpose To determine whether chargemaster (a list of prices for common services and procedures set by individual hospitals) rates for diagnostic imaging were lower in states that cap awards for noneconomic damages (NED) than states with unlimited awards for medical negligence. Methods We analyzed 2011 chargemaster data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid, pertaining to 6 ambulatory patient classifications specific to imaging. The dataset includes outpatient imaging facilities and hospitals in 49 states and the District of Columbia. The association between caps on NED and chargemaster rates for imaging in a sample of 15,218 data points was analyzed using linear regression and two-sample t tests assuming unequal variances. Results In states that cap NED, the chargemaster rates were higher for the following modalities: Level II Echocardiogram without Contrast (mean charges: $2,015.60 versus $1,884.81, P = .0018); Level II Cardiac Imaging ($4,670.25 versus $4,398.58, P = .002); MRI & Magnetic Resonance Angiography without Contrast ($2,654.31 versus $2,526.74, P = .002); and Level III Diagnostic and Screening Ultrasound ($1,073.31 versus $1,027.32, P = .037). High charge-to-payment ratios were associated with states with the highest charges. There was a positive correlation between number of outpatient centers in the state and the average chargemaster rates for the state (mean chargemaster rate = 1727 + 0.79*Number of Outpatient Centers; R-squared = 0.23, P = .0004). Conclusions Chargemaster rates for select imaging services are not lower in states that have capped NED.
The instantaneous threshold and early dark adaptation.

The luminance threshold for a white test field, 1° in diameter, was measured before, coincident with, and immediately after the extinction of white adapting fields of various luminance levels. Foveal and parafoveal measurements were made on several subjects. The threshold begins to rise about 0.2 sec before the onset of darkness, rises to a maximum at about the time of darkness, then falls in the dark-adaptation curve. The early part of the dark-adaptation curve shows an initial very rapid drop, whose slope may be different for rods and cones. The theoretical implications of the data, especially the anomalous threshold rise, are considered with respect to their general bearing on Hecht’s photochemical theory.
The trinucleons: Physical observables and model properties

Abstract Our progress in understanding the properties of 3 H and 3 He in terms of a nonrelativistic Hamiltonian picture employing realistic nuclear forces is reviewed. Trinucleon model properties are summarized for a number of contemporary force models, and predictions for physical observables are presented. Disagreement between theoretical model results and experimental results are highlighted.
Two-body electrodisintegration of 3He: Faddeev calculation

Abstract 3He(e, e′)pd and 3He(e, e′p)d cross sections are calculated with Faddeev formalism. At low excitation energies, forward electron scattering cross sections are dominated by the Coulomb monopole transition. Backward electron scattering is dominated by the magnetic quadropole transition.
Age, tenure, and job satisfaction: A tale of two perspectives

Abstract This study was designed to explore the relations among tenure, age, and job satisfaction as a way of testing two alternative paradigmatic perspectives. Accordingly, it tells a “tale of two perspectives” in which previous researchers, using different “lenses,” have seen different things even though ostensibly viewing the same employee characteristics. Hierarchical polynomial regression analysis was used to assess the form of the relations between tenure/age and job satisfaction, and to compare the stability of the relations as suggested by job experience and career stage models for separate samples of male (n = 172) and female (n = 592) respondents. Results indicate that though age and tenure are natural dependent, time-related variables which co-vary with one another, they are distinct variables leading to different outcomes. Tenure (however measured) was a more consistent and stable predictor of job satisfaction than chronological age. The functional relation between tenure and job satisfaction, however, was found to differ for males and females.
High pressure liquid chromatographic detection of intracellular retinoid binding proteins from cultured cell and tumor cytosols

We report the first application of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the rapid detection of cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP). Cytosols from cultured cells (3T6 and MCF-7) or from tumors (melanoma and ovarian) were labeled with [3H]retinoic acid (30 Ci/mmol) and [3H]retinol (43 Ci/mmol) and analyzed via HPLC employing a 60 cm TSK 3000 sw column. In each case CRABP and CRBP were readily detectable at an elution volume of 22.5 ml, consistent with their molecular weights of 14,600. Identity of the binding protein peaks was established by saturability, specificity, and selective inhibition of binding by an organomercurial. Thus, this method, which resolves CRABP and CRBP in crude mixtures from the majority of cytosolic proteins, should be a valuable tool in the evaluation of vitamin A-binding protein interactions and their biological significance.
Fractal model of ion-channel kinetics.

