cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the functional central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm for Markov processes

Let Xt∶t≧0 be an ergodic stationary Markov process on a state space S. If Â is its infinitesimal generator on L2(S, dm), where m is the invariant probability measure, then it is shown that for all f in the range of \(\hat A,n^{ - {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} \int\limits_0^{nt} {f(X_s ){\text{ }}ds{\text{ }}(t\underline{\underline > } } 0)\) converges in distribution to the Wiener measure with zero drift and variance parameter σ2 =−2〈f, g〉=−2〈Âg, g〉 where g is some element in the domain of Â such that Âg=f (Theorem 2.1). Positivity of σ2 is proved for nonconstant f under fairly general conditions, and the range of Â is shown to be dense in 1⊥. A functional law of the iterated logarithm is proved when the (2+δ)th moment of f in the range of Â is finite for some δ>0 (Theorem 2.7(a)). Under the additional condition of convergence in norm of the transition probability p(t, x, d y) to m(dy) as t → ∞, for each x, the above results hold when the process starts away from equilibrium (Theorems 2.6, 2.7 (b)). Applications to diffusions are discussed in some detail.
Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) Inhibits Nociceptive Inputs to Sacral Dorsal Horn Nociceptive Neurons Through α2-Adrenergic Receptors

Modulation of sacral spinal dorsal horn neurons by the ventrolateral PAG was studied by extracellular recording combined with microiontophoretic applications of alpha-adrenergic agonists or antagonists. Bicuculline (BIC, 15 ng) microinjected into the ventrolateral PAG produced a consistent inhibition of the responses of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. After PAG-BIC applications, the total number of spikes per heat stimulation period was significantly decreased to a mean of 37 +/- 19% (n = 8) of the pre-BIC control. Local iontophoresis of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists idazoxan or yohimbine but not the selective alpha1 antagonist benoxathian significantly reversed PAG-BIC-evoked inhibition. At low ejection currents, clonidine, an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, markedly reduced noxious heat-evoked responses but had no consistent action on the responses to iontophoresed excitatory amino acids [EAA; N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) or kainic acid]. At ejection currents higher than required to block descending inhibition, idazoxan potentiated responses to both heat and EAA iontophoresis. At higher ejection currents, EAA responses were inhibited by clonidine. This indicates that both presynaptic and postsynaptic alpha2 receptors are capable of inhibiting the recorded neurons. Activation of the alpha1 adrenoceptors by iontophoresis of methoxamine often led to a marked increase in the responses to kainic acid and, to a lesser extent, to NMDA iontophoresis or noxious heat. Together with previously reported work, the current experiments demonstrate that PAG neurons inhibit nociceptive dorsal horn neurons primarily through an indirect alpha2 adrenoceptor mechanism. In this same population of dorsal horn neurons, norepinephrine has a direct alpha1-mediated excitatory effect.
Trends in Use of Construction Management

Construction management generally refers to a contractual relationship whereby an owner secures professional management services of a large multi-discipline firm for a specific construction project. This newly found market for construction-management services has created a proliferation of designer, constructor, and management firms competing for construction-management contracts, each offering their own version of construction-management services. An analysis of the data provided in the top contractor and designer firm listings for the past six years showed that the use of construction management grew throughout the design-construct industry by 9% between 1971 and 1976. Currently, 50% of the design firms and 28% of construct firms offer construction-management services as well. Larger firms are more likely to offer construction-management services although this service is more common to the engineer-architect design firms.
Industry Environment And Business Strategy: A Comparison Of Contingency Theory Expectations And Relationships Between Small Manufacturing Firm Managers Perceptions Of Environment And Strategy

Contingency theory suggests that that an appropriate match must be made between strategy and industry environment conditions. This study compared contingency theory expectations with the associations between perceptions of industry environment conditions and reported firm strategy, as reported by the firms president and national sales manager. Confirming theory expectations, there were significant and positive associations between perceived industry technical/market turbulence and reported growth/differentiation strategy as well as significant and negative associations with low cost strategy. The direction and significance of these associations were similar regardless of which manager supplied the perception of technical/market turbulence or the reported strategy. However there were differences across the two managers reports in the associations between strategy and perceptions of product differentiation, customer differentiation, and competitive intensity. Confirming theory expectations, there were significant and positive associations between perceptions of industry competitive intensity and the sales managers reported use of low cost strategy, but not the presidents reported use of that strategy. Confirming theory expectations, there was a significant and positive association between the presidents (but not the sales managers) perceptions of industry product differentiation and managers reported use of growth/differentiation strategy. There was a significant and positive association between the sales managers (but not the presidents) perceptions of industry customer differentiation and managers reported use of growth/differentiation strategy. The presidents and sales managers perceptions of product and customer differentiation had significant negative associations with the sales managers (but not the presidents) reported use of low cost strategy. The authors discuss potential explanations for these results and implications for managers.
Seasonal Foraging Behavior of the Frugivorous Bat Carollia perspicillata

