cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of interpretation of microscopic cell counts for application to screening of bulk tank milk samples.

Abstract High and low limits were developed from best-fit formulas for WF's of 20,000 and 10,000, assuming critical cut-off levels of 500,000, 1,000,000, and 1,500,000 cells per milliliter. These were tested, using 92 bulk tank samples, for a total of 276 applications. Samples were classified as above, below, or questionable in relation to the selected critical cell count. On approximately 75% of the 276 applications a WF of 20,000 gave a precision for screening purposes at least equivalent to counts made with WF's in the range of 2,500 to 5,000. Of the remaining samples, two out of five were classified above or below on a second count (WF 10,000). The remaining 15% of the applications were very close to the critical levels (2/3 within 10%) and were considered as unclassifiable. Total errors were 1.8%.
Detecting conflicts between structure accesses

Two references to a record structure conflict if they access the same field and at least one modifies the location. Because structures can be connected by pointers, deciding if two statements conflict requires knowledge of the possible aliases for the locations that they access.This paper describes a dataflow computation that produces a conservative description of the aliases visible at any point in a program. The data structure that records aliases is an alias graph. It also labels instances of structures so that the objects referenced at different points in a program can be compared. This paper shows how alias graphs can be used to detect potential conflicts.
Chromatographic purification of immunoglobulin G from bovine milk whey

We used thiophilic chromatography on T-gel, a resin of the structure agarose-O-CH2CH2SO2CH2 CH2SCH2CH2OH, to purify immunoglobulin G from "sweet" cheese whey. The purity of immunoglobulin G, as indicated by radial immunodiffusion, was 74% after a single chromatography on T-gel. Preparation of samples for adsorption onto thiophilic gels requires only the addition of salt (sodium/potassium sulfate) to the samples. Thus, this method may be suitable for large-scale whey IgG isolation.
CRIMINAL BEWARE: A SOCIAL NORMS PERSPECTIVE ON POSTING PUBLIC WARNING SIGNS*

Recent studies have suggested that crime-prevention strategies tend to interact with characteristics of the community in such a way that what works in one community might not work in another. In this article, we extend this finding to fear of crime and residents' perceptions of crime using a Focus Theory of Normative Conduct framework. Data are reported from three experiments that examine the impact of publicly posted Neighborhood Watch signs on perceived crime rates and worry about victimization. The studies used a virtual community tour to assess the causal impact of Neighborhood Watch sign presence and content. Across the experiments, we consistently find the potential for publicly posted Neighborhood Watch signs to produce unintended consequences such as increased fear of crime and worry about victimization. Moreover, the outcomes associated with posting the signs are influenced not only by the information printed on the sign but also by an interaction between the signs themselves and the environmental context in which they are posted.
Evelyn Pickering De Morgan's Allegories of Imprisonment

Evelyn pickering De Morgan (1855???1919) produced a large body of work, primarily paintings but also some sculptural projects, during a career spanning half a century. The great majority of her images include women as protagonists, often as allegorical personifications but with an unusually wide range of characteristics. She created women as members of a constructed and often constraining civilization, who exhibit at times a sort of drooping resignation, but she also represented women as powerful natural elements, actively in control of their destinies. Her art stands out as an attempt to blend metaphysical concerns about material embodiment and spiritual transcendence, grounded in the Platonic ideal, with concerns about social constraints and creative freedom that can be interpreted from a feminist perspective. By translating these fundamental issues about what it means to be human and, more specifically, female into an allegorical language that was unusual for a woman artist of the period (in fact, called ???imprudently ambitious??? by one critic1), she moved beyond the socially accepted ???female iconography??? of still life, landscape, and domestic narrative. Overlapping and sometimes contradictory attitudes toward the roles of women can be traced in her oeuvre, particularly in a body of images related to the theme of imprisonment.
Coronary artery radiation therapy for the prevention of restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty, II: Outcomes of clinical trials.

Coronary artery radiation therapy (CART) has become the standard of care for the treatment of coronary instent restenosis after repeat angioplasty. More than 5,000 patients have been enrolled into various clinical trials using 3 major systems. Based on the results of GAMMA I and START trials, both the Checkmate system using 192 Ir and the Betacath system using 90 Sr/Y have been approved for routine clinical use in the treatment of in-stent restenosis. The Galileo system using 32 P with data from INHIBIT trial is pending premarketing approval. With a better understanding and application of radiation oncology concepts to vascular brachytherapy, problems such as geographic miss and/or edge failure should be overcome. The complication of late thrombosis should also become less notable by eliminating restenting at the brachytherapy procedure and the prolonged use of antiplatelet therapy. Although there are other competing modalities in the very early phases of clinical trials, the future of CART appears bright. The durability of results, lack of any important complications, and confirmation of the efficacy in other sites will further consolidate the role of CART in preventing vascular restenosis.
Multimode coupled waveguide acoustic sensors

