cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Propane-Induced biodegradation of vapor phase trichoroethylene

Microbial degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) has been demonstrated under aerobic conditions with propane. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of introducing a vapor phase form of TCE in the presence of propane to batch bioreactors containing a liquid phase suspension of Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 to accomplish degradation. The reactor system consisted of three phases: a vapor phase introducing air, propane, and TCE; a liquid phase of the microbial suspension; and a solid phase in the form of the microorganisms. Long-term and initial rate experiments were conducted on three culture sets to evaluate microbial response. In two long-term test fed propane and approximately 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L of TCE, respectively, propane utilization was more efficient at the high TCE concentration (600 mmol propane/mmol TCE versus 11,900 mmol propane/mmol TCE), because the propane degradation rate was approximately the same for both tests (6.73 mg/L . h and 7.85 mg/L . h for the high and low tests). In addition, TCE utilization decreased after complete propane consumption. Initial rate tests on culture sets fed propane only revealed that cells with a history of exposure to a high concentration of TCE had the highest specific growth rate, but the lowest half-saturation constant (7.60e(-3) h(-1) and 0.10 mg/L, respectively). Tests fed variable TCE concentrations (0.031 to 5.378 mg/L in the liquid phase) with no propane showed TCE depletion but no biomass growth. The tests revealed that the TCE removal increased as the TCE concentration increased, indicating a greater removal efficiency at the higher concentrations. Tests with a constant initial propane concentration and variable liquid phase TCE concentration revealed that specific propane utilization was essentially the same. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Practice of Pride

Pride has been denounced as one of the seven deadly sins and praised as the crown of the virtues. Perhaps because of the difficulty of navigating between these appraisals, pride has not been paid very much attention by ethicists. Moreover, pride is so familiar as a feeling that the suggestion that it could be a virtue may seem misplaced.
Does Psychotherapy Supervision Contribute to Patient Outcomes? Considering Thirty Years of Research

After a century of psychotherapy supervision and over half a century of supervision research, what do we know empirically about the contribution of psychotherapy supervision to patient outcomes? In this article, I address that question by (1) assembling all identified supervision-patient outcome studies, from 1981 to 2006, referenced in four reviews (Ellis & Ladany, 1997; Freitas, 2002; Inman & Ladany, 2008; Wheeler & Richards, 2007) and (2) identifying additional post-review studies by means of computer searches, spanning January 2006 through May 2011. A total of 18 supervision outcome studies emerged, spanning the past generation of supervision scholarship. Unfortunately, after closely scrutinizing each investigation, eliminating misidentified studies (constituting over one-third of the 18 studies), and weighing the gravity of various methodological deficiencies across investigations, the collective data appeared to shed little new light on the matter: We do not seem to be any more able to say now (as o...
Novel Candidate Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers Identified by Methylation Microarray-Based Scanning

DNA hypermethylation is a common epigenetic abnormality in colorectal cancers (CRCs) and a promising class of CRC screening biomarkers. We conducted a genome-wide search for novel neoplasia-specific hypermethylation events in the colon. We applied methylation microarray analysis to identify loci hypermethylated in 17 primary CRCs relative to eight non-neoplastic colonic mucosae (NCs) from neoplasia-free subjects. These CRC-associated hypermethylation events were then individually evaluated for their ability to discriminate neoplastic from non-neoplastic cases, based on real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) assays in 113 colonic tissues: 51 CRCs, nine adenomas, 19 NCs from CRC patients (CRC-NCs), and 34 NCs from neoplasia-free subjects (control NCs). A strict microarray data filtering identified 169 candidate CRC-associated hypermethylation events. Fourteen of these 169 loci were evaluated using qMSP assays. Ten of these 14 methylation events significantly distinguished CRCs from age-matched control NCs (P<0.05 by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis); methylation of visual system homeobox 2 (VSX2) achieved the highest discriminative accuracy (83.3% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity, P<1×10(-6)), followed by BEN domain containing 4 (BEND4), neuronal pentraxin I (NPTX1), ALX homeobox 3 (ALX3), miR-34b, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), BTG4, homer homolog 2 (HOMER2), zinc finger protein 583 (ZNF583), and gap junction protein, gamma 1 (GJC1). Adenomas were significantly discriminated from control NCs by hypermethylation of VSX2, BEND4, NPTX1, miR-34b, GLP1R, and HOMER2 (P<0.05). CRC-NCs were significantly distinguished from control NCs by methylation of ALX3 (P<1×10(-4)). In conclusion, systematic methylome-wide analysis has identified ten novel methylation events in neoplastic and non-neoplastic colonic mucosae from CRC patients. These potential biomarkers significantly discriminate CRC patients from controls. Thus, they merit further evaluation in stool- and circulating DNA-based CRC detection studies.
Analytical Model for Message Propagation in Delay Tolerant Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we present an analytical model for delay tolerant message propagation in a dynamic vehicular network. The analysis provides upper and lower bounds for message propagation as function of traffic density, vehicle speed and radio range. The model is an extension of previous work which considered a particular network setting. The results from the analytical model are compared with simulation results for various vehicular traffic densities. The work demonstrates that increased mobility of vehicles actually aids in messaging contrary to the expectation that it would be a hindrance due to frequent topology changes. An increase in vehicle speed from 0 m/s to 20 m/s results in a corresponding increase in message propagation rate of 200 m/s for vehicular density of 25 vehicles/km.
Covalent and orthogonal multi-functionalization of terpolymers

