cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development Countermeasures for Shanghai Engineering Technical Research Centre

Based on the analysis of present situation and the problem of Shanghai city engineering technical research centre development, this paper puts forward that the engineering technical research centre construction of Shanghai should attach more importance to technical service and the trade technology RD than to engineering and commercialization. Through the effective establishment of cooperation mechanism and emphatic support to superiority domain centre, we can promote the scale and combination development of engineering technical research centre. Finally the paper puts forward the corresponding policy measures.
A comparison of Dorset and Finnish Landrace crossbred ewes.

Data from 644 exposures and 552 lambings were used to analyze reproductive traits of 1/2-Finnish Landrace, 1/2-Dorset ewes (1/2 Finn); 1/4-Finnish Landrace, 3/4-Dorset ewes, (1/4 Finn) and Dorset ewes. Ewes were exposed to Hampshire or Suffolk rams for spring lambing from 1973 to 1978. The analytical model included fixed effects of ewe birth year (EBY), ewe breed (BR), lambing year within EBY and EBY X BR interaction and random effects of ewe within EBY and BR. Conception rate differed (P less than .01) for 1/2-Finn (.94), 1/4-Finn (.88) and Dorset (.80) ewes. Litter size was highest (P less than .01) for 1/2-Finns (1.97), followed by 1/4-Finns (1.74) and Dorsets (1.44). The 1/2-Finn ewes ranked first for number and weight of lambs weaned, and for number and weight marketed as feeder lambs. Birth weights were heavier (P less than .001) for lambs with Dorset dams (3.88 kg) than for lambs with 1/4-Finn (3.24 kg) or 1/2-Finn (3.08 kg) dams. Preweaning average daily gains and adjusted 90-d weights were also larger (P less than .001) for lambs with Dorset dams (.26 kg/d and 28.3 kg, respectively) than for lambs with 1/4-Finn (.24 kg/d and 25.4 kg) or 1/2-Finn (.24 kg/d and 25.1 kg) dams. However, Dorset ewes lambed an average of 10.5 d later than Finn-cross ewes, and actual weaning weights (unadjusted for age) did not differ significantly among lambs from Dorset (27.2 kg), 1/4-Finn (26.9 kg) and 1/2-Finn ewes (26.7 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ganglioside reduction of ischemic injury.

Systemically administered gangliosides have been shown to be pharmacologically effective in reducing injury and facilitating recovery after CNS damage in various animal paradigms. Very recent work has indicated that ganglioside therapy following CNS ischemia in animals and in humans causes reductions in the extent of injury (acute phase) and enhanced neurological recovery (long-term effects). These studies are reviewed, and the possible mechanisms (i.e., the protection of plasma membrane integrity/function and the modulation of trophic factors) by which gangliosides protect against and reduce brain injury are discussed.
Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection

To sustain the seas, advocates of marine protected areas and those in fisheries management must work together, not at cross purposes, urges Ray Hilborn.
Now you’re playing with audience power: the work of watching games

ABSTRACTAs electronic sports (e-sports)—the configuration of competitive videogaming as spectator sport—surges in popularity, industry organizations such as Major League Gaming (MLG) continue to experiment with techniques for capturing, and capitalizing on, the work of watching play. This article critically considers these techniques of “audiencing” by comparing observations of two MLG tournaments, in 2008 and 2012, situating them within broader cultural, technological, and economic transformations in the competitive gaming landscape. Even as games continue to be lauded as “participatory” media, this account shows a shift within some e-sports contexts towards rebuilding, rather than blurring, the boundaries between content producers and audiences.
A systems approach to vaccine decision making.

Vaccines reside in a complex multiscale system that includes biological, clinical, behavioral, social, operational, environmental, and economical relationships. Not accounting for these systems when making decisions about vaccines can result in changes that have little effect rather than solutions, lead to unsustainable solutions, miss indirect (e.g., secondary, tertiary, and beyond) effects, cause unintended consequences, and lead to wasted time, effort, and resources. Mathematical and computational modeling can help better understand and address complex systems by representing all or most of the components, relationships, and processes. Such models can serve as “virtual laboratories” to examine how a system operates and test the effects of different changes within the system. Here are ten lessons learned from using computational models to bring more of a systems approach to vaccine decision making: (i) traditional single measure approaches may overlook opportunities; (ii) there is complex interplay among many vaccine, population, and disease characteristics; (iii) accounting for perspective can identify synergies; (iv) the distribution system should not be overlooked; (v) target population choice can have secondary and tertiary effects; (vi) potentially overlooked characteristics can be important; (vii) characteristics of one vaccine can affect other vaccines; (viii) the broader impact of vaccines is complex; (ix) vaccine administration extends beyond the provider level; and (x) the value of vaccines is dynamic.
Neutrino Stability — Inverse Square Test