An experimental study has been made of an optical-waveguide coupler-type acoustic sensor employing multimode fibers. With LED sources the sensor behaves as an optical-intensity-modulation sensor with sensitivities in the 70–80-dB range re 1 μPa. Higher sensitivities are obtained by using He–Ne laser sources, but this appears to be due to phase- rather than intensity-modulation processes.
Regenerative amplifier for the OMEGA laser system

We present the requirements, design, and experimental results for a negative feedback-controlled Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier for the OMEGA laser system. This externally synchronizable region boosts the energy of temporally shaped optical pulses from the subnanojoule to the submillijoule energy level with a measured long-term output energy stability of 0.2 percent rms. To our knowledge this represents the highest energy stability ever demonstrated for a millijoule-level laser system, either flashlamp pumped or diode pumped. In addition to the excellent stability and reproducibility, the regen output is very insensitive to the injected pulse energy and the temporal distortions due to the negative feedback are immeasurable. Four regenerative amplifiers equipped with this negative feedback system have operated flawlessly on OMEGA over the past two year period.
The influence of resident involvement on surgical outcomes.

Background Although the training of surgical residents is often considered in national policy addressing complications and safety, the influence of resident intraoperative involvement on surgical outcomes has not been well studied. Study Design We identified 607,683 surgical cases from 234 hospitals from the 2006 to 2009 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP). Outcomes were compared by resident involvement for all general and vascular cases as well as for specific general surgical procedures. Results After typical ACS NSQIP comorbidity risk adjustment and further adjustment for hospital teaching status and operative time in modeling, resident intraoperative involvement was associated with slightly increased morbidity when assessing overall general or vascular procedures (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.09), pancreatectomy or esophagectomy (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.45), and colorectal resections (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22). In contrast, for mortality, resident intraoperative involvement was associated with reductions for overall general and vascular procedures (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99), colorectal resections (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99), and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95). Results were moderated somewhat after hierarchical modeling was performed to account for hospital-level variation, with mortality results no longer reaching significance (overall morbidity OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10, overall mortality OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.05). Based on risk-adjusted event rates, resident intraoperative involvement is associated with approximately 6.1 additional morbidity events but 1.4 fewer deaths per 1,000 general and vascular surgery procedures. Conclusions Resident intraoperative participation is associated with slightly higher morbidity rates but slightly decreased mortality rates across a variety of procedures and is minimized further after taking into account hospital-level variation. These clinically small effects may serve to reassure patients and others that resident involvement in surgical care is safe and possibly protective with regard to mortality.
Imaging proton sources and space-momentum correlations

The reliable extraction of information from the two-proton correlation functions measured in heavy-ion reactions is a long-standing problem. Recently introduced imaging techniques give one the ability to reconstruct source functions from the correlation data in a model independent way. We explore the applicability of two-proton imaging to realistic sources with varying degrees of transverse space-momentum correlations. By fixing the freeze-out spatial distribution, we find that both the proton images and the two-particle correlation functions are very sensitive to these correlations. We show that one can reliably reconstruct the source functions from the two-proton correlation functions, regardless of the degree of the space-momentum correlations. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
LOUIS Users Conference 2004

Provides some highlights of the LOUIS Users Conference (LUC) 2004 held in October 2004 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. An annual conference since 1993, this year’s LUC brought together 230 attendees from the 39 LOUIS (the Louisiana Library Network) member libraries. Notes that the sessions continued to focus on practical, technology‐driven library applications rather than theoretical studies.
The Effect of Myosin RLC Phosphorylation in Healthy and Diseased Heart

The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism by which the D166V (aspartic acid to valine) mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), found to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and sudden cardiac death, compromises cardiac contractility and how normal cardiac function could be restored upon phosphorylation of myosin RLC. Our previous studies using papillary muscle fibers from transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the D166V-RLC mutation indicated a diastolic dysfunction caused by a delayed muscle relaxation most likely due to a slower rate of myosin cross-bridge attachment and dissociation. Transmitral Doppler studies confirmed diastolic dysfunction in Tg-D166V mice. Furthermore, invasive hemodynamics examination revealed systolic abnormalities in mutated mice compared with healthy Tg-WT controls. This compromised cardiac function was paralleled by a decrease in RLC phosphorylation in the hearts of Tg-D166V mice compared to Tg-WT. To further pursue this, the effect of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent RLC phosphorylation was studied in skinned cardiac muscle preparations from Tg-D166V vs. Tg-WT mice. A phosphorylation-dependent rescue of an increased Ca2+ sensitivity of force was observed in Tg-D166V fibers. Interestingly, upon phosphorylation the maximal force was increased in Tg-WT fibers while it was significantly reduced in Tg-D166V preparations. Myofibrillar ATPase activity was increased in both Tg-WT and Tg-D166V mouse preparations upon MLCK-treatment. Similar results were obtained with recombinant phosphorylation mimics of human cardiac RLC exchanged into porcine cardiac muscle preparations. Beneficial effects of phosphomimetic proteins on the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity and binding affinity of the mutant exchanged myosin to actin were observed. These results suggest that RLC phosphorylation could play an important role in cardiac muscle contraction and may serve as a therapeutic modality in patients with HCM. Supported by American Heart Association-10POST3420009 (PM) and NIH-HL090786 (DSC).
Gist-Based False Recognition of Pictures in Older and Younger Adults