Random poly(norbornene)-based terpolymers containing azide, ketone and maleimide functionalities along the side-chain were synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Subsequent side-chain functionalizations were carried out using three distinct reactions: maleimide–thiol coupling, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and hydrazone formation. All investigated functionalization transformations proceed with high fidelity and absolute selectivity under mild reaction conditions.
Social Comparison in Romantic Jealousy

Past research has shown that jealous people tend to denigrate their rivals in order to preserve a positive self-evaluation. The present two studies investigated whether derogation of the rival is always a consequence of a social comparison with the rival. It was hypothesized that jealous people would derogate their rivals only on attributes that they perceive to be important to their partners; however, jealous people would evaluate their rivals as having attractive characteristics on attributes perceived to be less important to their partners. Undergraduates rated themselves, their partners, their rivals, and their partners' rivals (i.e., persons of whom their partners were jealous) on personality attributes that were either very important or less important to themselves and to their partners. Results indicated that the rivals and the partners' rivals were negatively evaluated on very important dimensions, but were seen as at least equally attractive on less important attributes. The plausibility of a sel...
The class III variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII): characterization and utilization as an immunotherapeutic target

Any immunotherapeutic approach to cancer cell eradication is based upon the specific recognition of neoplastic cells and the sparing of surrounding normal tissue; perhaps nowhere is this distinction more important than within the central nervous system, due to the diffuse infiltrative nature of primary glial tumor cell growth. Whether ultimate effect moieties are immunoglobulins, fragments and/or their constructs with drugs, toxins, radionuclides, or immune cells, the specificity of effector: cell surface marker is crucial. This review describes the identification, immunologic characterization, and biologic behavior of a transmembrane tumor-specific altered growth factor receptor molecule which may well serve as a mediator of multiple immunotherapeutic approaches: the class III variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFRvIII.
GaAs ≪110≫ nanowires: Planar, self-aligned, twin-free, high-mobility and transfer-printable

We present ≪110≫ planar, self-aligned, twin-free, and high mobility GaAs semiconductor nanowires grown on (100) GaAs substrates. In addition, such planar nanowires are directly transfer-printable and naturally integratable with existing processing technology and photonic and electronic device designs.
Microarrays and polyglutamine disorders: reports from the Hereditary Disease Array Group

Advances in molecular biology and genetics have allowed researchers to probe function and dysfunction at the level of the individual gene and/or protein. The integration of such information into an understanding of function has been a challenge facing all molecular geneticists and has contributed to the widening gap between molecular and systems scientists. In the neurosciences, this rift is especially dramatic. The ability to simultaneously monitor changes in the expression of thousands of genes using DNA microarrays has the potential to provide a global or ‘genomic’ view of brain function/ dysfunction. Two important barriers in the application of this technology to the study of neurological disease have been the availability of high-powered analytical approaches and appropriate genetic models. This issue of Human Molecular Genetics contains six contributions that approach these hurdles. These papers are centered on the application of DNA microarrays to survey alterations in gene expression associated with the expression of mutant polyglutamine proteins. A consortium headed by Dr Jim Olson of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and funded by the Hereditary Disease Foundation initiated this effort. Thus, this work is focused on the effects of expressing a mutant form of the Huntington disease (HD) gene product, huntingtin. Three papers, two by Luthi-Carter and colleagues (1,2) and one from Chan and co-workers (3), examine polyglutamineinduced changes in gene expression using several mouse models of HD. In the Luthi-Carter et al. contributions, mice expressing a truncated form of mutant huntingtin are examined. The first paper provides data that, in R6/2 mice (the often designated Bates mouse), a considerable number of genes have an altered pattern of expression and this pattern shows little sign of regional specificity (1). These are consistent with the previous pathological data indicating that this mouse model of HD shows little sign of the regional-specificity of disease as seen in patients. The second paper from the Luthi-Carter group compares gene expression changes between mouse models of dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy and HD (2). At least in the cerebella of these mice, there was a considerable overlap in the genes showing altered gene expression. Thus, polyglutamine-induced changes in gene expression can be identified that are independent of the protein context in which the glutamine tract is located. Perhaps such context-independent genes reflect pathways that are common among the different polyglutamine
Non-randomness of nucleotide bases in mRNA codons.