Abstract Markov models with discrete states, such as closed ⇄ closed ⇄ open have been widely used to model the kinetics of ion channels in the cell membrane. In these models the transition probabilities per unit time (the kinetic rate constants) are independent of the time scale on which they are measured. However, in many physical systems, a property, L, depends on the scale, ϵ, at which it is measured such that L(ϵ)∝ϵ1−D where D is the fractal dimension. Such systems are said to be ‘fractal’. Based on the assumption that the kinetic rates are given by k(t)∝t1−D we derive a fractal model of ion-channel kinetics. This fractal model has fewer adjustable parameters, is more consistent with the dynamics of protein conformations, and fits the single-channel recordings from the corneal endothelium better than the discrete-state Markov model.
Effects of copper supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and rumen sulfur metabolism of growing cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains

The effects of 3 supplemental Cu concentrations on feedlot performance, mineral absorption, carcass characteristics, and ruminal S metabolism of cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) were evaluated in 2 experiments. Experiment 1 was conducted with 84 Angus-cross yearling steers and heifers (initial BW = 238 ± 36 kg), which were blocked by gender and allocated to 12 pens. Supplemental dietary Cu (tribasic copper chloride) treatments were: 1) 0 mg Cu/kg diet DM, 2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet DM, 3) 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM. The remainder of the diet was DDGS (60%), grass hay (10%), pelleted soy hulls (15%), and a vitamin-mineral supplement (15%). Diets were offered ad libitum throughout the finishing phase (168 d). Three cattle from each pen (n = 36) were harvested on d 168 and carcass data and liver samples were collected. Copper supplementation did not affect ADG (P = 0.22). However, the nonsignificant trend for increased ADG and decreased DMI led to a linear increase (P = 0.02) feed efficiency (G:F = 0.167, 0.177, and 0.177 for 0, 100, and 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM, respectively). The apparent absorption of Cu decreased quadratically (P = 0.07) and the apparent absorption of Mn and Zn were decreased linearly (P = 0.03 and P = 0.05, respectively) with increased Cu supplementation. Cattle supplemented with 100 or 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM had greater liver Cu concentrations (P 0.10) on HCW, LM area, USDA yield grade, backfat, or marbling score. Experiment 2 was conducted with 6 ruminally fistulated steers that were fed the same diets as in Exp 1 in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Copper supplementation did not affect (P > 0.10) ruminal pH or liquid S(2-) concentrations in steers consuming 60% DDGS diets (total dietary S = 0.55%). From 3 to 9 h after feeding, H(2)S gas concentration was decreased in those cattle supplemented with 100 mg Cu/kg diet. Concentration of H(2)S gas did not differ among cattle supplemented with 0 or 200 mg Cu/kg diet DM on 60% DDGS diets. Supplemental Cu improved feed efficiency in cattle consuming diets containing 60% DDGS; however, effects of Cu on rumen S metabolism were minimal even when supplemented at twice the maximum tolerable limit for beef cattle (NRC, 2000).
Burst-mode femtomachining of copper and Lexan (Abstract Only)

Femtosecond ablation of both absorbing and transparent materials has several distinct advantages: the threshold energy fluence for the onset of damage and ablation is orders of magnitude less than for traditional nanosecond laser machining, and by virtue of the rapid material removal of approximately an optical penetration depth per pulse, femtosecond machined cuts can be cleaner and more precise than those made with traditional nanosecond or longer pulse lasers. However, in many materials of interest, especially metals, this limits ablation rates to 10 - 100 nm/pulse. We will present the results of using multiple pulse bursts to significantly increase the per-burst ablation rate compared to a single pulse with the same integrated energy, while keeping the peak intensity of each individual pulse below the air ionization limit. Femtosecond ablation using 850-nm single and eight-pulse 30-ns duration bursts with 4-mJ integrated energy was seen to yield a five-fold increase in the copper ablation rate in ambient air.
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC AND BIOLOGICAL POLYANIONS ON HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS.

SummarySeveral synthetic and biological sulfated polymers were investigated for their inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus in tissue culture. Of the biological preparations tested, heparin was the only one which inhibited this virus. Nineteen other sulfated polymers were assayed and found to inhibit herpes simplex to varying degrees. The inhibitory potency of the compound depended within limits on the degree of sulfation and on the size of the molecule. The viral inhibitory effect was independent of the polysac-charide portion or branching of the molecule, and of the type of glycosidic or sulfur bond.
Increased placental trophoblast inclusions in placenta accreta.