Three experiments examined the recognition performance of older (60 ‐ 75 yrs) and younger (17 ‐ 25 yrs) adults for detailed colored pictures of objects as a function of whether the targets and lures were from previously studied categories or were unrelated (noncategorized) items. If participants had studied many exemplars from a category, they often falsely recognized lures from those categories; this false recognition effect was especially pronounced in older adults. Older and younger participants showed equivalent correct recognition of large-category targets, but older adults showed significantly reduced recognition of unrelated targets, suggesting that older adults were relying on the general conceptual and/or perceptual similarity (‘‘gist’’) of study and test items in making their recognition decisions. The results extend the domain of robust false recognition to detailed color pictures and demonstrate that, particularly in older adults, false recognition sometimes involves similarity-based errors rather than source confusions regarding whether specific lure items had been presented or were generated spontaneously during the study task. q 1997 Academic Press
Race, response to chemotherapy, and outcome within clinical breast cancer subtypes

The effect of race on breast cancer outcome is confounded by tumor and treatment heterogeneity. We examined a cohort of women with stage II–III breast cancer treated uniformly with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to identify factors associated with racial differences in chemotherapeutic response and long-term survival. Using a prospective database, we identified women with stage II-III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1998 to 2011. Race was categorized as African-American (AA) or non-AA. Preplanned subtype analyses were stratified by hormone receptor (HR) and HER2. Pathologic response to chemotherapy (pCR), time to recurrence (TTR), and overall survival (OS) were assessed using logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Of 349 women identified, 102 (29 %) were AA, who were younger (p = 0.03), more obese (p < 0.001), and less likely to have HR+/HER2− tumors (p = 0.01). No significant differences in pCR rate by race were found. At median follow-up of 6.5 years, AA had worse TTR (hazard ratio 1.51, 95 % CI 1.02–2.24), which was attenuated in multivariable modeling, and there was no significant difference in OS. When stratified by HR, worse outcomes were limited to HR+AA (TTR hazard ratio 1.85, 95 % CI 1.09–3.14; OS hazard ratio 2.42 95 % CI 1.37–4.28), which remained significant in multivariable analysis including pCR rate and BMI. With long-term follow-up, racial disparity in outcome was limited to HR+ breast cancer, with no apparent contribution of chemotherapy sensitivity. This suggests that disparity root causes may be driven by HR+ factors such as unmeasured molecular differences, endocrine therapy sensitivity, or adherence.
Edward G.Goetz, New Deal Ruins: Race, Economic Justice, and Public Housing Policy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013).

When the City of St. Louis demolished Pruitt Igoe in 1972, it sounded the death knell for public housing. In the public eye, the high-density, modernist towers no longer fulfilled the affordable ho...
Low-cost, adaptable tool integration policies for integrated environments

An important requirement for successful integrated programming environments is support for implicit tool invocation; rather than force a user to explicitly invoke each tool, mechanisms in the environment can take responsibility for guaranteeing that the right tools are invoked at the right times. However, these mechanisms typically intertwine policies of when and how the tools are invoked, with what the tools do when they are invoked. Consequently, adapting the environment to achieve different tool interactions is often difficult without modifying the code that implements the environment or the tools. In this paper we describe a simple, low-cost mechanism that solves this problem. Specifically, we show how tool integration based on selective broadcast can be adapted to allow dynamically configurable policies of tool interaction. We describe an implementation of these mechanisms, and show how it supports multiple levels of users.
Quality of care in pediatrics: the organization of a children’s hospital

The Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital (OPBG) is a Research and Health Care Institute (IRCCS), organized in four sites located in Lazio Region (Roma Gianicolo, Roma S. Paolo, Palidoro, S. Marinella) and three sites located in Calabria, Basilicata and Sicily respectively. The OPBG as IRCCS, must always continue and reinforce its commitment in the integration of research and clinical practice, and transfer into the clinical practices of the knowledge produced by scientific research. The OPBG Medical Direction is organized according to a medical and nursing multidisciplinary model and involves the interaction of a variety of professionals who work for the achievement of organizational and healthcare goals. This organization has allowed the implementation of multiple activities aimed to fully empower the staff, promote professionalism, develop awareness in relation to the needs of patients and their families and increase the focus on the continuous improvement of quality of care. The IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital has long since launched a series of initiatives aimed at the continuous improving in quality of care, organized according to a model of integrated clinical governance, which focuses on the whole patient and the care plan family. This approach integrates the treatment options with the patient/family’s expectations in a model that imagine doctor and patient/family as cooperating partners (Family - Centered Care). In this context it is also ensured the empowerment of the patient and his family, who become a central point in decision-making and treatment processes. Operationally, the Hospital every year prepare a Corporate Program for Continuous Improvement of Healthcare Quality, which identifies the objectives, even in terms of quantities, to be achieved in the year to ensure the continuous improvement of quality of care and monitors the achievement of targets set for the previous year. The initiatives that are most representative of continuous promotion of healthcare quality carried out in the Hospital include: surveillance , control and prevention of adverse events; evaluating of the clinical and organizational appropriateness; production , dissemination and implementation of clinical protocols and evidence-based clinical pathway; surveillance , control and prevention of healthcare associated infections; design of clinical records that favor appropriateness and patient safety.
Phase-contrast MR angiography of the portal venous system : preoperative findings in liver transplant recipients

Sequential two-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography can be used to accurately evaluate the anatomy, patency, and flow direction of the portal venous system and the presence, extent, and distribution of portosystemic collaterals. Its large field of view, insensitivity to the patient's body habitus, and graphic display format make this MR technique extremely useful for preoperative evaluation of patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. This pictorial essay illustrates the spectrum of abnormalities seen on phase-contrast MR angiography of the portal venous system in patients with endstage liver diseases and portal hypertension.
Perfect recall of imperfect knowledge

Perfect recall, intuitively the ability to remember all past mental states, has been predominantly studied in the context of interpreted systems and game theory, which mostly consider S5 systems (of "correct" knowledge). More recently, the notion has become of interest to the epistemic logic community, where weaker systems are not unusual. Building upon recent work where we studied different definitions of perfect recall in Epistemic Temporal Logic (ETL), we argue that the intuitive motivations given there are still valid in such sub-S5 settings. However, definitions that were equivalent in S5 cease to be so without S5, so that these less restrictive settings allow for a more fine-grained comparison of the different definitions and their underlying intuitions.
Digital notch filter design procedure

An analytical procedure for designing a linear digital notch filter is presented. The resultant filter is sixth-order and is implemented by cascading three second-order filters so as to avoid instability which may arise from computer coefficient truncation. The procedure outlined is straightforward, requires only simple algebraic steps, and gives filter parameter selection criteria for reducing the effects of computer coefficient truncation. Notch filters have utility in situations where a desired signal is corrupted by an additive sinusoidal pickup. One thus must process the noisy signal so as to remove the sinusoid without significantly distorting the desired signal.
Acute in vivo evaluation of a new stentless mitral valve

Objectives We have developed a stentless pericardial mitral valve prosthesis in 2 configurations; the purposes of this acute study in sheep were to assess (1) valve design and implant technique; (2) valve performance; and (3) acute effects on postimplant left ventricular function. Methods A stentless bovine pericardial bileaflet valve was developed with the intent to preserve annular–papillary muscle continuity. This valve, in 2 configurations—with (n = 5) and without (n = 5) flap chordae—was implanted in 10 sheep (mean weight 73 ± 9 kg). Epicardial echocardiography was performed to assess valve performance. Load-independent left ventricular function was also estimated before implantation (baseline), 1 hour after discontinuing cardiopulmonary bypass (rest), and during dobutamine stimulation using conductance technology. Results Implantation was easily accomplished for both configurations. Both configurations had low transvalvular pressure (mean 2.1 ± 1.2 mm Hg at rest; 2.2 ± 1.0 mm Hg with dobutamine stimulation with flap chordae; 1.7 ± 0.5 mm Hg and 1.6 ± 0.3 mm Hg without flap chordae). No mitral regurgitation was observed in 8 sheep, and mild regurgitation was seen in 2 sheep. Compared with baseline, slope of maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure–end-diastolic volume relation increased with stimulation both with flap chordae (+52 ± 41 mm Hg · s −1 · mL −1 , P = .0005) and without (+20 ± 12 mm Hg · s −1 · mL −1 , P = .003). Conclusions Both configurations of this newly designed stentless mitral bioprosthesis, which preserves annular–papillary muscle continuity using different novel surgical implantation techniques, demonstrated reliable valve performance, with low transvalvular pressure gradients, minimal regurgitation, and acutely preserved postimplant left ventricular function. Further chronic study is needed to verify these results and evaluate reliability of implantation procedures, biocompatibility, and durability.
Coulomb energies from quark exchanges between nucleons

Abstract The Coulomb exchange kernel between two-nucleon clusters of quarks is calculated by using the resonating-group method. The resulting Coulomb quark-exchange energy increases the Coulomb energy difference in the A = 3 mirror nuclei (by as much as 4% for large nucleons), but decreases it (by −2 to −4%) in p-shell nuclei. Other quark effects in charge-dependent (and asymmetric) interactions are briefly discussed.
It’s Your Game-Tech: Toward Sexual Health in the Digital Age