Maximum likelihood estimates of codon and base frequencies from observed amino acid composition of proteins were obtained based on models capable of revealing dependency between base arrangements in the three positions of a codon. Results showed that many of the proteins analysed revealed dependency between base arrangements in the first and second codon positions (first-order interaction). Also, in a number of proteins the interactions between base arrangements seemed to involve simultaneously more than one first order interaction and/or a second-order interaction (among base arrangements in the three codon positions). It was of interest to observe that the model of random base arrangements did not fit the observed amino acid data in almost all of the proteins that were analysed. More than ten amino acids contributed to this deviation from randomness.
Vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms, diet, and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: a nested case-control study

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been inconsistently associated with breast cancer risk. Whether risk is influenced by polymorphisms in other vitamin D metabolism genes and whether calcium or vitamin D intake modifies risk by genotype have not been evaluated. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort of associations between breast cancer and four VDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Bsm1,Apa1,Taq1, and Fok1, a poly(A) microsatellite, and associated haplotypes (baTL and BAtS). We also examined one SNP in the 24-hydroxylase gene (CYP24A1) and two in the vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component [GC]) gene. Participants completed a questionnaire on diet and medical history at baseline in 1992. This study includes 500 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 500 controls matched by age, race/ethnicity, and date of blood collection. Incident breast cancer was not associated with any genotype examined. However, women with the Bsm1 bb SNP who consumed greater than the median intake of total calcium (≥902 mg/day) had lower odds of breast cancer compared to women with the Bb or BB genotype and less than the median calcium intake (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.38 to 0.96; p interaction = 0.01). Similar interactions were observed for Taq1 (T allele) and the poly(A) (LL) repeat. We found no overall association between selected vitamin D pathway genes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, certain VDR gene polymorphisms were associated with lower risk in women consuming high levels of calcium, suggesting that dietary factors may modify associations by VDR genotype.
Prospective randomized trial of ACUSEAL (Gore-Tex) vs Finesse (Hemashield) patching during carotid endarterectomy: long-term outcome.

Background Several studies have reported that carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty is superior to primary closure. Conventional polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex, W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) patching has been shown to have results similar to autogenous saphenous vein patching; however, it requires a longer hemostasis time. This study examined the long-term clinical outcome and incidence of restenosis after carotid endarterectomy using the new ACUSEAL (Gore-Tex) patching vs Hemashield Finesse (Boston Scientific Corp, Natick, Mass) patching. Methods The study randomized 200 patients (1:1) undergoing carotid endarterectomy to 100 with ACUSEAL patching and 100 with Hemashield-Finesse patching. All patients underwent immediate and 1-month postoperative duplex ultrasound studies, which were repeated at 6-month intervals. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the freedom from stroke, stroke-free survival, and the risk of restenosis for both groups. Results The demographic and clinical characteristics, the mean operative diameter of the internal carotid artery, and the length of the arteriotomy were similar in both groups. The mean hemostasis time was 5.1 for the ACUSEAL patching vs 3.7 minutes for Finesse patching ( P = .01); however, the mean operative times were similar for both groups ( P = .61). The incidence of ipsilateral stroke was 2% for ACUSEAL patching (both early perioperative strokes) vs 3% for Finesse patching (2 early and 1 late stroke) at a mean follow-up of 21 months. The respective cumulative stroke-free rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 98%, 98%, and 98% for ACUSEAL patching vs 97%, 97%, and 97% for Finesse patching ( P = .7). The respective cumulative stroke-free survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 97%, 92%, and 88% for ACUSEAL patching vs 96%, 96%, and 91% for Finesse patching ( P = .6). The respective freedom from ≥70% carotid restenosis at 1, 2, and 3 years was 98%, 96%, and 89% for ACUSEAL patching vs 92%, 85%, and 79% for Finesse patching ( P = .04). Conclusions Carotid endarterectomy with ACUSEAL patching and Finesse patching had similar stroke-free rates and stroke-free survival rates. The mean hemostasis time for the ACUSEAL patch was 1.4 minutes longer than that for the Finesse patch; however, the Finesse patch had higher restenosis rates than the ACUSEAL patch.
Simplified equipment for photoelastic studies of propagating stress waves

The propagation of stress waves generated by impact may be observed photoelastically with the use of the simple experimental arrangement described herein. In addition to providing control over the observed progress of the wave, the apparatus permits photography of the wave with conventional cameras. The equipment may be used not only for scientific experiment, but also for classroom demonstration.
Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma to the pineal body a case report

The case of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma to the pineal body reported herein is believed to be the first case of this kind reported in the literature. It appears also to be the first unequivocal case in which a metastatic pineal tumor gave rise to clinical signs of a primary pineal tumor.
Mechanism of Formation of Hexosemonophosphate in Muscle and Isolation of a New Phosphate Ester