The question of neutrino stability has numereous implications in physics and astrophysics. The possibility of neutrino decay has been considered by many people, for example Bahcall, Cabbibo and Yahil [1] (1972), Pakvasa and Tennakone [2] (1972), and Reines, Sobel and Gurr [3] (1974) to explain the low counting rate in the Brookhaven Solar Neutrino experiment. The idea of neutrino oscillations was considered by Pontecorvo [4] (1967) and Pontecorvo and Gribov [5] (1969) as a possible method to look for lepton number non-conservation (1967) and to explain the absence of solar neutrinos (1969). The question of neutrino stability is intimately connected with the idea of massive neutrinos. If neutrinos have a mass of a few electron volts then this may account for the missing mass which astrophysical theory requires for a closed universe.
Evaluation-driven research in data science: Leveraging cross-field methodologies

While prior evaluation methodologies for data-science research have focused on efficient and effective teamwork on independent data science problems within given fields [1], this paper argues that an enriched notion of evaluation-driven research (EDR) supports methodologies and effective solutions to data-science problems across multiple fields. We adopt the view that progress in data-science research is enriched through the examination of a range of problems in many different areas (traffic, healthcare, finance, sports, etc.) and through the development of methodologies and evaluation paradigms that span diverse disciplines, domains, problems, and tasks. A number of questions arise when one considers the multiplicity of data science fields and the potential for cross-disciplinary “sharing” of methodologies, for example: the feasibility of generalizing problems, tasks, and metrics across domains; ground-truth considerations for different types of problems; issues related to data uncertainty in different fields; and the feasibility of enabling cross-field cooperation to encourage diversity of solutions. We posit that addressing the problems inherent in such questions provides a foundation for EDR across diverse fields. We ground our conclusions and insights in a brief preliminary study developed within the Information Access Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology as a part of a new Data Science Research Program (DSRP). The DSRP focuses on this cross-disciplinary notion of EDR and includes a new Data Science Evaluation series to facilitate research collaboration, to leverage shared technology and infrastructure, and to further build and strengthen the data-science community.
Glutamine and glutamate levels in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a 4.0-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the anterior cingulate cortex.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, at 4.0 T, to explore the glutamine and glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BPD; medicated and unmedicated) and healthy comparison subjects (HCSs). We hypothesized that unmedicated children with BPD would have reduced glutamine and glutamate levels compared with HCSs and medicated children with BPD. Method: Spectra were acquired from the anterior cingulate cortex in 22 children and adolescents with DSM-IV-TR BPD, type 1 (13 female: age 12.6 ± 4.4 years: 7 of the subjects with BPD were unmedicated at the time of the scan) and 10 HCSs (7 female: age 12.3 ± 2.5 years). Results: Unmedicated subjects with BPD had significantly lower glutamine levels than HCSs or medicated subjects with BPD. There were no differences in glutamate levels between the three groups. Conclusions: These results are consistent with there being an abnormality in anterior cingulate cortex glia in untreated children and adolescents with BPD. The results of this pilot study may be important in helping us better understand the pathophysiology of child and adolescent BPD. In addition, this observation may help to develop better and more targeted treatments, in particular those affecting the metabolism of glutamine, perhaps by regulation of glutamine synthetase activity.
Very strong Rydberg atom scattering in K(12p)–CH3NO2 collisions: Role of transient ion pair formation