Adolescent sexually transmitted infection (STI) and birth rates indicate a need for effective middle school HIV/STI, and pregnancy prevention curricula to delay, or mitigate consequences of, early sexual activity. Individual and organizational barriers to adoption, implementation, and maintenance, however, can hamper dissemination of evidence-based sexual health curricula, adversely impacting fidelity and reach. Internet-based approaches may help mitigate these barriers. This paper describes the development and feasibility testing of It’s Your Game (IYG)-Tech, a stand-alone 13-lesson Internet-based sexual health life-skills curriculum adapted from an existing effective sexual health curriculum—It’s Your Game… Keep it Real (IYG). IYG-Tech development adaptation steps were to: 1) Select a suitable effective program and gather the original program materials; 2) Develop “proof of concept” lessons and test usability and impact; 3) Develop the program design document describing the core content, scope, and methods and strategies; and 4) produce the new program. Lab- and school-based tests with middle school students demonstrated high ratings on usability parameters and immediate impact on selected psychosocial factors related to sexual behavior—perceptions of friends’ beliefs, reasons for not having sex, condom use self-efficacy, abstinence intentions, negotiating with others to protect personal rules, and improved knowledge about what constitutes healthy relationships (all p IYG-Tech is favorably compared to other learning channels (>76.2% agreement) and rated the lessons as helpful in making healthy choices, selecting personal rules, detecting challenges to those rules, and protecting personal rules through negotiation and refusal skills (89.5% - 100%). Further efficacy testing is indicated for IYG-Tech as a potential strategy to deliver effective HIV/STI, and pregnancy prevention to middle school youth.
The Role of Narrative in Career Construction Theory.

Abstract Career construction theory (CCT) (Savickas, 2005) approaches career counseling and career development from a constructivist and narrative perspective. As career theories move towards incorporating holistic approaches that take into consideration individuals' subjective experiences, narrative theory offers a means to draw out and clarify this story. Career construction theory, effectively integrates narrative and career conceptualizations to holistically create clarity in understanding what, how, and why individuals author their lives and careers in order to help individuals develop a cohesive identity, adapt within their environment, and construct the next chapter of their career story.
Auscultated fetal heart rate accelerations

Abstract The auscultated acceleration test has been proposed as a simple, inexpensive screening test for fetal health; previous studies of the auscultated acceleration test used external stimulation to elicit fetal movement. This study was conducted to explore the ability of the auscultated acceleration test to predict nonstress test results when vibratory acoustic stimulation is used to elicit fetal reactivity. After antepartum nonstress testing on 100 gravid women between 28 and 43 weeks' gestation, a 6-minute auscultated acceleration test protocol was performed with two vibratory acoustic stimulations to the maternal abdomen if no spontaneous fetal heart rate acceleration occurred. The ability of the auscultated acceleration test to predict nonstress test results after selected variables were controlled for was as follows: sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 97.6%; false-positive results, 14.3%; and false-negative results, 4.7%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, in addition to the auscultated acceleration test, gestational age and race contributed significantly to the prediction of nonstress test results. Although specificity and the false-positive rate were improved, the use of vibratory acoustic stimulations to elicit fetal movement did not improve the validity of the auscultated acceleration test in terms of sensitivity and false-negative results over previous studies. However, the auscultated acceleration test continues to show potential as an initial screening test for fetal assessment. In addition to recommendations for further research, methodologic issues related to sampling techniques are identified.
On the use of molecular mechanics calculations for the study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding phenomena

Comparison of published experimental data on amides 2 and 4 with recently reported computational results indicates that AMBER, as implemented by Macromodel v2.5 and 3.1, does not accurately reproduce intramolecular hydrogen bonding phenomena in oligoamides. In light of these deficiencies, computationally derived conclusions about the behavior of triamide 1 should probably be disregarded.
Altered hemoglobin-oxygen affinity with long-term propranolol therapy in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Pharmacologic agents that alter hemoglobin affinity for oxygen may affect systemic or myocardial oxygen delivery. In vitro, and in normal man, propranolol shifts the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve to the right, thus increasing the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50 percent saturated (P 50 ) and enhancing oxygen delivery. The effect of propranolol on hemoglobin P 50 was evaluated in 12 patients with angina pectoris and documented coronary artery disease. Determinations were made during oral propranolol therapy (mean daily dose 152 mg) of at least 3 months' duration and after administration of propranolol had been discontinued for at least 4 days. Hemoglobin P 50 and erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) were measured. Data in 12 patients were: the mean P 50 after discontinuation of propranolol was 28.2 mm Hg ± 0.9 (standard error of the mean) and during propranolol therapy 31.7 ± 0.7; P 50 . This demonstrated shift could increase systemic oxygen delivery and thus benefit marginally perfused myocardium while sparing coronary flow. Propranolol, in addition to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, may increase tissue oxygen delivery in patients with the anginal syndrome.
Implementation of BTOP funding for public computing centers: Goal consensus and project performance