SummaryIn minced and washed frog muscle incubated in phosphate buffer, added adenylic acid transfers inorganic phosphate to carbohydrate resulting in the formation of hexosemonophosphate. The first phosphorylation product proved to be a new ester which was isolated as the crystalline brucin salt and had the properties of glucose-1-phosphoric acid; when added to frog muscle extract it was converted in a few minutes to the Embden ester.
Computations of Active Open-Loop Flow Control on a Fluttering Wing

Fully coupled CFD-CSD simulations are used to characterize the dynamic aeroelastic behavior of a torsionally flexible, finite aspect ratio NACA0018 wing. The main aeroelastic instability, which is also known as stall flutter, is a cycle from increasing angle of attack, large lift, then flow separation and a reduction of the angle of attack due to the elastic forces in the wing. The same sequence of events happens for negative angles of attack. This dynamic instability is a very periodic limit cycle oscillation. A single blowing port was integrated in the wing to control the lift oscillation. Constant blowing at various amplitudes had significant impact, reducing the limit cycle amplitude. The data was used to develop a simple model of the damping added to the structural dynamics due to the forcing. The model showed that the response to forcing is highly nonlinear and that a optimum blowing strength exists.
Analysis of the Plasma Ignition Burner Burnout Problem and Its Improvement

In this paper the general situation of 600 MW supercritical power unit boiler and its plasma ignition burner in Guo-dian Changzhou Generating Co.,Ltd are introduced.The operation of the plasma ignition device and burner burnout problem are described and analyzed,and some measures are carried out after analyzing the cause.Some useful suggestion and conclu-sion for plasma ignition burner are putted forward that is good guidance for operation and commissioning in other power plant of the same type.
A tale of two mbiras

This is the tale of two kinds of mbira from Zimbabwe: mbira dzavadzimu and mbira dzaVaNdau.1 Both began as narrowly localized instruments, but they’ve had very divergent fates over the past one hundred years. The mbira dzavadzimu has become widely known throughout Zimbabwe, a presence in popular music, and a potentially viable economic choice for some musicians. It is played throughout the world, and has become part of the ethnomusicological canon, a literal textbook example of world music (Locke 2009; Turino 2011). During the same period, the mbira dzaVaNdau has quietly faded into near anonymity and virtual disappearance in Zimbabwe.2 In this article, I explore the reasons for this divergence and the role ethnomusicology has played in this history and I ask, what is ethnomusicology’s responsibility when it becomes part of the tale it hopes to tell?
The Causes of Fraud in the Financial Crisis of 2007 to 2009: Evidence from the Mortgage-Backed Securities Industry

The financial crisis of 2007 to 2009 was marked by widespread fraud in the mortgage securitization industry. Most of the largest mortgage originators and mortgage-backed securities issuers and unde...
Quantitative [ 18 F]FMISO PET Imaging Shows Reduction of Hypoxia Following Trastuzumab in a Murine Model of HER2+ Breast Cancer.

Evaluation of [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a metric for evaluating early response to trastuzumab therapy with histological validation in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Mice with BT474, HER2+ tumors, were imaged with [18F]FMISO-PET during trastuzumab therapy. Pimonidazole staining was used to confirm hypoxia from imaging. [18F]FMISO-PET indicated significant decreases in hypoxia beginning on day 3 (P < 0.01) prior to changes in tumor size. These results were confirmed with pimonidazole staining on day 7 (P < 0.01); additionally, there was a significant positive linear correlation between histology and PET imaging (r 2 = 0.85). [18F]FMISO-PET is a clinically relevant modality which provides the opportunity to (1) predict response to HER2+ therapy before changes in tumor size and (2) identify decreases in hypoxia which has the potential to guide subsequent therapy.
Spatial variability of surface fuels in treated and untreated ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains

There is growing consensus that spatial variability in fuel loading at scales down to 0.5 m may govern fire behaviour and effects. However, there remains a lack of understanding of how fuels vary through space in wildland settings. This study quantifies surface fuel loading and its spatial variability in ponderosa pine sites before and after fuels treatment in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. We found that spatial semivariance for 1- and 100-h fuels, litter and duff following thin-and-burn treatments differed from untreated sites, and was lower than thin-only sites for all fuel components except 1000-h fuels. Fuel component semivariance increased with mean fuel component loading. The scale of spatial autocorrelation for all fuel components and sites ranged from <1 to 48 m, with the shortest distances occurring for the finest fuel components (i.e. duff, litter). Component mean fuel particle diameter strongly predicted (R2 = 0.88) the distance needed to achieve sample independence. Additional work should test if these scaling relationships hold true across forested ecosystems, and could reveal fundamental processes controlling surface fuel variability. Incorporating knowledge of spatial variability into fuel sampling protocols will enhance assessment of wildlife habitat, and fire behaviour and effects modelling, over singular stand-level means.
Metallic Contaminants on Surfaces and Their Impact

