cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of black phosphorus anisotropy on silicon photonic waveguide

Due to its unique crystal structure, black phosphorus (BP) shows anisotropic electric and optical properties. In this work, we demonstrate its optical anisotropy by measuring its different absorptions of TE and TM modes travelling in silicon photonic waveguides. In the experiment, when BP crystal armchair axis is aligned perpendicularly to waveguide, the measured absorption coefficients for TE and TM are 0.821 dB/μm and 0.413 dB/μm, respectively. The result matches well with our calculated absorptions of 1.075 dB/μm and 0.581 dB/μm for TE and TM modes. By carefully selecting BP thickness and orientation, it is possible to selectively absorb either TE or TM mode and as an example, TE/TM contrast can reach up to 1.1 dB/μm when BP thickness is 100 nm.
In situ Raman characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar absorber material

Copper zinc tin sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film and powder samples are successfully prepared using a simple sol-gel sulfurization procedure. The samples were characterized using ex situ techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS. In addition, advanced in situ Raman micro-spectroscopy characterization of CZTS material from room temperature to 650 °C was demonstrated for the first time. Preliminary results show CZTS phase is Raman active up to ∼ 600 °C and in situ Raman is a powerful characterization technique that will provide insights about fundamental CZTS phase formation and secondary phase evolution in real time under practical solar cell processing conditions.
Medical student preparedness for an era of personalized medicine: findings from one US medical school.

Aim: The objective of this research was to assess medical student preparedness for the use of personalized medicine. Materials & methods: A survey instrument measuring attitude toward personalized medicine, perceived knowledge of genomic testing concepts and perceived ability to apply genomics to clinical care was distributed to students in medical school (MS) years 1–4. Results: Of 212 participants, 79% felt that it was important to learn about personalized medicine, but only 6% thought that their medical education had adequately prepared them to practice personalized medicine. Attitude did not vary across years; knowledge and ability increased after MS1, but not after MS2. Conclusion: While medical students support the use of personalized medicine, they do not feel prepared to apply genomics to clinical care.
Reconsidering Darwin’s “Several Powers”

Contemporary textbooks often define evolution in terms of the replication, mutation, and selective retention of DNA sequences, ignoring the contribution of the physical processes involved. In the closing line of The Origin of Species, however, Darwin recognized that natural selection depends on prior more basic living functions, which he merely described as life’s “several powers.” For Darwin these involved the organism’s capacity to maintain itself and to reproduce offspring that preserve its critical functional organization. In modern terms we have come to recognize that this involves the continual generation of complex organic molecules in complex configurations accomplished with the aid of persistent far-from-equilibrium chemical self-organizing and self-assembling processes. But reliable persistence and replication of these processes also requires constantly available constraints and boundary conditions. Organism autonomy further requires that these constraints and co-dependent dynamics are reciprocally produced, each by the other. In this paper I argue that the different constraint-amplifying dynamics of two or more self-organizing processes can be coupled so that they reciprocally generate each other’s critical supportive boundary conditions. This coupling is a higher-order constraint (which can be distributed among components or offloaded onto molecular structures) that effectively constitutes a sign vehicle “interpreted” by the synergistic dynamics of these co-dependent self-organizing process so that they reconstitute this same semiotic-dynamic relationship and its self-reconstituting potential in new substrates. This dynamical co-dependence constitutes Darwin’s “several powers” and is the basis of the biosemiosis that enables evolution.
A primary care checklist for effective family management

After briefly reviewing the risks of caregiving, this article describes guidelines for practical clinical management of patients and family members in primary care settings. Much can be done to enhance the health and quality of life of patients with dementia and their families. Patients need to know that their physician is a resource who is there for them, who will listen to the story of their illness, and who knows where to send them for more information and help.
Evaluation of segmental gastric resection for peptic ulcer.

Summary(1) An extensive segmental gastric resection in which 74% of the acid secreting portion of the stomach by weight is excised, leaving 10% of the entire stomach as the upper fundic pouch anastomosed to the antrum will protect against the histamine-in-beeswax provoked ulcer in the dog. (2) A segmental resection in which 25% of the stomach by weight is left as the fundic pouch will not protect against the histamine-in-beeswax provoked ulcer, whether or not a complemental vagotomy is done.
Coronary Artery Disease and Reticular Macular Disease, a Subphenotype of Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration

ABSTRACTPurpose: Reticular macular disease (RMD) is the highest risk form of early age-related macular degeneration and also specifically confers decreased longevity. However, because RMD requires advanced retinal imaging for adequate detection of its characteristic subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), it has not yet been completely studied with respect to coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death in the developed world. Because CAD appears in middle age, our purpose was to screen patients aged 45–80 years, documented either with or without CAD, to determine if CAD is associated with RMD.Design: A prospective cohort study of patients with documented CAD status and no known retinal disease in a clinical practice setting at one institution.Subjects and Controls: A number of 76 eyes from 38 consecutive patients (23 with documented CAD, 15 controls documented without CAD; 47.4% female; mean age 66.7 years).Methods: Patients were imaged with near-infrared reflectance/spectral domain optical coh...
Study on Structural Characteristics and Seismic Performance of Naxi Civilian Building