Collisions between K(12p) Rydberg atoms and CH3NO2 target molecules are studied. Whereas CH3NO2 can form long-lived valence-bound CH3NO2− ions, the data provide no evidence for production of long-lived K+⋯CH3NO2− ion pair states. Rather, the data show that collisions result in unusually strong Rydberg atom scattering. This behavior is attributed to ion-ion scattering resulting from formation of transient ion pair states through transitions between the covalent K(12p) + CH3NO2 and ionic K+ + (dipole bound) CH3NO2− terms in the quasimolecule formed during collisions. The ion-pair states are destroyed through rapid dissociation of the CH3NO2− ions induced by the field of the K+ core ion, the detached electron remaining bound to the K+ ion in a Rydberg state. Analysis of the experimental data shows that ion pair lifetimes ≳10 ps are sufficient to account for the present observations. The present results are consistent with recent theoretical predictions that Rydberg collisions with CH3NO2 will result in stron...
Association of androgen deprivation therapy and depression in the treatment of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may be associated with depression. Existing studies have shown conflicting results. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO were queried on April 5, 2017. Eligible studies were in English and reported depression among individuals with prostate cancer exposed to a course of ADT vs. a lesser-exposed group (e.g., any-ADT vs. no ADT and continuous ADT vs. intermittent ADT). We used the MOOSE statement guidelines and the Cochrane Review Group’s data extraction template. Study quality was evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate summary statistic risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I 2 statistic and prespecified subgroup analysis. Small study effects were evaluated using Begg and Egger statistics. Results A total of 1,128 studies were initially identified and evaluated. A meta-analysis of 18 studies among 168,756 individuals found that ADT use conferred a 41% increased risk of depression (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18–1.70; P P = 0.005) and those using a clinical diagnosis of depression (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08–1.32; P = 0.001). We did not find an association for continuous ADT with depression risk compared to intermittent ADT (RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.50–1.99; P = 0.992). There was no statistically significant evidence of small study effects. Statistically significant heterogeneity in the full analysis ( I 2 = 80%; 95% CI: 69–87; P I 2 = 16%; 95% CI: 0–60; P = 0.310). Conclusion The currently available evidence suggests that ADT in the treatment of prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of depression.
UV-B–induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth’s largest extinction

Although Siberian Trap volcanism is considered a primary driver of the largest extinction in Earth history, the end-Permian crisis, the relationship between these events remains unclear. However, malformations in fossilized gymnosperm pollen from the extinction interval suggest biological stress coinciding with pulsed forest decline. These grains are hypothesized to have been caused by enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation from volcanism-induced ozone shield deterioration. We tested this proposed mechanism by observing the effects of inferred end-Permian UV-B regimes on pollen development and reproductive success in living conifers. We find that pollen malformation frequencies increase fivefold under high UV-B intensities. Surprisingly, all trees survived but were sterilized under enhanced UV-B. These results support the hypothesis that heightened UV-B stress could have contributed not only to pollen malformation production but also to deforestation during Permian-Triassic crisis intervals. By reducing the fertility of several widespread gymnosperm lineages, pulsed ozone shield weakening could have induced repeated terrestrial biosphere destabilization and food web collapse without exerting a direct “kill” mechanism on land plants or animals. These findings challenge the paradigm that mass extinctions require kill mechanisms and suggest that modern conifer forests may be considerably more vulnerable to anthropogenic ozone layer depletion than expected.
Translanguaging: Developing scientific inquiry in a dual language classroom

Achievement in the content area of science in the United States shows significant gaps in comparison to other developed countries (Hutchison, 2006; Lee et al., 2008). The United States ranks 21st i...
Hoarding Behavior and Hoarding Disorder

Hoarding behaviors may be a feature of a number of medical (e.g., dementia), genetic (e.g., Prader-Willi Syndrome) and psychological conditions (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder), including the psychological condition now referred to as hoarding disorder. Hoarding disorder, or what researchers in the recent past termed compulsive hoarding, is a complex phenomenon that involves a number of intricate cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components. Clinicians likely encounter hoarding behaviors as a feature of hording disorder, other psychological conditions, and medical and genetic conditions. For this reason, it is essential that clinicians understand hoarding behaviors within these conditions in order to develop effective plans to manage hoarding behavior.
Disorders of Depression

This chapter focuses on the disorders of depression from the cultural perspective. The cultural aspects of depression have created keen interest among cultural psychiatrists since the 1960s. With an increase in clinical knowledge, psychiatrists now take the view that depression, particularly of a severe or endogenous type, is closely related to biological factors. However, as pointed out by Marsella, Sartorius, Jablensky, and Fenton in 1985, even if some types of depression are shown to have primary biological causes, cultural factors could still exert pathoplastic effects such as modifying the behavioral expression of the biological factors, and pathoreactive effects such as interpreting abnormal experiences and responding to the social reactions to that behavior. Even though the manifestation of depression is rather straightforward and uncomplicated, there are difficulties in cross-cultural studies of depression, simply from the standpoint of the basic issues of diagnostic concepts and categorization. As the reaction to loss or frustration is not always evidenced as a depressive mood disorder, but could be manifested as a somatoform disorder, substance abuse, drinking problems, or violent or suicidal behavior, an investigation from cross-cultural perspectives is often complicated.
Effective Program Debloating via Reinforcement Learning