Metallic contaminants are ubiquitous as discrete particles or in ionic form. Even in very low concentrations, they can adversely affect the performance of high-end devices. This chapter provides an overview of the sources and generation of metallic contaminants and discusses some of their impacts. Analytical techniques are briefly described that are available to detect and characterize metallic contaminants at the nanoscale.
Triage of Conservation Needs: The Juxtaposition of Conflict Mitigation and Connectivity Considerations in Heterogeneous, Human-Dominated Landscapes

Conservation of wide-ranging endangered species is increasingly focused on large heterogeneous landscapes. At such scales, particularly when conservation landscapes are human dominated, it is imperative that prioritization techniques be used to allocate limited resources wisely. Moreover, spatial aspects of conservation planning warrant key consideration within these landscapes, such that certain sites that are key to either mitigating threats to species or to maintaining ecological processes, are prioritized. However, there are often multiple conservation needs, and multiple associated constraints, for species conservation in such landscapes. While there are tools to prioritize sites based on single or few conservation requirements and constraints, there is less knowledge on how these conservation needs, or corresponding management interventions, relate to each other in a scenario where conservation focus on one issue potentially detracts from another. We take the specific example of two conservation needs that are central to landscape-scale conservation of the endangered Asian elephant Elephas maximus, namely the maintenance of connectivity, and the mitigation of human–elephant conflict. We show that conservation decision making, in addition to considering which species and sites to focus on, should also prioritize conservation needs. We review documentation of conflict mitigation and examine if the maintenance of connectivity was simultaneously addressed, and if so, whether optimal conservation solutions differed when connectivity considerations were included. We conclude with a discussion on the triage of conservation needs, and future prospects and challenges in ensuring that landscape-scale conservation strategies accounts for multiple interacting conservation needs for endangered species in heterogeneous human-dominated landscapes.
Self-Reflective Helping: Foucaultian Insights on Helping and Power Dynamics

Empirical evidence suggests that postsecondary education for offenders within the Texas prison population is an effective means of reducing recidivism. This article is an interpretative essay attempting to understand these beneficial effects. It contrasts the naive interpretation of enhanced offender agency with Foucault's powers of normalization as the foreground for a larger discussion of what it means to help. It suggests a theoretical framework for client empowerment that embraces the ideal of parity of control between the extremes of subversive agency and the social power of normalization.
Partial Cystectomy in the Treatment of Primary and Secondary Carcinoma of the Bladder

AbstractWe reviewed 50 patients who had undergone partial cystectomy for primary carcinoma of the bladder. Specific indications and operative technique are discussed. The 5-year survival rate was 67 per cent for patients with stages O and A disease, 53 per cent for stage B and 20 per cent for stages C and D1. Survival was improved for patients with tumors on the posterior bladder wall. Patients in whom free margins of resection were accomplished for unifocal disease had longer survival, with a diminished propensity for developing recurrent bladder cancer. There was no hospital mortality and postoperative complications were minimal. An additional 12 patients underwent partial cystectomy for adjacent carcinomas secondarily invading the bladder with less favorable results.
“Analogy” is Analogous

The claim that “analogy” is analogous has sometimes been made in comparing so-called analogy of attribution with so-called analogy of proper proportionality when the meaning of “primary analogate” in these two putative types of analogous name is questioned. The claim, it has always seemed to me, has a rhetorical if not intimidating ring to it. One is being told, presumably, what analogy is and when he seeks clarification about an element of the explanation he is told that it is analogous. Well, of course, one finds the word “dictionary” in the dictionary but if one were sent to the dictionary to look up the word “dictionary” it would be fair to ask if the trip is necessary. Similarly, if one could be expected to understand the claim that “analogy” is analogous, made in the course of an explanation of analogy, one would scarcely be in need of enlightenment in the first place.
Pyridine(diimine) Molybdenum-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Arenes and Hindered Olefins: Insights into Precatalyst Activation and Deactivation Pathways

Pyridine(diimine) molybdenum bis(olefin) and bis(alkyl) complexes were synthesized, characterized, and examined for their catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of benzene and a selection of substituted arenes. The molybdenum bis(alkyl) complex (4-tBu-iPrPDI)Mo(CH2SiMe3)2 (iPrPDI = 2,6-(2,6-(C(CH3)2H)2C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N) exhibited the highest activity for the hydrogenation of benzene, producing cyclohexane in >98% yield at 23 °C under 4 atm of hydrogen after 48 h. Toluene and o-xylene were similarly hydrogenated to their respective cycloalkanes, with the latter yielding predominantly (79:21 dr) cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane. The molybdenum-catalyzed hydrogenation of naphthalene yielded tetralin exclusively, and this selectivity was maintained at higher H2 pressure. At 32 atm of H2, more hindered arenes such as monosubstituted benzenes, biphenyl, and m- and p-xylenes underwent hydrogenation with yields ranging between 20 and >98%. (4-tBu-iPrPDI)Mo(CH2SiMe3)2 was also a competent alkene hydrogenation catalyst,...
Systems of Imprimitivity