We studied the foraging behavior of the frugivorous bat Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae) during two dry seasons and two wet seasons in northwestern Costa Rica using radio-telemetry and capture-recapture techniques. Seasonal changes occur in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of this bat's foraging behavior, primarily as a result of changes in the density and distribution of food. Compared to bats in the wet season, bats fly greater distances to harvest fruit, are concentrated in fewer resource patches, change general feeding locations more frequently, and are more sensitive to moonlight conditions in the dry season. In both seasons, bats show high short-term fidelity to the 2–3 feeding areas they visit each night. Food distributions, predator risk, and, in males, social status, influence the foraging behavior of C. perspicillata .
Effect of intensive versus standard clinic-based blood pressure management on ambulatory blood pressure - results from the sprint abpm study

The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was a 2-arm, multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to test whether a treatment program aimed at reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) to a lower goal than currently recommended will reduce cardiovascular disease. The goal of the SPRINT Ambulatory BP Ancillary Study was to evaluate the effect of intensive (SBP <120 mmHg) versus standard (SBP <140 mmHg) clinic-based BP targets on ambulatory BP, specifically nighttime SBP (primary outcome). Ambulatory BP was measured within 3 weeks of the 27 month follow-up visit in 876 participants at 15 SPRINT clinic sites. Spacelabs 90207 monitors were programmed to record BP every 30 minutes. Clinic BP was obtained after 5 minutes of rest using an automated device (Model 907, Omron Healthcare); the mean of three BP measurements was used for analyses. Average age at the time of ABPM was 71.5 years, 29% were female, 28% were black, and the average eGFR was 69.7 ml/min/1.73m2. Clinic and ambulatory BP (in mmHg) at the time of ABPM and group differences (standard-treatment minus intensive-treatment) are shown in the table. Additionally, Bland-Altman plots indicated poor concordance between office and daytime ambulatory BP with a Pearson correlation of 0.54 and limits of agreement of approximately -20 to 30 mmHg. In conclusion, a treatment regimen targeting office based SBP less than 120 mmHg lowers 24hr, daytime, and nighttime ambulatory BP and BP variability, but does not alter diurnal BP pattern (night/day BP ratio). Ambulatory BP monitoring confirms a large and significant BP difference between randomized groups despite the intervention being based on clinic BP. The difference in BP between intensive and standard clinic based BP targets was greater when measured with clinic than with 24 hour ambulatory BP, and daytime compared to nighttime BP. Given the poor agreement between clinic and 24 hour BP, ambulatory BP monitoring may be required to assess the effect of targeted hypertension therapy on out of office BP. Further studies are needed to assess whether targeting hypertension therapy based on ambulatory BP would reduce adverse outcomes compared to targeting clinic BP.
On the roles of directed and random changes in gene frequency in the genetics of populations.

Science has largely advanced by the analytic procedure of isolating the effects of single factors in carefully controlled experiments. The task of science is not complete, however, without synthesis: the attempt to interpret natural phenomena in which numerous factors are varying simultaneously. Studies of the genetics of populations, including their evolution, present problems of this sort of the greatest complexity. AMany writers on evolution have been inclined to ignore this and discuss the subject as if it were merely a matter of choosing between single factors. Mly own studies on population genetics have been guided primarily by the belief that a mathematical muodel must be sought which permits siinultaneous consideration of all possible factors. Such a model must be sufficiently simple to permit a rough grasp of the system of interactions as a whole and sufficiently flexible to permit elaboration of aspects of which a more complete account is desired. On attempting to make such a formnulation (\Vright, 1931) it was at once apparent that any one of the factors
Traumatic Lumbar Subdural Hematoma in the Absence of Intracranial Disease.

Background Traumatic spinal subdural hematoma is an exceedingly rare condition, with those occurring in the absence of intracranial disease being particularly uncommon. Only 13 such cases have been reported. Although theories exist to describe the pathophysiology of traumatic spinal subdural hematoma, the precise mechanism and guidelines for management remain unclear. Case Description This report describes a 37-year-old woman who suffered a traumatic assault who developed progressive low back pain with radicular symptoms 2 days after presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lumbar subdural hematoma extending from L1 to L5. No intracranial disease was detected on imaging. Conclusions Definitive guidelines for management of this condition are uncertain; however, successful use of conservative management, lumbar drainage, and surgical evacuation has been reported. This patient underwent a lumbar laminectomy with evacuation of the hematoma, resulting in immediate pain relief and resolution of symptoms within 1 week of the procedure.
Remote Sensing of the Surface Wind Field over the Coastal Ocean via Direct Calibration of HF Radar Backscatter Power