Abstract Introduction Trophoblast inclusions (TIs) are often found in placentas of genetically abnormal gestations. Although best documented in placentas from molar pregnancies and chromosomal aneuploidy, TIs are also associated with more subtle genetic abnormalities, and possibly autism. Less than 3% of non-aneuploid, non-accreta placentas have TIs. We hypothesize that placental genetics may play a role in the development of placenta accreta and aim to study TIs as a potential surrogate indicator of abnormal placental genetics. Methods Forty cases of placenta accreta in the third trimester were identified in a search of the medical records at one institution. Forty two third trimester control placentas were identified by a review of consecutively received single gestation placentas with no known genetic abnormalities and no diagnosis of placenta accreta. Results Forty percent of cases with placenta accreta demonstrated TIs compared to 2.4% of controls. More invasive placenta accretas (increta and percreta) were more likely to demonstrate TIs than accreta (47% versus 20%). Prior cesarean delivery was more likely in accreta patients than controls (67% versus 9.5%). Discussion Placenta accreta is thought to be the result of damage to the endometrium predisposing to abnormal decidualization and invasive trophoblast growth into the myometrium. However, the etiology of accreta is incompletely understood with accreta frequently occurring in women without predisposing factors and failing to occur in predisposed patients. Conclusion This study has shown that TIs are present at increased rates in cases of PA. Further studies are needed to discern what underlying pathogenic mechanisms are in common between abnormal placentation and the formation of TIs.
Evaluating the Variations in Use of Steel Intermediate Diaphragms for Precast Concrete Girder Bridges throughout the United States

Intermediate diaphragms are used in precast concrete girder bridges for three primary reasons: 1) to prevent torsional girder rotations during girder erection and deck placement operations; 2) to increase the vertical load distribution between girders; and 3) to transfer and spread an impact load from an overheight vehicle to adjacent girders. Typical practice includes the design of end diaphragms, but there is significant variation in the practice of specifying or requiring intermediate diaphragms between state transportation agencies. Wide variations exist in the acceptance of steel alternates to traditional cast-in-place concrete. In addition to the lack of cohesion in material choice, there is also significant variation in the type and geometry of steel intermediate diaphragms, spacing within the span, and alignment relative to the girder. The importance of intermediate bracing in a span during construction is widely accepted as essential; however, their contribution to a bridge in service, after the bridge deck has hardened, is considered by some to be very minimal. As part of this research, a detailed survey of design practices by individual state bridge design agencies throughout the United States was conducted for all 50 states. To the authors knowledge this is the first effort to successfully profile the use of intermediate diaphragms in all 50 states.
Similarities in the Cp/T3 peaks in amorphous and crystalline metals.

A low-temperature peak in vs is ubiquitous to glasses. It arises from an abundance of low-frequency vibrations, the origin of which remains unclear. A comparable vs peak is observed in crystals due to the dispersion of acoustic phonons and/or the excitation of optical phonons. We compared the vs peaks in metallic and oxide glasses to elemental crystals by analyzing specific heat, phonon density of states, and elastic constant data. We observe no clear distinction in the peak temperature or amplitude between metallic glasses and crystals. Surprisingly, the peak is larger in single crystal than in glassy .
Planar Strong Connectivity Helps in Parallel Depth-First Search

This paper proves that for a strongly connected planar directed graph of size $n$, a depth-first search tree rooted at a specified vertex can be computed in $O(\log^{5}n)$ time with $n/\log{n}$ processors. Previously, for planar directed graphs that may not be strongly connected, the best depth-first search algorithm runs in $O(\log^{10}n)$ time with $n$ processors. Both algorithms run on a parallel random access machine that allows concurrent reads and concurrent writes in its shared memory, and in case of a write conflict, permits an arbitrary processor to succeed.
Factors Distinguishing Families of Patients with Psychogenic Seizures from Families of Patients with Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Psychogenic seizures (PS) (emotionally based nonelectrical seizures) have been explained by psychodynamics and trauma. However, the family health literature suggests that somatization, of which psychogenic seizures are a form, may run in families and be determined by family patterns of response to distress. This study compared families of patients with PS and those of patients with epilepsy on variables of distress (anxiety and depression) and somatization. Methods: Eighteen patients (9 with PS and 9 with epilepsy) matched for age and education, and their families answered the Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ), the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI), the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS), Barsky's Somatization Symptom Inventory (SS), and the Dissociation Experience Scale (DES). Family members' scores were averaged to obtain “family scores.” Results: Patients with PS and those with epilepsy did not differ in any of the measures. However, families of patients with PS reported more health problems, distress, and criticism than did families of patients with epilepsy (p < 0.05). Families of patients with PS had increased criticism and somatic problem scores comparable to those of both types of patients. Conclusions: Although epilepsy causes patients physical and emotional problems, their families are relatively healthy. In contrast, families of patients with PS are more troubled and may unwittingly contribute to PS through family distress, criticism, and tendencies to somatize.