The three-dimensional finite element model of Naxi civilian building is built by Semi-rigid connection which can represent the connection of column and beam well.By studying the dynamic characteristics and earthquake responses of Naxi civilian building,natural frequencies and periods,acceleration and displacement dynamic response curve,the relationship between mode type and displacement are obtained.The equations are applied to calculate the shear resisting capacity and moment resisting capacity of Naxi civilian building.Depending on the results,the seismic advantages of timber structure are verified.
APPLICATION OF API 20E IN THE DETECTION OF PATHOGENS IN DISINFECTANT

Objective To evaluate the application value of API 20 E used to identify the polluted bacteria types in disinfectant.Methods API 20E system was used to identify enteropathogenic bacteria polluted in disinfectants and the results were confirmed by the conventional biochemical and serological methods.Results API 20E method was used to identify enteropathogenic bacteria in three blinded samples of disinfectants and the results were consistent with the findings of conventional identification methods.Conclusion API 20E method is simple,convenient,peculiar and sensitive.So API 20 E method is applicable to the identification of enteropathogenic bacteria.
Studies on the in vitro bactericidal activity of bovine sera against selected udder pathogens.

SUMMARY The in vitro bactericidal activity of sera from adult Holstein-Friesian cattle against Aerobacter acrogencs, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli 0127 is attributed to a system which includes antibody and complement components. Bento-nite-adsorbable factors (B.A.F.) are also beneficial for the production of the anti- Eschcrichia effect, but the in vitro activity of bovine serum against A. aerogenes and P. aeruginosa may be inhibited by B.A.F.
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hyperglycemia impair rat intestinal flow-mediated regulation

Release of nitric oxide from small arteries and larger arterioles of the intestine maintains their dilation and thereby supports mucosal blood flow. This flow-dependent mechanism can be studied by ...
A design to improve Selective Catalytic Reduction for diesel engines

An approach to reduce harmful emissions in diesel engines is presented. This approach makes use of an improved Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system which employs a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). In addition, a communication link between the engine and a data collection system is established using User Datagram Protocol (UDP). We observed that the enhanced emissions control system presented demonstrates significant reduction in emission.
The Packing Lemma

The packing lemma is a general method for one party to “pack” or encode classical messages into a Hilbert space so that another party can distinguish the encoded messages. The first party can prepare an ensemble of quantum states, and the other party has access to a set of projectors using which he can form a quantum measurement. If the ensemble and the projectors satisfy the conditions of the packing lemma, then it guarantees the existence of a scheme by which the second party can distinguish the classical messages that the first party prepares. The statement of the packing lemma is quite general, and this approach has a great advantage because we can use it as a primitive for many coding theorems. Examples of coding theorems that we can prove using the packing lemma are the Holevo–Schumacher–Westmoreland (HSW) theorem for the transmission of classical information over a quantum channel and the entanglement-assisted classical capacity theorem for the transmission of classical information over an entanglement-assisted quantum channel (furthermore, Chapter 22 shows that these two protocols are sufficient to generate most known protocols in quantum Shannon theory). Combined with the covering lemma of the next chapter, the packing lemma gives a method for transmitting private classical information over a quantum channel, and this technique in turn gives a way to communicate quantum information over a quantum channel. As long as we can determine an ensemble and a set of projectors satisfying the conditions of the packing lemma, we can apply it in a straightforward way. For example, we prove the HSW coding theorem in Chapter 20 largely by relying on the properties of typical and conditionally typical subspaces that we proved in the previous chapter, and some of these properties are equivalent to the conditions of the packing lemma. The packing lemma is a “one-shot” lemma because it applies to a general scenario that is not limited only to i.i.d. uses of a quantum channel. This “oneshot” approach is part of the reason that we can apply it to a variety of situations. The technique of proving a “one-shot” result and applying it to the i.i.d.
Eslanda Goode Robeson’s African Journey

(2008). Eslanda Goode Robeson’s African Journey. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 76-83.
An Interpretation of An Interpretation of Religion