Abstract This paper seeks to perform an assessment of the current state of implementation of BTOP-funded public computing center projects based on insights from principal–agent theory. Using newly available data on BTOP-funded PCC projects and correlating them with socioeconomic and geographic data derived from the US census and the FCC, we seek to assess whether program funds were targeted at unserved/underserved areas as required by program objectives, as well as the progress towards completion of PCC projects by type of grantee and funding amount. On the distribution of funds, we find that the PCCs supported were located in areas of high broadband availability as well as high demand: while this is contrary to the BTOP's stated purpose, we argue that it is actually more cost-effective to also target areas of high demand. It was also found that whereas a majority of PCC grants went to governmental agencies, who also received larger grants than non-governmental recipients, they were no more likely to generate a significantly higher percentage of matching funds or to move toward project completion sooner. We speculate that the intense competition for grants might have narrowed the performance gap between these categories of applicants.
Distinct expression profiles of transcriptional coactivators for thyroid hormone receptors during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis

The biological effects of thyroid hormone (T3) are mediated by the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Amphibian metamorphosis is one of the most dramatic processes that are dependent on T3. T3 regulates a series of orchestrated developmental changes, which ultimately result in the conversion of an aquatic herbivorous tadpole to a terrestrial carnivorous frog. T3 is presumed to bind to TRs, which in turn recruit coactivators, leading to gene activation. The best-studied coactivators belong to the p160 or SRC family. Members of this family include SRC1/NCoA-1, SRC2/TIF2/GRIP1, and SRC3/pCIP/ACTR/AIB-1/RAC-3/TRAM-1. These SRCs interact directly with liganded TR and function as adapter molecules to recruit other coactivators such as p300/CBP. Here, we studied the expression patterns of these coactivators during various stages of development. Amongst the coactivators cloned in Xenopus laevis, SRC3 was found to be dramatically upregulated during natural and T3-induced metamorphosis, and SRC2 and p300 are expressed throughout postembryonic development with little change in their expression levels. These results support the view that these coactivators participate in gene regulation by TR during metamorphosis.
Asbestos as a systemic carcinogen: the evidence from eleven cohorts.

Most known occupational carcinogens are site-specific, which implies that they are "complete" carcinogens with both "initiating" and "promoting" properties (Berenblum's terminology). Excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites among cohorts occupationally exposed to asbestos has been interpreted as reflecting additional site-specific effects, although excess at other sites has also been observed in some studies. The hypothesis that excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites cannot be distinguished from excess cancer at all nonpulmonary sites is tested by data from New York-New Jersey insulation workers working in 1943; similar workers employed after 1943; U.S.-Canadian insulation workers; London factory workers, male and female; Quebec miners and millers; retired U.S. factory workers; U.S. shipyard insulators; Italian shipyard workers in Genoa; Amosite factory workers; and U.S. factory workers. Excluding lung cancer and mesothelioma, observed-expected ratios for nonpulmonary cancer mortality range from 0.97 to 2.78, and do not differ significantly from gastrointestinal ratios. A dose-response gradient is observed for both ratios, when dose is estimated from lung cancer ratios, or in some studies, measured exposures. Site-specificity is unlikely for nonpulmonary cancer associated with asbestos exposure more than 20 years previously. Systemic carcinogenesis may be an example of promotion or impairment by asbestos of some cancer defense mechanism; immunological mechanisms have been suggested by Turner-Warwick and Parkes. Prospective studies are indicated.
210Pb in GEOSECS water profiles from the North Pacific

Ten GEOSECS profiles from the North Pacific have been analyzed for210Pb. GEOSECS226Ra data on the same profiles are used to calculate210Pb excess or deficiency relative to secular equilibrium. The resultant profiles are divisible into a thermocline zone (<2000m) showing an expected decrease with depth, a mid-water zone of about 2000 m showing small constant deficiencies with a zone of increasing deficiency to a bottom zone of about 1000 m having the highest deficiency virtually invariant with depth. The exponentially decreasing portion in the thermocline yields a “diffusion” coefficient of 3 cm2/s. The mid-water deficiencies yield ☐ model residence times of 400 years northeast of Hawaii decreasing to 100 years at the most marginal stations.
Mediterranean diet and depressive symptoms among older adults over time.