This chapter discusses the notion of a system of imprimitivity for a group and, in some cases, describes all such systems to within unitary equivalence. These problems were first solved by Frobenius for the case of finite groups. For infinite groups’ their study is more recent. Their first appearance seems to be in a series of examples constructed by Murray and von Neumann [1], [2] in their theory of rings of operators. Anticipating terminology, we can say that the examples of Murray and von Neumann form a class of ergodic systems of imprimitivity. On the other hand, the first work on transitive systems appeared in 1939. In his great 1939 paper Wigner underscored their importance for building up the theory of representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group and studied, although in quite an implicit fashion, the systems of imprimitivity associated with this group. Also Gel’fand and Naĭmark [1] based their solution to the problem of describing the unitary representations of the “ax+b” group on an analysis of certain natural systems of imprimitivity.
Mechanstic Factors Affecting Fenton Oxidations in Natural Waters

The use of Fenton’s reagent (Fe(II) + H2 O 2 yields hydroxyl radical) has been applied to remediation of contaminated soil sites and treatment of industrial waste streams. However, degradation of dissolved organic pollutants by Fenton’s reagent is strongly affected by thepresence of other dissolved species. Natural organic matter (NOM) exerts three main influences on hydroxyl radical mediated oxidation of pollutants: 1) reduction of hydroxyl radical concentration through scavenging, 2) reduction in hydroxyl radical formation rate and efficiency through iron binding or redox coupling, and 3) sequestering of pollutants away from hydroxyl radical through pollutant-NOM binding. Sequestering of pollutants away from hydroxyl radical appears to be a significant mechanism for reducing degradation efficiency. All three effects must be accounted for in developing models for in situ degradation. Furthermore, the effects observed in the presence of natural organic matter may be similar to effects of non-pollutant organic compounds present in industrial waste streams.
Thermodynamic simulation of multi-stage screw compressors using chamber-based screw model

Compressed air is one of the most versatile and convenient power sources available in industry today. More than two-thirds of the overall cost of a compressed air package goes towards energy cost. Therefore, energy efficiency in compressed air systems is very important and must be continuously optimized.
Biogenesis of Dense-Core Secretory Granules

Dense core granules (DCGs) are vesicular organelles derived from outbound traffic through the eukaryotic secretory pathway. As DCGs are formed, the secretory pathway can also give rise to other types of vesicles, such as those bound for endosomes, lysosomes, and the cell surface. DCGs differ from these other vesicular carriers in both content and function, storing highly concentrated cores’ of condensed cargo in vesicles that are stably maintained within the cell until a specific extracellular stimulus causes their fusion with the plasma membrane. These unique features are imparted by the activities of membrane and lumenal proteins that are specifically delivered to the vesicles during synthesis. This chapter will describe the DCG biogenesis pathway, beginning with the sorting of DCG proteins from proteins that are destined for other types of vesicle carriers. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), sorting occurs as DCG proteins aggregate, causing physical separation from non-DCG proteins. Recent work addresses the nature of interactions that produce these aggregates, as well as potentially important interactions with membranes and membrane proteins. DCG proteins are released from the TGN in vesicles called immature secretory granules (ISGs). The mechanism of ISG formation is largely unclear but is not believed to rely on the assembly of vesicle coats like those observed in other secretory pathways. The required cytosolic factors are now beginning to be identified using in vitro systems with purified cellular components. ISG transformation into a mature fusion-competent, stimulus-dependent DCG occurs as endoproteolytic processing of many DCG proteins causes continued condensation of the lumenal contents. At the same time, proteins that fail to be incorporated into the condensing core are removed by a coat-mediated budding mechanism, which also serves to remove excess membrane and membrane proteins from the maturing vesicle. This chapter will summarize the work leading to our current view of granule synthesis, and will discuss questions that need to be addressed in order to gain a more complete understanding of the pathway.
A social identity approach to biculturals

Although research on biculturals in recent years has expanded at a rapid pace, most research has still tended to focus on examining individual bicultural competence and identity integration. While ...
In search of tris(trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl) thorium