It is a great honour to be chosen to deliver the Gifford Lectures, which are arguably the most prestigious lectureship on religion in the English-speaking world. One immediately thinks of past publications of lectures that have now achieved classic status — William James’s Varieties of Religious Experience and Reinhold Niebuhr’s Nature and Destiny of Man, to name just two. These lectures often represent the culmination of a career of scholarship. But many Gifford Lectures are period pieces that are remanded to obscurity and distant memory. Only the test of time will judge the fate of John Hick’s 1986–7 Gifford Lectures, titled An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent. My attempt to interpret, appreciate and criticize them comes at the time of their publication, making me one of the first to offer an assessment of the contribution this work makes to scholarship.
Social Workers' Perceptions of Training Preparedness and Social Justice Norms on Workplace Empowerment

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship between (a) social workers' perceptions of preparedness to perform in their professional roles and perceived social justice behaviors at work and (b) workers' sense of workplace empowerment. A sample of 152 currently licensed social workers responded to web or mailed surveys. Respondents were more likely to perceive having workplace empowerment related to meaning in their work if they reported their social work program training prepared them for their professional roles. Perceived social justice behaviors at work were associated with workers' experiencing empowerment related to the impact they had at work. Social workers' sense of training preparedness and experiencing social justice at work can positively influence workers' perceived empowerment. Enforcing the importance of engaging in social justice with clients in social work education, both in class and in field placements, has the potential for long-lasting effects on empowerment in students' future workpl...
Talar Neck Fractures

Various common injuries in the foot and ankle are investigated in this section. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal nonoperative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Issues in the Assessment of Attitudes in Pre- and Marginally Literate Cultures

It has been proposed (e.g., Davidson & Thomson, 1980: Irvine & Carroll, 1980) that the reliability and validity of direct attitude scaling techniques may be problematic for a given culture, especially those that are pre- or marginally literate. Numerical measurement procedures such as direct ratio scaling or numerically anchored category scales demand at least some proficiency with the mathematical system assumed in the technique. Verbally anchored category scales and Likert-type formats not only assume that individuals can conceptualize stimuli on a priori specified dimensions, but also can be invalidated by inappropriate scale anchors.
Characteristics of Patients Experiencing Thromboembolic Events during Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Aspirin May Not Be Adequate Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with Multiple Risk Factors.

Abstract Patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM) have a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to features of the disease or treatment, such as thalidomide (Thal), Lenalidomide (Len), steroids, and certain chemotherapeutic agents. Based on evidence showing the benefit of VTE pharmacological prophylaxis, it is recommended that VTE prophylaxis be prescribed for pts receiving these agents. However, the impact of these guidelines on patient outcomes is less well studied. The study aim was to evaluate the characteristics of MM pts with VTE in a comprehensive cancer center. This retrospective analysis included all MM pts diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) between July and December 2006. Medical records were examined for risk factors such as central venous catheter (CVC), functional status, history of VTE, MM treatment, and use of VTE prophylaxis. Twenty four VTE events (19 DVT, 3 PE, 2 DVT and PE concurrently) occurred in 21 pts, of whom 18 had a single event and 3 had 2 each. During 14 of the 24 events (58.3%), pts were receiving agents known to increase the risk of VTE, including 12 receiving Thal or Len + steroids. During 15 events, pts were anemic (Hgb ≤ 11gms/dL); 4 of these were on erythropoietic agents. Only 1 event occurred while the patient was receiving LMWH. Ten events occurred in pts on aspirin (3 at 81mg, 7 at 325mg). Fourteen events (58.3%) occurred in pts not receiving VTE prophylaxis; 7 occurred when platelet counts were between 18–76 × 103/mm3. The other 7 events were in pts on various myeloma regimens including 2 on melphalan/stem cell transplant and one each on bortezomib, Thal, dexamethasone (Dex), denosumab, and cyclophosphamide/Dex. None of the 3 with recurrent VTE were on anticoagulation at time of recurrence. All 3 were admitted and anticoagulation was held for thrombocytopenia (2) or renal failure (1). Of the 7 events occurring during treatment with Len + steroids occurred while on aspirin; 6 had additional risk factors. One was heterozygous for Factor V Leiden mutation; one had surgery prior to the event; four had neuropathy with 3 in wheelchairs. Of the nine pts with an upper extremity DVT, all but 2 were associated with a CVC (77.7%). Lower extremity DVT commonly occurred in pts with impaired mobility due to neuropathy or deconditioning (38%). In spite of increased awareness of the risk of thrombosis, VTE remains a significant cause of morbidity in MM pts. In this study, CVC, poor mobility, and treatment with Len/Dex were the most common risk factors. VTE events occurred during treatment with Len/Dex despite the concurrent use of aspirin. This suggests that aspirin alone may not be adequate as VTE prophylaxis in pts with MM and multiple risk factors for VTE. The role of aspirin and other interventions to prevent VTE deserve further investigation to optimize thromboprophylaxis in this population.
STM in Biology

