cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
International Encounters: Higher Education and the International Student Experience

In light of the exponential rise in international student numbers for decades—a rise that has narrowed in the last 2 years—many higher education institutions around the world have been called to consider questions around the value of the internationalization of higher education. A changing view of internationalization’s benefits was identified in a global survey conducted by the International Association of Universities. The results indicated that “enhanced international cooperation and capacity building” has become a more important benefit, and neither “increased international awareness of/deeper engagement with global issues” nor “quality of teaching and learning” were in the top three benefits at the global level (Marinoni et al., 2019). Therefore, it is more important than ever for higher education professionals to rethink current pedagogy around international student instruction. International Encounters is among the newest contributions to ongoing discussions of international students’ learning experiences in higher education.
Objectives of the Present Book

This book collates and brings together the available information on CSA in the Arab region, as well as efforts to address the multiple types of CSAET and respond to the expanding burden of its diverse presentations. The purpose of the book is to show the quality of the work already done and the terrible plight of CSAET on children.
Government Effectiveness and Institutional Trust in Japan, South Korea, and China

Japan, South Korea, and China have all achieved high economic growth rates in a relatively short period of time; they also have shared values. The phenomenon of rapid economic growth in a short period, however, raises questions about government effectiveness in managing sociopolitical issues such as corruption, human rights, and crime. By using the 2003 AsiaBarometer surveys, this article examines citizens' perceptions about government effectiveness on the issues of corruption, human rights, and crime as well as the economy in the three countries. It then looks at the impact of said perceptions on trust in political institutions such as the central government, the legal system, and the legislature. The multilevel estimates suggest that effective management of the economy primarily affects trust in the central government; how the government deals with corruption primarily affects trust in parliament; whereas the management of human rights as well as crime reflects on trust in the legal system.
Secure distribution of events in content-based publish subscribe systems

Content-based publish-subscribe systems are an emerging paradigm for building a range of distributed applications. A specific problem in content-based systems is the secure distribution of events to clients subscribing to those events. In content-based systems, every event can potentially have a different set of interested subscribers. To provide confidentiality guarantee, we would like to encrypt messages so that only interested subscribers can read the message. In the worst case, for n clients, there can be 2n subgroups, and each event can go to a potentially different subgroup. A major problem is managing subgroup keys so that the number of encryptions required per event can be kept low. We first show the difficulties in applying existing group key management techniques to addressing the problem. We then propose and compare a number of approaches to reduce the number of encryptions and to increase message throughput. We present analytical analysis of described algorithms as well as simulation results.
In Pursuit of Dynamic Range: Using Parallel Coupled Actuators to Overcome Hardware Limitations

We report on a new actuator concept which combines two actuators to create a micro-macro actuator. The new actuator has improved force resolution and bandwidth. Unlike previous micro-macro robots which used actuators coupled in series to achieve positioning resolution, the actuators in this system are coupled in parallel using a compliant transmission to achieve force resolution. A parallel coupled micro-macro actuator (PaCMMA) which embodies these ideas is described. A control algorithm is presented. A series of tests were performed and the PaCMMA is compared to two single actuator systems. We have obtained small signal force bandwidth of 60 Hz and force resolution of 0.12%. The PaCMMA concept is shown to increase force range and reduce mechanical impedance while preserving small signal force bandwidth.
Conservative Accounting and Earnings Quality

This paper uses a model that compares two accounting systems to analyze the earnings quality score devised by Penman and Zhang (2002). First, the quality score is interpreted as a factor that links the accounting rates of return of two accounting systems, conservative accounting (CA) and less conservative accounting (LCA). Second, and more closely related to Penman and Zhang's argument, the quality score is viewed as an estimate of the temporary difference between the current accounting rate of return and permanent earnings under a CA system. These interpretations of the quality score provide a framework for reinterpreting Penman and Zhang's conclusion that the quality score forecasts how future accounting rates of return are likely to change. The three definitions of the quality of earnings that are embedded in the analysis also are discussed and the centrality of the concept of predictive ability is commented on.
The $g_2$ Structure Function

Polarized structure functions at low $Q^2$ have the physical interpretation of (generalized) spin polarizabilities. At high $Q^2$, the polarized parton distribution $g_2(x)$ provides access to quark-gluon correlations in the nucleon. We discuss the interpretation of the $x^2$ moment of $\bar{g}_2(x)$ as an average transverse force on quarks in deep-inelastic scattering from a transversely polarized target. Qualitative connections with generalized parton distributions are emphasized. The $x^2$ moment of the chirally-odd twist-3 parton distribution $e(x)$ provides information on the dependence of the average transverse force on the transversity of the quark.
Discovery of a New Electromagnetic Phenomenon in the Atmosphere: An Electrified Vortex and Its Physical Properties as Revealed by Patterned Ground Traces and Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Luminous Effects