AbstractThe calibration and validation of a novel approach to remotely sense surface winds using land-based high-frequency (HF) radar systems are described. Potentially available on time scales of tens of minutes and spatial scales of 2–3 km for wide swaths of the coastal ocean, HF radar–based surface wind observations would greatly aid coastal ocean planners, researchers, and operational stakeholders by providing detailed real-time estimates and climatologies of coastal winds, as well as enabling higher-quality short-term forecasts of the spatially dependent wind field. Such observations are particularly critical for the developing offshore wind energy community. An autonomous surface vehicle was deployed within the Massachusetts Wind Energy Area, located south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, for one month, collecting wind observations that were used to test models of wind-wave spreading and HF radar energy loss, thereby empirically relating radar-measured power to surface winds. HF radar–based extr...
Current Situation and Evaluation of Groundwater Condition of Maoming

The quality of groundwater has been reflected by the basic condition and pollution.By analyzing the environmental information of the last 30 years,the assessment of groundwater quantity in Maoming and the pilot-study on the water quality of Xiaodongjiang River affected by refinery factory has been done.The quality of groundwater has been improved as the pollutants discharged by the refinery factory decreased.
Setting the scene: a historical and personal view of immunologic diseases, autoimmunity and ANA.

Dr. Friou reviews here his research experiences in immunology beginning over fifty years ago, and dealing with his early background experience with group A streptococcus, antihyaluronidase, and rheumatic fever, and cell mediated responses in Boeck's sarcoid. Details of his introduction of the immunofluorescent technique of Harvard Prof. Albert Coons into the SLE-ANA area, with the complexities and difficulties of early involvement with the technique are described. The simple, but extremely clever experiment of Prof. Miescher of Geneva which created an ideal situation for the application of immunofluorescence to the SLE area is described. Technical details of the earliest immunofluorescent ANA studied are presented, together with firm data that these early studies, which included many human sera and studies of the nature of the antibody target, had been completed by February 21, 1957, well in advance of any other laboratory. Important subsequent related studies from international laboratories are reviewed
Time Series Analysis of the Fossil Record

When treated as a statistical time series, the fossil record can be examined for temporal trends and the presence of periodic patterns. The relationship between two or more time series can also be examined. Ordinal techniques for the analysis of temporal trends and frequency domain techniques for the examination of periodicity and the relationship between two time series are recommended. The lack of point estimates of the temporal occurrence of fossils and the irregular spacing and sparseness of the temporal record are the major obstacles to applying time series analysis to the fossil record.
Saturation effects in DFWM spectroscopy: nonperturbative calculations

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a technique that shows great promise for sensitive measurements of transient gas-phase species. However, much research is required on some fundamental aspects of the physics of the technique, such as collisional and laser intensity effects, before DFWM can be applied quantitatively in a wide range of chemically-reacting media such as flames and plasmas.
Effects of Specimen Size on Ceramic Strengths

Fracture stresses in specimens of four commercial poly-crystalline ceramics differing in each linear dimension by a factor of four or five were measured at room temperature under controlled conditions. Data obtained were analyzed with the aid of fractographic examinations for applicability of Weibull statistics.
Crystal chemistry of superfluorous phase B (Mg10Si3O14F4); implications for the role of fluorine in the mantle

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data have been obtained for crystals of the F analog of superhydrous phase B, Mg 10 Si 3 O 14 F 4 . Twinned crystals were synthesized using a splitsphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures between 17.8 and 22.3 GPa and temperatures between 1450 and 1600 degrees C. Orthorhombic (space group Pnnm) unit-cell parameters are a = 5.050(3), b = 13.969(2), and c = 8.640(3) Aa. The substitution of F for H results in minor crystal chemical changes. Notably, average Mg-F distances (1.95 Aa) are shorter than the corresponding average of Mg-OH distances (1.98 Aa). These differences are reflected in shortening of unit-cell axes a and c in superfluorous B by 0.6 and 0.8%, respectively, relative to superhydrous B, while the b axis is unchanged. The close similarities between superhydrous and superfluorous B phases suggest that F will usually substitute for OH- in mantle phases.
Debunking the myth: Concurrent engineering for composites as a reality and not a management philosophy

Stimulated by increasing competition over the past decade, industries have begun to adopt new management and operational styles by rethinking their approach to product development and manufacturing. Strategic planning and product cycle time have assumed great importance, with the resultant choices determining key success factors, dictating program continuation, and shaping expectations for growth. Yet these plans, although based on the clearest strategic thinking and economic indicators, are more often than not thwarted by functional conflict. The use of multi–functional teams and approaches termed concurrent engineering or simultaneous engineering are fast becoming the norm, in many cases with no clear understanding of what they entail beyond mere management strategies. The application of the principles of concurrent engineering is essential to the successful development of composites and their structures. The adoption of an approach that integrates existing knowledge in the areas of processing, materials science, nondestructive evaluation, mechanics, and engineering design is the key to resolving the coupling among the decision areas of materials, configuration, and processes. This entails more than mere management philosophies and changes in paradigms. In this paper, we develop the idea of concurrent engineering being intrinsic to composites development and present examples to show its use in three areas: nondestructive evaluation of composites, joining of composites, and resin transfer moulding. It stresses that only through concurrent engineering – as the integration of skills and knowledge in mechanics, processing, fabrication, and testing – can we develop a true 'materials–by–design' approach and avail ourselves of the full advantages of composites.
Applications of Heated Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers

Heated AFM cantilevers have been used for thermal property measurement, microsystems actuation, and thermal processing, but applications using these capabilities have only begun to realize their full potential. Many physical, chemical, and biological phenomena depend upon temperature, and the most interesting measurements are likely yet to be demonstrated. For example, few precision force measurements have been made with heated AFM cantilevers, even though they are outstanding force transducers. Additionally, no investigations that we are aware of have explored the effects of heated probes as highly localized heat sources in biological or biochemical systems.
Two Virtual Debates Between Lazarsfeld and McLuhan on Radio

The honor of this invitation to write an editorial foreword to this issue of the Journal of Radio Studies led me to invent two debates between Paul Lazarsfeld, the empiricist and functionalist, and Marshall McLuhan, the technological theorist. The first debate has to do with the beginnings of radio; the second with radio in an age dominated by television. Lazarsfeld and his troops at Columbia's Bureau of Applied Social Research did their work in the 1940s and 1950s. McLuhan erupted in the 1960s. Disciplines Communication This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/287
Oncotype DX Recurrence Score and treatment choices according to ethnicity.

e12010Background: The Recurrence Score (RS) result (Oncotype DX) guides the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (CTX) in women with hormone receptor positive, early stage breast cancer (BC). Treatment dec...
Investigation of Acquired Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer Using cDNA Microarrays

Clinical tools to accurately describe, evaluate, and predict an individual's response to cancer therapy are a field-wide priority; in many advanced cancers, only 10-20% of individuals will have a clinical benefit from therapy, yet we treat the entire population. Furthermore, many therapies are initially effective, but lose effectiveness over time. Here we describe methods to derive in vitro models of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We additionally describe approaches to characterize possible mechanisms of resistance by genomic and transcriptomic approaches.
Oral systemic agents for immunobullous disorders

The immunobullous diseases comprise a number of clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by the production of antibodies directed against different proteins present in the skin and/or mucous membranes. Multiple therapies, both topical and systemic, make up the armamentarium for these varied conditions. In terms of the systemic therapies that are available, the appropriate medication in each individual patient must take into account the specific diagnosis, severity of the disease, comorbidities of the patient, potential interactions with other medications, and short and long-term goals of therapy. In this chapter, we review the oral systemic agents that can be used for the different immunobullous diseases and review their efficacy, side effects, and recommendations for patient monitoring for long-term therapy.
PATTERN CLASSIFICATION AND RECOGNITION METHODS BASED ON EUCLIDEAN DESCRIPTION SPACES

This chapter describes some parallel pattern-recognition techniques that can be applied to objects represented as points in a Euclidean description space. The basic assumptions are that each object to be classified can be described by a set of measurements defining the axes of a Euclidean space and that all measurements on an object will be known to the pattern classifier at the time that the categorization is to be made. The restricted problem is often considered to be a part of statistics or measurement theory, rather than artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, anyone interested in pattern recognition should have an understanding of the statistical approach. The statistical methods are powerful ones that depend on strong assumptions. On the other hand, it is important that the nature of the assumptions be understood, for when they are unwarranted their use may lead to very misleading results.
Developing a Wellness Plan

The Pathways Model is applied to the case of a client who presents with a desire to improve his health and mental well-being. Imbalances in the clients’ energy allocations and stated needs form the framework for implementation of the Pathways Model. Recommended approaches to this type of client, goal-setting strategies, and choice of interventions are discussed. Level One and Level Two interventions are implemented with good success.
Non-Exudative Macular Degeneration and Management

Non-exudative, age-related macular degeneration, which accounts for 85 percent of AMD cases, includes a spectrum of macular pathology. In its most mild form, the macula possesses few Drusen or retinal pigmentary epithelial (RPE) change with no visual disability. At the other end of this spectrum, the macula is affected by large areas of RPE atrophy, with devastating loss of central vision.
Radiotherapy for Brain and Spine Disease

Radiation therapy is a key element in the integrated management of primary and metastatic tumors of the central nervous system. This chapter discusses the application of radiotherapy, alone and in combination with surgery and chemotherapy, in the treatment of metastases to the brain (the most common malignant brain lesion), primary malignant gliomas (the most common malignant primary brain tumor) and metastases to the osseous spine.
Elbow and Forearm Injuries

The elbow and forearm create a fascinating joint complex. It is a highly congruous joint that provides a wide range of motion required for functions such as sports. The adolescent athlete has the added dimensions of growth and development, which can affect forces around the joint, as well as motor function, and can be the source of multiple potential problems (1). The elbow has a complex maturation process, developing from multiple ossification centers, which can complicate the diagnosis and treatment of injuries. As a growing individual is able to perform with greater speed, strength, and endurance, the loading forces, torques, and risk of injury increase (2,3).
CALL for Bridges between School and Academia by Anna Turula and Maria Chojnacka (eds.)