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and local probe methods in general offer attractive capabilities for investigations of macromolecules: To observe and study individual objects or molecules in their natural environment, to follow and control molecular processes, and to modify matter on a molecular level. In a first step biological samples have been coated with a conducting film for STM investigations in order to make contact with established electron microscopy methods. Of special interest is the three-dimensional imaging of individual objects with sub-nanometer resolution. The substrates for the direct investigation of molecules used so far are cleaved pyrolytic graphite and flame annealed or epitaxially grown (111) surfaces of gold and platinum. Good imaging with STM and atomic force microscopy was achieved for a variety of molecules ranging from simple benzene rings to DNA and proteins. Surprisingly STM imaging was readily possible with very large structures of paraffins and progeins up to 100 nm in size. This implies sufficient electron transfer through these substances, many orders of magnitude larger than generally assumed. For STM investigations of macromolecules it is essential to strongly bind unmodified molecules to a well-characterized, atomically flat reactive surface. We functionalized an atomically flat gold (111) surface with various mercaptanes and disulfides. The molecular recognition of biotin-functionalized self-assembled monolayers by streptavidin yielded protein covered surfaces with different crystallinity due to different lateral mobility. The ability of the STM to study and modify molecules in real Space on an atomic scale make this instrument an essential tool for the design of biosensors and of molecular devices. The final goal, the use of molecules to produce artificial structures, however, can only be achieved by a combined effort of techniques from biology, chemistry and physics.
How Do Hospitals Respond to Managed Care? Evidence from At-Risk Newborns

Abstract Medicaid has increasingly transitioned from a government-run fee-for-service system (FFS) to a managed care system (MMC) administered by private insurers. To examine the effect of MMC, I exploit an arbitrary determinant of MMC enrollment in New York State: infants weighing less than 1200 g were excluded from MMC and were instead served through FFS. I find evidence that MMC reduces hospital costs at birth, which is driven by infants born in New York City. The hospital cost reductions arise from shortening the lengths of stay and encouraging inter-hospital transfers. These results are consistent with health plans influencing hospitals to reduce the intensity of treatment and steering patients away from high-cost hospitals.
Wari (Huari) culture

Wari was the first empire to emerge among the Central Andean civilizations of South America, during the Middle Horizon (MH, 650–1000 ce). In comparative archaeological terms Wari belongs to the early Bronze Age, and like all pre-Hispanic Andean cultures it is completely prehistoric, with no writing to assist interpretations. Wari began imperialistic expansion through interaction with Peru's South Coast Nasca culture, but later adopted a new religion from Tiwanaku, the other great capital city of the Andean MH world. Wari's political and economic infrastructure, along with its religious innovations, are thought to have foreshadowed Inca imperial organization 500 years later. Keywords: Andean archaeology; complex society; Middle Horizon; Peru
Comparison of Two Weight-Based Desmopressin Dosing Strategies for Spontaneous Bleeding

Background: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of desmopressin are appropriate for adjusted body weight–based dosing, particularly in obese patients. Objective: The objective of this study w...
A Shared Multi-Disciplinary Creativity Requirement for First Year Students

Even though interest in embedding creativity into tertiary curricula has grown internationally, little scholarship exists about implementation strategies or the efficacy of linking creativity pedagogies to first-year experience programs. This practice report describes how Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts, inserted a new creativity requirement for first-year students as a part of curriculum reform in the College of Arts and Sciences and in the Sawyer Business School in spite of considerable resistance. It will demonstrate the uniqueness of the approach and suggest anticipated outcomes in advance of a comprehensive assessment process now underway.
Keith Lehrer on Compatibilism

Keith Lehrer has been publishing on free will and compatiblism since 1960. Our concern here is to present an account of the development on his work on the subject.
Coupling Factors in Oxidative Phosphorylation

A classical approach to the study of the mechanism of multienzyme systems involves resolution of the constituent parts and reconstitution of the system from the purified components. Application of this approach to the study of the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation was first initiated in David Green’s laboratory. He devised the procedures for the large-scale isolation of mitochondria from bovine heart.(1) Even now this is the source for much of the fractionation studies. In 1958 the preparation of phosphorylating submitochondrial particles, ETPH, and the first coupling factor(2) was reported. General use of these pioneering techniques led to the isolation and characterization of four generally accepted coupling factors, shown in Table I.
Optical and Deep UV Lithography

The principal models for optical lithography are reviewed: Image formation in near diffraction-limited systems; positive resist exposure (bleaching); post-exposure processing; and resist development. The algorithms which implement these models are reviewed, and complete examples of typical process sequences discussed. The limits of optical lithography are examined, considering the variety of machines available, or soon to be available.
Creating a scalable deep learning based Named Entity Recognition Model for biomedical textual data by repurposing BioSample free-text annotations