An electromagnetic vortex system has been discovered which lays down spiral-centred circular patterns in crops and upon the ground. Much information is now available about the processes that create the vortices which are caused by the breakdown of a columnar eddy vortex downwind of hills. Besides eyewitness reports of the vortices in action there is proof of simultaneous acoustic, luminous and electromagnetic effects. The evidence points to an electrical source of natural radiation in the atmosphere, and also explains reports of previously-unidentified luminous phenomena in the air. The new phenomenon is bigger and longer-lived than ball lightning.
Subglottic Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma

Objectives:To discuss the presentation and management of a rare neoplasm in a previously unreported laryngeal subsite.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:An 89-year-old woman presented with a subglottic mass, biopsy of which was consistent with basal cell adenocarcinoma. She was successfully treated with surgical intervention and remains disease free 29 months postoperatively.Conclusions:Basal cell adenocarcinoma is a rare salivary gland tumor, the laryngeal variant of which is even scarcer. Herein we describe the presentation and successful surgical management of the first reported case of subglottic basal cell adenocarcinoma. We additionally provide a histologic review followed by approaches to treatment.
COMMON APPROACH TO GEOPROCESSING OF UAV DATA ACROSS APPLICATION DOMAINS

Abstract. UAVs are a disruptive technology bringing new geographic data and information to many application domains. UASs are similar to other geographic imagery systems so existing frameworks are applicable. But the diversity of UAVs as platforms along with the diversity of available sensors are presenting challenges in the processing and creation of geospatial products. Efficient processing and dissemination of the data is achieved using software and systems that implement open standards. The challenges identified point to the need for use of existing standards and extending standards. Results from the use of the OGC Sensor Web Enablement set of standards are presented. Next steps in the progress of UAVs and UASs may follow the path of open data, open source and open standards.
Variational Methods of Approximation

In this chapter, we describe several of the more popular variational methods for the approximate solution of boundary-and initial-value problems. For ease in presentation, we confine our attention to linear problems, and most of what we present has to do with elliptic boundary-value problems. In particular, we discuss interpolation properties of finite element methods, existence and uniqueness of solutions to the approximate problem, and convergence and error estimates of finite element methods for linear elliptic problems. More detailed accounts of linear elliptic problems can be found in [47, 109, 135].
Parent Perceptions of the Talents of Young Gifted Boys and Girls

This study examined parents' perceptions of their young gifted children's (3- and 4- year-olds) characteristics to determine if there were any differences in parental perceptions of child abilities based on the gender of their child. Information for the study was collected by analyzing questionnaires completed by parents at the time they sought admission for their children to a private school for the gifted. Although there were no differences in the intelligence quotients of boys and girls, there were significant differences in the perceptions of parents of boys and girls with regard to their: (a) use of leisure time, (b) early indications of intellectual ability, and (c) favorite books.
Telomere Shortening Is Proportional to the Size of the G-rich Telomeric 3′-Overhang

Most normal diploid human cells do not express telomerase activity and are unable to maintain telomere length with ongoing cell divisions. We show that the length of the single-stranded G-rich telomeric 3′-overhang is proportional to the rate of shortening in four human cell types that exhibit different rates of telomere shortening in culture. These results provide direct evidence that the size of the G-rich overhang is not fixed but subject to regulation. The potential ability to manipulate this rate has profound implications both for slowing the rate of replicative aging in normal cells and for accelerating the rate of telomere loss in cancer cells in combination with anti-telomerase therapies.
On measuring the adequacy of diabetes regulation: comparison of continuously monitored blood glucose patterns with values at selected time points.

Individual blood glucose (BG) measurements at selected time points were compared with continuously recorded BG data as criteria of the adequacy of diabetes regulation. Indices reflecting the adequacy of diabetes regulation have previously been developed from continuously monitored BG measurements during studies under standardized near-normal living conditions. These indices are: (1) mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), (2) diurnal mean blood glucose (MBG), (3) mean of daily differences of paired BG values (MODD). Because of the intensive studies necessary to obtain these indices, approximations based on individual BG measurements which might easily be obtained in practice were sought. The BG value 80 min after breakfast correlated best with the MAGE. The average of the fasting BG value and the value at 80 min after breakfast correlated well with the MBG. These individual BG measurements distinguished the groups of subjects. The difference between fasting BG values on successive days (AFBG) correlated well with the MODD. However, unlike MODD itself, AFBG did not distinguish the groups of subjects. Some other selected BG values with different timing were nearly equally highly correlated with these three criteria of BG behavior. Thus, relatively few but critically timed BG measurements on successive days, with suitable urinary glucose measurements, during standardized therapeutic programs may serve as an index of the efficacy of the therapy. By these same means, the characteristics of the patient's diabetes might also be assessed.
Management of bacterial endocarditis-1970.