CALL for Bridges between School and AcademiaEdited by Anna Turula and Maria ChojnackaBern: Peter LangUS $52.95ISBN 9783631663356 (Hardback)189 pages2015
Interprofessional Health Care Education at Academic Medical Centers: Using a SWOT Analysis to Develop and Implement Programming

Introduction Health care is increasingly being provided by interprofessional teams. Academic medical centers (AMCs) need to offer educational experiences for trainees to work on these teams. Few re...
Feasibility of long-term NDT programme for system-wide monitoring of bridge deck condition in Indiana, USA

Through effective and proactive monitoring, highway agencies can acquire information needed for deck repair or replacement timing decisions. However, system-wide monitoring of infrastructure requir...
Simultaneous cosegmentation of tumors in PET-CT images using deep fully convolutional networks.

Purpose To investigate the use and efficiency of 3-D deep learning, fully convolutional networks (DFCN) for simultaneous tumor cosegmentation on dual-modality nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) images. Methods We used DFCN cosegmentation for NSCLC tumors in PET-CT images, considering both the CT and PET information. The proposed DFCN-based cosegmentation method consists of two coupled three-dimensional (3D)-UNets with an encoder-decoder architecture, which can communicate with the other in order to share complementary information between PET and CT. The weighted average sensitivity and positive predictive values denoted as Scores, dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), and the average symmetric surface distances were used to assess the performance of the proposed approach on 60 pairs of PET/CTs. A Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation Algorithm (STAPLE) of 3 expert physicians' delineations were used as a reference. The proposed DFCN framework was compared to 3 graph-based cosegmentation methods. Results Strong agreement was observed when using the STAPLE references for the proposed DFCN cosegmentation on the PET-CT images. The average DSCs on CT and PET are 0.861 ± 0.037 and 0.828 ± 0.087, respectively, using DFCN, compared to 0.638 ± 0.165 and 0.643 ± 0.141, respectively, when using the graph-based cosegmentation method. The proposed DFCN cosegmentation using both PET and CT also outperforms the deep learning method using either PET or CT alone. Conclusions The proposed DFCN cosegmentation is able to outperform existing graph-based segmentation methods. The proposed DFCN cosegmentation shows promise for further integration with quantitative multimodality imaging tools in clinical trials.
Effects of ground wollastonite on cement hydration kinetics and strength development

Abstract Wollastonite is a naturally occurring calcium silicate mineral that can be used to improve the chemomechanical performances of cementitious materials. This article presents the influences of ground wollastonite on Portland cement hydration kinetics, phase formation and compressive strength. Ground wollastonite with 3.5 μm and 9.0 μm mean particle sizes were used in this study to replace 10%–50% by weight of cement in the paste and mortar mixtures. The effect of ground wollastonite was compared with that of ground limestone. The performance of cementitious mixture containing wollastonite and limestone were monitored using isothermal calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ground wollastonite was observed to accelerate the cement hydration due to the filler effect. The hydration acceleration effect of wollastonite was similar to that of limestone. Ground wollastonite accelerated both C3S hydration and the reaction of aluminate phases. Wollastonite with the mean particle size of 9.0 μm remained chemically inert up to 28 days of curing as observed from XRD and TGA results. Whereas wollastonite with the mean particle size of 3.5 μm consumed some Ca(OH)2 due to a slow pozzolanic reaction. Combining all of these effects, using wollastonite-3.5 μm to replace 30% (by weight) of cement in a mortar mixture reduced the compressive strengths after 7 days and 28 days curing only by 3% and 10%, respectively.
Metabolic changes and nutrient repletion in lambs provided with electrolyte solutions before and after feed and water deprivation