Motivation: Extraction of biomedical knowledge from unstructured text poses a great challenge in the biomedical field. Named entity recognition (NER) promises to improve information extraction and retrieval. However, existing approaches require manual annotation of large training text corpora, which is laborious and time-consuming. To address this problem we adopted deep learning technique that repurposes the 43,900,000 Entity- free-text pairs available in metadata associated with the NCBI BioSample archive to train a scalable NER model. This NER model can assist in biospecimen metadata annotation by extracting named-entities from user-supplied free-text descriptions. Results: We evaluated our model against two validation sets, namely data sets consisting of short-phrases and long sentences. We achieved an accuracy of 93.29% and 93.40% in the short-phrase validation set and long sentence validation set respectively. Availability: All the analyses, pre-trained model, environments, and Jupyter notebooks pertaining to this manuscript are available on Github: https://github.com/brianyiktaktsui/DEEP_NLP.
Characterization of prostate microstructure using water diffusion and NMR relaxation.

For many pathologies, early structural tissue changes occur at the cellular level, on the scale of micrometers or tens of micrometers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful non-invasive imaging tool used for medical diagnosis, but its clinical hardware is incapable of reaching the cellular length scale directly. In spite of this limitation, microscopic tissue changes in pathology can potentially be captured indirectly, from macroscopic imaging characteristics, by studying water diffusion. Here we focus on water diffusion and NMR relaxation in the human prostate, a highly heterogeneous organ at the cellular level. We present a physical picture of water diffusion and NMR relaxation in the prostate tissue, that is comprised of a densely-packed cellular compartment (composed of stroma and epithelium), and a luminal compartment with almost unrestricted water diffusion. Transverse NMR relaxation is used to identify fast and slow T2 components, corresponding to these tissue compartments, and to disentangle the luminal and cellular compartment contributions to the temporal evolution of the overall water diffusion coefficient. Diffusion in the luminal compartment falls into the short-time surface-to-volume (S/V) limit, indicating that only a small fraction of water molecules has time to encounter the luminal walls of healthy tissue; from the S/V ratio, the average lumen diameter averaged over three young healthy subjects is measured to be 217.7±188.7 μm. Conversely, the diffusion in the cellular compartment is highly restricted and anisotropic, consistent with the fibrous character of the stromal tissue. Diffusion transverse to these fibers is well described by the random permeable barrier model (RPBM), as confirmed by the dynamical exponent ϑ=1/2 for approaching the long-time limit of diffusion, and the corresponding structural exponent in histology. The RPBM-derived fiber diameter and membrane permeability were 19.8±8.1 μm and 0.044±0.045 μm/ms, respectively, in agreement with known values from tissue histology and membrane biophysics. Lastly, we revisited 38 prostate cancer cases from a recently published study, and found the same dynamical exponent of diffusion in tumors and benign regions. Our results suggest that a multi-parametric MRI acquisition combined with biophysical modeling may be a powerful non-invasive complement to prostate cancer grading, potentially foregoing biopsies.
Legal Issues in Channels Modification Decisions: The Question of Refusals to Deal:

Effective distribution management can be a source of increased efficiency and profitability for many manufacturers. The ability to modify channels of distribution to cope with changing market condi...
Practical applications of DNA genotyping in diagnostic pathology.

Introduction: Among various human tissue identity testing platforms, short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping has emerged as the most powerful and cost-effective method. Beyond forensic applications, t...
Crossing Low Level Donor-Specific Antibody at the Time of Heart Transplantation May Save Lives

Purpose Sensitization is an increasing problem for patients (pts) awaiting heart transplant (HTx) partly due to increased requirement for bridging with mechanical support, a risk factor for sensitization. In order to widen the donor pool for sensitized pts, our program has decided to cross low-level donor-specific antibody (DSA) at HTx. We assessed the long-term outcome of these pts. Methods Between 2010-13, we reviewed 352 HTx pts in our single-center program and identified 31 pts transplanted against a low-level DSA (MFI Results The 31 pts transplanted against a low-level DSA had significantly less freedom from first-year AMR compared to control group. However, the low-level DSA group had significantly better 5-year survival. There was no significant difference in freedom from 1-year ATR or ACR and 5-year freedom from CAV compared to control group. There was a trend for better 5-year freedom from NF-MACE in the low-level DSA group compared to control group (see table). Conclusion Crossing low-level DSA at HTx appears to have acceptable outcomes despite increased risk of first-year AMR. This strategy can expand the donor pool and potentially save lives. The survival benefit in the low-level DSA group may represent eventual accommodation however further studies are needed.
Low-cost stepped intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Influenza morbidity and mortality can be severe and costly. Vaccination rates remain suboptimal in cancer patients due to provider- and patient-related factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether low-cost provider- and patient-focused interventions would increase influenza vaccination rates at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMCCC). This quality improvement project included all patients without documentation of influenza vaccination prior to their first outpatient appointment during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 influenza seasons. The multi-stepped intervention included provider and patient reminders. Influenza vaccination rates were compiled using CPT-4 codes. Same-day (with appointment) vaccination rates during the intervention seasons were compared to historical (2005–2011 seasons) controls; vaccination rates were also compared to contemporary control population at the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS). Reasons for non-adherence with vaccination were explored. The cumulative same-day vaccination rate in eligible adults was 10.1 % (2011–2012) and 9.4 % (2012–2013) compared to an average 6.9 % during influenza seasons 2005–2011. Based on logistic regression analysis, there was a 37.6 % (95 % CI 35–40.3 %) and 56.1 % (95 % CI 40.9–73 %) relative increase in the adult vaccination rate associated with the intervention, with 399 and 697 additional vaccinations, respectively, for each season. During the 2012–2013 season, the UMCCC adult vaccination rate was higher compared to the remainder of that of the UMHS. The intervention was well accepted by providers. Reasons for no vaccination were provider- and patient-related. Increasing provider and patient awareness with a simple, inexpensive intervention was associated with higher influenza vaccination rates at a large academic cancer center. The intervention is permanently implemented during influenza seasons.
Development of a Method for Imputation of Missing Data Using ACS Exams as a Prototype