Prevalent software engineering practices such as code reuse and the "one-size-fits-all" methodology have contributed to significant and widespread increases in the size and complexity of software. The resulting software bloat has led to decreased performance and increased security vulnerabilities. We propose a system called Chisel to enable programmers to effectively customize and debloat programs. Chisel takes as input a program to be debloated and a high-level specification of its desired functionality. The output is a reduced version of the program that is correct with respect to the specification. Chisel significantly improves upon existing program reduction systems by using a novel reinforcement learning-based approach to accelerate the search for the reduced program and scale to large programs. Our evaluation on a suite of 10 widely used UNIX utility programs each comprising 13-90 KLOC of C source code demonstrates that Chisel is able to successfully remove all unwanted functionalities and reduce attack surfaces. Compared to two state-of-the-art program reducers C-Reduce and Perses, which time out on 6 programs and 2 programs espectively in 12 hours, Chisel runs up to 7.1x and 3.7x faster and finishes on all programs.
Parents Speak: A Needs Assessment for Community Programming for Black Male Youth

Introduction Although adolescence can be a difficult developmental period for all children, negative environmental forces make this period particularly risky for many inner-city black males. As part of the Center for Healthy African American Men through Partnerships, this project is utilizing community-based participatory concepts to design and implement programs to address risk-taking behaviors among middle school black males. Methods In 2014, parents of black males between the ages of 11 and 14years were recruited from an urban middle school to participate in focus group discussions. Letters were provided to the school to be mailed to parents inviting them to participate in discussion groups. Four focus groups were conducted. Data analyses were conducted fall 2014. Results Twenty-one parents participated. The major issue affecting the well-being and future success of young black males reported by parents was the lack of social support. Other areas of concern included negative peer pressure, bullying, violence, and lack of opportunities. Across groups, parents identified the lack of male parental presence in households and the subsequent perceived need by the young males to assume leadership roles, anger among the young males, and the lack of licensed counselors to address mental health issues as barriers to success and well-being. Parents emphasized the needs of the individual, family, and community for social support, positive role models, self-esteem, and respect. Conclusions The present data can inform prevention programs designed to reduce disparities, such as educational underachievement, exposure to violence, and premature mortality experienced by black males. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled African American Men's Health: Research, Practice, and Policy Implications, which is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Self-Aggregation of Deep Convection and its Implications for Climate

This paper reviews the self-aggregation of deep convection, its impact on the large-scale environment, its dependence on surface temperature, and its implications for climate. Self-aggregation generates significant humidity variability, dries the mean state, reduces high cloud cover, and increases the ability of the atmosphere to cool to space. Some studies find that convection is more self-aggregated at warmer temperatures but other studies, or other ways of measuring the degree of self-aggregation, disagree. There is not a simple, monotonic relationship between self-aggregation and surface temperature. Self-aggregation, through its effect on the humidity distribution and radiative budget, can affect climate. However, there is uncertainty over how strong the modulation of climate by self-aggregation is, in part because of the ambiguity over its temperature dependence. There are some indications that self-aggregation may modestly reduce climate sensitivity even without a dramatic temperature dependence, but more research is needed to understand this behavior.
US National Trends in Opioid-Related Hospitalizations Among Patients With Cancer

This study evaluates the patient demographics and clinical characteristics of 14 095 opioid-related hospitalizations from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Pannexins in Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients and is associated with serious consequences with limited pharmacological treatment options. Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel is a ubiquitously expressed nonselective membrane transport channel that efficiently effluxes ATP and plays a central role in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Animal models that target Panx1 through pharmacological inhibition or genetic deficiency have better outcomes in minimizing inflammation and associated pathology. Given the involvement of Panx1 at multiple steps of ­inflammatory pathology, Panx1 could be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of AKI. Further research is needed in elaborating the mechanisms and identifying Panx1-specific inhibitor molecules to better understand the role of Panx1 in AKI pathology arising due to diverse insults.
European Wage Dynamics and Spillovers

Wage rises have remained stubbornly low in advanced Europe in recent years, but, at the same time, newer EU members are experiencing rapid wage acceleration. This paper investigates the drivers of this wage divergence. Econometric analysis using error correction models suggests that wage growth responds more quickly to changes in unemployment in the newer EU members than in advanced Europe, where wages are more closely related to inflation and inflation expectations in the short run, implying greater inertia in nominal wage rises in advanced Europe. In the years after the global crisis, this inertia contributed to the build up of a real wage overhang relative to sharply slowing labor productivity, which subsequently dragged on nominal wage rises even as unemployment began to decline. Spillovers of subdued wage growth between euro area countries also weighed on wage rises in advanced Europe.
Vorticity dynamics in a spatially developing liquid jet inside a co-flowing gas