Abstract Bacterial endocarditis continues to be an important and challenging problem. Diagnosis depends upon consideration of this entity in patients with unexplained fever with or without the presence of heart murmurs and evidence of embolic lesions. Five blood cultures will document the presence of a more or less continuous bacteremia. Treatment depends upon selection of the appropriate antibiotic by disc or tube dilution sensitivity studies, or both. Optimal dosage can be documented by serum bactericidal levels. Duration of treatment on an empirical basis is outlined. Special problems including penicillin allergy, culture-negative endocarditis and endocarditis caused by fungi and gram-negative bacilli are discussed. The role of surgery in acute bacterial endocarditis is reviewed. Endocarditis affecting prosthetic valves is discussed along with current recommendations for prevention and treatment of this increasing problem. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis is discussed.
Encapsulation of Leiophron uniformis by Lygus lineolaris and its relationship to host acceptance behavior

In no-choice tests Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) from the Southwestern United States readily attacked their reported hosts, Lygus hesperus Knight, L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and a previously unreported host, L. desertinus Knight. Only 6.7% of the L. lineolaris attacked were successfully parasitized compared to 84–87% parasitization of the other species. Such low parasitism of L. lineolaris was obtained with both laboratory-reared and field-collected parasitoids. Two factors caused the low rate of parasitism of L. lineolaris. (1) This host successfully encapsulates most of the L. uniformis eggs oviposited in them. This is the first time such an immune response to a parasitoid has been demonstrated in the Heteroptera. (2) Female L. uniformis oviposit less frequently into L. lineolaris than into other hosts. Resume Etude de l'encapsulation de Leiophron uniformis par Lygus lineolaris et de ses relations avec le comportement d'acceptation de l'hote L'aptitude du braconide Leiophron uniformis a parasiter les larves de quatre especes nuisibles importantes de Lygus a ete examinee. Les especes de Lygus signalees comme hotes de L. uniformis: L. hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. elisus, et un hote jamais signale, L. desertinus ont ete exposees separement a des femelles de braconide. Les larves des quatre especes sont fortement attaquees. Seules 6,7% des larves de L. lineolaris attaquees ont ete parasitees avec succes, contre 84 a 87% pour les trois autres especes. Ce faible taux de parasitisme de L. lineolaris etait le resultat aussi bien des attaques de parasitoides recoltes dans la nature qu'eleves au laboratoire. Les larves de L. hesperus et L. lineolaris attaquees par les femelles de L. uniformis ont ete dissequees. Seuls 12,8% des larves de L. lineolaris contenaient des indices de pontes contre 83,7% pour celles de L. hesperus. 66,7% des oeufs trouves dans L. lineolaris etaient encapsules. C'est la premiere fois qu'une telle reponse immunologique a ete observee chez un heteroptere. Le faible nombre d'oeufs pondus par la femelle du braconide montre qu'elle est capable de detecter l'inadequation de L. lineolaris comme hote et d'eviter de gaspiller ses oeufs en utilisant peu les larves attaquees.
Electrical stimulation can inhibit synchronized neuronal activity.

Abstract The effect of electrical stimulation on abnormal neuronal activity was studied in the hippocampus in vitro. Epileptiform electrical activity was induced by adding penicillin or picrotoxin to the perfusing medium. Orthodromic stimulation generated large repetitive field potentials measured extracellularly. Electrical stimulation was then applied to the neurons with a 50 μm electrode located in the somatic layer. Large decreases in the amplitude of the population spikes were generated when stimulation was synchronized with the electrical activity. The inhibitory effect was charge-dependent and could be obtained with applied electrical charges similar to those used to stimulate nerves in the central nervous system. It is suggested that this method could be useful to prevent the synchronization and propagation of epileptic seizures.
Circadian variation of cytosol glucocorticoid receptors in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and mononuclear cells (MN) in a normal population

Glucocorticoid cytosol1 and whole cell receptors from human PMN's have been quantified, and compared to those of human MN leukocytes on the same blood sample. The normal cytosol PMN receptor density (N = 15) averaged 1254 ±105 (SE) molecules bound/cell at 0900 h and increased significantly to 1497 ± 98 at 2100 h (P < 0.02). MN cell cytosol receptor density was 1198 ± 145 at 0900 h and increased significantly to 1551 ± 117 molecules bound/cell at 2100 h (P < 0.01). Corresponding whole cell receptor densities at 0900 h were 2845 ± 273 (PMN) and 3547 ± 290 (MN) and these did not change significantly at 2100 h. Conclusions: (1) Cytosol receptors in normal human PMN and MN cells increased significantly at 2100 h from the 0900 h level while serum cortisol levels were dropping. (2) Whole cell receptors in the same PMN and MN cell samples did not change significantly between 0900 and 2100 h. (3) The normal circadian variation in serum cortisol influences the distribution of the glucocorticoid receptor between the cytosol and the nucleus, but does not influence the amount of receptor available to the whole cell. This is the first time that an endogenous physiological variation of cortisol concentration has been utilized to demonstrate a corresponding change in receptor capacity in vivo.
Excavating Modernity: The Roman Past in Fascist Italy. By Joshua Arthurs. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. Pp. xiii, 216. $45.00.)