Missing data is a regular issue that researchers and practitioners must consider for treatment. Commonly, cases for which data is missing are excluded from inclusion in larger data sets. However, this is not the only option and could artificially alter the sample. Other options are available for imputing missing data. Expanding on work previously reported, a method is presented here that not only preserves all observed data but also is shown to function for smaller data sets. As an example of the process, four ACS Exams are used as prototypes with a discussion on an expected noise level of any imputed sample.
Linking the work environment to missed nursing care in labour and delivery

Aim To measure the association between the nurse work environment (NWE) and missed nursing care on labour and delivery (L&D) units. Background L&D units provide a sizable fraction of acute hospital services to a unique population that is a national and global priority. L&D nurses are the frontline providers during labour. Maternal morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the NWE and missed care. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from 1,313 L&D staff nurses in 247 hospitals from a four-state nurse survey collected in 2005-2008. Results Half of nurses missed care (range: zero to 100% across hospitals). Nurses on average missed 1.25 of 10 activities. The most commonly missed activities were comforting/talking with patients and teaching/counselling. In better as compared to poor NWEs, the odds and frequency of missed care were significantly lower. Conclusions L&D nurses routinely miss necessary nursing activities. Labouring women's psychosocial, comfort and educational needs are compromised most often, likely impacting quality and outcomes. Nurse communication with colleagues and managers about missed care is warranted. Implications for nursing management The L&D NWE is modifiable and appears to influence missed care. Managers should discuss missed care with staff and measure their NWE to identify actionable weaknesses.
Incarceration and the HIV Epidemic

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the overlapping epidemics of Incarceration and HIV and how they impact communities of color. First, we provide a brief overview of the epidemiology of incarceration itself – the epidemiology of HIV within the criminal justice (CJ) system – and review some of the interpersonal-, community-, and system-level factors that contribute to high rates of HIV among CJ-involved individuals. Second, we review HIV prevention in jails and prisons, including the evidence for behavioral and biomedical HIV prevention interventions. Third, we examine the HIV care cascade, extending from diagnosis to linkage to care, retention in care, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and virologic suppression in CJ-involved individuals, including key gaps in the cascade and differences in outcomes by race and ethnicity. Fourth, we examine the issue of re-entry, including the multiple barriers people living with HIV (PLWH) face after incarceration which impact continuity of HIV care and treatment. Lastly, we discuss the issue of stigma for CJ-involved PLWH, which may occur during and after incarceration, including the intersectional stigma and discrimination associated with being a racial or ethnic minority, sexual minority, and someone who has been incarcerated. Finally, we conclude with future directions, including national policies which aim to decrease overall incarceration in the USA and promising partnerships and interventions to address health disparities in this vulnerable population.
Structure in the stream of consciousness: Evidence from a verbalized thought protocol and automated text analytic methods

Abstract A key question about the spontaneous stream of thought (SST), often called the stream of consciousness, concerns its serial structure: How are thoughts in an extended sequence related to each other? In this study, we used a verbalized thought protocol to investigate “clump-and-jump” structure in SST—clusters of related thoughts about a topic followed by a jump to a new topic, in a repeating pattern. Several lines of evidence convergently supported the presence of clump-and-jump structure: high interrater agreement in identifying jumps, corroboration of rater-assigned jumps by automated text analytic methods, identification of clumps and jumps by a data-driven algorithm, and the inferred presence of clumps and jumps in unverbalized SST. We also found evidence that jumps involve a discontinuous shift in which a new clump is only modestly related to the previous one. These results illuminate serial structure in SST and invite research into the processes that generate the clump-and-jump pattern.
Anxiety Symptoms and Alcohol-Related Problems among College Students: A Moderated-Mediation Model of Rumination and Emotion Dysregulation.