A three-dimensional transient round liquid jet within a low-speed coaxial outer gas flow is numerically simulated and analysed via vortex dynamics ( analysis). Two types of surface deformations are distinguished, which are separated by a large indentation on the jet stem. First, there are those inside the recirculation zone behind the leading cap – directly affecting the cap dynamics and well explained by the local vortices. Second, deformations upstream of the cap are mainly driven by the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability, unaffected by the vortices in the behind-the-cap region (BCR), and are important in the eventual atomization process. Different atomization mechanisms are identified and are delineated on a gas Weber number ( ) versus liquid Reynolds number ( ) map based on the relative gas–liquid velocity. In a frame moving with the liquid velocity, this result is consistent with prior temporal studies. A simpler and clearer portrait of similarity of the atomization domains is shown by using the relative gas–liquid axial velocity, i.e. and , and avoiding the widely used velocity ratio as a third key parameter. A detailed comparison of vorticity along the axis in an Eulerian frame versus a frame fixed to a surface wave reveals that the vortex development and surface deformations are periodic in the upstream region, but this periodicity is lost closer to the BCR. In the practical range of the density ratio and for early times in the process, axial vorticity is mainly generated by baroclinicity while streamwise vortex stretching becomes more important at later times and only at lower relative velocities when pressure gradients are reduced. The inertia, vortex, pressure, viscous and surface tension forces are analysed to delineate the dominant causes of the three-dimensional instability of the axisymmetric KH structure due to surface acceleration in the axial, radial and azimuthal directions. The inertia force related to the axial gradient of kinetic energy is the main cause of the axial acceleration of the waves, while the azimuthal acceleration is mainly caused by the pressure and viscous forces. The viscous forces are negligible in the radial direction and away from the nozzle exit in the axial direction. It is interesting to note that azimuthal viscous forces are important even at high , indicating that inertia is not totally dominant in this instability occurring early in the atomization cascade.
Distributed Direction-Optimizing Label Propagation for Community Detection

Designing a scalable algorithm for community detection is challenging due to the simultaneous need for both high performance and quality of solution. We propose a new distributed algorithm for community detection based on a novel Label Propagation algorithm. The algorithm is inspired by the direction optimization technique in graph traversal algorithms, relies on the use of frontiers, and alternates between abstractions called label push and label pull. This organization creates flexibility and affords us with opportunities for balancing performance and quality of solution. We implement our algorithm in distributed memory with the active-message based asynchronous many-task runtime AM++. We experiment with two seeding strategies for the initial seeding stage, namely, random seeding and degree seeding. With the Graph Challenge dataset, our distributed implementation, in conjunction with the runtime support, detects the communities in graphs having 20 million vertices in less than one second while achieving reasonably high quality of solution.
2. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Techniques and Outcomes

The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure in the USA today. Its durable effect on weight loss together with its profound effect on metabolic disease, such as type 2 diabetes, makes the RYGB a popular selection among both providers and patients. In this chapter, we highlight a brief history of the evolution of the RYGB and discuss the preoperative evaluation, operative techniques, postoperative management, and well-documented outcomes.
The Development of UHF Sensor for GIS Partial Discharge Measurement

Ultra High Frequency (UHF) method is a common detection method for gas insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment. UHF sensor is a key part for the detection. The performance of UHF sensor concerns the quality of the measurement in field. A disc-shaped UHF sensor is developed in this paper. The influencing factors is analyzed and the optimization structure of the disk shaped sensor is proposed based on the simulation. The simulation results show that the optimization structure has the low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and wide band characteristics. It has good performance for GIS partial discharge detection as inner UHF sensor.
Recent Advances in Computer-Assisted Algorithms for Cell Subtype Identification of Cytometry Data

The progress in the field of high-dimensional cytometry has greatly increased the number of markers that can be simultaneously analyzed producing datasets with large numbers of parameters. Traditional biaxial manual gating might not be optimal for such datasets. To overcome this, a large number of automated tools have been developed to aid with cellular clustering of multi-dimensional datasets. Here were review two large categories of such tools; unsupervised and supervised clustering tools. After a thorough review of the popularity and use of each of the available unsupervised clustering tools, we focus on the top six tools to discuss their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we employ a publicly available dataset to directly compare the usability, speed, and relative effectiveness of the available unsupervised and supervised tools. Finally, we discuss the current challenges for existing methods and future direction for the new generation of cell type identification approaches.
Older Adult Health-Related Support Networks: Implications for the Design of Digital Communication Tools.