Objective To examine whether adherence to a Mediterranean-based dietary pattern is predictive of depressive symptoms among older adults.
Conditional expression of heterozygous or homozygous Jak2V617F from its endogenous promoter induces a polycythemia vera–like disease

A somatic point mutation (V617F) in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase was found in a majority of patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. However, contribution of the JAK2V617F mutation in these 3 clinically distinct myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) remained unclear. To investigate the role of JAK2V617F in the pathogenesis of these MPNs, we generated an inducible Jak2V617F knock-in mouse, in which the expression of Jak2V617F is under control of the endogenous Jak2 promoter. Expression of heterozygous mouse Jak2V617F evoked all major features of human polycythemia vera (PV), which included marked increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit, increased red blood cells, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, reduced serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels and Epo-independent erythroid colonies. Homozygous Jak2V617F expression also resulted in a PV-like disease associated with significantly greater reticulocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia and thrombocytosis, marked expansion of erythroid progenitors and Epo-independent erythroid colonies, larger spleen size, and accelerated bone marrow fibrosis compared with heterozygous Jak2V617F expression. Biochemical analyses revealed Jak2V617F gene dosage-dependent activation of Stat5, Akt, and Erk signaling pathways. Our conditional Jak2V617F knock-in mice provide an excellent model that can be used to further understand the molecular pathogenesis of MPNs and to identify additional genetic events that cooperate with Jak2V617F in different MPNs.
COMPELLING CLASSROOM DEMONSTRATIONS THAT LINK VISUAL SYSTEM ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND BEHAVIOUR

One of our approaches to teaching a course in anatomy and physiology is to stress the fundamental, systems-level concepts. One successful strategy we use is to continually highlight the relationshi...
The in vitro effects of mercury on peritoneal leukocytes (PMN and macrophages) from inbred brown Norway and Lewis rats.

The present paper demonstrates that HgCl2 can affect rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) and macrophage (M phi) functions in vitro. In addition, we have noticed that these effects of mercury vary according to the rat strain: for example, HgCl2 stimulates H2O2 release from Lewis (LEW) but not Brown Norway (BN) PMN. Similarly, LEW M phi produce high levels of H2O2 when exposed to HgCl2 in vitro, whereas BN M phi do not. Finally, mercury inhibits erythrophagocytosis of both LEW and BN "resident" peritoneal M phi. Preliminary experiments using M phi from other rat strains have also shown that MAXX M phi are stimulated by HgCl2 to release H2O2 in vitro, whereas Yoshida M phi are inhibited. Differences in lymphocyte responses (e.g. delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and mitogen stimulation) between rats of various strains are well known. To these examples one may now add variations in PMN and M phi responses to mercury and possibly other metals. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting the outcome of immunotoxicity studies in experimental animals. In particular, outbred rats may not provide appropriate models, that might be better obtained by comparative investigations of rats from various inbred strains.
Using high resolution imaging to determine trafficking of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in noradrenergic neurons of the rat locus coeruleus

Trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a critical determinant of cellular sensitivity of neurons. To understand how endogenous or exogenous ligands impact cell surface expression of GPCRs, it is essential to employ approaches that achieve superior anatomical resolution at the synaptic level. In situations in which light and fluorescence microscopy techniques may provide only limited resolution, electron microscopy provides enhanced subcellular precision. Dual labeling immunohistochemistry employing visually distinct immunoperoxidase and immunogold markers has been an effective approach for elucidating complex receptor profiles at the synapse and to definitively establish the localization of individual receptors and neuromodulators to common cellular profiles. The immuno-electron microscopy approach offers the potential for determining membrane versus intracellular protein localization, as well as the association with various identifiable cellular organelles. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is an important regulator of endocrine, autonomic, immunological, behavioral and cognitive limbs of the stress response. Dysfunction of this neuropeptide system has been associated with several psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes findings from neuroanatomical studies, with superior spatial resolution, that indicate that the distribution of CRF receptors is a highly dynamic process that, in addition to being sexually dimorphic, involves complex regulation of receptor trafficking within extrasynaptic sites that have significant consequences for adaptations to stress, particularly within the locus coeruleus (LC), the major brain norepinephrine-containing nucleus.
A Residential Consumer-Centered Load Control Strategy in Real-Time Electricity Pricing Environment

To residential customers, an existing monthly static electricity rate does not provide the true cost signals of electricity during their actual consumptions. When electricity supply is deficient, consumers have no motivation to reduce their electricity consumptions if their electric bills are not affected by the dynamic price changes. The US Government perceives the necessity of the demand response from residential consumers as stated in the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) 2005 Sections 1252 (a) (14) (A), 1252 (a) (14) (B), and 1252 (f). It is anticipated that more forthcoming infrastructures to support the demand response for residential customers will be implemented accordingly. Our research focuses on the control strategies of major loads such as air conditioner/heater and water heater since these loads together approximately account for the highest total residential electricity energy consumption. The results of the proposed strategy will be demonstrated in the MATLAB simulations using the pseudo realtime pricing of ERCOT and actual outdoor temperature data. The advantage of the proposed control strategy is its ability to effectively balance both user comfort and consumer price preferences. Particularly, this strategy is customer-centered, unlike the utility-centered in direct load control perspective, yet effective and simple enough for a real-life use of residential consumers.
Expression of Kv2.1 delayed rectifier K+ channel isoforms in the developing rat brain.