Reduction of Cp′3ThCl, Cp′3ThBr, and Cp′3ThI (Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3) with potassium graphite generates dark blue solutions with reactivity and spectroscopic properties consistent with the formation of Cp′3Th. The EPR and UV-visible spectra of the solutions are similar to those of crystallographically-characterized tris(cyclopentadienyl) Th(III) complexes: [C5H3(SiMe3)2]3Th, (C5Me4H)3Th, (C5tBu2H3)3Th, and (C5Me5)3Th. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis indicates that the UV-visible spectrum is consistent with Cp′3Th and not [Cp′3ThBr]1−. Although single crystals of Cp′3Th have not been isolated, the blue solution reacts with Me3SiCl, I2, and HCCPh to afford products expected from Cp′3Th, namely, Cp′3ThCl, Cp′3ThI, and Cp′3Th(CCPh), respectively. Reactions with MeI give mixtures of Cp′3ThI and Cp′3ThMe. Evidence for further reduction of the blue solutions to a Cp′-ligated Th(II) complex has not been observed. The crystal structures of Cp′3ThMe and (Cp′3Th)2(μ-O) were also determined as part of these studies.
Regional difference and related cooling electricity savings of air pollutant affected natural ventilation in commercial buildings across the US

Abstract Maintaining indoor air pollutants under acceptable levels is significant to protect occupants from exposure to excessive air pollutants in natural ventilation. In this paper, using the representative air pollutant concentration data, we present the natural ventilation usability with associated cooling energy saving potentials in different location settings (urban and city center, suburban and rural) of the US under the influence of local weather conditions and major outdoor air pollutants, i.e. PM2.5, PM10 and ozone. It is found that the impacts of air pollutants on natural ventilation are usually higher in urban/suburban areas than rural areas (up to 25% difference) with the PM2.5 being the most significant outdoor air pollutant affecting natural ventilation usage. Ozone could become increasingly influential on natural ventilation as moving from urban to suburban/rural areas. As to the cooling energy saving considering the impacts of outdoor air pollutants, natural ventilation is estimated to save approximately 10%–40% cooling energy (800–2600 kWh per small commercial building) annually in different location settings of investigated areas across the US. The following economic analysis demonstrates that these electricity savings lead to approximately 80–540 dollars annual savings of building operation cost per building. If the time of use rate is adopted, these cost savings could further increase by approximately 20% (Los Angeles) to more than 50% (Albuquerque) depending on different rate structures, which further demonstrates the potential of adopting natural ventilation as a sustainability measurement with benefits for building owners without compromising occupants health.
Remembrance of Michael Riffaterre

In 1994, Professor Riffaterre published in the journal New Literary History the essay "Intertextuality vs. Hypertextuality." In this essay, he argued that, by virtue of intertextuality, human readers distinguish pertinent, literary signs, while computers process hypertextual connections without, as yet, being able to isolate the literary sign system from unwieldy bodies of ordinary text. He was, in effect, defending humanity against machines. At the time that he wrote this essay, I was employed as one of his English-language editorial assistants (this job lasted from 1988 until 1996, while I was in graduate school in the Columbia English department). The fact that he saw fit to enter the fray of hypertextual theory continues to strike me as a signal instance of what I took to be his prevailing humor: playful audacity. Professor Riffaterre relished the game of intellectual challenge, and he never seemed to grow mean or petty about, or to become wounded by, the heated exchanges that transpired on paper and in conferences. (I realize that my sense that this is somehow remarkable may speak to the difference between my typically American low threshold for spirited argument and the glee with which the French seem to plunge into rancorous debate.) Sitting in the audience at the public lectures of his colleagues, he would pretend to fall asleep--at least, this is what he later claimed to have done--and then, as the question-and-answer session began he would, to appearances, rouse himself. He would then raise his hand and ask the most piercing question he could muster, having, in fact, carefully followed the speaker's argument all along. Why should he sit through a round of pedestrian questions when he could stir things up? And why not make a game of it? So, when he decided to write the hypertext piece, I thought wonders would never cease. He may well have been right about the exclusively human power to read literarily, but the fact is the man never used a computer in his life. It was sheer audacity--of a playful sort--that allowed him to take on the computer people. In his own life as a scholar, he sat behind the wide desk in his darkened office, occasionally taking up one of those intoxicating French cigarettes--the setting seemed vaguely illegal, like a backroom gambling enterprise--and hand-wrote his essays and chapters and lectures on lined yellow legal pads. He was typically surrounded by papers, files and piles of books, some of which had long ago been declared Missing In Action from the Columbia library (it was among out duties to keep the circulation librarians at bay). If a writing deadline were looming, or, more likely, if it were several months past but suddenly urgent, he would tear off the pages as he wrote them and hand them to me to make sense of. …
Long-Pulse, high-current free electron laser with no external focusing

A 2-μ sec-duration electron beam from an induction linac is used to drive a free electron laser (FEL). Experiments using a helical wiggler without any external focusing have made possible an unambiguous study of the FEL radiation. Power levels of 2–4 MW have been measured at ∼ 30 GHz, corresponding to an interaction efficiency of 1.5–3%.
Silo placement in gastroschisis: A pilot study of simulation-based training for general surgery residents.