Background and objectives Digital communication tools facilitate the provision of health-related social support to older adults. However, little is known about what design features make such tools most useful and feasible. The purpose of this study was to describe health-related social support networks of older adults and outline recommendations for the design of tools that facilitate the giving and receiving of support. Research design and methods We collected data through validated instruments and semistructured qualitative interviews with 88 older adults. We calculated descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and analyzed qualitative data using directed content analysis. Results Health-related support networks described by our sample of generally healthy older adults varied in size from 0 to 10 members. Some networks did not include any family members, and others did not include any friends. Seventy-four percent of network members lived in the same state as the older adult participant, but only 15% of them lived with the participant. Emotional support was the main type of health-related support provided, followed by instrumental, informational, and appraisal support. Discussion and implications Health-related support networks of older adults are varied and complex. Our results suggest that digital communication tools to promote and leverage support from network members should facilitate the involvement of friends and family regardless of their physical location, allow for the transparent allocation of concrete tasks to prevent overburdening any one network member, and facilitate sharing of personal health information with family and friends while ensuring privacy and autonomy.
Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-mechanism in Adult Population Study Randomized Clinical Trial: Clinical Outcome Results

SIGNIFICANCE These data confirm the effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for improving the near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence in young adults with symptomatic convergence insufficiency within a double-masked longitudinal randomized clinical trial. PURPOSE This study aimed to report changes in clinical signs and symptoms of convergence insufficiency from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for young adults with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS In this double-masked, randomized clinical trial, convergence insufficiency patients (n = 50; average age, 21 ± 3 years; range, 18 to 32 years) were randomized to either office-based vergence/accommodative therapy or office-based placebo therapy. Improvements in (1) near point of convergence, (2) positive fusional vergence, and (3) self-reported symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS] score) were evaluated after twelve 1-hour sessions of treatment within the office comparing the results from the vergence/accommodative therapy and the placebo therapy groups. RESULTS The mean near point of convergence improved by 6.0 and 3.1 cm in the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups, respectively (mean difference of -2.9 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.6 to -1.0 cm; P < .01). The mean positive fusional vergence increased by 17.3 and 7.4Δ in the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups, respectively (mean difference of 9.9Δ; 95% CI, 4.9 to 16.0Δ; P < .001). The mean CISS score improved by 12.4 and 10.1 points in the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups, respectively (mean difference of 2.3 points; 95% CI, -8.3 to +4.6 points; P = .56). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that office-based vergence/accommodative therapy is effective for improving the near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence in young adults with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. However, given that both treatment groups had a similar reduction in self-reported symptoms, we recommend that the CISS be revised if it is to be used as an outcome measure in future studies of convergence insufficiency.
Investigating the Impact of Strategic New Product Development Process Changes on Innovation Reputation

A key question facing firms today is should they integrate customers into their innovation processes and co-create new products. This research examines how strategic change (e.g. closed to open innovation) impacts the attitudes of the periphery of customers and how a firm’s current innovation reputation impacts strategic change. The results show that firms will benefit by moving from closed to open innovation. This relationship is contingent on a firm’s current innovation reputation. When a firm has a high reputation for building innovative products, it should continue with its current strategy for innovation (i.e. regardless of open or closed). Conversely, having a low innovation reputation suggests that any change of strategy is good in order to overcome previous negative perceptions of the firm’s reputation.
A strong nonequilibrium bound for sorting of cross-linkers on growing biopolymers

Understanding the role of nonequilibrium driving in self-organization is crucial for developing a predictive description of biological systems, yet it is impeded by their complexity. The actin cytoskeleton serves as a paradigm for how equilibrium and nonequilibrium forces combine to give rise to self-organization. Motivated by recent experiments that show that actin filament growth rates can tune the morphology of a growing actin bundle cross-linked by two competing types of actin-binding proteins [S. L. Freedman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 16192-16197 (2019)], we construct a minimal model for such a system and show that the dynamics of a growing actin bundle are subject to a set of thermodynamic constraints that relate its nonequilibrium driving, morphology, and molecular fluxes. The thermodynamic constraints reveal the importance of correlations between these molecular fluxes and offer a route to estimating microscopic driving forces from microscopy experiments.
Understanding consumer switching intention of peer-to-peer accommodation: A push-pull-mooring framework

Abstract Peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodations research has favored positive aspects, overlooking consumer loss. We used the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model of migration theory to understand why consumers abandon P2P accommodations and return to traditional accommodations, namely, hotels. We examined online survey data from Chinese consumers to determine the usefulness of the PPM model and found that push factors (perceived risks consisting of performance/time-loss/environmental/safety/privacy risks) and pull factors (perceived standardization consisting of standard service, perceived control, and reliability) significantly influenced switching intention. Additionally, gender moderated the relationships between push and pull factors and switching intention. These findings could help practitioners in P2P accommodations or hotels devise strategies to retain and attract customers.
Exploiting symmetry in computing polyhedral bounds on network coding rate regions