Prior research has individually linked rumination, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation to alcohol misuse, but limited research has examined a comprehensive model linking these variables together. Th...
Experimental and Calculated Infrared Spectra of Disubstituted Naphthoquinones

Abstract In recent years there has been interest in incorporating substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones (NQs) into the A1 binding site in photosystem I (PSI) photosynthetic protein complexes. This interest in part stems from the considerably altered bioenergetics of electron transfer that occur in PSI with such substitutions. Time resolved FTIR studies of PSI complexes with disubstituted NQs incorporated have and currently are being undertaken, and with this in mind it is worth considering FTIR absorption spectra of these disubstituted NQs in solution. Here we present FTIR absorbance spectra for 2-bromo-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (BrMeNQ), 2-chloromethyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMMeNQ) and 2-ethylthio-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (ETMeNQ) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The FTIR spectra of these di-substituted naphthoquinones (NQs) were compared to FTIR spectra of 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone [phylloquinone (PhQ)], 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), and 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (2MNQ). To aid in the assignment of bands in the experimental spectra, density functional theory (DFT) based vibrational frequency calculations for all the substituted NQs in solution were undertaken. The calculated and experiment spectra agree well. By calculating normal mode potential energy distributions, unambiguous quantitative band assignments were made. The calculated and experimental spectra together make predictions about what may be observable in time resolved FTIR difference spectra obtained using PSI with the different NQs incorporated. Time resolved FTIR difference spectra are presented that support these predictions.
Making Energy Count

Experiments reveal the subtle roles of vibrational and translational energy in reactions of polyatomic molecules.
Transnational practices of the Moroccan community in Rome

The recognition of transnational practices of Moroccan immigrants shows that among the Moroccan community present in Rome such practices are quite widespread. We have pointed out that there is a continuous exchange between the latter and the home community. This exchange takes the form of economic exchange in the majority of cases. A more collective-oriented dimension is noticeable among the women interviewed that are interested in cultural and political aspects of transnational practices. They prefer to approach transnational practices with more institutional tools and they also tend to build up institutional networks. So the political objective of transnational practices expands the scope of the latter that surpasses the limits of family networks.
An Attachment Theoretical Framework for Understanding Personality Disorders: Developmental, Neuroscience, and Psychotherapeutic Considerations

In this paper we propose that John Bowlby's attachment theory provides a theoretically coherent, empirically based, and clinically useful model for understanding personality pathology. This theoretical framework brings parsimony and breadth to the conceptualization of the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of personality disorders (PDs). Attachment theory can explain both the intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties common in those with PDs and is consistent with findings from studies across multiple domains of knowledge, including evolutionary biology, ethology/comparative psychology, developmental psychology, experimental social-personality psychology, and neuroscience. PDs are characterized by significant interpersonal challenges. Recently, these challenges have been hypothesized to stem from underlying maladaptive attachment schemas. Our goal is to outline and elaborate on attachment theory as a foundation for the etiology and pathology of PDs and to highlight the implications of this theory for treatment. We begin with a brief review of attachment, describing its conceptualization and assessment in both children and adults in order to examine PD development. This theoretical foundation is supported by a body of empirical research, from which we present findings from neurobiological and developmental literatures linking attachment and PDs. We then examine the role of attachment in the psychotherapy process and in treatment outcome. Further, we outline research reporting changes in attachment patterns as a result of treatment. Finally, we summarize the implications of attachment theory for understanding PDs and present possible directions for future research.
Reasoning about Atomic Objects

Atomic transactions are a widely-accepted technique for organizing activities in reliable distributed systems. In most languages and systems based on transactions, atomicity is implemented through atomic objects, which are typed data objects that provide their own synchronization and recovery. This paper describes new linguistic mechanisms for constructing atomic objects from non-atomic components, and it formulates proof techniques that allow programmers to verify the correctness of such implementations.
Partisan Pocketbooks: The Politics of Personal Financial Evaluations

Objective In this article, I apply the concept of partisan biases to personal financial evaluations. I ask whether there are systematic differences in partisans’ evaluations of their personal finances that depend on whether their preferred party occupies the White House. I argue that when there is a Democratic president in office, Democrats will view their personal financial situations more favorably than Republicans. Conversely, when there is a Republican president in office, Republicans will view their personal finances more favorably than Democrats. Methods I use ordered probit and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models. Results I find that partisan biases do exist when it comes to personal financial evaluations. However, the weight assigned to partisanship when it comes to personal evaluations is contingent on the level of party polarization at the time of the survey. Conclusion Partisan biases are more pervasive than previously thought, even trickling down to evaluations that are personal in nature.
The effect of captivity on the oral health of the critically endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes)

Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851)), a North American species of mustelid, faced near extinction after westward expansion during the 20th century destroyed a majorit...
Hydrology and Water Balance of Devils Lake Basin: Part 2 - Grid-Based Spatial Surface Water Balance Modeling

In this part of the study, grid-based spatial water balance approach was used to estimate the annual water balance of Devils Lake basin, hydrologically closed lake located in the Red River of the North basin, northeastern North Dakota. Landsat images from 1991 to 2003 were used in the study. Using spatial precipitation, land-cover and soils data, grid-based surface runoff was estimated based on the Curve Number method. The calibrated upstream runoff inflow for each grid cell was computed using a 10-m digital elevation model. Spatial evapotranspiration was estimated for the study area from remotely-sensed data using a surface energy flux model. The spatial water balance for each grid was constructed using grid geographic information system (GIS). The modeled average change in storage depth was compared to observed values of the lake stage. The grid GIS-based spatial surface water balance predicted the observed values with an average error of prediction of 0.12m. With better understanding of the groundwater contribution to the water balance, the prediction accuracy can be improved. The study ensures the applicability of the technique for surface water budget computation using GIS and remote sensing.
Demographics of Shovelnose Sturgeon in the Lower Wabash River, Illinois

AbstractWith the closure of commercial fishing for Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in most reaches of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, harvest may increase in other rivers. We studied the demographics of a commercially exploited Shovelnose Sturgeon population in the lower 322 km of the Wabash River, Illinois. During 2000–2013, 10,734 Shovelnose Sturgeon were captured by using DC and AC electrofishing, gill nets, hoop nets, trotlines, and benthic trawls. Of the captured individuals, 399 fish were recaptured. Electrofishing CPUE was the highest reported in any study on Shovelnose Sturgeon. Captured fish ranged between 61 and 909 mm FL (mean = 662 mm; median = 671 mm), but few fish were smaller than 500 mm. Although the fish were in good condition (mean relative weight = 89.9), there was a decreasing trend in mean condition over time. Shovelnose Sturgeon ranged in age from 0 to 25 years; 90% of the fish were between age 8 and age 19. Fish were fully recruited to the sampling gear at age 1...
Does agency matter

When students exhibit control and employ a strategic plan of action over a situation they are said to be demonstrating agency (Bandura, 2001). The current work is comprised of two studies designed to investigate how agency manifests within students' choice patterns and ultimately influences self-explanation quality within the game-based system iSTART-2. In Study 1, 75 college students interacted freely within iSTART-2 for 2?h. Random walk and Entropy analyses were used to quantify the amount of control demonstrated in students' choice patterns, as well as to determine the relation between variations in these patterns and self-explanation performance within iSTART-2. Overall, students who demonstrated more controlled choice patterns generated higher quality self-explanations compared to students who exhibited more disordered choice patterns. This link between performance and controlled choice patterns is hypothesized to be driven, in part, by students' experiences of agency. That is, engaging in controlled patterns should be advantageous only when doing so is a result of students' strategic planning. In Study 2, this hypothesis was tested by assigning 70 students to a choice pattern (i.e., controlled or disordered) that had been yoked to students from Study 1, thus removing students' ability to exert agency over the iSTART-2 system. Results revealed no differences in self-explanation quality between the groups assigned to controlled and disordered choice patterns. Collectively, findings from these studies support the notion that success within game-based systems is related to students' ability to exert agency over their learning paths. Dynamical analyses revealed controlled interaction patterns.Students' feelings of agency were related to "ordered" interaction patterns.Controlled interaction patterns were related to system performance.The impact of patterns on performance was related to students' exertion of agency.
Platelets and fibrin(ogen) increase metastatic potential by impeding natural killer cell–mediated elimination of tumor cells

To test the hypothesis that platelet activation contributes to tumor dissemination, we studied metastasis in mice lacking Galphaq, a G protein critical for platelet activation. Loss of platelet activation resulted in a profound diminution in both experimental and spontaneous metastases. Analyses of the distribution of radiolabeled tumor cells demonstrated that platelet function, like fibrinogen, significantly improved the survival of circulating tumor cells in the pulmonary vasculature. More detailed studies showed that the increase in metastatic success conferred by either platelets or fibrinogen was linked to natural killer cell function. Specifically, the pronounced reduction in tumor cell survival observed in fibrinogen- and Galphaq-deficient mice relative to control animals was eliminated by the immunologic or genetic depletion of natural killer cells. These studies establish an important link between hemostatic factors and innate immunity and indicate that one mechanism by which the platelet-fibrin(ogen) axis contributes to metastatic potential is by impeding natural killer cell elimination of tumor cells.