Mammalian central neurons regulate a diverse set of functions by changes in spatial and temporal expression patterns of a large family of K+ channel gene products. Here the temporal patterns of expression of Kv2.1 (drkl) K+ channel mRNAs and polypeptides have been studied in rat brain. Northern blots using Kv2.1-specific probes show that three size classes (4.4, 9.0, 11.5 kb) of Kv2.1 K+ channel transcripts are present in rat brain. These mRNAs show differential patterns of expression over embryonic and postnatal developmental, with the 4.4 kb transcript being the predominant embryonic Kv2.1 mRNA, and the 11.5 kb transcript being the predominant adult mRNA. Immunoblots using Kv2.1-specific site-directed antibodies show the existence of multiple Kv2.1 polypeptides, which differ in their mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gels, in their immunoreactivity to a carboxyl terminal-directed anti-Kv2.1 antibody, and in their developmental expression. Thus Kv2.1 polypeptide isoforms exhibit discrete temporal patterning during neuronal development, implying distinct roles for these channel proteins in vivo.
Influence of Induced Hypothermia on Digitalis Toxicity

Toxic doses of ouabain were injected in animals which were subsequently cooled. The mortality- in this group was compared to that of similarly treated controls. Lowering of body- temperature by 8 to 12 C. reduced the arrhythmias produced by the toxic doses of ouabain but did not alter the overall incidence of mortality from ventricular fibrillation when compared to the controls. However, cooled animals survived for considerably longer periods of time than the normothermic controls. It is concluded that subsequently induced hypothermia does not afford an effective protection from digitalis toxicity, even though arrhythmias are reduced and survival is prolonged. These results support the hypothesis that partial protection from ventricular arrhythmias is not necessarily associated with, protection from lethal ventricular fibrillation.
RNA therapeutics targeting osteoclast-mediated excessive bone resorption

RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing technique developed with dramatically increasing utility for both scientific and therapeutic purposes. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is currently exploited to regulate protein expression relevant to many therapeutic applications, and commonly used as a tool for elucidating disease-associated genes. Osteoporosis and their associated osteoporotic fragility fractures in both men and women are rapidly becoming a global healthcare crisis as average life expectancy increases worldwide. New therapeutics are needed for this increasing patient population. This review describes the diversity of molecular targets suitable for RNAi-based gene knock down in osteoclasts to control osteoclast-mediated excessive bone resorption. We identify strategies for developing targeted siRNA delivery and efficient gene silencing, and describe opportunities and challenges of introducing siRNA as a therapeutic approach to hard and connective tissue disorders.
Using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory to Understand Community Partnerships A Historical Case Study of One Urban High School

Although the value of school–community partnerships is unquestioned, the reasons for success and failure are not sufficiently understood. This mixed-methods case study examines 60 years of partneri...
Sp1-binding Elements in the Promoter of RAGE Are Essential for Amphoterin-mediated Gene Expression in Cultured Neuroblastoma Cells

Receptor for AGE (RAGE) and the polypeptide amphoterin are highly expressed and co-localized in neurons of the developing central nervous system of the rat. In vitro, the interaction of amphoterin with neuronal RAGE induces neurite outgrowth. We tested the hypothesis that interaction of amphoterin with neuronal cells enhances RAGE expression, thereby providing a mechanism by which amphoterin-mediated regulation of RAGE might contribute to promotion of neurite growth and spreading. Incubation of cultured neuroblastoma cells with amphoterin resulted in increased transcription and translation of RAGE, a process largely inhibited in the presence of anti-RAGE IgG but not by nonimmune IgG. To begin to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying these findings, we identified multiple putative binding elements within the 5′-flanking region of the RAGE gene for Sp1, a transcription factor that has been critically linked to the process of normal development. DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated multiple functional Sp1-binding sites within the region −245 to −40 of the RAGE promoter. Transient transfection of cultured SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells with chimeric 5′-deletion constructs linked to luciferase reporter revealed that the region containing Sp1-binding elements did not contribute uniquely to basal expression of the RAGE gene. Simultaneous mutation of the multiple Sp1-binding elements in this region did not affect basal promoter function; however, promoter responsiveness to amphoterin was markedly attenuated. These results point to Sp1-dependent mechanisms underlying amphoterin-mediated increases in RAGE expression in neuroblastoma cells and further link amphoterin-RAGE interaction to development of the nervous system.
The Community Capitals Framework: an empirical examination of internal relationships

There is a small but growing amount of research on the use the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) as it relates to changes and development at the community level. There are conflicting arguments re...