That Italian fascism would adopt Rome as a fundamental part of its ideology, though it seems obvious now, was not a given at the start of the movement. As Joshua Arthurs notes, Rome was associated ...
Optimal production schedule in commercial shrimp culture

Abstract Using an extended version of the optimal scheduling model developed by [Yu, R., Leung, P.S., 2005. Optimal harvesting strategies for a multi-cycle and multi-pond shrimp operation: a practical network model. Math. Comput. Simulation. 68, 339-354.], this study attempts to demonstrate the impact on the optimal production schedule and its resulting economic performance of shrimp farming from variability in survival rate, growth rate, price seasonality and labor force constraints. The influence of these factors is described quantitatively within the context of a commercial shrimp farm operating in Hawaii. The managerial objective being expressed is to project a scheduling scenario that maximizes the net revenue from a 40 pond farm during a two year planning horizon, subject to a set of biological and economic conditions. These inherently practical results indicate that these factors can be managed to substantially improve the profitability of such a shrimp farm. It is apparent that continued development and application of this capability can have profound implications to the profitability of many multi-pond, multi-cycle farming operations.
Assessment of tight pixel geometry influence on surface chemistry of Hg1- xCdxTe focal plane array by time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy : Novel analytical methods

Factors such as lateral control of surface chemistry, reproducible etch depths and widths, and elimination of cross-contamination are vital to achieving world-class Hg1-X Cd X Te focal plane infrared detector arrays. Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) has made significant progress toward a greater understanding of these factors. The current investigation applies time of flight–secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) to assess the manner in which Hg1-X Cd X Te surface chemistry is influenced by three different critical physical-chemical factors: (1) process chemistry, including baseline and four alternatives; (2) patterned photoresist format; and (3) etch geometry, including aspect ratio, trench depth, trench width, and unit cell spacing. The first of two patterned photoresist formats consisted of an array having 15-μm unit cells with 5-μm-wide and either 3.5-μm- or 6-μm-deep trenches. The second format consisted of a special diagnostic array of parallel dry-etched stripes having various permutations of trench depths (6 μm and 10 μm), trench widths (3 μm and 5 μm), and trench-to-trench separations (3 μm, 5 μm, and 20 μm). The surface chemistry results relative to etch-depth/width ratios, exposed Hg1−X Cd X Te area (etch widths), and trench separation distances show that these parameters have a measurable influence on cross-contaminant abundance and type and on the relative ranking of the process cleaning efficacies. Novel analytical methods for using TOF-SIMS data to qualitatively assess cleaning efficacy, geometry-dependent surface species distributions, the polar/hydrophilic and nonpolar/hydrophobic nature of the processed surface, and the dependence of cleaning efficacy on surface chemistry are also discussed. These methods are intended for use in a variety of studies.
Encouraging College Student Active Engagement in Learning: The Influence of Response Methods

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of two student response methods within selected college lecture halls. Kinesiology majors from three universities were asked to respond to questions during two consecutive lectures, one using “clickers” and the other using hand-raising. Participation and comprehension rates were statistically significantly different following the use of the different response methods. Participant survey responses revealed insight into student participation, question presentation, perceived cognitive engagement, and overall learning in traditional lecture settings using the response methods.
The Anhalt Morgan Gospels

The Gospel book of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau, recently acquired by Belle da Costa Greene for the Pierpont Morgan Library,1 is not only a superb example of Anglo-French and Anglo-Saxon art, rarely represented in public collections here or abroad, but it is also a telling symbol of the historical moment of closest cultural connection between England, northern France, and Saxony during the so-called Ottoman period. Without exaggeration, it may be stated that merely from the standpoint of collecting, its acquisition for the Pierpont Morgan Library has a particular significance, for there is no other collection where the transition from late-Carolingian to Ottonian art can be realized more clearly in specimens of outstanding artistic and historical importance. The Anhalt Morgan Gospels represent the missing link between the illusionistic Carolingian tradition of the school of Rheims,2 its Lotharingian revivals in Liege and Marchiennes (exemplified by Morgan MSS 640 and 3193), and the Anglo-Saxon, the Anglo-Fr...
Effect of Sodium Deoxycholate on Gastric Emptying in the Rat

Sodium deoxycholate delays considerably the gastric emptying of phenol red in rats. Gastric emptying of phenol red in control animals proceeds by apparent first-order kinetics, but a very different kinetic pattern emerges upon administration of the bile salt. Sodium deoxycholate also produces a large net secretion of fluids into the gastric pouch. It is proposed that the resulting increase in gastric volume is the immediate cause for the decreased rate of gastric emptying.
Influence of pitching motion on subsonic wing rock of slender delta wings

A numerical simulation of the subsonic wing-rock phenomenon for slender delta wings is described. The present numerical model accounts for a second degree of freedom in pitch. According to the present simulation, there are two onset angles of attack: a, and a2, all initial disturbances lead to large-amplitude motions in both roll and pitch. The roll motion in this case differs markedly from the motion for a single degree of freedom. The present results suggest that the motion observed in the wind tunnel for the single-degree-of-freedom case differs significantly from the motion for the two-degree-of-freedom case. The numerical simulation of the wing-rock phenomenon for only one degree of freedom agrees very closely with two sets of experimental observations.
Dynamic Travel Time Prediction with Real-Time and Historic Data