We propose an algorithm for computing polyhedral bounds on the rate regions of multi-source multi-sink network coding instances given the knowledge of symmetries of the instance as captured by the network symmetry group. We show how the network symmetry group can be interpreted as a group of symmetries of a polyhedron, which in turn enables the use techniques for exploiting symmetry in polyhedral computation to reduce the complexity of calculating the rate region. We apply these techniques to the polyhedral projection algorithm chm to list only those facets and extreme points of a polyhedral bound on rate region that are inequivalent under the action of the network symmetry group. Additionally, a generalization of this algorithm that can exploit richer super-groups of polyhedral symmetries, the restricted affine symmetry groups, is discussed.
Mechanism of Inhibition of Vaccinia Virus Replication in Adenovirus-Infected HeLa Cells

The ability of vaccinia virus to replicate in HeLa cells which had been previously infected with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) was studied in order to gain insight into the mechanism by which adenovirus inhibits the expression of host cell functions. Vaccinia virus was employed in these studies because it replicates in the cytoplasm, whereas Ad2 replicates in the nucleus of the cell. It was found that vaccinia deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis is greatly inhibited in adeno-preinfected HeLa cells provided that vaccinia superinfection does not occur before 18 hr after adeno infection. The inhibition of vaccinia DNA synthesis can be traced to an inhibition of vaccinia protein synthesis and viral uncoating. Vaccinia ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis is not inhibited in adeno-preinfected cells, but the vaccinia RNA does not become associated with polysomes.
A Class of Polynomially Solvable Range Constraints for Interval Analysis without Widenings and Narrowings

In this paper, we study the problem of solving integer range constraints that arise in many static program analysis problems. In particular, we present the first polynomial time algorithm for a general class of integer range constraints. In contrast with abstract interpretation techniques based on widenings and narrowings, our algorithm computes, in polynomial time, the optimal solution of the arising fixpoint equations. Our result implies that “precise” range analysis can be performed in polynomial time without widening and narrowing operations.
Active fault-tolerant control of sampled-data nonlinear distributed parameter systems

SUMMARY This work presents an integrated fault detection and fault-tolerant control architecture for spatially distributed systems described by highly dissipative systems of nonlinear partial differential equations with actuator faults and sampled measurements. The architecture consists of a family of nonlinear feedback controllers, observer-based fault detection filters that account for the discrete measurement sampling, and a switching law that reconfigures the control actuators following fault detection. An approximate finite-dimensional model that captures the dominant dynamics of the infinite-dimensional system is embedded in the control system to provide the controller and fault detection filter with estimates of the measured output between sampling instances. The model state is then updated using the actual measurements whenever they become available from the sensors. By analyzing the behavior of the estimation error between sampling times and exploiting the stability properties of the compensated model, a sufficient condition for the stability of the sampled-data nonlinear closed-loop system is derived in terms of the sampling rate, the model accuracy, the controller design parameters, and the spatial placement of the control actuators. This characterization is used as the basis for deriving appropriate rules for fault detection and actuator reconfiguration. Singular perturbation techniques are used to analyze the implementation of the developed architecture on the infinite-dimensional system. The results are demonstrated through an application to the problem of stabilizing the zero solution of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Liquid-Metal Reactor Design Options for Reduction of Sodium Void Worth

Systematic analyses of alternative methods for reducing the sodium void worth for plutonium-fueled liquid-metal reactors (LMRs) have been performed. The focus is on core designs of recent interest ...
Staffing for Electronic Resource Management: The Results of a Survey

Abstract The authors offer the results of an informal survey of library staffing trends related to the acquisition and maintenance of electronic resources. They test their hypothesis that the problem of staffing for e-resources has reached a critical level. Serials Review 2002; 28:316–320.
The impact of funding on research collaboration: Evidence from Argentina

In this paper, we evaluate the impact of research grants on the amount of collaboration, among scientific researchers in Argentina. We find a positive and significant impact of funding on collaboration, which is measured in terms of the number of co-authors for publications in peer-reviewed journals. In particular, we find a significant impact of the grants for funded researchers both on the size of their ego network, and on their 2-step indirect links, measured by the number of direct and 1-step indirect co-authors. We also find evidence that this impact was driven by the results of funded researchers at the upper tail of the distribution of collaboration outcomes.
Electronic pacemaker models of parasystole. With special reference to artificial intermittent parasystole with phase 3 and phase 4 protection and to parasystolic modulation.