Providing feeder calves and lambs with electrolyte solutions before and(or) after a transport period could potentially reduce tissue shrink and speed repletion of nutrients and weight that are lost during transport. This trial was conducted to determine metabolic changes and nutrient repletion in lambs provided with electrolyte solutions before and after feed and water deprivation. Solutions were 1) deionized water, 2) ES1 (g/10 L : NaCl, 2.0 ; K carbonate, 2.8 ; Mg sulfate.7H 2 O, 2.0 ; equal mixture of amino acids [Lys, Thr, Phe, His, Trp, Met, Leu, Ile, and Val],.45 ; and phosphoric acid to pH 7.0), 3) ES2 (twice the concentrations as in ES1), and ES3 (g/10 L : NaCl 2.0 ; K carbonate, 8.0 ; Mg sulfate.7H 2 O, 4.0 ; amino acid mixture from ES1,.45 ; and phosphoric acid to pH 7.0). Eight Suffolk x Hampshire crossbred lambs (average BW 35 ± 2 kg) were used in an 8 x 8 Latin square design with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial. Main treatments consisted of two pre-deprivation electrolyte solutions (deionized water or ES1) and four realimentation electrolyte solutions (deionized water, ES1, ES2, and ES3). Lambs were limit-fed (600 g/d, as-fed basis) before and after a 3-d feed and water deprivation phase. Lambs provided the ES1 solution during the pre-deprivation phase had greater (P <.05) Na, Mg, and Zn retention during the pre-deprivation phase, had greater (P <.05) Na and Mg losses during the 3-d deprivation phase, and had greater (P <.05) cumulative Na, Cu, and Fe retentions than lambs given deionized water during the pre-deprivation phase. Compared to lambs provided water, lambs provided the ES1 solution during the realimentation phase had greater Na retention but similar K, Mg, and water retentions. However, when the concentration of electrolytes in the solution was doubled (i.e., ES2 solution), Na, K, and Mg retentions were increased (P <.05) compared with those of lambs provided deionized water or the ES1 solution. These results suggest that as the length or severity of the stress period increases, the concentration of electrolytes in the electrolyte solution may need to be increased to improve nutrient balance.
PMP and Uniqueness of Calibrating Solution: A Revision

This paper demonstrates the existence of a unique solution of the PMP problem when both observed output quantities and limiting input prices are taken as calibrating benchmarks. This version of PMP avoids the use of a user-determined small positive number e originally introduced for guaranteeing that the dual (shadow) price of binding input constraints be positive. Furthermore, the paper shows how to obtain endogenous output supply and input demand elasticities that match available information about them in the form of previously estimated parameters for an entire region or sector. The framework is applied to a sample of farms also for the case that admits no production for some of the crop activities. The calibrating solution is very close to the observed values of output quantities and input prices. The calibrating model does not use the matrix of fixed technical coefficient and reproduces identical calibrating solutions.
Multi-step stochastic correction in dynamical fermion updating algorithms

The advantages of using Multi-Step corrections for simulations of lattice gauge theories with dynamical fermions will be discussed. This technique is suited for algorithms based on the MultiBoson representation of the dynamical fermions as well as for the Hybrid Monte-Carlo (HMC) algorithm and variants of the latter, like the Polynomial-HMC. Especially the latter has the power to deal with an odd number of fermion fields—an essential feature necessary for realistic QCDsimulations with up-, down-, and strange-quarks. In particular, we will discuss the application of the multi-step (actually two-step) correction technique to a PHMC updating algorithm for twistedmass Wilson fermions with non-degenerate fermion masses, as it was used in recent dynamical simulations for N f = 2 + 1 + 1 fermion flavors.
Mechanical response of a bicontinuous copper–molybdenum nano-composite: Experiments and simulations

Abstract We present the results of a combined experimental and simulation-based study of the mechanical response of a bicontinuous copper-molybdenum nanocomposite, where high strength and good plastic deformability were observed. The experimental sample, prepared by co-sputtering Cu and Mo, achieved a feature size of around 15 nm. Corresponding digital nanostructures with feature sizes between 9 and 15 nm were generated using a phase field model. Virtual compression testing was performed using molecular dynamics simulation. The resultant mechanical response of these samples was analyzed at the macroscopic and atomistic levels. Strain partitioning was observed, where most of the plastic deformation occurs through dislocations that are emitted from the interface into the FCC Cu phase. The interface also acts as a barrier to dislocation propagation. The nanocomposites exhibit high strain hardening rate and plastic co-deformation in Cu and Mo intertwined phases. No shear banding is observed after 30% compression in both experiment and simulation. The bicontinuous, intertwined morphology of metallic FCC/BCC nanocomposites is effective in producing high yield strengths, high strain hardening rate and uniform distribution of plasticity in the sample volume.
Aesthetic Judging and the Constitution (Or, Why Supreme Court Justices Are Less like Umpires, and More like Figure-Skating Judges)

This essay advances the claim that Supreme Court justices, especially in constitutional cases, are better analogized to judges in aesthetic sports, such as figure skating, than to the more familiar baseball umpire. The metaphor is descriptively stronger, in that both sets of actors make considerable use of unarticulated (and often inarticulable) norms and internalized conceptual knowledge in addition to the formal rules governing their respective domains, in that it accounts for the significance of acculturation in the acquisition of those norms and that knowledge, and in that it provides an account of how a system such as constitutional law can evolve apart from (and even without) changes to the formal rules. Finally, the metaphor serves as a useful caution. Figure skating judges, after all, do not enjoy a reputation for probity. Conceiving of the justices in those terms thus invites consideration of the sorts of factors that might lead to crisis in either context, an exercise that is especially appropriate in this era of deep partisan divide.
Preferences in stapes surgery among American otological society otologists.