Travel time prediction has been an interesting research area for decades during which various prediction models have been developed. This paper discusses the results and accuracy generated by different prediction models developed in this study. The employed real-time and historic data are provided by the Transportation Operations Coordinating Committee, which collected them using road side terminals (RST) installed on the New York State Thruway. All the tagged vehicles equipped with EZ pass are scanned by RSTs, while dynamic information (e.g., vehicle entry times and associated RST numbers) are recorded. The emphasis of this study is focused on modeling real-time and historic data for travel time prediction. Factors that would affect the prediction results are explored. The Kalman filtering algorithm is applied for travel time prediction because of its significance in continuously updating the state variable as new observations. Results reveal that during peak hours, the historic path-based data used for travel-time prediction are better than link-based data due to smaller travel-time variance and larger sample size.
PET112, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene required to maintain rho+ mitochondrial DNA.

The nuclear gene PET112 was originally identified by a mutation (pet112-1) that specifically blocked accumulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. The mutation causes a post-transcriptional defect since the level of COX2 mRNA in the mutant is the same as in the wildtype. However, PET112 does not have a function similar to that of PET111, a COX2 mRNA-specific translational activator: while pet111 mutations are suppressed by chimeric COX2 mRNAs bearing 5′ leaders of other mitochondrial mRNAs, pet112-1 is not. The PET112 gene was isolated and shown to code a protein of 541 residues (62 kDa) with no significant homology to known amino-acid sequences. By hybridization to defined genomic clones the gene was mapped to chromosome II between cdc25 and ilsl. Disruption of the PET112 open reading frame destabilized the mitochondrial genome, causing cells to become rho-. This finding suggests that PET112 has an important general function in mitochondrial gene expression, probably in translation.
Synthesis and structural characterization of non-planar perfluoro phthalonitriles

Abstract Perfluoropropene reacts with 1,2-dicyano-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene to give the first perfluoroalkyl substituted phthalonitriles. The X-ray structures of the bis- and tris-substituted products reveal planar, undistorted rings and head-to-head and head-to-tail preferred conformations for the isopropyl substituents, respectively. As a result, the CF3 groups impart global non-planar character to the new molecules.
Caregiving Issues: Covering the Spectrum From Detection to End of Life

In the past decade, there has been tremendous growth in the research focusing on family caregiving, particularly among those caring for a relative with Alzheimer disease (AD) or another form of dementia. Studies have primarily been descriptive, documenting ways in which caregivers differ from noncaregivers or ways in which caregivers of patients with AD differ from those caring for relatives with other psychiatric (e.g., schizophrenia) or medical (e.g., cancer) diseases. A recent review by Schulz and Martire echoes what prior reviews found, namely, that dementia caregivers are at greater risk for psychiatric disorders and symptoms (particularly depression and anxiety), as well as self-reported negative health effects, than demographically similar caregivers of elders with primarily physical (not cognitive) disorders. Ory and colleagues reported similar findings and also commented on the impact of relationship of the caregiver to the care recipient. They emphasized the need for more research on differences in the kinds of negative outcomes experienced by spouses compared with adult children, who assume very different roles in the caregiving process. Although this literature has led to many valuable insights regarding the impact of family caregiving on both mental and physical health, there are some notable limitations that have only recently begun to be addressed. First, most of the research before 2000 focused on non-Hispanic whites, most of whom were middleaged or older women caring for parents, spouses, or1 parents-in-law. Persons of color, men caregivers, and other individuals (e.g., adult grandchildren or close friends) were not routinely recruited for studies despite evidence of their increasing assumption of caregiving roles. Second, few studies focused on the impact of caregiving on actual physical or mental health problems or biologic markers of physical or mental health status. Rather, most rely on self-reported mental or physical health status, which can be subject to measurement error, compared with use of more objective methods of psychiatric evaluation such as diagnostic interviews and/or results of laboratory tests or confirmed medical diagnoses. One of the few exceptions to this is the literature on the prevalence of depressive diagnoses, and depressive symptoms, in family caregivers; both have been documented to occur to a greater extent in caregivers compared with noncaregivers. Most studies report 30%–50% prevalence of depressive diagnoses and even higher rates of self-reported depressive symptoms among caregivers even across ethnic group comparisons. Third, although there is a growing body of information about advance directives and end-of-life care in the caregiving literature, there have been few systematic studies of how end-of-life decisions are actually made in this population and what factors might influence family members in one direction or another on this matter. Finally, relatively few theoretically based intervention studies, using a randomized clinical trial meth-
Response of the kitten to dietary taurine depletion: effects on renal reabsorption, bile acid conjugation and activities of enzymes involved in taurine synthesis.