Abstract Introduction General surgery residents often feel unprepared for rotations on pediatric surgical services as case volume and experience performing pediatric procedures may be inadequate for high acuity, low volume procedures. We designed a single institution pilot study to assess whether simulation-based training (SBT) for placement of a silastic silo for gastroschisis was feasible and lead to skill acquisition, retention and increased resident confidence. Methods We used our newly created gastroschisis module within our pediatric surgery SBT curriculum for general surgery residents. Residents completed two simulation sessions three months apart, completed confidence testing before and after each session, and were assessed using a standardized case scenario and procedure checklist. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests evaluated changes in residents’ confidence and performance. Results Ten post-graduate-year three general surgery residents completed this curriculum. Residents reported improved confidence completing each step of the procedure initially (p = 0.008) and at 3 months (p = 0.005). They had improved technical scores across all steps of the procedure (p = 0.005). The number of residents deemed proficient significantly improved (p = 0.008). Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of assessing the technical skills of general surgery residents performing a simulated placement of a silastic silo for gastroschisis. Residents’ confidence and proficiency improved over the three-month period. Study Type Prospective Level of Evidence Level II
Outpatient Virtual Visits and the "Right" Amount of Telehealth Going Forward.

Background: An exponential increase in outpatient telehealth visits occurred early in the pandemic period that has been followed by volumes that, although lower than peak numbers, are substantially...
Bridging Intention and Action for Employee Well-Being Using the Intentional Action (InAct) Process: Workshop-Lecture Series.

BackgroundEmployee wellness programs can help manage stress and alleviate burnout.ObjectiveTo pilot and disseminate the Intentional Action(InAct) concept for employee wellbeing.MethodsFive independ...
Quantitative effects of off-resonance related distortion on brain mechanical property estimation with magnetic resonance elastography

Off-resonance related geometric distortion can impact quantitative MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and result in errors to these otherwise sensitive metrics of brain health. MRE is a phase contrast technique to determine the mechanical properties of tissue by imaging shear wave displacements and estimating tissue stiffness through inverse solution of Navier's equation. In this study, we systematically examined the quantitative effects of distortion and corresponding correction approaches on MRE measurements through a series of simulations, phantom models, and in vivo brain experiments. We studied two different k-space trajectories, echo-planar imaging and spiral, and we determined that readout time, off-resonance gradient strength, and the combination of readout direction and off-resonance gradient direction, impact the estimated mechanical properties. Images were also processed through traditional distortion correction pipelines, and we found that each of the correction mechanisms works well for reducing stiffness errors, but are limited in cases of very large distortion. The ability of MRE to detect subtle changes to neural tissue health relies on accurate, artifact-free imaging, and thus off-resonance related geometric distortion must be considered when designing sequences and protocols by limiting readout time and applying correction where appropriate.
Innovation in Religious Tradition: From the Blessed Birth to the Mevlid-i Nebi, 1989-2019

This article examines the changes in the observation of mawlid, or the birth of the Prophet Muḥammad, that have occurred in the public sphere in Turkey during the past three decades. The innovation...
Communicating Evolution: An Exploration of Students' Skills in an Essential Practice of Science

The Next Generation Science Standards emphasize the importance of developing students’ abilities to effectively communicate science, including topics that are highly scrutinized in the American public sphere such as evolution. However, student attainment of controversial communicative competence (the ability to competently communicate about controversial science topics) has received little attention from educational researchers. The present paper addresses this issue by examining student communication of evolution (their choices when creating a public website) at the end of an instructional unit. Our exploratory analysis indicated students’ efforts to communicate evolution are characterized by varied levels of openness to dialogue (dialogic expansion and contraction). Further, our findings suggest a parallel between dialogically imbalanced communicative approaches (i.e., excessive use of dialogic contraction or expansion) and reduced levels of conceptual and NOS competence. Implications for science education are discussed; including the need for explicitly guiding students in critically analyzing varied forms of science communication.
Interconnect and noise immunity design for the Pentium/spl reg/ 4 processor

This paper describes the key challenges, design methods, CAD and learnings in the area of interconnect and noise immunity design for the Intel Pentium/spl reg/ 4 processor. This high frequency (currently at 3 GHz with 6 GHz execution core) design required aggressive domino, pulsed and other novel high speed circuit families that are very noise sensitive. Controlling interconnect delay, capacitive and inductive coupling is of paramount importance at such high frequencies and edge rates, made more difficult by die cost pressures of a high volume chip. We first describe our wire/repeater design methods and silicon results. We then describe a proprietary noise simulator (NoisePad) and our noise robust cell library, both of which were critical to noise robustness. Finally, our test chip results and use of a distributed power grid to manage inductance is described.