Abstract Objective Stapes surgery is technically challenging, yet its methodology is not standardized. We aim to elucidate preferences in stapes surgery among American Otological Society (AOS) otologists and determine if any common practice patterns exist. Study design Cross-sectional study via emailed questionnaire. Setting Surgery centers. Subjects and methods Members of the AOS were an emailed a survey to quantify variables including surgical volume, anesthetic preference, laser use, type of procedure, footplate sealing technique, antibiotic use, and trainee participation. Results Most otologists (71%) performed 2 to 5 stapes surgeries per month under general anesthesia (69%) with stapedotomy (71%) as the preferred procedure. Most (56%) used the rosette method of laser stapedotomy with manual pick debris removal for footplate fenestration. Either the handheld potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser (40%) or handheld carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (33%) was used. The heat-activated memory hook (51%) was the preferred prosthesis. Footplate sealing method was variable, as was antibiotic use among respondents. Trainee participation was limited, as 42% of otologists allowed residents to place the prosthesis, and fewer allowed residents to crimp the prosthesis, and laser or drill the footplate. Surgeons with higher surgical volume (≥ 6 surgeries per month) demonstrated the following statistically significant correlations: footplate fenestration with laser in a rosette pattern and pick for debris removal (rs = −0.365, P = 0.014) and trainee participation with fellows only (rs = 0.341, P = 0.022). Conclusions Trends in various surgical decisions showed a lack of consensus in all aspects of stapes surgery.
Sovereignty and First Amendment rights of higher education institutions: An affirmative and institutional approach

This article offers an analysis of how, and to what extent, public institutions of higher learning, as agents of one sovereign, could assert free speech rights against the federal government, anoth...
Development and control of novel solid-state platforms for quantum engineering

This talk will focus on the development of material platforms and physical mechanisms for high-fidelity control, storage, and transmission of quantum information. In particular, emerging quantum materials - novel diamond impurities - featuring long-lived, optically addressable quantum states are promising candidates fulfilling most of these requirements. We will discuss possible mechanisms for efficient interfacing of these novel solid-state qubits, in particular allowing for high-fidelity quantum-state transduction to superconducting qubits or to the long-lived nuclear spins. Finally, the physical phenomena enabling local quantum control in these materials, including strain-mediated or optically mediated state-transfer and two-qubit gates, will be discussed.
Paternal mixtures of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A and parabens in relation to pregnancy outcomes among couples attending a fertility center

Abstract Background Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the impact of paternal environmental exposures, particularly as mixtures, on couples’ pregnancy outcomes. Objective We investigated whether mixtures of paternal urinary bisphenol A (BPA), paraben, and phthalates were associated with pregnancy outcomes among couples attending a fertility center. Methods We included 210 couples undergoing 300 in vitro fertilization (IVF) between 2004 and 2017 in this prospective analysis. We quantified paternal urinary biomarker concentrations in one sample per cycle using isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify correlations of biomarker concentrations and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for discrete survival time to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the associations between PCA-derived factor scores and probability of failing to achieve a live birth. Interactions were also included in the models to examine strength of associations over three vulnerable periods [embryo transfer to implantation, implantation to clinical pregnancy, and clinical pregnancy to live birth]. Models were adjusted for paternal and maternal ages and body mass indexes, urinary dilution (specific gravity) and year of collection, infertility diagnosis, and other PCA factor scores. Sensitivity analyses with further adjustment for maternal PCA factor scores were performed. Results We identified three factors, representing di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites, BPA and non-DEHP metabolites, and parabens, accounting for 56%, 15% and 10%, respectively, of the total variance explained. An interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) increase in the DEHP-related factor score was associated with elevated probability of failing prior to live birth (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.81) and the association was stronger between implantation and clinical pregnancy as well as between clinical pregnancy and live birth compared to before implantation. The overall HRs of failure for the BPA/non-DEHP-related and paraben-related factor scores were HR = 1.24 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.59) and HR = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.24). We found similar HRs when additionally adjusting for maternal PCA factor scores. Conclusion Paternal mixtures of urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were related to higher infertility treatment failure.
Reaction of NO2 with Groups IV and VI Transition Metal Oxide Clusters