Abstract 1. 1. Kittens were adapted to a semipurified diet and then fed either a control diet that contained 0.1% taurine or a taurine-free diet for 6 weeks; at the end of the feeding period, kittens fed the taurine-free diet had plasma and liver taurine concentrations that were 0.38 and 0.15%, respectively, of those for control kittens. 2. 2. Hepatic cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in taurine-deficient kittens was five-times the level in control kittens, but hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity was not affected by the dietary treatment. 3. 3. Taurine-conjugated bile acids made up 98% of the total bile acids in the gall bladder of control kittens, but they accounted for only 44% of the total bile acids in the bile of taurine-depleted kittens; both the concentrations of taurine-conjugated bile acids and total bile acids were markedly decreased in taurine-deficient kittens. 4. 4. No effect of taurine depletion on the fractional excretion of taurine in the urine was observed. 5. 5. The kitten may have some mechanisms for adapting to a low-taurine diet, but these are clearly not sufficient to maintain tissue taurine levels in the absence of dietary taurine.
Gap exponents for percolation processes with triangle condition

A study is made of the gap exponents for percolation processes with the triangle condition in the subcritical region. It is show that the gaps are given byΔ t =2 fort=2, 3,⋯. Scaling theory predicts thatP p (¦C 0¦≥S(p))−(p c −p) andE p (1/¦C 0¦; ¦C 0¦≥S(p))−(p c −p)3, whereS(p) is the typical cluster size. It is found that (p c −p)≲P p (|C 0≥S(p) 1−ɛ)≲(p c −p)1−2ɛ and (p c −p)3≲E p (1/|C 0|;|C 0|≥S(p) 1−ɛ))≲(p c −p)3−4ɛ.
LONG-RANGE ICOSOHEDRAL SYMMETRY IN A METALLIC PHASE OBSERVED BY FIELD ION MICROSCOPY

Direct observations by Field Ion Microscopy of an Al-12 at.% alloy confirm the earlier determination, by diffraction techniques, of icosohedral long range orientational order. Additionally, a large amount of local disorder, replete with defects or antiphase boundaries, is found. There is no evidence for systematic twinning which might account for the observed orientational symmetry.
Homoplasmic mitochondrial DNA diseases as the paradigm to understand the tissue specificity and variable clinical severity of mitochondrial disorders.

Mitochondrial DNA disorders have been impliated in a wide range of human diseases, including euromuscular disorders, cardiomyopathies, diabees mellitus, skin lesions, aplastic anemia, Parkinon’s disease, and aging in general. These mitochonrial DNA defects can be transmitted through enerations, occur sporadically in the germ line, or e acquired later in life. Despite the clinical imporance of these diseases, and despite the fact that the equence, the genes, and the presumed function of he mitochondrial chromosome have been comletely described for nearly 2 decades, the molecular echanisms leading from genotype to clinical pheotype remain enigmatic. This has prevented useful ounseling of patients with mitochondrial DNA muations and has also prevented the search for therpeutic interventions. Two major reasons explain he lack of progress in elucidating the molecular athophysiology of mitochondrial DNA disorders. ne relates to the absence of an animal model that imics the human diseases. The other reason reates to the fact that most mitochondrial DNA disases are heteroplasmic, meaning that a mixture of ormal and mutated mitochondrial chromosomes coxist. Distribution differences between tissues, eighboring cells, and mitochondria within a single ell complicate the interpretation of any clinical pheotype. Since mitochondrial DNA mutations linked o nonsyndromic hearing impairment are generally r p t
A photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopic study of passive metals

Abstract The photoelectrochemical impedance of passive metals is recorded in order to explore coupling between the electronic and ionic defect structures of passive oxide films. Square-wave modulated uv irradiation is used and the concomitant modulated photocurrents are measured from which a photoelectrochemical impedance can be derived by a frequency response analyzer. Since square-wave excitation is used, the applicability of linear response theory was explicitly certified by three independent procedures. At present, two metals have been investigated, ie tungsten and zirconium. The photoelectrochemical impedance of passive WO3 films can be explained by assuming a surface recombination mechanism. For ZrO2 films, diffusion of charge carriers are responsible for the observed low-frequency photocurrent response.
Measurements of positive ion conversion and removal reactions relating to the Jovian ionosphere

Measured rates are presented for the reaction of He(+) ions with H2 (and D2) molecules to form H(+), H2(+), and HeH(+) ions, as well as for the subsequent reactions of H(+) and HeH(+) ions with H2 to form H3(+). The neutralization of H3(+) /and H5(+)/ ions by dissociative recombination with electrons is shown to be fast. The reaction He(+) + H2 is slow (k 1.1 x 10 to the minus 13th cu cm/sec at 300 K) and produces principally H(+) by the dissociative charge transfer branch. It is concluded that there may be a serious bottleneck in the conversion of two of the primary ions of the upper Jovian ionosphere, H(+) and He(+) (which recombine slowly), to the rapidly recombining H3(+) ion.
Scaling of diode pumped Cs laser: transverse pump, unstable cavity, MOPA

There has been recent interest in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) and their scaling to higher powers. Scaling of DPALs to high powers requires using multiple pump sources such as laser diode arrays or stacks of arrays. Coupling of multiple pump beams into the laser gain medium can be realized using a transverse pumping scheme that is most efficient for the laser operating with large mode volume. We have demonstrated Cs laser with unstable resonator transversely pumped by 15 narrowband diode laser arrays. This laser operates on lowest transverse mode with a diameter of 7 mm with an optical-to-optical efficiency higher than 30%. An alternative power scaling approach: Master Oscillator and power Amplifier (MOPA) system with transversely pumped by multiple diode lasers Cs amplifier was studied experimentally and demonstrated high optical efficiency.
Strong hydrogen bonding in the gas phase: fluoromethane⋯hydronium versus fluoromethane⋯ammonium