With special reference to artificial intermittent parasystole with phase 3 and phase 4 protection and to parasystolic modulation. This study deals with a method of analysis of artificial pacemaker function which can he used to understand the electrocardiographic manifestations of some spontaneous rhythms. The modes of operation of 11 normaily-functioning QRS-inhibited (VVI) pacemakers resembled those of spontaneous automatic nonprotected (nonparasystolic) rhythms. The function of 11 continuous asynchronous (fixed rate or VOO) pacemakers was similar to that of continuous-parasystolic rhythms. In 12 patients with malfunctioning QRS-inhibited (VVI) pacemakers, an abnormally-prolonged pacemaker refractory period was equivalent to intermittent parasystole with phase 3 protection; and non-sensing during the terminal portions of the cycle was the iatrogenic counterpart of intermittent parasystole with phase 4 protection. Premature beats occurring within the periods of phase 3 and phase 4 protection were “encompassed” by ectopic intervals equalling the ectopic cycle length, or twice the ectopic cycle length. Therefore, they were manifested differently from the “decelerating” and “accelerating” phases of modulation since premature beats occurring during the letter phases may be encompassed by ectopic intervals which are longer and shorter, respectively, than the ectopic cycle length. Because in previous reports the search for these phenomena was based on premises established “a priori,” future studies should be designed to analyze tracings of “group beating” where no previous conclusions have been reached. (PACE, Vol. 5. July-August, 1982)
Image demosaic via Nevatia-Babu edge detection

A template matching approach is used to demosaic (reconstruct) a full color image from the sparse pixel data captured by a CMOS imager. The proposed method is based on the Nevatia-Babu template-based linear feature extraction algorithm. This approach provides the color accuracy of gradient based algorithms yet reaps the benefit of regularity of processing of bilinear interpolation. In this paper we describe the algorithm (gradient estimation and color interpolation), compare results to other approaches, and present a hardware implementation. The consideration of hardware implementation is especially important as CMOS imagers find their way into low cost devices such as cell phones and other novelty camera applications.
Abstract 306: Development of EC-DG as a molecular theranostic personalized medicine

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Purpose: D-glucosamine has been reported to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in culture and in vivo. We have then synthesized Tc-99m- ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (EC-DG). We found Tc-99m-EC-DG was involved in cell proliferation in lung, breast and head and neck cultures and could assess breast cancer treatment outcome in vivo by planar scintigraphy. Tc-99m-EC-DG is a safe imaging agent in lung cancer patients. This study was amied to (1) assess a novel response to unlabeled rhenium-EC-DG (Re-EC-DG) involving the translation regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression in lymphoma cells, and, (2) evaluate feasibility of using EC-DG for theranostic approaches in cancers. Methods: For theranostic assessment studies, we synthesized cold Re-EC-DG. Re-EC-DG was synthesized via a two-step synthesis. The first step was to synthesize Re-EC by reacting rheniumoxo trichloride with EC. The second step was to react Re-EC with D-glucosamine tetraacetate, followed by de-acetylation. Twelve types of DLBCL cells were incubated with Re-EC-DG at various concentrations (0-10 mM) and TUNEL assays were used to determine cell apoptosis. To ascertain the mechanism of the anticancer properties for Re-EC-DG, DLBCL-LY10 cells were treated with Re-EC-DG (0-5 mM) for 48 hrs. Immunoblotting were then performed on nuclear extracts with 50 µg. For radiotheranostic assessment studies, 13762 breast tumor-bearing rats were imaged with In-111-EC-DG and tumor/muscle ratios were determined at 0.5-24 hrs. Radiation absorbed dose was estimated for the use of Y-90-EC-DG. Results: There was a dose response relationship of Re-EC-DG inhibition in DLBCL cells. Extensive apoptosis was observed at 24 hrs in lymphoma cell cultures. Re-EC-DG showed significant tumorcidal activity compared to normal B-lymphocyte activity at doses >0.17 µmol. Re-EC-DG caused a decreased expression of HIF-1alpha under normoxic conditions in DLBCL-LY10 cells. Tumor-to-muscle ratios for In-111-EC-DG were 5.43±0.45 to 7.80±0.05 whereas In-111-EC had 3.24±0.32 to 4.64±0.16 at 0.5-24 hrs. Radiation exposure of In-111-EC-DG to whole body, blood-forming organs, gonads, and effective dose equivalent for a single dose at 5 mCi was below the limits of 3 rad annually and 5 rad total. The absorbed dose in all other organs was below the limits of 5 rad annually and 15 rad total. Conclusion: EC-DG is a useful molecular theranostic compound. In-111-EC-DG has favorable dosimetry, providing a potential use of Y-90-EC-DG to treat cancers. Re-EC-DG inhibits HIF-1alpha expression and is an attractive anti-proliferation compound. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 306. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-306