The addition of NO2 to Group IV (MO2)n and Group VI (MO3)n (n = 1-3) nanoclusters was studied using both density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)). The structures and overall binding energetics were predicted for Lewis acid-base addition without transfer of spin (a physisorption-type process) and the formation of either cluster-ONO (HONO-like or bidentate bonding) or NO3- formation where for both the spin is transferred to the metal oxide clusters (a chemisorption-type process). Only chemisorption of NO2 is predicted to be thermodynamically allowed at temperatures ≥298 K for Group IV (MO2)n clusters with the formation of surface chemisorbed NO2 being by far the most energetically favorable. The ligand binding energies (LBEs) for physisorption and chemisorption on the TiO2 nanoclusters are consistent with computational studies of the bulk solids. Chemisorption is only predicted to occur for (CrO3)n clusters in the form of a terminal nitrate containing species whereas the larger chemisorbed nitrate structures for (MoO3)n and (WO3)n were found to be metastable and unlikely to form in any appreciable amount at temperatures of 298 K and higher. NO2 is predicted to only be capable of physisorbing to (MoO3)n and (WO3)n at lower temperatures and therefore unlikely to bind NO2 at temperatures ≥298 K. Correlations between the (MO3)nNO2 ligand bond energies and the chemical properties of the parent (MO3)n clusters (Lewis acidity, ionization potentials, excitation energies, and M = O/M-O bond strengths) are described.
Storytelling in the Legal Research Classroom: Selected Annotated Bibliography for Addressing Issues of Diversity and Inclusion

This annotated bibliography is designed to provide helpful resources on integrating issues of diversity and inclusion in the legal research classroom. I believe in the power of storytelling, so I prefer resources that include some kind of personal story, whether that be the story of the student, the teacher, or the administrator. The stories used in these resources frame why the author makes the recommendations made.
Food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and weight change during and after a 3-month weight loss program.

Background Greater sensitivity to food rewards and higher levels of impulsivity (and an interaction between these variables, termed “reinforcement pathology”) have been associated with obesity in cross-sectional studies. Less is known regarding how these constructs may impact attempts at weight loss or longer-term weight loss maintenance. Methods We provided 75 adults (69%Female, 84%White, age = 50.8y, BMI = 31.2kg/m2) with a 3-month Internet-based weight loss program and assessed weight, food reward sensitivity (via the Power of Food Scale [PFS]), and impulsivity (via Go No-Go [GNG] and Delay Discounting [DD] computer tasks) at baseline and at Months 3, 6, 9, and 12. No additional intervention was provided Months 3–12. Multi-level mixed-effect models were used to examine changes in PFS, GNG, and DD over time and associations between these measures and weight loss/regain. Results Participants lost 6.0±1.1kg Months 0–3 and regained 2.4±1.1kg Months 3–12. Across time points, higher PFS scores were associated with higher weight, p = .007; however, there were no significant associations between GNG or DD and weight nor between the interactions of PFS and GNG or DD and weight, ps>.05. There were significant decreases from Months 0–3 in PFS, GNG, and DD, ps .05. Conclusion Results demonstrated an association between food reward sensitivity and weight. Further, decreases in both food reward sensitivity and impulsivity were observed during an initial weight loss program, but neither baseline levels nor improvements were associated with weight change. Taken together, results suggest that the constructs of food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and reinforcement pathology may have limited clinical utility within behavioral weight management interventions. Future intervention studies should examine whether food-related impulsivity tasks lead to a similar pattern of results.
Conclusion: “Such an honourable seruice”

This chapter argues that a British nation, empire, and Atlantic world forged under Tudor auspices by the monarchy and its subjects echoed into the early decades of the seventeenth century, after the accession of James VI of Scotland as James I of England. It closes the book by shedding new light on the regnal divide and highlighting some of the ways in which sixteenth-century activity and achievements shaped later projects and processes, as Stuart theorists and adventurers reproduced and manipulated, complimented and critiqued the Tudor past to serve their own, present and future ends.
Improved protein structure refinement guided by deep learning based accuracy estimation.

We develop a deep learning framework (DeepAccNet) that estimates per-residue accuracy and residue-residue distance signed error in protein models and uses these predictions to guide Rosetta protein structure refinement. The network uses 3D convolutions to evaluate local atomic environments followed by 2D convolutions to provide their global contexts and outperforms other methods that similarly predict the accuracy of protein structure models. Overall accuracy predictions for X-ray and cryoEM structures in the PDB correlate with their resolution, and the network should be broadly useful for assessing the accuracy of both predicted structure models and experimentally determined structures and identifying specific regions likely to be in error. Incorporation of the accuracy predictions at multiple stages in the Rosetta refinement protocol considerably increased the accuracy of the resulting protein structure models, illustrating how deep learning can improve search for global energy minima of biomolecules. Here the authors present DeepAccNet, a deep learning framework that estimates per-residue accuracy and residue-residue distance signed error in protein models, which are used to guide Rosetta protein structure refinement. Benchmarking suggests an improvement of accuracy prediction and refinement compared to other related state of the art methods.
ReFocus: the films of Andrei Tarkovsky: edited by Sergey Toymentsev, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2021, xii + 278 pp., figures, index, $110 (hardback); $110 ebook (PDF), ISBN 9781474437233

This collection is a very successful attempt to update English-language literature on the great Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky by applying current theoretical approaches in the humanities to his...