Abstract The proton-bound heterodimers MeF⋯HOH2+ and MeF⋯HNH3+ are here reported for the first time. Ion structures have been characterized by collisionally-induced dissociation and their enthalpies of association computed ab initio at the MP4(SDQ)/6–311G∗∗ 6D level as ΔH450° = - 105.9 kJ mol−1 and ΔH450° = − 71.0 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. Complete equilibration between the latter species and its constituents has been demonstrated at a pressure of 0.48 Torr in the ion source: establishment of equilibrium at that pressure takes place on the 0.1 ms timescale at 190°C. Theoretical van't Hoff plots give ab initio entropies of association, which match the experimental value published for H2O⋯HNH3+. The value for McF⋯HOH2+ is ΔS450° = − 103.0 J mol−1 K−1, but the entropy for MeF⋯HNH3+ depends on how the ammonium rocking motions are considered in the large-amplitude limit. Viewing them as a pair of harmonic vibrations yields ΔS450° = − 68.1 J mol−1 K−1, while looking at these degrees of freedom as a two-dimensional hindered internal rotor gives ΔS450° = − 17.6 ± 1.1 or ΔS450° = − 52.3 ± 1.1 J mol−1 K−1, depending on whether internal rotation is treated as completely coupled or completely uncoupled from external rotation. Analysis of calculated vibrational frequencies, electron densities, and rotational barriers leads to the conclusion that the large difference in entropy of association between MeF⋯HOH2+ and MeF⋯HNH3+ reflects the low degree of covalency in the ammonium-fluorine proton bridge and the comparative accessibility of purely electrostatic bonding orientations.
Platelet adhesion and aggregation without endothelial denudation or exposure of basal lamina and/or collagen.

In vivo microvascular studies and postmortem studies of large and small blood vessels in a variety of species and vascular beds show that platelet adhesion and aggregation can occur over endothelium t
Long-chain acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine hydrolase activities in normal and ischemic rabbit heart

Long-chain acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine hydrolase activities were determined in fresh and perfused rabbit heart and correlated with tissue levels of their respective substrates, long-chain acyl-CoA and acylcarnitine. In fresh heart homogenate acyl-CoA hydrolase activity was 3-fold greater than acylcarnitine hydrolase activity; sonication of homogenate doubled acyl-CoA hydrolase activity but did not significantly change acylcarnitine hydrolase activity. Hearts perfused with 10 mM glucose by the nonrecirculating Langendorff method had depressed levels of acyl-CoA hydrolase activity under both aerobic and ischemic conditions. Extract from buffer-perfused heart showed increased acylcarnitine hydrolase activity and elevated levels of acylcarnitine. Homogenate acyl-CoA hydrolase activity was not sedimented by centrifugal forces up to 50,000 X g; however, less than 25% of homogenate acylcarnitine hydrolase activity remained in the 50,000 X g supernatant. The hypolipidemic drug clofibrate was an effective in vitro inhibitor of acylcarnitine hydrolase activity but not of acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. The fatty acid analog tetradecylglycidic acid inhibited only acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. These results suggest that acyl-CoA hydrolase and acylcarnitine hydrolase activities are differentially affected in the perfused heart by substrate levels and oxygen availability. In addition, the diverse response of these two hydrolase activities to a variety of biochemical parameters implies that the observed hydrolyses of palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoylcarnitine are catalyzed by at least two separate hydrolase enzymes.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometric determination of acrolein in human breast cancer cells.

A selected ion flow tube-chemical ionization mass spectrometric method is presented for the first determination of acrolein metabolically produced in biological tissues. Acrolein in aqueous samples (2.5 ml) is preconcentrated by distillation and directly analyzed using gas-phase proton transfer from H3O+. This method provides sensitive detection of acrolein with the method detection limit of 15 nM at the 99% confidence level. Detection is linear up to the highest concentration studied (13.5 microM, R2 = 0.998). Acrolein levels are determined in doxorubicin-sensitive (MCF-7) and doxorubicin-resistant (MCF-7/Adr) human breast cancer cells in vitro. The intracellular acrolein concentrations differ insignificantly: 0.61 microM for sensitive cells and 0.54 microM for resistant cells. Treatment with a physiological concentration of doxorubicin (0.5 microM) for 24 h at 37 degrees C increased acrolein levels by factors of 2.6 and 1.9 for MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cells, respectively. The differential enhancement observed is consistent with the lower levels of enzymes that neutralize oxidative stress in sensitive MCF-7 cells and overexpression of an active drug efflux pump P-170 glycoprotein in resistant MCF-7/Adr cells.
Silver hake tracks changes in Northwest Atlantic circulation

Many organisms are responding to a warming climate by shifts in spatial distribution. The poleward movement of silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, over the last forty years is related to the position of the Gulf Stream and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation through changes in local bottom water temperature.
Oxygen Consumption Rates for Bighead and Silver Carp in Relation to Life-Stage and Water Temperature

ABSTRACT We measured bighead carp (Hypophthalmythys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalrnythys molitnx) oxygen consumption rates (M02) at several water temperatures (5—25°C) and life stages (juvenile and adult). The relation between M02 and body mass for both species was allometric, with body mass correlated to M02. The mass exponent used to correct mass-related bias (b) for bighead carp was 0.70, while the calculated b value for silver carp was 0.76. Temperature significantly affected mass-corrected M02 in both species (P 0.05). Mean mass-corrected oxygen consumption rate ranged from 0.21 to 0.97 mg O2hr−1 and did not differ between species (P=0.60). Our results suggest that Asian carp have high metabolic rates compared to native fishes occupying a similar feeding niche. These data also suggest that Asian carp could exceed native filter-feeding species energetic demands that could have potential negative long-term effects on ecosystems in which they become establ...
Mirrors, Lipstick, and Guns: Performing Revolutionary Masculinity in La mujer habitada

AbstractThe following essay studies the relationship between the female body and the construction of masculinity in Gioconda Belli’s La mujer habitada (1988). Taking into account theories of gender and Lacan’s ideas of subject construction, the article analyses how Belli constructs the female protagonist through a series of reflections and the performativity of theatre to establish a masculine subject. The study is built on the postulates forwarded by Raewyn Connell and Judith Butler to show how the new Latin American woman in La mujer habitada is not always a product of female agency but instead of a mimetic process of local masculinities. I propose in these pages a reclassification of Latin American masculinity through the trope of revolutionary masculinity, which is a recurrent model in contemporary novels that undertake a challenging of patriarchal military governments in the twentieth century.Este ensayo plantea investigar la relacion entre el cuerpo femenino y la construccion de la masculinidad en L...
The Burden of Motherhood: Gliding Locomotion in Mammals Influences Maternal Reproductive Investment

Body mass is usually positively associated with reproductive output in females, with larger females having more offspring. However, in gliding or flying species, large body mass is constrained as a result of wing loading, defined as the ratio of body mass to the surface area available to generate lift. Gliding animals may be particularly susceptible to increased wing loading resulting from added mass during pregnancy. We compiled reproductive and morphological data for gliding and related nongliding mammals in all extant taxa where this type of locomotion occurs to test the predictions that gliders will have proportionally lighter litters than related nongliders, and relative litter mass will be negatively associated with wing loading. Contrary to our 1st prediction, gliders had heavier offspring than did nongliders in all taxa examined. Consistent with our 2nd prediction, however, greater relative litter mass was associated with lower wing loading. Maintaining the ability to glide when pregnant may influence investment in reproduction. However, gliding locomotion appears to be associated with increased litter mass, perhaps because of smaller litters of heavy young. Thus, we suggest that gliders may be characterized by K-selected life-history traits such as low mortality, slow metabolism, and fewer offspring per litter, but increased investment in individual young. The findings of this comparative study highlight how major shifts in locomotor mode can have a profound influence on patterns of life history.
Effect of time before storage and storage temperature on survival of Salmonella inoculated on fresh-cut melons.

Abstract The effects of a waiting period at room temperature (∼22 °C) before refrigerating fresh-cut watermelon, cantaloupe and honeydew pieces contaminated with Salmonella on survival of the inoculated pathogen were investigated. Whole cantaloupes, honeydew melons and watermelons were washed with water, and fresh-cut pieces from individual melons were prepared and inoculated with a five strain cocktail of Salmonella at 105 cfu/ml. Populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold and Pseudomonas spp. were higher for fresh-cut cantaloupe than for fresh-cut watermelon and honeydew immediately after preparation. Populations of Salmonella, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast and mold and Pseudomonas ssp. in fresh-cut melons left at room temperature for up to 5 h before refrigeration were significantly ( P 0.05 ) higher than populations in fresh-cut melons stored at 5 °C immediately after preparation. Populations of Salmonella recovered in fresh-cut melon after inoculation with the cocktail of Salmonella strains averaged 2 log10 cfu/g for all three types of melons. Populations in fresh-cut watermelon and honeydew pieces declined by 1 log when stored immediately at 5 °C for 12 days, while the populations in fresh-cut cantaloupe did not show significant ( P > 0.05 ) changes. Populations of Salmonella in fresh-cut melons stored immediately at 10 °C for 12 days increased significantly ( P 0.05 ) from 2.0 to 3.0 log10 cfu/g in watermelon, 1.9 to 3.0 log10 cfu/g in honeydew and 2.0 to 3.6 log10 cfu/g in cantaloupe pieces. Holding freshly prepared, contaminated fresh-cut melon pieces at 22 °C for 3 h or more prior to refrigerated storage would increase the chances of Salmonella proliferation, especially if the fresh-cut melons were subsequently stored at an abusive temperature.